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Influence of Biochar based Organic Fertilizers on Growth and Concentration of Heavy Metals in Tomato and Lettuce in Chromite Mine Tailings Contaminated Soil

Influence of Biochar based Organic Fertilizers on Growth and Concentration of Heavy Metals in Tomato and Lettuce in Chromite Mine Tailings Contaminated Soil

Faiza Altaf1, Shamim Gul1,2*, Tasawar Ali Chandio3, Gul Bano Rehman1, Attiq-ur-Rehman Kakar4, Sami Ullah4, Naqeebullah Khan4, Umbreen Shaheen5, Muhammad Naeem Shahwani6, Muhammad Ajmal7 and Misbah Manzoor8
 
 

1Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan; 2Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada; 3Geological Survey of Pakistan, Saryab road, Quetta, Pakistan; 4Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan; 5Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan; 6Faculty of Life Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Airport Road, 87300, Quetta, Pakistan; 7Pakistan Council of Science and Industrial Research, Mastung Road, 87300, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan; 8Department of Plant Sciences, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Quetta, Pakistan.


*Correspondence | Shamim Gul, Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan; Email: shamim.gul@mail.mcgill.ca 

Figure 1:

Tomato plants grown under various treatments, control 1; soil without any amendment, control 2; soil with amendment of Cr mine tailing debris, WBPM1; wood-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 10% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, WBPM2; wood-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 20% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, WBPMR2; wood-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 20% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, FYPMR1; cow manure –derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 1-% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, FYPMR2; cow manure-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 20% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil.

Figure 2:

Lettuce plants grown under various treatments, control 1; soil without any amendment, control 2; soil with amendment of Cr mine tailing debris, WBPM1; wood-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 10% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, WBPM2; wood-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 20% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, FYPM1; cow manure –derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 1-% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, FYPM2; cow manure-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 20% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, WBPMR1; wood-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 10% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, WBPMR2; wood-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 20% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, FYPMR1; cow manure –derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 1-% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, FYPMR2; cow manure-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 20% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil.

Figure 3:

Average (±SD) of aboveground plant biomass and root biomass of tomato and lettuce (n= 3, FYPM2 and FYPMR2 for tomato had only one replication). Bars with different letters show significant difference at P<0.05. control 1; soil without any amendment, control 2; soil with amendment of Cr mine tailing debris, WBPM1; wood-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 10% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, WBPM2; wood-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 20% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, FYPM1; cow manure –derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 1-% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, FYPM2; cow manure-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 20% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, WBPMR1; wood-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 10% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, WBPMR2; wood-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 20% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, FYPMR1; cow manure –derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 1-% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, FYPMR2; cow manure-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 20% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil.

Figure 4:

 Average (± SD) of water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato (n= 3, FYPM2 and FYPMR2 for tomato had only one replication). Bars with different letters indicate significant difference at P<0.05. control 1; soil without any amendment, control 2; soil with amendment of Cr mine tailing debris, WBPM1; wood-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 10% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, WBPM2; wood-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 20% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, FYPM1; cow manure –derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 1-% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, FYPM2; cow manure-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 20% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, WBPMR1; wood-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 10% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, WBPMR2; wood-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 20% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, FYPMR1; cow manure –derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 1-% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil, FYPMR2; cow manure-derived biochar + poultry manure amended at 20% rate in Cr mine tailing debris-contaminated soil.

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture

September

Vol.40, Iss. 3, Pages 680-1101

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