Arshad Ali Khan1, Muhammad Sajid1, Abdur Rab1, Sahib Alam2, Abdul Bari3
...te the effect of various combinations of potassium from organic and inorganic sources on the growth, yield and fruit quality of two tomato cultivars i.e., Falcon and Rio Grande for two years. The response of tomato cultivars was assessed to six combina- tions viz. 0-0 (control), 100-0, 75-25, 50-50, 25-75 and 0-100% of poultry manure (PM) and Sul- phate of Potash (SOP). All the factors (K-sources, cultivars and years) alone and in combination sig- nificantly a...
Tauseef Taj Kiani1*, Mozammil Hussain1 and Hidayat ur Rahman2
...ten F1 hybrid combinations, which were used to develop three generations F2, BC1 and BC2. Heterosis (in F1) and inbreeding depres- sion (in F2, BC1 and BC2) were quanti ed for traits including shelling percentage, kernels per row, kernel rows per ear, and 100-grain weight and grain yield. Non-additive gene action was evident for shelling percentage, kernels per row and 100-...
Muhammad Amjad Nadim1*, Mohammad Safdar Baloch1, Ejaz Ahmad Khan1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Kashif Waseem2
..., Cu and B (alone and in combinations) were assigned to sub-plots. The results revealed significant variations in plant growth and yield attributes with recommended doses of NPK fertilizers. This treatment (NPK at recommended levels) resulted in higher leaf area index (0.33 and 0.27 [49 days after sowing-DAS] and 2.03 and 2.77 [98-DAS]), crop growth rate (40.42 and 40.96 g m-2 day-1), relative growth rate (88.94 and 84.14 mg g-1 day-1), net assimilation rate (...
John G. Bruno1*, Chien-Chung Chao2,3, Zhiwen Zhang3, Wei-Mei Ching2,3, Taylor Phillips1, Allison Edge1, Jeffery C. Sivils1
...ure and reporter aptamer combinations and tested in a fluorescent peroxidase-linked Amplex® UltraRed (AUR; a resazurin-like substrate) version of a rapid (< 1 h) aptamer magnetic bead sandwich assay. The optimal sandwich aptamer combination utilized the same aptamer sequence (designated Rt-18R) for both capture and reporter functions while producing a signal to noise ratio of > 4.0 for detection of ~ 1,000, R. typhi cells. Titration experiment...
Tahir Khan, Raziuddin, Fakharuddin* and Muazam Jamal Razi
.../sub> populations, cross combinations CA5 × DH8, CA2 × DH7, CA2 × DH8, CA5 × DH7, CA4 × DH7 and CA4 × DH8 performed better. Plant height and main raceme length displayed moderate to high broad sense heritability and maximum genetic advance for most of the F4 populations. Current results suggested the effectiveness of selection in early generations for the improvement of these traits. ...
Qaizar Ahmed1, Fida Mohammad2, Hidayat-ur-Rahman2, Sheraz Ahmed2* and Fakharuddin2
... crossed in all possible combinations to generate 7 x 7 diallel crosses. In 2008 and 2009, all F1 hybrids along with their parent cultivars were planted in randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replicates at Tobacco Research Station Mardan (plain) and Tobacco Research Substation Mansehra (hilly). Data for all traits were analysed in pooled analysis and individual environments. Heterosis over better parent was determined for all traits acr...
Zar Muhammad and Mohammad Tariq Jan
...ed as sole or in various combinations six weeks before sowing and then were incorporated to plots at sowing both the years. All treatments including control were either supplemented with half of the recommended dose (75 kg N ha-1) of Urea-N or no Urea-N. Compost, its composition, mineral N and their interactions significantly affected maize yield and yield components over two years average data. Compost application produced more maize ears m-2 (13%), grains ea...
Pan-pan Guo1, Wei Liu2, Yan Li2, Rui-yu Ma2, Wang Zaigui1*, Kai Zhan2*, Jun-ying Li2 and Sheng-nan Liu2
...hase program. Haplotypes combinations constructed on these two SNPs of HTT gene were associated with some reproduction traits. In particular, diplotype H1H1 had positive effect on reproduction traits, diplotype H2H4 had negative effect of reproduction traits. In conclusion, our study showed that polymorphisms of the HTT gene were significantly associated with egg production traits in two Anhui local chicken breeds, but the suggestions that HTT may be considere...
Süleyman Kök1*, Sertaç Atalay1, Hasan Semih Eken2 and Mustafa Savaşçi3
...nd all of their genotype combinations, were also found to be carried by TGC....
Muhammad Sohail1,*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Naureen Aziz Qureshi2 and Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry3
...copper (Cu) alone and in combinations (Pb + Cr + Cu) for 15 days under laboratory conditions. Gill cells of mussels were used to determine the DNA damage by comet assay. The tail DNA (%), comet tail length and olive tail moment (OTM) were the parameters selected to detect DNA damage. Low doses (120 µg L-1) of each metal induced significantly higher levels of DNA strands breaks as compared to medium dose (240 µg L-1) and very low levels of DNA damag...
Yusuf Koc1, Ecevit Eyduran1* and Omer Akbulut2
...ee methods for different combinations of parent node: child node in the data set regarding animal science. To achieve the aim, 1884 Mengali lambs were provided for predicting weaning weight from sex (male and female), birth type (single and twin), birth year (2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009), farm (Research station, Mastung, Quetta, and Noshki), birth weight, dam age, and dam weight. To choice the best regression tree method, goodness of fit criteria such as c...
Nosheen Noor Elahi* and Misbah Mughal
...ious stem epidermal cell combinations and structures like number of stomata, number and shape of cork, silica, long, and pointed elongated cork cells. It is therefore contended that the structure of the epidermis in sugar cane can be used as a characteristic of variety differentiation....
Erum Bughio1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi*1, Muzamil Memon2, Reema Bughio3, Pervez Ahmed Khoso4, Zafar Ali Khoso1 and Ali Asghar Baloch5
... vaccinated with various combinations of IBD through different routes. Results showed that the birds of different groups received different maternal antibodies did not induce any antibodies as recorded in all groups received vaccines at days 1, 9 or 12 exhibited similar pattern antibody profiles, however, an increase in the mean titer of antibodies was recorded from 17 and onwards. Furthermore, on day 39 of age, the birds of all groups including control were c...
Maoying Zhu, Yuntao Ji, Xiaoyu Wang, Junying Pu and Changqing Qu*
...em cells. Four different combinations of cryoprotectants with and without hydrogen gas (H) (purified H2 was dissolved into normal cryopreservation solution for 2 hrs under 0.6 MPa were tested including the following groups: control (CK), 100µm GSH, 10µm fasudil hydrochloride (FH) and a combination of the two (GSH + FH). A solution of 10% (v/v) Me2SO + 20% FBS was used as the standard cryopreservation solution. After 2 months, ...
Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty
Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
... to detect individual or combinations of viruses with sensitivity comparable to ELISA. Methods based on PCR provide the greatest sensitivity among the listed techniques but are limited in parallel detection capability even in “multiplexed” applications. Better, easier and cheaper than polymerase chain reaction or antibody detection, rolling circle amplification using the bacteriophage 29 DNApolymerase allows for a reliable diagnosis of geminiviruse...
Sitansu Pan and Amrita Das
Evaluation of shelf life of some value added organic formulations of Trichoderma harzianum
...an and FYMand also their combinations with two oil cakes, neem and mustard cake. The growth was estimated in terms of colony forming unit (c.f.u.)/g of substrate up to 120 days at 30 days interval. In all organic products or their amendment with oil cakes c.f.u. increased up to 60 days and then gradually declined. Among the four organic media, vermicompost retained 21.3 x 10 c.f.u./g at 120 days where as leaf mold,FYMand rice bran retained 20.1 x 10 c.f.u./g, ...
S. K. Mukhopadhyay and M. V. Santha Kumar
Studies on the biosafety of botanical insecticides to native natural enemies of mulberry ecosystem
...tract in different conc./combinations along with dimethoate and dichlorvos on four coccinellid bio-control agents (Micraspis crocea, Micraspis discolor, Brumus suturalis and Scymnus bourdilloni ). All botanicals tested showed least mortality and was on par with unsprayed control. Dimethoate (0.1%) was highly toxic causing 100% mortality. Whereas, dichlorvos (0.1%) was least toxic in comparison to dimethoate. Botanical insecticides tested in different conc./
Sitansu Pan and Amrita Das
Control of cowpea (Vigna sinensis) root and collar rot (Rhizoctonia solani) with some organic formulations of Trichoderma harzianum under field condition
...ong with other treatment combinations. It was observed that seed priming with mycelia preparation of the antagonist Trichoderma harzianum at 4g/kg of seed and organic formulation of the antagonist in vermicompost along with 20% neem cake (w/w) gave best disease control along with yield of cowpeas over leaf mold +20% neem cake formulation of the antagonist, talc base formulation and seed treatment with carbendazim at 2g/kg of seed. Seed priming with mycelial ma...
K. K. Hegde and B. S. Nandihalli
Bioefficacy of some indigenous products in the management of okra fruit borers
...ried individually and in combinations along with endosulfan (0.07%) and untreated control. Repeated sprays of GCKE recorded least number of eggs (1.40 eggs/plant) followed by NSKE (5%) alternated with cow dung 10 per cent (1.71 eggs/plant). Repeated sprays of cow dung and cow urine used individually were not effective against the borers and recorded higher fruit damage of 55.70 and 52.10 per cent, respectively. GCKE was significantly superior in reducing the f...
Azhar Abbas Khan1,*, Arif Muhammad Khan2 and Muhammad Afzal3
...ifference in most of the combinations except wheat with aphids (3.8889±0.4554). The fresh leaves of rose, citrus, brassica and wheat (1.2±0.2006, 1.3556±0.1416, 1.5778±0.1829, 2.1444±0.2027, respectively) attracted significantly more numbers of C. septempunctata as compared to control and aphids alone (0.7667±0.1204 and 0.8333±0.1153). With every next hour (3, 6 and 12 h) of observation the movement of
Muhammad Imran Shabbir
...to describe the possible combinations of paternal and maternal alleles for a particular cross. Described here is a line-dot method using ternary genotype codes to determine genotype probabilities in a very quick and simple way. Also ternary genotype codes along with gender symbols and affection status are used to modify the Punnett squares. On applying these modified Punnett squares along polygonal shapes covers all possible parental c...
Murad Ali1, Farmanullah Khan1, Wiqar Ahmad2* and Imran Khan1
... N: P2O5: K2O. T2), four combinations of farmyard manure (FYM) i.e 20, 15, 10 and 5 t ha-1 with 0, 25, 50, 75% of the RD (T3, T4, T5, T6, respectively), four combinations of poultry manure (PM) i.e. 10, 7.5, 5 and 2.5 t ha-1 with 0, 25, 50, 75% of the RD (T7, T8, T9, T10, respectively) and four combinations of the mixed FYM (5 t ha-1) and PM (2.5 t ha-1) with 0, 25, 50, 75% of the RD (T11,...
Mian Ahmad Raza*, Ghulam Hassan and Naqib Ullah Khan
... crossed in all possible combinations during 2011-12 cropping season. The resultant F1 hybrids were planted following a randomized complete block design using three replications in the subsequent wheat growing season of 2012-13. For days to maturity, F1 cross combination PS × FS among the F1 hybrids showed earliness (160.7) whereas F1 cross combination BST × SRN and JNB × BST ranked first among the crosses for spike length (15.9 cm). Among th...
Abdus Subhan1, Qudrat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Mansoor2 and M. Jamil Khan1
...ective of their kind and combinations, exerted significant (p≤0.05) variation in plant growth, yield parameters of wheat and water use efficiency. The inorganic fertilizer gave significantly higher total dry matter, grain and straw yield and also due to the greater grain yield the water use efficiency calculated was greater in the NPK treatment. Bulk density, porosity and organic matter were significantly improved by the cattle manure and compost treatments...
Shengyan Su, Zaijie Dong*, Wenbin Zhu, Lanmei Wang and Jianjun Fu
...mes;3 full diallel cross combinations used for selection was built to investigate compensatory like growth of each combination. Yes/No(Y/N) effect was determined for specific combination dyads, which there were significant differences in body weight at tagging, but no difference in body weight at harvesting. Among the 36 dyads, 7 had an YN response (19.4%). When the YN effect had a fixed accumulated value, the value reflected its compensatory like growth degre...
Faiza Hassan1, Mubshara Saadia1,*, Muhammad Sher1, Mian Anjum Murtaza2, Muhammad Arshad3,Asam Riaz4 and Mahmood Ahmad Khan5
... be applied in herb-drug combinations commonly used as antidiabetic.
...
Muhammad Ijaz Khan* and Amanullah Jan
...4 kg ha-1), alone and in combinations with gypsum (1000 kg ha-1) as inorganic soil conditioner were applied a week before sowing of maize. Design used was randomized complete block with split plot arrangement replicated thrice. Experimental site was Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar. Irrigations regimes were subjected to main plots while soil conditioners to subplots. Results of the two years study indicated that most of the yield ...
Sumaira Zareen1, Syeda Sadaf Zahra2, Ayeza Mehmood3, Muhammad Asadullah4* and Aish Muhammad5
...erent concentrations and combinations of benzyl amino purine (BAP) or kinetin for shoot induction and Indole acetic acid (IAA) for primary shoot and Indole Butyric acid (IBA) for root proliferation. Best shoot proliferation (4.48 per explant) was observed in MS medium containing 0.2/0.4 mg/L BAP/IAA combination. For rooting of the micro shoots, MS medium was supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA exhibited best results with 4.69 mean value of roots per shoot at an ave...
Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1*, Abid Ali2, Manzoor Hussain2, Saadia3, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Sohail Latif6
...ed different fertilizers combinations i.e (F1) control, (F2)100% recommended dose of NPK, (F3) 75% recommended dose of NPK + 1.5 t ha-1 poultry manure(PM), (F4) 75% of recommended dose of NPK +3 t ha-1 farmyard manure (FYM) and(F5) 75% of recommended dose of NPK + 4.5 t ha-1 press-mud (PrM) along with seed inoculants (I1) Azospirillum and (I2
Sikander Khan Tanveer, Shaheena Yasmin, Imtiaz Hussain, M.Yaqub Mujahid*, Muhammad Munir and Muhammad Asif**
...the effects of different combinations of fertilizer nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) with or without farm yard manure (FYM) on yield, yield components and as well as on the grain quality parameters of wheat. Nutrient treatments included full fertilizer NP (100:100:00), full fertilizer NP + FYM (100:100:20), half- fertilizer NP (50:50:00), half- fertilizer NP + FYM (50:50:20), FYM only (00:00:20) and control (00:00:00). N & P were applied in kg ha-1 and FYM...
Abdullah Adil Ansari* and Kumar Sukhraj**
... the vermitech in varied combinations for exploring the effect on soil and productivity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in Guyana. The soil quality was monitored during the experiment along with plant growth parameters of Okra. The study revealed that combination organic fertilizers vermicompost and vermiwash combination [VW+VC] compared with control [CON] and chemical fertilizers [CHM], had great influence on plant growth parameters. The average yield of Okr...
Oguz Bilgin, Kayihan Z. Korkut, Alpay Balkan, and Ismet Baser*
...arents and their genetic combinations for the characters. The degree and direction of heterosis varied for different characters and for different hybrids. The highest heterosis over mid and better parents (120.14-109.93%) was recorded in hybrid of Kyzyltan91xIDSN209 for grain weight/spike. Maximum limits of heterosis over mid and better parent for spike length, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, spike density, grains/spikelets and spike harvest index were 8.77-8.1...
Hidayatullah, T. Mahmood, M. Farooq, M. A. Khokhar and S.I. Hussain*
* Corresponding author: hidayatu2003@yahoo.uk.co.uk
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AFFECTING SEX EXPRESSION OF BOTTLE GOURD (LAGENARIA SICERARIA MOLINA) PLANTS
...iar spray with different combinations of ethrel did not improve yield and yield contributing attributes....
Muhammad Arifullah, Muhammad Munir*, Abid Mahmood**, Saifullah Khan Ajmal and Ghulam Shabbir*
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOME YIELD ATTRIBUTES IN INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L.)
... crossed in all possible combinations using 8×8 diallel system for combining ability analysis. Data was recorded for seed yield and some important yield attributes. The results for combining ability analysis indicated significant general combining ability for most of the traits except plant height and siliqua length. UCD-8/4, KJ-119 and BRS-2 were good general combiners for yield related traits. A cross BRS-2 × UCD-8/4 showed best desired SCA for n...
Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed, Muhammad Ansar*, Ashiq Saleem**, Zafar ullah Arif*, H.I. Javed and Rashid Saleem**
IMPROVEMENT OF MASH BEAN PRODUCTION UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS BY RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION AND LOW RATES OF STARTER NITROGEN
...III and the treatment -1 combinations applied were control, 20, 40 and 50 kg N ha , 750 g inoculum -1 -1 -1 - ha , inoculum + 20 kg N ha , inoculum + 40 kg N ha , inoculum + 50 kg N ha 1 . The experiment was laid out in a split plot design keeping varieties in main plots and fertilizer/inoculum combinations in sub-plots. The results showed significant differences for all the plant characters under the study. -1 The crop matu...
Gulzar S. Sanghera and Wassem Hussain*
HETEROSIS IN RELATION TO COMBINING ABILITY PER SE PERFORMANCE IN TEMPERATE RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
...;">Thirty six (36) cross combinations developed by crossing 2 Cytoplamic male sterility (CMS) lines with 18 testers in line x tester mating design were evaluated to find out best heterotic combinations in terms of yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, crosses, lines, testers and line x tester interactions for all the traits studied. The sp...
Nasia Batool*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar**, Imdad Hussain Mirza** and Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan**
MIXING LESS PALATABLE GRASSES WITH UREA, MOLASSES AND EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS AND ITS EFFECT ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY IN GOATS
...d (DB) were used and the combinations were grass + 4% molasses, grass + 4% urea, grass + 4% urea + 4% molasses, grass + 4% urea + 1:100 EM, grass + 1:100 EM + 4% molasses, grass +1:100 EM + 4% molasses + 4% urea. Proximate analysis of samples was carried out. Crude protein content of mixtures improved as compared with sole grasses. Digestibility of HC supplemented with urea, molasses and EM in various combinations was also s...
Sadia Tehrim*, M. Yasin Mirza** and G. Mustafa Sajid*
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT GROWTH REGULATORS FOR EFFICIENT PLANT REGENERATION IN GRAPES
...tudy, different hormonal combinations in regeneration media were studied to determine the best combination for in vitro morphogenesis of grapevine accessions viz., 4494(1) Kowar Sufaid, 4472(12) Harker Agoon and 4492(1) Kowar Naray. When levels of benzylaminopurine (BAP) were increased in the basal MS media for culturing the grape plantlets, there was a corresponding increase in the number of shoots and root mass. Additionally, the shoot proliferation response...
Nosheen Zahra*, Ghulam Sarwar* and Sher Muhammad**
COMPARISON OF GYPSUM AND POTASSIUM SILICATE FOR RECLAMATION OF SALINE SODIC SOIL
...ssium silicate and their combinations at different levels for reclamation of saline sodic soil was tested. Treatments were replicated thrice. All pots were arranged according to completely randomized design and treatments were applied to the soil according to treatment plan. Appropriate time was given to achieve the reclamation of saline sodic soil and relative efficiency was assessed through laboratory analysis. After this, rice seedling (Shaheen Basmati) was...
Tosif Tabassam*, Tariq Sultan**, M.Ehsan Akhtar**, M.Mahmood-ulHassan** and Arshad Ali**
SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT FORMULATED CARRIERS FOR SUSTAINING MICROBIAL SHELF LIFE
...e rhizosphere. Different combinations of material were prepared using clay soil (35-50%), fly-ash (30-45%), press mud (5-15%) and lignite (5-15%). Clay soil (53% clay) was used for adhesion purpose but considering free of lump formation an important property of a good carrier, mixing 40% of soil with other material was found suitable. Using 40% of soil, six different treatments were formulated and physico-chemical characteristics were determined. Four
Syeda Nasreen*, Muhammad Ayub Khan*, Muhammad Arshad*, Maryam Kamal**, Doulat Baig *, M. Tariq*, Talat Gilani* and Musarrat Gilani*
COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES FOR SEED YIELD TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER
...d in different desirable combinations for varietal improvement through breeding programme. The cross of CMS-303 x RHA-271 expressed the highest specific combining ability (SCA) value for yield while CMS 303 x RHA-854 hybrid exhibited the highest SCA estimates for harvest index. CMS-53 x RHA-854 and CMS-64 x SF-187 crosses exhibited the highest SCA estimates for head diameter and 1000-seed weight, respectively. The SCA variances were higher than GCA for seed yi...
Muhammad Ismaeel1,2*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Aziz Ur Rahman1 and Mian Ahmad Raza1
... (45.1%) while F1 hybrid combinations Bas-2008/Kashmir-Bas and Bas-6129/Dokri-Bas for 1000-grain weight (18.9%) and grain yield (50.0%). Rice parents IR-8, Bas-6129 and Bas-370, based on their excellence for yield and yield related parameters, are recommended for use in future rice hybridization programs while the F1 cross combinations DR-92/DR-83, Bas-6129/Dokri-Bas and Bas-2008/Kashmir-Bas are recommended to develop advanc...
Muhammad Fiaz1*, Muhammad Afzal1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2
...ither alone or in binary combinations. There was a significant reduction in psyllid population for all treatment combinations as compared to control (F8, 107 = 70.36; P-value = 0.001 for 2016 and F8, 107 = 63.58; P-value < 0.001 for 2017). Combined application of spirotetramat along with I. fumosorosea formulation has shown a significant synergistic effect against D. citri infestation and is recommended to citrus growers ...
Abdur Rehman and Zahir Shah
...t all levels alone or in combinations also improved soil organic matter, mineral N, P and K status that could be associated with more N2 fixation, enhanced plant and root growths of plants. These results suggested that application of both Mo and Fe is necessary for pea crop enhanced nodulation, N2 fixation, yield, nutrient uptake and for improved soil fertility ...
Hafiz Manzoor Ahmad1,*, Hamad Bin Rashid1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Muhammad Rafi Ullah2 and Usman Ghani1
...with usage of anesthetic combinations. This study was aimed at comparative evaluation of two anesthetics combinations viz. ketamine-xyalzine (K+X) and ketamine-xylazine-diazepam (K+X+D). A total of 20 ducks presented at pet center University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore were divided into 2 equal groups each carrying 10 birds. The birds were monitored for various physiological parameters before and after an...
Dan Yü, Chuchu Li, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...enoconazole alone or its combinations against S. sclerotiorum. The results showed that T. hamatum could infect and destroy the mycelia and sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum by mycoparasitism. The cell-free culture supernatant and ethylacetate extracts from T. hamatum inhibited mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum, with EC50 value of 0.54 µl/cm2 and 2.99 µg/ml, respectively. The sclerotia production ...
Arifa Mehreen1, Iram Liaqat2,Muhammad Arshad3, Muzzamil Waheed4 and Najma Arshad1,*
...hood of strains carrying combinations of genes involved in toxin production and/or host immune evasion. Highest resistance was observed against beta-lactam group followed by cephalosporin, lincosamide, tetracycline, macrolides and aminoglycosides. No resistance was observed against vancomycin and linezolid. Among genes involved in host immune evasion, Staphylococcus protein A (spa) was identified most frequently (81%) and proportions of capsular ...
Arshad Iqbal1*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Hidayat ur Rahman1, Faiza Aman2 and Aziz-ur-Rahman1
...rived from F5 rice cross combinations along with their 8 parents were planted in a randomized complete block design (RCB) having three replications at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2016 rice crop growing season. Data were taken on some of the morphological traits like number of days to heading (days), number of days to maturity (days), flag leaf area (cm2), culm length (cm), panicle length (cm), primary branches panicle-1 (no.) and secondary p...
Monsif Ur Rehman1*, Hidayat-ur-Rahman1, Muhammad Iqbal2, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1 and Zahir Shah3
...d the resulting 45 cross combinations were further explored for their use as source of elite inbred line development in a line × tester experiment conducted at Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak and Maize and Millet Research Institute, Yousaf wala during Kharif 2016. A total of 164 testcrosses from four testers were evaluated for yield and other traits (days to anthesis, kernels ear-1, 100-grains weight) in RCB design with two replications. Analys...
Sumera Siddique1,†, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Muhammad Irfan1
Screening of some agri-wastes for economical cultivation of Candida tropicalis SS1
...l as in eleven different combinations. The media were inoculated with 1% (w/v) suspension of 24 h old yeast cultured in nutrient broth. The strain grew best in water melon (WM) at pH 7.0 and 37 °C under non agitation conditions. The proximate analysis revealed that the water melon peels showed the highest amount of crude protein (which was measured by micro Kjeldahl digestion system) followed by bagasse, mango, and apple peels with respective values of as ...
Raazia Kiran1, Alya Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan1*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir2
An overview of pre-treatment methods used for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into valuable products
...acteria, and quite a few combinations thereof to
breakdown the lignocellulose into its components. Pre-treatment process changes
cellulose morphological, chemical and physical features, making it prone to
enzymatic attack for saccharification. In this review, we have discussed different
pre-treatment methods and their effect on recalcitrant structure of lignocelluloses
for making it readily available for enzymatic hydrolysis&...
breakdown the lignocellulose into its components. Pre-treatment process changes
cellulose morphological, chemical and physical features, making it prone to
enzymatic attack for saccharification. In this review, we have discussed different
pre-treatment methods and their effect on recalcitrant structure of lignocelluloses
for making it readily available for enzymatic hydrolysis&...
Muhammad Asghar1*, Mirza Muhammad Qadeer Baig1, Sanaullalh Chaudhary1 and Muhammad Anjum Ali2
... crop by using different combinations of fungicide (difenoconazole) with various concentrations of sprayable formulations of macronutrients (NPK) was conducted during Kharif 2012 to 14 at Adaptive Research Farm, Gujranwala, Pakistan. The experiment was conducted on a promising basmati rice cultivars Super basmati in RCBD with three repeats. The spray of difenoconazole at rate of 315 mlha-1 + 500gha-1 of NPK (20:20:20) significantly decreased incidence of BLS p...
Qingling Hu1,2,3,* and Jinian Feng3
...que in this genus by the combinations of having 5 pairs of long setae on pronotum, the ultrashort chapped craspedum on posterior margin of abdominal tergites, and the shape and relative locations of setae on tergite IX.
...
Raza Ullah1* and Jamal Shah2
... farmers using different combinations of the two risk coping tools namely, off-farm diversification and precautionary savings. The results suggested that adoption of risk coping tools, particularly the simultaneous adoption of multiple tools at the same time, significantly reduced wheat yield. The research suggested that future studies should identify ways to minimize such costs associated with risk management at farm level. ...
Rahat Afza, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Asam Riaz*
...of different life stages combinations of Coccinella septempunctata and Coccinella transversalis in the presence and absence of prey and the impact of sublethal concentrations of insecticides on intra-guild predation (IGP) and aphid consumption by coccinellids. Data revealed that in the absence of prey larvae of C. septempunctata exhibited more predation on C. transversalis while the predation of C. septempunctata on C. tra...
Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Tahir Amin1, Muhammad Riaz2, Zafar Iqbal3 and Fiaz Hussain1
...th compared to all other combinations. Results indicate that CRIS-134 with 25 days irrigation interval in zero tillage system is more advantageous and adaptable in agro-ecological conditions of Dera Ismail Khan ...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Saleem Haider1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Ashfaq1, Muhammad A. Aqueel2 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah2
...d alone and in different combinations against 2nd and 4th instar larvae of S. litura. The highest mortality of larvae was recorded after 7 days of application when both insect pathogens were used in combination (SpltNPV 1×108 POB/ml + Bt 0.1 μg/g) i.e. 85.25, 79.31 and 92.11% mortality (in case of 2nd instar larvae) and 70.42, 63.64 and 80.88% (in case 4th instar larvae) of Fa...
Huseyin Cetin1,*, Oner Kocak2, Emre Oz1, Samed Koc1, Yesim Polat1 and Kalender Arıkan2
Bushra Siddique1,*, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Naeem1 and Muhammad Ali2
...reatments with different combinations of plant extracts and semiochemicals were used for natural enemypreference experiment. The experiment was conducted with seven treatments and five replications at Glass house situated in Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi field area during Feb-April, 2015. The Coccinella septempunctata were collected from wheat crop plants. They remained starved for two days before Olfactometer bioassays. For ...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,*, Hareem Mansoor1, Sana Khan1 and Mushtaq A. Saleem1
... delayed by using binary combinations of insecticides. Keeping in view the importance of synergism as well as the concerns about environmental hazards and emergence of resistance against these insecticides, the current project was designed to figure out the lethal concentration (LC50) of emamectin, abamectin and spinosad alone and in various conbinations such as abamectin:emamectin (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 1:2 and 1:3) and abamectin:spinosad (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, ...
Abdul Hanan1, Talha Nazir1, Abdul Basit1, Shahbaz Ahmad2 and Dewen Qiu1,*
...mortality 91%, while combinations, V-2×V-2 and V-5×V-5 resulted in lowest M. persicae mortality 79% and 65%, respectively. The results revealed that in all types of bioassays, V-3 isolate was the most virulent and its filtrate application was found to be the most effective against M. persicae.
...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*, Rashid Mushtaq1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Mujahid Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir2, Zubair Aslam4, Sumaira Maqsood5, Ishita Ahuja3 and Atle M. Bones3
...n, while the rest of the combinations were found additive in all the tested populations. The results confirmed the population of S. litura from Rahim Yar Khan Region least susceptible, and that of Faisalabad highly susceptible. It may be inferred that the mixtures of the correct sub-lethal doses of Spinoad and NPV in combination may be used against destructive pests such as S. litura. This strategy also has a great potential in insecticide resist...
Amna Qazi1, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2*, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Shafquat Yasmeen2, Shahla Karim Baloch1, Muharram Ali1, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan2, Sagheer Ahmad3, Muhammad Rashid Nizamani4 and Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui2
...ure using four different combinations of shoot induction media and three disparate recipes of rooting media. It was seen that both of the factors i.e. genotype as well as growth medium played significant role in inducing propagation of the sugarcane. Shoots were observed to initiate earliest in NIA-2004, NIA-2012 and NIA-1026-P7 in MS media supplemented with 1.00 mg l-1 IAA + 1.00 mg l-1 Kin + 1.00 mg l-1 BAP and 20 g l-1 sucrose. Regarding number of shoots, s...
Ali Asghar1*, Tariq Mukhtar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Asim Gulzar2
...d on chili singly and in combinations. Significant effects of M. javanica and R. solanacearum and their interaction were observed in case of shoot and root lengths and weights of chili. The mean lengths and weights of shoot and root varied significantly as a result of both the pathogens applied singly and in combinations. The reductions in these parameters were significantly higher when both the pathogens were ...
Muhammad Zamin1*, Abdullah Khan1, Ibadullah Jan1, Fazli Rabbi2, Shahen Shah3, Rashid Ali1, Kaleem Ullah1 and Muhammad Amin4
...(RCBD) with 10 treatment combinations of nitrogen (0, 100, 200, 400 kg ha-1), Potash (0, 100, 200, 400 kg ha-1) and other combinations (200N + 100K kg ha-1, 100N + 200K kg ha-1 and 400N + 400K kg ha-1) with four replications. There were 10 plants in each replication. The highest number of florets per spike (11.42) were obtained at treatment combination of nitrogen and potash (100N +200K kg/ha) where other parameters of plant...
Fazli Ahad1, Raziuddin1, Nazir Ahmad1,2*, Muhammad Nauman1, Touheed Iqbal3, Nabeel Khan1, Fazli Hameed4 and Quaid Hussain2
...ed weight (7.3 g). Cross combinations CA5 × DH6, CA5 × DH7, CA2 × DH7 and CA5 × DH3 showed potential performance for pods main raceme-1 (80.9), pod length (8.2 cm), seeds pod-1 (25.7), 1000-seed weight (7.8 g) and seed yield plant-1 (18.4 g). All the studied traits showed moderate (>30%) to high (>60%) broad sense heritability coupled with maximum genetic advance in F3 populations, hence indicated that selection could be effective...
Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Muhammad Zubair Khan1, Ayesha Bibi2, Muhammad Shehzad Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad1
...bactericide in different combinations on tomato plants. This research study was performed at Agricultural Research Institute, Tarnab, Peshawar-Pakistan. Different biochemical tests were conducted to confirm stem rot pathogen. Boron was applied at the rates of 1.97, 2.96 and 3.95 g seedbed-1. Plant extracts were neem (Azadirachta indica) and ghwaraskay (Dodonaea viscosa). Morphological traits such as plant height, maximum number of fruits plant-1 and yield were...
Sohail Ahmed1,*, Muhammad Waseem Saleem1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Shahid Nisar2, Rashad Rasool Khan1 and Abdul Rashid3
...tegrated in all possible combinations, thus, making a total of 15 treatments including separate application of each above and a control where none was applied except water only. Results showed significant difference amongst treatments (p <0.05). Application of spinosad alone and in combination with other control methods proved to be the most effective treatment. Releases of bio-agents viz., C. septempunctata and C. carnea resulte...
Gulnaz Parveen1*, Salma Gul2, Muhammad Ather Rafi3, Ashfaq Ali Khattak4 and Hikmatullah Jan5
... with combination. While combinations of 3% LP + 3% ShP, 3% LP + 5% ShP, 5% LP + 1% ShP, 5% LP + 3% ShP, 5% LP + 5% ShP completely controlled the infection of Macrophomina phaseolina. Similarly combination of 5% LP + 5% ShP completely control the infection of Fusarium solani While 5% LP + 3% ShP treatment completely controlled the infection of F. oxysporum. ...
Younis Jamal1, Asad Naeem Shah1, Wasif Amin Butt1, Ahmad Naveed1*, Muhammad Usman1
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FUEL INJECTION PARAMETERS ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS
...pe nozzles, six distinct combinations of nozzles with varying
cone angles and tip penetration (protrusion) lengths (designated as 135° × 3.5 mm, 140° × 3.5 mm, 145° × 3.5 mm,
150° × 3.5 mm, 150° × 2.5 mm, and 150° × 1.5 mm) were used at three different injection timings comprising 16°
before top dead center (BTDC), 13°BTDC and 10°BTDC. Experimental results reveal that ...
cone angles and tip penetration (protrusion) lengths (designated as 135° × 3.5 mm, 140° × 3.5 mm, 145° × 3.5 mm,
150° × 3.5 mm, 150° × 2.5 mm, and 150° × 1.5 mm) were used at three different injection timings comprising 16°
before top dead center (BTDC), 13°BTDC and 10°BTDC. Experimental results reveal that ...
Hassan Nasir*, Rashid Rehan,** Rizwan Younis,*** Fazal Mabood,**** Salman Saeed,**, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam**
MACHINERY SELECTION FOR DEMOLITION AND RECYCLING OF PAVEMENTS: A SIMULATION-BASED TOOL
...ations of
various combinations of machinery items. Utility of the developed model is illustrated with the help of a case study
involving demolition and recycling of a flexible pavement. ...
various combinations of machinery items. Utility of the developed model is illustrated with the help of a case study
involving demolition and recycling of a flexible pavement. ...
Hina Fatima1*, Sania Shaheen2, Lal Khan Almas3 and Sehrish Haroon4
Profit Efficiency among Transplanting and Direct Seeded Rice Producers (Case Study of Certain Rice Growing Areas of Province Punjab, Pakistan)
...of DRS due to unsuitable combinations of inputs. Direct seeded rice farmers displayed more efficiency compared to the transplanted rice farmers. However, for DRS and TRP farmers’ opportunities still exist to maximize profit through adopting improved farming practices and production techniques. Moreover, the results also demonstrated that farmer’s education, age, farming experience, extension service facility and land tenancy considerably effects pr...
Farid Ullah Khan*
ACTUATION ENHANCEMENT OF A MICRO BIMORPH THERMAL ACTUATOR
...f a spectrum of material combinations. Although a silicon-aluminum (SiO2-Al) BTA exhibits superior characteristics over a limited operational range, it is found that a silicon-stainless steel (Si-SS) bimorph provides larger deflections at higher operational conditions. The practical constraints on traditional bimorph materials in extreme operating conditions arise from intrinsic material properties such as yield strength and melting temperature. Under such ext...
Saba Iqbal1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Hafiz Muhammad Nasrullah1, Asmat Ullah1 and Hafiz Muhammad Akram2
Response of Cotton to Application of Organic and Inorganic Source of Nutrients in Semi-Arid Climate
...r cotton crop. Different combinations were; T1= control (recommended fertilizer dose 145-56-62 NPK kg ha-1); T2= poultry manure (8 t ha-1); T3= FYM (10 t ha-1); T4= slurry (10 t ha-1); T5= urea 30 kg ha-1+ poultry manure 6 t ha-1, T6= urea 30 kg ha-1+ FYM 8 t ha-1; T7= urea 30 kg ha-1+ slurry 8 t ha-1; T8= urea 60 kg ha-1+ poultry manure 3 t ha-1; T9= urea 60 kg ha-1+ FYM 4 t ha-1; T10=urea 60 kg ha-1+ slurry 4 t ha-1 . Treatments were laid out in field accord...
Samet Hasan Abaci1,*, Hasan Onder1, Mustafa Sahin2 and Esra Yavuz3
...90, 120 and 150 days and combinations of them for every breed. To compare the Mean Square Errors (MSE) of the models, the autocorrelation values of Durbin Watson (DW), the information criteria of Akaike (AIC) and the coefficient of determination (R2) were used as comparison criteria. Kruskal Wallis H test was used to compare comparison criteria in different models. The Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the groups in pairs. Results showed that ...
Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
..., chlorpyrifos and their combinations was studied on the specific activities of esterases in the 4th and 6th instar larvae of susceptible laboratory strain (Lab-S) and deltamethrin resistant population (GUW) of stored grain pest, Trogoderma granarium. After exposure to LC20 of bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos and their combinations of 3:1 and 1:3, the activities of total esterases, chol...
Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Abdul Rasul Naseem1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Muhammad Khalid2, Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich3 and Muhammad Arif4
..., pHs = 9.10). Different combinations of gypsum and humic acid tested were: T1 - control, T2 - gypsum @ 100 % GR, T3 - gypsum @ 75 % GR+ HA @ 15 kg ha-1, T4 - gypsum @ 75 % GR+ HA @ 30 kg ha-1, T5 - gypsum @ 50 % GR+ HA @ 15 kg ha-1, T6 - gypsum @ 50 % GR+ HA @ 30 kg ha-1. Yield data of each crop was documented at maturity. Results showed that growth and yield attributes increased significantly, and properties of saline-sodic field were ameliorated remarkably ...
Muhammad Arsaln1, Sair Sarwar2*, Rizwan Latif1, Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary3, Munazza Yousra2 and Shahbaz Ahmad2
Effect of Vermicompost and Microbial Inoculants on Yield, Soil Fertility and Economics of Wheat under Rainfed Conditions
...experiment using various combinations of vermicompost (VC) @ 4t ha-1 and phosphorus solubilizing bacterial (PSB) as microbial inoculants along with recommended dose of NPK fertilizers (RDF) were applied at the time of sowing. The combined application of VC, PSB and RDF increased the wheat yield 2684 kgha-1 and 3179 kgha-1 while the yield recorded in control was 572 and 887 kgha-1 for two consecutive years. Same trend was observed in other yield attributes i.e....
Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Subhan1, Muhammad Nisar2, Ali Hazrat2, Zahid Fazal1, Gul Rahim2, Imran Ahmad1, Riaz ul Haq1 and Shamia Bibi1
Genetic Diversity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarus L.) Collected from Different Ecological Zones of Malakand Division (A Part of the Sino Japanese Region of Pakistan)
...relation coefficients 45 combinations were identified having strong positive correlation. The strongest correlations (above 50%) were computed 67% of all the combinations. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified quantitative variability of 55 common bean landraces. The eigenvalues of more than 60.8% accounted a total of 70% genetic variants. Finally, it was found that a high degree of variance was identified in all...
Muhammad Imran1,2*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Amer Rasul3
Brown Leaf Spot: An Exacerbated Embryonic Disease of Rice: A Review
...ich include all possible combinations of cultural, biological, chemical, induce resistance, nutrient management, natural byproducts, and resistant cultivars. The best control of this disease in current climate scenario is the use of the integrated different management approaches to cope the emerging threat of this disease for food security in future....
Abida Parveen1, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Nazir Javed1, Anam Moosa1*, Khushboo Javaid1, Hina Safdar1 and Asma Safdar2
...O extracts, SK and their combinations compared to MI treated control plants. The total number of infective juveniles/g root and soil, galls, egg masses, females were highest in MI treated plants while lowest in plants treated with a combination of MI + SK + aqueous MO + ethanolic MO after 60 days of inoculation. SK and MO has demonstrated significant potential to suppress MI infection. Therefore, further investigations should focus on their efficacy at field l...
Malik Abdul Rehman1*, Hafiz Muhammad Ehsan2, Tehseen Ashraf2, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani3, Sajjad Khan3 and Mujahid Ali2
Effect of Growing Media on Plant Growth of Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) and Poncirus (Citrus trifoliata)
... manure) in 14 different combinations of growth media to check for plant growth of rough lemon and poncirus rootstocks. Five plants per treatment were growing in black polythene bags filled with the required media using a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Data of stem length stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and survival percentage was recorded. Chemical analysis of leaf was done by taking samples from treatments were analyzed for...
Arifa Khan1*, Arsalan Bashir1, Shazia Erum2, Jabar Zaman Khan Khatak1 and Aish Muhammad3
Effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine and Indole-3-acetic Acid on Growth and Root Development of Banana Explants in Micropropagation
...ut the impact of various combinations of growth regulators 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP cytokinins family) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA auxin family) on growth and root induction of banana explants micro-propagated in vitro. Explants were obtained from young suckers of 8818-william, Pisang and Brazilian varieties. The explants were cultured in vitro containing MS media and different BAP and IAA combinations. The results showed ...
Nasir Rashid1,2*, Javaid Iqbal1,2, Umar Shahbaz Khan1,2, Mohsin Islam Tiwana1,2 and Amir Hamza1,2
...s earlier with different combinations of classification techniques based of feature extraction. The dataset has been recorded at Graz University of Technology, Austria and used for BCI competition 2008. Dataset comprises of EEG signals of four independent limb movements. These four movements represent feet movement, tongue movement, right hand and left-hand movements. In past researches, technique based on Cepstral analysis is applied primarily in area of spee...
Sadaf Javaria1, Anum Marwat1, Muhammad Nadeem2, Mehwish Zerlasht1, Aiman Kareem3, Iqra Rubab1 and Masooma Munir4*
...h puree mixed in various combinations T1 (100:0), T2 (75:25), T3 (50:50), T4 (25:75), T5(0:75) to develop a nutritious functional snack. The effects of different fruit ratios on moisture content (MC), pH, total titratable acid content, total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C, protein, iron and magnesium were investigated. Results of sensory evaluation showed that all the samples were in an acceptable range. Howe...
Hagar E. Mohammed1, Ranwa A. Elrayess2 and Heba N. Gad El-Hak2*
...o evaluate the effect of combinations of Artemisia monospermia with Mentha piperita on male fertility.Treated rats with different doses of A. monosperma or M. piperita alone induced severe testes histopathological lesions and histochemical alteration associated with a reduction in epididymis weight, abnormality in the sperm indices and a decline in serum testosterone levels which may have a bad impact on male infertility, on the oth...
Sajid Ali, Shahen Shah* and Muhammad Arif
...ll the treatments’ combinations and a control {(4 x 4 x 3) +1} were laid out in a randomized complete block design having three replications. The plot size was 12 m2 accommodating ten rows. The recommended wheat cultivar ‘Pirsabaq 2013’ was sown by using 120 kg ha-1 seed rate. Nitrogen at the rate of 120 kg ha-1 was applied in two splits from urea. Similarly, 90 kg ha-1 phosphorus was applied from DAP at the time of sowing. Analysis of varian...
Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Imran Khatri1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Arfan Ahmed Gilal1
...rapha daci. Furthermore, combinations of these treatments were designed to find out the most effective combination. The results revealed that among the solo treatments, the plots sprayed with chemical (T2 = Tracer) had least number of infested fruits (29.75±2.69) while in combine treatments, the most effective treatment was T16 (Tracer + Protein hydrolysate + cuelure + T. daci) with 2.00±0.41 infested fruits. Moreover, the highest punctures fruit...
Nabila Kousar1, Tanzeela Riaz2, Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori3 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...) alone and in different combinations i.e., 0.5:01, 01:0.5 and 1:1 against 4th instars of insecticide resistant populations of Trogoderma granarium collected from godowns of Gujranwala (GUW), D.G. khan (DGK), Okara (OKR), Lahore (LAB-S) and Layyah. The LC50 values of deltamethrin against 4th instar larvae of GUW, DGK, OKR, Layyah and LAB-S were 514, 353, 303, 189 and 98 ppm respectively while for the DE these values were...
Muhammad Nauman1, Iftikhar Ali3, Nazir Ahmad1,2*, Fazli Ahad1 and Touheed Iqbal4
...traits. Generally, cross combinations C-88 × C-89, C-93 × C-95, C-97 × C-88 performed better for oleic acid, glucosinolate content, and erucic acid, so that these segregants could be used for biodiesel and other industrial purposes....
Mukhtar Iderawumi Abdulraheem1*, Muhammad Ihtisham2*, Abiodun Yusuff Moshood3, Nawab Khan4, Muhammad Owais Shahid5, Shafiq Hussain6, Kumail Abbas6 and Fawad Zaman7
...rison to other treatment combinations, the treatment combination of weeding thrice and polythene mulching produced the highest yield characteristics at harvest. Okra, an important vegetable crop in Nigeria where viruses cause severe yield loss due to tropical climate. This study will help in the production of disease-free okra crop without chemicals application. Moreover, our study will contribute to the organic production of this important vegetable crop....
Christopher Oche Eche1*, Juliana Iye Oluwatayo1, Demben Moses Esang2, Paul Madina2 and Alexander Uloko1
...total of nine treatments combinations were evaluated using a 3 x 3 factorial experiment laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications. The treatments combinations consisted of single applications of sawdust and eucalyptus biochar, and mixed formulations of sawdust + eucalyptus biochar applied in powder forms at the rates of 0 t/ha, 2.5 t/ha and 5 t/ha. Nematode and yield data were subjected to A...
Jia Liu1, Zhen Wang1, Zifan Ning1, Ali Mujtaba Shah2,3,Qing Zhu1, Yan Wang1, Huadong Yin1, Zhichao Zhang1, Lu Zhang1, Yaofu Tian1, Diyan Li1,Gang Shu2,4, Lin Ye1 and Xiaoling Zhao1,*
... 28, compared with other combinations. The expression of Pax7 mRNA paralleled changed in myofiber density, whereas the expression profiles of MyoG and MyoD were similar to the developmental changes in myofiber diameter. Overall, body weight and muscle expansion of SG chickens were less than FG chickens. MyoG was the possible gene controlling myofiber development as its expression abundances were associated with the muscle developmen...
Muhammad Usman Hanif, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Irfan Ullah
...tic action of the binary combinations of biorational synthetic insecticide (spinosad) and botanical extract (Azadirachta indica) which can be effectively used against the infestations of hadda beetle Epilachna vigintioctopunctata and other foliage beetles.
...
Muhammad Taqi1, Shazia Erum2, Shamaila Rasheed2, Sadar Uddin Siddiqui2 and Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi2*
...4-D, alone as well as in combinations. The highest growth response for callusing 78.3% was observed in BAP (0.5mg/L) in combination with Kinetin (0.25mg/L) +NAA (2 mg/L) followed by 65% at 2 mg/L of 2,4-D. Maximum percentage of shooting (81.67%) with the maximum mean value for number of shoots (7.56) and shoot length (7.07) occurred when the fresh shoot tip of C. tuberculata were planted on to MS salts containing 2 mg/L of BAP, 0.5 mg/L of NAA and 0.25 mg/L of...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Umbreen Shahzad2, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Sami Ullah2, Muhammad Arshad Farooq2, Muhammad Kashan2 and Shitab Khan2
...ld compared to all other combinations. In conclusion, reduced tillage with 20 days irrigation interval is more advantageous and adaptable in agro-ecological conditions of Dera Ismail Khan....
Li Wei, Wei-wei Shao and Zhi-hua Lin*
... treatment with pairwise combinations of pesticides were rarely higher than those under treatment with individual pesticides. At concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/L, the survival rates of F. limnocharis tadpoles did not drastically differ under treatment with all four individual pesticides. In contrast, the survival rates of M. fissipes showed significant differences under treatment with three of the four pesticides (except for pymetrozine). Our results suggested t...
Abdul Haleem1*, Ghulam Hassan1, Arshad Iqbal2, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Sajid3, Farhad Ahmad4, Rafi Ullah Khan5 and Mohammad Ilyas2
...Among F2 progenies, best combinations were Khatakwal × Lalma-13 for plant height (93.96 cm), Janbaz × Pirsabak-05 for tillers plant-1 (12.90), Khatakwal × Tatara-96 for economic yield per plant (28.36 g), Pirsabak-05 × Lalma-13 for spikeletsspike-1 (20.10) and Pirsabak-13×janbaz for 100-grain weight (4.33 g). High broad sense heritability (0.69%) was recorded in cross combinations, Panjab11 &tim...
Aasma Younas*, Ijaz Iqbal and Atif Akbar
...r p ≤ 5 and different combinations of n and p. All possible shifts will help the planners to enhance their choice....
Syed Haseeb Ahmed Shah, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Abdul Samad, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Sumaira Fazal, Niamatullah Kakar, Sabeera Afzal and Asadullah
...pplemented solely and in combinations with different concentration. Chicks were reared in floor pens bedded with saw dust litter, optimal husbandry conditions for broiler rearing were provided to the birds and vaccinations against Newcastle disease and Infectious bursal disease (IBD) were done at 9th, 19th and 11th, 23rd day, respectively. The results of current study revealed that there was non-significant difference (P>0.05) among treatment groups in feed...
Fatma Desouki Mohammed Abdallah
...s a new variable (linear combinations of them) by reduction the dimension of the data for a large number of old variables. A total of 720 values of data were used to represent the variables under study for three different lines of Japanese quail. These variables were (live, slaughter, dressing, carcass, heart, liver, gizzard, and spleen) weight. SPSS packages used for calculation descriptive statistics, correlations and principal component reduction method. Th...
Arab Khan Lund1*, Atta Hussain Shah2, Gul Bahar Khaskheli2, Mool Chand Malhi3, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi4, Abdul Samad Mangsi5 and Asad Ali Khaskheli6
...ence of heating and time combinations (63°C/30min; T1, 72°C/15sec; T2 and 100.17°C/10min; T3) on physical and chemical characteristics of camel milk. The physical characteristics; pH value, acidity, specific gravity, viscosity (cP) and chemical constituents; ash, casein number (CN), non-casein (NCN), whey protein nitrogen (WPN) and whey protein denaturation (WPD) were significantly (p<0.05) varied at different heat treatments in contrast to cont...
Muhammad Islam1,4*, Farrukh Shehzad1, Muhammad Omar2, Abdul Qayyum3 and Rabia Siddiqui4
...% test datasets. Various combinations of train test split have been applied to check the precisions of data partitions subset on the deployed models. ML model predict that the wheat area will rise up to 15%, 51.7%, wheat yield will grow up to 28%, 109.7% and population will rise up to 34.2%, 140.6%, respectively for the year 2030 and 2050. Population will upturn about 88.9% and 30.9% more than from wheat area and wheat yield up to 2050 and it might explode the...
Widiastuti Ardiansyah1,3*, Osfar Sjofjan2, Eko Widodo2, Suyadi Suyadi2, Danung Nur Adli2
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh1, Syed Haseeb Shah1, Niamatullah Kakar2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Muhammad Essa Kakar3 and Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1
... supplement alone and in combinations were provided as pre-starter (days 1-12), starter (days 13 to 24) and finisher (day 25 to 42) feed. Standard broiler rearing temperature was provided in the shed. Results showed that the OXY and TP had significant (P<0.05) effect on physiology of blood parameters, mainly on hemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocytes (RBCs) in all treatment groups treated till day 42 compared with the control group. Remarkably, the AGPs showed a p...
Muhammad Halim Natsir*, Osfar Sjofjan, Yuli Frita Nuningtyas, Danung Nur Adli, Lizar Basnelda, Dimas Frisky Apriyanto, Wahyu Tri Utami
... determine the effect of combinations of fountain clerodendrum and avocado seed flour enhanced with nanotechnology on growth performance, intestinal profile, and microbial population of Lohman chickens. A total 256 Lohmann chicken were used on the experimental diets. The Fountain clerodendrum and avocado seed flour were enhanced with nanotechnology 500 mm. The two-way nested Anova with eight treatments and four replication was employed, with each experimental ...
Sajjad Khan, Fahad Karim Awan*, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani, Muhammad Usama Hameed, Allah Bakhsh and Kainat Bibi
...eatments were applied in combinations to measure the drought and salinity tolerance at initial seeding stages of both oat cultivars, no significant effect was observed on germination %, shoot and root length of both oat cultivars, however PARC, oat performs better at 10 % and 20 % drought stress with salinity level of 80 mmolLˉ¹. However, both cultivars showed significantly stunted performance at 10 % and 20 % drought stress with salinity level of 120 mm...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa1*, Zahid Rızwan2 and Muhammad Atıf Majeed1
...continuously new genetic combinations to avoid fractioning of genetic diversity and gene erosion. In this study ten bivoltine hybrids were screened by heterosis using 11 biological and silk yielding quantitative traits. Heterosis was measured using multiple evaluation index (MEI), mid-parent heterosis (MPH) and better-parent heterosis (BPH), and hybrids were ranked using MEI and cumulative sub-ordinate function (CSF). The hybrids produced MEI >50 with the h...
Khalid Khan1*, Mahmood-ul-Hassan2, Ihsan Ullah1, Haris Khurshid1, F.Y Saleem Marwat1, Salman Saleem1, M. Jehanzeb1 and Zubair Ahmad1
... was recorded for hybrid combinations ICSA233XICSR90, high stem weight (327g) was recorded for hybrid combination ICSA216XICSR-1, maximum days to 50% flowering (77) was recorded for hybrid combination ICSA88019XICSR93012,excellentcrop stand depicted by hybrid combinationICSA220XICSR55, maximum panicle length (25.23cm) was recorded for hybrids combinations ICSA254XICSR112, highest leaf area index (2.0) were observed for hybri...
Saydat Saad Abd El-Megeed1, Walaa Yehia El-Sayed1*, Tarek Khamis2
Humaira Gul1*, Muhammad Junaid Yousaf1*, Fawad Ali1, Mamoona Rauf1, Farhad Ali2 and Iqthedar Ali3
...n in eleven sets of soil combinations texture wise with varying ratio of sand and clay along their chemical properties. Different growth parameters based on physiological functioning and biochemical aspects were observed for various physical and chemical properties of soil provided to plants for growth optimization.. Barley flourished only well in sandy soil. The number of leaves, branches, fruits, plant height, proteins, and chlorophylls were significantly (P...
Ergi Bahrioglu1, Mustafa Hac Isa2, Sibel Cengiz2 and Ertan Ercan2*
...stigated using different combinations of culture substrates and feeds. The aim was to determine the utilization of White worm for recycling the fish feeds in case of expiration. The white worms were either given a plant-based diet or a fish feed-based diet (commercial extruded Seabass feed) in four different culture substrates (rice husk, peat, cocopeat, garden soil). There were altogether eight experimental groups with triplicates. The initial stocking densit...
A. Beyan1, A. Seid†2 and H. Shifa1
...design with 18 treatment combinations of three tomato genotypes (Assila, Cochoro, Marmande) and two pathogens (MJ and FOL) with four replications. At four true leaf stage, tomato seedlings were inoculated with the suspension of MJ at a rate of 3000 second-stage infective juveniles (J2) and 10 ml FOL suspension (1x106 spores per milliliter) per pot around the root rhizosphere one week after transplanting except the control which was not inoculated. The result r...
Hira Anwar1, Muhammad Jabran1,3, Anam Moosa2, Usman Arshad2, Abdul Haseeb1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Burhan4, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed5 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*
...N alone and in different combinations was assessed on plant growth promotion and inhibition of M. incognita infection on okra in a greenhouse experiment under completely randomized design (CRD). The results revealed that application of Enterobacter sp. MN17 significantly enhanced the root length (19.0), root weight (8.7), and shoot dry weight (19.6) as compared to other treatments. However, the combined treatment of Bacillus sp. MN54 + Enterobacter sp. MN17 + ...
Farwa Batool1*, Riaz ur Rehman1, Samia Ikram2 and Maham Zahara3
...d development. Different combinations of silt, sand, leaf compost, FYM, peat moss, sawdust and garden soil were used as (SGS) for the growth and quality of three selected foliage plants (A. commutatum, D. deremensis and A. elatiors). The plant response was observed through observing the plant height (cm), leaf length (cm), leaf area (cm), number of leaves (cm), stem diameter (mm) and survival (%). The pH, EC, potassium (K), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and org...
A.S. Ardakani
...a alone as well as their combinations on Meloidogyne incognita
infecting tomato. Among the different treatments, combined application of H. indica @ 160 J3/g soil +
NSKG formulation @ 1 g/kg soil followed by H. indica @ 160 J3/g soil + NSG formulation @ 1 g/kg soil
were found high to all other treatments in suppressing the M. incognita population (267 and 289 J2/g soil)
and thus, significantly (P 0.05) less gal...
H. Ravindra†, M. Sehgal*, A.S. Pawan, B.S. Archana, S.A. Shruti and H.B. Narasimhamurty
...v>However, the treatment combinations of acasia compost with different bioagents performed well with highest
growth shoot, root length, root weight, yield and lowest root-knot indices. Among the integrated treatments, P.
lilacinus with acacia compost recorded maximum growth parameters and yield with least root-knot index. In
contrast with other works of combination treatments of two bioagents, P. lilacinus + P. chlamydospori...
Ronny A.V. Tuturoong1*, Sony A. E. Moningkey1 and Nova L.I.M. Ogi2
...as formulated into three combinations: T1 (70% corn stover+0% king grass+30% concentrate; T2 (35% corn stover+35% king grass+30 % concentrate; T3 (0% corn stover+70% king grass+30% concentrate. Fecal of HF was collected every day for ten weeks after adaptation. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD), NH3 synthesis and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis were analyzed. The highest dry...
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1, Muhammad Afzal1, Liu Yu Feng2, Muhammad Shahroaz Khan1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*
...ither alone or in binary combinations against 3rd instar larvae of S. litura under laboratory and then under the field conditions. In both trials, insecticidal treatments affected significantly the mean mortality or reduction of S. litura larvae recorded both at two and five days post-treatment. In laboratory bioassay, combinations of flubendiamide and A. indica, flubendiamide and N. tabacum and of spinetoram and A. indica f...
Arief1, Roni Pazla2*, Rizqan1, Novirman Jamarun2
AZKA ASIF, HAREEM MOHSIN*, SADIA N CHAUDHRY, & WARDA FATIMA
... tests should be used in combinations to get a reliable picture.
Key Words: Biosurfactants, screening assays, Oil Spreading Technique, Tilted Glass Slide Test, Emulsification index E24, Emulsification assays.
...
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Asif1, Amjed Ali1, Ahsan Aziz1, Naeem Akhtar2, Muhammad Shahid Gulrez1 and Waqas Raza3*
...s and their all-possible combinations as their basal application to soil as boric acid and ZnSO4 fertilizers, respectively. RCBD with three blocks was applied. Seed of AARI Canola variety was sown in 45 cm apart rows. Maximum CGR (155 g m-2day-1), total dry matter (10663 kg ha-1), LAD (360 days), LAI (4.6), and NAR (34.4 g m-2 day-1), plant height (195.0 cm), and silique length (6.06 cm) biological yield (15.67 tons ha-1), seed yield (3.85 t ha-1) and oil yiel...
Yanping Li, Fei Xu, Yongming Wang*, Yunyun Lv, Jinrong Shi, Biwen Xie, Wenyao Cai and Dian Liu
... S. reevesae, and hybrid combinations were designed as S. superciliaris ♀ × S. reevesae ♂, and S. superciliaris ♂ × S. reevesae ♀. Secondly, 19 microsatellite loci were used to evaluate genetic diversity between hybrid offspring and their parents. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) among groups ranged from 0.685 to 0.818, implying high polymorphism in all of the four groups (PIC > 0.5). The mean observed heterozygosity ranged...
Beenish Shahid1* and Muhammad Ijaz Khan2
...or together in different combinations at intervals of 8, 16 and 24 h of incubation period during in vitro maturation on buffalo oocyte. The supplementation of TCM-199 with E2+rhFSH showed a highly significant increase in the diameter and maturation of oocytes (P<0.0001), as a greater number of the oocytes progressed to the metaphase II stage, and a lower proportion of the oocytes became degenerated (P<0.0001) after 24 h of incubation. The supplementation...
Ahmed El-Sayed Ismail
... and K used in different combinations, a similar trend was noticed when the recommended levels of the fertilizers were applied to plants. It is worthy of notice that when phosphorus was decreased or nitrogen increased, in combination with the other elements at their recommended levels, the nematode reproduced well and folded several times. Also, population dynamics of juveniles and cysts of H. zeae under the stress of a cropping sequence regime revealed that t...
Akbar Hayat1*, Muhammad Asim1*, Tehseen Ashraf2, Ehsan-Ul-Haque1, Rabia Zulifqar2, Maryam Nasir3, Ahmed Raza1, Fahim Khadija1, Sohaib Afzal1 and Shafqat Ali1
...ned with seven treatment combinations of growing substrates that was five times repeated for each treatment in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The rough lemon rootstock was tested for growth with all different types of media as T1 = Soil + silt + sand (2:1:1), T2 = Rice husk + sand + soil (2:1:1), T3 = Bagass + sand + soil (2:1:1), T4 = Wheat straw + sand + soil (2:1:1), T5 = Rice husk + sand + soil (1:1:2), T6 = Bagass + sand + soil (1:1:2) and T7 = Wheat...
Tabark F Ahmed, Nibras Z. Yahya*
...teractions within double combinations of ascorbic acid (AA) with ciprofloxacin (CIP) and erythromycin (ERY) against E. coli O157 isolate by micro dilution checkerboard assay showed that the combination of ascorbic acid with ciprofloxacin exhibited synergistic antibacterial effects through fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC index < 1) against tested isolate, while the combination of ascorbic acid with erythromycin exhibited antagonistic effects. Furthe...
Elfadil, G.E.1,3, G.F. Gouda1*, M.A. Rashed2, A.R. Shemeis1
...information were various combinations from weaning weight (WW), slaughter weight (SW), DG, body length (BL) and round girth (RG). The maximum accuracy of selection (RTI = 0.71) was obtained from the selection based on the full index (I1) containing the five sources of information. Dropping WW and RG from the full index simultaneously, to form the best reduced index (I3), is expected to reduce the accuracy of selection to 0.70. Selection based on DG alone (I5) ...
Fatima Ali1*, Rimsha Tahir1 and Tahir Rehman Samiullah2
... as control group and in combinations with 1%, 3% and 5% NAC. Wound area was measured after 3rd, 7th, 10th and 14th day. Improvement in wound healing was also confirmed by analyzing angiogenesis, apoptosis and chemotaxis genes. A significant increase was observed in the percentage of wound contraction and significant decrease in the period of epithelialization in honey+3% NAC group as compared with control group. Histologically, honey+3% NAC Group treatment re...
Razia Sultana1, Shinawar Waseem Ali1*, Ghulam Murtaza2 and Shahid Mahmood2
...ng bacteria in different combinations. In this study, we aimed to detect and identify bacteria present in locally processed yogurt using the advanced next-generation sequencing (NGS) method. Yogurt samples were collected from open-air shops located in different areas of Pakistan. All yogurt samples were mixed to make one composite sample. DNA was extracted from yogurt using the phenol-chloroform (organic) method. Extracted DNA was used to perform NGS/Illumina ...
Azam Khurshid1*, Jawad Sarwar1, Kamran Sohail1, Hafiz Muhammad Faisal Ayub2, Farooq Muhammad1, Fida Muhammad Khan3 and Adnan Ihsan1
... different plant extract combinations against Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and Jassid (Amrasca devastans) on okra crop at Kalu khan district Swabi, in 2022. Treatments included a synthetic insecticide, six plant extract combinations, and control. The results revealed that the minimum number of whitefly plant-1, after 1st and 2nd spray application, was observed in plots treated with lambda-cyhalothrin (2.65 and 2.20) followed by...
Nur Saptahidhayat1, Claude Mona Airin1, Yanuartono1, Dyah Ayu Widiasih1, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto1*, Sri Handayani Irianingsih2, Meta Iqomah3
...e impact of various feed combinations on both milk production and quality in dairy cows that were previously infected with FMD. This research used 15 dairy cows that had been diagnosed with FMD. The cows were subsequently divided into three groups of feed treatment, each consisting of five cows. Group I, cows were fed a combination of basal feed and Karfeed concentrate, Group II, cows had a variety of basal feed, Karfeed concentrate, and premix, and Group III,...
Hassan Anwar1, Talha Anwar2, Khurram Muaz3, Muhammad Riaz4* and Rabia Anwar5
Wei Wan1, Xiao-Li Wang1, Shu-Juan Wang2, Qin Si2 and Li-Qing Duan1*
...f antagonistic effect (7 combinations), and the most significant antagonism was observed when combining β-pinene and estragole, with an expected mortality of 29.0% and actual mortality of 3.8%. Furthermore, AChE inhibition was observed with estragole, cuminaldehyde, and 1,8-cineole displayed high potency. L-carvone showed the highest GST inhibition activity, followed by cuminaldehyde. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlatio...
Maria Kikelomo Adegun1*, Femi Godwin Ekundayo1, David Daisi Ajayi2
... the dry season, several combinations of non-traditional diets are being researched. In order to better understand the growth, haematology, and serum biochemical indicators of West African Dwarf (WAD) ram lambs, a study was designed that included cassava peels ensiled with urea (UTCP) and graded amounts of Gliricidia sepium fodder (GSF). Sixteen yearling WAD rams with an average weight of 12±1 kg was randomly assigned into four treatments (T1, T2, T3, a...
Nguyen Binh Truong1,2*, Ho Xuan Nghiep1,2, Tran Trung Tuan1,2
...fects of feed supplement combinations on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention. The feed sources were finely ground and used in the experiment were Maize (Ma), Brocken rice (Br), Cassava chip (Ca) and Wheat (Wh). The proportion of combination (% dry matter intake) in two energy feed sources was 15% and 15% such as MaCa, MaWh, BrCa and BrWh. The results show that dry matter intake per body weight of BrWh (3.42%) and BrCa (3.40%) treatments ...
Compatibility of Selected Insecticides Against Sucking Insect Pests of Cotton Under Field Conditions
M. Tariq Mushtaq1, Faisal Manzoor1, M. Ishtiaq1*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Muqarrab Ali2, M. Akram3, M. Rafiq Shahid3 and Saleem Riaz1
...ity of four insecticides combinations i.e., buprofezin + flonicamid, buprofezin + nitenpyram at recommended and half dose of recommended for two years. In separate experiment two combinations of pyriproxyfen + imidacloprid and pyriproxyfen + matrine applied at recommended doses (RD) and 1/2 of recommended doses (HD) were applied on cotton crop against whitefly and jassid in consecutive two years. Randomized complete block de...
Raed M. Al-Atiyat1,2*, Gamaleldin M. Suliman3, Khaled Abu-Alruz4, Firas Al-Zyoud5, Amer Mamkagh6, Ahmed M. El-Waziry7, Abdullah N. Al-Owaimer8 and Rifat Ullah Khan9
...ts accumulated in linear combinations of four traits of most discriminant power body depth, ear length, body height at the rump, and head length. About 77% of the total variation between the breeds. Overall, the analysis of canonical discriminant was very successful in verifying the carcass of each breed considering thus previously mentioned 13 traits. It is recommended to disseminate the findings of this study as a guideline to assign slaughtered sheep and it...
Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Naveed2,3*, Muhammad Shafiq2, Irfan Rasool2 and Muhammad Afzal Zahid2
...nt stresses, alone or in combinations. This demands their substitution with new and improved genotypes possessing higher productivity and inherent resistance/tolerance against yield-limiting stresses. In this context, this editorial reports the development of a new chickpea kabuli variety “Noor-2019”. This cultivar has improved yield potential, dietary elements (proteins, fat, ash), and more importantly, resistance against fusarium wilt and ascochy...
Pramudya Andiana*, Moch. Geerhan Miraja Syahdan, Khothibul Umam Al Awwaly, Abdul Manab
...drolyzed using different combinations of bromelain (b) and papain (p), namely CHP (without hydrolysis); CHP1 (0.25% b and 0.75% p); CHP2 (0.5% b and 0.5% p); and CHP3 (0.75% b and 0.25% p). The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that different concentrations of the combination of bromelain and papain had a significant effect (P<0.01) on pH, soluble protein concentration, p...
Roni Pazla1, Mardiati Zain1*, Fauzia Agustin1, Yetti Marlida1, Zaituni Udin2, Jaswandi2, Masrizal2, Hendri2, Windu Negara3, Totti Tjiptosumirat3, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Multiviza Muslim4
...he ration. The treatment combinations were A1B1 (CP 10% and TDN 60%), A1B2 (CP 10% and TDN 65%), A2B1 (CP 12% and TDN 60%), and A2B2 (CP 12% and TDN 65%). The results revealed a significant interaction between factors concerning consumption and nutrient digestibility. However, there was no significant interaction for production performance. Notably, the highest percentage of first estrous was found in heifers that received A1B2. A diet with 10% CP and 65% TDN ...
Roni Pazla1, Mardiati Zain1*, Fauzia Agustin1, Yetti Marlida1, Zaituni Udin2, Jaswandi2, Masrizal2, Hendri2, Windu Negara3, Totti Tjiptosumirat3, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Multiviza Muslim4
...he ration. The treatment combinations were A1B1 (CP 10% and TDN 60%), A1B2 (CP 10% and TDN 65%), A2B1 (CP 12% and TDN 60%), and A2B2 (CP 12% and TDN 65%). The results revealed a significant interaction between factors concerning consumption and nutrient digestibility. However, there was no significant interaction for production performance. Notably, the highest percentage of first estrous was found in heifers that received A1B2. A diet with 10% CP and 65% TDN ...
MAIMOONA KANWAL, MUBASHAR HUSSAIN*, ZAHEER ABBAS1, SHAKIL AHMAD KHAN2, FATIMA
ZAFAR & RIZWANKHURSHEED2
...nd Glycine) in different combinations. Data collected at the end of 3rd ,4th and 5th instars showed significant variations in larval body length (2.81, 4.27 and 6.02 cm),body weight (0.35, 1.03 and2.74 g) and food consumption (2.60, 3.26 and 4.12 g) when larvae were fed on mulberry leaves dipped in 10 % Vitamin C Solution + 2 % Glycine + Alanine (T9).Significant differences were also observed in all growth parameters. Fecundity (439.67 #), ...
Nabaa Fadhil Abbas*, Raffal A. Omar
...two groups that received combinations of remifentanil with epinephrine. Additionally, one group received remifentanil in a gel formulation. After local administration of these substances by infiltration (s/c) and compared with the control group. the severity of the burn injury and subsequent healing were assessed from first-degree burns. The study results revealed that tramadol and remifentanil with epinephrine significantly slowed down the wound-healing proce...
Iqra Munir1, Abdul Ghaffar2, Asad Aslam2, Muhammad Khuram Shahzad1 and
Muhammad Jafir3
...of different
combinations of weeds and control group. Total 228 samples were collected and from these
samples 14 different taxons of soil arthropods were reported and from these taxa, mites
showed the highest diversity index. Maximum diversity of soil arthropods was recorded
(H´=2.07) from Trianthema portulacastrum (horse purslane vern. Itsit) + Echinochloa
colona (Jungle rice vern Swanki) and m...
Muhammad Nabeel,Ali Ahsan Bajwa,Sehrish Sadia,Wahaj Nafees,SHAHIDA KHALID
Umm-e-Kalsoom , Siraj ud Din Kakar , Muhammad Azim Khan , Zahid Hussain , Ayub Khan
Majid Ali1*, Naila Chand1, Sarzamin Khan1, Shakoor Ahmad2 and Muhammad Tahir3
Afra Siab1, Saif Ullah Khan1, Anwar Ali1, Nowsherwan Zarif1, Basheer Ahmad1, Salman Ahmad1
...r animals in interacting combinations for a variety of objectives. Historically, farmers often retained trees on their farms to sustain agricultural production, reduce soil erosion, retain water and provide shade, and generate income. The study was conducted in District Bannu. For the comprehensive study of agroforestry both primary and secondary data were obtained. Major portion of secondary data was obtained from Census Report (2017) of district Bannu. Prima...
Ashar Farooq1*, Mohammad Salim2, Muhammad Tahir Khan3, Zahid Rauf1, Ahmed Hussain2 and Muhammad Bilal Zia1
...he experiment. Treatment combinations consisted of three species i.e. Panicum antidotale, Panicum coloratum and Panicum maximum and three clipping stages viz. Pre-boot; full flowering and Seed Ripe stage. Fresh forage yield was determined immediately after clipping. The samples were oven dried to determine dry matter yield and In-Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility. The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for Factorial arrangement. Sig...
Muhammad Afzal, Aqeela Mobeen Akhter and Masood Amjad
...erent concentrations and combinations. It has been researched out that true to type Shisham tube plants can be produced vegetatively through the application of rooting hormones, which are fit for field planting with in a period of 4 months. NAA with a concentration of 100 mg/l among the other rooting hormones proved to be more economical for production of these true to type tube plants. These tube plants showed promising growth in the field with more than 80% ...
A. G. Wilkinson
...stems, and various plant combinations including poplars and willows for riparian management were introduced. To prevent long term degradation by soil erosion, there is a need to develop economic poplar silvipastoral systems on at least one million hectares of New Zealand pastoral lands. New Zealand research effort is refocusing on
obtaining the necessary information to ensure that this is a viable option for farmers....
Jehandar Shah
... is proposed.
Three new combinations are made....
M. I. Shiekh and Sultan Maqsood Khan
...g N, P and K alone or in combinations. The data collected gave encouraging results indicating positive cost benefit ratio. These studies, conducted by Dr. S. M. Khan and his group....
M. I. Shiekh, S. H. Bangash and S. Hasan Abbas
... The effect alone or
in combinations, measured for diameter and height growth
and Foliar nutrient composition was recorded during
1979-82. At Sharda, the analysis of height measurements
recorded in 1981 gave a significant response to NPK
combined treatment whereas over all diameter and height
growth from 1979--82was not affected. Also the diameter
and height measurement recorded at Authmuqam during
1981and 1982 did not show any significant response to
...
M. I. Shiekh and S. H. Bangash
...s alone and in different combinations were tried in these studies. Data on height and diameter of plants were recorded from
1978-82. The results did not reveal any significant differences in plant height and diameter. However, the nutrient uptake by the leaves of treated plants during the first vegetative growth period increased significantly....
Rehana Perveen, Mehmood Akram and Ihsan Ilahi
...lemented with
different combinations of NAA &BAP showed progressive
anatomical changes accompanying differentiation of roots
and shoot buds....
Muhammad Nadeem1, Jamshaid Iqbal2, Muneer Abbas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Tariq Javeed1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Irshad1, Muhammad Aslam1, Gul Rehman2 and Shahar Yar Ahsan1
...ividually and in various combinations for managing thrips (Megalurothrips distalis). A mungbean genotype, 13TM-04, known for its comparative resistance, was chosen for these trials. The treatments, whether applied alone or in various combinations, showed significant differences in efficacy when compared with each other. A combination of treatments viz., imidacloprid seed treatment+ installation of blue sticky traps and chlor...
Muti Ul Hannan1, Wazir Ahmed1, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2*, Muhammad Baqir Hussain1 and Khuram Mubeen1
...t were used in different combinations along with conventionally used fertilizers. Nutrient Results reveal that integrated use of compost and S-N consortia improved yield attributes particularly fruit set percentage, flower to fruit conversion percentage, square boll size and weight, opening of square bolls and seed-cotton yield compared to conventional approach. Compare to farmer practice, foliar K application showed a significant increase in fiber quality par...
Noorullah Khan1, Shahid Ali1, Azher Zeb2, M. Noman1, M. Imran Kasana1, Rashid Iqbal Khan1*, Saima Mumtaz1, Shumaila Rasheed1, M. Muneer3 and M. Qamar-Uz-Zaman1
Aysha Fatima1, Safdar Ali1, Saira Azmat2, Luqman Amrao1, Muhammad Usman Ghani3*, Yasir Iftikhar4, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan4*, Adeel Ahmad5 and Humaira Kalsoom6
...d were used in different combinations i.e., T1 (ZnSO4+CuSO4), T2 (MnSO4+CuSO4), T3 (boric acid+CuSO4) and T4 (ZnSO4+MnSO4+CuSO4+BA). The combination of ZnSO4+MnSO4+CuSO4+BA showed minimum disease severity (5.85%) and disease incidence (23.15%) as compared to control (28.59%). The outcomes of present study would be the way forward for getting rid of irrational use of synthetic chemicals for disease management....
Sher Afgan1, Muhammad Asif2, Iqra Yaqoob3, Muhammad Latif4, Zureesha Sajid2, Kainat Akram3, Ghulam Mujtaba5, Manzoor Hussain6, Muhammad Farooq1, Mourad Ben Said7,8* and Furhan Iqbal3*
...dividually or in various combinations with GATM1 and T1. A significant association of absence of GSTT1 and heterozygous genotype (AG) at rs1695 in GSTP1 was found to be associated with RA in the present study. Subjects whose age varied between 41 and 55 years and women suffered more from RA. It is concluded that polymorphisms in GSTs may disturb the protection provided by them against oxidative stress which may influence disease progression in RA....
Taqwa Safdar, Khalid Abbas*, Muhammad Sarfraz Ahmed, Hina Amjad, Sumra Naz and Jamal Kazam
... tested loci, population combinations showed significant deviation (p<0.05) from HWE. The AMOVA indicated that most of the variation lied within individuals in populations of H. molitrix. Based on Nei’s genetic distance, UPGMA dendrogram was constructed that resulted in two clusters: one cluster consisted of JB and CB while other consisted of GG, GB and TB. The findings of this research will be useful for restoring, conservation and monitoring the nat...
Eman Wahsh1, Tarek M Ibrahim2, Mirna E. ElAwady3*
...(5 or 10mg/kg) and their combinations with caffeine; all treatments were injected intraperitoneal 30 min before testing allowing time for drug absorption. Caffeine treatment could significantly decrease the number of licks and shocks, which reflected an anxiogenic effect. In contrast, treatment with diazepam produced an anxiolytic effect as evident by a significant increase in the number of licks and shocks. The anxiolytic effects of nifedipine and propranolol...
Nguyen Thi Hanh Chi1,2, Ho Xuan Nghiep1,2, Tran Trung Tuan1,2, Nguyen Binh Truong1,2*
...fects of feed supplement combinations with or without urea on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention of goats. The study was conducted in the experimental farm of An Giang University, which is part of Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, from February to May 2024. Four male Saanen crossbred goats aged five months (15.4±3.32 kg) were studied using a Latin Square design (4 × 4) over 21 days/periods. The four treatments ...
