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Matheus Nunes Weber1, Simone Silveira1, André Felipe Streck1, Luís Gustavo Corbellini2, Cláudio Wageck Canal1*

...reas BVDV-2 has a higher frequency when compared with other continents. It is important to reinforce that currently Brazil has no official control program for BVDV. The significance of cattle production losses or the potential implementations of commercial barrier by other countries can possibly reason the placement of governmental veterinary measures in the near future.

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Josef D. Jarhult1, 2

...ent has an effect on the frequency of influenza complications or not remains controversial. Oseltamivir is still standard as prophylaxis, treatment of severely ill patients and patients with risk factors for severe influenza disease as well as an important part of pandemic preparedness plans. Resistance development is a potential problem both in treated humans and in the environment. The use of oseltamivir for treatment of uncomplicated influenza in otherwise ...

Rehmat Ullah1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Kalim Ullah2

...criptive statistics i.e. frequency, percentages and rank order was calculated. Chi-square test was performed to find out association among demographic characteristics and MFSC registration duration and Rank Based Quotient was calculated for problem identification. It was found that machinery was provided to almost half of the respondents. Similarly seed was the most provided input followed by fertilizers. Top most source of agriculture information was input de...

Pan-pan Guo1, Wei Liu2, Yan Li2, Rui-yu Ma2, Wang Zaigui1*, Kai Zhan2*, Jun-ying Li2 and Sheng-nan Liu2 

...ion. Genotype and allele frequency analysis showed that SNP G62976A and SNP G50831C of the HTT gene in chicken had some effects on reproduction traits, and the genotype GG was the advantageous genotype. Additionally, four HTT haplotypes (H1: GG; H2: GC; H3: AG; H4: AC) and their frequency distributions were estimated using the phase program. Haplotypes combinations constructed on these two SNPs of HTT gene were associated wi...

Nighat Sultana1,2,*, Shazia Iftikhar1, Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif2 and Iffat Tahira2

...FB1was present with high frequency in fresh (37.5%) and ensiled (41.66%) fodder, with an average concentration of 9.49 and 8.36ng/g respectively. Aflatoxin B2 was detected in only two samples (16%) (1.2 and 1.3ng/g), aflatoxin G1 and G2 were not found. Ochratoxin A was found more frequently in fresh (54.16%) than in ensiled (20.86 %) samples with a mean of 8.06 and 4ng/g respectively. Average values for total aflatoxins (TAFs) and OTA were below the permissib...

Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1*, Lorenzo Gallus2, Sara Ferrando2, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman3, Abdul Ghaffar4 and Abdul Mateen5

...ferent feeding level and frequency on growth performance, nutrient utilization and body composition of juvenile black fin sea bream, Acanthopagrus berda (weight 23.5g−125.8 g) were investigated. Fish were randomly distributed in rectangular glass tanks (150 liter) and were fed at six ration levels of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0,3.5, 4.0 and 4.5% body weight per day (BW d−1) and four feeding frequency i.e., once, twice, thrice ...

Bin Wang, Bo Zhang, Nan Yang, Liang Dou and Jianghong Ran*

..., group density, and the frequency of cooperative breeding were lower in the two natural populations than in the habituated population. We conclude that the cooperative breeding system is a facultative breeding strategy in both natural and habituated buff-throated partridge, and suggest that variation in food resources might cause variation in demography and the frequency of cooperative breeding among populations.

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Ahmed Zein Mahmoud, Muaz Abdellatif and Ahmed Abdalla

...ffect (p<0.01) on the frequency of circulating antibodies in the study. The results highlight that PPR in Hail is alarming and warrants mass vaccination along with appropriate control measures.

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Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Zhong-Yuan Zhang1, Yan-Guo Han1, Wei-Wei Ni1, Ming-Xing Chu2, Yue-Hui Ma2, Jian-Ning He3, Huai-Zhi Jiang4, Jia-Hua Zhang1, Zhong-Quan Zhao1, Yan Zeng1, Ri-Su Na1, Gao-Fu Wang5, Hang-Xing Ren5 and Yong-Fu Huang1*
... This indicated that the frequency of those five microsatellites did not increase during the reproduction of those six breeds. Therefore, these five fecundity related microsatellites are not appropriate biomarkers for goat breeding.

 

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Md. Yeamin Hossain1,*, Md. Alomgir Hossen1, Md. Nasir Uddin Pramanik1, Fairuz Nawer1, Md. Mosaddequr Rahman2, Suraiya Sharmin1, Dalia Khatun1, A. H. Bahkali3, Abdallah M. Elgorban3 and Khairun Yahya4
...#9472; sex ratio, length-frequency distributions (LFDs), length-weight relationships (LWRs), length-length relationships (LLRs), condition factors (allometric, KA; Fulton’s, KF; relative, KR), relative weight (WR), form factor (a3.0), size at first sexual maturity (Lm) and natural mortality (MW) in the Ganges River, northwestern (NW) Ban...
Mehmet Cilbiz1* and F. Banu Yalim2
...ith monthly length–frequency data. The b values of the length-weight relationship, mean condition factor, K (growth coefficient), L(asymptotic length)and to were estimated as 3.207, 1.13, 0.33 year-1, 36.50 cm and -0.476 years, respectively. Total mortality (Z) by length-converted catch curve was estimated at 0.83 year-1, fishing mortality (F) 0.14 year-1
Amjad Islam Aqib1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Riaz Hussain3, Saba Sana2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Kashif Hussain1 and Syed Saleem Ahmad1
...stitis occurrence except frequency of milking per day. Antibiogram of Staph. aureus indicated very strong resistance to oxacillin, ticarcillin, ampicilline, amoxicillin, azlocine, chloramphenicol, mupirocin, vancomycin, cefixinme, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime. In contrast to this sulphaphenazole, gentamicin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin were highly sensitive. Piperacillin, Tazabactam and cinxacin were moderately effective against Staph. aureus. The ...
Fazal Said1,Mian Inayatullah2 and Hussain Ali3*
...ening after 1800 h. High frequency of both speciesfound engaged in foraging during 20th and 25th day after initiation of blooms on sunflower due to more number of pollen and nectar. Minimum number of honeybees was recorded during initial and very last days of flowering due to less number of plants with blooms and less availability of pollens and nectar on flowers. Maximum seed production as well as oil contents was obtained from sunflower...

Sadiq Ali* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan

...hat the highest relative frequency of 28.71% was recorded for parthenium weed followed by C. sativa, C. dactylon and C. album having relative frequency of 13.33%, 12.71% and 10.16%, respectively. Comparatively, the other weeds were having a very low relative density and relative frequency at most of the locations studied. Importance value also shows that P. hysterophorus, C. sativa, C. dac...
Muhammad Ayaz1,*, Muhammad Athar Abbas2, Pervez3, Noorulain3, Yasir Amin1, Zubair Ali3, Naila Siddique2 and Khalid Naeem2
...ve. It was observed that frequency of H9N2 prevalence in poultry population was directly proportional to temperature, season and elevation.
...
Yun Wang1,*, Lei Guan1, Jiding Chen1, Yaping Kong1, Lang Si2 and Asif Shah3
... recorded the occurrence frequency, number of ungulates, and the perpendicular distance between QTH and QTR. To improve the protection mechanism for the four large ungulates viz., Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii, Tibetan gazelle Procapra picticaudata, Kiang Equus kiang) and Wild Yak Bos grunniens; we suggest that the distance between the proposed route for the expressway and the present highway and railway should at lea...
Madiha Hashmi1, Abid Hussain1, Shafiq ur Rehman1, Farida Ahmed2, Shahbaz Aslam3,Nadeem Afzal4 and Zaigham Abbas1,*
...sition 21 and the allele frequency is associated with allergy. The study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the aero-allergens and the frequency of HLA-DRB1*11 and HLA-DRB1*12 allele in aeroallergen sensitized individuals. Blood samples of aeroallergen sensitized individuals were collected at the Allergy Centre, NIH, Islamabad. Then samples were analysed at the Department of Microbiology and ...
Koksal Karadas1* and Ibrahim Hakki Kadırhanogullari2
...lture during year (WPA), frequency of changing queen (FCQ), and controlling beehives in summer (CFB), respectively. Minimum beekeeping farm numbers for parent and child nodes were arranged as 8:4 in CART, CHAID and Exhaustive CHAID for attaining the best predictive performance in AHY. In the Exhaustive CHAID, only 3 independent variables, NFB, WPA and CFB were found statistically. In the CART algorithm, only NFB, WPA and AB independent variables were found sig...
Vladimir Avdalovic1, Marijana Vucinic2, Radmila Resanovic3, Jelena Avdalovic4, Danka Maslic-Strizak5 and Milos Vucicevic3*
... substrates and the high frequency of severe FPD was estimated in both groups of broilers, pelleted straw showed lower moisture content, occurrence and severity of FPD (2.56±0.19) comparing to chopped wheat straw (3.20±0.13) at the end of the experiment. Further research can be directed to the technological improvement of chopped and pelleted straw production or into the improvement of handling with this substrate.
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Shuangye Wang1, Yunlin Zhao1, Zhenggang Xu1,2,*, Li Li3, Liang Wu1, Choucang Duan1 and Jiao Peng1

 

...and maintained at a high frequency in other periods as well. Fluctuations in feeding frequencies was consistent, peaks occurred after 14:00 hours when the frequency was the highest. Moving behaviour was split into a non-behaviour period, fluctuation period, low-ebb period, and peak period. Vigilant behaviour was influenced by external factors, and peaks appeared suddenly after the disturbance occurred. Resting behaviour occu...

Muhammad Ibrahim1,2*, Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah1, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharaf Ahmad2 and Farhatullah3

 

Muhammad Arslan Khan1,*, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Imran-ul-haq1 and Rashad Waseem Khan2
...e prevalence, incidence, frequency percent of root rot fungi and nematodes population. Maximum disease prevalence was recorded in Tibba Sultanpur (100%) and Dunyapur (88%) whereas disease incidence calculated was 5% and 4.4%, respectively, in these areas. Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) was frequently isolated (78%) from roots as well as in soil samples (81.7%) collected from infected fields. Among nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and Whit...
Wanchao Zhu1, Qinguo Wei1, Shuyu Xue1, Huanxin Zhang2, Tianshu Lv1 and Honghai Zhang1,
...81 to 0.573. Null allele frequency varied from -0.0548 to 0.0563. The sets of loci proved to correctly discriminate populations using Principal Coordinate analysis. These polymorphic markers will be useful tools for investigating genetic diversity and population structure of this species.
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Shabana1,*, Farah Ehsan1 and Shahida Hasnain1,2
...wed significantly higher frequency of the Ser allele compared to the controls (22.9% vs. 18.3%; OR: 1.32, CI: 0.95–1.83, p=0.013). The minor allele (Ser) showed a significant association with weight, BMI, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol level and LDLC had no effect on age, height, triglycerides, HDLC and leptin. In conclusion, Gly482Ser variant appears to be significantly associated with diabetes in Pakistani population. The variant appe...

Carolina Torres Alejo1,2, Laila Andreia Rodrigues Beserra1,2, Paulo Eduardo Brandão1,2, Luis Ramiro Luna Espinoza1,2 and Fabio Gregori1,2* 

...gents. The relative high frequency of occurrence of the studied viruses both in single or concomitant infection emphasizes the need for continued monitoring of poultry flocks to better understand its epidemiology and understanding the impact of one virus on the pathobiology of second virus 

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Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali

... expression with average frequency of 40.56% was noticed with three days of co-cultivation period while two days of co-cultivation period resulted 24.07% transient GUS expression. Addition of 100 mgL-1 L-cysteine in co-cultivation medium increased the transient transformation by 33.9% compared to control treatment. It has also been observed that cysteine enhanced the expression of GUS in the basal scutellar regions of immature embryos compared to apical and em...
Rehmat Ullah1*, Kalim Ullah2, Inam Ullah3, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Asif Nawaz1 
...onstrate that education, frequency of FAs visits, accessibility of FAs office and establishment of demonstration have highly significant association with provision of new knowledge at (P≤0.01) level of probability. Analysis of variance confirms that most of the farmers with more than 20 hectare land visit the offices of FAs more frequently. Rank Based Quotient technique depicted that the top priority problem identified in the study area was the scarcity of ...
Mubashir Hussain1,Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Ijaz Ahmad2*, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3 and Sohail Latif4
...ity m-2, seed frequency, diversity of weed species and relative importance value. The input and output data was also collected to find out the socioeconomic feasibility of the techniques. The comparative analysis of seed bank extraction methods revealed higher weed seeds density, weed frequency with more diversity of weed species under sieving method in comparison to seedling emergence method. Therefore, sieving m...
Sher Khan Panhwar1,2,3, Zhou Yong Dong1,4,*, Gao Tianxiang1,3, Wang Ping5, Han Zhiqiang1, Wang Zhongming1,4 and Wang Yang1,4
...a from 2000~2012. Length frequency data for 8,350 individuals were collected using pair trawl nets. The predominant size classes in the catch comprised of 130−374 mm in 2001, 83−360 mm in 2004, 53−355 mm in 2009, and 23−389 mm in 2013. Growth parameters of asymptotic length ranged from 515.6 to 768.6 mm in 2004 and 2009, growth coefficients ranged from 0.230 to 0.685, and t0 from -0.654 to -0.494. The rate of total mortality ...
Quang Minh Dinh
...gina based on length-frequency distribution analysis of 1,527 individuals. The male to female T. vagina ratio was not significantly different within and between seasons, and the parameters of the von Bertalanffy curve of this fish were given as L= 24.15 cm, K = 0.53 yr-1 and t0 = –0.03 yr-1. The longevity (tmax) and the growth performance (Φ’...
Muhammad Saqlain1, Humaira Kalsoom1, Muhammad Fiaz1,2, Abid Mahmood1, Rizwan Aziz Qazi4 ,Waseem Safdar5, Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq1,Bernard M.Y. Cheung3 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1,*
...stical significance. The frequency of 54Thr allele of FABP2 significantly associated with MetS risk in Pakistani population. Our results showed that frequency of the FABP2 54Thr allele was significantly higher (67%) in MetS cases as compared to controls (35%)(p<0.0001). The 54Thr allele carriers were at increased risk of MetS (OR=3.93, CI=2.09-7.39, p<0.0001) and obesity (for each SD change in BMI,...
Jarosław Pytlewski1, Ireneusz Antkowiak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*
Rana Hanan1*, Muhammad Waqar Shafi1, Sumair Anwar2 and Numrah Nawaz1
...s. In order to determine frequency of hypertension and pre-hypertension among medical students and their association with various variable and fixed risk factors, this study was designed. The cross sectional study of 4 months was carried out on the students of Shalamar Medical and Dental College. Students were aged from 18-25 years and a sample of 100 students was enrolled by stratified random sampling after written consent. We recorded blood pressure at three...

 Maleeha Manzoor1*, Madiha Manzoor2, Qurat-ul-ain Ahmed3, Sobia Ahmed4, Shazia Manzoor5

Tania Ahmed Shakoori1,*, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Asif Hanif2, Saima Mukhtar3 and Ayesha Ghauri4 
...ry disease (COPD). Their frequency is directly related to the prognosis of the disease. The objective of this study was to identify the ‘frequent exacerbator’ phenotype and determine the risk factors for increased frequency of acute exacerbations in local chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in a cross sectional analytical study design. For this purpose 137 patients were included in the study aft...
...t Safari zoo Lahore. The frequency of different behavior patterns displayed by these lions was studied at both study sites for three hours once a week by instantaneous sampling method for 16 weeks, from 18th April to 8th July in 2014. The frequency of stereotypic behavior including auto mutilation, refusal of food stuff, feces licking, unnatural aggressiveness, pacing, head tossing was more periodic in ...

Abida Sajid* and Aqsam Sajid 

... developing. To know the frequency of anemia, and obstetric outcome in terms of preterm delivery, low birth weight and rate of caesarean section in young Primigravida. It was a cross sectional study, conducted in the department of Gynae & Obstetric unit 5 King Edward Medical University Lahore during a period of one year from May2013 April 2014. All primigravida young 15-24years with anemia enrolled for the study. Anemia is defined as hemoglobin<10.5g/dl...

 Sumia Bint Zaman, Sidra Majeed and Shahid Ahmad*

...ns are favorable, as per frequency of crops, price and returns as oilseed get returns of 166% higher than Jatropha. Oil contents of sunflower and canola are higher than Jatropha. Analysis concludes that it is more feasible to grow oilseeds because in trade-off between food and fuel, food should win. Before launching commercial production of Jatropha in Pakistan key issues need to be addressed including maintaining the goal of food security, water scarcity, cos...

Mian Sajjad Ahmad1, Somia Iqtadar1, Sami Ullah Mumtaz1*, Zafar Niaz1, Iqra Waheed2 and Sajid Abaidullah

...stance. To determine the frequency of impaired glucose tolerance in obese patients. This Cross Sectional study was carried out in North Medical Ward, King Edward Medical University/ Mayo Hospital Lahore for 6 months i.e. January to June 2014. Total 160 obese patients visiting outpatient department of North Medical Ward, Mayo Hospital Lahore for 6 months were included by non-probability purposive sampling. Patients aged 15-70 years of either gender were include...

Halima Shoukat1*, Hafiz Sheraz Arshad2, Faiza Sharif1, Arooj Fatima1 and Filza Shoukat

...tretches were exerted at frequency of three sessions per week and three repetitions per session. Reevaluation of ROM was performed after 4 and 6 weeks. The mean values of ROM of knee extension showed gain in range after applying static stretching at 30s, 60s and 90s holding times. By applying repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA), the p-values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.001) for static stretching techniques with 30s, 60s, 90s ho...

 Muhammad Mohsin Raza*, Muhammad Aslam Khan*, Irfan Ahmad**, Ali Ahsan Bajwa***, Hafiz Muhammad Usman Aslam*, Badar Ahsan Ullah****, and Kashif Riaz*

FOREST PATHOGENS AND DISEASES UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE -A REVIEW
...ffecting the likelihood, frequency of occurrence, types and severity of forest diseases caused by diverse pests, resultantly altering the forest ecosystems. The present review covers the relationship between climate and diverse cases of forest diseases and potential shocks of climate change on pathogens and diseases. Biotic diseases, cankers, decays, declines, foliar diseases, root diseases and stem rust of pine have been reviewed with some illustrations of po...

 Muhammad Qasim*, Khuda Bakhsh**, Sultan Ali Tariq*, Mahmood Nasir***, Rashed Saeed**** and Muhammad Ather Mahmood****

FACTORS AFFECTING GROUNDNUT YIELD IN POTHWAR REGION OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...t large farms. Ploughing frequency, seed rate and labor mandays have positive relationship with groundnut productivity. Therefore, the provision of improved groundnut production technologies package and improved seed to groundnut growers may enhance the productivity and area under this crop.

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Mohammad Javad Golmohammadi1, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad1*, Bijan Yaghoubi2 and Mostafa Oveisi

...n order to determine the frequency and relative cover (RC), the samples were collected from 481 fields during the growing season and 255 fields after harvesting rice in Guilan province (Iran) from 2014 to 2016 (from April to March of each year) based on the method of Thomas by throwing 0.5m × 0.5m quadrat to count existing genus and species of weeds. According to the results, the highest frequency was related to weed s...
Aqeela Ashraf1,2,*, Muhammad Imran1 and Yung-Fu Chang2
...nes present with highest frequency were tetA (42%), tetB (28%) and ampC (26%). Fewer E. coli isolates carried tetD (10%), tetE (8%) and tetG (8%) genes. None of the isolates was positive for bla2 resistance genes. PCR results of virulence genes confirmed that 66% of strains were carrying the traT gene, 26% the Shiga toxin gene and 16% the intimin (eae) gene, while all strains were negative f...
Ye Gong, Nehafta Bibi and Haitao Wang*
... 2014). We monitored the frequency of occurrence and the fate of eggs in those nests and recorded fourteen cases of mixed clutches that contained Mandarin duck eggs. Nine cases were classified as successful nest usurpation: in six cases nests of other birds were usurped by Mandarin duck and in three cases nests of Mandarin duck were usurped by other birds. The remaining mixed clutches may be incomplete usurpation. For the nests taken over by Mandarin ducks, al...
Hasina Baloch1, Rahmatullah Rind2,*, Muhammad Rafique Rind3, Viram Kumar4, Nazia Baloch5 and Rajesh K. Oad6
...ignificantly higher frequency of non-apparent udder infection in animals was documented during August (36, 10.90%). The overall higher mean incidence (31.81%) of subclinical mastitis was detected in hot humid summer.
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Riffat Mehboob1*, Shahida Perveen2, Naseer Ahmed3
...ion between the ages and frequency of the different types of lesions was also analyzed to understand the association between predisposing factors and the nature of lesions. 
Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the FA is the most frequent benign breast lesions and is common among young females with age ranges from 10 to 20 years. FCD is the second most common lesion, while FA and FCD are less common among women older than 40 yea...
Komal Mushtaq1, Shoaib Waqas2*, Hafiz Muhammad Asim3
...ach. A similar treatment frequency was applied and consisted on three sessions per week for 2 continuous weeks. Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) was applied to assess the pain severity levels before treatment and after treatment. Data were normally distributed and therefore, change in pain intensity was measured by “t” test using SPSS version 23.0. 
Results: The calculated mean pain score on NPRS before treatment was ...
Masood Nizam Tabassum1*, Muhammad Ather Khan2, Saira Afzal3, Amir Gilani4, Abdul Wahab Gureja5, ShafaqTabassum6
...n male and female cases, frequency of cases was decreased as age increased. Both male and female cases had almost similar distribution of age. There were 830(74.11%) cases those belonged to Lahore while 25.895% were from other cities. Approximately 48.96% males and 38.92% females were educated, 37.24% males and 52.79% females had monthly income 10,000 or less whereas 34.82% males and 25.04% females had monthly income between ten thousands and thirty thousands....
Rana Khurram Aftab1*, Farhat Ijaz2, Samia Jawed3
...es: To determine the frequency of obesity according to body mass index and waist hip ratio and its relationship with hypertension among medical students.
Methodology: It was a descriptive cross sectional study where a total of 213 students of 1st year MBBS and BDS were involved. Their waist circumference, hip circumference, height and weight were recorded. Moreover, on these subjects bosy mass index (BMI), waist circumference ...
Munir Ahmad1, Aisha Hameed2*, Saba Khaliq3, Hamid Saeed Malik4 and Shahida Mohsin5
... study was to detect the frequency of TEL-AML1 fusion oncogene in ALL and its association with already established prognostic factors such as age, WBC count and FAB subtype.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-six patients with newly diagnosed ALL were studied and patients on chemotherapy and T-ALL were excluded. The data was analyzed by SPSS20 for prognostically important parameters such as age, sex, hemoglobin level, WBC profile, platelet count, ...
Zartasha Anjum1*, Rakhshindah Bajwa2 and Munazza Hassan3
...l institute, Lahore. The frequency and percentage were calculated for histological grade of the tumor and expression of HMG-CoAR, ER and PR. Fischer exact test was applied to determine the association between HMG-CoAR and ER/PR expression. 
Results: HMG CoAR, ER and PR were found positive in 69 (92%), 50 (66.67%) and 38 (50.67%) cases, respectively. HMG CoAR expression showed significant association with ER (p=0.003) as well as with PR ...
Mumtaz Akhtar, Iffat Naheed, Khadija Waheed* and Amna Khanum
...esigned to determine the frequency of postpartum hemorrhage after administration of per rectal misoprostol in females undergoing normal vaginal delivery. The study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Teaching Hospital, Lahore from 02-09-2014 to 03-03-2015. Non-probability and purposive sampling techniques were used. A total of 220patients undergoing normal vaginal delivery at term after administration of per rectal misoprostol were e...
Wang-Dui Basang1, Tian-Wu An2, Luo-Bu Danjiu3, Yan-Bin Zhu1, Shi-Cheng He3, Xiao-Lin Luo2, Wei-Wei Ni4, Xiao Wang4, Shu-Zhu Cheng4, Jian Wang4 and Guang-Xin E4,*
...ions share the most high-frequency haplotypes. Therefore, this study not only shows that the different ecotype populations of the Naqu yak carry high genetic diversity but also indicates that frequent genetic material exchanges have led to smaller differences in genetic divergence between different ecotypes.
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Muhammad Siddiq1*, Sahib Alam2, Hamid Ullah Shah2, Zafar Iqbal2, Kalsoom Siddiq3 and Taufeq Ahmad4 

...60:40% blend. The frying frequency of the oil blends also significantly (p<0.05) affected the sensory attributes of potato chips. Generally, the sensory quality of the product was enhanced with consecutive use of the same oils for up to three sessions. However, it is recommended that further studies on the repeated frying practice on the same oil sample beyond three sessions should be undertaken to draw more conclusive results 

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Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Selim Erdoğan3, Ecevit Eyduran3 andMohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...lian and Crossbred), and frequency of changing queen bee. MARS outperformed multiple linear regression, and CART in honey yield per hive. No solution for CHAID was generated. In CART algorithm, the highest honey yield per hive (51.250 kg) was obtained from the 33.5 or younger enterprises that performed only beekeeping activity. The four most influential predictors in the MARS were age of enterprise (100%), number of full beehives (100%), other races (97%), and...
Junaid Akhtar1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Abdul Waheed1, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed4 and Shah Jahan5,*
...Pakistan regarding their frequency particularly among GNRs. Therefore, the present study aimed at determining the frequency of carbapenemase and β-lactamase producing GNRs recovered from different tertiary care hospitals of Lahore during January-December 2015. Additionally, existence of blaIMP and blaVIM carbapenems resistance determinant genes in carbapenems resistant isolates was al...
Yuan Li1, Liyan Zhang2, Karhoe Loh3, Ji Feng1, Xinqing Zheng1, Puqing Song1 and Longshan Lin1,*
...iffered significantly in frequency distribution of Chinese and Malaysian populations, showing an imperfect geographical pedigree structure. Results of AMOVA also showed that the genetic differentiation was mainly among populations. According to the distribution of the haplotypes, an ancestral haplotype existed in both the Chinese population and the Malaysian population, further confirming that the Chinese and Malaysian P. minor populations originated fr...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Faraz Akrim1, Abdul Hamid1, Muhammad Waseem1, Abid Hussain1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
... were heard. The calling frequency ranged from 0.15 per minute to 0.3 per minute. Six active nests of Chukor were found at five different sampling sites; nest location was mostly on sloping areas under sanatha Dodonaea viscosa shrubs. Nesting material consisted of dry leaves of annual grass Poa annua, small twigs of bushes and downy feathers. The depth of nest ranged between 5-10 cm. Clutch size ranged from 8-20 eggs while the incubation period w...
Saba Irshad*, Aruba Muhammad, Ammara Muazzam, Farah Sarfraz Anmol and Rehman Shahzad
...nimize their transfusion frequency to 30 days in comparison to 7-15 days in Xmn1 -/- patients. Hematological analysis of thalassemic patients revealed low Hb, WBCs and platelets counts in contrast to control. The reported polymorphism was meant to be lowering the frequency of blood transfusions and to some extent responsible for diminishing the disease burden among ‘Thalassemia Major’ patients. 
...

 Muhammad Akram and Faheem Aftab

THIDIAZURON INDUCES IN VITRO BUD BREAK AND SHOOT DEVELOPMENT FROM NODAL EXPLANTS OF ORTHOTROPIC SHOOTS OF MAIDENHAIR TREE (GINKGO BILOBA L.)
...and vigorous growth. The frequency of bud break was significantly reduced with the increasing concentrations of TDZ. There were 2 phases of callus formation on the explant, i.e., before bud break and after the break. The frequency of callus induction was highest (100%) at 5uM TDZ before bud break along the nodal region. The rate of callus formation was significantly reduced once bud began to break down and initiation of gree...
Tongliang Wang1, Lele Jia1, Xiaofei Zhai1, Jianguo Cui2 and Jichao Wang1,*
...le notes with a dominant frequency of 1494 ± 80 Hz. The dominant frequency reflected body size and was static between males, suggesting it may be under stabilizing selection and used in species recognition. Sexual dimorphism in peripheral auditory sensitivity was also observedas females exhibited lower auditory thresholds than males across 600–2400 Hz frequency range. The rela...
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zaheer1, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Muhammad Shafique1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar1
...s aimed to determine the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MBL producing carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative rods (GNRs) isolated from clinical specimens. A clinical descriptive study was conducted in Faisalabad, Pakistan from June 2016 to January 2017. A total of 152 clinical samples were processed according to standard microbiological methods. Isolated GNRs were subjected to susceptibility testing against various antibiotics as per Clinic...
Kamran Zakaria1*, Noreen Munawar1 and Shafqat Ejaz2
...a exhibited a low annual frequency all over the basin; whereas additional frequencies are present with major significance that indicate changes in the rainfall system. While, the calculated global wavelet power spectra showed variable frequencies, they presentedodd patterns (symbolized by A and B) that might be used to portray the region. Therefore, three sub-regions with consistentprecipitation patterns were recognized as: Region A (not apparent) and Region B...
Madeeha Khalid and Amtul Jamil Sami*
...ort regarding the allele frequency data and SNPs of the GH promoter region and exon 1 in the Local population.
...

 Amna Younus1,3, Mariam Faiz2 and Abida Yasmeen1,*

...rphisms (SNPs) genotypic frequency among different clinico-pathological features in Pakistani breast cancer patients. Newly diagnosed 300 breast cancer women from different areas of Punjab visiting Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Lahore were included in this study. Different clinico-pathological features were described. Vitamin D levels were determined and VDR FokI and TaqI SNPs were analyzed. Among different clinico-pathological featu...

Amer Mumtaz2*, Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim1, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui2, Muhammad Naeem Safdar2, Masooma Munir2, Aqsa Qayyum2, Sahar Shibli2 and Muhammad Khalid Ibrahim3 

...ound waves above audible frequency have revolutionized food industries being inexpensive and green technology. The technology has wide range of application in food industry. Ultra-sonication, thermo sonication, man osonication and man othermosonication are used in food industries for various objectives. Sound waves produce acoustic effect and when bubble produced bursts it results in mechanical energy responsible for inactivation of the pathogenic organisms pr...
Zhaochao Deng1, Na Song2, Yongzhen Li3, Tianxiang Gao1 and Zhiqiang Han1,*
...re detected, with strong frequency differences in the geographical distribution. Both lineages were found in Xisha and Zhongsha archipelagos, but only one lineage (lineage B) was detected in Nansha archipelago. Contrary to homogenization expectation, AMOVA and pairwise FST values showed that the genetic differences among three archipelagos were all significant. The pattern of population demography showed sudden expansion model in lineage A an...

Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Nisar2 and Muhammad Subhan1 

...to 630 bp. Major allelic frequency fluctuated from 54.0% to 96.0%. An overall, the total No. of alleles per locus extended from 22 (PVBR 20) to 49 PvM053. Similarly, the frequency values oscillated from 0.06 of PVBR 20 to 0.14 of PvM053. The PIC values were ranged from 0.295 of PVBR 20 to 0.831 of PvM053. The Two Way Cluster dendrogram was conducted for 12 polymorphic SSR markers, which disseminated all common bean lines int...

Ayat Ullah* and Ayesha Khan 

...xtension-farmers contact frequency on farmers’ knowledge of improved ways of chemical, biological and cultural control methods in the rain-fed districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Using multistage random sampling technique data were collected from 395 respondents according to Yamane’s formula. The study uses the Kruskal–Wallis H test for checking differences among farmers knowledge with differences in their contact with extension servic...
Hayat Zada1, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1,*, Ijaz Ali2, Bashir Ahmad1, Abdul Waheed Khan2 and Shabeer Ahmad2
...pulations. The mean gene frequency (f), genetic distance (I) and Shannon’s information index (h) for three populations were 1.336, 0.304 and 0.437, respectively. Nei’s unbiased measures of genetic identity and genetic distance revealed that higher genetic distance was observed among the isolates from Kalam and Madyan (97.87 %) whereas low genetic distance (35.58%) was calculated for C. pomonella isolates from Matta and Madyan. These results ...
Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1, Muhammad Akram Qazi2, Shaukat Ali1*
...variations in nucleotide frequency distribution in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) in spiders used as a marker to delimit species. Based on morphological identification and sequencing of CO1 gene, a total of 22 species of spiders belonging to five families were investigated and compared within each species and among families for nucleotide frequency distribution of all species collected. W...
Shafqat Husnain Khan1, Shah Jahan2, Irshad Ahmad3,4, Sadeeq ur Rahman5,* and Tayyab ur Rehman4,*
...investigated to identify frequency of blaIMP and blaVIM encoding genes. Results of modified hodge test identified 81% carbapenemase producers, while combined disc diffusion test identified 28 isolates as MBL producers among them. Of all carbapenemase producers, 25 isolates (30.8%) of carbapenemase-producing E. coli were found to harbor bla-VIM gene, while 13 isolates (16.04%) were found to carry b...
 

Aftab Shaukat1,*, Khalid Medmood3, Irfan Shaukat2, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem1,5, Ashar Mehfooz1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Zia-ud-Din Sindhu1, Shahid Ali Rajput4, Mubashar Hassan1,4, Saqib Umar1, Muhammad Ali Jamil1, Rao Zahid Abbas1 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi1

 

...>=29.08, P value=0.000), frequency of acaricidal treatment (χ2=18.56, P value=0.001), number of cleaning times (χ2=16.11, P value=0.002), feeding system (χ2=23.41, P value=0.001), floor pattern (χ2=17.98, P value=0.000) and hygienic measures (χ2=25.79, P value=0.001) significantly influenced the incidence of disease in the cattle of district Faisalabad. A. marginale induced stati...

Mazhar Habib1, Aamir Saleem1, Arshad Mahmood Malik2*, Sarfraz Ahmed3 and Sameera Arshad4 

Peng Chen1,2, Zuhao Huang3,Chaoying Zhu1, Yuqing Han1, Zhifeng Xu1
Guanglong Sun1, Zhen Zhang1, Dongqin Zhao4, Gang Ge1 and Luzhang Ruan1*
... T. In PCGs, the highest frequency of codon was CTA (Leu). The highest frequency of amino acids was Leu, whereas the lowest was Cys. In phylogenetic analyses, Gruiformes included Grui and Ralli, and Charadriformes included Charadrii, Lari and Scolopaci. The genus Porzana was closest to Porphyrio. Gallirallus striatus and Lewinia muelleri consisted a sister group, while Rallus aquaticus was ...

Imran1*, Amanullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Zahir Shah2 and Abdul Bari3 

... phosphorus (P) on weeds frequency, and biomass at various growth stages of soybean and its yield contributing parameters. The consecutive field experiments for years 2016 and 2017 using randomized complete block design (RCBD) were conducted on soybean (cv. Malakand-96) crop. Experimental treatments included three organic sources, three phosphate rates and two beneficial microbes. Weeds found during the whole growing period of soybean crop were Euphorbia heter...

Iffat Nawaz1*, Farhatullah1, Fida Muhammad1, Sajid Ali2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali

...e was predominant with a frequency of 46.8%. Seed coat pattern was absent in 51% accessions. Five different seed coat patterns i.e., constant mottled, stripped, circular mottling, rhomboid spotted and speckled were recorded in remaining 49% accessions. Cluster analysis was performed and 96 accessions were grouped in four clusters (G1, G2, G3 and G4) based on primary seed characters. The G4 was further divided into two sub groups i.e., G4-A and G4-B. G4-A compr...

Sanaullah1, Fazli Rabbi2*, Shahid Ali2, Zeeshan Khan3 and Muhammad Zamin4 

...t militancy in Swat, the frequency of tourists was declined in the valley. As a consequence, the livelihoods of the local population were adversely affected. As public financial resources for the development of the area have been meagre in the past, therefore, this study is aimed to estimate tourists’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for development and biodiversity conservation. A well-structured interview schedule was used and face to face interviews were cond...
Yanyan Yu1,2,3, Yizhong Hu1, Qipeng Zhang1, Rongquan Zheng1,4,*, Bing Shen1, Shenshen Kong1 and Ke Li1
...related with fundamental frequency (r=0.151, P<0.01) and negatively correlated with dominant frequency (r=-0.141, P<0.01). The females frog had the shortest response time to calls of 4-note duration and rate of 15 n/min. Our results may provide acoustic information of the spiny frog to further develop effective conservation recommendations for this economically important but threatened animal.
...
Peng Ren1, Xian-Qing Liu1, Chao-Wu Yang2,3, Hua-Rui Du2,3, Xiao-Song Jiang2,3 and Yi-Ping Liu1*
...ed fragments. The allele frequency and genotype frequency of SNP4 (A4812316G) were found to be significantly different (P<0.05) between the case and control groups. However, no significant differences were found in the haplotypes of SNP1 and SNP2 (P>0.05). These results suggest that SNP4 (A4812316G) in the 3’-UTR of the MyD88 gene is linked to genetic resistance to Salmonella Pullorum ...
Jun Yan Bai*, Hong Deng Fan, Shuai Yang, Xue Yan Fu, Heng Cao, Xiao Hong Wu, You Zhi Pang and Kun Peng Shi
... AC and BC. The C allele frequency at Locus A in China yellow quail, Beijing white quail and Korean quail was the highest (0.461, 0.528 and 0.579). A total of 9 genotypes were detected in locus B in egg quail group, which were AA, BB, CC, DD, EE, AB, AC, AD and AE. The C allele frequency at Locus B in China yellow quail, Beijing white quail and Korean quail was the highest (0.612, 0.623 and 0.633). The egg shape index and yo...
Jiao Qin,Qian-Qian Su and Quan-Sheng Liu* 
...abergoline increased the frequency of investigation towards normal females and self-grooming and resting than pre-treatment. The duration of female investigation and defense towards normal males was lower in the 50-µg/kg groups at day 7 than the untreated group. Collectively, these data indicated that cabergoline might increase the amiable and sexual motivation behaviors of female R. losea, which implied that female rats sterilized by cabergoline ...
Anila Naz Soomro1*, Hiroshi Suzuki2, Sadaf Tabassum Qureshi3 and Wazir Ali Baloch1
...St. 3, St. 4. The length frequency histograms showed the occurrence of large number of juveniles at St. 3, 4 and 5 in smaller length groups. Also C. typus ovigerous females exhibiting spawning migration to the downstream and its juvenile also migrate back to upstream after completing the larval development in Urbaru stream were also observed. Presence of C. sakishsimensis at only St. 1 indicates the species is not using the river continuum for mi...
Yunfang Tian, Zeqin Fu, Jiantong Feng, Yahong Guo, Yingying Ye*, Jiji Li and Baoying Guo
... flow of the samples was frequency and showed non-significantly divergence. The results provided insights that the Yangtze diluting water and the ocean currents system resulted in the reduction of gene exchange from north to south during the spawning period and expanded the genetic divergence of M. meretrix between north and south samples. We believed that the results could provide genetic insights for fisheries management to plan the fisheries policy o...

Humayun Saleem1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Zia-Ur-Rehman1 and Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique

...l Territory markets. The frequency and severity of shot hole disease was estimated from market random samples, and later the index was measured. The results showed that in all markets with varying degrees of disease incidence, frequency and disease index the prevalence of shot hole disease was 100 per cent. It was concluded that the markets near poor colonies are merely selling cheap fruits and they are not concern...

M. Rufai1† , A. A.Wahab2 , Q. O. Adeshina1 , J. C. Umehokoh1 and O. O.Ologunro1

Occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria
...of the EPNs. The highest frequency of occurrence of EPNs94.29% was recorded in the soil samples from Eastern senatorial zone. Nematode distribution and frequency was found to be related to soil pH (pH<4.5 to pH>7.2) and soil moisture. This is the first report of these nematodes from Osun State, Nigeria.

...

Muhammad Farooq1, Shahid Bashir1*, Irshad Ullah1, Muhammad Nadeem1 

FREQUENCY AND POLARIZATION RECONFIGURABLE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
...per presents a dual band frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna. The simple design
consists of two slots and two feeds. In one slot there is a switch. The two feeds are positioned on the right and left
diagonal of microstrip antenna. When the switch is ON the electrical size of antenna becomes small and it resonates
at higher UMTS 2100 MHz band with circular polarization. Similarly, when the switch is OFF then size of...

Muneeb Abrar1, Shabbir Majeed Chaudhry2 

DESIGN OF A LOW NOISE, LOW POWER AND SPURIOUS FREE PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR AND CHARGE PUMP FOR PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS
.../> (CP)circuitsfor high frequency Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) applications. ThePFD design uses only six transistors for
the detection process, which reduces the chip area and power consumption of the PLL block. It also minimizes the
dead zone and eliminates the reset path to reduce the delay. The output is passed through a buffer to suppress the
distortion and to reduce the overall output noise. Phase noise has been reduced to -156 (dBc/Hz) a...

Farid Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Iqbal1 

DEVELOPMENT OF A TESTING RIG FOR VIBRATION AND WIND BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS
...xed displacement, single frequency and sinusoidal behavior, usage of
these shakers is limited. The less known electro-hydraulic shakers are more robust, but due to their high forces and
high velocities, these are usually utilized to characterize heavy samples. Electromagnetic shakers are the most reliable
and accurate and are increasingly used for accelerometers calibration and aerospace applications. Unlike mechanical
shakers, elec...

Farid Ullah Khan*, Tashfeen Ali*, Khubroo Jamil* 

DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW VOLTAGE AC TO DC CONVERTER FOR MESO AND MICRO ENERGY HARVESTERS
...tion in the
input frequency had almost no effect on the DC output voltage of the converter. Upon integration of the converter
to different energy harvesters, the converter successfully rectified the AC or random output voltage signals of the
harvesters into corresponding DC voltage. 

...

Gulzar Ahmad, Muhammad Inyatullah Babar, Muhammad Irfan 

A NOVEL WIDEBAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS IN KU-BAND
...f 49.07 dB at the center frequency, a maximum gain of 8.25 dBi and total efficiency of more than 90%. This antenna can be prospective candidate for satellite communications.

...
Kemi F. Omotesho*, Adedamola V. Adetayo, Adeniyi F. Akinrinde and Deborah A. Olabode
 
Challenges to the Adoption of Agricultural Innovations: The Case of Yam Minisett Technology in Kwara State, Nigeria
... adopters. At p<0.05, frequency of extension contact (β=0.209) and membership of farmer-groups (β=0.562) significantly influenced adoption. The study concluded by highlighting the determinants as well as challenges to the adoption of the technology. Recommendations include increase in the frequency of extension visit, adequate sensitisation and training, and provision of needed accompanying materials as measures...

 Gulzar Ahmad1*, M. Inayatullah Babar1, M.Irfan1

A NOVEL WIDEBAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS IN KU-BAND
...of 49.07dB at the center frequency, a
maximum gain of 8.25dBi and total efficiency of more than 90%. This antenna can be prospective candidate for
satellite communications.
...

 Farid Ullah Khan·

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF VIBRATION-BASED ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY HARVESTER DUE TO REDUCED AIR DAMPING
...th constant acceleration frequency-sweeps. In the developed energy harvesters, the air damping is decreased by generating vacuum pressure in the cavity where the magnets are oscillating. Under a pressure of

Farid Ullah Khan*

MINIATURE VIBRATION SHAKER FOR MEMS-SCALE VIBRATION-BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS APPLICATION
... table to vibrate at the frequency of input electrical signal to the shaker. Modal analysis of the suspension system performed in COMSOL Multiphysics®, indicates that in the first mode of the vibration the shaker’s table is perfectly moving up and down. The developed vibration shaker is characterized for sinusoidal electrical input signal. At different gain levels of the power amplifier, the shaker is subjected to a frequency...

Gulzar Ahmad*, Sahibzada Faheem*, Amjad Ullah*, Waqar Shah*, S.M. Majid Ashraf*

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RELAY PROTOCOLS USING SIMULATION
...ion path is modeled as a frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The results show that at high SNR decode-and-forward performs well, while at low SNR amplify-and-forward works well. A selective relaying scheme called selective detect-and-forward is also simulated which shows better performance than its fixed counterparts for a wide range of SNR.
...

 Gulzar Ahmad1, M. Inayatullah Babar2

AN EFFICIENT PATCH ANTENNA WITH IMPROVED BANDWIDTH FOR FUTURE APPLICATIONS
...45dB at the central frequency, a gain of 7dBi and total efficiency of 0.99 have been demonstrated by this proposed design of the patch antenna. This novel structured wide band and high efficient antenna can be engaged in various types of wireless applications in near future.

...

 Muhammad Shahzad1, Arif Iqbal Umar1, Syed Hamad Shirazi1, Muhammad Tariq Pervez2*, Zakir Khan1, Waqas Yousaf1

HCDP: HEPATITIS C DATA BANK OF PAKISTAN
...he public health and its frequency is increasing rapidly all over the world. Approximately 5 online databases are available related to Hepatitis C virus. All these databases mainly concerned their national level/specific demographic region strains for analysis. No HCV database available to find the HCV prevalence and distribution in Pakistan. We proposed a Hepatitis C virus database for Pakistani community, Hepatitis C Data Bank of Pakistan (HCD...

 Nashitah Alwaz1, Safdar Raza1*, Sadaqat Ali1

A COMMUNICATION-FREE SIGNAL GENERATING TECHNIQUE FOR REACTIVE POWER CORRECTION IN ISLANDED MICROGRID
...nsient reactive power in frequency droop characteristics by observing the changes in microgrid. This injection disturbs the actual active power sharing which is helpful for the computation of reactive power sharing errors. These errors are minimized by utilizing the proportional integral (PI) controller. The PI controller modifies the y-intercept
and the slop of Q-E (Reactive Power –Voltage) droop charac...

Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1,2*, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar3*, Muhammad Shoaib4, Wangyuan Yao3, Muhammad Asif5, Shah Nawaz6, Moazam Ali7 and Ayesha Kanwal8

Exploratory Study on the Psychological Impact of COVD-19 on Students
... they have increased the frequency of handwashing and use masks when they have to go outside. More than half of the students (53.09%) were afraid of the COVID-19 and similar pattern was noted about depression (54.86%). About 57.5% students were willing to take part in online classes, and only 23% found to have some sort of online learning experience. Students were willing to join the volunteer force (82.3%) if they were asked in case of emergency. During COVID...
Guang-Hui Tan, Yi-Yu Zhang*, Yuan-Yu Qin, Lei Wu and Jie-Zhang Li
...dominant allele, and its frequency was 0.554 and 0.800, respectively. Each SNP resulted in three genotypes. The genotypic distribution of CDS 216 A>G and CDS 681 T>A was not deviated and deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of CDS 216 A>G and CDS 681 T>A was 0.372 and 0.269, respectively, and both belonged to medium levels of genetic diversity. Association analysis revealed that tw...
He Wenyun, Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*
...usmn;0.83 s and foraging frequency was 14.67±4.43 times/min. This foraging strategy may be determined by food distribution and morphological structure.
...
Yan Zhou1,2, Hai Xia Han1,2, Qiu Xia Lei1,2, Jin Bo Gao1,2, Wei Liu1,2, Fu Wei Li1,2, Jie Liu1,2 and Ding Guo Cao1,2*
...he main haplotype with a frequency of 91.75%. The correlation analysis showed that diplotypes (H1H1, H2H2 and H3H3) were significantly associated with egg production at age of 40W (E40) (P=0.0342) and egg production at age of 43W (E43) (P=0.0184). The egg production at age of 38W (E38), E40 and E43 of H2H2 chickens were all higher than those of the H1H1 and H3H3 chickens. Compared with H1H1 and H3H3 chickens, the highest mRNA levels of VLDLR were...

Safina Naz1*, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Bushra Siddique2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3*, Sajid Ali1, Hassan Sardar1, Sakeena Tul Ain Haider1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4, Hajra Azeem3, Sibghat Ullah5, Shah Pasand6 and Zehri Khan5

Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation Frequency on Growth, Yield and Heavy Metals Accumulation of Tomato and Okra
... sewage water irrigation frequency treatments on growth, yield and heavy metals accumulation of tomato and okra during 2012 and 2013. A statistical randomized complete block design was applied in the field to perform experiments having three replicates while 03 sewage water irrigation frequency treatments i.e., 5, 10 and 15-days interval. The tomato yield, their growth along with the production of the plant biomass were incr...

Mohammad Javad Golmohammadi1, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad1*, Bijan Yaghoubi2 and Mostafa Oveisi3

GIS Applications in Surveying and Mapping of Rice Weeds in Guilan Province, Iran
...2014 and 2016 years. The frequency of weed species in Guilan rice farms in 2014-2016 was 3.38, 3.87 and 4.82percent, respectively. Cyperus esculentus and P. distichum were the most abundant species with 9 and 8 plants/m2, respectively. Echinochloa crussgalli and C. difformis with a density of 5 plants/m2. Weeds were non-uniformly distributed in various families including Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Lythraceae, Polygonaceae, Asteraceae, and Salviniaceae that accounted...

Shaiza Rasool1, Iftikhar Ahmad1*, Khurram Ziaf1, Irfan Afzal2, Muhammad A.S. Khan1, Muhammad Aashir Sajjad1 and Muhammad Zain Ali1

Seed Conditioning Effects on Germination Performance, Seedling Vigor and Flower Production of Zinnia elegans
...evaluated the timing and frequency of seed magnetic stimulation to select the most promising treatments for field production testing and flowering. In the first experiment, a 3% moringa leaf extract (MLE) showed the earliest (2.8 d) and the highest germination rate (90%) with an average root length of 4.2 cm. Hydro-priming resulted in the largest seedling fresh weight (0.8 g), seedling shoot length (5.8 cm), and seedling vigor index (980). The seedling vigor i...
Zulekha Zameer, Samreen Mohsin, Ammarah Hasnain, Asma Maqbool* and Kauser Abdulla Malik
Influence of Explant Sources on in vitro Callogenesis and Regeneration in Maize (Zea mays L.)
...nated seedlings, maximum frequency was shown by bulged inter node (45.60 %) along with the regeneration efficiency of 46.23 %. In case of split seed technique, the efficiency for callogenesis was 82% with the regeneration efficiency of 65.46%. For mature embryos the efficiency for callogenesis was 61% while for regeneration it was 78.06%. The results revealed that split seed technique is a preferable choice for explants for callogenesis, while mature embryos e...
Atef  Mohamed El-Sagheer
Status of Phytonematodes in a Main Commercial Banana Production of Upper Egypt
...y in population density, frequency of occurrence and prominence value of some plant parasitic genera e.g., Meloidogyne in Abo-Teg and East Mangabad has the most prominence value (17.20 and 19.80) followed by Longidorus and Radopholus in Manfalot (17.20 and 15.36), respectively. The lowest prevalent genus was Heterodera which was absent in two surveyed localities viz., Abo-Teg and Assiut regions but present in Manfalot and East Mangabad with the prominence valu...

Turgay Şişman1,*, Muhammet Çağrı Keskin1, Hatice Dane1, Şeymanur Adil1, Fatime Geyikoğlu1, Suat Çolak2 and Esra Canpolat1

...were observed. Also, the frequency of nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes showed significant differences between the sites. Quantitative analyzes of histopathological and nuclear alterations indicated that the highest effects of pollutants in frogs were at the agricultural sites in June.
...
Jianjun Fu1, Shili Liu2, 3, Wenbin Zhu1, Yongyi Jia2, 3, Lanmei Wang1, Yufen Yang4, Zhimin Gu2, 3*and Zaijie Dong1*
... pilots. Based on allele frequency analysis using 36 candidate parents, the number of alleles ranged from 7 to 22, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.39 to 0.75, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.57 to 0.91. All loci were highly informative (polymorphic information content, PIC >0.5). We detected a significant correlation between exclusion probabilities for parent pairs (E-PP) and PIC (P<0.01). Simulation analysis r...
Inga Kowalewska-Łuczak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*
... using the PCR-RFLP. The frequency of the most occurring alleles for the individual polymorphisms studied was the following g.18174 A>G NCF4 gene A-0.807; SAA2 c.-84 G>C
Jin-Juan Wan, Mei-Fang Shen*, Hui Xue, Hong-Yan Liu, Mei-Qin Zhang, Xi-He Zhu and Chong-Hua Wang

 

...e the effects of feeding frequency on growth performance, antioxidant status and immunity of juvenile red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkia (average weight: 3.01±0.02 g). Crayfish were randomly assigned to one of five feeding frequencies (1,2,3,4 and 5 times/day, F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5) following the same ration size for 60 days. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and cumulative mortality was recor...
Saima Siddique1* and Zarrien Ayub2
...ric relationship. Length-frequency distribution analysis was bimodal in different seasons with the exception of three modes in summer’2012 and one mode in autumn’2012. Estimated parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth functions include growth coeffient (K) = 0.48 year-1, theoretical asymptotic maximum size (TD∞) = 8.2 cm and hypothetical age at length zero (t0)= -0.55 year. The longevity was calculated to ...

Muhammad Farooq, Shahid Bashir* and Salman Ilahi Siddiqui

Beam Steerable and Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Array for 5G Mobile Networks
... of a beam steerable and frequency reconfigurable antenna for 5G communication system using three 1×8 element antenna arrays with defected ground structure has been presented. Frequency reconfigurability has been achieved by placing two switches inside an etched slot on patch antenna, which resulted in a matched bandwidth of 5.29 GHz (24.13 to 29.42 GHz). Beam steering has been achieved by placing the proposed antenna ...
Q. Sun1, Q. Liu1, R. Di1, Y. Wang1, S. Gan2, S. Liu2, X. Wang1, W. Hu1, X. Cao1, Zh. Pan1, X. Guo1, Y. Yang3, H.E. Rushdi4* and M. Chu1*
... c.1031C>T locus, the frequency of T allele of fat-tail breed was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of the thin-tailed breed using F test, which suggest that this locus may be associated with fat deposition in fat-tail breed. Gene expression levels in both subcutaneous adipose and tail fat tissues were significantly (p<0.01) higher than the other tissues analyzed. Levels of THRSP expression in liver, subcutaneous adipose and tail fat tis...

Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1*, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Naimatullah Leghari2, Muhammad Ibrahim Keerio3, Ahmed Naqi Shah1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro4, Nadia Mangrio1 and Shazia Parveen Tunio5

Evaluation of Irrigation Frequencies and Seed Priming with Plant Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Genotypes
...ole of proper irrigation frequency is very essential to obtain optimum yield potentials. Seed priming by water and different nutrients enhances the germination, establishment of seedling, growth and ultimately yield of crop. The experiment was conducted at Students’ Experimental Farm, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam during autumn 2017 and 2018 for two consecutive years. Split plot design was used and the treatments were replicated thrice. The expe...
Jun Yan Bai*, Kun Peng Shi, Xiao Ning Lu, Xiao Hong Wu, Xue Yan Fu, Heng Cao, Hong Deng Fan, Meng Ke Chen and Yong Kang Ma
...’. For locus A, BB frequency of French giant quail and Savimit quail was the highest (0.531 and 0.750). For locus B, three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were detected in Savimit quail, but only AA was detected in French giant quail. The BB frequency of Savimit quail was the highest, reaching 0.389. Locus A showed a significant correlation with liver weight of meat quails(P<0.05), while locus B presented significant corr...
Gulzar Ahmad*, Muhammad Bilal Khan, Junaid Bahadar Khan and Faheem Ali
 
 
...rip patch antenna in low frequency range. In the presented research work three different dielectric materials were investigated in the higher frequency range starting from 12GHz as the scientists consider these higher frequencies suitable for future wireless mobile applications. Three simple rectangular patch structures were designed on three different insulated substrates including FR-4, Mica and Preperm. The thickness of t...

Shishir Sharma* and Laxmi Prasad Joshi

Current Insights on Stemphylium Blight of Lentil with its Management Strategies
...stics among species. The frequency and intensity of this disease depends on environmental and climatic factors that are mainly favored by high humidity, temperature greater than 220c, and cloudiness. The pathogen mainly persists in crop debris and occasionally in seed during the offseason. Mapping QTLs by utilizing wild varieties and landraces may be used to develop disease-resistant varieties which it is the most efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally...

Mansoor Qadir1*, Yousaf Khan2, Shahid Khan3, Djamaleddine Djeldjli3 and Muhanned Ismael Ibrahim Al Firas4

...nity (DEU) scheme at the frequency domain (X-axis) in combination with double weight zero cross-correlation (DW-ZCC) code at the time domain (Y-axis). The proposed 2D-DZ coding scheme provides high orthogonality in adjacent codes and resolves the problem of larger code lengths. The new coding scheme and corresponding network architecture is analyzed in terms of Gaussian Approximation analysis and simulation through OptiSystem. It is observed that the proposed ...
Nasir Rashid1,2*, Javaid Iqbal1,2, Umar Shahbaz Khan1,2, Mohsin Islam Tiwana1,2 and Amir Hamza1,2

 Shuanping Zhao, Lei Xu, Hai Jin and Yutang Jia*

...were constructed and the frequency of the main haplotypes AAG accounted for over 61.2 % of the total individuals. Association analysis indicated that all of the three SNPs were significantly associated with growth traits in the detected population. Furthermore, real-time PCR indicated that CFL2 mRNA was varied expressed in all studied tissues. The results of our study provide evidence that polymorphisms in CFL2 gene are associated with growth tra...
Ahmad Abrar Khan* and Muhammad Idrees
...ts were obtained through frequency, percentage and multiple regression with a dummy variable model. The majority (46.2%) apricot growers cultivated apricot on 01 kanal of land and major group (31.8%) were getting 51-70 Kg yields per tree. Moreover, 68.9% of apricot growers used chemical fertilizers, and Farm Yard Manure (FYM) application was also in practice by 62.9%. Apricot growers in major cases (59.1%) irrigated their crops in drought periods.In the majori...

Chala Hailu Hussen and Fikiru Temesgen Geleta

...isition of awareness and frequency of extension contact positively affecting participation decision; however, obtaining training had a negative effect. Generally, farm household’s internal factors and external factors affecting cluster crop production. Therefore, intensive support for program implementation can be expected from the government by augmentation of stakeholder coordination to aspire to agribusiness growth.

...
Sajid Ali1, Muhammad Avais1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Kamran Ashraf2, Saira Jabeen1, Sajid Hameed3, Muhammad Awais1, Jawaria Ali Khan1 and Imtiaz Ahmad4 
... an annual hoof trimming frequency had 1.7 times higher odds to be lame than cows with twice-a-year hoof trimming. Similarly, cows in environmentally controlled sheds had a 2.6 times higher probability of lameness than cows kept in open sheds. Moreover, prevalence of lameness was significantly associated (P<0.05) with the seasons of the year; highest in wet summer while lowest in spring. Among the hoof and claw lesions, sole ulcer was significantly (...
Maria Qibtia1, Muhammad Wasim1, Farzana Chowdhary1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Sehrish Faryal1, Ahmed Mansouri2, Zeeshan Ahmad2, Muhammad Hamid3 and Ali Raza Awan1,*
...amino acid sequence. The frequency of each mutation observed in both gruops was: mutation I of exon 1 (0.64/1), mutation II of exon 2 (0.34/0.67), mutation III, IV and V of exon 6 (1/1,0.12/0,0.64/1) mutation VI of exon 13 (0.64/1), mutation VII, VIII, IX of exon 17 (0.64/1, 1/1, 0.12/0), mutation X of intron 4 (0/1), mutation XI of intron 12 (1/0), mutation XII of intron 15 (1/1) and mutation XIII of promoter region (0.36/0.67). In this study, molecular ident...

Arshad Khan1, Mohammad Ihsan1, Mohammad Nisar1, Ali Hazrat1*, Murad Ali3, Rashid Ul-Haq3, Khalid Khan2, Karishma Gul1 and Shah Faisal1 

...alitative traits through frequency distribution. In quantitative traits maximum variation was found for plant height ranging from 36cm to 50cm, days to flowering range from 130 to 133 days), while 100 seed weight ranged from 36 to 86 g and plant biomass range from 50 to 199.5 g per plant. SDS-PAGE analyses of total seed storage protein resulted in a total of 18 polymorphic bands. Total genetic diversity on the basis of total seed storage protein analysis was 1...

Enas K. Abo-Elmagd,Kouka S. Abd El-Wahab,Azza H. El- Salakawy

...urthermore, to study the frequency of RV infection in Egyptian infants and young children during the summer season 2012 and the effect of certain risk factors including age and gender on the extent and impact of RV infection. The study included 73 infants and young children attending the pediatric Clinic,Al-Zhraa University Hospital in the period from May to October 2012. Their age ranged from six to twenty four months. They were 47 males and 26 females. Stool...

Megahed, A.A.1; Kh. A.El-Dougdoug2 and B.A. Othman2

...ere 45 and their highest frequency percentage was 29.79 % of the samples collected from El-Gharbia Governorate. The total positive individual BtMV and BNYVV infections were 59 (35.71 %) and 13 (11.90 %) respectively collected from El-Behiera Governorate.

...
Abeera Razzaq1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3 and Qingyou Liu3
...ed minor difference. The frequency of DN in RBCs was maximum in fish exposed to 26.61 mgL-1 dose followed by the order: 13.30 mgL-1> 19.98 mgL-1> PC > 7.98 mgL-1> NC. Micronuclei and deshaped nuclei frequency differ with the exposure period as 28>21>14>7 days. This study concluded that metals present in mixture in aquatic environment can induce DNA damage in fi...
Donglai Li1,Mei Han1,Huw Lloyd2, Linyu Jin1, Lei Zhang1, Jiangxia Yin1 and Dongmei Wan1*
...ich may explain the high frequency of EPY in nests.
...

Sana Javeid* and Khalid Nawab

... using cross-tabulation, frequency counts, percentages through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). To measure the poverty level of apple orchard growers, poverty score card was employed. In addition, bivariate analysis was used to examine relationship between various extension practices and poverty. Results of the study revealed that majority (60.1%) of the respondents were non-poor, out of which 90.8% received extension services. Furthermore, out ...
Pir Meher Ali Shah1*, Shahryar Shafique Qureshi1, Rizwan Aslam Butt2, Haider Ali3 and Shahid Khan4
 
...architecture. Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) techniques are employed to ensure high capacity. Furthermore, free space optical (FSO) links are employed at the distribution level (DL) to facilitate dense deployment of RRUs near the subscriber’s premises. The proposed model is analyzed in Optisystem, and it is observed to support 40 Gbps of data, over 4 km length of FSO.  

Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz2*, Zunera Abbas1, Uzma Nazir1, Mehrunisa Basharat1, Tanveer Ahmed3, Adnan Ahmad Qazi2

...ignificant effect on the frequency of micro-nucleated erythrocytes. The inferences of this study will be helpful in monitoring aquatic ecosystems using fish biomarkers. 
 
Novelty Statement | The study is novel for detecting the genetic damage at cellular level of fish (Wallago attu) caused by heavy metals and industrial toxicants in water.
...
Hui-Ming Li1, Bi-Ze Yang1, Xue-Jun Jin1,2, Lin-Miao Li1, Hai-Ying Jiang1
Xiu-Juan Zhang1 and Jin-Ping Chen1*
...tage testing, the allele frequency date-based indicated that the combined exclusion probability values were over 99.99% when 9 SSRs were used. This study demonstrated that the microsatellite-based approach could be effectively utilized for parentage analysis in pangolins and that it has a significant application in selective breeding in endangered and valuable mammalian species.
...

Rahmat Gul1*, Imran Khan1, Iftikhar Alam2, Zia Uddin1 and Zafar Iqbal3

...on these data, using the frequency of report and on the contribution to the intake of energy and nutrients in the 24-HDR, 80 distinct food items were identified that are commonly used during Ramadan. Respective reference servings of these food items were selected to comprise the Food Frequency Questionnaire  food list. The most reported portion sizes in the 24-HDR were used for Reference defining portions. The Food

Milkessa Wakjira, Fikiru Temesgen*, Chala Hailu and Dabesa Wegari

...tics such as percentage, frequency, maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviation were used to measure the association and growth probability of MSEs. The major problems finding in the study area were facing multiple issues such as increase in cost of production, shortage of workers and reduction in sales and profit. More than 70% of participating respondents reported that they could not survive if the present trend lasts more than three months. As a temporary...

Muhammad Yaseen1*, Muhammad Sallam Shahzad2, Farhat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Luqman1, Usman Saleem3 and Shoaib Nasir4

...criptive statistics i.e. frequency, mean and standard deviation were applied through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results showed that the use of farmers’ training as an extension method for promoting rice production technology was rated first. Weeds problems were ranked first among the problems faced by farmers for rice production. The data also showed that insect pests and disease problems were ranked the second problem. The study sug...
Shoaib ur Rehman1, Jabbar Khan2*, Raaza Malja Khan3, Maimoona Azam4 and Zeeshan Mutahir5
...a;-thal mutations, their frequency, consanguinity in parents and inheritance pattern in patients of Karak region, Khyber Pakhunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. During the study, 200 peripheral blood samples were collected both from families having at least one transfusion dependent child and sporadic patients from different areas of karak region. Using the amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique, all samples were an...

Eman H. Mahrous1, Mohamed. W. Abd Al -Azeem2, Faisal A. Wasel1, Waleed Younis2* 

...ased rabbits have a high frequency of MDR and virulent Pasteurella multocida strains.

Keywords | Antimicrobial susceptibility; Pasteurella multocida; Rabbits; Virulence genes  

...
Jarosław Pytlewski1, Ireneusz R. Antkowiak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2*
...after first calving. The frequency of alleles of the analysed loci was: T =0.2887 and G =0.7913 (IVS4-39G>T), A =0.1087 and G =0.8913 (IVS5+438G>A) and A = 0.2913 and G =0.7087 (c.1178G>A). For each of the studied polymorphic sites, homozygotes (-,-) were found least frequently. The results showed relationship between polymorphism in loci IVS5+438G...

Muhammad1, Saadat Mehmood1,2, Atif Muhammad1*, Zaib Ullah3

...s designed to assess the frequency and transmission of (HBV) and (HCV) among the local population of district Swabi. A preliminary study was conducted from 1st January to 31st May 2016. The study revealed that the ratio of Hepatitis B and C in the local population was found 103 (34 %) and 199 (66 %) respectively. Out of 143 males, 37 (26 %) were infected by HBV while the remaining 106 (74%) were infected by HCV. 66 (42%), out of 159 infected females were infec...

Ho Shi Hui1, Eng-Keng Seow2, Nurul Huda1* 

... generated by sonicator (frequency 40±0.2 kHz) for different times, and their pH, colour, foaming capacity and stability, emulsifying activity, tube inverting test, folding test, expressible moisture and texture profile analysis were compared. Ultrasound treatment had caused a significant (p<0.05) change in pH, foaming capacity, and the folding test score of egg white gel. However, texture profile analysis showed that the hardness, springiness, gummi...

Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1 and Juma Gul2

...rainfall is changing and frequency of extreme events increasing due to urbanization and rapidly increasing average global temperature. These changes are having observable impacts on biodiversity at species level and ecosystem level, in terms of distribution, composition and function. Mardan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has different habitats; it represents a useful ecological model to identify the effect of habitat heterogeneity on bird communities. We condu...

Khadim Hussain Memon1,*, Amir Mahmood Memon2, Tahira Jabeen Ursani3, Abdul Manan Shaikh1 and Sapna Waheed Memon1

...2.8968 R2= 0.984. Length frequency of combined data was used in FISAT-II software which incorporates both von Bertalanffy growth function and ELEFAN-I methods to estimate the growth parameters. The asymptotic length (L∞) and the growth rate (K) were 82.95 cm and 0.390/year, respectively, wherein the hypothetical age at zero length (t0) and goodness of fit or score (Rn) -0.495 year and 0.561 were also estimated correspondingly. The annual total mortality ...

Muhammad Waqas1, Naveed Ahmed2*, Hamid Saeed Malik1, Unaiza Qamar3, Hasnain Javed4 and Ahsan Hussain1

...ia carrier patients with frequency of different common and uncommon/uncharacterized mutations that are IVS 1-5 (G-C), Fr8-9 (+G), Fr 41-42 and Cd 5 mutations of β-thalassemia traits. A total 293 β-thalassemia carrier patients were included in study. Fr 8-9 (+G) was found the most common mutation of β-thalassemia carrier patients in the population which was 112 (38.2%), followed by IVS1-5 (G-C) which was 82 (28%), Fr41-42 which was 24 (8.2%), Cd ...

Shaokun Lu1,2, Ronghua Li1,2*, Chunlin Wang1,2, Changkao Mu1,2 and Weiwei Song1

... China. The minor allele frequency ranged between 0.292 and 0.500, with an average of 0.384. The expected and observed heterozygosities (He and Ho) ranged from 0.422 to 0.545 and from 0.000 to 1.000 respectively. Four loci were found deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Blast results give significant hits for nine confirmed SNP-associated sequences, some of these genes are associated with important immunological functions. These EST-derived S...
Dalia Khatun1, Md. Yeamin Hossain1,2*, Md. Firose Hossain3, Zannatul Mawa1, Md. Ataur Rahman1, Md. Rabiul Hasan1, Md. Akhtarul Islam1, Md. Ashekur Rahman1, Habib Ul Hassan4 and Sadicun Nahar Sikha1
...g sex ratio (SR), length-frequency distributions (LFDs), length-weight relationships (LWRs), length-length relationships (LLRs), condition factors (allometric, KA, Fulton’s, KF, relative, KR, and relative weight, WR), form factor (a3.0), size at fist sexual maturity (Lm) and natural mortality (MW) using multi-model indices from the Ganges River of northwestern Bangladesh. For each individual, the total length (TL), fork length (FL), standard length (SL),...

Nafisa Shoaib* and Aisha Majid Ali

...udy was to assess the MN frequency in the haemolymph of green mussel (Perna viridis) after exposure to different concentrations of organophosphate pesticides (chlorpyrifos, malathion), synthetic pyrethroid pesticide (cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin) and herbicide (buctril). Haemocytes of bivalve play an important role in immune defense and detoxification of contaminants. The bivalves were exposed to different concentrations of test pesticides in a static syst...

Shakila Mumtaz1, Khalid Javed1, Muhammad Dawood1*, Muhammad Imran2, Asad Ali1 and Nazia Ramzan1

...type A2A2 with genotypic frequency (0.925, 0.4, 0.64) respectively and we have also found some heterozygous genotypes A1A2 in all breeds with genotypic frequency (0.075, 0.6, 0.36) respectively. Findings of the present study revealed that A2 (the dominant allele) is present with a pretty much higher frequency (0.9625, 0.7, 0.82) in all the three studied breeds and the mutated allele A1 is ...

Hazel Tamakan* and Huban Gocmen

...tigate the existence and frequency of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in cats and dogs with pyoderma and otitis externa by conventional culture methods, automated identification system and PCR-RFLP. This is the first study to research the presence of MRSP in cats and dogs in Cyprus. The PCR-RFLP method based on the pta gene was confirmed to S. pseudintermedius. Methicillin resistance results were revealed with VITEK 2 and mecA gene detection was performed by P...
Tiara Widyaputri*, Aldryan Cristianto Pratama, Dian Vidiastuti, Yudit Oktanella
...s that the normal allele frequency is one and the mutant allele is 0 with a heterozygous genotype frequency of 0% in the population. According to the result, the polymorphism that appears in the CD18 gene by PCR-RFLP method in all samples shows the substitution mutation type G base to C transversion and is not related to the BLAD mutation.
 
Keywords | Dairy cows, CD18 gene, Restriction enzyme, P...

Adriana Cervantes-Noriega1, Norma A. López2, Alfredo Estrada-Angulo2, Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez2, Elizama Ponce-Barraza2, Gilberto López-Valencia1, Alberto Barreras1, Alejandro Plascencia3* 

...ass traits, and diarrhea frequency in finishing lambs. Lambs were fed with a cracked corn-based high-energy diet during 89-d. Treatment consisted in filtering and sanitization of raw dam water qualified as “clean and safe” comparing it as follows: 1) dam water (RAW), and 2) dam filtered-sanitized water (FILT). Water filtered-sanitized decreased three-fold total solids and remove coliforms, E, coli, and salmonella. Filtered-sanitized water increased...

Samah Samir, Amal Awad*, Gamal Younis 

...ar characterization. The frequency of edw1, cds1, qseC and pvsA genes were 75%, 70%, 42.5% and 2.5% respectively. E. tarda isolates displayed high resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, clindamycin, cefuroxime, penicillin, and amikacin, while, it is more sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Multi antimicrobial resistance (MAR) was observed in 100% of the tested isolates. In addition, 33 isolates (82.5%) were positive for biofilm production. In conclusion, the presence ...

Hua Liu, Wei Hou, Li Peng, Changjun Peng, Yansen Cai and Jing Li*

...tively. The minor allele frequency were ranged from 0.277 to 0.487 with an average of 0.417 per locus. We detected the lowest genetic diversity in the HS population compared with the EM and FJ population. Population analysis based on Structure and neighbour-joining tree revealed a unique genetic cluster of HS population and a similar genetic background and close relatedness between the EM and FJ population. It is the first reported polymorphic SNP markers in M...

Junyan Bai*, Jingyun Li, Yu Chen, Zhihao Dong, Youbing Yang and Ying Lei

...ctively, and the highest frequency of BB genotype in Yuxi fatty-tailed sheep was 0.378. Exon II of GH gene was significantly correlated with body weight, carcass weight, chest width and hip height (P<0.05). Moreover body weight and carcass weight of AB genotype were significantly higher than those of AA and BB genotypes (P<0.05) and chest width and hip height of AB genotype were remarkably higher than those of AA genotype (P<0.05).

...

Aml M. Ragab1*, Maha R. Basyoni1, Enas A.I. Khoris2, Nadia A. Abd Elghany3 

...t, were screened for the frequency of B. cereus. It was identified by molecular methods based on sequencing of genes, the potential of the groEL gene as a phylogenetic marker, and identified (hbl ,(nhe), (cytK), and (ces) enterotoxigenic genes. B. cereus isolates were analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility. A lab trial was conducted for two weeks using 60 Tilapia fish were divided into three equal groups, (1): kept as control negative, (2): infected intraperit...

Albina Gabdrakhimovna Darmenova1, Samat Ravkhatovich Yusupov2, Abzal Kenesovich Kereyev1*, Mirzabek Gashimovich Zukhrabov2, Yerbol Maratovich Sengaliyev1, Dosmukan Ermuhkanovich Gabdullin1, Berik Garipullievich Satybaev1 

... strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions to diagnose early signs of postpartum disease in the uterus. The experimental part of the work was carried out based on the farms of agrofirm “Kolos”, LLC in the Tetyush district of the Republic of Tatarstan and MBS “Zhaiyk” in the Akzhaik district of the West Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The contraction activity of the uterine muscles after fetal excretion w...

Maria Qibtia1, Sehrish Faryal1, Muhammad Wasim1, Farzana Chowdhary1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Ahmed Mansovuri2, Zeeshan Ahmed2, Muhammad Hamid3 and Ali Raza Awan1,*

...ntron 9), representing a frequency level of 0.67 for association. Similar to this frequency of 0.22 and 0.44 was also found in LNP patients. All the SNPs were heterozygous in LP subjects, and for the particular SNP: G/A-22018 (intron 9) 22% heterozygosity was also shown in LNP subjects. This is the first report of SNP in MCM-6 gene studied in Pakistani patients. It may help in better understanding of different diseases havin...

Amreen Zahra1, Mushtaq A. Saleem1*, Hasnain Javed2 and Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan3

...l load categories with a frequency of 19.23% and 76.92%, respectively. Taken together, current study highlights the increased prevalence of HCV co-infection in HIV infected IDUs with lower CD4 count. These results strongly support an immediate investigation of multiple viral infections routine IDUs to guide the eradication of these fatal viral diseases.

...

Jawad Abdullah Butt1*, Yasmin Nergis1, Ahmad Hussain2 and Mughal Sharif1 

...al. Kinetic constraints (frequency factor and activation energy) were gained by curve-fitting the investigational data. For electricity generation, the utilization of Thar coal assets is not limited to their burning, but additional steps must be taken to utilize the tools to reduce the pollution volume of coal and its harmful impacts on the environment. Innovative tools with advanced efficacy and fewer environmental impacts are essential to handle these low-ra...

Abdul Majeed1, Zhenlin Liang2, Lixin Zhu2, Chunli Liu2, Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1,* and Faisal Saeed1

...length-weight and length-frequency data distribution were measured. Computer software FiSAT package was used to analyze the growth and mortality rate parameters. The length-weight relationship values for male was W= 0.016xb2.906 (R² = 0.950) and female was W= 0.029xb2.724 (R² = 0.941). The combined data of both sexes were W= 0.021xb2.830 (R² = 0.945). The electronic length-frequency analysis (ELEFAN) method wa...
Emtenan M. Hanafi1*, Fouad M. Tawfeek2, Walid S. El Nattat1, Moetazza M. Alshafei3, Seham S. Kassem3, Kawkab A. Ahmed4, Enas N. Danial5, Hagar Elbakry3, Hoda S. El-Sayed2
...be paid for the dose and frequency of administration of any polyphenol or health potentioators.
 
Keywords | Spirulina platensis, Bifidbacterium longum, Spermatozoa profile, Male fertility
...
Luu Huynh Anh1, Huynh Tan Loc2, Nguyen Hong Xuan3, Le Minh Thanh1, Trinh Thi Hong Mo4, Ly Thi Thu Lan5, Nguyen Trong Ngu1*
...he PC group (58.3%). The frequency of lesions and E. coli densities in the heart, liver, and spleen of chickens treated with MHH6 and PR2 phages were greatly decreased in infected chickens. After 98 days, the body weight of birds from the E. coli-infected groups treated with MHH6 and PR2 phages was lower than individuals in non-E. coli-infected groups (1,313-1,324 g/bird) but higher and significantly different from those in the PC group (1,172 g/bird). The maj...

Xinran Wang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*

...ficant difference in the frequency of the synchronized vigilance wave among disturbance intensity levels (low vs. high: Q = 33.94, P < 0.001; low vs. moderate: Q = 3.557, P = 0.033730; high vs. moderate: Q = 28.24, P < 0.001). Under high anthropogenic disturbance, wintering cranes mostly adopted coordinated vigilance mode (50%, 482.28±113.12s), while under low anthropogenic disturbance intensity, they adopted both coordinated (26%, 247.56±1...

Hanan Saad El-Samahy, Amani Abd El-Naby Hafez, Mohamed Talat Ragab, Disouky Mohamed Mourad*  

...the lowest incidence and frequency in examined turkey flocks, while ORT had a higher incidence and frequency similar to M. gallisepticum. It was necessary to apply further molecular studies on these pathogens to control and avoid their spread in turkey and other poultry flocks.

Keywords | Bacteria, Multiplex PCR, Sinusitis, Turkey  

...

Saleha Tabassum1, Muneeza Zafar1,2, Munazza Raza Mirza1*, Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary1,3, Ikram ul Haq4, Imran Riaz Malik2, Ambreen Ansari1 and Mehtab Alam5

... genetic association and frequency of CXCL9 and CXCL10 genes polymorphisms in TB patients of Pakistani population. A total of 260 study participants, including 122 with tuberculosis disease (TB) and 138 healthy control (HC) were included. Out of these 122 TB disease subjects (67%) were diagnosed with PTB (n = 82) and 33% with EPTB (n = 40). Tri and Tetra- ARMS-PCR techniques were used to genotype rs2276886 of CXCL9 and rs5606198 of CXCL10 for all the samples. ...

Khurram Sheraz* and Taj Ali Khan

...data (monthly); the high-frequency intra-annual periodicities affecting air-temperature trends were dominated by 8-monthly fluctuations, and for the lower-resolution seasonal and annual data the interannual periodicities ranged from 2–4 years. For total rainfall data: 2-8 monthly; 2-4 yearly; and 2-8 yearly periodic modes were found dominant and characterizing the monthly, seasonally-based, and annual trends, respectively. It was found that DWT effective...

Shailendra Sharma, Smriti Shrestha, Naresh Pandey and Laxman Khanal*

...ance affect the grooming frequency and duration of the langurs (Semnopithecus sp.) housed in Central Zoo, Kathmandu, Nepal. Further, it tested if the effects were biased to the age and sex of the animals. Behavioral data were collected through the focal animal sampling method for 101 hours, and human disturbances were categorized into four levels based on the number and behavior of visitors. Out of the entire activity budget, resting (49.27%) constituted the h...

Ejaz Ul Haq, Urooba Pervaiz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan and Ayesha Khan

...ers’ field but the frequency was very low and very limited trainings were given to the farmers regarding tunnel farming in the study area. Results of paired sample t- test showed that cost of tomato and bitter-gourd in tunnel is higher as compared to cultivation of these vegetables in field, while the yield and net-income obtained in tunnel was also high. The study also concludes that tomato cultivated in tunnel is more profitable as compared to bitter-g...

Othman E. Othman1*, Lingjiang Min2, Amira M. Nowier3  

...ted genes with different frequency in methylation levels were selected for functional enrichment analysis and the results declared the strong relation between methylation patterns of DMGs and fertility trait. It is concluded that DNA methylation patterns of Zaraibi goat ovaries may be responsible for difference in ovulation rate trait between high and low fertility groups through their important roles in folliculogenesis and oocyte ovulation rate. Also, this s...

Sajida Batool*, Sitara Shameem, Kainat Malik and Aneela Iram

...ted at 250◦C, 2450 MHz frequency for 15 min and was provided for 4 weeks. Intake of microwave exposed feed caused a highly significant increase (P<0.001) in mean body and liver weight of mice of all treated groups as compared to control. Histopathological alterations were observed in sections of liver and kidney of mice that were given microwave processed feed. Statistical analysis revealed that the average cross-sectional area (ACSA) of Bowman’s ca...

Tinda Afriani*, Endang Purwati, Yurnalis, Jaswandi, Mangku Mundana, Adisti Rastosari, Anna Farhana  

...stated that the genotype frequency of Pesisir cattle population was not in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Keywords | SNP, FSHR gene, Pesisir cattle, DNA isolation, single nucleotide polymorphism 

...

Murad Ali Rahat1*, Muhammad Israr2, Hakim Khan1, Ishtiaq Hassan1, Mohammad Islam1 and Muzafar Shah3

Phan Truong Khanh* and Tran Thi Hong Ngoc

...pled with the increasing frequency and severity of droughts, perhaps linked to climate change, is impacting adversely on rice production. The overall purpose of the study is planning of irrigation scheduling, it requires information of precise quantity of water needed by crop in a certain set of meteorological condition of the region. Moreover, determination of water requirement for crop is a first stage in the design, operation and planning of irrigation sche...

Samantha Shiuan Erl Lee1, Nurul Huda2*, Yetti Marlida3, Eng-Keng Seow4 

... generated by sonicator (frequency 40kHz) for 15 min, and their colour, pH, expressible moisture, folding test, gel strength, texture profile analysis, foaming capacity and stability, and emulsification stability were compared. Ultrasound treatment had caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in pH and expressible moisture, apart from improving the gel strength and folding test score of egg white gels. Improvement of gel strength was substantiated by the sign...

Most. Shakila Sarmin1,2, Md. Ashekur Rahman1,2, Most. Farida Parvin2,3, Mst. Shefaly Khatun4, Kazi Ahsan Habib5, Wasim Sabbir6, Jun Ohtomi7 and Md. Yeamin Hossain1*

...e size structure (length-frequency distributions, LFDs) indicated that the males with TL 22.0-22.9 cm and females with 29.0-29.9 cm size group were statistically more appeared. The TL and BW varied between 11.5-53.0 cm and 27.6 to 1228.0 g for males, and 18.2-45.0 cm and 57.0 to 728.0 g for females. The length-weight relations (LWRs) were significantly correlated (p < 0.0001), with values of r2 ≥ 0.961. The monthly co-efficient (b) revealed negative allo...

Quang Minh Dinh1*, Tran Thi Huyen Lam2,3, Y Thi Nha Nguyen4, Thanh Minh Nguyen1 and Tien Thi Kieu Nguyen5

...us, of which the highest frequency of prey is shrimp while the lowest one is Polychaeta. The gender and fish size do not affect this species’ dietary constituent; however, the changes in seasons and sampling sites impact on the diet composition of these species. The shrimps, small fish, and detritus contribute to regulating the food composition of Butis koilomatodon between two seasons and among the six sampling sites. In combination with the modified Co...

Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1*, Shimaa A.S. Hasan1, Nashwa Harb1, Amal H.A. Gomaa2 and Maha Anani3

...ngs revealed a very high frequency of HSV-1 and 2 infections among the studied pregnant women with percentages of 74.5% and 98.9%, respectively. Upon the interpretation of the HSV serological profiles, the past latent infection with HSV-1 and 2 were the most prevalent types of infection representing 74.5% and 92.5%, respectively, followed by HSV-2 recurrent infection which was more prevalent (6.4%) than HSV-1 recurrent infection (0%), and no primary infection ...

H. M. Hassan, M. M. Tantawy*, A. M. Younes and M. O. Sayed

... having highest relative frequency (0.78 and 0.83) in both years, respectively. The lowest relative frequencies (0.31 and 0.40) were recorded for Hoplolaimus spp., and Longidorus spp., in 2012 and 2013, respectively, Helicotylenchus spp. (0.44) and Meloidogyne spp. (0.42) were found with highest relative density in 2012 and 2013, respectively while the lowest relative densities (0.01 and 0.02) was recorded for Hoplolaimus spp. in 2012 and 2013, respectively. T...

C. C. Famina1†, A. Usman2 and M. K. M. Nasser1

...>To determine the types, frequency of occurrence and population densities of plant parasitic nematodes in soil
samples associated with banana (Musa paradisiaca), a survey was conducted in the Kondotty Taluk of Malappuram
district, Kerala, India. A total of 12 genera of nematodes including six commonly occurring nematodes in the banana
rhizosphere, three new records from banana and one new unident...

K. Nasira† and S. Shamim

...v>analysis revealed that frequency (absolute frequency, relative frequency), density (relative density) and prominence
value were variable for nematode population within localities. Relative density of fresh water nematode species of
studied sites ranged between 0.7-10.4 % while absolute frequency and relative

Z. Gill and K. Firoza†

.... Population density and frequency of all nematodes
varied considerably at all surveyed sites. Occurrence of plant parasitic nematodes was found high at Gambat
(33.3%) and low in Kingri (15.38%). In free-living soil nematodes Nara has found high (10%) and low in Kingri
(3.84%). The dendrogram indicted that there was 4 groups of 8 localities in relation to 32 nematode species.
Morphological and taxonomical studies...
Aulia Evi Susanti1*, Rudy Priyanto2, Muladno2, Dewi Apri Astuti3, Lucia Cyrilla2
... an additional marketing frequency concentrate twice with an interest rate of 6%. The feed application experimental design used a factorial 3x2 Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 replications. A descriptive analysis was conducted to evaluate the corporate model’s production system and business management. Production analysis was analyzed using ANOVA and data were processed using R studio software version 4.1.2. Furthermore, the observed parameters inc...

Amber Khalid1*, Amjad Rashid Kayani1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1, Muhammad Mushtaq1, Mirza Azhar Beg1 and Surrya Khanam2

...ference slides. Relative frequency of every food item observed in the stomach was calculated as percentages. The results showed that Indian gerbil predominately consumed plant matter in its diet (74.5%) along with animal matter (25.5%). Among plant matter, Triticum aestivum (wheat) was the major consumed item followed by Brassica campestris (mustard) and Arachis hypogaea (peanut). Sorghum bicolor (millet) and Vigna radiata (mong bean) was also consumed in smal...

Doungnapa Promket1,2,4*, Khanitta Pengmeesri2,4, Jennarong Kammongkun3, Thassawan Somchan2

...For the NPY gene, allele frequency of b (0.72) was greater than allele frequency of B (0.28), while for the DRD2 gene, allele frequency of T (0.26) was lower than allele frequency of C (0.74). I and D allele frequencies for VIP were 0.72 and 0.28, respectively. Statistical analysis results discovered significant associations between the three candidate g...

Enas K. Abo El-Maged, Azza H. El-Salakwy, Safia A. El-Gamal and Gehn Allam

... be associated with high frequency of HPV positivity in aborted patients. On conclusion. human Papillomavirus types 16 and 18 might have a role in the occurrence of the first trimester spontaneous abortion among Egyptian women. 

...

Seyi Olalekan Olawuyi1*, Adedotun Oluwagbenga Anjorin2, Oluwagbenga Titus Alao3, Tosin Dolapo Olawuyi3, Rachael Ajibola Ayinla3 and Rasheed Ayodele Ayinla3

...Data were analyzed using frequency distribution and percentages, cross-tabulation, and food insecurity experience-based scale for the continuum categorization of farmers’ food security status. Ordinal logistic regression model was applied to estimate the effect of adoption of bio-security practices and other dynamics on the farmers’ levels of food security status. Findings revealed that crop farmers were aware of bio-security threats, but with low ...

Rukhsana Anwar1*, Muhammad Usman Khalil1 and Kanwal Ashiq1,2

...od pressure of rats. The frequency of hippuric acid synthesis from the hydrolysis of Hippuryl-L-Histidyl-L-Leucine was utilized to calculate angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. The results showed that in comparison to hypertensive rats, the test doses of the extract significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (96.75±3.9 mmHg and 104±3.8 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (73.12±5.2 mmHg and 65.37±8.2 mmHg), mean arterial ...
Umara Amir ud Din1, Waqas Ahmed Khan1*, Khurrum Shahzad1,2, Basharat Ali3, Misbah Hussain1,4 and Fazli Rabbi Awan4
...with DN had higher (67%) frequency of ID genotypes and the ID genotype carriers also exhibited higher levels of creatinine (6.2±3.9 mg/dL) and urea (99±41 mg/dL). Moreover, logistic regression analysis also indicated that ACE ID genotype carriers had a 2.5-fold higher risk of DN as compared to the II genotype carriers. Hence the present study shows a strong association (OR 2.53, CI: 1.65-3.88, p<0.001) between ACE (I/D) polymorphism and DN in ...

Imtiaz Kashani and Sher Khan Panhwar*

...l belt of Pakistan. Size frequency distribution based on normal distribution demonstrates that individuals of 13 cm total length were common in all groups. Some fifteen morphometric and six geometric variables were used to develop Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that revealed (76%, 13.9% and 9.8%) variation deduced from first three components. The population sampled from Karachi fish harbors showed significant taxonomic variability. An eigenvalue 7.251 and ...

Xiaoyan Yang1* and Xiuli Xu2

...1, OR=4.5, P=0.005). The frequency of influenza-like infections in both sexes was higher in the case group than the control group (men CI = 1.032-6.742, OR = 3.8, P = 0.002 and women CI = 1.102-11.155, OR = 5.7, P = 0.003). The influenza-like test was more than twice as positive in the case group as in the control group. Therefore, influenza-like infection is a risk factor for heart attack and getting an influenza vaccine is recommended for people who are pron...

Abdullah*, Imtiaz Khan, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim and Muhammad Fawad

...), relative density (%), frequency (%), relative frequency (%) and importance value of weed species. The present findings revealed that Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav., Carthamus oxycantha M. Bieb., Medicago denticulata Willd., Anagallis arvensis, Lathyrus aphaca L. Euphorbia helioscopia L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Cyprus rotundus, Vicia sativa L. Ehrh., Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. and Fumaria indica Hausskn were all found in fiv...

Shujaullah Khan1, Zahid Hussain1*, Haroon Khan1 and Omer Suha Uslu2

... weed abundance and weed frequency. Plant height of wheat crop and number of grains spike-1 were non-significantly affected by the applied treatments. However, the tallest plants and the highest number of grains spike-1 were observed in hand weeding. The highest thousand-grain-weight, biological yield and grain yield were recorded in the hand weeding treatments. However, the results of hand weeding treatments were statistically at par with the treatments of ar...

Komal Javed1, Sohaib Muhammad1*, Zarghaam Khan1, Sehar Fatima1, Hassan Nawaz1, Mahrukh1, Tahira Khalid1 and Shariat Ullah2

...e Index (IVI) percentage frequency, density and percentage cover were determined. A total of 19 families were present in all three crops. Fumaria indica of Family Papaveraceae had the highest IVI value of 12.14 while Persicaria longiseta of Family Polygonaceae had the lowest IVI value of 1.13. Poaceae was the largest family representing 11 species, Asteracea occupies the second position with 9 species followed by Fabaceae with 5, Brassicaceae and Solanacea hav...

Deny Juniwati1, Hadri Latif2*, Trioso Purnawarman2, Zhang Shuqi3

 

...izing an ultrasonic wave frequency of 40 kHz for 20 seconds could reduce nearly 80% of nitrite levels. It was considered more effective than standard methods, which were only able to reduce nitrite levels by up to 60%. 
 
Keywords | Edible bird nest, Nitrite, Ultrasonic wave
...

Jaiperkash Moolchandani1*, Geeta Moolchandani2, Syed Mohsin Turab3, Nasima Iqbal4, Ambreen Rehman5 and Shaima Sultana Memon6

... was more prevalent with frequency of 54.3%, anxiety was 41.4% and insomnia was present in 32.9% patients of Parkinsonism. The non-motor symptoms were common among patients who were in their 6th decade of life. Likewise, male patients were much more affected with non-motor symptoms than females- but non-significantly. No any major difference was noted in frequency of non-motor symptoms of Parkinsonism between the rural and u...

Yang Pan1,2, Yang Huang3, Guo-hai Wang4* and Qi-hai Zhou3*

...eased with bird foraging frequency, and seed dispersal distance increased with bird body and tail lengths. Our results highlight the importance of bird functional traits in seed dispersal patterns of C. japonica, which should be considered for tree management.

...

Samia Afzal1*, Jahanzaib Ahmad1, Iram Amin1, Liaqat Ali2, Muhammad Shahid1, Mohsin Ahmad Khan1 and  Muhammad Idrees1

Dhurgham K. Seger1, Rahman H. H. Al Qasimi2, Azhar A. Jaffar3, Salah H. Faraj4, Ahmed I. Ateya5* 

...mely AA, AG, and GG. The frequency of the genotypes AA, AG and GG were 0.50, 0.17 and 0.33, respectively. While the frequency of the A and G alleles were 0.58 and 0.42, respectively. There were significant impacts of SSTR1 gene polymorphisms and the weights of carcass characteristics including heart and liver weight alongside recovery rate. Meanwhile, there was no significant effects between polymorphisms of SSTR1 and the re...

Nazia Haider, Asia Bibi* and Nahid Kausar

...rs for controls. Highest frequency of miscarriages 90 (30%) was observed in cases of age group 35-39 while lowest frequency of miscarriages 30 (10%) was observed in age group 20-24. Whereas, highest frequency 94 (47%) and lowest 2(1%) of controls were observed in age group 25-29 and 15-19 respectively. Out of 500 women 438 (87.6%) were Rh positive (including 256 cases and 182 control) and ...

Rimsha Ijaz, Rida Zahra, Naseer Ali Shah*, Haroon Ahmed, Nazish Bostan and Sadia Sattar

...y aimed to calculate the frequency of HCV infection and pattern of genotype distribution in suspected individuals of Pakistan. Samples were gathered in between 2018 to 2021 from three different biomedical laboratories for this study. A total of 4827 suspected individuals were tested, with 2088 (43.2%) of them tested positive for HCV antibodies. Samples were tested against anti-HCV antibodies through PCR and genotype is identified through genotyping method. In ...
Skorykh Larisa Nikolayevna1*, Fominova Irina Olegovna1, Kovalenko Dmitriy Vadimovich1, Skokova Antonina Vladimirovna1, Dmitrik Irina Ivanovna1, Kizilova Natalia Igorevna2 and Violeta Caro Petrovic3
...(MM and MN). The highest frequency of occurrence for the GH gene was characterized by the heterozygous AB genotype (42.8%), for the CAST gene - the homozygous MM genotype (87.9%). These genotypes were correlated with quantitative and qualitative parameters of meat productivity. The best indicators of meat productivity were in the bright AB, BB, and MN genotypes of the growth hormon and calpastatin genes. The slaughter weight of individuals of the AB, BB genoty...

Al Salihi karima Akool1* , Almas. M. Al-Bayati2, Iman Mousa Khaleel3  

... a variation in milking frequency, which is affected by environments, feeding, stage of lactation, breed, species and diseases of the udder . Moreover, she-camels also shows fluctuating in the lactation length from 9 to 18 months. This study intends to investigate the macro and microscopical features of local Arabian she-camel’s productive and nonproductive mammary glands (SCPMG & SCN-PMG). Sixteen mammary gland samples and its teats ( 8 SCPMG and ...
Nighat Nisar*, Hasina Maham Qadri, Asad Afridi, Muhammad Sami Khan, Muhammad Abdullah Khan
...a use, food consumption, frequency, waiting time, cost, ambience, attitude of cafeteria staff, and cleanliness after taking informed consent. The study findings revealed that majority of students reported high cost of meals in the cafeteria as compared to the local market. The food items such as snacks and cold drinks were found expensive as compared to local market. About half of the study participants reported that the cost of mineral water was high in the c...

Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1, Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi1*, Hassan Abd- El-Khair2, Usama S. Elkelany1, Mahfouz M.M. Abd-Elgawad1 and Mona G. Dawood3

...g bacteria and fungi and frequency% of fungi in potato rhizosphere varied among different treatments.

...

Hermawan Setyo Widodo1,2*, Tridjoko Wisnu Murti1, Ali Agus1, Ambar Pertiwiningrum1

...A and F alleles in equal frequency, and the E allele was only found on SA. The AF genotype predominated on all breeds in almost half of its population, thus, the most diverse was SA. The Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium of PE and SA indicated the influence of the breeding program. The genotypes affected the αs1 casein, total casein, and αs1/β ratio, in which AA was highest. The A, F, and N allele expressions were 3.21, 0.82, and 0.60g/L, respecti...
Hyun-Su Hwang1, Jae-Kang Lee2, Tae-Kyung Eom2, Seung-Hun Son3, Dong-Ho Lee2, Hyeongyu Ko2 and Shin-Jae Rhim2*
...nalyzed to determine the frequency of visits, duration of stay at the feeder, frequency of pecking on food items, and number of consumed food items. Moreover, social behaviors were analyzed. In this study, we used peanuts as high-fat food type. Peanuts were consumed at the highest frequency by marsh tits (Poecile palustris), great tits (Parus major), and Eurasian nuthatches (Sitta europaea...

Wei Wan1, Xiao-Li Wang1, Shu-Juan Wang2, Qin Si2 and Li-Qing Duan1*

...stragole had the highest frequency of antagonistic effect (7 combinations), and the most significant antagonism was observed when combining β-pinene and estragole, with an expected mortality of 29.0% and actual mortality of 3.8%. Furthermore, AChE inhibition was observed with estragole, cuminaldehyde, and 1,8-cineole displayed high potency. L-carvone showed the highest GST inhibition activity, followed by cuminaldehyde. Pearson correlation analysis reveal...

Nasr-Eldin1 , M. A.; El-Dougdoug2, K. A.; Othman2, B. Ahmedi , Sabah A, and Abdcl-Azizl , S. Il.

...lyzed were infected. The frequency of HSVd, CEVd and PSTVd naturally infected grapevine trees recorded different percentages as in single (8.33, 8.33 and 11.11%) respectively, double (11.11, 11.11 and 19.44%) for CEVd+HSVd, CEVd+PSTVd and HSVd+PSTVd respectively and mixed infection (19.44%) with different disease symptoms. The pervious results illustrated that, tissue printing hybridization was more reliable than dot-blot hybridization in viroid detection. HSV...

Abo-Elmagdl , Enas K;El-Mougy2, Hala M. T. and Abd El-Salam 3, Manal

...urthermore, to study the frequency of RSV infection in Egyptian infants and young children during the winter season 2009/2010 and the effect of certain risk factors including age and gender on the extent and impact of RSV infection. The study included 72 infants and young children, their age ranged from one to thirty six months. They were 43 males and 29 females. They were

...

Amina A. II. and M.K. Amin

...ker with nearly the same frequency. When phage was treated by different temperature, the phage was stable informing plaques with 5, 150C whereas the pfu/ml 6.8, 6.9 x 109, but the ability of phage to form plaques was declined with low and high temperature (1.8 at OOC and 0.18 at 450C x 109 pfu/ml). The ability to transduce antibiotic resistance genes was also influenced. When phage was treated with 5 different Ph values (2, 3, 7, 10, 12), no plaques or transdu...

Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu1*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon1, Sachin Kumar1, Tejdeep Kaur Kler1 and Anureet Kaur Chandi2

...op wheat. Daily foraging frequency of each individual bird species has signified their year round ecological services as biocontrol agents corresponding to Rabi and Kharif crops. Results have shown that foraging frequency of black drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus) was the highest followed by green bee-eater (Merops orientalis), wire-tailed swallow (Hirundo smithii), common swallow (Hirundo rustica) and house swift (Apus affinis)...
Geeta Moolchandani1, Jaiperkash Moolchandani2*, Nasima Iqbal3
Syed Mohsin Turab4, Muhammad Kashif5 and Lubna Farooq6
...ociated with having more frequency of HIE. Maternal anemia was found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of HIE. The frequency of HIE risk increased with increasing maternal age. Lowest the serum pH level, highest was the frequency of HIE risk factors. Prolonged 2nd stage of labor was significantly associated with lower neonatal weight, overall, very low and very high birth ...
Nusrat Bano1, Muhammad Tayyab1*, Bushra Muneer2, Sehrish Firyal1, Abu Saeed Hashmi3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Ali Raza Awan1
...selected as control. The frequency of various clinical features and alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed for both cases and controls. Total 108 (31.3%) patients were serologically confirmed for dengue infection. Seropositive 108 cases were classified as classical DF 81(75%), DHF 22(20.4%) and DSS 5 (4.6%). Mean age was 32.3±12.4 years, which comprises of male 80 (74%) and female 28 (25.9%). Common symptoms for dengue wer...

MUSHTAQ HUSSAIN LASHARI1*, UMER FAROOQ2, AMMARA ARSHAD1, MUHAMMAD NAEEM TAHIR2, MUSADIQ IDRIS2, ANAM KHURSHID3 & ZIA UR REHMAN2

...the presence/absence and frequency of Barr Bodies on Polymorph Nuclear Neutrophils (PMNs) as a confirmatory guide towards sex determination in cattle and buffalo. Blood samples of adult cattle (n=26) and buffaloes (n=26) grouped as males and females (n=13 each), were collected from the jugular vein through appropriate measures. Thin blood smears were stained using Field stain „A‟ and „B‟. The PMNs were counted and observed for Barr Bodies attac...

MUHAMMAD NAEEM RAZA1, KALSOOM SUGHRA1* & NADIA ZEESHAN1

Erika P. Grijalba-Bernal*, Fernando Rodríguez-Villamizar, Martha L. Chaparro-Rodríguez, Juan C. Ovalle, Martha I. Gómez 

...g time (15 d), and lower frequency of diarrhea (up to 67.7%) were seen in calves given the freshly prepared and stored probiotic emulsions (P ≤ 0.05). The carrier emulsion protected the viability of the cells and thus their efficacy.  

...

Mercy Cuenca-Condoy1*, Lourdes Reinoso-García2, Juan González-Rojas2, Dionel García-Bracho3  

...ovine mastitis and their frequency in the Biblián-Ecuador canton. One thousand four hundred and forty mammary quarters were analyzed, coming from 360 Holstein cows in milk production. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) was used to qualitatively verify the increase in somatic cell count (SCC) in milk to indicate the presence of microorganisms causing bovine mastitis. Of the 1440 quarters studied, 175 were found positive by CMT, these were plated in dupl...

Ahmed Kareem Kadhim Al-Wasmee1, Waddah Salam Hassone2, Hawraa Talib Al-Janabi3, Hamed AH Al-Jabory1

...ated and interpreted the frequency of theileriosis in the calf herds in Babylon Province. We carried out the study from July until the end of December 2022 in several regions of Babylon Province. Ninety jugular vein blood samples were collected. The calves ranged from <1 M to ≥4 M and both sexes were represented. Two ml of blood were placed in sterile, EDTA-treated tubes, and were sent to the parasitology lab in an ice pack. The blood was put in a deep f...
Luis Fernando Díaz-Toral1, Carlos Eddy Alvarado-Zamora1, Ernesto Gonzalo Cañarte-Bermúdez2*, José Bernardo Navarrete-Cedeño2, Gilmar Jesús Cañarte-Cañarte1 and Fernando David Sánchez-Mora1* 

Huma Naz1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Tanveer Ahmed3*, Khalid Abbas2, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Fareeha Latif4, Adnan Ahmad Qazi1, Muhammad Adeel Hassan5

...periment. Similarly, the frequency of micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear anomalies (NAs) were also increased as the duration of exposure passed. It is concluded that exposure of fish to insecticides may cause considerable genetic damage to the fish. The both Comet and MN Assay are good biomarkers to identify the insecticides pollution. The results of our study can be utilized in environmental risk evaluation and in bio-monitoring approaches. 
...
Muhammad Usman1, Ghulam Murtaza2, Allah Ditta3, Tamana Bakht3 Muhammad Asif4,
Muhammad Nadir1and Sehar Nawaz5
... specie with
frequency value of 79.1% while Paspalum distichum had the highest importance value index
(6.96) among the weeds of the study area. Based on these findings, it is recommended to
create awareness among the farmers about the identified weeds so that weed infestation
could be controlled with the recommended practices.
...

Gulwaiz Akhter1* and Tabreiz Ahmad Khan

... %) and minimum (28.33%) frequency of occurrence of O. aegyptiaca was found in
Kurrahi and Palhari. The infestation of O. cernua in brinjal crop was observed in 14
localities, where the greatest disease incidence and frequency of occurrence of O. cernua
were recorded Jakhni (29.29%) and Gazipur (38.89%). Whereas, the lowest disease
incidence and frequen...

Haroon Khan1*, M. Mubassir Khan1, Bakhitar Gul1, M. Fawad1 and Imtiaz Khan1

...te and relative density, frequency and relative frequency and importance valve were recorded by the quadrate method. Cynodon dactylon had the highest relative density (27.21%), followed by Digiteria sanguinalis (14.87), Cyperus rotundus (12.96) and Euphorbia prostrata (5.12). Parthenium hysterophorus L. an invasive alien weed was recorded in almost all the sites with a density of (2.6 m-2) in the non-field areas particularly...

Zia Ur Rahman1*, Naveed Ahmad1, Adnan Ahmad2, Hammad Ud Din1 and Fazli Amin1

... a conventional watering frequency of once per month. The objective of the study was to identify the best-performing Sesame varieties that would enhance productivity in the target areas. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The tested Sesame varieties included TS-3, TS-5, TH-6, Till-18, DM-14, Anmol-Till, and Black King. The analysis of variance revealed significant variations in phenological parameters, sp...
Babar Raza Kazi , Abdul Hanan Buriro , R.A. Kubar , Allah Wadhayo Jagirani
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Ayaz Khan
...a were collected for the frequency and dimensional measurement of different wood elements/ structures in each wood species. On the basis of results, it was found that Morus alba wood may be comparatively stronger and have better seasoning and preservation behavior. Moreover, Morus alba wood may be more resistant to deteriorating agents in comparison to Morus nigra. Further, the wood of both the species may also be suitable for pulp and pap...
Khalid Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Tanvir Hussain
...pifolia. The highest frequency of earlywood vessel per unit area was found in P. tomentosa and that of latewood vessel in P. fortune. Maximum ray height at tangential side was measured in P. catalpifolia whereas the ray width was found in P. tomentosa. The highest frequency of wood rays at tangential side was observed in P. fortune whereas at cross side it was found in P. tomentosa
G. M. Nasir
...a were collected for the frequency and dimensional measurements of various wood elements/structures in each species. Results showed that Lasura, Shreen, Dhak, Ritha and Tun wood may be better in strength due to longer and thick-walled fibers and Kao and Anjir wood may be medium in strength as the fibers are comparatively thin-walled. In order to increase service life, preservative treatment of wood before utilization may be necessary for all the studied specie...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir, Tanvir Hussain and Khalid Hussain Sulangi
...a were collected for the frequency and dimensional measurement of different wood elements/structures in each wood species. On the basis of results it was observed that Kiker, Robinia, Lachi and Gurgrua wood may be strong and hard and Toot, Kangar, Siris, Willow, Barh, Batkar and Jaman wood may be better or medium in strength due to longer, thick-walled or narrow lumened fibers. The wood of all the studied species may be somewhat non-durable because of higher <...
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Khalid Hussain
...avior due to its vessels frequency and diameter. Moreover, on the basis of parenchyma distribution Ash wood grown in Kashmir may be comparatively durable against biological decaying agents as compared to that of grown in Quetta, Balochistan....
Tanvir Hussain and G. M. Nasir
...e vessels were higher in frequency or larger in size in Indonesian and Burmese Teak for the reason the wood may be comparatively easy to season. The wood rays were lower in frequency or smaller in size in Indonesian and Indian Teak due to that the wood may be somewhat more durable among the studied wood samples.

...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir and Khalid Hussain Solangi
...e vessels were medium in frequency, smaller in diameter and engaged minimum volume of the wood. The wood rays were medium in frequency, a bit larger in size and occupied almost one third wood volume as fibers. The axial parenchyma was abundant and also occupied approximately one third volume of the wood. Over all, the parenchymatous cells occupied highest volume of the wood for the reason it may be non-durable and require pr...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...on-durable due to higher frequency or larger size of wood rays and need preservative treatment to increase the service life. The process of wood seasoning and preservation may be slow because of small to medium diameter of vessels however Mulberry and Ash wood could behave better due to larger diameter of earlywood vessels. Further, on the basis of fiber morphological characteristics, the wood of all the studied species may also be suitable for pulp and paper ...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...a were collected for the frequency and dimensional measurements of various wood elements / structures in the wood. Results showed that minute variations exist in general in average values of different anatomical features in Masquite wood grown in both areas. In Masquite wood grown in Punjab, the fibers are fairly longer and thick-walled, the wood rays are smaller in size and lower in frequency and the vessels are larger in d...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...icroscope for structure, frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements/structures in the wood species. Results showed that in Acacia ampliceps wood, the fibers are medium in length and reasonably thick-walled. The vessels are small in diameter and lower in frequency. The wood rays are higher in frequency and a bit larger in size. The wood may be better in strengt...
Enefiok S. Udo1, Opeyemi Olajide1 and Eyo A. Udoh2
...her tree species had one frequency each/ha. In the shrub category, Lasianthera africana had the highest population of 255/ha and Alchornea cordifolia, the least of one/ha. Palisota hirsute had the highest population of 136/ha in the herb life-form, and Urena lobata the least of one/ha. Among the climbers, Ancistrophyllum secundiflorum had the highest population of 51/ha, and Plukenetia conophora, the least of one/ha. ...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...a were collected for the frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements and wood rays. Results showed that the wood of Neem, Mesquite, Kabuli Keker and Beri Patta may be stronger or better, Alstonia and Jacaranda medium and that of Sohanjna weak in strength on the basis of fiber morphological characteristics. The wood of all the studied species may be somewhat non-durable because of higher frequency or lar...
G. M. Nasir
...ith minute variations in frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements/ structures. In local ash wood the fiber are comparatively longer, narrow and the vessels are smaller in diameter due to which the wood is somewhat hard and heavy as compared to European ash wood. However, locally grown ash wood is more suitable when the product strength is an important factor....
G. M. Nasir and Noreen Fatima
...a were collected for the frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements/ structures in each species. Results showed that on the basis of fiber morphological characteristics, the wood of Phulai, Ipip Ipil, Black Siris and White Siris may be stronger or better in strength whereas, Pipal, Lasura and Jand may be medium and Gul-i-Nishtar light in strength. Due to abundant axial parenchyma, higher frequency or l...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir, Noreen Fatima and Kanwar Muhammad Suleman
...aper mulberry woods, the frequency of vessels was found to be higher. Therefore, the woods may be easily seasoned and preserved. Amaltas, Chinar, Paper mulberry, Ber, Bakain, White Bakain, and Farash woods the frequency or size of wood rays was found to be higher and the woods may be non-durable. Therefore, chemical treatment of these woods is necessary before utilization as structural timbers for manufacturing of products. ...
J. Kayode and P. O. Tedela
...oduced improved with the frequency of watering, Statistical analyses at 5% level revealed that the different watering treatments had no significant effects on these growth parameters in different soil samples. Both the soil type and the frequency of watering affected the number of nodules. The dry weight of nodules was affected by soil type but the soil type and the frequency of watering d...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...ures and studied for the frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements. Results showed that the fiber length and wall thickness generally increased from pith to bark. The fiber diameter increased progressively upto a distance of 5cm from pith after that it decreased somewhat or remained more or less constant. The vessel diameter was found to increase up to 4cm distance from the pith, reaching to its maximum value beyond that it fluctuated m...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique and Saliheen Khan
...reduce the intensity and frequency of floods and increase the quantity and quality of water available for agriculture during the dry season. ...
M. Al-Amin and M. Alamgir
...on The study of density, frequency, abundance, relative density, relative frequency, relative abundance of various species showed that it is possible to bring the depleted area under complete forest cover through the protection of natural regeneration....
Mohammad Ayaz
...versity and habitat. The frequency and intensity of these fires may be different in forest areas due to nature of terrain, climate, presence of dry undergrowth and nature of forest vegetation. However, no quantitative data on the occurrence and extent of forest fires in the country are available. As a result, no nation-wise strategy could be formulated to minimize and control this forest catastrophe as well as to provide primary data for national and internati...
Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Mushtaque, Aqeela Mubeen Akhtar, Nighat Chughtai and Shaheena Ramzan
...ating shoot buds at high frequency. These aseptically developed plantlets were shifted to earthen pots for rooting without applying any root-promoting hormone. These plantlets showed a good growth response in earthen pots and attained one-meter height within a period of two months...
Khalid Hussain and G. M. Nasir
...a were collected for the frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements/structures. Results revealed that in Elm wood, the fibers were longer, medium in diameter, wide lumened and fairly thick-walled due to that the wood may be relatively better in strength. The vessels were lower in frequency but quite larger in diameter and the wood can be seasoned without any difficulty. The wood rays were medium per un...
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Ayaz Khan Marwat
...a were collected for the frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements/structures. Results showed that that the wood is of medium strength and may be used in furniture, flooring and construction where medium strength is required, however, chemical treatment of the wood before utilization with preservatives is prerequisite and can favour its endurance against biological deteriorates. Moreover, pulp and paper products may also be manufactured...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir and Iqbal Mahmood
...ed and wide lumened and frequency and size of wood rays was somewhat higher. The wood of all the three species could behave better in seasoning and preservation, chemical treatment may be necessary to enhance the durability of wood and can be used for pulp and paper due to favourable fiber morphological characteristics. On the basis of physical and mechanical properties, the wood is suitable for various purposes where high strength is not required. It...
Kh. Rizwan Shehzad, Z. H. Malik and Rizwana Aleem Qureshi
...s respectively. Density, frequency and coverage of each species in the different stands were recorded. It was changed to relative scales and then added together to get the importance value for each species in each stand. Communities were named after the 3 leading dominants. The following five communities were recognized: (I) Melia-Lantana-Stellaria, (II) Morus-Dodonaea Melilotus, (III) Dodonaea-Grewia-Melia, (IV) Stellaria-Zizyphus-Dodo...
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
...n communities if the frequency and intensity of defoliation are controlled more closely as in this experiment. ...
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...t cut and low irrigation frequency. Foliage loss helped in improving vitality of plants by reducing moisture loss through transpiration thereby decreasing plant mortality. Further, almost all dying and dead plants were infested by termites at Kharian while only 30% of dead plants were infested at D. I. Khan showing that termites are not the cause of mortality of plants....
Safdar Ali Kayani*, Tanweer Ahmad*, Abdul Kabir Achackzai* and Abdul Qadeer**
...te nest was not uniform,(frequency<50.0%)....
Abdul Aleem and M. Noor
...the effect of harvesting frequency on Napier hybrid bajra (fortnightly, monthly, bimonthly and final) and Vicia sativa (monthly,1-1/2 monthly, bimonthly and final). Final harvest produced significantly more forage as compared to monthly and bimonthly (Napier hybrid bajra) and 1-1/2 monthly and bimonthly (Vicia sativa) harvests (0.05 levels). Highly significant (0.01) results were obtained in case of fortnightly (Napier hybrid bajra) and monthly (...
Mohammad Noor
... in the grazed area. The frequency of grasses and fobs was not affected....
Abdul Aleem
...han 8 years, whereas the frequency of twinning was more in females older than 5 years. ...
S. Maqsood Khan
...d for forage production, frequency and surface features inside the exclosure and equal number outside. Trees cover; forage yield and frequency of grasses, and frequency of more palatable shrubs was higher in the exclosure than in the open. All the species recorded in the grazed area were also found inside the exclosure, but with lower forage yield and frequency
S. Maqsood Khan
...ference was found in the frequency of grasses or forbs of desirable, intermediate or undesirable species due to closure....
A. Khalique and Shahida Perveen
...s showed that the pollen frequency at a distance of 96 meters is 0.5%of the source frequency. The standard deviation ( D) of the pollen dispersion distance was calculated from pollen counts as a measure of pollen dispersion. It was calculated according to SEWALL WRIGHT's formula (Wright, 1962). The value of D is 16.1 meters....
Mohammad Ayaz
...ing width influenced ray frequency and dimensions in samples of wood having wide and narrow growth rings of ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Bakain (Melia azedarach), Elm (Ulmas laevigata) and Mulberry (Morus alba). Ash, Elm and Mulberry had significantly more rays per unit area in the sample with wider growth rings than in the sample with narrow growth rings. The rays in bakain samples with wider rings had more cells and cell size was lar...
Abdul Aleem and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...an sand and clayee loam; frequency of irrigation, weekly or fortnight has no significant effect ...
M. Hafeez and M. I. Sheikh
...fferent rooting media, frequency of irrigation and position of cutting on the plant etc. and using clones like P. deltoids 63/51, 90/60, 69/55 and 18/62, P. euramericana CV-I-214 being the control. Indications in both the cases were that supported by adequate winter rains or artificial irrigation and an efficient planting schedule, February was the best month for planting of most of the clones of poplar in the country....
Anwar Masrur, PFS (I)
...nnel maintenance, stream frequency, shape, slope and elevation....

Muhammad Wasim Khan*, Ghulam Abbas, Asma Fatima and Shahnaz Rashid

...riation was noted in the frequency of fish catch/kg/hr tow per month, particularly during pre-monsoon, post-monsoon. High abundance (74.95%) of estuarine fish species was found followed by marine fish species (23.27%) and freshwater fish species (1.78%). The estuarine fish species belonging to the family Clupeidae are most dominant (28.5%), followed by Carids shrimp (23.6%), Engraulidae (14.3%), Mugilidae (13.8%), Jellyfish (6.9%), Leiognathidae (6.5%), Sciaen...

Maqsood Anwar, Shah Khalid and Naveed Akhtar1*

...ike density,
frequency and cover were calculated for each weed species. Twenty weed communities were
established in 20 selected sites/stands. Comparative evaluation of diversity revealed
that Menhinick’s index ranged from 0.61 to 1.72, Margalef’s species richness index
ranged from 2.82 to 6.31, Simpson’s diversity index ranged from 0.78 to 0.94,
Shannon-Wiener diversity index varied ...

Zahid Ali1,2, Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1*, Nazeer Ahmed1,3, Muhammad Shafi1, Faisal Saeed1 and Abdul Majeed1

...an, Pakistan. The length frequency data (n=1635) and length-weight relationship (n=603) of fish was collected from three fish landing sites of Balochistan coast during 2022.  The growth, mortality and exploitation of fish was evaluated after analyzing the length frequency distribution in to ELEFAN method. The length-weight relationship slope b from Sonmiani Daam, Gaddani and Kundmalir were estimated as 3.287 (R2=0.827),...

Tariq Zaman1*, Fawad Khan2, Sajjad Ahmad2*, Alia Mehsud2, Atta Ur Rahman3, Muskaan Zaman2 and Sumaira Noor2

Hafiz Muhammad Ashraf, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir* and Javed Iqbal Qazi

...%, respectively. Highest frequency occurrence (FO) 87.5% was observed for Labeo rohita followed by two species Channa punctate and Cirrhinus mrigala (75%). Maximum Shannon-Weiner index 3.119 and 3.122, Margalef index 2.825 and 3.573, Evenness index 0.9728 and 0.9849 were recorded during low and high flow seasons, respectively. Taxonomic diversity (Delta) and total phylogenetic diversity (sPhi+) was found maximum during high flow season. Head Balloki upstream a...

Real Datta1*, Md- Tariqul Islam2, Md. Afradul Islam3, Apurbo Kumar Mondal4, Tilak Chandra Nath1, Kazi Mehetazul Islam1, Jamal Uddin Bhuiyan1 

...the type of farm, breed, frequency of deworming, and body condition score of cattle but not significantly with other factors like animal gender and age. Additionally, this study concludes that every farm should employ bio-security measures as well as a regular deworming strategy due to the frequency of GIT nematodes, particularly in indigenous breeds of cattle raised in free range farming systems. 

...

Muhammad Shahid Hassan1, Nargis Naz2, Hassan Raza Javeed1*, Sabahat Zafar1, Laraib Kanwal1, Seerat Mariyum1, Areej Fatima1, Areeba Bashir1 and Muhammad Imran Atta3

...ributes such as density, frequency, cover, relative density, relative frequency, relative cover, and importance values index were measured for each field. The importance value index and Simpson’s biodiversity index were also calculated. Weeds community in the study areas encompasses 18 weed species with 17 Genera and 11 families. The dominant families of weed flora were Poaceae (22.22%), Fabaceae (16.66%), Ammaranthace...

Zahid Fazal1, Jaweria Gul2, Muhammad Subhan, Khan Sher and Qasir Ali

...nsity, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, importance value %, average importance value, Constancy classes and Importance value constancy index of various weeds of the area were recorded. The mean data across surveyed localities revealed that the flora is dominated by Digitaria sanguinalis with the highest relative density of 63.78% in maize, 58.78% in potato and 33.11% in mungbean, among all species. In all thr...

Md Imran Hossen1, Shakhe Reju Ana Boishakhe1 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh2*

...ion and also to know the frequency of different factors associated with FP. The study was performed at Upazila Livestock Office and Veterinary Hospital, Barishal Sadar and Pet Clinic, Barishal between November 01, 2023 to 10 April, 2024. A total of 131 case data were investigated that were extracted from the paper-based recording system in both place of which 53 cases were diagnosed as FP. Next, we calculated the prevalence, mortality rate, and case fatality o...

Rafika Febriani Putri1, Chairdin Dwi Nugraha2, Ari Ardiantoro3, Irida Novianti1, Irisa Trianti4, Wike Andre Septian1, Ahmad Furqon5, Kuswati Kuswati1, Nashi Widodo6, Suyadi Suyadi1*

...more, and their drinking frequency increased compared to other groups of goats (P<0.05). Feeding levels provided significant improvements (P<0.05) in MCV and PLT parameters. Low feed consumption caused a decrease in MCH in Kacang goats, but it was not significant (P>0.05). In conclusion, when evaluated in terms of animal welfare, the results of the current study may indicate that Kacang goats had a high ability to manage restricted feeding.

Renny Fatmyah Utamy1*, Ambo Ako1, Hasbi Hasbi1, Zyahrul Ramadan2, Andi Arif Rahman Hakim2,3, Siti Annisa Sukri2

...(P=0.04) and respiratory frequency (P=0.02). However, it had no significant effect (P>0.05) on either dry matter intake of forage, concentrate, total consumption, milk yield, feed conversion efficiency, heart rate, body temperature, heat tolerance coefficient, or Benezra coefficients. In early lactation, dairy cows are susceptible to negative energy balance, which can reduce performance and affect physiological values. Proper feed intake can help address th...

Enany M.E.1, Fadel Hanaa M.2, Abo-Shama U.H.3, Ahmed Mona M.1, Kholief M.E.A.4*

...s H. pylori (cagvachrgA) frequency in autumn. Among the highest frequency both of caghrgA 66.6%, positive nitrate biotypes were highly resistant 85.7 % in autumn through antimicrobial susceptibility test, conversely to non-nitrate isolates are sensitive 35.7% & 57.1% in autumn and winter, respectively especially for felines against levofloxacin, tetracycline and amoxicillin in presence of vacA 100%, otherwise deficient v...

Iram Alam Sthanadar1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Sami Siraj2 and Omar Malik2

... our population has high frequency of major allele CC which confirmed that patients receiving metformin, glimepiride and its combination therapy were effective for glycemic control through-out in a 12 months cohort with a p value of <0.0001. The SNP rs1057910 in CYP2C9 was inconsistent with H.W equilibrium and shows disequilibrium in our population. The study found a modest but non-significant effect of the CYP2C9*3 rs1057910 polymorphism on susceptibility ...

Saima Younas and Aleena Sumrin*

...ly detected found at the frequency of 83.8% and 84.6% in treatment naive and experienced patients respectively. While mutations at position M28 and L31 were not identified in both groups of current study. Mutations present in both treatment naive as well as in treatment experienced groups suggesting they have no role in DCV resistance, while identification of A30T, Y93H, P58T and S98G in treated patients suggests that DCV RAMs are circulating in Pakistani HCV ...

Muhammad Nauman Hanif1*, Tanveer-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2*, Abid Hussain3 and Amar Matloob4

... were collected with the frequency of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 15 days after the application of pesticides. The collected plant and soil samples dried and extracted to determine pesticide residues using the modified QuECHERS method. Pesticides residues assessment was performed on High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at the Pesticide Quality Control Laboratory, Multan. There were no pesticide residues were detected in the soil samples. While in the cauliflower ...

Ridha Tunnisa1, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2*, Sri Purwanti2, Sri Rachma Aprilita Bugiwati2, Wempie Pakiding2

...ism (PCR-RFLP). Genotype frequency, allele frequency, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were analyzed in this research. The research showed that three genotypes, AA, AB, and BB, were successfully visualized. The AB and BB genotype of the IGF-1 gene was significantly related (P<0.05) with final body weight, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio in hens Alope chicken. So the IGF-1 gene has the potential to be used as a g...
MohamadRahijan AbdulWahab*andAhmadAimanSalahudin
 
...their monthly income and frequency of consumption. Groups based on gender, age, ethnicity, and work status did not significantly differ in their purchase intentions towards stingless bee honey consumption; however, groups based on education level, monthly income, and frequency of consumption did significantly differ. Thequestion with the highest correlation was between customer satisfaction and customerpurchase intentio...

Ishtiaq Ahmad Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1, Muhammad Shuaib1*, Sohaib ul Hassan2, Abubakar Sufyan3, Waqas Alam1, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Aamir Khan4, Qudrat Ullah2, Muhammad Ayaz4 and Tayyab Khurshid5

...spectively. Insemination frequency, cockerels’ body weight, and production cycle had no significant effect (P>0.05) on both parameters, however, the effect of cockerels’ body weight on hatch was considerable (P<0.09). Artificial insemination exploits the optimal role-play of both the male and female lines to overcome low fertility in commercial poultry and may replace natural mating as per business needs, particularly after the peak egg-layin...
Anum Razzaq*, Tariq Mahmood, Ammara Saman, Ammara Baig, Nadeem Munawar and Muhammad Farooq
... = 18, P < 0.05). The frequency of different food items of cropping and non-cropping season (summer and monsoon) showed the significant difference (F = 1.15, df = 18, P < 0.05) and the remaining unidentified food items were non-significant to each other (F = 1.10, df = 18, P > 0.05). The study concludes that Indian gerbil has got a beneficial role for sustainable agriculture practices. 

...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

October

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 5, pp. 2001-2500

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