Impact of Water Management Techniques on Yield and Quality of Basmati Rice: A Study on Alternate Wetting and Drying Strategies
Impact of Water Management Techniques on Yield and Quality of Basmati Rice: A Study on Alternate Wetting and Drying Strategies
Muddassir Ali1*, Fraz Ahmad Khan1, Hafiz Mutther Javed1, Syed Ali Zafar1, Atif Naeem2, Ahmad Jawad2, Bilal Ashraf2 and Tahira Bibi1
ABSTRACT
Maintaining rice quality while reducing water inputs is a critical for sustainable rice production. This two-year (2016 and 2017) study investigated how different water irrigation regimes influenced the total irrigation mm (TI), water productivity kg/m3 (WP), grain yield t/ha (GY), and quality (milling and cooking) of four basmati rice (Punjab Basmati V1, Chenab Basmati V2, Kisan Basmati V3 and Basmati 515 V4). The milling and cooking qualities include head rice % (HR), broken % (BR), average grain length mm (AGL), cooked grain length mm (CGL), elongation ratio (ER), and bursting % (BT), respectively. Three irrigation regimes of alternate and wetting drying (AWD) such as AWD at 15 cm (AWD15); AWD at 20 cm (AWD20); and AWD at 25 cm (AWD25), and Conventional Flood Irrigation (CFI) were used in this study. The objective of the study was to identify the best suitable irrigation regime for basmati rice varieties. Results revealed that the effect of treatment was highly significant (p < 0.01) on TI, WP, GY, HR, BR, AGL, and BT. Similarly, the influence of variety was highly significant (p < 0.01) on all response variables. The interaction effect of rice varieties transplanted under different irrigation treatments significantly (p < 0.01) affects the TI, WP, GY, and BT. Results show that the GY, HR, and AGL were maximum at AWD 15, while the BR, and BT were minimum at AWD 15 and CFI in all rice varieties during both years. The GY, BT, and HR of VI, V2, V3, and V4 were 4.80, 5.86, 2.81, 4.97 t/ha, 8, 4, 5, 3%, and 53.7, 55.2, 44.1, and 59% respectively at AWD 15. The TI and WP of rice varieties at AWD 15 were 37.2% lower and 38.7% higher than CFI, respectively. In conclusion, the basmati rice varieties performed better under AWD 15 so, to get maximum yield with better quality AWD 15 can be adopted at farmer’s fields.
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