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Control of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Infecting African Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus Using Ocimum gratissimum

Control of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Infecting African Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus Using Ocimum gratissimum

Chinenye Maria-Goretti Ohanu, Chika Bright Ikele*, Okoye, ChukwuEbuka Kingsley, Charity Chidera Eze

Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

 
*Correspondence | Ikele Chika Bright, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Email: chika.ikele@unn.edu.ng

Figure 1:

Intensity of Ichthyopthirius multifilis infection on Clarias gariepinus juvenile 48h pre-treatment with Ocimum gratissimum. Key: A: Normal control (not infected and not treated); B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chlomphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.

Figure 2:

Intensity of Ichthyopthirius multifilis infection in Clarias gariepinus juvenile 24h pre-treatment with Ocimum gratissimum. Key: B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chloromphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.

Figure 3:

Theront intensity pre- and post-treatment with O. gratissimum extract in water. Key: A: Normal control (not infected and not treated); B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chlomphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.

Figure 4:

Trophont intensity pre- and post-treatment with O. gratissimum extract in water. Key: A: Normal control (not infected and not treated); B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chlomphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.

Figure 5:

Theront intensity pre- and post-treatment with O. gratissimum extract on the skin. Key: A: Normal control (not infected and not treated); B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chlomphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.

Figure 6:

Trophont intensity pre- and post-treatment with O. gratissimum extract on the skin. Key: A: Normal control (not infected and not treated); B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chlomphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.

Figure 7:

Theront intensity pre- and post-treatment with O. gratissimum extract on the gill. Key: A: Normal control (not infected and not treated); B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chloromphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.

Figure 8:

Trophont intensity pre- and post-treatment with O. gratissimum extract in gill. Key: A: Normal control (not infected and not treated); B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chloromphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.

Figure 9:

Changes in temperature in the experimental media.

Figure 10:

pH of experimental medium.

Figure 11:

Relationship between culture water pH and intensity of I. multifiliis.

Figure 12:

Trophont (Adult stage).

Figure 13:

Theront (Infective stage).

Figure 14:

Gross morphology of infected Fish, Clarias gariepinus showing white spots (circles); A and B: Through visual observations; C: White spots under stereo microscope. Mag. 20X.

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences

November

Vol. 12, Iss. 11, pp. 2062-2300

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