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Stephen Kershnar

...ssues in a way that will shape future discussions of the field. It is also well-written, including interesting-and-enjoyable references to historical figures (for example, Mother Theresa, Adolf Hitler, and Paul Gauguin), artists (for example, Aldous Huxley and Woody Allen), and works of art (for example, Groundhog Day and Guernica). In this critical study, I summarize the book and then put forth objections to its central ideas. In particular, I argue that Metz...

Ashley C. Banyard1* and Satya Parida2

...provement is required to shape our understanding of the disease and its distribution alongside areas of investigation that require consideration in any viral eradication campaign. 

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Metin Duru1*, Asuman Arslan Duru1, Köksal Karadaş2, Ecevit Eyduran3, Harun Cinli4 and Mohammad Masood Tariq5

...799, P<0.01), and egg shape index-egg height (r=0.693, P<0.01). ANOVA results revealed that treatment factor influenced only egg height among all the egg characteristics (P<0.05). The effect of treatment by week interaction on all the characteristics was non-significant. The significant differences in other egg characteristics between weeks were recorded except for egg shape index and egg height (P<0.05). Very st...
Lingtong Ye1, Chao Cao1,2, Bin Tang1,2, Tuo Yao1, Ruixuan Wang1 and Jiangyong Wang1*
...igmentation pattern, the shape of the anterior edge of the prostomium, the shape of the major spines on chaetiger 5, and the shape of the pygidium. The COI gene sequence demonstrated that the intraspecific distance of P. websteri was 0.33%, whereas the interspecific distance of P. websteri ranged from 18.88% (with P. brevipalpa) to 24.79% (with Boccardia proboscidea...
Muhammad Mohsin Javed*, Muhammad Azhar Nisar, Bushra Muneer and Muhammad Usman Ahmad
...PP-R) pipes jointed in U-shaped manner with a cation exchange membrane. The MFC constructed was subjected for the bioelectricity production by using vegetable waste extract as substrate. The power production was analyzed for three days. Maximum power density of 88990mW/m2 with a current density of 314.4mA/m2 was observed on the second day of process with minimum internal resistance comparatively i.e. 123.23Ω. The higher power...
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Ehsan Kamrani1, Narges Amrollahi Biuki1 and Hossein Zamani2
... spawning months, as a U-shaped trend by August (mid-summer) as its concave curve and it means that the most stores of gonads is in spring. The operational sex ratio (OSR) of E. mathaei was female-biased and was not significantly different during the study. The monthly adult sex ratio (ASR) was significantly different. It means that the sex ratio has no effects on OSR. Moreover, the gonadosomatic indices GSI 1, GSI 2, and GSI 3 were 8.2±0.6, 4.1&...
Sadaf Ijaz Malik1, Kiran Afshan2* and Mazhar Qayyum1
...on the basis of size and shape of worm. The hematological and bile biochemical changes were found in two groups. Pathologically significant changes were observed in the infected tissue. The parasites had formed pocked in the bile duct mucosa, glandular hyperplasia, thickened blood vessels. The results demonstrate that morphological markers, pathological, hematological and bile biochemical studies are effective tools that could be used as complementary in diagn...
Andrea Rezic1, Ivica Boskovic2, Piera Lubinu3, Marina Piria1, Tihomir Florijancic2, Massimo Scandura3 and Nikica Sprem1*
...s in golden jackal skull shape and size due to sexual dimorphism were examined using two dimensional geometric morphometrics approach. A total of 21 landmarks described the dorsal side of the skull and lateral side of the mandible. Individual variation in skull and mandible morphology was statistically significant for the shape (p<0.01). Sexual dimorphism as main effect was highly significant for the dorsal skull

 Nosheen Noor Elahi* and Misbah Mughal

...r of stomata, number and shape of cork, silica, long, and pointed elongated cork cells. It is therefore contended that the structure of the epidermis in sugar cane can be used as a characteristic of variety differentiation.

...

Muhammad Khurshid1,2*, Muhammad Nafees1, Mehmet Somuncu2

... agricultural system and shaped an uncertain environment that is not suitable for both landless nomadic pastoralism and ecological sustainability. This study reflects that how this agriculture encroachment may have contributed to the pastoral resources degradation and subsequent landless pastoralist’s marginalization in uplands of Naran. Extensive field surveys carried out during last three years (2013-2016) to understand crops encroachment process and i...

1Parvin Noor and 2Md. Nashir Uddin

Morphological changes of different castes of the subterranean termites (Odontotermes proformosanus) in fungus combs of termitophiles
...plusmn; 0.07) mm and egg shape ratio is 0.53. Eggs were mostly of broad type. Distinct quiescent period was also observed. Morphological changes completed within 1st to 5th stages. In the 1st stage, total length ranged from 0.8-1.5 mm. Terminal form of workers and soldiers were attained at the 5th stage (4.1- 4.5 mm in body length). During the period of observation, it was found that total length of the nymph, head length and head capsule width are significant...
Rauf Ahmad1, Karam Ahad2 and Aziz Ullah Shah3
...extra-long size, slender shape and coarse type. Nineteen percent samples were long or medium size but slender shape and coarse type as well. Whereas, 21% sample were short or medium size only. Regarding cooking quality, 60% samples were excellent or good and 30% were OK (poor quality). The cooking quality of 10% sample was very poor. Overall 50% candidate varieties were excellent or good and 16% were OK whereas only 23% were...
Sidra Manzoor1,Asif Nadeem1,*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Wasim Shehzad1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Muhammad Imran1, Tanveer Hussain2, Abdul Wajid1 and Maryam Javed1
...ing the termination loop shape in mRNA. However, to increase the selection efficacy of dairy animals, the effects of candidate polymorphism should further be screened in different environments and genetic backgrounds.
...
Muhammad Imran Shabbir
... squares along polygonal shapes covers all possible parental combinations and their genotypic and phenotypic outcomes in offspring. In this way, simple illustrations incorporate a considerable amount of information that provides the opportunity to determine genotype and phenotype probabilities for monogenic Mendelian traits without the need to draw Punnett square for every parental genotype combination. These illustrations provide information for both forward ...

Hassan Hashim Ghalib, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullan Jan and Ghaffar Ali 

...nse curve, is inverted U shaped having a yield maximizing temperature level of 25oC. The rainfall response curve for net-return is U shaped and the minimum net-return rainfall level is 89.6mm. Forecasting of net-returns for the whole KP reveals that an increase in temperature by 2oC from current average level could reduce wheat growers’ net-return by 37 percent. Increase in rainfall by 20 percent from current level cou...
Shengyan Su, Zaijie Dong*, Wenbin Zhu, Lanmei Wang and Jianjun Fu 
...satory like growth. Body shape changed during the compensatory like growth process. This study shows that compensatory like growth of body weight during the cross-breeding can be detected and quantified.
...
LX Ye1,2, JX Wang1,2,*, P Li1,2 and XT Zhang1,2 
...ng, and were irregularly shaped. These findings indicate that ghrelin may participate in the spermatogenesis in the African ostrich. Further studies into this regulation will help clarify the physiological roles played by this hormone in the African ostrich.
...
Xiaoting Zhang1,2, Jiaxiang Wang1,2,*, Peng Li1,2,* and Lixun Ye1,2
...e, round or irregular in shape and tended to be restricted to a single cell. These results demonstrate the presence of ghrelin-ip cells in the lung of the African ostrich and therefore it is speculated that ghrelin may have a physiological function in the lung of the African ostrich.
...
Promy Virk
...spherical to irregularly shaped green gold and silver (Au/Ag) nanopcomposite with an average size of 73.18 nm with polydispersity. A typical optical absorption peak at approximately 2.30 keV and 3.0 keV corresponded to the surface plasmon resonance property of gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. The green gold and silver (Au/Ag) nanocomposite showed a profound antihyperglycemic effect which was significantly better than all other treated groups. The re...
Mustafa Sahin1,*, Esra Yavuz1 and Fatih Uckardes2
...nit (X3), and shape index (X4). The impact of these variables on albumen index was analyzed. Due to the multicollinearity between independent variables, the standard errors and VIF values of the partial regression coefficients in the LS method were found to be quite high. Therefore, the RR and PCR methods were used as an alternative to LS. Compared with LS, PCR and RR led to small standard deviations and more accurate and more reliable pa...

 M. Asif Masood, Irum Raza* and Muhammad Yaseen**

ESTIMATION OF OPTIMUM FIELD PLOT SIZE AND SHAPE IN PADDY YIELD TRIAL
...timum plot size with the shape for field research experiments on paddy yield trial considering the effect of plot size on variability in yield of crop as well as studying the coefficients of variation of different plot sizes and shapes of plots. The Smith's index of soil heterogeneity was computed to estimate optimum plot size and shape using yield data of the 12m×24m recorded separa...

 Muhammad Farooq*, Hidayat Ullah*, Nausherwan Nobel Nawab* and Khalid Mahmood Qureshi**

EVALUATION OF INDIGENOUS TOMATO HYBRIDS UNDER PLASTIC TUNNEL
...Sahel which is oblong in shape while minimum (5.70 cm) in NTT-14-08. Similarly a significant difference was observed among hybrids for fruit diameter. Fruits having more diameter are round to roundish in shape. Fruit diameter ranged from 8.85 to 5.49 -3 cm. Fruit firmness also varied significantly ranging from 3.54 to 1.67 kg m in Sahel and NTT-07-08, respectively. Maximum pericarp thickness (0.90 cm) was recorded in NTT-10-...

 Md. Nazirul Islam*, A. K. Azad**, Leon O. Namuco***, Teresita H. Borromeo***, Maria Lourdes O. Cedo*** and Edna A. Aguilar***

MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION AND DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF A MAKAPUNO COCONUT POPULATION IN U.P. LOS BANOS
...ntial variation in crown shape, bole category, color of young fruit, petiole and inflorescence pigmentation, shape of stem base, fruit characteristics, and leaf structure was observed in the population of 52 palms. Yield of makapuno was estimated as 88%. Simultaneous occurrence of male and female phases allows self-pollination, which favors higher yield of makapuno. The principal component analysis revealed that fruit, nut a...

 Mian Sabahatullah*, Manzoor Ahmad Mashwani**, Qurratul Ain Tahira* and Mian Inayatullah*

NEW RECORD OF SUBFAMILY CHARMONTINAE (BRACONIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) IN PAKISTAN WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
...f metasomal tergum 1 and shape of pterostigma. Pterostigma is 3X longer than broad in this new species, while it is 5X longer than broad in C. extensor. The addition of the new species raises the number of Charmon species to eight in the world. Species of Charmontinae are larval and pupal endoparasitoids of lepidopterous insect pests and their recorded hosts belong to 16 families of Lepidoptera.

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 Syeda Aimen Hadi*, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry*, Aftab Ahmed** and Shaheer Ellahi Khan***

PERCEPTION, APPROACHES AND PRACTICES OF LOCAL FARMING AND DEVELOPMENT: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH
...l, and political system, shaped by the constraints and opportunities associated to the area. Effective and successful development projects must include the local perceptions, their approaches and practices, as the locals are the ones most representative of their issues and have the most workable solution to them. The traditional agriculture has completely been clutched into the nexus of modern farming methods, due to which they are being abandoned by the farme...

 Muhammad Asif Jamil*, Nowshad Khan*, FarhatUllah Khan* and Muhammad Zakria*

EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION TO THE FARMING COMMUNITY OF DISTRICT BHIMBER, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
...ively and used in modern shape.

...

 

Shakir Ullah*, Aish Muhammad*, Iqbal Hussian*, Hafeez-Ur-Rahman**, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder***, Muhammad Din**** and Nizamud Din

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN APRICOT CULTIVARS GROWN IN GILGIT BALTISTAN PAKISTAN
...
size and leaf blade shape were highly correlated (r = 0.383). Positive
correlation found in shape of fruit, weight and percentage of moisture (r =
0.336 and 0.272). Significant correlation was found between fruit weight,
percentage of moisture (r = 0.681) shape of stone (r = 0.067). The result of
this study may be useful for identificati...
Youbao Zhong1, Xianlai Zhang1, Xiaofen Hu1 and Yong Li1, 2,*
...ast cells showed various shapes and sizes in the small intestine and could be detected at four layered structures in the small intestine, but were mainly distributed in the lamina propria and the submucosa, surrounded with connective tissue and blood vessels. In conclusion, the mast cells, goblet cells, lymphocytes and lymphoid nodules contributed to the small intestine mucosal immune barrier, and the distribution characteristics of the mast cells demonstrated...

Mohammad Nazeer* and Safdar Hussain Shah 

...convex, whereas straight shape facial outline was observed in most of Gaddi and Kaghani goat individuals. The ears of Damani and Surguli goat were mostly straight, whereas Kaghani and Gaddi had rounded edge ears in most cases. Horn color was predominantly black, with a little percentage of brown and red in Damani and Gaddi goat. Body hairs were mostly straight with medium length in Damani and Surguli, and long in Kaghani and Gaddi breed. Body size manifested b...
Yanxiao Meng1, Guihua Wang1, Dongmei Xiong1,*, Haixia Liu1, Xiaolin Liu1, Lixin Wang1 and Jianlu Zhang2
...ogical variation in body shape among three morphotypes based on 18 landmarks. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components were 72.99%. CV1 (65.77%) and CV2 (34.23%) were well explained 100% of the observed variation among three morphotypes by Canonical variate analyses (CVA). The morphological variation was well defined by PCA and CVA: B. lenok tsinlingensis had wider and elongat...

Mahwish Rehman1*, Sajjad Ahmad1, Maqsood Shah1 and Inamullah Khan

...idth), location of seta, shape, size (i.e. bristle hair, stiff) on dorsal shield, chaetotaxy and structure of the sternal, , metapodal, anal, and epigynal shields, periterme, morphology of setae on the legs and palps and its arrangement and number were observed. Results of the present study showed that the studied specimens were Varroa destructor, however, no Varrova jacobsoni were recorded during chaetotaxy and morphological studied. The study also confirms t...

Saima Rani*, Hassnian Shah, Nusrat Habib and Muhammad Azeem Khan 

...case of product size and shape has a adverse effect on consumer. Results indicate that when making choices of food, consumers in Islamabad prioritise their health. Furthermore, the households who earn more income perceive a negative impact on health from chemical usage, the more likely they would be willing to pay a high price for a fresh organic vegetable. 

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Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Muhammad Anwar Iqbal1, Arshad Javid2, Abu ul Hassan Faiz1, Irfan3 and Muhammad Irshad Arshad4
... of Punjab province. The shape and length of baculum were the characters that help in clear cut identification of various Pipistrellus species. The external body, cranial and bacular features of the species were compared with available literature.
...
Doğan Türkyılmaz1,*, Selçuk Özyürek2,Nurinisa Esenbuğa1 and Mustafa Yaprak1
... machine milking is pear-shaped and oblique teat (Type III). So this result can help us for selection of milking ability in Morkaraman and Tuj breeds.
...
Zhu-Mei Ren1,*, Xu Su2, Carol D von Dohlen3 and Jun Wen4,1,*
...lla, and the flower-like shape of the galls that are formed on its primary host. Its primary host plant is Rhus hypoleuca, whereas other Nurudea species are on R. chinensis.
...
Haozhen Liu1, Xiangfu Li2, Yinong Wang1,*, Xun Liu3,4, Li Wang1, Dong Liu1, Chen Chen1, Jinjing Li1, Haifeng Jiao5 and Zhongjie You1,5
...ronmental variables that shape their spatial patterns. The environment of the study area has significant spatial heterogeneity. Environmental variables of sediment and water column were studied to provide models for spatial patterns of macrobenthic assemblages. Result showed that most of variation in macrobenthic spatial patterns were explained by the studied environmental variables. Sedimentary sulfide, sedimentary total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and water...

 Muhammad Moosa Abro1, Ali Murtaza Dharejo2, Muhammad Munif Khan2, Nadir Ali Birmani2, Saima Naz2*

Description of first record of Petasiger exaeretus Dietz, 1909 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in avian host from Pakistan.
... features including pear shaped body, maximum width at testicular level, 27 head collar spines, long fore-body, well
developed pharynx, pre-acetabular cirrus sac, tandem and contiguous testes, short uterus, spherical and pretesticular
ovary. P. exaeretus is a common parasitic species of Cormorants. However, it has not been reported from
Pakistan in Little Cormorant, Phalacrocorax niger prior to the present study.

...

 Bushra Siyal1, Sanjota Nirmal Das1, Rafia Rehana Ghazi2, Aly Khan3

Heterotestophyes gibsoni sp.n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the bird little tern (Sternula albifrons) in Sindh, Pakistan
...xta-opposite, rounded in shape. Genital atrium occupies middle of
the body, elongated to rounded in shape, distinctly separated from acetabulum, spines in the crown are 57-60 in
number. Ovary pre-testicular, sub median, equal in size to anterior testis. Uterus profuse with loops in hind body,
between the genital atrium and anterior testis. Vitellaria follicular, commence at little distance below the geni...
Qingling Hu1,2,3,* and Jinian Feng3
...ominal tergites, and the shape and relative locations of setae on tergite IX.
...
Xiao-Ying Ren1, Di Zhang2 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
...ant differences in skull shapes of centroid size in Eothenomys. Orbital cavity and alveolar region had significant differences in intraspecific skulls, some differences were shown in interspecific skulls, such as the point between the anterior tip of suture nasal and premaxilla, anterior tip of suture between nasal and premaxilla, anterior and posterior most ventral points of the upper incisor alveolus, and coronoid process, angular process ascending ra...
Hamidullah1,*, Arshad Javid2, Basit Rasheed1,Jehan Zeb3, Abidullah1 and Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1
....15mm, respectively. The shape and size of the bacula were the characters that helped in clear cut identification of these bat species.
...

Salman Anwar1, 2*, Farhan Anwar Khan3 and Atta-ur-Rahman4 

...natural resources in the shape of fertile agricultural lands, water resources and minerals. Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy. About 70% of its population is directly or indirectly associated with this sector. Gilgit-Baltistan is a vast mountainous and remote area in the extreme north of Pakistan.. The inhabitants of this area are mostly engaged in the agricultural sector. Before the construction of KKH, their mode of agriculture system w...
Faiza Jabeen1,*, Bushra Muneer2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3
...of both strains were rod-shaped, stained Gram positive and formed endospores. The isolates were able to utilize sugars like fructose, Maltose, mannose, xylose, sacchorose, sorbitol, mannitol, Arabinose and polysaccharides like gelatin and starch. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that both isolates belong to the same specie Anoxybacillus rupiensis with 99% similarity under Accession number KF254911 (JF82) and KC849452 (JF83...
Jun Yan Bai*, Shuai Yang, You Zhi Pang, Xiao Hong Wu and Guang Lu Li
...weight, long end and egg shape index of Korean quail are significantly higher than those of Beijing white quail and China yellow quail (P<0.05). The short end, yolk height, yolk width and yolk weight of Korea quail and China white-feather quail are significantly higher than those of China yellow quail (P<0.05), the yolk index of China yellow quail is far higher than those of Korea quail and Beijing white quail (P<0.05), the protein height of Beijing w...
Asghar Khan1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Arfan Yousaf2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Mamoona Chaudhry1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Habibunnabi4 and Amjad Khan5
..., body mass index, udder shape and milk yield), management (udder preparation and teat dipping) and bio-security (source of animal, feed sharing, manure removal and de-worming) factors were identified as potential risk factors (OR>1; P-Value<0.05). An increasing trend of prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis was observed considering previous studies from Pakistan. It can be concluded that the health, management and bio-security measures are under satisfact...
Songhao Zhang1, Yiwen Gong1, Jian Xu1, Mou Hu2, Peng Xu3 and Yanliang Jiang1,2,4,*
...red skin color and purse-shaped body form. However, the underlying genetic basis is less studied. In the present study, we utilized the powerful approach of comparative transcriptome analysis via high throughput sequencing, and examined transcriptome profiles of purse red carp by comparing with Yellow River carp, of which the skin color and body shape are quite similar to wild carp. A total of 434 million reads was generated...

Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2 and Abdul Saboor3 

...elopment is changing the shape of production systems all over the world. A Cobb Douglas type hydroponics production system was developed for estimation of production elasticity of hydroponics in Pakistan. Return to scale was calculated by adding all betas, which indicate the stage of production function of hydroponics system. Domestic resource cost indicates relative efficiency of hydroponics products in domestic resource use. Results indicated that labor used...
Salahud Din1,*, Saima Masood1, Hafsa Zaneb1, Habib Ur Rehman2, Saima Ashraf1, Imad Khan3, Muqader Shah4 and Syed Abdul Hadi1
...but is smaller and wedge-shaped. It is situated between the central tarsal bone proximally and the large metatarsal bone distally. The average maximum height and breadth for fibular tarsal, tibial tarsal, central and fourth fused tarsal, first tarsal, second and third fused tarsal are (5.61±0.23 cm and 2.06±0.13 cm), (2.79±0.05 cm and 1.74±0.01 cm), (1.51± 0.13 cm and 2.08±0.07cm), (0.61 ±0.01 cm and 1.10±...

Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Niaz Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Khalid Hussain1, Sohail Abbas2 and Ali Raza3 

...nsect population. Funnel shaped light traps were used in mungbean and gram crops throughout the year. Effects of light traps were assessed by daily night collections in relation with abiotic factors based on marginal cost benefit ratio. Results indicated that total 32415 insect’s captures were made with >26 insect species including 4 species of bio control agents. Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, Agrotis Sp., Bemesia tabaci and Microtermes Spp...

Arifa Khan1*, Shazia Erum2, Naveeda Riaz1, Abdul Ghafoor2 and Farhat Ali Khan3 

... weight per plant, tuber shape, skin, flesh color, number of eyes per tuber, sensory evaluation and proximate analysis. Results showed significant differences in all yields and phenotypic quality traits. High sprouting (100%) and plant height was observed in CIP8 (31.60 cm). CIP12 produced more number of tubers/plant (23.4 tubers) with low tuber weight while better average tuber weight was observed in CIP22 followed by CIP13 genotypes (95%) while CIP7 showed m...

Jahangir Khan*, Syed Attaullah Shah, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai, Muhammad Fayaz, Shahid Ali, Abbas Ullah Jan and Ghaffar Ali 

...es, such as color, size, shape, freshness and external defect. The data were analyzed using hedonic pricing model. Results show that Consumers have strong preferences for apple freshness, size, color and juiciness and their willingness to pay for these attributes are significantly greater than zero. On the basis of these findings the study recommends that apple growers should focus on best quality apple varieties and should maintain post harvest quality of the...

Iffat Nawaz1*, Farhatullah1, Fida Muhammad1, Sajid Ali2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali

...ved for seed color, seed shape and seed coat pattern. Twenty-nine different colours of common beans were observed in these 96 accessions with pre-dominance of red colour. Four different seed shapes were observed i.e., Cuboid, oval, truncate fastigiated and kidney shape. Cuboid seed shape was predominant with a frequency of 46.8%. Seed coat pattern was ab...
Huanxin Zhang1,2, Hongshuo Tang3, Jun Chen1, Yu Zang1,2, Xuexi Tang1,2,* and Ying Wang1,2,*
...he TLR genes were mainly shaped by purifying selection, and the limit number of positive selection codons may be resulted from ancient functional adaptation in the carnivores.
...

Muhammad Bakhtiar Khan1 and Jangraiz Khan2* 

...volve higher cost in the shape of structure installation and inputs. Tunnel-farming is scientific farming and the growers need to be properly educated and trained. Establishing of cold storage facilities will greatly help farmers to fetch higher income. Additionally, credit facilities to the farmers would help potential progressive growers to adopt tunnel-farming and grow off-season vegetables, thus getting higher yield per acre. 

...
Ramazan İlgün1*, Nilgün Kuru2, Ferhan Bölükbaş3 and Fatih Mehmet Gür4
...he tongue was triangular shaped, and consisted of apex, corpus, and radix sections. The dorsal and ventral surfaces of the tongue were covered by a keratinised stratified squamous epithelium. Lamina propria and submucosal layers were distinguishable underneath the epitelium. SEM observations of surface of the radix linguae revealed conical papillae and tongue caudally directed lingual papillae. Thus, in this study, the anatomy and histology of the tongue of th...
Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1 and Sohail Abbas2
...lus thuringiensis, T-shaped bird perches and Handpicking. Results showed the cumulative effects of all IPM components having 4.81, 4.96, 6.22 % foliage, pod and grain damage, 0.71 larva/plant with 32.28 % yield increase over control treatment. But Marginal Cost Benefit Ratio was -0.46. Light traps proved more efficient and feasible having low environmental risks having minimum percent foliage, pod and gain damage of 2.09, 0.71 and 0.29, respectively with 0...
Jun Yan Bai*, Hong Deng Fan, Shuai Yang, Xue Yan Fu, Heng Cao, Xiao Hong Wu, You Zhi Pang and Kun Peng Shi
....623 and 0.633). The egg shape index and yolk index of egg quail are significantly correlated with locus B (P<0.05). However, locus A has no significant impacts on egg quality of egg quail (P>0.05).
...
Riffat Sultana1, Nuzhat Soomro1,*, Santosh Kumar2, Ahmed Ali Samejo1 and Samiullah Soomro1
...e found in the sizes and shapes of the pods. Beside this, number of eggs in each egg pod, distribution pattern and weight, length and width of eggs in the pods were also noted. Eggs pods of Oxya species were cylindrically elongated, large, slightly bent in the middle and rounded at ends while egg pods of Oxyina bidentata are bean shaped. The weight, width and length of freshly laid egg pods of Oxya speci...
Daniel Cocan1, Vioara Mireşan1, Florentina Popescu1, Radu Constantinescu1, Aurelia Coroian1, Călin Laţiu1, Romulus Valeriu Flaviu Turcu3, Alexandru Ştefan Fărcăşanu3 and Cristian Martonos2,*
...is study we analysed the shape and topography of venomous glands in Brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) through MRI investigations. The main reason of this investigation was to provide a better understanding of the defence mechanism of this species. The presence, topography and structure of venomous glands made brown bullhead one of the top invasive species spreading its habitat worldwide. The specimens were collected from Stejeriş Lake, Cluj County. M...

Nadia Mangrio1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Nihaluddin Mari3 and Zia-ul-Hassan Shah2

...on of Zn was done in the shape of Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO4) whereas, Boron in the shape of Borax (Na2B4O7. 10H2O). The statistical analysis of pooled data of two years experiments indicated that growth, yield, quality and plant nutrients contents of sugarcane were affected appreciably (P<0.05) by Zn and B as judged to check plots. Zn at 15 kg ha-1 (soil applied) resulted in enhanced traits particularly cane yield (111.9 t ha-...

 Muhammad Rafay1,*, Ghafoor Ahmad1, Tahira Ruby2, Muhammad Abdullah3, Fahad Rasheed4, Muhammad Abid1, Sohail Akhtar5, Zulfiqar Ahmad6 and Riaz Hussain7

...September, 2014. The cup shaped nests were made of dry grass and roots by a group of individuals of jungle babbler on Albizzia species having an average clutch size of 4 eggs. Average peripheral and core diameter, depth of nest was 13, 9 and 7 cm, respectively. Breeding completed in 36 days including incubation, nestling, post nestling and fledgling stages of 13, 5, 4, and 14 days, respectively. Overall predation during these stages was 57%. Adults cons...
Salahud Din1,*, Saima Masood1, Hafsa Zaneb1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saima Ashraf1, Imad Khan3, Muqader Shah4 and Syed Abdul Hadi1
...s, Lahore, Pakistan. The shape of the Chinkara skull was elongated and had thirty two bones. The skull was comprised of the cranial and the facial part. The facial region of the skull was formed by maxilla, incisive, palatine, vomar, pterygoid, frontal, parietal, nasal, incisive, turbinates, mandible and hyoid apparatus. The bony region of the cranium of Chinkara was comprised of occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid, interparietal, parietal, temporal and frontal bone....
Shaheen Rahman1, Kafeel Ahmad1*, Niaz Ali2, Muhammad Idrees3 and Waqar Ali4
...bacterial cells were rod shaped having rounded ends. The strains were Gram positive. Results confirmed the pathogenicity of the isolated strains as shown by development of tumours on carrot and potato discs. The pathogenic potential of the isolated strains demand for proper management and control measurements to spread and prevent infections of A. tumefaciens.
...
Saira Saleemi1*, Zafar Iqbal1, Abdul Nasir Khalid2
...of colonies of different shapes and colour appeared in agar plates. Four Aspergillus spp.; Aspergillus terreus (8.40%), A. flavus (17.06%), A. fumigatus (24.02%) and A. niger (50.52%) were isolated from fish. Aspergillus niger showed high infection and it was recorded on all 200 fish samples. Fins were the most affected parts with 39.10% infection. Intestine was the least affected part with 6.59% infection. The major r...

H. Soofi†1 , N. A. Birmani1 , A. M. Dharejo1 , A. R. Abbasi2 , G. S. Ghachal1

Description of new nematode species Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) sindhicus of genus Rhabdochona (Railliet, 1916) from Indus River Pakistan
...ecies of genus with body shape and size, buccal capsule shape, prostomal teeth arrangement, nerve ring position, 18 pairs of caudal papillae, spicules shape curved and broad anteriorly and pointed posteriorly, female genital structures, shape of posterior end in male and female, eggs shape and boundary. Due to morphome...

Sahibzada Abdur Rehman Abid1*, Muhammad Naeem2, Asma Gul3, Nasir Ahmad1 

PASHTO OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION USING NEURAL NETWORK
...text change its size and shapes, as a result 60 Pashto characters with
110 samples for each Pashto character has been used to train the network.

...

Mujahid Khan1*, Mohammad Tufail2, Muhammad Fahad1, Hazi Muhammad Azmathullah3, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam1, Fayaz Ahmad Khan4, Asif Khan5 

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR PATTERN
...nt for various sizes and shapes of such piers. Without having research based knowledge of such patterns,
it becomes extremely difficult to predict/minimize the scouring effects ultimately leading to severe pier damages. In
this research study, experimental investigation is carried out to find the scouring patterns in terms of scour depth
and its extent in lateral direction for circular and square pier models. For this purpose a number of e...

Kulsoom Iftikhar1, Shahzad Anwar1, Izhar Ul Haq1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1 and Sayed Riaz Akbar1 

AN OPTIMAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION
...mity of {cell size, cell shape}, marginal attachment and
radius of circle enclosing the abnormality) are nominated as input features to the ANN to predict the benign or
malignant breast carcinoma. The network is trained, tested and validated on data bases that comprises of a set of
previously extracted features provided by Wisconsin and Essex Universities. For the established neural networks comparative
analysis is performed to stud...

Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Shahnaz Attaullah3, Abdul Shakoor4, Hidayat Ullah Khan5, Khan Alam5, Kausar Shaheen1 

CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFICACY OF ULTRAFAST LASER PULSES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
... radius and its detailed shape has been measured and it
has been demonstrated that Ti: sapphire laser system has the ability to fabricate three dimensional structures for biomedical
applications. Tissue scaffolds have been prepared with different pore sizes suitable for application in different
living tissues. Polymerisation based on a direct write system to build up solid polymeric material for the fabrication
of three dimensional ...

Numan Ahmad, Shahid Bashirand Shahid Rauf 

DESIGN OF MINITURISED MIMO ANTENNA WITH W-LAN BAND NOTCHED FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) APPLICATIONS
.... A ‘spider’ shape structure is etched on the ground as a decoupling structure to obtain impedance matching as well as desired isolation. W-LAN notched band in the entire Ultra Wide band is obtained by etching a couple of straight line on the ground plane. A very compact UWB-MIMO antenna with overall dimension of 20×20 mm2 has been proposed which is smaller than most of other MIMO antennas designed for UWB. Impedance bandwidth for the propose...

 Numan Ahmad1, Shahid Bashir1*, Shahid Rauf1

DESIGN OF MINITURISED MIMO ANTENNA WITH W-LAN BAND NOTCHED FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) APPLICATIONS
.... A ‘spider’ shape structure is
etched on the ground as a decoupling structure to obtain impedance matching as well as desired isolation. W-LAN
notched band in the entire Ultra Wide band is obtained by etching a couple of straight line on the ground plane. A
very compact UWB-MIMO antenna with overall dimension of 20×20 mm2 has been proposed which is smaller than
most of other MIMO antennas desig...

Waheed-ur-Rehman*, Amjad Naseer*, Rashid Rehan*, Mohammad Ashraf* and Muhammad Ibrar*

PERFORMANCE OF BRICK MASONRY CAVITY WALLS WITH DIFFERENT WALL TIES
..., the second types had I-shaped ties while the last one had Z-shaped ties. A total of six specimens were fabricated and tested, two specimens for each of the three wall types. The specimens were then subjected to constant vertical and horizontal cyclic loads in a displacement controlled environment. Lateral strength, stiffness and ductility of the walls were determined and compared. Test results show that use ...

 Muhammad Shahzad1, Arif Iqbal Umar1, Syed Hamad Shirazi1, Muhammad Tariq Pervez2*, Zakir Khan1, Waqas Yousaf1

HCDP: HEPATITIS C DATA BANK OF PAKISTAN
...A strand and circular in shape. The hepatitis C virus is substantial threat to the public health and its frequency is increasing rapidly all over the world. Approximately 5 online databases are available related to Hepatitis C virus. All these databases mainly concerned their national level/specific demographic region strains for analysis. No HCV database available to find the HCV prevalence and distribution in Pakistan. We proposed a Hepatitis ...

Shakir Azim1*, Sahar Noor1, Rehman Akhtar1, Qazi Salman Khalid1, Tufail Habib1, Usman Ghani2

SETTING OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AND EFFECT OF MOULD QUALITY ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PHARMACEUTICAL CUP OF POLYPROPYLENE
... in weight and quick for shape framing, along these lines making them more in vogue than the metallic products. As a result of mounting plastics applications, growing customer increased, the quality prerequisites of injection molded items have turned out to be progressively extreme. The setting and optimization of key process parameters are acknowledged as important means to deal with liven up the quality of the molded items. Inappropriate ...

 Asad Naeem Shah1,2, GE Yun-shan1, HE Chao1,3

MACROSCOPIC SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL AND BIODIESEL-DIESEL BLEND: AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON
...enetration velocity. The shapes of spray images of two fuels were almost similar. However, B20 exhibited larger ‘L’ and ‘β’ due to higher initial velocity and mass of droplet, compared with diesel. This indicates that relative to diesel fuel, B20 has a stronger impact on the spray performance, and thus improves both ‘L’ and ‘β’. During the earlier phase of time after start of injecti...

Abdul Shakoor1, R.A. Sayed2, Khizar Azam2

KNOWLEDGE BASE TECHNOLOGIES AS A NEW PARADIGM IN DATA DRIVEN MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
...cess for making circular shapes and explores the manufacturability of the required designed product. The KBS is an expert system, used to select the suitable process and cutting tools by defining the constraint values into the system. The KBS is designed using E2KS, the state of the art software and knowledge capturing techniques. The machining examples are used to demonstrate the implementation of the system and how it will provide a basis...

Tao He1,2,3, Cheng-jing Chen4, Jian-guang Qin3, Yun Li1,2, Rong-hua Wu1,2 and Tian-xiang Gao4,*

...he variation of sagittal shapes to discriminate L. haematocheilus stocks. The sagitta variation of five L. haematocheilus stocks was examined using nine shape indices (Roundness, Circularity, Form-factor, Rectangularity, Ellipticity, Radius ratio, Feret ratio, Aspect ratio and Surface density). Multiple comparisons on shape indices showed that there was no significant ...

Andrei V. Tanasevitch1 and Yuri M. Marusik2,3,4,*

...d clearly differs by the shape of the embolus. The type locality of new species is northwesternmost for the genus in Asia.
...

Arifa Khan1*, Danish Anwar2, Shazia Erum3, Naveeda Riaz1, Shahid Riaz4, Tariq Rafique3 and Zafer Iqbal2

Screening of Exotic Potato Germplasm against Potato Virus PVX, PVY and PLRV through Biological and Serological Test (ELISA)
...genotypes produced round shape tuber with yellow, white skin color and cream flesh. Likewise, maximum genotypes had medium to shallow eye tubers except CIP-9 and CIP-13, which had deep eyed potato tubers. In short, genotypes CIP-3, CIP-9, CIP-11 and CIP-14 showed susceptibility to PVY virus. Among resistant genotypes, CIP-10 and CIP-22 possessed greater yield and could be suggested for commercial cultivation in Pakistan.

...

Ummad ud Din Umar1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ishfaq Ahmed1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar2, Sibghat Ullah3, Shah Pasand4, Zehri Khan3 and Abdur Rehman5

Prevalence and Serological Detection of Spiroplasma citri, a Cause of Citrus Stubborn Disease in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
...veyed areas. Small acorn shaped, lopsided fruit and leaves with shortened internodes were appeared to be characteristic disease symptoms in Citrus stands of Southern Punjab.

...

Moazam Ali1, Wajid Ali2, Ayhan Ceyhan2 and Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta3*

Pigmentation Genome Influence in Animals and Human Interventions in its Course of Action
...s. Melanin amount, size, shape, and distribution control the color pigmentation of fiber, coat, and hairs in animals. Melanin production in an intricate course is under the control of Melanocortin 1 Receptor, alpha Melanocyte stimulating hormone and Agouti signaling gene. In most animals, three different alleles encoding melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor MC1R of extension (E) locus and ED allele determining the blackish coat color, a recessive e allele r...

Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Subhan1, Muhammad Nisar2, Ali Hazrat2, Zahid Fazal1, Gul Rahim2, Imran Ahmad1, Riaz ul Haq1 and Shamia Bibi1

Genetic Diversity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarus L.) Collected from Different Ecological Zones of Malakand Division (A Part of the Sino Japanese Region of Pakistan)
...l of diversity like seed shape was determined by two alleles, seed color was defined by 13 numbers of alleles and four alleles were responsible for flower color. Similarly, the quantitative traits showed 73% diversity in the parameters studied. However, it was different in individual characters. In overall, 59% of the yield contributing traits showed significant level of correlation in the present germplasm. The dendrogram in one-way cluster analysis distribut...
Yawar Iqbal Erum*, Hussain Sagir, Kazi Nasira and Fayyaz Shahina
Compendium of the Genus Psilenchus de Man, 1921 (Tylenchida: Psilenchidae)
...o;, V%, stylet, MB, head shape, tail length, DGO, oesophagus, excretory pore, spicules and gubernaculum. The allometric and morphometric characteristics were derived from the original descriptions. An updated list of valid species of Psilenchus de Man, 1921 along with illustrations of the anterior and posterior regions taken either from the original descriptions or subsequent re-descriptions is also incorporated herein. A total of seven species have so far bee...

Taqi Raza1*, Sergio de Los Santos Villalobos2, Muhammad Shehzad3, Shakeel Imran4 and Derly José Henriques da Silva5

PGP Characterization of Rhizobacteria Associated with Apple Gourd (Praecitrullus fistulosus L.)
...ally different colonies, shapes, and colors. The isolated strain mostly belonging to Coccus, Bacillus, and Spirillum. Nearly, 63% belonging to Coccus, 23% to Bacillus, and 14% to Spirillum. Only 18% of strains gave the gram positive staining results and 14% strains showed the hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production abilities by slightly changing the color on media. While, in the case of enzyme production test, almost 90%, of isolated strains confirmed the amylase an...
Samreen Khan, Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasira Kazi, Salma Javed* and Shahina Fayyaz
Description of Aphelenchoides acacia n. sp. and Aphelenchoides naurangiensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) with Observation on Aphelenchoides saprophilus Franklin, 1957 from District Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... tail ventrally curved J-shaped; terminus with very tiny smooth mucro (1µm). Aphelenchoides naurangiensis n. sp. belongs to Group 1 of Aphelenchoides species and is characterized by small body length 406-492 µm; cephalic region clearly offset from rest of the body; cuticles finely annulated approximately 1µm apart. The lateral field with four incisures; stylet short 09-10 µm long having clear basal knobs at its base; tail subcylindrical...
Ayesha Talib1,2, Khanzadi Nazneen Manzoor1, Wajahat Ali1, Maria Saeed1, Muhammad Asif Gondal1, Malik Badshah3 and Abid Ali Khan1*
...ticles were spherical in shape and had a diameter of 30-40 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles showed promising antibacterial activity against MDR clinical isolates of bacteria.
...

Samia Ikram1*, Riaz ur Rehman1, Farwa Batool2 and Atyab Amjad3

Evaluation of Bird of Paradise for Commercial Flower Production by using Organic Manures
...r with a distinct flower shape of a bird and is an important commercial crop of tropical area. The present research work was designed to investigate the effect of different organic manures on the growth of Bird of paradise as commercial crop in agro metrological conditions of Islamabad during 2016-2018. Following four treatments were designed: T1 (control), T2 (Top dressing with FYM), T3 (Top dressing with leaf manure), T4 (Top dressing with sewage sludge). Ma...

Muhammad Shahid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1 and Kashif Razzaq3

Application of Nanotechnology for Insect Pests Management: A Review
...here is various size and shapes of nanoparticles to be synthesized by using the naturally occurring biomolecules. These biomolecules acting as a driving force for the designing of greener, safe and environmentally benign protocols for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Insect pests are main density dependent factors that deteriorate the quality and production of various crops i.e. vegetables, fruits, ornamental and field crops. In past decade, these insect pests ...
Muhammad Ilyas Khan*, Ihsan Mabood Qazi and Mohammad Ayub
 
 
...gular and small to large shape. Amylose content of rice varieties ranged from 9.11% (Watni) to 27.65% (Lavange) and selected as low and high amylose rice varieties. Expectedly, study confirmed that blending of Lavange rice flour had significantly (p < 0.05) improved amylose content of Watni rice flour from 9.11% to 22.74%, WSI, WAI of watni rice flour decreased significantly from 16.36 to 10.61%, 2.77 to 2.60g/g and whereas, SP ranged from 2.45 to 3.50g/g, ...
Naveed Ali1, Umar Hayat1*, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Imad Khan1 and Sanam Wagma Khattak2
 

...tudy finds an inverted-U shaped nexus between financial development and agriculture productivity. The results of this study have great policy implications for SAARC countries.
...

Hira Soofi, Abdul Rasool Abbasi and Arifa Bhutto

... characters such as body shape and size, shape of cephalic end and its structures, ventricular shape, spicule shape and size, numbers and arrangement of caudal papillae, posterior end with 3 rectal gland and large spine at tip, genital structure of female. The name of new species Contracaecum malhi refers to the name of host wallago attu from which the s...
Imran Tarique1*, Muhammad Ghiasuddin Shah1, Illahi Bux Kalhoro1
Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani2, Mansoor Tariq 2, Jamil Ahmed Gandahi1
Saqib Ali Fazlani3 and Benazir Sahito3
...was mainly baggy-tubular shaped based on L/D ratio 7.64 to 8.3 range in all body skin regions, contain higher volume (3.2±0.1 μ 3 ×10−6 and 3.9±0.1 μ 3 ×10−6) in dewlap and thigh body region of adult age group. Whereas numbers of sweat gland / cm2 were observed more in abdomen body region of young than adult age groups and in thigh followed dewlap region of adult group than young age group.
...

Weenghar Ali Chandio1, Tajnees Pirzada1*, Abdul Majid2 and Farzana Rashid3 

... aggregates with various shapes and diameter ranging from 5 to 10μm. HA with the concentration of 5ppm showed improved seed germination compared to other concentrations used in this study. This study suggests that HA with the concentration of 5ppm should be used in agricultural soil for best wheat seed germination. Further research may be conducted for more insight information about mechanism and effects of HA on other plants.

...

 Ramadan, F. Abbas1;H.M.Salem1; M.H. Belal2, and A. M. M. Abd-Alla3*

...aled the presence of rod-shape virus particles
with 500-700 nm in length and 50-70 nm in diameter. PCR analysis of
SGH homogenate with virus specific primer pair resulted in DNA
fragment with expected size as previously mention in literature. These
data demonstrate the presence of the salivary gland hypertrophy virus in
house fly population in Egypt which provides the opportunity to evaluate

Om-Hashem M. El-Banna1, Maisa A.E. Awad2, M.S. Abbas3, Hoda M. A. Waziri2 and Huda S. A. Darwish2

...d and the nucleus was misshapen. On the other hand the cytoplasm contained large crystalline inclusion bodies. These anatomical and ultrastructure changes were not observed in the tissues of healthy plants, indicating the effect of the virus of these tissues.
...

A. B. Badr1 ; M. A. S. El-kady2; and Kh. E. A. Saker2

...their
normal shape and arrangement as xylem arms. The most interesting finding, lengths
of both , protoxylem and metaxylem were reduced while their widths were increased.
Ultrathin sections of symptomatic leaf tissue showed several cytological changes
characteristic of Potyviruses. The thlakoidal structure of the chloroplastes becomes
disorganized, abnormally distributed and dilated . The number of pl...

Eman A. H. Kattab1,3, A. H. Ebrahem2 , Om-Hashem M. El-Banna2 and Hanan F. EL-Kammar³

...ation revealed isometric shaped particles of with mean diameter of 26 nm typical of Bromoviruses. Polyclonal antibodies raised against BBMV have maximum titer of 1:1024 from the first bleeding. IgG and IgG conjugate were 1.0 μg/ ml and 1:1000, respectively. The produced antiserum was evaluated by DBIA and TBIA using infected plant.

...
Abeera Razzaq1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3 and Qingyou Liu3
... micronuclei (MN) and de-shape nuclei (DN). Results showed that test dose 26.61 mgL-1 induced significantly higher mean MN followed by 13.30 mgL-1, 19.98 mgL-1, 7.98 mgL-1, PCand NC. However the result of DN showed minor difference. The frequency of DN in RBCs was maximum in fish exposed to 26.61 mgL-1 dose followed by the order: 13.30 mgL-1> 19.98 mgL-1> PC > 7.98 mgL-1...
Allam A. Megahed, Badawi A. Othman, Samar S. El Masry, Abeer A. Faiesal and Mohamed A. Nasr Eldin
...re slightly flexuous rod shape with about 680 x 13 nm
in size. Ultrastructure analysis showed different degrees of chloroplast degradation in PVM-infected
potato leaf tissues.
Conclusion: Occurrence of PVM was detected and confirmed in commercial potato seed tubers in
Egypt using the RT-PCR technique.
...

Ahmed K. El-Attar1, Samah A. Mokbel1 and Om-Hashem M. EL-Banna2

...normality of chloroplast shape, disorganization of the palisade
mesophyll cells and necrosis in the zone of vascular cells. On the basis of mechanical
transmission, symptoms induced were similar to those caused by AMV. Presence of AMV in
basil plant was further confirmed by the results obtained from the laboratory-based techniques
such as (DAS)-ELISA, and RT-PCR using a pair of primers specific to the AMV-CP gene...

Samah A. Mokbel, Eman A. Ahmed, Hanan F. El-Kammar, Ahmed A. Kheder

... distinctive crystalline shape. The shape of the cell walls and the
structures of mitochondria changed under the effect of CMV in most cells.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the virus possesses dangerous effects that reduce the
functions of the chloroplasts in sugar beet plants that may perturb the photosynthesis in chloroplasts
and the synthesis of ATP in mitochondria...

Gulnaz Ismaylova

...and sometimes pentagonal shapes with pyramidal projections at the apex of the corners). The distribution map (scale of 1: 500000) of O. japonica in the study areas was prepared in a digital database using geographic spatial analysis using the ArcGIS (Geographic Information System) program. 

...

Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz2*, Zunera Abbas1, Uzma Nazir1, Mehrunisa Basharat1, Tanveer Ahmed3, Adnan Ahmad Qazi2

...e micronuclei (MN) and deshape nuclei (DN) in peripheral erythrocytes of fish after one-week interval. Fish W. attu showed significant induction of MN and DN in blood due to metals (Pb, Cr and Cd) exposure. It was noted that Pb and Cd exposure caused significant formation of MN and DN in RBCs of fish throughout the experimental period. However, Cr treated fish showed higher formation of MN and DN during initial two weeks of exposure after that both were decrea...
Kang Chen1,2, Dekui He1, Chengzhi Ding3,4, Yintao Jia1 and Yifeng Chen1*
..., feasibility of otolith shape as an investigative tool in freshwater fish assemblages needs to be validated. The aim of this study was to test stocks of Gymnocypris selincuoensis that may be distinguished using otolith shape from three rivers and eight lakes in northern Tibet. Shape indices (SDs) (form-factor, circularity, rectangularity, ellipticity, roundness, surface density and...
Essam H. Ibrahim1,2,3, Attalla F. El-kott1,4, Ali Alshehri1, Mona Kilany2,5,  Reza Yavari6, Salahud Din7* and Diaa Massoud8,9
... among them. The discoid-shaped fungiform papillae were more densely on the lingual apex. The filiform papillae were extended to the lateral margin of the lingual body. They were transformed into the conical papillae on the caudal part of the lingual body and root. Totally, 14-16 of spheroid and oval vallate papillae at different sizes were present on the root of the tongue. The foliate papillae were absent. Histological sections showed that the conical papill...
Muhammad Mohsin Javed1*, Muhammad Azhar Nisar2 and 

Muhammad Usman Ahmad2 

...on in locally designed U-shaped microbial fuel cell. These fuel cells were subjected to different concentrations of NaCl and pH for evaluation of power generation. The MFC with 50 mM NaCl concentration showed maximum response and gave 88.9 W/m2 power densities and 569 mV of open circuit voltage. The results showed that NaCl, at its optimum level, plays an important role in increasing the bioelectricity and sustaining the internal resistivity. Six di...

Iffat Nawaz1*, Tahseen Zeb1, Bibi Saima Zeb2 and Javaria Sherani3

...d beak orientation, seed shape, seed coat pattern and seed color) was studied by using standard Chi square test for homogeneity of populations. Results showed that agro climatic conditions have no influence on the qualitative traits. Secondly, each landrace has its own specific and distinguishing trait like flower color, growth habit. Moreover, the traits were found highly heritable and genetically controlled as no environmental influence was observed based on...

Nedžad Hadžiomerović1*, Ozan Gündemir2, Senad Kovačević1 

... to investigate size and shape differences of the mandible of the red fox and golden jackal. The research included 17 adult red fox and golden jackal mandibles from B&H. The morphometric analysis was performed on the 11 measurements and geometric analysis evaluates shape variation between two species with ten landmarks. The study revealed that the mandible of the jackal was longer and of massive bone compared to fox mand...

Yao Zou, Shien Ren, Miao Xu, Nannan Liang, Xuxin Zhang, Chongxuan Han and Xiaoning Nan

...e distinguished by skull shape. However, due to few available studies on skull morphology of zokors, the interspecific differentiation of their skulls is still unclear. To differentiate among species and to describe the sexual dimorphism within each species, we measured morphological variation using one-way analysis of variance and cluster analysis in four species of zokor including Eospalax cansus, Eospalax rothschildi, Eospalax baileyi, and Myospalax aspalax...
Mohamed Ali Zayed
...ing normal muscle fibers shape, but muscle of lambs that drinking saline water showing relative hypertrophy of muscle fibers. A micrograph of a section TB muscle of lambs drinking fresh water showing normal muscle fibers structure while, the lambs that drinking saline water showing an elongation of muscle fibers and narrow of the thickness as compared with the normal one that may be significant related to meat tenderness. Therefore, the results indicate...

Mohamed Attia Ahmed Awad1*, Obaida Abdel Kareem Almasri2, Mohamed Abd El-Aziz Mohamed Ibrahim1, Rabie Ragab Sadek1, Samy Abou-Bakr1

...parameters, describe the shape of the lactation curve of Shami cows using Wood’s incomplete gamma function, and demonstrate the effect of environmental factors on the pattern of the lactation curve. A total number of 1533 weekly test-day records were collected on 584 Shami cows during the period from 1983 to 2012, at Deir Al-Hajar station belonging to the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Syria. Data were analyzed using the General Linear Mod...

Hilaire S.S. Worogo*, Thierry O.T.L. Offoumon, Cham D.A. Alabi, Urbain Tchokponhoué, Yaya Idrissou, Alassan S. Assani, Fade Soule, Christophe Iwaka, Ibrahim Alkoiret Traoré 

...words | traits, indices, shape, Borgou cattle, Okpara 

...

Taghreed Mohamed Nabil1, Randa Mohamed Hassan1, HebatAllah Hamdy Mahmoud2, Mohamed Gomaa Tawfiek2, Usama Kamal Moawad1* 

...d concerning the length, shape, number, height of the mucosal folds, and glandular contents as well as the thickness of the muscular coat, which allow the turkey hens to be adaptive for egg formation and transportation along their reproductive tract during the egg-laying period.

Keywords | Histochemistry, Laying Turkey hens, Oviduct, SEM, Sperm host glands 

...

Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasir Mehmood* and Shahina Fayyaz

...um slightly curved, boat shaped with flat distal end eight pairs of bursal papillae were present. Tail (46-68) µm long conical with fine tip, leptoderan bursa.  Female 1223-1742 µm long, anterior to middle vulva 48.7 (37-55) % tail filiform 156-206 µm long, 7-18.7 times as anal body width long. Detailed taxonomical studies of new species are given with measurements, descriptions, illustrations and photomicrophotographs along with brief d...
Gamalat Y. Osman1, Elham M. Hassan1*, Tarek A. Salem2, Azza H. Mohamed1
...d abnormal spine tubular shape. Treatments of infected mice with FEW or PZQ significantly reduced hepatic and intestinal total egg count, while showed a significant increase in dead egg percentages and reduced mature egg count in oogram pattern as compared to infected control mice. Hepatic granuloma diameters in FWE treated infected mice were significantly reduced when compared to the infected control group. FEW also reduced the lymphocytic infiltration around...

Juweria Abid1, Hooria Latif2, Amir Sohail2, Saroosh Fatima Tahir Syed2, Shakeel Ahmad3, Tooba Asif4 and Muhammad Farooq5*

...ty about body weight and shape was also found to be higher (56.9%). Overall, the ratio of smoking in students was less but it predominated in male students. And majority of students (40.7%) were having a sedentary lifestyle while 40.4% with moderate physical activity. SCOFF questionnaire results showed 90% of positive results while the 10% of the population need further examination. The collected data results were mostly positive for example normal BMI ranges ...

Sri Melia1*, Indri Juliyarsi1, Yulianti Fitri Kurnia1, Evy Rossi2, Hurriya Alzahra3

...cteria obtained were rod-shaped that were catalase negative and homofermentative. Lactic acid bacteria were found to have antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli, Pseudomonas, Listeria inokua and Klebsiella pneumonia. Base on the phylogenetic analysis, the bacteria isolated were closely related to Limosilactobacillus fermentum, a probiotic bacteria candidate.
 
Keywords | Lactic acid bacteria, Limosilacto...

Khurram Sheraz* and Taj Ali Khan

...mation manifested in the shape of time periodicities of intra-annual to inter-annual events.

...

Auzair Javaid Butt, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai and Jahangir Khan

...e consumers in preferred shape and location in the required duration. This research is carried out to analyze the existing marketing channels, marketing costs and margins of different market functionaries of potato crop in the selected villages of district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan in 2019. For this purpose, a total of seventy producers, twenty wholesalers and twenty retailers are randomly selected and interviewed for data collection. From the curr...

Dong-Min Hou and Ding-Qi Rao*

...als, and it of different shapes and sizes can directly or indirectly affect organisms and pose health risks to animals and humans. Therefore, the size and types of microplastics and their effects on different organs of different types of animals were reviewed in this paper. However, we found that the health risks posed by microplastics to amphibians and reptiles remain unknown. Then, we reviewed the effects of microplastics on amphibians and reptiles, and most...

Khalid Hussain1, Muneer Abbas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Zubeda Parveen1, Sohail Abbas2, Ali Raza3 and Abdul Ghaffar1

...n depends upon the size, shape, and height of trap, as well as the abiotic factors affecting them. To achieve ideal trap efficacy their height should be adjusted according to the crop growth stage. It is very important to keep traps just above the crop canopy. Traps at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 meter heights were more effective at seedling, tillering and dough stages, respectively. The population in the traps was correlated with the average temperature (⁰С) and humi...

Khalid Hussain1, Muneer Abbas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Zubeda Parveen1, Sohail Abbas2, Ali Raza3 and Abdul Ghaffar1

...n depends upon the size, shape, and height of trap, as well as the abiotic factors affecting them. To achieve ideal trap efficacy their height should be adjusted according to the crop growth stage. It is very important to keep traps just above the crop canopy. Traps at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 meter heights were more effective at seedling, tillering and dough stages, respectively. The population in the traps was correlated with the average temperature (⁰С) and humi...

Lopamudra Samantaray*, Yashaswi Nayak 

...er and turmeric. The egg shape index was considerably enhanced (p<0.05) while the egg cholesterol level was reduced (p<0.05) with 1% black pepper supplementation. However, the mixed dietary EOs treatment did not affect (p>0.05) albumin index and shell thickness. The results of this study showed that a 0.5% combination diet of black pepper, turmeric, and fennel increased the performance of laying birds, overall egg quality, and reduced egg cholesterol ...

Jinzhao He1, Pengfei Feng2, Junqi Qin2, Yun Teng1, Xu Luo2*, Zigui Chen1*, Huawei Ma2* and Dayan Zhou1

...a and improving the body shape.

...

Siti Dharmawati1, Muhammad Halim Natsir2, Hartutik Hartutik2, Danung Nur Adli2, Osfar Sjofjan2*  

... g were placed in colony-shaped pen, and each pen contained seven ducks. The trial design used was completely randomized design with five treatments and six replications for each one, consisting of seven ducks. The treatment diet was formulated as follows: T0 basal diet + 100% fish meal (10% in diet) (10:0), T1 : basal diet + 75% fish meal (7.5% in diet)+ 25% FSFIBE(2.5% in diet) (7.5:2.5), T2 : basal diet + 50% fish meal (5% in diet)+ 50% FSFIBE(5% in diet) ...

K. A. Tabassum, F. Shahina†, K. Nasira and Y. I. Erum

...an bursa, crochet needle-shaped spicules, normal rectum, lateral
field with six separate lines and had unique ribosomal DNA-ITS, sequence. A compendium of the genus Oscheius
(of both insectivora and dolichura groups) based on the following characters: body length, tail, spicules and
gubernaculum length, ratios a, b, c, c' and vulva percentage is given. The morphometric and allometric characters
with anterior and ...

Shaista Naz1*, Muhammad Arif2 and Akhtar Ali3

...the quick outcome in the shape of milk and milk products for home consumption and sale to earn cash. Furthermore, women were found to have higher participation in the indoor livestock management activities like animal feeding, serving water, cleaning of sheds, milking of animals, and preparation of milk products, while have low levels of participation in the outdoor activities such as fodder cutting, marketing of animals and its produce like milk and milk prod...

I. Uzma, K. Nasira, K. Firoza and F. Shahina†

...et knobs, stylet length, shape of stylet
knobs, shape of head, number of head annules, shape of tail, number of tail annules, position of phasmid in relation
to anus, presence of male and female posterior genital branch is presented. These allometric and morphometric
characters were derived from the original descriptions. An up to date list of 230 valid ...

Z.A. Handoo1,†, I.K.A. Ibrahim2, D.J. Chitwood1 and A.A. Mokbel2,3

...pore from oral aperture, shape of head and tail including various tail measurements
and vulva percentage in relation to body length. This is the first report of this nematode from Egypt, Africa. The
values of the morphological parameters completely fall within the previously reported ranges for X. rivesi.
...

M.A. Haq†, K. Mahmood*, M. Shahid*, S.A. Khan and A. Tahir**

...e galls and whitish pear-shaped mature females
were isolated from these root-galls. On these hosts, the most common and abundant species of rootknot
nematode M. incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 was identified on the basis of
perineal patterns (Eisenback et al., 1981). These new host records of M. incognita have not been
hitherto reported in Pakistan (Zarina & Maqbool, 1991; Maqbool & Sh...

Dina N. Ali1*, Sayed H. Elhabtey2*, Manal M. Amin1  

... of 0.319. The spherical shape of the generated nano-emulsion was revealed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and the flow of active functional groups was clarified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial activity of MO and Nano-MO was assessed against reference bacterial strains by using agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MO and Nano-MO was 3% and 2%, on Listerea monocytogenes, Staphylococ...

Laveena Shekhawat, Sheethal S* 

...Identification of sickle shaped hooklets on wet mount and ZN staining confirmed the diagnosis. The patient received post-operative oral albendazole which he failed to start immediately leading to recurrence of the parasitic hepatic cyst. Conclusion: Treatment is a combination of surgery and post-op anti-parasitic drugs. Delay in initiating albendazole therapy can lead to recurrence of the cysts in the same sites.

Keywords | Cystic ecchinococcosis, Ecch...

Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Rida Ahmad1, Haqnawaz Yousaf3 and Imad Ul Din Zangi4

...fy white or creamy, oval shaped, elongated and pointed towards one end. Camera trap recorded the hatching activities on 15th July 2020. It was observed that incubation period varied from 22-25 days. Hatching rate was 100% and 85.71% while survival rates 57.41% and 49.98 % were recorded for two nests, respectively.
...

Nurul Isnaini*, Karl Wenas, Muhammad Firdaus Solihin, Hanief Eko Sulistyo, Dedes Amertaningtyas, Faizal Andri 

...ct of egg weight and egg shape index on hatching performance and eggshell quality of white-nest swiftlets. A total of 200 white-nest swiftlet eggs were included in this study. The egg weight was classified into three groups, namely Group EW1: 1.61 - 1.80 g, Group EW2: 1.81 - 2.00 g, and Group EW3: 2.01 - 2.20 g. The egg shape index was classified into three groups, namely Group ESI1: 60.01 - 65.00%, Group ESI2: 65.01 - 70.00...

Aiman Amur*, Nasreen Memon, Reshma Sahito and Seema Memon

...ulating in good physical shape and pest-ridden mango fruit; casually collected from major mango growing areas of sindh. Rearing the fruit flies under controlled conditions in Laboratory. Collected the reared fruit flies from different cultivars and calculate the infestation. The highest infestation was found on Beganpali and Sindhri variety 85%, followed by Chunsa 80% during June, July and August, respectively, during peak of functional time of ripening of var...

Raad Hamad Mahmood Al-Badrany1* and Aamer Mohsen Mahmood Al-Ma’thidy2

...ter of the leaf petiole, shape of the apex, base and margin of the leaf blade, number of lobes and colour of leaf bade), and fruit characteristics (length, diameter, size, ostiole diameter, peduncle length, fruit shape, and color). It was found that most of the leaf and fruit characteristics have taxonomic importance in distinguishing and diagnosing the cultivars of the studied cultivars. Regarding the spectral study, the sp...

M. A. Haq, M. Shahid and K. Mahmood

...cope mature whitish pear shaped females were isolated from the roots of C. arvensis. By using perineal pattern technique (Eisenback 

Rahmat Ullah Khan1*, Karim Gabol1, Asif Sadam2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Hamidullah4 and Abdul Rahim1

... m above the ground. The shape of the nest was round to oblong, in the center or on the branch fork of plants. The nests were mainly constructed using local dry grasses (48%) followed by crop leaves (35%), plastic string (10%), and unidentified materials (7%). The average outer diameter of the nest 12.00±1.1 cm, inner diameter 9.13±2.3 cm and inner cup depth was 4.99±2.1 cm. This bird has one brood per season. Overall breeding cycle lasted...
 
 MUHAMMAD MUNEEB SOHAIL1, FATIMA AMEER2, GUR CHARN SINGH2, MUHAMMAD ZAID1* 
Riaz Muhammad1*, Aamer Sharif2 and Muftooh ur Rehman Siddiqi³
...vortex height and vortex shape on rotational speed is also investigated. A two input factors, i.e. water head and flow rate, and each having five-level has been selected in a present study. The results showed that at median head 0.70 m and flow rate 0.004 m³/s, the maximum rotational speed 172 rpm and vortex height 0.59 m, respectively, with strong and fully developed air core is achieved which results in high output power and efficiency. However, the wat...

M.A.S. El-Kady1, Om-Hashem M. El-Banna 2, E.A Salama2, Salwa N. Zein1

...s preparation showed rod-shaped particles with dimension of 150x25 nm. The polyclonal antibodies raised against the local isolate of BSMV had a specific titer of 1:2000. Positive reactions were obtained when purified IgG and IgG conjugate with alkaline phosphatase was 1:1000. The prepared antiserum was used detection of BSMV by serological methods i.e., Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Dot-blot and tissues-blot immunobinding assays (DBIA and TBIA). T...

A. S. Gamal El din1; Sohair I. El-Afifi2; A. S. Sadik2; Nashwa M. A. Abd El Mohsen1; and H. M. Abdelmaksoud1

...icroscopy showed spindle-shaped like inclusions as aggregated virus particles slightly flexuous in longitudinal and cross sections of PAMV infected cells: the Vitus induced different abnormalities in the structure of chloroplasts and mitochondria. The CP genes of PAMV were detected using RT-PCR with specific primers. 

...

S.A. El-Kewey1; R.A. Omar1; S.A. Sidaros2 and Samaa Abd El-Khalik3

... PTA showed flexuous rod-shaped particles 657-714 nm long. Biological relationships between the virus and insect vectors were studied.

...

Kétomon Pierre Challaton1*, Coovi Guénolé Akouedegni1, Kadoéito Cyrille Boko2, Goué Géorcelin Alowanou1,3, Pascal Venant Houndonougbo4, Aboudou Habirou Kifouly1, Mawulé Sylvie Hounzangbé-Adoté1  

...ntestinal parasites were shaped by age, sex, breed, and study areas. This knowledge of gastrointestinal parasites will help guide for the surveillance of goat parasitosis in Benin.
 

...

Edwin Ormachea V1,2*, Bilo Calsin C1,2, Eyner Aguilar S3, Buenaventura Ormachea V4, Henry Gonzales C1, Yecenia M. Masias G5

...ed to body size and body shape. The conclusion is that morphological characteristics can be useful for the selection of elite animals and the formulation of genetic improvement programs.
 
Keywords | Zoometry, sheep, clustering analysis, morphology; correlation
...

Nawfal Hammadi Jasim1, Yasmeen Jassim Mohammed2 , Jala Amir Salman Alahmed1, Majdy Faisal Majeed3* 

...st the typical polymeric shape, hepatocytes alteration, hepatocytes vacuoles, necrotic foci, inflammation cells aggregation, sever dilated and congestion of sinusoids and nucleus pyknotic. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that the MPH overdose induced free radical-mediated oxidative stress, through an increase of antioxidant enzymes and histological alterations in the liver.  

...

Luh Gde Sri Surya Heryani1*, Ni Luh Eka Setiasih1, Ni Nyoman Werdi Susari1, I Made Merdana1, I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Tri Laksana2, I Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan2 

...ength, while that of the shape include chest and hip-width
 

...

Nadia Jabeen1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1*, Rehana Naz Syed1, Muhammad Ali Khanzada2 and Alia Gul3

...d is a semicircle convex-shaped basidiocarp. The species were studied for morphological characteristics. For molecular characterization, DNA extraction was performed from the samples using a kit , and PCR amplification  was done using ITS4 and ITS1F  primers designed from the conserved regions as described in the previous studies. The amplified PCR products were sequenced from Macrogen Korea, via worldwide scientific Pakistan. Phylogenetic analysis o...

Lili Zhao1, Fan Zhao1 and Yaping Jin2*

...nction of GTCs. The cell shape showed a subrounded configuration, and the cell size also significantly increased. Furthermore, Grp78 knockout significantly decreased proliferation and adhesion activity, while increasing invasion activity. The secretion of estradiol and progesterone was also dramatically decreased after Grp78 knockout. Our results strongly suggest that GRP78 plays an important role in maintaining the normal functionalities of GTCs.

...

Al Salihi karima Akool1* , Almas. M. Al-Bayati2, Iman Mousa Khaleel3  

... conical and cylindrical shapes of teat were observed, which constituted 75%& 25% and 37.5% & 62.5% for SCPMG & SCN-PMG), respectively. Microscopical examination of teats revealed two streak canals lined by a stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. Furstenberg’s Rosettes were vertically located as ridges at teat internal streak canal end mucosa. The number of Furstenberg’s Rosettes ranged from 11 to 15 and 9 to 11 in SCPMG and SCN-P...

Nur-E-Farjana Ilah1, Md. Joynal Abedin2, Esmout Jahan Alice1, Taiba Akter Laboni1, Mst. Shahinur Khatun1, Most. Shakila Sarmin1, Md. Ashekur Rahman1, Obaidur Rahman1, Md. Akhtarul Islam1, Muhammad Ali Fardoush Siddquy3 and Md. Yeamin Hossain1*

...ies is in short and deep shape. This study found that the habitat was in a state of equilibrium and the mean WR indicated that there was no significant deviation from the expected value of 100 for A. atropos. Consequently, information gathered from the present study would be impactful for managing this fishery in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, along with the surroundings.

...

Bakhtawar Soomro* and Shakeel Ahmed Memon

...s viz: body measurement; shape; size and shape of trident; shape of spicules and presence of 13-14 pairs of caudal papillae. On the basis of such morpho-metrical changes this species; Diplotriaena murtazi treated as a new species. This species is dedicated to author’s father Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Soomro.

...

Abd-Alfattah Abd-Alhamid Alderey1, Nabila Elsaid Mahmod El-Kassas1, Eman Said El-Hadad1*, Manal Hamdy Gomaa1, Eman Ashour Hussein2  

... and SOP20%+E or DY. Egg shape index and plasma cholesterol and triglyceride were improved (P<0.05 or P<0.001) by all SOP20% diets. Shell percentage was increased (P<0.01) by SOP20%+E+DY. Haugh unit was increased (P<0.01) by SOP15%+E or E+DY, SOP20%+E+DY. Egg surface area was improved (P<0.05) by SOP15%+E or DY, SOP20%+DY. SOP20%+DY diet showed the highest economic efficiency relative to the control followed by SOP15% or SOP20%+E diets. Overall,...

Danish Kamal2, Muhammad Abbass Khan1, Ghulam Mujtaba-Shah1, Naveed Ahmed1, Maryam Iqbal¹, Basharat Hussain Shah1 and Imtiaz Ahmed1*

...af apex, leaf base, leaf shape, distance between nodes, pedicel length, flower colour, and flower diameter. Tea samples were analyzed for anatomical parameters such as epidermis cells, mesophyll cells and epidermal anatomy of leaves. The stem length, stem girth, number of leaves plant-1, leaf width, leaf length, distance between node, pedicel length and flower in tea samples ranged between 9.66-71.80cm, 1.40-2.54cm, 7.66-15.66cm, 4.83-1.66cm, 11.50 3.86cm 4.76...

Sidra Hafeez1, Tayyaba Sanaullah2, Hafsa Naeem3, Mah Noor Hassan4, Muttalib5, Farhana Kausar6, Muhammad Salman Hameed7*, Muhammad Anayat Ullah8, Abdul Samad9, Memoona Bashir10 and Sadaf Shabbir11

...rn, growth color, spores shape, spores color, hyphal septation. For the confirmation of Koch’s postulates, the pathogenicity test was performed. CTAB method and Internal Transcribed Spacer region were applied to isolate and amplify the fungal genomic DNA respectively, by using universal primers ITS1/ITS4. The analysis of polygenetic of an amplified product revealed that black rot caused by D. bryoniae in pumpkin.

...

Ismail Demircioglu1, Yasin Demiraslan2, Barıs Can Güzel3*, Ali Koçyigit4 and Aysegül Demircioglu5

...ep have an effect on the shape by using geometric morphometry method through their crania. For this purpose, heads of 7 adult Hamdani sheep and 10 adult Awassi sheep were used for the dorsal analysis of cranium and heads of 8 adult Hamdani and 9 adult Awassi sheep were used for lateral analysis of cranium. In the dorsal and lateral comparison of the breeds, the first principal component (PC1) explained 41.905% and 39.078% of the total ...

Ghusoon Hasan Jadaan1*, Khalisa K. Khudair2 

...that SiO2NPs had an oval shape and a particle’ average size of 64.45±1.18 nm whereas CPNPs had a particle’ average size of 72.80.85 nm. The CCH and cis CH, benzoate trans -CH, the C-O, CH2 and CH3,(C=C),(C=O), CH2 and CH3 which operate as reducing and stabilizing agents were revealed by FTIR analysis of CPNPs. The SiO2NPs’ FTIR spectrum shows two vibrations that can be attributed to SiO2’s Si—O—Si and Si—O vibr...
El-Dougdoug. K.A.1, Mervat, M. Fath Alah2, Reham A. Hassen3,Rehab A . Dawoud2
.../01/clip_image004.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1673" alt="" />increasing in growth parameters).
...
Mohga A. El-Tahlawey1, Samah. A. Mokbel1, A.M. Mandour1,and H. A. Mohamed2
.../01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2998" alt="" />Peanut mottle virus was detected in the testas. cotyledons and embryo dissected from seeds of each Lentil cultivates. Electron microscopy of PMoV showed virus particles aggregates and degenerated mitochondria in cytoplasm of lentil leaf cells infected with PMoV. Effect of environmental factors and populations of insects on virus infection revealed...
Mohamedl , Shimaa D.; Ghareeb2, A.; El-Dougdoug , K. A. and Bekheitl , H.K.
...ze and also the circular shaped spiracles converted to oval shape with rupture and disrupted inside tissue compared to healthy one.

...

El Sayed l , Yasmein A.; Ghareeb2 , A.; El-Dougdoug3, K. A. and Bekheetl , H. K.

...and stumpy also the oval shape spiracle converted to circular shape with rupture and disrupted inside tissue  compared to healthy one. Healthy and infected S.exigua midgut epithelial cells histological structure was checked by using light microscope. It was found that the midgut epithelial cells were the first targets of the virus infection. Columnar cells, goblet cells and regenerated cells loose their identity and bec...

Ahmed, AmalA.; Zein, Salwa N. and Khatab, Eman A. H.

...had filamentous flexuous shape. Only one band of purified virus preparation was observed 1.5 cm bellow the meniscus of the density — gradient column. Infectivity test of the viral zone was found positive. The absorption spectrum of the purified virus isolate had a maximum at 260 nm and a minimum at 243 nm. The max/min and A260/280 ratios of the virus isolate were 1.12 and 0.96, respectively. The yield of purified -virus was 6.7 mg/100g of tobacco leaves....

Zein Salwa N; Abd El-khalik, Samaa; Khatab  , Eman A.A.H and Azzam4,Clara R.

...owed the presence of rod shape particles with a size 300 nm. Titer of the prepared antisera as determined using ELISA was 1/2000. Electron microscopic examination of infected leaves of N. clevelandii founed various cytological abnormalities. Due to the non-availability of sources of resistance in Egypt to TMV-S in sunflower, a mutation breeding program was initiated. Seeds of two genotypes were subjected to four doses of gamma rays; O, 100, 200 and 300 Gy from...

Eman, M. Abd El-Mottaleb.*; Ahmed, S.A."; Maysa, H.M.*; Salem, S.A.* and M. M. El-Shenawy

...c small number of bullet shape particles.
Virological and pathological results were discussed.
...

Sahar, A. Youssef t ; M.M.A. Al-Dhaher 2 and A.A. Shalaby 

...s along major veins. Fan-shaped leaves may or may not be present with mosaic or vein banding symptoms which identified as Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV). Detection of the viruses was carried out by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and reverse ü-anscription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The use of tissue culture was investigated as a mean to eliminate the two viruses. Virus free plants were produced within six mo...

*Amal Abou El-Ela A., M. A. Amer and Eman A. H. Khatab,

...ns have a characteristic shape, spindle, circular or sledge-like. Pinwheel inclusions characteristic of Potyvirus which include CarVMV were also observed. The nuclei were variable in size and shape, sometimes complete destruction of the nucleolus could be observed. The virus infection can cause many cytological changes in the chloroplasts and mitochondria. A combined assay of reverse transcription and polymerase chain r...

Mayada A. Abd Elgalell; B.A Othman2; Th. Radwan, 1 and Amal S.M. Abo-Sinna3

...two viruses have tadpole shape, which phage PPI has an isometric head (135 nm) and long non-contractile tail (225 nm) whereas phage PP2 has an isometric head (121 nm) and long contractile tail (202 nm), the tail possing an outer sheath (135 nm) and neck (27 nm). Protein patterns of the isolated Ps. putida phages were analysed by SDS-PAGE and the data revealed that phage PPI had 16 structural proteins, 6 are known and the other are extrapolated, but phage PP2 h...

Amal Abo El-Ela Ahmed; Eman A.H. Khatab; and M.S. Shafie

...aled the presence of rod-shaped panicles of 310-320 nm for length and 15 nm for width. The polyclonal antibody raised against the virus under study had a virus specific titer or 1:2000 

...

Taleeha Roheen1, Shagufta Kamal1*, Shazia Anwer Bukhari1, Ghulam Mustafa1 and Saima Rehman2

...MT-1 was found to be rod-shaped with μmax 0.065±0.25 h-1 and 13.59±0.25 UmL-1 sMMO. The optimum pH and temperature for the growth of MT-1 and production of sMMO were 6.3 and 37 °C, respectively. The concentration of MG-1 and MT-1 was significantly higher in the soil of Faisalabad region (FSD) as compared to MG-2 and MT-2 in soil of Sargodha region (SGD). Overall FSD soil was observed to be more suitable for methanogenic and methanotrophic ...

Alif Rahman Rohim Puarada*, Safika, Agustin Indrawati

... microbiome, intricately shaped by a unique ecological milieu, presents a compelling avenue for exploring AMR genes’ reservoir and dissemination mechanisms. Fecal samples were collected from Papua, Indonesia. The DNA was extracted using the DNeasy Power Soil Pro Kit. A shotgun metagenomic sequencing process from the MGI DNBSEQ-G400 platform was carried out to obtain DNA sequence data from the genes in the sample. The resulting DNA sequence data were then...

Shahid Iqbal1, Arshad Khan, Ali Hazrat1*, Gul Rahim, Mohammad Ihsan1, Umar Zad Gul1, Maryam Bibi1, Khadija Bibi1 and Muhammad Mukhtiar2

...eed coat color, and seed shape. For quantitative trait, the maximum coefficient of variance (0.95%) was found in petiole length, biomass per plant (0.49%), and pod per plant (0.41%), whereas the minimum coefficient of variance showed by leaf width (0.25%), followed by leaf length (0.27%) and internode length (0.29%). Coefficient correlation analysis was computed for all the quantitative traits, where a positive correlation was recorded for plant height (0.37),...

Sepri Reski*, Maria Endo Mahata, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli

...g weight, length, width, shape index, eggshell strength, thickness, and eggshell weight. The results indicated that the different levels of fermented T. murayana seaweed meal in the laying hen diet did not significantly affect (p>0.05) egg weight, egg length, egg width, egg shape index, eggshell strength, eggshell weight, and eggshell thickness. The fermented T. murayana seaweed meal can be utilized up to 20% in the diet ...

MUHAMMAD JAVAID AFZAL*1, FARAH JAVAID2, SHAHZADI TAYYABA3, ANEEQA SABAH4 & MUHAMMAD WASEEM ASHRAF5

...ow in five curved spiral shaped tortuous vein. The dimensions of spiral microchannel used in simulation are 30 mm long and 2 mm in radius. ANSYS simulation has given 0.26 μL/s flow rate with velocity 0.02055 m/s while FUZZY simulation has given 0.29 μL/s with velocity 0.02647 m/s. The results from both simulation and previous results found in a close settlement at the same Reynolds number and pressure. This study is very important for examining the blood...

ADEEBA SYED1, DILAWAR HUSSAIN2, UZMA RAFI1 & SUMAIRA MAZHAR1*

...le stagnation, irregular shaped cells, degeneration in the liver parenchymal cells, nuclear and cytoplasmic degeneration. Therefore, we here conclude that Chlorpyrifos adversely affects the major organs of Labeo rohita (Rohu).

...

HAFIZ MUHAMMAD ARSALAN1,2*, SUMMARA TABASSUM1, MUHAMMAD SHERAZ YASIN3, FAROOQ SALEEM4, ZEEMAL SEEMAB AMIN1, MUNIB ASHFAQ1, UMAR FAROOQ GOHAR5 & RASHIDA BASHIR6

...leaf is deep green heart shaped belongs to family Piperaceae. This plant is used for the treatment of different diseases like diabetes, cancer, inflammatory responses, oxidant injuries etc. in the present study ethanolic extract of Piper betle leaf was used (300 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced in male albino rats by using Alloxan (150 mg/kg). Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), micronutrients (Vitamin A, Vitamin C and Vita...
Qun Lu1,4, Yang Zhou1, Hangyu Lin1,4, Zhong tang He1, Feifan Ma1, Yonghua Zheng1,2, Hongyu Tang1,2 and Tao He1,2,3*
...nant analysis of otolith shape-index analysis can effectively distinguish the otolith shape of the two kinds of fish. The highest content of five chemical elements in otolith is Ca, and the other four elements are Mg, Sr, Ba, and Mn in turn. The results of one-way ANOVA show that, the molar ratio of each element to calcium (Mg/Ca, Ba/Ca, Sr/Ca and Mn/Ca) showed that there was significant difference between Se. grahami and Sp...

Hayder S. Rwayyih*, Tahani S.S. Al-Azawi

...ions with normal spindle shape cardiac muscle and intercalated disc with normal aorta and epithelial cells. From the other hand, the ovariectomized non- supplemented rabbits show clear lesions in their heart and aorta. There was clear necrosis of cardiac muscle fibers with fatty change in endocardium or papillary muscles due to estrogen deficiency, irregular myocardial endothelial degeneration and congested blood vessels. The aorta of these groups has enlargem...

Muhammad Adnan Khalid1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain1*, Shafaqat Ali2,3*, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain4, Muhammad Asrar1, Nisar Ahamd5, Majid Hussain6 and Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan7

...ngerlings were kept in V-shaped tanks. In present study, a trial of 90 days was conducted to assess the effects of different types of biochar on body composition, mineral status and antioxidant activity of Cirrhinus mrigala. At the conclusion of feeding trial, the protein content was highest (18.51±0.13%) in fingerlings fed with poultry waste biochar and lowest (15.35±0.11%) in fish fed with parthenium biochar. Mineral content was also significan...

Shabana Mangi1, Waheed Ali Panhwar1, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, G. Sarwar Solangi2, Khalid Hussain Rind3, Nazir Ahmed Abro4, Zaibun-nisa Memon1, Gul Hafeeza Lund1 and Paras Somroo1

...thened, scutellum shield shaped trigonal spots, 1st to 3rd antennomers quadrates, clypeus bigonal, legs lengthened, tarsi denticated, 5 claws on tarsi, meta tarsi slightly smooth. Male genitalia (aedeagus) is wider than longer, base broader, lateral lobe of parameres slightly bigonal, lateral margins with golden hairs, median lobe of parameres broad at base, rapidly narrowing apically, hairs like structure view from the ventral aspects. The instant discovery w...

Khushdil Khan1, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Zafar1, Khafsa Malik2, Shazia Sultana1, Shabir Ahmad1, Fawad Khan3, Asif kamal1, Kalim Ullah3

...gnificance. Pollen size, shape, ratio of polar to equatorial diameter exine thickness, number of colpi, number of pores, equatorial diameter, polar diameter, colpus width, colpus length, spines number, length and width of spines were examined with the help of light microscopy and all these values were analyzed statistically using software SPSS. This research provides a data to the optimal utilization of bee foraged weed plants by honeybees and identification o...

Abdullah1, Syed Mukarram Shah2, Adnan Ali Shah1, Murad Muhammad1, Muhammad Abdussalam1, Khushnood Ur Rehman3 and Haroon Khan4*

...enology, leaf size, leaf shape and life form of weed flora of village Sufaid Sung, Peshawar from March 2018 to June 2020. Overall, 95 plant species associated with 31 families have been recorded. Among them Poaceae (22 species), Asteraceae (10 species) followed by Amaranthaceae and Papilionaceae (6 species each), Brassicaceae and Polygonaceae (5 species each), Euphorbiaceae and Solanaceae (4 species each), Chenopodiaceae and Convolvulaceae (3 species each), Ap...
Reshma Sahito1, Nasreen Memon1, Aiman Amur1, Seema Memon1
Shabana Mangi2
...cters, especially color, shape of head, pronotum, scutellum, antennal segments, and internal male genitalia and female genitalia. The summer was the peak season for abundance of Carpocoris Pudicus whereas winter was the poor season.

...
Allah Bakhsh, Altaf A. Dasti, Asia Munir, Imran Khaliq, Muhammad Amin ud Din , Muhammad Shaheen Akhtar

Guenaoui Mohamed1*, Khelil Sofiane Raouf2, Berrani Abdelkader3

...ower oil can improve the shape index, haugh unit, and the yolk color score. Dietary sunflower oil supplementation at 10% improves the laying performances of quails without any negative effect on the health status of animals. Supplementing the quails’ diet with sunflower oil improves egg quality as haugh unit and yolk color score.
 
Keywords | Albumen, Diets, Egg weight, Feed intake, Laying quails, Yolk
...

Chengrui Yan1, Jing Miao1, Jiantong Feng1, Liping Xia1, Yingying Ye1,2*, Jiji Li1 and Baoying Guo1,2

Muhammad Yousaf Khan and Pervez Manan
...material is available in shape of Eucalyptus trees raised in length and width of the district

...
Saif-ur-Rehman Saif Abbasi & Saeed Akbar
... on forest vegetation in shape of medicinal plants, wood for making their farm implements i.e. wooden plough, spade, blade etc. and domestic goods of daily usage i.e. charpoy, stool, baskets, furniture etc. The use of cheep and easily available forest vegetation, based on indigenous knowledge, has reduced household expenses on one hand but has also put tremendous pressure on forest vegetation on the other hand. There is need to create awareness on sustainable ...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan
...e result is reflected in shape of Gas and electricity load shedding apart from environmental hazards. Combustion of hydrocarbons in thermal power plants is reducing the oxygen four times the weight of hydrocarbon used in the power plants and is therefore detrimental to the very existence of life on this planet.

The arrangements proposed in this study will not only regulate the flow of water for agriculture but power generation on cheaper rates will b...

Naveed Ahmed
...e galleries of different shapes and sizes beneath the bark which made longitudinal tunnels in affected part....
Ch. Muhammad Muslim, Muhammad Shabbir Mughal and Imtiaz Hussain
...ous root system, oval in shape and bears a dark brown colour. Leaves are 6-12 inches in length. It is round in shape and small when it flowers. Flowers are 1-2 inches in length and 1.5 inches broad. The flowers are hermaphrodite. Fruit is 0.5-1 inches in length and bear seeds. Seeds are 2-3 mm in diameter and are ovate in shape. These are light brown in colour and are bitter to taste. A tr...
Abdul Ghani Awan, Sohail Jamil Qureshi, Mir Ajab Khan and Sofia Bano
.... Characters like grain, shape of pollen grain, equatorial view, polar view, equatorial diameter (E), polar diameter (P). P/E ratio, length of colpus, exine surface, exine thickness, inter poral distance, inter spinal distance, inter spinal outline, length of spines, number of spines between colpi in each species were recorded for comparison. At species level, micromorphological differences and distribution of surface pattern, shape
Rizwana Aleem Qureshi*, Mushtaq Ahmad**, Zaheer Yousaf* and Muhammad Arshad*
...DC. For plant size, leaf-shape and size, petiole length, inflorescence type and capitulum, were studied on the herbarium specimens preserved at Herbarium of Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. Medicinal properties and uses of these species were determined by interviewing Hakims and also from the literature. Characters recorded are head and receptacle, number of florests per head were taxonomically important to differentiate these species. It was observed that ...
Raza-ul-Haq and Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry
... trenches, Gradoni and V-shaped micro-catchments were compared with conventional method of planting on four species viz. Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia nilotica and Acacia modesta at Kharian. Data on survival and growth of these species were recorded.

The survival under different water conservation techniques i.e. contour trenches, micro-catchment and Gradoni was 79%, 78% and 82% respectively while in simple pits it w...

Ghayyas Ahmad
...ty areas. However, patch shape index was also measured.

NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) was found to be a good predictor of forest vegetation of the area, particularly, when remote-sensing data is collected during summer rainy season as in this study. Results of image classification obtained by using NDVI were comparable to those obtained by using all spectral bands of the Landsat TM satellite image. However, for the drier western forests o...

Abdul Samad Mumtaz, Mir Ajab Khan and Tanweer Akhtar
.... Characters like pollen shape, polar diameter 'P', equatorial diameter 'E', 'P/E' ratio, exine thickness and pore diameter are found considerably important. Artemisia japonica and A. desertorum are distinguished due to pollen grain size and the absence of operculum on the pore of A. dubia is distinguished due to pollen grain size and the absence of operculum on the pore of A. desertorum. A dubia is distingu...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal
...forming rounded or oval shaped dense crown. It attains a height and girth of about 12-15m and 1.8-2.7m respectively (Parker, 1921; Troup, 1921). It has moderate, thick grey bark (1.2-2.5 cm) and reddish hard and durable heartwood (air dried specific gravity 0.72- 0.83); leaves are compound. 22.5-37.5 cm long; flowers in axillary panicles, lilac, honey-scented particularly during night....
Wasif Hussain Bokhari
...by a spreading umbrella shaped crown of thin foliage and bipinately compound leaves. Its pods are conspicuous during most of the year because they hang on the tree long after they ripe and throughout the hot weather when the tree is bare of leaves. When rattled by hot winds, the pods sound like frying fish; hence, the tree is known in West Indies as the Fry wood....
M. N. Ashiq
...attern of the larvae and shape of cocoon were taken into consideration for purification of the lines. With this method six pure lines, four of Chinese origin and two of Japanese origin, were evolved. All these lines were stable and bred true for the two characters. They were all suitable for rearing in the spring season....
M.I. Sheikh
...c training, the size and shape of the plants of mulberry and the number of branches is controlled and the size and quality of the leaves remains consistent and it is possible to estimate the annual quantity of leaf crop from a given area....
M. I. R. Khan
...ve but also change their shape and form in the wake of severe wind storms.


Soils in the coastal belt ('Subkha') are heavily impregnated with salts and bear practically no vegetation. Sandy soils and sand dunes at higher elevations away from the coast are less saline....

Abeedullah Jan
...s to basins of different shapes and sizes and from wide rolling plateaus to low broad plains. There are great deserts and wild lands in the north-west, while, rivers, streams and lakes stud the plains in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The climate is dominated by the monsoonal winds rising out of the difference in the heat absorbing capacity of the land and the ocean. A combination of high temperature and plenty of rainfall provides favourable c...
Moinuddin Ahmad, Asrar Hussain and Tariq Hussain
...carried out. Mean size, shape and weight of seed and % seed were also determined. Eleven species of various grasses including the above three were also studied for the establishment of relationship between TTC reactivity and routine germination test. The two were found highly correlated. ...
Islam Mahmood Khan Dr.
...unia showed a remarkable shape with continuous cytoplasm and without partition walls. The chromosomes were scattered in lots of different sizes. These pollen grains resembled the synocytes described by Levan 1914. ...
Anwar Masrur, PFS (I)
...nance, stream frequency, shape, slope and elevation....

Maqsood Anwar, Shah Khalid and Naveed Akhtar1*

... of 200 quadrats (square shaped) having size (1m × 1m) were placed in 20 randomly
selected wheat fields in the study area. Analytical quantitative characters like density,
frequency and cover were calculated for each weed species. Twenty weed communities were
established in 20 selected sites/stands. Comparative evaluation of diversity revealed
that Menhinick’s index ranged from 0.61 to 1.72, Margalef&...

Muhammad Idrees1, Wisal Muhammad Khan1*, Haroon Khan2, Arshad Iqbal1, Nosheen Umar3, Shah Khalid1 and Nisar Ahmad4

...species had spiny lamina shape.

...

Sariffudin Fatmona*, Abdurahman Hoda, Sri Utami 

...The male’s comb is shaped like a canary and a pea, while the female’s comb is mostly the shape of a canary. The main component variable in G1 chickens is the length of the tibia bone. Cluster analysis based on morphometrics contained three clusters: the first cluster was dominated by G1 chickens, the second cluster contained the third group of chicken types, and the third cluster was dominated by Ternate chickens...

Diyar Mohammad Hussein*, Iman Mousa Khaleel

...as smooth elongated oval shape with rounded cranial, narrow caudal ends and smooth lateral and medial surfaces. All measurements of left lobe in suckling and adult cats were higher than those of the right one. Statistically, the weight, length, width and thickness of right and left thyroid lobes in adult cats were higher significantly than those in suckling at p <0.05. The adrenal glands in suckling and adult cats contains two creamy small glands, located o...

Arba Aleem, Norrizah Jaafar Sidik*, Wan Razarinah Wan, Abdul Razak and Norfatimah Mohamed Yunus

...e plant roots where they shape the soil microbiology and helps to create the symbiotic interaction. It is controlled by a complex network of mechanisms impacted by symbiotic interaction which incorporates the complex network mechanism of biotic and abiotic method. In abiotic conditions, plant exudates via roots to deal with different stresses from the environment such as salinity, drought, and heat stress. In biotic conditions, plant roots secrete exudates whi...

Shumaila Usman1,2, Irfan Khan2, Kanwal Haneef3 and Asmat Salim2*

... fibroblast like spindle shaped morphology. The strategy to induce efficient transdifferentiation of NIH3T3 cells into IPCs has shown positive endocrine expression pattern, specifically β-cell specific transcription factors, demonstrating their successful regeneration. It is concluded that DNP has a potential to induce efficient transdifferentiation of NIH3T3 cells into insulin producing β-cells. The study could further be evaluated for their in vivo...

Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Nowsherwan Zarif, Anwar Ali*, Faizan Ahmed, Asim Karim and Ali Nawaz 

...tion contour trenches, V-shaped micro-catchments, hillside ditches, roaded catchments, water spreading, and individual basins were investigated to determine their efficiency and effectiveness. Deep planting and plastic mulching were extensively used for this purpose. Several multipurpose tree species were recommended for the desert environmental conditions in Thal, such as Acacia albida, Acacia tortilis, Acacia elata, Tecoma undulata, Acacia victoriae, Tamarix...

Mohanad O. Al-Jubouri1*, Sadeq M. AL Haider2, Safa M. Imran3

...ified according to their shape, characterization and use of the Vitek II system, and they include: A. hydrophila, A. veronii, P. putida, A. hydrophila, B. columnaris, F. columnaris, C. columnaris, F. columnare, E. cloacae, P. fluorescens Intestinalis, Streptococcus sp. The temperature of the water varied between 11.2°C to 33.8°C, the salinity values varied from 0.5o°C to 0.69°C, and the O2 levels vary from 4.5 mg/L to 9.0 mg/L, pH levels, 8 at ...

Abdur Rehman*, Muhammad Umair Khan, Zahid Rauf, Saeed Akhtar, Abdur Rahman Khan and Mansoor Khan

...ty factors, Luce’s shape factors, flexibility coefficient, and runkel ratio. The primary aim is to contrast the fiber quality of the two dense wood species within themselves.

...

Ahmed Jamil Abid*, Ahlam Jaber Hamza 

...t was a muscular cone in shape with a sharp apex, the heart was located in the thoracic cavity and extended from the 3rd to 6th ribs, the two surfaces, two borders and composed of four champers including two atria and two ventricles. The myocardium was the middle and thickest layer and was composed of myocardiocytes and Purkinje fibres, the myocardial fibres. Endocardium inner and thin layer lining cavities of the heart and contains Purkinje fibres in the deep...

Shaymaa Jabbar Hassoon1*, Hiba Ibrahim Ali2, Ayat Jasim Mohammed3, Oras Salman4

... showed Ag-NPs spherical shape. Diverse concentrations of AgNPs were used in agar well diffusion test (1024, 512, 256 and 128µg/ml), different inhibition zones alongside bacterial were isolated with an rise in agent concentrations. The full inhibition zone for Ag-NPs biosynthesized showed a significant difference in the effectiveness of AgNPs-cinnamon extract compared to the cinnamon extract alone with p value (0.0032) , but the least zone was establishe...

Baraa Qasim Mohammed1, Asmaa Hamoody Abdullah1, Ahmed Raheem Rayshan2* 

...such as size, color, and shape, as well as by Gram’s staining, biochemical tests, and Vitek2 system confirmation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was then confirmed by PCR assay. Importantly, all isolates tested positive for the ability to produce the virulence factor hemolysin, a phospholipase enzyme. The 16S rRNA gene was first identified as a virulence gene by polymerase chain reaction study, followed by the identification of the exotoxin T, outer membrane pro...

Abeer S. Hafez1, Shereen M. Aly1, Dalia M. A. Elmasry2*, H. A. Hussein3, Marwa A. Abdelmagid4

...niformity, and spherical shape of PN were measured at 4.065 ±1.12nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.021 which allows for easy blood vessel passage and renal clearance, fresh preparation without adding stabilizer cause zeta potential was recorded at -10 mV. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PN efficacy was found to be 111.5 ug/mL and had a functioning group-specific fingerprint that showing distinct bonds formed by the conversion of the p...
Arbab Waseem Abbas1*, Waseem Ullah Khan1, Huda Nauman1, Khalid Saeed2 and Syed Mujtaba Abbas Zaidi3
...ties due to the variable shapes and forms of its characters depending on their position in a word. The segmentation of Pashto characters remains an underdeveloped area in language processing, significantly hindering OCR performance. To tackle this, an image database of isolated Pashto characters was created. Pashto text samples were generated in Microsoft Word, with images saved in Bitmap (BMP) format for processing. These images were preprocessed, converting ...

Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

December

Vol. 42, pp. 01-48

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