Botanical Pesticidal Products in the World and in Pakistan: A Comparative Review
Botanical Pesticidal Products in the World and in Pakistan: A Comparative Review
Kanwer Shahzad Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2, Umar Farooq2, Kaneez Fatima2, Huda Aitzaz2, Murtajiz Abbas2 and Muhammad Asam Riaz2
ABSTRACT
Plant-derived pesticides, also known as botanicals or green pesticides, constitute a vital research area of biorational plant protection. This review documents a comparative database of plant-based green pesticidal products developed and registered in different countries. Although Pakistan is far behind in this regard, a substantial number of green pesticides have been developed in other countries. Here we present a comprehensive list of these botanical pesticides developed and registered against different insect pests in Canada, China, and Greece. Analysis of these botanical pesticidal products has shown about 16 plant species used as active ingredients of green pesticides for controlling various insect pests in agriculture, household, personal, urban and veterinary sectors. Products based on lemon-scented gum tree Corymbia citriodora (66%), garlic Allium sativum (6%), pyrethrum Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (6%) and camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora (5%) are the most common among total 161 products being manufactured and marketed by 76 companies in above mentioned three countries. All the listed products are currently registered by their respective national ministries. Insect pests belonging to 23 families of orders Diptera, Phthiraptera, Lepidoptera, and Siphonaptera are the major targets of these botanical pesticidal products. Similarly, two technical grade active ingredients and 16 formulation types were identified among these products. The most common formulation types are the any other liquid (AL) (36.02%) and vaporizing products (VP) (11.18%). In Pakistan, there should be more focus on the green pesticidal research and development and the Government should support such initiatives by taking all the stockholders onboard in order to promote organic plant protection strategies as biorational alternatives of hazardous synthetic pesticides.
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