Sayeda Sarah and Muhammad Ibrar
...phate (RP) fertilizer on spores density and percent root colonization of selected sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in P-deficient soil. It was observed that spore density and AMF root colonization was higher in the soil of control (RP0) plants, which decreases progressively with increasing fertility level. Less number of spores and percent root colonization was found at high RP lev...
Sadiq Hussain, Muhammad Sharif, Sarmad Khan, Fazli Wahid, Hina Nihar, Wiqar Ahmad, Imran Khan, Nadeem Haider and Tabassum Yaseen
...out inoculation. Maximum spores density of 58 and 46 were recorded by mycorrhiza inoculation with half and full level of vermicompost, while root colonization of 57.8% and 46% were maximum by the treatment of mycorrhiza inculcation with vermicompost. Results suggested that inoculation of mycorrhiza with vermicompost at half as well as full dose has potential to improve yield, yield component and nutrients uptake of wheat under prevailing soil and environmental...
Someshwar Bhagat and Sitansu Pan
Comparative ecological behaviour of some pre- and post-tsunami isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride from Andaman & Nicobar Islands
...Trichoderma. The chlamydospore inoculum was found best in percentage colonization of sclerotia of boh R. solani and S. rolfsii, followed by mycelial and conidial inoculum. The isolate ThrAN-5 (T. harzianum) was most efficient in parasitizing the sclerotia of S. rolfsii and R. solani, followed by TvAN-3, TvAN-5 and ThrAN-7 (Pre-Tsunami isolates), whereas there was significant reduction in their parasitizing ability of post-Tsunami isolates. Similar results were...
Rabia Faiz and Dilara A. Bukhari*
Wasim Javaid1, Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Farah Naz2 and Muhammad Usman Raja2
...imes;107 and 1×108 spores/ml in stored chickpea grains. Highest mortality (90%) of PB was observed in 72 hours through application of 1×108spores/ml of M. anisopliae compared to B. bassiana with 60% mortality. On 24 hours of exposure, minimum mortality (4%) in PB was recorded in grains treated with 1×106 spores/ml of B. bassiana. In M. anisopliae, the concentrations of 1&...
Dilara A. Bukhari1,*, Naureen Fatima1 and Abdul Rehman2
...oassays with B.t. spores proved that seven B.t. isolates harboring cry11 gene (viz., NF B.t.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7) were toxic to 3rd instar larvae of mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Among seven B.t. isolates, three isolates NF5 B.t. 7.2, NF1 B.t. 1.1 and NF2 B.t. 4.2 were found most toxic which were isolated from moist soil containing decaying cattle waste, dry waste animal dung and leaf litter...
Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Sidra Mushtaq1, Muhammad Tariq Malik2, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Shoaib Fareed3, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4
...he carrier of the fungal spores and produce tunnels in the bark of the trees. Since, many extensive filed surveys of forests, avenues, road sides and canal banks has been made to calculate the total losses and mortality of the sheesham trees in Indian sub-continent. Up-till now billions of shisham trees have been destroyed because of decline or dieback disease but unluckily there is no suitable solution against this disease. There is a need to develop the resi...
Faiza Jabeen1,*, Bushra Muneer2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3
... positive and formed endospores. The isolates were able to utilize sugars like fructose, Maltose, mannose, xylose, sacchorose, sorbitol, mannitol, Arabinose and polysaccharides like gelatin and starch. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that both isolates belong to the same specie Anoxybacillus rupiensis with 99% similarity under Accession number KF254911 (JF82) and KC849452 (JF83). The DNA G + C contents were 56.854% and 56...
Zubaria Malik, Zahir Shah* and Muhammad Tariq
...ing and analyzed for AMF spores. The results showed that neither root colonization of AMF in wheat and maize nor AMF spores density in soil were significantly (P<0.05) affected by cropping systems in any year. The average AMF spores in soil ranged from 45.1 to 39.8 per 20 g soil in wheat phase and 41.2 to 37.0 per 20 g soil in maize phase suggesting no considerable variation with season...
Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Asma Ashraf 2*, Iram Liaqat2, Bushra Mazhar2, Shaukat Ali2 and Saiqa Andleeb3
...rsquo;s staining and Endospore staining. Identification of pathogenic bacterial isolates was confirmed by growing on selective medium. Antibacterial activity of different compounds was observed against the pathogenic bacterial isolates. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test of different kinds of honey was performed against the isolated bacterial pathogens. The antibacterial activity of leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem Plant) was also...
Shagufta Naz1, Ayesha Javed1, Ayesha Saleem1, Khadija Murtaza1, Rukhama Haq1, Akbar Hayat2 and Neelma Munir1,*
...microorganisms and their spores in foods. In recent study garlic samples were treated with three different doses of gamma radiation such as 0.5, 1 and 2 kGy. Effects of gamma radiation were analyzed for different aspects like microflora, moisture, fat, ash, fiber, phenolic content, sprouting inhibition, physiological weight loss, pyruvate analysis and sugar contents. Gamma radiation affected these parameters at higher doses but at 0.5 kGy no significant change...
Muhammad Zeeshan Nazar*, Ayyan Umer, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar, Faiz Ullah Faiz and Sikandar Hussain
...ed with B. thuringiensis spores with flaccid body and haemolymph liquid impelled leading to mortality. Provide the required temperature and humidity with appropriate hygienic condition to B. mori are advised to produce healthy silk. ...
Muhammad Riaz1*, Naureen Akhtar1, Salik Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Shakeel1,2 and Ateeq Tahir1
Neocosmospora rubicola: An Unrecorded Pathogen from Pakistan Causing Potato Stem Rot
...ficially inoculating the spores of pathogen in healthy plants. Appearance of same symptoms and re-isolation of N. rubicola from infected tissue confirmed Koch’s pathogenicity postulates. Association of N. rubicola causing stem rot in potato is never reported before in Pakistan....
Tabassum Yaseen1*, Shehzad Ahmad1, Khushnood Ur Rehman2, Fayaz Asad1, Abdul Waheed1, Rani Gul3, Hussain Gulab4 and Naveed Akhtar2
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Spore Density and Root Colonization in Weeds of Carrot field at Charsadda, Pakistan
...rded results the highest spore density was found in Melilotus indica having spore number 276 which is followed by Malva neglecta and Sonchus asper having spore number 244, 214 respectively. The lowest spore density was recorded in Pao annua having spore number 35. The maximum Glomus density was found in Melilotus indic...
Ye Ge1, Chunmiao Zhao1, Weitian Xie2, Ying Liu2,* and Chunhou Xu1,*
.... subtilis) produces spores, and Rhamnose lactobacillus produces lactic acid. In this study, to obtain functional bacteria with lactic acid and lactobacilli and simultaneously producing spores and digestive enzymes, we produced the protoplast as the parent strain of B. subtilis and Rhamnose lactobacillus and analyzed the production rate of spores, the ability to re...
Madiha Nawaz and Shoaib Freed
....54×108 spores/ml), (3.26×108, 5.08×108 spores/ml) and (6.22×108, 7.20×108 spores/ml) with LT50 (6.43, 4.80), (5.43, 6.74) and (6.66, 6.69) days at highest concentrations. Amongst all isolates, B. bassiana isolate Bb-08 was highly efficient against cotton mealybug with highest percent mor...
Esraa Yosry Abdel Halim1, Hamdy El-Essawy1, Abeer Abdel Nasser Awad1, Mona S. El-Kutry2, Lamiaa Ibrahim Ahmed1*
...rence (p=0.408). Aerobic spore formers were recovered from in 50%, 66.67% and 86.67% of the tested samples with a significant difference between the mean count of milk powder and that of labneh and cheddar cheese (P> 0.05). 66.67% of milk powder samples were contaminated with coliforms, followed by cheddar cheese (43.33%) and labneh (23.33%), E. coli could be isolated from milk powder samples, while Salmonella species couldn’t be detected in any of th...
Noura El-Shahat Attia1*, Abd El-Khalek Ramadan El-Sheikh1, Mohamed Omia Siam2
... the detection of fungal spores or mites. Blood samples were taken for hematological analysis, along with taking serum samples for biochemical analysis. Rectal temperature, heart, and respiration rates were not significantly differed between the two groups. Packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrothetic count (TEC), white blood cells (WBCs), serum glucose, total proteins and serum Zn were significantly decreased. Moreover, while copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) were s...
Mirza Lena1,2, Dinda Fathia Syahramadani2, Alfi Nurrachma Gustya2, Arif Darmawan2,3, Sumiati2, Wiwin Winarsih4, Minoru Maeda5, Komang Gede Wiryawan2*
...g, T3 = B. licheniformis spore at 108 CFU/g, T4 = combination of L. lactis at 108 CFU/g and B. licheniformis spore at 108 CFU/g, T5 = B. subtilis spore at 108 CFU/g, and T6 = B. amyloliquefaciens spore at 109 CFU/g. At the pre-starter, the dietary combination T4 yielded lower (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratios compared to the T6 group. Broilers fed L. ...
Nzube Thaddeus Egboka1*, Olajire Fagbola2, Ugochukwu Nnamdi Nkwopara1, Nnaemeka Henry Okoli1, Akaninyene Isaiah Afangide1 and Tochukwu Victor Nwosu3
...oil depths, however, AMF spore density decreased significantly with depth in Ibadan, with mean values of 54±6, 45±3 and 39±5 spores 100 g-1 soil at the 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm, respectively. In Ikwuano, there was no significant differences among means, and mean spore densities were more abundant at the 15–30 cm depth (67±2
Tiyyabah Khan1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1*, Muhammad Rizwan Khan1, Muhammad Umer1, Adnan Akhter1 and Waseem Akram2
... T. castaneum along with spores of Aspergillus flavus or A. parasiticus. The results revealed that all the tested insecticides proved to be more toxic against C. ferrugineus as compared to T. castaneum. C. ferrugineus showed complete mortality at the highest concentrations of spinosad (1 ppm) and thiamethoxam (4 ppm), while >95% mortality was recorded at the highest concentrations of imidacloprid (4 ppm) and indoxacarb (4 ppm). In the case of T. castaneum, ...
A. Beyan1, A. Seid†2 and H. Shifa1
...ml FOL suspension (1x106 spores per milliliter) per pot around the root rhizosphere one week after transplanting except the control which was not inoculated. The result revealed that concomitant inoculation of MJ and FOL (NF) followed by MJ first and FOL ten days after inoculation (N1F2) was found to be highly significant in reducing the tomato growth, biomass and pathogen related parameters compared to the un-inoculated control or single pathogen inoculated t...
D. A. Darban†, S. R. Gowen and B. Pembroke
...with of P. penetrans endospores, release and dispersal in the soil. Three time intervals, of
one week, two weeks and three weeks were allowed to observe the degradation of infected female cadavers and the
dispersal of released endospores. The hypothesis of this experiment was that, the spores of P. penetrans contained in
M. javanica females that have bee...
D. A. Darban1†, S. R. Gowen1, B. Pembroke1 and F. Hussain2
...ficant difference in endospore production in root systems of the one
female and ten females treatments and increased exponentially with the number of females over all the crop cycles.
Infected females (%) increased and found significantly higher in the ten females treatment. The soil bioassay after
first harvest showed few juveniles encumbered with an average of 1-5 spores and the number o...
N. Hajra, F. Shahina1, †, K. Firoza1 and R. Maria
...3. VAM fungi
spores were seen in cortical as well as in pith region of root in T3.
...
D.A. Darban†, S.R. Gowen, B. Pembroke, F. Hussain1 and R.A. Memon2
... took to degrade and for spores to be released from the cadavers into the soil. Regression analysis was
carried out to compare the degradation of P. penetrans infected females cadavers in different time intervals over two
crop cycles. There were highly significant decreases in the total number of egg-masses per plant between the 3
weeks and other treatments. Infected females (%) over both crop cy...
A.A. Mokbel
...adherent
endospores on J2 cuticle were ranged 3.6-9.4 and 6.2-11.4 endospore/J2 in the 1st and 2nd season, respectively. High
Pp concentrations resulted in the highest numbers of adherent endospores.
...
Nadia Jabeen1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1*, Rehana Naz Syed1, Muhammad Ali Khanzada2 and Alia Gul3
...thod using Mega 6.0. The spore was smaller as compared to Marasmiellus scandens (6.2-8.7 µm). The newly described species i.e., Marasmiellus agrianum N. Jabeen and M. Lodhi differs from other species based on the molecular study as well with few morphological characteristics; size, color, shape, and texture of pileus, and stipe, and the molecular characterization reveals that the species was placed at a new place in the phylogenetic tree, compared with t...
Saddam Hussein Mahmoud* and Shaimaa Nabhan Yassein
...ease production, Chlamydospore formation, and chromogenic medium. Hemolysis, phospholipase activities, and biofilm formation were among the virulence tested factors. Hemolysis and phospholipase activities were detected in 76.2% and 83.33% of C. albicans isolates, respectively, while biofilm formation was detected in 100% of C. albicans isolates. The diagnosis was confirmed using 25 of the most virulent C. albicans isolates, by polymers chains reaction (PCR) to...
Xu Yun-Ming1*, Sun Zhi-Yuan1, Yang Jian-Bo1, Bian Rong-Rong2, Ren Hong-Lin3, Zhong Si-Yuan1, Cai Yu-Hong1, Peng Jing1 and Bao Hua-Xia1
... intestines. Its special spore structure easily causes foodborne infection to humans or animals. In order to monitor and prevent the spread of B. cereus, a rapid and sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay has been developed to detect it in uniformly items. According to the entFM gene of B. cereus, four primers were designed, and reaction components and conditions optimized. Sensitivity was compared between optimized LAMP assay and the conventio...
Bdour Muhammed Al-Shweily1*, Jawad Bulbul Al-Zaidawi2, Muhammed Jubair Hanawi1
...ecifically 20×10^6 spore/mL, in combination with 100 infective juveniles/mL of nematodes (resulting in an 83.33% mortality rate for larvae and 80% mortality rate for pupae). Remarkably, the mortality rate of the treated larvae surpassed that of the treated pupae at identical concentrations of fungi and nematodes, implying that larvae exhibit greater sensitivity and responsiveness to biological control measures compared to pupae, which benefit from partia...
Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1, Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi1*, Hassan Abd- El-Khair2, Usama S. Elkelany1, Mahfouz M.M. Abd-Elgawad1 and Mona G. Dawood3
...ity of aerobic bacteria, spore-forming bacteria and fungi and frequency% of fungi in potato rhizosphere varied among different treatments....
Sidra Hafeez1, Tayyaba Sanaullah2, Hafsa Naeem3, Mah Noor Hassan4, Muttalib5, Farhana Kausar6, Muhammad Salman Hameed7*, Muhammad Anayat Ullah8, Abdul Samad9, Memoona Bashir10 and Sadaf Shabbir11
...h pattern, growth color, spores shape, spores color, hyphal septation. For the confirmation of Koch’s postulates, the pathogenicity test was performed. CTAB method and Internal Transcribed Spacer region were applied to isolate and amplify the fungal genomic DNA respectively, by using universal primers ITS1/ITS4. The analysis of polygenetic of an amplified product revealed that black rot caused by D. bryoniae in pumpkin...
Rahmat Elahi1, Gulnaz Parveen1*, Nazara1, Faryal Ali2, Nain Tara3 and Saba Iqbal1
...lotter test method, only spores and mycelium of seed-borne fungi were detected, that was further confirmed by the agar plate method revealed the presence of eight different types of fungal colonies in maize varieties, each with varying percentages. Like Trichoderma harzianum colonies accounted for 3.33% of the treated seeds and 13.33% of the untreated seeds. Similarly, Penicillium spp. infection% 13.32% of untreated seeds and Aspergillus niger accounted for 13...
Daniel Offiong Etim1*, Idorenyin Asukwo Udo2, Rosemary Anietie Bassey1, Victoria Barrong Ogar1 and Etim John Umana1
..., 2.40 x 107, 1.85 x 107 spores/ml and T. harzianum at 2.40 x107, 1.40 x 107, 1.10 x 107 and 9.0 x 106 spores/ml were applied singly, in combination with poultry manure at 10, 15 and 20 t/ha. The obtained results showed highly susceptibility of okra to M. incognita with Gall index (G.I = 5.00) with no poultry manure amendment or Trichoderma infestation. Increase in poultry manure rates and spore
S.Y.M. Mahmoud1 and M. Hashem2
...the thick-walled resting spores of P. betae. as well as by root vortexing in virus inoculum containing carborundum. The virus is not adsorbed to the exterior of the fungal vector but is internalized. Our results indicated that BNYVV is a widespread in sugar beet in Kafr EI-Sheikh Governorate. thus, precaution methods must be taken for reducing virus transmitting to other free-virus regions. ...
Uqba Mehmood
...ation. The hydrolysis of spore proteins to free amino acids, is accomplished by proteases, in first 20 minutes of spore germination. The analysis of Spo mutants (strains which lack Sporulation (Spo) gene or have its inactive form) revealed that many of these strains did not produce extracellular proteases. Some evidence for the involvement of serine proteases in sporulation has been provided by inhibitor studies. Nevertheles...
MUHAMMAD SHRAFAT ALI1, UZMA HAMEED2* & IKRAM-UL-HAQ3
Shishir Sharma1*, Suk Bahadur Gurung2, Ritesh Kumar Yadav1, Bibek Phulara1 and Laxmi Prasad Joshi1
...le PC4 with sporulation (spores/ml). Inbred lines were divided into three groups using cluster analysis, with 27 inbred lines being placed in cluster II. The mean values of the disease parameter were found to be the lowest in Cluster II, while the grain yield was the greatest. Cluster analysis showed the highest inter-cluster distance between cluster II and cluster III (4.19) and the lowest between cluster I and cluster III (2.24). Clusters I and III have the ...
Sanaullah Sattar1, Ali Hussain1,2*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Arshad Javid1 and Shahid Mehmood1
...tile, Gram-negative, non-spore former and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. The corrosive impact of SRB on steel coupons was performed in water as liquid medium and the processed clay as the solid medium without and with the provision of Postgate B medium. After 60 days of anaerobic incubation, corrosion rate (CR) and average percent weight loss (APWL) of the steel pieces were calculated. Higher CR and APWL were observed in...
Tabassum yaseen1*, Muzamil shah1, Khushnood Ur Rehman2 Ali Mujtaba Shah3, Gul
Nawaz1,Rani Gul4
... mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore density in
weeds plants of soil selected from the Tehsil Tangi. The spore density was observed in all
weeds plants in the host growth stage. The maximum arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF)
spore density was found in the Chenopodium album (93.00±74.02) and Scandix iberica
(89.00±92.08) at the vegetat...
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1, Muhammad Afzal1, Liu Yu Feng2,
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Hina Safdar3, Arif Mehmood1, Shahid Iqbal4 and Muhammad Adnan1
...L-1 and 1.22 × 107 spores mL-1, respectively) and LT50 (3.83 and 3.71 days, respectively) values. While flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram exerted most significant lethal and sublethal effects on S. litura with minimum LT50 values (i.e. 19.58, 30.78 and 26.25 h, respectively). Larval development time was significantly prolonged by both half and one-fourth doses of flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole (19.51 and 19.63 days and 17.77 and 17...
Mansoor Montazeri , Mojde Mojaradi , Hamid Rahimian-Mashhadi
Tabassum Yaseen, Muhammad Imran and Muhammad Shakeel
Afza Tabassum, Shad Khan Khalil, Ziaur Rahman , Misbahullah, Madeeha Alamzeb, Sajid Khan and Muhammad Ilyas
Hanif Gul and Abida Hamid
...n the doses of 0.4 x 104 spores / ml 0.6 x 104 spores/ml and 0.8 x 104 spores / ml against all stages of Hadde beetles. The fungus B. bassiana proved to be effective against all the stages except eggs. For grubs among the three doses 60% mortality occurred after 120 hours in the dose of 0.8 x 104 spores / ml while 53% and 33% mortality was recorde...
Hanif Gul, Nighat Mansoor Chaughtai and Rukhsana Kausar
... the
doses of 0.8 x 104 spores/ml, 0.6 x 104 spores/ml in the
study. The data showed that B. bassiana has given a non-
significant result against the pests even after 72 hours
but results were significant after 96 hours upto 168
hours of treatment. The study showed that after
treatment the fungus first established and then caused
the mortality of Poecilocerus pictus within 2-3 days
while in case of B...
Ghazala Nasim
...achoor had many kinds of spores, majority of which were
formed by a Glomus sp....
S. H. Iqbal, Shahbaz and Ghazala Nasim
...mixture of endogonaceous spores formed the
rhizosphere mycoflora....
Syed Ehteshmul Haque and Abdul Ghaffar
...pto 3-4.4 mm, with pycniospores dark,
bicelled, ovoid to elongate, measuring 20-27.5 um x 10-15 um. The fungus was
identified as Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. There does not appear to be any previous
record of B. theobromae Pat, on A. squamosa (KUMH 2179), Aralia sp. (KUMH 2180)
and P. dulce (KUMH 2178) in Fungi of Pakistan (Mirza & Qureshi, 1978) and Fungi of
Karachi (Ghaffar & Kafi, 1968; Ghaffar et al., 1971;...
Pervez Khawaja, I. A. Hafiz and M. I. Chaudhry
...5, 1.6 x105, and 3.2x105 spores per ml
against a natural mortality of 34.4% larvae in the
check. The efficacy of the product has been proved
against this insect hence it can be used on field scale
to control the peat.
...
Yusra Karim1, Munawar Saleem Ahmad1, Javed Khan2, Imtiaz Khan3*, Said Hussain Shah2, Syeda Anika Shamsher4, Imran Qazi5, Habib-Ur-Rehman Kakar6 and Wajih Ullah7
...h for the preparation of spore/crystal mixtures at various concentrations. The larvae of S. litura and H. armigera were reared in a laboratory under control. Following tests, the LC50 (96-hours) of the CRY1F protein-crystal mixture against lepidoptera pests was determined to be 158.37 µg/ml for S. litura and 170.73 µg/ml for H. armigera. The endotoxin mixes of CRY1F exhibit considerable potency, causing 100% mortality in S. litura with ...
Sanaullah Sattar1, Ali Hussain2*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Arshad Javid1 and Shahid Mehmood1
...tile, Gram-negative, non-spore former and identified as Desulfovibrio vulgaris after 18 S rRNA gene sequencing. The corrosive action of the bacteria was assessed in a 60-day trial of anaerobic incubation. After an incubation period of 60 days, it was found that CR was significantly higher for the coupons that were dipped in inoculated media. For these coupons, the average CR appeared as 210 ± 17 µg dm−2 d−1. However, CR was significant...
Muhammad Mushtaq1, Ihsan Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Shuaib5*, Naila Chand1, Abubakar Sufyan3, Muqader Shah2, Ziaul Islam4, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Aamir Khan5, Qudrat Ullah2 and Usman Zeb6
...ol), group B (4×106spore @0.01 ml/L), group C (8×106 spore@0.02 ml/L) and group D (12×106spore@0.03 ml/L). Each group consisted of 3 replicates (n=10/replicate). The results revealed that water-supplemented B. clausii had no effect on daily feed intake in broiler chicks. However, higher (p<0.05) weight gain and improved FCR were found with the hig...
Nounagnon Darius Tossavi1,2*, Mariette Sindété3, Nike Fumilayo Aladetohun4, Marie-Line Escande5, Adam Gbankoto3
...cal effects due to a myxosporean parasite infecting ABO in Clarias gariepinus. To achieve this goal, a total of 339 C. gariepinus was investigated for myxosporean infection. Fish sex, size and weight were recorded and light and electron microscopes were used to identify the parasite and to enlighten the physiological impacts. The prevalence was accessed as a function of fish size and climatic seasons. Water physicochemical p...
Shahbaz Ahmad1*, Mubashar Iqbal1, Arshad Javaid2, Muhammad Bilal Chattha3, Muhammad Ashfaq4, Tajamal Hussain5 and Sumra Ashraf1
... assessed. Five conidial/spore concentrations (1×105, 1×106, 1×107, 1×108, and 1×109 conidia mL-1) of each EPF were prepared in different concentrations of essential oils (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35%) in tween-20. The virulence and mortality of each strain was estimated after 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days. Result revealed that up to 87% of M. pinghaense, 90% of I. javanica, 84% of I. fumosorosea, 87% of L. attenuatum, 95% of M. anisop...
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Determination of Biologically Active Compounds in Methanolic Extract of Flowers of Senna alata through GC-MS Analysis
Malik F.H. Ferdosi, Arshad Javaid, Muhammad Samiullah, Zeeshan Mutahir and Tajamal Hussain
Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, Vol.30, Iss. 4, Pages 185-190
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Evaluating the Efficacy of Different Herbicides Combinations on Wheat Yield and Weed Density
Muhammad Shahbaz, Muhammad Bilal Chattha, Hasnat Babar, Shahbaz Ahmad, Humaira Kalsoom, Tayyaba Manzoor, Abdul Rauf, Ahmad Nawaz, Muhammad Tariq Chaudhry and Ishtiaq Hassan
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Plant-Derived Oils Enhance the Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Controlling Melon Fruit Fly Maggots
Shahbaz Ahmad, Mubashar Iqbal, Arshad Javaid, Muhammad Bilal Chattha, Muhammad Ashfaq, Tajamal Hussain and Sumra Ashraf
Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, Vol.30, Iss. 4, Pages 162-177
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