Control of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Infecting African Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus Using Ocimum gratissimum
Chinenye Maria-Goretti Ohanu, Chika Bright Ikele*, Okoye, ChukwuEbuka Kingsley, Charity Chidera Eze
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
*Correspondence | Ikele Chika Bright, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Email: chika.ikele@unn.edu.ng
Figure 1:
Intensity of Ichthyopthirius multifilis infection on Clarias gariepinus juvenile 48h pre-treatment with Ocimum gratissimum. Key: A: Normal control (not infected and not treated); B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chlomphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.
Figure 2:
Intensity of Ichthyopthirius multifilis infection in Clarias gariepinus juvenile 24h pre-treatment with Ocimum gratissimum. Key: B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chloromphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.
Figure 3:
Theront intensity pre- and post-treatment with O. gratissimum extract in water. Key: A: Normal control (not infected and not treated); B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chlomphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.
Figure 4:
Trophont intensity pre- and post-treatment with O. gratissimum extract in water. Key: A: Normal control (not infected and not treated); B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chlomphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.
Figure 5:
Theront intensity pre- and post-treatment with O. gratissimum extract on the skin. Key: A: Normal control (not infected and not treated); B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chlomphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.
Figure 6:
Trophont intensity pre- and post-treatment with O. gratissimum extract on the skin. Key: A: Normal control (not infected and not treated); B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chlomphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.
Figure 7:
Theront intensity pre- and post-treatment with O. gratissimum extract on the gill. Key: A: Normal control (not infected and not treated); B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chloromphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.
Figure 8:
Trophont intensity pre- and post-treatment with O. gratissimum extract in gill. Key: A: Normal control (not infected and not treated); B: Negative control (Infected, not treated); C: Standard control (infected and treated with 150mg/L chloromphenicol); D: 500mg/L Ethanolic leaves extract of O. gratissimum (ELEOG); E: 1500mg/L ELEOG.
Figure 9:
Changes in temperature in the experimental media.
Figure 10:
pH of experimental medium.
Figure 11:
Relationship between culture water pH and intensity of I. multifiliis.
Figure 12:
Trophont (Adult stage).
Figure 13:
Theront (Infective stage).
Figure 14:
Gross morphology of infected Fish, Clarias gariepinus showing white spots (circles); A and B: Through visual observations; C: White spots under stereo microscope. Mag. 20X.