Seroprevalence of Rubella IgG and IgM in Pregnant Woman Attending Antenatal Clinic of State Specialist Hospital Osogbo
Seroprevalence of Rubella IgG and IgM in Pregnant Woman Attending Antenatal Clinic of State Specialist Hospital Osogbo
Basirat Opemipo Amoo-Adeboye1*, Kazeem Olanrewaju Amoo2, Saheed Adeyinka Odediji3, James Akinwunmi Ogunniran1, Adenike Titilayo Olayinka1 and Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye1
ABSTRACT
Rubella virus continues to be a threat to the health of pregnant women who can be infected within the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. It has been estimated that-, up to 85% of neonates are born with a pattern of growth restriction and major birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) characterized by cerebral, ophthalmic and auditory manifestations. Determination of the susceptibility levels among pregnant women as well as factors influencing their susceptibility is an important first line approach. Hence, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Rubella IgG and IgM and associated likely factors influencing susceptibility levels among pregnant women accessing antenatal care at the hospital. A cross-sectional study was carried out at the State Specialist Hospital, Osogbo. Structured questionnaires were administered to one hundred and seventy-one (171) pregnant women to obtain their socio‑demographic information and five (5) mL venous blood samples were collected. The sera were separated in cryovials and stored at −20°C. They were screened for rubella IgG and IgM antibodies using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS version 20, the Chi square test was performed at a p-value of 0.05 significance level. Of the 171 samples evaluated, 90 (52.6%) were positive for rubella Immunoglobulin G antibody (IgG) while 12 (7%) were positive for rubella Immunoglobulin M antibody (IgM). Ten (10) (5.9%) had both rubella IgG and IgM. Pregnant women within 26–30 years had the highest IgG level (38.9%), while those < 20 years had no detectable IgG (0.0%). However, for IgM, pregnant women within 20–25 years had the highest prevalence (58.3%), while those aged 26–30 years had no detectable IgM. A statistical relationship was observed between the age and the IgM seroprevalence (p= 0.000). The infection rates appeared to increase as pregnancy advanced for both IgG and IgM. In conclusion, there was a moderately high seropositivity of rubella IgG among the study population, leaving a significant percentage of the pregnant women at risk of congenital rubella infection. Hence, increasing rubella vaccination awareness among women of reproductive age and possible inclusion into the National Programme of Immunization in Nigeria is recommended to increase immunity coverage.
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