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Benefits of Incorporating Atipamezole in Medetomidine-ketamine Anaesthesia in Pigeons

Benefits of Incorporating Atipamezole in Medetomidine-ketamine Anaesthesia in Pigeons

Atta Muhammad Memon1, Ubedullah Kaka2*, Muhammad Umer3, Asghar Ali Kamboh4, Atique Ahmed Behan5, Habibullah Janyaro6, Yong Meng Goh7, Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro6Jalila Abu8, Khaleeq ur Rehman Bhutto9 and Arsalan Maqbool10


1Livestock and Fishries Department, Government of Sindh, Hyderabad, Pakistan
2Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 
3Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
4Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
5Department of Livestock Management, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
6Department of Veterinary Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
7Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
8Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
9Directorate of Veterinary Research and Diagnostics, Government of Sindh, Tandojam
10Directorate of Animal Health, Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Balochistan, Pakistan
 
Atta Muhammad Memon and Ubedullah Kaka contributed equally to this work.

*      Corresponding author: dr_ubedkaka@upm.edu.my; dr_ubedkaka@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT

Smooth recovery from anaesthesia is vital in the restrain and surgery of animals, including birds. In birds, ketamine is often combined with alph2 agonists, which are respiratory depressants to ensure safe or balanced anaesthesia. The timing of administration and the effect on recovery for specific alhpa2 agonist antidotes in birds have not been widely investigated. This study was conducted to assess the reversal effects of atipamezole administered at the first sign of recovery on medetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia in pigeons. Twelve pigeons were administered with 1) medetomidine as a pre-anaesthetic at 120 µg/Kg, followed 10 min later by ketamine at 30 mg/Kg (MK group) and 2) Medetomidine and ketamine followed by atipamezole (MKA group). Medetomidine produced moderate sedation within 3.08 ± 0.21 min. Medetomidine–ketamine produced smooth and excitement free induction of anaesthesia in pigeons. Ketamine produced surgical anaesthesia within 4.58 ± 0.68 min. Duration of anaesthesia was 55.79 ± 4.51 min. Vital parameters – pulse rate, respiratory rate and cloacal temperatures decreased significantly after premedication as well as during anaesthesia in the MK group which served as the control. The MKA group significantly increased (P < 0.001) the pulse rate, respiratory rate and cloacal temperature compared to MK group that indicated a reversal effect of atipamezole. Atipamezole incorporated into medetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia produced quicker recovery (P < 0.01) in 44.17 ± 3.01 min compared to 62.5 ± 4.64 min in MK group. Atipamezole significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the duration of anaesthesia and duration of other recovery indices. Recovery was generally smooth in all birds. Atipamezole at 60 µg/Kg produced rapid recovery from anaesthesia 18 min earlier than MK group. 

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Pakistan Journal of Zoology

October

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 5, pp. 2001-2500

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