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Matheus Nunes Weber1, Simone Silveira1, André Felipe Streck1, Luís Gustavo Corbellini2, Cláudio Wageck Canal1*

... reason the placement of governmental veterinary measures in the near future.

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Varadaraja V. Raman

...ve terrorized people and governments for various causes.There has also been terrorism by the majority on the minority in communities and nations: for example, Jews in Nazi Germany, Kurds in Saddam Hussein’s Iraq, and Blacks in South Africa. In recent years a new kind of terrorism has been emerging in which individuals or groups attack and murder innocent civilians in another country.

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Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde1*, Kayode Ayinde2, Tofunmi Emmanuel Ilori1, Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde1

E-mail | [email protected]

...y assessed the impact of government agricultural policies on the prices of major staple food in Nigeria. Secondary data were sourced from various organizations and used for this study. These data were transformed from their nominal value to real value and analysed using descriptive statistics, unit root test, ordinary least square model, Cochrane-Orcutt, least absolute deviation estimators and simultaneous equation model. The study further ...

 Ian von Hegner

... is defined as a type of government in which power flows from the citizens to the leaders of government, who are selected through free elections. This article argues, that if the concept of democracy is generalized to be universally applicable, then the concept of hypothetical gods’ right to rule results in dictatorship. Whereas the concepts of dictator and tyrant originally had a more positive meaning, those meanings ...

Oluwasogo David Olorunfemi, Oluwasegun Adetokunbo Adekunle, Felix Olayinka Oladipo, Temitope Oluwaseun Oladele and Oladimeji Idowu Oladele

Amjad Ali and Abbas Ullah Jan

...wer’s productivity government should ensure the provision of quality extension services. Many of the farmers achieving high and consistent yield and then obtaining high technical efficiency in study area can be used effectively to demonstrate the benefits of good farming practices for reduction of gap between the most technical efficient and the inefficient farmers. Empirical results illustrate that there exist opportunity to increase yield at present le...

Zeeshan Haider, Inayatullah Jan and Waqar Akram 

...can be alleviated if the government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play their role in promoting social cohesion and management of any conflict in future.

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Neelum Andaleeb, Munir Khan and Syed Attaullah Shah

...or must be recognized in government planes and policies. The provision of credit and livestock training facilities to rural women could encourage their participation in livestock farming and provides them decision power in livestock management.

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Usman Shakoor1*, Mudassar Rashid1, Abdul Saboor2, Nabila Khurshid1, Zuhair Husnain2 and Abdul Rehman2

...licy intervention of the government to cater with the climate change on agriculture and particularly on maize. Fertilizer management and crop variety choices according to the changing climate will address this serious concern expected in the future.

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B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran

Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management

A.A. Oyerinde, P.Z. Chuwang, P.Z. and G.T. Oyerinde

Evaluation of the effects of climate change on increased in-cidence of cowpea pests in Nigeria
...ent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts an increment in mean atmospheric temperature from 1.1 to 6.4°C toward the year 2100 with equally increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Such climatic changes could profoundly affect insect’s population on essential crops. This study was conducted during the 2010 and 2011 cropping season at the University of Abuja Teaching and Research Farm (Nigeria) in order to determ...

Umer Wahid1, Shahid Ali2* and Nihal Ahmad Hadi3

...further recommended that government should provide training facilities to the farmers to improve their skills, as a results of which the productivity will be increased

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Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*, Shah Saud Ahmad and Asif Nawaz 

...ext-align: justify;">The government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the year 1999, started a new strategy of Farm Services Center for the empowerment of farmers that aimed to provide agricultural inputs like seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, machinery along with advisory services in order to increase per acre yield. This study was conducted in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in the year 2016. The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Farm Services Centers (FSC...
Umair Talib1*, Ijaz Ashraf1, Khalid Mahmood Chaudhary1, Riaz Ahmad2
...ince the late 1980s, the government of Pakistan include private sector in extension circle to enhance the effectiveness of public extension through competition. This study conducted in 2016, sought to analyze whether smallholder rice growers are more satisfied with public or private extension organizations and development of a strategy to enhance the effectiveness of extension work. The specific objectives were to ascertain the satisfaction smallholder ri...

 Maleeha Manzoor1*, Madiha Manzoor2, Qurat-ul-ain Ahmed3, Sobia Ahmed4, Shazia Manzoor5

Ronaq Zaman*, Shahid Ali and Inam Ullah 

... medium farms. Therefore government should encourage educated people in broiler farming. Broilers farmers also need to be provided with loan facility on easy installments, for a smooth running of broiler farms in future. 

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Raania Ahsan* and Zafar Altaf**

 Babar Hussain*, Muhammad Ashfaq**, Mazher Abbas***, Khalid Mahmood**** and M. Ather Mahmood***

...ction, which may justify government intervention. This study used the monthly wholesale price (Rs. / 40 kg) data from January 1991 to December 2006 of gram, in logarithmic form and empirically estimated the degree of integration in gram markets of Pakistan using co-integration analysis. Co-integration results show that all gram markets are highly co-integrated in the long run. The high degree of market integration observed in this case is consistent with the v...

Liaqat Ali Shahid, M. Azhar Saeed and Nadeem Amjad*

...other countries on which government is spending billions of rupees in foreign exchange. It is imperative to mention that the efforts made so far at federal and provincial levels to increase the production of oilseed crops are not fruitful. This crop sector remained neglected for the last two decades due to mainly unfavourable edible oil import policies. Three main institutions/organizations namely Oilseed Programme NARC, Agricultural and Biological Engineering...

 Mazher Abbas*, Muhammad Waqas Akram**, Ikram Saeed*** and Arshed Bashir*

 Naheed Zahra*, Muhammad Zubair Anwar*, Sonila Hassan** and Irfan Mehmood**

INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT ARRANGEMENT AND THEIR IMPLICATION ON AGRICULTURAL INCOME IN THE SELECTED VILLAGES OF RAWALPINDI DISTRICT
...e. It is neccessary that government should practice the credit policy to protect the interest of small and medium farmers by providing them loans on easy terms and to facilitate them against any natural hazards and disaster.

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 Hafiz Sultan Mahmood*, Munir Ahmad**, Tanveer Ahmad*, Muhammad Azhar Saeed* and Muhammad Iqbal***

POTENTIALS AND PROSPECTS OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN - A REVIEW
...perspective, farmers and government authorities should look forward to adopt new and sustainable technologies to increase the efficiency of available resources and reduce the input costs. Before this, the effectiveness of precision technologies needs to be realised in Pakistan through field experiments and land management practices.

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 Nusrat Habib*, Saima Rani*, Sabeen Siddiqui*, Shah Zaman** and Muhammad Zubair Anwar*

IMPACT OF MAJOR FARM INPUTS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGARCANE: A CASE STUDY IN TEHSIL KOT ADDU, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ugarcane in the country, government may resolve the identified hurdles by providing subsidy on major inputs to raise the returns of sugarcane farmers.

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 Anum Fatima*, Saleem Abid* and Sobia Naheed* 

TRENDS IN WHOLESALE PRICES OF ONION AND POTATO IN MAJOR MARKETS OF PAKISTAN: A TIME SERIES ANALYSIS
...he consumers. Hence, the government has to make some measures, rules and regulations regarding control of prices. 

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 Umar Ijaz Ahmed*, Liu Ying**, Muhammad Khalid Bashir***,
Muhammad Amjed Iqbal*, Muhammad Rizwan*, Muhammad Mazhar
Iqbal****, Muhammad Rafi Qamar***** and Aftab Nazeer******

SPATIAL PRICE TRANSMISSION IN PAKISTAN: THE CASE OF WHEAT AND RICE MARKETS

 Anwar Hussain* and Muhammad Rahman**

ROLE OF TRAININGS ON FARMERS' PROFITABILITY OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA
...tudy recommends that the government and non-governmental organization should arrange such type of trainings in other regions of the country which will not only increase the trade volume of the MAPs but would also improve the livelihood of the local community. 

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 Sidra Majeed*, Mubbashira Nazir*, Sumia Bint Zaman * and Waqas Farooq*

POTENTIAL OF SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN: A REVIEW
...on commercial scale. The government is in favor of beet sugar but sugarcane mill owners are reluctant to encourage sugar beet cultivation due to some technical barrier. Beet growing experiment at different sites of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and Sindh have revealed encouraging results.

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 Hina Fatima** and Bushra Yasmin**

EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS OF PAKISTAN'S FARM SECTOR: A META-ANALYSIS*
...mprovement. To this end, government should be well-designed to evaluate the misdirected growth policies in farm sector of Pakistan.

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 Ghazala Nawaz*, Muhammad Nawaz Malik**, Muhammad Hassan
Mushtaq***, Fraz Munir Ahmad****, Ali Abdullah Shah*****, Farooq
Iqbal******, Shinawar Waseem Ali*******, Zahida Fatima******** and
Amjad Khan*********

SURVEILLANCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN LIVESTOCK IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...rucellosis through local government support.

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Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Zafarullah Baloch3 

...t advisory services from government extension service institutions at all. Age and experience are significantly correlated variables with r = 0.951 at 1% alpha level. Results from regression analysis revealed that age, education and experience are strong predictors in the model to increase the knowledge level of the respondents for production, processing and marketing of the dates in district Panjgur.
 

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Nihal Ahmad Hadi, Shahid Ali* and Umer Wahid

 

...nd efficiency. Moreover, government also needs to educate broiler farmers and provide trainings specific to rearing of broilers for efficient utilization of resources for enhancing productivity and efficiency. 

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Saleem Ashraf1*, Ashiq Hussain Sangi1Zakaria Yousaf Hassan3 and Muhammad Luqman2

...ose, data collected from government reports for the period of 1990-2017 was criticaly examined. Empirical results indicated that area under cultivation showed negative compound growth rate while production and average yield showed positive compound growth in Pakistan. While, in Punjab, compound growth rate of area under cotton cultivation and production showed negative while average yield showed positive growth. Forecasting of cotton showed that in Pakistan, a...
Qudrat Ullah1,*, Huma Jamil1, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi1, Muhammad Saqib2 and Heinrich Neubauer3
...l ruminants kept at nine government livestock farms of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1000 blood samples (500 each from goats and sheep) were collected from animals kept at the respective livestock farms. An indirect-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA) was used to detect anti-C. burnetii antibodies in the serum. Serological analysis revealed overall flock-level sero-prevalence of 92.3% which varied from 88.88% in sheep and 100% in goat, while indiv...

Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2, Muhammad Anjum Ali Buttar3, Umar Farooq4, Muhmmad Islam5 and Zahid Ullah Khan1 

... been made by successive government in Pakistan to pass benefits to the farmers by reducing input prices through reduction in GST, providing cash subsidy and supplying inexpensive feed gas for fertilizer industry. Currently, cash subsidy on urea is costing Rs. 12 billion to national exchequer and total tax relief (all products inclusive) costing around Rs. 40 billion to the national exchequer, respectively. Thus, total financial implication of subsidy and tax ...

Aneel Salman1, Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Muhammad Ashfaq2, Mudassar Rashid1 and Usman Shakoor1 

...tion, role of media, and government policies that can affect farmers’ choices to adopt climate resilient farming practices.  

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Neelum Andaleeb1*, Munir Khan1, Syed Attaullah Shah1 and Rahmat Ullah2 

... should be recognized in government plans and policies. Non-government organization, working for rural development, should be involved in provision of credit and livestock training facilities to rural women and encourage them to participate in livestock production and management. Access to credit will empower women in making pertinent livestock management decisions. Success of livestock venture will support rural economy and...
Mujahid Niaz Akhtar* and Amjad Farooq
...cultivated cotton crops (government approved varieties) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Data was collected after ten days of interval during crop season from 2014 to 2016 randomly. Significant Correlations coefficients were observed which can be used for effective pest control program to predict predator prey ratio.
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Sonia1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai1*, Noor Paio Khan2, Abbas Ullah Jan1 and Gulnaz Hameed3 

...ch study recommends that government and concerned policy-makers may give due attention to construct the climate change policy for climate change adaptation strategies and provide heat resistant wheat crop varieties to the farming community.  

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Farhan, Shahid Ali* and Syed Attaullah Shah 

.... It is recommended that government needs to set and declare increased procurement price of wheat prior to sowing season. This in response will lead to more supply, employment and profit. Wheat growers need to be facilitated with subsidized prices of fertilizer to encourage its application that will raise output and profit of wheat growers. Trainings of wheat growers for optimal application of inputs for wheat crop be arranged at regular intervals by concerned...
Khalid Khan1, Saima Liaqat2*, Somaiya Rasheed1 and Ihsanullah Kakar3
...refore, it is urged that government should make veterinary services available to the farmers at their door steps to improve their income, livelihood and standard of life. Moreover, this can be one of a feasible solution to the problems of poverty, malnourishment and starvation in backward and undeveloped areas like Lasbela.
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Tanweer Ahmed*, Kashif Saeed Khan and Mohammad Naeem 

...to analyse the impact of government spending on agricultural growth in Pakistan. The relationship among agriculture value added per worker and public spending on education, health, road length, the number of tube wells in the agriculture sector, improved seed distribution has been estimated through various econometric approaches in the study. Pakistan’s agriculture growth has registered mixed trends from 1972 to 2014. Empirical evidence from developing c...

Tariq Shah1*, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad3 

... and their linkages with government as well private sector for livestock improvement in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. A total of 480 respondents from four districts, namely Swat, Mardan, Abbotabad and Dera Ismail Khan were randomly selected for interview purpose. Descriptive statistical techniques along with independent sample t-test and dummy variable regression were used for analysis. It is observed during the study that livestock extension department an...

Mehran Ahmad, Syed Attaullah Shah and Shahid Ali* 

...he study recommends that government may provide subsidized inputs and interest free production credit to poor farmers for purchase of chemical fertilizers for optimal utilization of these inputs.

...
Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology
Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology

Umar Hayat1*, Tariq Shah1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad

...owth of the economy. The government needs to allocate more funds for institutional credit, encourage agro-based industries, use of updated technology in the agriculture sector, provide advanced techniques to livestock-related farmers and to promote agricultural exports for foreign exchange earnings to achieve the ultimate goal of agricultural growth in Pakistan.

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Ayub Khan* and Ghaffar Ali 

...flood water. Programs at government and society level are required to control soil erosion. The objectives of this study are to seek the farm household willingness to pay (WTP) for forestation based soil conservation program on communal land in the Northern Area of Pakistan. Open-ended format of CVM is used for the elicitation of respondents’ WTP. For this purpose, a contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to elicit households WTP. A sample of 109 hou...
Zakirullah1, Hamayun Khan1, Ali Gohar2, Haq Amanullah1,*, Muhammad Younas1, Muhammad Tarique Tunio3, Muhammad Saleem Khan4, Ibrar Muhammad Khan1 and Noushad Khan5 

Muhammad Waqas, Shahid Ali*, Syed Attaullah Shah and Ghaffar Ali 

.... It is recommended that government needs to devise appropriate policies about unirrigated land and use different methods to make it arable for wheat production. Government also needs to make large reservoirs in unirrigated areas in order to store rainfall water for irrigation of unirrigated land for higher wheat production.

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Muhammad Saleem Hanif1, Khalid Javed Iqbal1,*, Arshad Javid3, Noor Khan2, Irfan4, Hamid Majeed5, Muhammad Altaf3
...elying on loans from non-government sources.It is concluded that fishing is a profitable business but with educating the fishermen especially in fish handling could improve their status of living as well as in generating brilliant mind towards global economy. 
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Saleh S. Alhewairini
... gained the attention of government as well as private concerns. In this study, the toxicity of acetamiprid and sulfoxaflor on RPW was evaluated under laboratory conditions. RPW (larvae and adult) showed high susceptibility to both acetamiprid and sulfoxaflor. In addition, both insecticides had significant effect on the mortality of RPW (larvae and adult) except the pupal stage under laboratory conditions. After direct spray application of the recommended dose...

Saleem Ashraf1, Raheel Saqib2*, Zakaria Yousuf Hassan3, Muhammad Luqman4 and Abdur Rehman5  

... through legislation and government should develop systematic marketing channels and support to develop fruits industry or value addition. 

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Saba1, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Waqar Khalid2* and Saifullah Khan

...n federal and provincial government plans and agricultural policy formulations. The study also recommends that the provision of agriculture credit facilities and livestock training facilities to women farmers could stimulate their involvement in livestock practices and anticipates the decision-making power in livestock management practices. 

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Mahfooz Khan* and Himayatullah Khan 

...udy recommended that the government should provide natural gas in rural areas of Peshawar. Sample farm households facing problem regarding severe shortage of natural gas in the study area. So the concerned departments should take remedial measure to address the concerns needs of the rural people. 

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Meriem Msaad Guerfali1,*, Heitham Hamden1, Salma Fadhl1, Wafa Djobbi1, Lotfi Sillini1, Wafa Marzouki1 and Mohammed Ammar2
...e residues in fruit, the government is trying to introduce the application of spinosad that was also reported to cause resistance under extensive use. The aim of this work was to monitor the susceptibility to malathion after prolonged use in wild caught tunisian Ceratitis as well as to spinosad after a survey carried out with farmers and to give precise informations a...

Arjumand Nizami1, Muhammad Zulfiqar2*, Jawad Ali1, Naushad Khan2 and Imran Sheikh

...huge investment from the government but AWD technology is yet to get its place in government priority. It is therefore recommended that AWD technology should be up-scaled to address water constraints in agriculture sector. 

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Muhammad Shakeel1,2*, Salik Nawaz2, Yasar Saleem3, Shazia Shafique2, Ateeq Tahir2 and Muhammad Riaz2

...ng growers. But it needs government and media assistance for creating awareness for its health benefits and crop production technology. 

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Umar Hayat1, Khalid Khan2, Saima Liaqat3 and Guo Xiangyu4* 

... it is proposed that the government should introduce precise programs for the upgradation of water systems, farmers’ training, input, and credit accessibility to enhance spur rice productivity. 

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Ahmad Kiani1*, Shapour Zarifian1, Hosein Kouhestani1 and Hosein Karimzadeh

...shing; Accordingly, both governmental and non-governmental organizations could take part to improve industrial sector. Moreover, the output of research shows some geographical factors like climate and geology have the least importance as to development and establishment of industries in the rural areas, and they are not paramount obstacle to be dealt with in order to contribute rural industrialization. 

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Arshad Farooq1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan2, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq3 and Asif Nawaz

...The study suggested that government should provide proper education facilities to the farming community for reducing illiteracy. Agricultural extension department should provide training and special information about sugarcane recommended management practices in the research area. 

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Ghani Akbar 

... in this region. Lack of government spending and less available research facilities are considered the main hindrance in agricultural development in this region. Therefore, this review study was focussed on identification of strategies for the conservation of natural resources, improvement of crops, horticulture, livestock, postharvest management and farm operation sectors in Malakand division. The study illustrated the potential for agricultural improvement, ...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1 and Onyemocho Audu2 

...ny years of inertia from government and stakeholders. Treatment of chronic HCV infection has the potential to influence the 2030 elimination target due to the increasing availability of effective pangenotypic antiviral DAAs. Understanding the extent of HCV genetic diversity is important for treatment and development of vaccine. Among the routes of HCV transmission; intravenous drug addiction or injection drug use accounts for the majority of many cases apart f...

Muhammad Raheel Faiz1, Ijaz Ashraf1, Haq Nawaz2, Muhammad Zubair3*, Muhammad Sajid Mahmood4, Sajid Hussain5 and Abdul Qadeer2 

... This indicated that the government should launch small credit schemes and should provide better marketing facilities to the farmers to ensure the sustainable production of vegetables in this area. 

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Khalid Khan1, Marguerite Wotto2, Saima Liaqat3, Gulawar Khan1, Balach Rasheed1, Sara Rafiq4 and Guo Xiangyu5* 

...tudy recommends that the government should launch both formal and informal training programs for the farmers to enhance the productivity.  

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 Salman Khan, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali and Murtaza

...he study recommends that government should subsidize the inputs and arrange trainings for potato growers regarding use of recommended chemical fertilizer and efficient utilization of seed, labor and other inputs to accelerate potato production and thereby profit of farmers.

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Muhammad Qasim Khan1, Syed Athar Masood1 

PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC SECTOR AUTOMOBILE REBUILD ORGANIZATION
...ions are administered by government rules and procedures unlike private sector organizations
which are driven solely on profitability factor. Therefore, conventional productivity improvement models are
as such not fully applicable to public sector rebuild organizations. In this context, data of a public sector automobile
rebuild organization has been collected. Total and partial productivities of the organization have been measured and

Waqas Anwar, Iftikhar Hussain 

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY

Waqas Anwar, Iftikhar Hussain 

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY

Muhammad Naveed Anjum1, Abdur Rehman1*, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan1, Raheel Saqib2, Mohammad Fayaz3 and Iqbal Javed4

Impact of Microfinance on Socioeconomic Status of Farmers in District Dera Ismail Khan
...children were moved from government to private schools. Moreover, the parents whose children were not getting their education from the educational institutions due to their financial crisis and issues, now the parents sent their children to the educational institutions. 85.1% farmers replied that there is significant enhancement in the family living standard due to microfinance facility in the research area. It was also discussed that constraints experienced b...

Waqas Anwar1*, Iftikhar Hussain1

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY

Fazli Rabbi1*, Muhammad Idrees2, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Zamin3 and Hazrat Bilal4

Farmers Perceptions and Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Peach (Prunus persica L.) Production and Marketing
... is recommended that the government shall devise strategies for provision of ICTs. It is further recommended that peach farmers shall be trained using the governments’ digital initiative program to build farmers capacity about the use of the ICTs in agriculture practices and marketing.

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Syed Mufeed Hadi Naqvi1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui1, Waqar-Ul-Hassan Tareen1, Muhammad Ameer Qarib Naqvi2 and Naseeb Hussain3

Usage of Mobile Phone by Vegetable Growers and its Impact on Vegetable Production
...The study recommend that government should plan capacity building programme for the vegetable growers with the collaboration of telecommunication agencies about the applications of mobile handset that will help the grower to increase their production. There is a need to provide trainings to the vegetable growers about using of mobile phone for obtaining reliable and authentic information about vegetables producing for enhanced production.

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Oluwatoyin Olagunju1* and Luqman Abiodun Akinbile2

Farmers Perceptions of the Effect of Rural Transportation Systems on Farming Income in Ondo State, Nigeria
...ies across the two local governments in the study area using a two-stage random sampling technique. Data used for the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The study revealed that farmers perceived the quality of transportation system causes a reduction in their income. Gender (χ2=6.472) and marital status (χ2=9.745) positively influenced income gene...

Muhammad Yaseen1*, Syed Amir Zia Abid1, Muhammad Luqman1, Syed Wasim Hasan2, Muhammad Aqeel Pitafi3, Muhammad Tariq Chaudhry4 and Muhammad Ameen5

Training Needs Assessment of Training Professionals Working in Agricultural Training Institutes in Punjab, Pakistan
...d 2.72 respectively. The government should provide training opportunities for professionals related to agriculture and training processes at national and international level.

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Murtaza, Shahid Ali*, Syed Attaullah Shah, Mehran Ahmad, Irfan Ullah and Jahangir Khan
Adoption of Hybrid Maize Technology in District Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...tudy recommends that the government should facilitate farmers with the subsidized prices of hybrid maize technology and provide them both the informal and formal education considering it as their basic necessity and right.

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Inam Ullah1, Mahfooz Khan2*, Munir Khan2, Himayatullah Khan2 and Azra3

Factors Affecting Different Wheat Varieties Yield in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis
...ed amount of inputs. The government should also provide inputs on subsidized rates and make irrigation water available through initiating different projects.

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Yasir Arafat1*, Syeda Nabahat2, Hafiz Ullah3, Afaq Ali Muluk4 and Azra5

An Analysis of Energy Supply and Oil Price Shocks on Agricultural Productivity of Pakistan
...egatively. Consequently, government should provide electricity and oil in subsidized rates to the farmers at the time of cultivation and irrigation.

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Shahzad Khan*, Munir Khan, Inayatullah Jan, Mahfooz Khan and Fida Muhammad Khan

Determinants of Sugarcane Yield in District Charsadda, Pakistan
Ateeq Ahmad1, Umar Hayat2, Shahid Ali2*, Hazrat Bilal3, Naveed Ali2, Khan Mir Khan4 and Khalid Khan4
Descriptive Analysis of Water Resources in Pakistan: A Perspective of Climate Change
...ious in the country. The government may formulate long term and short term climatic risk strategies to analyze the existing and future effects due to climate change. To avoid water shortage in the country construction of new dames are necessary for future requirement of the country.

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Nadeem Abbas Shah1*, Ejaz Ashraf1, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Zaheer ud Din Mirani3, Usman Rafique1 and Raees Abbas Shah4

Assessing Perceptions of the Households-heads Regarding Food Security Status in Drought-hit Areas of District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan: A Case Study for Agricultural Extension
.... It is recommended that government should focus on education, employment opportunities, development of natural resources for producing food secure crops and start awareness movements among the inhabitants of Tharparkar to revitalize the status of food security in the study area.

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Sajad Ali1*, Naeem Ur Rehman Khatak1, Iftikhar Ahmad2, Jangraiz Khan3 and Azra4
Impact of Socioeconomic Factors and farm Size on Wheat Productivity: A Case Study of District Peshawar, Pakistan
...on, it is suggested that government and private sector should initiate programs to educate and train the farmers in order to bring advance techniques or improve theirconventional agriculture practices to increase wheat productivity.

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Muhammad Yaseen1*, Xu Shiwei2, Yu Wen2, Ejaz Ashraf1, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Ameen3 and Sadia Hassan4
Farmers Behavior to Participate in Public Sector Agricultural Extension Services: Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and China

Mehnaz Safdar and Urooba Pervaiz*

Constraints in Accessing Agricultural Extension Services by Rural Women: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Sajid Khan* and Shahnaz Akhtar

Effect of Farm Labor Transformation on Households Income in Central Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...he study recommends that government and/or non-governmental organizations may provide off-farm employment opportunities by launching cottage industries in rural areas and by providing technical training to farmers for the dissemination of the latest technology and skill enhancement for growing various crops and vegetables to enhance agriculture and rural development.

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 Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2*, Yonis Abukar Mohamed3, Pravin Mishra4 and Osman Sheikh Ali Jama5

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Population Towards Brucellosis in Benadir Region, Somalia
...e workers and respective government bodies must take action to increase the level of awareness and considerate by providing programs or any other technique that can be helpful.

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Sanaullah1*, Abdul Basit2 and Inayat Ullah3

Challenges and Prospects of Farm Mechanization in Pakistan: A Case Study of Rural Farmers in District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...n councils of provincial government Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar. The accumulated data were analysed using mean and standard deviation with an acceptance mean value of ≥3.00 and estimating logit model. Socio demographic features revealed that majority (52%) were in middle age group of 41-50 years, 64% were literate, while 68% respondents had farming as their income source and land owners were 64% with small landholding (46%). The study exposed that illiterac...

Chibuzo Uzoma Izuogu1*, Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke1, Loveday Chukwudi Njoku1, Gillian Chidozie Azuamairo1 and Mary Chikerenma Atasie2

 

Repositioning Nigeria’s Agricultural Extension System Towards Building Climate Change Resilience
...as well as ensuring that government and other agencies are kept abreast with farmer’s feedback on their challenges in building climate change resilience.

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Mashal Malik and Mudassar Nawaz Khan*
 
... of farmers interest and government attention. Soybean lines; B24G14, B23G5, B20G16, B21G2, B21G9, B6G23, B23G16 and B29G11 were grown for one month and analyzed for morphological and molecular variations. In order to analyze genetic variations, Single sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used. The line B20G16 showed the highest morphological growth parameters of plant height, total number of leaves, leaf width, leaf l...

Dabesa Wegari and Fikiru Temesgen Gelata*

 

 

...retailers, consumers and governmental and non-governmental institutions. The core functions of the chain actors were input supply, production, marketing/trading, processing, retailing and consumption of the product.Therefore, the required recommendations were creating strong horizontal and vertical linkages/relationships between the chain actors and on mutually beneficial actions for the smallholder farmers.

...
Grace Okongor, Chukwudi Njoku*, Pauline Essoka and Joel Efiong
Muhammad Tariq Chaudhary1, Saleem Ashraf 2, Muhammad Yaseen3 and Muhammad Luqman3
 
 
Sana* and Abbas Ullah Jan
 
...pan>increasing number of government schools in rural areas. Traditional agriculture is labourintensive, provision of interest-free formal credit for the adoption of modern technologies could reduce demand for labour.
...

Muhammad Yaseen1, Xu Shiwei2, Yu Wen2, Muhammad Luqman1*, Raheel Saqib3, Muhammad Ameen4, Sadia Hassan5 and Tahir Munir Butt6

...l extension field staff (government) to acquire agricultural information. The government of China should start some educational interventions for farmers to improve their educational level so that the farming community could utilize multiple information sources for crop productivity.

...
Ahmad Abrar Khan* and Muhammad Idrees
...tion in criteria for the government’s establishment orchard and non-government agriculture departments/agencies.
...
Umair Riaz1*, Shazia Iqbal2, Muhammad Irfan Sohail2, Tayyaba Samreen2, Muhammad Ashraf1, Fatima Akmal2, Ayesha Siddiqui3, Ijaz Ahmad4, Muhammad Naveed5, Naveed Iqbal Khan5 and Rao Masood Akhter6
...scapes if facilitated by governments especially in the rural areas of low-income Asian and African countries.
...

Faheem Aslam1,*, Aneel Salman2, Inayatullah Jan3 and Sarah Siddiq Aneel4

...er-intensive crops. Both governments can learn from each other and update their respective water policies in the light of these quantitative findings. 

 

...

Chala Hailu Hussen and Fikiru Temesgen Geleta

...can be expected from the government by augmentation of stakeholder coordination to aspire to agribusiness growth.

...

Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Imran Khatri1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Arfan Ahmed Gilal1

...ver, the researchers and government organizations should provide the biological agents and convince the farmers to use IPM methods for healthy vegetable with high yield.

...

Summara Abbasi* and Khalid Nawab

...at different levels. The government should provide credit facilities to the farmers in consideration of their socio-economic conditions.

...
Assefa Tessema Tecklie1*, Abebe Getahun Gubale1, Seyoum Mengistou Yilma1, Tadesse Fetahi Hailu1 and Eshete Dejen Diresilign2
...the federal and regional governments should be implemented through application of community-based fishery management system.
...

Shahzad Khan1*, Munir Khan1, Arif Alam2, Ikram Shah2, Mahfooz Khan1 and Fida Muhammad Khan1

Ahmed F. Afify1, Mohamed A. Shalaby2, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2 and Amal S. Gaber1

...ples were collected from governmental and private studs of Arabian horses
and also foreign horse breeds, including 540 serum samples, among these, 4 EDTAblood
and 4 semen samples. Serologically, indirect ELISA was performed on 540
serum samples. 130 samples were clearly strong positive at a percentage of 24%.
Molecular detection of EAV genome was performed only on 8 selected semen and
EDTA-blood sampl...
Ruqayya Bint Khalid1, Asif Nadeem1,2*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir3 and Masroor Ellahi Babar4
Sahar Mubashar*, Tariq Mukhtar and Nasir Ahmad Khan
... medical facilities. the government has to get testing kits and primers from other countries. Only few quarantine centers are available and there is shortage of drugs, beds, trained doctors and paramedical staff. Unfortunately, no vaccine is available yet so the only management strategy is the prevention of infection by wearing masks and following social distancing. Cleanliness, hygiene and quarantine measures are the key to stop any epidemic to pandemic and i...

Mian Ibad Ali Shah*, Yasir Saleem Afridi and Laiq Hasan

...ameters (like new tests, government implemented lockdown index, etc.) on the new/ active COVID-19 cases, so policies can be devised accordingly to control the spread of the disease. The data was first converted into summary numbers, followed by carrying out the statistical analysis that yielded meaningful results. Descriptive analysis in particular performs best to achieve this strategy. Descriptive analysis comprising of various methods and factors have been ...

Reema Zia* and Noor Paio Khan

...itical economy, to gauge government intervention in Pakistan’s rice sector and draw policy implications for possible adjustments in policies and future strategy. The quantitative analyses of PSE and SRP reveals overall transfers from rice producers to society. The analysis depicts Pakistan’s stronger position towards WTO trade liberalization in the rice sector. Pakistan would not need to change any of its policies and would benefit from trade liber...

Rupinder Kaur1,2*, Pretty Bhalla3, Jubin Kumar Saini4 and Sayeeduzzafar Qazi5

...ociated with the role of government agricultural extension officials, which is one of the most important components of the entire agricultural system. The purpose of this exploratory study is to fill this gap with the identification of potential work stressors for this profession. The paper also aims to investigate whether employment type (permanent or temporary) affects the level of role stress among agricultural extension officials. The role of gender, age ...

Hina Afzal*, Sarfraz Hassan, Muhammad Khalid Bashir and Asghar Ali 

...oductivity growth by the government. The farmers’ level of education makes a significant contribution to TFP development. It is concluded that education funding be increased for the farmers to accelerate TFP growth in Pakistan.

...
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Mohammad Nafees2, Tooba Saeed3, Khaliq Ur Rahman4 and Adila Bashir2
 
... industries and relevant government departments were interviewed. The solid waste generation rate for the operating industries was 125,481 kg/ day. Only 33% of the waste generated is reused, and 26% is sold to the community at low cost. About 41% solid waste is thrown away as waste. Fifty percent of discarded waste (41%) is properly collected and disposed of. These wastes include wood (27%), paper (20%), glass/ceramics (16%), metals (16%), plastics (11%), rubb...

Muhammad Yaseen*, Muhammad Adnan, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Umer Mehmood

...S.D. value of 0.522. The government should give loans to youth for establishing their agriculture business ranked at 1st with a mean value of 4.72 for youth priorities in agricultural activities. Results of this study would be helpful for public and private sector institutions working for youth engagements to encourage rural youth participation in agricultural activities.

...

Junaid Ahmad1, Shahzeb Javed2*, Mehmood Khan1, Shadman1, Muhammad Farooq3*, Muhammad Saleem4, Rahila Afzal5, Muhammad Aasim6, Naqeeb Ullah7, Muhammad Noman Khan8, Dawood8 and Naila Ilyas9

...tudy was done among 1000 government and private university students in KPK, Pakistan, using a self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire with a total of 26 questions. Self-administered survey forms were used to collect data from several disciplines. Every correct and incorrect response was given a score of yes or no in order to assess the knowledge. For the purposes of assessing Attitude and Practice, each correct response received a score of (yes), a neutral...

Saadu Mustapha1,2, Norsida Man1*,  Jasmin Arif Shah1, Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman1 and Ahmadu Abubakar Tafida3

...he study recommends that government for support the extension organizations with the most commonly used ICT components, ensure adequate awareness and access to ICT’s.  The government support and interest will motivate the extension agents to adopt ICT’s tools and technology in extension service delivery.

...

Arshad Farooq1, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Asif Nawaz3*, Iltaf Ullah4 and Hidayatullah5

...uction technologies. The government and private organizations should arrange trainings and awareness programs regarding climate change to overcome the effect on agriculture. 

...

Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Chinedu Ifeanyi Atama*, Fejiokwu Esther Chioma, Ifeanyi O Aguzie, Godwin I Ngwu and Christopher Didigwu Nwani

Shumaila Nazir1, Iqbal Javed1, Muhammad Luqman2* and Azra3

...he involvement of strong government pricing policies to make Mandarin more competitive on world markets. The issue of Pakistan’s low export-to-production ratio needs to be addressed. It is proposed that Pakistan seek to improve the environment of exports with countries close to Pakistan and its neighbors. Policymakers should address the problems of Kinnow export and formulate policies. 

...

Ndumiso Malusi1, Andrew Bamidele Falowo2, Yiseyon Sunday Hosu3,4, Emrobowansan Monday Idamokoro3,4* 

...ge, there is need by the government and other vital stakeholders to tackle the prevailing challenges faced by cattle farmers. This can be achieved by adopting workable initiatives that will promote best farming practices in rural communities with the view of utilizing locally adapted cattle breeds to boost cattle production.

Keywords | Cattle farming, Local farmers, Prevailing challenges, Production initiatives, Commercialization  

...

Naila Shahzadi1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Shaukat Ali1, Muhammad Farooq Bhatti2, Azizullah1, Shafaat Yar Khan3, Abdul Khaliq4

Magdy M. Fahmy1, Nisreen E. Mahmoud 1*, Mohamed R. Mousa2, Manal M. Zaki3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mai Abuowarda1 

...were taking place by the government in the lake. Additionally, the bio security strategies should be applied in fish farms, also the dependency of farmers on fish seeds for farm stocking from natural open water instead of the hatcheries should be avoided to prevent the entrance of parasites and other undesirable organisms from open seas to the lake and corresponding fish farms. This study is the first to investigate the prevalence of parasite infestation ...

Bridget Adah1*, Clara Kwanashie2, Haruna Kazeem2 and Samuel Mailafia1

Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan3 and Asif Nawaz3*

Asim Zubair1*, Iffat Batool2 and Ghulam Akbar Malik3

...search was to see if non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are having a good impact on Pakistan’s agriculture industry. The study used simple random sampling procedures to select 160 respondents as the study’s sample. The questionnaire was utilized by the researchers to gather data. Statistical analysis was done to see the either NGOs were playing their best role in Agricultural Sector or not. To examine the research hypothesis, a chi square test w...

Syed Muhammad Amir1*, Shehzad Khan2, Asif Ali Abro3, Ehsan Inamullah4 and Tahir Mehmood5

... of biogas technology by governmental and non-governmental organizations. This study focuses on the rate of successful adoption of bio gas technology and its multiple impacts on 113 farming households in two purposively selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (i.e. district Mardan and Dera Ismail Khan). Based on the descriptive nature of the study, quantitative approach was used with the help of a predesigned quest...

Madiha Khalil1, Amjad Farooq1, Asim Faraz2*, Abdul Waheed2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Riaz Hussain Mirza2 and Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2

...cows were collected from government livestock farms located at Quetta. Data obtained on calving from 608 cows during last sixteen years (2000-2016) were analyzed. After editing the data for consistency and errors it was subjected to statistical analysis using fixed effect models. Independent variables were year of birth, season of birth, year of calving, season of calving and parity. Age of animal (linear and quadratic effects) and lactation period were fitted...

Ochieng Onunga George*, Owuor Ndonga Millicent Florence, Mario Kollenberg  

...e results can be used by government authorities such as National Environmental Management Authority and researchers.

Keywords | Abattoirs, Abattoir wastes, Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites 

...

Auzair Javaid Butt, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai and Jahangir Khan

...indings recommended that government must focus on establishing markets at village level, by minimizing the role of intermediaries which will help farmers to generate more profit.

...

Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza2, Waqas Ahmad1, Nargis Bibi3, Aftab Khan2 and Jahangir Khan

...d farming experience, so government is recommended to facilitate farmers with formal as well as informal education and proper trainings regarding rice farming for efficient utilization of available resources.

...

Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Nigah Hussain1 and Nasim Akhter2

...therefore suggested that government may focus on fixing minimum ceiling limit on ancestral land transfer and more emphasis will be given on capacity building of farmers for improving agriculture labor supply in rural agriculture labor market.

...

Olufemi Bolarin, Sijuade Adebukola Adebayo and Sola Emmanuel Komolafe*

...he study recommends that government in collaboration with development agencies should intensify effort in creating awareness to farmers on the several ways of building resilience to mitigate the menace of negative influence of climate change.
...

Onwusiribe Ndubuisi Chigozirim*, Okpokiri Chibuzo Ikechukwu, Agu-Aguiyi Fortune Nneka and Oteh Ogbonnaya Ukeh

... study suggests that the government take a multi-stakeholder approach to addressing climate change, including the private sector and communities, as well as improving extension services’ capacity to educate farmers.

...

Hafiz Qaisar Yasin1*, Dora Marinova2 and Muhammad Naveed Tahir3

...water charge rate by the government has to be linked with farmers’ overall economic returns from crop production along with ensured irrigation supply and reliable service delivery.

...

Naheed Zahra1*, Saira Batool1, Mubbashira Nazir1, Ghulam Akbar Malik2 and Iffat Batool3

...of women in farming, the government should take steps to encourage them by providing trainings. The government level training will increase female farmers’ level of involvement and productive capacity in agricultural and livestock management. It was suggested that at the household level, kitchen gardening program should be introduced which will improve their livelihood more effectively.

...

Ejaz Ul Haq, Urooba Pervaiz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan and Ayesha Khan

Ghulam Qadar* and Khalid Nawab

...ectly or indirectly. The government of AJandK has started agricultural education program for the students at the school level. The current study was carried out to examine and evaluate agriculture teachers’ competencies levels that are teaching agriculture subject at school level in different parts of the state. For this purpose, 250 agriculture teachers were selected from ten districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir by using sampling technique and well-struc...

Hasnain Raza1*, Tanveer-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Imran1, Nabeel Ahmad Ikram2 and Muhammad Bilal Shoukat1

...the whole ecosystem. The government should monitor the industries’ wastewater disposal according to the nation’s effluent standards, and make wastewater treatment plants for the elimination of hazardous contaminants.

...

Adefunke Fadilat O. Ayinde1*, Peter Allison Johnston2, Olanrewaju Olusoji Olujimi3, Purnamita  Dasgupta4 and Dare  Akerele5

...lopment goals. The State governments should reintroduce the highly adaptable and high yielding TMS 30572 (an improved cassava variety) to farmers, given its inherent capability to withstand cassava mosaic virus disease, extreme weather conditions, and its long gestation period. Government of both states should provide infrastructure support to improve the cassava-based farmers’ adaptive capabilities to climate variabil...

Sanwal Masood1, Dildar Ahmed2, Silvia Machado1 and Sohaib Aslam1*

...ng of such activities by government departments is the deer need for conserving the quality of drinking water of this mega city.

...

Olatokunbo Hammed Osinowo1*, Maria Gbemisola Ogunnaike1 and Esther Toluwatope Tolorunju

...day, farm mechanization, government agricultural expenditure, irrigation, human capital, and telecommunications technology. The results of this study show that, despite an increasing trend in agricultural technology improvements, poverty is still a regional problem in West Africa. It was noted that the value added by agriculture (as a percentage of GDP) was increasing at a decreasing rate. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that West Africa’s high ra...

Monis Hussain Shah1*, Rizwan Rafique2,6, Munawar Almas1, Muhammad Usman3, Sadia Yasin4 and Sajida Bibi5

...ould be supported by the government incentives for specific fruit production. Research according to the modern steps regarding plant protection measures, introduction of exotic varieties and use of Biotechnological tools for crop improvement should be adopted for better yield and production.

...

Farah Naz1*, Asad Umair2 and Ghazala Noureen3

...ar and anxiety built up, governments around the world responded to the pandemic by imposing long, nationwide lockdowns in an attempt to “flatten the curve”-a term that refers slowing down the spread of the disease in order to prevent healthcare facilities from being overwhelmed by too many new patients. However, lockdowns and related strategies designed to minimize the spread of the pandemic, like early detection, isolation of confirmed cases, and ...

Faisal Khurshid1*, Asad Ullah1 and Sana Manan2

...f market information and government subsidies to boost their motivational level and let them persuade a favourable attitude towards agricultural innovations. Awareness raising among farmers for efficient use of ICTs for accessing innovation technological and encasing subsidies hired by the government alongside other information updates were the main recommendation in light of the study.

...

Urooj Shakoor* and Syed Attaullah Shah

.... These findings suggest government intervention in housing and health sectors. The current ‘Naya Pakistan Housing Program (NPHP)’ is well targeted and needs to be extended to the rural areas, where poor people are deprived of standard housing facilities. The ‘Sehat Insaaf Program’ of health insurance is very inspiring; however, its domain for vide range of health treatments and its validity in private hospitals may be authorized.

...

C. C. Famina1†, A. Usman2 and M. K. M. Nasser1

Hendro Prasetyo1*, Diah Karmiyati2, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Ahmad Fauzi2, Trias Agung Pakarti1,3, Mardiana Sri Susanti4, Waris Ali Khan5, Leila Neimane6,7 and Maizirwan Mel8,9

...ext-align: justify;">The government has been launching agricultural programs by producing rice of certain superior cultivars to achieve rice self-sufficiency and sustainability and bundling them with beneficial policies. However, quite a large number of rice farmers continue to grow local rice variants. This study aims to identify, analyze, and describe farmers’ attitude and behavior. A survey was employed for quantitative data gathering and an interview...

Sajid Mehmood Shahzad

... multiplies. The federal government did not maximize the utilization of its land, sea, and air assets. The reason for this is the persistent issues with the trade and payments balance and inflation, unemployment, and program inconsistency. This is one area where the maritime sector has been a quarry for years. Contrary to the maritime transportation industry, fisheries are the only coastal resource used nowadays. The maritime sector of Pakistan’s economy...

Muhammad Sohail1* , Zubair Ali1, Hamidullah1, Yasir Amin1, Mehwish Malik1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah2 

...boration with Australian government. Most of the area of the LES comprised of hilly terrain, where 1195 mm rainfall observed throughout the year. The animals of the LES Jaba are sent for grazing on the pasture with naturally grown at evening stall feeding is also practiced. It was observed from the data obtained that in sheep mixed infections were very common (30.4%) followed by Strongylus (21.6%), Eimeria spps. (15.5%) and Haemonchus (2.5%). Likewise, mixed i...

Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Luqman1*, Sheer Abbas2, Usman Saleem1, Abdul-Gafar Ahmed3 and Muhammad Salman Aslam1

... strategies, private and government institutional support and efforts, national adaption policies and strategies are also surveyed at different scale.

...

Muhammad Ahsan Riaz1, Ayesha Riaz2, Muhammad Asif Mahmood3, Muhammad Uzair Mukhtar3*, Zaib Un Nisa1, Beenish Ijaz4 and Muhammad Shahid Rasool5

Asim Faraz1, Amal AlKharusi2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel4, Syeda Maryam Hussain5, Abdul Waheed1*, Muhammad Arslan Akbar6

Fatimah Mohammed Alsarawi1*, Azharia Abdelbagi Elbushra1,2 and Ishtiag Faroug Abdalla1,3

... putting a burden on the government import bills. The purpose of this research was to analyze the performance of food security indicators of poultry meat during the period 2005-2020 in Saudi Arabia. In addition, it assessed the relationship between poultry meat consumption and macroeconomic indicators during the period 1980-2020. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag model was employed to estimate the short-run and long-run relationships between domestic consumpt...

Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Kashif Afzal2, Muhammad Luqman1*, Tahir Munir Butt3, Muhammad Yaseen1 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1

Abdul Hassan1*, Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Ghulam Sadiq2 and Asif Nawaz3

Md. Saiful Islam Siddiqui1*, Sharmin Akter2 and Mohd. Riajul Islam2 

... of antibiotics from any government and non-government organization were observed during the study period. It is concluded that, misuse and haphazard use of antibiotics is the normal feature at broiler farms in the study area of Bangladesh, which plays a major role in the egress public health crisis of ABR. Therefore, regulative authorities must take deligent steps to control the uses of antibiotics in broiler industries, to...

Ahmad Noor and Malik Muhammad Shafi*

... bring together relevant government departments, knowledge institutions, stakeholders and political leadership to an attractive option of climate change adaptation for groundwater resources preservation at district Karak.

...

Satya Fahriani1, Hadri Latif2*, Herwin Pisestyani2, Zhang Shuqi3, Suyanto Chen3

...ethod. Indonesia’s government does not have data on the effect of retorts on the safety and quality of EBN. This study aimed to examine the nitrite level and rehydration capacity of EBN after undergoing a retort process. The samples were 24 raw uncleaned white EBN from 4 swiftlet farmhouses (SFHs) collected using purposive sampling. Two SFH from Sanggau District, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Two SFH from Pekanbaru City, Riau, Indonesia. 12 pieces...

Irtaza Hussain1, Muti ur Rehman Khan1*, Asim Aslam1, Masood Rabbani2 and Ahsan Anjum1

...so provide guidelines to government officials about the prevention and control of the disease.

...

Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan2, Karim Gabol2*, Muhammad Awais3,4, Mohammad Ismail1, Sajid Mahmood1, Muhammad Aslam4 and Hamidullah5

...and illegal trading. The government wildlife department is less equipped to tackle the hunters in the area. We outline a strategic plan for conservation of birds, other wild animals and their habitats.

...

Ming Wang1, Nan Yang2, Xiaolin Zhang2 and Wei Liu1*

...en to participate in the government-organized rodent control, open-ended and closed-ended combined questionnaires were executed in the summer of 2020 for investigating the consciousness of deratization and the factors influencing the herdsmen. The age of the respondents ranged between 18 and 73, and 261 valid questionnaires were collected. The results demonstrated that the herdsmen who agreed with deratization were between 31–40 years old (71.70%), posse...

Nwafili Sylvanus Anene, Ibinabo Jessica

Fatimah A. Al-Saeed 

...est from researchers and governments. Globally, the environment is suffering from the increased rates of pollution that seriously threaten the stability of the ecosystem and living organisms. Currently, the environment is increasingly exposed to chemical pollutants, including heavy metals, which affect humans, animals and plants. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal known as a toxic factor to humans, animals and plants. Saudi Arabia is enriched with medicinal plants ...

Rokhani Rokhani1, Amam Amam2*, Mochammad Wildan Jadmiko2, Dhimas Yusantoro2

Moazzam Baig*, Sohaib Ahmed and Arz Muhammad Umrani

...nd reports show that the government has made a little advancement in the area’s growth in a few successive years. They don’t have any clear guidelines for protecting the forest in the Sherani district. The people are using the forest resource to meet their energy needs due to lack of facilities. People keep a large number of livestock that are grazed year-round on forest and range terrain. These animals harm the local regeneration as well as the lo...

Tevina Edwin, Arfa’i*, Olivio Dickresna

...ulation. The role of the government is needed to overcome the problems by distributing knowledge about good husbandry systems, providing capital to increase the scale of breeders’ businesses, providing good facilities and infrastructure for breeding in the Luak Sub-district. Farmers must focus more on their livestock business and increasing livestock productivity.
 
Keywords | Beef Cattle, Entreprises, Income, Rearing, System...

Afsheen Khattak1, Shahida Naveed1*, Naila Khalid1, Inayat Ullah Khan2 and Tamana Bakht

Merita Ayu Indrianti1,2*, Didi Rukmana3, Eymal Bahsar Demmallino3, Muh. Hatta Jamil3

...at the Gorontalo regency government currently has a regional regulation (PERDA) No. 2 of 2017 which regulates LP2B protection program, however, there are no clear geographical boundaries regarding the LP2B program in Gorontalo Regency also not implemented yet the regulations related to incentives for farmers whose land is determined in the LP2B program.
 
Keywords | Sustainable food land, LP2B, Gorontalo district, Regulations, Stap...

Adnan I Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa Ali3 and Anwer T Gaffoori2

...sented in the absence of government extension programs for the development of agricultural projects, the extension apparatus’ neglect of the problems and technical needs facing projects, and weakness in education and culture. Extension services and agricultural research.

...
Muhammad Saleem1, Saifullah Khan2* and Mahmood ul Hasan3
 

Ida Indrayani*, Andi Andri, Tevina Edwin

 
 
...and therefore Indonesian government issued various policies and programs related to the development of beef cattle enterprises. The farmer’s capability to provide animal feed, especially forage by utilizing agricultural and plantation waste becomes an essential factor in developing a sustainable beef cattle business. We aimed to determine the potential for beef cattle development, and analyze the index and sustainability status based on four sustainable ...

Munifah Siti Amira Yusuf1, Norsida Man2*, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris1, Ismi Arif Ismail3, Siaw Shin Yee1 and Tengku Halimatun Sa’adiah T Abu Bakar1,4 

... justify;">The Malaysian government has introduced the Urban Agriculture Program to improve the performance of urban and rural agriculture in Malaysia. The Urban Agriculture Program was implemented by the Department of Agriculture (DOA), Malaysia in 2010. Such agricultural extension programs may significantly affect the effectiveness of adopting urban agriculture practices, which eventually help the participants with better living standards and productivity. T...

LAILA SHAHZAD*1, MUHAMMAD UMER HAYYAT1, NIDA SAJID1, FAIZA SHARIF1, ASMA MANSOOR1, MANAL SHAH1 & NABEEHA LODHI1

...do so because of lack of governmental support. More than 72% people have no reach to information on future disasters. Ninety percent buildings are being built without codes. Almost 50% buildings are reinforced cement concrete (R.C.C) and contribute to vulnerability. Other factors are vertical irregularity, plan irregularity, soft storey and falling hazards which are 60%, 50%, 50% and 58% respectively. The study concludes that more than half of the population i...

UROOJ SAEED1, SAJID RASHID AHMAD2, HAMMAD GILANI3*, RAB NAWAZ4, NAEEM SHAHZAD5, IRFAN ASHRAF6 & WAQAS AHMED QAZI3

ZAHID FAROOQ1, IRFAN BABOO2, MUHAMMAD WAJID3, HAFIZA SADIA4, MUHAM

Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti1, Ikuo Kobayashi2, Ahmad Juwari3, Lovin Dika Antari4*

...e support of the central government and human resources supports the success of the FMD handling policy. In Miyazaki, policy support is dominated by facilities, human resources, and a strong budget even though there were problems with time accuracy in the initial case of FMD. 
 
Keywords | SWOT, Economic losses, FMD, Strategic disease
...

Hanita Fadhilla1, Shafia Khairani1,2*, Ahmad Fitrah3, Wendi Prameswari4, Nur Purba Priambada4, Indri Saptorini4, Imam Arifin4

...s, we recommend that the government improves habitat protection and law enforcement, especially, with regards to air rifle hunting.
 
Keywords | Air rifle pellet, Air rifle wounds, Indonesia, Medical records, Necropsy, Slow loris
...

Fitrimawati*, James Hellyward

...pment, such as breeders, government, private sector, academics and relationship institutions. The obtaining of data was analyzed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. This research shows the leading commodities are competitiveness and priority to be developed in West Sumatera, especially such as the beef cattle, goats and also buffalo, laying hens, broilers, local chickens and ducks. The data obtained were analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Pro...

Migie Handayani1*, Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto2, Jamhari Jamhari2

Sumaira Fiaz1*, Huma Naz1*, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Iqra Zulfiqar1, Khalid Mehmood1, Muhammad Jabbar1, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Usman4

...coordinated effort among governments, industries, and individuals to reduce heavy metal pollution, protect aquatic ecosystems, and safeguard human health. 
 
Novelty Statement | The study is novel for fish farming as it finds out that cadmium has clear negative effects on the growth performance, liver histology and hepato-somatic index of fish.
...
Salman Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Basheer Ahmad1, Nowsherwan Zarif1* and Saif Ullah Khan1
...armers, 20% work for the government, and 8% are labourers. Poplar is the species most frequently used in agroforestry, accounting for 52% of all plantings, followed by Eucalyptus at 16%. 10% of the seedlings for planting came from the Forest Department, and 90% came from private nurseries. 30% of respondents plant for shelterbelt purposes, 10% for land stabilisation, and 60% of respondents plant primarily for economic gain.

Keywords: Agroforestry, R...
Maaha Malik1, Muzakir Shah2, Muhammad Naqash2, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Safdar Ali Shah2, Bushra Khan1, Sayyed Masoom Shah2, Zahid Mahmood2, Syed Talha Kamil2, Kamal Anwar2 and Faisal Khalid2
... showed wanted that both government and organizations to finance the projects for mitigation and adaptation actions. 37% stressed on the need of awareness campaign whereas 44% were in the view that it can be resolved by updating their self with the knowledge of climate change and make the people responsible for contributing to the process to help in mitigation and adaptation. 100% respondents were of the view that government...
Muhammad Yousaf Khan and Pervez Manan
Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Anwar Panezai and Ashif Sajjad
Anwar Ali, Ayaz Khan and Hakim Shah
...projects launched by the government with support from international donor agencies. However, the adoption of agroforestry practices are slow in the province due to several reasons. Farmers' attitude and perception, small landholdings, land tenure system, limited marketing opportunities and shortage of planting material are the main reasons for slow adoption of agroforestry practices in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. There is an urgent need to promote agroforestry in ...
Muhammad Yousaf Khan, Ayaz Khan and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah
... joint management of the government and communal forest lands. Communities have realised that the development of forestry sector in Chitral is catalysed by extension agents. All the segments of the society expressed their interest in cooperation with the Forest Department for increasing tree cover in the area The objective of the current research is to assess the role of forestry extension agents in promoting social forestry activities in Chitral District. The...
Fariha Iqbal, Nowsherwan Zarif and Tariq Mahmood
...ainable manner. Thus the government of NWFP started pilot testing of the concept through donor assisted projects in the designated forests of Hazara. The concept of JFM (Joint Forest Management) is based on mutual trust and defines roles and responsibilities for the management of forest resources and at the same time independent decision making with regard to the priorities of the communities.

The present study was designed to monitor the effect of b...

Tariq Mahmood and Zulfiqar Ali
Enefiok S. Udo1, Opeyemi Olajide1 and Eyo A. Udoh2
Maqsood Anwar1, Abdul Wahid Jasra2 and I. Ahmad3
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Muhammad Idrees
Anwar Ali and Hakim Shah
...ng conflicts between the government and forest users have led to the drastic degradation of the resources. Though forest legislation limits the rights of local people in the forests but still majority (72%) of them have access to forest resources in the area. They fulfill all their requirements from these forests but contribute nothing to the protection and development of the forest resources. The existing forest legislation and forest management have totally ...
Editor
Syed Zainul Arifeen
Muhammad Naqash, Anwar Ali, Ahmad Hussain, Mamoona Wali Muhammad, Ahmad Zamir, Ikram Ul Haq
Kanwar Muhammad Suleman and Nadeem Kausar
...antations on private and government land in the country....
A. G. Wilkinson
...poplars were planted in government subsidized planting has declined dramatically in the late 1980's and 1990's with the emphasis shifting to sustainable land management systems. Radiata pine affoestation, poplar silvipastoral systems, and various plant combinations including poplars and willows for riparian management were introduced. To prevent long term degradation by soil erosion, there is a need to develop economic poplar silvipastoral systems on at least...
K. M. Siddiqui
...t a great expense by the government agencies such as WAPDA and accepted by the public at large....
Bashir Ahmad
K. M. Siddiqui
K. M. Siddiqui and B. H. Shah
...od of time. A number of government agencies have been engaged in the afforestation of vast dry areas in the country. Most of the efforts in this regards have so far been patchy, sporadic and scattered, and ware therefore, impact over a long period in the face of increasing pressure of growing human and cattle population. The Pakistan Forest Institute started systematic research on efficient use of available rain water for dryland afforestation in the ...
K. M. Siddiqui
... govern, cental and non-governmental organizations working in different sectors of economy. Thus Pakistan has joined 40 other governments worldwide in having a document on environment conservation and sustainable development since World Conservation Strategy was published in 1980. The document identifies by sectors such as agriculture, energy, forests, water, biodiversity, soil, population, industry and human sett...
K. M. Siddiqui
...ry sector by individual governments and international agencies is also low. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations is responsible for forest conservation and development all over the world especially in the developing countries. It spends only about 4% of its budget on forestry which is less than half of 9% of its budget in the fifties. Nearer home, forestry being provincial subject, the provincial gov...
K. M. Siddiqui
...armlands and wastelands; government forests contributing only a small proportion of wood energy. The price of fuel wood has risen continuously over the years due to acute scarcity of the resources. This situation is expected to continue in near future. In order to plan for future fuel wood supplies, data base should be developed through periodic surveys throughout the country. Further, there may be increasing pressure in coming years for conservative u...
Sardar Muhammad Sarwar Khan
...f constraints, the state government made modest efforts to develop this industry in the liberated area in the beginning. However, a marked development in this field has been witnessed during last decade. In the beginning the cocoons production was confined to boundary areas only. Later on policy was changed by introducing silkworm rearing in the specified area of Kotli District. The results were very encouraging therefore, the development of this cottage...
Anjum Amin
...oncerted efforts both by government and public to systematically establish cultivation of various medicinal plants....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Abdul Aleem
M.Ismail Chaudhry and Bashir Hussain Shah
... these products and the government is planning to establish match and paper industries in N.W.F.P. and other parts of the country. Raising of poplar plantations would be needed to feed these industries. In Pakistan poplars grew very well in hilly areas with enough rainfall such as Murree, Hazara, Swat, Tribal belt of N.W.F.P. and Azad Kashmir. The poplars are very heavily infested by leaf stitchers and defoliatois in the plains but a...

Muazzam Hashmi1, Braima Pascal Komba1, Muhammad Waqas Alam Chattha2*, Almazea Fatima1, Muhammad Farooq Hyder3

...on seems profitable, the government and other stakeholders should provide training facilities and appropriate planting materials for florists to produce effectively and efficiently. In addition, infrastructural facilities like good roads leading to the farms and storage facilities are made available to the florists for suitable marketing.

...

Chukwujekwu A. Obianefo1,2*, Ngozi J. Obiekwe1, Nma O. Okoroji3, Zahoor A. Shah4, Uzochukwu V. Uchemba5 and Ebele G. Osegbue5

...to underfunding from the government, and at the institutional level as well. E-extension does not have government guidelines to support e-extension services that are not integrated with the system. The study, therefore, recommends that the advisors should be given the necessary support to strengthen e-extension capacity for agricultural growth.

...

Qaisar Mehmood1*, Ali Raza2, Asif Ali Abro3, Nargis Shaheen4 and Muhammad Riaz5

Sushan Chowhan1,2*, Md. Moshiur Rahman3, Razia Sultana4,5, Md. Abdur Rouf6, Majharul Islam7 and Sharmin Ara Jannat8

... agro-entrepreneurs. The government has implemented several measures to incentivize and stimulate the growth of the overall agricultural sector. An examination of the broader agricultural sectors crops, fisheries, and livestock over the past two years (2021-2022) indicates that yield and production have remained stable. This suggests a need to adapt R and D strategies in order to stimulate growth in certain sub-sectors and reduce reliance on food and produce i...
Supardi Rusdiana1, Tatan Kostaman1*, Priyono Priyono2, Diana Andrianita Kusumaningrum1, Lisa Praharani1, Yeni Widiawati1, Agustin Herliatika1, Nurul Pratiwi1, Nurul Azizah1, Paul Ade Iji3
...od. The pandemic and the government policies thus impacted the broiler industry. This review paper aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on broiler farming and identify potential solutions and strategies to mitigate it. Before the pandemic, the broiler population and broiler meat in Indonesia grew 1.02% and 2.51% respectively. However, during the pandemic, the broiler population and its meat production decreased by 7.90% in 2019 and 1.04% in 2021...

Md. Zahid Hossain1, Md. Mahfuzul Haque2, Md. Masud Parvej3, Hemayet Hossain3, Faija Sadia  Pory4, Dipsana K.C.5 and Md. Imranuzzaman5*

Iffat Ara Mahzabin, Mohammad Maruf Hasan*, Saifur Rahman, Md. Asaduzzaman Sarker and Md. Yeakub Ali

...s, and taking a lease of government open water bodies were the essential services received by the respondents using their ID cards. Among the selected characteristics of the fishermen, credit received, perceived economic return, extension media contact, organizational participation, and attitude towards extension service providers were identified as the influential factors affecting their level of satisfaction. As most of the fishermen had a medium level of sa...

Waheed Iqbal* and Muhammad Faheem Malik

...ould be protected by the government and wild life conservation agencies for sustainable management of these resources. 
 
Novelty Statement | This study shows that butterfly species (Potohar Plateau, Punjab, Pakistan) are threatened due to increased predator population and habitat destruction due to human intervention and excessive use of insecticides and pesticides and should be preserved and prot...

Dalia M.A. Elmasry1*, Dalia M. El-Husseini1, Asmaa A. Eissa1, Zakaria R. Elkanawati2, Momtaz A. Shahein3, Amany Adel4

Fitrini1*, Masyhuri2, Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto2, Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti3

...eed improvement from the government. Beef cattle have potential as a leading commodity as evidenced by LQ>1, which means that beef cattle are a commodity that has a comparative advantage that can fulfilling the needs of beef cattle at the district and regency area and even can be sold to other regions but beef cattle do not have a competitive advantage, this is indicated by the negative SSA value. This means that beef cattle production growth in this agropo...

Suparmin Fathan1*, Nibras K. Laya1, Safriyanto Dako1, Sayekti Handayani2, Siti R. Machieu3, Mohammad Z. Hippy3

... of understanding of the government’s Bali cattle assistance. Resources, implementer disposition or attitude, and bureaucratic structure have a positive and significant impact on the effectiveness of the cattle assistance program policy in Bone Bolango Regency, both directly and indirectly (through communication). Communication also has a significant impact on the effectiveness of the cattle assistance program policy in Bone Bolango Regency. This indicat...

Jahid Hasan Tipu1, Md Ashraful Islam2, Md Altafur Rahman3, Md. Nazim Uddin4, Obaidul Islam5* 

1Md. Faruq Hasan, 2Nazmunnahar Kolpona, 3*Atia Shahin, 3Md. Rayhan Sojib and 3Susmita Sarmin

...ncing the credibility of government extension services. The objective of this study was to determine the attitude of IFMC-beneficiary farmers towards government extension services as well as identify the socioeconomic factors influencing these farmers’ attitude towards the services provided by the government. The attitude statements were constructed using Thurston’s equal-appea...

Tran Ngoc Bich1*, Vo Tuan Khai Huyen2, Nguyen Tran Phuoc Chien1, Dang Thi Tham1, Nguyen Vinh Trung1, Truong Van Hieu3, Thai Quoc Hieu4, Huynh Truong Giang1, Le Quang Trung1

...rmation is essential for government livestock regulators to develop effective prevention and control strategies, thereby mitigating the negative impact of LSD on cattle farming.
 
Keywords | Lumpy skin disease virus, Epidemiological, Characterization, Gene P32, Mekong Delta, Vietnam
...

Md Kamrul Hasan1,2, Hong-Seok Mun1,3, Keiven Mark Bigtasin Ampode1,4, Eddiemar Baguio Lagua1,5, Hae-Rang Park1,5, Young-Hwa Kim6, Md Sharifuzzaman1,7, Chul-Ju Yang1,5*

...aps. The amalgamation of government subsidies, localized technology production, and the provision of training facilities can be instrumental in enabling farmers to overcome the obstacles. The application of DT is limited in monitoring animal behavior and farm environment. However, DT technology has the potential for broader use, such as predicting growth, feed consumption, and improving the supply chain. Although these new areas are yet to be explored in real ...

Mujahid Ali1*, Malik Muhammad Akram2, Emily Silverman3, Asif Iqbal1, Muhammad Mohsan1, Haseeb Ahsan4

Saiqa Jehan1*, Tahir Sarwar1, Naveedullah1, Shahzad Khan Khattak2 and M. Jamal Khan3 

... farmers, personnel from government departments and NGOs were interviewed. The results of the survey revealed that almost all respondents were aware of climate change, which has effect on rainfall and seasonal temperature pattern of the area. Almost all the respondents reported that deforestation is the primary factor contributing to climate change. There is moderate decrease in the frequency of summer and winter rainfall. Number of flood events has risen as s...

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture

December

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 6, pp. 2501-3000

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