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Johanna Lindahl 1, 2

British Journal of Virology
...ngue virus is one of the pathogens benefitting from this. The related virus Japanese encephalitis virus is the most important cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis in the world, and is maintained in avian reservoirs and amplified by pigs. The occasional spill-over of the virus into humans results in more than 60 000 clinical cases of Japanese encephalitis annually, with high case fatality rates. The main vectors preferably feed on livestock and breed in rice f...

Brittany D. Rife 1,2, Marco Salemi 1,2*

E-mail | [email protected]

...al dissemination of pathogens. Infection of a single host can be viewed similarly as an epidemic spread on a microscale, creating a unique opportunity for the application of phylogeography at the intra-host level, which has until recently been limited by dataset quality and the lack of a rigorous statistical framework. As recently described in studies using the SIV-macaque model of neuroAIDS, the incorporation of
spatial, temporal, a...

Claudia Kohl*, Andreas Nitsche, Andreas Kurth

Email: [email protected]

...community of etiological pathogens, without any knowledge on the targets in advance. However, clinical specimens usually comprise an overwhelming amount of host nucleic acids, which by far exceeds the number of pathogen nucleic acids in the sample. Subsequently, it is necessary to either decrease the amount of host nucleic acids or increase the amount of pathogen nucleic acids, to allow for detection via metagenomic NGS. This minireview is revising our develop...

John G. Bruno

...riching specific E. coli pathogens during aptamer-magnetic separation in food samples, leading to a greater ability to detect these serotypes if coupled with genetic identification techniques such as PCR or gene probe hybridization.

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Sana Irshad Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal2, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Shaukat Hussain3

...ned against Wilt causing pathogens using the dual culture assay. Among them, Aspergillus flavus was found active fungus against the selected vascular Wilt causing fungus and bacteria, i.e. Fusarium oxysporum (87.50 ± 0.11% inhibition), Xanthomonas campestris (67.00 ± 0.46% inhibition) and Clavibacter michiganensis (72.00 ± 1.02% inhibition). The A. flavus was grown on two different media, i.e. Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) and Glucose Nutrie...
Waheed Anwar*, Muhammad S. Haider, Ahmad A. Shahid, Hamid Mushtaq, Usman Hameed, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman and Muhammad Javed Iqbal

Gabriela Mansano do Nascimento, Helena Lage Ferreira and Clarice Weis Arns

 

...of the host to recognize pathogens by means of specific pattern recognition receptors. This interaction induces the production of cytokines, chemokines and interferons. Through Janus kinase/signal transducers and transcription activators pathway, interferon induces the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), responsible for playing an essential and decisive role in the virus pathology. Some studies have already reported the overexpression of these...

 Eman M. Farghaly1, Ahmed Samy1,2*, Heba Roshdy

...tance of major bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella and Pasteurella spp. in Egyptian quail farms. Such information is important for drug choice and success of treatment as well as spotting the light on emerging antimicrobial resistance that represent major concern for public health. A total one hundred swabs and 500 organ samples were collected from apparently healthy and freshly dead quails respectively. Bacterial iso...
Ahmed Mujtaba1, Tariq Masud1, Asif Ahmad1, Waqar Ahmed3, Saqib Jabbar3* and Robert E. Levin2
...nst different food borne pathogens and quantification of the chlorogenic acid (CA) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The chlorogenic acid was isolated using resin. The recovered amount of compound was calculated. Aliquots of the extracts at known concentration of chlorogenic acid were then applied against different bacterial strains for antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration of isolated compound was also measured. Two a...

Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty

Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...differentiation of viral pathogens.These methods, initially based solely on identifying the distinct biological characteristics of different viruses, were soon supplemented with methods based on light or electron microscopy and serology and subsequently by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) and finally the use of molecular (nucleic acid-based) techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis of plant viruses. While the technologies available to virologists ...

M. B. Meah

Biopesticides for crop growth and crop protection
...-off and seedling blight pathogens,Phomopsis vexans and Sclerotium rolfsii. In the field, garlic and allamanda spray reduced leaf blight severity by 84-86% and fruit rot by 91%. Severities of nematode and virus infection were also reduced significantly with allamanda spray. Active compounds in allamanda leaves have been separated and identified.Formulated trichoderma effectively controlled soil-borne diseases including root-knot nematode. Mahogany oil spray re...

Sitansu Pan, Surojit Khalko and Amrita Das

Effect of some fungicides on seed mycoflora, germination, viability and their persistence in treated seeds
...he highest appearance of pathogens viz.,Alternaria alternata was recorded in seeds of mungbean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.), A. brassicae in mustard (Brassica campestris L.) and Drechslera oryzae in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Propineb 70WP and prochloraz 45EC considerably reduced the appearance of A. alternata and flusilazole 40EC reduced Fusarium sp.in mungbean seed than untreated control.Amarked reduction in population of A. brassicae by difenoconazole 25EC and flu...

S. K. Dutta, S. Roy Chowdhuri, D. Pandit and A. K. Bajpai

Rot diseases of muga host, Som (Persea bombycina) in Assam, India
...the infection of rotting pathogens on Som plants at Regional Muga Research Station (RMRS), Boko, Assam, India with during 2004-06. The disease incidence (DI %) caused by B. mediterranea was 12% while P. contigus showed 20% infection. Correlating the age of Som plants with susceptibility rot infection was found to be maximum in 10 years old plantation. Keywords: Rot disease, Som, Muga, Heart rot, Canker rot, Phellinus contigus, Biscogniauxia mediterranea, Assam...

Sitansu Pan and Someshwar Bhagat

Biological control of plant diseases
...oth bacterial and fungal pathogens. Smilarly, fungal-fungal, fungal-bacteria and actinomycete-fungal/actinomycete interactions exist in nature and opens a new area of research in biocontrol of plant diseases. The mechanisms of action of these biocontrol agents against target pathogens are antibiosis, mycoparasitism, competition for space and nutrient, production of certain toxins and secondary metabolites, solublization and ...

Goutam Mondal

Plant growth promoting activity of some indigenous Tricho-derma isolates and their field performance against sheath blight of rice in old alluvial zone of North Bengal
...against soil-borne plant pathogens, namely, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Padw.) Matuo. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Efficacy in plant growth promoting activity of all the isolates was also tested on cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis L.), chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with culture filtrate of biocontrol agents and found both positive and negative effect on seed germination, plant growth and vigour...

T. P. Ghosh, D. Mandal, S. Laha and M. K. Dasgupta 

Dynamics and severity model in managing fungal diseases
...he diseases (referred as pathogens) that were the highest and fastest during warm and wet (rainy) months were: Alternaria alternata on Polyanthes tuberosa; Alternaria alternata and Septoria chrysanthemella on Chrysanthemum indicum; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria sp. on Dracaena deremensis; Alternaria sp. and Cercospora hibisci-manihotis on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Calathea ornata; Alternaria sp. on Ficus religios...
Bushra Niaz1,*, Tahir Zahoor1, Muhammad Atif Randhawa1 and Amer Jamil2
...prevalence of food borne pathogens in final packaged food products as well as for food preservation/ biocontrol, this study was designed to isolate lactoferrin from milk of camel. Cation exchange resin (CM-Sephadex C-25) was used for the isolation of lactoferrin using the fast protein liquid chromatography. The lactoferrin was further characterized through sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Disc diffusion method was applied ...
Rais Ahmed1,*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Sarwar Khan2
...lecular diversity of the pathogens together with sero-conversion in animals and humans.
...
Muhammad Arslan Khan1,*, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Imran-ul-haq1 and Rashad Waseem Khan2
... agents against isolated pathogens at three different concentration viz., R, R/2 and R/4. Combination of bio agents (T+P) gave maximum results at R concentration against R. bataticola and M. incognita.
...

Mohsan Ullah Goraya1,2, Liaqat Ali1,2 and Iqra Younis3  

...es viruses are important pathogens that cause significant losses in the poultry industry. However, successful establishment of infection in the respiratory tract switch on the pathogen recognition by innate immune receptors and establish first line of defense against viral infections. When specific cellular receptors recognize a virus they trigger the translation of inflammatory cytokine and chemokines leading to establishment of an antiviral state of the host...
Rana Fartab Shoukat1, Shoaib Freed1,*, Kanwar Waqas Ahmad1 and Ateeq-ur-Rehman2
...r transferring a mass of pathogens i.e., West Nile Virus (WNV), avian pox virus (APV) etc. in rural and urban areas. To mitigate these problems study was conducted by using binary mixtures of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (isolates Bb-01, Bb-10), Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (isolate Ma-11.1, Ma-2.4)and Isaria fumosorosea (isolates If-2.3, If-02) and chemical insecticides i.e., bifenthrin, lambda...
Qingying Jia1, Hui Wang1, Tianhong Wang1, Na Dong1, Shuguang Ren1,2, Xiaolong Yang1, Jingze Liu1,* and Zhijun Yu1,3,*
...mit a great diversity of pathogens. The current study investigated the effects of temperature on reproductive fitness of the engorged H. longicornis, results indicated that the engorged H. longicornis could survive all treatments at 0°C and 4°C, and pre-ovipositon periods were prolonged after 0°C, 4°C and 40°C treatment, whereas it was shortened after 37°C stress (P<0.05). The oviposition periods were varied among diffe...
Qamar-un-Nisa1, Muhammad Younus2,*, Muti-ur-Rehman1, Azhar Maqbool3 and Sajid Umar4

 

...nfections of respiratory pathogens. However, impact of co-infections is not well known, especially in broilers. The current study was aimed to assess the probable synergism of E. coli (O78) and velogenic Newcastle disease virus in the broiler model. Three-week-old commercial broilers were inoculated with either vNDV, E. coli serotype O78 or both agents simultaneously or 3 days apart. The birds were clinically observed and swabbed daily. They were...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
...ple drug resistant (MDR) pathogens in milk of camels with characteristically zoonotic potential. Current study was planned to investigate epidemiology of MDR S. aureus in camel milk, and in-vitro therapeutic response to drugs. Two different ecological zones, Cholistan (n=185) and Suleiman Range (n=177) of Pakistan having major population of camel were screened for subclinical mastitis using California mastitis test using convenient sampling techn...

 Muhammad Zahid Kiani*, Arshad Ali**, Tariq Sultan** and Muhammad Munir Ahmed***

CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM ROOT SYSTEM OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUS L) GROWN UNDER SALT AFFECTED AREA OF PAKISTAN
...wth by suppressing plant pathogens. The objective of this study was isolation and characterization of bacterial strains from rhizosphere, endosphere and rhizoplane of sunflower. Thirty six bacterial strains were selected out of 44 from plant root samples along with rhizospheric soil, collected from different salt affected areas of Central Punjab (Pakistan). Selected bacterial strains were characterized morphologically as well as biochemically at National Agric...

 Muhammad Mohsin Raza*, Muhammad Aslam Khan*, Irfan Ahmad**, Ali Ahsan Bajwa***, Hafiz Muhammad Usman Aslam*, Badar Ahsan Ullah****, and Kashif Riaz*

FOREST PATHOGENS AND DISEASES UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE -A REVIEW
...cks of climate change on pathogens and diseases. Biotic diseases, cankers, decays, declines, foliar diseases, root diseases and stem rust of pine have been reviewed with some illustrations of potential disease effects with predicted changing climate. The impact of changing climate on host, pathogen, and their interaction will have frequent and mostly unsympathetic outcomes to forest ecosystems. By employing the proactive and modern scientific management strate...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Muhammad Kashif Prince1, Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*, Mian Saeed Sarwar2, Hazrat Ali2, Tahir Usman2, Asadullah Khan2, Siffat Ullah Khan3 and Shahid Zaman5
...e major gastrointestinal pathogens in young ruminants and has been associated with diarrhea. The current study was conducted in three selected districts (Bannu, Lakki Marwat and Kohat) of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) to determine the prevalence and risk factors responsible for the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in lambs and has been known to cause human infection. Three hundred and sixty fecal samples (n=360) were collected through convenient sampli...

Baharullah Khattak1*, Saifullah2, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharraf Ahmad2, Asad Ali2, Mohammad Junaid2, Ijaz Ahmad Khan3, Taj Ali Khan1 and Mubbashir Hussain1 

...ement of important plant pathogens including root knot nematodes (RKN). In the present studies, 15 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum were collected from different the root knot nematodes-infested tomato field of Malakand and Swat, Pakistan. These isolates were tested for their nematocidal effects against Meloidogyne javanica. Anti-J2 antagonistic test divided the isolates into 5 antagonistic groups or AGs. AG1 was observed as the most antagonistic group, causi...
Abdul Samad1, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Olena Pokryrshko2 and Tauseef M Asmat1,*
...s. 

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Sahar Naz1, Farhan Rasheed2, Muhammad Saeed3*, Shagufta Iram4 and Ambereen Anwar Imran5
Muhammad Sarfraz*, Shahida Hasnain
...g resistance of clinical pathogens against several beta-lactam antibiotics. This study was conducted on 11,725 specimens collected from hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients from July 2013 to June 2016. API 20E system has been used to identify K. pneumoniae and E. coli; preliminary screening for AmpC beta-lactamase production was done by cefoxitin disc followed by inhibitor based confirmatory method. Antibiogram was performed following CLSI ...
Safia Rehman1, Nazish Mazhar Ali1,*, Gerald B. Pier2, Iram Liaqat1 and Bushra Mazhar1
...drug resistant bacterial pathogens in chronic and acute lung infections. It provides a practical approach towards the use of nanoparticles to enhance antimicrobial activity against these pathogens.
...
Xiaqing Chen, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...s that can inhibit plant pathogens. Trichoderma hamatum isolated from infected mulberry fruits was evaluated for its efficiency to suppress plant pathogen S. shiraiana alone or in combination with fungicide carbendazim under laboratory conditions. The results showed that S. shiraiana was not detected on mulberry leaves and branches, whereas it was only detected in mulberry fruits. T. hamatum fermentation broth and its et...
Nimra Naseer, Adeela Fatima and Imran Sajid*
...ultidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens, there is a demand of novel biological active compounds to replace currently used antibiotics in order to evade resistance. Currently, the pathogenic organisms of concern are methicillin and vancomycin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter spp., extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Prot...
Muhammad Babar Khawar1, Muddasir Hassan Abbasi2*, Zillay Mariam1, Nadeem Sheikh1,2*
...h can house a variety of pathogens. As it drains it pollutes the groundwater table and if used for irrigation purpose represents a major health risk not only to humans but also to local flora and fauna. The purpose of current research work was to analyze the toxicity of leachate in Wistar rats. Wistar rats of about 250g were selected and divided into three groups namely Control, Group 1 and Group 2. Group 1 was given 4ml/kg leachate while Group 2 received 4ml/...

 Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Saiqa Andleeb2, Bushra Mazhar1, Anum Imtiaz1, Shaukat Ali2*

Assessment of antibiogram and resistogram of pathogenic bacteria isolated from irrigated wheat field water
...h the study of bacterial pathogens associated with irrigated wheat field water. Study was carried out to check the efficacy of heavy metals and antibiotics against five isolated bacterial pathogens. Different morphological and biochemical tests were performed to identify and characterize bacterial pathogens. Among isolated strains, two belong to genus Staphylococcus spp., other two were Ps...

Farah Deeba, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir, Muhammad Irfan, Javed Iqbal Qazi*

Chitinase production in organisms: a review
...yme have control of phytopathogens, physiological functions and degradation of chitinous waste. Interest in chitin wastes utilization is increasing day by day because of its natural resistance against degradation. The review focused on different sources of naturally chitinase production in organisms was discussed.

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Saman Fatima* and Shazia Iram 

... economy. Due to various pathogens the quality of fruit gets diminished. One of such problem includes the occurrence of various skin disorders which leads to the rejection of fruit in international market. This study was designed in order to identify the pathogens that ruin the peal of Citrus reticulata Blanco (kinnow) in order to improve its quality. About twenty six sampled fruits of Citrus reticulata having damaged skin w...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Saleem Haider1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Ashfaq1, Muhammad A. Aqueel2 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah2
...ication when both insect pathogens were used in combination (SpltNPV 1×108 POB/ml + Bt 0.1 μg/g) i.e. 85.25, 79.31 and 92.11% mortality (in case of 2nd instar larvae) and 70.42, 63.64 and 80.88% (in case 4th instar larvae) of Faisalabad, Chiniot and Sargodha’s population of S. litura, respectively. This study could be helpful to use NPV and Bt in intensive pest management under field c...
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zaheer1, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Muhammad Shafique1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar1
...mong major Gram negative pathogens is an emerging threat and a matter of great concern worldwide. Especially increasing resistance to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporin and carbapenems is an issue of high importance. Present study was aimed to determine the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MBL producing carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative rods (GNRs) isolated from clinical specimens. A clinical descriptive study was...

Manzoor Hussain1, Muhammad Awais2, Farhatullah3, Saiqa Bibi1, Muhammad Rameez Khan3, Afifa Khalid1 and Sajid Ali3* 

...xt-align: justify;">Rust pathogens represent a major threat to cereal crops, though little is known about the status of oat crown rust in Pakistan. This study was designed to assess crown rust status and field based partial resistance of 16 exotic oat lines introduced from Europe along with local check, under natural field conditions at District Mansehra, Pakistan. Data on crown rust severity and host reaction was taken at three scoring dates to assess partial...

 Sohaib Afzaal1, Usman Hameed2, Nasir Ahmad3,*, Naeem Rashid3 and Muhammad Saleem Haider1

...ples. Some opportunistic pathogens were also isolated from these media. Among the tested strains maximum amount of lactic acid (26.457 mg/mL) was produced by the lactobacilliafter 48 h growth in skim milk broth, while the least (12.131 mg/mL) was produced by pediococci. These LAB strains are being studied for their probiotic properties and good quality indigenous starter cultures from them are anticipated to be employed in food industry.

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Sumreen Hayat1,6, Muhammad Hussnain Siddique2, Bilal Aslam1, Habibullah Nadeem2, Asma Ashraf3, Muhammad Saqalein1, Mohsin Khurshid4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Saima Muzammil1,*
... and control of such MDR pathogens.
...

Mehboob Arslan* and Xin Yang 

...e obligate intracellular pathogens and rely on host machinery to successfully cause infections. In order to succumb hosts, viruses have evolved strategies to manipulate specific cellular metabolic pathways that aid the production of viral particles. Viruses need to breach a complex network of metabolic intrinsic factors and microenvironment established within the host cells. The pressure exerted by invading pathogen disrupts the internal balance and dictate th...

Amany Adel, Wesam Mady*, Zienab Mosad, Fatema Amer, Asmaa Shaaban, Dalia Said, Marwa Ali Abdel Maged, Abdel-Satar Arafa, Mohamed Kamal Morsi, Mohamed Khalifa Hassan 

...n with other circulating pathogens. In this study, 1026 confirmed positive H9N2 cases by RT-PCR out of 23182 different examined samples of different species and sectors in Egypt, with a prevalence rate 4.4% by the year 2015/2016. However, the LPAI H9N2 showed a wide range distribution with high geo-prevalence rate in 2015/2016 (96.3%) as positive cases were recorded in 26 governorates., the positive samples were distributed in 783 farms with the highest preval...
Zhimin Yuan1, Yan Yu2, Yanmei Wang1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...al reservoir of zoonotic pathogens. Some strains of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of bats are pathogenic to humans. Hypsugo alaschanicus feeds on insects and has a wide geographic distribution in China, and people are in frequent contact with these bats. However, assessing the gut microbiota, especially the potential pathogens, is needed for public health. Thus, this study aimed to explore the microbial diver...

Amany Adel, Wesam Mady*, Zienab Mosaad, Fatma Amer, Asmaa Shaaban, Dalia Said, Marwa Ali, Abdel-Satar Arafa, Mohamed Kamal Morsi and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan  

...n with other circulating pathogens. In this study, a total of 23182 cloacal and tracheal samples were collected from suspected cases between 2015 and 2016 and submitted to the Reference laboratory of veterinary quality control on poultry production (RLQP) from different poultry sectors and bird species which are distributing all over the Egyptian governorates for examination of LPAI (H9N2) virus by real time RT-PCR. The results confirmed positive samples fr...
Xuefeng Cao1, Guangneng Peng1, Xiaobin Gu1, Changliang He1, Guizhou Yue2, Jun Shi3,* and Zhijun Zhong1,*
...ss-reactivity with other pathogens. Sensitivity testing showed the minimum detection limits of real-time (RT)-PCR were 7.44×101 copies·μL-1 (CPV) and 4.20×101 copies·μL-1 (CDV). DARPM detection of CPV with DNA showed a minimum detectable of 1.53×101copies μL-1, while the minimum detectable amount from the virus culture supernatant was 6.70×101 copie...
Shujjah Haider1,*, Ayesha Maqbool1, Tariq Pervez1, Saima Parveen1, Arfan Ahmad2, Zahid Iqbal3, Javed Iqbal3, Shahid Mehmood3, Amanullah Khan4 and Sajid Umar5
...stry every year. Various pathogens can initiate respiratory diseases in poultry, including mycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). The distribution pattern of MG in layer flocks is not known in Chakwal. Keeping this in mind, current study was designed to know about distribution of MG. The present study was conducted on 25 commercial layer flocks from different regions of district Chakwal, Pakistan. A total of 358 blood samples were collec...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar, Muhammad Imran Hamid, Mubashar Raza, Waqas Raza*, Misbah Iqbal Qamar 

...against soil borne plant pathogens. The present study was conducted with the aim to determine the efficacy of Trichoderma species using dual culture and pot assays against Phytophthora infestans (late blight) and Fusarium oxysporum (wilt) of tomato on different compost including carbon rich compost, nitrogen rich compost and nutrient enriched compost. The species of Trichoderma includes T. harzianum and T. asperellum isolated from rhizosphere of tomato from di...
Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Asma Ashraf 2*, Iram Liaqat2, Bushra Mazhar2, Shaukat Ali2 and Saiqa Andleeb3
...quo;. Isolated bacterial pathogens were identified on the basis of morphological and various biochemical tests. Morphologcal tests included different staining procedures includng Gram’s staining and Endospore staining. Identification  of pathogenic bacterial isolates was confirmed by growing on selective medium. Antibacterial activity of different compounds was observed against the pathogenic bacterial isolates. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC...

Abdul Razzaq1*, Muhammad Islam2, Zahra Islam3, Zahida Fatima1, Munib Hussain4 and Farmanullah5,6 

...nal nematodes are common pathogens in grazing sheep/goats throughout the world which impairs productivity and leads to high economic losses. In most part of the world, drug resistance against anthelmintic is now very common. In this context, various alternative control programs including herbal use against these worms is also an important option. To explore the problem, three available synthetic anthelmintic (Oxfendazole alone, oxfendazole-Levamisole combinati...

Khaled Kaboudi* 

...ng important respiratory pathogens in poultry worldwide. It was isolated from many species of domestic and wild birds. Infection in commercial poultry flocks causes important economic losses, related to high mortality, decrease in animal performance and aggravation of infection by other pathogens. Although H9N2 is endemic in many regions of the world, such as Middle East and North Africa, where the first outbreaks were descr...
Nahed H. Ghoneim, Maha A. Sabry, Zeinab S. Ahmed and Esraa A. Elshafiee*
...n cycle of such emerging pathogens between different ecosystems to avoid public health hazards.
...
Sana Aslam1, Wayne Thomas Shier2 and Imran Sajid1*
...nst multi drug resistant pathogens and to characterize the bioactive metabolites produced by them. A total of seventy strains of actinomycetes were isolated from lake samples, out of them only forty bioactive strains were selected for further characterization on the basis of their preliminary antimicrobial activities. The isolated actinobacterial strains showed an optimum growth at alkaline pH (9.0-9.5). The taxonomic analysis revealed that these isolates were...
Ali Asghar1*, Tariq Mukhtar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Asim Gulzar2
... as a result of both the pathogens applied singly and in combinations. The reductions in these parameters were significantly higher when both the pathogens were applied simultaneously as compared to their sole applications. Similarly, at higher inoculum densities, the reductions were the maximum in all these parameters. Significant variations were observed in number of galls and egg masses per root system in response to both...
Ke Zhang1, Shuai Liu2, Qiu Chen1, Yu Wang1, Li Liu1, Bingjie Li1, Kai Ma1, Xiaoya Wei1, Aijun Li3 and Junyan Li2*
...oteins in ticks or other pathogens but not in H. longicornis. Few reports have described dual specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP-3) in parasites as an antigen. We successfully screened four potential antigens and found that DUSP-3 is a potential novel antigen for ticks.
...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Raza1*, Waqas Wakil2,3, Imtiaz Hussain4 and Misbah Iqbal Qamar

...resistance against plant pathogens and insect herbivores. The plan of the study was to study induction of defense responses and protective effects against Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary and sucking insect pests of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with application of salicylic acid (SA) and β-aminobutyric acid (BABA). Concentration of SA and BABA (2, 4 and 5 mM) were applied to foliage. Application of both resistance inducers suppressed disease develo...

Gulnaz Parveen1*, Salma Gul2, Muhammad Ather Rafi3, Ashfaq Ali Khattak4 and Hikmatullah Jan

...ity for different fungal pathogens and have compounds are more effective to promote the growth of tomato plant. Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) plant is highly susceptible to root rotting fungi causing huge losses each year in Pakistan. Acacia nilotica used as a biofertilizer and Significant (p< 0.05) enhanced the growth of tomato plants. Infection % of all test fungi included Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia sol...
Safia Arbab1, Rehana Buriro1, Shams Uddin Bhugio1, Atta Hussain Shah2,  Jamila Soomro3,Qudratullah Kalwar4, Saqib Ali Fazilani1 and Waseem Ali Vistro5*
...e Aloe Vera against most pathogens found in the wounds of donkey. For this purpose, two different concentrations 30 µl and 60 µl crude as well as ethanol extract of Aloe Vera were used. During this experiment, total 50 wound samples were collected from donkey wounds. All 50 samples were found contaminated with different bacterial organism, among all those 45, 35, 33, and 25 were recorded positive for S. aureus, E. coli, Shigella and Salmo...

Muhammad Jawad1*, Shahid Riaz Malik1, Rana Muhammad Atif2, Haris Ahmed2 and Muhammad Shahzad Afzal3

Species Identification of Gram Wilt Complex through ITS Region by PCR-RFLP Analysis
...lex is caused by various pathogens, including diverse type of Fusarium species. Molecular approach is a useful technique for the identification of wilt complex pathogens. The study conducted to identify the polygenetic association of the pathogens of chickpea wilt complex. Universal Rice Primers based diversity analysis indicates high polymorphism within the collected wilt isolates. Primer...
Chao Zhao1,2, Sigang Fana2 and Lihua Qiua2,3,*
... are susceptible to many pathogens and water quality and diseases affect commercial shrimp production, the relation between these factors are less studied. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of bacterial dynamics and water quality factors on Penaeus monodon larvae. We recorded the survival rates, water quality (total ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate concentration), heterotrophic bacteria, and vibrios during different P. monodon stage...

Zulnorain Sajid1*, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Noreen Akhtar1

Foraging Behavior and Pollination Ecology of Bumble Bee and Honey Bee in Pakistan; A Review
...ical, exotic species and pathogens) involved in the declining of pollinators, a big loss for the economy of Pakistan. The aim of this review paper was to check the importance of honey bee and bumblebee as chief pollinator of agriculture crops. This review indicates how declining factors are alarming for the bumblebee and honeybee.

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Sher Bahadar Khan1, Mumtaz Ali Khan2,*, Hameed Ullah Khan3, Sher Ali Khan4, Shah Fahad5, Faheem Ahmad Khan6, Irshad Ahmad7, Nighat Nawaz8, Sidra Bibi9 and Muhammad Muneeb10
...tant food borne zoonotic pathogens. A total of 1260 poultry meat samples were collected from four different regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and processed for isolation of campylobacter species. A total of 182 (14%) Campylobacter jejuni were isolated using enrichment and plate media followed by confirmation through multiplex PCR. Isolates were tested for 15 antibiotics using disc diffusion method followed by detection of their respective antimicro...

Muhammad Javaid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1 and Muhammad Arslan Khan1

Role of Nanotechnology in Crop Protection and Production: A Review
...anofungicides to control pathogens, plant diseases and nanoherbicides for the management of weeds. It also facilitate in precision farming, targeted use of inputs i.e. nanofertilizers and to overcome the environmental stress seed treatments with nanoparticles, to improve the crop yield use of smart gene delivery system. This technology can also be useful for sustainable water use and irrigation water filtration. It also plays an important role in pollution red...
Mudussar Nawaz1, Iahtasham Khan2, Muhammad Shakeell*, Arfan Yousaf1, Zahid Naseer1, Munibullah1, Ali Zohaib3, Riaz Hussain4 and Qudrat Ullah5
...> are important zoonotic pathogens. Brucellosis is an occupational hazard for veterinarians and animal handlers. The current work aimed to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in buffaloes and goats of Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan. A total of 341 milk samples from buffaloes (n=180) and goats (n=161) were screened by (Milk Ring Test) MRT and milk i-ELISA for anti-Brucella antibodies. Higher prevalence was found in buffaloes (5.6% and 16.1%) t...
Adeen Kiran1, Umar Farooq Gohar1*, Ayesha Farooq1, Malik Muhammad Asif2 and Hamid Mukhtar1
Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance using Plant Extracts
...aused by these resistant pathogens. In this battle, there is a continuous need to develop new drugs or compounds that can cure these infections or to reverse the antibiotic resistance in these pathogens. In recent years different experimental approaches highlighted the importance of phytochemicals present in plants and its ability to kill these pathogens and microbial inability to develop ...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Wakil2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi3 and Waqas Raza1*

Influence of Resistance Inducers on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Contents of Susceptible Chickpea Cultivars after Inoculation with Ascochyta rabiei
... to induce resistance to pathogens may increase mineral contents which prevent the spread of the pathogen.

...

Shishir Sharma* and Laxmi Prasad Joshi

Current Insights on Stemphylium Blight of Lentil with its Management Strategies
...s molecular dimension of pathogens, their effects, pathogenicity, integrated disease management approaches, and future views.

...
Wenyou Huang1, Dan Yü1, Song Huang1,2, Jian Xiao2, Ping Qi2, Anhua Song2* and Zhen Huang1*
...utility of fungal insect pathogens as insect biological control agents for use under field conditions. UV-irradiation of Metarhizium lepidiotae, coupled to growth selection, second metabolites change and insect bioassays using Plutella xylostella larvae as the host resulted in the isolation of a collection of mutants with increased virulence. One mutant, designated, MlUV-40b showed
Ryan Septa Kurnia1* and Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto2
 

...led substances including pathogens and allergens. Current research about mechanism of disease and drug development is conducted in 2D cell culture or in animal models. The 2D cell culture models poorly imitate the condition in vivo and provide limited utility due to mimic tissue physiology in multicellular organisms. Although animal models can be used as pre-clinical tools for new-agent screening prior to clinical testing, there is a growing awareness o...

Uwem E. George1, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo2, Oluseyi A. Olayinka3, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah4, Temitope O.C. Faleye3,5, Bolaji Oluremi6, Arthur O. Oragwa7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel E. Udoh9, Oluwadamilola G. Osasona1,10, Emmanuel Donbraye11, Olufunke P. Adeniji12, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi3,13* and Johnson A. Adeniji3,13,14

...e selection of resistant pathogens and high levels of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs). We examined Nigerian Chimpanzees in Boki Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary, Cross-River State, Nigeria, to detect ARGs. Faecal samples from 15 Chimpanzees in pristine enclosures of Non-Human Primates in the Wildlife Sanctuary were analyzed. All faecal samples were pooled, then resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline. Subsequently, nucleic acid was extracted from the suspen...

Gulnaz Parveen1*, Naila Mukhtar2, Shumaila Irum3 and Nain Bukhari4

...n be made to control the pathogens. Therefore, In the present study, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria, Rhizopus, Mucor, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium moniliforme, Drechslera, Penicillium, and Geotrichum candidum were identified among various vegetables including potato, carrot, okra, eggplant, turnip, cucumber, round gourd, cauliflower, and chilli. These losses result in about a 30% reduction in the yield of th...
Rahma Mohamed, Sara Nader, Dalia Hamza and Maha A. Sabry*
...other virulence of these pathogens should be further considered.
...

Elharony, S.B.1,3, SaharA.Youssef2 and Richard F. Lee3

...div>
transmissible pathogens of citrus including prokaryotic pathogens,
DNA and RNA viruses and viroid provides a new approach to virus
and virus like detection and identification. The method provides a
pure preparation of un-degraded RNA and DNA in high yield and
can be completed within 2 h. It is particularly useful for processing
large number of samples and...

Abd El-Hamid, M.I1; Seham, A. ElZeedy1; El-Sanousi A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1., Abbas, A.M1

...burden from these equine pathogens is immense. Clinical signs may occur despite the presence of a virus-specific immune response in the horse. The current study focus on outbreak recorded in El Zahraa Stud for Arabian horses during 2014 and recorded officially for the first time by OIE in Egypt by the notification presented by Chairman, General Organization for Veterinary Services (GOVS), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, the samples collected from...

Abdou Nagy1, Fatma Abdallah1, Kareem Sweed2, Ahmed Salama3, Mohamed Omar4

...ne of common respiratory pathogens affects
poultry and can cause economic losses, particularly when accompanied with secondary pathogens.
Aim: This study aimed to perform seroprevalence of aMPV for non-vaccinated chicken and duck
flocks from six provinces of Egypt (Ash Sharqiyah, Ismailia, Qalyubia, Menufia, Sohaq and North-
Sinai) and determine its economic effect.
Sahar Mubashar*, Tariq Mukhtar and Nasir Ahmad Khan
...nsmission of blood borne pathogens. As Pakistan lacks medical facilities. the government has to get testing kits and primers from other countries. Only few quarantine centers are available and there is shortage of drugs, beds, trained doctors and paramedical staff. Unfortunately, no vaccine is available yet so the only management strategy is the prevention of infection by wearing masks and following social distancing. Cleanliness, hygiene and quarantine measur...

Ljupco Angelovski*, Zagorka Popova, Katerina Blagoevska, Sandra Mojsova, Marija Ratkova Manovska, Mirko Prodanov, Dean Jankuloski, Pavle Sekulovski

...ost important food borne pathogens. Since the start of the 21st century C. jejuni is the leading cause for food borne enteritis. Another point of attention is the change in the antimicrobial resistance of this microorganism towards some critical antimicrobials used in the human and veterinary medicine. In this study samples were taken from three points in the broiler meat production (farm, slaughter line and cold storage of the meat before shipping to...

Muhammad Madni Afzal1*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Amer Habib1, Waqas Ashraf2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan3, Muhammad Raheel2 and Qaiser Shakeel2

...ar, bulb and root fungal pathogens that badly destroy onion crops, greatly reducing its yield and quality. Fusarium oxysporum is a very common soil-borne fungus that causes basal rot onion and it has the ability to survive in the soil for many years without having a host. Many fungicides are available in the market to control the basal rot of onion which contain hazardous material that continuously destroys the environment and human health. The objective of th...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Safdar Ali Mirza2, Sumera Sajjad3, Shaukat Ali1,*, Muhammad Faiz Qamar4 and Ikram Ul Haq5
... gram-negative bacterial pathogens use flagella to invade foreign surfaces, host tissues and substrates. Flagellar biosynthesis and function in Salmonella typhimurium isregulated by >50 genes. Bioinformatics analysis of flagellar assembly in S. typhimurium identified several conserved structural elements. In this study, FliI a flagellar protein required for flagellar assembly and involved in a specialized protein export pathway was cloned and ...

Mukhtar Iderawumi Abdulraheem1*, Muhammad Ihtisham2*, Abiodun Yusuff Moshood3, Nawab Khan4, Muhammad Owais Shahid5, Shafiq Hussain6, Kumail Abbas6 and Fawad Zaman7

...eral elements along with pathogens, pests, and very importantly viral diseases, restrict the belief of these intended goals. The current experiment assessed the effects of mulching materials and weeding regimes on the severity and incidence of not unusual viral diseases on okra without fertilizers/chemicals application. The treatments were (3×4) factorially designed and fitted into RCBD in field conditions. Weeding consisted of four levels i.e. no weedin...
Ikechukwu Eugene Onah*, Ifeoma Esther Aniaku, Jude Ifeanyi Okwor and Ada Sylvester Haruna
...ow through which disease pathogens could be transmitted. The plasma biochemistry parameters of C. albus determined in this study are higher in females than in the males but the mean plasma biochemistry parameters are not significantly different between the sexes (p > 0.05). A total of 388 crows comprising 276 (71.13%) and 112 (28.87%) from food and water sources respectively were recorded in the study. The population of pied crows in food sources wer...

Mohammed H. Galhoum1, Hamza M. Eed2, Essam S. Soliman1* 

...ontamination by numerous pathogens concerning Salmonella species. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella contributing contamination in chicken samples that were collected from broiler farms and slaughterhouses using conventional culturing, biochemical, and serological identifications versus molecular detection. A prospective study was designed to last for six months from March 2021 to the end of August 2021. A total number of 126 c...
Heba Mohamed Shaheen1, Ali Meawad Ahmed1*, Hosny Abdelltief Abdelrahman1, Rania Helmy Abohatab Abdou2, Aya Salama Mohamed Kamel1
...resistance in food-borne pathogens. Antibiotic resistance is setting the achievements of present day medication at chance. Therefore, in this study 300 chilled broilers carcasses were collected from different poultry markets in Ismailia City, Egypt to evaluate qualitative, quantitative and tetracycline levels. Qualitative determination of tetracycline residues was done using rapid tetracycline test kit. Second aim of the study was fined a safe way to control t...

Rasha Ali Taha Hamza1, Atef Saad Osheba1, Hassan Mohamed Sobhy2, Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal2* 

...lipid oxidation and many pathogens, which carry the risk for human health. The aim of this work is to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as total phenolic and flavonoids contents in both water and ethanolic extracts of galangal and sumac extracts. Also, the effect of previous extracts on quality attributes of beef burger was evaluated. The ethanolic extracts of both galangal and sumac were shown to have significantly higher total ph...

Eman Alsayed Hammad and Atef Mohamed El-Sagheer

...the most important plant pathogens in most Pomegranate cultivation regions. By studying the structure of the plant-parasitic nematodes community inhabiting the rhizosphere of Pomegranate fields, it was found that Meloidogyne is the most common genus and harmful one. So, the efficacy comparative of Chitosan, Marjoram emulsion oil, Trichoderma asperellum, and Vermicompost as alternative eco-friendly control agents for root-knot nematode M. incognita infected Pom...

Jiang Wu*

...cinale against foodborne pathogens. A total of 133 retail meat products were randomly purchased from different supermarkets. All samples were isolated and identified by conventional methods as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Different bacteria were respectively inoculated into LB medium, the OD600 was adjusted to 0.5, and the initial bacterial concentration was adjusted to about 5×108 CFU/mL. T. officinale ...

Haroon1, Chen-Xu Ye1, Yu-Xin Li1, Hong-Xin Zhang1, Qing Liu1, Xiao-Hong Su1,2,3 and Lian-Xi Xing1,2,3,*

...iveness, protection from pathogens and parasites.

...

Ghassan Zahid1, 2*, Sara Iftikhar3, Muhammad Umer Farooq4 and Shakeel Ahmed Soomro5

...biotic stresses, certain pathogens and nematodes, market devaluation and access, urbanization, poor gardening, poverty climate change, small landholdings, exogenous factors and managerial decisions, etc. So, to counter these fruit yield declining factors the use of advanced molecular markers is a handy option for the improvement of the fruit germplasm in Pakistan. Additionally, they also have diverse applications in the area of genetic diversity, varietal iden...

Abdelrahman A. Abdelrahman1, Salama A. S. Shany1, Kareem E. Hassan1, Mansy A. A. Dardeer2, Ali A.1*, Magdy F. El-Kady1* 

...ns are caused by various pathogens, including bacterial and viral agents. In Egypt, the prevalences of avian influenza virus (AIV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and Mycoplasma spp. are high. Thus, co-infection with one or both viruses and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) or Mycoplasma synovaie (MS) is thought to play an important role in the clinical severity of respiratory infections. In this study, we conducted a passive surveillance study for MG and MS a...
Mohammad Belal Shaker1, Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb2,3*, Marwa Magdy Seliem4, Wageh Sobhy Darwish3, Bassam Abdulla Alhawas2, Ahmed E. Tharwat3
...ransmission of foodborne pathogens. Aeromonas spp. is one of the opportunistic microorganisms, that normally inhabits aquatic environments such as fresh, and marine water bodies. Aeromonas spp. might cause food-borne gastroenteritis that might be complicated to cause septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis with high mortalities in immune-compromised persons. This international collaborative research was conducted to investigate the prevalence o...

Mohamed. E. Taha1, Mohamed S. Ahmed2, Ahmed I. Ahmed2, Amany Adel3, Salama Rehab4,5*, Nabila Osman2** 

...d with other respiratory pathogens. In the current study AIV H9 was identified among broiler chickens in Luxor governorate in 2016. Five hundred (n= 500) samples were collected from fifty farms (5 tracheal and 5 cloacal pools from each farm) have been examined by real time RT-PCR for the prevalence of AIV H9. The results revealed that ten farms (20%) were positive for AIV (H9N2). Three isolates with high CT values have been selected for complete sequencing of...

Hanan Saad El-Samahy, Amani Abd El-Naby Hafez, Mohamed Talat Ragab, Disouky Mohamed Mourad*  

...lecular studies on these pathogens to control and avoid their spread in turkey and other poultry flocks.

Keywords | Bacteria, Multiplex PCR, Sinusitis, Turkey  

...
Faiza Ghazanfar1, Masood Rabbani1*, Aamir Ghafoor2 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3
...hicken from pH-sensitive pathogens. The purpose of this study was to define the bactericidal action of organic acids on Campylobacter jejuni, individually and in combination. Total 120 broiler chickens were randomly distributed in ten groups. The groups included negative and positive control, pure organic acid group and commercial organic acid formulation group. Excluding negative control group, all other groups were orally challenged with 0.1 ml of the 6-Log ...

Waqas Raza1*, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Muhammad Asif2, Ikram-ul-Haq3, Muhammad Zakria4 and Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani5,6

...world. Identification of pathogens is very important to find successful disease control strategies. Here, we isolated and identified P. infestans, as well as, determined the morphological characteristics, on different media. The phenotypic characteristic of the isolates were observed as fluffy cottony growth with striated pattern. The average length of sporangia among the isolates collected during 2017 from potato growing areas of Punjab ranged from 14.94 to 4...

Hassan A. Aidaros, Eman M. Hafez, Halla E.K. El Bahgy* 

...tial role in controlling pathogens in health care, animal production, and food-related industries. The effectiveness of a disinfectant is mainly dependent on the active compound chosen, its concentration, and the cleanliness of the surfaces to which it is applied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of some disinfectants (Prophyl 2000®, G7®, Pron-Tech®, Alkadox®, and Biodine®) at different concentrations and contact ...

Tariq Ali1,2*, Kamran1, Abdur Raziq1, Inam Ullah Wazir1, Anwar Ali1, Muhammad Ijaz Ali1, Muhammad Shuaib Khan2, Shakeeb Ullah2 and Sher Hayat Khan3

...0, to identify bacterial pathogens of mastitis, and to determine the antimicrobial resistance. A total of 1013 milk samples belonging to 726 cattle and 287 buffaloes were examined to detect clinical mastitis (CM) and subclinical mastitis (SCM). Mastitic milk samples (n=541) were further used to investigate the prevalence of bacteria associated with mastitis and their antimicrobial susceptibilities by standard disc diffusion assay. The results showed that the p...

Sadaf Ansari1, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Abdul Jabbar Tanweer2, Abdullah Sethar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Sabahat Ansari1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* 

...b> 

...

Fawziah M. Albarakaty* 

...ic medically significant pathogens isolated from cows and poultry farms were assessed. Additionally, the phytochemical composition of the aqueous and ethanol peel extracts was examined. Results and conclusion: According to the findings, the plum (Prunus domestica L.) peel extracts have Đ°lkaloids, flavonoids, tĐ°nnins, and sĐ°ponin chemicals. It is, therefore, possible to conclude that plum (Prunus domestica L.) peel extracts have great antibacterial action op...

Reza Aghnoum*, Hamid-Reza Sharifi, Masoud Ghodsi and Ahmad Zare Fizabadi

...uppression of soil-borne pathogens including the fungal and pathogenic nematodes.

...

Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1*, Hamna Rashid1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Sana Bashir1, Fatima Khalid1 and Nisar Ahmad3

...ization, compete against pathogens, and provide resistance against diseases. Six experimental diets were formulated by utilizing an RSM-based meal supplemented with graded levels of probiotics such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g/kg. For the experiment, triplicate tanks were utilized and in each tank 15 (avg. wt. = 6.76 g) fingerlings were stocked. Fish fingerlings were fed at the rate of 2 to 4% of live wet weight, the diet was given to the fingerlings twice a day ...

Amir Abdullah Khan and Muhammad Irfan*

...iculture caused by these pathogens. In the current study, 68 bacterial strains were isolated from citrus field soil and tested for antifungal activity using the streak plate method. Among them, one bacterium was found to be antagonist against the pathogen. This was identified as Bacillus subtilis 2i through 16SrRNA. The disease causing fungus was also isolated and identified as Schizophyllum sp. B2A through 18SrRNA.The strain Bacillus subtilis 2i was cultivate...

A. Beyan1, A. Seid†2 and H. Shifa1

...t economically important pathogens of tomato. A study was initiated with the objectives of determining the interaction effect of M. javanica (MJ) and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) disease complex and evaluating the response of selected tomato genotypes against this disease complex under glasshouse condition. A glasshouse experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized design with 18 treatment combinations of three tomato genotypes (Assila, Cochoro, M...

Rinat Islamov*, Dinara Turegeldieva, Altyn Rysbekova, Kuralay Sarmantayeva, Victor Semenuyk 

... high prevalence of some pathogens among conventional laboratory animals used by some academic institutes and universities of Almaty has been shown. Rodentibacter pneumotropicus has been detected in the SPF animals, while no other pathogens from the FELASA list have been detected. The obtained results show the importance of not only regular health monitoring, but also the need to improve the quality of care and well-being of...

Zarema Alimsultanova Magomedova1, Kheda Khalitovna Dadaeva1, Roza Said-Akhmedovna Zakhkieva1, Islam Khasanovich Shakhbiev1*, Boris Kazievich Laipanov2 

...culation of nematodiosis pathogens in the infrastructures of the foothill zone. In addition, it should be noted that these levels of environmental pollution by eggs of the genus Nematodirus are quite enough for the active implementation of the epizootic process of nematodiosis in animals in the North Caucasus region during the period (spring-summer-autumn).

...

Ghulam Sarwar Shah1,2, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani1, Rab Dino Khuhro1, Rehana Naz Syed1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1

...t devastating soil-borne pathogens in the warmer climates of the world. It is more damaging in vegetables by causing seedling rots, root rot, pre- and post-emergence damping-off, cottony-leak, cottony blight, and stalk rot diseases. An advantageous combination of various factors makes the control of Pythium aphanidermatum difficult. However, synthetic fungicides provide quick and effective control. Therefore, we checked the sensitivity of different isolates of...

Hanaa M. Abdelkhalek1, Hanan E. Nagib1, Randa S. Elias1, Saad S. Mansour1, Walid S. Mousa2*

...ginosa) is opportunistic pathogens involved in veterinary disorders including clinical mastitis in buffaloes. This study aimed to investigate the antibiogram pattern and synergistic effect of amikacin and norfloxacin against resistant P. aeruginosa isolates from mastitis origin. In addition, detection of some virulence and antibiotics resistance genes. Two hundred buffaloes were examined and sixty mastitis milk samples were collected from clinical cases from t...

Muhammad Ahsan Riaz1, Ayesha Riaz2, Muhammad Asif Mahmood3, Muhammad Uzair Mukhtar3*, Zaib Un Nisa1, Beenish Ijaz4 and Muhammad Shahid Rasool5

...eral medically important pathogens, evaluating the body length variation of Aedes aegypti larvae with the changing seasonal temperature is important. The study was conducted to observe the difference in body size and different body structures of Ae. aegypti larvae in two seasons, i.e., southwest monsoon (June through September) and retreating monsoon (October and November). The fourth instar larvae were collected from areas of district Lahore. The collected la...

Rafik Soliman1*, Rafik H. Sayed2, Hanan Mahmoud3, Heidy Abo El-Yazeed1, Marsell Saad1, Shaimaa Abdelall Elsaady2, Khalid Sh3 

...olation of the following pathogens from clinical and subclinical mastitis cases, respectively; E. coli (29.41% and 29.2%), S. aureus (19.12% and 25%), Str. agalactiae (16.2% and 16.6%), Str. dysgalactiae (14.7% and 20%), Str. uberis (7.3% and 2.5%), K. pneumoniae (4.4% and 3.3%), Str. fecalis (4.4% and 0%), Str. pyogenes (2.9% and 0%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.5% and 3.3%). Among the recovered E. coli serotypes, the serotype O111:K58 (B4) was the most prev...

Yue-Xia Ding1, Qun Wu2, Zhao Namula1 and Yi Ma1,*

...ccus are one of the main pathogens causing bacterial disease such as mastitis and endometritis in dairy farming. The virulence factors produced by Streptococcus are related to the occurrence of inflammation. To investigate the correlation between antimicrobial resistance and virulence traits of bovine Streptococcal isolates. Induced resistance was conducted for Streptococcus pneumonia ATCC49619 and erythromycin-sensitive strains by gradually increasing the ant...

Natalia Shchur1,2*, Olha Chechet1, Tetiana Mazur2, Oleksandr Martyniuk2, Olga Gorbatiuk1, Halyna Buchkovska1, Iryna Musiets1, Diana Ordynska1, Olena Finkova3, Larisa Moskalenko3, Tetiana Ponomaryova-Gerasimyuk3, Maksym Lusta3, Vitalii Nedosekov2 

... which are the main food pathogens. In Ukraine, the distribution of emergency campylobacter has not been researched. This article describes conditions for active monitoring of Campylobacter spp. antimicrobial resistance, selection and research of 2,120 samples of cecal contents from cattle, pigs, and poultry. The samples were analyzed by a microbiological method for the detection of Campylobacter according to the scheme of accumulation, isolation, isolation an...

Somia Eissa Sharawi

...he transmission of viral pathogens and the possible roles of some insects in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. In this study, we briefly review the possibility of biological or mechanical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by insects in the environment.
 
Keywords | Insects, Biological transmission, Mechanical transmission, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
...

Sumbal Nazir1*, Farkhanda Manzoor2, Ishrat Perveen3, Anum Rana2, Irum Naureen1, Abad Ali Nadeem3 and Hafiza Najma Naeem2 

...l, protozoan, and fungal pathogens are attached on the honeybees worldwide. These pathogens affect the honeybee population by creating disease in it, which also effect the economy of country. It destroys the honey production and causes a subsequent reduction in the crop yield. In this present work, we isolated and screened various honeybee pathogens i.e., Nosema apis, Nosema cerus, Acute b...

Md. Rashedul Islam1, Abul Farah Md. Hasanuzzaman1*, Md. Latiful Islam2, Ghausiatur Reza Banu1 

...tal transmission of such pathogens in the larvae; particularly axenic live food culture is to be practiced. The knowledge gained from this study will be useful to the hatchery operators taking appropriate measures to strengthen the biosecurity line for controlling bacterial contamination of the various biological and physical components, and thus for reducing larval mortality within an acceptable range in captivity.

...

Amina Rahat1, Zahin Anjum1*, Sehlina Zehra2, Fatima Umal Baneen3 and Rabia Chishti1

...management of infectious pathogens, many antimicrobial and antifungal substances were previously found from synthetic and natural sources. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that the compounds coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, essential oils, lectin, polypeptides, and polyacetylenes are present in medicinal plants. These bioactive chemicals serve as a foundation for the creation of antibiotics that are utilized to cure in...

Skenndri Safae1*, Charrat Nadia2, Jmiai Mehdi3, Nassik Saadia1 

...l material geared toward pathogens detection. The microscopic lesions found on most of the farms of the P group on day 35 indicated the ongoing of a regenerative process, contrarily to the farms of the D and G groups, in which the guts still underwent inflammation on day 35. Coccidiosis infection was heavily widespread on birds at day 35. Differences between the farm in D and P groups weren’t striking as the disease was detected on the intestinal portion...

Supawadee Piratae1*, Noraphat Khiewkham2, Nattawut Maungmungkun2, Chanakan Tippornwong2, Tossapol Seerintra2, Sirikanda Thanasuwan3, Luyen Thi Phung4 

...a platys are rickettsial pathogens that cause infections in the blood and have adverse health effects in animals, especially dogs and other canids. PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene was performed to determine the prevalence of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in 127 dogs collected from Rayong province, Thailand. To confirm the identification of these two pathogens, PCR was performed to detect the citrate synthase (gltA) gene foll...

Alisher Safarov1*, Nasreen Nasreen4, Firuza Akramova5, Shukhrat Djabbarov1, Adolat Mirzaeva5, Javokhir Esonboev5, Djalaliddin Azimov5, Mourad Ben Said2,3 

...nown to transmit various pathogens that can cause numerous diseases in livestock, leading to detrimental effects such as skin damage, weight loss, anemia, reduced meat and milk production, and even mortality. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the species composition and prevalence of ectoparasites in domestic (dogs and cats) and wild predatory mammals (jackals, wolves, foxes, and reed cats) in Uzbekistan through regular parasite collections. Materials and M...
Iram Liaqat1*, Noor Muhammad1, Muhammad Mubin2, Najma Arshad3, Tehreema Iftikhar4, Sumera Sajjad5 and Farzana Rashid5
...10-27 mm) against tested pathogens (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis). Secondary screening using ethyl acetate extracts also showed significant ZI in the range of 06 – 14.0 mm (P ≤ 0.05) against these pathogens thus confirming their bioactive potential. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ...

Yongman Guo1,2, Jundong Tian1,2,3, Dong Yang1,2 and Jiqi Lu1,2,3*

...he first defense against pathogens, viruses and bacteria in animals. Fresh fecal samples of adult Taihangshan macaques (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis) were collected during mating and non-mating periods, respectively, to understand the influences of mating status on physiological condition of wild macaques, through variation in fecal cortisol and IgA levels. The results showed that. (1) mean concentration of fecal cortisol in mating period (AM: 1751.12 ± 1...

Gang Liu*, Na Xu, Zhizhong Gong and Jiahui Feng

... abundances of potential pathogens were significantly higher in the Shengjin Lake samples than in the Caizi Lake samples. These findings suggest that the gut fungi were highly sensitive to the diets of the geese at both lakes. Potential pathogenic species of A. erythropus should be further studied.

...

Jameel-ur-Rehman1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Ahmad Ali Moryani1, Riaz Ahmed Leghari1, Abdullah Sethar2, Ali Raza Nizamani3, Abdul Ahad Soomro3, Kanwar Kumar Malhi1 

...ely. Next most prevalent pathogens were Salmonella spp. (78.3% & 58.3%), Shigella flexneri (61.6% & 53.3%), Pseudomonas flavescens (55% & 53.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (40% & 35%), Staphylococcus aureus (33.3% & 25%), Streptococcus agalactiae (21.6% & 18.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15% & 13.3%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (13.3% & 10%), Klebsiella oxytoca (10% & 8.3%), and Streptococcus pyogenes (6.6% & 1.6%) in marke...

Peter Amuguni Mbato*, Wanzila Usyu Mutinda, Noah Kipkoech Maritim, Nicholas Edwin Odongo 

... antibiotic residues and pathogens in meat suggest improved meat quality. The free-range broiler production system would be a better production system to improve the welfare and quality of the meat produced.
 

...

Muhammad Hussain1, Yasir Ali2*, Baber Iqbal1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal1, Salman Ahmad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif2, Muhammad Saeed1 and Muhammad Jawad Yousaf1

...nst leaf and stripe rust pathogens, are good sources for future breeding programmes.

...

Liyun Chang*, Yazi Li, Yumei Cai and Chenghui Li

...e. To detect these three pathogens simultaneously, we designed specific primers based on the conserved gene sequences of the three pathogens available in GenBank. After optimization of the reaction conditions and system, we successfully established a novel multiplex PCR method for detection of the aforementioned three pathogens. The results show that the amplified fragments of interest wer...

Nurul Fajrih1,2, Komang Gede Wiryawan1*, Sumiati1 and Suraya Kaffi Syahpura3

...acid bacteria but not by pathogens. In addition, BCE can be utilized as a source of carbon for the growth of lactic acid bacteria characterized by the growth of L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus which continues to increase the number of cells until the incubation period of 48 hours each amounted to 8.107 log CFU/ml and 7.771 Log CFU / ml while in pathogenic bacteria there is no growth. Based on this result, it can be concluded that BCE can be used as a prebiotic.<...

Irfan Safdar Durrani*, Noreen Asim and Ammar Sohail

...in plant defense against pathogens attacks and different abiotic stresses. Current research deals with the study of cis-regulatory elements located in the promoter region of OsGLP12-3 gene of Nipponbare and newly sequenced Oryza sativa L. cultivar Dilrosh-97 using bioinformatics approach. The possible cis-acting regulatory elements were analyzed using PlantCARE and PlantPAN3.0. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA7 and docking of regulatory elements wi...

Yunxia Guo1, Xia Zhou1*, Xin Huang2 and Fagang Zhong2

... to report the bacterial pathogens and their antibacterial resistance spectrum causing bovine respiratory tract infections in a large-scale cattle farm. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from animals (n=122) having clinical manifestations of respiratory tract diseases. Standard culture procedure followed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay was applied to calculate the antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial isolates. The survey results showed that ...
Mahmoud M. Bayoumi
...against infectious viral pathogens. This technology has the potential to revolutionize vaccine development, offering a more efficient and cost-effective approach that can be tailored to specific viral strains. Moreover, mRNA-based vaccines offer several advantages over conventional or molecular-based vaccine types. The mRNA vaccine only encodes the target viral protein, with no infection hazard or even nucleic acid integration. Furthermore, mRNA vaccines can s...

Aleena Kokab1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Wasim Shehzad2, Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Sohail Raza1 and Rida Haroon Durrani1

...ntially target foodborne pathogens is gaining augmented attention. This study’s goal was to isolate and physiologically characterize lytic bacteriophages against Enteritidis, and to ascertain their efficacy in modulating bacterial population on chicken breast cuts in the form of a phage cocktail. Out of 17 isolated bacteriophages, three bacteriophages (SEPL01, SEPL13, SEPL20) exhibited maximum lytic potential and broad lytic spectrum. Transmission electr...

Karl Maramorosch

...yed the discovery of the pathogens of yellows-type diseases by forty years. In 1967 Japanese plant pathologists and entomologists announced the discovery of mycoplasma-resembling pathogens in diseased plants and insect vectors and the temporary recovery of diseased plants treated with tetracycline antibiotics. The recognition of mycoplasma-like structures was made accidentally by a veterinarian, Kaoru Koshimizu, but no credi...

Rizqan*, Hilda Susanty, Linda Suhartati, Azhar, Arief, Elly Roza 

...eus and Escherichia coli pathogens. Eco-enzyme was prepared from citrus peel waste, resulting in a solution with a typical fresh sour aroma. The pH of the eco-enzyme ranged from 3.7 to 4.5. Conducting the agar diffusion test revealed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of the citrus fruit peel eco-enzyme against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These findings underscore the antibacterial potential of the citrus fruit peel eco-enzyme solution and...

Aalaa S. Saad1*, Taghreed H. A. Ali2, Nayerah Alatfeehy3, Dalia Elmasry4 

...n dealing with foodborne pathogens. The number of Listeria monocytogenes outbreaks caused by eating food is increasing worldwide, and people are increasingly looking for natural ways to stop the development of L. monocytogenes. In this context, propolis, a natural substance produced by bees, looks like an attractive option owing to its antibacterial action against many pathogens in food. The aim of this study is to investiga...

Afrasyab Khan1,3, Ali Raza Jahejo1,3, Meng-li Qiao1,3, Xin-yu Han1,3, Raza Ali Mangi1,3, Ding Zhang1,3, Yu-hai Bi2, George F Gao1,3* and Wen-xia Tian1,3*

...ne of the most important pathogens in the poultry industry and often causes diseases of a chronic and persistent nature. However, there is limited data available on Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway genes expression in chicken erythrocytes infected with Mycoplasma synoviae (M. synoviae). Therefore, the aim of the current in-vitro study was to determine the interaction between chicken erythrocytes and...

Muhammad Akram1, Anirban Mandal2*, Mehwish Iqbal3, Arindam Mukherjee4, Ritika Bandyopadhyay5, Surendar Rangasamy6, Rida Zainab1, Muhammad Talha Khalil1, Pragnesh Parmar7 and Umme Laila1

Babi Kyi Soe1*, Toe Win Naing2, Su Lai Yee Mon1, Nay Chi Nway3, Hiroshi Sato4

...: justify;">Vector-borne pathogens have become a major problem since different species of cattle, e.g. indigenous, crossbred dairy, and crossbred beef, are raised together on most farms. Anaplasma spp. are obligate intracellular rickettsial vector-borne pathogens that impact on livestock farmers with major economic constraints and eventually threaten human health in cases of zoonotic species involvement. Therefore, our study...

Aalaa S. Saad1*, Amira A. Elokle2, Dalia Y. Youssef2, Neven M. Omara2, Samr Kassem3

...for inhibiting foodborne pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of synthesized Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) and CS-LZ-NPs against E. coli O157 in chilled chicken fillets and relative eaeA (Intimin), stx2 (Shiga toxin) expression. The average particle size was 250 nm and 281.4 nm for CS-NPs and CS-LZ- NPs and the PDI (polydispersity index) was 0.09 and 0.58, respectively. TEM imaging showed uniformity and ranging in size from 13.1...

Kalsoom Abdulrazaq1*, Bisma Arif1, Rimsha Mehboob2, Asma Mehboob3 

...d other parasites. These pathogens have the ability to infect both domesticated and wild animals. Zoonoses involve interactions among a minimum of three species: an infectious agent and two host organisms, which can either be humans or animals. They can spread directly through contact with diseased animals, such as rabies, and through bites, or indirectly through exposure to contaminated surroundings and contaminated food. Vectors, such as mosquitoes or ticks,...

SEHRISH MUSHTAQ1, MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ1, MUHAMMAD ASHFAQ*1 FAIZA KHAN1, SOHAIB AFZAAL1, UMMAD HUSSAIN1, MUBASSHIR HUSSAIN1, RASHID MUKHTAR BALAL2 & MUHAMMAD SALEEM HAIDER1

...tic potential for fungal pathogens. These endophytes should be further explored for disease control. Ongoing study in this area will help to the innovate biological control of plant pathogenic fungi.

...

SIDRA MOQADDES*¹, RABIA ZULFIQAR1, MAWRA GOHAR1 & HINA QAISER1

...dwide. A large number of pathogens can colonize urinary tract due to enriched chemical composition of urine making it favorable for microbial growth. Current study was designed to investigate bacterial associated UTI and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Samples (n=85) were analyzed to determine the bacterial strains involved in infectious cases and relationship with age, gender and social status ...

ZUBIA RASHID1, ZULFIQAR ALI MIRANI2, SITWAT ZEHRA1, SYED MUDDASSAR HUSSAIN GILANI3, ARIF ALI CHISHTI1, ABID AZHAR1 & SADDIA GALANI1*

...egies for drug-resistant pathogens is desired. Here, Phytogenic Feed Additives (PFA) were administered in chicken diet to decipher their impact on animal performance and gut microbiota composition. One-hundred-fifty-day-old chicks were randomly divided into three treatment groups with five replicates/group as (i) Control diets (CON); (ii) Control diets + 0.01% w/v enramycin (antibiotic growth promoter, AB); (iii) Control diets + 3% w/v blend of garlic, pepperm...

Anisa Mushtaq1, Murtaz ul Hasan1*, Asim Shamim2, Muhammad Ali Abdullah Shah1, Muhmamad Arif Zafar3, Abdul Asim Farooq4, Aayesha Riaz1, Muhammad Kamran1 and Saif ur Rehman

...or of different types of pathogens like viruses, bacteria, rickettsia and protozoa and cause mortality in humans and animals. This study was focused on morphological and molecular identification of ixodid ticks, using morphological keys and an internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Moreover, the presence of Babesia and Theileria species was also investigated in ticks using 18S rRNA gene. Identification of ticks collected from 384 catt...
Yanis Cruz-Quintana1*, Ana María Santana-Piñeros1, Byron Manuel Reyes-Mero1, Leonela Griselda Muñoz-Chumo1 and Lenin Cáceres-Farías1,2 
...nsidered one of the main pathogens affecting cultured fishes, mainly in small organisms or early ages. However, its incidence and effects on Amazon traditional aquaculture species such as Piaractus brachypomus has been little studied. The objective of the present investigation was to establish the presence of Trichodina heterodentata, its parameters of infection, and associated damages in three aquaculture farms of P. brachypomus located i...

Muhammad Rafiq,1 Amna Shoaib,1 Arshad Javaid1

... sclerotial forming phytopathogens. In the present study, methanolic root extract of
Sonchus asper was assessed for its antifungal activity against R. solani. The methanolic
extract was prepared by soaking dried root biomass in methanol and analyzed by GC-MS.
Antifungal potential of the extract was detected in test tubes filled with malt extract broth.
The results revealed fungal biomass was significantly reduced...

Kiran Rani1*, R. Aliya1, Barkat Ali Solangi2, M. Kashif Pervez2, Nasrullah Akhtar3 and Farman Ahmed4*

...vestigated against human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and were compared with commercial antibacterial and antifungal drugs. It was found at the optimized dyeing condition has 1 percent formic acid as fixing agent with 120 min dyeing period. At this condition, the dye molecule shows 70 percent exhaustion and 59 percent fixation along with acceptable fastness and antimicrobial activities Furthermore, the dyed fab...

Shazia Shafique1, Sobiya Shafique1 and Sonia Sahar1

...ainst eggplant leaf spot pathogens i.e., Exserohilum rostratum, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Curvularia clavata. For this, 10 concentrations of methanolic extract of plant (0.5% to 5%) were employed against the pathogens. Data analysis depicted that development of all the pathogens was greatly inhibited by all the concentrations while 5% concentration found to be the utmost operative i...
Hasina Baloch1, Rahmatullah Rind2, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1*, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Hubdar Ali Kolachi3, Saqib Kakar1, Muhammad Ibrahim3, Fayaz Ahned1, Hasnain Ali1 and Muhammad Mahesar1
...s, 57 (17.27%) contained pathogens. The correlation between SCCml-1 and colony forming unit (CFU) ml-1 of bacterial population was analysed. The mean SCC was counted as 82x105 cells ml-1in clinical and 50x105 cells ml-1 in subclinical mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus was recorded as the most dominant species. The mean values of 93x105 CFU ml-1 were counted for clinical mastitis while 51x105 CFU ml-1 was measured for subclinical mastitis. A clear difference betw...

Nabeel Akhtar1, Owais Iqbal1,2*, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani1, Rehana Naz Syed1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1

...tify;">Soil-borne fungal pathogens are considered the most critical pathogens responsible for the enormous losses in chili crops. The diseases caused by them are often challenging to control due to different incidence level and limited knowledge of their epidemiological features. Advanced accessibility and a simple application process for chemical control systems have made it practical and widely accepted. In the present stu...

Amir Afzal1*, Sairah Syed1, Hafiz Husnain Nawaz2, Ruqeah Mustafa1, Marjan Aziz1, Madeeha Khan1, Azra Khan3, Uzma Javed1, Attiq Ur Rehman4, Rubab Altaf 5 and Qamar Shakil6

...tanding the lifecycle of pathogens is vital in formulating effective management strategies for plant diseases. Pst has a complex life cycle that entails both sexual and asexual reproduction, facilitating the rapid evolution of new strains. The evolution of new races is primarily driven by the selection pressure imposed by the deployment of resistance genes in wheat cultivars. Work documented by prominent researchers conducted in diverse regions of the planet h...
Irshad Ur Rehman,SAEED ULLAH KHATTAK,Muhammad Kamran,Jamshaid Ahmad,Abid Ali Khan,Ghosia Lutfullah
A. S. M. Helal Siddiqui1, Abul Khair2, M. Masudur Rahman3 and S.M. Mosfeka Hasnin4
...and confirmed two fungal pathogens for causal organism namely Phaenerochaete subglobosa and Schizophyllum commune and locally identified Ganoderma appalanatum....
Mohammad Ayaz
...reak of forest pests and pathogens, which some times may attain the status of an epidemic, mainly under the influences of climatic conditions. Such catastrophes are controlled partially by human efforts and partially due to normalization of climatic regimes. The losses remain mostly limited to a tree species or an area and do not spread to other parts due to physical, climatic and species barriers. Besides others, the main physical cause of forest injuries in ...
Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Mushtaque, Aqeela Mubeen Akhtar, Nighat Chughtai and Shaheena Ramzan
...o produced are devoid of pathogens. Plantlets of Ipil Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) were obtained through multiplication of ex-plants produced from aseptically raised germinates of the species. In the basal media (MS + 5 micro molar BAP), ex-plants started differentiating shoot buds at high frequency. These aseptically developed plantlets were shifted to earthen pots for rooting without applying any root-promoting hormone. These plantlets showed a good g...
Zakaullah and Khial Badshah
...royed by the destructive pathogens if untreated....
Zakaullah
...ion courts for the decay pathogens....
Zaka-Ullah
...ract:
14 fungal pathogens were recorded on Willows growing in different areas of West Pakistan. Melampsora epitea (Kze. and Schm). Thuem. appeared in an epiphytotic form on nursery plants. Absence of large scale and compact plantations of Willows seemed to be a limiting factor in the appearance of few other pathogens in epiphytotic forms. No bacterial or virus disease was observed....

Ahmad Shandookh Hameed1, Ali Abd Kadhum2 and Murtada Wafi Beden1

...he most common secondary pathogens ,their antibiotic resistant profile and mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 patients. A total of 41 patients with ventilator associated pneumonia of whom 23 were confirmed positive. for SARS-CoV-2 (infectious group) and 18 were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (non-infectious), were recruited in this study during the period from February to September 2022 at Al-Hussein. Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. Endotracheal aspirat...

Daniel Offiong Etim1*, Etim Johnson Umana1, Idorenyin Asukwo Udo2, Ndarake Eden Ini-Ibehe1

...es and fungi are serious pathogens affecting okra production. It has been observed that okra production has not been maximized due to nematode and fungus infestation. A research into the control of Meloidogyne incognita and Sclerotium rolfsii were examined in screenhouse. One gram of Trichoderma viride at 2.40×107 CFU/g and Trichoderma harzianum at 1.40×107 CFU/g of millet were applied in combination with neem cake at 2.00 t/ha and 4.00 t/ha. Soil ...

Saba Mehnaz1*, Farhan Ahmad Atif2, Rao Zahid Abbas1, Muhammad Kasib Khan1 and Muhammad Saqib3

...fy;">Tick and tick-borne pathogens are among the major threats to animal health and production causing huge economic losses in the form of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Due to the scarcity of epidemiological data and appropriate diagnostic methods, the study was carried out to detect Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata from buffaloes of Sheikhupura, Jhang, and Rawalpindi districts by using duplex PCR. A total of 1,152 blood samples of bu...

Ying Zhong1,3,4, Jingni Chen1, Chunping Huang1, Huaiyuan Jin1, Jinlu Huang1, Lining Zhao1, Yi Geng3, Guiping Wang1,4 and Xueqiao Qian1,2*

Umm-e-Kulsoom1, Saima Hashim2, Fazli Wahid3, Haseena Gulzar4 and Tamana Bakht5

...otato. There are limited pathogens or insect that can significantly affect the potato while presence of weeds is a major concern for the potato growers. As per our documentation survey, Amaranthus viridis and Chenopodum album were found as major weeds infesting potato fields. At maturity, the seeds of these weeds were collected and the major trees that were found on the sides of nearly all potato fields were identified as Juglans sp, Cedrus sp, and Pinus sp. T...

Afnan Ahmed Allhyani1, Mohamed Baeshen1, Nagwa Thabet Elsharawy2,3

...ffect against the tested pathogens. So, it can be a natural alternative to conventional formulations for those interested in naturally based products.
 
Keywords: Ethanolic extraction, Water extraction, Foodborne pathogens, Antimicrobial agents, Meat preservation, Goat meat
...

Natalia Shchur1,2*, Tetiana Mazur1, Orest Katsaraba3, Ihor Halka2, Ludmila Shalimova2, Larisa Moskalenko4, Tetiana Ponomariova-Herasymiuk4, Maksym Lusta4, Vitalii Nedosekov1

...ad of Campylobacteriosis pathogens in Ukraine, revealing infection rates of 26.3% in broilers, 3.33% in turkeys, 55% in pigs, and 8.33% in cattle. In this research of the study, 33 isolates of Campylobacter spp. were identified for the first time, representing 23.9% infection, among which Campylobacter coli accounted for 75.8% and Campylobacter jejuni for 24.2%. Notably, up to 70% of poultry isolates were identified as Campylobacter coli. To improve the indica...

Naglaa A. El-Taib1*, Asmaa T. Talayea2, Hanan R. Ghanayem3

...xt-align: justify;">Many pathogens, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), can enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state in response to environmental stress. In this state, bacteria cannot grow on standard media but retain certain features of viable cells, such as cellular integrity, metabolic activity, and virulence. Therefore, this study examined the effect of chlorine and hydrogen peroxide as common chemical sanitizers on inducing E. coli O157 into a VB...

Jumiati Asis1, Nur Aainaa Hasbullah1, Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh1, Noor Khairani Mohamad Basri1, Palanivell Perumal2, Peter Mojiun2 and Mohd. Rashid Mohd. Rakib1* 

...inst various fungal phytopathogens. On the other hand, Ganoderma boninense has been identified as the phytopathogen causing basal stem rot (BSR), a devastating disease in oil palm crop (Elaeis guineensis). In this study, the in vitro and in planta inhibition of G. boninense using Trichoderma isolates were evaluated. A total of 20 Trichoderma isolates were collected. Among the isolates, T4RH and T8R were selected...

Sehar Aslam1, Muhammad Qasim1*, Mohsin Khurshid2*, Usman Ali Ashfaq1 and Muhammad Akhtar Ali3

...nst antibiotic-resistant pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The anti-cancer activity of all isolates was also evaluated against the Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2), and all isolates showed significant anticancer activity. These findings validate the beneficial therapeutic values of novel probiotic strains isolated from dairy sources, specifically Dahi, and suggest that they could be used in food and drugs to treat...

Ahmed E. Orbano1, Mohsen El Dimerdash1, Mohamed Abaza2, Ali Zanaty3, Mohamed Rady3, Mohamed H. Nemr3, Wael K. Elfeil1*

...g RT-PCR to detect viral pathogens. Results showed that most flocks had been co-infected with more than one viral agent and there were 24 positives (35%) for IBV, 39 positives (57%) for H9N2, 18 positives (26%) for NDV, and 9 positives (13%) for ILTV. The results revealed a high prevalence of mixed infections, with 52% of flocks co-infected by two or more viruses. The most common co-infections involved IBV with H9N2 (9%) and IBV with ILTV (9%). Genetic analysi...

Qasim H.A. Aljboori* and Saadoon Murad Saadoon

...ne of the most important pathogens that causes rot disease in rice and affects plant growth. Many Fusarium species can infect rice plants and affect its growth, in addition to producing various mycotoxins that are dangerous to humans and animals. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of four levels of agricultural sulphur (0,100,200 and 300 g/m2)and the fungicide Benomyl (100 ppm) against F. solani fungus infecting three varieties of r...

Eman Abdelrazik1, Sahar H. Abdel-Baset2*, Abdelghafar M. Abu-Elsaoud3,4 and Shimaa M.A. Mohamed5

...are the most destructive pathogens that affect peanuts globally. A survey of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) in peanuts was conducted in Ismailia, Egypt. The host suitability of four Egyptian peanut cultivars for Meloidogyne arenaria cultivation under greenhouse conditions was also examined. Additionally, the effects of fulvic acid, compost, and cattle manure, either alone or in combination, as well as the nematicide Fosthiazate 10% G, on peanut growth, bioch...

Mohsin Raza1, Zeshan Hussain2, Fazil Abbas2, Muhammad Atiq Ashraf3, Hadj Henni Imene4 and Talha Riaz5

...otic factors, pests, and pathogens, including bacteria, nematodes, viruses, viroids, fungi, and phytoplasmas. In Pakistan, significant viral infections, particularly PVY, PMTV, PLRV, PVM, PVS, PVA, and PVX, are of serious concern, with alarmingly high prevalence of PLRV, PVX, and PVY in key potato-growing regions. Effective management of these viral threats is challenging due to the lack of direct chemical controls, underscoring the importance of prevention as...

Elena Balarezo*, Jose Luis Flores and Miguel Angel Toro-Jarrin

...rages the development of pathogens in milk and lowers the final sales price. The aim of this study was to implement and test a milk quality program to improve product quality and sales prices. We carried out an initial diagnosis of management practices and bacteriological quality of milk, followed by program implementation directed to project promoters and community members. We checked the bacteriological quality of milk and industry price on a monthly basis b...
SaimaMajeed1*,TayyabaAsif2, Aisha Qureshi3,AyeshaUmer3 and Naveed Ahmad3
...ble limit. Explicit fish pathogens such as Salmonella spp.,Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogene, and Staphylococcus aureus

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