Souvik Ghosh, Nobumichi Kobayashi
British Journal of Virology
...efficacy of existing RVA vaccines, they do not always provide conclusive information on the overall and complex genetic makeup of RVAs, as the remaining 9 RVA gene segments are also susceptible to the forces governing RVA genetic diversity. Whole genomic analysis of RVAs has revolutionized the study of RVA genomics, providing a plethora of conclusive and vital data on the overall genetic diversity, true origin and complex evolutionary patterns of human RVA str...
Hanqin Shen1,3, Boliang Wu1,2, Guangwei Li1, Feng Chen1, Qingbin Luo1,3, Yimin Chen1, Qingmei Xie1,2,3*
...re are three inactivated vaccines of H9N2 AIVs have been used in domestic poultry in China. But H9N2 AIVs occurred frequently and caused severe economic losses to the poultry industries. H9N2 AIVs can evade the pressure of vaccination by genetic evolution and antigen variation. Moreover, the ratio of L226 in the haemagglutin (HA) receptor binding site has increased, which indicates that the H9N2 virus has the increasing potential to infection and cause human e...
Ye Liu2, Yulong Cong2, Yiming Shao1*
...ving immune responses of vaccines. Herein, we review recent developments of HIV Tat as immunoregulator using for optimizing the efficacy of vaccines. By highlighting preclinical/clinical applications of Tat and its working mechanisms, this review exhibits the superior potential of Tat as immunoregulator on optimizing immune responses mediated by vaccines. These examples of selected studies...
James Ayukepi Ayukekbong1,2
E-mail | [email protected]
...re currently no licensed vaccines or specific therapeutics. The virus and its vector are widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics regions of the world. Dengue and malaria are endemic in Nigeria. Two independent studies among febrile patients revealed dengue IgG seroprevalence of 73% and malaria prevalence of 80% in some areas of the country. The diagnosis of the disease is further complicated by the fact that, dengue fever mimics malaria fever ...
Shen Yang1, Guang-Zhi Tong1, 2*
...ment of novel protective vaccines. In this review, we discuss the innate immune responses against HP-PRRSV infection and suggest new areas of investigation into this important interface between pathogen and host....
Huaichang Sun
...otection of conventional vaccines. RNA interference (RNAi) has becoming a feasible strategy against various virus infections. Recently, a significant advance in RNAi technology is the use of artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) to fight virus infections. However, different strategies are needed to prevent virus variation or mutation escape. This review is intended to present the current situation of antiviral roles of amiRNAs, against variable RNA viruses in particu...
Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El-Naggar2, Abdulrahman M. Gamal3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mohamed M. Hamoud4, Sherif T. Moubarak3, Ashraf M. Metwally1, Manal M. Zaki3, Shimaa A.E. Nasr3, Samah Elsaid3, Mohamed M. Ali3, Hussein A. Hussein1 and Osama K. Zahran3
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
...ovements and inactivated vaccines were devised to combat the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAIV) H5N1. HPAIV are highly susceptible to all disinfectants because they are enveloped viruses. Disinfection against avian influenza viruses at the poultry farms would significantly reduce and/or limit the chance for its transmission and outbreaks. Many disinfectants have been evaluated for their inactivation ability, but there is st...
Kang-Seuk Choi
...ative to inactivated IBD vaccines. In addition, VLP technology has many applications. This paper reviews the potential of VLPs as an alternative to IBD vaccines, along with their specific applications in the field....
Yongfeng Li, Mo Zhou, Xiao Wang, Libao Xie, Hua-Ji Qiu*
...g diagnostic methods and vaccines for classical swine fever....
Moustafa Kardjadj1, Pam Dachung Luka2
...equate supply of quality vaccines and the problem of delivery to maintain cold chain, there is need for a very strong regional coordination for effective and sustainable control of PPR in Africa. The African continent is currently divided into 57 countries (or independent territories), many of which rely heavily on livestock for fuel, motor power and sustenance with many also endemic to the disease. PPRV continues to decimate the small ruminant populations acr...
Amitha Reena Gomes1, Belamaranahally Muniveerappa Veeregowda2, Sonnahallipura Munivenkatappa Byregowda1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan3*
...s for the development of vaccines and diagnostics for differentiating infected and vaccinated animals. With the advent of recombinant DNA technology, recombinant protein based vaccines and/or diagnostics are being tested in various heterologous systems across the globe for development of vaccines and/or diagnostic antigens. The recombinant viral proteins, virus like particle based
Erum Bughio1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi*1, Muzamil Memon2, Reema Bughio3, Pervez Ahmed Khoso4, Zafar Ali Khoso1 and Ali Asghar Baloch5
...he efficacy of live IBDV vaccines on broilers. A total of 120 broilers were randomly divided into six groups (20 birds in each) were coded A, B, C, D, E and F; vaccinated with various combinations of IBD through different routes. Results showed that the birds of different groups received different maternal antibodies did not induce any antibodies as recorded in all groups received vaccines at days 1, 9 or 12 exhibited simila...
Uzma Farid Durrani1,*,Sagar Mal Goyal2, Asim Khalid Mahmood1,Cathleen Hanlon3, Susan Moore3, Muhammad Waqas1 and Raheela Akhtar4
...ality inactivated rabies vaccines. Rapid Fluorescence Focus Inhibition Technique (RFFIT) revealed mRVNA titer (>0.5 IU/mL) in 29 puppies while 48 puppies showed mRVNA titer less than minimum protective level (0.2-0.4 IU/mL). RFFIT did not reveal mRVNA in 23 puppies that were declared lacking maternal rabies immunity. One basis of findings of this study it was concluded that puppies population lacking maternal rabies immunity is one of the responsible factor...
John G. Bruno
...lso serve as rickettsial vaccines, if fully developed. The top five highest affinity R. rickettsii and top five R. typhi anti-Fab aptamers as assessed by enzyme-linked aptamer sorbent assay (ELASA) screening were shown to specifically bind their cognate antibodies when captured by their Fc tails on the surface of Protein A-conjugated magnetic beads. While no clear similarities in the partial or complete primary DNA sequences or secondary stem-loop structures o...
Wesam Hasan Mohamed Mady 1*, Bing Liu2, Dong Huang2, A. Arafa1, M.K. Hassan1, M.M. Aly1, Pucheng Chen2, Yongping Jiang2* and Hualan Chen2
...cost-effective influenza vaccines is urgently needed to safeguard poultry and to contain zoonosis. The primary goal of this study was to develop H9 plasmid-based DNA vaccine against the currently circulating AIV subtype H9N2 targeting HA gene of the virus A/Turkey/Egypt/1341V/2013(H9N2). The full length sequence of HA gene was codon optimized to the chicken biased codons and subcloned into the pCAGGS plasmid vector under the control of the chicken β-actin...
Lucas Pedroso Colvero1, Paulo Eduardo Brandão2*, Cesar Alejandro Rodriguez Rosales2, Hanny Swam3 and Laura Yaneth Buitrago Villarreal1
...Inactivated water-in-oil vaccines are widely used to control viral diseases in poultry, however, the interference of physico-chemical properties of the emulsions are overlooked when compared to antigenic properties. This study was designed to assess the effect of two different commercial inactivated water-in-oil multivalent vaccines; vaccine A contains IBV (Massachusetts M41 and D274 strains), NDV (Clone 30), aMPV (BUT 8544)...
Muhammad Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Ismail Khan1, Qadeem Khan2 and Khalid Khan1
... reduces the efficacy of vaccines prepared to a particular clone of HBV isolates.
... 
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool*, Abuzar Muhammad Afzal*, Abu Baker Siddique*, Waseem Akram**, Muhammad Saqalein*, Madiha Basit* and Muhammad Farooq Tahir***
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF VIRO CARE GZ-08 AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN POULTRY AND ITS IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY
...as pre-treatment with ND vaccines as it significantly reduced morbidity and mortality as compared to the use of vaccines alone. However, further work is recommended in future on GZ-08™ for its use as post-treatment of ND as well as on other antiviral compounds of natural origin to develop a novel antiviral drug against NDV in poultry....
Lotta Wahldén1, 3, Ulf Emanuelson1, Torsten Møller2 and Jonas Johansson Wensman1*
...animals, live attenuated vaccines have been suggested to provide protective immunity in the African wild dog; however, their use has been hampered by the fear of vaccine-induced disease. Kolmården Wildlife Park in Sweden has used a live attenuated vaccine without any apparent cases of vaccine-induced disease, but no studies to evaluate immune response after vaccination have been performed. The objective of this study was to gain more knowledge about...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Ikramul Haq1,*, Imdad Ullah Khan3, Naimat Ullah4, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Kashif Hussain1 and Azmat Ullah Khan2
...immunogenicity of toxoid vaccines and bacterin toxoid vaccine were studied and compared initially in rabbits and then in goats and sheep. Experimental trials were conducted on 54 healthy animals of each species and were divided into three equal groups (n=18). The antibody titers were evaluated with indirect haemagglutination test. The results indicated significantly higher (P< 0.05) immune titer in animal group vaccinated with toxoid vaccine prepared from p...
Saira Zaheer1, Abrar Hussain1*, Aqsa Khalil1, Muhammad Mansha1, Muhammad Lateef2
...ous biological controls, vaccines and local medicinal plants are being explored to control the parasitic worms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic potential of two local plants, Albizia lebbeck L. and Camellia sinensis L against H. contortus using Adult Motility Assay (AMA). Crude Ethanolic Extracts (CEE)of dried leaves of A. lebbeck L. and whole plant of C. sinensis L. were prepared by cold ma...
Omer Baris Ince*
... performed with inactive vaccines of suitable serotype and measures are taken in order to reduce the prevalence of the disease. In this study, blood samples were collected from clinically healthy sheep and bovine in the surrounding region of the southeast of Konya province that were classified as non-vaccinated, single-vaccinated, multiple vaccinated, aged 0-1 and 1-3 and male and female starting from the third month following the vaccination. In the study aim...
Ragia S. Mohamed1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mamdouh. M. Hamoud1, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shimaa A.E. Nasr1, Manal M. Zaki1, ElShaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1*
... Newcastle disease virus vaccines can provide various levels of protection against challenge with different NDV genotypes, raising the importance of the relationship between vaccines and field strains. The aim of the current work is to evaluate the effect of moisture percentage and pH on the persistence of velogenic NDV genotype VII in the poultry manure which considers a major threat to the Egyptian poultry industry since 2...
Fady Samir1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Manal M. Zaki1, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shaimaa A. E. Nasr1, El Shaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1*
... homologous/heterologous vaccines especially the live ones. The aim of the current work is to estimate the persistence time for velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of genotype VII in poultry manure in compare to LaSota vaccine strain as a model of genotype II. Velogenic NDV of genotype VII are a major threat to the Egyptian poultry industry since 2011 onwards with continuous evolution and diversity. In the present study, manure from specific pathogen free ...
Yan-Guo Han1,2, Jun-Hua Ye1, Qin-Tao Zhao1, Yong-Jie Huang2, Kai Li2, Yong-Fu Huang2 and Li Xu1,*
...tin 28 (SS-28)DNA vaccines in promoting lactation of rats. Fifteen female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups and were orally vaccinated, respectively SS-14 (Group T1) and SS-28 (Group T2) DNA vaccines fused tPA signal peptide and CpG adjuvant and delivered by attenuated Salmonella choleraesuis at weeks 0, 3 and 6 of the study, and rats in control group (Group C) w...
Rana Waqas Arshad1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Raheela Akhtar1,*
...e commercially available vaccines of infectious bursal disease (IBD). Three experimental groups, each having 100 broiler birds were placed in the same environmentally controlled house. Samples of blood and bursa of Fabricius were collected from slaughtered birds after every 7 days till the end of experiment (35 days). The size of bursas and the bursa/body weight ratios were significantly greater in live vector vaccine group than other vaccinal groups. ELISA re...
Gul Afshan1,2,*, Soumble Zulfiqar2, Sumaira Mehboob2, Muhammad Tahir Javed Khan1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,*
...iv>Currently a number of vaccines are under development against hepatitis C, though an effective hepatitis C vaccine is yet to come. The present study is focused on the development of recombinant vaccine against HCV by utilizing HCV3a envelope glycoprotein E2. HCV3a E2 gene was amplified and cloned first in cloning vector pTG19 and subcloned in expression vector pET21a. E2 protein, expressed in insoluble form, was purified by repeated sonications, follo...
Yan-Guo Han, Yu-Qing Han, Jia-Yuan Wu, Jia Guo, Ri-Su Na, Yan Zeng, Guang-Xin E, Yong-Ju Zhao and Yong-Fu Huang*
...oup (Group C), and these vaccines were given orally into the ewes at weeks 0, 3 and 6 of the research. Blood samples of ewes or offspring lambs were collected at week 6 or 9 of lactation, respectively. Serum SS, prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentrations were detected by radioimmunoassay. The offspring lambs in T group showed significantly lower serum SS and higher PRL concentrations than those in the control g...
Yan-Guo Han, Jia-Yuan Wu, Ri-Su Na, Wei-Jiang Si, Yu-Qin Han, Yan Zeng, Yong-Ju Zhao and Yong-Fu Huang*
...njected KISS1 DNA vaccines on immunocastration and in inhibiting mutton odour of male goats. In this study, 20 male goats aged eight weeks were randomly divided into the oral and plasmid-injected KISS1. DNA vaccine groups (groups T1 and T2) and the empty vector groups (groups C1 and C2) for immunisation. Blood samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 10 and 14 weeks after primary immunisation for the detection of kisspeptin antibodies and testosterone ...
Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Asim Aslam1*, Muhammad Yasin2, Tahir Yaqoob2 and Beenish Zahid3
...>Despite the presence of vaccines, Newcastle disease (ND) and Infectious Bronchitis (IB) outbreaks are not uncommon in endemic countries. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of commercially available vaccines against each virus alone as well as co-infections with NDV and IBV in commercial poultry. For assessment of vaccine efficacy, commercial chickens were vaccinated with La Sota (against ...
Hassan Boulahyaoui1,2*, Sanaa Alaoui Amine1,3, Marouane Melloul4, Farida Hilali5, Elmostafa El-Fahime1,3, Saad Mrani1,2 and Nadia Touil1,5*
...ly contrasted by current vaccines. ...
Rabia Riaz1, Khushi Muhammad1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muhammad Amjad Iqbal2, Aamir Riaz Khan2, Sadia Sarfaraz1, Mudassar Naseer3 and Khalid Majeed1
... Disease Virus) and O-MG vaccines, respectively. Serum samples were collected on 21, 28 and 35 days post vaccination for anti-MG-ELISA antibody titer. Cumulative mean anti-MG-ELISA antibody titer of birds to G-MG, O-MG, G-MG+NDV, O-MG+NDV and control was 80.30, 137.49, 91.59, 169.76 and 0.15 units respectively on 35 days post-vaccination. It is concluded that NDV has insignificant immunomodulatory effect on antibody response of birds to the MG vaccine.<...
Walaa ,S. Shabanaa;Bakr, A. Abdallaa; Eman, M. ELShalamia; I.M. Redab; M. A. Shalabyb
... compares it with single vaccines either FMD or RFV alone.The
mean of antibody titers continued with the protective level till the 32 to 36th week post vaccination,
In single vaccination either FMD or RFV alone while till to 40th WPV in combined FMD/RVF
vaccine.In the final we can conclude that the use of Montanide ISA 50 as an oil adjuvant in prepared
vaccines improve the immu...
RehamM. El-Bakrey1, Shimaa M.G. Mansour2, Mohammed A. El Sisi1 AndAmal A.M. Eid1
...xpressing H5 (rFP-AI-H5) vaccines were measured. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated by percentage of protection from mortality, morbidity and reduction in virus shedding from respiratory and/orintestinal tracts. Despite the H5 antibody responses in vaccinated chickens with program I (rFP-AI-H5" vaccine then Re-5) being significantly lower prior to challenge, it provided good protection (73.3%) against the lethal A/chicken/Egypt/SHAH-1403/2011 (H5N1) AIV chall...
Walaa Abd El-Fatah S. Metwally1, Ismail M. Reda2, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2, Mohamed Abd El-Khalek Ali2
...train H5N1. The prepared vaccines with Montanide ISA70VG varied in the HA units per dose and also differed in the ratios between two reassortant strains (Chicken and duck strains) of AI. The results of testing humoral immunity revealed that the prepared vaccines with Montanide ISA70VG containing 350 HA unit/dose were high in antibody titer than vaccines containing 256 and 100 HA unit/dose....
Afaf. A. Khedr*, Ekram Salama*, A. A. Samy**, Abdella, Y.A.*** and Suzan. K. Tolba***
...inactivated oil adjuvant vaccines against infectious coryza and infectious bronchitis diseases were prepared, one adjuvanted with mineral oil and the other with Montanide ISA-70. Evaluation of both vaccines were done by challenge test, haemagglutination inhibition test, ELISA test for Avibacterium Paragallinarum, and ELISA test, indirect haemagglutination inhibition test and ciliostasis score for infectious Bronchitis virus ...
1Mona A. El-Manzalawy, 2Abeer A. Boseila , 3Hanan M. El Zahed
...y and sterility of these vaccines and compare between them with the local RVF vaccine with Alum gel alone in sheep. This peppermint formulation including Alum gel adjuvant was the best of choice as it induced higher immunological enhancement. In addition, synergistic action was discovered in RVF inactivated PMO vaccine including Alum gel as the immune response detected by serum neutralization test (SNT). This vaccinated group of sheep was the highest while the...
Abd El-Hamid, M.I1; Seham, A. ElZeedy1; El-Sanousi A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1., Abbas, A.M1
...etions. Extensive use of vaccines has not eliminated EHV infections, and the worldwide annual financial burden from these equine pathogens is immense. Clinical signs may occur despite the presence of a virus-specific immune response in the horse. The current study focus on outbreak recorded in El Zahraa Stud for Arabian horses during 2014 and recorded officially for the first time by OIE in Egypt by the notification presented by Chairman, General Organization ...
Amir M. Walaa1 ; Ausama Yousif1; Walid H. Kilany2; Magdy El-Sayed1; Ahmed A. El-Sanousi1
...ined inactivated NDV+IBV vaccines and investigate its ability to protect experimental broiler chickens against challenge with wild ND and IB viruses. Two hundred and eighty commercial one-day-old broiler saso chicks were divided into 8 groups (35 birds each). Groups 2, 3, 4&5 were vaccinated at one-day-old with live hitchner + IB Primer. Then all groups at 7 days old were boosted with inactivated combined NDV+IBV vaccines
Hanan M. El-Zahed, Hanaa A. Mostafa, Nermeen M. El Sayed and Lamiaa M. Omar
...icken anemia virus (CAV) vaccines. One was vaccinated with 26 P4 strain vaccine subcutaneously and the other was vaccinated with Cux strain vaccine through drinking water (DW). Then the inactivated avian influenza (AI) H5N1 vaccine was inoculated intra-muscularly either at the 1st, 2nd or 3rd WPV with CAV vaccine forming three subgroups per each group. It is clearly observed that a relatively high levels of CAV ELISA antibody titers in all the vaccinated chick...
Manar F. Seioudy1, Magda M. Sayed1, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2 and M. A. Shalaby2
...y of four batches of PPR vaccines was tested as per the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) guidelines and Couacy-Hymann et al., 2002 using RT-PCR technique that based on the amplification of fragments of N-protein. All batches are also subjected to sterility tests for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus as possible extraneous virus contaminant using RT-PCR and detection of mycoplasma as possible bacterial contaminant using PCR technique. All of the...
Lamya A. F. Ateya1 , Said. A .Ahmed2, Khamees K.S. Ashraf3, Heba A. Abdel-Hady4
...y local and imported FMD vaccines in cattle sera in Kalubeya Governorate. Methods: 220 serum samples were tested for FMD NSP by 3ABC Trapping ELISA.20 serum samples were used as control (no vaccination),100 serum samples collected from animals received local vaccine and 100 serum samples from animals received imported vaccine. Results: 34/220(15.5%) were +ve and 186/220(84.5%)were –ve for FMD NSP test preinoculation with vaccines...
Ola Youssef 1; EL-Deeb A.H.2 Nassif S.A.1 and Ahmed A. El-Sanousi 2.
...combinant H5
vaccines had been established yet so, these vaccines are evaluated by applying the conventional QC
tests such as identity, safety, purity, potency and efficacy that were not satisfactory in vaccine
evaluation.
Objective: The present study was conducted to standardize a protocol for quality control and
evaluation of the recombinant HVT-H5 vaccine.
...
Manar F. Seioudy1, Magda M. Sayed1, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2 and Mohammed A. Shalaby2
...ods: Four batches of PPR vaccines that produced in Egypt by Veterinary Serum and Vaccines
Research Institute (VSVRI) were collected and tested for identification of PPRV by conventional RTPCR
using two primer sets targeting F-gene and N-gene and real time RT-PCR.
Results: By F-gene based RT-PCR, PPRV could be detected in only 2 samples out of 4samples (50%).
By N-gene based RT-...
Lamiaa M. Omar, Mohamed A. Abdrabo, Dali M. Omar, Nermeen A. Marden
...vaccinated birds with AI vaccines under strictly controlled condition with
virulent HPAI virus may also be used to predict flock response to AI infection. The reduction in
challenge virus replication can be quantified using classical virus isolation (VI) and titration methods
in (ECE) or by molecular assay for detection AI virus specific nucleic acids such as (rRT-PCR).
Methods: Titration of the HPAI virus for in...
Maha M. Khedr1, Reem A. Suliman1, Marwa F. Mohamed1, Mounir D. El Safty1, Hussein A.
Hussein2
Hussein A. Hussein, Maha Khedr, Reem A. Suliman, Marwa F. Mohamed, Mounir D. El
Safty
...luenza virus
vaccines is urgent to reach protective antibody titers and reduce virus shedding.
Methods: Groups of one-day old commercial broiler chicks were divided in to 8 groups 1, 2 and 3 were
vaccinated with a prepared vaccine contain 500HAU of H5N1 reassortant antigen; while group 4, 5 and 6
were vaccinated with an imported reassortant vaccine with 500HAU antigen content of H5N1 at 1, 5 and 10
da...
Nermeen A. Marden1, Lamiaa M. Gaafar1, Hussein A. Hussein2
...uation methods of the AI vaccines are very important
for controlling the license of the bad vaccines. Comparative studies between the invitro and invivo
methods for 8 types of AI vaccines (5 batches for each) to evaluate their efficacies were done.
Methods: The invivo method, was done through the vaccination-challenge pathway of SPF chickens
...
Rana A. Rabiea1, Mohamed Fawzy2, Mohamed H. Khodeir3 and MokhtarM. EL-Tarabili2
...ent
and safe vaccines.
Aim: The present study investigated the effect of simultaneous administration of inactivated AI
vaccine and live attenuated TRT vaccine on the immune response of turkey chickens.
Methods: Four groups of bronzy turkey chickens were used in this study; group-1 received live
attenuated TRT vaccine, group-2 received inactivated AI vaccine, group-3 received TRT and AI
Aml S. El-Saadany1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2 and Hussien A. Hussien2
...assical IBDV
vaccines and demonstrated IBD characteristic lesions.
Objective: In present study the aim was to molecular characterize IBDV field strains detected in flocks
located in 4 governorates. Also, a phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence of the hyper variable
region of VP2 gene was carried out.
Methods: Forty field bursa samples were collected from different localities. IBDV was detected u...
Mohamed F. ElKersh1, Fatma M. Abdalla2, Gamilat K. Farg2, Soad A. Nasef3, Ahmed A. Ali2
... develop the recommended vaccines. Objective: Our study aimed for Molecular Diagnosis of Avian influenza virus (AIV) from Different Avian Species that would be useful to detect the current strains present in Egypt to use it in vaccination program. Methods:In this study, we collected 122 sample representing 12 different area in Egypt and seven different species of poultry produced and traded in Egypt. These samples were isolated on SPF eggs, detected for AIV in...
Mohamed M. Mashaly1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahein1, Hussein A. Hussein2
... current live attenuated vaccines against CaPVs. The virus isolation,
identification, and vaccine or other diagnostic preparations mainly depend on the proper culture used.
Objective: Our aim was to study the growth kinetic of recent LSDV isolate to determine the culture
properties of recent LSDV isolated from skin nodule that could be useful in the attempts to develop
more effective LSDV vaccine and diagnostic p...
Karim M. Selim1, Abdullah A. Selim1, abdelsattar Arafa1, Hussein A. Hussein2, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2
...VII inactivated and live vaccines initiated a high level of antibody
titers that can limit the transmission and virus shedding to the contact birds. These results
may help in controlling the NDV of GVII virulent strain that is commonly circulating in the
field.
...
Theophilus Miebi Gbigbi* and Rodney Akpoviri Isiorhovoja
... chicks, feed, drugs and vaccines, labour, shelter and equipment significantly influenced exotic chicken production. The resource use efficiency result infers that DOCs and drugs and vaccine were under-utilized while feeds, labour and housing and equipment were over-utilized by the farmers. The elasticity of production was 1.08. This is increasing returns to scale. This paper concludes that poultry farmers were inefficient in the application of productive reso...
Mustafa Ozan Atasoy
...fer and efficient vector vaccines, which convey immunogenic genes of interest obtained from vitally important diseases. Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) has long been considered a versatile tool owing to its non-pathogenic characteristic, relatively higher transgenic capacity, and enabling the DIVA strategy. Numerous bivalent and multivalent HVT constructs have been generated by various methods and some of these constructs have been made commercially available so ...
Sameh Abdel-Moez Ahmed Amer1*, Mohamed Abdel-Aziz Kutkat1, Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Baki1, Asmaa Mahmoud Maatouq1, Omnia Mohamed Kutkat2, Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1
... Egypt. The conventional vaccines can no longer provide an adequate protection for birds against ND outbreaks, where expected to be due to genotype mis-matched vaccines to the rapidly evoluted NDV field strains. Herein, the present study investigated the prevalence and the phylography of currently epidemic genotypes of NDV. Out of 550 samples were collected during an active surveillance in 2020 and 2021 from different poultr...
Aly M. Ghetas1*, Dalia M. Sedeek1, Hanaa S. Fedawy1, M.A. Bosila1, Asmaa M. Maatouq1, Hoda M. Mekky1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi1,2, Mohamed M. Amer3
...d evaluation of the used vaccines are required.
Keywords | IBDV, Identification, Phylogenic tree, Native chickens, RT- PCR
...
Safaa M. Barghash1*, Amani A. Hafez2
... pasteurellosis with two vaccines; one is commercial, and the other is a formalin-killed vaccine (prepared from a local strain), and subsequently challenged virulent P. multocida. The differences in the regulation of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL12, IL6, and IL10 cytokine levels expression, were assessed as biomarkers of the clinical phase of infections. Results revealed that T. evansi infection has a significant influence on the performance of rats, and antibo...
Mohamed A. Hussein1, Bahgat A. Abd El-Rehman2, Kareem A. Eldin2, Mohamed Fouad Mansour1*
...e in sheep, The prepared vaccines were sterile, safe, emulsion is stable and validity within acceptable limit 0.02 EDF50/ml up till 15th month with AlP-NPsV and AlHV except Ch-NPsV that was valid up to 16th month. Lymphocyte count increased from the 1st week post-vaccination till the peak at 5th, 4th and 3th months in groups vaccinated with Ch-NPsV, AlP-NPsV and AlHV respectively. Conversely, neutrophil count decreased in vaccinated groups. No change was detec...
Tarek A. Wrshana1, Yousry A. Dowidar1, Bahgat A. El-Fiky2, Ali M. El-Rify1, Walaa A. El-Sayed3, Basem M. Ahmed4*
...p>Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccines are being used for more than 7 decades, the disease is still a major challenge for poultry industry both locally and internationally. ND frequently emerges in highly vaccinated flocks causing high economic losses without specific treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of pluripotent cells with multiple biotechnology applications, including but not limited to tissue genesis, tissue repair, hematopoiesis, and immun...
Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi1 , Sameh Abdel- Moez Ahmed Amer1, Asmaa Mahmoud Matoaq1 , Mohamed Abdel Aziz Kutkat1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel-Alim2
...stle disease virus (NDV) vaccines and programs are heavily applied in poultry farms, but there is no marked protection against NDV genotype VII. So, the need of improved vaccines and vaccination protocols to reduce clinical disease and mortality is necessary. The current study evaluated the efficacy of different NDV vaccines used in poultry flocks in Egypt: live attenuated NDV
Marat Kuibagarov1, Assylbek Zhylkibayev1, Dinara Kamalova1, Anara Ryskeldina1, Nurdina Yerzhanova1, Yerlan Ramankulov1, Alexandr Shevtsov1*, John A Angelos2
.... bovis) and M. bovoculi vaccines to prevent IBK based on recombinant pathogenic factors have been evaluated as alternatives to whole cell vaccines. Pilin is one candidate antigen for M. bovoculi, and is a key pathogenic factor necessary for attachment of M. bovis to the surface of the eye epithelium. To evaluate pilA diversity amongst Kazakh isolates of M. bovoculi, the pilA gene sequence was determined for 35 isolates of M...
Chanathip Thammakarn1*, Sawanya Umphonphison1, Paitoon Kaewhom2, Kanokrat Srikijkasemwat1
...ince two decades of PCV2 vaccines was applied in Thailand. The results proved that high prevalence of PCV2 immunity was established, with the most population had antibody titer fall in low positive, while some of viremic pigs still presented, determined that the routine vaccination programs used in farms can control PCV2 efficiently since continuing vaccination.
Keywords | Antibody, ORF2 gene, PCV2, Prevalence, Thailand
...
Monu Karki, Amit Kumar and Gnanavel Venkatesan*
...vectors, and recombinant vaccines....
Ayesha Bakhtiar1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Abdul Rauf Bhatti3*, Shabir Ahmad2, Naqash Khalid2, Javed Iqbal5, Azra Nadeem4 and Waqas Ahmad1
...justify;">Two commercial vaccines against the Lasota strain of Newcastle disease (ND), the Lasota vaccine-1 and vaccine-2, and two vaccines against the Mukteswar strain of Newcastle disease, the Mukteswar vaccine-1 and vaccine-2, were assessed for their effectiveness and impact on the productivity of broilers. 75 days old broiler chicks overall were divided into five equal groups and given the following labels: A, B, C, D, a...
Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel Alim2
...ntion regimes, including vaccines and vaccination protocol are not adequate against either single or mixed infection infections with IBD and/or ND.
Keywords | Broiler chickens, NDV genotype VII.1.1, IBDV, Immune-stimulants, HI-test, H/L ratio
... 
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Muhammad Sufyan Khan1, Tooba Saeed2, Mohammad Ilyas3 and Hazrat Husaain4
...tional and international vaccines have been introduced and about 80% people have been vaccinated in the country till date. How much these vaccines are effective against COVID-19 disease is a question mark and is important to check its efficiency as it effects varies from person to person. Therefore, it is important to know the effectiveness of vaccines against COVID-19. For this, both medi...
Sar Zamin Khan1*, Muhammad Waqas1 and Sagar M. Goyal2
... availability and use of vaccines but new serotypes have emerged. A regular watch on the disease including virus variation, prevalence, pathogenesis and development of diagnostic tools are important for the formulation of effective prevention and control programs. This review deals with the global prevalence of IBV along with its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control. In summary, we have discovered that measures to combat infectious bronchitis is not fully effe...
Sameh Abdel-Moez Ahmed Amer1*, Aly Mohammed Ghetas1, Asmaa Mahmoud Maatouq1, Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila1, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy2
...c proximity between used vaccines and field viruses can definitely protect against repeated NDV outbreaks. Therefore, the aim of the this work is to prepare a secure, sterile and potent an oil inactivated vaccine from a recent local isolate genotype VII 1.1 “NDV-CH-EGY-GIZA-VVTNRC-2021” and evaluates its efficacy against commercially available NDV genotype II vaccines in broiler chickens. Eighty chickens were hou...
Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Masood Rabbani1*, Sohail Raza1, Ali Raza Awan2, Aleena Kokab1 and Iqra Nazir3
...cance. The two available vaccines of Brucella abortus in Pakistan, RB51, and S19 have many limitations in the light of residual virulence, induction of abortion, diagnostic interference, and human pathogenic potential. In this study, we have developed a Brucella abortus pUC19-K-UP-DN plasmid cassette for the construction of ΔpurD deleted mutant by deleting the purD gene which is responsible for de novo purine synthesis. For this, the pUC19-K-UP-DN plasmi...
Bilal Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Avais1*, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Masood Rabbani2, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Muhammad Awais1, Sohail Ahmad3 and Shahan Azeem2*
...ated polyvalent mastitis vaccines containing bovine origin Staphylococcus aureus (tst), Streptococcus uberis (cpn-60 targeted STUB), and Escherichia coli (aggR) in a rabbit model. Four types of mastitis vaccines viz. formalin-inactivated plain polyvalent mastitis vaccine (FPPV), formalin-inactivated montanide adjuvanted polyvalent mastitis vaccine (FMPV), formalin-inactivated aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted polyvalent mastitis...
Nguyen Thi Thu Hien1, Dong Huu Rin2, Nguyen Xuan Hoa1, Le Viet Tuan Khanh2, Phung Thang Long1*, Dinh Thi Bich Lan1
...antigen to develop novel vaccines and bio-products (e.g., egg yolk antibody) against M. hyopneumoniae.
Keywords | Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine enzootic pneumonia, P36 protein, protein expression, recombinant protein, antigenicity
...
Iko-Ojo Charity Ikwe Agada, James Agbo Ameh, Olatunde H. Olabode and Martha Echioda-Ogbole*
...the potency of available vaccines in Nigeria is hereby recommended.
...
Lessons to Learn from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Advances in mRNA Vaccines Against Viral Diseases
Mahmoud M. Bayoumi
...lized to rapidly develop vaccines against infectious viral pathogens. This technology has the potential to revolutionize vaccine development, offering a more efficient and cost-effective approach that can be tailored to specific viral strains. Moreover, mRNA-based vaccines offer several advantages over conventional or molecular-based vaccine types. The mRNA vaccine only encodes the target viral protein, with no infection haz...
Elamien***, Mohammed; Kotob**, Nahla S.; Elsayed*, Eltayeb A.; Ragab, Yasser M. and Mourad, Fathia E.
Elkalamawyl, I.M.; Elhddadl, S.; Swelim2, M.A.; Hamdy2, S.M. and Fahmy3, Hanan A.•
... will require new drugs, vaccines, and treatment strategies, will become the next major challenge on the path to eventual elimination of HBV infection. Keywords: HBsAg, PCR, Sequencing, Phylogenetic....
Yousifl ,3 , Ausama A. and Al-Naeem , Abdelmohsen A.
... a review of some of the vaccines used to control CMLV....
Abd El-Razakl, A.G. and AboElkhair2, M.
...es and effect of the two vaccines on immune response to Newcastle disease and avian influenza vaccines. It was also verified by an experimental very virulent IBD challenge performed at the age of 2e day in birds transferred from the farms with appropriate control groups in a laboratory. The immune response on farm A showing higher serological titer at the age of 35 day via ELISA test. Both two vaccin...
Hussein, HA; sultan, HA. Al Deeb AH and AA. El-Sanousi
...H5N1 and 6 types Of H5N2 vaccines. In the present study, 9922 serum samples were collected from vaccinated chickens including some broiler breeders and commercial layers from the period Of December 2006 to February 2008 and tested for the immune response to the multiple vaccination with different H5Nl and H5N2 avian influenza vaccines (Reassortant H5N1 and 6 types of H5N2 vaccines) by hema...
Sonia, A.M.; El. Sanousi, A.A.; Saber, M.M.; Daoud, A.M.; Samira, E.K.; and Ismail I.
...ontanide IMS 3015. These vaccines were compared with Al (OH) 3 gel vaccine and tested in calves. The obtained results revealed that the duration of immunity elicited by gel FMD vaccine was shorter than oil adjuvanted FMD vaccines. Results also indicated that vaccine emulsified with Montanide IMS 3015 could elicit the best protection capability with long lasting immune response (up to 42 week) in calves, if compared with othe...
Laila,A. Sedeek; Fatma,S. Mohamed and Manal Abo El-Yazyed
...alent FMD (type A and O) vaccines. The study included four groups of local breed goats, where the first received modified live PPR virus vaccine; the second received inactivated bivalent FMD virus vaccine; and the third group received simultaneous vaccination with PPR and FMD vaccines. A separate group was left non-vaccinated and served as control. All animals remained clinically normal throughout the whole experiment period...
Afaf, A. Khedr*; Hyam Farouk* and Taradi, A.Said. **
...g effect between the two vaccines on the immune response of vaccinated animals and the results showed that no significance differences in antibodies titer in all sheep groups which vaccinated either with Rev-I and attenuated RVF alone or simultaneously....
A. A. El-Kholy1, S. Vilcek2 and A. M. Daoud1
...nd thus to improve local vaccines and diagnostic assays for effective control policies....
H.A. SULTANl, H.A. HUSSEIN2, and F.F. EL-KHAYAT3
...ocks with classical IBDV vaccines. Regardless of the antigenic differences detected by AC-EI.ISA and pathogenicity test in the representative isolates, they share antigenic sites with other serotype-1 IBDV strains. as they cross-reacted in AC-ELISA and AGPT. Although, the epidemiological investigation and antigenic typing by AC-CLISA test as well as pathogenicity study suggested that IBD field isolates are in the majority of highly virulent pathotype producing...
Sijie Jian1,2,3,4, Wei Sun1,3, Jia Chao1,2, Na Rong1,4, Xiang Liu1,2,3,4* and Chen Chen1,2,3,4*
...ial applications in fish vaccines. Slp bioinformatics analysis showed that anti-Slp serum might provide cross-protection to resist bacterial infection in fish. Slp was obtained by molecular cloning, expression and purification, and the expression conditions were optimized. In mice immunized with Slp, the immune-related factors of LZM and AKP were enhanced (p < 0.05), and a specific antiserum titer (1: 3200) was obtained that had immune recognition effects f...
Kashif Abdaal, Aneeza Batool, Muhammad Tariq Navid*, Saeed Ahmed, Asma Saleem Qazi, Waseem Safdar, Haidar Ali, Mobeen Ur Rashid, Somia Rafaqat
... Yet ongoing research on vaccines is crucial for addressing persistent infections including the challenging ones like malaria and tuberculosis and exploring their potential applications in non-infectious conditions like Alzheimer’s. Traditional vaccines such as: live attenuated and inactivated have long been treated as effective against infectious diseases. However, recent advancements in vaccine development strategies...
Muhammad Wasif Gulzar*, Riffat Maqsood, Muhammad Zain, Muhammad Suleman, Tayyab Ur Rehman, Sana Asif, Abdul Wadood and Jawad Hussain
...ns with DNA, recombinant vaccines, and live, attenuated, or inactivated viruses can be administered. This study provides comprehensive information on immunization, treatment techniques, pathophysiology, epidemiology, transmission, and relevant preventive and control measures....
Abdel Satar Arafa
...ransmission. Inactivated vaccines are the most common vaccines used to control H9N2 viruses, however they have a wide antigenic variability in different lineages.
...
Saira Jabeen1, Muhammad Avais1*, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2, Aftab Ahmad Anjum3
...d evaluation of mastitis vaccines prepared by using local E. coli isolate, bearing the aggR gene, derived from mastitis cases in dairy cows. Prior to embarking on vaccine preparation, the immunogenicity of this E. coli (aggR) strain was determined across various concentrations in a cohort of 20 locally bred rabbits. For preparation of vaccines, the antigen concentration was adjusted to 10^10 cells/mL, a level determined to t...
Aya A. Saber1, Mohamed Fawzy2*, MokhtarM. EL-Tarabili2, Eman K. El Sayed2
...on of safe and effective vaccines capable of successfully preventing and controlling these disastrous diseases. The current study explored the effect of simultaneous vaccination of cattle with BEF and RVF vaccines on the calves’ humeral immune response. Four groups of BEF and RVF seronegative calves were used in this study; group 1 received inactivated BEF vaccine, group-2 received inactivated RVF vaccine, group-3 rece...
Quart ul Ain1, Arfan Ahmad1*, Aftab Ahmad Anjum1 and Mamoona Chaudhry2
... of avian influenza (H9) vaccines in broiler chickens. This study was undertaken to evaluate the comparative efficacy of commercial and self-prepared AIV H9 vaccines for their potential to stop or reduce viral shedding post challenge infection (PCI) and to develop humoral immunity. A total of 5 groups A, B, C, D and E comprising of 20 broiler birds each were made. Groups A, B and C were vaccinated on 6th day of age with impo...
Sundus Oun Ali Al-Zaini1, Mohanad A. Al-Bayati3*, Khazaal Abbas Khazaal2, Salma Talib Salih1
...aims to develop two oral vaccines for immunization against Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) and Aeromonas hydrophila antigen in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, using formalin-inactivated versions of both virus and bacteria (mean body weight of 108.2±1.2g). Vaccines that have been prepared and loaded into Nano liposome blank that have been formulated according to the thin film method (Bangham). The experimental was designed into fo...
Maysaa A. Jumaah*, Ali A. Al-Iedani
...ts demonstrated that all vaccines have induced both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the adjuvant with alum hydroxide mixed with sonicated antigens and killed bacteria induced higher pro-inflammatory cytokine effects (IFN- γ P ˂ 0.05, P <0.0 1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 P ˂ 0.0001, P ˂ 0.001), respectively. Interestingly, all immunized groups switched immune responses toward Th2 and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines to pr...
Ibrahim Ali1,2, Hanan Mohamed Fathy Abdien1*, Wael Kamel Elfeil1, Mohsen Mohamed Zaky ElDemerdash1, Mohamed Ali Zain El-Abideen2,3, Walid Hamdy Kilany2,3
Yingying Wang1, Sufen Zhao2* and Qunxiu Liu3*
...diseases with commercial vaccines for birds, but their immune status and the immune effect are not very clear. In order to determine the protective effect of the current AI (H9 subtype) and ND vaccines on wild birds in Shanghai Zoo and to explore a more reasonable and effective immunization scheme, the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was used to detect antibodies in some rare wild birds in the zoo six months after vacc...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and Amal M. Abd El-Raof2
...types of live attenuated vaccines used in Egypt. In all, 42 of the 145 cows displayed characteristic LSD clinical signs in form of spontaneous eruption of many intradermal nodules varied in size and numbers. Conventional PCR was employed for LSDV confirmation as LSDV DNA was identified in 11 out of 12 (91.6%) samples [6/6 (100%) skin nodule biopsies and 5/6 (83.3%) nasal swabs] using EEV Glycoprotein gene. The nucleotide sequences of the EEV Glycoprotein gene ...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and Amal M. Abd El-Raof2
...types of live attenuated vaccines used in Egypt. In all, 42 of the 145 cows displayed characteristic LSD clinical signs in form of spontaneous eruption of many intradermal nodules varied in size and numbers. Conventional PCR was employed for LSDV confirmation as LSDV DNA was identified in 11 out of 12 (91.6%) samples [6/6 (100%) skin nodule biopsies and 5/6 (83.3%) nasal swabs] using EEV Glycoprotein gene. The nucleotide sequences of the EEV Glycoprotein gene ...
Mostafa R. Zaher1,2*, Amir A. Shehata1, Azza M. El Amir2, Naglaa M. Hagag1, Reham H. Tammam3**
...ity.Various types of FMD vaccines have been discussed, including inactivated, attenuated, virus-like particles, peptide, and nucleotide-based vaccines, highlighting their properties, drawbacks, and recent advancements. Besides, the use of adjuvants and delivery systems to boost vaccine performance was also reviewed. Furthermore, we explore state-of-the-art methodologies such as exosome-based vaccines...
Yasser Asaad Hameed Al-Shareef, Firas Hussain Kadim Abawi*
...by the currently applied vaccines, warranting future monitoring to better device control strategies in poultry. ...
Diaa El-Boraey1, Mousa A. Ayoub1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Said Ibrahim Fathalla3, Ibrahim Said Abu-alya3, Mohamed Abaza4, Ahmed R. Gado5, Mobarez A.A.6, Nehal K. Alm Eldin6
...tibiotics or inactivated vaccines. As a result, it observes a lot of Egyptian chicken farmers started mixing antibiotics with inactivated vaccines then administrating as one shot. Therefore, this study conducted to examine the impact of some antibiotics: amikacin and gentamicin on their effectiveness of an inactivated oil in water adjuvant avian influenza vaccine (H9) in broiler chickens. Four groups of chickens were establi...
Eslam Arafa1,2, Hanan M.F. Abdien1*, Mohamed Ali Zain El-Abideen3, Emad Diab2,4, Mahmoud Assad2,5, Mohamed Tarek3, Mohsen M.Z. El-Dimerdash1, Wael K. Elfeil1
...conferred by traditional vaccines. Consequently, our study focused on identifying and characterizing the circulating ARV strain among various broiler flocks in Egypt. Out of 73 suspected reovirus examined samples, 23% tested positive for reovirus PCR at a fragment of 1088 base pairs using primers P1 and P4. These samples were collected from broiler flocks that originated from vaccinated breeders and were experiencing dwarfism, viral arthritis, and abnormal fea...
Khalid Nabieh1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Ahmed Ali1, Ali Zanaty3, Magdy F. Elkady1
...ing the effectiveness of vaccines.
Keywords: Phylogenetic analysis, Strains, Infectious bursal disease, VP1, VP2, Chicken
...
Jaafar Haider Abd Alrudah1, Nada Fadhil Abbas2*, Farah Ali Hadi1, Haider Tuma Kaab3
...ranted to use a purified vaccines to demonstrate the immune induction potentials in pigeons. ...
