Phenotyping of Amphistomes, and Pathological, Hematological and Bile Biochemical Response to Gigantocotyle explanatum Infection in Buffaloes
Sadaf Ijaz Malik1, Kiran Afshan2* and Mazhar Qayyum1
1Department of Zoology and Biology, Faculty of Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan
2Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
Fig 1
Standardized measurements of (A) Whole mount (B) Sagittal section of adult Amphistomes. The key to abbreviations for all measurements is shown in Table I.
Fig 2
Prevalence of amphistomes in buffaloes of central Punjab in different months of the year 2010-2011.
Fig 3
A bile duct contains numerous amphistomes (A) and dome-like protuberances” after removal of the amphistomes (B) indicated with arrows.
Fig 4
A, Representative sagittal sections of Gigantocotyle explanatum indicates PH, pharynx; Es, esophagus; PS, pars seminalis; AT, anterior testis; PT, posterior testis; Ov, ovary and A, acetabulum. B, an enlarged image of ovary and Mehli’s gland; C, egg; D, pharynx, esophagus; E, testis.
Fig 5
Histopathological study of buffalo bile duct. A: Cross section of the infected bile duct; A, acetabula; MP, mucosal plug. B: mucosal plugs formed due to parasite attachment; BV, blood vessel; N, nodule. C: the glandular mucosa showing extensive glandular hyperplasia; DG, degenerated gland; GC, glandular cells. D: the glandular degeneration and villi like appearance at the site of fluke attachment. E: massive glandular degeneration and inflammation; IC, inflammatory cells. F: glandular infiltration in serosal layer; IG, inflammed glands; SE, serosa. G: sub mucosal layer showing increased glandular hyperplasia; BV, blood vessel; G, gland. H: serosal layer of infected bile duct showing fibrosis; IC, inflammatory cells; F, fibrosis. I: inflammatory cells; N, nucleus; G: gland. J: thick walled blood vessel showing hyperplasia and thrombus formation. K: villi like appearance of hyperplastic mucosa and degeneration of upper epithelial layer; EP, epithelial layers; GL: gland. L: increased nuclear size in infected tissue; N, nucleus; IC, intestinal caeca.