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Shahid Iqbal Awan1*, Syed Dilnawaz Ahmad2, Muhammad Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Aurangzeb Rao1

...ed that the magnitude of variability existing in the gene pool was satisfactory for initiating a breeding plan. Relative water content, cell membrane stability, osmotic adjustment and grain yield per plant were major contributors towards variability. Grain yield per plant was closely linked to relative water content, cell membrane stability and specific flag leaf area. Eight clusters were formed through cluster analysis, and...

Tahir Khan, Raziuddin, Fakharuddin* and Muazam Jamal Razi

...cted to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for important attributes in Brassica napus using 10 parental lines and their 21 F4 populations. Significant differences were observed among genotypes, parents, F4 populations and parents versus F4 populations for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, primary branches plant-1 and main raceme length. Among parents, CA2, DH8, ...
Waheed Anwar*, Muhammad S. Haider, Ahmad A. Shahid, Hamid Mushtaq, Usman Hameed, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman and Muhammad Javed Iqbal
Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1,*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Nazir Javed2
...he localities, while low variability in evenness had been found. The highest diversity of soil inhabiting Mesostigmata (H’=1.93) was recorded in undisturbed soil in April at Dera Ghazi Khan locality and lowest diversity (H’=0.50) in cultivated soils in August at Gujranwala. The highest family richness (S=10) was reported in undisturbed soil at D.G.Khan and the lowest (S=3) was found in cultivated soils in Gujranwala, Chakwal and Bhakkar.
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Habib Ullah Khan1*, Saleem Ullah1, Hamid Ullah Shah1, Muhammad Arif2

...b and Ni showed moderate variability. It was concluded that acid base treatment of the wood coal resulted in pH, EC and minerals changes which might have good or bad effect on plants grown in those soils.

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Muhammad Noor, Hidayat ur Rahman and Muhammad Iqbal

...ndicating that the total variability was mostly of genetic nature and hence, could be effectively utilized in maize breeding programs for developing popcorn varieties having early maturity and accompanied with other desirable attributes.

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Shams Ur Rehman, Muhammad Arif and Abdul Mateen 

 

Soil-borne viruses in major potato growing areas of Pakistan
...d isolates revealed that variability in the symptoms produced by them on host plant. The interaction and association of vi-ruses (PMTV and TRV) and their vectors was calculated by using Jaccard index of similarity. The association of PMTV to its vector Spongosporsa subteranea in Hazara division was found 27.0% while their association in Malakand division was found 24.4%. The TRV associated to its vectors Trichodorus in Hazara division was found 8.94% while in ...
Mushtaq Ahmad1,*, Mehboob Ahmed1,2 and Nasim Ahmad1
... in many species but the variability exists in technique. Therefore, the present study was aimed to optimize the steps of AO staining protocol for buffalo sperm which has not been explored yet. Semen was collected from two mature buffalo bulls, diluted in tris citrate egg yolk based extender and cryopreserved using standard protocol. The semen straws were thawed at 37oC and stained using different protocols as followed: Protocol 1 (washing effect); ...

Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar1*, Amir Shakeel1, Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Waheed Anwar1, Zoraiz Tanveer1 and Muhammad Fahad Irfan2 

...out to study the genetic variability, coefficient of variations, heritability, genetic advance and correlation among 20 F1 hybrids and 9 parents in upland cotton. Line × tester mating design was deployed to develop crosses and 29 cotton genotypes were field planted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications to assess the genotypes for plant height (cm), number of sympodial branches, number of monopodial branches, seed cotton yield (...

Syed Asif Imran Shah1*, Shah Jehan Khan2, Kalim Ullah1 and Obaid Ullah Sayal

...cant (P>0.01) genetic variability among cotton germplasm. Highest and close symmetry between phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variances while lower values of environmental coefficient variance were observed for all the studied attributes which reflected that these traits were genetically controlled and under less influence of environment. Higher broad sense heritability and expected genetic advance reflected that all attributes were governed by addit...

Bashir Ahmad1*, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Hayad Zada2, Shahid Sattar1, Toheed Iqbal3, Saddam Hussain1 and Muhammad Saeed4 

...lysis showed 87-96% (R2) variability due to weather parameters on the population dynamics of P. xylostella at District Haripur. 

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 Z. A. Soomro, M.B. Kumbhar, A.S. Larik*, M. Imran** and S.A. Brohi***

...1) and exhibited genetic variability among the genotypes for all the traits except sympodia/plant. Genetic parameters computed through variance components method show that all the traits were highly heritable in F2 and F3 generations except sympodia/plant, indicating quantitative pattern of inheritance, offering better chances of selection for these traits in F2 and F3 generations. The traits namely plant height, bolls/plant and seed cotton yield/plant display...

 Oguz Bilgin, Kayihan Z. Korkut, Alpay Balkan, and Ismet Baser*

...ghly significant genetic variability was present in parents and their genetic combinations for the characters. The degree and direction of heterosis varied for different characters and for different hybrids. The highest heterosis over mid and better parents (120.14-109.93%) was recorded in hybrid of Kyzyltan91xIDSN209 for grain weight/spike. Maximum limits of heterosis over mid and better parent for spike length, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, spike density, g...
Saba Rafique1,2,*, Khalid Naeem1, Naila Siddique1, Muhammad Athar Abbas1, Aamer Ali Shah2, Akbar Ali1, Abdul Rahim1 and Farooq Rashid1
Muhammad Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Ismail Khan1, Qadeem Khan2 and Khalid Khan1
...ce Antigen (HBsAg). This variability reduces the efficacy of vaccines prepared to a particular clone of HBV isolates.
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 M. Asif Masood, Irum Raza* and Muhammad Yaseen**

ESTIMATION OF OPTIMUM FIELD PLOT SIZE AND SHAPE IN PADDY YIELD TRIAL
...e effect of plot size on variability in yield of crop as well as studying the coefficients of variation of different plot sizes and shapes of plots. The Smith's index of soil heterogeneity was computed to estimate optimum plot size and shape using yield data of the 12m×24m recorded separately from each basic unit of 1m×1m (288 basic units). Soil productivity contour map described graphically the productivity level of the experimental site. The inde...

 Usman Shakoor*, Abdul Saboor*, Irfan Baig*, Anila Afzal** and Abdul Rahman***

CLIMATE VARIABILITY IMPACTS ON RICE CROP PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
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 Sajid Ali* and Abdul Jabbar**

GROWTH AND VARIABILITY IN AREA PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF SELECTED FRUIT CROPS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...roduction along with low variability is highly desirable. The objective of this study was to investigate growth and variability in area, production and yield of selected fruit crops including apple, peach, pear, and plum in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The study is based on secondary data from 1975-76 to 2011-12 which is further bifurcated into three periods; period-I (from 1975-76 to 1990-91), period-II (from 1991-92 to 201...

 Kalim Ullah*, Zahid Usman*,Niamatullah Khan*, Rehmat Ullah**, Fazal Yazdan Saleem***, Shahid Iqbal Khattak**** and Muhammad Ali*****

GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR YIELD AND RELATED TRAITS IN UPLAND COTTON GENOTYPES
... to evaluate the genetic variability and yield potential in cotton cultivars was conducted at the Cotton Research Station, D.I.Khan, Pakistan, during 2013. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block design replicated four times. The genetic material comprised nine cotton cultivars viz., Gomal-93, SLH-373, BH-186, BH-172, CIM-573, CRIS- 342, CIM-591, CIM-608 and DNH-105. Results depicted the significant (P≤0.01) differences for the investiga...

 Syeda Nasreen*, Muhammad Ayub Khan*, Muhammad Arshad*, Maryam Kamal**, Doulat Baig *, M. Tariq*, Talat Gilani* and Musarrat Gilani*

COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES FOR SEED YIELD TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER
...selected on the basis of variability for yield related characters. The lines and tester restorers were crossed in a line x tester mating design resulting in 36 F hybrids. The potential parents with high general 1 combining ability (GCA) effects were identified for yield related traits. Among

females, CMS-H55-2-2-1 expressed the highest significant GCA effects for 1000- seed weight whereas female, CMS-303 represented the highest and significant...

 Mubbashira Nazir*, Saira Batool*, Sultan Ali Tariq**, Abid Hussain** and Ya Sakina**

INTERDECADAL GROWTH VARIABILITY AND DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF FRUIT CROPS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...970s to 1990s); however, variability in their production escalated and reached to the highest levels for citrus and mango again in 2000s. While, variations in guava production were the highest in 1970s followed by 1980s. On the basis of growth rate data these can be attributed to expansion in area to a great extent and partially to productivity improvement. Variations in production of minor fruits increased overtime (from 1970s to 1990s) and then declined in 2...

Basharat Hussain Shah*, F. S. Hamid*, Shams ul Islam*, Fayaz Ahmad*, Sohail Aslam*, and Noorullah Khan*

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD AND OTHER ATTRIBUTES AT SHINKIARI, MANSEHRA
...ut the amount of genetic variability that may exist in different pea cultivars. For this purpose six advance lines/commercial pea varieties were collected from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI) Faisalabad and one local variety was included in the experiment as a control. The experiment was conducted during 2014-15 at National Tea & High Value Crops Research Institute (NTHRI) Shinkiari, Mansehra. Altogether seven pea genotypes were laid out in Ran...

 Ummad-ud-Din Umar*, Muhammad Aslam Khan**, *Ateeq-urRehman*, Abdul Hannan***, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi*, Azhar Ali Khan****, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar****

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF POTATO LEAF ROLL VIRUS DISEASE PREDICTION MODEL BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS FOR FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN
...ped explained 70% of the variability in disease development and when validated on an independent dataset, the model explained 67.5% of the variability in disease incidence. This prediction model can be used for the management of PLRV in this region.

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Ali Haider Saleem1,*, Khalid Javed2, Masroor Ellahi Babar3, Tanveer Hussain3, Asad Ali2, Afzal Ali2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Zahid Farooq1 and Muhammad Dawood2
... the presence of genetic variability among Lohi animals; this variation might be associated with other economic traits for future breeding programs and marker assisted selection.
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Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar*1, Amir Shakeel1, Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar2, Sumaira Zareen2, Syeda Sana Aamir4 and Muhammad Asadullah4
... the presence of genetic variability except fiber fineness. δ2GCA/δ2SCA ratio depicted the predominance of non-additive types of gene action for plant height, number of monopodial branches, number of sympodial branches, numbers of bolls, boll weight, seed cotton yield, lint percentage, fiber length and fiber strength. The parents VH-259, CRS-456 and AA-703 among lines and PB-39 among testers displayed significant GCA effects f...

Muhammad Suleman Bacha1*, Mohammad Nafees1 and Syed Adnan2
 

...align: justify;">Climate variability significantly affects water, food and energy sectors particularly in developing countries. The current study focused on farmer’s perception about climate change vulnerabilities, their adaptation measures and relationship with the changing climatic records in the district Swat (Pakistan). The data collected through household interviews and focus group discussions. Total 177 questionnaires administered to sample househo...

Baharullah Khattak1*, Saifullah2, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharraf Ahmad2, Asad Ali2, Mohammad Junaid2, Ijaz Ahmad Khan3, Taj Ali Khan1 and Mubbashir Hussain1 

...6% J2 mortality. Genetic variability among these isolates, was studied at molecular level by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA procedure. A selected set of three random primers was used for this purpose, which resulted in 113 bands on gel for the 15 isolates of T. harzianum. The analysis of the bi-variate data, using Unweighted Paired Groups Method Averages, divided the indigenous isolates of Trichoderma, into four well-defined clusters. These results clearly...
Yakup Erdal Erturk1, Adem Aksoy2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3,*
...d that almost all of the variability in AFFLW per enterprise was explained based on the lowest GCV. In this study, social factors (farmer’s age, experience, province, educational level, social security status, and aim in performing animal production), economic factors (dry land, irrigated land, and pasturage land of the farmer) and biological factors (first live weight before fattening, and fattening period of the beef cattle) were found as influential f...
Aqeela Ashraf1,2,*, Muhammad Imran1 and Yung-Fu Chang2
... due to its high genetic variability, enormous number of environmental sources and increased resistance to antibiotics. The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis and identification of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes associated with them. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR. The res...
Adel A. Basyouny Shahin,1,* Amira M. Metwally Mohamed2 and Abd El-Reheem A. El Shatter2

 

...leles. Levels of genetic variability between the two forms were relatively low and are comparatively either within the range or quite different from those of the same species occurring elsewhere. The means of expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity were 0.175 ± 0.503 and 0.124 ± 0.496, respectively, the mean percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 29.42%, while the mean number of alleles per locus ...
Yakup Erdal Ertürk
...plained virtually all of variability in the final fattening weight (FFW) for each gender when model assessment criteria (viz. R2, SDRATIO, GCV and Pearson correlation coefficient between real and estimated scores in the final fattening weight) in the current study were considered. SDRATIO estimates of the MARS models for male and female domestic beef cattle were close to 0.05. The estimated FFW scores were correlated alm...

Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Muhammad Rizwan2*, Muhammad Akram1, Jaffar Hussain1 and Fiaz Ahmad1 

...s information on genetic variability and correlation of traits. For this purpose, fifty eight exotic and indigenous diverse mungbean genotypes were evaluated for seed yield and other related traits. The genetic analysis of mungbean germplasm revealed high genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficients of variability for biological yield (GCV% = 31.70, PCV% = 33.58), harvest index (GCV% = 27.80, PCV% = 30.16) and seed yiel...

Rizwana Qamar1, Maria Ghias1, Fida Hussain1, Sajida Habib1, Muhammad Khuram Razzaq2*, Muhammad Aslam1 and Imran Habib3 

...e of significant genetic variability among hybrids and inbred lines. Hybrids had more tolerance to drought conditions on both levels of water stress treatments. With the increase in stress, root length and leaf temperature increased, while shoot length, plant fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll fluorescence and relative water content decreased at seedling stage. Hybrid FH-630 and Hysun-33 are identified as the most drought tolerant genotypes used in present stud...

Imadud Din1*, Fazal Munsif1, Irfan Ahmad Shah3, Hamayoon Khan1, Fahad Ullah Khan1, Ibrarullah2, Shahab Uddin4 and Tauqir Islam1 

...ence of adequate genetic variability among the tested wheat genotypes. High PCV and GCV were found in grains spike-1, while highest broad sense heritability with inferior genetic advance was recorded for plant height. Wheat genotype PR-110 out performed for grain yield, while PR-103 exhibited higher biological yield. Highest number of productive tillers m-2 was counted for PR-111, while intense leaf area index was displayed by PR-103. Hybrid-404 had relatively...

Arshad Iqbal1*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Hidayat ur Rahman1, Faiza Aman2 and Aziz-ur-Rahman

...conducted to investigate variability, heritability and genetic advance among F5:6 lines of rice for various morphological traits. Thirty-eight lines derived from F5 rice cross combinations along with their 8 parents were planted in a randomized complete block design (RCB) having three replications at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2016 rice crop growing season. Data were taken on some of the morphological traits like number of days to heading (...

Khush Bukhat Zahid1*, Ghaffar Ali2, Samina Sabir1 and Mohammad Fayaz2 

...etween climate and yield variability. The results show that higher amount of rainfall has a negative and significant impact on the production of all crops including wheat, rice and maize. It may be because unexpected rainfall in Pakistan during monsoon season severely damages crops. This result is consistent with our expectation that high level of rainfall would decrease agricultural productivity and contribute to food insecurity in Pakistan. However, variatio...
Faiz Muhammad1,2, Canfeng Dou1, Zhen-ming Lü1,*, Li Gong1, Xun Du1 and Muhammad Shafi3
...aters.
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Muhamad Jawad*, Shahid Riaz Malik, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar, Muhammad Asadullah, Israr Hussain and Rabia Khalid 

...raits showed significant variability among the genotypes. Correlation analysis indicates negative correlation of yield with lowest pod height and highly significant correlation between lowest pod height and plant height. Cluster analysis performed for qualitative and quantitative traits separately. It was observed that genotypes with suitable plant type for mechanized harvesting belongs to different cluster and high yielding genotypes belongs to another cluste...

Ali Awais, Charassri Nualsri and Watcharin Soonsuwon* 

...">To enhance the genetic variability and to create new and diverse characters to a natural population, researchers sometimes opt for mutation breeding. This research has been done to investigate the effective doses of EMS and to observe the phenotypic variability of the two upland rice genotypes Dawk Pa-yawm (white rice) and Dawk Kha 50 (red rice), in Thailand. Seeds of the potential genotypes has been treated with varying E...

 Adile Tatliyer1,*, Sinan Bas1 and Serdar Yagci2

 

...45 and 57 % of the total variability in live weight, respectively. The achieved results revealed that using of body measurements could allow breeders to conduct better breeding programs. Also, it is recommendable that periods in wide variability should be taken into consideration in selection program.

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Manzoor Hussain1, Muhammad Awais2, Farhatullah3, Saiqa Bibi1, Muhammad Rameez Khan3, Afifa Khalid1 and Sajid Ali3* 

Senol Celik
...curacy in explaining the variability in LBW compared with others. MARS produced the best fit for 3rd interaction order on the basis of the smallest generalized cross validation (GCV). In the MARS algorithm, BL and CG were the predictors that had the highest relative importance (100%) in the prediction of live body weight and these two predictors could be considered as indirect selection criteria for breeding schemes. It could be suggested that the CART, the CH...
Mohsen M. El-Sherbiny1,2,*, Reny P. Devassy1, Erinn M. Muller3, Abdulmohsin A. Al-Sofyani1 and Ali M. Al-Aidaroos1
...sity as well as the diel variability of the major mesozooplankton taxon, Copepoda was studied with respect to the prevailing hydrographic conditions along the coastal waters of Gulf of Aqaba, Saudi Arabia during the summer period. Conspicuous stratification was evident in the water column while nutrient distribution highlighted the oligotrophic nature of the region. Nitrate showed a notable increase in the deeper layers of almost all the stations and towards t...

Asad Ullah Khan1, Wiqar Ahmad1*, Amir Raza2, Farmanullah Khan3 and Muhammad Sharif3 

...align: justify;">Genetic variability among genotypes of a plant is responsible for variation in growth, yield and nutrients uptake performance. This research investigated the survival and growth efficiency of the 10 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under sand culture including Batoor-2007, Barsat (NRL 0320), Fakhr-e-Sharhad-99 (FS-99), Tatara-96 (WS 395), Paktunkhwa-15 (PR-103), NIFA Lalma (NRL 0517), Pirsabak 2013, NIFA Insaf (NRL 0707), Shahkar-2015 an...

Wajid Khan* and Raziuddin 

...d to investigate genetic variability and heterosis in eight rapeseed genotypes for maturity, morphological and yield traits. The eight parental genotypes i.e., AUP-01, AUP-05, AUP-07, AUP-08, AUP-10, AUP-13, AUP-18 and AUP-21 were crossed in full diallel fashion to generate 56 F1 crosses. These parental genotypes and their F1 hybrids were evaluated during 2015/16 in the field at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. Mean squares revealed significa...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Shahid Nabeel1 and Abu Saeed Hashmi2
... to characterize genetic variability in the growth hormone (GH) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) of Camelus dromedarius. GH is secreted and synthesized from somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary lobe and plays significant role in growth, development, metabolism, lactation, and reproduction. Growth hormone interact with GHRs and influence on metabolism and growth. Changes in GHR concentration affect signalling pathways, binding capacity and alters...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ghulam Yasein2 and Ghulam Abbas1 
...arecha camel has genetic variability in the IGF-1 and may be helpful for preservation strategies and future selection programs.  

 

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Sana Munir1, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi1*, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad2, Ismat Nawaz3, Muhammad Shahzad Anjam4, Sumaira Rasul4 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar5 

... about 80.326 % of total variability. Positive contribution towards PC1 was given by seed traits such as lint/seed, seed weight/seed, boll weight, seed index and seed cotton/seed. In biplot analysis, intraspecific hybrids and their parents were present very close to each other while interspecific hybrids, their parent and exotic line were unsimilar and far apart from intraspecific hybrids. Results of linkage cluster analysis (LCA) revealed that among four clus...
Qaisar Jamal*, Akram Shah, Syed Basit Rasheed and Muhammad Adnan
...ia tropica. Temporal variability in the morphology and various morphotypes of the promastigotes were noted. Acquisition and propagation of axenic amastigotes was assessed. During promastigote culture, log, mid-log, and late-log phases were observed respectively on day 4, 5 and 6. The stationary phase was observed on day 7. The day following inoculation, most of the promastigotes were nectomonads having long and slender bodies with roughly uniform width fro...

Muhammad Sohail1*, Imtiaz Hussain2, Maqsood Qamar2, Sikander Khan Tanveer2, Syed Haider Abbas2, Zeshan Ali1 and Muhammad Imtiaz3 

... growth stages. However, variability might exist among wheat genotypes in response to stressful conditions. The objective of the study was to test the climatic adaptability potential of the wheat genotypes using canopy temperature measurement as physiological indicator. The trial was comprised of forty spring wheat genotypes which were sown on normal and late planting dates to create variable growing environments under field conditions. Wheat genotypes showed ...

Basharat Hussain Shah*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Shams ul Islam, Naveed Ahmed, Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan and Qamar uz Zaman. 

...re the amount of genetic variability that may exist in the available genetic material and to study the variability of yield and yield attributes in advance rice lines. For this purpose, fourteen elite rice lines namely Line-21, Line-25, Line-28, Line-31, Line-37, Line-46, Line-48, Line-50, Line-64, Line-73, Line-80, Line-128, Line-130 and Line-140 developed in the background of Basmati-385 by Department of Genetics, Hazara U...

Muhammad Ilyas1*, Sardar Ali Khan1, Shahid Iqbal Awan1, Shafiq-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Riaz Khan2 and Sumaira Hafeez1 

...a broad range of genetic variability and displayed different levels of drought tolerance. Four inbred lines were selected i.e. VDR-51, DR3-126, DR-37 and 5CDR-53. Crosses were done among the selected inbred lines. Six generations as P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 were prepared for both the crosses to calculate heterosis and inbreeding depression for Randomized Complete Block Design under split plot arrangement. Highly significant inbreeding depression was recorde...
Peimin Yang*, Zongyun Hu, Yixin Liu, Guanghai Jin and Lei Wang
... investigate the genetic variability and population structure of this species in its native range, we analysed variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) for 94 specimens collected from five locations. Sequence analysis showed that there were 50 polymorphic sites and 20 haplotypes among five populations, and the samples exhibited high haplotype diversity (h=0.8467) and low nucleotide diversity (Pi=0.0063). Genetic dista...
Qingzhan Ma1, Bo Wu1, Jianping Jiang2 and Zhaobin Song1,3*
...esent study, the genetic variability and relationships of the domestic populations of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in Sichuan Province, China were studied to determine their genetic background and provide essential data for its artificial breeding. Eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic characteristics of eight channel catfish populations (POPA, POPB, POPC, POPD, POPE, POPF, POPG, and POPH). The average polymorphic informatio...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Sami Ul-Allah2*, Muhammad Naeem1, Muhammad Ijaz2 and Muhammad Qadir Ahmad3 

...to investigate genotypic variability and correlations among upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivars for some physical (seed weight, seed surface area and seed density) and biochemical (seed oil contents) seed traits. The study determined the effects of water stress on genetic variability of root and shoot traits and association of the seed traits with seedling vigor. 15 cotton cultivars were studied at two levels of irr...
Muhammad Mohibullah1*, Mehran1, Sundas Batool1, Muhammad Amin1, Zakiullah1, Muhammad Ilyas2, Irfanullah1, Abdur Rehman1 and Sardar Ali3
...height: normal;">Genetic variability and heritability studies were carried out during 2017-2018 for earliness, phonological and yield related parameters in desi Cicer arietinum L. genotypes atAgriculture Research Institute, D. I. Khan, Pakistan. Sixteen chickpea genotypes including 14 accessions along with 2 check varieties (Bhakkar-2011 and Bittle-2016) were grown and evaluated according to (RCB) design in three blocks. High variation were noted in the...

Sajjad Ali1, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1, Daulat Khan1, Mohammed Sharif2, Hamad Khan1, Asmat Ullah3,
Abdul Malik1 

PREDICTING FUTURE TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION OVER PAKISTAN IN THE 21ST CENTURY
...rent models show greater variability compared to temperature changes. An
increase in precipitation in the range of (1-11%) was projected over Pakistan for the mid century. However, central
Balochistan and southern Punjab showed negative precipitation departures ranging from -1 to-11%, thus increasing
the likelihood of droughts in these regions. For the end century, positive precipitation departures were projected
throughout the coun...

 Muhammad Shahzad1, Arif Iqbal Umar1, Syed Hamad Shirazi1, Muhammad Tariq Pervez2*, Zakir Khan1, Waqas Yousaf1

HCDP: HEPATITIS C DATA BANK OF PAKISTAN
...e structural and genetic variability of the sequences efficiently and effectively. HCDP is a specialized database that mainly focuses on the HCV strain from Pakistani community. It helps virologists in drug designing and vaccine development.

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Rao Wali Muhammad1, Hafiz Muhammad Wasif Ali2*, Amir Hamza1, Muhammad Qadir Ahmad2, Abdul Qayyum2, Waqas Malik2 and Etrat Noor2

Estimation of Different Genetic Parameters in Various Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes under Field Condition
...o estimate the extent of variability for studied parameters and to partition the germplasm into various cluster groups on basis of their mean performance. A value of 74% was indicated by the first three PCs, which showed the highest variability between studied parameters. Eigen values >1 contributed variability between the genotypes under field condition. Minimum and maximum heritabilit...

Attiq ur Rehman1,2*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil3 and Ihtisham Ali4

Genetic Diversity and Traits Association in Tetraploid and Hexaploid Wheat Genotypes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan
...garding the magnitude of variability as well as the correlation among agronomically important traits renders the basis for development of a successful crop improvement program. An experiment containing 16 wheat genotypes (8 durum and 8 spring wheat) was conducted in crop season of year 2015-2016, at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar. The experimental design used was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The parameters under s...

Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Subhan1, Muhammad Nisar2, Ali Hazrat2, Zahid Fazal1, Gul Rahim2, Imran Ahmad1, Riaz ul Haq1 and Shamia Bibi1

Genetic Diversity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarus L.) Collected from Different Ecological Zones of Malakand Division (A Part of the Sino Japanese Region of Pakistan)
... identified quantitative variability of 55 common bean landraces. The eigenvalues of more than 60.8% accounted a total of 70% genetic variants. Finally, it was found that a high degree of variance was identified in all germplasm collected from Malakand sections with some additional unique characteristics, such as early cooking, high productivity and protein significance as compared to other parts of the world, which could be utilized for evolving better qualit...

Saeed Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Habib ur Rahman1,3*, Tanveer-ul-Haq2, Mahmood Alam Khan4 and Arshad Mahmood5

Evaluation of Different Production Systems in Combination with Foliar Sulphur Application for Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Arid Climatic Conditions of Pakistan
...ropping systems. Climate variability is another emerging threat for current production and cropping systems especially in south regions of Pakistan having high arid climatic conditions. A study was conducted in South Punjab (30°1575 N, 71°5249 E) to evaluate the performance of sunflower production systems (nursery transplanted and direct seeded) and sulphur foliar spray (0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) on sunflower in a randomized complete block, with split pl...
Atef  Mohamed El-Sagheer
Status of Phytonematodes in a Main Commercial Banana Production of Upper Egypt
... observed that there was variability in population density, frequency of occurrence and prominence value of some plant parasitic genera e.g., Meloidogyne in Abo-Teg and East Mangabad has the most prominence value (17.20 and 19.80) followed by Longidorus and Radopholus in Manfalot (17.20 and 15.36), respectively. The lowest prevalent genus was Heterodera which was absent in two surveyed localities viz., Abo-Teg and Assiut regions but present in Manfalot and Eas...

Muhammad Ali Shah, Faiz Ur Rehman, Abbas Mehmood, Fareed Ullah, Sayed Irfan Shah and Syed Majid Rasheed*

Combining Ability, Heritability and Gene Action Assessment in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for Yield and Yield Attributes
...additive type of genetic variability indicated that it could be integrated as a valuable tool in breeding strategies to choose genotypes of B. napus L. for high yielding traits. 

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Imran Ahmad Rana*, Muhammad Ali Yab and Ch. Abdul Rehman

Quality Engineering Tools Implementation a Comparison of Indian and Pakistani Business Organizations
...ignificant in explaining variability of six sigma results in the region. Results show that the countries were found similar on effect of six sigma practices on customer satisfaction, where common elements like SS Training management, Information and Communication planning and execution, and quality control practices found statistically significant variables explaining variability of customer satisfaction. The study may help ...

Muhammad Rizwan1*, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Aqeel Sarwar4, Abid Ali3, Farrukh Ilahi1, Muhammad Asif1 and Ghulam Sarwar1

Quantitative Studies in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using Multivariate Techniques
... to evaluate the genetic variability for fifteen parameters viz., plant height (cms), days taken in 50% flowering, monopodia plant-1, sympodia plant-1, boll weight (g), No. of bolls plant-1, ginning out turn (%), lint index(g), seed index(g), 2.5 percent span length(mm), bundle strength(g/tex), micronaire (µg/in), fibre elongation (%), uniformity ratio and yield plant-1(g). Using Mahalanobis D2 analysis, these parameters were assembled into seven cluster...

Saba Aleem1*, Mehvish Tahir2, Iram Sharif3, Muqadas Aleem4, Muhammad Najeebullah2, Ali Nawaz1, Amina Batool1, Muhammad Imran Khan1 and Waheed Arshad1

Principal Component and Cluster Analyses as Tools in the Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Late Season Cauliflower Genotypes
...ogram as determining the variability of germplasm is an indispensable assist for crop improvement strategies. Multivariate analyses such as cluster and principal component analysis measures the amount of genetic diversity in respect of several charaters and asseses the relative contribution of different traits to the total variation. In the present study, nineteen genotypes were evaluated for presence of genetic diversity through principal component and cluste...
Ghulam Sarwar1, Amna Nazir1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Eram Shahzadi2 and Abid Mahmood3
...ontributed 79.9% towards variability. In PC-I, there was maximum positive factor loading of earliness traits, fiber fineness and negative factor loading of sympodia per plant and seed cotton yield. In PC-II, there was maximum positive factor loading of bolls per plant and GOT % while negative factor loading for CLCuV % and fiber length. A biplot between PC-I and PC-II showed that major contribution towards variability of fib...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Ayesha Iqbal1 and Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,3
...permil; to -3.8‰) variability may indicate a climatic shift in precipitation source or amount rainfall through time. We suspect that grasslands expanded at the expense of forests towards the latest Miocene while environment became drier and warmer. These analyses also reveal that hipparionines shifted from C3 browsing to mixed C3/C4 and to C4diet at the end of Miocene.
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Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir2*, Shanza Ahmed3, Muhammad Amjad Bashir1, Shahbaz Ali1, Syeda Amber Hameed4Munaza Batool5, Irfan Ahmed6 and Muhammad Naeem Khan7
...he localities, while low variability with respect to evenness had been found in two different types of soil. The highest diversity of soil inhabiting Prostigmata were recorded in undisturbed type of soil in the month of June at Faisalabad locality (H’=1.33) and lowest (H=0.00) in disturbed soils in October, December at Gujranwala and Chakwal. The highest values of family richness (S=04) was reported in undisturbed soil at Faisalabad, D.G. Khan and Chakwa...

Muhammad Jahanzaib1*, Nazakat Nawaz1, Muhammad Arshad1, Haris Khurshid1, Muzamil Hussain2 and Shahid Ali Khan1

 

 

...cted to estimate genetic variability, traits association, and path coefficient analysis in eleven groundnut advanced breeding lines together with check vis BARD-479, using randomized complete block design with three replications at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. Through One-Way Analysis of variance significant discrepancies were found among the genotypes for most of the traits. In this study 100 kernels weight was found in s...

Faiza Aman1,*, Neelam Ara1 and Syed Mehar Ali Shah2

 

 

...ive traits to assess the variability and association patterns for the characters under study. The genotypes were grown in plots using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) at Horticulture Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2016-2017 pea growing season. All the studied parameters showed significant (p≤0.01) differences, indicating the presence of sufficient variability among the genotypes. Minim...
Grace Okongor, Chukwudi Njoku*, Pauline Essoka and Joel Efiong
...he nexus between climate variability and yam (Dioscorea spp.) production in Ikom Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Rainfall, temperature, sunshine and relative humidity (1976-2016), as well as yam yield data (1990-2016) were considered. Results revealed that climate elements fluct...
Md. Sabbir Ahamed1, Md. Rayhan Chowdhury1, Md. Atik Mas-ud1, Sujat Ahmed2, Md. Shahadat Hossain1 and Mohammad Nurul Matin1
 
 
...t: normal;">Here genetic variability, correlation coefficient and character association of yield and yield contributing traits of 13 local rice cultivars grown in Bangladesh were estimated. Results indicated that most traits including, plant height (PH), panicle length (PaL), leaf length (LL), leaf breath (LB), 100-grain weight (100-GW) as well as filled and unfilled grain per panicle (FGPa, UFGPa), and primary branch (PB) obtained significant variation in cas...

Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Abdul Waheed, M. Abbas Khan, Imtiaz Ahmad, Shamsul Islam, Basharat Hussain Shah, Sohail Aslam and Qamar uz Zaman

...014-16 to assess genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean for various growth attributing traits of fifteen early flushing tea (Camellia sinensis L) clones. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication and 100 plants per replication.  Data were recorded on plant height (PH), number of branches per plant (NBP), number of leaves per plant (NLP), stem diameter (SD), main root len...

Hafiz Basheer Ahmad1*, Sajida Habib2, Waqas Shafqat Chattha3, Rizwana Qamar2, Shazia Saeed2, Abdul Khaliq1 and Salsabeel Rauf2

...ted 39.57 % of the total variability while second eigenvalue equals 1.24 and showed 17.76% of the total variability. The first two factors showed 57.34% of the initial variability. The principal component analysis for R-lines showed that the first eigenvalue equals 3.73 and represented 53.21% of the total variability while second eigenvalue equals 1.34 a...

Tanweer Fatah Abro1, Asif Ali Kaloi1, Jay Kumar Sootaher1*, Piar Ali Shar1, Tarique Ahmed Baloch2, Tanveer Ali Soomro1, Muhammad Saleem Chang3, Kirshan Kumar Menghwar1 and Waqar Hussain Shah4

...017 to determine genetic variability, heritability, and genetic gain in nine F4 segregating populations for morphological, yield and fiber quality related traits in upland cotton. Significant differences were observed among genotypes, parents, F4 populations and parents x F4 populations for all the studied attributes which articulated greater genetic variation in the breeding material. Heritability estimates were moderate to high for all the traits. The F4 pop...

Saba Aleem1*, Iram Sharif2, Mehvish Tahir3, Muhammad Najeebullah3, Ali Nawaz1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Amina Batool1 and Waheed Arshad1 

... to assess the genotypic variability and relationship of accumulation of glycine betaine, proline, chlorophyll contents, and cell membrane thermostability with yield in different cauliflower varieties under heat stress. Heat stress was imposed by early sowing of genotypes (in July as compared to September sowing). Under the early sown condition, the high temperature was experienced by the plants during the curd development stage. Heat tolerance ability of the ...

Rahat Rukhsana1, Shahnaz Rashid2, Asma Fatima2, Owais Iqbal Khan3, Syed Babar Hussain Shah4, Mumtaz Ali4 and Ghulam Abbas2*

...ted 99.97 % of the total variability in water quality of fish and shrimp ponds at different farms. Positive loadings indicated high contribution of water quality variables throughout the study period.

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Syed Muhammad Sulaiman, Nazir Ahmad and Nazir Ahmad Khan*

...e results revealed large variability (P < 0.001) in DM yield, ranging from 1943 to 2763 kg/ha. There was also greater variability (P ˂ 0.001) in morphological characteristics among the wheat cultivars. The percentage of leaves varied from 0.33 to 0.45% and leaf to stem ratio varied from 0.47 to 0.84. There was also marked variation (P ˂ 0.001) in the plant height, ranging from 68.7 to 79.3 cm. The chemical composition s...

Zainab Iftikhar, Muhammad Arif, Iqbal Munir and Sajid Ali

...ing 2017-18, significant variability (P<0.01) was observed for days to jointing and booting, the parameters related to crop duration. The overall impact was negative on the crop duration, resulting in selection of earlier lines. Although selection increased the mean value, the variability decreased for most of the parameters. Variability in Chinese hybrids reflects on the potential of s...
Kang Chen1,2, Dekui He1, Chengzhi Ding3,4, Yintao Jia1 and Yifeng Chen1*
...all;">Otolith geographic variability is investigated as a tool for fish stock discrimination. Despite increasing studies of otoliths in marine ecosystems, feasibility of otolith shape as an investigative tool in freshwater fish assemblages needs to be validated. The aim of this study was to test stocks of Gymnocypris selincuoensis that may be distinguished using otolith shape from three rivers and eight lakes in northern Tibet. Shape indices (SDs) (form...

Muhammad Nauman1, Iftikhar Ali3, Nazir Ahmad1,2*, Fazli Ahad1 and Touheed Iqbal4

...imed to estimate genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for quality characters in Brassica carinata L. A total of 22 genotypes comprised of six parental lines and their 16 bulked F2 populations were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2013-14. Data were recorded on oil content, protein content, oleic acid, glucosinolates, erucic acid, and linolenic acid. Signif...

Amir Muhammad Khan1, Laila Fayyaz2*, Raziuddin2, Sajid Ali1, Israr-ud-Din1, Sheraz Ahmad2, Haidar Ali1 and Ijaz Ahmad2

Syed Rashid Ali1*, Saad Uddin Khan1 and Ahmed Raza ul Mustafa2

...ility. The exchange rate variability is a risk which may force the producers to change their production preferences. The Cobb-Douglas production function used to examine the functional association between exchange rate variability and behaviour of Pakistani rice producers. The Exchange rate volatility is measured through the Moving Average Standard Deviation and time-series data from 1981 to 2018 collected from various sourc...

Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui1*, Muhammad Mahran Aslam1, Mahboob Ali Sial1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Shafquat Yasmeen1, Shumaila Sial2 and Imtiaz Ahmad Khan1

...align: justify;">Genetic variability is a prerequisite for any effective breeding program. Surhan-2012 (R00-125/14) is the mutant line that developed through mutation breeding (Gamma radiation) from Rainbow parent. Initially, the promising mutant line was selected from mutant population and advanced homozygous mutant progenies during 2004-05 for yield evaluation in zonal varietal trials and the national uniform rapeseed yield trials (NURYT). The resultant vari...
Nida Sadaqat1, Abdul Wajid2, Quratul Ain2, Muhammad Zia Akbar2Farkhanda Manzoor4, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Nasir Ali3,  Masroor Ellahi Babar3 and Tanveer Hussain3*
... Punjab urial showed low variability and is resemble to previous findings for wild animals. Prevalence-estimate, transmissibility, distribution, and host-range of prion disease in wild-animals remain undetermined.
...

Muhammad Usman Asif*, Raza Muhammad, Waseem Akbar, Mubasshir Sohail, Muhammad Awais and Javed Asgher Tariq

... 76.4, 91.4 and 69.4% of variability in the abundance of pink bollworm in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The results of the study allow pest managers to focus treatment during the time of year when moths are most abundant.

 

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Samaria Nisar1, Tariq Manzoor Khan1, Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal1, Rahmat Ullah2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta3*, Saghir Ahmad3, Amna Bibi3, Hafeez ur Rehman4, Umar Farooq4 and Muhammad Zubair Ishaq5
...research was to quantify variability and conduct a correlation analysis to see potential for selection in the F2 population. Plant height (cm) was found to have a positive relationship with boll weight, bolls/plant, fiber strength, fiber length, and fiber fineness when the correlation coefficient was calculated. The bolls/ plant revealed a positive correlation with the boll weight and the production of seed cotton. Boll weight revealed a positive correlation w...

Muhammad Rizwan1*, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Amjad Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Riaz4, Muhammad Rafique Shahid3, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas1 and Muhammad Kashif Shahzad Sarwar1

...f first two PCs in total variability was 70.77% amongst the genotypes assessed for chlorophyll contents, seed cotton yield and related traits. Remaining six components contributed very less viz. 30.8% in total variability. Valuable positive factor loadings on PC I was attributed by seed cotton yield, chlorophyll contents, boll weight, No. of sympodia, seed index and Ginning out turn (GOT)%. In PC II, maximum positive contrib...

I Nyoman Sulabda1*, I Nengah Wandia2, I Ketut Puja3 

...ro white cattle. Genetic variability was low, with observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity for locus BM1815 was 0.778 and 0.51, and for DRB3 was 0.556 and 0.478, respectively. Moreover, the polymorphic information content (PIC) for these two microsatellite was 0.397 for BM1815 and 0.413 for DRB3. The Taro white cattle showed low level of genetic diversity. This result would be used as an initial guide for conservation decisions in future for surv...

Abdul Haleem1*, Ghulam Hassan1, Arshad Iqbal2, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Sajid3, Farhad Ahmad4, Rafi Ullah Khan5 and Mohammad Ilyas2

...ation. To assess genetic variability, broad sense heritability and traits varied from, 36 lines of wheat were field tested in RCBD with three replications. The experimental materials include twenty eight F2 population and eight parents. Data showed considerable genetic variation amongst the studied lines, parents, F2 progeniessand parent versus F2 progenies for all the studied traits. Among parents, best lines were Atta-Habib for plant height (95.10cm) and til...

Saba Iqbal, Asmat Ullah*, Muhammad Luqman, Hafiz Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Kashif Munir and Nawal Zafar

... the context of seasonal variability and climate change. Hence it is crucial to explore useful techniques in crop production that utilize less water without compromising yield, sacrificing income of the farming community and evidencing sustainability in production systems. Thus, a two years field study (during 2017-18 and 2018-19) was conducted at research area of Agronomic Research Station Khanewal, Punjab, Pakistan to compare the existing traditional winter ...

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Kaiser Latif Cheema2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Imtiaz Ali4, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid2 and Zeshan Ali5

... contribution in genetic variability. Cluster analysis distributed the genotypes into four distinguished clusters. Agglomerative dendrogram of genotypes was constructed by Ward’s method. On the basis of Euclidean distance it was observed that members of cluster 3 (G.P-110, G.P-111, G.P-115, G.P-116, G.P-121, G.P-125, G.P-138, G.P-139, G.P-150, G.P-151, G.P-164, G.P-165) and cluster 4 (G.P-112, G.P-126, G.P-140, G.P-152, G.P-166) were most diverse. Result...

Hafeez-ur-Rehman1*, Umar Farooq1, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Saghir Ahmad2, Muhammad Akram2, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid2, Hammad Hussnain2, Muhammad Shahid2, Muhammad Mehmood Iqbal2, Ali Raza2 and Muhammad Iqbal2

Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Usman1,*, Abdul Jabbar1, Saba Usman3, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Husnain1, Nadeem Raza1 and Anwar-ul-Haq4

...ne phylogeny and genetic variability of various isolates identified during the study, and report hematology of the affected bovines. The incidence of coxiellosis was estimated as 32.12% and 12.5% in cows and buffaloes, respectively. The association of selected clinical biomarkers was also ascertained and all of these were found significantly (p<0.05) associated with the incidence of coxiellosis. The results of animal-related risk factors indicated that with...

Tehseen Ali Jilani1*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani2, Javeria Sherani3, Kashif Waseem2, Muhammad Sohail Khan2, Hasnain Saleem3, Abdul Manan2, Rashid Jawad2 and Sami Ullah4

...o. Statistically maximum variability was shown by Climax and Green feast for plant height (81.33 and 80.77 cm), number of pods plant-1 (18.64 and 17.77), weight of pods plant-1 (51.74 and 50.89 g), pod length (11.09 and 11.31 cm), pod width (2.51 and 2.31 cm), number of grains pod-1 (8.02 and 7.64), and pod yield (5.61 and 5.50 t ha-1), respectively. Almost similar results were obtained in S2. Results concluded that the best yielding capability of genotypes Cl...

M.A. Salam1,*, Sarada Kanta Bhagabati1, Rajdeep Datta1, H. Ramananda Singh2 and Gunajit Oinam2

... has been defined as the variability among living organism from all sources including, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. The fish diversity of lake Kharungpat comprised of 29 species under 20 genera, 11 families and 6 orders. The study revealed that, among the identified fish species Amblypharyngodon mola, Esomus dandr...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Kamran Javed1 and Imran Akhtar2

....826% towards cumulative variability. Yield related traits plus lint quality attributes depicted positive loading behavior, while disease index (-0.215) and plant population (-0.054) showed negative loading attitude in PC-1. Similarly, boll counts plant-1 (0.778) and fiber length (0.480) indicated strong positive loading trend, whereas fiber fineness (-0.742) and ginning out turn (-0.709) showed negative loading attitude towards PC-2. The correlation analysis ...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Muhammad Hussnain Babar2, Aamir Hussain3, Rana Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hammad Hussnain4 and Saghir Ahmad4

...est share (74.1%) of the variability, followed by GEI (17.2%) and strains (8.7%), respectively. The first four interaction principal components (IPC) were significant at (p<0.01) wherein the first two IPCs captured (68.4%) of the GEI cumulatively. Strain ST06 (FH-492) won four environs and was declared the overall winner of this trial. The Vehari location was the best location for cotton multi-environment trials (MET) due to the bearing of minimum IPC-1 sco...

Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Javed Iqbal2, Muhammad Aslam3, Rizwan Latif4, Muhammad Arif5, Muhammad Tahir Akbar6 and Hafiz Husnain Nawaz1

...itions, varietal genetic variability and some endogenous hormonal balance. Alternate bearing results into poor flowering, low pollination, low fruit set and fruit drops. All these factors are the climatic factors dependent which can be controlled by proper irrigation scheduling, proper pruning and proper dose and source of fertilizer application at a proper growth stage. As a result, OFF season crop in once year and followed by ON year crop. Alternate bearing ...
Muhammad Younas1*, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Atiq2, Niaz Hussain1, Wasim Abbas3, Muhammad Azeem Khan4, Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Irshad1, Nasir Ahmad Khan2 and Muhammad Zubair5

Zulqarnain Haider1*, Muhammad Akhter2, Syed Sultan Ali1, Tahir Latif1, Rana Ahsan Raza Khan1, Awais Riaz1, Tahira Bibi1, Muhammad Ijaz3, Qasim Raza1, Mohsin Ali Raza4, Samina Sarfaraz1, Muhammad Iqbal1 and Muhammad Rafiq1

...oitable level of genetic variability was found existed among tested inbred lines. Higher broad sense heritability (%) was observed among tested genotypes which specifies higher proportion of phenotypic variation attributed by genetic values. Correlation matrix portrayed significantly positive relationship of grain yield with maturity days; significantly positive relationship of plant height with days to maturity and highly negative with panicle length and thou...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Imran Akhtar3, Ghayour Ahmad4 and Saeed Ahmad4

... of (20.5%) out of total variability. Seven interaction Principal Component Axis (IPCA) were found significant at (p≤0.01). IPCA-1 and IPCA-2 were found enfolded with37.9% and 22.2% of GEI portion respectively. AMMI-1 was diagnosed as a predictive model which delineated all test sites into 4 mega environments. The strain (NIAB-1011) won seven environments and qualified as the overall winner of the trial by giving the highest 2604 Kg ha-1 seed cotton yield. ...

Kokab Nazim1*, Asghari Bano1 and Ghulam Jellani2

...types showed significant variability in cold tolerance during two growing seasons. A significant reduction in plant height, setting %age and fruits per plant was observed in sensitive genotypes. Antioxidant enzyme essay showed enhanced production of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase coupled with higher accumulation of proline in tolerant genotypes while their production was lower in sensitive genotypes during two growing seasons under stress. All the genotypes...

Ishtiaq Ahmad1,2* and Muhammad Akbar Anjum1

...ypes explained (39.62 %) variability.

...

Adefunke Fadilat O. Ayinde1*, Peter Allison Johnston2, Olanrewaju Olusoji Olujimi3, Purnamita  Dasgupta4 and Dare  Akerele5

...align: justify;">Climate variability influences the pattern of agricultural production, especially in those parts of Africa, where agriculture is mainly rain-fed. A disparity exists in how farmers perceive and adapt to climate variability that influences their production decisions and improved livelihoods. We analysed the perception of cassava-based farmers to climate variability in two ec...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan2, Rana Abdul Hameed Khan3, Khezir Hayat4, Saeed Ahmad5, Abdul Sattar6, Umair Faheem7, Hira Saher8 and Ayesha Bibi8

...ts depicted that maximum variability was due to environments (63.9%) followed by GEI (24.1%). The first two interaction principal components (IPCs) were squeezed with 75% of variability due to GEI. The genotype GN01 (SLH-Chandi) produced the maximum seed cotton yield (2181 kg ha-1) and was the winner in this trial. The site EN03 (Faisalabad during 2020-21) produced the highest seed cotton yield (2541 kg ha-1) with a (-6.82) ...

Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed1*, Aziz Ullah2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta3, Ammara Yasmeen4, Hafeez ur Rehman5 and Umar Farooq5

...the presences of genetic variability. Yield related traits like SPS, NGS, and GYP is positively and highly correlated with GL, GW, GA and GS which exhibited the importance of these indices in studied germplasm. It was therefore suggested that positively and significantly correlated traits can be used for future breeding programs. The genotypes G33 followed by G20 and G22 well performed while the genotypes lowest performed G19 followed by G15 and G13 in yield a...

Khunsa Khakwani1*, Muhammad Asif1, Zaheer Ahmed2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Yasmeen Abbassi2 and Ghulam Murtaza2 

...and testers have desired variability to exploit in the traits which were investigated.

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Wasim Akram1, Azhar Hussain2*, Sartaj Ali2, Iqbal Hussain3 and Muhammad2
...a on its Spatio-temporal variability. Between July and September 2021 in district Hunza, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, this study aimed to determine the spatiotemporal variability of two species of fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata and Bactrocera dorsalis, in apricot fruit orchards. Results revealed that there was a significant difference between the species and month to month. B. zonata had a substantially larger population than B...

Nam Thanh Nguyen1,2,3, Linh Manh Ha4, Anh Thi Nguyen5, Nam Hoang Chu5, Hau Duc Tran5, Hung Phuc Nguyen5 and Thuy Thi Ta6*

...he higher intra-seasonal variability in the slope values was evaluated, showing females undergoing gonad depletion of the two sexes during their spawning season. The condition factors of both sexes were higher in the wet season when water temperature and food availability are higher. Female fish seemed to be more sensitive to environmental changes. The high value of the condition factors was shown for fish 9.9‒12.8 cm in total length (slightly larger than th...

H. M. Hassan, M. M. Tantawy*, A. M. Younes and M. O. Sayed

...rasitic nematodes showed variability in nematodes population densities, frequencies, biomass and importance values in different Districts during 2012 and 2013. Root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. was the most prevalent genus in the entire plant parasitic nematode community having highest relative frequency (0.78 and 0.83) in both years, respectively. The lowest relative frequencies (0.31 and 0.40) were recorded for Hoplolaimus spp., and Longidorus spp., in 20...

W. M. El-Nagdi,1†, Z. , E. Ghareeb2 and E. M. Zayed3

... this study affected the variability of root yield. Stepwise multiple regression linear analysis for fodder beet yield showed that root weight per plant, gall index, number of leaves per plant and dry weight per plant were the most important contributing traits to root yield (R2= 94.76%). Hence, the selection among these traits would be accompanied by high yielding and more effective for the improvement of fodder root yield in the same conditions.

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Shafia Riaz1, Khalid Abbas1*, Tanveer Ahmed1,2*, Huma Naz3, Hina Amjad1 and Shahbaz Ahmad1

...ere compared for genetic variability in relation to growth performance. Appraisal fish fingerlings were reared in glass aquaria (twenty fish per population) for 60 days under similar environmental conditions. Condition factor (K) and growth parameters (wet weight, fork and total length) were measured fortnightly. The morphometric data were analyzed using SPSS. Genetics characterization was performed by employing five species specific polymorphic microsatellite...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Wali Muhammad1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahamad1, Annum Sattar2, Hera Gull3, Sonia Sumreen4, Malik Waqar Yousaf5, Nazakat Nawaz6 and Nazim Hussain7

...heritability and genetic variability within Psyllium is a baseline strategy for the improvement of psyllium improving program. This investigation was designed to assess the heritability and genetic diversity among fifty-eight (58) psyllium genotypes. Data on eight yield linked factors, i.e., Days to floral initiation (DFI), Days to 50% flowering (DF), number of tillers per plant (NTPP), plant height (PH), spike length (SPL), number of spikes per plant (NSPP), ...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Wali Muhammad1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahamad1, Annum Sattar2, Hera Gull3, Sonia Sumreen4, Malik Waqar Yousaf5, Nazakat Nawaz6 and Nazim Hussain7

...heritability and genetic variability within Psyllium is a baseline strategy for the improvement of psyllium improving program. This investigation was designed to assess the heritability and genetic diversity among fifty-eight (58) psyllium genotypes. Data on eight yield linked factors, i.e., Days to floral initiation (DFI), Days to 50% flowering (DF), number of tillers per plant (NTPP), plant height (PH), spike length (SPL), number of spikes per plant (NSPP), ...

Faiza Siddique1, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Rana Arsalan Javaid1, Alvina Hanif1, Maria Rabnawaz1, Muhammad Arshad2, Irum Raza3 and Abid Majeed1*

...xhibits notable varietal variability. for the estimation of elite coarse rice lines to withstand against the drought stress especially during early plant developmental phases and germination and seedling stage, an experiment was carried out from June to July 2021 at the Rice Molecular Breeding Laboratory of the Rice Research Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Ten elite coarse rice lines were subjected to varying...

Hafiz Muhammad Walayat Ali1, Hafiz Basheer Ahmad1*, Zaheer Ahmad Nazar2, Muhammad Akhlaq Mudassir1, Mahmood-Ul-Hasan1, Abdul Khaliq1 and Muhammad Shahzad Afzal1

Imtiaz Kashani and Sher Khan Panhwar*

...ine intrinsic population variability in goldstripe ponyfish, Karalla daura sampled from Keti Bunder, Karachi Fish Harbour, Hawks Bay and Pasni along the coastal belt of Pakistan. Size frequency distribution based on normal distribution demonstrates that individuals of 13 cm total length were common in all groups. Some fifteen morphometric and six geometric variables were used to develop Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that revealed (76%, 13.9% and 9.8%) var...

Abdur Rauf1*, Muhammad Sadiq1, Farooq Jan1, Muhammad Qayash2, Wisal Khan3, Ikramullah Khan1, Khilwat Afridi4, Muhammad Shuaib5, Muhammad Khalid6 and Samrin Gul7

...ed to assess the genetic variability and heritability among exotic and local wheat genotypes at Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI) Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan. A total of sixteen genotypes i.e., eight exotic and eight local germplasms were sown in a three-replication randomized complete block design. The different parameters were recorded including days to heading, flag leaf area, plant height, tillers per plant, spike length, spikelets per spike, grain yi...

Salman Ahmad1*, Muhammad Asim1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2, Muhammad Atiq3, Yasir Ali4, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad5, Malik Abdul Rehman6 and Naeem Akhtar7

...um, i.e., 79, 76 and 83% variability in ACP population, respectively. The incidence of CG was observed higher (45%) in Faisalabad while lower (21.67%) in Multan. Similarly, yield losses due to CG were recorded maximum (33.5%) in Faisalabad and lowest (15.5%) in Multan districts. The current findings will help in the effective control of CG in Punjab by the in time management of its vector.  
 
Novelty Statement | The epid...

Rashid Saraz1, Saiqa Amur1, Zia-ul-Hassan1*, Naheed Akhter Talpur1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro3, Khalid Hussain Talpur1 and Nizamuddin Depar4

...ify;">Understanding soil variability is highly indispensable to achieve the goals of agricultural sustainability and environmental health. Soil variability mapping of district Mirpurkhas, Sindh, Pakistan – globally known as the city of high-quality mangoes – was done for the first time. Surface (20 cm depth) soil samples were collected from 127 locations of six sub-divisions of district Mirpurkhas (locally known ...

Rameez Raja Kaleri1,2*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri1, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro5, Raza Ali Mangi3, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4, Deepsh Kumar Bhuptani6, Sher Muhammad Khosa1, Abdul Wahid Solangi1, Ayaz Ali Lashari7 and Sheva Dari1

....13% that revealed total variability the together 67.11%. In this study 1st component was recorded 57.32% of variance showed highly significant loading to overall body measurements excluding shank circumferences result. It is concluded that PCI is a useful selection standard for improving the body weight of indigenous backyard poultry birds. In this study many variations observed showed that huge potential of birds have for improvement by selection and better ...

Mamona Jabeen1, Sumra Naz1, Hina Amjad1, Khalid Abbas1*, Sajid Abdullah1, Muhammad Anjum Zia2, Taqwa Safdar1 and Muhammad Sarfraz Ahmed1

...terventions. The genetic variability among five natural populations of Channa marulius was studied by using five microsatellite loci in a total of 150 individuals. The C. marulius population exhibited a moderate level of heterozygosity. The mean value of observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.700 – 0.833 while the expected heterozygosity varied between 0.863 – 0.868. Significant deviation from HWE (P<0.05) was observed in all the populations d...
Akram Ali Baloch1*, Adeel Ahmad2, Kaleem U. Kakar3, Sara Naudhani1, Samiullah Khan1, Agha Muhammad Raza3, Imrana Niaz Sultan1, Humaira Zahid4, Saadullah3 and Shakeela Daud1*
...d to confirm any genetic variability in the affected individuals of the families. As a result, two different missense mutations (c.830C>A resulting p.Ala277Glu and c.332C>T resulting p.Pro111Leu) in affected individuals in two of the families were identified. The nonexistence of mutations in EPM2B in the other two families could be due to presence of mutations in noncoding or non-tested loci/genes. This study may facilitate in finding prevalence of lafor...

Naeem Akhtar1*, Sana Noureen1, Muhammad Asif2, Ahsan Aziz2, Usman Saleem1, Talat Mahmood3, Nadeem Raza4 and Waqas Raza5

...well, showed significant variability for morphological characters and SCMV tolerance/susceptibility based on phenotypic scoring. Brix percentage is an important parameter as it is a yield contributing trait. Sugarcane accessions SC12 (23.03%) followed by SC11 (22.91%) attained maximum brix percentage while the least brix value 16% was observed in genotype SC31.SC4 displayed resistant to sugarcane mosaic virus but its yield was very poor as compared to others d...

Slamet Widodo1*, Mohammad Ikhsan Shiddieqy1, Teguh Wahyono2, Yeni Widiawati1, Zultinur Muttaqin1

...p;  had the highest variability among the nutrients. A total of 27 significant (p<0.05) among nutrient content, digestibility, and gas production were determined in this study. The most significant correlations were between OMdPeps and NdPepsin, CP and NdPepsin, OMdPeps and CP, CP and Fat, CP and Ca, OMdPeps and Fat, DMdPeps-Fat with the highest R (0.853 to 0.985) and R2 (0.728 to 0.970). In conclusion, there were significant correlations among differe...

Salma Sharif1, Rana Arsalan Javaid2*, Abid Majeed2, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed2, Qurat ul Ain Sani2, Faiza Siddique2, Muhammad Arshad3 and Niaz Ali

...ute 33.902% of the total variability so, the biplot was created using the first two components. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) matched those of the cluster analysis quite closely. Breeders may now use these findings to create high-yielding rice varieties as well as novel breeding techniques for rice development.

...

Tanvir Hussain1,2*, Kafeel Ahmad2, Muhammad Bilal Zia1, Hammad Uddin1, Khalid Hussain1, Muhammad Inamulla Khan3 and Said Akhtar Khan1

...w. This adaptive genetic variability has significant promise for the management and conservation of this species in the future. 

...

Hemeida, A. A., Osman, M., El-Shahat, Mohamed, Hashem, Medhat H., Mahmoud, Amal and Dahi, Hosni

... exploration on sequence variability in at least two coding regions.

...

Elkalamawyl, I.M.; Elhddadl, S.; Swelim2, M.A.; Hamdy2, S.M. and Fahmy3, Hanan A.•

Zein Salwa N; Abd El-khalik, Samaa; Khatab  , Eman A.A.H and Azzam4,Clara R.

...al Res. Center to induce variability in the sunflower genotypes; Giza 102 and Sakha 53, which could be resistant to TMV-S. The statistical analysis indicated significant differences among irradiation doses on plant height; all used doses increased plant height comparing with the control. Inoculation with TMV-S caused decreases in plant height over all other factors. Number of leaves differed significantly according to the used cultivars, gamma ray doses and T&...

Amina1, Muhammad Zahid Rashid1*, Muhammad Asim Rashid2 and Amina Rashid2

Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Naveed2,3*, Muhammad Shafiq2, Irfan Rasool2 and Muhammad Afzal Zahid2

... Henceforth, the genetic variability was created to select for high yield and wilt resistant recombinants in subsequent generations. Resultantly, a uniform and high yielding progeny line PCK-09012, later designated as “Noor-2019” was selected and evaluated for yield, agronomy, and insect pests. This cultivar revealed a potential yield of 2882 kg ha-1 in testing phase and outperformed standard checks by producing 78.2%, 13.1%, and 28.8% higher grain...

M. Imran Kasana, Rashid Iqbal Khan*, Noor Ullah Khan, M. Noman, Shahid Ali, Saima Mumtaz, Shamaila Rasheed and M. Qamar-Uz-Zaman

...d production that led to variability among off-spring and long juvenile period. Therefore, asexual propagation via grafting is the most appropriate method for producing high-quality, true to type plants. The current study was planned to evaluate four different grafting techniques (Cleft, Tongue, Patch and T-budding) in ten different cultivars of avocado. The outcomes suggested that Cleft grafting was most suitable one among all other evaluated techniques. The ...

Shahid Iqbal1, Arshad Khan, Ali Hazrat1*, Gul Rahim, Mohammad Ihsan1, Umar Zad Gul1, Maryam Bibi1, Khadija Bibi1 and Muhammad Mukhtiar2

...eport addressing genetic variability in Rhynchosia capitata.

...

Kenyum Lollen1, Judith Betsy C1*, Cheryl Antony2 and Stephen Sampath Kumar J3

...t. In the present study, variability between spermatological parameters of induced and non-induced C. carpio was documented for a period of 7 months. Further, the non-induced milt was stored for 24 h at three dilution ratio (1:10, 1:20 and 1:40) and spermatological parameters were analysed. Then the milt was cryopreserved with the best dilution ratio using 3 freezing protocols with two step cooling profile in programmable freezer. The spermatological propertie...

Firda Arlina1*, Mangku Mundana1, Linda Suhartati1, Agmelia Jasfaria2

...Balenggek chickens still variability. It is advisable to maintain the AKB Taduang type, and selection can be carried out based on shank diameter and the number of crowing.
 
Keywords | Kokok Balenggek chicken, Randah Batu, Biriang, Phenotype, Variety
...

Ndubuisi Chinedu Adikuru1*, Paul Inyang2, Abraham Agwu Ngwuta1, Chinyere Prisca Anyanwu1 and Rosemond Adaohuru Alagba1

...attern caused by climate variability and change. Selected maize (Zea mays) varieties developed for drought tolerance were evaluated over two years to identify those which could be included in the strategy for adapting to climate variability and change in the rainforest agroecology of Nigeria. The treatments were ten (10) maize varieties (eight drought tolerant varieties, an improved hybrid adapted to the location and a landr...
Abdel Satar Arafa
...ey have a wide antigenic variability in different lineages.
...

Muhammad Ayyub, Mitha Khan*, Syed Abdul Malik, Sakhawat Ali, Syed Shamsullah, Mujeeb ur Rehman, Ikhlaq Ahmed, Ameer Uddin, Habibullah Kakar, Mohammad Zahid, Khalil Ahmed, Mana Khan, Mukhtiar Ahmed, Muhammad Rafiq Khetran, Zia ul Haq and Muhammad Azam

M.I. NIZAMI

Aftab Khan*, Yasir Khan and Saleem Iqbal 

...f the restoration filter variability. Simulations were performed on various image datasets, including tests of different blur types and restoration filters. Both naturally blurred and artificially blurred images have been used to test the proposed method. The efficiency of fusion-based restoration filtering is demonstrated by the experimental findings. Results show that the fused restoration filters provide enhanced parameter estimates and high-quality deblurr...
Muhammad Bilal Zia and Muhammad Tahir Laeeq
...ar, to asses the genetic variability based on growth parameters. These parameters such as tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and survival were assessed after one and two years of plantation. The results showed highly significant differences in the tested traits among the four species. Paulownia catalpifolia was top ranking followed by Paulownia tomentosa. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were higher i.e. 23.43% and...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Miskeen Ali
...ed for assessing genetic variability and interrelationship in ten exotic mulberry germplasm accessions. The results showed highly significant (p<0.01) variation in all agronomic traits. Both direct and indirect interactions were found among the traits. The highest genetic coefficient of variation (GCV) was 48.18% in total shoot length (TSL), while the lowest GCV was 3.27% in number of branches per plant (NB). The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PC...
Aman Ullah Bhatti, Shamsher Ali and Farmanullah Khan
...adequate amount with low variability having CV=6.81% and 6.43% in surface and sub-surface soil, respectively. In the field of agricultural crops (wheat) the CV values for EC and P were 34.9 and 49.98% for surface and 32.02 and 29.48% for sub soil, respectively. Based on critical level, soil P was deficient in 27%, medium in 40% in surface soil while deficient in all the sub soil samples. Variation was also observed in mineral N (25.4 and 31.13%) organic matter...
K. M. Suleman and N. Kausar

Natalia Shchur1,2*, Tetiana Mazur1, Orest Katsaraba3, Ihor Halka2, Ludmila Shalimova2, Larisa Moskalenko4, Tetiana Ponomariova-Herasymiuk4, Maksym Lusta4, Vitalii Nedosekov1

...ptation, resistance, and variability within the “One Health” concept. It was established that the optimal way to restore the metabolic processes of Campylobacter from a cryogenic state involves reducing the cultivation time to 24 hours during enrichment and isolation. The validation of Campylobacter isolation protocols has simplified the research process, reduced costs by 50%, and decreased laboratory workload, which will enhance the efficiency of ...
Niaz Hussain1, Muneer Abbas1*, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Aslam1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Khalid Hussain2, Muahammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Irshad1, Zubeda Parveen1, Fiaz Hussain3 and Azhar Mahmood Aulakh4
...rent), to create genetic variability for bold seed size. Recombinants having higher yield along with bold grains were selected from the F2 population raised from the F1 seed. Subsequent single plant selections (SPS) were accomplished and further advancement from F3 to F5 generations were carried out through the plant pedigree selection method, mainly focusing on recombinants possessing high yield potential with bold grains. Uniform lines were selected from F6 ...

Haifen Qin1,2, Yujia Liu1, Yujie Zhang1, Jingfeng Liu1, Zhenkun Zhao1,2 and Lichun Jiang1,2*

...t exhibited high genetic variability. All PCGs initiate with ATN and terminate with the TAA or TAG except for COXI-COXIII and ND3-ND5, where they end with an incomplete stop codon (T--). All tRNAs form clover-leaf structure only apart from trnS (AGN) which possess a reduced DHU arm. The motifs ‘ATGATAA’ between ND4L and ND4, was more conserved than that between trnS (UCN) and ND1 and between ATP8 and ATP6 in the mitogenomes of Cucujiformia. The 1,1...

Shiguftah Khalid1, Muhammad Jahanzaib2*, Haris Khurshid2, Rabia Khalid3, Sundas Waqar3, Faiza Siddique3, Fazal Yazdan Saleem Marwat3 and Zahid Akram1

...is indicated the overall variability among genotypes and degree of genetic diversity. Cluster demonstration also validates the association of parameters revealed in correlation analysis. Thus results provide the information of the association of characters in correlation and split the correlation value into indirect and direct effects of characters to yield, useful for selection of traits in the breeding program.

...

Sadia Rashid1, Muhammad Waqas Alam Chattha2, Almazea Fatima1*, Muhammad Farooq Hyder3 and Nazia Tabasam1

Bushra Sial1, Arif Muhammad Khan1, Mohsan Raza1,6*, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Sayyad Ali Raza Bukhari1, Muhammad Kashif Hanif3, Sher Khan Panhwar4, Muhammad Ashfaq5

...ecies population genetic variability, genetic differences, and phylogenetic relationships between families/genera. 542 COI sequences from experimental species and an online database were considered for phylogenetic and Fst analysis. Moreover, an online QR code generator was used to develop the first-ever QR codes for nucleotide information of these species. It is the first study from Pakistan to reveal the barcode gap, phylogenetic relationship, and genetic di...

Mostafa R. Zaher1,2*, Amir A. Shehata1, Azza M. El Amir2, Naglaa M. Hagag1, Reham H. Tammam3**

...mutation rate, antigenic variability, and the need for enhanced protection and thermostability.
 
Keywords | Foot-and-mouth disease, Vaccine, Exosomes, Cell-free, Artificial intelligence, Adjuvant
...

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences

November

Vol. 12, Iss. 11, pp. 2062-2300

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