Justin P. McBrayer
..., health, longevity, interpersonal relationships, and charitable giving. Hence, most people have a strong reason to believe in God regardless of the evidence....
Kathryne E. Taylor1 and Karen L. Mossman1,2*
... the ICP0 protein from herpes simplex virus is complex and frequently contradictory, meaning that although this protein has been implicated in a wide variety of diverse functions, the mechanisms through which it produces these effects continue to be elusive. Recent investigations into the ability of ICP0 to block the activation of antiviral signaling have revealed a potential explanation for some of this confusion – namely, that ICP0 has important functi...
Ashley C. Banyard1* and Satya Parida2
...en in the shadow of rinderpest virus for decades little is understood regarding factors that influence the outcome of infection with both viral and host genetics being thought to influence the outcome of disease. Following the successful global eradication of rinderpest virus, peste des petits ruminants virus has also been targeted for global eradication by the OIE. Whilst the tools are available to attempt eradi...
Moustafa Kardjadj1, Pam Dachung Luka2
...rus in the light of rinderpest eradication and the lack of awareness of the disease in areas where the virus has been detected for the first time in recent years given the educational status of farmers contributed to this emergence....
Taghreed A. Hafiz1, Murad A. Mubaraki1*, Mohamed A. Dkhil2,3 and Saleh Al-Quraishy2
...standard drug to treat herpes infection....
Oladipo Elijah Kolawole, Oloke Julius Kola and Awoyelu Hilda Elukunbi
...), also known as human herpes virus-4 (HHV-4), is a virus of the Herpesviridae family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans. It is the best known cause of infectious mononucleosis. In acquired immuno-deficient Syndrome patients, several distinct and additional EBV-associated diseases may occur and some forms of malignancies. This study was designed to determine the incidence of EBV in Human immune-deficient virus ...
Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty
Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...eal conditions for the perpetuation of viruses and the insect-vector. Despite concerted efforts to contain begomoviruses and their vectors, menacing disease epidemics caused by newly emerging or reemerging begomoviruses are becoming frequent and appearing even in new regions, previously free from such diseases. Techniques for geminivirus detection include biological indexing, electron microscopy, antibody-based detection, including ELISA, nucleic acid hybridiz...
Debjani Chowdhury, P. C. Paul and B. Dasgupta
Management of leaf spot of Centella asiatica (Thankuni) caused by Alternaria sp. and target leaf spot of Rauvolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha) caused by Corynespora cassicola
...leaf spot of Rauvolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha) caused by Corynespora cassicola by spraying three fungicides (carbendazim at 0.1%, mancozeb at 0.025% and blitox at 0.25%) and four biocontrol agents (Trichoderma viride at 107 cfu / ml, T. harzianum at 107 cfu / ml, Pseudomonas fluorescens at 108 cell / ml and Biomonas-a formulated product of P. fluorescens preparation at 0.15% for three times at an interval of 15 days. The results revealed that the lowest perce...
S. Pal and I. Sarkar
Pests infesting ornamental plants in hilly region of West Bengal
...emum respectively. The serpentine leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii) was recorded on gerbera. Among non-insect pests the red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae was very important causing havoc to Carnation, Gerbera and Chrysanthemum during dry summer months.
...
Elvera Monin, B. Dasgupta, Palash Chandra Paul, Jayanta Saha and Srikanta Das
Yun Wang1,*, Lei Guan1, Jiding Chen1, Yaping Kong1, Lang Si2 and Asif Shah3
... of ungulates, and the perpendicular distance between QTH and QTR. To improve the protection mechanism for the four large ungulates viz., Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii, Tibetan gazelle Procapra picticaudata, Kiang Equus kiang) and Wild Yak Bos grunniens; we suggest that the distance between the proposed route for the expressway and the present highway and railway should at least be 1500m, and ideally, it should be 250...
Tanveer Ahmad1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Azeem Khan2 and Shahid Zia3
... ropes, twines, paper, carpets, cloth and handicrafts, which has not been exploited so far. The aim of this study was to design and develop a small-scale portable sisal decorticator for extracting fibre from sisal leaves. A prototype of sisal decorticator was designed and fabricated at Agricultural and Biological Engineering Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. The prototype machine was tested for fibre extraction. Results indicated tha...
Mohsan Ullah Goraya1,2, Liaqat Ali1,2 and Iqra Younis3
...rus, coronaviruses and herpes viruses are important pathogens that cause significant losses in the poultry industry. However, successful establishment of infection in the respiratory tract switch on the pathogen recognition by innate immune receptors and establish first line of defense against viral infections. When specific cellular receptors recognize a virus they trigger the translation of inflammatory cytokine and chemokines leading to establishment of an ...
Effect of Post-coital intervals on DNA STR profiling of semen donor in the post-coital vaginal swabs
Manzoor Hussaina,b
...the DNA profile of the perpetrator. With the increase in post-coital interval, the possibility to get the autosomal DNA STR profile of the perpetrator diminishes rapidly from an alive victim. This becomes more serious problem especially when victims of rape cases provide vaginal swabs after several days of the incidence. The study was designed to find the time interval at which autosomal STR system fails to generate the DNA ...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Fakhra Fazal1, Faraz Akrim1, Hira Fatima1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...rted from Pakistan (Herpestes javanicus and H. edwardsii) are sympatric in many areas of their distribution range in the Potohar Plateau. Morphologically, the two species differ in their body size, so there could be substantial anatomical differences between them, not yet documented. The current study compared morphological and anatomical characteristics of the two species inhabiting the Potohar Plateau. Results showed marked morphological and an...
Naveed Akhtar,1,* Riaz Muhammad2, Kausar Saeed2, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Muzaffar Shah3, Jehan Zeb2, Shahid Ahmad2, Azam Jan Afridi4 and Aftab Hussain5
...vulpes, Myotis myotis, Herpestes edwardsii and Hystrix indica. During the research jackals and fox species were dominant in the area. It is concluded from this study that threats like deforestation, habitat destruction, illegal and over hunting, urbanization and deforestation are possible factors of extinction formammalian fauna in district Buner. The responsible authorities are requested to take action against such problems to ensure the safety of ...
Hao Zhang,1,2,3,* Hai Tao Nie,3 Tie Wei Ma,3 Zi Yu Wang3 and Feng Wang3
...growth of F1Dorper × Hu ewe lambs. Thirty-five ewe lambs averaging 33.52±0.56 kg body weight (BW) were used. Seven ewe lambs were randomly chosen and slaughtered at 34.93 ± 0.37 kg BW as the baseline group for measuring initial body composition. Another seven lambs were also randomly chosen and offered a pelleted mixed diet (approximately concentrate : roughage = 60 : 40, DM basis) for ad libitum intake and slaughtered at 41.73 &...
Waqas Ali1,*, Arshad Javid1, Syed Mohsin Bhukhari1, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Hira Rafique1
...ble species.
...
Ye Gong, Nehafta Bibi and Haitao Wang*
...s of other birds were usurped by Mandarin duck and in three cases nests of Mandarin duck were usurped by other birds. The remaining mixed clutches may be incomplete usurpation. For the nests taken over by Mandarin ducks, all heterospecific eggs were rejected and four clutches were incubated successfully. For the other mixed clutches, none of Mandarin duck eggs were removed, only two eggs were hatched but the ducklings did no...
Qaisar Jamal1, Muhammad Idrees1, Saif Ullah2, Muhammad Adnan1, Farrah Zaidi1, Qaiser Zaman1,3 and Syed Basit Rasheed1,*
...e Upper Dir.
...
Syed Aun Muhammad1, Muhammad Soaib Said2, Shams Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Dawood2, Muneer Ahmed Qazi3 and Nighat Fatima2,*
...ing mode of pimarane diterpenes (diaporthein A and diaporthein B) to the NMD-1 by molecular docking. A computational ligand-target docking approach was used to analyze structural complexes of enzyme target with diaportheins. Auto Grid model showed the most energetically favorable binding mode of natural compounds to beta-lactamase. Docked energies for diaporthein A and B were -8.02 and -8.41 kcal/mol, respectively. These outcomes revealed that these ligands co...
Waqas Ali, Arshad Javid, Ali Hussain, Syed Mohsin Bukhari
Public attitude towards amphibian and reptiles in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan
...%
believed that herpetiles are used in traditional medicine and 3% considered that
they are also used as food. Different superstitions are also linked with amphibians
and reptiles and this mindset lead to unnecessary killing of species. Among all the
herpetiles, snakes are most disliked taxa and killed by the locales. Conservation
education and awareness campaigns are recommended to avoid u...
believed that herpetiles are used in traditional medicine and 3% considered that
they are also used as food. Different superstitions are also linked with amphibians
and reptiles and this mindset lead to unnecessary killing of species. Among all the
herpetiles, snakes are most disliked taxa and killed by the locales. Conservation
education and awareness campaigns are recommended to avoid u...
Muhammad Furqan1, Usman Ali1,*, Anjum Ara1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Muhammad Siddique Awan3, Riaz Aziz Minhas3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmad3, Qamar Zaman Qamar4 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar5
...dian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) 18 localities were sampled from 3 zones created in Mirpur district (Azad Jammu and Kashmir). Random transects of fixed length were laid and number of active burrows counted and habitat analysed using quadrat method. Mongoose was distributed with average population density of 9.8 animal/km2, with highest (17.8 animal/Km2) density at Kalyal and lowest (3.5 animal/km2) at Panyam. Mos...
Faraz Akrim1,2, Tariq Mahmood1,*, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem3, Siddiqa Qasim1, Shaista Andleeb1 and Hira Fatima1
...dian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) and small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) occurring in the north-eastern Himalayan region (Azad Jammu and Kashmir) of Pakistan with a view to compute the niche overlap between the two species. The Indian grey mongoose was recorded at 15 different sampling sites within the elevation range 699-1559 m above mean sea level (AMSL). The small Indian mongoose was found di...
Muhammad Shoaib1,3*, Arif Ismiyev2,Khudaverdi Ganbarov3, Aygun Israyilova3 and Sajid Umar4
...nbsp;
...
Jun Yan Bai*, Hong Deng Fan, You Bing Yang, Xu Wang, Heng Cao, Xue Yan Fu and Yu Qin Wang
...xi fatty tailed sheep, dorper sheep, hu sheep all have two mutation sites (C155T and C624T). For locus C155T, allele frequencies of C in large tailed han sheep, small tailed han sheep, yuxi fatty tailed sheep, dorper sheep and hu sheep were 0.73, 0.83, 0.54, 0.69 and 0.68 respectively, which indicated that C was the dominant allele in five sheep populations. For locus C624T, allele frequencies of C in large tailed han sheep,...
Ambrin1*, Ghulam Dastagir1, Jehan Bakht2 and Muhammad Adil1
...ng sugar, proteins, triterpenoids, gums and mucilages, fats, steroids, phenols and phytosterol.
... 
Ahmad Hussain1*, Syed Murtuza Mehdi2, Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Adeel3, Mohammed Hassan Jabal4, Farid Nasir Ani4
INVESTIGATION THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CASTOR OIL WITH MINERAL OIL BLENDS
...urces with instant and perpetual availability, vegetable
oil based products can also have the potential for reducing carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emission, when used in
such applications as lubricant in internal combustion engines and in industrial processes. In this paper, the impact
of mixing mineral oil at certain proportions with vegetable oil is discussed its use as commercial lubrication oil is
also outlined, The tribologica...
oil based products can also have the potential for reducing carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emission, when used in
such applications as lubricant in internal combustion engines and in industrial processes. In this paper, the impact
of mixing mineral oil at certain proportions with vegetable oil is discussed its use as commercial lubrication oil is
also outlined, The tribologica...
Muhammad Zamin1*, Fazli Rabbi2, Shahen Shah3, Muhammad Amin4, Haroon Ur Rashid5, Hasnain Alam6 and Sabahat Ali1
Performance of Lilium (Lilium elegans L.) Genotypes using Different Planting Media
...ghter, BomiYellow, Red carpet and Yena were tested in four type of planting media viz., M1-sandy soil+ Compost (1:1; v/v), M2- sandy soil+Humic acid (20:1;v/v), M3- sandy soil+ Peatmoss (1:1;v/v), M4-sandy soil+Potting soil (1:1;v/v). in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The lilium genotype Bomi Yellow performed well in terms of maximum plant height (72cm), highest number of flowers (5.4) and least days to flowering (45.92 days). How...
Mumtaz Shah*, Hashim Nisar Hashmi* Naeem Ejaz* Abdul Razzaq Ghumman*
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
...nd Water Lettuce. Forperformance comparison four parameters including BOD5, COD, Nitrogen and Phosphorus were selected. These parameters were monitored for both the influent and effluent sewage samples. During the entire study, the average reduction of 51% for BOD5, 47% for COD, 19% for phosphorus, and 41% for nitrogen were found with water hyacinth. When the same sewage was treated with Duckweed the values came out to be 34% for BOD5,...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Olubumi Atolani2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji3
Toxicity Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on Pratylenchus spp. of Zea mays
...vealed the presence of terpenoids and phenolics as major constituents of E. globulus. The essential oil showed the presence of 1,8-cineole (23.3%), citronella (18.1%), geranial (17.6%), isopulegol (10.4%), myrcene (13.0%), cuminaldehyde (9.1%) and 2-pinene (8.5%) as major constituent. Results obtained in this research revealed that essential oil from Eucalyptus (a bio-nematicide) holds promise as an affordable and environmentally-friendly alternative for nemat...
Zhen-Yang Wu1, Li Li1, Yu-Hua Fu2, Sheng Wang3, Qing-Ming An1, Xiao-Hui Tang4, Xiao-Yong Du3,5,* and Fei Zhou6,*
... production of Tibetan carpets and its coat color as one of important economic traits which can affect wool price directly. In this study, to investigate the functional roles of genes in Tibetan sheep skin with different coat colors, we sequenced genes from six skin samples using Solexa sequencing. The RNA-Seq analysis generated 63,283,784 and 63,644,062 clean reads in black and white skin, respectively. A total of 60 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were...
Hannan Nasib Hamid1,*, Muhammad Rais1, Muhammad Arif2 and Rubina Noor2
... present study reports herpetofauna of Sheikh Buddin National Park for the first time which could be used as a baseline. The national park features arid climate and two main vegetation types: tropical thorn forest and sub-tropical broad-leaved ever green forest. The data were gathered from July, 2017 to August, 2018, from major habitat types of the national park using visual encounter survey method aided with pitfall and funnel trapping. Twenty three he
Aylin Celile Oluk1*, Ugur Serbester2, Murat Reis Akkaya3 and Oya Berkay Karaca4
...matic hydrocarbons and terpenes. Milk samples were collected at the early and late lactation periods from Hatay and Kilis, Turkey. During both periods, the goats consumed a diversity of plant species. Milk collected from Kilis had 15.27-16.10% total solids,5.70-6.50% fat and 4.80-5.10% protein. The lactose content did not differ significantly between milk samples from the two locations (3.90-4.20%). Total unsaturated fatty acid levels were significantly higher...
Bushra Baig and Saeeda Yousaf*
..., Flavonoids, Tannins, Terpenoids and Phenolic compounds were found both in Black pepper and Neem.Quantitative analysis indicated 21 active componentsin Black pepper which were dominated byCaryophyllene (32.3%), Delta-3-carene (18.7%) and Cinene(15.5%). Neem showed 17 active components, among them Beta-Pinene (14.8%), Delta-Elemene (14.4%) and Palmitic acid (13.2%) were dominant. The mix-biopesticide of Black pepper and Neem in comparison to their individual i...
Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Usman Ali2, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Bushra Nisar Khan1, Waqar Ahmed1, Zakir Hussain1, Mian Amman Ullah1, Nimra Afzal1 and Anjum Ara2
...dian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii Hilaire, 1818) is a small carnivore, controls the population of reptiles, ground birds, small mammals, insects, distributed in plain areas of Pakistan and southern AJ and K. The present study aimed to investigate conflict of Indian grey mongoose with human beings. Field surveys were conducted from April 2015-March 2016 in 18 localities of Mirpur, AJ and K. Human mongoose conflict was evaluated following str...
Asmaa A.M. Abd El-Ghani *; Ahmed B.M.; Abdel-Raouf A. ; Nagwa S. Ata* and H.A. Hussein
...investigated on bovine herpes-1 (BHV-1) infection in vitro. An ethanolic
extract of Salvadora persica was used in two concentrations. MDBK cells grown on
Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) were used for virus propagation and titration. The
effects of two concentrations of Salvadora persica on viral growth in MDBK cells as
well as cytolytic activity of BHV-1 were evaluated at different times pretreatment
,...
Aya El-Turkey1, A. K. El-Attar1, A. E. Aboulata1, B. Othman2 and K. A. El-dougdoug2
...nst HSV-2....
Abd El-Hamid, M.I1, Seham, A.El-Zeedy1, El-Sanousi, A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1, Abbas, A.M1
Abd El-Hamid, M.I1; Seham, A. ElZeedy1; El-Sanousi A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1., Abbas, A.M1
...ns....
Radwa M. Shafie 1 and Soha S. M. Mostafa2
...alkaloids, phenols and terpenoids in both algal filtrates and biomass were determined....
Shahida Sabir1, Anwar Ali Shad1, Tariq Masood1*, Zafar Ali Shah1, Nasiruddin2, Yaseen Ahmad1 and Syed Sartaj Alam3
...s. Flavonoids, lipids, terpenoids and glycosides were present in extracts at moderate to high concentrations. Methanolic fraction of mushroom proved to be bactericidal with highest % inhibition (65, 36 and 75 %) recorded at 25 mg/L concentration against all the three bacterial strains i.e., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Xanthomonas sp., respectively. Maximum % inhibition (about 50%) was recorded at 25 mg/L concentration against all the three fungal specie...
Nagwa K. Meselhy1, Mohamed A. Abo El-khair1, Basem M. Ahmed2, Sherif A. El-Soally3,
Abdelhamid M. Fares1, Mohamed A. Nayel1 and Hussein A. Hussein2
...div>Background: Equine herpes virus 1 (EHV-1) has a significant economic impact on equine industry. It
is a highly contagious pathogen, mainly transmitted by inhalation of aerosols of virus laden respiratory
secretions especially with high population during equestrian events. Reactivation of virus in nonsymptomatic,
latently (silently) infected horses is the main cause of circulation of such virus in horses.
Meth...
Guan-bao Ning1, Sheng Niu1, Yue-jian Li1,2, Xiao-xiao Lu1,3, Shi-xiong Yang1, Ali-Raza Jahejo1, Ding Zhang1, Wei-fang Hao4, Wen-wei Gao1, Yu-jun Zhao1, Jian-hui Li1, Fang Yan1, Rong-kun Gao1, Yu-hai Bi1,5, Wen-xia Tian1* and Ling-xia Han6*
...iated, oncogenic alpha herpesvirus that causes Marek’s disease (MD) in chickens. Chicken erythrocytes are nucleated cells of myeloid origin which contribute to gases exchange, transportation and immunity. The objective of this study was to reveal the immune responses of MDV-infected erythrocytes of chicken by transcriptome analysis. Twenty specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were divided into two groups as control and treatment. The chickens of treatme...
Sonam Khatri1, Shaheen Faizi2, Shahina Fayyaz1 and Erum Iqbal1*
...s, esters, fatty acids terpenes, flavonoids and steroids are assembled in this article which further provide a basis for a noteworthy nematicidal effect....
Mustafa Ozan Atasoy
...ly important diseases. Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) has long been considered a versatile tool owing to its non-pathogenic characteristic, relatively higher transgenic capacity, and enabling the DIVA strategy. Numerous bivalent and multivalent HVT constructs have been generated by various methods and some of these constructs have been made commercially available so far. The efficacy of HVT-vectored vaccines has been assessed either individually or in combinatio...
Najeeb Ullah1*, Adnan Ihsan1, Syed Fahad Shah1, Kamran Sohail1, Muhammad Sohail Khan1 and Said Hussain Shah2
Juliet N. Ozioko1, Obinna V. Ayogu2, Benjamin O. Ezema1, Dilibe C. Uramah3 and Kingsley O. Omeje*,1
...tannins, saponnins and terpernoids were detected. The leaf extract had 0.415 % of alkaloids, 0.102 mg/TAEq of tannins, 0.211 mg/QEq of flavonoids and 0.360 mg/GAEq of phenolics. Phytol, oleic acids, hexadecanoic acids and octadecanoic acids were detected in the leaf extract by Gas Chomatography-Mass Spectroscopy. White blood cells, hemoglobin and platelets were some of the hematological indices increased after the oral administration of the extract. Red cell d...
Xuelong Chen1, Honghai Wang2, Wenchao Li1, Weina Guo1 and Yanping Qi1*
...lign: justify;">Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is a virus capable of causing serious respiratory distress in yaks, and it can further result in reproductive diseases and late-term abortions. In this article, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis aimed at exploring BHV-1 prevalence in yaks of the Chinese Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). To complete this analysis, we identified all relevant articles on this topic in both English and Chinese literature databases pu...
Uzochukwu Ephraim Emeto, Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo* and Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze
...diasis and cestodiasis perpetrate serious health and welfare challenges on horses. In countries such as Nigeria, where control of these endoparasites relies on periodic use of anthelminthics, epidemiological evaluations are necessary for deploying meaningful intervention strategies. Such investigations are lacking in the region; hence, the occurrence, risk-factors and nature of cestodiasis and nematodiasis of horses at Obollo-Afor southeastern Nigeria were inv...
Mimi Syazwani Jaapar1, Eric Lim Teik Chung1,2*, Nazri Nayan1, Mamat Hamidi Kamalludin1,2, Mookiah Saminathan3, Kalai Vaani Muniandy2, Muhammad Hazziq Mohd Hamdan1, Shokri Jusoh1, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse2,4
...ed from six young male Dorper cross sheep for the analyses of gas production, pH, in vitro organic matter digestibility, ammonia nitrogen, and volatile fatty acids (VFA). All analyses were conducted according to established methods and data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test to determine the level of significance among treatments. The net gas production and gas production kinetics demonstrate...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi
...reduced significantly. Terpenes, esters, aldehydes, phenols and ketones were identified as the major constituents of the fractions with partial characterization. The reduction in nematode population in the screenhouse and field signifies that fractions from M. indica could be employed in place of the environmentally undependable synthetic nematicides, while encouraging a sustainable and safe environment in tomato cultivation....
Saima Mehar1 and Salma Javed2*
... withaperuvin C and triterpenoid, betulinic acid and the pure isolated bio active constituents also showed the 100% significance mortality with the constant concentration of 1 and 0.5 mg/lagainst the M. incognita. The present study revealed that withanolides compounds efficiently controlled and reduced population of root- knot nematodes....
Basel A. Abokhadra, Samah M. Mosad, Sahar Abd El Rahman*
... justify;">Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus of Herpesviridae family. Closely related alpha herpesviruses; BoHV-1 and Bovine herpes virus-5 (BoHV-5) have the same antigenic and genetic relatedness. BoHV-1 is one of the viruses that incriminated in respiratory disease; affects the genital tract and causes signifi...
Muhammad Zaeem Abbas1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Amjad Islam Aqib2, Mughees Aizaz Alvi1*, Muhammad Haleem Tayyab1, Muzafar Ghafoor1, Muhammad Usman Naseer3, Ali Abbas4 and Ali Hassan1
...y condition score and puerperal metritis. Collectively, the animals with high milk yield, in third week of lactation, carrying >4 body condition score, in third parity and aged buffaloes were more prone to ketosis. These results highlight the occurrence of ketosis in buffaloes and offers an action plan to mitigate the risk of ketosis which may result in better production in livestock....
Muhammad Ajmal Khan1, Muhammad Yahya2*, Ali Hazrat2, Javed Khan3, Saeed Jan4, Tabinda Nowsheen2 and Inam Ullah5
...aloids, flavonoids and terpenoids contents. The antibacterial activity of methanolic leaves extract of T. camphoratum was carried out against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains through agar well diffusion assay (small wells were made with cork borer and 6μl of plant extract was added to the wells). The antioxidant activity of methanolic leaves extract was evaluated through a well established protocol 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH)...
Omnia Mohamed Khattab1*, Hala Kamel Abdelmegeed2, Mohamed Mahmoud Mashaly1, Mervat Hamdy1*, Naglaa Hagag1, Ayman Hamed3, Hanan Aly Fahmy3, Essam Ibrahim4, Momtaz Abdelhady Shahein2, Elsayyad Mohamed Ahmed2
Amoon Danial1, Shahan Azeem1*, Sohail Raza1 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2
Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi1 , Sameh Abdel- Moez Ahmed Amer1, Asmaa Mahmoud Matoaq1 , Mohamed Abdel Aziz Kutkat1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel-Alim2
...) and live recombinant herpes virus of turkey (rHVT-ND-IBD) alone or in combination with inactivated NDV vaccines either of genotypes II or VII (commercially available or autogenously prepared). Different vaccination regimes are applied at various designated days to 260 commercial broiler chickens in 13 groups; 20 birds each. At 28 days-old, all groups were challenged with NDV genotype VII 1.1 strain “NDV-CHICKEN-EGY-ALEX-NRC-2020” to evaluate the ...
Seasonal Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Birds in Agricultural Landscapes of Gujrat, Pakistan
Muhammad Umar1*, Mubashar Hussain1 and David C. Lee2
...transects to a maximum perpendicular distance of 50 m; 0.1 km2 surveyed per transect. In total, we recorded 39 bird species belonging to 20 families and eight orders. We found significant differences in seasonal abundance and species richness related to species’ residential status. Across the survey period, species diversity was greater in winter (October-March; H´= 3.279) than in summer (April-September; H´= 2.987). Spatially, avian diversit...
Ahmad Nadeem1,2 and Rubina Arshad1,2,*
...logy on De Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar plates, Gram staining, biochemical tests and molecular characterization. The co-culturing of LAB isolates with fungal cultures (in vitro) showed that among seven LAB isolates, only three possessed antifungal activity. One promising wild type isolate (LPA6) was subjected to gamma irradiation for mutation induction. Seeds of two chickpea varieties were inoculated with LAB isolates in four treatments comprising of T1 (wild ...
Ayesha Saeed1*, Farzana Kishwar2, Ahsan Nazir3, Sharjeel Abid4, Muhammad Abiodullah5, and Danial Ali6
...tochemicals such as triterpenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Keeping in view and get benefit from their fruitful properties the aim of the study was to develop antibacterial dry sheet nanofiber mask loaded with leaf extracts of MA and HRS as antibacterial agents in SA/PVA nanofibers through electrospinning method, which was just wet before its application. Leaf extracts were used at three concentration levels (0.5, 1, and 1.5 %). Scanning Electro...
Thobela Louis Tyasi*, Innocent Mokhwee Mohlabeng and Lebelo Joyceline Selala
...ce (SC). A total of 40 Dorper rams aged between 1 to 5 years were used for data collection. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between BW, TL, TD and SC, and Spearman’ rho correlation was used to determine the relationship between BCS, BW, TL, TD and SC. Pearson’s correlation results indicated that BW had a positively high statistical significant correlation with TL (r = 0.64), TD (r = 0.64) and SC (r = 0.64). Spearm...
V. Sunitha*, V. Vasudeva Rao, V. Ravinder Reddy, P. Venkateshwarlu, A.V.L.N. Ramalingeswar Rao and B. Naresh
...owed by rodents (33%), herpetofauna (9.5%) and unidentified invertebrates (6.5%). Among the rodents (33%) Rattus rattus, Bandicota bengalensis, Funambulus palamaram, Mus musculus and Mus booduga. The insects (51%) which includes Orthoptera (21%), Coleoptera (19%) and Dermaptera (11%) were predominantly recorded. The month wise analysis for the year 2015-17 showed that the diet of the spotted owlet closely related to availability of prey in the study area. The ...
Iqra Qazi1, Sohail Raza1*, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Avais2
...lign: justify;">Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is globally circulated bovine virus of genital and respiratory importance. The present study was planned to investigate the sero-prevalance of BoHV-1 and its associated risk factors in District Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan. The sample size was calculated using Raosoft sample size calculator. A total of 250 animals were sampled from herds of different sizes for sampling through convenient sampling technique. A ques...
Aqsa Batool1, Masood Rabbani1*, Farhat Nazir Awan2, Sohail Raza1, Sehrish Firyal3 and Shahan Azeem1
...lign: justify;">Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an emerging disease responsible for high production losses in the dairy animals. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of BoHV-1 in and associated risk factors with disease prevalence in various agro-ecological zones of Pakistan focusing on the Punjab Province. A total of 400 samples were randomly collected from cattle and buffalo of wheat rice Punjab, mixed Punjab, cotton/wheat P...
Fahrauk Faramayuda*, Soraya Riyanti and Sitty Mahanadhiandinie
..., polyphenols, and monoterpene-sesquiterpenes. Ethyl acetate extract of white tea leaves has very strong antioxidant activity....
Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Rizwan2,3*, Tanveer Ahmad4, Muhammad Kashif5, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ali6, Asghar Abbas7, Safder Imran8, Sidra Saher9, Syeda Fakhra Waheed10
...ere was no proof of rinderpest occurrence since long in area of examination. Participatory disease surveillance presented to be a worth full technique to obtain trustworthy data that may be helpful in making most effective policies for control and eradication of livestock diseases in and Pakistan.
Novelty Statement | Participatory surveillance for infectious and infectious diseases of livestock is effective for diseases era...
Nourhan M.M. Hassnin, Ali H.H. Ali and Hosny H. Kesba*
...ates were fatty acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, alcohols, and esters with different concentrations. Terpenoids were the major compounds in root exudates of HR cultivar and fatty acids in MS ones. Such phytochemicals’ high ratios were proportionally connected with the host resistance reaction....
Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1*, Shimaa A.S. Hasan1, Nashwa Harb1, Amal H.A. Gomaa2 and Maha Anani3
..."text-align: justify;">Herpes simplex virus infections are usually asymptomatic, however infection during pregnancy is life-threatening for pregnant women and their newborns. We aimed to assess both the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 among pregnant women in Ismailia City as well as the impact of pregnancy duration on their prevalence. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 94 serum samples ...
Carla Meneguin Barbosa1*, Fabio Gregori2, Cairo Monteiro1, Thais Helena Martins Gamon1, Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli1, Tânia de Freitas Raso2 and Edison Luiz Durigon1
...stify;">Psittacid Alphaherpesvirus 1 (PSHv-1) is the causative agent of Pacheco’s disease that infects psittacine birds, highly transmissible and presenting high mortality rate. Here we describe the investigation of 98 sudden deaths of birds, belonging to 8 Brazilian native psittacine species, divided in two outbreaks, one year apart between 2016 and 2017, in a breeding farm in São Paulo State, Brazil. PSHv-1 was detected in 6 species (61 birds) t...
O. A. Fabiyi
... steroids,
terpenoids, reducing sugars, phenols, alkaloids, glycosides and carbohydrates. Nematicidal activity of D. oliveri
leaves is being reported for the first time. The crude extracts and chromatographic fractions are potent at very low
concentrations compared with standard carbofuran. Therefore, the leaves of D. oliveri could be employed as a
viable source of natural nematicide instead of synthetic toxic ne...
Ghulam Jelani1, Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan2, Rida Asrar3, Muhammad Ahmad1,4*, Chanda Naseem5, Zafar Ali Khoso6, Majid Hussain Soomro7*
SYED ZULFIQAR ALI ABIDI, HAFIZ ABDULLAH SHAKIR, SYED SHAHID ALI, & JAVED IQBAL QAZI*
...ds, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, quinine, oxalic acid and steroids). Twenty one plants showed the presence of phytochemicals. The use of piscicidal property of these plants may improve the production of aquaculture by getting rid of unwanted fish species.
Key Words: Alcoholic extract, Aqueous extract, Phytochemicals, Metabolites, Plants
...
Chenchen Liu1,2, Tong Wang1, Muhammad Khan3*, Xiaolin Cui2 and Yongming Li1,2*
...logically active sesquiterpene lactone compound has been shown to exhibit anticancer activity against a series of human cancers through multiple mechanism. However, the anticancer effects of ALT against ovarian cancer remains unknown. Here, we report that ALT inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in parental and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Growth inhibitory effects of ALT are evident from CCK-8, Edu, and colonogenic assays. The molecular mechanis...
Irene S. Gamil1* and Dalia Fouad1,2
...lata (Laurenti, 1768) (Serpentes: Colubridae) collected from El Faiyoum Governorate, Egypt. Standard methods of collection of the snakes and examination of the cestode tapeworms for taxonomic studies were used. Ophiotaenia tessellata sp. n. was identified and being separable from Ophiotaenia species found in African snakes as well as those from colubrid snakes based on many morphological characteristics. Analysis of a dataset based on 473 bp of its 18S rRNA ge...
Amina Rahat1, Zahin Anjum1*, Sehlina Zehra2, Fatima Umal Baneen3 and Rabia Chishti1
... phenolics, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, essential oils, lectin, polypeptides, and polyacetylenes are present in medicinal plants. These bioactive chemicals serve as a foundation for the creation of antibiotics that are utilized to cure infectious illnesses. Allium sativum is being used traditionally since ages for many purposes. It is extensively used in numerous dishes throughout the world and due to its aromatic nature, as a fragrance and Plantago ovata ...
Altaf Ur Rahman1, Muhammad Ajmal Khan2*, Ali Hazrat3, Awais Farid4, Muhammad Yahya3* and Inam Ullah5
...flavonoids (3.40%) and terpenoids 2.30%. The methanolic extract of C. jacquemontii depicted promising antibacterial potential towards various tested bacterial strain in order of P. aeruginosa > E. coli > S. typhi > MRSA comparable to vancomycin. The highest percent mean growth inhibition (MGI) was observed against P. aeruginosa of 90.5±4.3 compared to vancomycin (61.26±6.31). The Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) noted against P. aeruginosa was 2...
Sara H. Zughayyar*, Amer H. Gyad
... alkaloids, coumarins, terpenes, and glycosides, while steroids and proteins were absent. The extract displayed antidiarrheal activity comparable to loperamide, showing a significant reduction in intestinal content volume and weight (P≤0.05). In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of Prosopis farcta L. fruits demonstrated promising antidiarrheal activity, potentially due to the phytochemical constituents identified, warranting further research for clinical ap...
Arslan Muhammad Ali Khan1, Rao Zahid Abbas1*, Zia ud Din Sindhu1, Muhammad Shahid Mahmood2
...essential oil were monoterpenoids (limonene and α-terpinene, and α-terpineol) (33.8%) while other chemical compounds were α-terpinolene (9.5%), sabinene (9.3%), 1- Carveol (8.9%), α-phellandrene (7.8%), linalool (4.7%), myrtenol (4.7%), nerolidol (4.6%), β-pinene (4.6%), terphenyl acetate (3.6%), 1, 8-cineole (2.7%), and traces (1.7%). Five different concentrations of A. subulatum essential oil (0.31, 0.62, 1.25, 2.50, and 5% v/v) ...
Wei Wan1, Xiao-Li Wang1, Shu-Juan Wang2, Qin Si2 and Li-Qing Duan1*
... 12 representative monoterpenoids in essential oils were evaluated for their acute toxicity, synergistic or antagonistic effects on adult P. sinica. The modified residual film method was used to test the toxicity of individual and binary mixture of these monoterpenoids against adult P. sinica. The effects of these monoterpenoids on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase ...
El-Tarabili M. M., El-Shahidy M. S., Rifaat M. M., Kania S. A. and Abdelwahab Shahira A.
... MCF is caused by gammaherpes viruses, genus rhadinovirus; which includes a group of viruses including ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2), caprine herpesvirus 2 (CpHV-2) and white tailed dear strain (MCFV-WTD). Malignant catarrhal fever virus infection characterized by sporadic occurrence, fever and high mortality. In this study two real time PCR assays had been used to detect the MCF virus stra...
Hassanein, S.A.*; Ibrahim, A.K**; Mervat, M.M.* and Nahed,K.A.*
... and field isolates of herpesviruses recovered from cattle, sheep and goat in Egypt were compared by virus neutralization, (VN), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Antigenic comparison using VN test and their effect on MDBK cell culture detected no difference, thus demonstrating the close antigenic relationship between the examined herpesviruses. Using the re...
Tabinda Nowsheen1, Sayed Wadood Ali Shah2, Ali Hazrat1*, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar4 and Muhammad Ajmal Khan3
...istence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics steroids and carbohydrates but deficient of proteins. In minimum inhibitory concentration assay, the crude methanolic extracts showed significant inhibition against all tested bacterial strains at25, 50 and 100 µg/ml. The methanolic crude extract of A. maritime various parts showed MIC of 37.5µg/ml for S. aureus which is gram-positive bacteria followed by 75µg/ml for P. aeruginos...
Muhammad Akram1, Anirban Mandal2*, Mehwish Iqbal3, Arindam Mukherjee4, Ritika Bandyopadhyay5, Surendar Rangasamy6, Rida Zainab1, Muhammad Talha Khalil1, Pragnesh Parmar7 and Umme Laila1
..., is efficient against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and influenza A virus. Ascorbic acid, beta carotene and lots of phenolics play active parts in decreasing inflammation, postponing aging, and averting certain kinds of carcinomas. There are some phenolic compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, vitamins and lignins derived from plants acts as antioxidants. In this review article, w...
Olaolu Fadeyi1,2, Oluwatoyin Fabiyi3*, Tesleem Bello4 and Gabriel Olatunji5
...nts such as phenol, triterpenoids, flavonoids and other bio-active compounds. The array of fatty acid esters revealed in the GCMS result of the fractions especially fraction 52-71/Z2 is responsible for the exhibited toxicity to M. incognita with observed reduction in nematode population in roots and soil of the Okro plants. This resulted in increased fruit weight and the number of fruits per plant....
Abeer Alahmari1,2*
...ontent of furano-sesquiterpenes, which possess powerful antioxidant activities....
Shah Zeb Khan1, Ali Hazrat1*, Farman Ali Khan2, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar3, Muhammad Ajmal Khan4 and Hayat Ullah1
...compounds (flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and saponins) in the bark of V. negundo (L.) roots and stem, as well as their potential antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The crude was obtained in 95 % methanolic which was further fractionated into n-hexane (HR, HS), Chloroform (CR, CS), ethyl acetate (EtR, EtS) and butanol (BR, BS) soluble fractions by solvent-solvent extraction. In phytochemical tests of roots fractions; HR showed the presen...
Amir Afzal1*, Sairah Syed1, Hafiz Husnain Nawaz2, Ruqeah Mustafa1, Marjan Aziz1, Madeeha Khan1, Azra Khan3, Uzma Javed1, Attiq Ur Rehman4, Rubab Altaf 5 and Qamar Shakil6
...understand how disease perpetuates from one year to next year. Recent studies have shown that Pst populations can undergo rapid adaptation to changing environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, which can influence the timing and severity of stripe rust epidemics. The evolution and diversity of Pst pose significant challenges for the management and control of stripe rust in wheat crops. Effective strategies for disease control require a better u...
VAQAR UL HASSAN,SUKARI MOHAMMAD ASPLLAHA,AHMAD FAUJAN BIN H ALI JAMBARI H
Zahid Mahmood1, Mohammad Salim2, Nowsherwan Zarif1, Zahid Rauf1, Muhammad Naqash1 and Ahmad Hussain3
...to grains, compression perpendicular to grains, End hardness and Side hardness. Results revealed that Papular deltiodes has low-very low strength wood species with moderate hardness; Papular euphratica were a high-density species having high elasticity, low bending and compression, with medium hardness; Eucalyptus citridora was hard with medium to very high strength properties, Eucalyptus camaldulensis was high in both density and c...
Kiramat Khan1, Tahir Sajjad2, Nasrullah Jan Malik2, Hassan Sher3, Farrukh Hussain4 and Muhammad Iqbal1
...caule and Viola serpense) at four different locations in upper Swat valley during 2000-2001. The altitude of these locations ranged from 1200 to 1900 m.a.s.I. Suitability of ex-situ cultivation of these medicinal plant species and their economic feasibility was also worked out. The highest mean survival percentage of 80.7 across location -was observed for V. serpense followed by 58.7 % for C. sativa....
Laskar M. Rehman and M. I. Sheikh
...ittle input
for their perpetuation this erstwhile resource is fast
disappearing. The present paper summarizes the mangroves
of Pakistan, the area and distribution, flora and funa,
management, utilization, and causes of degradation.
Suggestions have also been made to improve the
situation....
Ioryisa Verinumbe
...1.76 N/mm2 (perpendicular and parallel to grain of face veneer respectively. MOE parallel to grain was 19209.44 N/mm2 and MOE perpendicular to grain was 3498.29 N/mm2. Mean density and moisture content as received was 597.65 kg/m3 and 9.84% respectively. At the testing conditions of 65% relative humidity and 200 C, mean density was 589.85 kg/m3 while moisture content was 8.37%. Imp...
S. M. Chughtai, Abdus Sadiq and S. Zahir Shah
...; but none of them is
perpetual. The area is much disturbed biotic ally and A.
modesta seems to be the prime target of fuel hunters.
...
Rehana Perveen, Mehmood Akram and Ihsan Ilahi
...ieces of Rauwaolfia serpentina
on Knop's medium supplemented with 1mg/1 of NAA
exhibited vigorous growth when transferred to MS medium
supplemented with 1 mg/1 both of Naphthalene acetic
(NAA) and Benzyl amino purine (BAP). The effect of
varying concentrations of NAA &BAP alone and in
combination with each other was studied on further
growth and differentiation of the callus. At NAA 1 mg/1,
BAP 0.5 mg/1 NAA 0.5 mg/1 roots developed at 0.5mg/1...
Islam Mahmud Khan, Shaukat Islam and Qaisar Ali
...in Peshawar exhibits bicarpellary and tricarpellary, apocarpous condition. This character has been noticed and reported for the first time. The appearance of a rudimentary carpel ranges from 31% to 0% in the plants growing in the similar environmental conditions. The point of attachment and the T.S. of the gynophores and ovary are given. The probable mode of inheritance is also discussed.
...
Sundus Oun Ali Al-Zaini1, Mohanad A. Al-Bayati3*, Khazaal Abbas Khazaal2, Salma Talib Salih1
...munization against Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) and Aeromonas hydrophila antigen in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, using formalin-inactivated versions of both virus and bacteria (mean body weight of 108.2±1.2g). Vaccines that have been prepared and loaded into Nano liposome blank that have been formulated according to the thin film method (Bangham). The experimental was designed into four fish groups for vaccinination. The Formulated vaccines (viral and bacteri...
Zara Naeem1, Khajista Jabeen1*, Muhammad Khalid Saeed2, Sumera Iqbal1
...he plant was devoid of terpenoids, phlobatannins, and glycosides. Hence it can be concluded that the methanolic leaf extract of the tested plant effectively inhibited the growth of test mycotoxigenic fungi....
Lin Li1*, Lu Lu2, Gang An2 and Xiaoguang Zhang3
Truong Thanh Trung1, Nguyen Thi Kim Dong2, Tran Long Hai1
...ction meal, Operculina turpethum, and Pennisetum purpureum. The experiment was carried out for 12 weeks in which sperm of the experimental rabbits was collected and analyzed weekly. After 12 weeks of semen collection, 1 bucks per treatment with stable semen quality were used for mating with does to evaluate reproductive performance. Six does were used for each treatment (total 30 doe rabbits). The results of the study showed that there was a fluctuating tenden...
Mustofa Hilmi1,4, Zuprizal2, Nanung Danar Dono2, Bambang Ariyadi3*
...m, Man’s Rogosa Sharpe Agar, Man’s Rogosa Sharpe Broth, bacterial cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, and Lactobacillus sp. FNCC 0020, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 700720, Escherichia coli FNCC 0091, tetracycline, and 70% alcohol. Antibiotic sensitivity testing employed the Kirby-Bauer and optical density 600 techniques to assess microbial growth inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MI...
Yusuf Subagyo*, Merryafinola Ifani, Hermawan Setyo Widodo
...ty acids, steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, and tannins. Few toxic compounds, such as tannins in C. calothyrsus, were not at harmful levels. The ethyl acetate fraction has higher toxicity 13.34±5.78; 50.00±10.00; 100.00±0.00% and hexane as lowest 6.67±5.78; 20.00±0.00; 60.00±10.00%. Fraction from 50% Ethanol extraction has the lowest LC50 (560.63ppm). Replacement of concentrate using dried C...
Nur Anis Hashim1, Nor Hasima Mahmod1*, Abubakar Abdullahi Lema2, Lee-Hoon Ho3 and Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker1
...osides, flavonoids and terpenoids. The findings demonstrated that fresh calyx retained the highest antioxidant capacity, thus providing insights into post-harvest processing of the calyx.
... 
