Muhammad Waqas1*, Anwar Ali Shad1, Omaira Bashir2 and Mohsin Iqbal3
Muhammad Asif Zahoor1, Zeeshan Nawaz1, Abu Baker Siddique1, Sajjad ur Rahman2 and Shahid Ali1*
...subjected to genomic DNA extraction to detect Mycoplasma spp. using multiplex-PCR. Isolation and identification data showed that a total of 58/96 samples (60.41%) were positive for Mycoplasma infections whereas a total of 61/96 blood samples were also found positive using serum plate agglutination. However, the multiplex-PCR detected Mycoplasma in all of the tissue samples, either one of the species or simultaneous infection. M. gallisepticum was found in 39/9...
Fariha Imtiaz1, Muhammad Islam1, Hamid Saeed2,*, Bushra Saleem1, Maryam Asghar1 and Zikria Saleem2
...ater) using hot and cold extraction methods. Phytochemical analysis of leaves was performed on powder and extracts of leaves using already reported methods. Mineral analysis was done using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Hair growth promoting effects were examined using alopecia mouse model. Phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of higherquantities of carbohydrates, proteins and secondary metabolites in methanol compared to other extracting sol...
Furukh Faiz1,2, Muhammad Issa Khan2, Masood Sadiq2 and Haq Nawaz3
...ostly wasted after juice extraction around the world which contains compounds that have positive effects on the health of animals and poultry. In the current studies the citrus waste is dried and mixed with the broiler feed replacing maize from the feed at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. 225 birds were reared in 5 treatments and 3 replications of each treatment having 15 birds in each replication. The chicks were being provided with the standard conditions for lig...
Ayesha Ilyas1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,* and Abdul Qadir1,*
...nd ethanol were used for extraction from leaves. Amongst the various treatments applied, the acetone extract of D. alba showed the highest repellency of 84.14%, whereas, the lowest repellency of 10.73% was observed by the chloroform extract of T. peruviana. Significant ovipositional deterrent effects of the extracts applied have been observed. Maximum oviposition inhibition was shown by petroleum ether extract of A. indica (57.14%), while ...
Ghulam Abbas1,Asif Nadeem1,*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Muhammad Sajid Tahir3, Wasim Shehzad1, Rajput Zahid Iqbal3, Muhammad Tayyab1 and Maryam Javed1
...nt localities. After DNA extraction and quantification, amplification of gene was done by polymerase chain reaction. PCR products were sequenced bi-directionally, aligned and single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. Bioinformatics tools were applied for construction of phylogenetic tree and genetic diversity analysis. Lower genetic diversity was observed. The finding of this research is prerequisite for future research.
... 
Tanveer Ahmad1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Azeem Khan2 and Shahid Zia3
...ine was tested for fibre extraction. Results indicated that sisal fibre production capacity of this machine was 15.94 kg h-1 (dry fibre). Average yield of dry sisal fibre was 3.2% of green leaf weight and average fibre length was 1348.9 mm per leaf. Average power required to decorticate sisal leaves was 3.1 kW. Operating cost of sisal decorticator together with a combing machine was Rs. 507.9 h-1. The break-even point or payback period of...
Jiandong Wu, Miao Ye and Zaigui Wang*
... optimized for effective extraction and purification of total flavonoids from corn silk, and the anti-hyperlipidemic activities was analyzed in rabbits by feeding experiment. Firstly, the high extraction yield (5.32 mg·g-1) of total flavonoids were obtained under the optimal extraction conditions, which are 80°C for 3 h with corn silk over 60% ethanol ratio of 1:30. T...
Mubashir Hussain1,Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Ijaz Ahmad2*, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3 and Sohail Latif4
...ve analysis of seed bank extraction methods revealed higher weed seeds density, weed frequency with more diversity of weed species under sieving method in comparison to seedling emergence method. Therefore, sieving method was considered superior over seedling emergence method. The feasibility analysis of seed bank extraction methods indicated that sieving was cost-effective, less time consuming, more user friendly with highe...
Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Madeeha Khalid1, Rehman Shehzad1, Sana Mughal1 and A.R. Shakoori2
...tained and processed for extraction of extracellular proteins at pH 9.5 using Tris-Glycine buffer. Placental lactogen was purified by gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex-G100 and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE- Sepharose, employing a linear salt gradient. SDS-PAGE was used to monitor the purification steps, and protein band was located by immunoblotting technique. Bubaline placental lactogen was purified to homogeneity and showed a molecular weig...
Tahira Kamal1*, Saeed-Ul-Hassan Khan2, Amir Bin Zahoor3, Khalid Naeem3, Muhammad Naeem Riaz1, Siddra Tayyab Akhtar4, Ghulam Muhammad Ali1*
...nstruction manual. After extraction RNAs were eluted in 60 ul elution buffer and stored at -70C. Each strain of FMD virus was serially diluted to -5dilution in order to check the efficacy of test. Reaction was completed in 1 hr and 10 min at temperatures 600C. It was also tested in hot water bath on same temperature. Results were same in both techniques. Results showed that LAMP was more sensitive for FMD strain O (positive reaction upto -4 dilution...
Ali Haider Saleem1,*, Khalid Javed2, Masroor Ellahi Babar3, Tanveer Hussain3, Asad Ali2, Afzal Ali2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Zahid Farooq1 and Muhammad Dawood2
...the flock. After the DNA extraction from blood samples, a 1486 bp fragment of exon three was amplified and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed single nucleotide polymorphism (T>A at position 483) and a sheterozygous condition (T>W at position 483). Generalized linear model was used to minimize the environmental effects. The variation i.e. “W” type heterozygous condition showed a higher average daily weight gain. Sequence analysis of ...
Sherin Reda Rouby
...es were subjected to DNA extraction followed by 30 kDa RNA polymerase subunit gene-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (RPO30) together with tissue culture-adapted cattle LSDV/Ismailyia88 strain and two Sheep poxvirus vaccinal strains as control. LSDV yield amplicon differed in length by 21 nucleotides from those produced from SPPV either field or vaccinal strain. Among different LSD clinical samples, skin nodules and scabs are proved excellent sample materi...
Nina Bao1,*, Yongguang Yin2 and Panpan Wang3
...ntrifugation time on the extraction of crude cerebroside. The optimal extraction conditions for the cerebroside as follows: liquid-to-solid ratio 15, standing time 45 min, and centrifugation time 6 min. The extracted cerebroside was purified and identified by using silica gel column and TLC, respectively. IR analysis showed that the extraction has hydroxyl and amide groups, which was ...
Munir Ahmad1, Aisha Hameed2*, Saba Khaliq3, Hamid Saeed Malik4 and Shahida Mohsin5
...and immunophenotype. RNA extraction was performed and RT-PCR procedure was conducted to detect TEL-AML1 fusion oncogene.
Results: Out of 66 samples, frequency of TEL-AML1 fusion oncogene was detected in 5 subjects (7.6%). Almost all TEL-AML1 positive patients carried FAB ALL-L1, B-Lineage immunophenotype, mean hemoglobin level of 6g/dl and age from 3 to 5 years. All these features are related to good prognosis.
Conclusion:
Riaz Aziz Minhas1,*, Muhammad Nasim Khan1, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Basharat Ahmad1, Syda Shaista Bibi1, Mohsin Hanif1 and Afsar Mian2
...r (AJK) and succeeded in extraction of DNA from 23 samples, which were used for further genetic analysis. RAPD makers (n=8) produced 245 bands (30.62±2.87 Mean±SE / primer) of different molecular weights (126-3342 bp), of which, 96 were population specific. Polymorphism was (37.71±5.29%; mean ± SE), with the highest in Muzaffarabad population (54.29%), followed by Poonch (43.67%) and Neelum (36.73%). Values of Shannon’s (I: 0....
Asma Sohail1*, Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi1, Maryum Arif2 and Fatima Najam1
... research deals with the extraction and encapsulation of pumpkin seed oil (Cucurbita pepo). Pumpkin seeds contain many active ingredients including polysaccharides, vitamins, proteins, essential amino acids, carotenoids, fatty acids like linoleic acid and linolenic acid, lignans, minerals and various phytochemicals. Due to the presence of two unsaturated fatty acids, these oils can reduce their biological activity on heating, volatilization, and other paramete...
Sahar Shibli1,2*, Farzana Siddique1, Saeeda Raza2, Zaheer Ahsan3 and Irum Raza4
...re more suitable for oil extraction and peanut butter development because of their high oleic acid to linoleic acid ratio (2.3-2.4). Bard-92 was less preferable cultivar for product development owing to its high linoleic acid (42.56%) and low O/L ratio (0.93) that attributed to its oxidative instability. Sensory evaluation of peanut butter samples showed overall good acceptability of product among the people. Storage study of peanut butter samples demonstrated...
Dur-E-Shahwar1,2, Riaz Ahmad Sheikh1, Nazia Jamil2*
...roduced during petroleum extraction from subsurface in which hydrocarbons are found as a main environmental pollutant. Present study is focused on production of biosurfactants from indigenous bacteria, isolated from produced water and produced water contaminated soil samples collected from three selected sites of Eastern Potwar, Punjab, Pakistan. Forty seven bacteria were isolated out of which five (F1, F3, F20, F23 and C16) were selected on the basis of high ...
Amer Mumtaz2*, Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim1, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui2, Muhammad Naeem Safdar2, Masooma Munir2, Aqsa Qayyum2, Sahar Shibli2 and Muhammad Khalid Ibrahim3
...cation in meat industry, extraction of bio actives, dairy industry, Enzyme technology, fruit and vegetable juice industry, water, waste water treatment, starch modification and removal of food allergens from food. ...
Xuefeng Cao1, Guangneng Peng1, Xiaobin Gu1, Changliang He1, Guizhou Yue2, Jun Shi3,* and Zhijun Zhong1,*
...DV) without nuclear acid extraction, we established a direct amplification TaqMan real-time (RT)-PCR method (DARPM) to detect CPV and CDV in clinical samples. We compared this new method against real-time PCR/(RT)-PCR and it showed no cross-reactivity with other pathogens. Sensitivity testing showed the minimum detection limits of real-time (RT)-PCR were 7.44×101 copies·μL-1 (CPV) and 4.20×101 copies&middo...
Sadaf Rahim and Mudassar Iqbal*
...imization conditions and extraction of insecticidal compounds effective against two major insects pests including Diuraphis noxia and Tribolium castaneum. The pure fungal strain of Trichoderma was grown using two different nutrient media including Glucose Peptone Yeast Broth (GPYB) and Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) and the effect of organic extract was investigated against selected insects’ pest. From this study it was found that the mycelial extract of T....
Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq1,*, Muhammad Waqar Younas2, Jamil Anwar2, Syed Mustansar Abbas3 and Shahid Bashir3
...work, the separation and extraction of three different enzymes (alpha-amylase, cellulase and pectinase) from aqueous system has been studied by applying novel concept of unidirectional freezing. To separate the enzymes from their aqueous system, directional freezing was applied horizontally through synthetic enzyme contaminated water samples, called radial freezing. After complete freezing, the samples were collected from various sections of the frozen mass an...
Muhammad Zameer Khan1, Sair Sarwar1*, Ahmad Khan1, Razaullah Khan1, Munazza Yousra1 and Muhammad Ilyas2
...ub>OAc were tested for K extraction from soils. The results showed a high positive correlation between AB-DTPA and NH4OAc extractable K, plant growth and yield parameters. The amounts of soil K had positive correlation with shoot K concentration and grain yield of wheat with r = 0.48 and 0.49, respectively for AB DTPA as compared to that of 0.40 and 0.42 for NH4OAc K. On the basis of the study it was concluded that AB-DTPA soil test metho...
Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas1,2*, Adewumi Moses Olubusuyi1, Olayinka Olaitan Titilola3 and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,3
...es were subjected to RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, three (5l-UTR, VP1 and EV Species C [EV-C]) different PCR assays and sequencing of amplicons. EVs were further subjected to [‘]Illumina sequencing. All CCS were negative for EAVs and GARVs. Four CCS produced R-CPE in HEp-2 cell line, three of which were positive for the 5l-UTR assay. Of the three isolates, two and none were positive for the VP1 and EV-C assays, respectively. One of the two VP1 amplicon...
Adewumi Moses Olubusuyi1, Ogunsakin Temitope Rachael1, Ogunrombi Sefiu Babatunde1, Ojeamiren Iduda1, Olawole Alaba Samuel1, Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas1,2* and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,3
...ls were subjected to RNA extraction, RT-snPCR, amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Eleven and one of the 30 pools of RD and L20B cell culture supernatants, respectively, were positive for the RT-snPCR. Nine of the 11 amplicons from RD and the only from L20B were sequenced and identified as seven EV types; Coxsackievirus A4 (CV-A4), CV-A6, CV-A13, CV-A17 (both RD and L20B), CV-B2, Echovirus 9 (E9) and Enterovirus A76 (EV-A76). Our findings suggest so...
Sumaira Abbas1, Muhammad Sultan Haider2,*, Fatima Kafayet1, Sana Ashraf2, Atifa Masood3 and Moazma Batool4
...grinded. Organic solvent extraction was carried out by hexane and acetone mixture (1:1 v/v). Carotenoid concentration was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and found satisfactory. By mixing fish meal, sunflower meal and rice polish four treatment diets, T1, T2, T3, were prepared and citrus peel powder was added @ 200g, 400g and 600g/ 1000g, respectively. While fourth one, control diet (To) was without cit...
Arjumand Nizami1, Muhammad Zulfiqar2*, Jawad Ali1, Naushad Khan2 and Imran Sheikh3
...tity of irrigation water extraction particularly keeping in view the climate change scenario and saving in cost of energy that is used for tube well operation ultimately adding to profitability of the farmers. These results are in line with a number of earlier studies. The respondent farmers also claimed improvement in paddy yield but along with AWD technique and laser land leveling there might be other agronomic factors adding to yield improvement as this stu...
Hassan Boulahyaoui1,2*, Sanaa Alaoui Amine1,3, Marouane Melloul4, Farida Hilali5, Elmostafa El-Fahime1,3, Saad Mrani1,2 and Nadia Touil1,5*
...™. After RNA virus extraction, the rotavirus VP7 and VP4 genes were amplified. The DNA was purified, sequenced and genotypes were determined using the RotaC online classification tool. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood method applying the Tamura 3-parameter model in MEGA 6.06 package and statistically supported by bootstrapping with 1000 replicates. The amino acid sequences of the antigenic regions of the outer capsid prote...
Zahooruddin1*, Muhammad Altaf1, Ayaz Ahmad1, Farooq Alam1
GRADIENT ASCENT INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS ALGORITHM FOR TELECOMMUNICATION SIGNALS
...or un-mixing and feature extraction of the fixed
input block lengths. In case of varying block lengths re-adjustment of the maximum number of iterations and the
step size parameter is required. In this paper, we introduced an Adaptive Step size Gradient Ascent ICA (AS-GAICA)
technique for varying block length that can also controls the maximum number of iterations adaptively. The performance
of the proposed technique is compared wit...
input block lengths. In case of varying block lengths re-adjustment of the maximum number of iterations and the
step size parameter is required. In this paper, we introduced an Adaptive Step size Gradient Ascent ICA (AS-GAICA)
technique for varying block length that can also controls the maximum number of iterations adaptively. The performance
of the proposed technique is compared wit...
Sajjad Hussain, Nisar Mohammad, Zahid Ur Rehman, Noor Mohammad, Ishaq Ahmad, Naseer Muhammad Khan, Salim Raza
EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY CYANIDATION PROCESS FROM COMPLEX ORE OF SHOUGHUR AREA CHITRAL, KYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...g parameters for maximum extraction of gold and silver from complex ore of Shoughur area of district Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on laboratory scale testing. The research work was carried out into two parts. In first part the cyanidation parameters like grinding time, dosage of pH, cyanidation time, dosage of sodium cyanide (NaCN) and dosage of lime Ca (OH)2 were optimized. The samples were subjected to differential grinding time varying from 20 to 35 minutes...
Atta Ur Rehman, Laiq Hassan, Nasir Ahmad, Kashif Ahmad, Shakirullah
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND HAMMING DISTANCE USED FOR IRIS RECOGNITION
...ormalization and feature extraction, the Rubber Sheet
Model and one-dimensional (1-D) Log-Gabor Filter are used respectively. Finally for classification/matching of iris
patterns, Hamming Distance and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are applied. The evaluation results on CASIA V.1
dataset show that Hamming distance algorithm is more suitable for the classification (with average accuracy of
93.85 %) of iris patterns....
Sajjad Hussain1*, Nisar Mohammad1, Zahid Ur Rehman1, Noor Mohammad1, Ishaq Ahmad1,
Naseer Muhammad Khan2 and Salim Raza1
EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY AGITATION CYANIDATION PROCESS FROM COMPLEX ORE OF SHOUGHUR AREA CHITRAL, KYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN
...ssing technique used for extraction of gold utilizing
different cyanidation parameters likes grinding time, pH, cyanidation time, sodium cyanide (NaCN) and lime CaO..
The efficiency of cyanidation process depends on dosage of each parameter. In present research work the extraction
of gold and silver by cyanidation process from shoughur area of district Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was carried...
Nisar Mohammad*, Mohammad Mansoor Khan* Noor Mohammad*
CHARACTERIZATION OF TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES, DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...ped after excavation and extraction of emerald crystals. Present research work was undertaken for devising a suitable and commercial processing technique for the said talc carbonate rocks. Thorough investigations were conducted using SEM-EDX X-Rays Dif...
Nisar MohammadŮ, Mohammad Mansoor KhanŮ, Noor MohammadŮ
EXTRACTION OF HIGH QUALITY TALC FROM TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES BY FLOTATION AND LEACHING
...ped after excavation and extraction of emerald crystals. Controll of environmental threat caused by these rock dumps is an additional benefit of the research. Two step froth flotation process with AF65 (Poly propylene Glycol, Cyanamid) as frother, Sodium hexa metaphosphate as depressant for carbonates, equal mixture of oleic acid and kerosene oil as collector gave encouraging results. It was found that talc can be separated as float at pH 6 - 7±0.2...
Saeed Gul*, Muhammad Irfan*, Hazrat Bilal*, Atta-ur-rehman*, Umair Khan*, Sadaqat ullah khan*
RECYCLING OF USED ENGINE OIL USING SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND DISTILLATION
...ign: justify;">A solvent extraction process has been used to recycle the used engine oil. The solvent used for the treatment of used engine oil is a mixture of ethanol, 1- butanol and toluene. The effect of operating parameters on the recycling process has been investigated for optimal conditions. The process parameters considered were agitator speed for blending, boiler temperature and solvent to used oil ratio. The maximum recovery for refined oil was 72% us...
Zahid Hassan Tarar1, Muhammad Salik Ali Khan2*, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi3, Raza Salim4, Irfan Ahmad Saleem1, Saima Nazar5, Munir David2, Tahir Majeed6, Muhammad Sufyan Mughal7, Muhammad Saleem8, Umer Iqbal9, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal10 and Muhammad Khalid Shaheen3
...ine Penta-Acetate (DTPA) extraction methodology. Quantification was carried out by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Hot water-soluble (HWS) Boron (B) was determined spectrophotometrically. Additionally, soil samples were also analysed for electrical conductivity (EC), soil pH and soil organic matter (SOM) contents. These characteristics were correlated with plant available micronutrients. The DTPA-extractable Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn ranged from 0.07-5.60...
Shikun Ge1, 2, Yanli Yang3, Brindha Chelliappan4, 5, Antonysamy Michael5, Fagang Zhong1 and Xiaoying Zhang1, 2, 3, 4*
...antibodies. However, the extraction methods and storage stability of IgY antibodies from egg yolk for feed supplements remain major problems in mass production. Based on Based on IgY antibody titer, IgY thermostability, IgY acid and alkali resistance, resistance to trypsin and pepsin, four different IgY purification methods (PEG extraction, water dilution method, the effect of liquid egg yolk and egg yolk powder preparations...
Shahid Ali*, Aijaz Ali Channa, Waqar Ahmad, Rafia Akram and Imbasat Yousaf
...ical mutation and forced extraction, dam developed the signs of peritonitis, subcutaneous edema and labored breathing.
...
Rabab Rafaqat1, Habib Ahmed Rathore1, Tariq Masud2, Imran Hayat1* and Imtiaz Hussain1
Determination of Different Chemical Constituents of Fruit, Leaves and Oil of Olea cuspidata (Wild Olive) Grown at Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
...y the process of solvent extraction and was studied for physicochemical properties like refractive index, specific gravity, pH, free fatty acid, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification number and unsaponifiable matter. Results indicated that fruit and leaves of wild olive grown at Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir had moisture content (48.33±1.6 and 53.33±1.4 %), crude fiber (4.40±0.3 and 10.0±0.9 %), crude protein (0.80±...
Zhi Chen1, Toshifumi Minamoto2, Longshan Lin3 and Tianxiang Gao4,*
... expensive. Cheaper eDNA extraction kit was a potential aspect for improvement to expand further application of eDNA analysis. In order to examine some cheaper kits’ effectiveness of extracting eDNA of macro-organisms and select an optional low-cost kit, a test among three kits was held. 12S rRNA bands of marine fishes on the agarose gel preliminarily revealed that all three kits could successfully extract eDNA from field water samples. Digital PCR resul...
Sana Mehmood1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Muhammad Summer1, Sher Muhammad Sherawat2, Shaukat Ali1*, Sajida Naseem3
...ical identification, DNA extraction and sequencing. We identified 38 morph-species, representing 22 genera and 8 families. Accuracy of morphological identification was confirmed by barcode analysis of tissue samples. A standard barcode sequence of COI (Cytochrome c Oxidase I) was recovered from 90 specimens of spiders. Percentage accuracy of morphological identification was 92.10%. Four morphologically misidentified spiders were allotted to correct taxon after...
Nasir Rashid1,2*, Javaid Iqbal1,2, Umar Shahbaz Khan1,2, Mohsin Islam Tiwana1,2 and Amir Hamza1,2
... processed using feature extraction approach and finally classified into movements using classification techniques. This research article mainly focuses on classification of motor movements recorded in the form of EEG signals of four limb movements. The database used in this study has already ben been utilized by the researchers earlier with different combinations of classification techniques based of feature extraction. The...
Oluseyi A. Olayinka1, Temitope O.C. Faleye2, Oladipo O. Omotosho3, Oladapo A. Odukaye3, Bolaji Oluremi4, Ibipeju H. Ibitoye1, Oludayo O. Ope-Ewe1, Uwem E. George5, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo6, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel Donbraye9, Olufunke P. Adeniji10, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi1,11* and Johnson A. Adeniji1,11,12
...ubjected to nucleic acid extraction, cDNA synthesis and Illumina sequencing. Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in the raw reads were determined and assembled using the Kmer Resistance tool v2.2. From the 2,974,257 reads generated, 21 ARGs with statistically significant reads were identified. Almost all targeted broad-spectrum antibiotics with over 50% targeting Tetracyclines. Five (ant(6)-Ia_3, tet(40)_1, tet(Q)_1, tet(W)_5 and tet(O/W)_4) of the ARGs were pr...
Raza Ullah Khan1*, Ahmad Khan1, Mohammad Zameer Khan1, Fayyaz Hussain1, Zafar Islam2 and Muhammad Asad Hameed2
...ntial to be used for the extraction of humic substance, a macroorganic molecule. The humic substances were extracted quantified and characterized using techniques such as spectrophotometer, High Performance Liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The analysis showed the presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic sites. The Fourier infrared spectroscopy analysis showed spectrum bends at different wave...
Mohammed Akinlabi Rufai1*, Abideen Akinkunmi Wahab2, Kamil Ayo Fasasi1, Quadri Olusegun Adeshina1 and Mary Tolulope Awotidebe1
...tion method of nematodes extraction. The five different concentrations of H. bacteriophora were made in distilled water (µg/l); one sample not treated with nematode was served as control. Biocidal efficacy was achieved by collecting soil samples, sterilized and kept into experimental plastic plates labelled as A, B, C, D, and E. This was further divided by weight into five equal portions labelled as A1-A5, B1-B5, C1-C5, D1-D5, and E1-E5, respectively. Th...
Rahat Rukhsana1, Shahnaz Rashid2, Asma Fatima2, Owais Iqbal Khan3, Syed Babar Hussain Shah4, Mumtaz Ali4 and Ghulam Abbas2*
...ned by using the acetone extraction technique. Ponds water sample (50 liters) was filtered through plankton net of 20 µm pore size and preserved in 4% formaldehyde for the analysis of phytoplankton. Subsequently, the phytoplankton were counted under microscope. Result showed that water quality parameters of all fish farms were suitable for farming purpose excluding Shamimul Hassan Farm, Fish Farm Green Co. and Ghulam Ali Nizamani Farm, where high level o...
Weenghar Ali Chandio1, Tajnees Pirzada1*, Abdul Majid2 and Farzana Rashid3
Elharony, S.B.1,3, SaharA.Youssef2 and Richard F. Lee3
...>A simple and applicable extraction method for the isolation of
high quality nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) to detect all graft
transmissible pathogens of citrus including prokaryotic pathogens,
DNA and RNA viruses and viroid provides a new approach to virus
and virus like detection and identification. The method provides a
pure preparation of un-degraded RNA and DNA in high yield and
can be c...
AdlyAbd-Alla1,2, MahaNada3, Francois Cousserans1, and Max Bergoin1
Dina N. Abd-Elshafy
... was used for methanolic extraction. Cytotoxicity assay was
carried out according to Aquino (1989) to identify non-cyotoxic concentrations of the
prepared extract. Plaque reduction assay was performed to investigate the anti-HAV activity
of the green tea extract according to Tebas (1995), evaluate its effect, to test effect of
applying green tea extract against contaminated drinking water with HAV and study stabi...
Hadeer M. Mossa, Ausama A. Yousif, Emad A. Aboelsoud, Mahmoud El Gamal, Ahmed El-
Sanousi
...ID50/ml,
DNA extraction and PCR for the candidate strain was performed using universal and specific primers
for virus identification and confirmation. The size of the produced amplicons was 192 pb for the
universal primer and 502pb, 1452pb for the specific primers respectively. Metagenomics is done to
evaluate a virus harvest for standardization by applying a suite of genomic technologies and
bioinfor...
Aamer Abbas1, Jabbar Khan1*, Mir Abid Hassan2, Asif Qayyum3 and Hamed Shafiq4
..., sperm counting and DNA extraction for assessment of clinical and molecular attributes was done using standard protocols. Healthy women were used as negative controls. This study revealed significant concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu. Except Zn and Pb, the other 3 metals were found below the permissible limit set by WHO. Interestingly, the infertile males having maximum age limit of above 47 years and highest marriage ages during the present study showed c...
Guan-bao Ning1, Sheng Niu1, Yue-jian Li1,2, Xiao-xiao Lu1,3, Shi-xiong Yang1, Ali-Raza Jahejo1, Ding Zhang1, Wei-fang Hao4, Wen-wei Gao1, Yu-jun Zhao1, Jian-hui Li1, Fang Yan1, Rong-kun Gao1, Yu-hai Bi1,5, Wen-xia Tian1* and Ling-xia Han6*
...-infection (dpi) for RNA extraction. Transcriptome analysis was performed to explore the immune responses of chicken erythrocytes to MDV infection at 14 dpi and 22 dpi. In total, 129.6 million reads of two groups at two time points were mapped against the reference genome (Gallusgallus 5.0). A significant differential pattern of the immune response of chicken erythrocytes was identified by the GO and KEGG databases between the two phases of MDV infection. The ...
Miloudi Hilali1*, Hanae El Monfalouti1, Larbi El Hammari2, Farid Amar3, Zakaria Mennane4, Malika Haddam5, Nadia Maata6 and Badr Eddine Kartah1
...r and December 2020, the extraction was made by mechanical cold pressing. After extracting the olive oil, the physico-chemical analysis such as acidity, humidity, fatty acids and sterols was assayed. The results obtained the sample which extracted in the month of december contains a higher percentage of β-sitosterol (95.2%) and higher percentage of oleic acid C18:1 (75.4%). Time of the maturation is a factor that can significantly influence the quality of...
Khaliq Dad1, Muhammad Nawaz2*, Muhamamd Ibrahim3, Fengliang Zhao4, Rumsha Hassan2, Humaira Nawaz5, Muhammad Usman Saleem6, Kinat Javed2, Ayesha Komal2 and Hajra Naz2
..., rhizofilteration, phytoextraction. This review paper has summarized the impact of Cd on soil, plants and humans and strategies to remove or minimize its toxicity by applying some low cost and environmental friendly techniques. ...
Liyun Chang1, Yingbin Chen1, Qian Kang1, JianhuaQin1,* and Zhiyong Liu2,*
...Balb/c mice, followed by extraction of total RNA from small intestine of infected mice at 1, 3, 7 and 14 dpi, respectively. The relative expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 in the small intestine of Balb/cmice infected with C. parvum, were then detected using Ct value comparison method (RT-QPCR2-ΔΔCt). The primers were designed according to the sequence of mouse cytokines in GenBank. The expression levels o...
Mohammed Abdel-Mageed Abdel-Aziz Abdel-Mageed1, Eman Alsayed Hammad2*, Nashaat Abdel-Aziz Mahmoud1 and Anas Farag El-Mesalamy1
...ons and solvents used in extraction. The aqueous extract had the best percentage of mortality and inhibition of egg hatching compared to the acetonic and methanolic extracts. Whereas, aqueous extracts of deadly nightshade, winter cherry and chili pepper at concentration 500 ppm applied to the plants as foliar sprays alone, foliar sprays with chelates and soil drenches were tested against root-knot nematode M. javanica infecting tomato plants cv. Strain-B under...
Hailemariam Assefa1*, Tesfahun Dagnaw2
... was obtained by soxhlet extraction method. The maximum oil yield using petroleum ether was found 18.4% at a temperature of 70oC and a minimum yield of 13.5% at 30oC while at the same operating condition ethyl acetate and methanol resulted a maximum yield of 17.0% and 16.5% and a minimum of 12.0% and 13.0% respectively. So petroleum ether is a good solvent to afford high yield in this work. The oil was analyzed by GC-MS and result in the identification of the ...
Amjad Ali1, Muhammad Amir2*, Bilal Ur Rehman2, Zafar Khan3 and Abid Munir1
...mage followed by feature extraction. In this paper, a novel encryption method for minutiae based low-quality-fingerprint framework is proposed. The proposed encryption algorithm works through addition of spurious information to the originally extracted fingerprint data. The addition of spurious information is in correlation with the originally extracted features. The proposed approach is best suited for minutiae based information encryption and the proposed en...
Syed Sikandar Habib1*, Saira Naz2, Sehar Khalid3, Rimsha Kanwal2, Iqra Ameer1, Sadia Nawaz1 Aamir Khan4, Abid Ur Rehman5, Muqaddas Kousar6, Shafa Ullah Khan7 and Nadia Nazir7
...up) and 2%, 4% and 6% of extractions for the other three groups. Duration of the experimental work was six weeks. Water quality parameters including temperature was 29 ± 0.5, DO: 5.7 ± 0.04 and pH: 7.5. Results revealed that the 6% Agaricus bisporus has shown higher lysozyme activity and ACH50 level, while no significant enhancement was observed in Ig. Beside this all the haematological parameters including WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct and differential leuc...
Mohammad Hussain Haidary1, Rozanaliza Radzi1*, Muhammad Waseem Aslam1, Seng Fong Lau1, Farina Mustaffa Kamal2, Ahmad Rasul Radzali1
...al and full mouth dental extraction was applied in 16/57 (28%) cats and result exhibited 1.7% (n=1) death, 3.5% (n=2) partial remission, and 22.8% (n=13) full recovery. Intralesional triamcinolone injection was able to manage FCGS in the short term. Serratiopeptidase or papain alone was not effective in the management of the FCGS.
Keywords | Feline chronic gingivostomatitis, FCGS, Caudal stomatitis, Halitosis, Dental extraction...
Zane Vincevica-Gaile1, Karina Stankevica1, Maris Klavins1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Damat Damat3*, Praptiningsih Gawawati Adinurani4, Lili Zalizar5, Muhammad Zul Mazwan6, Juris Burlakovs7,
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi8,9, Rista Anggriani3 and Aamir Sohail10
...s still is based on peat extraction and processing. Due to peat’s fossil origin, it can be considered environmentally unfriendly and unsustainable. Seeking peat-substituting materials is of crucial importance on a global scale and may become a vitally significant assignment for future generations. The necessity for peat-free soil amendments is also directed by the targets of circular economy and environmental sustainability goals, leading to reducing or ...
Lanjie Li1, Jingjing Zhang2, Ruiyan Zhang2, Ning Zhang2, Zixiang Wei2, Guiqin Liu1,*, Riaz Hussain Pasha3, Muhammad Akram Khan4 and Saif-Ur-Rehman5
... was established for the extraction of antioxidant oligopeptides from donkey meat by two-step enzymatic hydrolysis. The influence of enzymolysis on the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and protein recovery (PR) were evaluated, and the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and molecular weight distribution of oligopeptides in hydrolysates were studied. The optimum enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were identified at 5.96 pH, 0.7% enzyme-substrate ratio, 55ºC ...
Riaz Shah1*, Shaikha Hilal Al Ismaili2, Sheikha S. Al-Siaby1, Amal Mohammed Al Nasiri2, Thuraiya Hafidh Al Maskari2, Jamal AlSabahi3 and Huda Al-Ruqaishi3
...using advanced microwave extraction system. The essential oils chemical composition was determined using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrum (GCMS). Significantly higher oil yield was obtained from the fresh conventional Omani basil (675±25 µL per 100 g) which had the lowest number of volatile compounds (21). The fresh organic Belgian basil had the lowest amount of oil (325±12 µL per 100 g) but the highest number of compounds (35). &alph...
Sana Khalid1,2*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman2,3, Usman Hameed2,4, Shabnum Shaheen1, Muhammad Naveed Shahid5, Khajista Jabeen1, Farah Khan1, Muhammad Saleem Haider1
...e later confirmed by DNA extraction from whiteflies and symptomatic plants followed by PCR amplification of CP gene and full length genome of viruses for authentication of results. So, it has been confirmed that whiteflies were not responsible for transmission of CpCDV and MCV from diseased to healthy plants....
Ishrat Younus1,2 and Afshan Siddiq1*
...carry out the fractional extraction of crude extract with different solvents based on polarity to identify the active constituents with exact analgesic and antipyretic mechanistic action of Raphanus caudatus as well as clinical trials are required in future for medicinal use of the plant in humans....
Rabia Bibi1, R. Muhammad Tariq2, Samir A.M. Abdelgaleil3 and Munawwer Rasheed1, 4*
...xtracted using a Soxhlet extraction method with solvents of varying polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol). Five different concentrations of the extracts were subjected to the toxic assessment against two species of stored grain pests (Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus maculatus). Results obtained from experimental trail proved that the C. maculatus were susceptible with higher adult mortality than S. oryzae. The highest toxic effect was induced b...
Amira M. Nowier1, Hassan R. Darwish2, Sherif I. Ramadan3, Nadia A. Abo El-Maaty2 and Othman E. Othman2*
...s were collected for DNA extraction; 74 from Zaraibi, 41 from Damascus, and 45 from Barki breeds. Two genotypes, TT and TC, in the α-lactalbumin gene were identified using single strand conformation polymorphism. DNA sequencing resulted in one non-synonymous MT163744: g.128T>C SNP (TCG Ser> CCG Pro) at the sixth nucleotide of α-lactalbumin gene exon III. Barki breed showed the highest heterozygosity (0.260) and effective number of alleles (1....
Roshana Mukhtar1, Shaheen Shahzad1*, Sajid Rashid2, Maryam Rozi2, Madiha Rasheed3, Imran Afzal4 and Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq5
...rocessed for genomic DNA extraction followed by Sanger sequencing to identify pathogenic mutations in UROS gene. Sequence analysis revealed a pathogenic missense mutation (c.935T>C [p. L237P]) in the exon 10.The sequence was further analysed in-silico to determine the effect of pathogenic mutation on protein structure. In-silico analysis and comparison between UROSL237P and UROSWT 3-dimensional structures revealed remarkable changes in the binding site of U...
Nabila Khan1, Imran Ahmad2 and Muhammad Bilal Sadiq1*
...fy;">Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of total phenolic content (TPC) from almond hull was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). TPC and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were used as response variables. Almond hull extract was chemically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCMS). The extraction conditions wer...
Judith Kiptoo1*, Daniel Mutisya2, Paul Ndegwa1, Ruth Amata3, Lucy Irungu4 and Rotich Godfrey5
... were collected for PPNs extraction by using modified Baermann’s technique and identification by morphological features. The findings indicated that four major genera were abundant in different citrus growing ecological zones in Kenya. The identified species were Meloidogyne incognita, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Helicotylenchus dihystera and, Pratylenchus brachyurus. The most abundant species in all the surveyed localities was T. semipenetrans. Factor re...
Jiang Wu*
... separated using Soxhlet extraction method with light petroleum as organic solvent. The antibacterial properties of T. officinale extracts against foodborne pathogens were evaluated by agar diffusion method. Sub-inhibitory concentration (SIC) value, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value were measured. The virulence gene expression of the four foodborne pathogens was analyzed by quantitative real-time PC...
Noora Hassan Hezam Al-Aqmer1*, Zain Aamir2, Muhammad Farooq Hanif3, Soumble Zulfiqar4, Sibgha Zulfiqar1, Mateen Izhar5 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4*
...icipant and used for DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. After restriction, samples were run on 2% agarose gel followed by visualization under UV light. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS 24. We found that the distribution of ApaI genotypes was 28 (42.4%), 27 (40.9%), and 11 (16.7%) for the genotypes AA, Aa, and aa in responders and 22 (33.3%), 26 (39.4%), and 18 (27.3%) in non-responders. The all...
Mudassar Jehan1, Masroor Ahmed Bajwa2, Mohammad Masood Tariq2, Asim Faraz3*, Abdul Samaad2, Jameel Ahmad1 and Yousaf Hassan Barozai2
...eed were sampled for DNA extraction. Some specific markers (15 out of available 30 SSR markers) were employed in the present study to highlight genetic polymorphism. The PCR was utilized for amplification of individual DNA samples. All of the 15 SSR markers were amplified. After gel documentation, a total number of 97 alleles were recognized having 1 to 5 polymorphic forms (OARFCB193, OARJMP29, MAF33) to 4 (OARHH47, DYMS1, SRCRSP5). For total loci, number of a...
Chandni Wajid1, Abdul Hameed Baloch1, Ahmed Nawaz Khosa1*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri2, Nasrullah Bangulzai1, Sarfraz Ali Fazlani1, Haleema Sadia3, Saeeda Kalsoom4, Muhammad Bilawal Arain2, Wassem Ali Vistro2
...ds and processed for DNA extraction. Primers were designed using Primer 3 software and PCR was performed. PCR products were sequenced and analyzed for observing genetic variation in PROP1 gene of these four sheep breeds of Balochistan. The result for PROP1 gene analysis showed 7 variations including 3 frame shift and 4-point mutations with c.63G>A, c.83G>A, c.94G>T, c.104C>G, c.237G>A, c.432T>C and c.450C>T were observed in all three exons...
Heba Abdo Basha1, Walaa Slouma Hamouda Abd El Naby2*, Samya Erian Ibrahim3, Abeer Fikry Elnahas2
...d from each bird for DNA extraction. Four birds were selected randomly/group to be slaughtered for carcass traits. In MSTN, only six non-synonymous SNPs were recorded leading to four amino acid substitution in exon 1 and 2 amino acids substitution in exon 2. In low body weight, only one non-synonymous mutation was recorded at exon 2. The 3’UTR-IGF-2 sequence showed 14 SNPs in high body weight and three SNPs in low body weight. The carcass weight percenta...
Dalia M. Aboelhassan1*, Inas S. Ghaly1, Noha E. Ibrahim2, Nermeen M. Shaffie3, Mariam G. Eshak1, Aboelfetoh M. Abdallah4, Ibrahim M. Farag1
... animal cells, since the extraction of this medicinal herb can modulate the over-expressions of IkBα, mdr1a and COX-1 genes to favorable or normal levels in rats. Moreover, it may be able to markedly ameliorate or remedy the histopathological cases.
Keywords | Fagonia cretica, Bisphenol A, Gene expression, Histopathology, Rats
...
Zahra Naz1,2, Fouzia Ismat1, Muhammad Saleem2, Mazhar Iqbal1, Aamir Shehzad1 and Moazur Rahman1,2*
...e devised a strategy for extraction and solubilization of the NDV M protein from Escherichia coli in a single step using a non-ionic detergent, lauryl-dimethylamine oxide (LDAO), enabling the purification of the detergent-solubilized M protein in a soluble form through affinity chromatography without compromising the structural integrity of the protein. Using the purified M protein as a diagnostic antigen, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ...
Muhammad Ikram Ullah
...ollected for genomic DNA extraction. A genome-wide scan was carried out on four affected members to establish homozygosity linkage. The analysis for genotype assessment was carried out, and three homozygous regions were identified. Whole exome sequencing was carried out to identify the mutation in putative gene/s. The data was arranged, and MAN2B1 was selected for the DNA sequencing. Protein homology was analyzed by the pymol tool to predict the effect on the ...
Muhammad Usman1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nasir Mehmood2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3
...ies were identified. DNA extraction was followed by detection of 16S rRNA signature gene using B. burgdorferi s.l. specific primers through conventional PCR. We found that 4.3% dogs and 8.9% tick pools were positive for B. burgdorferi s.l. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (86.5%) was the most abundant tick species. 57.1% I. gibbosus and 8.4% R. sanguineus pools tested positive for B. burgdorferi s.l. Phylogenetically, our sequences clustered with B. burgdorferi sensu ...
Widiastuti Ardiansyah1,3, Osfar Sjofjan2*, Eko Widodo2, Suyadi Suyadi2, Danung Nur Adli2
...ch experimental unit. An extraction and maceration were employed during the early screening of the bioactive compound of turmeric. The treatments consisted of T0 = basal diet, T1 = basal diet + 0.2% turmeric, T2 = basal diet + 0.8% turmeric, T3 = basal diet + 0.2% turmeric + 0.1% probiotics, T4 = basal diet + turmeric 0.8% + 0.6% probiotics, and T5 = basal feed + bacitracin 0.01%. The data were analysed using Proc Means for multiple variates and one-way analys...
Fahrauk Faramayuda*, Soraya Riyanti and Sitty Mahanadhiandinie
...grown in Indonesia using extraction methods other than brewing, i.e., maceration. Study of free radical scavenging activity of 1,1- Diphenyl-2- Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the determination of the total polyphenol content of white tea leaves have been conducted using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Results of the study revealed that the antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, the water fraction and the ethyl acetate fraction of white tea ...
Nosheen Jehajo*, Nasreen Memon, Mansoor Ali Shah and Naheed Shah
...f some other local plant extractions as an alternative to chemical pesticides....
Hafiz Husnain Nawaz1*, Ayesha Ahsan2, Amir Afzal1, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Muhammad Jan1, Kashif Ali1, Muhammad Arsalan1 and Rizwan Latif3
Saima Rubab1,3*, Ghazala H Rizwani2, Arjumand Iqbal Durrani3, Iram Liaqat4*, Urooj Zafar5, Mahjabeen6, Farah Batool7, Noor-E- Seher3, Naveera Younas3 and Ayesha Sadiqa8
.... sinensis L. Successive extractions of all plant parts was performed with different solvents like, petroleum ether, acetone, ethanol and water. Phytochemical analysis of all extracts showed the presence of polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides and carbohydrates in all plant parts with varied strength. Phytochemical analysis showed comparatively high percentage yield of ethanolic extract of all plant parts, hence was employed for evaluating...
Salma Bessalah1, Samira Jebahi2, Asim Faraz3*, Amel Raoufi2, Cem Tırınk4, Walid Dridi2, Mahmoud Daouad2, Hassib Keskes5, Touhami Khorchani1, Khaled Farah2, Abdul Waheed3 and Mohamed Hammadi1
...antly (P<0.05) as the extraction temperature and time increased (19.71%) at 70°C for 12 h. EPR spectroscopy demonstrated that 10 kGy of radiation-induced the decomposition of side groups. New peak positions (Paramagnetic centers) were located at around 3800 G. Moreover, an enhancement of EPR peak (3300 and 3400 G) (g-factor = 2.0) was detected. In addition, free radicals trapped in the crystalline regions were moved toward the boundary regions and the a...
A. M. Rahoo1, 2, †, T. Mukhtar3, B. A. Bughio4, S. R. Gowen1 and R. K. Rahoo5
.... affine and
extraction methods was investigated on the production of IJ in Galleria mellonella. There was significantly greater
emergence of IJ of S. affine from the Galleria mellonella using White traps than with modified Baermann extraction
trays. In Baermann extraction trays, the maximum emergence of IJ of S. affine was o...
Jax Vincent Gamulo, Maye Pearl Bolina, Jessica Serena Brion, Via Crishiela Nicole Dela Rosa, Roxanne Francesca Maglaya, Carl Lexter Tan, Aimee Caye Chang*
...Notably, plant parts and extraction techniques used affected the resulting fasciolocidal activity of the plant extracts. Linear regression revealed a low inverse relationship between the plant extract concentration and the mortality time (R2 = 0.37). Meta-analysis revealed a significant summary effect among included studies, with high statistical heterogeneity (P < 0.05). Moreover, the forest plot showed significant difference (P < 0.05) between the acti...
Aamir Mushtaq1*, Fatima Habib2, Umar Farooq Gohar3, Abdul Malik4 and Mobasher Ahmad2
...ld) was prepared by cold extraction technique. Acute toxicity studies were performed in female albino mice by administration of single oral doses (4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 g/Kg/po) respectively, to individual groups (n=5) and after that the behavioral changes were observed. To find the chronic toxicity, the animals were divided in three groups (n=6) which were orally administered with normal saline, P. anisum methanolic extract 400 mg/Kg, and 800 mg/Kg respectively fo...
Ayaz Ahmed1*, Muhammad Zulfiqar1 and Saadutullah Khan2
...nagement and sustainable extraction of NTFPs in study areas and also provide tools and trainings to local collectors....
O. A. Fabiyi, G. A. Olatunji and O. Atolani
...ected to successive cold extraction using n-Hexane, Ethyl acetate and Ethanol. Thirty grams from the resulting crude extracts were further subjected to open column chromatography on silica gel (100-120 mesh grades) using glass column. The chromatographic fractions were tested in vitro along with their crudes and carbofuran on
Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Iqra Javed1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Shaukat Ali3, Muhammad Khan1, Farah Rauf Shakoori1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1 and Muhammad Abrar Yousaf1
...nts, tap water as enzyme extraction medium with 2 mL volume, 45°C incubation temperature, pH 7, 300 µL inoculum size, 24 h incubation period in agitated condition with substrate particle size of 4mm during one factor at a time optimization. Concentrations of medium components (3.75% tannic acid, 0.75% K2HPO4 and 1.25% yeast extract) were optimized with central composite design of response surface methodology. Tannase characterization data revealed th...
Safriyanto Dako1, Nibras Karnain Laya1, Syukri I Gubali1, Ari Ardiantoro2, V.M Ani Nurgiartiningsih3, Gatot Ciptadi3, Desinta Wulandari3, Suyadi Suyadi3*
...i Kits were used for DNA extraction for an analysis fragment in the microsatellite DNA region using ILSTS017, HEL13, and BM1818 primers. A total of 74 alleles were identified across entire populations. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.407±0.216 (Bali) to 0.716±0.050 (Gorontalo), and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.471±0.084 (Bonebolango) to 0.778±0.222 (PO). F statistical analysis includes FIS 0.038, FIT 0.248, an...
Noor Rahmawati, Alfi Rumidatul* and Sopandi Sunarya
... for 9 days, followed by extraction using ethyl acetate solvent and testing of antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The DPPH radical was used to measure antioxidant activity, and Bacillus subtillis was used as a representative for Gram-positive and Gram-negative For testing of antimicrobials, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used. The experiment showed that the addition of yeast and sengon wood to PDB medium increased the growth and producti...
TAHIR MEHMOOD*, ANUM AFZAL, ABDUL KARIM, MUHAMMAD ASHRAF SHAHEEN &
HINA ARSHAD
Usman Ali1,2*, Basharat Ahmad1, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Muhammad Kabir3, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Liaqat Ali Khan1 and Muhammad Bashir Khan1
...uding preventing illegal extraction of medicinal herbs and lumbering, lessen overgrazing pressure and support reforestation are required to be applied in these areas. These conservation measures will turn unsuitable habitats into suitable ones and also provide connecting corridors for black bear of Neelum particularly to the extended habitats of Gilgit Baltistan and Mansehra regions of Pakistan....
E. K. Allam.1; B. A. Othman.1; Hayam S. Abdelkader2; and Noher A. Mahmoud2
...unds released during the extraction of RNA constitute a limiting factor for the detection of GFLV in infected vines. Both immunological and molecular detection methods provide tools assisting in the understanding of the epidemiology and diversity of nepoviruses as well as to facilitate resistance breeding, cultivar selection, and development of control strategies....
E. K. Allam1; Kh. A. El-Dougdoug1; M. A. Amer2; A. A. Abou-Zaid2; and S. M. Amin2
... The method involved the extraction of circular nucleic acids followed by electrophoretic analysis of the extracts on 5% polyacrylamide gel. A reverse transcription-polymerase Chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used for the isolation and identification of PSTVd cDNA from infected plant materials using a specific primer to PSTVd. A major cDNA product of approximately 360 bp was successfully hybridized with digoxigenin labeled PSTVd cDNA probe....
Ngoc Tan Nguyen1*, Tan Loi Le1, Thi Kim Ngan Vo1, Chi Hieu Do1, Tuan Thanh Hoang2, Nguyen Khang Duong3, Quang Minh Luu4
...om the wing vein for DNA extraction to amplify the fragment length with 536 bp by PCR, and then the PCR products were cleaved with the PstI enzyme. The fragment length with 536 bp was successfully amplified in all individual samples, while genetic polymorphism at the PRL/PstI site was identified as C and T alleles, with allele frequencies 0.811 (C) and 0.189 (T). Three genotypes were observed with frequencies 0.647, 0.329 and 0.024 for CC, CT and TT, respectiv...
Ahmad Noor and Malik Muhammad Shafi*
...sources and ground water extraction satisfied the community needs and rainfall was only recharge method. Boreholes pumping technique was used mostly for irrigation. The Logit model investigated the impact of climate change was responsible for 73 percent variation in groundwater level. These climate factors included precipitation (Rainfall), temperature, humidity and delayed seasons. Rain patterns such as decrease in rainfalls with low frequencies showed positi...
Muhammad Aijaz1, Nasir Mahmood2, Ghulam Mujtaba3 and Imran Riaz Malik1*
Nadia Jabeen1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1*, Rehana Naz Syed1, Muhammad Ali Khanzada2 and Alia Gul3
...ar characterization, DNA extraction was performed from the samples using a kit , and PCR amplification was done using ITS4 and ITS1F primers designed from the conserved regions as described in the previous studies. The amplified PCR products were sequenced from Macrogen Korea, via worldwide scientific Pakistan. Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences was done based on the maximum similarity method using Mega 6.0. The spore was smaller as co...
Iram Liaqat1*, Noor Muhammad1, Muhammad Mubin2, Najma Arshad3, Tehreema Iftikhar4, Sumera Sajjad5 and Farzana Rashid5
...cidal potential. Further extraction and purification of bioactive components from these bacterial may be a good source of novel antibiotics and natural-insecticides....
Arnold Christian Tabun*, Ferdinan Suharjono Suek, Cardial L Leo Penu, Johanis A. Jermias, Thomas Lapenangga
...DNA analysis such as DNA extraction, Polymerase Chain Restriction, DNA sequencing, and identification of DNA sequences nucleotide. Bali cows with sorrel, black and white coat colors are used with an age range of 3-5 years. DNA sequencing conducted multiple alignments, the identification of the genetic distance, and the preparation of phylogenetic trees using the software Mega X. The results of PCR sequencing of Bali cows with different coat colors in Kupang we...
Akram Ali Baloch1*, Adeel Ahmad2, Kaleem U. Kakar3, Sara Naudhani1, Samiullah Khan1, Agha Muhammad Raza3, Imrana Niaz Sultan1, Humaira Zahid4, Saadullah3 and Shakeela Daud1*
...s were collected and DNA extraction was performed by inorganic method. DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and subsequently sequenced to confirm any genetic variability in the affected individuals of the families. As a result, two different missense mutations (c.830C>A resulting p.Ala277Glu and c.332C>T resulting p.Pro111Leu) in affected individuals in two of the families were identified. The nonexistence of mutations in EPM2B in the other two...
Dhurgham K. Seger1, Rahman H. H. Al Qasimi2, Azhar A. Jaffar3, Salah H. Faraj4, Ahmed I. Ateya5*
...he age of 10 months. DNA extraction and PCR reactions were carried out at the biology sciences laboratory of the Marshes Research Center/Thi-Qar University. Sequencing technology was used to detect mutations in SSTR1 gene. The results of the multiple alignment analysis of the sequence of SSTR1 gene indicated the presence of one mutation 264 A>G. The obtained mutation produced three genotypes, namely AA, AG, and GG. The frequency of the genotypes AA, AG and ...
Nurul Fajrih1,2, Komang Gede Wiryawan1*, Sumiati1 and Suraya Kaffi Syahpura3
Dan Song1,2, Ming-Juan Ge3, Jie Li1,2, Yi Jiang1, Xiu-Mei Kong1, Jiao-Jiao Xu1, Xu Ji1,2, Rui-Xin Shi1 and Qin Zhao1,2*
...yed to evaluate the best extraction methods. Male Kunming specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice were randomly divided into blank control, model (hypoxia), positive (propranolol 30 mg/kg + hypoxia), and three G. straminea ethanol extracts dose groups (10, 5 and 2.5 g/kg respectively + hypoxia), administered intragastrically once a day for 14 consecutive days. After that, multiple hypoxia experiments were conducted including soda lime normobaric hypoxia test, sodium...
Rana Mahmood Ahmad*, Orooba Mohammed Maeed Ibrahim
Alhudaib, Khalid
...tal nucleic acids (TNAs) extraction. One hundred mg of leaf veins and or cortical scrapings were used for extraction. Samples were macerated in 1 ml of grinding buffer. TNAs were recovered with a silica-capture procedure and stored at —200C till used. 8-10gl of TNA extracts were mixed with Igl random hexamer primer, (Boehringer Mannheim, GbmH) (0.5 g/gl). RT-PCR assay of leaves extracts of infected fig accession using ...
Amer, H.M.; Hussein, H. A.; El-Sabagh, I. M.; El-Sanousi, A. A. Saber,M.S. and Shalaby, M. A.
...d from gel using DNA gel extraction kit (Millipore). Eluted DNA was successfully cloned in pBlueBac4.5N5-His TOPO TA baculovirus transfer vector and transformed in chemically competent E. coli. A modified colony PCR assay was utilized to identify the positive bacterial colonies that harbor the recombinant plasmids carrying N gene in correct orientation. Generation of recombinant baculoviruses was achieved by co-transfection of Spodopetra frugiperda (Sf-9) inse...
Ahmed M. Manthoor, Ali H. Saliem*
... involved collection and extraction of P. oleracea with absolute methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus and phytochemical analysis of extract. While in the second step, the antibacterial effects of the extract as compared with ciprofloxacin, as well as zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), by using 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 mg/ml concentration of the extract, while 1.562, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50,...
Geeta Moolchandani1, Jaiperkash Moolchandani2*, Nasima Iqbal3,
Syed Mohsin Turab4, Muhammad Kashif5 and Lubna Farooq6
...e of labor (29%), vacuum extraction (23.4%), premature delivery (25.5%) and intrauterine growth retardation (16.6%). Overall, 95.2% neonates were identified to have one or more of these contributing factors. Stratified analysis showed that over all neonates of female gender were associated with having more frequency of HIE. Maternal anemia was found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of HIE. The frequency of HIE risk increased with increasing m...
Riaz Alam1*, Muhammad Sajid2, Imtiaz Hussain3, Gulzar Ullah1, Hussain Shah3, Muhammad Arshad Farooq3 and Rashid Muhammad4
...um stage for quality oil extraction in olives in the local environmental conditions of Sangbhatti, Mardan-Pakistan....
Jaime Vera Chang1, Arianna Torres Coronel2, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Kerly Alvarado Vásquez2,3 and Frank Intriago Flor4*
MARIAM ZAHEER*1, SYED SHAHID IMRAN BUKHARI2, MUDDA
...synthesis, fermentation, extraction and applications of exopolysaccharides....
UMER YOUNAS, SHAHID IQBAL* & JAMSHED AKBAR
...of different solvents on extraction of antioxidants from M. nigra leaves have been studied. Initially, samples were dried using different drying procedures (shade, oven and microwave drying) and extracted using different solvents (ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol) in combination with microwave-assisted extraction technique. Antioxidant potentials of extracts were determined in terms of total phenolics, total flavonoids an...
MUHAMMAD NADEEM1, MUHAMMAD WASEEM MUMTAZ1&MUHAMMAD DANISH1
...ultrasonication assisted extraction followed by comprehensive investigation of antioxidant activity and α-amylase inhibition potential of hydroethanolic leaf extracts of Vitexnegundo. Freeze drying assisted ultrasonicated extraction revealed highest level of total phenolic contents (258.29±2.52 mgGAE/g DE) and total flavonoid content (155.91±1.75 mgRE/g DE) in 60% hydro-ethanolic V. negundo leaf extract. ...
UZMA PARVEEN1, MASROOR ELLAHI BABAR1*, NIDA BABAR2, TAHIRA MUGHAL3 & AKHTAR ALI1
...gave typical births. DNA extraction technique was applied. Primers were designed, amplified by PCR and RFLP were performed to identify the TNF–alpha -308 and -238 polymorphisms. The frequencies of TNF-alpha -308 genotype TNF GG, GA and AA were 37%, 10% and 3% with measurably estimation of 0.07039 (P<0.05) as indicated by HWE for the preterm and postterm conveyances while for the typical one proportion of GG, GA and AA were of 5%,10% and 5% with factua...
Shama Sadaf1*, Ayesha Saeed1, Komal Hassan1, Zeeshan Ahmad2 and Maha Naeem Butt1
Ahmed Kareem Kadhim Al-Wasmee1, Waddah Salam Hassone2, Hawraa Talib Al-Janabi3, Hamed AH Al-Jabory1
...zer set at -20oC for DNA extraction. This genomic DNA purification was used following the instructions provided in the kit to extract the parasite DNA. The results revealed that the rates of infection of calves with T. anullata in Babylon Province were 36/90. The infection rate of T. anullata was recorded for females (47.5%) and males (34 %). Results showed that the highest infection rate (62.5%) was recorded at the <1 M, (39.1%), at 1-2 M, (20%) at 2-3 M, ...
Shah Zeb Khan1, Ali Hazrat1*, Farman Ali Khan2, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar3, Muhammad Ajmal Khan4 and Hayat Ullah1
...tions by solvent-solvent extraction. In phytochemical tests of roots fractions; HR showed the presence of terpenoids, while saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids were detected in CR. EtR was enriched in terpenoids and phenols and the butanol fraction (BR) contained terpenoids and flavonoids. Similarly in stem fractions; HS contained alkaloids and phenols while terpenoids and Phenols were present CS. EtS showed the presence of flavonoids, while butanol fraction (B...
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1 , Bilal Ahmad Khan*1, Saima Anwar2, Ahsan Aziz1, Rizwan Maqbool3, Muhammad Kashif Sohail4, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid1, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1, Amir Aziz4
... the plant part used for extraction. Results depicted maximum
mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination
percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of red rice with
application of 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S.
oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis of this experiment, it is
Claude Mona Airin1*, Miyayu Soneta Sofyan2, Galy Hardyta3, Khrisdiana Putri4, Pudji Astuti1
... hours, and 80% methanol extraction followed by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) analysis on cortisol, T3 and T4 levels carried out. Other data, such as the number of visitors, mileage, and number of horse riders, are also recorded. The average daily cortisol level during the low season is 392.41 ng/g dry feces, with a total visitor count of 21 without tourists riding horses. Meanwhile, the peak session reached 413.56 ng/g dry feces with 759 visitors and 12 tourists ...
Jasmin Shah,FARHAT UN NISA SHEHZAD
Chika Bright Ikele1*, Ugwu Venita Uju1, Chioma Faith Ikele2
...xtract concentration and extraction solvent. The two highest mortalities of 54.2% and 53.1% occurred at 0.1 g/ml ethanol and chloroform extracts of bitter leaf, respectively on 24-h exposure duration. The likelihood of a significant effect of duration of exposure on infective theront mortality resulting from the extracts was significant (Likelihood ratio [LR] χ2 = 973.95, p < 0.0001). The lethal concentration (LC50) estimates of bitter leaf ethanol and ...
Babar Khan1, Muhammad Zafar Khan2 and Garee Khan2
...n alleviated by avoiding extraction of fuel wood and timber from natural forests.
Key words: Firewood, forest conservation, Bunji, WWF, Gilgit-Baltistan ...
Ayaz Khan Marwat, Anwar Ali and Saz Muhammad
...as it allows for limited extraction of timber and non-significant reduction in carbon stock in the forests....
Muhammad Ayaz
...of over and uncontrolled extraction. As a
result, Kuth has been listed as
Threatened with Extinctionin Appendix II of CITES. Therefore, the production and utilization of this drug plant need to be regulated through management plans and in situ and ex-situ cultivation. This on one hand will ensure sustained supply of Kuth, compatible with its survival, and on the other provide additional job opportunities for the local communities....
Javed Afzal, Abdul Sattar Alvi and Sarwat Naz Mirza
...lock
owners and by the extraction of shrubs and bushes
for fuel. Valuable grasses like Washta/Hadden
(Stipa pennata), and Granang/Rangai (Enneapogon
persicum) have almost vanished. These were the
important palatable perennial grasses representing
the climax of range ecosystem in highland
Balochistan. Now, these have been replaced by
Saba/Kaj (Chrysopogon aucheri), a sub-climax
stage in deterioration of the original cover
(Joh...
S. M. Yasin and T. A. Qureshi
...flakes before
and after extraction with cold and hot water separately
and by mixing Portland cement at the rate of 66% of
air-dry weight of the board Physico mechanical
properties of different panels indicated that the
dimensional stability of panels containing cold water
extracted flakes was poor as compared to those
containing hot water extracted flakes. The modulus of
rupture, nail and screw withdrawal resistance of panels
containing hot water extr...
Muhammad Hafeez and Muhammad Afzal
...nsidering two
elements, extraction of firewood and grazing of
livestock, as major factors affecting viability of
forests, they were studied with a few basic
socio-economic variables and their ultimate effect on
adjoining forests accounted. It has been concluded that
majority of the people around the Scrub Forests depend
almost entirely on state forests to meet their daily
basic needs of firewood and grazing of livestock....
Mohammad Ayaz and Gerhard Stohr
...s to suit the subsequent extraction and transportation system. The methods and means
of timber harvesting not only determine the magnitude of material to be extracted and economic gains of the operation but also the preservation of remaining stand and site....
K. M. Siddiqui
... by chlorination, alkali extraction and hypochlorite bleach. Facilities for the fourth stage
were not available and therefore, a low pulp brightness of 750 GE was attained. The bleached supphate pulp was evaluated in the form of mixed furnish for the manufacture of different grades of paper and paperboard and its quality was compared with imported long fibre
pulp used for the same purpose. The strength properties of paper and board containing chir pine pulp ...
Hafsa Tauqir1, Imran Ahmad2 and Muhammad Bilal Sadiq1*
...ct (BPE) under optimized extraction conditions. Beetroot pomace was further used to develop a flavored yogurt. The highest responses for DPPH inhibition (66.6%), betaxanthins (174 mg/L), betacyanins (265 mg/L) and TPC (2.78 mg GAE/g) were observed by extraction optimization. The antibacterial activity of the pomace extract was tested against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diff...
Humam T. Hadi1*, Orooba M. S. Ibrahim2
... first part involved the extraction of clove oil and the synthesis of SaAuNPs using a green synthesis method. The second part involved the induction of psoriasis in mice using 5% imiquimod cream, followed by topical application of different concentrations of SaAuNPs, clove oil, and salicylic acid. The second part evaluated the effectiveness of SaAuNPs in reducing psoriasis symptoms in mice. The findings showed that SaAuNPs had a significant (P≤0.05) anti-in...
Nematode Community Structure in Musa acuminata Colla (Lakatan) Farms with Continuous Cropping System
Baby Nhor K. Ambel1*, Nneka Djen A. Matandog1, Neil Pep Dave N. Sumaya2, Florence Roy P. Salvaña1, Bryan Lloyd P. Bretaña1 and Ma. Teodora N. Cabasan1*
...unity structure. For the extraction of nematodes, soil and root samples were collected from various banana farms practicing monocropping for 2-4, 5-9 and 10-15 years. Farms with prolonged monocropping showed an increased population of plant-parasitic nematodes compared to free-living nematodes. Nematode family Hoplolaimidae was recorded as the most dominant (59.59%-80.49%) across all monocropping durations. Shannon and Simpson’s diversity indices were lo...
Aura Oktiefa Adyantono, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Daud Samsudewa*
... article selection, data extraction, statistical analysis (heterogeneity, summary effect, publication bias test) were used in this meta-analysis. Statistical analysis was supported by Open MEE and R Studio. The results show that Bos indicus have lower progesterone levels in the proestrus phase compared to their crossbred with Bos taurus, but no significant difference in other reproductive hormone levels. This also occurs in estrus activity parameters, where th...
Fadia W. Al-Azawi1* , Huda M. Hamid2, Husam Jasim Mohammed1 and Jan Muhammad3
...next years. The data and extraction process runs through various techniques by analyzing data statistically using SPSS and interpolation techniques using GIS. In this study, IDW estimated the rainfall distribution in the ROI. Furthermore, to obtain optimal interpolation rainfall data, root mean squared error value for Kriging, and IDW was measured. The results showed that IDW interpolation for rainfall data can obtain more accurate results; a smaller RMSE is d...
Amaq Fadholly1,2*, Endang Tri Margawati1, Alek Ibrahim1 and Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra1
...n purified following the extraction continued with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The Association of MYF5 genotypes with body weight and body size measurements was analyzed using General Linear Model by SAS 9.4 program. The result showed that MC4R gene with HpyCH41V restriction enzyme was polymorphic with three genotypes of CC, CG and GG with frequencies of 0.18 (9), 0.32 (16) and 0.5 (25), respectively...
Waqas Ahmad Shams1*, Gauhar Rehman2, Muhammad Ismail3, Rahmul Kabir4 and Abdul Qahar1
... water were employed for extraction. The results demonstrated significant antioxidant activity across different extracts in different in vitro assays. Particularly, the aqueous extract exhibited potent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity compared to other extracts. Similarly, the aqueous extract displayed high anti-OH* activity in the H2O2 assay. In contrast, the ethanolic extract showed superior antioxidant potential in the ferri...
Sana Nawaz1, Shahzor Gul Khaskheli1*, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1, Inayatullah Rajper2, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh3, Ashfaque Ahmed Khaskheli1 and Shaista Soomro1
...e types, focusing on the extraction of target bioactive compounds. The review highlights the substantial amount of waste generated throughout the FV supply chain, resulting from inadequate management practices in fields, harvesting, processing, transportation, storage, and distribution. This waste not only represents a loss of food but also leads to degradation of valuable components, including bioactive compounds, with significant implications for various ind...
Taqwa Safdar, Khalid Abbas*, Muhammad Sarfraz Ahmed, Hina Amjad, Sumra Naz and Jamal Kazam
...dus River sites, and DNA extraction was done by proteinase-K and standard phenol/chloroform DNA isolation method. Genomic DNA was PCR amplified by Labeo rohita cross-species amplification of H. molitrix. The results showed a low-to-moderate level of genetic diversity. The number of alleles on each locus ranging from 2.0 to 6.0, with an average of 3.48 was observed at various loci. The average observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.664 to 0.76 and...
Afnan Ahmed Allhyani1, Mohamed Baeshen1, Nagwa Thabet Elsharawy2,3*
...
Keywords: Ethanolic extraction, Water extraction, Foodborne pathogens, Antimicrobial agents, Meat preservation, Goat meat
...
Truong Thanh Trung1, Nguyen Thi Kim Dong2, Tran Long Hai1
...nted soya waste, soybean extraction meal, Operculina turpethum, and Pennisetum purpureum. The experiment was carried out for 12 weeks in which sperm of the experimental rabbits was collected and analyzed weekly. After 12 weeks of semen collection, 1 bucks per treatment with stable semen quality were used for mating with does to evaluate reproductive performance. Six does were used for each treatment (total 30 doe rabbits). The results of the study showed that ...
Plinio Vargas Zambrano1*, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Julio Ibarra Arteaga4, Camilo Chávez Ceballos4 and Ramona Párraga Alava1
...three replicates. Garlic extraction was carried out by a mechanical method which used a KM grater which consists of generating friction on a surface with sharp holes to separate the fibers into particles, colorimetry analysis was performed with a Konica Minolta CR-400 colorimeter, a viscosity analysis using a rotational viscometer and a hedonic scale of 7 points sensory analysis, the data were processed in the Minitab program, ANOVA and Dunnet. It was determin...
Eman Mamdouh Qenawy1, Mohamed Abou-Ellail1, Fatma Abdel-Motaal2, Mohammed O. Alshaharni3, Nady Khairy Elbarbary4*
...contamination during DNA extraction, the presence of inhibitors, and suboptimal PCR conditions can affect the accuracy of results and are considered limitations of PCR.
Keywords: Adulteration, Contamination, Food safety, Meat products, Species
...
Iram Alam Sthanadar1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Sami Siraj2 and Omar Malik2
...y using the Wiz-Prep DNA extraction kit (Wiz-Prep no. W54100). Sanger sequencing was used for genetic analysis. Data analysis was done by using IBMS-KMU SPSS 23 version. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for T2DM subjects was determined using an online HWE calculator. The rs1057910 polymorphism in CY2PC9 gene responsible for drug metabolism was analyzed which showed that our population has high frequency of major allele CC which confirmed that patients receiving ...
Yusuf Subagyo*, Merryafinola Ifani, Hermawan Setyo Widodo
...raction from 50% Ethanol extraction has the lowest LC50 (560.63ppm). Replacement of concentrate using dried C. calothyrsus in the diet of lactating PE goats had no effect (P>0.05) on productive performance such daily gain of T1-T2-T3-T4 respectively (0.20±.02;0.22±0.01;0.22±0.02;0.20±0.02kg/day), feed efficiency (12.03±1.31;13.02±0.7;12.59±0.78;11.87±1.53%), average milk production (662±55; 691&...
Abdussalam Muhyideen Zainab Funmilayo and Lee-Hoon Ho*
...ce and juice with enzyme extraction but not pasteurised nor clarified served as control 1 and control 2, respectively. The juices were evaluated for pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids, vitamin C content, and microbial load at six-day intervals for 30 days. The pH and vitamin C content of the beetroot juices significantly (p <0.05) decreased during storage. However, there was no significant influence on the total soluble solids over storage t...
Nur Anis Hashim1, Nor Hasima Mahmod1*, Abubakar Abdullahi Lema2, Lee-Hoon Ho3 and Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker1
Bassant Mahmoud Emam1, Jehan Abd Elrazek Hassanen1, Abeer Gaffer Ali Hassan3, Azza Mahmoud Abdullah1, Hadeer Said Aboelnaga2, Amina Ali Dessouki2*
...ing different methods of extractions of fenugreek, different doses and durations, different comparisons with other antidiabetic drugs having different mechanism of action than DAPA.
Keywords: Fenugreek, Dapagliflozin, Liver function, Diabetes mellitus, Streptozotocin
...
Khalid Nabieh1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Ahmed Ali1, Ali Zanaty3, Magdy F. Elkady1
...ubia in Egypt. Following extraction of total RNA from these samples, the partial segments of IBDV VP1 and VP2 were amplified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Followed by sequencing of these segments, and a phylogenetic analysis of the strains was performed to evaluate the genetic divergence and IBDV reassortment. The genetic analysis revealed that the variant strains were more frequent (80%) than the classical (15%) and vvIBDV (5...
Muhammad Waqas1*, Razia Bashir1, Haroon Ali2, Arslan Shahzad1 and Tehmina Saddique3
...ethod and simple solvent extraction method. The effects of habitat nature, n-Hexane to algal biomass ratio, algal biomass particle size, and contact time on the percentage yield of extracted lipids were studied and analyzed. The study showed that algae from agricultural runoff had the highest lipid extraction efficiency at 3.9%, while industrial effluent samples had the lowest at 3.56%. The hot plate magnetic stirrer method ...
