G.E. Odo1*, E.J. Agwu1, N.I. Ossai2, C.O. Ezea3, J. Madu1 and V. Eneje2
...Aluminium phosphide is a cheap, effective and commonly used pesticide in agriculture for pest control in Nigeria. This study investigated the effects of aluminium phosphide on the behaviour, haematology, oxidative stress biomarkers and biochemistry of African catfish (C. gariepinus) juvenile on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Fish were exposed to 0.175, 0.0875 and 0.035 mg/L corresponding to 1/10, 1/20 and 1/50 of the 96 h LC50 value (1.75) of the pesticide. Behavioral...
Sanaullah Jalil*, Asim Hayat, Abid Majeed, Syed Haider Abbas, Muhammad Noman, Muhammad Imran Kasana and Muhammad Mazhar Hussain
...ded that accurate use of cheaper rock phosphate, farm yard manure and effective microbes proved as an alternative of costly fertilizers and sustaining the agricultural productivity. Residual effect of rock phosphate with additional use of farmyard manure with effective microorganisms would be a promising strategy for enhancing P use efficiency and productivity of wheat crop in eco friendly way....
Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty
Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...ions. Better, easier and cheaper than polymerase chain reaction or antibody detection, rolling circle amplification using the bacteriophage 29 DNApolymerase allows for a reliable diagnosis of geminiviruses and presumably all viruses with small single-stranded circular DNA genomes. The results show the efficiency of this technique in characterizing viral DNA components of several geminiviruses from experimental and natural host plant sources. Nucleotide sequenc...
Saba Irshad1,*, Ayesha Ashfaq1, Ammara Muazzam1 and Abida Yasmeen2
...tients as a considerably cheap herbal drug which can be prescribed to poor people efficiently at an affordable cost.
...
Muhammad Fiaz1, Khadija Munawar2, Muhammad Mushtaq2,*, Mukhtar Ahmad3, Mushtaq Ahmad Chaudhry3, Muhammad Aslam3, Tanveer Ahmad1 and Nasrullah4
...calf milk replacers were cheaper in terms of milk cost per kg gain than natural ewe milk. It was concluded that high quality calf milk replacer can be used as an efficient substitute of ewe milk for optimum growth performance in neonatal Salt Range lambs after mandatory colostrum feeding.
... 
Alim-un-Nisa1*, Sajila Hina1, Sania Mazhar1, Imran Kalim1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Naseem Zahra1, Shahid Masood1, Muhammad Khalid Saeed1, Qurat-ul-Ain Syed1 and Maida Asif2
...cta) flower by using cheap and safe techniques and making it stable for long period of time in food products as well as in extracted form by using preservatives and antioxidants like citric acid and determining its usefulness by applying on food products. Natural edible color was extracted from T. erecta gave lemon yellow color shade which when applied on candies increased the attractiveness. The spectrophotometric analysis at 474nm of extracted col...
Tosif Tabassam*, Tariq Sultan**, M.Ehsan Akhtar**, M.Mahmood-ulHassan** and Arshad Ali**
SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT FORMULATED CARRIERS FOR SUSTAINING MICROBIAL SHELF LIFE
...r from locally available cheap material and evaluate for shelf life by using locally isolated plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains from maize rhizosphere. Different combinations of material were prepared using clay soil (35-50%), fly-ash (30-45%), press mud (5-15%) and lignite (5-15%). Clay soil (53% clay) was used for adhesion purpose but considering free of lump formation an important property of a good carrier, mixing 40% of soil with other m...
Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saqib Shakeel Abbasi and Abid Hussain*
FARMERS PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE APPLICATION OF BIOZOTE IN SELECTED DEMONSTRATED RICE FIELDS AT HAFIZABAD AND SHEIKHUPURA DISTRICTS
...vironment friendly and a cheap substitute for fertilizer. Biozote application in rice crop was demonstrated at farmers' fields in Hafizabad and Sheikhupura districts under the project “Improving Soil Fertility and Soil Health in Pakistan”. The present paper aimed to assess the performance of biozote on rice and is based on perceptions of farmers involved in on-farm demonstration trials. Four different treatments on each selected plot were carried o...
Muhammad Javed Iqbal and Muhammad Naeem*
...hed fish meal diets with cheaper plant origin crude protein diets in fish culture. A total of 15 aquaria having 20 samples each were arranged in triplicate for 90 days to study the effect of five feeding groups on Length-weight relation and external morphometric variants of Labeo rohita. A total of 75 fish samples @ 5 fish samples per aquaria were analyzed in present study. T1 showed the highest values for mean wet weight 11.32±1.78, Total length 10.54&...
Tahir Abbas*1, Khawaja Raees Ahmad2, Asmatullah3, Khalid Pervaiz Lone4, Muhammad Ali Kanwal2, Sadia Suleman2
Reno-hepatic protective effects of Jambul against chromium induced anomalies in mice
...cially Cr+6 is novel and cheapest; that should be sponsored for ethno-medicinal purpose....
Maleeha Manzoor1,2*, Ruijuan Ma2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabssum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
Microalgal-bacterial consortium: a cost-effective approach of wastewater treatment in Pakistan
...nd may prove technically cheaper and advance technology. It will finally help in dealing
the dual mission of producing valuable metabolites and pollutants/nutrients removal from wastes/wastewaters.
Agricultural wastes/residues generated abundantly in energy deficient countries like Pakistan, having enormous
energy potential, are not utilized efficiently and considered as wastes only. The present review focuses on the current
researc...
the dual mission of producing valuable metabolites and pollutants/nutrients removal from wastes/wastewaters.
Agricultural wastes/residues generated abundantly in energy deficient countries like Pakistan, having enormous
energy potential, are not utilized efficiently and considered as wastes only. The present review focuses on the current
researc...
Ali Zohaib1*, Saima Yousaf1,2, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Tahira Tabassum1, Tasawer Abbas3, Wardah Muzaffar1 and Wasiq Ikram2
...rhizobacteria (PGPR) are cheap and excellent alternate and can be applied as seed inoculation to enhance nutrient use efficiency along with reduced nutrient losses. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed inoculation viz. control (no treatment), Rhizobium japonicum (nitrogen fixing bacteria) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (phosphorus solubilizing bacteria) on growth, allometric traits and dry matter yield of different soybean genotypes viz...
Tahira Moeen Khan* and Amat ul Mateen
...ical/physical methods. A cheaper, simple to perform method giving high yield without by products is employed here. The leaf extract act both as reducing and capping agent. The atomic absorption shows a linear curve between concentration and absorbance. The uv-vis spectrum revealed the shift of absorption towards longer wavelength with the increasing concentration of plant extract. XRD indicates CuO Nps particle size is in between 14-20 nm. CuO nanoparticle sho...
Faiza Jabeen1,*, Bushra Muneer2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3
...y wastes to attain their cheap production by utilizing the wastes nutrients. Protein production was determined using 1% (w/v) of various agro-dairy wastes in production medium both with and without nutrients at pH 7.0 for 48 h at their respective suitable temperatures. They yielded enough thermostable protein suggesting their potential in production of various enzymes and proteins in unconventional and economical substrates suitable for various industrial uses...
Muhammad Suleman1,*, Abu ul Hassan Faiz2, Muhammad Shahbaz2 and Ayesha Riaz3
... used are indigenous and cheap for production of xylanase.
...
Humayun Saleem1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Zia-Ur-Rehman1 and Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique1
...onies are merely selling cheap fruits and they are not concerned with the diseased fruits. ...
Daniel Masood1, Noor Khan1*, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Sadaf Dogar1, Abdul Hanan1, Sadia Nazir1, Sheeza Bano1, Azra Anwar2, Sameul A.M. Martin3 and Chris J. Secombes3
...l in fish diets with the cheaper alternative plant protein moringa meal (Moringa oleifera) on growth and body composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings. L. rohita (average weight 190.25±00g) were stocked randomly in glass aquaria for a 90 day feeding trial. Fish were fed twice daily with four different iso-nitrogenous diets at a feeding level of 3% of total biomass. The diets contained 26% crude protein in which moringa meal substitut...
Muhammad Usman Shafi*, Syed Muhammad Ali**, Syed Akhtar Ali Shah***, Kamran Ahmed****
DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE OF HEAVY TRUCK LOAD DATA IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
...y available,
cheaper as compare to the aluminum plates that are being employed in most of the weighing machines. Movable
weighing station comprises of two rectangular steel plates of sizes 28” x 21” and thickness 1” considering the dimensions
of loaded trucks tires and AASHTO specification. The thickness is taken as 1” as the deflection produced
by the heaviest truck tire was less than 0.5...
Faheem Ali1, Muhammad Amir1, Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1, Abdul Basit2, Muhammad Kashif Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad1
AN SVC BASED POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MODEL FOR CONSUMERS CONNECTED TO WEAK BUSSES IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
...voltage stabilizers as a cheap solution consequently overstressing weak busses. Industrial consumers use other alternatives like switched capacitor banks to cope with low power factor but the limitation is step-wise reactive power injection which does not meet the changing load requirements. Real time improvement requires constant monitoring and real-time injection of Volt-Ampere-Reactive (VAR) which is possible with the help of a Static VAR Compensa...
Zhi Chen1, Toshifumi Minamoto2, Longshan Lin3 and Tianxiang Gao4,*
...In order to examine some cheaper kits’ effectiveness of extracting eDNA of macro-organisms and select an optional low-cost kit, a test among three kits was held. 12S rRNA bands of marine fishes on the agarose gel preliminarily revealed that all three kits could successfully extract eDNA from field water samples. Digital PCR results further revealed that the average eDNA concentration of Sepiella japonica extracted by three kits were (4.62 ±...
Faheem Ahmed Khan1*, Sarzamin Khan2, Qurat-ul-Ain3, Saqib Ishaq1, Muhammad Salman1, Abdul Rehman1, Ikram Ullah4, Kalsoom5 and Johar Jamil5
... utilizing the available cheap sources. The indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from different fruit samples, identified by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and were characterized for production of single cell microbial protein (SCMP). Out of 60 different fruit samples, a total number of confirmed S. cerevisiae isolates were 1, 2 and 1 from orange (Citrus sinensis), grapes (Vitis), and peach (Prunus pers...
Muhammad Ihtisham1, Noor Amjad2, Muhammad Nauman3, Asghar Ali3, Khawar Riaz3, Muhammad Sajid3, Muhammad Owais Shahid*3
... are the most common and cheap source of propagation. However, several plant species have water-impermeable hard seeds which take a long time to germinate. The hard seed coat can be scarified successfully through acid treatment. Sophora is a beautiful ornamental plant and its seeds have the same issue. In this experiment, seeds of Sophora secondiflora were treated with H2SO4 and then sown at different dates. Both H2SO4 scarification and sowing time had a signi...
Shapon Kumar Bashak1, Alok Kumar Paul1, Md. Akhtar Hossain1, Usman Atique2,3*, Sonia Iqbal3, Md. Najim Uddin1, Asrafi Mohammad Farhaduzzaman4, Md. Mojibar Rahman5, Md. Shahanul Islam6
...arthen ponds. Furnishing cheaper shelter alternatives and enhancing habitat features may not alter the pond water quality instead gives higher yield and economic benefits.
...
Qudsia Nazir1, Muhammad Aftab1*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Aneela Riaz3, Sarfraz Hussain1, Ifra Saleem1, Amina Kalsom1, Noor-Us-Sabah2, Mukkram Ali Tahir2, Ateeq-ur-Rehman4 and Muhammad Arif1
...d that the use of ZnO (a cheap source of Zn) impregnated urea for rice may enhance grains (paddy) yield. Three types of urea were prepared including Zn coated, bio-activated Zn coated and Zn blended urea at the 1.5% rate of formulate. The bio-activated Zn coated urea was prepared by inoculating the powdered organic material with Zinc solubilizing bacterium and then this material was mixed with ZnO. This bio-active Zn was coated on urea at 1.5% rates to formula...
Rabia Iqbal and Muhammad Naeem *
...e protein) prepared from cheaper plant proteins, to keep minimum use of fish meal, on growth performance, survival and production of hybrid fry (Labeo rohita♀ x Catla catla ♂). The hybrid fry of mean 1.05±0.08 g body weight and 4.36±0.40 cm mean length were acclimatized and transferred to 8 X 6 X 3 ft. hapas. Fry were fed with fish meal at the rate of 10 % of body weight during acclimatization period and experimental feed at the rate of 5 % o...
Anila Kousar, Muhammad Naeem*, Samrah Masud, Abir Ishtiaq, Zara Naeem and Rabia Iqbal
...nd local availability of cheaper plant protein feed ingredients. Ten specimens were randomly selected from each treatment hapa for evaluating the concentrations of selected essential and non-essential elements in GIFT fingerlings fed with dietary protein levels of 15% (T1), 20% (T2) and 25% (T3) crude protein. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer was used for the analysis of whole-body elemental concentrations in relation to fish size under the influence of va...
Noor-us-Sabah1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Luqman2, Amir Aziz1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Muhammad Aftab3
...k is naturally occurring cheaper mean of phosphorus (P) availability but having drawback of poor solubility. Pakistan is a resource poor country. Economy of Pakistan mainly relies upon agriculture. Phosphorus (P) application (like other essential nutrients) is compulsory for getting higher yield. But availability of P is compromised in those soils having high pH and high calcium content. As at higher pH, conversion of P to plant unavailable forms take place. C...
Preparation and Evaluation of Cattle Feed by Ensiling Wet Rice Straw, Market Fish Waste and Molasses
Avijite Sarker, Sharmeen Islam, S.M. Ariful Islam, Md. Rokibul Islam Khan*, Md Mukhlesur Rahman
...ch provides farmers with cheap and environmentally friendly cattle feed.
Keywords | Environmental pollution, Silage, Metabolizable energy, Organic matter digestibility, Physical properties
...
Amal Ramadan Fawy1, Hussein Yousef Ahmed2, El-Sayed S.E. Shabana3, Mohamed Abdelfattah Maky4*
..., with group A being the cheapest while the group D being the most costly. Proximate and quality analysis were conducted. Group D of Egyptian beef burger had a greater protein than other groups as well as being the best in terms of quality. Furthermore, six beef burger formulations with different amounts of beef fat and vegetable oils were prepared and stored at 4 ± 1°C for 21 days. Analysis of samples showed that fat content was significantly lower...
Sidrah Ashfaq1, Muhammad Nadeem1*, Muhammad Yamin1, Talha Afzal1, Muhammad Waqar Akram1, Rabia Anam1 and Ali Mehboob2
...rds alternate renewable, cheap and environment-friendly resources that can provide long-term sustainability for survival. Due to the fossil fuels depletion and their ever-growing cost, the need to shift focus towards renewable energy resources has increased a lot. To overcome the above-said problems, there is a need to look for a feasible and robust solution for thermal applications in remote areas. Biomass gasification proved to be one of the most efficient a...
Andi Hiroyuki1,2,*, Refina Sastya Qomariyuti1, Najmah Nur Islami3, Vanessa Ayu Sumirat4, Neni Anggraeni5, Mas Rizky A.A Syamsunarno2,6
...oringa seed oil which is cheaper and easier to find than fish oil. Omega 3 and 6 can increase dietary palatability thereby increasing feed intake which helps increase body weight which is correlated with organ weight. Based on this, a study was conducted that aims to compare the effect of Moringa seed oil and fish oil on organ weight and blood hematological profiles of mice. The study used 24 male mice of the DDY strain which were divided into three groups, na...
Hossam Mahrous Ebeid1, Ahmed Abdelkader Aboamer1*, Amgad Ahmed Abu Elella2, Ibrahim Mohamed Khattab3, Osama Hefny Matloup1, Fatma Ibrahim Hadhoud1
...s a feed supplement or a cheaper protein feed ingredient. This study aimed to: (1) assess the ruminal degradation features of machine-dehulled moringa seed cake (DMSC); and (2) examine the effect of supplementing lactating Damascus goats’ diets with DMSC on milk production. Three cannulated rams (50.60± 3.05 kg, body weight) were used to assess the ruminal degradability of DM, NDF, and ADF for DMSC using in sacco technique. Fifteen lactating Damas...
Pharaoh C. Sianangama1*, Brian Tembo2, Sylvia J. Harrison1, Rubaijaniza Abigaba1,3
...te the Punyakoti test, a cheap and simple pregnancy diagnostic tool, for application in dairy cattle especially among smallholder farmers. The study involved four treatment groups: distilled water (DW), urine from artificially inseminated cows (AIC), non-inseminated cows (non-AIC), and non-inseminated heifers (non-AIH). Free-catch urine samples, from 18 randomly selected dairy animals, were collected on day 15, 22, 30, and 35 after insemination and used at a d...
Mochamad Rizal Umami1, Zainuri*2, Sebastiana Viphindrartin2 and Rafael Purtomo Somaji2
...(sugar factories) due to cheaper information costs borne by sugarcane farmers....
Ghulam Akbar1*, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Amer Jamil1 and Faiz Ahmad Joyia2
...ic drug is comparatively cheap as compared to all other fibrinolytic drugs. It is the drug of choice in all low income nations and developing countries. The mortality rate with cardiovascular diseases is 85% in less developed countries and 75% prevalence is in women. The wild and mutant strains of Streptococcus mutans were used for this trace element optimization study. There are some salts like KH2PO4, K2HPO4, NaHCO3, CaCO3, CH3COONa.3H2O and FeSO4. 7H2O have...
Abdirahman Barre*, Karanja D Njuguna, Bebora Lilly Caroline and George Chege Gitao
...eening test, since it is cheap, quick, and easy to carry-out. The other three can be used to establish respective antibody titres. The organs condemned at inspections are due to inflammatory processes that can be associated with brucellosis or other zoonotic diseases. Standard biosecurity measures at slaughterhouses and farms be enhanced the control and prevention of Brucella infection to animals and human....
AISHA, MUHAMMAD ASAM RAZA* AND UMME FARWA
... three-step method using cheaper reagents. The compounds were characterized by employing different spectroscopic techniques and subjected to biological evaluation. In vitro model was used for enzyme inhibition activity through spectrophotometer and suggested that compounds may be helpful in the medicinal field. Compound 2 exhibits more inhibition against BChE (67.7%) while compound 1 showed maximum inhibition of α-glucosidase (65.1%). Theoretical study i...
Ferry Lismanto Syaiful1*, Jaswandi Jaswandi2, Mangku Mundana2, Ilham Ilham2, Novirman Jamarun1, Efrizal Efrizal3
... quickly, massively, and cheaper. The object of this study was 40 local buffalo post-AI with the criteria of BCS ≥3 and 2-3 parturition. The research medium used was green bean seeds. Then use urine and water samples. The urine samples used in this study were 120 samples. The dosage uses the ratio of mixing urine and water 1:12 mL, 1:14 mL, and 1:16 mL. The variables of this research are accuracy, sensitivity, and the phases of local buffalo pregnancy. This...
Abd-Alfattah Abd-Alhamid Alderey1, Nabila Elsaid Mahmod El-Kassas1, Eman Said El-Hadad1*, Manal Hamdy Gomaa1, Eman Ashour Hussein2
...try to find suitable and cheap alternatives to replace traditional feed ingredients, which are also food items for humans. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporation of sieved olive pulp (SOP) treated with Econase (E), dry yeast (DY), or both on productive performance of laying hens. Total of 147 Mandarah laying hens (28-week old) were assigned to seven groups. The first group was fed a control diet, while six treatment groups were fed diets cont...
Nauman Jamil Khan1, Rabia Tariq2, Hina Saleem2 and Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq2*
...ophotometric methods are cheap, easy to handle and more precise to quantify sodium in food contents.
... 
