Evaluation of In-Vitro and In-Vivo Efficacy of Hedera helix Extracts against Haemonchus contortus in Sheep
Evaluation of In-Vitro and In-Vivo Efficacy of Hedera helix Extracts against Haemonchus contortus in Sheep
Abdul Qadeer1,2, Muhammad Avais1*, Abdul Wajid3, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1, Hanif Ullah4, Asad Khan5, Sajid Ur Rahman2,6, Aqeel Javeed7 and Sher Zaman Safi8,9
ABSTRACT
Haemonchus contortus is an important nematode for small ruminants throughout the world. The commonly available drugs show unwanted side effects as well as resistance to different parasites, so medicinal plants have attracted attention due to their affordability and beneficial effects. In this study, the activity of Hedera helix extracts was investigated against H. contortus in sheep. In the in-vitro trial, the anthelminthic activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Hedera helix was checked on eggs and developed larvae of H. contortus at different doses (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 0.2 mg). Aqueous and methanolic extract of Hedera helix was assessed for its in-vivo anthelmintic activity at doses of 1.13 and 2.25 gm/kg respectively in naturally infected sheep with H. contortus. ED50 of egg hatch assay (EHA) was studied with a dose of 0.103 for methanolic extract, 0.117 for aqueous extract, and 0.069 for albendazole. ED50 of LDA was seen at a dose rate of 0.035 for methanolic extract, 0.091 for aqueous extract, and 0.058 for albendazole. The in-vivo study of the methanolic extract showed better results than the aqueous extract in the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) at both dose rates. Post-treatment on days 4, 7, and 14 showed a significant (p<0.05) fecal egg count drop in the treated group of both extracts of Hedera helix. The efficacy of Hedera helix methanolic extract and aqueous extract at a dose rate of 2.25 gm was 67.6 and 44% respectively on day 14. The albendazole showed 75 % efficacy on day 14. It was observed that the surge of the Hedera helix dose rate potentially decreased the parasitic load.
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