Qingzhong Yu
...ent protein (GFP) gene upstream from the GE sequences of the viral genes and subsequent quantitative measurements of the GFP fluorescence intensity, we have concluded that the P and M junction region is the optimal insertion site for a high level of foreign gene expression by a NDV vector....
Elly Vintiadis
...he natural world and mainstream theistic belief are at ease with each other. It is a main contention of the book that the question of the conflict between science and religion is ill-posed because, properly understood, theism incorporates science since it too, just like science, requires people to seek the truth and to think critically. In order to go about showing why this
is so, Steane embarks on showing what theism is an...
is so, Steane embarks on showing what theism is an...
Hazrat Ali1,*, Wajid Ali1, Karim Ullah1, Fazle Akbar1, Sher Ahrar1, Irfan Ullah1, Irum Ahmad1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Ikram Ilahi2 and Muhammad Anwar Sajad3
...ficant increase down the stream. Similarly, a comparison of metal concentrations in muscles of the two species generally did not show significant differences between the two species. Zn concentrations in fish muscles were higher than Cu concentrations in all cases. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values for Cu were in the order of kidneys > muscles > liver > gills > skin while for Zn the order was skin > kidneys > liver > gills > muscles.<...
Fang Wang, Yong-Fang Jia, Po Wang, Qi-Yan Du and Zhong-Jie Chang*
...ut also the changes of upstream genes in sex differentiation. So, LET can be used as a reagent to control the sex differentiation of carp, but also can be used to disturb gonad differentiation, and then to reveal the molecular mechanism....
Saba Manzoor1,*, Ali Raza Awan1, Abdul Wajid1, Sehrish Firyal1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Muhammad Mansha2, Asim Khalid Mahmood3, Abu Saeed Hashmi1 and Muhammad Wasim1,*
...n factor affects the downstream targets to achieve the goal remains unanswered. Therefore, further research is desperately needed to understand the mechanism of tumor pathogenesis in animals in order to identify the molecular targets for proper cure of this ailment.
...
Quang Minh Dinh
...y was carried out at downstream of Hau River in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam to provide fundamental information on the population biology of T. vagina based on length-frequency distribution analysis of 1,527 individuals. The male to female T. vagina ratio was not significantly different within and between seasons, and the parameters of the von Bertalanffy curve of this fish were given as L∞= 24.15 cm, K = 0.53 yr-...
RuiHua Zhang, YongFang Jia, TingTing Liang, QianWen Yang, QiYan Du and ZhongJie Chang*
...ted within the 2000 bp upstream of the 5’ end of these genes. These TFs include BSX, BRN4 and NGN–NEUROD, which have been shown to be involved in the early stages of neuronal determination and neurogenesis in vertebrates. Tissue distribution analyses by Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that CcSoxD genes were abundant in the brain, showed sexual dimorphism, and were inconsistently expressed during embryogenesis. These results ...
Raja Zoq-ul-Arfeen*, Aamir Saleem*, Sarwat Naz Mirza*, Muhammad Akmal**, Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab* and Obaid Afzal***
BIODIVERSITY AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM RIPARIAN AREAS OF PAKISTAN: SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TAUNSA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY AND KETI SHAH FORESTS
...s. The biodiversity in upstream and downstream areas were rich in pre-monsoon season in comparison to post-monsoon season in surveyed areas. This study is useful for management of the area in the future as conservation strategies can be made through considering the adaptive tree species in future plantation and endangered species can be conserved....
Yanxiao Meng1, Guihua Wang1, Dongmei Xiong1,*, Haixia Liu1, Xiaolin Liu1, Lixin Wang1 and Jianlu Zhang2
...es in the Amur River and streams of the Qinling Mountains of northern China. There is a debate on the validation of subspecies B. lenok tsinlingensis Li for a long time. Some ichthyologists thought that there should be two species (B. lenok and B. tumensis) in Amur River and a subspecies (B. lenok tsinlingensis) in the Qinling Mountains, while others believed no division of the subspecies. Thus, 169 specimens of Brachymyst...
Jun-Ying Liu, He-He Liu*, Jie Kou, Yang-Mei Zhao, Ji-Wen Wang, Liang Li and Xiao-Hui Du
...TLR4, and the downstream molecular response in the immune system may contribute more to the TLR4 signaling cascade.
... 
Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Irshad Khan Abbasi2, Muhammad Tariq2, Jawad Ali3, Melad Karim4 and Rizwan Ahmad1
...e flow discharges of the stream during summer months was much higher with peak in June. The snow/glacier melt increases with air temperature from 12.5 C onwards and at 20C onwards it gets exponential rate. From the results it transpires that the effect of global warming in Himalaya and Karakorum Mountains has already set in. Any further increase in global temperature as predicted in many studies will further increase glacier melt rate which could result in ext...
Environmental Determinants of Zooplankton Community in the Damietta Estuary of the Nile River, Egypt
Wael S. El-Tohamy1,*, Russell R. Hopcroft2 and Nagwa E.M. Abdel Aziz3
... zone in the estuary downstream was dominated by the calanoid paracalanidae and the harpacticoid Euterpina acutifrons. In the lower salinity transects, the tintinnid Favella serrata dominated the estuary midstream, together with several rotifer species in the estuary upstream. The juvenile copepods and the cyclopoid Oithona spp. together with the numerically dominant p...
Guifen Liu1,2, Xiaomu Liu1,2, Khuram Shahzad3, Wei You1,2, Juan J. Loor3,* and Fachun Wan1,2,4,*
...so was used to analyze upstream transcription regulators and gene networks. Bioinformatics analysis results indicated that 18 months being a key age for alterations in metabolism. The results of IPA analysis revealed that several transcription regulators related to disease, cell growth, proliferation and lipid metabolism, including PPAR, are important during development of the adipose tissue. These data indicate that future research should emphasize the study ...
Saba Irshad*, Aruba Muhammad, Ammara Muazzam, Farah Sarfraz Anmol and Rehman Shahzad
... was present at 158 bp upstream of the Gamma globin gene on chromosome 11 of positive patients (GenBank KY927385). Fetal hemoglobin level in Xmn1 (-/+) and (+/+) was 59.1% and 19% respectively which minimize their transfusion frequency to 30 days in comparison to 7-15 days in Xmn1 -/- patients. Hematological analysis of thalassemic patients revealed low Hb, WBCs and platelets counts in contrast to control. The reported polymorphism was meant to be lowering the...
Hamda Azmat1, Waqas Ali2, Arshad Javid2, Ali Hussain2, Syed Makhdoom Hussain3, Zara Saeed1,Syed Shafiq Hussain Bukhari4
Chromium contamination in water, sediment and its bioaccumulation in Indian major carps in River Chenab, Pakistan
... on monthly basis from upstream and downstream of head Trimmu, river Chenab. Throughout the study period, mmaximum Cr concentrations from upstream and downstream were recorded as 23.54± 3.43 mg/L and 21.12 ± 3.47 mg/L, respectively. Average metal concentration detected from sediment samples was 71.08±8.32 mg/L. Maximum Cr concentrati...
Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1*, Amjad Khan1, Mahmood Alam Khan1, Waqas Ahmad2, Shafiq ur Rehman3, Mohammad Sharif4 and Sajjad Ahmad1
... Indus River basin using stream flow data of major rivers of Pakistan were investigated. Stream flow drought indices (SDI) were used to determine the severity of droughts for the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab and Kabul River at Tarbela, Mangla, Marala and Warsak hydrological stations for the period 1962-2011. A drought spell starting from 1999 and ending in 2002 was observed for all stations and is considered to be the worst drought...
Gangchun Xu1,2, Fukuan Du2, Yuyu Wang2, Yan Li2, Zhijuan Nie2 and Pao Xu1,2,*
...present 14 nucleotides upstream of the poly(A) tail in both the PTGES2aand thePTGES2bgene. The full-length genomic DNA sequence of PTGES2a is 3,222 bp long, and composed of seven exons and six introns. The full-length genomic DNA sequence of PTGES2b is 1,908 bp long, and composed of six exons and five introns. PTGES2a was strongly expressed in the gills and liver while PTGES2b was strongly expressed in the gills and te...
Bei Liu1, Yanli Hong1, Huifang Zhou1,*, Zhenzhen Cao1, Shuang Zhang1, Jing Jin1, Miao Jiang1, Cunsi Shen2 and Jianjian Ji2
...ption factors in the downstream cAMP-PKA signaling pathways in RPC cells were also detected. The secretion and transcription levels of FSH and LH in Cetrorelix group were significantly decreased, while the expression of GnRHR was significantly increased compared to the blank group (p<0.05). Use of CSF with BSZYD alone showed no significant effect on the secretion of RPC, and the expressions of GnRHR and related hub genes in cAMP-PKA pathway. However,...
Dur-E-Shahwar1,2, Riaz Ahmad Sheikh1, Nazia Jamil2*
...r is a major waste water stream of petroleum industry which is produced during petroleum extraction from subsurface in which hydrocarbons are found as a main environmental pollutant. Present study is focused on production of biosurfactants from indigenous bacteria, isolated from produced water and produced water contaminated soil samples collected from three selected sites of Eastern Potwar, Punjab, Pakistan. Forty seven bacteria were isolated out of which fiv...
Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Irshad Abbasi2, Himayatullah Khan1, Arjumand Nizami3, Abdul Hakeem4, Jawad Ali3 and Muhammad Jamal Khan1
... watershed is situated upstream of Satpara Dam. Water from this watershed is distributed among the communities according to historically agreed distribution patterns. Water availability vary from season to season. The objective of the instant study was to assess the glaciers/snow water dependence of agriculture activities which have implications for livelihood of the communities. The data collection including flow discharge measurement out of the watershed was...
Bibi Nazia Murtaza1,2, Azhar Qayum3, Shamaila Inayat Nadeem1, Naif Awdh Al-Maliki4, Abdulaziz Alamri4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,5,*
...s for small GTPases, downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway. Wild type KRAS is associated with EGFR-signalling activation. In normal physiological conditions, it is activated by upstream signals when the GTP is exchanged with GDP. Playing an important role in regulation of differentiation and cell growth, RasGTPases behave as genetic switches. This transient process of GAP-mediated ...
Application of Water Quality and Pollution Tolerance Indexes as Effective Tools for River Management
Joyce Osarogie Odigie*
...y 2018. Three stations upstream, mid-stream and downstream were selected. The data from the three study sites were subjected to statistical and biodiversity analysis with the extracted data for water quality analyzed via Weighted Arithmetic Index and pollution tolerance Index via pollution sensitive group. The dominant benthos group was Chironomidae: making up 20.99%, 18.47% and 16.65% of ...
Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry2, Muhammad Irfan3, Muhammad Khan1, Shaukat Ali4 and Saima Shahzad Mirza5
...ng locations including upstream Lahore Siphon = A, Shahdera = B, Sunder=C and downstream Balloki headworks = D. All the metal contents in fish scales were highly significantly different (P<0.001) among sampling locations and flow seasons. Location-wise metal accumulation pattern was C > D > B > A. The highest concentrations (µg/g dry weight) of Cd (0.29), Cr (4.64), Cu (8.85), Fe (65.66), Mn (5.14), Hg (2.9...
Hazrat Ali1,2,*, Ezzat Khan1,* and Muhammad Jamal Nasir3
...cted from the river, downstream the city of Peshawar, and analyzed for the selected heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Heavy metal accumulation was studied in muscles of six fish species collected from the river. Heavy metal accumulation was also studied in other tissues such as skin, gills, liver and kidneys of two fish species i.e., Clupisoma naziri and Mastacembelus armatus. Cr concentrations in fish muscles ranged fro...
Bibi Nazia Murtaza1, Mazhar Saeed Chaudry2, Shamaila Inayat Nadeem1, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem3 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4,*
... pathway. Mutations in upstream kinases, growth factor receptors or intrinsic members of cascades can lead to induce or promote cancers. Number of somatic mutations in several genes, majority of which are involved in chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation, have been reported in NHL. G468R and G468A mutations in BRAF gene have been reported in NHL, BRAF is a member of RAS mediated MAPK pathway. In current study, hot spots of Kras <...
Peng Ren1, Xian-Qing Liu1, Chao-Wu Yang2,3, Hua-Rui Du2,3, Xiao-Song Jiang2,3 and Yi-Ping Liu1*
...pathway and regulate downstream gene expression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding regions (CDS) of the MyD88 gene have also been reported to be associated with inter-subject differences in responses to Salmonella Pullorum infection in chickens. However, whether the 3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR) of the MyD88 gene is associated with resistance to Salmonella Pullorum infection still remains unknown. In...
Anila Naz Soomro1*, Hiroshi Suzuki2, Sadaf Tabassum Qureshi3 and Wazir Ali Baloch1
...the continuum of Urabaru stream. Study was carried out to clearly outline the life cycle of an endangered atyid C. sakishimensis and its co-existing species C. typus. Entire continuum of stream was divided into five stations (St.1, St. 2, St. 3, St. 4 and St. 5). Monthly sampling was carried out using a scoop net (1 × 1 mm) via the sweep method, sweeping efforts were counted. The results revealed that ...
Mubashir Mehdi1*, Muhammad Bilal Ahsan1, Burhan Ahmad1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2, Gulnaaz Hameed3 and Muhammad Asif4
Ahmad Kiani1*, Shapour Zarifian1, Hosein Kouhestani1 and Hosein Karimzadeh2
...evelop transportation to streamline access to market and also the industries need investors to be flourishing; Accordingly, both governmental and non-governmental organizations could take part to improve industrial sector. Moreover, the output of research shows some geographical factors like climate and geology have the least importance as to development and establishment of industries in the rural areas, and they are not paramount obstacle to be dealt with in...
Farid Ullah Khan*, Adeel Ahmed*, Uzair Khan Jadoon*, Fahim Haider*
MODELING, SIMULATION AND FABRICATION OF AN UNDERSHOT FLOATING WATERWHEEL
...ty of high flow velocity stream the parameters of the
waterwheel, such as, radius and width of wheel can be reduced considerably. For a flow velocity of 1.5 m/s, design
estimates for waterwheel producing 1 kW power are obtained with the devised analytical model. The simulations
performed for the 1 kW power development, show that a 1 m radius waterwheel with 10 number of blades, each
having a width of 1.75 m and height of 0.55 m, are...
waterwheel, such as, radius and width of wheel can be reduced considerably. For a flow velocity of 1.5 m/s, design
estimates for waterwheel producing 1 kW power are obtained with the devised analytical model. The simulations
performed for the 1 kW power development, show that a 1 m radius waterwheel with 10 number of blades, each
having a width of 1.75 m and height of 0.55 m, are...
Gul Rukh*, Iftikhar Khan* M. Naeem Arbab*, Uzma Nawaz*
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EFFICIENT MICRO-HYDROELECTRIC SCHEME FOR LOW HEADS
...0 meters obtainable from streams and irrigation channels. The low efficiency in already existing hydroelectric scheme used is addressed and compared with the existing scheme. Using the standard equations, trash rack, penstock and turbine is designed thus keeping the power losses as low as 4%. Hence finally an electrical power of 25kW is produced, suitable to run a farm in villages where electricity supply is not available and where cost of transmission and dis...
Usman Ghani*, Naeem Ijaz* and Daulat Khan**
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MEANDERING OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS
...tions were also made for stream-wise velocities and secondary velocity vectors over different sections along the meander wavelength for the four cases to enhance the understanding of the primary and secondary flow fields and boundary shear stresses using numerical simulation. It was observed that the direction of secondary currents depends upon flow depth and their strength increases with increasing depth of flow. In compound channel flow c...
Usman Ali Naeem*, Hashim Nisar*, Habib-ur-Rehman** and Naeem Ejaz*
DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD DISCHARGE MODELS USING GIS
...y out research work on upstream of Terbela from Kachura. The intended approaches of this work were to generate empirical equations based on hydrologic model on a particular reach of the river i.e. from Kachura to Tarbela reservoir and by utilizing Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing means. Also the watershed analysis of the upstream of Indus river basin was performed, thus fashioning an esse...
Hina Imtiaz1*, Salma Khalid2, Kashaf Riaz1, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Zubair Rehman4
...e vicinity of Nullah Lai stream. Water samples were collected from different points of the stream and tested for basic parameters like color, odor and turbidity while EC, pH and TDS were checked on-site by portable water quality meter. The assessment of heavy metal concentrations i.e. Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Mercury (Mg) and Cadmium (Cd) were carried by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotomet...
Muhammad Tariq Chaudhary1, Saleem Ashraf 2, Muhammad Yaseen3 and Muhammad Luqman3
...ility. Study stresses to streamline extracurricular activities at institutes level and conductance of inter and intra institutes competitions to bring positive change in behavior of students to pave the way towards success.
...
Tariq Ali Mastoi1, Zulfiqar Ali Mastoi2*, Zahoor Ahmed Khetran3, Ghulam Hussain Alizai2, Binish Baig4, Mitha Khan2 and Syed Jahangir Shah1
...ues in practice. The mainstream 35.72% respondents obtained credits upto Rs. 40,001-50,000 and others 33.92% secured loan up to Rs.50,001-80,000. It was reported that 51.25 % respondents considered that procedures of the credit are more complicated and difficult to be followed. However, 63.75 % revealed that Passbook is one of the obstacles in getting loan. On the basis of findings, it is suggested that inquire about perceptions of the borrowers in obtaining c...
Titin Herawati1,*, Indra Adiwiguna1, Ayi Yustiati1, Iis Rostini1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Hafizan Juahir3 and Asep Sahidin1
...uk River, specifically upstream and downstream Jatigede Reservoir. Field observation method and census sampling technique were applied. Research commenced from November 2017 to January 2018. Parameters measured are diversity index, dominance index, equitability index, and water quality. Data analysis employed comparative-descriptive method by mapping the species and comparing the diversity of fish living in both ends of Jati...
Arshad Bhat1*, Masudul H. Wani1, Shabir A. Wani2, Abid Qadir3, Iqra Qureshi4 and Abid Sultan2
...le bottle in the canals, streams orchards and other open spaces. The results reveal that number of sprays are positively affecting the defensive expenses and is having a negative relationship between educational attainment and defensive expenses but a positive relationship between willing to pay for purchase of biodegradable packages of pesticides and educational attainment. Likewise, gender of the respondent was also found to be having a positive relation wit...
Taqi Raza1*, Kashif Nazir Qureshi2, Shakeel Imran2, Neal Samuel Eash3 and Imma Bortone4
...scharge into a receiving stream, the effluents must be treated more time with a treatment method that removes Pb and Fe within standard limits else the discharge will pose pollution and health risks to human beings....
Muhammad Waqas1*, Muhammad Shoaib2, Muhammad Saifullah1, Adila Naseem4, Sarfraz Hashim1, Farrukh Ehsan1, Irfan Ali3 and Alamgir Khan1
... are used for predicting streamflow of Jhelum River basin. The dataset was divided into two sections, i.e., training dataset (1971-2000); and testing dataset (2001-12). The tendency investigation was done by the Sen’s slope and Mann–Kendall (MK). Decreasing trends annually and seasonally found in MK and Sen’s Slope tests. The highest decreasing trend of -2.23 was observed in Autumn at Narran station, while the lowest change of -0.09 annually ...
Keqiang Wei1*, Yue Wei2 and Changxia Song1
...respectively. As its downstream transcription factors, both RelA (p65) and Nrf2 were widely distributed in the cytoplasm of B- and R- cells, but RelA (p65) showed a relatively higher MOD level compared to Nrf2 (0.0097±0.002 versus 0.0039±0.004). All proteins except Nrf2 could be also obviously observed in sinusoids. The information above implied that B- and R- cells could be predominantly responsible for their function. This study will help us be...
Muhammad Abdullah1, Sana Zahoor1*, Akhtar Ali2 and Masroor Ellahi Babar3
...eotide polymorphism in upstream region of -238TNF-α and -308 by ARMS PCR technique in asthmatic and control group. It was a prospective study constituting 17 clinical diagnosed asthmatic patients (Diseased) and 19 non-asthmatic patients (Control). The female was 6 (31.6%) and males were 13 (68.4%) in control group while females were 9 (52.9%) and male were 8 (47.1%) in asthmatic group. Mean age (49.59±15.82 year) and BMI (21.96±06.67 kg/m2)...
Amtul Jamil Sami*, Sehrish Bilal and Syeda Anum Zahra
...iderable base sequence upstream exon 1 was similar to Bos mutus (yakQH1 chromosome 19) and did not align with reported Bubalus bubalis GH sequence. Only 49% of the sequenced product aligns with Bubalus Bubalis though 90% of the sequence aligns with Bos mutus and Bos indicus GH gene. A 46 bp inverted repeat sequence was also identified upstream exon 1. This report not only raises questions about the purity of the gene but als...
Saeed Akram Khan1, Shahid Sherzada1*, Muhammad Ashraf1, Durr-e-Shehwar1, Sonia Iqbal1, Usman Atique1,3, Farzana Abbas1, Sohail Ahmad2 and Muhammad Sultan Haider4
...lly breeds in rivers and streams during monsoon season but in ahatchery, it can be induced to spawn by the administration of ovaprim or its analogues. However, the conditions of the induced environment vary from place to place as well as the dose of ovaprim. The present investigation is focused on possible impact of different temperatures on the induced spawning behavior of C. mrigala. The factors investigated include the ovulation time, embryonic and la...
Asaad A. Fares1*, Mohamed M. Ghanem2, Yasein M. Abd El-Raof2, Hossam M. El-Attar2, Ameer A. Megahed2, Heba M. El-Khaiat2
...trgenesis. Blood and mid-stream urine samples were collected from 24 cows fed on DCAD ration and 24 cows fed on non DCAD ration daily starting 24h before calving (-1day), the day of parturition (0day), one day after parturition (+1), and second day after parturition (+ 2). Feeding DCAD ration lead to decreased urine pH and urine creatinine, but increase Ca urine execration in the DCAD group. However, the DCAD group showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in ...
Aamir Ibrahim1, Bingyao Chen1, Hassan Ali2, Imran Ali3, Yang Cao1 and Guang Yang1*
...l Kott Addu) to just downstream of Ghazi Ghat near Samina (District Dera Ghazi Khan) in Punjab, Pakistan. We successfully photographed and first reported seven types of skin marks originated from their natural or social interactions and anthropogenic activities. Dead bodies of five calves were collected from two different subpopulations in the Punjab river section, two from the Chashma-Taunsa and three from the Taunsa-Guddu barrage. Illegal hunting of Indus ri...
Noor Muhammad Khan1,2, Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,3*, Rashid Rehan2 and Iftikhar Zeb4
... used for irrigation downstream. The wastewater analysis showed that HM concentration exceeds the limits of thresholds values. For phytoremediation the T.l was tested in both on-site (in-situ) and laboratory conditions (ex-situ) while A.d was applied only in an ex-situ setup. For T.l, the average uptake of copper (Cu) was 5.40 and 6.46 mg kg-1, similarly for the lead (Pb) average uptake was 4.55 and 4.55mg kg-1, while for nickel (Ni) the average uptake was, 2....
Shambel Boki Dabi
... were divided into three streams (upper, middle, and down). From each stream, five sites were chosen. During the dry and rainy seasons, water samples were collected at a depth of 10 to 15 cm in plastic bottles from each site of three streams for laboratory study. Water quality parameters such as CO2, Chloride, and alkalinity were instantly assessed using the titration method, while water t...
Zaidi Zona, Zulfiqar Ali*, Rida Ahmad and Irfan Zainab
...r stretch from Raikot (upstream) to Tarbela (downstream) was examined during 2019. The river channel was divided into five zones such as Raikot-Basha, Basha-Dasu, Dasu-Pattan, Pattan-Thakot and Thakot-Tarbela. The mean water quality of study site was as follows: pH 7.32, air temperature 21.15°C, water temperature 15.9°C, dissolved oxygen (DO) 6.41 mg/L, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 125.62 mg/L total hardness 77.50 mg...
Jun Wang*, Xiaoming Jiang and Zhiwei Sun
...ish species from the mainstream of the Yellow River, which is the largest sediment-laden river in the world. A total of 1168 specimens belonging to 4 families and 18 species were analysed. The following fish species were covered: Leuciscus chuanchicus (Kessler, 1876); Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844); Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson, 1846); Parabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky, 1855); Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855); Culter alburnus (Ba...
Arif Mehmood1*, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Waqas Raza2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1
...s (0.97) was recorded in streams. Quantitative habitat web structures were used for the first time to present habitat distribution graphically. These webs and diversity indices provide hotspot information, and hotspot information is always an efficient tool in precise control of mosquitoes in the form of epidemic occurrence....
Arif Mehmood1*, Muhammad Naeem2, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Nadra Khan3 and Waqas Raza4
...crapyards, forest areas, streams, crops, residential areas, and animal sheds were specified in Jhelum district. Surveys for the collection of mosquitoes were made and a total of 365 specimens were collected. These specimens were identified as Culex (9), Anopheles (6), Lutzia (2), Aedes (2), and Armigeres (2) and deposited in the Biosystematics Laboratory of Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi. Quantitative habitat webs and diversity indic...
K. Nasira, S. Shamim and F. Shahina†
...>melting of ice, rivers, streams ponds and ground. In Pakistan Indus River and its tributaries are the major sources of
fresh water. Fresh water is clear from pollutants in upcountry, but as it flows downstream it becomes more pollutant.
In the present study nematodes were selected as bio-indicators for these pollutants at eight localities of Sindh, which
are M...
Sutawi*, Ahmad Wahyudi, Abdul Malik, Suyatno, Asmah Hidayati, Imbang D. Rahayu, Endang S. Hartatie
...ttle agribusiness from upstream to downstream: (1) the cattle population will shrink, (2) imports of cattle and beef will increase, (3) beef consumption will decrease, (4) economic losses are very large. FMD also poses a heavy social impact for farmers such as illness, stress, depression, stroke, divorce, and even suicide.
Keywords | Airborne disease, Cattle agribusiness, Economic bioterrorism,...
Rehman Shabbir1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Noor us-Sabah1, Mukkaram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Luqman*2, Muhammad Fahad Ullah3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Imran Shahzad1
...fluents that flow into a stream. This industrial wastewater was taken for this trial. The contaminants of the stream water were utilized for this trial to check its impacts on soil properties and growth of tomato plants. The physiochemical parameters of the soil such as pH, EC, organic matter, heavy metals and physiological parameters of the tomato plants were observed. Most of the soil parameters were proved higher with the...
SAEED AHMED*1, ZIA-UR-RAHMAN1, SALMA KHALID2, TARIQ KHAN1, ARSHAD IQBAL3
& ZAMARUD SHAH4
... (tap water, open wells, stream water, spring water and water supply networks such as municipal main storage tank) in rural communities of the Oghi; a total of 175 water samples were collected from the study area with 35 samples from each source. All the samples were analyzed for microbial contamination by pour plate method, membrane filtration technique and MacConkey agar for the isolation of Enterobacteriaceae. Different identification tests have been carrie...
J. Ma1, F.B. Zhang1,2, J. Li1, Z.Y. Lv1, C. Zhang1, L. Mao1 and Y. Zeng1*
...268 S. dabryi in the downstream (Hechuan section) of the Jialing River were collected seasonally from September 2015 to August 2016. The feeding habits of S. dabryi were studied by microscopic examination, analysis of similarity, and the Amundsen graphical method. A total of 26 food categories were identified, among which algae and organic detritus were the dominant food source for S. dabryi. Animal prey contributed relatively low proportions to the food of S....
Reza Esmaealzade Dizaji1, Arasb Dabbagh Moghaddam1*, Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi2, Mohamad Foad Heydari3, Seyyed Javad Hosseini Shokouh4 and Ana Shirzad Shahrivar5
...aling process’ sub-streaming molecular route for re-epithelialization. Model (deep second-degree thermal wound), PRP, and PRP/BNF groups were each randomly assigned a set of animals. Wounds were monitored daily for many days following therapy to see how they were healing. H&E staining and qRT-PCR were used to examine the pathological alterations in wound tissues and to determine mRNA expression of inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. We found...
Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Masood Rabbani1*, Sohail Raza1, Ali Raza Awan2, Aleena Kokab1 and Iqra Nazir3
...9, kanamycin, and purD upstream and downstream fragments. Then the cassette was electroporated into electro competent Brucella abortus RB51. The ΔpurD mutant was confirmed using PCR analysis. Afterward, the growth kinetics of the mutant was compared with parent RB51. The mutant bacterial growth significantly reduces (P< 0.05) as compared to the parent non-mutant confirming its auxotroph inability towards purine path...
Kyu-Jung Kim and Shin-Jae Rhim*
...the relationship between stream structure and waterbird community composition in the Jungnangcheon stream, Seoul metropolitan district, South Korea from February 2018 to November 2020. Stream structure was assessed along the stream corridor. There were differences in water width, depth, transparency, flow, bed materials, form of levee, and number of bend...
MISBAH RAZZAQ, MUHAMMAD RAIS*, MUHAMMAD ARSLAN ASADI, SALEHA ABBASI &
ABDULLAH IBRAHIMv
...
habitations and natural streams of Mori Said Ali Game Reserve (AJ&K)
using stomach-content flushing and fecal analysis. Of the recorded 17
dietary items, ten (59%) were of plant origin and seven (41%) were of
animal origin. Pyrus pashia (80%) and Isodon rugosus (0.37 ml) were
recorded as the most frequent plant species in fecal samples and
stomach contents, respectively. The majority of insects consumed by the
liz...
using stomach-content flushing and fecal analysis. Of the recorded 17
dietary items, ten (59%) were of plant origin and seven (41%) were of
animal origin. Pyrus pashia (80%) and Isodon rugosus (0.37 ml) were
recorded as the most frequent plant species in fecal samples and
stomach contents, respectively. The majority of insects consumed by the
liz...
Yanmei Wang1,2, Haoyun Li1, Lijuan Han1 and Wenkui Wang1*
...e expressions in its downstream signal pathways need to be studied to explore the mechanism of MIF participating in PH. In this study, 4-5 weeks broilers with clinical PH were collected as experimental (PH) group, while the healthy broilers were taken as control group. The related mRNA expression levels were determined by qRT-PCR. The protein expressions and distributions were detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that, the ...
Huda M. Hamid1, Fadia W. Al-Azawi2* and Zaid F. Makki3
...cross a river or natural stream to create a reservoir to allow off-season storage of vital water supplies and for impounding water. Iraq is a country of limited water resources and a high demand for water due to its agricultural sector and its growing population. In this study, an analysis of hydrology characteristics of Iraqi dams has been presented which include DAM flow direction, mesh flow, agricultural area improvement, waterway division, and basin determ...
ZARYAB KHALID SIAL & FARAH KHAN
... quality RNA for its downstream processing. Mostly RNAs are degraded as tissues are taken from fields, therefore the protocol for PSTVd RNA isolation was optimized and improved for obtaining Pure and high quality RNA having an increased and nondegradable life from infected plants of Potatoes. The present study was aimed to confirm the presence and identification of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) on potato plants in Pakistan. RNA was extracted and purified...
Muhammad Umair1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
...ons be taken in order to streamline the existing systems and develop methods and approaches that are sustainable over the long run-in order to improve agroforestry in Pakistan.
Keywords: Agroforestry, Sustainable, Intercropping, socioeconomics, sustainable economics....
Keywords: Agroforestry, Sustainable, Intercropping, socioeconomics, sustainable economics....
Mamoona Wali Muhammad and Iftekhar Ahmed
...sed fresh water flow downstream in Indus Delta; which resulted in high salinity and stunted growth of mangrove trees and animal life. The measures suggested by respondents included; increased fresh water down stream and control on camels, rotational grazing for livestock, control on cutting for fire purpose and construction of huts for effective regeneration and development of mangrove vegetation....
Muhammad Arif Chaudhary, Muhammad Akbar and Muhammad Ajmal Khan
...large and small rivers / streams draining out eventually in to the Indus river. All the rivers/ streams were run through Charsadda and Mardan districts except the Shah Alam in the northern part of Peshawar district.
Keywords: Visual Interpretation of LANDSAT TM, Peshawar Basin, Land use
...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique and Saliheen Khan
...ed away and deposited in stream beds, water reservoirs and canals They thus preserve the productive capacity of mountain lands and also increase the useful life of water reservoirs on which depends the prosperity of agriculture in the plains The vegetation on mountain slopes also reduce the intensity and frequency of floods and increase the quantity and quality of water available for agriculture during the dry season.
...
Mohammad Iqbal Swati
...Pakistan. The rivers and streams sprung from these watersheds irrigate farmlands in the plains and provide drinking water to the millions of people.
The majority of upland watersheds suffer from varying degrees of soil erosion and land degradation mainly due to high rate of deforestation, inadequate soil conservation measures, poor agriculture terracing, intensive agricultural activities, over-grazing, complex land tenure, and prevailing poverty in the ...
Maria Mussarat, Amanullah Bhatti and Mehmood Elahi
...liding, land sliding and stream bank erosion was 46.31, 22.08, 1,00, 8.85 and
17.33 hectares, respectively. The general slope of the study area was 10-80% of which 10-30% was slope of the terraced area and 50-80% was slope of the forested/pasture lands. Major causes of erosion in the study area were poor land and crop management, slope
gradient, accelerated erosion near villages, erodibility of soils, low stream bank stabi...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...have been developed and
streamlined. Spacing studies and clonal trails have
given quite indicative results. Plantations have been
raised in pure blocks, with agricultural crops, around
farms and along roads, canals and rivers. As it brings
handsome revenue within 5-6years, the tree has become a
favorite of the farmers. Native willow cuttings have
been planted for more then a 100 years on almost the
same sites as suited to poplars. Using methods have be...
Amjum Amin, Zafar Uddin, Rukhsana Roohi and Tayyab Jamil
...ing rolling plains, (ii) stream beds, adjoining slopes and edges, (iii) eroded hill slopes and
tops and (iv) gravely hills, laying adjustable decimal collapsible (ADC) quadrat in homogeneous stands of vegetation. Analysis of data resulted in four plant communities, i.e. Chrysopogon montanus, Heterioigib contortus, Desmostachya bipinnata, Desmostachya bipinnata, Saccharum spontaneum, Cymbopogonschoenanthus, Capparisdcidua and Chrysopogon montanus, Ad...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
... naturally on banks of streams and on moist sites in Hazara, Swat and Azad Kashmir from 1000 m to 1500 m elevation. The tree has caught the eye of the foresters as it has been found quite useful for the manufacture of bobbins in the textile industry. A study was started to select straight stemmed healthy plants for getting seed and clonal material for large scale propagation...
Abeedullah Jan
...rth-west, while, rivers, streams and lakes stud the plains in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The climate is dominated by the monsoonal winds rising out of the difference in the heat absorbing capacity of the land and the ocean. A combination of high temperature and plenty of rainfall provides favourable conditions for afforestation and farming. China was extremely poor before liberation. The country was divided into segments which were held u...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...up naturally on banks of streams and on moist sites in Hazara, Swat and Azad Kashmir from 1000 m to 1500 m elevation. Is being heavily cut for the manufacture of bobbins....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Abdul Aleem
...it meanders down, small streams and nullahs contribute their share to the total stream flow. About 10 km. down strefm of Gilgit town, it is joined by Gilgit river, which itself is formed by the union of Gilgit and Hunza rivers....
A. R. Beg
...two spots lie on raised stream banks with some damp soil and the third on a field border. A few more clumps are also reported to occur in the lower Buner. These are the only known remnants of natural bamboo in the country. This new record thus extends the western geographical limit of this bamboo from Margalla Hills to lower Buner....
Syed Rashid Ali
...r tanks of Punj-tirat, a stream of Palosee Village has been determined by number and canals in Islamia Collage Campus, Forest Institute and Lakerhay Village has been determined by number and weight per unit area in Spring
Season. The gut contents of the fishes of these water bodies were also studied and it was found that 80 percent fishes live in bottom fauna.
...
Bahadur Ali Khan
...gregate length of main streams which run into river Indus in Northern Area is about 3000 miles. Here the winter is quite long, growing season is quite short. The temperature ranges from 10 degree to 112 degree F. The total annual precipitation is most of the valleys is 5-6 inches in a year. In some parts where coniferous forests exist, the rain fall may be upto 30 inches. The temperature and precipitation varies very much due to precipitous na...
Shan Ahmad Naveed
...leased in the cold water streams of this area since the commencement of this work....
Anwar Masrur, PFS (I)
...iver watershed including stream order, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, constant of channel maintenance, stream frequency, shape, slope and elevation....
Muhammad Wasim Khan*, Ghulam Abbas, Asma Fatima and Shahnaz Rashid
...sheries resources in the stream system of the Indus delta. ...
Hafiz Muhammad Ashraf, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir* and Javed Iqbal Qazi
...w season. Head Balloki upstream and Dhnad Balloki showed the highest diversity indices during low and high flow. The decline in number of fish species with less Shannon–Wiener index (<3.5) depicted the alarming situation of natural water body. ...
A.M. Ahmed1*, R. Dutta1, H. Pokhrel1, D. Nath1, L. Mudoi1, R. Sarmah1, S.K. Bhagabati1 and I. Ahmed2
... in the middle and upper stream. The Canonical Corresponding Analysis revealed that environmental parameters have varied connotations with the fish occurrence, indicating species-specific adaptive potential. The parameters like temperature, turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and velocity exhibited a positive correlation with fish abundance. Longest K-dominance curve formed at the station S-4 indicating the highest fish abundance. The findings will aid in the dev...
Maimoona Imran2, Farah Rauf Shakoori2*, Soumble Zulfiqar1,
Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1*
...nia, meningitis and bloodstream, surgical site and wound infections. The present study reports a locally isolated K. pneumoniae strain exhibiting high resistance (MIC=90mM) against Ag+ and its accumulation potential. Transcription of Cus (Cu sensing) determinants is found to be upregulated in the presence of Ag+. The transcriptional regulator CusR bound effectively with bidirectional cus promoter. STRING database analysis revealed that CusR possesses strong in...
Sanaullah Sattar1, Ali Hussain2*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Arshad Javid1 and Shahid Mehmood1
...ghly polluted wastewater stream flowing in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The bacterial isolate was motile, Gram-negative, non-spore former and identified as Desulfovibrio vulgaris after 18 S rRNA gene sequencing. The corrosive action of the bacteria was assessed in a 60-day trial of anaerobic incubation. After an incubation period of 60 days, it was found that CR was significantly higher for the coupons that were dipped in inoculated media. For these coupons, the ...
