Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro*, Habib-Ur-Rehman Memon, Muhammad Ali Ansari, Ahmed Naqi Shah
...to contain several allelochemicals. Utilization of these allelochemicals is considered low-cost and natural sources for weed suppression. Field trials were undertaken at Cotton Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam Pakistan during summer 2010 and repeated during summer 2011 for validating the previous results. The experiments were laid out in three replicated randomized complete block design. ...
Rashid Mahmood1*, Saima Asad2, Waqar Ahmad1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhamamd Khalid Rafique1, Noor Islam1, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1 and Zain Ul Abiden2
...rays alone and with soft chemicals in all three seasons effectively control the Varroa mite and can be used without any side effect during all the three seasons....
Qamar Ali, Muhammad Ashfaq and Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan
...hene sheet, fertilizers, chemicals, irrigation and labour days. Over utilization of resources was observed for seed quantity and use of tractor. There exist decreasing return to scale (87.7%) but its value will surely increase after efficient use of inputs. A little adjustment is required in the use of inputs for receiving more output. A comprehensive agricultural policy is required based on support price of vegetables; subsidize the input resources, improveme...
S. Bushra1,*, M. Tariq1, M. Naeem1, M. Ashfaq1, I. Bodlah1 and M. Ali2
... plant extracts and semiochemicals on physiology and performance of endoparasitoid of aphids, Diaeretiella rapae. Seven different treatments of semiochemicals and plant extract were applied on aphid pests, Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi and parasitoid was released. The data regarding emergence, parasitism, sex ratio, tibia length, adult weight and adult longevity of parasitoid D. rapae aft...
1Bikash Ranjan Ray and 2Mrinal Kanti Dasgupta
Management of root holoparasite Aeginetia pedunculata of (Orobanchaceae), causing wilt of sugarcane by trap and catch crops
...ree germination inducing chemicals (viz.; NaOCl, TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) and GR24-a strigol analogue) and growth of the parasite on excised root pieces of prevalent crop cultivars including sugarcane, were evaluated in A. pedunculata infested sugarcane field for their (crops) efficacy to deplete or recharge the parasite seeds in soil. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides Staph. & Hubbard.), ital...
Lakshman Chandra Patel and Chandan Kumar Mondal
Management of causal agents of chilli leaf curl complex through bio-friendly approaches
... for study including two chemicals i.e. profenophos and diafenthiuron, three ecofriendly approaches i.e. garlic extract, spirit and alternate use of garlic with spirit, one predator insect Chrysoperla carnea and untreated control. The lowest population of thrips, mites and white fly was recorded with application of diafenthiuron at 15 days interval from seedling to early fruiting stage. Among the ecofriendly options, alternate use of garlic with spirit perform...
Mehwish Faheem1,*, Saba Khaliq2 and Khalid Parvez Lone2
...y;">Endocrine-disrupting chemicals e.g. bisphenol-A can alter fish reproduction. Vitellogenin (vtg) is the egg yolk precursor and used as a biomarker for estrogenic endocrine disruption. To elucidate the endocrine-disrupting effect of bisphenol-A, juvenile Catla catla was exposed to graded concentrations of bisphenol-A (10,100,1000μg/l) for 14 days. BPA exposure strongly elevates vtg mRNA level in fish exposed to 100μg/l but a...
Azhar Abbas Khan1,*, Arif Muhammad Khan2 and Muhammad Afzal3
...oft bodied insects. Semiochemicals released by the plants in response to herbivorous attack influences third trophic level and natural enemies use these substances to locate their prey. Twelve-arm olfactory apparatus was used to evaluate the response of C. septempunctata toward aphids and different host plants of aphids. Different horticultural plants and field crops were used singly or in combination with prey as a host. An increased numbers of C. s...
Naveed Muhammad, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Ibrahim and Salman Khan
...r, number of irrigation, chemicals spray and fertilizers have positive significant effects on tomato yield. Allocative efficiency analysis reveals that machinery, seed quantity, number of irrigation, fertilizers and chemicals are underutilized, while labor and FYM are over utilized for tomato production in the study area. The study recommends training for growers and field labors, provision of short-term formal credit and su...
Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Arshad1, Mubasshir Sohail1,2 and Jaime Molina-Ochoa3,4
...including application of chemicals are adapted to resistor the influx of mites in hives of honey bee. The indiscriminate use of pesticides involve many problems; cause resistance in mites, residual in honey, wax and potentially hazardous to man and environment. Plant-derived mixtures are normally more easily degradable and could show a minor undesirable impact on environment with respect to synthetic compounds. This study was planned to check the efficacy of f...
Temel Gokturk1, Elif Tozlu2,* and Recep Kotan2
...ern Black Sea coast. The chemicals used to control this pest are prohibited in this region due to tea cultivation. For this reason, new strategies are needed to control this pest. With the awareness on the negative effects of the chemicals used in the control against pests and with the increasing awareness on environmental issues, alternative methods were sought in the past; and in this context, studies were conducted to fin...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1,*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
... is mainly controlled by chemicals which cause deleterious effects to human, livestock and environment. To dispense with the detrimental consequences of chemicals, use of resistant cultivars can prove one of the effective and reliable alternative approaches for the management of this pest. As the information regarding resistant cultivars is lacking, therefore, the objective of the present study was to identify resistant sour...
Shahid Iqbal1*, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Mushtaq Ahmad Jadoon3 and Intikhab Alam3
...t to use of agricultural chemicals. The floods-2010 has also had adverse effects on crops production where significant decrease has occurred in wheat, sugarcane and maize production. The most important effect was that vegetables growing were stopped after the floods-2010. The study recommends to address the issues through the involvement of both the agricultural extension and research with major emphasis on cash and off-seasoned crops after resolving land dema...
Shahida N.Khokhar*
CROP INOCULANTS- AN UNDEREXPLORED POTENTIAL IN AGRICULTURE
...paradigm from use of agrochemicals to green way of life. Bioinoculants are in perfect harmony with the concept of Evergreen Revolution. They have the potential to improve value cost ratio (VCR) of agricultural production. Pakistan faces increase in degraded lands, water shortage, energy crisis, all contributing to poverty. During last two decades, many efforts were made to address the issue through developing and applying the inoculants. Several research insti...
Sara Khalid*, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*, Ishfaq Ahmad Hafiz*, Khalid Saifullah Khan* and Usman Shaukat Qureshi*
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, FRUIT AND YIELD QUALITY OF STRAWBERRY
...pesticides and hazardous chemicals. In this regard, studies were conducted using six different organic amendments on strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler which included T = planting 1 media -1 (soil + silt + farm yard manure); T = planting media + 400 mgl humic 2 -1 acid; T = planting media + 200 g kg leaf manure; T = planting media + 200 3 4 -1 -1 g kg vermicompost; T = planting media + 200 g kg plant fertilizer and T = 5 6 -1 planting media + 20...
Safdar Ali1*, Obaidullah Shafique1, Tariq Mahmood2, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Ijaz Ahmed3 and Bashir Ahmad Khan4
...turing of innovative agrochemicals and novel delivery mechanisms to enhance crop production and decrease in pesticide use. Nanotechnology also contributes in increasing the crop yield in agriculture. One of the major contribution of nanotechnology in the field of agriculture is the formulation of nano based pesticides and fertilizers for increased crop production. Precise farming techniques can promote crop production without damaging soil and water, reducing ...
Souheila Slimani1,*, Sonia Hamouda1, Chahrazed Souadi1, Sara Silini2, Cherif Abdennour2 and Leila Delimi3
...l;">Fungicides are toxic chemicals, very much used in agriculture, but they are associated with the appearance of certain metabolic, carcinogenic, neurotoxic and fertility disorders. The objective of this work is to study the toxic effect of the dithiocarbamate “thiram 80% purity” on seasonal reproduction of male domestic pigeons Columba livia domestica, subjected to a long photoperiod (19L: 05D). The fungicide was orally administered at 5 a...
Muhammad Zameer Kayani1,*and Tariq Mukhtar2
...are mainly controlled by chemicals and their use is often coupled with health hazards. The deleterious effects of pesticides can be averted by using non-chemical approaches, and resistant cultivars can prove a promising substitute. For their fitness as nematode-suppressive crops, the reproductive and developmental rates of the nematode must be assessed on these cultivars. As there is meager information on the reproductive potential of Meloidogyne incognita<...
Abdur Rehman1* and Shad Khan Khalil2
...nd foliar application of chemicals at different growth stages on canola growth and phenology during 2015-16 and 2016-17. The experiment comprised of four moisture levels (optimum water, 10%, 20% and 30% reduced irrigation water), three chemicals (salicylic acid 0.5mM, potassium nitrate KNO3 1% and methanol 20% v/v basis) applied at three different stages (bud formation, 20% flowering and 20% pod formation). The experiment wa...
Inzimamul Haq1*, Shahid Sattar1, Bashir Ahmed1, Qamar Zeb2 and Amjad Usman3
...tudy the effect of these chemicals on the whole life cycle of T. chilonis. ...
Mohsin Iqbal1, Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Farah Naz2, Muhammad Usman Raja2, Muhammad Fiaz3 and Muhammad Nadeem1
...ved good alternatives to chemicals. Less number of eggs (2 per grain), more number of holes (8.3 per grain), less number of F1 adults (20.3 per jar) and more number of days (7) to 100% mortality of C. chinensis adults were recorded when chickpea grains were treated with the highest concentration of B. bassiana as compared to that of M. anisopliae. These non-chemical control strategies will have significant contribution towards development of commercial formula...
Muhammad Babar Khawar1, Muddasir Hassan Abbasi2*, Zillay Mariam1, Nadeem Sheikh1,2*
...c heavy metals and other chemicals of organic and inorganic nature which can house a variety of pathogens. As it drains it pollutes the groundwater table and if used for irrigation purpose represents a major health risk not only to humans but also to local flora and fauna. The purpose of current research work was to analyze the toxicity of leachate in Wistar rats. Wistar rats of about 250g were selected and divided into three groups namely Control, Group 1 and...
Asma Sohail1*, Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi1, Maryum Arif2 and Fatima Najam1
...inerals and various phytochemicals. Due to the presence of two unsaturated fatty acids, these oils can reduce their biological activity on heating, volatilization, and other parameters like oxidation and UV rays. This limits the commercial application of these oils. To overcome such problems encapsulation could be a gentle approach. Prior to encapsulation, oil extraction was done by using five different solvents including ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methanol, die...
Nadia Khan1*, Abdul Waheed1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Naveed Ahmed1, Zafar Iqbal2, Seemab Ali1, Madiha Bashir1 and Hina Gul3
...ential non-volatile phytochemicals and in vitro antibacterial activity against two phytopathogenic bacterial species (Clavibacter sp. and Xanthomonas sp.) and a human pathogenic bacterium (Escherichia coli) in 2016. Experiment was carried out by using complete randomized design with three replications in vitro. Phytochemical analysis reveals that the methanolic fraction of oil possesses metabolites like carbohydrates, amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids and gly...
Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ammarah Hasnain2, Ateeq ur Rehman1 and Rashida Perveen1
...lternatives to hazardous chemicals for the control of BLB of rice. Aqueous extracts of fifteen different plant parts either individually or in combination were tested at various concentrations under in vitro conditions by poison food and disk diffusion techniques while best effective seven were trialed in glass house and field experiments to determine their efficacy against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. In vitro and in vivo studies under different conditions ...
Anam Javed, Javed Iqbal Qazi*
Skin health implications of Chemical detergents and importance of biodetergents
... of formulated synthetic chemicals are needed to investigate further to develop alternatives with ideally no or at least less side effects. This review highlights a wide range of dermal disorders which are produced due to synthetic detergents. It has studied that ultimate solution of the grave issues, is common utilization of biosurfactants from domestic to industrial level. Biodetergents do not cause health complications, and as they are readily biodegradable...
Nabila Roohi, Mehjabeen, Samina Ashraf*
Effects of cigarette smoking on serum proteins profile in male active and passive smokers
... in bound state with the chemicals, whereas, total globulins,
gamma globulins and non-gamma globulin serum proteins have shown significant
increase in smokers. Our findings provide primary information about fractions and
total serum proteins of cigarette smokers. The decrease in albumin justifies the
reduction in total serum proteins and elevation in globulins. Smoking cessation
plays a significant role in recovery of these p...
gamma globulins and non-gamma globulin serum proteins have shown significant
increase in smokers. Our findings provide primary information about fractions and
total serum proteins of cigarette smokers. The decrease in albumin justifies the
reduction in total serum proteins and elevation in globulins. Smoking cessation
plays a significant role in recovery of these p...
Siddra Tayyab Akhtar, Anjum Nasim Sabri
Twitching, swimming, swarming in biofilm forming strains in response to chemical and physical factors
...s flooding some specific chemicals, which disrupt
bacterial motilities and biofilm formation....
bacterial motilities and biofilm formation....
Muhammad S. Waqas, Ali A.Z. Shoaib, Xinlai Cheng, Qianqian Zhang, Asem S.S. Elabasy and Zu-hua Shi*
...ing male, or spraying of chemicals during the time of male activity, may be an effective practice for the management of this pest.
...
Ghulam Ali1,3, Wopke van der Werf2 and Just M. Vlak1,
...peed of kill relative to chemicals and continued feeding following application limit their effectiveness in preventing crop losses. Here we studied the food consumption and weight gain of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera litura following application of two viral doses of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (Pakistan isolate SpltNPV-Pak-BNG). Infected larvae with final polyhedrosis (disease resulting in dissolution of larval tissues and accumulation of ...
Sabi-ur-rehman1, Farooq Azam1, Shaheed Ur Rehman2, Tasbeeh Ur Rahman3, Ayeza Mehmood4, Afshan Gohar5 and Abdul Samad5*
...rmacological active phytochemicals i.e. conocarpan, conocarpol, gallic acid, ellagic acid, ellagitannin, castalagin, quercetin, myricetin and syringetin etc. The review expresses the ethanomedicinal potential of this plant specie as well as its importance in modern medicines. ...
Huseyin Cetin1,*, Oner Kocak2, Emre Oz1, Samed Koc1, Yesim Polat1 and Kalender Arıkan2
...the toxicities of tested chemicals, based on their KDT50 (Knock-down 50 times) values, increased when mixed with PBO.
... 
Hafiz Abdullah Akbar, Zafar Iqbal, Waqas Raza*, MuhammadUsman Ghazanfar and Salman Ahmad
...nt plant extracts /allelochemicals and salicylic acid on the growth of Penicillium digitatum causes citrus green mould by using 7 plant extracts alone and in combination with wax and 3 concentrations of salicylic acid alone and in combination with wax. The study revealed that in case of plant extracts maximum growth inhibition (35.90 %) was shown by Anar followed by Chabir (33.60%) and Garlic (29.16%), while minimum growth inhibition was recorded from P...
Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Yasir Iftikhar2, Samina Khalid3, Zahoor Hussain4, Jaime Molina-Ochoa5,6 and John E. Foster6
...k the efficacy of tested chemicals and essential oils. As seen from results, abamectin showed significant mortality (63.5%) of CLM larvae when topical bioassay was performed. Similarly, the percent mortality of CLM larvae was 53.8% after application of abamectin, when leaf dip bioassay technique was used. However, among tested botanicals, Azadirachta indica oil showed better results with percent CLM mortality of 35.6%, through topical bioassay an...
Bushra Siddique1,*, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Naeem1 and Muhammad Ali2
... plant extracts and semiochemicals were used for natural enemypreference experiment. The experiment was conducted with seven treatments and five replications at Glass house situated in Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi field area during Feb-April, 2015. The Coccinella septempunctata were collected from wheat crop plants. They remained starved for two days before Olfactometer bioassays. For D. rapae, mummified aphidswere co...
Rıfat Ertekin1*, Mete Ozkurt1, Gokhan Kus2 and Selda Kabadere1
...ew, effective methods or chemicals should be developed. Tolfenamic acid (TA) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine stimulating apoptosis in cancer cells like pancreas, oesophagus and lungs. This study aims to determine the role of TA in cell viability and apoptosis in glioma cells (T-98G) and androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP). In our study, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM doses of TA were applied to T-98G and LNCaP cell lines fo...
Zahin Anjum1*, Farhat Shehzad1, Amina Rahat1, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Saleem Khan3
...efer to a large group of chemicals that may be present in the environment as pollutants and can enter the food chain and might be carcinogenic to humans. The lead content was found high in fish with the mean value of 3.18mg/kg and the lowest values were observed in chicken with mean value of 1.38mg/kg. The chrysene, naphthalene, flourenthene and Dibenz(a,h) anthracene concentrations were also found high in fish and mutton. The observed values were greater than...
Mehran Ahmad, Syed Attaullah Shah and Shahid Ali*
...nstraint. Nitrophous and chemicals were over utilized as their allocative efficiencies were less than 1. The study recommends that government may provide subsidized inputs and interest free production credit to poor farmers for purchase of chemical fertilizers for optimal utilization of these inputs....
Fatima Tufail1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3
Naimat Ullah1, Sarzamin Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3, Shahbaz Javaid4*, Tarique Tonio1 and Asif Mahmood5
Manzoor Hussain*, Marie Maňasová, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...eatus,along with two chemicals,Vydate and Basamid (G),were evaluated against northern root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne hapla, on carrots in a greenhouse. All fungi and chemicals proved to be efficient in reducing the infestation level of Meloidogyne hapla and providing better growth of carrots compared to their controls. Maximum reductions in nematode population were observed in the plants treated wi...
Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Rashid Mahmood2, Ziyad Abdul Qadir2, Muhammad Arshad1 and Mubasshir Sohail3
...including application of chemicals, are adopted to control the infestation of mites in honey bee colonies. Chemical are still the most effective option; however, they pose different threats; due to which they should be alternated with non chemical options. Natural acaricides are considered important alternative control measure for Varroa mites. This study was planned to check the efficacy of different essential oils (Lemon oil, Eucalyptus oil, Wintergreen oil,...
Shahid Ali1*, Farhan1, Murtaza1, Neelum Andaleeb2 and Amjad Ali1
...hat seed quantity, urea, chemicals (Pesticides and weedicides), labor and tractor hours were statistically significant with the coefficients of -0.027, 0.090, 0.060, 0.223 and 0.056, respectively. The estimated results of SFP model-2 revealed that household’s education level was having negative and significant effect on technical inefficiency. Among the sampled respondents owners were technically more inefficient as compared to the tenants. Farm size was...
Derya Kocamaz* and Elif Oruc
...div>Endocrine disrupting chemicals are a serious concern all over the world. In this study, the endocrine disrupting effects of commonly used insecticides thiamethoxam and λ cyhalothrin were investigated by using Oreochromis niloticus as a model organism. The fish exposed to 1/20, 1/10 of 96-h LC50 value of thiamethoxam and λ cyhalothrin (477.29 mg/L, 2.901 µg/L), individually and in mixtures, for 7 and 15 days. Fish were ...
Chandragouda M. Patil, Shashikant S. Udikeri* and Shreeshail. S. Karabhantanal
... have been classified as chemicals with low level resistance having resistance.
...
Sumaira Akram1, Sajid Aleem Khan1*, Nazir Javed1 and Saeed Ahmad2
...fferent concentration of chemicals, bio control agents and plant extracts. Among chemicals, cartap was most effective with lowest egg hatching and among biocontrol agents Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson (PL) produced highest egg hatching while, Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (TH) caused lowest egg hatching. In plant extracts the highest egg hatching was recorded in clove at S concentration and lowest by neem ...
Anila Latif, Zaheer Abbas, Farhatullah and Ghulam Muhammad Ali*
...istant against different chemicals and biopesticides. DBM has shown resistance against 12 different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and 91 active ingredients of agricultural chemicals globally. Alternative ways should be explored to control DBM. Berberine is an insect toxic alkaloid and produced by plants of family Berberidaceae. Berberine Bridge Enzyme (BBE) gene involved in the synthesis of berberine was isolated fr...
Gulnaz Parveen1*, Salma Gul2, Muhammad Ather Rafi3, Ashfaq Ali Khattak4 and Hikmatullah Jan5
Muhammad Raheel Faiz1, Ijaz Ashraf1, Haq Nawaz2, Muhammad Zubair3*, Muhammad Sajid Mahmood4, Sajid Hussain5 and Abdul Qadeer2
...rices of fertilizers and chemicals. The protection problems identified were lack of storage facilities for surplus vegetables, fluctuation in market price of vegetables and transportation problems. This indicated that the government should launch small credit schemes and should provide better marketing facilities to the farmers to ensure the sustainable production of vegetables in this area. ...
Salman Khan, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali and Murtaza
...labor, tractor, urea and chemicals were positive and statistically significant having elasticities of 0.211, 0.110, 0.103, 0.073 and 0.064, respectively. The study recommends that government should subsidize the inputs and arrange trainings for potato growers regarding use of recommended chemical fertilizer and efficient utilization of seed, labor and other inputs to accelerate potato production and thereby profit of farmers....
Shabana Rafique1, Shahnaz Parveen Khattak1, Tanveer Hussain2, Faiza Tauqeer1, Bashir Ahmad3
EVALUATION OF FLEXURAL RIGIDITY AND ABRASION RESISTANCE OF POST AND META-FINISHED PIGMENT DYED P/C FABRICS
...dant and water repellent chemicals induced resistance against heavy brunt of abrasive action and a desirable
flexural rigidity in fabrics. As regards the meta-treatment of soft polyurethane (hand building) finish, the dyed fabric
showed an inversely proportional relation i.e. decrease in abrasion resistance with increase in finish concentration. ...
flexural rigidity in fabrics. As regards the meta-treatment of soft polyurethane (hand building) finish, the dyed fabric
showed an inversely proportional relation i.e. decrease in abrasion resistance with increase in finish concentration. ...
Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal1*, Ijaz Ahmad2, Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra3, Abu Baker Ijaz4, Zahid Hassan Tarar5, Muhammad Ansar6, Umer Iqbal7, Tayyaba Naz4, Bilquees Fatima8, Muhammad Akram9, Allah Wasaya10, Asif Iqbal11, Shakeel Ahmed Anwar12, Khalid Saif Ullah Khan13, Azeem Khalid14, Asif Aziz15 and Rashid Mehmood16
...r, foliar application of chemicals during normal and late planting improved the grain yield by increasing both the grain number and size. Foliar spray of SA, AsA and H2O2 may induce heat tolerance by improving antioxidant activities which stabilized membrane and maintaining relative water, chlorophyll and nutrient content in ear leaves of maize during heat stress. ...
Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...ons of exposure to toxic chemicals. The activity of the arylesterase, on the contrary is inhibited to variable extent after exposure to the insecticides.
...
Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Abdul Rasul Naseem1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Muhammad Khalid2, Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich3 and Muhammad Arif4
...psum @ 100% GR while the chemicals properties of soil (pHs, ECe, SAR) were under the safe limits in both treatments. Gypsum @ 75 % GR+ humic acid @ 30 kg ha-1 reduced the pHs (6.70%), ECe (27.60%) and SAR (54.96%), hydraulic conductivity (9.75%), and bulk density (3.94%) over their initial values. Therefore, it was concluded that integrated use of gypsum @ 75% GR + humic acid @ 30 Kg ha-1 is equally effective as gypsum @ 100 % GR in improving the yield of whea...
Huma Abbas1*, Nazir Javed1,Muhammad Kamran2, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Hira Abbas3, Ehetisham-ul-Haq2, Abdul Jabbar1, Mehwish Naz1 and Ihsan Ullah4
...thetic (Cartap, Virtako) chemicals was evaluated on the induction of systemic activity by using modified split root technique. Efficacy of different application methods; soil drench and root dip was also tested. Results revealed that all the chemicals have more or less systemic effect against M. incognita. Cartap was found to be more effective in reduction of egg masses followed by Virtako in both treated and untreate...
Iram Bilqees1, Yasir Iftikhar1, Mustansar Mubeen1,2*, Qaiser Shakeel3, Ashara Sajid1, Zahoor Hussain4, Aqleem Abbas2, Muhammad Aamir Sohail2, Judith Jeruto Kiptoo5 and Shehzad Iqbal2
Use of Nutrients and Plant Extract to Manage Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease (OYVMD) in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
... the hazardous effect of chemicals on human health and being the eco-friendly. Four varieties of okra viz., Indian Rachna, Sabz Pari, Desi Bhindi, and Rama Krishna were grown under RCBD. Five treatments viz., 2% garlic extract, 2% multi-nutrients, silicon (1 and 1.5%) s and water as control were applied. Sabz pari showed the maximum disease incidence of 50% whereas, Indian Rachna with disease incidence of 25% exhibited the minimum DI. None of varieties showed ...
Malik Abdul Rehman1, Shafqat Ali1, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal1, Muhammad Nawaz Khan1 and Mujahid Ali2*
Efficacy of Chemicals and Botanical Extracts to Control Citrus Canker on Kinnow in Sargodha Region
...ine the efficacy of both chemicals and plant-based extracts to find suitable chemicals against the canker in Kinnow. The study was carried out at the citrus farm of the Citrus Research Institute, Sargodha, Punjab-Pakistan during 2011-13 on ten-year-old bearing trees of Kinnow plants. There were nine treatments, control (no chemical was applied), Neemsol @ 5 ml, copper oxychloride @ 3 g, streptomycin sulphate @ 1 g, potassium...
Blood Biochemical and Hair Mineral Profile of Camel Calves Reared under Different Management Systems
Asim Faraz*
...twice daily. In blood biochemicals analyses the levels of hemoglobin, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, calcium and phosphorus were found to be significantly different higher in IMS compared to SIMS and EMS. The levels of urea, creatinine and glucose were found to be varied (P>0.05) among groups. Regarding hair mineral status Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn concentrations were found to be significantly different (P<0.05) among calf groups in ...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Olubumi Atolani2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji3
Toxicity Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on Pratylenchus spp. of Zea mays
...pplication of plant phytochemicals on the planted maize was also examined in terms of growth rate and survival of Pratylenchus spp. The essential oil (ECSG/EO) exhibited significant (p<0.05) toxicity, reduced nematode population and increased grain yield (6.79 kg) compared to the standard, carbofuran (CBFN) (7.18 kg) The Eucalyptus globulus ethanol extract fractions (ECSG/EtOH) showed moderate effect, while the chopped leaf materials used as soil amendment ...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Afzal1,Muhammad Asam Riaz1,Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed1, Muhammad Luqman2, Mehar Zubair Shehzad1, Muhammad Bilal Tayyab1, Mujahid Tanvir1 and Saadia Wahid1
...rporation of these phyto-chemicals in the future insect pest management programs.
...
Mehwish Saleem Khan
Evaluation of Changes in Zinc Levels in Patients Suffering from Cancer
...ncer patients, effect of chemicals on cancer patients, infections in cancer patients and physiological changes in some patients. The experimental work had been done in city lab and research center Lahore to evaluate the serum zinc concentration. The sample zinc level is estimated by using the spectrophotometer in laboratory. The level of zinc in cancer patients was observed lower than the optimum value. Male have much lower concentration as compare to females,...
Adeen Kiran1, Umar Farooq Gohar1*, Ayesha Farooq1, Malik Muhammad Asif2 and Hamid Mukhtar1
Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance using Plant Extracts
...d the importance of phytochemicals present in plants and its ability to kill these pathogens and microbial inability to develop resistance against these pathogens. Therefore, the trend has been shifting from using synthetic or semi-synthetic antibiotics to the use of medicinal plants which are the part and parcel of traditional medicines. Thus, this review article explains the different mechanisms adopted by microbial life to develop resistance against antibio...
Muhammad Shahzad Akbar, Farrukh Sajjad, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Asam Riaz and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*
Field Evaluation of Promising Botanical Extracts, Plant Essential Oils and Differential Chemistry Insecticides against Subterranean Termites Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Termitidae)
... of persistent synthetic chemicals are employed to prevent and control the infestations of subterranean termites. Most of these chemicals have high mammalian toxicity and environmental hazards. This study was, therefore, aimed to evaluate the efficacy of some promising botanical extracts (Dodonaea viscosa, Gardenia jasminoides and Nerium indicum), plant essential oils (Allium sativum, Citrus aurantium and Cymbopogon citratus...
Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Wakil2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi3 and Waqas Raza1*
Influence of Resistance Inducers on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Contents of Susceptible Chickpea Cultivars after Inoculation with Ascochyta rabiei
...n plants pretreated with chemicals. There was no significant change in plants treated with the plant extracts except with extracts of A. indica. Chemically increased N, P, and K were highest in cultivar C-44 followed by Pb-91 and Bittle-98. A similar trend was observed with plant extract treated plants, with the greatest effect observed with A. indica extracts. The results indicate that chemicals reported to induce resistanc...
Rashid Mahmood1*, Muhammad Abu Bakar2, Muhammad Fahim Raza3, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1 and Muhammad Yahya2
...e of naturally occurring chemicals against Varroa mites of A. mellifera. Nine colonies of A. mellifera were selected to check the infestation of V. destructor randomly. Treatment was applied once and post-treatment data was recorded after 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after all applications of the tested material through sticky cards placed at the bottom of each colony. The results showed that maximum efficacy (76.05 ± 2.28%) was obser...
BamideleAkinsanya1, Isaac O Ayanda2,*, Benson Onwusa1 and Joseph K Saliu1
...ne and xylene (BTEX) are chemicals derived from fossil fuels that easily get into the aquatic environment. These chemicals were investigated in the fish parasite Tenuisentis niloticus, as a reflection of the extent to which these compounds are present in the lagoon. One hundred (100) samples of Heterotis niloticus were investigated for parasitic infection for a duration of six months, while the parasites encoun...
Bushra Baig and Saeeda Yousaf*
...r identification of phytochemicals by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The result showed that Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Terpenoids and Phenolic compounds were found both in Black pepper and Neem.Quantitative analysis indicated 21 active componentsin Black pepper which were dominated byCaryophyllene (32.3%), Delta-3-carene (18.7%) and Cinene(15.5%). Neem showed 17 active components, among them Beta-Pinene (14.8%), Delta-Elemene (14.4%) and Palm...
Allah Bakhsh1, Attiq Akhtar1*, Fiaz Hussain1 and Shabbir Ahmed2
...ntity without the use of chemicals to combat disease. As a result, this strategy is both environmentally and health-friendly. In Pakistan, we consider using leaf removal therapy to treat grape bunch rot disease because it is the least expensive....
Muhammad Sarfraz1*, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi4, Abdul Rasool Naseem1, Sarfraz Hussain1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1 and Muhammad Rizwan1
...ropriate management viz. chemicals like gypsum, H2SO4, calcium chloride, sulfur or organic additions like manures, muds, biogas slurry, composts etc. The marginal soils irrigated with saline water have deteriorated physical properties were improved with inorganic and organic amendments. Field studies were conducted at Kot Murad (district Hafizabad) to evaluate the different management practices for saline water in salt affected soils. Results suggested that th...
Shahida Sabir1, Anwar Ali Shad1, Tariq Masood1*, Zafar Ali Shah1, Nasiruddin2, Yaseen Ahmad1 and Syed Sartaj Alam3
...s for the number of phytochemicals. Alkaloids were present in all fractions except n-hexane and petroleum ether while tannins were present in all the fractions. Flavonoids, lipids, terpenoids and glycosides were present in extracts at moderate to high concentrations. Methanolic fraction of mushroom proved to be bactericidal with highest % inhibition (65, 36 and 75 %) recorded at 25 mg/L concentration against all the three bacterial strains i.e., E. coli, Staph...
Abeera Razzaq1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3 and Qingyou Liu3
...icultural and commercial chemicals discharged into aquatic habitats could pose a serious threat to the aquatic life like fish. These metals have ability to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS can interact with nucleic acids and cause oxidation of DNA. The potential of ROS to damage DNA has become a topic of significant interest for environmental toxicology studies. Thepresent research was conducted to assess the genotoxic potentia...
Huda S. Darwish 1, Om-hashem M. El-Banna2, Mohamed S. Abbas3, Hoda M. Waziri 1, Maisa A. Awad1
...v>concentrations of both chemicals led to death of plantlets while, concentrations 3.0 and 4.0 mM of
NaN3 and EMS 0.4%, 0.5% showed no symptoms of ToRSV in spite of concentrations 1mM and 2mM
of NaN3 and 0.3% of EMS were showing symptoms and gave positive results with ELISA. EMS
(0.40%) treated tomato cv. CR and 3mM NaN3 treated tomato cv. SSB revealed 3 unique fragments
with 98-A ISSR primer, 3 unique fragments ...
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Afzal2
...rid than the rest of the chemicals. Similarly, CLM larval population was also observed lower (1.13/plant) when imidacloprid was applied. The least affected chemical was spirotetramat, as the population of both pests was recorded higher on citrus plants after application of this insecticide compared to others. Our findings indicate that imidacloprid can be considered the best insecticide for managing CLM and ACP population in an integrated approach.
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