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Sajid Ali1, Nouman Badar1, Hina Fatima2

E-mail | sajid_economist@yahoo.com

...d yield of two main cash crops namely sug- arcane and cotton crops of Pakistan by using Auto Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) and Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models of forecasting. Using data for 1948 to 2012, productions and yields of both crops were forecasted for 18 years starting from 2013 to 2030. ARMA (1, 4), ARMA (1, 1) and ARMA (0, 1) were found appropriate fo...

Muhammad Shah Zaman1, Ghulam Muhammad Ali2, Aish Muhammad1, Khalid Farooq2, Iqbal Hussain1*

...uctivity of agricultural crops in arid and semiarid regions. In vitro screening of eight potato varieties (Asterix, Cardinal, Challenger, Desiree, Hermis, Kroda, Sh-5 and Sante) was investigated for salt tolerance at 0.0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mM NaCl supplemented with MS medium. Kroda emerged as the most salt tolerant variety with the highest plant height (6.5 cm), number of nodes (8.8), fresh shoot weight plant-1 (0.166 g), number of roots (4.6) and root ...

Rabnawaz1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Tahir Sarwar2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3

... compare the CWP of main crops (wheat, sugarcane, maize and tomato) under public and civil canal irrigation systems in Peshawar Valley. For this purpose, 18 farms were selected under public canal system and 13 under civil canal systems. Results revealed that average CWP of wheat, maize, sugarcane and tomato was 0.96, 1.11, 3.31, 3.61 kg m-3 under public and 0.90, 0.77, 2.36, 2.98 kg m-3, under civil system, respectively. In public canal sys...

Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde1*, Kayode Ayinde2, Tofunmi Emmanuel Ilori1, Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde1

E-mail | opeyemi@unilorin.edu.ng

...e prices of major staple crops. The study recommended painstaking formulation and implementation of agricultural policies and re-structuring of agricultural of input scheme.

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Tauseef Taj Kiani1*, Mozammil Hussain1 and Hidayat ur Rahman2

 

... maize than other cereal crops. Exploitation of this phenom- enon of superior performance of F1 progeny over their parents not only trans gured maize breeding schemes but also constituted the foundation of maize seed industry. Evaluation of per se performance of parental lines and estimation of heterosis and inbreeding depression are prerequisites to start hybrid development program. In this context, we explored heterosis and inbreeding depression in indigenou...

Mushtaq Ahmad1*, Habib Akbar1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Muhammad Jamal Khan Khattak2 and Abdul Bari3

Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Mohammad Tariq Jan2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3 and Abdul Bari4

Khalid Ali1*, Amanullah Jan2

...ration of green manuring crops along with the inorganic fertilizers in the prevailing cropping system may increase crop productivity and net profitability through improving soil physico-chemical properties and fertility. Two years field experiments were conducted at the Agriculture Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar- Pakistan (semiarid conditions) to investigate the effect of two green manuring crop species (guar and millet), their incorporation age (40, 70 a...

Shahida Bibi* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan

...ss in maize and mungbean crops were significantly affected by both the main-plot and sub-plot treatments. Similarly, number of seeds pod-1, thousand grains weight, grain and biological yield of mungbean were also found significant. In main plots, weed density m-2 (16.47) and fresh weed biomass (529.8) were lower in herbicide treated plots in mungbean crop. Number of seeds pod-1 (10.85), thousand grains weight (30.15g), grain yi...

Nazish Huma Khan*, Mohammad Nafees and Adila Bashir

...tals respectively. Wheat crops from both fields (orchard and non-orchard) were collected and analyzed with aqua-regia for heavy metals contents. Results showed that the average concentrations of metals in soils of orchard and non-orchard fields were as chromium (Cr) 56.9 and 52.2 mg kg-1, Ni 29.8 and 27.9 mg kg-1 and Cd 2.46 and 1.11 mg kg-1, respectively. The risk contribution from Cd, Cr and Ni were significant in crop seeds ...

Mukhtarullah1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal1*

...is among the staple food crops in the world. In Pakistan, it is planted on a significant cropped area (Ca. 38%) every year. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), wheat is also a popular crop in the cropping system, however, average yield differs by 100% from the national average yield due to rainfed planting (67%). Sowing of wheat in the area starts in October subject to onset of winter rains which delays its planting in the season. This study aims to compare yield perf...

 Umed Ali Laghari, Ahmed Naqi Shah, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro, Zia-ul-Hassan, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro and Khalid Hussain Talpur

...ut the K requirements of crops in Pakistan, especially grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.). We evaluated K requirements of five elite grass pea genotypes in a field experiment. The experiment was organized in factorial block design with three replications. The study involved five commonly grown grass pea genotypes (Sel-B 111, Sel-449, Sel-190, Sel-1785 and Sel-945) and three K doses (0, 10 and 20 kg K ha-1). The results revealed that K nutrition and genotypic vari...

Muhammad Khurshid, Muhammad Nafees, Inam-ur-Rahim and Wajid Rashid

...e late 1980’s cash crops cultivation extended from 2880 m asl (above sea level)to 3500 m asl over 1887 ha of pastureland in Buhrawai. This rapid growth of cash crops cultivation has reduced the available grazing land by 23% in Buhrawai. The over expansion of cultivation in herding venues affected the livestock grazing pattern in term of rotational grazing and open mobility within the pastures. This led to decrease herd...

Muhammad Aslam

...s and gaps of five major crops; wheat, cotton, rice, maize and sugarcane. The review discusses major constraints, identifies future prospects and makes policy recommendations for enhanced agricultural productivity in Pakistan. The review revealed that in Pakistan, on average current yield of wheat, cotton, rice, maize and sugarcane is 2.26, 1.87, 2.88, 1.77 and 48.06 tons per hectare, respectively against 6.80, 4.30, 5.20, 9.20 and 300 tons per hectare potenti...

Ghani Akbar, Muhammad Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Asif, Iqbal Hassan, Qurban Hussain3 and Greg Hamilton

...er productivity of major crops. Addressing these issues, a long term experiment (2000 to 2009) under wheat-maize (9 seasons each) cropping pattern was conducted on raised beds (with furrow spacing of 65 cm (Narrow Bed-NB), 130 cm (Medium Bed- MB) and 180 cm (Wide Bed-WB)), with controlled traffic regime emplaced, in comparison with traditional intensive cultivated flat basin (FB) for evaluating impacts on soil, crop and water productivity. The results showed r...

Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Muhammad Shahid2

...nsect pests of different crops. This predator has also been reported from different localities of Pakistan. The main objective of this study was to screen out locally used pesticides i.e., pyriproxyfen, acetamiprid, chlorfenapyr, diafenthiuron and thiacloprid against N. barkeri in order to find its compatibility with some pesticides. Leaf disc arenas were used and leaf dip bioassay was conducted. Pesticides were tested for their compatibility with N. barkeri a...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

... and radish, among other crops. It is a cyst-forming nematode that affects plant growth and yield. We report on studies aimed to evaluate the effects of five nematophagous fungi on the population dynamics of this pest in sugar beets in laboratory and greenhouse trials. The fungi chosen were Arthrobotrys oligospora, Dactylella oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, and Lecanicillium muscarium. In the laboratory experiment, S. rugosoannula...

Qamar Ali, Muhammad Ashfaq and Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan

...source use efficiency of crops. Present study explored the resource use efficiency and return to scale in off-season cucumber production in Punjab, Pakistan. Primary data were collected from 70 off-season cucumber growers by using simple random sampling. Cobb-Douglas was good on the basis of R2 (0.748) and f-statistics (17.505). Production elasticity was positive for education, polythene sheet, fertilizers, chemical, irrigation and labour days. Under utilizati...

Nusrat Habib, Safeena Inam and Abdul Hayee Qureshi

...re profit from competing crops indicating that the 1 percent increase in these parameters will decrease the probability to adopt sunflower. Whereas supporting parameters were highest educations level in the family, total operational holding, last year yield of sunflower, access to extension services and share of non-agricultural income. By increasing 1 percent in these parameters will increase the probability for adoption of sunflower. Keeping in view the impo...

Hina Fatima, Lal Almas and Bushra Yasmin

...cultivating cotton-melon crops in combination under tunnels. The study area was Punjab, Pakistan. The stochastic cost frontier analysis was used to estimate the allocative efficiency of cotton-melon cropping systems efficiency. The result illustrates that none of the farmers to be optimally using their inputs. The average allocative efficiency was around 75%. Approximately 36 percent of farms allocative efficiency varies from 0.20 to 0.60. Around 60% of farms ...

Zamarud Shah, Safdar Hussain Shah, Asad Jan and Gul Shad Ali

...ering thermotolerance in crops.  

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S. Bushra1,*, M. Tariq1, M. Naeem1, M. Ashfaq1, I. Bodlah1 and M. Ali2
...the major pests of plant crops in temperate areas of the world. They are monophagous as well as polyphagous and damage wheat, oilseeds, vegetables and fruit crops. This study was carried out to observe the effect of plant extracts and semiochemicals on physiology and performance of endoparasitoid of aphids, Diaeretiella rapae. Seven different treatments of semiochemicals and plant extract were applied on aphid pests, ...
Sumra Ashraf1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2,Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan3, Muhammad Tahir1, Sehrish Rasool1, Maryam Anwar1 and Fiaz Hussain1
...g different agricultural crops of economic importance.
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Waqar Islam*1, 2, Madiha Zaynab3, Muhammad Qasim2 and Zujian Wu1,2
...r economically important crops through molecular breeding techniques via utilizing advanced molecular markers involving cis and trans genetics. The review adhere recent research findings regarding disease resistance against viral diseases and concludes via shedding light upon the future prospects in this exciting field of research.
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Zafar Iqbal1* and Muhammad Khurshid2 
...any economical important crops in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This is the first report of the use of heterologous polyclonal antibodies (PAbs), raised against a geographically distinct begomovirus, ToLCNDV. The described results have shown to exhibit a many fold increase detection sensitivity and reproducibility hence, can be adopted for routine detection of ToLCNDV from plant extracts.
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Hui Zhang2, Yajing Wang2, Kun Li2, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Rui Gui2, Yanfang Lan2 and Houqiang Luo1,2
...ction was confirmed by necropsy, histopathological examinations and PCR analysis. The results showed, 20 chickens as positive for ALV-A (2.73%, 95% CI 1.7-4.2) and these chickens were found to be positive for ALV-A with the further distribution of 2.91% (95% CI 1.0-6.7), 3.70% (95% CI 1.5-7.5), 2.48% (95% CI 0.5-7.1), 3.13% (95% CI 0.6-8.9) and 1.30% (95% CI 0.2-4.6) in Anhui province of Huaibei, Suzhou, Bozhou, Bengbu and Fuyang, respectively. The present sur...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...source of producing food crops including dairy, fruit cultivation, poultry, bee keeping and edible and non-edible like forestry products etc. An Agriculture Extension Officer (AEO) plays the role of a hub in agricultural development and covers all the areas of Agriculture. The present study was carried out in all the 24 districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to investigate the agricultural mechanization competencies of AEOs. Sum total of 111 AEOs were contacted for d...

Waqar Islam

...o economically important crops are reportedly increasing every day particularly in the countries embedding tropical and subtropical conditions. Integrated management approaches involving utilization of virus resistant crops and efficient management of insect vectors can reduce this disastrous problem. However, in developing countries such strategies are rarely applied due to lack of farmer’s knowledge about plant virus...
Muhammad Tahirand Memoona Shehzadi*
...one of the major oilseed crops grown worldwide for the production of edible oils. In order to increase the oil production there is dire need to grow more sunflower by using the economical and environment friendly techniques. Present study was proposed to evaluate theresponse of spring and autumn sunflower to chemical and bio-fertilizers for yield and quality traits during 2014 at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The treatments comprised on the ...

Muhammad Khurshid1,2*, Muhammad Nafees1, Mehmet Somuncu2

...r, the growing trends of crops cultivation in the high mountains of HKH region have largely transformed this subsistence livestock production in to commercial agricultural system and shaped an uncertain environment that is not suitable for both landless nomadic pastoralism and ecological sustainability. This study reflects that how this agriculture encroachment may have contributed to the pastoral resources degradation and subsequent landless pastoralist&rsquo...

Usman Shakoor1*, Mudassar Rashid1, Abdul Saboor2, Nabila Khurshid1, Zuhair Husnain2 and Abdul Rehman2

...ides other living being, crops are either benefited or adversely affected by these changes in the climate of an area. Maize is one of the widely grown crops in the world and even in Pakistan has also influenced in either way. Current study employed vector auto regression models (VAR) along with times series data from 1980 to 2013 for Pakistan to estimate the potential effects of climate change on Maize production. Result pro...

Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2, Waseem Akbar Qazi2, Noor Abid Saeed3

... during 2015 on cucurbit crops in district Hyderabad. The studies were carried out at two discrete localities, Jeay Shah and Dehli Farm, in three different crops i.e., bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) and ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) using cue-lure baited traps. The male lure baited traps were arrayed at three meter height and replenished on fortnightly basis in experimentation sites. ...

Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty

Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...ltural and horticultural crops (like tomato, chillies, cotton, pulses, papaya, cucurbits, okra etc.) causing enormous losses in the tropics, which provide ideal conditions for the perpetuation of viruses and the insect-vector. Despite concerted efforts to contain begomoviruses and their vectors, menacing disease epidemics caused by newly emerging or reemerging begomoviruses are becoming frequent and appearing even in new regions, previously free from such dise...

Neerja Agrawal, Mukesh Srivastava, Akhilesh Tripathi and Amrendra Singh

Survey and monitoring of pests, parasites and predators of pulse crops in central and eastern Uttar Pradesh
...ea, pigeonpea and lentil crops in different districts of Uttar Pradesh.Atotal of 22 districts were surveyed to record gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera, Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua, plant hopper of Pentatomorpha group, termite Odontotermes spp, and cut worm Agrotis ipsilon in chickpea whereas Campoletis chlorlidae was recorded as natural enemy feeding on H. armigera larvae. In pigeonpea crop, mainly H. armigera, leaf webber Grapholita (Cydia)...

B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran

Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management
...moting growth of certain crops. There are two major methods of inoculum production of Trichoderma spp. viz., solid state fermentation and liquid state fermentation. In solid fermentation, the fungus is grown on various cereal grains, agricultural wastes and byproducts. The solid state production is highly labour intensive and fit for cottage industry. These products are used mainly for direct soil application in nurseries/main fields to suppress the soil-borne...

1S. A. Khan and 2S. Jha

Effect of dates of sowing, moisture regimes, varieties and weather factors on incidences of aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) in rape and mustard
...rigated rape and mustard crops, and work out relationships between aphid population and weather parameters for its forewarning. Results revealed that initial incidence times of aphid varied from 19 November to 3 December, depending upon dates of sowing done during 1 October to 5 November, which fall under recommended dates of sowing. In crops sown during 22 October to 5 November, critical periods of aphid infestation (having...

1Bikash Ranjan Ray and 2Mrinal Kanti Dasgupta

Management of root holoparasite Aeginetia pedunculata of (Orobanchaceae), causing wilt of sugarcane by trap and catch crops
...chedule of the parasite, crops, other than sugarcane, grown in the target area were evaluated for their potential as trap and catch crops of the parasite. Twelve crops, selected on the basis of germination induction test of A. pedunculata seeds on root exudates as compared to that of three germination inducing chemicals (viz.; NaOCl, TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) and GR24-a st...

A. K. Chaubey and Satyandra Kumar

Bio-management of root knot nematode and root rot disease by antagonistic fungi and rhizobacteria
...rhizosphere of vegetable crops was studied for suppression of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on tomato in laboratory and pot culture experiment. All the isolates were isolated by serial dilution and cultured in liquid protein supplemented broth medium and culture filtrates (CF) were prepared. In in-vitro test single eggmasses of uniform size were kept in 5ml CF in 5cm diameter Petri plates. Anti...

K.N. Ahmed and M.R. Hasan

Sudden outbreak of mealy bug and armoured scale causing severe damage to economic crops in Bangladesh
...k of different vegetable crops viz., eggplant, lady's finger, papaya, basil etc. by citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) has been noticed in Bangladesh. It is mainly a pest of citrus and coffee crops but now it has become polyphagous in nature. Based on laboratory studies on immature and mature fruits of lady's finger; the total period of all four nymphal stages lasted for 32.6 ± 4.17...

S. Subharani, S. S. Thorat, N. Abem, L. Amit Kumar and T. K. Singh 

A database on parasitoid of insect pests of crops in Manipur, India
...toids on insect pests of crops in different localities of Manipur was developed by using MS-Access. The database is for academic purpose and it includes the taxonomic details of the parasitoid, host insect, host plant, morphological characters, geographical distribution, period of activity, parasitoid behavior and its biology etc. Image of the parasitoid species are also provided for helping in easy identification of the species. Keywords: Database, insect-pes...

Amitava Konar, Palash Mondal and N. Johnson Singh

Occurrence of potato pests in different dates of planting in Gangetic plains of West Bengal, India
...It was observed that the crops of first planting (at 3rd week of November) harboured less pest infestation. However, the whitefly infestation was found lower in second and third plantings (at 4th week of November and 1st week of December). The infestation of soil pests such as molecricket, cutworm and potato tuber moth were found minimum in crops of 1st date of sowing resulted in producing highest number of healthy tubers. T...

K.N. Ahmed , M.A. Al-Helal, N-E-P. Khanom, S. Bulbul

Control strategies of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink infesting vegetable crops in Bangladesh
...icultural, horticultural crops, ornamental plants and weeds of economic value. The papaya mealybug feeds on the sap of the plants by inserting its stylets into the epidermis of the leaf as well as into the fruit and stem. In doing so, it injects a toxic substance into the leaves. The result is chlorosis, plant stunting, leaf deformation, early dropping of the leaves and fruits, a heavy accumulation of honeydew and death of the host plants. Heavy infestation is...

Md Riton Choudhury, Koushik Brahmachari, Sudeshna Kar and Rupayan Deb

Integration of weed management practices in rice-potato-groundnut cropping sequence
...ng etc.) on the yield of crops in sequence and cost effectiveness of different weed control measures. Rice exhibited the maximum yield when treated with two hand weedings, but it may be profitably replaced by the application of herbicides. From the point of eco-safety measures and economy, combination of hand weeding and mulching can be judiciously recommended in potato and groundnut.


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M. A. Al-Helal, K. N. Ahmed, N-E-P. Khanom, and S. Bulbul 

Observations on papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) damag-ing some crops in Bangladesh
...ense damage to the field crops, vegetables and ornamental plants of economic importance in Bangladesh perspectives.
 

 

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A.A. Oyerinde, P.Z. Chuwang, P.Z. and G.T. Oyerinde

Evaluation of the effects of climate change on increased in-cidence of cowpea pests in Nigeria
... population on essential crops. This study was conducted during the 2010 and 2011 cropping season at the University of Abuja Teaching and Research Farm (Nigeria) in order to determine the impacts of climate change on the population of insects associated with cowpea production in the region. The result showed an increase in the number of taxa encountered on the cowpea field from 21 to 31 orders of insect in the 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons, respectively. Also...

Anjan Bhattacharyya, Suhrid Ranjan Barik & Pritam Ganguly

New pesticide molecules, formulation technology and uses: Present status and future challenges
...o give protection to the crops along with safety to the natural enemies of different pests as a whole safety to environment.
 

 

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Shyam Singh and L.P. Awasthi

Plant products for the management of yellow mosaic disease of mungbean and urdbean
...oth mungbean and urdbean crops.
 

 

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V. N. Jalgaonkar, M. S. Gawankar, V. W. Bendale and P. D. Patil

Efficacy of some insecticides against cashew tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii Sign
...lso one of the important crops of Konkan region of Maharashtra State. Nearly 60 different pests have been reported on cashew. Among them the Tea Mosquito Bug, Helopeltis antonii Sign. is the most serious one, which is responsible for considerable yield losses in cashew. A field trial was conducted during 2005 at Cashew Research Farm, Regional Fruit Research station, Vengurle, Dist. Sindhudurg, (M.S.) with an objective to identify an alternative insecticide for...

S. Pal and I. Sarkar

Pests infesting ornamental plants in hilly region of West Bengal
Freeha John, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem and Muhammad Hamed 
...e time of aphid invasion crops were at different growth stages such as 1st node (crop 1), at stem elongation (crop 2) and at end of tiller (crop 3). Maximum aphid infestation was recorded in all crops in the 3rd week of February when crops were at booting stage (crop 1), at flag leaf stage (crop 2) and at 2nd node stage (crop 3). Decline of aphid population...
Azhar Abbas Khan1,*, Arif Muhammad Khan2 and Muhammad Afzal3
...ultural plants and field crops were used singly or in combination with prey as a host. An increased numbers of C. septempunctata was observed when host plants were added with aphids. But was no significant difference in most of the combinations except wheat with aphids (3.8889±0.4554). The fresh leaves of rose, citrus, brassica and wheat (1.2±0.2006, 1.3556±0.1416, 1.5778±0.1829, 2.1444±0.2027, respectively) attracted ...

Khurram Shahzad and Mohammad Akmal*

...f N is beneficial to the crops in terms to avoid N-mobility in the soil and improve its use efficiency for crops. This study, therefore, aimed to identify split applicarion of N rates and timings for wheat performance in recent weather condiction. Experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar in 2015-16 in a randomized complete block (RCBD) design with four replications. Seedbed w...

Dilshad Ahmad*, Muhammad Irfan Chani and Asad Afzal Humayon

...empted to forecast major crops area, production, yield and per capita food availability using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Sixty-seven years annual time series data from 1947-48 to 2013-14 was obtained to forecast major crops and per capita food availability for 21years from 2014-15 to 2034-2035. Findings of the study pointed out increasing trends; major crops ar...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...ning schedules regarding crops followed by timely appointment and issuance of duties to junior staff for effective and efficient work. Results of the study reported that there is utmost need of training in competencies regarding identification of input supply dealers’ malpractices and evaluation of pesticide companies activities. Timely appointment and delegation of authorities to subordinate staff were the top two utmost possessed competencies to perfor...
Talha Nazir1,2,*, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Waheed ul Hassan2, Abdul Hanan2 and Muhammad Jalal Arif
...strategies on transgenic crops such as Bt cotton.
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Jawad Anwar* and Zafar Iqbal 

...ections are prevalent in crops and humans, therefore, the need for novel and effective antibacterial compounds to treat, prevent and resist is highly demanded. Luckily fungi are potential producer of antibacterial natural products. The present study was initiated to investigate the antibacterial activity of Trichoderma harzianum against phyto and human pathogenic bacterial strains. T. harzianum was grown under different conditions and their extracts were evalu...
Muhammad Hannan Ahmed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Abu Bakar M. Raza1, M. Afzal1, A. Khaliq1, Yasir Iftikhar2 and Hafiz Muhammad Aatif3
...akistan. Like many other crops, various chewing and sucking insect pests attack on different Bt and non-Bt cotton genotypes. Furthermore, metrological factors (especially temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) also play vital role in the population dynamics of sucking insect pest complex like jassid, aphid, thrips and mites. The present study was conducted on six cotton cultivars (3 Bt and 3 non-Bt) to monitor the population dynamics...
Nargis Bano and Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*
... environmental stress of crops as it alleviates the adverse effects of numerous stress causing factors. Numerous SA levels are found to protect several species of plants against environmental stresses by initiating different processes that are involved in the mechanism of stress tolerance. SA is part of an extremely complex signal transduction network’s part and it works differently in different systems. Drought stress is a major restraint for crop produ...

Attaullah Ansari* and Nasreen Memon 

... recorded in agriculture crops and fodder crops, respectively. 

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Amjad Ali1*, Sher Aslam Khan2, Abid Farid2, Ayub khan2, Shah Masaud Khan2 and Naushad Ali2 

...e conducted in two plant crops to calculate broad sense heritability (repeatability), genetic gain and correlations among the parameters, and establish selection criteria.Highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) differences were found among the genotypes for number of tillers, plant height, cane length,number of nodes, internodes length,number of millablecane and cane yield while non-significant differences were recorded for cane diameter. The effect of genotype and c...
Mahreen Yahya, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem, Muhammad Hamed and Sajid Shokat 
...e. Insecticide protected crops give maximum net returns. Integration of varietal resistance and insecticides showed an effective reduction of aphids and gave a significant increase in grain yield.
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Inayatullah Jan*, Sajid Khan, Noor Paio Khan and Muhammad Ashfaq 

..., the yield of the major crops such as wheat, maize, and sugarcane and the resultant income of the respondents exhibited significant increase, as confirmed by higher t-values. The study concludes that the socio-economic conditions of the farmers can be improved if credit programme is extended which could benefit all farmers in the area. 

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Muhammad Anas1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2*, Raza Ullah1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Sohail Latif5 

...cropping system all intercrops gave more economic returns than sole cropping of sunflower and mungbean and planting 6 sunflower plants + 30 mungbean plants m-2 proved to be superior with respect to grain yield and net economic return per unit area. Sunflower appeared to be dominant crop as was indicated by its higher values of competitive ratio and positive sign of aggressivity. However, on the basis of land equivalent ratio, maximum yield advantage was record...
Hayat Badshah1, Farman Ullah1, Paul-André Calatayud2, Hidayat Ullah3 and Bashir Ahmad1
...t of fruits, vegetables, crops and ornamentals in Pakistan. Biological control approach by using Aenasius bambawalei Hayat(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) has been developed recently to control this pest. However, the efficiency of this parasitoid is variable according to the locality and the plants on which P. solenopsis is feeding. In this context, this experiment investigated under field and laboratory conditions the influence of the host plan...
Muhammad Nabeel,1,* Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...ost important nutritious crops in the world. In Pakistan, this is the 3rd largest cultivated crop. The yield of maize is greatly affected by many insect pests and maize borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe) has been identified as one of the major limiting factors to maize production throughout the world. As the information regarding its distribution is lacking therefore, its incidence and prevalence was determined in seven major maize growing distr...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan and Said Alam 

...ld per acre of different crops, pests and crops diseases, flowering time of fruits trees, biodiversity and livestock’s. Respondents were selected randomly but priority was given to elders and those possess land and practice agriculture. The study reveals that majority of the respondents are well aware of climate change and its effects on cropping calendar, crop variety, crop yield, crop diseases as well as an earlier b...
Tasleem Akhtar*, Muhammad Asif Aziz, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Sheraz Ahmedand Imran Bodlah
...L. Var. Chakwal Sarsoon) crops along with managed Apis mellifera. Thirty five insect species belonging to twenty families under five orders were recorded on canola. Among the hymenopterans, abundance of managed A. mellifera was maximum (87.76%) followed by Apis florea (1.11%) and Apis dorsata (0.98%). Peak activity of the insect visitors was observed at the mid of the day i.e., 12:00 pm. The activity of managed A. mellifer...

Muhammad Luqman1,3, Raheel Saqib2*, Xu Shiwei3 and Yu Wen3 

...respondents in different crops and livestock activities was comparatively high as compared to their male counterparts. It was found that average daily share of female in crops related activities was 42% and in livestock activities was 53%. Inspite of their participation in crops and livestock activities it was found that compared to female respondents, male family heads had access to agric...

Muhammad Ijaz Khan* and Amanullah Jan 

...rowth and development of crops, soil conditioners are used. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of soil conditioning and irrigation regimes on the performance of maize crop during 2011 and 2012. Four irrigation regimes ranging from 3-6 irrigation in relation to the critical stages of maize crop were applied. Irrigation consisted of 93 mm water. Three organic soil conditioners viz., farmyard manure (10000 kg ha-1), wheat straw as crop residue (100...

Shahid Iqbal1*, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Mushtaq Ahmad Jadoon3 and Intikhab Alam3 

...o had adverse effects on crops production where significant decrease has occurred in wheat, sugarcane and maize production. The most important effect was that vegetables growing were stopped after the floods-2010. The study recommends to address the issues through the involvement of both the agricultural extension and research with major emphasis on cash and off-seasoned crops after resolving land demarcation issue and reviv...

Liaqat Ali Shahid, M. Azhar Saeed and Nadeem Amjad*

...he production of oilseed crops are not fruitful. This crop sector remained neglected for the last two decades due to mainly unfavourable edible oil import policies. Three main institutions/organizations namely Oilseed Programme NARC, Agricultural and Biological Engineering Institute (ABEI), NARC and Pakistan Oilseed Development Board (PODB) Islamabad are jointly working at federal level on the development and promotion of oilseed crops...

 Mazher Abbas*, Muhammad Waqas Akram**, Ikram Saeed*** and Arshed Bashir*

...non-conventional oilseed crops in the Punjab. Therefore 60 respondents were taken from Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh and Chiniot districts of Central Punjab. Percent area allocated to canola crop was comparatively higher at medium farms as compared to small and large farms. The results of the study showed higher yield of canola at large farms as compared to medium and small farms. Average gross revenue by small, medium and large farmers was Rs. 35913.10, Rs. 3963...

 Sumia Bint Zaman, Sidra Majeed and Shahid Ahmad*

... oil contents, number of crops per year, yield and gross returns of oilseed crops and Jatropha. Analysis shows that increase in production of edible oil over the time is negligible against the large increase in requirement resulted in higher production gap being filled through imports. Projections made for edible oils illustrated that production gap is going to be wider, which is currently 1.86 million tonnes (mt) and projec...

 Ghulam Shabbir*, Muhammad Aftab, Abid Mahmood** Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah* and Nasir Mahmood Cheema***

...earch including Brassica crops. Long and consistent breeding efforts on Brassica improvement programme by the breeders has resulted in the development of a high yielding and drought tolerant elite line SPS-5, selected from the segregating progenies of a cross between Ganyou-4 x Westar. Breeding was carried out by the pedigree method and the elite line was evaluated for its yield potential in various yield trials conducted at BARI, Chakwal from 1994 to 1998. Ba...

 Shazia Erum, Rashid Anwar and Shahid Masood*

...phical indicator (GI) of crops create a positive impression of the product quality, the environmental virtue and human skill of the area. In the present study, comparative analysis of total seed proteins of Kasuri methi (GI of Kasur, Pakistan) was evaluated with other Trigonella genotypes by SDS-PAGE. Results showed that at protein level Kasuri methi acquired a unique status as a G.I of Kasur. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) of 28 genotypes including both methi and m...

 Ashiq Saleem, Habib Iqbal Javed, Rashid Saleem,* Muhammad Ansar** and M. Amir Zia*

...rain yields of these two crops increased significantly at K2O level of 120 kgha-1 with three splits. Level of 120 kgha-1 with three splits is recommended for potash application in maize and sorghum.

...

 Sarfraz Ahmad, Shaista Koukab, Nayyar Razzaq, Muhammad Islam, Aneel Rose*, and Muhammad Aslam**

...Matricaria recutita. Two crops a year are possible in highlands of Balochistan. The first production cycle starts from late February upto June and second production period is from August to November. Flowers are produced in flushes and picking is possible with 10-15 days interval. In irrigated conditions, maximum fresh and dry flower production at one flush was recorded 2783 and 763 kgha-1, respectively. The fresh and dry flower production under natural rainfa...

 Muhammad Azeem Khan*, Abid Hussain, Irfan Mehmood and Sonila Hassan **

...tterns, area under major crops at Kohat and productivity of major crop at Attock decreased. Bivariate correlations between mean seasonal rainfall, area and production of major crops were moderately positive and statistically significant (except for wheat crop at Attock). This means that an increase in rainfall contribute positively towards area under major crops and their production and vi...
Umair Riaz*1, Zafar Abbas1, Qamar uz Zaman2, Muhammad Mubashir1, Mahwish Jabeen2, Syed Ali Zulqadar1, Zeenat Javeed1, Saeed-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Muhammad Javid Qamar1
...n water for agricultural crops. The values of EC, SAR, and RSC were ranged from 0.031 to 15.39 dS m-1, 0.02 to 52.66, and 0 to 43.3 me L-1, respectively. Overall, in southwest areas the majority of water samples were found to be fit for irrigation while in northwest area majority of the water samples fall under unfit range. The SO4 ranges from 89 to 1435 mg L-1. The highest value of SO4 was observed in the...

Arshed Bashir *, Shamsheer-Ul-Haq**, Mazher Abbas*, M. Aamir Munir** and Aneela Afzal***

Corresponding author:ssrifaisalabad@gmail.com

IMPACT OF SUGARCANE MILLS DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ON CANE PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB
...uction (fresh and ratoon crops) as compared to non-beneficiary farms. Inclusion of small and medium farmers in the sugar mills development activities is recommended to meet the sugar consumption requirements of the country by domestic production and ultimately reduction in sugar import.

...

 Shahida N.Khokhar*

CROP INOCULANTS- AN UNDEREXPLORED POTENTIAL IN AGRICULTURE
...at, maize) and vegetable crops. This however has yet to be taken to farmers' field effectively. The present paper reviews these efforts, lapses and unfolds new strategies in research and extension in future.

...

 Mazher Abbas*, Tahir Mehmood**, Arshed Bashir*, Muneeb Zafar*** and Aneela Afzal****

ECONOMICS OF LALLEMANTIA ROYLEANA (TUKHAM-EBALANGOO) PRODUCTION IN THE LOW INTENSITY CROPPING ZONE OF THE PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...e economics of medicinal crops in the low intensity cropping zone of Punjab. Therefore 80 respondents were taken from Karror Laal Eson and Layyah tehsil of Layyah in Punjab. Percent area allocated to Lallemantia royleana crop was comparatively higher at small farms as compared to medium and large farms. The study showed higher yield of L. royleana at large farms as compared to medium and small farms. Average gross revenue by small, medium and large -1 farmers ...

 Parvez Khaliq*, Azim Malik**, Nasir Mahmood Cheema* and Muhammad Umair***

ECONOMICS OF WHEAT BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN RAINFED AREAS OF PAKISTAN
...know their impact on the crops yield in the cropping systems. Economic analysis of the data revealed that the traditional wheat-fallow-wheat cropping system could be economically replaced with wheat-maize fodder-wheat cropping system even under drought condition and there will be no economical loss of wheat yield when planted after maize fodder. Application of recommended dose of fertilizer -1 along with FYM @ 5 tha will enhance the yield of wheat and maize fo...

 Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad, and Ijaz Ashraf**

ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL CONTACT METHODS IN DISSEMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
...o increase production of crops and thus improve living standard of the people.

...

 Sajida Taj*, Akhter Ali*, Nadeem Akmal*, Shujaat Yaqoob** and Mubarik Ali***

RAISED BED TECHNOLOGY FOR WHEAT CROP IN IRRIGATED AREAS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
... yield of almost all the crops and constrained with many problem. One of the most important issues of agriculture is water shortage which is increasing day by day and is a major challenge now a days. Therefore, water saving becomes the utmost need of the hour. The national research system is now putting their focus and efforts to manage the precious water through various modern/latest water saving models to draw some solid method of irrigation with less wastag...

Ayesha Tahir* and Sonila Hassan**

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF SMALL SCALE BUTTON MUSHROOM PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
...t compared to many other crops and livestock. The present study was conducted in 2010 to estimate the profitability of small scale button mushroom production at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. The cost of production methodology was used for this study. The yield and gross return of mushroom was estimated at 155.6 kg ha and Rs.77,800 ha , respectively. The results indicated the fact that mushroom production is very much remuner...

 Shahida Khalid*and Shahida Nasreen Khokhar*

INTERACTION OF HERBICIDES AND BIO-INOCULANTS WITH AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND WEEDS
... injurious to subsequent crops. The residual/carryover herbicides may influence sowing decisions for the next crop due to reduced herbicide breakdown. The present study aimed at exploring the contribution of bio-fertilizer microbes (Azospirillum) to mitigate the inhibitory effect of herbicide residue in soil, and their inhibitory effect on weed seeds. The crops studied under laboratory conditions were Brassica spp. and Zea m...

 Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Maqsood Ahmad*, Gulshan Riaz* and Sartaj Khan*

PERFORMANCE OF SUMMER FORAGE LEGUMES AND THEIR RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUBSEQUENT OAT CROP IN SUBTROPICAL SUBHUMID POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
...ts owing to the previous crops was least after millet (7.5 -1 -1 tha ) and ranged from 8.5 to 8.9 tha after sesbania, cluster bean and cowpeas. Differences in crude protein content of oats as affected by the previous crops were non-significant and ranged from 9.4% to 9.7%. Differences in crude protein yield of oats as affected by the preceding crops -1 were statistically significant and ra...

 Ali Ahsan Bajwa*, Ehsanullah*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Wahaj Nafees*, Mohsin Tanveer* and Hafiz Salman Saeed*

IMPACT OF FERTILIZER USE ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW
... of food grains and cash crops but environment is being deteriorated at alarming rate also. Increased use of fertilizers, pesticides, chemical growth regulators, machinery and poor management practices are accelerating environmental pollution, soil degradation, global warming, climatic change and food deterioration. Conservation agriculture offers a sustainable solution for all these problems most often. This review focuses the use of fertilizers in conservati...

 Sajid Ali* and Abdul Jabbar**

GROWTH AND VARIABILITY IN AREA PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF SELECTED FRUIT CROPS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
... yield of selected fruit crops including apple, peach, pear, and plum in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The study is based on secondary data from 1975-76 to 2011-12 which is further bifurcated into three periods; period-I (from 1975-76 to 1990-91), period-II (from 1991-92 to 2011-12), and period-III (from 1975-76 to 2011-12). Cuddy-Della Valle index has been used for variability analysis. The findings of the study revealed that growth in production of selected f...

 Muhammad Arshad Ullah*, Nazir Hussain**, Helge Schmeisky*** and Muhammad Rasheed**** 

INOCULATION AND INTER-CROPPING OF LEGUMES IN ESTABLISHED GRASS FOR INCREASING BIOMASS OF FODDER
... to competition for food crops. Intercropping (33%, 50% and 67%) of Panicum maximum grass and legumes (Vicia sativa and cowpeas) coupled with inoculation was studied under rainfed conditions at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. Intercropping significantly increased tillering of grass. Seed inoculation of legumes also gave maximum tillers. The grass and legumes biomass without any treatment were recorded as 7.09 and -1 8.17 t ha ...

 Muhammad Qasim*, Sonila Hassan*, Arshed Bashir*, Hafiz Zahid Mahmood** and Irfan Mehmood*

ANALYZING PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF SELECTED FOOD AND LEGUME CROPS FOR FOOD SECURITY IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ed food grain and legume crops. The estimated co-efficient for all growth models (area, production and yield) of selected commodities were statistically highly significant at 1% level except yield of gram which was significant at 10% level. The estimated annual growth rate of area for wheat, rice and sugarcane was 0.9%, 2.1% and 0.8%, respectively with the production growth of 3.0%, 3.8% and 2.2%, respectively and yield growth of 2.1%, 1.6% and 1.5%, respectiv...

 Amjad Pervez*, Syed Muzaffar Ahmed*, Akhlaq Ahmad** and Qazi Mehmood Ali**

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FOOD GRAINS AS BAITS FOR MANAGEMENT OF HYSTRIX INDICA
... pest of orchards, field crops and vegetables in Pakistan. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine highly effective cereal used as bait base for its management. Six locally available food grains viz., wheat, rice, maize, black gram, sorghum and millet were offered in whole/crack form. Under no choice and choice tests, rice was the most preferred food, followed by wheat, maize and others. The present study suggested that rice in whole or cracked form alo...

 Nouman Badar*, Hina Fatima**, Abdul Jabbar*** and Muhammad Asif*

MAJOR FOOD CROPS PRODUCTION AND YIELD FORECAST IN PAKISTAN
...uction and yield of food crops in Pakistan. Utilizing the “Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average” (ARIMA) model and data from 1948 to 2011. The data was obtained from Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Islamabad and various Economic Surveys of Pakistan. The result predicts that wheat (production and yield) forecast for 2029-30 to be -1 about 37188 thousand tons and 3454 kg ha , respectively. The rice (production -1 and yield) forecast for 2029-30...

 Saqib Shakeel Abbasi*, Ayesha Tahir**, Irum Raza* Saleem Abid* and Muhammad Nisar Khan*

TREND ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF WHEAT AND RICE IN PAKISTAN
...e price trends for these crops over the last 30 years and based on statistical models, forecast their prices from 2013 to 2017. Different models have been applied to get the best fit model. These were linear trend model, quadratic trend model, exponential growth model and S-curve model. The minimum values of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and Mean Squared Deviation (MSD) have been acquired and then the forecasting was made...

 Doulat Baig*, Fida Mohammad Abbasi*, Habib Ahmed*, Maqsood Qamar** and Muhammad Ayub Khan**

RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL TRAITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
... position among oil seed crops in Pakistan. Mostly indigenous sunflower hybrids are cultivated which give low achene and fodder yields. The issue related with these hybrids ascribed to lack of information about use of inputs and cultural practices. Judicious nitrogen use and suitable high yielding hybrid play key role in increasing sunflower productivity. Protein is the basic requirement of the metabolic processes for the vegetative, reproductive growth and yi...

 Imdad Ali Mahmood*, Arshad Ali**, Armghan Shahzad**, Muhammad Asif Masud Ghumman***, Muhammad Arshad Ullah**, Tariq Sultan** and Badar-u-Zaman**

CROP RESIDUES AND PHOSPHORUS EFFECT ON YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE AND WHEAT GROWN UNDER SALINE-SODIC SOIL
... grain -1 yields of both crops were harvested with the application of P O @ 80 kg ha along 2 5 -1 with crop residues incorporations. Overall 2.75 and 2.89 t ha of paddy and -1 wheat, respectively were obtained with P O @ 80 kg ha under crop residue 2 5 -1 incorporation. Although, the yields produced with the treatment, 80 kg P O ha + 2 5 -1 crop residue, performed similar to P O @ 120 kg ha without crop residues 2 5 incorporation during both the years. However...

 Muhammad Mudasar Aslam ⃰, Muhammad Jamil**, Ijaz Malook**, Amana Khatoon*, Ali Rehman*, Abdur Rahim***, Pirzada Khan*, Shakir Ullah Khan Shakir*, Shahid Irfan*, Faizan Ullah****, Khair Ul Bashar**, Mahideen Afridi** and Shafiq Ur Rehman*

PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA, TAMARIX APHYLLA AND PEGANUM HARMALA ON PLANT GROWTH OF WHEAT AND MUSTARD
...owth of different useful crops. This research study was designed to find out phytotoxic effects of Calotropis procera, Tamarix aphylla and Peganum harmala on seed germination and seedling length of wheat and mustard. Results showed that seed germination of wheat was significantly decreased by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% while mustard seeds were resistant and were affected by higher dilutions (15%, 20% and 25%) of all plant extracts. Roots of both wheat and musta...

 Muhammad Tahir* and Nawal Zafar* 

FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF RABI CEREALS SOWN ALONE AND IN BLENDED POPULATION AT VARIABLE SEED RATIOS
...-align: justify;">Fodder crops are the main source of animal feed in Pakistan. However, the yield per acre is still far below than optimum production level of the livestock. From this perspective, a field trial was conducted using seeds of three cereal crops wheat, oat and barley sown alone and blended together at different seed proportions (100%: 0%, 75% + 25%, 50% + 50% and 25% + 75%) at the Agronomic Research Area, Depart...

 Muneeb Zafar*, Tahir Mehmood**, Irfan Ahmad Baig**, Abdul Saboor** Mazher Abbas***, Shumaila Sadiq** and Khalid Mahmood****

ANALYTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF NON-OPTIMAL USE OF PESTICIDES AND HEALTH HAZARDS FOR VEGETABLE PICKERS
...it enhances the yield of crops and vegetables. But, eventually amplified use of pesticides results in contamination of environment (water, soil, and air) and increase the health cost of vegetable pickers. The purpose of this study is to estimate the excessive use of pesticides and economic cost of health hazards for the vegetable pickers in district Vehari. Data from 90 respondents were collected and analyzed. The most common health problems identified during ...

 Shahid Iqbal Khattak*, Muhammad Amjad Nadim**, Mohammad Safdar Baloch**, Kashif Waseem** and Muhammad Sohail***

IMPACT OF VARIABLE SEEDING DATES ON CEREALS' PERFORMANCE UNDER AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF DERA ISMAIL KHAN
... lodging of these cereal crops was also observed during the study. Barley was the crop showing maximum lodging (35.83 %) which led the same to lowest grain yield. The minimum lodging (8.33 %) was noted in oat crop. It was also observed that earlier sowing showed more lodging due to longer growth period. The study concludes that cereals should be sown between mid-October to mid-November for their best performance in areas with similar agro-ecology.

...

 Mubbashira Nazir*, Saira Batool*, Sultan Ali Tariq**, Abid Hussain** and Ya Sakina**

INTERDECADAL GROWTH VARIABILITY AND DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF FRUIT CROPS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ction and yield of fruit crops in Punjab province from 1971 to 2014. The growth trend of fruits' production in the province showed positive behavior for major fruits (citrus, mango and guava) in almost all the decades, except for mango in 1970s and guava in 2000s. The decline in production of mango in 1970s was due to negative growth in both area and yield. While, a slowdown growth in the area and decrease in yield were reasons of decline in production of guav...

Basharat Hussain Shah*, F. S. Hamid*, Shams ul Islam*, Fayaz Ahmad*, Sohail Aslam*, and Noorullah Khan*

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD AND OTHER ATTRIBUTES AT SHINKIARI, MANSEHRA

 Muhammad Tahir* and Neelam Yasin*

EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTS FOLIAR APPLICATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF MAIZE
...ected trend among cereal crops which confines yield and nutritional value of grains. A field trial was laid out to evaluate the effect of micronutrients on yield and quality of maize in randomized complete block design (RCBD) at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad . The treatments comprised of no micronutrient application (control), water spray and foliar application of micronutrients mixture @ 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 ml h...

 Arshia Naeem*, Maria Anjum*, Mariam Rehman*, Zahid Mahmood** and Muhammad Asif Kamran**

AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM TO FACILITATE FARMERS IN WHEAT, SUGARCANE AND OTHER CROP DISEASES IDENTIFICATION
... where information about crops, their soil conditions and associated diseases were provided on a web application. An online registration facility was provided along with interface to send image of crop related diseases. The desktop application consisted of an image analyzer that received images from web application and processes them to identify crop disease. The proposed platform was evaluated in collaboration with researchers from Ayub Agricultural Research ...

 Sadaf Javaria*, Muhammad Qasim Khan*, Kashif Waseem*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani*, Habib ur Rahman*, Muhammad Sohail Khan* and Muhammad Sohail**

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON IMPACT OF BIO AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZES ON COMPOSITION AND SHELF LIFE OF TOMATO ( ) FRUIT.
...ts of vegetable or fruit crops, and their correlation with physicochemical attributes and shelf life. Data are provided for the researchers for further investigation.

...

 Nusrat Habib*

RELATIVE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SUNFLOWER IN DISTRICT SWABI AND MARDAN
...portant among edible oil crops growing in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It was introduced in the province during 1976 but commercially adopted by a large number of farmers only by 1990's. Sunflower cultivation trend kept on increasing from the year 1990 to 1999. Since then a continuous decreasing trend in adoption of sunflower has been observed. The present research work was planned to estimate the relative cost effectiveness of sunflower with competing
Waqar Islam*
... increasing every day as crops are continuously under threat by various plant diseases worldwide. A sudden epidemic breakout of any plant disease can cause huge economic losses leading towards the famine. To cope with this situation, understanding plant disease triangle and disease epidemic forecasting is very important. So here we have briefly introduced plant disease epidemiology through highlighting its various types by giving important examples. We further...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza2, Muhammad Afzal2,Hafiz Salah-ud-Din2, Imtiaz Sarwar2, Muhammad Yahya2 and Khurram Shehzad3
...nd-use types. Rice-wheat crops and barren lands exhibited minimum values. Ants (Formicidae) (10-40%), beetles (Carabidae and Staphylinidae) (14-28%), spiders (Araneae) (5-18%) and earthworms (Lumbricidae) (2-20%) were the most abundant and more active, hence, were more captured in pitfall traps in summer season. Termites (isopteran) and earthworms were more captured in monoliths. By and large, macroinvertebrate fauna was lower in the soils studied as compared ...
Mubashar Hussain, Muhammad Faheem Malik, Sehreen Siddique, Muhammad Umar, Tamkeen Zainab, Fatima Zafar
...llected fortnightly from crops, weeds and shrubs from randomly selected locations i.e. Dolat Nagar, Lala Musa, Jalalpur Jatan, Guliyana, Fateh Pur and Kunjah. Analysis of specimens indicated a representation of 14 species, 6 genera and 3 sub families across all sites. Maximum abundance was noticed for Coccinella septempunctata (19.63 %) followed by Coccinella undecimpunctata (14.70 %), Coccinella transversalis (11.14 %) and Coccinella s...
Muhammad Arshad,1* Sajjad Ahmad1, Muhammad Sufyan1, Zain-ul Abdin1 and Sumaira Maqsood2
...sts of many agricultural crops worldwide. The present study was conducted to assess the wheat aphids’ diversity and their predators association with strip intercropping (brassica, alfalfa, berseem and garlic) and wheat monoculture. Results showed that the first aphid was seen in the last week of January while the predator population was first recorded during the first week of March. Aphid population was maximum on wheat monoculture when 130 specimens wer...

Habibullah* and Sahib Alam  

...ied out in splits to the crops. The study was conducted in district Buner, Pakistan using randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement. Biochar was applied at the rates of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ton/ha as the main plot factor. The immediate effect of biochar was assessed on maize crop integrated with four levels of N viz. 0, 100,150 and 200 kg/ha applied as sub-plot factor. The residual impact of the previously applied biochar levels coupled with ...

Muhammad Waqar Yasin*, Mobushir Riaz Khan and Muhammad Amin 

...production of five major crops viz. wheat (triticum), maize (zea mayes), cotton (gossypium), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and gram (Cicer arietinum). Firstly, changes in mean temperature and rainfall from 1951 to 2015 were assessed at district level. Secondly, the changes in crop performance were computed through remote sensing and crop reporting data obtained from the agriculture department, Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Lastly, changes in crop perform...

Abdur Rehman1*, Wang Jian2, Noor Khan3 and Raheel Saqib

...sk of major agricultural crops. The main purpose of this article is to compute and determine exactly the sizes and degrees of major crops market risk. The market risk analysis of major crops such as coarse grain rice, wheat, corn, cotton and soybean are determined using the VaR (Value at Risk) model. The practical consequences indicated that the normal distribution model is not appropriate...

Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Zahir Shah1 and Farmanullah Khan1 

...wth and yield of various crops and ultimately disturbing the socioeconomics of the farming community. Among the microbes, cyanobacteria are known as photoautotrophic, blue green algae which is not a truly eukaryotic algae and grown in different and such complex habitats freely and symbiotic association with large numbers of plants and microbial mats. In this regard, a pot experiment was carried out with the aim to assess the impact of different strains of cyan...

Safdar Ali1*, Obaidullah Shafique1, Tariq Mahmood2, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Ijaz Ahmed3 and Bashir Ahmad Khan

...ural products, including crops for human and livestock. Nanotechnology helps in the manufacturing of innovative agrochemicals and novel delivery mechanisms to enhance crop production and decrease in pesticide use. Nanotechnology also contributes in increasing the crop yield in agriculture. One of the major contribution of nanotechnology in the field of agriculture is the formulation of nano based pesticides and fertilizers for increased crop production. Precis...
Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,*, Sayyad Ghyour Abbas1, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Kiran Aftab2, Muhammad Hanif1, Muhammad Asim1 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...re recovered from the outcrops, situating in three districts of Punjab, namely Kaulial Kas in Attock district, Dhok Pathan in Chakwal district, and Hasnot and Padhri in Jhelum district, Punjab, Pakistan. The outcrops date to Dhok Pathan formation (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene). The identified cervid species include Rucervus cf. simplicidens, Cervus cf. triplidens and Cervus cf. sivalensi...

Rehman-Ud-din* and Naeem-Ur-Rehman Khattak 

...ation on wheat and maize crops productivity in Peshawar valley. For this purpose, three districts, i.e. Peshawar, Charsadda and Nowshera in the said valley, were randomly selected followed by a selection of three villages in each district under simple random selection. In this way, a sample size of 175 farmers was randomly selected from nine villages on a proportional basis. The study reveals that a large number of both types of farmers are neither completely ...

Fayaz Ahmad1*, Noorullah Khan1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Qamar uz Zaman1, Shamsul Islam1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1 and Sair Sarwar

Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Waqas Wakil3 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*
... pest of different field crops including cauliflower. In the present study three commercial formulations of biorational insecticides viz., Bacillus thuringiensis (DiPel®), NPV (SpltNPV) and Flubendiamide (Belt®) evaluated (alone and in combination) against S. litura under field condition. Minimum plant infestation (7.60±0.40%) was observed three days after application when B. thuringiensis...
Nadeem Munawar, Iftikhar Hussain and Tariq Mahmood*
...an pests of agricultural crops at global level. They cause severe damage to various crops, directly and indirectly, by gnawing, spoilage, contamination and hoarding activities. The current study investigated the occurrence of different rodent species inside the crop fields and at field edges, associated with four major crops (wheat, groundnut, millet and maize) in the Pothwar Plateau. In a...
Muhammad Zameer Kayani1,*and Tariq Mukhtar2
... as nematode-suppressive crops, the reproductive and developmental rates of the nematode must be assessed on these cultivars. As there is meager information on the reproductive potential of Meloidogyne incognita on different cucumber cultivars commonly cultivated in Pakistan, therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the reproductivity of M. incognita on fifteen cucumber cultivars with varying levels of resistance and suscepti...

Abdul Basit1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,4*, Sohail Ahmed2, Gohar Ali2 and Muhammad Javaid

...e on different vegetable crops such as M. charantia. 

...

Muhammad Rehan Aslam1, Muhammad Maqsood1, Zahoor Ahmad2*, Sajjad Akhtar3, Muhammad Rizwan4 and Muhammad Usama Hameed

...lication of nutrients to crops at different development stages can enhance their yield and also adjust water stress levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of foliar applied magnesium sulphate and irrigation scheduling on the quality and yield of maize (Zea mays). Maximum cob weight without sheath (253.38 g), number of grains per cob (472.49), 1000-grains weight (265.99 g), biological yield (13.08 t ha-1), grain yield (5.05...

Muhammad Shoaib Saleem*, Muhammad Faheem Akbar, Amjad Sultan and Saqib Ali 

....) on eggplant crop. The crops were grown in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, each have five treatments inclusive of control. The recommended doses of Nitenpyram, Clothianidin, Momentum (combination of Nitenpyram+Chlorfenapyr) and Buprofezin were applied when population of insect pests reached at economic threshold level (ETL). Pre-treatment data were taken before 24 hours and post-treatment data were recorded after 24, 72, 16...

Shahen Shah1*, Manzoor Hussain1, Arshad Jalal1, Mohammad Sayyar Khan2, Tariq Shah1, Muhammad Ilyas1 and Muhammad Uzair3 

...the yield and quality of crops as well as soil health. An experiment was performed to investigate the impact of nutrients management and application time over the yield and yielding attributes of wheat at the Agronomy Research Farm in the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan during winter 2014-15. The experiment was designed in RCBD with split plots arrangement, replicated four times. Three levels of nitrogen (N) (90, 120, 150 kg ha-1) were allotted t...

Muhammad Amir Maqbool1*, Muhammad Aslam1, Waseem Akbar2, Muhammad Waheed Anwar3 and Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar

... groups for all of three crops which were named as PIP-A and PIP-B. NIPs clustered into six subgroups which were named as NIP-1, NIP-2, NIP-3, NIP-4, NIP-5, and NIP6. TIPs and SIPs were scattered in four groups and entitled as TIP-1, SIP-1, TIP-2, SIP-2, TIP-3, SIP-3 and TIP-4 respectively. Collective phylogenetic tree was constructed for all of MIPs which showed that PIPs, TIPs, NIPs and SIPs of all of three crops clustered...

Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito1*, Tajwer Sultana Syed1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1 and Inayatullah Rajper2  

...vering more green manure crops to evaluate their role in the pest management and fertility of the soil. 

...

Saima Siddiqui1*, Ghulm Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed1 and Abdul Sattar Buriro

...lower were grown as trap crops in cotton (cv CRIS-342) croping the experimental area of Entomology section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam during 2011 and 2012. There was significant effect of trap crops on population reduction of jassid, thrips and white flyin cotton intercropped with millet, maize and sunflower. The minimum population of jassid (0.89), whitefly (0.36) and thrips (6.20) was recorded on cotton inte...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2,*, Rashid Mushtaq1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2, Sumaira Maqsood3, Ishita Ahuja4 and Atle M. Bones4
...ve pest of various field crops and vegetables in Pakistan. Development of biopesticide is an attractive strategy to minimize the problems of pest resistance, environmental pollution and human health concerns. The isolates of S. litura nucleopolyhedroviruses (SltNPV) were collected from infected larvae fed on natural cotton crops. The NPV was isolated from the larvae and viral occlusion bodies (VOBs) were detected usin...

Aftab Khan, Shahid Ali, Syed Attaullah Shah and Muhammad Fayaz 

...eties of maize and other crops grown in Central and Southern zones of the province. Government also needs to encourage farming community of Central and Southern zones for afforestation in order to control increase in temperature. 

...

Saif Ullah and Mohammad Akmal*

...ains longer under cereal crops cultivation, the integrated effect of nutrients i.e. N 80 with P 90 kg and S 30 is the best option to grow sunflower for better oil and protein. The study suggests that N, P and S at the rate of 80, 90 and 30 kg ha-1 is the best combination for soils remained with cereal crops in cultivation to plant with sunflower good quality of oil and protein.  

...

Muhammad Abu Sufyan Ali, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Ghaffar Ali and Muhammad Fayaz 

...of using their lands for crops and livestock production 

...

Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2, Muhammad Anjum Ali Buttar3, Umar Farooq4, Muhmmad Islam5 and Zahid Ullah Khan1 

...ng productivity of major crops in general and high value crops in particular. Presently average weighted tax rate on all fertilizers is 5.83 percent. The imposition of uniform tax rate of 5% on all fertilizers, without cash subsidy on urea will reduce financial implication to Rs. 43 billion and at 2% tax rate financial implication will be Rs. 53.7 billion per annum. Imposition of uniform tax rates will result into decrease i...

Monsif Ur Rehman1*, Hidayat-ur-Rahman1, Muhammad Iqbal2, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1 and Zahir Shah3 

Sher Nawab Khan* and Ghulam Hassan 

...3% of food and among the crops wheat has the largest contribution of about 80% to the total global cereal production. Eight wheat cultivars including a land race were crossed in 8×8 full diallel fashion during 2014-15 wheat growing season. In the succeeding crop season all the 56 F1 hybrids and their parents were evaluated during 2015-16 to study inheritance pattern of yield and yield related traits at Peshawar-Pakistan. Data were generated on spikelets ...

Ambrin Rajput* 

... highly cultivable pulse crops which plays a major part in fulfilling the nutritional requirements of human. Limited research has been done on chickpea concern with potassium (K) fertilizer application. A field study was carried out to determine the effect of K on chickpea using cultivar Benazir having three fertilizer treatments; 0:0:0, 30:75:0 and 30:75:30 kg ha-1 of N:P:K replicated thrice with randomized complete block design respectively. The experimental...

Kiran Aftab1,*,Muhammad Asim2, Muhammad Khalil Nawaz2, M. Adeeb Babar2, Muhammad Akbar Khan2 and Zaheer Ahmed3 

...n discovered from the outcrops of district Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan. The present description is about newly recovered specimens of small sized giraffids from Dhok Bun Amir Khatoon and Kund. These Middle Miocene localities are found within the Chinji Formation of the Lower Siwalik Subgroup in northern Pakistan. Our reports include isolated teeth, maxilla and mandible fragments of Giraffokeryx punjabiensis and Giraffa priscilla, which exhibit some...
Ghazunfar Rashid1, Muhammad Avais1, Syed Saleem Ahmad1, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2, Rais Ahmed3,*, Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Naveed-ul-Haque4, Mehtab Ahmad5Mumtaz Ali Khan1 and Naimat Ullah Khan6
...trate contents in fodder crops, viz., Sorghum bicolor (Jowar), Pennisetum glaucum (Bajra), Zea mays (Makai), Avena sativa (Jai), Brassica rapa (Shaljam) and Brassica Campestris (Sarson) were estimated twice a day i.e. early morning and afternoon. The fodder samples were collected from different villages of Okara, Pattoki and Ravi areas of the Province Punjab. Nitrate contents of different parts of the fod...

 Hafiz Muhammad Awais Sarwar, Muhammad Tahir Waseem, Abdul Majid Khan*, Rana Manzoor Ahmad

Propotamochoerus hysudricus remains from late Miocene deposits of Hasnot, Pakistan
...re collected from the outcrops of Hasnot type locality, Punjab, Pakistan. The present
findings will strengthen the previous records of the species Propotamochoerus hysudricus from the Late Miocene
Siwaliks of Pakistan. This species can act as a marker suid species of the Late Miocene Siwalik deposits.

...

Muhammad Shahzad Akbar, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed* and Muhammad Afzal 

...e number of agricultural crops, tree plantations and wooden infrastructures all over the world including Pakistan. This study was aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of 10 commercial formulations of new-chemistry insecticides against Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Termitidae), one of the most economic subterranean termite species in Indo-Pak region. Label-recommended dose rates of insecticides were tested against worker termites using modified filter pa...

Khush Bukhat Zahid1*, Ghaffar Ali2, Samina Sabir1 and Mohammad Fayaz2 

...al productivity of major crops, including rice, wheat and maize, in specific districts of Pakistan. This is done by observing year-to-year fluctuations in rainfall and temperature in relation to agricultural productivity for the period 1981-2009. For estimation purposes, the production function technique is used to evaluate the relationship between climate and yield variability. The results show that higher amount of rainfall has a negative and significant imp...

Muhammad Salman Wazir and Mohammad Akmal 

...ws followed by one other crops rows of Brassica (Brassica juncea), Fababean (Vicia faba) and Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), hereafter, referred as IC-I and IC-II. The N splits were applied of the total recommended 120 kg ha-1 N in splits, i.e. N splits application (NS) viz. NS1 (50% sowing and 50% tillering), NS2 (25% sowing: 50% tillering and 25% anthesis) and NS3 (25% sowing, 25% tillering and 50% anthesis). Experimental design was a randomized complete bloc...

Salman Ali*, Inamullah, Muhammad Arif, Mehran Ali, Muhammad Owais Iqbal, Fazal Munsif and Arsalan Khan 

...red in large quantity by crops and has a significant role in increasing crop growth and yield by reducing the adverse effects of drought stress. Although a large quantity of potassium can be found in soil but is mostly in an unavailable form. A field experiment was, therefore established at Agronomy Research Farm the University of Agriculture Peshawar-KP to evaluate the response of maize toward different K levels under varied irrigation frequencies, during Aut...
Shamesa Maryam1, Ajaz Ahmad Sandhu1, Imran Bodlah2*, Muhammad Asif Aziz2, Ayesha Aihetasham3

 

...ment of different plants/crops in Gujranwala District.
...
Aqeel Mehboob, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Muhammad Sarmadand Maryam Bajwa
...ructive pests of various crops cultivating in Pakistan. Larvae of S. litura at early stages attacks on the leaves and later stage larva fed almost every part of plant. Due to environmental pollution and the incapability of toxic agents in controlling the target pests at the recommended doses of synthetic pesticides, alternative methods like botanical extract in the control of this pest consider greater importance nowadays. The antifeedant and ovipositio...
Mujahid Niaz Akhtar* and Amjad Farooq
...und on cultivated cotton crops (government approved varieties) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Data was collected after ten days of interval during crop season from 2014 to 2016 randomly. Significant Correlations coefficients were observed which can be used for effective pest control program to predict predator prey ratio.
...

Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Tahir Amin1, Muhammad Riaz2, Zafar Iqbal3 and Fiaz Hussain

... serious concern for all crops and particularly for cotton, which has been a major export contributor of Pakistan. In this scenario, drought-tolerant cotton cultivars with zero tillage could be the best option. This research aims to quantify the impact of limited water on lint yield and quality of cotton genotypes. An experiment was managed in a split plot, randomized complete block design, replicated thrice at the Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail ...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Saleem Haider1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Ashfaq1, Muhammad A. Aqueel2 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah2
...ltural and Horticultural crops. Spodoptera litura is a commercial pest of diverse field crops comprising cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). Current inspections were carried out to determine their impact on larval mortality, pupal and adult emergence by exposing three field strains of S. litura (Faisalabad, Chiniot and Sargodha), under laboratory conditions. Both NPV and Bt were ...

Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Syed Burhan-ud-Din2, Muhammad Fahad Khan1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3, Azhar Ali Khan3 and Naila Ilyas1

...ble problem in different crops of Pakistan. The research was carried out to estimate the probable role of induced systemic acquired resistance in mungbean against Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease. Exogenous use of Salicylic acid (SA) and Benzothiadiazole (BTH) as elicitors enhanced the resistance in mungbean plants by triggering the SA pathway. Induced resistance was assessed by evaluating the appearance of symptoms and detection of virus titter thr...
Sakhra Mahmood1, M. Younus1, A. Aslam1, A.A. Anjum2, S. Umar3, Aamerzish Mushtaq3 and M.L. Sohail4,*
...5% of world’s food crops. To get optimum production performance from livestock and poultry, proper detoxification of AFB1 in feed is mandatory. This study was designed to analyze the biological detoxification potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) in experimental quails fed with AFB1 added diets. For this purpose 180 quails, divided in 3 groups were reared and fed with 3 different experimental diets having 0.5 mg/kg of AFB1 contamination and v...

Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Irshad Abbasi2, Himayatullah Khan1, Arjumand Nizami3, Abdul Hakeem4, Jawad Ali3 and Muhammad Jamal Khan

... shortage at the time of crops sowing in March/April when glacier/snow water is not available. It is therefore recommended to construct water storages at community as well as at farm level as well considering lifting of ground water or river water to meet irrigation water requirements at the crops sowing period. 

...

Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2 

... contribution among cash crops in provision of raw material to local textile industry, exporting cotton lint and livelihood of cotton farmers in Pakistan. Potential productivity in agriculture is possible with introduction of advanced mechanization, which is only feasible with financial injections in this sector. The study in hand has focused the role of credit in the cotton production of southern Punjab. Simple Random Sampling technique was used in the study ...

 Syed Turab Raza1,*, Zhu Bo1,*, Zulfiqar Ali2 and Tang Jia Liang3

...als such as agricultural crops (wheat straw, rapeseed) and animal manure (pig manure, cow dung) is becoming an important issue in rapidly growing population. Vermicomposting by earthworms (Eisenia fetida) is useful technique to recover nutrients of plants such as NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium). A vermicomposting system using the earthworm species (Eisenia fetida) and treating it with cattle dung, pig manure and biochar with crop (wheat straw...

Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali1 and Muhammad Zulfiqar2* 

...elihood assets including crops, water, houses and other physical infrastructure. In order to overcome these losses, communities apply short-term coping strategies by spending limited means and hard-earned cash reserves. These unsustainable strategies further exacerbate vulnerabilities and give way to new ones. Taking empirical example of Chitral, the study recommends to formulate policies and encourage investment to substitute short term coping strategies with...

Saeed Ullah1, Muhammad Israr1*, Shakeel Ahmad2, Nafees Ahmad3 and Asif Yaseen

...owing both cash and food crops. In the area, the farmers perceived for the high level of LD and the causes for this was soil erosion, soil fertility loss, overgrazing, over population growth, soil salinization, tillage erosion, poor land management practices and water degradation. The effects of LD were difficulty in farming, drought, desertification, increased the necessity for fertilizers, loss in livestock production, migration, poverty and economic backwar...

Manzoor Hussain1, Muhammad Awais2, Farhatullah3, Saiqa Bibi1, Muhammad Rameez Khan3, Afifa Khalid1 and Sajid Ali3* 

...a major threat to cereal crops, though little is known about the status of oat crown rust in Pakistan. This study was designed to assess crown rust status and field based partial resistance of 16 exotic oat lines introduced from Europe along with local check, under natural field conditions at District Mansehra, Pakistan. Data on crown rust severity and host reaction was taken at three scoring dates to assess partial resistance using area under rust progress cu...
Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon1,*, Shahina Fayyaz2 and Nasira Kazi2
...kistan compared to other crops. Cotton is cultivated in Sindh on more than 1 million acres. Two popular varieties of cotton are grown in Sindh. The aim of the present study was to determine the diversity of plant parasitic and soil nematodes associated with cotton plants in Sindh. During 2017–2018 extensive surveys were conducted at the time of cropping and at harvesting and soil root samples were collected from different fields in the cotton producing r...

Muhammad Adnan Islam1,2*, Muhammad Iqbal2, Zia-ul-Haq2,3, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Shabbir Ahmed Kalwar1, Liaqat Ali Shahid1, Badar Munir Khan Niazi1 and Muzammil Husain1 

...n are two most important crops of Pakistan. Due to late picking of cotton, wheat growing period is delayed and the farmers sown wheat in the December and January due to long process of field preparation by conventional method. Zone disc tiller machine developed in the department of Farm Machinery and Power, was employed for sowing wheat instead of conventional tillage in cotton stubble to avoid further late sowing of wheat. Zone disc tiller drill sows crop in ...

Javed Asghar Tariq1*, Bashir Ahmed2, Manzoor Ali Abro2, Muhammad Ismail1, Muhammad Usman Asif1 and Raza Muhammad1 

...diseases of agricultural crops also. 

...

Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi* 

...as shifted to some other crops rather the practicing ones. Since, farming community has adopted rice crop in non-core areas of Indian Sub-continent where it was out of question before this. Climate change has a drastic effect for the development of this disease and still there are no remedies to tackle this problem. Environmental issues are also needed to be addressed in the future research agenda of this disease.
 

...

Hafiz Umar Farid1, Muhammad Zubair2, Zahid Mahmood Khan1, Aamir Shakoor1*, Behzad Mustafa1, Aftab Ahmad Khan3, Muhamad Naveed Anjum4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Mubeen

...es to apply water to the crops because these technologies use less irrigation water and produce more yield as compared to conventional irrigation methods. However, the most burning issue of these systems is their non-adoptability or low adoptability by the farming communities, despite their proven benefits. It was highly desirable to analyze and evaluate certain parameters which keep systems functional as well as ensure adoptability of these systems at farmer&...

Abid Ali1*, Hidayat ur Rahman1, Farhatullah1 and Zahir Shah

Hayat Zada and Ahmad-ur-Rahman Saljoqi*
...ower than all other intercrops including control (Apple sole). Likewise, minimum percent infestation (57.19%) were recorded for the Apple + Trifolium, whilst maximum 85.86% were observed in the Apple sole. Same intercrop was also good impact in curtailing C. pomonella mean moth catch (1.46) through traps and maximum percent parasitism of Ascogaster quadridentata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Hyssopus pallidus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were...
Sagir Hussain, Erum Iqbal* and Shahina Fayyaz
...ions and 28 agricultural crops.Compilated data from the world has shown that Q. capitatus has the potential to survive and propagate proficiently at low temperature (-2 to -15ºC).
...

Essossinam Ali* 

...orghum, tuber and cotton crops would reduce it. Being risk averse leads farmers to reduce the fertilizer and DTS use and allocate more labor in non-farm activities. The more the distance to the nearest input market is, the less the fertilizer is used. However, increasing the amount of agricultural credit would increase fertilizer and DTS use. The study concludes that any implementation of new policies to address climatic risks and food insecurity in the study ...

Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed 

...ltural and horticultural crops in South East Asia. In spite of extensive applications of conventional synthetic pesticides, citrus farmers are unable to get rid of this pest. In order to find out alternate biorational pesticides, this laboratory study was carried out to evaluate few selected novel chemistry insecticidal formulations against 2nd instar nymphs of D. mangiferae using standard twig-dip bioassay method according to Completely Randomized Design. Res...
Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Asam Riaz and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
...ltural and horticultural crops including citrus. Extensive and injudicious use of conventional synthetic insecticides against D. mangiferae have led to many environmental and health problems urging to seek out environment-friendly and safe alternate strategies to control D. mangiferae. To this end, the present study evaluated the methanolic extracts and essential oils of eight indigenous plant species for their insecticidal potential against 2

Umar Hayat1, Khalid Khan2, Saima Liaqat3* and Balach Rasheed

...ent, and supply chain of crops. Furthermore, to avoid the adverse effects of climate change in the future, it is suggested to plant more trees and arrange different types of awareness campaign through print media and electronic media. It is also recommended to conserve water through the construction of dams and proper irrigation system may be managed on new footings to irrigate more lands to achieve the ultimate objectives of economic growth in Pakistan.

...
Raja Imran Hussain* and Iqra Yousaf
...tening yields of various crops including wheat. The goal of this study was to evaluate the shifts of rodent abundances among five sets of three different habitat types (human dwellings, agricultural and non-agricultural land). It was also expected that trapping in non-agricultural land and human dwellings could reduce wheat damage. 30 trap stations were placed in each cropland, non-agricultural land and human dwellings for twelve months. Rodent abundance was h...

Zubaria Malik, Zahir Shah* and Muhammad Tariq 

...roots of wheat and maize crops in a rotation experiment involving cereals {wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays L.)} and legumes {chickpea (Cicer arientinum), mungbean (Vigna radiata)} in a calcareous alkaline soil of Peshawar valley during 2015/16 and 2016/17. This study was conducted in an already established experiment which was in a randomized complete block design with split plot settings. Keeping cropping systems in main plots and biochar levels in...
Qihang Liu1,2, Yueli Jiang1, Jin Miao1, Zhongjun Gong1, Tong Li1, Yun Duan1 and Yuqing Wu1*
...ng significant damage to crops, around the globe. To avoid ecological pollution caused by the use of pesticides to control locusts, alternative methods such as photo-induced traps are elusive. In this report we investigated locusts visual sensitivity to different spectral lights after orange light stimulation. Results showed that after 10, 20, and 40 min of 1000 lx post-orange light stimulation, locusts visual response intensity was stimulated by green, violet...
Sikander Ali1, Muhammad Kamil Malik1, Muhammad Zubair1*, Muhammad Jawad Saleem2, Kanwal Hanif2 and Saira Azmat3
...phid.
...

Rizwan Ahmad and Muhammad Zulfiqar* 

...pact for productivity of crops particularly in rainfed areas. Climate change related research remained a poorly investigated area in KP and instant study filled that gap by investigating farmers’ perceptions and adaptation about change in climate and impact of change in climate on wheat productivity in Lakki Marwat. A combination of multi-stage sampling and simple random sampling used to select five Union Councils (UCs), one village council from each UC ...

Sanaullah and Urooba Pervaiz* 

...ent of main agricultural crops and vegetables in Bajaur Agency of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) during the year 2016-17. The study was based on primary data collected from 166 sample respondents who got training from Bajaur Area Development Program (BADP) using a well-structured interview schedule; through personal interview method. Result showed that 63.9% of the respondents were illiterate, 31.3% respondents were in age group between 25-35 years...

Muhammad Ashfaq* and Inayatullah Jan 

...ny negative shock to the crops productivity can be overcome by increasing the area under maize cultivation. It is concluded that the variations in climatic variables have significant effects on maize productivity in the short-run as well as in the long-run in all the climatic regions of KP.  

...

Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi1*, Ibtasam Riaz2, Syed Muneeb Haider2, Arfan Ahmed Gilal3, Anjum Shehzad4, Ahmed Zia4 and Abdul Rauf Bhatti4
 

...losses to many important crops and vegetables. However, many natural enemies, particularly predators have demonstrated key influence on its population regulation. Thus, this laboratory study was conducted to evaluate feeding potential of two coccinellid predators i.e., Menochilous sexmaculata and Coccinella septempunctata on eggs and nymphs of P. minor. Results confirmed that both species of coccinellid showed feeding potential against eggs and nymphs of P. mi...

Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad2 

...ce, there should be more crops and jobs per drop while conserving the quality of present terrestrial and groundwater. Saline water has been used for production of fodder and forages in many countries. Managing soil and water salinity under prevailing conditions of Pakistan is very important subject. Use of brackish water increased the salt concentration of soil. Resultantly, the growth of plants and yield becomes at threat. The salt stress is translated into d...
Naveed Ahmed1*, Abdul Waheed1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Imtiaz Ahmed1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1, Sohail Aslam1, Muhammad Adil Younis2, Seemab Ali1, Nadia Khan1 and Madiha Bashir1
Muhammad Aslam Farooqi*, Bakhtawar Irsa, Sajjad Ali, Asif Sajjad, Muhammad Waqar Hassan and Sohail Akhtar

 

...nt insect pests of major crops in Punjab-Pakistan. The experimentation was performed under laboratory conditions (28±2°C and 65±5% R.H). Four different concentrations (i.e. 50 ppm, 100, 200 and 400 ppm) of each insecticide were evaluated against A. mellifera as derived from their recommended field doses. Mortality of A. mellifera was recorded at 0.5, 3, 6 and 24 hours after exposure to insecticides. To evaluate the toxic ...
Manzoor Hussain*, Marie Maňasová, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
... pests in vegetables and crops. The problem is being increased due to lack of our farmer’s knowledge, repetition of the same crop in field, and non-awareness of pesticides applications. Ten isolates from seven different fungi, Arthrobotrys oligospora, Dactylella oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Lecanicillium muscarium,Trichoderma harzianum and Ple...
Rafiq-ur-Rehman1*, Zahoor Ahmad1, Wiqar Ahmad2, Muhammad Mansoor3 and Shah Masaud1
...cal N fixation in legume crops is economical and environmentally sound activity in crops production. Response of mungbean cultivar (Inqalab Mung) inoculated with four strains of rhizobium (TAL-634, TAL-169, NARC-BK and NARC-M) was evaluated during two consecutive years 2015 and 2016 at the Agricultural Research Institute, Rata Kulachi, Dera Ismail Khan (31º 49/ N latitude and 70º 55/ East longitude), Khyber Pakhtun...
Riaz Shah1* and Margaret Appleby2
...ecome a major problem in crops. TSSM is mainly controlled with synthetic acaricides. Some low-risk pesticide options are available and included in IPM. In this study, contact and residual toxicity of selected low-risk pesticides were tested against TSSM adult females and three commonly available predators (Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, Neoseiulus fallacis McGregor and Stethorus punctillum Weise). TSSM adult females and adults of ...
Wiqar Ahmad1*, Farmanullah Khan2, Muhammad Sharif2 and Muhammad Jamal Khan2
...tion of soil quality and crops productivity on eroded agricultural land. The research was conducted with three cropping patterns viz wheat after maize, lentil after maize and wheat-lentil intercrop after maize in main plots and four fertilizer treatments viz the control, farmer’s practice (FP) (N:P2O5 @ 60:45 and 15:30 kg ha-1 for cereals and lentils), recommended dose (RD) (N:P2O5:K2O @ 1...

Asma Hassan*, Zuhair Hasnain, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz, Muhmmad Ansar, Muhmmad Rasheed, Ajaz Ahmad, Lubna Ayub Durani and Muhmmad Bilal Ali 

...tify;">Correct choice of crops and appropriate tillage systems are economically valuable for former depends on sufficient nutrient supply and satisfactory soil and climatic conditions. Moldboard plough (MP) (control), tine Cultivator (TC) and minimum tillage (MT) as main treatment, Crops sequence as subplot included were fallow–wheat (Triticum aestivum), (FW, control), mungbean (Vigna radiata)–wheat (MW), sorghum...

Muhammad Shahzad Akbar*, Maria Aslam, Muhammad Rehan Khalid, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed 

...e damage to agricultural crops, forest plantations, wooden infrastructures and other cellulosic products. Their control is usually done by the application of highly persistent synthetic insecticides which often cause different non-target effects such as environment contamination. This laboratory study evaluated the toxicity of methanolic extracts of eight flowers i.e. Mexican marigold (Tagetes lucida), African marigold (Tegates erecta), tecoma (Tecoma stans), ...

Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Niaz Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Khalid Hussain1, Sohail Abbas2 and Ali Raza3 

...sed in mungbean and gram crops throughout the year. Effects of light traps were assessed by daily night collections in relation with abiotic factors based on marginal cost benefit ratio. Results indicated that total 32415 insect’s captures were made with >26 insect species including 4 species of bio control agents. Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, Agrotis Sp., Bemesia tabaci and Microtermes Spp. were major pests of gram and mungbean attracted ...

Wajid Shah Yousafzai1, Irfan Ullah1*, Amjad Ali1, Mahmood Iqbal2 and Salman Khan1 

...ich to produce all kinds crops, fruits and vegetables. Agriculture sector contributes to the economic benefit of the farming community in Pakistan, therefore analyzing its potential remain major focus in various studies. Current study has been designed with main aim to estimate the allocative efficiency of onion production in District swat. Using multistage sampling technique cross sectional data was collected from 105 sample respondents in three villages (Abo...

Muhammad Azam Niazi1* and Umar Farooq2 

...re on supply response of crops in Pakistan has relied on the assumption that the data series used for analyses were stationary while most of time series are in fact trended. This makes the results of many earlier studies unreliable. This study uses the modern time series approach of cointegration using Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds testing. The bounds testing showed existence of a long run relationship between Basmati rice production and the regressors...

Muhammad Abdul Qayyum1*, Farhat Bashir2, Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool3, Anser Ali3, Saqib Bashir1 and Qaiser Abbas4 

...an produce salt tolerant crops

...

Umar Hayat1*, Shahid Ali1, Abdul Mateen2 and Hazrat Bilal

...f the study such as cash crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry are significantly affecting poverty head count rate in Pakistan. Thus, long-run agriculture growth programme in line with overall economic development targets of the country needs to be planned on operational grounds with strict implementation mechanism. It will enhance the tempo of agricultural growth towards poverty alleviation which will ultimately increase the speed of economic development i...

Turab Ali Kaurajo1*, Huma Rizwana1, Gulbahar Khaskheli2, Muhammad Haroon Baloch1, Muhammad Naeem Rajput1, Asad Ali Khaskheli3 and Mohsin Solangi

...ey grew Rabbi and Kharif crops. The production systems were 45% of sedentary, 26.6% transhumant, 18.3% nomadic and 10% house hold. The age of 60% camel herders were found between 25 to 50 years, 28.33% between 50 to 60, 8.33% above 60 while 3.33% below 25 years. Incidence of protozoa were more common at study area. The age of puberty and breeding life were 3-5 and 12-22 years respectively in females. Duration of estrus cycle in camel varied from 16-22 days. Av...

Imran1*, Amanullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Zahir Shah2 and Abdul Bari3 

...y important agricultural crops including cereal, oil seed, legumes and cash crops. Minimizing pest losses in addition to better crop management is a way toward narrowing the yield gap and ensuring food security. The present study was carried out to investigate the impact of peach (Prunus persica L.) residues and soil application of Trichoderma (soft-rot fungi) along with seed inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (P...
Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Abdul Majid Khan2*, Ayesha Iqbal2, Amtur Rafeh2, Muhammad Tahir Waseem2 and Muhammad Ameen2
...cene, ca. 13.5-4.0 Ma outcrops of the Siwalik of Pakistan were analyzed for the occurrence of linear enamel hypoplasia. According to our results there was a lower occurrence of enamel hypoplasia (13%) in the tragulid fossils from the middle Miocene outcrops (13.5-11.2 Ma) as compared to the late Miocene to the early Pliocene (11.2-4.0 Ma) tragulid remains (48%) which is statistically significant (p<0.05). The middle Mioce...

Rahat Naz*, Mussawar Shah, Asad Ullah, Intikhab Alam and Younas Khan 

...educed the production of crops(P=0.000); soil erosion and landslides have increased(P=0.000); Due to climate change forests, fruits and vegetables have become scarce(P=0.000); water logging and salinity has affected the production of crops(P=0.000); and loss of agricultural productivity affecting the local economy with effects on human lives. The study concluded that, climate change has drastically affected the agricultural ...
Khursheed Ahmed, Shoaib Freed*, Rana Fartab Shoukat and Kanwar Waqas Ahmad
...s insect pest of various crops including cotton. The present study was carried out to evaluate the combined effect of some isolates of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria fumosorosea and six synthetic insecticides i.e., triazophos, imidacloprid, bifenthrin, nitenpyram, pyreproxifin and lambda cyhalothrin against O. hyalinipennis. The efficacy of these microbial agents could be enhanced by applying in combina...
Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad2, Muhammad Jalal Arif1 and Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,*
...nfesting the cruciferous crops worldwide. It has developed resistance against chemical insecticides. To overcome this problem there is dire need to explore alternative control measures which are safer to the environment and compatible with human health. The present study was conducted to investigate the insecticidal properties of native isolated Plutella xylostella granulovirus (PxGV) and Azadirachta indica (AZA) on mortality and development of <...

Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz*, Khalil Ahmed, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Faisal Nawaz and Muhammad Sarfraz 

...quality of daily dietary crops. For this purpose, a series of field experiments were conducted during 2013 to 2015 with objective to optimizing the different levels of nitrogen and the cost-benefit sowing methods for turnip production under moderately salt-affected soils. The experimental design was split-plot with sowing methods (bed and ridge) in the main plot and nitrogen doses (40, 60, 80 and 100 kg ha-1) as sub plot. Treatments were replicated three times...

Basharat Hussain Shah*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Shams ul Islam, Naveed Ahmed, Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan and Qamar uz Zaman. 

Rakhshanda Kousar1, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum2, Raza Ullah1, Aqeela Saghir3, Sohaib Usman3* and Tahira Sadaf

...ity and profitability of crops. The primary data were collected from 120 farmers of rural area of Faisalabad. This study calculated the extent of land fragmentation by using Simpson index. Production function was employed to estimate the impact of land fragmentation on the crop productivity. The results suggested that higher the land fragmentation of the farms, negative is the impact on the productivity. The findings of the study have important implication for...

Masaud Khan1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Shahab Ahmad2, Asad Ali3, Numan Khan3 and Muhammad Adnan Fahad

...ne of the most demanding crops in terms of water and fertilizer inputs. To meet irrigation water demand, growers use surface and ground water resources. These resources are in decline. Realizing the importance of water and fertilizer, tomato yield under deficit irrigation regimes, and different Nitrogen (N) levels were studied during 2015 and 2016 at the research farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan, using factorial arrangement of randomize...
Muhammad Faheem Akbar1,*, Muhammad Abdul Haq2, Imtiaz Ahmad1, Vasileva Viliana3 and Amjad Sultan1
...iosal respectively). The crops treated with bio pesticides were found safer for human consumption even after few hours of spray compared with codex and EU MRLs. Whereas, endosulfan and profenofos treated crops were not found to be fit for consumption even after 7 days of application, as they were not degraded down to the EU and Codex MRL within usual pre-harvest interval (PHI). Imidacloprid being bio-rational (low risk) pest...
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Sajjad Ali2, Asad Abdullah1, Samina Khalid3, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Afzal1 and Jaima Molina-Ochoa5
...on sunflower and soybean crops was measured using BioLeaf android application. The infected leaves due to citrus canker were also tested using BioLeaf for foliar analysis. Our results demonstrated that the quantification of foliar damage using BioLeaf application was easy and accurate. This method is also comparable with other techniques like digital analysis by ImageJ software and leaf area meter devices. With these results, it is concluded that the BioLeaf a...

Stanley Uchenna Onwudike* and Vivian Chizoba Edoziem 

...zosphere of three annual crops, viz groundnut (Arachis hypogea), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) on a loamy sand, typic haplustult soil. The work was sited at the research farm of the University during 2016 planting season and the region lies within the latitude of 5° 38¹N and longitude 6° 97¹ E. At 10 weeks after planting, both the rhizosphere soil (soils within 2 mm region of the test cro...

Muhammad Rasheed*, Tayyaba Naseer, Asma Hassan, Fayaz ul Hassan, Rifat Hayat, Ghulam Jilani, Samman Gul Vaseer and Muhammad Bilal Ali 

...ion and growth of legume crops. The experiment was conducted to access the effect of isolated bacteria from nodules on growth and nodulation of the lentil cultivars. Different cultivars were used in this experiment; Markaz 2009, Masoor 2009 and NIA 2005 treatments were used viz BS0 (control), (Pseudomonas stutzeri), BS2 (Lysinibacillus pakistanensis) and BS3 (Pseudomonas stutzeri + P2O5@40kg/h). Application of BS3 enhanced the plant height (31.423 cm), leaf ar...
Sumaira Akram1, Sajid Aleem Khan1*, Nazir Javed1 and Saeed Ahmad2
...important pest of cereal crops. In Pakistan the yield of wheat is extremely low as compared to many other developing countries. Among several factors, responsible for low crop yield, MGis an emerging threat. In vitro hatching percentage of MG was evaluated that was varied significantly at different concentration of chemicals, bio control agents and plant extracts. Among chemicals, cartap was most effective with lowest egg hatching and among bioco...
Jiao Qin,Qian-Qian Su and Quan-Sheng Liu* 
...e, vegetables, and other crops. The more serious situation was that R. losea has developed high resistance to anticoagulants with repeated and long-term application of anticoagulant rodenticides in southern China. Fertility control is considered as an alternative strategy for management of this pest. Cabergoline can inhibit prolactin (PRL) secretion and was applied in fertility control for animal, however, the physiological and behavioral mechanisms of ...

Muhammad Ramzan, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mahreen Hanif, Muhammad Nadeem, Mirza Abdul Qayyum, Muhammad Javaid 

...nd cosmopolitan pest for crops and vegetables especially cauliflower all over the world. The larvae feed on foliage and cause severe damage. Present study was carried out under laboratory conditions to elicit information about every stage like egg, larva, pupa and adult of Plutella xylostella on natural diet. The study revealed that incubation period of eggs varies from 3.2-4.3 hours. There are four larval instars of Plutella xylostella. The first, second, thi...

Arjumand Nizami1, Muhammad Zulfiqar2*, Jawad Ali1, Naushad Khan2 and Imran Sheikh

...compared to other cereal crops. In view of climate change, water management for agriculture encompasses all technologies and practices leading to water productivity enhancement to address increasing irrigation water demand and declining water resources. One of such technology known as laser land leveling was introduced in Pakistan in 1980s. More recent introduction is of another water efficient technique known as The Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) technolo...
Muhammad Sarmad, Syed Muhammad Zaka* and Syed Muhammad Tahir Abbas Shah
...p;pest of many important crops, the present work will study on biology and bionomics of O. laetus on three different hosts Gossypium hirsutum, Abelmoschus esculentus and Helianthus annuus. Shorter nymphal duration was observed on Gossypium hirsutum 20.00±0.14 days as compared to Abelmoschus esculentus 21.00±0.26 days and Helianthus annuus 23.80±0.20 days. The longer adult life was ...
Quratulain1, Ata-ul-Mohsin1, Muhammad Naeem1, Ghulam Shabir1, Muhammad Khalid Rafique2 and Rashid Mahmood2*
...eding pest of vegetables crops of Pakistan. For this research Ten onion accessions Early red, Phulkara, Chiltan, Saryab red, Swat-1, Hazara, Nasarpuri, Red imposta, VRIO-7, VRIO-8 were evaluated during rabi season of 2017-18 at Chak Shahzad, Islamabad (33o 40 N and 73o 08 E), for their susceptibility to onion thripsunder field conditions. Seeds of different onion varieties were obtained from Ayub Agriculture Research Institute Fais...

Muhammad Shakeel1,2*, Salik Nawaz2, Yasar Saleem3, Shazia Shafique2, Ateeq Tahir2 and Muhammad Riaz2

... high value or medicinal crops were contacted. Out of these, 68 found as broccoli growers and most probably due to shyness only 37 contributed in data collection process. In the perspectives of health-promoting properties of broccoli 62% were unaware of health benefits and 7% aware of beneficial properties against heart diseases. In case of selection of varieties 37% were unaware of the name of variety and 22% cultivate “Marathon” while a small gro...

Fazal Haq*, Asia Parveen, Safdar Hussain and Arshad Hussain 

...tern for the three major crops wheat, potato and alfalfa grown in the study area and to maximize the net profit per year. The research study deals with statistical facts and figures so quantitative method of research is approached. The growers of the major crops were the targeted population and random sampling technique is used to select the sample. Self made questionnaires, filled through interviewed process from the random...
Sajjad Ali1,*, M. Irfan Ullah2, Asif Sajjad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2, M. Aslam Farooqi1, M. Shahid Rizwan3, Qaiser Shakeel4, Sohail Akhter1,Muhammad Raheel4 and Muhammad Arshad2
...ous- is the pest of many crops and exhibits high fecundity and migrating efficiency. The present study aimed to evaluate its physicomorphic responses towards different host plants. The highest larval and pupal weights were observed when fed on gram, Cicer arietinum (L.). The maximum (97.23%) larval survivorship was recorded on gramwhile, the lowest (56.25%) on okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.). The consumption index (CI) was also observed ...

Anila Latif, Zaheer Abbas, Farhatullah and Ghulam Muhammad Ali* 

...tructive for cruciferous crops globally and resistant against different chemicals and biopesticides. DBM has shown resistance against 12 different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and 91 active ingredients of agricultural chemicals globally. Alternative ways should be explored to control DBM. Berberine is an insect toxic alkaloid and produced by plants of family Berberidaceae. Berberine Bridge Enzyme (BBE) gene involved in the synthesis of berberine was ...

Muhammad Medrar Hussain*, Asad Jan* and Sayyar Khan Kazi 

...sses greatly affect cash crops. Among these, drought is a serious abiotic stress effecting rice productivity. Therefore, the current study was designed to know the role of OsTZF8 gene in conferring tolerance to drought stress. For this purpose, OsTZF8 gene was over-expressed in Oryza sativa subspecies indica variety Swat-1. Through Agrobacterium mediated transformation, OsTZF8 gene (pBIG-Ubi-OsTZF8) was successfully transferred to rice calli. From these rice c...

Muhammad Salim1*, Ayhan Gökçe1, Muhammad Nadir Naqqash1 and Orkun Ersoy

... serious pests of cereal crops worldwide. To control this pest, diatomaceous earth (DE) formulation consisted of diatoms, obtained from Niğde Province, Turkey, was tested against adults of the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) under laboratory conditions (25±1°C, 60±5% RH). Diatomaceous earth was applied to wheat grain at the rates of 100, 250, 300, 500, 750, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/Kg. Adult mortalities were assessed after 7, 14 and ...

Jaffar Hussain1*, Syed Farman Ali Shah1, M. Zeenat Ali1 and Javad Ahmad Shah

...mportant medium on which crops grow and obtain nutrients for their growth and improvement. For determination of macro-micronutrients and some physico-chemical properties of soil, samples were collected from different area of Jamshoro (Soman, Murad, Abadnear Kotrai Jamshoro). These nutrients are so important for crops yield and human being. The results explain that soil have low organic matter, pH is near to 7, copper content...

Samman Gul Vaseer1, Muhammad Rasheed1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Yamin Bibi2, Saqlain Shah1, Asma Hassan1, Lubna Ayub Durani1, Muhmmad Asif3 and Zuhair Husnain

...ticularly for leguminous crops. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Co on inoculation slurry treated seeds of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) to o...

Ghani Akbar 

...tem, low productivity of crops and horticulture, less productive livestock, large postharvest losses and lack of value addition facilities are the main hurdles in utilizing the full potential of agriculture for achieving improved food security and better livelihood in this region. Lack of government spending and less available research facilities are considered the main hindrance in agricultural development in this region. Therefore, this review study was focu...

Muhammad Jan1*, Safdar Hussain2, Muhammad Anwar ul Haq3, Javed Iqbal4, Ilyas Ahmad4, Muhammad Aslam4 and Aiman Faiz3 

...the type of the soil and crops to be grown would not only maximize the crop production and improve the quality of agricultural products but would also maintain the fertility, productivity and overall health of the soil for posterity. So, keeping in view the beneficial effects of organic sources i-e compost and farm yard manure (FYM), a field experiment was planned with the objectives to study the comparative effect of organic sources on cotton growth and yield...

Ghani Akbar*, Muhammad Asif, Zafar Islam and Shahid Hameed 

...pted, especially for row crops but decision support guidelines for their appropriate installation and management is very limited, thus potential benefits of furrow beds are yet to be achieved on Pakistani farms. Consequently, water productivity of major crops is below global average in general and neighbouring countries of Pakistan in particular. This study has illustrated some key guidelines for the appropriate installation...

Muhammad Rasheed1*, Zafar Ullah1, Muhammad Ansar1, Asma Hassan1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Hussain Shah4 and Muhammad Arshadullah

... vetch performed well in crops mixture stands. Forage yield improved by oats-vetch mixture improved agronomic practices. Maximum forage economic cost benefits in case of both oats and vetch were achieved in case of minimum tillage. 

...
Hina Nazli, Abida Butt*
...ests are also present in crops and affected by these management activities. Spiders are the most abundant predators of insect pests in the agroecosystem. The present study was designed to assess and compare acute and residual toxicity of two insecticides i.e Spiromesifen and Thiamethoxam on the lynx spider Oxyopes javanus Thorell, 1887 under laboratory conditions. The field rate of both insecticides caused approximately 50% mortality in th...

Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Luqman2, Muhammad Arshad Javed2, Syed Wasim Hasan3 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed

...ultural and agricultural crops in Indo-Pak region. It has been an emerging threat to citrus industry in Pakistan and is considered as hard-to-control pest. This study evaluated some selected pest control options against the infestation of D. mangiferae under field conditions. The treatments included some most effective conventional and novel chemistry insecticides, botanicals and cultural control practice (i.e. two under-canopy deep hoeings with 15 days interv...

Rana Shahzad Noor1,2*, Fiaz Hussain2, Muhammad Umair2, Waqas Aslam2, Muhammad Ameen4, Muhammad Adnan Islam3 and Muhammad Sheraz2 

 

...ption of main and second crops. The economic comparison conducted for crop inputs cost for different tillage systems showed that the most positive effect in term of yield, fuel consumption, input cost and income was determined in conventional tillage system T1 and reduced tillage system T2. 

...

Muhammad Shahzad Khattak*1, Barkatullah1, Ayesha Aziz1, Jamil Ahmad2, Mohammad Sharif3, Mukand Singh Babel4, Muhammad Fahad5

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP WATER REQUIREMENT UNDER MULTI - REPRESENTATIVE CONCENTRATION PATHWAYS DURING MID-CENTURY: A CASE STUDY OF D. I. KHAN
...> requirements of major crops is increased. This study was conducted to estimate evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop
water requirements (CWR) of wheat and maize crops of the study area during mid (2040-2059) century under emission
scenarios based on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). The methodology employed here involves
the comparison of temperature and precipitation data projected by differe...

Muhammad Shahid1, Adiqa Kiani2* and Mahmood Shah3

Livestock Tackles the Major Sector Fluctuations in Agrarian Sector and Raises Economic Performance: A Study of Pakistan
...ts shocks and failure of crops in major sector by taking time series data from 1984 to 2017. Auto regressive distributive lag (ARDL) econometric technique was applied to conclude empirical results. Further, cumulative sum (CUSUM) and CUSUM square test was used to check the stability and structural breaks of the model. The results of research show the statistical significant and positive impact of livestock on economic performance while inflation effect on econ...

Muhammad Shahid1, Adiqa Kiani2* and Mahmood Shah3

Livestock Tackles the Major Sector Fluctuations in Agrarian Sector and Raises Economic Performance: A Study of Pakistan
...ts shocks and failure of crops in major sector by taking time series data from 1984 to 2017. Auto regressive distributive lag (ARDL) econometric technique was applied to conclude empirical results. Further, cumulative sum (CUSUM) and CUSUM square test was used to check the stability and structural breaks of the model. The results of research show the statistical significant and positive impact of livestock on economic performance while inflation effect on econ...

 Abdul Malik*, Abdul Sattar Shakir**, Muhammad Jamal Khan***, Muhammad Latif**, Zia-ul-Haq*

YIELD RESPONSE AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF SUGAR BEET IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT UNDER DIFFERENT DEFICIT IRRIGATION REGIMES

Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Shamsher Ali3*, Adnan Nasim1, Muhammad Ismail1, Nur Ul Haq1 and Muhammad Usman4

Effect of Planting Sources, Cane Portions and Setts Placement Methods on Sugarcane Yield Attributing Traits

Sajad Ali1*, Jangraiz Khan2, Arshadullah Jadoon3, Muhammad Riaz4 and Abid Khan1

Evaluation of Farmers Socioeconomic Characteristics Influencing Tomato Output in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... horticultural vegetable crops in the world. It is economically attractive to farmers, due to its short duration for ripping which increases productivity. Thus, it is becoming an indispensable source of farmer’s income in Pakistan. The production of tomato has been decreased considerably during the last five years. The present study has been conducted to explore the farmer’s socio-economic characteristics, affecting the tomato production in distric...

Syed Mufeed Hadi Naqvi1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui1, Waqar-Ul-Hassan Tareen1, Muhammad Ameer Qarib Naqvi2 and Naseeb Hussain3

Usage of Mobile Phone by Vegetable Growers and its Impact on Vegetable Production
...ressure of cash and food crops by 0.62 million ha, otherwise vegetable production is included in the cropping pattern of Pakistan. The present study was conducted in district Dera Ghazi Khan for analyzing the factors affecting the usage of mobile phone in vegetable production. Out of four, two tehsils from district were selected by using simple random sampling, then four union councils from each tehsil and three villages from each union council, also selected ...

Muhammad Riaz1*, Naureen Akhtar1, Salik Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Shakeel1,2 and Ateeq Tahir1

Neocosmospora rubicola: An Unrecorded Pathogen from Pakistan Causing Potato Stem Rot
... of the important staple crops over the world. Potato crop is threatening by a number of biotic stresses which not only affect plant health and yield but also the quality of the produce. Among biotic diseases, fungal stem and tuber rot are the most common diseases that cause significant loss in potato production in Punjab province, Pakistan. Neocosmospora rubicola was found as a new pathogen causing stem rot of potato in the potato growing area of district Kas...

Uzma Arif1, Sadar Uddin Siddiqui2, Muhammad Fareed Khan1, Muhammad Arshad3 and Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi

...as well as seed of other crops of similar category. 

...

Ghulam Murtaza1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Ashraf Malik2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad3 

...d productive capacity of crops. The saline water irrigation leads to salt accumulation in the vicinity of roots which results in reduced yield along with soil deterioration. Organic matter application can prove helpful in keeping the salt level low in root rhizosphere. To check the efficacy of organic matter in mitigating the harmful impacts of salty water irrigation on soil characteristics, this trail was conducted. The irrigation water of 3 different types (...
Zhi Yijin, Shao Mingqin* and Li Quanjiang
...lands and farmland after crops were harvested, where it ate vegetation (roots) or seeds. Shorebirds have narrow habitat niches, and are limited largely to shallow water areas. Of species pairs, the pied avocet Recurvirostra avosetta and Eurasian spoonbill Platalea leucorodia have the highest habitat niche overlap, as their diet and foraging pattern are similar; these two species reduce competition by foraging in different areas. Three small-sized...

Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Abdul Rasul Naseem1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Muhammad Khalid2, Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich3 and Muhammad Arif

...ith gypsum on rice-wheat crops under saline-sodic condition (ECe = 4.71 dS m-1, SAR = 31.82, pHs = 9.10). Different combinations of gypsum and humic acid tested were: T1 - control, T2 - gypsum @ 100 % GR, T3 - gypsum @ 75 % GR+ HA @ 15 kg ha-1, T4 - gypsum @ 75 % GR+ HA @ 30 kg ha-1, T5 - gypsum @ 50 % GR+ HA @ 15 kg ha-1, T6 - gypsum @ 50 % GR+ HA @ 30 kg ha-1. Yield data of each crop was documented at maturity. Results showed that growth and yield attributes...

Khalil Ahmed1*, Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Abdul Rasul Naseem1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Muhammad Khalid2, Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich3 and Muhammad Arif4

Use of Hyacinth Compost in Salt-Affected Soils
...m hr-1). Rice and wheat, crops were grown in the rotation. Data analysis showed that gypsum and hyacinth compost remarkably improved the soil SAR, pHs, ECe, BD, HC, growth and yield characteristics of rice and wheat crops, however at the same time use of gypsum and hyacinth compost in combination proved more superior to their sole application. Hyacinth compost @ 10 and 15 t ha-1 with gypsum @ 50 % of GR performed equally in ...

Kanwar Muhammad Raheel Mehboob1, Rashid Iqbal2*, Muhammad Israr3,4, Jaweria Shamshad5, Umair Riaz6, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman7,8, Fawad Ali9, Arif Nawaz10, Maliha Sarfraz11, Abdul Waheed12, Muhammad Tahir Khan13 and Muhammad Aslam2

 

Assessment of the Consequences of Heat Changes on Cotton Cultivars Growth, Phenology and Yield at Different Sowing Regimes
...e development of farming crops. All periods of phenology of crops are temperature sensitive. Hence, information on appropriate temperature for best yield is significant so as to get maximum production. In current examination, a field test was directed to evaluate the phenology, relative development, ideal sowing time, comparative growth just as yield execution of three cultivars of Bacillus thuringiensis Cotton (Bt. Cotton) ...

Safina Naz1*, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Bushra Siddique2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3*, Sajid Ali1, Hassan Sardar1, Sakeena Tul Ain Haider1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4, Hajra Azeem3, Sibghat Ullah5, Shah Pasand6 and Zehri Khan5

Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation Frequency on Growth, Yield and Heavy Metals Accumulation of Tomato and Okra
...ents of metal when these crops were cultivated with a repetitive application of the sewage water. The final result revealed that the metal concentration high in tomato and okra plant parts with decreasing irrigation intervals of sewage water.

...
Arif Alam1*, Faridullah2, Ikram Shah1, Shahzad Khan3, Noor Elahi1 and Ehsan Inamullah1
Estimation of Farm Level Technical Efficiency in Maize Production at the High Mountain North Region of Pakistan
...tly based on subsistence crops production. The ecosystem of mountain is fragile and tends to be relatively low productive due to number of factors. Therefore, the present study was aimed to know the opportunities of productivity due to improving the technical efficiency of maize crop, and to determine the factors which influence maize production in high mountains of Pakistan. For this purpose, initially two villages one from District Nagar and other from Distr...

Inam Ullah1, Mahfooz Khan2*, Munir Khan2, Himayatullah Khan2 and Azra3

Factors Affecting Different Wheat Varieties Yield in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis
...he output of three wheat crops varieties per hectare. Primary data were collected from 150 selected respondents randomly in district Peshawar. For this purpose, the effect of various inputs was separately analyzed using multiple regression model. The empirical results show that for Pirsabaaq-5 wheat variety, the effect of (weedicides) was insignificant. While for Pirsabaaq-8 wheat variety irrigation was found insignificant and for Pirsabaaq-13, wheat variety t...

Nadeem Abbas Shah1*, Ejaz Ashraf1, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Zaheer ud Din Mirani3, Usman Rafique1 and Raees Abbas Shah4

Assessing Perceptions of the Households-heads Regarding Food Security Status in Drought-hit Areas of District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan: A Case Study for Agricultural Extension
...or producing food secure crops and start awareness movements among the inhabitants of Tharparkar to revitalize the status of food security in the study area.

...

Zulnorain Sajid1*, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Noreen Akhtar1

Foraging Behavior and Pollination Ecology of Bumble Bee and Honey Bee in Pakistan; A Review
... insects of agricultural crops. Both genus Apis and Bombus are used for the pollination of vegetables, fruits and crops commercially. Honey bee can dispense 80% in insect pollination and considered as a best pollinator towards crop pollination, Bumblebee are more efficient and competent pollinator due to their buzzing behavior, efficiency to forage at low temperature, vibration to burst the pollen sac, high speed to flower v...

Zafar Ahmad Handoo1*, Mihail Radu Kantor1 and Ekramullah Khan2

Description of Seven New Species and One New Record of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes (Nematoda: Tylenchida) Associated with Economically Important Crops of Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Kashmir (Part-1 of the series)
...s of vegetable and fruit crops of Kashmir valley, Jammu and Kashmir, seven new species and one new record of following species were recovered: Helicotylenchus siddiqii sp. nov. from soil around roots of Glycine max L. Miller, from Kashmir University Campus, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir; H. fotedariensis sp. nov. from soil around roots of Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis L. from Zadibal, Srinagar, Kashmir; H. harwaniensis sp. nov. from soil around roots of Lyco...

Asif Ali Abro1* and Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar2

Impact of Various Factors on Crop Diversification Towards High Value Crops in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis by using THI
...n the diversification of crops towards high value crops, the Herfindahl Index (HI) was used to check the level of concentration or diversification in the structure of crops in Pakistan. The values of the Herfindahl index obtained as a result of the analysis indicate a high level of crop concentration and need to be diversified towards high value crops. T...

Saeed Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Habib ur Rahman1,3*, Tanveer-ul-Haq2, Mahmood Alam Khan4 and Arshad Mahmood5

Evaluation of Different Production Systems in Combination with Foliar Sulphur Application for Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Arid Climatic Conditions of Pakistan
...rease area under oilseed crops without disturbing the cropping systems. Climate variability is another emerging threat for current production and cropping systems especially in south regions of Pakistan having high arid climatic conditions. A study was conducted in South Punjab (30°1575 N, 71°5249 E) to evaluate the performance of sunflower production systems (nursery transplanted and direct seeded) and sulphur foliar spray (0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) on ...

Muhammad Tariq-Khan1*, Syed Zanib Ali Gardazi1, Abu Daud Ahmad Khan1, Muhammad Ilyas2 and Ishaq Ahmad3,4

Virulence and Distribution Trends of Root-Knot Nematode (RKN) Fauna on Summer Vegetables in District Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)
...s parasitizing vegetable crops. Host preference of M. javanica and M. incognita was detected in mixed field conditions as M. javanica preferred okra as host while M. incognita reproduced maximum on tomato. Common beans were found most susceptible host providing survival opportunity to RKN due its heavy intercropping with field crops and vegetables. Understanding regarding pathogen survival under adverse conditions will help ...
Amir Aziz1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Sher Muhammad2
Effect of Rice and Wheat Straw and K-Silicate Application on Maize Growth
...e of the valuable cereal crops consumed in Pakistan. Silicon (Si) ranked second in terms of abundance on earth surface and is very important for the growth of plants particularly under stress. Silicon is considered as quasiessential element for plant growth. The benefits of silicate fertilization are often correlated with the amount of silicon uptake by plants. In order to evaluate the growth and yield behavior of maize crop in response to different source of ...

Muhammad Yaseen1*, Muhammad Luqman1*, Zahoor Hussain2, Usman Saleem3, Asif Nawaz1, Tahir Munir Butt4 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1

Assessment of Knowledge Level and Information Sources of Vegetable Growers regarding Tunnel Farming in District Sargodha
...s were the highest grown crops in the study area. Variables of site selection, land preparation, and sowing of seeds got a quite satisfactory response. Replantation of nursery and distance between plants and rows of plants were also answered quite satisfactorily. Farmers do not know how to overcome the increasing attack of insects, pests, and diseases in tunnel farming. Some areas were identified, which require the attention of responsible authorities for the ...

Muhammad Javaid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1 and Muhammad Arslan Khan1

Role of Nanotechnology in Crop Protection and Production: A Review
...nsect pests of different crops, nanofungicides to control pathogens, plant diseases and nanoherbicides for the management of weeds. It also facilitate in precision farming, targeted use of inputs i.e. nanofertilizers and to overcome the environmental stress seed treatments with nanoparticles, to improve the crop yield use of smart gene delivery system. This technology can also be useful for sustainable water use and irrigation water filtration. It also plays a...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Shahzad Akbar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Mustaqeem2, Muhammad Luqman3, Ijaz Asghar4 and Muhammada Asam Riaz1
...structures, agricultural crops, orchards and forest plantations. Standard filter paper disc method was used for both toxicity and repellency bioassays according to completely randomized design. The response of termite workers varied with plant species, botanical concentration and exposure time. The extracts of Azadirachta indica (neem) and Nerium indicum (oleander) appeared to be most effective against the termites with minimum LC50 (6...

Sajid Khan* and Shahnaz Akhtar

Effect of Farm Labor Transformation on Households Income in Central Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ment for growing various crops and vegetables to enhance agriculture and rural development.

...

Muhammad Shahzad Akbar, Farrukh Sajjad, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Asam Riaz and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*

Field Evaluation of Promising Botanical Extracts, Plant Essential Oils and Differential Chemistry Insecticides against Subterranean Termites Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Termitidae)
...ve pests of agricultural crops, forest and orchard plantations and wooden infrastructures. A wide range of persistent synthetic chemicals are employed to prevent and control the infestations of subterranean termites. Most of these chemicals have high mammalian toxicity and environmental hazards. This study was, therefore, aimed to evaluate the efficacy of some promising botanical extracts (Dodonaea viscosa, Gardenia jasminoides and Nerium indicum), plant essen...
Muhammad Faisal Ayoob1,2, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Mansoor Ayoob4, Waseem Ali Vistro3 and Abdul Sattar Baloch3*
...se quails (50%). Major necropsy lesions observed were pin point hemorrhages in proventriculus, demarcated button-like ulcers of intestinal mucosa, hemorrhages in trachea and spleen. Histopathological lesions observed in proventriculus were erosions in epithelium, localized hemorrhages and congestion in the glandular region. In small intestine of affected birds, villi appeared hyperemic and ulcerated. Tracheal surface epithelium often showed discontinuation, th...
Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon, Randeep Kaur Aulakh and Tejdeep Kaur Kler
...2 tree species and three crops near the ponds. Avian species richness index was found positively correlated high with the occurrence of bird species in the habitat, rather than their individuals. The results of this study indicated that vegetation complexity in pond surroundings influenced the abundance and number of water dependent and terrestrial bird species directly and indirectly in agricultural habitats.
...

Shawaiz Iqbal1*, Nadeem Iqbal2, Usama Bin Khalid1, Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Adila Iram1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Muhammad Sabar1 and Tahir Hussain Awan1

Growth, Yield and Economic Analysis of Dry-Seeded Basmati Rice
... resource utilization by crops per unit area. Dry-seeded rice (DSR) is a contemporary resource saving crop establishing technique, which enables farmers to harvest economical rice production. Field study was conducted at Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Pakistan in 2014 and in 2015 to evaluate the different planting methods. Three dry-seeded rice (DSR) planting methods viz. (i) DSR-broadcast, (ii) DSR-drill, (iii) DSR-ridges were compared with the conv...

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Saleem2, Ali Aziz2, Irfan Rasool2, Zeshan Ali3 and Muhammad Amin2

An Update on Biology, Extent of Damage and Effective Management Strategies of Chickpea Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)
...f nutrition, use of trap crops (maize, sunflower, sorghum, safflower, pigeon pea, okra and tomato), installing animated bird perches and application of biological control measures (use of plant extracts, virus/bacteria based insecticides). In case of pod borer outbreaks, chemical insecticides remain as last option for farmers. However, management of chickpea pod borer through use of resistant cultivars, adopting recommended cultural practices and biological co...

Muhammad Shahid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1 and Kashif Razzaq3

Application of Nanotechnology for Insect Pests Management: A Review
...nd production of various crops i.e. vegetables, fruits, ornamental and field crops. In past decade, these insect pests had been controlled by the application of synthetic insecticides but due to the injurious application of these insecticides causes the development of resistance, environmental pollution, pest resurgence and unwanted effects on humans, animals and beneficial fauna. The pesticides residues remain in the differ...
Alam Zeb* and Amanullah Jan
...ng issue for agriculture crops. Adaptation of modern techniques and management practices in oil seed crops can reduce water shortage risks with optimum yield in oil seed crops. Sesame is being considered the most tolerant crop for avoiding drought conditions with higher yield. Experiments on “response of sesame to sowing methods, nitrogen and sulphur levels” were carried out in...

Junaid Ahmad1*, Shazma Anwar1, Anwar Ali Shad2, Fazal Yazdan Saleem Marwat3, Hamida Bibi4, Farhan Ahmad1, Wajia Noor5 and Bibi Sadia5

Yield and Nutritional Status of Mungbean as Influenced by Molybdenum and Phosphorus
...gumes are most important crops after cereals having provide a range of essential nutrients and nitrogen fixation for soil fertility particularly for the subsequent crops and yield productivity. In order to improve the nutritional profile of mungbean a study was arranged at Agronomy Research Farm, Agriculture University of Peshawar in summer season 2018. The objectives of the study is to find out impact of different doses of ...
Faiza Altaf1, Shamim Gul1,2*, Tasawar Ali Chandio3, Gul Bano Rehman1, Attiq-ur-Rehman Kakar4, Sami Ullah4, Naqeebullah Khan4, Umbreen Shaheen5, Muhammad Naeem Shahwani6, Muhammad Ajmal7 and Misbah Manzoor8
 
 
...educing soil toxicity to crops. This pot-based study investigated influences of wood-derived biochar and farmyard manure-derived (cow dung-derived) biochar as mixtures with air-dried poultry manure on the growth and concentration of heavy metals in edible tissues of tomato and lettuce. These biochars were separately mixed with poultry manure as 1:1 ratio on air-dry weight bases. Soil was contaminated with chromite mine tailing debris at 2% amendment rate (980 ...
Muhammad Hamayoon Khan*, Niaz Hussain Khuhro, Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Usman Asif and Raza Muhammad
 
 
...r pests of horticultural crops across the globe. In Pakistan, two fruit fly species, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and B. dorsalis (Hendel) cause severe qualitative and quantitative damages to various fruits. The present study was executed to record the population dynamics of these fruit fly species in guava and mango orchards with respect to meteorological factors using methyl eugenol-baited traps. The results revealed that population of both the...
Saba Shabeer1, Riffat Tahira2 and Atif Jamal3*
 
...ly important diseases of crops.Many species are included in the Fusarium genus, which are not only pathogenic to plants but also cause different diseases in humans and livestock.Apart from diseases, one of the most dangerous characteristics of this fungus is the ability to produce dangerous secondary toxic metabolites, which are commonly known as mycotoxins. Some of the important toxins produced by different species of Fusarium are...
Sheza Shehzadi1, Mohammad Umar Farooq2*, Rukhsana Kausar1, Ijaz Ali1*, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Maqbool Shahbaz4
...etting fame as bioenergy crops in maintaining food security alongside fulfilling energy demands. Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) has turn out the promising nutritious forage to the livestock on the sustainable basis, feedstock for biofuel and also has proven to be environmental friendly. The purpose of this study is to assess the biomass production of mott grass and its capability to sequester Carbon from the environment in the barani areas of Pothw...
Sana* and Abbas Ullah Jan
 
...er cutting and carrying, crops weeding, harvesting and firewood collection. Multinomial Logistic analysis revealed that a child’s age, gender (male) and school distance (more than walking distance) were found positively associated with a child’s involvement in agriculture. Household characteristics, such as head’s education, monthly income and ownership of agricultural land were important negatively affecting the determinants of child in...
Ahmad Abrar Khan* and Muhammad Idrees
... (59.1%) irrigated their crops in drought periods.In the majority of cases through wells/tube wells followed by canals, while one-third of total cases were only rain water-dependent. Further, more than 50% of the cases aphids, scale and flat-headed borer insect/pest attacks were reported on the apricot crop. Besides scab, brown rot and shot hole were reported by more than 60%, apricot growers.Regarding dormant practices, 65.2% apricot growers pruned their tree...
Javaria Sherani1,2*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani1, Tanveer Ahmad2, Sohail Kamaran3, Abdul Manan2, Tehseen Ali Jilani2 and Mateen Sajid2
 
...ike Pakistan. Major food crops are seemed failing to fulfill food requirements hence, it is imperative to search for alternate food sources. Ber could be very handy alternate food crop if its yield and quality is enhanced. Grafting is a widely used technique to improve yield, disease resistance and fruit quality. This work aims to assess the effect of grafting on production, fruit ripening, physical and chemical properties, and nutritional quality of the fruit...
Umair Riaz1*, Shazia Iqbal2, Muhammad Irfan Sohail2, Tayyaba Samreen2, Muhammad Ashraf1, Fatima Akmal2, Ayesha Siddiqui3, Ijaz Ahmad4, Muhammad Naveed5, Naveed Iqbal Khan5 and Rao Masood Akhter6
... to adaptation as arable crops i.e. lower prices, non-availability of transit markets, underdeveloped cultivation technology, poor availability of cultivation resources and genetic materials and many more. Therefore, MAPs can be cultivated and adopted to various geographical landscapes if facilitated by governments especially in the rural areas of low-income Asian and African countries.
...

Faheem Aslam1,*, Aneel Salman2, Inayatullah Jan3 and Sarah Siddiq Aneel4

...trade in water-intensive crops. Both governments can learn from each other and update their respective water policies in the light of these quantitative findings. 

 

...
Saima Siddiqui1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed 1Abdul Sattar Buriro2, Sohail Ahmad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4 and Muhammad Asam Riaz4*

 

... is one of the important crops of Pakistan and is attacked by many chewing and sucking pest. Chemical insecticides are used abundantly to suppress the pest population. The use of host-plant resistance is an alternative tool to control cotton insect-pests. The current research was aimed to identify the cotton physio-morphological marker to manage pressure of sucking pests such as jassid (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla Ishida), thrips (Thrips tabaci L...

Naveed Wahid Awan1, Asif Ali Abro2* and Ahmed Raza ul Mustafa3

... the production of major crops and land revenue in Pakistan.

...

Zafar Ahmad Handoo1*, Mihail Radu Kantor1 and Ekramullah Khan2

...s of vegetable and fruit crops of Kashmir valley, Jammu and Kashmir, ten new species including two new genera of following were recovered: Fotedaronema kashmiriensis gen. n. sp. nov., from soil around roots of Pyrus communis L. from Sonamarg, Parasicagutter chitwoodi gen. n. sp. nov., from soil around roots of Pyrus malus L. in Pattan, Kochinema pahalgamiensis sp. nov., from soil around roots of Brassica oleraceae from Pahalgam, Kochinema kanganiensis sp. nov....
Saqib Nawaz1, Sher Bahadar Khan1*, Umar Sadique1, Muhammad Israr2
Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Hameed Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Irshad5, Ihsan Ali1 and Haq Aman Ullah1
...tal of 50 animals were necropsied infected with C. perfringens type D. A total of 43 (86%) sheep were recorded having hemorrhages on serosa of intestine followed by gas filled small intestine in 41 sheep (82%), lesions in ileum and colon in 39 sheep (78%), soft kidney 27 (54%), dark congested liver 26 (52%), nephritis 23 (46%) and spleenitis 13 (26%). Microscopic lesions revealed a score of 10 of kidney tissue out of 15 while the lesion score of intesti...

Bushra Baig and Saeeda Yousaf*

...yield of okra and potato crops along with a healthier plant growth. The highest yield of Okra (52 kg) and Potato (272 kg)and their plant growth was recorded in plots sprayed with mix-biopesticides. It is concluded that biopesticide from these two plants could be utilized for their efficacy against various pests of okra and potato. Keeping the environmentally friendly nature of these biopesticide, compared to synthetic pesticides, it is recommended that more re...

Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Hamid Bashir2, Shah Najaf Mukhtar1, Muhammad Arshad1, Nimra Altaf1

...important pests of fruit crops, field crops, vegetables, and weeds. In the present study, extensive sampling was done to assess mites’ biodiversity in different citrus orchards of Kinnow, Musambi, and Feutrell’s early at tehsil Sahiwal Sargodha, Sillanwali, and Bhalwal of district Sargodha. Sampling was done at fifteen days interval to record the population dynamics and identification of citrus mites during 2018....

Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Abdul Waheed, M. Abbas Khan, Imtiaz Ahmad, Shamsul Islam, Basharat Hussain Shah, Sohail Aslam and Qamar uz Zaman

Muhammad Nawaz1*, Muhammad Dawood1, Kainat Javaid1, Muhammad Imran2, Fengliang Zhao3, Shahzadi Saima4 and Syed Tansir Hussain Shah2

..., growth and maturity of crops. In this regard, this study was conducted to examine the possible health effect of fluoride pollution in the form of sodium fluoride on the growth and physiological parameters of cotton plant. The cotton plants were grown in the pots. Six different concentrations of fluoride (3mg/L to 15mg/L) along with water as control were used periodically. At both harvests, maximum growth and physiological functions were recorded at 0mg/L tre...

Talat Farid Ahmed1*, Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah1, Ashfaq Ahmed Sheikh2, Hashim Nisar Hashmi3, Muhammad Atiqullah Khan1 and Muhammad Azeem Afzal1

...ized damages to standing crops in command area, and will ensure improved irrigation supplies in the Koh e Suleman (Pachad) area, enhancement in economic condition of the area, stable farming in the Pachad area and providing maximum use of flood water for agriculture to increase production and ultimately for socio-economic uplift of the area. The data regarding flood levels and topographic maps have collected from Irrigation and NESPAK departments. It is conclu...
Muhammad Afnan Rabbi, Iqtidar Hussain*, Ejaz Ahmed, Muhammad Saad and Aitezaz Ali Asad Shahani
...lay in harvesting kharif crops such as cotton, rice and sugarcane, compel the growers to sowing late wheat and due to this wheat production becomes low. A foremost challenge for crop production is to increase its economic yields in an endurable manner by improving fertility of the soil. Many struggles have been done to enhance the wheat productivity since last decade. Use of synthetic plant growth regulators with nitrogen supply seems to be fruitful in this re...

Imtiaz Ahmed*, Naveed Ahmed, Abdul Waheed, Muhammad Abbass Khan, Noorullah Khan and Fayyaz Ahmed

Saba Aleem1*, Iram Sharif2, Mehvish Tahir3, Muhammad Najeebullah3, Ali Nawaz1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Amina Batool1 and Waheed Arshad1 

...e a great threat for the crops production worldwide. This research was conducted to assess the genotypic variability and relationship of accumulation of glycine betaine, proline, chlorophyll contents, and cell membrane thermostability with yield in different cauliflower varieties under heat stress. Heat stress was imposed by early sowing of genotypes (in July as compared to September sowing). Under the early sown condition, the high temperature was experienced...

Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Abdul Moeez1, Humaira Ramzan1, Mudassar Hafeez1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Aneela Riaz3, Sher Muhammad4 and Muhammad Latif4

...s among few of the vital crops in Pakistan in terms of production, consumption, area under growth and export. Silicon (Si) is ranked second by its presence in soil. Si has not yet been classified as a essential nutrient for plants; although it has shown to be beneficial for plant development. Crop production is seriously affected by salinity worldwide. This research was performed in the research zone of Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences during the ...

Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Sylvain Nafiba Ouedraogo2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1

...etable and horticultural crops. This sporadic species is becoming an emerging threat to the potato crop in central Punjab and is being evidenced infesting potato crop in Sargodha, Faisalabad and Okara districts. This in-vitro study assessed the comparative feeding preference, food consumption and utilization rates and larval development of S. litura on different white and red skinned potato cultivars. Feeding bioassays revealed that all parameters including le...

Muhammad Yamin1*, Usama Ali Zafar1, Ghulam Usman2, Muhammad Nauman1, Muhammad Rizwan3, Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Azhar Ali1 and Usman Haider1

...ing off-season vegetable crops with high yield in a controlled environment. In the current study, the development and validation of IoT system consisting of monitoring and control units were carried out for controlling the environmental factors in tunnel farming. Three tunnels were set for monitoring the environmental factors using temperature, humidity and soil moisture sensors. Two of three tunnels were fit with control units of exhaust fans and air heaters ...

Shahinshah Khan1*, Aijaz Ali Khooharo1, Zaheeruddin Mirani1 and Velo Suthar2

...es of seed and vegetable crops, this study was carried out during 2017-18 in Balochistan province by interviewing 360 farmers selected from six districts of Balochistan applying multistage cluster sampling approach. Survey data further revealed that 34% farmers produced their own seed. Regarding source of seed, dealers (96.8%) and neighboring (88.8%) farmers were observed to be the major sources of basic seed for multiplication. However, 36.8% of the farmers r...

Amar Iqbal Saqib, Khalil Ahmed*, Muhammad Khalid Bhatti, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz, Muhammad Ashfaq Anjum, Abdul Rasul Naseem, Aftab Ahmad Sheikh and Belqees Akhter

...kish water on rice-wheat crops through practicable and economical methods in two different textured soils. Treatments were: (A) Types of soils. 1) sandy loam, 2) clay loam, (B) Remedial strategies, 1). canal water, 2) saline-sodic tube well water (continuous), 3) three irrigations of tube well water and two of canal water in a cyclic manner (short cyclic use), 4) tube well water + gypsum @ RSC of water, 5) tube well water+ canal water in 1:1 ratio (conjunctive...

Shaista Shafi* and Amjad Farooq

... significant. Early sown crops bore fewer aphid populations in contrast to mid and late sown crops. Therefore, it may be concluded that mid-October can be recommended for the farming of brassica crops.

...

Muhammad Sarfraz1*, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi4, Abdul Rasool Naseem1, Sarfraz Hussain1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1 and Muhammad Rizwan1

... used for cultivation of crops with appropriate management viz. chemicals like gypsum, H2SO4, calcium chloride, sulfur or organic additions like manures, muds, biogas slurry, composts etc. The marginal soils irrigated with saline water have deteriorated physical properties were improved with inorganic and organic amendments. Field studies were conducted at Kot Murad (district Hafizabad) to evaluate the different management practices for saline water in salt af...

Gulnaz Parveen1*, Naila Mukhtar2, Shumaila Irum3 and Nain Bukhari4

...e way most horticultural crops are handled. Hence, the proper identification of the causal pathogen is important before appropriate treatment can be made to control the pathogens. Therefore, In the present study, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria, Rhizopus, Mucor, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium moniliforme, Drechslera, Penicillium, and Geotrichum candidum were identified among various vegetables including potato,...
Arshad Ali1, Muhammad Nasir Khan Khattak2*, Muhammad Ali Nawaz3 and Shoaib Hameed3
...nfrastructure, damage to crops, and depredation on livestock. In northern Pakistan where large carnivores like common leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetinus), Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus)), grey wolf (Canis lupus), and lynx (Lynx lynx) often encounter humans and contribute to significant economic losses. The present study was conducted in Kalam ...

Sami Ul Haq1, Abid Hussain1*, Umair Riaz2, Muhammad Baqir Hussain1, Adnan Fareed1, Nabeel Ahmad Ikram3 and Fahim Nawaz3

...ompared to other oilseed crops. In addition to sulfur, Compost can enhance the availability of nutrients, resulting in increased crop yield. Adequate sulfur (S) supply plays an important role for improving seed and oil yield of sunflower. Oilseed crops require sulfur for oil contents and protein synthesis. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of S application, alone or in combination with Compost containing su...

Ahmed A. Kheder

...rticulture and vegetable crops production including strawberry plants. SLRSV was detected and characterized using serological (DAS-ELISA), biological and molecular diagnostic techniques. Virus incidence was performed in different locations in five governorates during 2018-2020. Forty-one samples out of 693(5.94%) reacted positively to SLRSV. Specifically, the percentages of infection were 7.3, 6.7, 5.4, 5.16 and 2.63% in El-Qalyubia, El-Beheira, El- Menoufia, ...

Sehrish Khudadad1, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Ahmed Zia3, Mian Sayed Khan4, Gulnaz Parveen5, Muhammad Kamal Sheikh6*, Falak Naz7, Muhammad Qasim8 and Syed Waqar Shah9

...ey and predators for the crops and various insects. They also spread human diseases. Ant fauna is poorly known in Pakistan. As Pakistan occupies an important biogeographic position and the taxonomic studies on ants of Pakistan are badly needed. During this study ant specimens were collected from different localities of district Mansehra. Total 28 species were identified under 16 genera of three sub-families, namely Camponotinae, Myrmecinae and Ponerinae. Subfa...
Asma Kaouachi1, Mohcen Menaa1*, Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah2 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi1
...were collected from bird crops. The biomass contained in the alimentary tract showed that fruits dominated the bird diet but the proportion of food items varied among seasons reflecting their seasonal availability in the study area. The pattern of seasonal variation of the diet was similar to most studies on wood pigeon diet. During the autumn and the winter; significant amounts of fruits of mastic tree Pistacia lentiscus and cork oak Quercus suber

Ahmed M. Soliman

...Survey of some vegetable crops exhibiting mosaic, yellowing, blisters, shoestring leaf, mottling and stunting in different regions of Al-Ahsaa at Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia was conducted during the spring of 2016 and 2017. The viral isolates were biologically isolated by single chlorotic local lesion on Chenopodium amaranticolor and propagated in healthy Nicotiana benthamiana. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase...

Zainab Iftikhar, Muhammad Arif, Iqbal Munir and Sajid Ali

...he crop duration of many crops including wheat, which necessitates exploration of diversity in crop duration parameters in wheat with particular emphasis on novel sources of genetic variation, including hybrid wheat. The present work was designed to assess the potential of Chinese wheat hybrid germplasm for cultivation across Pakistan. For this purpose, 416 hybrids were assessed for diversity in crop duration parameters in the year 2017-18 and a subset of bett...

Ameer Hamza1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor Us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Muhammad Luqman2,*

...ones and for other field crops will be required for future implementation.

...
Muhammad Khaled Siddiq1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,2*, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Muhammad Umar Ijaz3,Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1, Muhammad Asim1Asif Mahmood Qureshi4, Mahboob Iqbal4 and Muhammad Akhtar4
...Siwalik (Pleistocene) outcrops known as Pabbi Hills are well-exposed in the vicinity of Sardhok village, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. The locality yielded the typical Pleistocene fauna of the Siwalik Group in Pakistan. The fossils of Bubalus platyceros described in this article were excavated from the Pleistocene of Sardhok. The collected specimens represent some of the rarest anatomical elements of the species, found in Pakistan for the first time,...

Muhammad Madni Afzal1*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Amer Habib1, Waqas Ashraf2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan3, Muhammad Raheel2 and Qaiser Shakeel2

...that badly destroy onion crops, greatly reducing its yield and quality. Fusarium oxysporum is a very common soil-borne fungus that causes basal rot onion and it has the ability to survive in the soil for many years without having a host. Many fungicides are available in the market to control the basal rot of onion which contain hazardous material that continuously destroys the environment and human health. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the...
Aftab Raza Khan1, Azhar Abbas Khan2*, Javed Iqbal3, Arif Muhammad Khan4, Zeshan Hassan2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif2 and Umbreen Shahzad2
...lumped dispersion. Sixty crops of adult birds were analyzed for food contents in different seasons. Leaves, seeds and arthropods were highly consumed food contents in all seasons. Descriptive data analysis indicated a statistically significant value of p ˂ 0.05 between arthropod abundance and volume of arthropods in the diet of both adults and juveniles. Chi-square test (χ2) reflected a positive relationship between adult crop contents and d...

Kawa A. Ali1*, Sazar S. Noraldeen2 and Arshad A. Yaseen2, 3

...niques for two vegetable crops (aroma tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. and green pepper Capsicum annuum L.) in three different environments (open field, lath house and plastic house) to indicate the best method of chlorophyll estimation. After 80 days from sowing chlorophyll estimation was implemented first by nondestructive methods using SPAD (SPAD-502 Plus Konica Minolta Tokyo, Japan) and atLEAF chlorophyll meter (at-LEAF FT-GREEN-LLC Willington, DE, USA) inst...

Khaliq Dad1, Muhammad Nawaz2*, Muhamamd Ibrahim3, Fengliang Zhao4, Rumsha Hassan2, Humaira Nawaz5, Muhammad Usman Saleem6, Kinat Javed2, Ayesha Komal2 and Hajra Naz2

...e and chemical sprays on crops increase the Cd contamination besides some other heavy metals. Through nutrient cycling, it is taken up from the soil to plants and finally becomes the part of human body which warrants serious health concerns. Cadmium causes mild to severe effects on plants, animals and environmental health. Humans are exposed to cadmium through food, water intake, inhalation (cigarette) and dermal contact which then produces heart disease, kidn...

Nasir Mahmood Cheema1*, Ghulam Shabbir2 and Nazakat Nawaz3

...and quantity in oil seed crops are very much influenced by environmental conditions. Fatty acid composition of Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) reflects its oil quality. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to see the Pothwar environmental condition effects on quality of castor bean oil. For the purpose, castor bean oil (Ricinus communis L.) two years experimental data from the stand point of oil content and oil quality were collected and analyzed havi...
Muhammad Bilal Tayyab1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Sylvain Nafiba Ouedraogo3, Muhammad Luqman4, Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed1 and Mujahid Tanvir1
...ultural and agricultural crops all over the world. Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Psyllidae: Hemiptera) and cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae: Hemiptera) are destructive sap-sucking pests of citrus and cotton, respectively. Extensive use of persistent synthetic insecticides against these pests poses issues of environmental contaminations and health hazards and suggests looking for alternate biorational plant protection measures suc...
Ayu Suci Wulandari1, Siwi Indarti1,2*, Muhannad Illayan Massadeh3 and Nguyen Van Minh4
...sitic nematode in garlic crops, this research was conducted Sampling  was carried out in four locations: Brebes, Magelang, Tegal and Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia. Samples of soil, roots and tubers were collected. Soil abiotic factors are taken measurements such as pH, temperature, and organic matter. The altitudes are measured using the Geograpichal Positioning System (GPS). The results showed that there were five parasitic nematodes genera in garl...

Hasnain Raza1*, Maryam Maqsood2, Muhammad Muzamil Nazir1, Iqra Tariq1, Kaynat Ahmed1, Qurat-ul-Ain1, Ali Raza2, Huda Bilal3, Muhammad Bilal Shoukat1, Attiq ur Rehman1, Awais Rasheed1 and Muhammad Zeshan Gulzar1

...uildup in soils and food crops, as well as potential health hazards to humans from ingesting these foods.  Human health hazards are becoming more crucial as wastewater irrigation increases because exposure to a variety of toxins must be evaluated against the advantages to food security and livelihoods. By irrigating treated wastewater, the danger of human exposure to heavy metal contamination can be considerably minimized. Innovative solutions to this uni...

Amir Muhammad Khan1, Laila Fayyaz2*, Raziuddin2, Sajid Ali1, Israr-ud-Din1, Sheraz Ahmad2, Haidar Ali1 and Ijaz Ahmad2

...of the essential oilseed crops playing a significant role in commercial edible oil production. To determine diversity within this specie, ten different genotypes of B. napus L. including Chinese (CA-2, CA-4, CA-5) and doubled haploid lines from a population were field-tested at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar (UAP). Genotypes were examined for seven morphological traits including days to flowering, primary branches mainstem-1, plant height, main raceme...

Mukhtar Iderawumi Abdulraheem1*, Muhammad Ihtisham2*, Abiodun Yusuff Moshood3, Nawab Khan4, Muhammad Owais Shahid5, Shafiq Hussain6, Kumail Abbas6 and Fawad Zaman7

... productivity of organic crops. Okra is an important economic vegetable crop that can reach optimum production in the absence of fertilizers/chemicals application and produce promising yields within a short period. However, several elements along with pathogens, pests, and very importantly viral diseases, restrict the belief of these intended goals. The current experiment assessed the effects of mulching materials and weeding regimes on the severity and incide...

Farrukh Ilyas1, Durdana Qaiser Gillani2, Mudassar Yasin3, Muhammad Amjed Iqbal4, Iqbal Javed5*, Shahbaz Ahmad6 and Iftikhar Nabi7

...estock, fisheries, major crops, minor crops, gross capital formation, and economic growth in Pakistan. The data were taken from the Pakistan Economic Surveys for the period 1987-2017. The Vector-Correction Model results show that in the short run livestock and fisheries have a negative and insignificant effect on growth. The significant negative value of the Vector Error Correction Model coefficients shows that the parameter...
Madiha Nawaz and Shoaib Freed


...al plants and many other crops due to its polyphagous nature. A study was conducted to check the efficacy of different local isolates of entomopathogenic fungi on 2nd nymphal instar of P. solenopsis under laboratory conditions by immersion method. Three entomopathogenic fungi; Beauveria bassiana (isolates Bb-01, Bb-08), Metarhizium anisopliae (isolates Ma-11.1, Ma-2.1) and Isaria fumosorosea (isolates If-2.3, If-02) showe...

Asma Hanif* and Shahnaz Dawar

...ght and height of tested crops and reducing the nematode infection on roots plant.

...

Mohamed S. Khalil

...ctive pests to vegetable crops worldwide. Non-fumigant and/or fumigant nematicides, as well as biological agents are the most utilized tools to manage the root-knot nematodes (RKNs). Environmental and health defects were notice with using synthetic nematicides. Thus, in this work an attempt was conducted to provide alternative approach could be listed in control measures of RKNs. Two pot experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of the milbemectin on g...

Ayesha Khan1*, Asmatullah2, Urooba Perviaz1, Khalid Nawab1 and Mahmood Iqbal1

...d irrigation of selected crops. Organic farming is the dire need of the day; to overcome the excessive use of chemical fertilizers alternative methods are adopted to decrease use of fertilizers. One of the techniques for organic farming is EM-Technology. EM-Technology is used in addition with animal manure and other organic wastes effectively in agriculture. The universe of the study was Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The EM-Technology using 128 farm...
Ho-Seong Cho1 and Yeonsu Oh2,*
... loss and lethargy. At necropsy, the right middle lobe of the liver was severely affected by a tumor, and small tumor nodules were disseminated throughout the other lobes. The numerous tumor nodules were also found in the lung, stomach, kidney, heart and diaphragm, which were growing together, suspiciously metastatic, projecting, 5 to 40 mm in diameter and tawny to white in color. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of prominent papillary-acinar struct...

Samreen Khan*, Salma Javed, Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasira Kazi

...mical pesticides on both crops and human beings.
 
Novelty Statement | The present research effort was elaborated to conduct surveys and to ascertain the evidences of entomopathogenic nematodes from one of the southern districts i.e., Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
...

Muhammad Waryam Warraich1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Fakhar Mujeeb3, Muhammad Zeeshan Maznoor1, Aneela Riaz4 and Sarfraz Hussain2

... healthy growth of field crops potassium (K) is considered an essential element. Potassium activates many enzymatic reactions in plant body. The deficiency of bio-available potassium is pronounced throughout the world. In Pakistan due to dense plantation and minimum use of artificial potassium fertilization the yield and supply potential is diminishing day by day. The cost of potassium fertilization is very high and awareness for external nutrition of potassiu...

Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Umar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan2, Ijaz Ahmed3, Amir Manzoor1, Muhammad Saqib Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan Arif1 and Asif Nawaz1

...an were selected as test crops to evaluate the intercropping system in this region for the ultimate improvement of the net profitability of the farmers per unit area simultaneously not compromising with the food security and soil health. Different line spacing’s (inter and intra strip) i.e., 30, 60 and 90 cm were maintained along with different number of lines of pearl millet and mung bean i.e., 1, 2 and 3 in the form of strips for comparison. The result...

Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Umbreen Shahzad2, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Sami Ullah2, Muhammad Arshad Farooq2, Muhammad Kashan2 and Shitab Khan2

... serious concern for all crops and particularly for cotton, which has been a major export contributor of Pakistan. In this scenario, reduced tillage could be the best option. A field experiment was conducted during 2019 to study the impact of two tillage systems [reduced (10 cm depth, one tiller followed by rotavator) and conventional (20 cm depth, including disc plough, cultivator, rotavator, and levelling operations)] and five irrigation intervals (10, 15, 2...

Ijaz Rasool Noorka1,2*, Bilal Ahmad Khan3*, Kafeel Ahmad4, Zafar Iqbal Khan4, Muhammad Ather Nadeem3, Amer Nawaz2, Tasneem Ahmad5 and Humayun Bashir4

...source to irrigate field crops including fodder and forages. The studies showed the provisions of Iron (Fe) in feces, forages, soil, fodder and grazing animal’s blood data collect from the Sargodha, Jhang, Layyah and Bhakkar districts of the Punjab. Five sites, three animal’s (Cow, Sheep and Goat) and two origins (Blood and Feces) were selected. Standard samples preparation methods were worker to check occurrence of the heavy rock’s metals in...

Hera Gul Mohmmand1, Rozina Gul1, Hamayoon Khan2, Sheraz Ahmed1*, Laila Fayyaz1, Ajmalud Din1 and Imtiaz Ali1

...ize the yield of various crops, including chickpea. The current experiment was performed to assess the impact of phosphorus application on yield of 15 chickpea genotypes during the growing season of 2017-18 at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications under two treatments. One treatment was a control without phosphorous application, while the second treatment was application of phosphorous at a...

Raheela Naz1*, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Ana Aslam1, Qudsia Nazir1, Asifa Naz3, Abid Niaz4, Farah Rasheed1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Sadia Sultana1, Ifra Saleem1, Arfan ul Haq1, Muhammad Arif1, Aamer Sattar1, Sarfraz Hussain5 and Muhammad Adnan Rafique6

...ter quality and yield of crops, time and method of fertilizers application are the most important factors. Some growth stages are very sensitive, at those stages of growth; the addition of fertilizers is more responsive than others. In order to nutrients to become available when the plant needs them and to make maximum benefits, fertilizers should be applied at the right time. In this experiment, impact of fertilizer applying methods for nitrogen and potash at...

Ghassan Zahid1, Sania Begum2, Sikandar Almani3, Sahir Hameed Khattak2, Rajesh Kumar Soothar4 and Shakeel Ahmed Soomro4*

...f rust disease in cereal crops particularly in wheat. The experiment was conducted on fifty-two wheat lines comprised of forty-five double haploids of wheat along with seven wheat genotypes. Besides that, three positive checks and three SSR primers were also included in the study to check the durability i.e. Opata-85 Sr2/Lr27check, Pavon-76 (Yr-29/Lr-46) and Tukuru (Yr18/Lr34) respectively. The molecular markers screening results indicated that the primer Sr2/...

Noor Muhammad* and Shah Alam Khan

...e economically important crops of Pakistan and mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a serious threat to this crop. This experiment was conducted with an aim to screen out selected canola cultivars for their tolerance against L. erysimi infestation under glass-house conditions. Experiment was carried out using completely randomized design with ten replications for each treatment during growing seasons of 2018 and 2019. Data were docu...
Muhammad Faisal Riaz1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1 and Talha Nazir2
...ed on cereal and oilseed crops, while minimum was observed on loquat and citrus plantations. Moreover, maximum aphid population was recorded in the 1st fortnight of March in most plantations sampled. These results demonstrate the prevailing diversity of this economically important family of pest insects and would be helpful in future studies regarding their management.
...

Gülseren Kırbas Dogan1,*, Emin Karakurt2, Mushap Kuru3 and Hilmi Nuhoglu2

...varium openings. After necropsy, samples were taken from the organs, foreseen and routine pathological examinations were performed. Following these procedures, the calves were brought to the anatomy laboratory and anatomically examined. The most important result; in the mid-section of the sections taken from the existing structure other than the normal formation at the medulla oblangata and pons level in the brain, it was found that in the outer part of the me...

Muhammad Rizwan, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Arshad

...st of many horticultural crops including citrus. Population studies are important to understand the abundance, life history and estimating extinction probability. The present study was conducted in three localities (tehsils) of district Sargodha during 2017 to determine the population dynamics of D. mangiferae nymphs and adults on citrus plants. Results showed that the average population of mealybug nymphs (9.92 individuals per branch) and adults (14.55 indivi...

Riffat Sultana1*, Samiullah Soomro1 and Chuan Ma2

...e damage to agricultural crops where it exists. In past many of its sibling species were misidentified on morphological examination. However, DNA-based species assignments has now made it possible to overcome this barrier. In this study we present CO1 gene data set on the 6 species of Chrotogonus i.e. Chrotogonus (Chrotogonus) homalodemus homalodemus (Blanchard, 1836) with two forms: long winged form and short winged form, C. (Chrotogonus) homalodemus (Blancha...

Erum Iqbal*, Firoza Kazi and Saboohi Raza

...al pests of agricultural crops including wheat and cause quantitative and qualitative loss to crop production worldwide. They cause serious damage to many important agricultural crops and add to the problem of food security worldwide. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important economic cereal crop in the world and Pakistan stands in eighth position in global wheat production. The wheat crop is susceptible to several ...

Phassakon Nuntapanich1*, Hathaichanok Nuntapanich2 and Woraman Maicharoen3

...ove rice yields or other crops to be higher and stable without using any chemical; (3) Develop strategies and policies that act as a mechanism for driving society leading to organics farming production in the TKR. 

...

Muhammad Ismail1,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1 and Umair Abbas1 and Riaz Hussain2

...c pests of horticultural crops. This invasive species causes substantial economic loss to citrus produce each year in Pakistan. Farmers rely on persistent synthetic insecticides for fruit fly control. Insecticidal phytoextracts are biorational alternates to hazardous synthetic insecticides. This study evaluated the efficacy of aqueous extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), garlic (Allium sativum L.), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and lime citrus ...

Ghassan Zahid1, 2*, Sara Iftikhar3, Muhammad Umer Farooq4 and Shakeel Ahmed Soomro5

...traditionally cultivated crops. In recent years, the cultivation and yield of different fruit trees are declining in the country. The key contributors to the decline in fruit crop yield include abiotic stresses, biotic stresses, certain pathogens and nematodes, market devaluation and access, urbanization, poor gardening, poverty climate change, small landholdings, exogenous factors and managerial decisions, etc. So, to counter these fruit yield declining facto...

Barirah Rehman Talpur1, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1*, Imdad Hussain Leghari2, Mansoor Tariq1, Aisha Rehman3, Shahnawaz Kumbhar1 

... rabbits and broilers, necropsy findings included mild inflammation and discoloration of liver along with nephritis. While in broilers, toxic lesions were observed on mucus membranes of duodenum and proventriculus along with nephritis. Histological lesions observed in livers of both rabbits and broilers included dilation of central vein and sinusoids and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes. Kidney tissues of both rabbits and broilers revealed marked shrinkage of...

Junaid Ali1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Muhammad Ilyas3, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha4*, Muhammad Arshad5, Muhammad Akram6, Mina Kharal7, Ehsan Ullah1, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Fareeha Athar1, Ayesha Mustafa1 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

... the most valuable pulse crops in the world that is enriched with a good quantity of mineral and protein. Sowing methods and irrigation application are an important agronomic consideration to get maximum production of lentil crop. Therefore, this study was conducted in RCBD with a two-factor split plot to determine the impact of various levels of irrigation and sowing methods on the growth and yield of lentil. Crop was sown by three sowing methods; flat, bed a...

Abid Hussain1, Mubbashira Nazir2*, Saira Batool2 and Sidra Majeed1

... for groundnut and wheat crops through gypsum application, and adoption of micro-catchments for olive orchards and fruit trees in rain-fed Pothwar have been carried out. Socioeconomic characteristics of the adopter farmers have also been studied. The study is based on primary data that was collected from 110 sample farmers in the year 2018. It is found that adopters of the gypsum technology are more educated, having large family size, operational land and live...

Muhammad Bakhtiar1*, Fayaz Ali Niaz2, Asim Muhammad2, Mamoona Munir3, Wajiha Seerat4, Sadiqullah Khan5, Ghulam Yaseen6, Muhammad Noman Khan7 and Asma Bibi8

...e of N and S for the oil crops, so keeping in view this experiment was designed in RCB design with 4 replications (each has one control plot) in research area of agriculture university Peshawar. Two factor were studied in this experiment i.e. 5 N doses (40, 80, 120, 160, 200 kg ha-1) and 3 S doses (20, 40, 60 kg ha-1). Urea was used as source of Nitrogen and ammonium sulphate was used as a source of sulfur. After analysis of the data the results revealed that ...

Naseem Sharif1,2*, Imran Muhammad Siqqique2, Muhammad Kashif Raza3, Urwa Irshad1, Muhammad Ikhlaq Khan4, Ammara Noreen4 , Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi1, Mohsin Abbas5, Muhammad Maaz Aziz5, Sitwat Riaz5, Komal Aslam5 and Naseem Akhtar6

...rmers towards other cash crops, the specie is in high risk of extinction. In this study, sixteen naturally growing wild jujube accessions were analysed based on multivariate analysis. Significant diversity was counted for selected morphological and biochemical traits like leaf length (1.8-5.4cm), thorn length (0.6-2.9 cm), fruit weight (1.88-4.72g), fruit length (8.83-19.34mm), fruit width (11.03 -22.74mm), stone weight (0.32-1.09g), TSS (5.9-13.2%) and vitami...

Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Hamza Latif1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Gulfam Yousuf1 and Muhammad Afzal2

...pest of various economic crops. This species was first reported in Pakistan during 2019, and is now an emerging threat to Pakistan’s Agriculture. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a synthetic insecticide Chlorantraniliprole in comparison to different concentrations of single botanical, i.e., neem leaf extract @ (50 ppm and 100 ppm) against FAW larvae in maize. Our findings showed a significant effect (P < 0.001) of these ...
Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Misbah Rizwan2, Muhammad Arshad3, Muhammad Zeeshan3, Hamza Latif3, Usama Bin Khalid1, Shawaiz Iqbal1
...ious insect pest of rice crops throughout Asia. In case of a severe attack, the whole crop turns brown called ‘hopperburn’ and farmers face great yield losses. The experiments were performed to evaluate the planting geometry and nutritional effects on N. lugens abundance and yield attributes of the crop using susceptible rice (var. Basmati 515). Results indicated that planting geometries with more space (60 and 90 cm) after 12 lines with a uniform ...

Sajid Ali1*, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin2, Asad Ali Khan2, Dawood Ahmad4, Ikram Ullah5, Faiq Ahmad2, Sajjad6 and Sikandar Azam1

Najmul Saqib* and Himayathullah Khan

...s Rs. 0.240, quantity of crops under these systems was Rs. 39.174 and education was Rs. 8.987 which were positive and statistically significant. It was found that intercropping practice in comparison to boundary line plus intercropping was statistically significant.

...

Tooba Ather1, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid2*, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub3, Javed Iqbal2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Muhammad Akram2, Naveeda Anjum4, Muhammad Rizwan6, Hafeezur Rehman5 and Umar Farooq5

...ct pests of agricultural crops. It is polyphagous by nature and can feed on diversity of host plants. Different concentrations of Pyriproxyfen and Buprofezin are Insect Growth Regulator (IGR) were bio-assayed against 3rd instar of CMBat Integrated Pest Management Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during 2016. The results revealed that mortality of 3rd instar of P. solenopsis increased with increase in concentration of...

Peyman Mohammadzadeh1*, Aida Rasuli2, Bahman Noroozi Gorgani2, Sajjad Mohammadi3

...etermine. According to necropsy results, a male red kangaroo with a history of chronic neuro-ocular toxoplasmosis had an extensive mixed fracture of the posterior and base of the skull. Direct deep and countercoup brain bruises, independent fractures of the top and roof of both orbits, subdural hemorrhage with edema and shifting of the mid-line to the left, frontal lobe with severe hemorrhagic discharge in the ventricles, diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage and ex...

Rahmat Ullah Khan1*, Asif Sadam2, Karim Gabol1, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Sajid Mahmood4, Mustafa Kamal5, Hamid Ullah6, Syed Abidullah7, Muhammad Tufail8, Bashir Ahmad4, Gul Bacha Khan4 and Habib Ul Hassan1

...ing and cutting of local crops. Awareness about the protection strategy of skylark from egg laying till fledging is required among locals and farmers.

...

Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1

...ten traditional oil seed crops of Pakistan. The present study is aimed to compare the effectiveness of native honey bees and solitary bees for better seed production of sesame and future conservation of effective insect pollinators. The sesame crop was grown during two years (2019 & 2020) at the research farm of MNS- University of Agriculture Multan, Pakistan. Abundance and diversity of native insect pollinators, their foraging behavior in terms of visit d...

Muhammad Rizwan, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Arshad

...pests of different fruit crops including citrus. A potential strategy to be fitted in integrated management of mealybug would be the use of phytoextracts having insecticidal activity. The main objective of this study was to find out the toxic effect of various plant extracts against D. mangiferae. Three concentrations (i.e. 6.25, 12.5 and 25.0%) of leaf extracts of neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), eucalyptus Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtac...

Shahbaz Ahmed1, Mubeen Ahmad1, Muhammad Razaq1* and Farhan Mahmood Shah1,2*

... desired for use on food crops. Thus, alternative approaches such as biological and cultural control are more desirable. This research explores irrigation stress impacts on wheat aphids, predators, and yield characteristics under field conditions. The wheat crop was stressed at any of the tillering, booting, heading or grain formation stages by skipping irrigation during entire length of each stage. Unstressed wheat enjoyed irrigation at all four stages. Schiz...

Iqtidar Hussain1*, Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi2, Muhammad Jawad Nazir1, Ehtesham Ul Haq1, Faheem Abbas1 and Muhammad Saqib Raza Shah1

... (trees) surrounding our crops in the field is our focus in agroforestry. To quantify its severity, the phytotoxic impact of popular (Populus deltoides L.) leaves aqueous extract was determined in cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucumL.), bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench. Response of aqueous leaves extract was assessed through various agronomic a...

Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Javed Iqbal2, Muhammad Aslam3, Rizwan Latif4, Muhammad Arif5, Muhammad Tahir Akbar6 and Hafiz Husnain Nawaz1

...ostly common in few tree crops which is defined as low or no fruit yield during one year and high yield during the succeeding year. It is mostly occurred due to some climatic conditions, varietal genetic variability and some endogenous hormonal balance. Alternate bearing results into poor flowering, low pollination, low fruit set and fruit drops. All these factors are the climatic factors dependent which can be controlled by proper irrigation scheduling, prope...

Misbah ud Din1, Shah Alam Khan1, Said Hussain Shah1,2* and Najeeb Ullah3

...s in the yield of canola crops. It is essential to find out the management strategies of this pest for higher canola production. Synthetic insecticides and bio-pesticides are used to control L. erysimi. The present study evaluated the efficacy of different pesticides against mustard aphids in selected mustard cultivars under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in Split Plot Design with four treatments and three replications. The results showed tha...

Misbah ud Din1, Shah Alam Khan1, Said Hussain Shah1,2* and Najeeb Ullah3

...s in the yield of canola crops. It is essential to find out the management strategies of this pest for higher canola production. Synthetic insecticides and bio-pesticides are used to control L. erysimi. The present study evaluated the efficacy of different pesticides against mustard aphids in selected mustard cultivars under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in Split Plot Design with four treatments and three replications. The results showed tha...

Sajid Ali1*, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin3, Asad Ali Khan2, Sajjad Khan4, Dawood Ahmad5, Faiq Ahmad2, Maaz Khan2, Sikandar Azam1, Siddique Ahmad2 and Bismillah Khan2

Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Irfan Majeed2, Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman1 and Muhammad Asam Riaz1

...ltural and horticultural crops, forest plantations and wooden infrastructures. Farmers rely primarily on direct applications of liquid insecticides which usually get off the target site resulting in unsatisfactory and short-term termite eradication along with environmental contaminations. This situation necessitates looking for more target-oriented and ecologically safer strategies such as baiting insecticides with some cellulose attractant. In this study, 5% ...

Shomaila Sikandar1*, Imran Afzal1 and Sadaf Sarfraz2

...otoxins infect different crops and animal feedstock by accumulating in the food and feed crops in the field and during transportation, which leads to the huge economic losses. Presently about 300 types of mycotoxins have been identified, while, aflatoxins, fuminisons, ochratoxins, trichothecenes and zearalenone are the major mycotoxins infecting food and feed crops. Consumption of food con...

Gudeta Nepir Gurmu, Tade Bitima Mulisa, Alemu Lenco Gemechu, Kegna Gadisa Amena and Gemechu Nedi Terfa*

...is one of the leguminous crops that is rich in protein and essential amino acids. A field experiment was conducted during the 2019 cropping season consisting of eight (Bursa, Burkitu, Adi, Herena, Hortu, Letu, T/shaman, and Weyib) improved field pea varietiesand one local variety at west Showa zone Oromia region to identify high yielding varieties. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design with two replications at Babich, Goda Hor...

Sajjad Ali1*, Atta ur Rahman1 and Sher Ali2

...Yield, and Production of crops till 2050 in Peshawar valley. Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) were used to analyze the satellite imageries. The analysis showed a persistent increase in built-up areas from 1990 to 2020 as the built-up area increased by 57090 hectares. However, the barren land indicates a decreasing pattern of growth, decreasing by 102452 hectares in Peshawar valley. The analysis disclosed a consistent increase in the...

Olufemi Bolarin, Sijuade Adebukola Adebayo and Sola Emmanuel Komolafe*

...er (Mean=3.07) and cover crops (Mean=3.05). The result of regression analysis showed that coefficient value of farm size (p=0.017) and membership of cooperatives (p=0.013) positively enhanced resilience building used to mitigate the effects of climate change. The study further averred that inadequate finance, traditional belief, and inadequate access to new technologies were serious constraints encountered by yam farmers. The study recommends that government i...

Hafiz Qaisar Yasin1*, Dora Marinova2 and Muhammad Naveed Tahir3

...tion water of four major crops (wheat, rice, cotton and sugarcane) in Punjab. The study found that the average economic values of wheat, rice, cotton, and sugarcane crops are PKR 2.6/m3, PKR 2.4/m3, PKR 2.4/m3, and PKR 3.0/m3, respectively. These values are substantially higher than the current flat-rate canal irrigation water charging rates in Punjab. The research further indicated the need to enhance canal water charging r...

Ali Ahmad1*, Zubair Aslam1, Korkmaz Bellitürk2, Ehsan Ullah1, Ali Raza1 and Muhammad Asif3

...ed natural resistance in crops, making them more susceptible to disease and having detrimental consequences for the environment and human health. To address these issues, we must turn to ecologically friendly alternatives like vermicompost tea and vermicompost, which not only increase crop growth and production while lowering diseases and pests over time, but also protect environment and human health. Vermicomposting is the process of breaking down and stabili...

Qurban Ali1, Habib-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Abdullah3, Asad Aslam1*, Muti Ullah4, Ali Sher5, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Humaira Malik1, Muhammad Umar Qasim1, Muhammad Yasir6, Ijaz Haider1, Tamsila Nazir1 and Muhammad Jawad Saleem1

Azra Kalhoro1, Abdul Aziz Mirani2, Fozia Khan Siyal1, Tahira Jatt2*, Abdul Razak Mahar1, Sadia Iram3 and Muhammad Abbas Bhutto4
...for irrigating vegetable crops in peri-urban or urban areas of several countries including in Pakistan. Karachi, the metropolitan city of Pakistan, is the largest industrial and financial hub of the country with an estimated 16 Million population of multilingual, multi-cultural and multi-religious peoples. The current study was conducted to examine the accumulation of six heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, As and Hg) in cabbage, radish, turnip, cauliflower, and car...

Shad Mahfuz1,2†, Hong-Seok Mun1,3†, Veasna Chem1, Keiven Mark B Ampode1,4, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1,5, Hae-Rang Park1, Il-Byung Chung1, Young-Hwa Kim6, Chul-Ju Yang1,5* 

...bsp;

...

Madad Ali1, Muhammad Ahsan1, Muhammad Zubair Akram*2 and Samreen Nazeer3

...among the most important crops in the world for its nutritional value and productivity. Skyrocketing populations demand more food to consume without expansion in agricultural land which can be achieved by utilizing hybrid vigor. A field trial during 2018 was conducted at the University of Agriculture Faisalabad to screen out the best single cross doubled haploid hybrids of maize using eleven doubled haploid single cross hybrids. A randomized complete block des...

Irshad Ahmad1,2*

...n aquafeeds. Terrestrial crops can be used to substitutes a portion of the FM however; they can result in changes in the nutritional quality of the fish produced. Microalgae can be considered as a favorable alternative that can substitute FM and FO ensuring the principles of sustainability in aquaculture. Microalgae are reasonably rich in proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, pigments, etc., which are essential for not only sustaining fish healt...

Naheed Zahra*, Muhammad Qasim, Muhammad Azam Niazi, Muhammad Ishaq and Mubbashira Nazir

...ng cereal and other cash crops. Gram production in the Punjab is negatively affected by frequent unfavorable weather and disease incidences. Its production was found to be inversely related to the prices of wheat the major competing crop. This shows that as prices of competing crops increase the comparative profitability of gram decreases and hence its production decreases compared to competing crops...

Arif Mehmood1*, Muhammad Naeem2, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Nadra Khan3 and Waqas Raza4

..., forest areas, streams, crops, residential areas, and animal sheds were specified in Jhelum district. Surveys for the collection of mosquitoes were made and a total of 365 specimens were collected. These specimens were identified as Culex (9), Anopheles (6), Lutzia (2), Aedes (2), and Armigeres (2) and deposited in the Biosystematics Laboratory of Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi. Quantitative habitat webs and diversity indices show t...

Umair Faheem1*, Madiha Mobeen Khan2, Qurban Ali3, Muhammad Jamil4, Wajiha Anum2, Mashal Rehman2, Imran Akhtar2, Mussurrat Hussain1, Qaisar Abbas1, Ghayour Ahmad5 and Abrar Ahmad6

...insect pests of Brassica crops in Pakistan and throughout the world as well. Host plant resistance is one of the most useful tools for the management of aphids in Brassica crop. This trial was executed at the farm of Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Bahawalpur to report the impact of aphid damage on yield and yield parameters on Brassica juncea. Five varieties/strains i.e. BRJ-9070, BRJ-9072, BRJ-1004, BRJ-1104 and KP Raya were grown in two sets with ...

Manzoor Ali Magsi1*, Naimatullah Laghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, and Habibullah Magsi2

...t rotation but for other crops. Further experiments should be conducted to analyze the impact of deep tillage treatments on the tillage practices and organic fertilizers on soil properties, growth, and yield of the wheat crop.

...

Rao Mansor Ali Khan* and Syed Amer Mahmood 

...cise estimates of cereal crops incorporating physio-climatic factor that leads toward precision agriculture.

...

Y. Danso†, J. Adomako, K. Osei and B. Abugri

...nd damage to susceptible crops such as okra which follow maize in a crop rotation system.

...

Hira Anwar1, Muhammad Jabran1,3, Anam Moosa2, Usman Arshad2, Abdul Haseeb1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Burhan4, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed5 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*

...es that affect vegetable crops worldwide including okra. Among the RKNs, Meloidogyne incognita [(Kofold and White) Chitwood] is one of the major constraints to okra production. In this study, the effect of different bacterial strains i.e., Bacillus sp. MN54, Enterobacter sp. MN17 and Burkholderia. phytofirmans PsJN alone and in different combinations was assessed on plant growth promotion and inhibition of M. incognita infection on okra in a greenhouse experim...

S. Aatika, K. Nasira and F. Shahina†

...div>
its adjoining crops from Punjab, Pakistan. New species Filenchus maqbooli n. sp., characterized by small body with
short stylet and tail long, filiform has been described. Five new record species of plant parasitic nematodes viz.,
Helicotylenchus certus Eroshenko & Nguen Vu Tkhan, 1981, Helicotylenchus gulabi Jain, Siddiqui & Aruna
Parihar, 2000, Helicotylenchus jasminii Jain S...

S. A. Montasser1†, N. A. Mahmoud2, A. F. El-Mesalamy2 and M. A. A. Abdel-Mageed2

...on almost all the tested crops. According to rating scale
based on nematode reproduction, Lencoln and Victory cultivars of pea were considered as highly susceptible
hosts with (Rf) values 36.5 and 25.68 folds, respectively. While Maser-1 cultivar of broad bean and Bronco,
Exira, Giza-6, Polista and Savana cultivars of common bean were classified as moderately susceptible hosts to
nematode infection with (Rf) valu...

W.M.A. El-Nagdi and M.M.A. Youssef†

...ions were supported rest crops. It is concluded that use of poor or non host crops may be beneficial for
controlling root-knot nematode population densities in intensive cropping system.
...

Tariq Mahmood1*, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Sami Ullah1, Bilal Ahmad3, Zarmina Aslam4, Naveed Ahmad Khan5, Muhammad Shahzaib Tariq6, Muhammad Ali Raza6, Rana Usama Iqbal7 and Samia Zain8

...y bees pollinate various crops, fruits, vegetables, and nuts (Apis mellifera L.) is known to participate in foraging. Foraging behaviors in honey bees include seeking for food, recognizing and remembering the location of food sources, transporting and storing food, and interacting with other bees. The foraging activities of honey bee colonies connect them to their surroundings. As a result, several in- and out-of-colony factors impact this behavior. Foraging i...
Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel Alim2
...ty rate in 7th pch. At necropsy both IBD and NDV infection lesions were found in dead birds of all challenged groups. Chicken groups challenged by IBDV or NDV after treatment with Lector showed milder histopathological changes than Orego solution and non-treated groups showed the most sever lesions. Chicken groups challenged with both virulent IBDV and NDV either treatment with Lector® or Orego® solution or non-treated showed no marked difference in hi...

Tilahun Bekele* and Abebaw H. Georgis

...’s main seed spice crops. But its production and productivity are constrained by a shortage of improved varieties and poor cultural practices including seed rate. Therefore, studies were carried out in Andracha woreda of southwestern Ethiopia during the 2017 and 2018 major cropping period of year to identify the top-performing genotypes of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) in response to seed rate. The experiment composed of four varieties (Dirshaye, Darbe...

Nachaat Sakr

...ey and wheat are crucial crops in the dried Mediterranean area, there is insufficient information about their resistance to head blight infection and aggressiveness of Fusarium species. A 3-year (2019 to 2021) experiment was conducted under arid Mediterranean conditions to measure disease reactions, i.e., FHB incidence (DI, Type I resistance), FHB severity (DS, Type II) and FHB-damaged kernels (FDK, Type III), on barley, bread and durum wheat cultivars of vary...

Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Yasir Iftikhar2, Qaiser Shakeel3*, Hafiz M. Imran Arshad4, Maria del Carmen Zuñiga Romano5 and Sarfaraz Hussain6

...he major threats to rice crops worldwide. The causal agent of RSB is the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Finding appropriate management strategies to combat the disease to minimize rice yield losses and reduce global food security threats is challenging. However, scientists are still figuring out the best way to safeguard rice crops from RSB. Recently various pathogenesis-related (PR) viz. PR-3, PR-5, PR-9, PR-10, PR...

Kainat Bibi1*, Sajjad Khan1, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani1, Fahad Karim Awan1 and Sajid Ali2 

Muhammad Afzal1,3*, Shafqat Saeed1, Hasan Riaz1, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, M. Habib ur Rahman2

...use direct damage to the crops by feeding and indirectly by transmission of plant viruses that reduce the crop yield and quality. Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) management is difficult due to multiple virulent strains and higher recombination rate that is a serious threat to the cotton crop of the last two decades in Pakistan. Alternate host plants belonged to vegetables, weeds, and mixed farming practices helped the evolution of new viral and whitefly species...

D. S. Srivastava, M. Sehgal†, A. Kumar, S. Verma, B. K. Dwivedi and S. P. Singh

...areas of okra and tomato crops. Root-knot nematode infestation was found to maximum i.e., 60%. Moreover, other plant-parasitic nematodes such as Rotylenchulus reniformis,<...

Rehman Shabbir1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Noor us-Sabah1, Mukkaram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Luqman*2, Muhammad Fahad Ullah3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Imran Shahzad1

...ployed for irrigation of crops. The industrial state of Sargodha directly discharges its effluents that flow into a stream. This industrial wastewater was taken for this trial. The contaminants of the stream water were utilized for this trial to check its impacts on soil properties and growth of tomato plants. The physiochemical parameters of the soil such as pH, EC, organic matter, heavy metals and physiological parameters of the tomato plants were observed. ...

Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Luqman1*, Sheer Abbas2, Usman Saleem1, Abdul-Gafar Ahmed3 and Muhammad Salman Aslam1

...uctivity of major cereal crops is adversely affected due to weather changing conditions. Farmers have not appropriate resources to recover these gaps produced by climate changes. This study makes an attempt to check farmers’ awareness regarding climate. It also inspects the inferences of climate change on major cereal crops like wheat, maize and rice at district level. It is expected that majority of

Amber Khalid1*, Amjad Rashid Kayani1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1, Muhammad Mushtaq1, Mirza Azhar Beg1 and Surrya Khanam2

...and causes damage to the crops in Pakistan including Pothwar. Information about the diet of the rodents is prerequisite for the better management of pest species. Previous studies conducted on the diet of Indian gerbil were only based on field observations. This study provides information on the diet analysis of Indian gerbil through stomach contents. Samples were collected from different localities of Pothwar during different seasons. Stomachs were separated ...

Riaz Hussain1*, Ata-ul-Mohsin1, M. Farooq Nasir1, Zahid Akram2, Muhammad Sajid Qureshi1 and Abdul Mannan Hamzah1

...t herbivores of brassica crops. Globally efforts have been undertaken to develop integrated management strategies for its control, based principally on manipulation of its parasitoids including Diadegma insulare. The research study was conducted to investigate the effects of two cabbage varieties on fitness parameters (i.e. percent parasitism, offspring sex ratio and developmental periods) of Diadegma insulare, a larval parasitoid of Plutella xylostella. All e...

Muhammad Ismail1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2, Zarina Qasim3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*

...c pests of horticultural crops. They infest and destroy a wide range of fruits. Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel is an emerging threat to the export of Pakistani citrus fruits to overseas markets. Integrated pest management (IPM) is an appropriate and sustainable strategy for controlling fruit flies as it is based on integrated application of all available pest control methods with minimum implication of hazardous synthetic insecticides. In this study, five treatmen...

Muhammad Afzal Naeem1*, Muhammad Hassaan Khan2, Tahmina Nazish3, Uzma Bashir4 and Midrarullah5

...tion of cotton and wheat crops constitutes the major cropping pattern in Pakistan. Current study was undertaken to investigate the allelopathic effect of the post-harvest remnants of cotton crop on the germination and growth parameters of successor wheat crop. Experiment was laid down in complete randomized design. The seeds (n=10) of Triticum aestivum L. were placed in each replicate and treated with aqueous extracts from various parts of G. hirsutum (root, s...

Bismillah Khan1*, Muhammad Mehran Anjum1,2*, Maaz Ullah1, Izharullah1, Aftab Ahmad3 and Jawad Akbar1

...rious threat to our main crops. A study was carried out on “Evaluation of weeds density for local and Chinese lines in northern Pakistan under different sowing intervals” during winter season 2020-2021. The experimental design was used randomized complete block (RCB) with split plot arrangement replicated thrice. Treatments were consisted of sowing dates (1st November, 16th November and 1st December 2020) and wheat lines (MY409-4, MY1617, MY1416, M...

Behari Lal Meghwar1*, Attaullah Khan1, Imran Ali Lakhiar1, Asif Ali Mirani2, Muhammad Siddique Daper1 and Muhammad Waseem Kalroo

...rimary producer of chili crops. In this area, the chili is being usually dry under the open sun (T3) or traditional method; this practice has many drawbacks and leads to poor quality. A study was planned to find an alternative chili drying method for the study area. To achieve the desired goal, we considered two different drying methods, solar tunnel (T1) and solar cum gas (T2), and compared the rate of reducing the moisture over time with T3 method. The T1 an...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1,  Muhammad Arshad2, Sohail Akhter3
Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Rizwan1, Muddassir Ali1 and Arshad Makhdoon Sabir1
...ct pests in agricultural crops since long. An assay was designed to evaluate the efficacy of λ cyhalothrin on biological parameters of generalist predator, Coccinella septempunctata. Results indicated that λ cyhalothin has no significant impact on developmental life stages of larvae of ladybird beetle but it significantly reduced the span of total adult longevity (30.8 to 26.91 d), female adult longevity (31.5 to 27.79 d), and male adult longevit...

Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Mudssar Ali1*, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1

...xandrinum and other seed crops in South Punjab, Pakistan.

...

Abdul Hassan1*, Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Ghulam Sadiq2 and Asif Nawaz3

...ted to sale of perennial crops and sale of livestock. The study suggested for sustainable smallholder agricultural development programs along with farmers’ facilitation by giving interest free loan and digitalization to update timely information regarding weather and markets for improving rural livelihood.

...

Sumbal Nazir1*, Farkhanda Manzoor2, Ishrat Perveen3, Anum Rana2, Irum Naureen1, Abad Ali Nadeem3 and Hafiza Najma Naeem2 

...tant pollinators of food crops. Honeybee plays an essential role in pollination of commercial crops. Some viral, bacterial, protozoan, and fungal pathogens are attached on the honeybees worldwide. These pathogens affect the honeybee population by creating disease in it, which also effect the economy of country. It destroys the honey production and causes a subsequent reduction in the crop yield. In this present work, we isol...

Muhammad Usman Shafi1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1*, Tiyyabah Khan2, Waheed Anwar2, Adnan Akhter2 and Muhammad Zubair3

...increasing high yield of crops and for controlling pests of different crops. The excessive use of pesticides with poor knowledge about pesticide handling, disposal, storage and Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) during operation leads to health problems of human, increase resistance against pests with negative effects on the environment. The purpose of this survey was to check the knowledge about pesticide uses, risks and s...

Imtiaz Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad1, Ahmad ur Rahman Saljoqi1, Shah Alam Khan1, Javed Khan3 and Muhammad Azim Khan2

...ov from fresh and ratoon crops of the year 2020 and 2021, respectively. The leaves (top, middle, and bottom) of five plants in each subplot was observed randomly for data collection every fortnight in all replications. The total mean population of Pyrilla perpusilla (eggs cluster and nymphs/adults) was recorded from the leaves of the plants. The experimental results were of the view that could be used to conclude the research that the different varieties have ...

Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Waqar Younus1, Qaiser Shakeel3, Yasir Iftikhar2*, Sonum Bashir2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2 and Azhar Hussain1

...onsiderably affecting GB crops. These diseases and pests can jeopardize GB’s food supply if not monitored regularly. The consequences of these biotic agents range from minor symptoms to catastrophic events that destroy whole fields. Plant protection units are needed to tackle these challenges to prevent future outbreaks. Herein, we describe significant diseases and pests that are catastrophic to GB’s crops in the...

Munir Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Riaz Hussain2* and Rifat Ullah Khan3*

...n maize and other cereal crops. Pymetrozine may contaminate nearby aquatic ecosystems as a result of widespread and long-term use, causing harm to a variety of creatures. The residues of this pesticide can have devastating effects on various species, as well as public health, if they enter the food chain. Pymetrozine’s toxicity in freshwater fish was the main focus of the current study. For this reason, 80 fish were collected and placed separately in fou...

Ikram Ullah1, Zaib Ullah2*, Junaid Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1, Zafar Iqbal3 and Naveed Akhtar2

...oth valleys. Agriculture crops destruction was documented as a common conflict issue (92%), followed by livestock predation (90%), and human casualties (85%). Maiz was frequently raided crop (50%) followed by fruits and vegetables (27.1%, 22.6%). Goats were the most (47.61%) predated animals, followed by sheep and cattle (37.14%, 12.38%). Human casualties were rare and mostly accidental, while victims often experienced deep injuries. Local communities faced an...

Saqib Mehmood1, Bushra Allah Rakha1*, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari2, Ali Akhter1, Nadeem Munawar1 and Tariq Mahmood1

...equent growing stages of crops.

...

Abdur Rauf1*, Muhammad Jawad1, Farooq Jan1, Muhammad Qayash2, Muhammad Yasin4, Samrin Gul5, Wisal Khan3, Ikramullah Khan1, Farkhanda Bibi1, Wajid Khan6, Tanweer Kumar6, Muhammad Arif6 and Khilwat Afridi7

... of the important staple crops of the world. Its grain yield is affected by various factors including genotype and planting time. An experiment was conducted to study the yield performance of 10 different wheat advanced genotypes (PR-133, PR-135, PR-136, PR-137, PR-138, PR-139, PR-140, Khaista-17, Gulzar-19 and Pirsabak-19) at different sowing times of 15-days interval. A pooled analysis across the same environment revealed a significant difference (P ≥ 0.0...

Komal Javed1, Sohaib Muhammad1*, Zarghaam Khan1, Sehar Fatima1, Hassan Nawaz1, Mahrukh1, Tahira Khalid1 and Shariat Ullah2

...heat, rice and sugarcane crops of Tehsil Muridke, District Sheikhupura, Pakistan. Sampling was done randomly with the help of a quadrat method (1m2). For each crop, sixty quadrats were taken from each village i.e., twenty quadrats from each selected site. The data was gathered after every fifteen days during the course of crop. For the determination of Importance Value Index (IVI) percentage frequency, density and percentage cover were determined. A total of 1...

Yuliaty*, Brigida A. Correia, LigiaT. Correia, Joao Americo, Mateus Da Cruz De Carvalho, Joana da C. Freitas 

...intensive as staple food crops such as rice, corn and other popular food sources. Many technological innovations to produce high sorghum crop productivity have been produced such as using fertilizer and planting distance set. The research aims to investigate production potency of sorghum which cultivated with vary of level fermented organic fertilizer (FOF) and planting distance. The research was conducted at Titilari Lospalos Village, Lautem, East-Timor, star...

Karamat Shah1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Zaib Ullah2*, Rashid Ali Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1, Naveed Akhtar2 and Muhammad Naeem Awan3

...cial defense, damages to crops is increasing or the opinion that wildlife causes threats to human safety, health, food, and property. The current study was conducted from June to November, 2018, at Saiful Mulook National Park Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this purpose, 22 villages were selected in and around the park where the population of the wildlife was high. For the study purpose, questionnaire based survey and interview were conducted. In the study a...

Afifatul H.A. Adilah1, Junun Sartohadi2* and Suci Handayani1

... been cultivated as intercrops in most dry-land agricultural fields by many people for different purposes of income generation. The differences in canopy characteristics between the two plants significantly affect the production of runoff. Field evidence is needed to support it as a suitable plant for soil and water conservation efforts. The study was conducted using a field survey method equipped with soil characteristic measurements in the laboratory. The da...

Muhammad Noman Khan* and Ghulam Nabi

...owth and yield of citrus crops. Therefore, for the possible solution the current study Potassium fertilizer source and timing regulate growth, flowering and yield in trees of sweet lime (Citrus limetta L.) was conducted during the year 2019. Experiment was laid out in RCBD split plot arrangement with 2 factors and 3 replications. Potassium sources (Potassium chloride (KCl), Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) and Potassium nitrate (KNO3) were applied on different dates ...

Nadeem Akmal1, Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Yousaf2, Waqar Akhtar1 and Hassnain Shah1

...ventionally transplanted crops by 12.23 and 10.56 percent, respectively. In case of Basmati 386, benefit-cost ratios of crops sown through mechanical and conventional methods are 1.40 and 1.28, respectively. Similarly, for Basmati-Super benefit-cost ratios of crops sown through mechanical and conventional methods are 1.44 and 1.33, respectively. Furthermore, MTR can be adopted on all soil ...

Bdour Muhammed Al-Shweily1*, Jawad Bulbul Al-Zaidawi2, Muhammed Jubair Hanawi1 

...nomic losses in cucurbit crops, lays its eggs in the fruits and feeds on them. Consequently, extensive studies and experiments have been undertaken to identify optimal methods for its control. Due to the adverse effects of chemical pesticides on consumer health, particularly human health, the pursuit of alternative safe measures has been paramount. Among the prominent alternatives, biological control has garnered attention, wherein environmentally safe organis...

Muneer Abbas1*, Sohail Abbas2, Imran Faraz3, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Zubeda Parveen1, Muhammad Nadeem1, Sana Ullah4* and Malik Akhtar Iqbal5

...ize understanding pests, crops, and the environment. Rather than seeking complete pest eradication, the primary objective should be to manage pest populations at acceptable levels. This review article underscores the significance of (IPM) integrated pest management for farmers as an economically and ecologically sound methodology of pest control. It emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive understanding of pest dynamics, crop behavior, and environmental fa...

Nusrat Habiullah1*, Shah Nawaz Kumbar1, Fahmida Parveen Samo1, Shamusuddin Bughio2, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Burirah Rehman Talpur1 

... and creatinine. After necropsy examination, the liver and kidney samples were collected for gross and histopathological examination. The mild clinical signs like reduced feed and water intake, and weight loss in group C, D, E and F was noted; whereas diarrhea, muscular tremors, and lethargy were observed in group C and D. Significantly increased (p <0.05) GGT, bilirubin, creatinine and uric acid levels were recorded in C and D (lead toxicity groups), as c...

Waseef Ullah Khan*, Yasser Durrani and Muhammad Ayub

...popular, and vital fruit crops in tropical and subtropical regions. Its renowned taste is celebrated worldwide, whether enjoyed fresh or in processed forms. This research was undertaken to assess the efficacy of employing both natural olive leaves extract (OLE) and minimal chemical preservatives (sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate) for preserving mango OLE blend over a 90 days period. The findings demonstrated that the inclusion of OLE effectively preserved...

Umar Salisu Ahmad1, Adamu Abdul Abubakar1,2*, Hassan Abubakar Bodinga1, Nura Abubakar1, Ekaete Ime Oviawe1, Zaid Shehu3, Abubakar Musa Mayaki3

...cass was submitted for necropsy examination. In case II, a whitish ocular mucous membrane was observed, reduced rumen motility, bilateral ocular discharge, foamy salivation, and labored breathing were observed. The prescapular and submandibular lymph nodes were enlarged, and a hard mass was palpable on the distended abdomen. Rectal examination revealed hard rectal feces in rectum were found. The rectal temperature was subnormal (35.4 oC), respiratory rates wer...

Iftikhar Ahmad1, Tahir Saeed1, Umair Faheem2*, Qaisar Abbas2, Muhammad Saleem Akhtar Khan3, Mussurrat Hussain2, Tanveer Ahmad4, Gulzar Akhtar4, Asifa Hameed5, Muhammad Hasnain6 and Muhammad Jamil7

...rketing of horticultural crops is affected by the feeding of thrips on plant tissues. Thrips commonly feed upon the gladiolus and different vegetative and floral parts of gladioli are attacked by them. Application of chemical insecticides provides effective control of insect pest in short period of time. The present investigation was carried out on Jasminum sambac against flower thrips for efficacy of insecticides. To conduct this experiment, six insecticides ...

Siddique Ahmad1*, Basit Ullah1, Sajid Ali2, Ali Zaid1, Zeeshan Ahmad3, Muhammad Usaid1, Muhammad Zeeshan1 and Saif Ullah3

...-align: justify;">Cereal crops have been the backbone of national agriculture for decades, as they are major staple food crops. Crop nutrients major sources are organic, inorganic and bio-fertilizers. Supplementation of beneficial microbes with organic and inorganic fertilizers is a feasible technology to improve wheat productivity. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of organic sources (OS) and inorganic...

Ikramullah and Inayatullah Jan*

... significantly for major crops, viz., wheat (16.7 kanal), maize (14.5 kanal), and rice (1.71 kanal). The results of the paired t-test revealed a significant increase in the mean differences of wheat, maize, and rice, after the implementation of OFWM practices as shown by p<0.05 for these crops. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the OFWM component of the FWRDP has a greater role in expansion of irrigated land in ...

Ehtesham Khan, Talha Ahmed, M. Irfan Anis* and Syed Ahsan Rehman

...o cultivate high quality crops while gathering continuous data and use this data to further improve the quality and production. Sensors are used for the continuous monitoring of temperature, humidity and light Intensity. These sensors data is updated every minute (up to user) to achieve real-time monitoring of the plant’s environmental conditions. There is also an incorporation of Deep Learning algorithm named Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for monit...

Muhammad Luqman1*, Muhammad Talha Shoaib1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Umair Safdar2 and Hassan Raza2

...ticides to protect their crops from diseases and insect pest attacks. In this perspective, current study was designed to explore negative consequences of pesticides applications on human health and environment in district Sargodha. A cross sectional survey method using convenient sampling was adopted for this research and data was collected from 300 respondents with the help of structured interview schedule. The results revealed that all the respondents (100%)...

Danish Kamal2, Muhammad Abbass Khan1, Ghulam Mujtaba-Shah1, Naveed Ahmed1, Maryam Iqbal¹, Basharat Hussain Shah1 and Imtiaz Ahmed1*

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1*, Ali Zachi Abdul Qadeer Alhilifi2, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Tehniyat Naz Shah3 and Touseef Ahmed1

...ct pests of agricultural crops due to its polyphagous nature. The plants on which it feeds possess variable chemical and physical properties which may influence its biology particularly for growth and reproduction. This study evaluated the growth and fecundity of S. frugiperda on artificial diets. The FAW larvae were reared on two distinct composed artificial diets (bean D1 and chickpea flour D2) and one natural diet D3 (fresh and healthy maize leaves). In bot...

Nusirat Aderinsola Sadiku1, Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi2* and Tesleem Taye  Bello

...ral insect pests of many crops but its nematicidal potential is yet to be fully determined. We, therefore, investigated the nematicidal activities of Bamboo Pyroligneous Liquor in managing root-knot nematodes of Lactuca sativa in greenhouse trials. Bambusa vulgaris biomass was carbonised at 500 oC in a locally fabricated pyrolizer with automatic temperature control to obtain the Bamboo Pyroligneous Liquor (BPL). Two weeks old lettuce plants were inoculated wit...

Abdul Aleem Memon1*, Inayatullah Rajpar2, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2, Javaid Ahmed Shah3

...plied to majority of the crops, including sunflower. However, recent studies have shown that the sunflower is becoming more responsive and exhibiting superior growth and yield with the addition of K. To determine the impact of K fertilizer sources on the growth and development of sunflower seedlings on artificially established calcareous soils, we carried out a pot study. The experiment included two K sources, sulphate of potash (SoP), and muriate of potash (M...

Ahmed, AmalA.; Zein, Salwa N. and Khatab, Eman A. H.

...hed 75% in some apiaceae crops and many of the infected plants were unfit for marketing. It is suggested that control of the disease may be achieved by introducing a celery-free period to break the cycle of virus transmission between successive crops. This work records of the first time the prescience of this disease in Egypt.

...

A-New-Whitefly-Transmitted-Geminivirus

...vere damage to different crops in Egypt. Geminiviruses often occur in mixed infections, and it is difficult to diagnose such mixtures by biological properties. Two types of yellow leaf curl symptoms were collected from tomato plants grown at different locations in Egypt. The collected plants were subjected to biological analysis, the viral causal agent vector of the two types of symptoms was found to be Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Based on diagnostic host spec...

Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu1*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon1, Sachin Kumar1, Tejdeep Kaur Kler1 and Anureet Kaur Chandi2

...nding to Rabi and Kharif crops. Results have shown that foraging frequency of black drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus) was the highest followed by green bee-eater (Merops orientalis), wire-tailed swallow (Hirundo smithii), common swallow (Hirundo rustica) and house swift (Apus affinis). Study results have highlighted the biocontrol potential of insectivore avian species along with relevance of ponds in agricultural habitats.

...

Yaseen1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Maryam Begum3, Sumbal Bibi3, Umber3, Namra3, Abbas Khan4, Shumaila Gul5 and Raheela Taj6

...esticides to protect its crops. The use of pesticides has substantially increased in Pakistan over the last decades, which when reach the water bodies, adversely affect the rich biodiversity found in aquatic systems of Pakistan. This review discusses research over past decades regarding toxic effects of pesticides induced in edible freshwater fishes of Pakistan and future considerations.

...

KAFEEL AHMAD1, ROBINA KOKAB1, ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, ASMA ASHFAQ1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, MUDASRA MUNIR1, MUHAMMAD SHER2, KINZA WAJID1, HASFSA MEMONA3, MADIHA SANA3, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA4, MAHPARA SHEHZADI5, MUHAMMAD NADEEM6, TAHIR MAHMOOD QURESHI6, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD7, ABID IJAZ1, BUSHRA HUMA1, IFRA SALEEM MALIK1, KHALID NAWAZ8 ILKER UGULU9 &YUNUS DOGAN9

...l of heavy metals in the crops. Concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cd, Co, and Fe) in soil, water, and wheat grains using different treatments of wastewater and ground water were determined in present pot experiment conducted in Sargodha, Pakistan. The current study also focused on the evaluation of bioconcentration factor and pollution load index of the contaminated soil. Most of the metals observed in wastewater were present above the pe...

SEHRISH MUSHTAQ1, MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ1, MUHAMMAD ASHFAQ*1 FAIZA KHAN1, SOHAIB AFZAAL1, UMMAD HUSSAIN1, MUBASSHIR HUSSAIN1, RASHID MUKHTAR BALAL2 & MUHAMMAD SALEEM HAIDER1

...i which causes losses to crops. A total of twelve strains were identified based on morphological and biochemical tests following Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. The antagonistic potential of bacterial endophytes to A. solani was explored using the agar absorption method. This study showed the antifungal potential of Pantoea sp. (35.66%), Ensifer adhaerens (35.33%), Citrobacter diversus (33.03%), and Azotobacter nigricans (31.56%) to check the...

ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, KAFEEL AHMAD1, HAREEM SAFDAR1, KINZA WAJID1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, KHALID NAWAZ2, MAHPARA SHEHZADI3, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA4, MUDASRA MUNIR1, IFRASALEEM MALIK1, ASMA ASHFAQ1, HIRA MUQADDAS5, HAFSA MEMOONA6, MADIHA SANA6, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD7, SAIF UR REHMAN8 & TASAWAR ABBAS8

...hat pollute the soil and crops. In this regard, an experiment was carried out at Department of Botany, University of Sargodha to evaluate the possible health risks of heavy metals in forages. Forages both forsummer and winter were grown with different water treatments (sewage and tap water). The concentration of cadmium in water, root and forage samples was determined. Moreover, bioconcentration factor, pollution load index, daily intake of metals and health r...

KHALID MAHMOOD1*, HAFIZA SAMAN AKRAM1, ZAHEER AHMED2, MUHAMMAD ADEEB BABAR1, SAYYED GHYOUR ABBAS1, MUHAMMAD ASIM1, MUHAMMAD AKBAR KHAN1 & MUHAMMAD AKHTAR3

...re recovered from the outcrops of Hasnot village of the Dhok Pathan Formation in District Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan. The fossil includes dental material which consists of upper premolars and molars. Based on morpho-metry, the specimens were assigned to Pachyportax latidens. The fossils provide an evidence for the existence of the large sized animals in Pakistan during the Late Miocene -Early Pliocene.

...

Mehwish Zafar1, Muhammad Shahzad1*, Muhammad Zubair Akram2, Quratulain3, Mehak Shehzad4 and Samreen Nazeer5*

...tegy is to introduce new crops that can bear high level salinity and allow irrigation with saline water. Quinoa has great potential to grow under saline conditions having outstanding nutritious value. Pot based complete block design was conducted in COMSATS University Abbottabad, Pakistan during winter season. Five quinoa lines (L30, L81, L11, L9, and L24) were grown in sandy loam soil containing 15 dS m-1 and 30dS m-1 NaCl salt treatments. The results reveale...

Iqtidar Hussain1*, Muhammad Inam Ullah Qaisrani1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Zuhair Hasnian2, Umar Khitab Saddozai1, Muhammad Naeem4, Hadia Gul5 and Moneeza Abbass3

... and growth of agronomic crops, vegetables, trees and many other weed species. Growth promoting effects of parthenium extracts at low concentrations have also been reported in certain crops. A laboratory experiment was carried out to evaluate the germination and germination indices of maize with estimation of maize growth infested with parthenium allelopathy. This trial was conducted Completely Randomized Design with 3 repli...

Muhammad Adnan1*, Muhammad Nauman Khan2,3, Barkat Ullah2, Faisal Zaman2, Alevcan Kaplan4, Hubert O. Dossou-Yovo5, Sajid Ali Khan Bangash6, Sana Wahab7, Mehreen Ghazal8 and Muhammad Hassan Sarfraz9

...n (T2, T5, and T6) wheat crops followed by (T0, T1, and T3). A total of 17 elements were detected and observed in wheat including Ca, S, K, Si, Na, Mg, Fe, Al, Cu, Cr, Cl, Mn, B, C, N, Co, and Ni in different treatments of B. It has been determined that the amount of each element varies according to the amount of B applied. Thus, the study performed under B stress helps understand elemental and proximate content in various treatments in wheat plants. 

...

Muhmmad Asif1, Khunsa Khakwani1, Muhammad Hasnain1*, Farrukh Ilahi1, Muhammad Hussnain Babar1, Shahid Munir Chuhan1, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas1, Iqra Parveen1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Saeed Ahmad2 and Hammad Hussnain2

...rs, laborers who harvest crops, and other investors including those in the cotton industry may be met by the introduction of this variety. The present study signifies for recommended as the most suitable commercial cotton cultivars for agro-climatic conditions of Faisalabad.

...

Muhammad Ayyub, Mitha Khan*, Syed Abdul Malik, Sakhawat Ali, Syed Shamsullah, Mujeeb ur Rehman, Ikhlaq Ahmed, Ameer Uddin, Habibullah Kakar, Mohammad Zahid, Khalil Ahmed, Mana Khan, Mukhtiar Ahmed, Muhammad Rafiq Khetran, Zia ul Haq and Muhammad Azam

...vement for yield of food crops have become highly important for the plant breeders. It has been used for selection of suitable parents for true development of the hybrids. The current research was carried-out to determine heritability, general combing ability (GCA) and specific combing ability (SCA) during (Rabi Season 2018-19) at Directorate of Oilseed Crops, ARI Sariab, Quetta, Balochistan. The research trial was arranged ...

Huma Naz1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Tanveer Ahmed3*, Khalid Abbas2, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Fareeha Latif4, Adnan Ahmad Qazi1, Muhammad Adeel Hassan5

...t damaging food and cash crops as well as the fruit plants. However, terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity is directly affected by overuse of insecticides. Present study was conducted to find out the genotoxic effect of insecticides on DNA damage and nuclear anomalies in RBCs of Labeo rohita after exposure to chlorpyrifos+endosulfan (CPF+END) by using Comet and Micronucleus Assay. Twenty fingerlings of L. rohita was kept in LC50 concentration of CPF+END, (1.95&...

Bilal Atta1*, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Asif Farooq3, Muhammad Ijaz1, Tahir Hussain Awan1, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub4, Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Amara Nasiba1

...ce for safeguarding rice crops by enabling well-timed and effective pest control strategies based on the specific timing of each pest species. This underscores the significance of early identification using light traps in order to detect pests early on. Implementing timely pest control measures based on these observations can help protect rice crops from significant damage. 
 

Naveed Akhtar, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Aamir Ali

...rincipal Stage) of maize crops during different study months. The highest species density was recorded during April and May in both districts. A positive correlation of the Coccinellidae was observed with temperature and negative for rainfall and humidity. This work is the first to characterize coccinellids biodiversity from Pakistan’s maize crops. The research will aid in employing the ladybeetles as bio-control agent...

Akbar Khan Khajjak1,4*, Adnan Nazir2, Tehmina Mangan1 and Ali Raza1

...crop among various other crops. These findings would be quite useful in developing a precise policy for major food crops in Pakistan. These facts would support policy developers to divide resources with equal allocation between agricultural and services sectors while keeping numerous crops within the agricultural sector in the same consideration.

...

Hanita Fadhilla1, Shafia Khairani1,2*, Ahmad Fitrah3, Wendi Prameswari4, Nur Purba Priambada4, Indri Saptorini4, Imam Arifin4

...esia, Medical records, Necropsy, Slow loris
...
Muhammad Usman1, Ghulam Murtaza2, Allah Ditta3, Tamana Bakht3 Muhammad Asif4,
Muhammad Nadir1and Sehar Nawaz5
...d of
various crops. This issue is more drastic for cereal crops like wheat which is the staple food
crop of over 2.5 billion population of the world. One the control strategies is to investigate
the distribution pattern of weeds under field conditions. In this regard, a survey study was
conducted to investigate the distribution pattern of weed species in wheat crop during 2016-...

Felix O. Takim*1, Gideon Z. Nayan2, Oluwafemi O. Osatuyi1and Israel O. Olayiwola1

...e yield of the component crops in a drought-prone southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. The experiment was laid as a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement and 3 replications in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The main plots were planting time (May, June and July) while the sub-plots consisted of 3 maize-sweet potato intercropping populations(maize at 53,333 plants/ha + 33,333 plants/ha of sweet potato, maize at 53,333 plants/ha + 66,666 p...
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan 1, Sadia Afzal2, Muhammad Azim
Khan3, Tasawer Abbas4, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid1, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1,
Naila Farooq5 Amir Aziz5
...l
effects in crops and soil. Alternate approach to control weeds is getting attentions in
sustainable production system. Use of aqueous extracts of crops is getting scientific
attention as eco-friendly alternative to synthetic herbicides especially under scenario of fast
increasing herbicide resistance in weeds. To investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous
ext...
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan*1, Sadia Afzal2, Ahsan Aziz1,
Rizwan Maqbool3, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz4, Amjed Ali1, Muhammad
Adnan1, Durrishahwar5
...ng growth of surrounding crops and weeds and this situation is termed as allelopathy.
Laboratory experiment was performed to determine the suppressive or simulative influence
of aqueous extracts of leaves, stem and fruit of Carthamus tinctorius L. at different
concentrations(0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%)on Echinochloa cruss-galli L. Results revealed
that 8%concentration of aqueous extracts of all tested parts o...

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1, Sadia Afzal2, Hasnain Abbas3, Muhammad Khuram Dar3, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Ishtiaq Hassan4, Muhammad Asif1, Muhammad Adnan1, Amir Aziz5

...weed killer in different crops. Phytotoxic effect of poppy (P. somniferum) was examined on emergence and initial seedling growth of red rice (Oryza punctate L.). Aqueous extract of different plant parts (leaves, stem and flower) was used at various concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%) along with distilled water as control. The aqueous extracts of leaves, stem and flower of P. somniferum significantly inhibited the emergence, seedling growth as well ...

Khalid Ali1, Asif Tanveer1, Naila Farooq2, Tasawer Abbas3*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Muhammad Ather Nadeem4, Ishtiaq Hassan3, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid4, Anees-ul-Hussnain Shah5, Bilal Ahmad Khan4 , Ali Raza6

...oblematic weed in summer crops, such as cotton, soybean, pearl millet and mungbean worldwide. Current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of four types of salts stresses (NaCl, Na2SO4, CaCl2 and NaHCO3) at six different levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM) on R. capitata seeds of different sizes including small, medium and large. Results revealed that R. capitata can germinate over a wide range of salt stress but as the salinity level was increased ...

Shabana Mangi1, Waheed Ali Panhwar1, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, G. Sarwar Solangi2, Khalid Hussain Rind3, Nazir Ahmed Abro4, Zaibun-nisa Memon1, Gul Hafeeza Lund1 and Paras Somroo1

...es significant damage to crops, feeding on different weeds including; Gnaphalium, Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus and Cortaderia sellona, while the crops include; maize, potatoes, tomatoes, sugar cane. Its larva is known as wireworm that is yellowish to brown in color. The members of this genus badly affect the economy of the growers in the affected areas. Aptopus opata is a differ from the closely related species on the ta...

Sanaullah1*

... weeds on major seasonal crops in district Bajaur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The aim was to know the prevailing weed management system and encourage the farmers to integrate cultural practices with chemical control measures. A three stage stratified sampling technique was adopted to collect data from the selected respondents through a well-designed interview schedule. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v 20) was used to analyze the primary cross-...
Barkatullah1, Sumayya Noreen1.Khushnood Ur Rehman1, Zahid Ali Butt2, Tabassum
Yaseen3, Kamran Akbar3, and Salma Noreen3
...ntrary to three selected crops i.e. wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.),
and chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.). The collection of Indian plum was made from Ahmad
Abad District Karak and was dried at room temperature under the shade. The aqueous
extract was used from different parts of the plants, which include bark, fruit, leaves,
mulching, and rainwater. In all applications the growth of plumules and ...
Naeema Khatoon Khaskheli1 , Muzafar Hussain Sirohi11, 2,*, Ameer Ahmed
Mirbahar1, Abdul Razak Mahar1, Mumtaz Ali Saand1, Mirza Hussain3
...growth and yield of many crops. This study
recorded the community composition of weeds in maize crops grown at District Khairpur,
Sindh, Pakistan. The weeds were collected from the maize crop at three different localities
using the quadrat method (60 quadrats/site). The species were identified and herbarium
samples were preserved in Herbarium, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khair...

Gulshan Riaz1, Zaheer-ud-din Khan1, Muhammad Umer Farooq Awan1, Andleeb Anwar Sardar1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Sarah Maryam Malik and Sohaib Muhammad1

...ies were common in three crops. Family Poaceae and Astraceae had maximum weed species i.e. 7 and 6 species respectively followed by Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Papaveraceae, Zygophyllaceae and so on. Asphodelus tenuifolius, Medicago monantha and Carthamus oxyacantha are frequently occurring weeds relative to others. Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) was performed on the percentage cover basis which divided the weed species into groups,...

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1*, Saima Anwar2, Rizwan Maqbool3, Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz4, Iram Batool3, Athar Mahmood3, Abdul Rehman1, Aafaq Ali5, Aneela Nijabat5

... and residual effects in crops and soil. Alternate approach to control weeds is getting attentions in sustainable production system. Use of aqueous extracts of weed is getting scientific attention as eco-friendly alternative to chemical herbicides especially under scenario of fast increasing herbicide resistance in weeds. To investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous extract of winter weed of Sonchus oleraceus L. (sow thistle) on summer weed Oryza punctat...

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1* Sadia Afzal2, Rizwan Maqbool3, Hasnain Waheed1, Aneela Nijabat4, Muhammad Ikram5, Amir Aziz6, Muhammad Adnan1, Qaisar Mehmood7, Hasnain Umer3

...e of aqueous extracts of crops is an imperative method. In this method allelochemicals present in crop plant help in suppressing or inhibiting weeds. Therefore, this study was planned to investigate the allopathic potential of aqueous extract of winter crop Papaver somniferum (opium) on summer weed Echinochloa cruss-galli (barnyard grass. The experiment comprised of seven concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%) of different plant parts i.e., leaves, st...
Reshma Sahito1, Nasreen Memon1, Aiman Amur1, Seema Memon1
Shabana Mangi2
... Peas (37) and rice (31) crops while least number on weeds (16), and dwell in weeds near crops, redescriptions of the genus and species are provided, small-sized stink bugs belonging to order Heteroptera (Tribe Carpocorini). The Carpocoris Pudicus causes a remarkable loss to different crops and weed leaves and seeds i.e., vegetables, tomatoes, peas and crops...

Nabeel Akhtar1, Owais Iqbal1,2*, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani1, Rehana Naz Syed1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1

...enormous losses in chili crops. The diseases caused by them are often challenging to control due to different incidence level and limited knowledge of their epidemiological features. Advanced accessibility and a simple application process for chemical control systems have made it practical and widely accepted. In the present study, ten different fungicides viz., Shincar, Antracol, Alliete, Ridomil Gold, Moncut, Systhane, Kocide, Evito, Nativo, and Topsin M at ...

Karin Alvåsen1*, Karin Maria Olofsson2, Raymond Kent Fenton3, Ulrika Rockström4, Lena-Mari Tamminen1, Nils Fall1

...stify;">Remote digital necropsy (RDN) in cattle is a systematic method of post mortem diagnostic remotely, with the aim of increasing knowledge about deaths. The method is based on a standardized, systematic approach to opening and photo documenting dead cattle on farm. Images are sent to a bovine practitioner, experienced in interpreting gross lesions, for analysis. In this pilot study, education and training sessions on the RDN method were administered to ve...

Amir Afzal1*, Sairah Syed1, Hafiz Husnain Nawaz2, Ruqeah Mustafa1, Marjan Aziz1, Madeeha Khan1, Azra Khan3, Uzma Javed1, Attiq Ur Rehman4, Rubab Altaf 5 and Qamar Shakil6

... of stripe rust in wheat crops. Effective strategies for disease control require a better understanding of the genetic and geographic diversity of Pst populations and the factors driving their evolution. Effective monitoring of Pst populations is critical for developing strategies to control stripe rust and ensure the long-term sustainability of wheat production. Pathogenicity surveys, which involve testing Pst samples against differential host plants, and mol...
Asif Tanveer,Hafiz Haider Ali,Asif Tanveer,Hafiz Haider Ali,Muhammad Asghar,Muhammad Ather Nadeem,Muhammad Asghar,Muhammad Ather Nadeem
SHAHIDA KHALID,Sehrish Sadia,TAUSEEF ANWAR,YASIR ARAFAT,SANA RIAZ
Naeem Khan, Ikramullah Khan, Muhammad Azim Khan , Haroon Khan[
Antima Sharma,L.R. Dangwal,Tajinder Singh,Chanchal Sharma,Amandeep Singh
Zahid Hussain,SULTAN MEHMOOD,ASIM MUHAMMAD,REHMAN ULLAH KHAN,SAAD ULLAH KHAN
Muhammad Azim Khan, Khan Bahadar Marwat, Gul Hassan , Z. Hussain
Muhammad Haroon,MUHAMMAD WAQAS,Muhammad Saeed,AWAIS JAMAL,SHAH FAHAD,Muhammad Saeed Khattak
Rahamdad Khan , Muhammad Azim Khan , Muhammad Waqas , Muhammad Haroon , Zahid Hussain , Naeem Khan , Ikram Ullah , Mohammad Ramzan , Sakib Bashir
Manahil Wahab1 and Anwar Ali2
... effects on agricultural crops which results in loss of agricultural crop in the range of 20-50%. On the average the loss is 30%. However, the loss in agricultural crop is much below than the income from sale of trees on farmlands. Thus, farm forestry is a very profitable activity that has multiple benefits including source of cash income. The study recommends to diversify tree species and include more species particularly nitrogen fixing native species such a...
Muhammad Umair1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
...y to protect surrounding crops from dust storms. Age, education level, and distance from the farm to the market were significant factors in determining agroforestry adoption. In contrast, farmers who are older, less educated, and whose properties are located closer to markets were less likely to plant trees in between and on the border of the fields. Cultivators should be aware of the potential benefits that might be derived from agroforestry systems and shou...
Afra Siab1, Saif Ullah Khan1, Anwar Ali1, Nowsherwan Zarif1, Basheer Ahmad1, Salman Ahmad1
...of trees and shrubs with crops and/or animals in interacting combinations for a variety of objectives. Historically, farmers often retained trees on their farms to sustain agricultural production, reduce soil erosion, retain water and provide shade, and generate income. The study was conducted in District Bannu. For the comprehensive study of agroforestry both primary and secondary data were obtained. Major portion of secondary data was obtained from Census Re...
Muhammad Yousaf Khan and Raees Khan
...sociated with the forest crops, products, produce, disputes and resources in Pakistan.

...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad1, Syed Ajmal Rahim2, Junaid Mumtaz3 and Syed Akmal Rahim4
... planting on agriculture crops is the major hindrance and be removed by conducting on farm relevant scientific research and disseminating the finding to the farmers.

...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan
...he havoc played with our crops and economy. Likewise, from October till February of the next year we face acute water shortage for our crops irrigation. The floods during the summer months not only destroy life and property but also result in loss of valuable water that could be stored for crops during water shortage periods.

Pakistan is an agricultural country having 70% populat...

Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Abid Hussain
... for raising agriculture crops in due course of time. Based on findings, the study concluded that raising of Hurrie plantation is beneficial business which improves the livelihood of the inhabitants. ...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Muhammad Muslim
...unique consists of mixed crops of Mangifera indica, Butea monosperma, Zizyphus mauritiana, Dalbergia sissoo, Adhatoda vasica, Cedrula toona, Melia azedarach and rarely Tamarindus indica and Azadirachta indica. Singri is another large tract, where settlers cultivated agricultural crops like wheat, rice, maize, sugar-cane etc. This area had footprints of Hindu civilization near Singri Police Chouki, Seth P...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Muhammad Muslim
...ivating maize and millet crops. In Mirpur district visited Jaricus, Subchack, Nagi playan, Khari-sharif and Chachian-Chohan (grave yard) near Khari-sharif. These areas were dominated by Prosopis juliflora, and scattered plants of Zizyphus mauritiana, Acacia nilotica, Capparis aphylla, Saccharum munja. At Chachian-chohan, a century old graveyard located near Khari-sharif, where Broussonetia papyrifera was dominant followed by Dalbergia s...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim1, Yahya Karamat2, Muhammad Shabbir Mughal3 and Imtiaz Hussain4
...as compared to the other crops like maize. The study revealed that Nigella sativa shows maximum yield on the application of 275kg/ha of NP fertilizer in the region having similar edaphic, topographic and climatic conditions as in Peshawar. ...
Mohammad Khan
... at par with other fruit crops, efforts were made to graft scion-wood of this species on root stock of chir pine, which has proved successful. This paper presents results of two experiments conducted for the purpose....
Sardar Muhammad Rafique
...and high yielding fodder crops, etc. are recommended.

Key words: Forage Resources, Northern Mountainous Region, Sustainable Development, Rangeland

....
Nasreen Fatimah Rao, Muhammad Tahir Laeeq and Kanwar Muhammad Suleman
... of maturity of the tree crops. Leaf area/girth ratio decreased from 2 years to 8 years. Leaf area, age and spacing explained about 84.5 percent of total variation in the girth of the trees....
Sardar M. Rafique and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...verride losses of cocoon crops due to bacterial flacherie.

Keywords: Silkworm, Resistance, J-99, J-101, 205-MKD, 206-MKD, C-102, 206-PO, 207-PO, 208-PO.

...
Mohammad Zubair Sulemani* Mohammad Safdar Baloch** and Khalid Abdullah**
...germination of all sevel crops was significantly and negatively affected due to the application of extracts as compared to tap water treatment. Highest adjusted reduction in germination (89.67%) was recorded in Sorghum followed by Taramira (85.36%), while maize was least affected (60%).

Keywords: Allelochemicals, kiker, Acacia nilotica, field crops, germination.

...
Aman Ullah Bhatti, Shamsher Ali and Farmanullah Khan
... wheat) and agricultural crops (wheat). Eighteen soil samples were collected at a regular grid spacing of 15 m x 25 m and 15 m x 20 m from two depths (0-15, 15-45 cm) under agro-forestry and agricultural crops, respectively from D. I. Khan. Soil samples collected were analyzed for soil pH (1:5), electrical conductivity (1:5), organic matter, lime, mineral N, and AB-DTPA extractable P and K. The total number of plants were 41...
Babar Sohail and Kanwar Muhammad Suleman
...c effects on agriculture crops but economic losses due to raising of Eucalyptus were proved baseless. According to this study, most of the farmers (67%) are not willing to plant Eucalyptus on their farmlands anymore. This negative trend in majority of farmers is accounted for two major problems i.e., poor marketing and low returns as 66 percent farmers indicated marketing problems and 75 percent reported low returns from the Eucalyptus woods. Farmers (20 perce...
Wali-ur-Rehman
...tals, 13 of agricultural crops and vegetables and 38 of annual herbs, are given in a table with major and minor sources of nectar and pollen and the blooming period of each plant species....
Muhammad Afzal and Muhammad Hafeez
... trees with agricultural crops since the time immemorial. They hesitate to grow forest trees on their farms as they think them less beneficial and more harmful to farm crops than fruit trees. Although fruits give direct satisfaction to the consumers but wood with several other important utilities has an unavoidable use of cooking food for human life.

Due to fast growing population, wood is becoming a scarce commodi...

Fauzia Balqis Malik and Bashir Hussain Shah
...to divert area from food crops to arboriculture and necessitates agroferestry (optional growing of trees and crops on the same land unit in temporal or/ and spatial arrangement) as a feasible option. This study is continuation of work on allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on two major varieties of wheat by the author for dissertation of M.Sc. Botany during 1991. The object of the study is to establish via...
Mohammad Hafeez and Muhammad Rafique
...ble to grow agricultural crops or even trees with ordinary efforts and techniques. Trees have great importance in these areas keeping in view their climatic conditions. One of these is to use chemicals to retain the available moisture for longer time and make it available to plants in their tender age. An experiment was laid out at Maujghar in Cholistan to study the effectiveness of such a chemical 'alkasorb' for its water retaining capacity and i...
Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry and Jehangir Ghauri
...elds with agricultural crops at variable spacings.

In this paper results of effect of various spacings on the growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis under agroforestry systems have been presented. ...

Sahibzada M. Hafeez and M. Hafeezullah
...t involving agricultural crops (maize and wheat) and silvicultural crop. (Poplar) was initiated during 1990-91 at PFRI Research Garden. Poplar was planted in rows 6.1 m, 9.2 m, and 12.2 m apart with a uniform distance of 1.5 m from tree to tree within the rows. Poplar crop. The result available upto September, 1993 has shown that pattern of planting in rows 9.2 m or 12.2 m apart is a good system to allow interc-ropping upto 5th or even 6th year age of ...
Fazli Subhan Khan
...us and agricultural crops of wheat and chick pea....
Raza-ul-Haq
...re and over- mature tree crops (150-200 years old) is numerically adequate (upto 136 seeds /m2) in some years. However, the amount of viable seeds does not exceed 15% (20 seeds per m2). Seed production in 1987 at Kund was seven times higher then in 1988. No seed was produced in 1989, indicating that a 2 or more years seeding cycle is likely to be occurring in natural stands. Data for Kund (136 seeds /m2) and Sharan (320...
Fazal Said Khan
...rea, its people and the crops they grow. Data were collected from 270 farmers (138 owners, 41 owner-cum-tenants and 91 tenants) using a questionnaire containing 29 questions of both qualitative and quantitative nature. Charsadda, farmers grow a number of trees on their farmlands. Some of these trees (Populus deltoids, Dalbergia sissoo and Salix spp.) are used in wood based industries and generate US$ 2 million income and contribute to the...
Mehar Nigar Ashiq, Muhammad Iqbal Ahmad and Raj Muhammad
...volved can yield several crops of cocoons in a year and is also resistant to silkworm diseases, high temperature and low humidity....
Zakaullah
...timber species. Both the crops are raised vegetatively. A general practice with the locals is that they use willow cuttings (3.04 to 3.65 m long), obtained from the pollarded trees, for planting. The cut ends provide infection courts for many bacteria and decay fungi....
Mohammad Ayaz and Gerhard Stohr
...at the removal of forest crops for the production of timber and firewood. It essentially consists of a set of definite operations of felling and conversion of trees to suit the subsequent extraction and transportation system. The methods and means of timber harvesting not only determine the magnitude of material to be extracted and economic gains of the operation but also the preservation of remaining stand and site....
M. I. Sheikh
...on, maize and some other crops in-between the shelterbelts. The farm is canal irrigated. However, in case of canal closure the area can be irrigated through lift pumps....
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...ftermath of agricultural crops, fodder trees and leaf fall of fruit trees are important sources of livestock feed. The availability of winter feed is a limiting factor in the production of livestock. In Northern Areas 100,125 metric tonnes of air dry feed is available annually against a requirement of 1,212,439 metric tonnes. The harvesting and storage practices are faulty. Soil erosion is common on steep slopes. Scare scientific data is available and ...
Wali-ur-Rehman and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...amental and agricultural crops serving as major and minor sources of nectar and pollen have been recorded at the campus of the Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. Bee-foraging calendar has been prepared showing both major and minor sources of nectar and pollen and their blooming periods. Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. ocharphloia, E. piluaris , E. fruticetorum, E.microtheca, E. rudis eriobotrya, japonica , Acacia modesta,Dombeya acutanula out of ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...locks, with agricultural crops, around farms and along roads, canals and rivers. As it brings handsome revenue within 5-6years, the tree has become a favorite of the farmers. Native willow cuttings have been planted for more then a 100 years on almost the same sites as suited to poplars. Using methods have been initiated. Sports goods industry is the main user of willow wood. Biomass research on Salicacea is comparatively new to Pakistan. It has been f...
M.I. Sheikh
...nction with agricultural crops a study was laid out in the P.F.l. over an area of 0.3 ha in 1977. One year old tube plants of bamboo were planted at 2 x 2, 3 x 3 and 6x6 m spacing, replicated 3 times using 180, 84 and 24 plants in all the treatments respectively. In the first three years of the study, inter-cropping was done with maize, barseem and wheat. Afterwards it was not possible to do agriculture due to increase in the size of the bamboo clumps except i...
M.I. Sheikh
...e effect of agricultural crops on the growth of poplars. One year old plants of P. euramericana CV-I-214 were grown for four years with and without agricultural crops. In the control plots no agricultural crop was grown but nevertheless, soil cultivation was done.

2. In another study, weeds were allowed to grow in one set of plots while the second set was regularly ploughed. The average height and diameter aft...

M. N. Malik and M.I. Sheikh
...e of common agricultural crops and tree plants. This menace of land was realized even long before the creation of Pakistan, and full-fledged Department of Land Reclamation was established to counter-check the malady; nevertheless, it attained alarming proportion and threatened the very basis of economy of Pakistan. Of course, vast physical outlays in the form of SCARP have been the outcome of very serious deliberations, even involving the expertise at internat...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Abdul Khalique
...he yield of Agricultural crops has indicated that when the trees were 5 to 6 meter in height and wheat was sown the yield was not depressed. However, in the case of cotton, when the height of the tree belts was up to 7 meter the yield was comparatively poor within a distance of 15-30 meter on either side of the belt....
Shakeel Haider Zaidi and Anwar Ahmad Khan
...net income obtained from crops harvested every year. Haripur and Changa Manga strains are equally high yielding and appear to be suitable for cultivation in Peshawar area....
G. M. Khattak, Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Abdul Khaliq
G. M. Khattak and M. I. Sheikh
...he yield of agricultural crops grown with them, Dalbergia sissoo (shisham) Euc. citriodora, Populus deltoides 63/51 and Salmalia malabarica (semal) were planted in the Pakistan Forest Institute in January to February 1978 in RCB design with four replications. The size of plot was 444 m2 and trees were planted at 4.3 x 4.3 m spacing with entire plants of poplar and Eucalyptus and root-shoot cuttings of shisham and semal.
Abdul Aleem
... to 0.4 ha. The main crops grown are cereals which supply about half the food grain requirement of the tract. Apricot, almond, peach, mulberry, pomegranate, and grapes are grown on field boundaries, as small graves, or in courtyards....
G. M. Baloch and M. A. Ghani
...erbs, shrubs, cultivated crops (mostly legumes) and weeds (Baloch et al., 1967a)....
G. M. Khattak
...patches and harvest the crops as they ripen. Every two to three years, as the soils get depleted, they move to another area, leaving their abandoned clearings to revert to forest.

According to Cowan (1923) the Chittagong Hill Tracts were made a district in 1860, and in 1862 toll stations were established on the rivers where duty was collected by the District Officers staff on forest produce floated down to Chittagong. In 1869 an Assistant Conservator of...

Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Raza-ul-Haq
...ds affected the yield of crops....
Ashiq Ahmad and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...ent plants, agricultural crops and perennial grasses. Trees are debarked, young plants and shisham stumps are uprooted. They breed twice a year and usually give birth to tow young ones who live initially in mother's milk switching to tender barks 2-3 months later. ...
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...carried out in congested crops....
Jalal-ud-Din and M. Farooq
...m and growing high delta crops. The dense soil mass could be improved by subsoiling and green manuring. The sand dunes cannot be brought under irrigated plantation. They could be developed as range land, or used for wild life....
Mohammad Shahid
...ies man has been growing crops for his own needs on this land. His crops neither suffered so heavily or regularly due to the insects attack, nor their damage was being realised as much as it is today, except the occasional sporadic outbreaks of certain pests that damaged his crops heavily. These sporadic outbreaks occurred perhaps due to the biotic potential or intrinsic rate at which such...
M. A Quraishi and Manzoor Ahmad
...nes or depressions. Pure crops are found on lower gentle slopes of well drained depressions the parts of which are occupied by coniferous forests. (6) It is also found mixed with horse chestnut, maple, oak, bird cherry or with conifers particularly spruce, fir and blue pine In west Pakistan it is commonly found in Hazara, Murree, Swat, Dir, Chitral, Gilgit and Baltistan. The timber of walnut is moderately hard even, grained. Sapwood is greyish- white and hear...
T. J. Roberts
...azing and cultivation of crops where possible. These rights were usually zealously defended against usurpation by any neighbouring tribes. Because of the harsh climatic conditions, the limited available forage could best be utilized by a nomadic pastoral people and even today a major portion of the rural population appears to have retained these nomadic habits. In the main valleys a limited settlement with crop cultivation under irrigation...

Muhammad Ikram Ullah Malik1*, Aamir Saleem1, Lubna Ansari1 and Arshad Mahmood Malik2

...onventional agricultural crops. An area of one acre (8 kanals) was taken for practicing this model. 3 kanals were used for the plantation of tree species (Poplar and Sheesham), to increase the soil fertility and production of income for the household. 2 kanals were used for the growth of agricultural crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum), to meet the basic needs of the local communities. The wheat was sown by broadcasting ...

Abdul Aleem Memon1*, Inayatullah Rajpar2, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2, Javaid Ahmed Shah3 and Saima Kalsoom Babar2

... potassium (K) supply to crops including sunflower due to low K activity ratio. The research was conducted to ascertain whether K foliar applications can improve growth, and yield of sunflower in calcareous soil. The sunflower cultivar (HO-1) was tested in field with three foliar K sources (Kfs) (MoP, SoP and NoP) and three foliar K times (Kft) treatments (2% once at leaf development stage (LDS), 2% in two equal splits (1% at LDS and 1% inflorescence emergence...
Muhammad Yahya1, Muhammad Ajmal Khan2, Fazle Subhan3, Ali Hazrat1*, Javed Khan5, Aftab
Amin4, Hayat Ullah1 and Tabinda Nowsheen1
...o observed on the tomato crops and caused significant damage.
The application of Flurofenafire was able to control these infestations. In conclusion the
pesticide Flurofenafire was found effective against a wide range of insect pest of tomato plant.
...

Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Iqbal1, Malik Muhammad Hashim2, Muhammad Saleem Jilani1, Mohammad Safdar Baloch3, Muhammad Sohail Khan1, Asif Latif1, Muhammad Amjad Nadim3, Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid4

... well as quality of many crops including sugar beet. Manual weeding is very tedious, costly, time consuming and most probably non-availability of trained and skillful labor is another issue. Keeping in view these facts, an experiment was performed to evaluate the efficacy of dual gold on the weed biomass (g m-2) and on the growth and yield components of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cv. California-KWS during 2013-14 and 2014-15. The study was performed using R...

Saddam Hussain1, Muhammad Asrar2*, Usama Saleem2, Dilbar Hussain3, Muhammad Sohail Qadir3, Muhammad Saleem3, Rashid Ali2, Zeeshan Javed2 and Mubshar Saleem4

...rmite activity. Numerous crops, particularly sugarcane, cotton, and wheat, are severely damaged by termites, resulting in substantial economic loss. Termites can potentially inflict significant agricultural losses, ranging from 20% to 45% of the harvest yield. Termites are also known to cause damage to stored food, wooden objects, household furniture, paper products, and various synthetic materials. They can attack both buried and above-ground parts of plants....

Agus Subhan Prasetyo, Tutik Dalmiyatun, Siwi Gayatri, Kadhung Prayoga, Wulan Sumekar and Joko Mariyono*

...rotation with plantation crops under the control of state-owned enterprises. This study employed economic production theory as the fundamental analysis. Brebes district was selected as the study site since the region is one of the centers of shallot production at the national level. Samples for the study were obtained from farmers who grew shallot in the glebagan and conventional systems, with a sample size of 100 for each group. The sample selection criteria ...

Muhammad Qasim1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Umair Abbas1, Mehar Zubair Shehzad1 and Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2

...t damage to agricultural crops and wooden infrastructures worldwide. Coptotermes and Odontotermes were found as the most abundant and damaging genera of subterranean termites in Pakistan. Many conventional synthetic insecticides are being used to combat termite infestations with often unsatisfactory control results. This study assessed the comparative toxicity of some prevailing synthetic insecticides with different modes of action against subterranean termite...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar*1, Riffat Maqsood1, Hussain Abbas1, Musharraf Manzoor1, Muhammad Suleman1, Hassaan Ahmad Bajwa2, Ali Hamza2, Shaher Yar1, Muhammad Zain1, Abdul Wadood1 and Noman Aslam3

...vector-borne diseases in crops, it is critical to manage plant pathogen-carrying insects and mites. Pesticides are useful in controlling vector populations because they limit the number of people who can contract and spread a virus, which may reduce the prevalence of sickness. Aside from their deadly toxicity, certain pesticides have characteristics that alter feeding patterns or otherwise impede the spread of viruses.

...

Kashif Haleem, Basheer Ahmad, Muhammad Rayyan, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*

...poplars and agricultural crops for water, resulting in less fodder and reduced livestock sales. To improve the situation, better coordination between forest authorities and local farmers is necessary. Forest authorities should address misconceptions about agroforestry, educate farmers on the benefits of various tree species, including environmental benefits, fruits, and fodder, and provide tree saplings. Additionally, new plantations should be established to c...

Ameer Sultan1, Abdur Rauf1*, Farooq Jan1, Muhammad Qayash2, Muhammad Yasin3, Tanweer Kumar4, Wajid Khan4, Muhammad Arif4, Kashmala Jabbar5, Wisal Khan6, Farhan Ullah1, Syed Shabab Hussain1 and Ikramullah Khan1

...ere applied to sugarcane crops to explore their effects on the development, production, and yield at the Sugar Crops Research Institute (SCRI) Mardan. Four different concentrations of distillery spent wash were applied (i.e. 30%-DSW, 40%-DSW, 50%-DSW, and 60%-DSW) to a sugarcane variety “Israr Shaheed SC (CP 80-1827)”. Our results showed that the application of a 50%-DSW increased plant height, cane diameter, lea...

Murad Muhammad1,2,3*, Shahid Ullah1, Nimrah Ameen4, Abdul Wahab3,5, Abdul Basit6, Muqadas Batool7, Muhammad Nazim2,3 and Haroon Khan

... commonly found in field crops (rice, vegetables, wheat, and maize) in District Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Many medicinal plants grow wild or as weeds worldwide, including in Pakistan. The Dir Upper district boasts a diverse weed flora with significant medicinal value for daily use. Surveys using semi-structured open-ended questionnaires were carried out in distant villages of the Larjam subdivisions, specifically interviewing 120 local respondents (85 mal...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan, Atiq Ur Rahman, Waqar Akhtar and Hafizullah Khan

...om both Kharif and Rabbi crops was PRs. 488511.68 in 2008-09 which increased to Rs.1089252.42 after the dam construction in 2016-17. In Village Qilla the net per household revenue from both Rabi and Kharif crops in 2008-09 was PRs. 33796.05 which increased to PRs. 66541.74 in 2016-17 after the dam construction. The net income is almost doubled after the dam construction. Thus, this increase in net income is reflected in the ...

Sushan Chowhan1,2*, Md. Moshiur Rahman3, Razia Sultana4,5, Md. Abdur Rouf6, Majharul Islam7 and Sharmin Ara Jannat8

...ent (R and D) across the crops, fisheries, and livestock sectors to maintain food security. This review aims to examine the current state of agricultural policies and R and D, highlighting crucial areas for future R and D within the crops, fisheries, and livestock sectors. It is noteworthy that existing policies primarily favour producers and agro-entrepreneurs. The government has implemented several measures to incentivize ...

Fatima Kanwal

...ed weeds in the seasonal crops of regions. For this purpose, 50 quadrats of 1m by 1m were randomly plotted and analyzed. Polygonaceae, Poaceae, and Chenopodiaceae were the most common families observed. A total of 14 different weed species belonging to 10 distinct families were identified. Goose grass (Elusine indica), Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), and Black nightshade (Solanum nigram) accounted for 87% of the weeds and had densities of 1.82%, 1.82%, and ...

Muhammad Ihsan Ullah2, Muhammad Hasnain1*, Muhmmad Luqman2, Hammad Hussnain2, Muhammad Tauseef2, Abrar Ahmad2, Muhammad Shahid2, Qaisar Abbas3, Mussurrat Hussain3, Ali Raza2, Muhammad Musadique Ahmad Khan4, Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5, Sajid Nadeem6

...tructive pests to cotton crops are sucking insects, including whitefly Bemisia tabaci, jassid, Amrasca biguttula and thrips, Thrips tabaci. About 28% of losses occur in cotton crops every year due to the attack of these insect pests. The major goal of chemical control, which includes using different pesticides is to reduce yield losses in cotton crops. In order to identify an insecticide t...

Sana Nawaz1, Shahzor Gul Khaskheli1*, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1, Inayatullah Rajper2, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh3, Ashfaque Ahmed Khaskheli1 and Shaista Soomro1

...y valuable horticultural crops, offering health benefits and culinary versatility. However, substantial losses and waste pose significant challenges in the modern food industry and present major economic and environmental concerns. Notably, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reports that waste and losses are highest in FVs among all types of food, accounting for up to 60% of total losses. Most of this waste consists of seeds, husks, skins, and other c...
Muhammad Nauman Khan1*, Fazal Hadi1, Maryam Bibi1, Naushad Khan1 and
Syed Mukaram Shah2
...s of weed flora in wheat crops of Charbagh. The recent work is the first report on the weed ecology of Charbagh Valley. This may help for future intensive and extensive researches on weed diversity in the area.

...

Fasih Ullah Haider1,2, Sardar Alam Cheema1and Muhammad Farooq1,3

...e production in of major crops. Weeds occur in abundance in every cropping system i.e. wheat-rice, wheat- maize and wheat- cotton cropping systems. Herbicides are used in order to minimizet weed infestation, but the use of herbicides or inorganic chemicals against weeds is also developing resistance in weeds to herbicides. Despite that herbicides are also affecting the environment especially human health. Pesticides not only damage the human health but also po...

Zahid Fazal1, Jaweria Gul2, Muhammad Subhan, Khan Sher and Qasir Ali

...f economically important crops, viz. maize, potato and mungbean in Kalash Valley, Chitral, Pakistan. All the three localities of Kalash Valley (Bumburet, Birir and Rumbor) were surveyed. For each crop three locations from each valley were selected and five 1x1 m2 quadrants were used at each location. For the first time phytosociological data regarding absolute density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, importance value %, average importance valu...

Shahida Naveed1, Salma2, Inayatullah Khattak3 and Khan Bahadar Marwat4

...ion to the valuable cash crops of maize, rice and tobacco they also have advantages (medicinal properties) to the local communities.

...

Mushtaq Ahmad1, Hikmat Ullah Jan2, Kanwal Raina3, Nazara Shafiq3, Syed Mukarram Shah1, Muhammad Ibrahim4, Shaha Buddin1 and Gulnaz Parveen3*

...found in maize and wheat crops of Tehsil Sarai Naurang, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Wheat and maize are staple crops that form the backbone of global food systems, providing essential nutrition for billions of people worldwide. The ethnobotanical survey was conducted by interviewing local people and farmers to document traditional knowledge on weed species in maize and wheat crops. A sem...

Aasma Rasheed1, Dilbar Hussain2, Usama Saleem1, Saddam Hussain3, Zeeshan Javed1, Mashal Shahzadi1, Muhammad Sohail Qadir2, Muhammad Saleem2, Abdul Ghaffar2, Mawra Rafique4, Ayesha Ikram5, Saad Rasheed1 and  Muhammad Asrar1*

...a) is present in various crops like cotton, sunflower, fruit plants, and vegetables. C. septempunctata is the free living predatory specie of sucking insect pests such as aphids, mealybugs, and whiteflies and consume many preys during its lifetime. C. septempunctata larvae and adults are both active predators. The present study regarding toxicity of new chemistry insecticides against C. septempunctata was conducted under laboratory conditions. The toxic potent...

Ngele Blessing Alfred, Agba Mary-Ibenreh Ogaboh*, Bassey Rosemary Anietie and Egeh Ajah Egwu

...ompounds that can affect crops through discharge and environmental runoff. In many underdeveloped areas, untreated wastewater is used to irrigate crops, potentially harming them. This study investigated the impact of irrigation with various concentrations of a common commercial laundry detergent in Nigeria (Ariel) on maize seedlings’ germination, growth, and physiological processes, including oxidative stress enzymes a...

Muhammad Saleem1*, Dilbar Hussain1, Tamseela Mumtaz2, Saeed Ahmad3, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah3, Muhammad Luqman3, Muhammad Shafqat4, Fiaz Hussain5, Muhammad Sajjad6, Kaynat Shahzadi2, Muhammad Jawad Saleem1 and Muhammad Hasnain1

...erious damages to cotton crops and has negative impact on economy of the country. At the present study, theeffects of different new generation insecticides and insect growth regulators were evaluatedagainst 3rd instar larvae of H. armigera. Three insecticides viz., pyriproxyfen 10.8%EC,chlorantraniliprole 20SC, emamectin benzoate 1.9EC, and one insect growth regulator (IGR), lufenuron, 50EC was tested against H. armigera larvae by using leaf dip bioassay ...

Sadia Rashid1, Muhammad Waqas Alam Chattha2, Almazea Fatima1*, Muhammad Farooq Hyder3 and Nazia Tabasam1

...ortant inputs like other crops. In the current growing season, the shortage of fertilizer on the one hand and the higher prices, on the other hand negatively effecting the use of this input in wheat production. This study was designed to identify the impact of fertilizer shortage and their high prices effect on fertilizer use and their subsequent impact on wheat productivity. This study was carried out in the Faisalabad district. Data were collected from 110 f...

Elkhan Rajaf Allahverdiyev1*, Azer Agazade Khalilov2, Araz Mustafa Gasimov2, Zahid Gurban Khalilov2, Parvana Bahlul Bayramova2, Kamala Fatiaga Abilova2 and Sait Engindeniz3

...uality of mixed cropping crops. Intercropping is of great importance in meeting the feed needs of livestock and protecting soil fertility. Thus, the correct and timely application of organic and mineral fertilizers within the normal limit had a positive effect on the growth and development of plants sown in intercrops. The height of the mixed sowing sorghum plant increased to 245-255 cm, and the height of the pea plant incre...

Danyal Khan1, Abdur Rahman1, Muhammad Shuaib2,3*, Sohaib Ul Hassan4, Abubakar Sufyan5, Wajid Ullah1, Seema Jani1, Obaid Ullah6 and Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui7

...e of raw milk and calves crops
 
Novelty Statement | In the irrigation area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, buffalo farming is increasingly prevalent, and the high cost of buffalo milk pushes farmers to sell more than they need for calves. Insufficient milk feeding causes hunger, poor development,and high mortality. Thus, an appropriate milk replacer will meet the needs of a newborn calf and help it thriv...

Muhammad Ehsan Maqbool1*, Muhammad Nadeem Mushtaq1, Tamathues2, Khadija Tul Kubra1, Arish Zulfiqar1, Muhammad Shoaib Sarwar1, Zeeshan Yousaf3, Mudassar Yaseen1, Farwa Nosheen3

...ions throughout the okra crops. Such investigations are required in order to build integrated pest management (IPM) programs to control these economically important pests. 
 
Novelty Statement | The current study represents the relationship between insect pest diversity and sustainable growth of the okra crop. It also fills a critical study gap by examining the impact of insect pests on this crop a...
Sultan Çobanoğlu1, Waheed Anwar2*, Muhammad Asim Javed2 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan3
...ic pest in several field crops, fruits, and vegetables. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi using two concentrations (4×104 and 4×108 conidia/ml): Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Verticillium lecanii, against the adult female of T. urticae strains (red and green) using leaf-disc bioassay method. Their corrected mortalities were also calculated using Ab...
Anum Razzaq*, Tariq Mahmood, Ammara Saman, Ammara Baig, Nadeem Munawar and Muhammad Farooq
...plants and grains as the crops approached maturity, wild flora (viz: herbs, grasses, seeds and tubers) invariably amongst crop stages and seasons. During spring season, wheat was the most frequently consumed cereal. But during winter, as groundnut crop approached towards maturity/harvested, gerbils consumed mainly nuts and grains, while in autumn and summer (non-crop periods), the rat species switched its diet to wild flora, and consumed most frequently Ziziph...

Muhammad Ahmad1, Safdar Ali1*, Amer Habib1, Muhammad Usman Ghani2,3, Humaira Kalsoom4, Yasir Iftikhar5 and Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan5*

Faisal Noor1, Shahid Iqbal1, Muhammad Irfan Shan2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3*, Abbas Sheer4, Muhammad Shahroz Khan3

...ify;">Cucurbit vegetable crops depend primarily on such insects as solitary bees, honeybees, bumblebees, stingless bees, wasps and hover flies for their pollination, seed setting and fruit production. Modern plant protection strategies predominantly based on synthetic pesticides have led to considerable decline in insect pollination services and sustainable production. The present study was aimed to compare the impact of different pollinator conservation techn...

Rehmat Ullah, Riaz Ahmed*, Muhammad Tahir, Abdul Majid Nasir and Mushtaq Muhammad

... and the yields of major crops in Pakistan. The study used multiple regression model for investigating how various forms of farm credit relate to crop yields across different crop categories using district-level data from 2010 to 2020. The study findings reveal that small-scale farm credit emerges as a potent driver that significantly boosted the production of food crops, cash crops, pulse...

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture

September

Vol.40, Iss. 3, Pages 680-1101

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