Phylogenetic and Histopathological Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus (VII.1.1) Recently Isolated from Naturally Infected Quails in Egypt
Mohamed Lebdah1, Sahar Abd El Rahman2*, Ahmed Attia3, Reham Karam2, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1, Mohamed Ibrahim El Bagoury1
1Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511, Egypt; 2Department of Virology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Egypt; 3Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Egypt.
*Correspondence | Sahar Abd El Rahman, Department of Virology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Egypt; Email: sahar_virol@mans.edu.eg
Figure 1:
Clinical signs in naturally infected quails 2 months age from Egypt: (A, B) Nervous signs including torticollis and opisthotonos; (C) Digestive disorder including whitish and greenish diarrhea; (D) Deterioration of egg including broken, thin shell and loss of pigmentation.
Figure 2:
Post-mortem changes in naturally infected quails (2 months age) from Egypt: (A) Engorged blood vessels, congestion and hemorrhages in brain; (B) Severe congestion in the liver; (C) Greenish contents of the gizzard.
Figure 3:
The inoculation of the supernatant of tissue suspension prepared from pooled organs of naturally infected quails into the allantoic cavities of 10-day-specific pathogen free-embryonated chicken eggs (A) Embryo showing congestion, dwarfism and sub-cutaneous hemorrhages on the head and legs and (B) The negative control embryo.
Figure 4:
Phylogenetic analysis of NDV F gene fragment sequences through a bootstraps trail of 1000 was determined with the MEGA X using neighbor-joining method for tree construction. Our strain was labeled as red circle and was aligned with other strains of sub genotype.
Figure 5:
Histopathological lesions in the trachea and lungs of naturally infected quails: (A) trachea of normal quail (non-infected) showing normal wall and lumen, (HE, x100); (B) trachea of infected quail with NDV showing mucus exudate inside tracheal lumen(arrow), (HE, x100); (C) trachea of infected quail with NDV showing thickened tracheal wall by leukocyte(arrow) and proliferative glands (arrow head), (HE, x400); (D) lung of normal quail showing normal pulmonary tissue, (HE, x100); (E) lung of infected quail with NDV showing bronchial exudate (arrow), necrosed muscles (arrow head) and sero fibrinous fluid in adjacent air vesicle, (HE, x400);(F) lung of infected quail with NDV showing focal pneumonic area fibroblasts, macrophages and giant cells within pulmonary exudate (arrow), (HE, x100).
Figure 6:
Histopathological lesions in the liver and brain of naturally infected quails; (A) liver of normal quail showing normal hepatic parenchyma, (HE, x400); (B) liver of infected quails with NDV showing intense sinusoidal congestion, large area of coagulative necrosis containing erythrocytes apoptosis(arrow) and minute necrosis of the hepatic parenchyma, (HE, x400); (C) liver of infected quails with NDV showing interstitial lymphocytic aggregation, (HE, x400); (D) brain of normal quail showing apparently normal brain tissue, (HE, x100) (E) brain of infected quails with NDV showing perivascular hemorrhages in Virchow robin spaces and non-suppurative encephalitis. besides, hemorrhages in meninges, (HE, x100); (F) brain of infected quails with NDV showing sub meningeal lymphocytic infiltration, extra vasated erythrocytes and edema, (HE, x400).