Dachuan Cheng1,2, Md Mahbubul Hassan3, Zhenhua Ma1, 2, 3,*, Qibin Yang1 and Jian G. Qin3
...34 mm (18 DPH). The head skeleton formation completed at 22.35 ± 2.26 mm (31 DPH). The axial skeleton development started with the formation of neural arches at 3.64 ± 0.07 mm (10 DPH) and ossification of axial skeleton completed at 11.01 ± 0.88 mm (24 DPH). The fins developed sequentially and the ossification of fins completed at 30.57 ± 2.44 mm (36 DPH). A tot...
Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1,*, Shagufta Andleeb2, Maha Tahir1, Beenish Zahid1 and Madeeha Arshad1
...howed mostly un-ossified skeletons. The control mice showed normal ossification as compared to experimental groups. Morphological, histological and skeletal studies of fetuses treated cadmium chloride along with guava fruit extract revealed ameliorative effects on various kinds of birth defects. It is concluded based on this current study that guava fruit extract exerted a therapeutic effect on developmental anomalies induced by cadmium exposure in prenatal mi...
Nedžad Hadžiomerović1*, Ozan Gündemir2, Senad Kovačević1
...lower part of the facial skeleton has a unique morphological characteristic and importance for the taxonomy. This study aimed to investigate size and shape differences of the mandible of the red fox and golden jackal. The research included 17 adult red fox and golden jackal mandibles from B&H. The morphometric analysis was performed on the 11 measurements and geometric analysis evaluates shape variation between two species with ten landmarks. The study rev...
Heavy metals (HMs) are harmful and lethal at negligible levels and non-biodegradable in the typical ecosystem and constitutes animal, human and environmental hazards. They are divided into toxic metals like Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, etc. and essential elements like copper, zinc, manganese, iron, nickel and chromium. Additionally, could be categorized into two groups based on the natural and anthropogenic sources releasing origins. Population and industrial expansion led to food contamination with HMs. Poisonous metals can be transferred from irrigation water to agricultural soils, agricultural operations, air pollution, animal feed, and packaging materials. Toxic metals are non-biodegradable, non-thermos degradable, and exceedingly stable in the ecosystem; as a result, they quickly build in various foods. Metal pollution of many foods, including agricultural commodities, and animal protein sources such as fish, milk, meat, and eggs, poses a hazard to food safety and security. Toxic metal pollution of irrigation water, agricultural soils, plants, and animals result in their integration into the food chain, posing a health hazard to humans. Most metals are harmful to animals and humans and accumulate in several organs like the skeleton, hepatic tissue, spleen, and renal tissues. Metals have a deleterious impact on the production of plants and animals. As a result, several remediation strategies have become necessary to limit the hazardous HMs pathway into the food chain and the human body. Metal nanoparticles are employed in beneficial applications, although they are associated with specific hazards.
Keywords | Food contamination, Heavy metals, Nanoparticles, Pollution sources, Remedy, Soil contamination
... several organs like the skeleton, hepatic tissue, spleen, and renal tissues. Metals have a deleterious impact on the production of plants and animals. As a result, several remediation strategies have become necessary to limit the hazardous HMs pathway into the food chain and the human body. Metal nanoparticles are employed in beneficial applications, although they are associated with specific hazards.
Keywords | Food contaminati...
Jie Wang1, Di Fang1, Jianqing Zhao1, Fei Huang2, Bo Liu2, Weikun Tao2, Baoshan Cui2 and Qinghua Gao1,2,3*
... Regulation of actin cytoskeleton “and VEGF signaling pathway”. To conclude, these RNA-Seq results confirmed the differential expression of several genes in embryos of different genders during embryonic development. These DEGs partcipate in the transcriptional regulation of bovine embryonic development of different genders....
Peter Amuguni Mbato*, Wanzila Usyu Mutinda, Noah Kipkoech Maritim, Nicholas Edwin Odongo
...s less pressure on their skeleton. Treatment D birds had severe foot pad lesions (P < 0.05) compared to the other treatments at weeks 6, 7 and 8 and the severity decreased with increasing duration of FRPS. Complete confinement treatment was significantly associated with bacterial infection (RR = 3) at week 8. These results show that broilers in FRPS had significantly lower body weight and fewer foot pad lesions, reducing bacterial infection and antibiotic u...
Yunilas1*, Muheri Indra Aja Nasution2, Edhy Mirwandhono1, Adi Fathul Qohar3
...n is found in the BSF exoskeleton which is bound to proteins, minerals, and pigments, so it is necessary to do processing to reduce the chitin content first by fermentation using organic acids. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of using organic acids (propionic acid and formic acid) and various fermentation times in reducing the BSFP chitin content. Completely Randomized Design (CRD), factorial 3 x 3 with three replications. Factor I was vari...
SYED SHAHID IMRAN BUKHARI1*, IQRA AZAM1, MUDDASIR HASSAN ABBASI1, MEERAB DAUD1, NADEEM SHEIKH2, ANDLEEB BATOOL3, RABIA MAHMOOD2 & MARYAM MUKHTAR2
...mpound with heterocyclic skeleton; it has been the routine part of all bakery products such as pizza, biscuits and cakes etc. Swiss albino mice of six weeks were divided into control group and experimental group. Experimental group was administered with Alloxan monohydrate (200 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and then livers were extracted after 3, 6 and 12 hours. All the samples were processed for gel run and thermo cycler program, which revealed alterations in the ...
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Iqbal Ahmad
...ing network of viens and skeleton of leaves intact. It causes more than 90% leaf stitching when severe.
The moths from hibernating pupae emerge during March and copulate 10-20 hours after emergence. The duration of mating varies from 25 minutes to 8 hours. The moths start laying eggs 12 hours after mating. A single female on an average lays 163.5 eggs with a range of 71 to 264 eggs per female. The oviposition period varied from 3-5 days. Incubation p...
The moths from hibernating pupae emerge during March and copulate 10-20 hours after emergence. The duration of mating varies from 25 minutes to 8 hours. The moths start laying eggs 12 hours after mating. A single female on an average lays 163.5 eggs with a range of 71 to 264 eggs per female. The oviposition period varied from 3-5 days. Incubation p...
Awang Hazmi Awang-Junaidi1, Yeoh Boon Nie2, Siew Te Wong2, Nur Nabila Sarkawi3, Wafeq Mu’izzadin Khairul Anuar1, Siti Mariam Zainal Ariffin1*
...ailed examination of the skeleton remains of one adult male captive Bornean sun bear obtained from the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre (BSBCC), Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia, specifically for DJD lesions. The examination revealed osteoarthritis in multiple sites of the appendicular joint, including the hip joint, stifle joint, elbow joint, and carpal joint, with bilateral involvement. Spondylosis deformans was observed in the cervical and thoracic vertebrae. ...
