Characteristics of Ammonia Gas Emission in the Laying Hen Farming Industry in Indonesia
Characteristics of Ammonia Gas Emission in the Laying Hen Farming Industry in Indonesia
Urfiana Sara1,3, Muhammad Irfan Said2*, Wempie Pakiding2, Sri Purwanti2
ABSTRACT
The huge number of laying hens impacts the output of livestock waste, especially manure. Ammonia (NH3) and other volatile compounds are the main culprits behind manure odor. High ammonia emissions will harm laying hens’ health and decrease their egg-producing efficiency. This study aims to determine the factors that influence NH3 emissions in the agricultural sector of laying hens, specifically in Sidrap Regency. This study uses quantitative techniques to ascertain how the independent variable (X) affects the dependent variable (Y) in the four sub-districts of Sidrap Regency, Maritengngae, Pitu Riawa, Kulo, and Watang Pulu. Data was gathered from 96 units on laying hen farms. Ammonia (NH3) emissions (variable Y) were measured, and data was instantly collected using the Ammonia Gas Detector Smart Sensor AR8500 device. The 11 X variables are divided into three-factor categories: feed factors (feed consumption, feed protein content, seasonal factors (temperature, humidity, wind speed, and THI); cage systems and management factors (Population, cage density, cage area height, cage height, and length of time manure accumulate). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine which factors had the most influence on the farm’s manure ammonia levels, and correlation analysis was used to find interactions between groupings of factors. Ammonia emissions surrounding the cage are partially and simultaneously reduced by higher wind speed values, population, and cage height, as indicated by the regression equation NH3 = 12.343 – 0.771 Wind Speed – 0.0001 Population – 0.552 Cage Height. Information on the factors that influence air ammonia levels may be used to suggest ways that laying hen farms may reduce the effects of ammonia gas emissions. The findings of this study can also serve as a guide for the government, affiliated businesses, and other relevant stakeholders to establish guidelines or criteria for safe and high-quality laying hen farm construction complexes and control the spread of ammonia gas emissions.
Keywords | Ammonia (NH3) gas, Emissions, Laying hens, Industry, Livestock
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