Rehmat Ullah1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Kalim Ullah2
Koksal Karadas1, Muhammad Tariq2, Mohammad Masood Tariq3* and Ecevit Eyduran4
Ecevit Eyduran1, Daniel Zaborski2*, Abdul Waheed3, Senol Celik4, Koksal Karadas5 and Wilhelm Grzesiak2
...regression trees (CART), chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID), radial basis function (RBF) networks and multilayer perceptrons with one (MLP1) and two (MLP2) hidden layers in body weight (BW) prediction from selected body measurements in the indigenous Beetal goat of Pakistan. Moreover, the results obtained with the data mining algorithms were compared with multiple linear regression (MR). A total of 205 BW records including one categorical (sex) ...
Oluwasogo David Olorunfemi, Oluwasegun Adetokunbo Adekunle, Felix Olayinka Oladipo, Temitope Oluwaseun Oladele and Oladimeji Idowu Oladele
Amjad Islam Aqib1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Riaz Hussain3, Saba Sana2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Kashif Hussain1 and Syed Saleem Ahmad1
Shahid Hussain Farooqi1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Oneeb2, Amjad Khan3, Amjad Islam Aqib1 and Shakeel Mahmood4
Yakut Gevrekçi* and Çiğdem Takma
Muhammad Yahya Noori1*, Saharish Rizwan2, Zaheer Ali3 and Shaheen Sharafat4
Abul Hassan Faiz*, Fakhar-i-Abbas and Lariab Zahra Faiz
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1*, Rehmat Ullah1, Asif Nawaz1 and Ejaz Ashraf2
Farhat Ullah Khan, Nowshad Khan and Zaibunnisa Abdullah*
Corresponding author: farhatkhan7@gmail.com (This is part of Ph.D. work of senior author)
IMPACT OFKINNOW (MANDARIN) YIELD LOSSES ON SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE FARMING COMMUNITY IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...e. Simple percentage and chi-square techniques were used for analysis. According to analysis 91.5% respondents reported that yield losses of kinnow fruits have negative impact on socio-economic conditions of the majority respondents of the project area. Chi-square test also shows negative link of the kinnow fruits and socio-economic uplift of the farming community in the project area. Serious attention on scientific basis to...
Dan Yü, Chuchu Li, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
Asif Nawaz* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...ean, standard deviation, chi-square test and paired sample t-tests were calculated to achieve the study objectives. Results of the study revealed that Field Assistants were incompetent in competencies regarding record keeping on climate change issues, recording and reporting climate change impacts, use of cultural practices to mitigate climate change impacts, promoting cultivation of improved crop varieties regarding climate change and evaluating adaptation op...
Daniel Zaborski,1,* Muhammad Ali,2 Ecevit Eyduran,3 Wilhelm Grzesiak,1 Mohammad Masood Tariq,2 Ferhat Abbas,2 Abdul Waheed4 and Cem Tirink5
...regression trees - CART, chi-square automatic interaction detector - CHAID and multivariate adaptive regression splines - MARS) and indicating the most influential predictors of these traits. A total of 382 reproduction records including three predictors (month of lambing - MOL, age at first lambing - AFL and lambing weight - LW) and seven dependent (output) variables (services per conception - SPC, service period - SP, lambing interval - LI, twinning rate - T...
Nasira Khatoon1, Aly Khan2,*, S.S. Shahid3, Z.S. Saify4, M. Arshad Azmi1 and Wali Khan5
... groups and body parts a chi-square (χ²) test of association (R × C contingency test) was performed. The association of body parts and age groups was significant. Most of the patients above the age of 10 were either working in vegetable market or were rag pickers working near garbage bins. The highest infection was recorded on the knees and the lowest on groin. There is need to diagnose dermatoses at early stage by training general practi...
Saeed Ullah1, Muhammad Israr1*, Shakeel Ahmad2, Nafees Ahmad3 and Asif Yaseen4
Abdul Maalik1, Shahzad Ali1,*, Anam Iftikhar1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Haroon Ahmad2 and Iahtasham Khan1
...cal data was analyzed by chi-square methods at 95% confidence interval. The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis as a result of surf field mastitis test was 42.2%. The prevalence of disease was higher in cows (54.5%) than in buffalo (22.9%). Based on chi-square and P-value the prevalence of mastitis was significantly (P˂0.05) associated with animal type, urbanicity, age of animal and previous exposure of mastitis. The...
Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1, Batim Turdam1, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Waziri Ibrahim Anjili2 and Mayowa Olabode2
Anum Khursheed1, Malik Muhammad Shafi2 and Haidar Ali2*
Senol Celik
...gression splines (MARS), chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID), exhaustive CHAID and classification and regression trees (CART) data mining algorithms in predicting live body weight as a continuous response variable by means of morphological measurements i.e. live body weight (LBW), body length (BL), withers height (WH), rump height (RH), belly girth (BG) and chest girth (CG) as continuous predictors from 130 Pakistan goats. Also, sex facto...
Abid Hussain Shahzad1, Abdul Sattar1,*, Nasim Ahmad1, Ijaz Ahmad2, Deniz Nak3 and Yavuz Nak3
Asghar Khan1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Arfan Yousaf2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Mamoona Chaudhry1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Habibunnabi4 and Amjad Khan5
Taimoor Khalid*, Asad Ullah and Mussawar Shah
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Iqbal Javed3, Abdur Rehman4, Muhammad Yaseen2, Saleem Ashraf5 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2
...livelihoods. Findings of chi-square statistics showed highly significant association (P<0.05) between agricultural diversification strategies being adopted by households in the situation of changing climate and income level of households. It was found that social capital was highly influenced and depends upon income level of households as majority (67.0%) of the poor people with low income level had low level of financial capital. The preference or choice o...
Aftab Shaukat1,2,*, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Rizwan Shukat4, Shahid Ali Rajput5,
Shadab Shaukat6, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem2,5,8, Mubashar Hassan2,5, Tabassam Fatima2,5,
Fayyaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Usman Saleem7, Fatima Arooj1, Ashar Mehfooz2 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi2
Rahat Naz*, Mussawar Shah, Asad Ullah, Intikhab Alam and Younas Khan
... bi-variate level, using chi-square test statistics. The study found that climate change effects on human life had a highly significant association (P=0.000) with greenhouse gases has decreased the agricultural productivity; climate change has reduced the production of crops(P=0.000); soil erosion and landslides have increased(P=0.000); Due to climate change forests, fruits and vegetables have become scarce(P=0.000); water logging and salinity has affected the...
Oluwatoyin Olagunju1* and Luqman Abiodun Akinbile2
Farmers Perceptions of the Effect of Rural Transportation Systems on Farming Income in Ondo State, Nigeria
...ntial statistics such as chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The study revealed that farmers perceived the quality of transportation system causes a reduction in their income. Gender (χ2=6.472) and marital status (χ2=9.745) positively influenced income generated by farmers at p<0.05. Also, there was a significant relationship between transportation systems used (r=0.705, p<0.05), perceived effects of rural transportation (r=...
Israr Yasin1, Ismail Qureshi1*, Shahjahn Qaimkhani1, Gulam Mustafa Solangi3, Ismail Qaimkhani1, Ismail Brohi1 and Abdul Ahad Soomro2
A Perspective on Household Dairy Farming in District Naushahro Feroze, Sindh, Pakistan
...ilking of animals. Using chi-square statistic, the relationship between use of Oxytocin and abortion in large animals was found highly significant (p<0.01). On an average basis, 3.0% growth rate in livestock was estimated. The highest growth rate (5.0%) was recorded in buffaloes. Livestock contributed about 21.0% to household income (sale of milk 11% and sale of animals 10%). Relatively more proportion of females was recorded in livestock rearing (44.6%); f...
Yasin Altay1, Saim Boztepe2, Ecevit Eyduran3, İsmail Keskin2, Mohammad Masood Tariq4*, Farhat Abbas Bukhari4 and Irshad Ali4
Syahruddin Said1*, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra1 and Dani Nur Arifin2
Laura Alejandra Arriola-Mosqueda1, Yadira Jiménez-Lara2, Eugenia del Carmen Prieto-Avella1, Carlos Ricardo Cruz-Vazquez3, Roberto Montesinos-Matias4, Mauricio Valencia-Posadas2, Ana Martha Cruz-Avalos5, Jaime Molina-Ochoa6,7 and César Andrés Angel-Sahagún2,*
...y Probit analysis, and a chi-square test was used to determine the relationship of LC50 with variable radial growth and germination at 18 and 24 h. Germination at 18 h and 24 h ranged from 83.8–92.5% and 89.5–100%, respectively. The average radial growth ranged from 2.3–3.3 mm per day. The pathogenicity results for eggs and larvae showed 100% mortality for both biological stages. The Ma4 strain showed an outstanding LC50...
Celalettin Gözüaçık1, Ecevit Eyduran2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3*
Mehnaz Safdar1, Urooba Pervaiz1* and Dawood Jan2
Samira M. Bolis1, Magda Mahmoud2, Salah E. Gumma3, Naser E. Bilal1 and
Isam ElKhidir4
Aftab Raza Khan1, Azhar Abbas Khan2*, Javed Iqbal3, Arif Muhammad Khan4, Zeshan Hassan2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif2 and Umbreen Shahzad2
Manar M. Farouk1*, Amal El-Molla1, Fayez A. Salib1 and Yousef A. Soliman2
Teuku Fadlon Haser1*, Muh. Saleh Nurdin2, Eddy Supriyono3, Deni Radona4, Fauziah Azmi1 , Kukuh Nirmala3, Widanarni3, Tri Heru Prihadi4, Tatag Budiardi3 and Riris Yuli Valentine5
...er analysis. Regression, chi-square, Mann Whitney test and t-test were applied to analyze reproductive biology parameters. There was no significant between-site difference in the reproductive parameters of mahseer from Atu Suasah and Lawe Melang Rivers. The sex ratio was balanced. The growth pattern was allometric negative and the Fulton condition remained stable over the six month study period. Mahseer in the 610-710 mm length class made the largest contribut...
Guangming Xiang1, Ran Di1, Yaowu Wang1, Shangquan Gan2, Shouren Liu2, Xiangyu Wang1, Wenping Hu1, Qiuyue Liu1* and Mingxing Chu1*
... and thin tail breeds by chi-square test (P<0.05)....
Oce Astuti1, La Sara2*, Muzuni3 and Safilu4
Muhammad Tahir Jan1, Sarfraz Ali Shad2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3 and Muhammad Binyameen2,*
...iance-to-mean ratio, the chi-square test index, and Lloyd index of patchiness indicated uniform eggs distribution for both years. Within the plants, the most preferred oviposition sites were just below the terminal portion on such structures as the leaves, terminal buds and NE leaves. The current study regarding the site selection for oviposition provides information that can be used to develop guidelines for E. vittella management in cotton production. <...
Sonali Menamvar1,2,3, Kirubakaran Vinod Kumar1, Veeregowda Muniveerappa Belamaranahally2, Yella Narasimha Reddy3, Rathnamma Doddamane2, Shrikrishna Isloor2, Ramesh Poojari Thimmaiah2, Gurrappanaidu Govindaraj1, Bibek Ranjan Shome1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan1*
Abdul Malik Ahmed, Bhargav Bhushan Nath, Ayub Ali, Jiten Sarma, Bipul Phukan, Imtiaz Ahmed* and Jyotirmoyee Das
Maria Qibtia1, Sehrish Faryal1, Muhammad Wasim1, Farzana Chowdhary1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Ahmed Mansovuri2, Zeeshan Ahmed2, Muhammad Hamid3 and Ali Raza Awan1,*
...SPSS using the method of chi-square test. All the SNPs were evaluated for the association of polymorphism. In the current study 20 out of 30 LP subjects were presented with the following SNPs: C/T-13910 (intron 13) and G/A-22018 (intron 9), representing a frequency level of 0.67 for association. Similar to this frequency of 0.22 and 0.44 was also found in LNP patients. All the SNPs were heterozygous in LP subjects, and for the particular SNP: G/A-22018 (intron...
Rubaijaniza Abigaba1,4*, Pharaoh C. Sianangama1, Progress H. Nyanga2, Edwell S. Mwaanga3, Wilson N.M. Mwenya1
Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan and Urooba Pervaiz
Ansar Abbas1*, Muhammad Aman Ullah2, Abdul Waheed3 and Muhammad Asif4
Faisal Khurshid1*, Asad Ullah1 and Sana Manan2
Seyedmohammad Karimi1, Mohammad Darvishi2*, Mohammad Barati3, Ramin Hamidi Frahani4, Mohammad Hassan Kazemi5
Abdirahman Barre*, Karanja D Njuguna, Bebora Lilly Caroline and George Chege Gitao
.../60) in Balambale. Using chi-square (χ2), there was no statistically alteration in sensitivity among the four serological tests (p=0.999). Seventy-eight (48.7%) camels had one or more organs with lesions leading to condemnation at meat inspection. The common gross lesions encountered were fibrin depositions 3 (1.8%), enlargement of lung 2 (1.2%), pericarditis 38 (23.7%), and hepatomegaly with nodular liver lesions 79 (49.3%), enteritis 5 (3.1%), haemorrhag...
Amber Khalid1*, Amjad Rashid Kayani1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1, Muhammad Mushtaq1, Mirza Azhar Beg1 and Surrya Khanam2
...all proportions. Pearson chi-square was used to calculate the significance difference among every food item and among seasons. Significant difference (p<0.05) was observed among consumption of different food items and among different seasons. Non- significant difference (p>0.05) was calculated between consumption of different food items in male and female rats. It is concluded that Indian gerbil damaged the cash crops of Pothwar. Therefore, preventive me...
Md. Abdullah Al-Mamun1,2, Al-Mamun2,3, Sanjay Kumar Mohanta2,3, Md. Farhan Tazim2,3, Mohammed Rashed Parvej 2,3, Md. Sharif Uddin2,3, Suman Barua1,2 and Liu Qun1*
Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4
...lers (9.38%). However, a chi-square (χ2) statistical analysis revealed that factors such as the age of chickens, seasons, floor condition of the chick’s house, flock size, bird health status, and practices for dead bird disposal showed no significant associations (p > 0.05) with the prevalence of the disease. In conclusion, this study helps to fill a knowledge gap in the prevalence and distribution of NDV in the Barishal district of Bangladesh, pr...
Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4
...lers (9.38%). However, a chi-square (χ2) statistical analysis revealed that factors such as the age of chickens, seasons, floor condition of the chick’s house, flock size, bird health status, and practices for dead bird disposal showed no significant associations (p > 0.05) with the prevalence of the disease. In conclusion, this study helps to fill a knowledge gap in the prevalence and distribution of NDV in the Barishal district of Bangladesh, pr...
Zuhair Dardona1,2, Adnan Al-Hindi3, Mohamed Hafidi1, Ali Boumezzough1 and Samia Boussaa1,4*
Heba El-Sayed Mostafa1,2*, Lama Sulaiman Alahmadi1, Shiyma Abullah Alrahule1, Nada Fareed Alzughaibi1, Hala Rafat Zulali1, Yasmin Islam Magdi3, Saada Saad Alharbi1
Ashraf Samir Hakim1*, Doaa Diab Khalaf1, Engy Farahat1, Mohammed Darwish Mohammed1, Wahid Hussein El-Dabae1, Khaled Abd El-Hamid Abd El‑Razik2, Amany Nabil Dapgh3, Ehab Ali Fouad4, Hussein Ahmed Abuelhag1
Che Ku Nur Ain Mardhiah Che Ku Azman and Norlia Muhamad*
...C based on the values of chi-square and root means square error. Drying could cause some colour and nutrients effects on the products, thus modeling is essential to predict the drying process of the sample.
...
Abdul Zahir1*, Asad Ullah1, Yonis Gulzar2*, Mohammad Shuaib Mir2, Abdus Salaam3 and Arjumand Bano Soomro2
Nguyen Phi Bang1,2*, Nguyen Thi Hanh Chi1,2, Ngo Thuy Bao Tran1,2, Nguyen Thi Bich Hanh1,2, Nguyen Ba Trung1,2, Le Thi Thuy Hang1,2
...ical analysis, including chi-square and t-tests, was used to compare proportions and means, revealing that 80.47% of dogs developed protective antibodies. The highest antibody levels were in dogs aged >12–24 (89.47%, 7.44±0.49 EU/mL, 95% CI) months and >24–60 months (87,62%, 6.93±0.32 EU/mL, 95% CI), with significant (P<0.05) indicating solid associations. Confined or semi-confined dogs and those vaccinated within the last ni...
