Submit or Track your Manuscript LOG-IN

Robert E. Pollack

 

Science, Religion and Culture
... — it is easier instead to let the Sages come to me; that is, to turn to the Siddur, the Jewish book of daily prayers, codified in Hebrew for the most part a few hundred years ago but including some passages from the Hebrew bible’s Torah, Prophets and Writings that are millennia old.

 

...

Bruce L. Gordon

...d to equate YEC with the teaching of Scripture, it can destroy their faith altogether when its falsity is discovered. With a view toward encouraging a culture of biblical and scientific literacy and overcoming the anti-intellectual legacy of fundamentalism that sustains this particular “scandal of the evangelical mind”, we offer a synoptic critique of young-earth creationism while developing and defending an evangelically acceptable alternative for...

Yashab Tur

 

Science, Religion and Culture, Vol. 2, Iss. 2
...nes, the telegraph, the steam ships and railways—all coming from countries dimly perceived and barely understood. These fruits of modern science are accompanied by a host of ideas about the emergence and propagation of life on earth which, to the lay believer, seemed outright un-Godly. Marwa Elshakry, now an Associate Professor of History at Columbia University, explores the encounter of the Arab world with these and many other Western technologies and i...

John Stinespring, Ryan T. Cragun*

...hich yields a tractable steady state solution and growth path for the share of the population that is nonreligious. The model setup and solution are shown to be both intuitive and determined by three parameter values. The authors illustrate its use by estimating these parameter values using biannual data from the 1973 to 2012 General Social Surveys (GSS). The parameter estimates from the first half of the GSS data series, 1973-1991, provide a good fit to the 1...

Elly Vintiadis

... why this
is so, Steane embarks on showing what theism is and how it offers an explanation of the world and life of which science is a part.

...

Mukhtarullah1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal1*

... the variety Pak-2013 instead of growth the existing local (Khattakwal). Higher grain yield for future food security with growing population is important to be harvested with replacing the existing low yielding varieties by any of the improved available wheat varieties (e.g. Lalma, Chakwal-50, and Pak.-2013) in Karak area where almost all wheat is planted as rainfed crop.  

...

Neha Singh and Anjana Pandey

...cation of SELEX where instead of using purified ligand molecules, whole live cells are used as targets, so the aptamers being generated could bind target molecules on live cells in their native conformation and it is possible to know the molecular profile of the cellular surface. Whole CELL SELEX is very useful in the field of diagnostics and targeted therapy and the aptamers generated can be utilized to differentiate cancerous cells from normal cells or even ...

Paul I. Ankeli, Mashood A. Raji, Haruna M. Kazeem, Moses O. Odugbo, Nendir J. Umaru, Idowu O. Fagbamila, Livinus T. Ikpa, Obinna O. Nwankiti, Issa A. Muraina, Pam D. Luka and Nicholas D. Nwankpa

...tly healthy cattle in Plateau State, Nigeria. One hundred and sixty six ear swab samples (n=166) were cultured from which eight (8) Mycoplasma species were isolated and characterized using conventional biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Six (6) were observed to ferment glucose, reduce tetrazolium chloride and hydrolysed casein. They had no phosphatase activity, did not produce ‘film and spots’ and neither hydrolyse...

Irfan Ullah and Abbas Ullah Jan

...s, pulses, oil and fats, tea and coffee, backed products and other food. Economic factors such as food commodities price and household’s income and their socio-economic and demographic characteristics are included in the model. Results indicate that with an increase in the age, household consume more of meat, fruit, wheat and wheat flour, pulses, tea and coffee, backed products and other food in urban region and milk, ...

Adedeji A.J, Sati N.M, Pewan S.B, Ogbu K.I, Adole J.A, Lazarus D.D, Ijiwo S.J, Okpanachi A, Nwagbo I.O, Joannis, T.M and Abdu P.A

... poultry farm in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria with mortality of up to 79.12%. The clinical signs observed were prostration, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, anorexia, trembling and mortality that lasted for 6 days. Postmortem findings include ecchymotic hemorrhages in the breast and thigh muscles, mucosa of the junction between the proventriculus and gizzard, severely enlarged and hemorrhagic bursa of Fabricius (BF) and splenomegaly. The bursa of Fabricius was harve...

Dein Simon

...undamentalists and their teachings there are marked similarities between the two groups. In this paper I analyse new atheism in terms of fundamentalist characteristics discussed by the Fundamentalism Project: Reactivity, dualism, absolutism and inerrancy, apocalypticism. Additionally both underscore the role of evidentialism. From my analysis of these characteristics I conclude that the movement is fundamentalist

...

Iram Liaqat1*, Najma Arshad2, Muhammad Arshad3, Safdar Ali Mirza4, Nazish Mazhar Ali1 and Ammara Shoukat1

...Camellia sinensis (Green tea), Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) and Mentha piperita (Peppermint) was evaluated against identified isolates. Agar well diffusion assay was used to monitor the antimicrobial activity of these strains both in mono culture and mixed culture. Streptomycin sulphate (10 μgml-1) and Amphotericin B (5 mgml-1) were used as positive controls. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extract...
Yang Wang1, Zhide Cheng2, Mengjie Tang3, Haixia Zhou1, Xiaolu Yuan4,Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf5, Shuting Mao1 and Jing Wang1,*
...-align: justify;">The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) has a strong adaptability to hypoxic plateau environment. We found that the sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-C4) gene Ldh-c is expressed in plateau pika skeletal muscles. In order to shed light on the effect of LDH-C4 on the anaerobic glycolysis in platea...

Zahir Shah, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio, Shakoor Ahmad, Ijaz Ahmad, Javid Ali, Sher Bhader Khan

Shahzad Ali1,*, Heinrich Neubauer2, Falk Melzer2, Iahtasham Khan1, Shamim Akhter3,Tariq Jamil2 and Sajid Umar3
...ms located at Potohar Plateau in Punjab, Pakistan. A total of399 serum samples from indeginous and exotic cattle were tested for brucellosis by RBPT, SAT and multiplex real-time PCR for Brucella sp., Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. A total of 20 (5.01%) samples were found seropositive by RBPT and 19 (4.76%) by SAT, however real-time PCR showed 13 (3.25%) samples positive for both Brucella (sp.) and Brucella abortus....
Hamayun Khan1,*, Momen Khan2, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi3, Shakoor Ahmad1, Ali Gohar4, Hameed Ullah5, FarmanUllah6, Arab Hussain7, Pershotam Khatri8, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Hamid Rehman1 and Azmatullah Khan1
...t-align: justify;">Green tea extract is plant–dervied natural antioxidant. The objective of this study was to explore the antioxidative effect of green tea extract on the cryopreserved bull semen. Experiments were carried out on Achai breeding bulls of similar age at the Semen Production Unit, Harichand, District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Collection of semen was done using artificial vagina (42°C) for three we...

Sitansu Pan and Someshwar Bhagat

Biological control of plant diseases
...hogens simultaneously instead of only one biocontrol agent-one pathogen,which is the most common and established system of biocontrol of plant diseases.

...

M. S. A. Mamun and M. Ahmed

Integrated pest management in tea: prospects and future strategies in Bangladesh
...odes are associated with tea plants. Among them 25 species of insects, 4 species of mites and 10 species of nematodes are recorded from Bangladesh. Enormous crop loss was incurred due to the attack of these pests and largely responsible for the declining productivity of tea. Extensive use of chemical pesticides began only a few decades ago with tremendous immediate economic gains but its abuses were not foreseen or ignored. ...

M.S. Islam, M.Ali, and I. Ahmad

Efficacy of sedomil 72WP and recozeb 80WP to control die-back (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) of tea in Bangladesh
...chum gloeosporioides) of tea in Bangladesh. The pathogen, C. gloeosporioides was isolated from the dieback infected tea twigs on PDA medium. Mycelial blocks of the isolated pathogen were transferred to PDA plates amended with sedomil 72WP (mancozeb) @ 720, 1080, 1440 and 1800 ppm and recozeb 80WP (mancozeb + metalaxyl) @ 800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 ppm concentrations. Sedomil 72WP and recozeb 80WP caused colony growth inhibitio...

A.A. Oyerinde, P.Z. Chuwang, P.Z. and G.T. Oyerinde

Evaluation of the effects of climate change on increased in-cidence of cowpea pests in Nigeria

Dinesh Kachhawa and Sahidur Rahman

Factors influencing incidence of red spider mite of tea, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) in Assam
..., Oligonychus coffeae on tea leaves was maximum during month of April to May-June and September-October (2011). The minimum number of mites was recorded from July- August and November (2011) to February (2012). The data taken from 1st week of April, 2011 to last week of March 2012. In case of eggs population, there was a gradual increasing trend in egg number to reach the peak population in the month of April. From April to June overall higher population of eg...

Shrinivas Mudigoudra and Shekharappa

Evaluation of plant products aganist sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rondani
...a glabra, Vinca rosea, Butea monosperma, Aloevera @ 5% concentration and were compared with carbofuran 3 G @ 30 kg. ha-1 to know its efficacy on shoot fly in sorghum ecosystem. The results clearly indicated that NSKE (5%) recorded less eggs of shoot fly (0.40egg/plant), per cent dead heart (14.97%) and maximum grain yield of 13.22 q.ha-1 among different plant products. The next best plant product was found to be V. negundo @ 5% in recording less incidence of s...

V. N. Jalgaonkar, M. S. Gawankar, V. W. Bendale and P. D. Patil

Efficacy of some insecticides against cashew tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii Sign
P.P. Ghosh*, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato and M.K. Bhattacharjya
...ed by farmers under homestead condition for the purpose of consumption and seed for the next year sowing. Callosobruchus sp.(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is the major stored grain pest of blackgram under homestead condition resulting 15 – 30% grain damage during storage. An attempt was made to identify a practical and low cost solution of such damage with the active participation of village women responsible for t...
Koksal Karadas1* and Ibrahim Hakki Kadırhanogullari2
...R), the time spent in plateau (TSP), feed of autumn and spring (FAS), working period in apiculture during year (WPA), frequency of changing queen (FCQ), and controlling beehives in summer (CFB), respectively. Minimum beekeeping farm numbers for parent and child nodes were arranged as 8:4 in CART, CHAID and Exhaustive CHAID for attaining the best predictive performance in AHY. In the Exhaustive CHAID, only 3 independent variables, NFB, WPA and CFB were found st...
Muhammad Hanif1,*, Naureen Rana1, Muhammad Akbar Khan2, Muhammad Javed1 and Muhammad Sajjad Khan1
...strict Attock, Potwar Plateau, Punjab, Pakistan has been described. The fossiliferous sites, Dhok Mila of Nagri Formation (early Late Miocene) and Kaulial Kas of Dhok Pathan Formation (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene) are located in district Attock, Punjab, Pakistan. The recovered material comprises isolated premolars and molars. The identified species of hipparionines include Hipparion sp. small, Cormohipparion sp., Sivalhippus cf.

Qudsia Khalid, Safdar Hussain Shah*, Faiza Zaeem and Saad Hussain Shah 

...tty acids (myristic and stearic acids), while unsaturated fatty acids exhibited variable profiles with enhanced oleic acid and significantly reduced linoleic acid. The regeneration capability of adapted line decreased 10 times (20% to 2%), while that of unadapted line kept on increasing (26% to 38%) at each subsequent subculture on regeneration medium. Addition of 10 mM LiCl resulted in enhanced and earlier regeneration in adapted line. Complete plantlets were...

Trinh Thi Viet Ha1, Pham Duy Liem2 and Li Shuang1* 

...parative advantage grew steadily in the Chinese market. Overall Sino-Vietnam rice export competition is not strong, it is helpful to reduce trade friction between the two sides. Moreover, there is conducive to the development of bilateral trade cooperation of long-term stability, from another point of view, agricultural products can also strengthen the cooperation. Moreover, complementarity is increasing, through the calculation, Sino-Vietnam trade complementa...
Dr. Moazzam Baig Mirza
... hospital or an Academic teaching hospital in a public or private sector? It is a challenging and life saving facility. 
...
Hailong Dong1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,3, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Yajing Wang2, Zhenyu Chang1,2, Qingxia Wu1,* and Jiakui Li1,2,*

 

...ed in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau in 2015. A total of 81 E.coli were isolated from 83 fecal samples. The organisms were inoculated on MacConkey agar and EMB agar and identified via biochemical tests. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect representative virulence factors or genes, including E.coli adherence factor (K88, CS31A, afaE-8), toxins (estA, estB, Stxl, Stx2, EAST1), pathogenicity island (eaeA, irp2, ETT2) an...
Temel Gokturk1, Elif Tozlu2,* and Recep Kotan2
...ed in this region due to tea cultivation. For this reason, new strategies are needed to control this pest. With the awareness on the negative effects of the chemicals used in the control against pests and with the increasing awareness on environmental issues, alternative methods were sought in the past; and in this context, studies were conducted to find new methods in which fungi and bacteria were used in the biological control against pests. Totally 10 bacte...
Saswati Roy1, Rakesh Pashi2, S. Dey3 and Shantanu Jha
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...asis of various research teams on finding appropriate methods for managing and controlling it. A huge fund was given for managing and controlling RPW in several countries. In this study, the potential toxicity of oxamyl to RPW was evaluated under both laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, oxamyl had significant effects on the mortality of RPW. After exposure to direct spray of oxamyl, adult mortality was 62, 82 and 100% whereas larvae mortality w...
Rana Hanan1*, Muhammad Waqar Shafi1, Sumair Anwar2 and Numrah Nawaz1
...d increased frequency of teaching sessions including assessments. Frequency of pre-hypertension was higher in the students especially in the first, second and final years of graduation (MBBS). Pre-hypertensive and hypertensive students were pre-obese or obese and had positive family history of hypertension, consumed fast/junk food in both genders. College timing and intensive routines were primary cause of irritation and aggression, which may result in hyperte...
Wanrong Wei and Weiguo Zhang* 
...burrow systems of the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). Pikas have two types of burrow systems, namely temporary and permanent burrows. The number of surface holes and length of tunnels were significantly different between the temporary and permanent burrows. Tunnel width and tunnel height were not significantly different between the temporary and permanent burrows. The permanent burrow had a nesting chamber but temporary did not have any. No hoarding ...
Sidra Iqbal1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabbsum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
...6, 8h) with and without steam (autoclaving at 121oC for 15min and 15psi). After pretreatment, cellulase production was conducted in 250ml Erlenmeyer flask at 50 ºC, pH 5 with shaking speed of 120 rpm using 2% pretreated eucalyptus leaves as carbon source and 2% v/v inoculum size in submerged fermentation for 24h. Results showed that among these two treatments, only chemical treated substrates gave better enzyme yield as compared to chemical followed by s<...

 Maleeha Manzoor1*, Madiha Manzoor2, Qurat-ul-ain Ahmed3, Sobia Ahmed4, Shazia Manzoor5

Tariq Mahmood1,*, Fakhra Fazal1, Faraz Akrim1, Hira Fatima1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
... range in the Potohar Plateau. Morphologically, the two species differ in their body size, so there could be substantial anatomical differences between them, not yet documented. The current study compared morphological and anatomical characteristics of the two species inhabiting the Potohar Plateau. Results showed marked morphological and anatomical differences between two mongoose species studied. External morphometrical ch...
Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*
... follicles and corpora lutea was demonstrated on the ovarian tissues upon transplantation. Histological examination indicated that transplanted young ovarian tissues restored function better than elder ones. It could be concluded that unilateral ovarian transplantation partially restored their developmental competence for producing ova. Such result might be helpful in assisted reproductive studies for treatment of infertility and conservation of species.
...
George L. Murphy
... not we human beings. Instead of just an anthropic principle, I appeal to a theanthropic one. It is God who created the cosmos so that flesh would evolve for the Word to become flesh, and to unite all things in that incarnate Word.
...

Saima Akhtar Qureshi1 and Asim Anwar2*, Ather Maqsood Ahmed

... to check pest growth instead of pesticides which reduces ecological and health damage. Pesticides are used at the last resort in IMP method so it reduces the cost of production and increases the farmers’ profit. However, concerns about production may hinder widespread adoption of this technology by farmers. The aim of the study is to evaluate economic feasibility of IPM method in Punjab. The study consisted of 326 farmers (161 IPM producer and 165 NON-I...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
... yield, early lactation, teat injury, higher parity number, tick infestation, self-treatment and higher use of penicillin in general ailments had positive association with MDR prevalence. The study concluded higher prevalence of MDR S. aureus in camel milk with significant association of assumed risk factors and some of antibiotics presented higher scope of treatment.
...
Samra Imran1,* and Afifa Tanweer2
...ges, packaged juices and tea by the participants was associated with poor anthropometric measurements. Contrary to the study hypothesis, increased compliance to GFD and other demographic and dietary factors were not found to be associated with improved nutritional status of the study participants. Results of the present study clearly indicated that the nutritional status of celiac patients could not be predicted exclusively on the factors identified for the no...

Noreen Rasul1*, Madeeha Rashid2, Aqeela Abbas1 and Rubina Sohail

...s are being conducted to teach other doctors and nurses for early essential newborn care and kangaroo mother care. They are still facing controversies and challenges in initiation of KMC in many hospitals. However it is essential to strengthen KMC services in healthcare facilities as it significantly reduces neonatal mortality. 

...
Abul Hassan Faiz*, Fakhar-i-Abbas and Lariab Zahra Faiz
...potassium) in Pothwar Plateau (250 km long and 100 km wide). We compared 216 soil samples (mound soil and undisturbed soil), to collect data on percentage water saturation, electrical conductivity (E/C), pH, organic matter content, and phosphorus and potassium contents. We found significant differences (mound soil and undisturbed soil) in % water saturation, electrical conductivity (E/C), pH, organic matter, phosphorus, potassium and biomass in all types of so...
Mustafa Sahin1,*, Esra Yavuz1 and Fatih Uckardes2
...ould be more accurate instead of the LS method under multicollinearity problem.
...

 A.A. Mengal* , M. U. Mallah, Z. A. Mirani* and B. N. Siddiqui**

AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
...score for each extension teaching method used. A majority of the farmers received farm visits and field st demonstrations by private extension field staff, which were ranked 1 and nd 2 , respectively, as preferred methods of extension. Most of the farmers agreed that public extension field staff provide information regarding application of irrigation and private extension field staff provided advice for the use of plant protection measures. Significant differe...
EVALUATION OF LEGUME HERBS NUTRITIVE VALUE AS A RUMINANT FEED AND NITROGEN SUPPLY ON SOIL IN WEST TIMOR, INDONESIA
... feed were Clitoria ternatea (CT), Centrosema pascuorum (CP), Dolichos lablab (DL), and Macroptilium bracteatum (MB). The study was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design. The research showed that the highest -l NO concentration after planting was in CP (5.72 mg ), followed by CT 3 -l -l -l (4.21mg ), MB (3.44 mg ), and DL (2.83 mg ). The species of legume was obviously highly significant (P<0.01) to biomass produc...

 Md. Nazirul Islam*, A. K. Azad**, Leon O. Namuco***, Teresita H. Borromeo***, Maria Lourdes O. Cedo*** and Edna A. Aguilar***

MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION AND DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF A MAKAPUNO COCONUT POPULATION IN U.P. LOS BANOS
...is thicker and softer instead of hard crispy, growing at the University of the Philippines, Los Baños, was assessed using morphometric characters from March 2004 to October 2005. Shannon 2 Weaver Diversity Index and Chi-square (÷ ) tests were used to analyze variation in both the qualitative and quantitative characters. Substantial variation in crown shape, bole category, color of young fruit, petiole and inflorescence pigmentation, shape of stem...

 Mustaring,* I. Subagyo,** Soebarinoto** and Marsetyo*

 
GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF NEW INTRODUCED BRACHIARIA SPECIES AND LEGUME HERBS AS RUMINANT FEED IN CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA
...bs such as Clitoria ternatea, Dolichos lablab, Macroptilium bracteatum, Centrosema pascuorum and Centrosema pascuorum in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia using completely randomised block design. Each species was planted on 2.5m x 3m plot, and repeated 6 and 4 times in experiment 1 and 2, respectively. Parameters measured include plant height, tillage number, dry matter (DM) yield, in vitro digestibility and nutrient contents. Pl...

  Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saqib Shakeel Abbasi and Abid Hussain*

FARMERS PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE APPLICATION OF BIOZOTE IN SELECTED DEMONSTRATED RICE FIELDS AT HAFIZABAD AND SHEIKHUPURA DISTRICTS
...monstration purpose by a team of technical partners from NARC during 2014. The results are based on farmers’ perception recorded through a structured questionnaire and face to face interviews at their fields. Majority of the host farmers found that plots with biozote had better germination and also found it a good technology for improving rice yield. Non-availability of biozote at local level, less farmers' awareness and low education level of farmers we...

Basharat Hussain Shah*, F. S. Hamid*, Shams ul Islam*, Fayaz Ahmad*, Sohail Aslam*, and Noorullah Khan*

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD AND OTHER ATTRIBUTES AT SHINKIARI, MANSEHRA

Sher Muhammad , Ijaz Ashraf*, Amir Khatam**, and Naima
Nawaz*** 

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES OF MODEL FARM SERVICES CENTERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...edule through a research team comprising of four members who were properly trained for the purpose. Highest farmers' participation was perceived in supply of inputs and was ranked 1 with mean value 3.10. There existed a highly significant association between age, education, land holding, and tenancy status of the respondents and their participation in various activities being carried out under MFSCs. It is recommended that relatively young, educated, big and o...
Zheng Quan Jiang1,2, Feng Shan Li3, Jiang Hong Ran1,*, Chen Hao Zhao1, Man Zhang1 and Hua Li4
...o the Tibetan-Qinghai Plateau and the adjacent high altitude areas of China, Bhutan, Pakistan, and India. Study on nest type and size is useful for understanding the life history, evolution and adaptation of birds. A survey was conducted on nest size and the underlying regulatory factors of Black-necked Cranes from 25 March to 31 July in 2013 and 2014 at Ruoergai Internationally Important Wetland and its surrounding area, covering 83 nests. Four types of nests...
Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie, Joseph O. Okoro, Christopher Didigwu Nwani*, Ngozi Ezenwaji, Ndubisi Stanley Oluah and Fabian C. Okafor
...o communities. Light and teasing methods were used for recovery of parasites from the snails. A total of 618 snails belonging to 7 species (Achatina achatina, A. belteata, A. degneri, Limicolaria aurora, L. flammea, Lamellaxis gracilis and Orthalicus sp.) were collected. A. achatina was the most abundant species (35.6%) while A. degneri was the least (1.3%). Overall, 388 snails (62.8%) were infect...
Abid Hussain1,*, Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad2, Muhammad Hussan Mushtaq2, Mamoona Chaudhry2, Muhammad Sarwar Khan2, Michael Reichel3, Tanveer Hussain4, Amjad Khan2, MuhammadNisar2 and Imtiaz Ahmad Khan5
Humaira Jabeen and Nazia Jamil*
... seohaensis, Serratia proteamaculans, Trabulsiella guamensis and Serratia grimesii and showed 98 to 100% similarity with sequences available in public domains.
...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
... in beverage industries, tea making, and wastewater treatment among others. The present investigation was undertaken to isolate pectinase-producing bacteria from local habitats. To enrich the diversity of isolated bacteria that produce pectinase, samples were collected from the soil, water, fruits and vegetables wastes. Initial screening of pectinase producing bacteria was carried out on pectin containing agar plates of pH 7 incubated at 37ºC. Among isola...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
... in beverage industries, tea making, and wastewater treatment among others. The present investigation was undertaken to isolate pectinase-producing bacteria from local habitats. To enrich the diversity of isolated bacteria that produce pectinase, samples were collected from the soil, water, fruits and vegetables wastes. Initial screening of pectinase producing bacteria was carried out on pectin containing agar plates of pH 7 incubated at 37ºC. Among isola...
María Magdalena Crosby-Galván1, Bernardino Espinoza-Velasco1 and Mónica Ramirez-Mella2,*
...due of chihua pumpkin instead of corn stover. Dry matter digestibility and gas production was determined at 24 h of incubation in ruminal fluid obtained from two Holstein cows with a ruminal cannula. Randomized block experimental design was used as and a comparison of means was performed by the Tukey test. The results indicated that dry matter digestibility was significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05), while gas production tended to decrease (P≤0...
Jehangir Khan1,*, Rasheedullah1, Bakht Tarin Khan2, Ayaz Ahmad3, Muhammad Salman4 and Khalid Khan5
...ted to be recommended instead of ICT for screening the blood against HCV. This work will provide the active HCV prevalence data for further research/studies, which can be helpful to health policy makers to plan strategies for the control of hepatitis C disease particularly in district Shangla and generally in Pakistan.
...
Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam1, Iram Gull1, Zaigham Abbas2,* and Muhammad Amin Athar1
...a;2-Tα1 by SUMO protease and recombinant IFNα2-Tα1 was collected in flow through by affinity chromatography. The MW (~23 kDa) of IFNα2-Tα1 was determined by 12 % SDS-PAGE and its integrity was confirmed by Immuno blot analysis using anti-interferon α-2 and anti-thymosin α-1 antibodies. Purified IFNα2-Tα1 demonstrated anti-proliferation activity as assessed by MTT assay. This study also showed that N-termina...
Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,*, Sayyad Ghyour Abbas1, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Kiran Aftab2, Muhammad Hanif1, Muhammad Asim1 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...ik deposits of Potwar Plateau, Pakistan has been described. The remains are recovered from the outcrops, situating in three districts of Punjab, namely Kaulial Kas in Attock district, Dhok Pathan in Chakwal district, and Hasnot and Padhri in Jhelum district, Punjab, Pakistan. The outcrops date to Dhok Pathan formation (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene). The identified cervid species include Rucervus cf. simplicidens, Cervus cf. triplidens <...

Fayaz Ahmad1*, Noorullah Khan1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Qamar uz Zaman1, Shamsul Islam1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1 and Sair Sarwar

...izer for deep pruning of tea bushes and their subsequent efficient recovery and proper growth. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Mature tea plants (26 year old) of Qi-men variety were deeply pruned (30 cm from the ground level by completely defoliating the bushes) on five different dates i.e., November, December, 2012, January, February and March, 2013 having one month i...
Nadeem Munawar, Iftikhar Hussain and Tariq Mahmood*
...maize) in the Pothwar Plateau. In all four crops, maximum number of rodent burrows was recorded at maturity stages of the crops. The maturity stage of wheat crop coincided with spring breeding season while the maturity stages of millet/maize and groundnut matched with monsoon/autumn breeding peak of the rodents in the study area. The burrow density recorded inside the wheat crop at various stages of growth and in uncultivated fields was significantly higher th...
Musrrat Fatima, Muhammad Saad Khan, Hamid Rashid, Asim Mehmood, Sumaira Kanwal, Muhammad Asif Rasheed and Farrukh Jamil*
...hibitors against ZIKV protease NS2B-NS3, which has a well-known role in the viral replication. By using three dimensional structure of the NS2B-NS3, an allosteric site has been identified in the protein. Moreover, the identified site is used for structure-based virtual screening. After screening 100,000 compounds, 14 compounds are selected, which fulfilled different already established drug likeliness parameters such as rule of five and nontoxic nature. These ...
Zhuanxia Chen1, Ningping Tao1,*, Xiao Qin1 and Dayong Liu2
...ound in the meat. After steaming, content of IMP in meat increased significantly. Compared with steamed meat, the flavor materials in boiled meat had a certain loss. Therefore, the addition of fried liver to the soup is beneficial to flavor.
...
Changqing Zhao*, Zhuochi Chen and Yubin Li
...ented jerky; the acid protease activity was slightly higher than the neutral protease activity in the fermented jerky; four and fifteen volatile compounds were detected for the non-fermented and fermented jerky, respectively. The important compounds affecting the flavor of fermented jerky included DL-Glutamic Acid, Phenylethyl Alcohol, 1-Octen-3-ol, Nonanal, Pentanal, 3-Methyl-Butanal, and 2-Pentyl-Furan. The study results d...
Komal Mushtaq1, Shoaib Waqas2*, Hafiz Muhammad Asim3
...ged by multidisciplinary team approach especially physiotherapy and rehabilitation. In this study, effectiveness of spinal manual therapy (maitland grade I and II mobilization) for CLBP management was assessed.
Methods: All subjects in the study were provided maitland grade I and II spinal mobilization for 20 minutes each. A similar treatment frequency was applied and consisted on three sessions per week for 2 continuous weeks. Numeric pain ...
Sukirno Sukirno1,2, Muhammad Tufail1,3,*, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool1Said El Salamouny1, 4, Koko Dwi Sutanto1 and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood1
...inary data, clove, green tea and henna extracts at 10% (v/v) concentration were added to the virus and tested under semi-field conditions on the cabbage plantations for 7 days. The preliminary experiment showed that the LC50 and LC95 for the first instar larvae were 1.59 x 103 PIB and 4.91 x 107 PIB, respectively. Whereas, these values for the second instar larvae were 4.99 x 106 PIB and 1.06 x 108
Doğan Türkyılmaz1,*, Selçuk Özyürek2,Nurinisa Esenbuğa1 and Mustafa Yaprak1
... pear-shaped and oblique teat (Type III). So this result can help us for selection of milking ability in Morkaraman and Tuj breeds.
...
Taimoor Akram Khan1*, Anam Farooq2, Amna Farooq3, Muhammad Nasir1, Gohar Khan4 and Ali Akram Khan1
...vel of tertiary care and teaching hospitals.
...
Quratul Ain Tahira1*, Sidrah Lodhi1 and Sajid Abaidullah2
...cture-based and modified team-based learning in achieving cognitive skills in resident doctors.
Methodology: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted on medical floor in Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Resident doctors (RDs) including house officers (HOs) and postgraduate residents (PGRs) were divided into two groups for lecture based learning (LBL) and modified team based learning (mTBL) on the topic o...
Shumaila Irum1, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal*2 and Fatima Naumeri3
...ts’ perceptions of teachers was 26.63±10.177. On the other hands, the mean scores for students’ academic self-perception, students’ perception of the atmosphere, and students’ social self-perception were 17.17±6.73, 26.89±10.89, and 16.34±6.70, respectively.
Conclusion: Although DREEM scores showed improvement from previously published scores of same medical college, it also highlighted the...
Wang-Dui Basang1, Tian-Wu An2, Luo-Bu Danjiu3, Yan-Bin Zhu1, Shi-Cheng He3, Xiao-Lin Luo2, Wei-Wei Ni4, Xiao Wang4, Shu-Zhu Cheng4, Jian Wang4 and Guang-Xin E4,*
...itudes in the Tibetan plateau that is economically important for the Tibetan people. In this study, we investigated the diversity and phylogeography of four geographic ecotype populations of the Naqu yak (133 individuals) using an 811-bp mitochondrial DNA D-loop region sequence. In total, 57 polymorphic sites, including 54 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 3 single-nucleotide copy number variants, and 59 haplotypes were detected. The number of haplotypes wit...
Habib-ur-Rehman1*, Saima Mirza1*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan2, Qurban Ali3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir4, Muhammad Yasir5
...ored food protectants instead of hazardous synthetic pesticides.
...
Li Lv1, Liuan Li1,*, Ruibo Zhang1, Zhichao Deng1, Tianming Jin1 and Gaimei Du2
...-dose groups and then plateaued. In contrast, these parameters initially increased and subsequently decreased for the high-dose group. Increasing levels of selenium supplementation proportionately increased egg white, egg yolk and total egg selenium levels, as well as egg production (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with selenium enriched yeast increases the egg white, egg yolk and total egg selenium levels, as well as egg production of North China...
Saima Shahzad Mirza1,*, Hafiz Muhammad Qamer2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3,*, Rana Shoaib Akram4

Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1*, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Dakwang Nalong1, Rengkat Jonah1 and Olabode Mayowa

... at slaughter in Jos, Plateau State Nigeria. Five hundred (500) serum samples comprising of 300 pigs, 100 each of sheep and goats were collected and analyzed for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (IgG) using latex agglutination test (LAT). Serum samples with LAT titer >10 IU/ml were considered positive. The study showed that 176 of the 500 samples analyzed were positive for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (IgG) giving an overall prevalence of 35.2%. There was stati...
Ä°nan Kaya1,*, Muhitdin Yılmaz2, Müge Mavioğlu Kaya3,Abdulsamed Kükürt4 and Mahmut Karapehlivan5
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela ZameerDurrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, KhushiMuhammad1,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal2

 

...mprising of riverine, plateau, mountainous and semi-hilly areas showed 52.2% prevalence. When immunity status was taken into account it was found that vaccinated animals showed very low prevalence, i.e. 4.39% as compared to non-vaccinated animals having 66.53%. Another risk factor age suggested that younger animals were more affected (60.17%) as compared to older ones (29.41%). It was also observed that animals in closed housing system were more affecte...
Ashraf M. Mounir, A.N. El shahat* and A.M. Abdul Azeem
...tion of Boswellia tears to achieve satisfactory microbiological quality and public health safety. Hence, examining the effect of gamma-irradiation on the contents of Boswellia oleo-gum resin and also investigating the role of gamma-irradiate frankincense aqueous extract (GFAE) against ISO-induced MI in rats were the two aims of this study. The total phenolic content and total flavonoids of frankincense has been significantly increased under the e...

 Siddra Tayyab Akhtar, Anjum Nasim Sabri

Twitching, swimming, swarming in biofilm forming strains in response to chemical and physical factors
...tudy we proposed that instead of biofilm detachment by
expensive commercial detergents, we could change the physical environment of
sewage systems as well as flooding some specific chemicals, which disrupt
bacterial motilities and biofilm formation.

...

 Zafar Iqbal

A review of fisheries education in University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
...rs by university’s teaching faculty. In last eight years (2008-2015) 1153
scholars were awarded PhD degrees by the University. The zoology department
was established in 1921 and is now ranked among top departments. Significant
contributions have been made by some past faculties and alumni of zoology
department in development of fisheries sector in the country. Teaching and
research in...

 Raazia Kiran1, Alya Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan1*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir2

An overview of pre-treatment methods used for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into valuable products
... size
reduction, steaming or boiling, ultrasonication, and bursting, chemical methods i.e.,
solvents, acids, salts, bases, the physicochemical processes include liquid hot
water and AFEX (ammonium fibre explosion), biological methods involving whiterot/
brown-rot fungi and bacteria, and quite a few combinations thereof to
breakdown the lignocellulose into its components. Pre-treatment process changes
cellulose morpholo...
A.H. Shahzad1, A. Sattar1,*, A. Husnain1, I. Ahmad2, N. Ahmad1, D. Nak3 and Y. Nak3
...ross-sectional area of luteal tissue was measured on d30 in pregnant animals in both groups. In experiment II, both control (n=64) and resynch (n=54) groups were similarly treated as in experiment I, without P4 profile and luteal cross-sectional area measurement. Pregnancy rate(PR) was compared by PROC FREQ of SAS. Effect of treatment on circulatory P4 profile and luteal tiss...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Memoona Chaudhary2, Riaz Hussain3, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Madiha Khan6, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Mehtab Ahmad7, Muhammad Sajid Hasni2Imran Qaiser8, Ghazanfar Rashid1, Ikramul Haq1 and Ikramullah Khan8
...tion, older age, lack of teat dipping and higher parity number with S. aureus subclinical mastitis. This study highlights the effect of agro-climatic conditions on S. aureus subclinical mastitis which is instrumental when devising strategies for effective disease control according to the climatic conditions of the area.
...
Zhen-li Li1,2, Hui-fang Zhou2,*, Bo-ru Zhou2, Bei Liu2, Xiao-fei Jiang2 and Jian-ya Xu2

 

...n, possibly leading to luteal phase defect (LPD) and infertility. Recent studies revealed that mifepristone not only affects the ovary and uterus, but also the pituitary, resulting in LPD. Bu Shen Zhu Yun formula (BSZYF) was developed by Professor Guicheng Xia, a “great master in TCM.” It effectively cures LPD, while its effect on the pituitary is unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of BSZYF on gonadotropins and gonadotropin-rele...
Bei Liu1, Yanli Hong1, Huifang Zhou1,*, Zhenzhen Cao1, Shuang Zhang1, Jing Jin1, Miao Jiang1, Cunsi Shen2 and Jianjian Ji2
...ing infertility due to luteal phase defect (LPD), a GnRH-receptor (GnRHR) antagonized model of pituitary cells was established by using the blocking agent of Cetrorelix. The cells were treated with BSZYD-containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thus, a total of five groups of cells, including blank (+) group, Cetrorelix (+) group, CSF with BSZY (+) group, model-treated (+) group and corresponding blocker-treated group were established. Secretion levels of related...
Owen Flanagan, Mona Letourneau and Wenqing Zhao
...migrants, and so on. The teams that produce the World Happiness Reports claim that six variables explain most -- as much as 70% -- of the variation in the rankings of happiness among nation states:

...

Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan, Urooba Pervaiz And Mehmood Iqbal 

...ly. The most appropriate teaching methods were group meetings (38%) and method demonstration (24%), while the most frequently used method for farmers contact was individual contact method (63%) as identified by extension agents. Non- significant association exist between diffusion of improved practices with adoption constraints and best teaching method used, while significant association exist with frequently used contact me...

Irfan Ullah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Muhammad Fayaz, Amjad Ali and Atta Ullah Shah 

...s, pulses, oil and fats, tea and coffee, backed products and other food were considered for the study. The data given in the survey regarding commodity prices, quantity consumed, households’ food expenditures and demographic characteristics were considered for analysis. The uncompensated own price elasticity for milk, fruits, and baked products is greater than unity which suggests that these food groups are highly responsive to their own price change. Pr...
Ai Yuan
...w to live a good life instead of what constitutes a good life. To the Zhuangzi, well-being (le ę؂) comes from maintaining an attitude of acceptance (an ź°›) and performing non-purposive action (wuwei ē„” ē‚ŗ), even when dealing with situations beyond human control (ming ģø±). This understanding of living a good life is dramatically different from the purposeful pursuit of well-being through action. Ins<...

 Tung-Yi Kho

... good life, appearing instead to be unselfconscious practices that are deeply rooted in the Chinese consciousness. The Relationist mode of well-being stands in contrast to the Modernist variant in both its nature and objectives, prompting us to ask: what makes the good life in China and beyond?

...

 Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*

...systems exhibited large steady populations, with the maximum size ranging from 25 to 68 individuals for each river. Restoration and maintenance of suitable habitats for the scaly-sided merganser is imminent as the species is at risk of extinction due to its small population size. The total sex ratio of the merganser during the study period was 0.397 (n = 790) and the average sex ratio was 0.43 ± 0.26 (n = 148) for each group, similar to the results obta...

 Abdul Maalik1, Shahzad Ali1,*, Anam Iftikhar1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Haroon Ahmad2 and Iahtasham Khan1

...urbanicity, age (years), teat washing, bedding area, lactating stage and previous exposure of mastitis. Initially surf field mastitis test (SFMT) was applied for screening subclinical mastitis followed by bacteriological techniques on positive milk samples for confirmatory isolation of Staph. aureus as a bovine mastitis causing agent. These Staph. aureus isolates were further tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Epidemiological data was analyzed...
Saleha Gul1,2, Muhammad Khisroon2, Ajmal Khan2, Attaullah1, Saira Gul3 and Gul Nabi Khan1,4,*
...tive smokers using green tea on daily basis were statistically significant (pĖ‚0.05). Taking together, our results indicate that tobacco smoking highly induces DNA damage in blood cells. Additionally, green tea significantly reduces the toxic effects of smoke which is a hope to rescue tissue exposed to smoke toxins.

...

Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1, Batim Turdam1, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Waziri Ibrahim Anjili2 and Mayowa Olabode2 

...wuri district market, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. Fecal and blood samples were collected from 300 donkeys and analyzed using a standard laboratory procedure. Coprological examination conducted using flotation and sedimentation techniques showed that 276 (92.0%) were positive for gastrointestinal nematodes. A greater proportion (70.7%) of the nematodes were Strongyles followed by mixed infection of Strongyles and Parasacaris equorum (15.2%) and Strong...

Muhammad Adnan Islam1,2*, Muhammad Iqbal2, Zia-ul-Haq2,3, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Shabbir Ahmed Kalwar1, Liaqat Ali Shahid1, Badar Munir Khan Niazi1 and Muzammil Husain1 

...oyed for sowing wheat instead of conventional tillage in cotton stubble to avoid further late sowing of wheat. Zone disc tiller drill sows crop in strips. Strip tillage of soil reduced labour, fuel, irrigation and machinery costs. Zone disk tiller was tested for its field performance with three different types of furrow openers viz; disk furrow opener, reverse hoe furrow opener and hoe furrow opener. Statistical design, RCBD, was employed to evaluate the machi...
... Pakistan. The editorial team had written confidentially to all the reviewers at their official addresses, the list of which was provided by the corresponding author at the time of online submission of the manuscript. The editorial team was flabbergasted by the responses of scientists whose names were exploited and proven the intentional fraudulent act of the (corresponding) author. 

Abdur Rehman1*, Iqbal Javed2, Zhang Nannan3, Muhammad Niamatullah1, Raheel Saqib4 and Allah Bakhsh

...ural information service team, to enhance the quality of agricultural informatisation workers, comprehensively promote the development of Hebei province and even the national agricultural modernisation. 

...
Iram Gull*, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam, Imran Tipu, Roohi Mushtaq and Muhammad Amin Athar
... insertion of HCV NS3 protease cleavage site at splicing junction is reported.
...
Asghar Khan1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Arfan Yousaf2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Mamoona Chaudhry1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Habibunnabi4 and Amjad Khan5
...t (udder preparation and teat dipping) and bio-security (source of animal, feed sharing, manure removal and de-worming) factors were identified as potential risk factors (OR>1; P-Value<0.05). An increasing trend of prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis was observed considering previous studies from Pakistan. It can be concluded that the health, management and bio-security measures are under satisfactory level. To control the epidemic trend of sub-clinical ...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Nazish Mazhar Ali2, Najma Arshad3, Riffat Iqbal1 and Zain-ul-Abideen1
... and 5-15 µM of proteases (proteinase K, trypsin, and chymotrypsin). Concentration dependent decrease was observed after 72 hours in biofilm formation of D. vulgaris on treatment with salicylidene acylhydrazide. Whereas 15 µM concentration of proteases produced significantly (p<0.05) reduced biofilm formation via test tube assay. Overall, while comparing all inhibitory compounds trypsin was most effecti...
Muhammad Naveed Sheas1, Haris Rasool2, Muhammad Nouman Rafique2, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq1*, Abid Muhammad1, Khubaib Ali1
...dicines, are thought to steadfast the defense mechanisms of body against oxidative stress which is a key factor in elevating depression. This study is designed to reveal the efficacy of honey and curcumin against depression in rat model. 24 male wister rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. After the trial, blood biochemistry was done in which antioxidant enzymes like SOD, Catalyze, Glutathione peroxidase were performed that shows significantly high levels ...
Jie Zhang1,2,*, Baradi Waryani3,4 and Qihai Zhou2,*
...i, Neosalanx argentea and Neosalanx oligodontis, and 6-7 loci were amplified in these species. The outcome of the present investigation would be useful in understanding genetic diversity, gene flow and the population structure of this species in the future.
...

Yasir Ali1,2*, Bashir Ahmad1, Naqeebullah Jogezai3 and Adil Hussain

... cold active alkaline protease and alkaline active lipase producing psychrotrophic bacteria from water and soil samples collected from different glaciers of Karakorum Range of mountains, Pakistan. Serial dilution and plating approaches were exploited for bacterial isolation and the isolates were qualitatively screened for proteolytic and lipolytic activity with skim milk and Tributyrin agar (TBA plate) assay method. From the collected samples, a total of 20 ba...

Rashid Iqbal1,2, Mathias Neumann Andersen1*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza2, Muhammad Adil Rashid1 and Salman Ahmad2 

...ut PRD is recommended instead of DI. Results imply that PRD treatment can be an option under water shortage; however, its suitability and efficacy should further be tested under field conditions. 

...

Sajjad Ali1, Atta-ur-Rahman1 and Sher Ali2* 

...on for infrastructure instead of farming remains at the same speed till 2055, there will be no agricultural land in the tehsil for farming. Population increase is the main cause of such firm land loss. Statistical technique like central tendencies, dispersion and co-efficient of correlation were applied on population, area under built-up environment, cultivated area and crop production in the study area. During the study period from 1985-2015, rapid physical e...
Muhammad Waseem1, Ahmed Raza1, Hamera Aisha1, Muhammad Naeem Awan1, Tariq Ahmad2, Rabia Nazir2 and Tariq Mahmood2,*
...ations in the Potohar Plateau are actively involved in pangolin trade and poaching. Approximately 275 pangolins were poached at 46 different locations during 2013-2018, with the highest number of killings recorded from Chakwal District (131 pangolins at 14 sites). The pangolin dealers operating in major cities of Pakistan (Rawalpindi, Lahore and Karachi) prefer pangolin scales. A total of 239 shops and street vendors were trading many wildlife species includin...
Muhammad Zameer Khan1, Sair Sarwar1*, Ahmad Khan1, Razaullah Khan1, Munazza Yousra1 and Muhammad Ilyas2
...oil series of Potohar Plateau of Pakistan and to correlate soil extractable K with yield components, N, P, K concentration and uptake by wheat. Two extractants namely, AB-DTPAand NH4OAc were tested for K extraction from soils. The results showed a high positive correlation between AB-DTPA and NH4OAc extractable K, plant growth and yield parameters. The amounts of soil K had positive correlation with shoot K concentration and grain yield o...
Naveed Ahmed1*, Abdul Waheed1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Imtiaz Ahmed1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1, Sohail Aslam1, Muhammad Adil Younis2, Seemab Ali1, Nadia Khan1 and Madiha Bashir1
Po Bunnika, Khalid Khan and Guo Xiangyu*
...ing on TE, AE, and OE instead of lowering costs. Furthermore, the study has introduced the ordinary least squares (OLS) model to examine the relationship between profitability ratios and performance measures, which indicates that return on assets and equity are linked to technical and distribution efficiency. The cooperatives could increase their profits by upsurging sales performance instead of improving technical performan...
Muhammad Nisar* and Muhammad Idress
...o called kitchen or homestead gardening. Home gardening study is necessary not only due to its social, food security and economic contribution, but its consideration’s negligence in development agendas. Home gardening data provide complete agricultural input in a nation’s domestic treasure. Therefore, the current study was carried out with the objective to assess small farmers’ involvement in home gardening at district Tank, Khyber Pakhtunkhw...
Ahmad Ali1,2,* and Aleem Ahmed Khan1
...at falcon trapping was a teamwork and each team used multiple techniques at the same time during capturing in the field.
...

Fazle Akbar and Sahib Alam* 

...hereas these mycotoxins steadily increased and attained the highest values at the uppermost marginal values of aw and storage time.. It was concluded that fungal growth and mycotoxins production in maize grains were favored by elevated aw and increasing storage time. Therefore, it is recommended that cereals grains should be kept at reduced aw to prevent fungal growth and subsequent mycotoxins production in the grains during post-harvest storage. 

...
Qaisar Jamal*, Akram Shah, Syed Basit Rasheed and Muhammad Adnan
...he ratio of metacyclics steadily increased towards the mid-log (53%), late-log (67%), and stationary phase (83%). Metacyclics had long flagella and short stumpy cell bodies with anterior end much broader than the posterior as compared to that in leptomonads and nectomonads. The posterior end of the body was bearing a slender tail like extension . During logarithmic growth, 17 % of promastigotes were found dividing. During a 10 days transformation of axenic ama...
 

Aftab Shaukat1,2,*, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Rizwan Shukat4, Shahid Ali Rajput5, 

Shadab Shaukat6, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem2,5,8, Mubashar Hassan2,5, Tabassam Fatima2,5
Fayyaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Usman Saleem7, Fatima Arooj1, Ashar Mehfooz2 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi2
...ng and evening daily for teasing purpose to identify does in estrus, while separate them for breeding with enlisted buck. Mean values of Fertility rate and kidding rate in T1 and T2 were 75% vs 85% and 150% vs 176 % (p<0.01) showing significantly higher rate is in T2 group. The birth weight and weaning weight of the kids in T1 and T2 group were 1.56±0.02 kg vs 1.87±0.04 kg and 9.0±0...

Waseem Abbas1, Shakeel-ur-Rehman2, Abdul Rashid2, Muhammad Kamran3, Muhammad Atiq2 and Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq3* 

...cts i.e. Calotropis gigantea, Zingiber officinale, Allium cepa and Azadirachta indica were evaluated at 3 % concentration against eggs hatchability and adult emergence of the whitefly in lab condition. Two consecutive sprays were applied to assess the relative impact of different plant extracts against adult whitefly population and the disease incidence of cotton leaf curl virus disease in filed conditions. Azadirachta indica was found most effective to inhibi...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1,3, Hussain Ali1, Ejaz Ur Rehman1 and 
Muhammad Ali Nawaz1, 2*
... and found in Tibetan Plateau and the bordering massif through Central Asia. In Pakistan the distribution range of species is restricted to higher altitude areas of Northern Areas including Khunjerab and Shimshal. The present study was conducted from 25 September 2014 to 23 October 2014, to estimate the population size of blue sheep in Shimshal and Socterabad Community Controlled Hunting Areas, by employing recently developed double observer-based Capture Mark...

Basharat Hussain Shah*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Shams ul Islam, Naveed Ahmed, Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan and Qamar uz Zaman. 

Bamigboye Olutoyin Omolara1, Fapohunda Funmilayo Omotoyosi1, Oladipo Elijah Kolawole1,2, Oni Mattthew Olujenyo1, Ajibade Oluwatosin Akinola1, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin1* 

Hamoudi Naoual1, Alloui Nadir2*, Barberis Abdelhak2 and Boudaoud Amine2 

...platyrhynchos), Eurasian teal (Anas crecca), Gadwall (Anas strepera), Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope) and Common shelduck (Tadorna tadorna). Our observations confirm the diversity of migratory bird species, particularly Anatidae infected with AIV, in the wetlands of Eastern Algeria. Molecular characterization of circulating avian influenza viruses in these wild birds will help assess the potential for spread of these viruses in poultry farms. 

...
Erum Yawar Iqbal1*, Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon1, Shahnaz Dawar2 and Shahina Fayyaz1
...nd can be easily used instead of live bacteria in future formulations.
...
Bhandari Jyoti1,2, Yasen Shali3, Zhang Zehua4, Yao Xiaoho5, Deng Jiang3, Zhang Yaling5, Wang Cuiling5, Li Yang5, Lei Xueping5, Wang Wenfeng5, Mohammad Farooque Hassan6 and Li Can1,*
...rmland of the Tibetan plateau during 2012. The first objective of this study was to investigate the population dynamic and life history of this pest on their outbreak sites. The second objective was to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of L. m. tibetensis Chenon both meadow and farmland. The lowest and highest population densities in meadow were recorded in early May and mid June respectively whereas in farmland lowest was recorded in late June a...

Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehman2*, Farhana Khaliq1, Amar Razzaq3, Mudassar Yasin4, Ghulam Mustafa5, Allah Bakhsh6 and Raheel Saqib7 

... United Arab Emirates instead of Yemen, Poland and Qatar. 

...
Nadeem Munawar1,2*, Tariq Mahmood2, Paula Rivadeneira1, Ali Akhter2 and Saqib Mehmood2
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Sajjad Ali2, Asad Abdullah1, Samina Khalid3, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Afzal1 and Jaima Molina-Ochoa5
...ices and instruments. Instead, smartphone application may be a good source to measure the foliar damage. In this study, foliar damage of Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on sunflower and soybean crops was measured using BioLeaf android application. The infected leaves due to citrus canker were also tested using BioLeaf for foliar analysis. Our results demonstrated that the quantification of foliar damage using BioLeaf application was easy and ac...
Boxin Dou, Ying Liu*, Yumeng Liu, Lili Fan, Yongqiang Ma, and Yanguo Shi
...ned by using alkaline protease to enzymatic hydrolysis of RB crude protein purified by ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography and RP-HPLC. Using consecutive chromatographic techniques successively, the acidic hydrolysates of RB proteins were fractionated and the new ACE inhibitory triplet was isolated and identified. The amino acid sequence of the ACEI was identified as Ile-Thr-Leu or Leu-Thr-Ile. In vitro, ACE inhibition assays showed that the ...
Wen Qin1,2, YanGan Huang1, Lei Wang1, Gonghua Lin1, Jundong Yang1,2, Pengfei Song1,2, Hongmei Gao1,2, Jingjie Zhang1,2 and Tongzuo Zhang1,3,*
... Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which are the first such data to be reported. A total of 25 phyla were found, of which the dominant phyla are Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in both summer and winter, representing more than 90% of the overall relative abundance. Diet is a key factor in shaping the gut microbiota. Because of large differences in host diet between summer and winter, there are significant differences in microbiota community structures according to Am...
Bin Huo1 and Xiaoyun Shen1,2,3*
... to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. During the past five years, Tibetan Gazelle have been affected by rickets and osteomalacia, characterized by emaciation, growth retardation, lameness,enlargement of the costochondral junctions and abnormal curvature in long bones. The aim of the study was to determine possible relationships between the illness and mineral deficiency. The present result showed that phosphorus contents in soil and forage from affected pastur...
Sana Khan1, Raheela Taj1, Noor Rehman2, Asad Ullah3, Imad Khan3 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3,*
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Saliha Khalid1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Ayesha Iqbal1, Muhammad Ameen1
...ik habitats of Potwar Plateau. At the apex of molar, crown is narrow and represents selenodonty in Selenoportax, while a broader crown in Pachyportax which indicates strong hypsodonty. The present sample add valuable information on systematics, dental morphology and dietary habits of the Late Miocene (7-5 Ma) boselaphines which are represented today by their living kin Boselaphus tragocamelus and Tetracerus quadricornis
...

Zubair Aslam and Ali Ahmad* 

...d by vermicompost, vermi-tea and chemical fertilizers. With the objective to combat the nutrients deficiency, an experiment was conducted in Riverm Kompost Vermikompost Tarım Hay. Mak. San. ve Ltd. Şti. Suleymanpasa, Tekirdag, Turkey under field conditions. In field four different states of fertilizers [F0: Control (No fertilizer application); Fvc: Solid vermicompost @ 5 ton/ha; Fvt: vermi-tea @ 6 %; Fc: Chemical fertilize...

Younis Jamal1, Asad Naeem Shah1, Wasif Amin Butt1, Ahmad Naveed1*, Muhammad Usman1 

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FUEL INJECTION PARAMETERS ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS
...ssion control at 8 mode steady-state cycle.

...

Murad Ullah Khan1*, S. Zuhra2, M. Alam3, R. Nawaz4 

SOLUTION TO BERMANā€™S MODEL OF VISCOUS FLOW IN POROUS CHANNEL BY OPTIMAL HOMOTOPY ASYMPTOTIC METHOD
...sed on two-dimensional, steady, incompressible viscous fluids that flow through the permeable channel with wall
suction/Injection. The solution of this model is semi-analytically computed by optimal Homotopy asymptotic technique
(OHAM). Reynolds number is based on Suction or injection through the wall, so for different values of Reynolds, we
obtained different types of semi-analytic solutions by OHAM. 

...

Mujahid Badshah, Saeed Badshah, Sakhi Jan 

HYDRODYNAMIC DESIGN OF TIDAL CURRENT TURBINE AND THE EFFECT OF SOLIDITY ON PERFORMANCE
...etrics of the rotor for steady and uniform flow was simulated at flow speeds from 0.5-3.5 m/s. The turbine achieved its rated power at a tip speed ratio (TSR) 5.7 with a peak CP value of 0.47 and peak thrust of 16.7 kN-m. Additionally, a series of simulations were performed at TSR from 1-10 to obtain performance curve for the turbine at a design current velocity of 1.5 m/s. Effect of solidity on performance was quantified by varying the number of turbine blad...

Parsa Riaz and Muhammad Naeem*

Digestive Enzymes Activity with Gut Morphometric Parameter of Carnivorous Fish Wallago attu (Siluridae, Siluriformes)
...mes, such as lipases, proteases and amylases in the digestive tract of a wild, freshwater, carnivorous Wallago attu. Wallago attu is a fast growing catfish that belongs to family siluridae under the order siluriformes. It has good market demand as a food fish having high nutritional value, and high protein content in its flesh, Carnivorous in nature. Descriptive data of the studied traits included total body weight, total body length, gut weight, gut length, c...

 Farid Ullah Khan*, Atal Khattak*

DEVELOPMENT OF A POWER MANAGEMENT CIRCUIT FOR MICROENERGY HARVESTERS
...f the circuit is almost steady for different input voltage levels.
The average consumption of the developed PMC is about 70 mW.
...

 Sikandar Afridi*, Muhammad Irfan Khattak**, Nasim Ullah***, Gulzar Ahmad**, Muhammad Shafi**

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS MERGED WITH DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORMS
...velet Transform (DWT) instead of using the conventional PCA technique. In this technique to reduce the computational
complexity of traditional PCA the size of the image is first reduced by taking the DWT of it. After applying
the DWT the facial features of the image are extracted by calculating the Eigenface of the image with size already
reduced by taking DWT. As a result of this process the size of database will reduce to ...

 Mujahid Badshah*1, Saeed Badshah1, Sakhi Jan1

HYDRODYNAMIC DESIGN OF TIDAL CURRENT TURBINE AND THE EFFECT OF SOLIDITY ON PERFORMANCE
...etrics of the rotor for steady and uniform flow was simulated at flow speeds from 0.5-3.5 m/s.
The turbine achieved its rated power at a tip speed ratio (TSR) 5.7 with a peak CP value of 0.47 and peak thrust
of 16.7 kN-m. Additionally, a series of simulations were performed at TSR from 1-10 to obtain performance curve
for the turbine at a design current velocity of 1.5 m/s. Effect of solidity on performance was quantified by...

M. Nafees*, Bushra Khan*, Robina Naz*

STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SAFETY IN STEEL RE-ROLLING MILL WITH REFERENCE TO HIGH NOISE LEVEL AND TEMPERATURE
...r i.e. 1.5 to 2 hours instead of 6 hours work in these working conditions.
...

Feroza Arshad*, Aftab Ahmed Memon**, Muhammad Aslam Uqaili** and Arshad Habib Malik*

SYNTHESIS OF A NOVEL ROBUST INTELLIGENT CASCADED REACTIVITY CONTROLLER FOR CANDU REACTOR
...ator level, low log and steam pressure modes of CANDU reactor and found excellent within the desired control bands.

 

...

 Nashitah Alwaz1, Safdar Raza1*, Sadaqat Ali1

A COMMUNICATION-FREE SIGNAL GENERATING TECHNIQUE FOR REACTIVE POWER CORRECTION IN ISLANDED MICROGRID
...terms of transients and steady state responses.
...

 Asad Naeem Shah1,2, GE Yun-shan1, HE Chao1,3

MACROSCOPIC SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL AND BIODIESEL-DIESEL BLEND: AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON
...ment of a comparatively steady phase of time after the start of injection, the test fuels revealed an appreciable relative difference in terms of their ‘β’.
...

 Honghai Zhang1,*, Yao Chen1, Xiaoyang Wu1, Shuai Shang2, Jun Chen2, Jiakuo Yan1, Qinguo Wei1, Xibao Wang1, Yongqiang Lu3 and Huanxin Zhang2

...d and Qinghai - Tibet Plateau Wild Animal Park. And we divide the sample into Group A (the low altitude area) and Group B (the high altitude area). we studied the basic structure of the gut microbiota by sequencing high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 hypervariable regions. The differences of gut microbiota in the Tibetan wild ass at different altitudes were compared. We obtained 1474595 16S rRNA gene sequences. The study observed 163genera be...

Rana Shahzad Noor1,2, Fiaz Hussain2, Irfan Abbas3, Muhammad Umair2, Abu Saad2, Muhammad Umar Farooq4 and Yong Sun1*

Assessing Sustainability of Rainfed Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Production under Various Soil Tillage Systems: An Energy and Economic Analysis
...tems could be applied instead of conventional tillage system in wheat farming according to studied energy parameters.

...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Dorcas Yilger Gotom1, Noble Allison Chiehiura1, Julius Ocheme Okojokwu1, David Ochola Amanyi2, John Otumala Egbere1, Joshua Adetunji1, Otobo Innocent Ujah3 and Onyemocho Audu4

The Seroprevalence of Zika Virus Infection among HIV Positive and HIV Negative Pregnant Women in Jos, Nigeria
...tudy was performed at Plateau State Specialist Hospital in Jos, North Central Nigeria from August to December 2020. We enrolled a total of 90 (45 HIV positive and 45 HIV negative) pregnant women aged ≥18 and ≤50 years attending antenatal clinic. Ethical approval was obtained and approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the hospital. Detection of ZIKV IgG antibodies was done using a commercial sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ...

Taqi Raza1*, Sergio de Los Santos Villalobos2, Muhammad Shehzad3, Shakeel Imran4 and Derly José Henriques da Silva5

PGP Characterization of Rhizobacteria Associated with Apple Gourd (Praecitrullus fistulosus L.)
... and 36% confirms the protease activities. Similarly, 82% and 45% of isolates confirmed the solubilization of zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) respectively. Almost, the entire isolated strains were given positive results for ammonia (NH4), nitrogen fixation, and indole acetic acid (IAA). Furthermore, for exopolysaccharide (EPS) test, 73% of isolated strains confirmed the EPS production. The conclusion revealed that almost all isolated bacterial strains exposed the...
Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Amjad Islam Aqib2*, Ambreen Ashar3Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Muhammad Shoaib4Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1 and Shagufta Nighat5
...r condition/consistency, teat dip, teat abnormality, tick infestation, body condition, mastitis knowledge, treatment approach, and therapeutic drug use were significantly (p<0.05) associated with rise in S. aureus in dairy milk. All the tested isolates were found 100% resistant to Cefotaxime, Fusidic acid, and Ampicillin while 60-80% of these isolates were found sensitive to Cefoxitin, Gentamicin, Tri...
Saima Yaqub1, Tahir Yaqub1*, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir2, Asif Nadeem3Aziz-Ul-Rahman1, Muhammad Furqan Shahid1, Zarfishan Tahir4 and Nadia Mukhtar4
... PIs mutations in the protease region while four NRTI (D67T, K70R/Q, M184V and T215F) and four NNRTI (V108T, E138A, V179I and Y181C) mutations in the reverse transcriptase region were observed. The present study concludes circulation of multiple subtypes of HIV-1 among IDUs and a continuous disease surveillance coupled with delineation of disease risk factors may provide a crucial insight into HIV prevention and treatment which could substantially curtail HIV ...

Zaka ur Rehman1*, Kashif Akbar1, Altaf ur Rehman1, Hassan Waqas1, Alif Khan1 and Asad Ali2

Development and Storage Stability of Diet Mango Juice
...alose, and aspartame) instead of sugar. The samples were filled and sealed in 300 ml of transparent glass bottles. Then diet mango juice samples were stored at room temperature for physicochemical analysis (Total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, pH, percent acidity, and sugar-acid ratio) and organoleptic evaluation (appearance, taste, flavor, overall acceptability) for three months. These were prepared with sweeteners, numbered as (T0) pure mango juice (control ...

Hillary M.O. Otieno

A Review of White Mango Scale (Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead; Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Sub-Saharan Africa: Distribution, Impact and Management Strategies
...acaspis tubercularis Newstead) pest is threatening mango production in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Being a new pest, there are no clear adaptable management practices ready for farmers to implement. This has caused farmers to rely on nature and sometimes adoption of crude and ineffective traditional control methods. Farmers capable of using pesticides apply very toxic products that are not only harmful to the applicators but also to the beneficial organisms. Agr...
Abdul Rauf Bhatti1*, Ahmed Zia1, Falak Naz2, Amjad Usman3, Rukhshanda Saleem4, Ghulam Sarwar5 and Amad Ud Din6
 
 
...ndertaken in Pothohar plateau of Punjab province. Results revealed three new to country records viz. Ptochus assamensis, P. ovulum and P. limbatus. The species were recorded from walnut (Juglans regia) trees and Khabbal Grass (Cyanodon dactylon), which highlight their importance. Keeping in view topographic gradients, ecological complex in Pothohar plateau and pest status of curculionid weevils, f...
Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2*, Muhammad Ajmal3, Iftikhar Zeb1,4 and Muhammad Azeem Khan1,5
 
 
...hich finally achieved a steady state after exhausting its maximum adsorption capacity. Whereas in the fine textured silt loam soil, a decreasing trend for the total water potential was recorded. The conversion of osmotic potential and electrical conductivity has been already been researched and the readings are interchangeable if conversion is desired. This method can be used as an alternative to the existing traditional methods for measuring the soil salinity...
Muhammad Younis1, Muhammad Irfan-ur-Rehman Khan1*, Mustansar Abbas1Ali Murtaza1, Imran Mohsin2, Muhammad Shahzad3 and Muhammad Zahid Tahir1
...ays and follicular and luteal phases were 4.6±0.2 and 11.3±0.2 days long, respectively. Estrous cycles had either three or four follicular waves; 3-wave cycles were more frequent than 4-waves (87vs.13%; p≤0.05, respectively). In 3-wave cycles (n=14), follicles (≤ 3mm) emerged on Days 0.7, 5.2 and 10.5. In 4-wave cycles (n=2), follicles emerged on Days 0.1, 4, 8.5, and 11.5. The maximum diameter of preovulatory follicle and corpus lut...
Guofang Wu1,2, Xingxing Xue1, Wenjuan Shen1, Lei Wang1,2*, Yuhong Ma1 and Jiping Zhou1
...o increase the number of teats and thus enhance production. Previous research has shown that teat number exhibits moderate levels of heritability that could be accelerated by the use of a genetic marker, such as microsatellites. Based on our preliminary sequencing data, the present study describes the use of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) to identify the locations of four new microsatellites in Qinghai Bamei pig (...
Muhammad Naeem1,2, Nasir Rajput1,2, Sher Ali3, Asmatullah Kaka2, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro2, Mehvish Rajput2 and Tian Wang1,*
... vitro degradability of steam treated rice straw, alfalfa hay (AH) and Chinese wild rye (CWR).The rice strawswere treated with steam pressure, i.e. TRS-I (exposed to 15.5 kgf/cm2 steam pressure for 90 sec), TRS-II (exposed to 15.5 kgf/cm2 steam pressure for 120 sec).The results regarding chemical composition revealed that s
Iram Liaqat1*, Tahir Hussain1,2, Aisha Waheed Qurashi3, Gulbeena Saleem2Asia Bibi4, Muhammad Fiaz Qamar5,ShaukatAli1 and Ikram-ul-Haq6 
...iofilm former. Use of proteases can strongly inhibit biofilm formation in vitro and can be used as effective therapeutic approach to control fowl typhoid epidemic along with an antibiotic therapy. The future prospects of the current study may include the testing of these proteases in poultry feed to see their effect on S. Gallinarum pathogenesis in vivo.
...
Grace Okongor, Chukwudi Njoku*, Pauline Essoka and Joel Efiong
...ate elements fluctuated steadily during the period with a marginal increase in yam yield. The projections from the Time Series Modeler showed that relative humidity will decrease slightly while yam yield will increase by an additional 265 metric tons in 2026. Although minimal, and not significant to the declining food production trend in Nigeria, the projected increase in yam production in the area would support the deficit in food availability. The nexus betw...
Chen Tongde1, Fakher Abbas1, Jiao Juying1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2*, An Shoshan1, Muhammad Ansar3, Qaiser Hussain2, Mah-Noor Azad2 andAyaz Ahmad2
...rd Pole. The Pothohar Plateau was selected as the representative area of soil erosion in the country. Along the route of Muree-Islamabad-Rawalpindi-Gujar Khan-Chakwal, 15 investigation units (12 small watersheds and 3 rectangular areas) were selected to investigate the types and characteristics of soil erosion, land use types and soil and water conservation measures, from April 16 to 20, 2019. Map interpreted in the early stage was manually recorded and Ovi in...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Jennifer Ifeoma Okpara1, James Mogoret Dabol1, Joshua Adetunji1, David Adeniyi2, David O. Amanyi3, Otobo I. Ujah4, Veronica David1, Patience Omaiye5 and Onyemocho Audu6

...o tertiary hospitals (Plateau State Teaching Hospital and HIV treatment center, at Jos University Teaching Hospital), Jos Metropolis from September to December 2018. The anti-HDV antibodies (IgM) were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay HDV IgM ELISA Kit (MyBiosource, Inc, USA). The result was interpreted according to manufacturer’s instructions. Ninety HBsAg positive pat...

Masood Sadiq Butt1, Sadia Aslam1,2, Rizwan Shukat1,*, Syed Qamar Abbas1, Muhammad Issa Khan1, Shadab Shaukat3 and Muhammad Shahid4

Monoar Pallab*, Moktadir Reza and Debashish Sarker

...ladesh with a history of teat injury due to barbed wire while grazing. A deep longitudinal infected teat laceration was noticed. Milk was still coming through fibrosed teat cannel. The lacerated part was sutured after scarification under sedation and regional anesthesia. A small portion of saline tube was inserted into the teat cannel to maintain the flo...
Li Shengqing1,2,3, Zhang Xiyun2,3, Liu Shengcai2,3, Hu Guoyuan2, Fan Yuxia2,Liu Huaixin2, Wang Tingting2 and Zhang Yanming1*
...control of rodents in plateau pastoral area. The toxin is subjected to toxin component, DNA sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses. The lethal median dose (LD50) values of intragastrically and orally administred type D botulinum toxin in wild plateau pikas, plateau zokors, and Microtus fuscus are calculated through Horn’s method and the improved Karber method. The a...
Alamaary Mohaammed Saad1,3, Abd Wahid Haron1*, Mohamed Ali2
Mark Wen Han Hiew1 and Lawan Adamu1
...vel of oxidative stress steadily increases with increase concentrations of cysteine and ascorbic acid. Although the samples treated with cysteine and those with low concentrations of ascorbic acid showed lower level of oxidative stress, the control group revealed a much better protection of oxidative stress. The supplementation of cysteine and ascorbic acid showed an adverse effect on sperm motility, membrane integrity, and viability. Nonetheless, those with c...

Frederic Ndihokubwayo and Atakan Koç

...irtiness score (BDS) and teat end hyperkeratosis score (TEHS) on milk yield and quality in Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows were determined. In the study, a total of 432 cows raised in 9 different dairy cattle farms in Aydın Province, Turkey, were inspected. In addition to measure milk yield (MMY, kg), the milk samples were taken from these cows during the morning milking for the determination of fat content (FC, %), non-fat dry matter content (NFDMC, %) and somat...

Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Abdul Waheed, M. Abbas Khan, Imtiaz Ahmad, Shamsul Islam, Basharat Hussain Shah, Sohail Aslam and Qamar uz Zaman

...udy was conducted at the tea nursery farm of PARC-National Tea and High Value Crops Research Institute, Shinkiari, Mansehra, Pakistan during the years 2014-16 to assess genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean for various growth attributing traits of fifteen early flushing tea (Camellia sinensis L) clones. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete b...

Shapon Kumar Bashak1, Alok Kumar Paul1, Md. Akhtar Hossain1, Usman Atique2,3*, Sonia Iqbal3, Md. Najim Uddin1, Asrafi Mohammad Farhaduzzaman4, Md. Mojibar Rahman5, Md. Shahanul Islam6

...he pond water quality instead gives higher yield and economic benefits.
...

Imtiaz Ahmed*, Naveed Ahmed, Abdul Waheed, Muhammad Abbass Khan, Noorullah Khan and Fayyaz Ahmed

Iqra Muzammil1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Amjad Islam Aqib2,*, Ambreen Ashar3Syed Ashar Mahfooz1, Sajjad ur Rahman4, Muhammad Shoaib4, Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Imran Khan Sohrani1, Javeed Ahmad1, Razaullah Saqi1, Fizzah Laeeq Lodhi1 and
Qaisar Tanveer5
...2, p=0.0874), and teat injury (OR=13.74, p<0.001) were potential risk factors for subclinical mastitis. The in-vitro findings of current study revealed 100% sensitivity of S. aureus against gentamicin, oxytetracycline, amoxicillin, and linezolid while 80% of biofilm negative S. aureus (nbpSA) showed sensitivity against amoxicillin+clavulanic acid. None of the isolate from bpSA and nbpSA was resistant against linezolid, gen...
Amreen Zahra1, Mushtaq A. Saleem1*, Hasnain Javed2, Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Naveed1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4
...ions. Dolutegravir, a protease inhibitor, was used for molecular docking to reveal the drug resistance sites among the isolates under investigation. However, strikingly the binding energies resulted were -7.9 kcal/mol for Pol and -5.7 kcal/mol in Gag that predicted that SNPs in the Pol gene could be one of the reasons for drug resistance and the primary site of mutations progressing the onset of infection. These computational strategies will thus help in perfo...

Ain-ul-Abad Syed1*, Zaheer Ahmed Khan1, Shakeel Hussain Chattha1, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh2, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio3, Shahzad Hussain Dahri2 and Ghous Bakhsh Buriro4

... height 25 percent, and steam scale 24 percent greater than geoponic. Statistically, there was a substantial (p<0.05) variation in the leaf area, height, and steam scale of plants, suggesting that hydroponic technology could also increase crop yields by up to 25 percent. It is inferred from this analysis that hydroponic cultivation is successful in saving water and fertilizer and increasing crop yields at the desirable li...

D. N. Abd-elshafy1, 2 and M. M. Bahgat2, 3

...biting HepG2 cellular proteases on replication rate of the virus. Plaque infectivity count assay was carried out using safe concentrations of the cocktail protease inhibitor MixG and its five components: ABESF, aprotinin, E-64, leupeptin and EDTA. Also quantification of the activities of both intracellular and secreted HepG2 proteases was carried out using specific chromogenic substrate at...

Dina N. Abd-Elshafy

...ract prepared from green tea on
HAV and explore supplementing drinking water in endemic areas for the virus with such an
extract to control infection.
Methods: Green tea powder was used for methanolic extraction. Cytotoxicity assay was
carried out according to Aquino (1989) to identify non-cyotoxic concentrations of the
prepared extract. Plaque reduction assay was p...
Samira M. Bolis1, Magda Mahmoud2, Salah E. Gumma3, Naser E. Bilal1 and
Isam ElKhidir4
Soad, E. Elsayed 1, Mohammed A. Shalaby2, Ausama A. Yousef2, Abu bakr A. Agor1,
Sherouk E. Aly1
...anged from 200-400 nm instead of 1 micron of the original.
Immunological evaluation by serum neutralization test showed enhanced immunogenicity of
developed formula when compared to the conventional one. Challenge test revealed high protection
levels that reached 90% of the Guinea pig vaccinated by nano emulsion.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that we aimed to enhance immunity through nano emulsion of

Khalid Mehmood1*, Abdul Rehman2 and Ammara Khan1

...the farmers of Potwar Plateau of Pakistan. Farmers’ preferences and perceptions of varietal characteristics were investigated. The elasticity of production was measured to compare the performance of improved and conventional groundnut varieties. Logit model was estimated to determine the factors affecting the adoption of improved groundnut varieties. The empirical findings suggested that the input elasticity of production of improved groundnut varieties ...

Miloudi Hilali1*, Hanae El Monfalouti1, Larbi El Hammari2, Farid Amar3, Zakaria Mennane4, Malika Haddam5, Nadia Maata6 and Badr Eddine Kartah1

...il. Also, the amount of stearic acid increases with the ripening of the olive fruit. The sterol result shows that the percentage of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol (95.2%) increased with the ripening of the olives. The influence of ripening parameter is significant on the main quality criteria of olive oil such as acidity, fatty acid and sterols.

...
Kai Jin1,2,3, Chen Chen 1,2,3, Xinyu Sun1,2,3, Caiye Zhu1,2,3, Mahmoud F. Ahmed1,2,3,4, Qisheng Zuo1,2,3, Jiuzhou Song4 and Bichun Li1,2,3*
...t (Capra hircus) stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) plays a crucial role in fatty acid metabolism including milk and muscular fatty acid. This study investigated the expression of SCD1 gene in goat and examined its inheritability and expression in transgenic SCD1 mice and goats. Our results suggested the possibility of generating transgenic goats by sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT). The expression of SCD1 gene and fatty acid metabolism ge...
Kang Chen1,2, Dekui He1, Chengzhi Ding3,4, Yintao Jia1 and Yifeng Chen1*
... from the Tibetan Plateau. Further research is needed to explore the causes of shape variation.
...

Nasir Mahmood Cheema1*, Ghulam Shabbir2 and Nazakat Nawaz3

...content, linoleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid and protein but indicated no difference significantly (p>0.05) in oleic acid and ricin oleic acid. Among cultivars, DS-30 showed maximum oil content (49.356 %) and ricin oleic acid (87.978%). The most important component of castor oil the ricin oleic acid% was found highest by sowing date 15th July in all the varieties while highest oil content was also obtained with sowing date 15 July. The present resear...
Yuli Andriani1*, Rintan Octaviana Julia1, Lintang Permata Sari Yuliadi1, Iskandar Iskandar1 and 
Yaya Rukayadi2
...ly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) leaves meal (BPLM) as a source of natural pigment and its effect on the tail color quality of Swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri, Heckel. 1848). Completely Randomized Designed (CRD) was applied consisting of four treatments with three replications. The treatments were added 0 % (A), 1 %, (B), 6 % (C) and 12 % (D) of BPLM. The parameters observed included biochemical compound and carotenoid content of dried BPLM, cha...
Muhammad Arslan Akbar1, Khalid Javed2, Asim Faraz3* and Abdul Waheed3
..., Live body weight (BW), teat length (TEL), teat diameter (TED), testes length (TsL), testes width (TsW) and scrotal circumference (ScD). Male and female animals were placed in two separate groups. The correlation coefficients among most of the morphometric traits were high and significant (P≤ 0.01) particularly among withers height, body length, heart girth and live body weight in both male and female animals. Principal ...

Thomby Paul, Sreekanta Biswas, Sabiha Zarin Tasnim Bristi, Debashish Sarker, Saroj Kumar Yadav and Bhajan Chandra Das*

Muhammad Awais1,2, Waqas Ahmad3, Akhtar Rasool Asif4, Sayyed Aun Muhammad1, Iahtasham Khan1*, Muhammad Amjad Ali5, Muhammad Qaiser Riaz1 and Muhammad Saqib2 
... with povidone iodine instead of using either honey or povidone alone for future treatment of wounds in normal and dexamethasone treated animals is suggested.
...

Yaregal Tilahun1*, Benyam Tadesse1, Getachew Mekonnen2  and Tilahun Bekele3

...ntify the determinant of tea productivity and inefficiency through Cobb Douglas and stochastic frontier model. Data from a primary and secondary source of information were used from 135 tea out-growers. Based on the results,  year 2017-018 has been used as production/base year. However, the productivity of tea in the 2020 production year is increased by 41.8% as the coverage of land f...
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
...apping and response. The team of DHS (Health) envisaged that the load of disease followed by precise micro plan/ mapping that details out distribution of disease, vector (pre-adult and adult stage), as well as sectors vulnerable for dengue be earmarked for timely interventions in window period (winter). The results of high risk mapping followed by focused intervention are remarkable. The last 10 years data reflect the load of disease through these intervention...
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
...apping and response. The team of DHS (Health) envisaged that the load of disease followed by precise micro plan/ mapping that details out distribution of disease, vector (pre-adult and adult stage), as well as sectors vulnerable for dengue be earmarked for timely interventions in window period (winter). The results of high risk mapping followed by focused intervention are remarkable. The last 10 years data reflect the load of disease through these intervention...
Hailong Dong1, Fubin Gan2, Khalid Mehmood3, Jiang-Yong Zeng4, Rao Zahid Abbas5, Mushtaq Ahmad Gondal6, Zhenyu Chang1 and Qingxia Wu1*
...y reported on Tibetan Plateau. In this study, serological survey and associated risk factors of Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) infection in Tibetan yaks was investigated using an ELISA assay. The results showed that the 305/849 (35.92%) studied animals were sero-positive for F. hepatica with the further distribution of 24.20% (38/157), 38.02% (92/242) and 38.89% (175/450) from Bayi, Mainling, and Gongbo’gyamda areas, ...
Zahid Beg Mirza1,*, Naveed Ali Soomro2 and Farwah Shariff1
...n. IUCN Pakistan’s team conducted a pre-monsoon baseline survey in the province in the dry season in June 2019 and another survey in the vulture breeding season, in February 2020. Methodology included direct field observations and interviews of local communities. Field Guide to the Birds of Pakistan, by the senior author and other related literature, as well as the use of a high resolution camera helped in the identification of the species. During the su...
He Yujiao1,2, Xie Huichun1, Lin Gonghua2,3, ZhangTongzuo2,3, Su Jianping2,3 and Du Yurong1*
...ont-size: small;">The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is widely distributed across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and has experienced the quaternary climate and geological events of the plateau. In this study, we assessed the population patterns and the differentiation time in the plateau pika using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Analysis suggest...
Junli Liu1, Tongfang Yang2 and Lisheng Wu3*
...e-containing aspartic protease 3 (Caspase-3) protein expression in U2OS cells were detected by western blot, thiazole blue (MTT) and plate cloning experiments to determine cell survival and colony formation, flow cytometry to measure apoptosis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to assay LINC00857 and miR-340 expression. Bioinformatics and dual luciferase reports analyzed the targeting relationship between LINC00857 and miR-340. Cel...

Najeeb Ullah1*, Muhammad Nadeem2, Malik Mujaddad-ur-Rehman1, Rubina Nelofer2 and Yasir Arfat3

... justify;">Abstract | Protease is one among other many enzymes which possess the qualities of the vitally important hydrolytic enzymes. The present experimental work of the protease production was conducted by using skin waste from leather industry as a substrate. Different sources of nitrogen and carbon were screened in order to enhance the production of protease by a locally isolated Bac...

Hailemariam Assefa1*, Tesfahun Dagnaw2 

...leic acid methyl ester, Stearic acid methyl ester and etc) was obtained. In the present study various physical and chemical characteristics have been also studied. The results also indicated that the oil extracted from Neem seed is the most acidic and non edible.

Keywords | In vitro antimicrobial, Paper disk diffusion, Neem seed, Soxhlet extraction, GC-MS, non-edible, Identification of the compounds 

...
Noor Bad Shah Khattak1, Hamayun Khan1, Muhammad Tarique Tunio2, Shakoor Ahmad1, Nazir Ahmad3, Syed Murtaza Hassan Andrabi4, Obaidullah5, Ihsan Ali1,5,* and Nan-Zhu Fang5,*
...dative activity of green tea (GT) extract on standard post-thawed quality indicators of frozen buffalo bull’s spermatozoa. Semen samples were obtained from the bulls for three weeks through artificial vagina. Egg yolk was used as an extender, in which different concentrations of GT extract (0.0%, 0.50%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%) were added. Semen quality indicators studied were the percentage of motility, survivability, plasma membrane integrity and acr...

Rehman Shahzad1, Saba Irshad1* and Faisal Amin2

...x glycosylation sites instead of seven as found in their ancestral strains. A comparative analysis of neuraminidase amino-acids sequences of B2 sub-lineage with Y- 280 lineage and B1 sub-lineage demonstrated that there were no human related substitutions, insertion or deletions in hem-absorbing site and loop of H9N2 isolates. Two unique substitutions, Gln39Arg and Lys47Glu have been noted in NA stalk domain of all isolates of this study which might be indirect...

Masouras P.K.1, Nikolaou K.1,2, Laliotis G.P.1*, Koutsouli P.1, Bizelis I.1 

...marbling exists. Thirty steak cuts (12th thoracic rib) obtained from carcasses of both sexes of three different group of breeds (Holstein, Greek Red breed, crossbreds) were used to determine color parameters (L*, a*, b*), drip and cooking loss, tenderness and IMF. Marbling was estimated using an image analysis approach. Samples of Greek Red had higher a* value (P<0.05) compared to those obtained from crossbreds. Female samples revealed higher (P<0.05) va...

Martha Echioda Ogbole*, James Agbo Ameh, Samuel Mailafia, Olatunde Hamza Olabode and Bridget Jessica Adah

...n 2017, a very high and steady increase was observed in 2018, 2019 and 2020 with confirmed cases at 633 (18%), 833(16%) and 1189 (17%) respectively. LF is endemic in Nigeria especially among both gender within 11 - 40 years of age within the rural settings characterized by sporadic outbreaks of the disease occurring mostly during the dry season. It is hereby recommended that policy makers should timely provide prioritized budgetary allocation for the control o...

Arif Mehmood*, Muhammad Naeem and Ata-ul-Mohsin

...ng 2014-16 in Pothwar Plateau. Collection of the mosquitoes was done from specified habitats fortnightly. A total of 3,997 adult and immatures of mosquitoes belonging to 5 genera and 28 species were collected. Culex spp. were found throughout year, Anopheles spp. through March-November. Armigeres spp. through January-November, Aedes spp. through April-November and Lutzia spp. were found in the months January-March and June-November. Seasonal distribution patte...

Aasma Younas*, Ijaz Iqbal and Atif Akbar

...om the sets of shifts instead of constructing the actual blocks of the design. This paper presents the results of a study in which the computer algorithm MATLAB has been used for the purpose of constructing Balanced Crossover design. This design is directly applied to agriculture, as its give an example of wheat to explain the concept. Crossover Designs have been constructed for different values of treatments, blocks and periods using all possible cyclic shift...

Hams M.A. Mohamed1, Mona A. El-Zamkan2* 

...o produce biofilm and protease enzyme. All the isolates displayed resistance to penicillin and oxacillin, while, two isolates were resistant to vancomycin and erythromycin, and three isolates were resistant to linezolid. None of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, chloramphenicol or clindamycin. B-lactams drug resistance encoded by pbp1A gene could be detected in all the isolates, while one isolate harbored vanA and optrA gene, and no isolate harbored...
Ghada Mohamed Safwat1*, Mohamed Ahmed Kandiel1, Omayma A.R. Abozaid2, Mahmoud Mohamed Arafa3, Sahar Omar Mohamed4
...significant decrease in stearic in egg yolk. In breast muscle the concentration of oleic acid was significantly increased while saturated concentrations fatty acids were significantly decreased in olive cake group. Gene expression of FAS and ACC was significantly increased in the olive cake group.

Xuelong Chen1, Honghai Wang2, Wenchao Li1, Weina Guo1 and Yanping Qi1*

...inese Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). To complete this analysis, we identified all relevant articles on this topic in both English and Chinese literature databases published through March 20, 2020. Studies were not included in this analysis if they were reviews, repeats of previous studies, included inconsistent or incomplete data, non-yaks study, or provided solely prevalence data. Using the identified studies, we were able to determine the number of BHV-1-inf...

Sharjeel Saif1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi2, Rehana Burriro3, Hasina Baloch1, Atta Muhammad Memon2  

... wound etc.) on udder or teats or have suddenly dropped milk production. All samples were cultured on PPLO (pleuropneumonia like organism) media and were found negative for Mycoplasma spp. The prevalence of mycoplasma mastitis in this population of dairy buffaloes was recorded <0.23%. The study results suggested that the mycoplasma mastitis did not exist in buffaloes of study area, however, further studies using molecular tools are warranted to validate the...

Chandrakala Rana1*, Deepak Subedi1*, Shanti Kunwar1, Rajesh Neupane1, Birendra Shrestha2, Khan Sharun3, Dinesh Kumar Singh4 and Krishna Kaphle2

Mohamed Saeed M. Hassan¹, Hitham Abdel-Saeed1*, Kawkab Abd El Aziz Ahmed2, Ossama Mohamed Abdou1 

...hat were admitted to the teaching veterinary hospital at faculty of veterinary medicine, Cairo University and private clinics in Cairo and Giza governorates, Egypt. A total number (71 dogs) was included in the present study. This number comprises 16 apparently healthy dogs and 55 anemic cases. Historical data, clinical and hematobiochemical investigations were applied on all animals for detection of the definitive common causes of anemia. Results revealed four...

Magdy M. Fahmy1, Nisreen E. Mahmoud 1*, Mohamed R. Mousa2, Manal M. Zaki3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mai Abuowarda1 

...om natural open water instead of the hatcheries should be avoided to prevent the entrance of parasites and other undesirable organisms from open seas to the lake and corresponding fish farms. This study is the first to investigate the prevalence of parasite infestation in relation to water deterioration and their role in the mass mortality of fish during 2019 in Manzala Lake and corresponding fish farms.

Keywords | Fish, Parasites,Water deteriorati...

A.J. Shoyombo1, O.O. Alabi, B.M. Falana1*, R.A. Animashahun1, S.O. Olawoye1, F.A. Okenniyi1, M.A. Popoola2, C.I. Ukim2, A.M. Ake, A.E. Jubril3 

Ahmed Alazzouni1, Ashraf Al-Brakati2,*, Sherif Rabie1, Mohamed Gabry1 and Basmaa Hassan1

...era, curcumin, and green tea extracts against benzene chromasolv-induced leukaemia in rats and their ability to alleviate the histopathological alterations in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and spleen. In this study 70 rats were divided into seven groups as follow: control, benzene (0.2 ml twice/week), Moringa oleifera (100 mg/kg), curcumin (300 mg/kg), green tea (350 mg/kg), combined green tea

Laiba Shafique1*, Mahroze Fatima2, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3, Muhammad Afzal4, Huma Naz5, Saif ur Rehman1 and Qingyou Liu1*

.... idella. Amylase and protease activity was maximum in fish intestine fed with formic acid followed by fornic acid × vitamin D3, vitamin D3 = control diet. Activity of lipase enzyme was reduced by formic acid supplementation as well as vitamin D3. The observed formic acid and vitamin D3 (interactions) were synergistically bone mineralization of phosphorus, sodium, copper and also showed positive result for the activity of amylase, pro
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi1,2*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi3,4, Erkata Yandri3,4, Kiman Siregar5,6, Aris Winaya7, Damat Damat7, Wahyu Widodo7, Ahmad Wahyudi7, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani4,8
Maizirwan Mel9, Ivar Zekker10, Muhammad Zul Mazwan7, Devi Dwi Siskawardani7
Endang Dwi Purbajanti11 and Ida Ekawati12

Dali Wang1,2, Yujing Zhu1,2, Wancai Xia1,2, Mei Zhao1,2,3, Chan Yang1,2 and Dayong Li1,2*

...e edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and damage the surface vegetation. Like other natural disasters, landslide and debris flows cause a shift in local ecological conditions, which can have profound impacts on the habitat of non-human primates. This study investigated the characteristics of surface vegetation found within the debris field of a landslide and debris flow that occurred in 2008 at Gehuaqing in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve ten years later. We calculated t...

Momotaz Khanom*, Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman, Muhammad Yousuf Ali, Md. Shahin Parvez, Al-Hasan Antu, Md. Nazmul Ahsan 

...to other feeds, while protease activity was comparable among the feeds except for DT. The results suggest that formulated feed can be used as a potential substitute for live Tubifex for the early stage of larvae of stinging catfish.

Keywords | Enzyme activity, Formulated feed, Growth performance, Stinging catfish, Tubifex 

...

Md. Enayet Kabir1, Md. Jahangir Alam1*, Md. Mosharaf Hossain2, Zannatul Ferdaushi3 

... fermented rice straw instead of untreated rice straw of TMR1. The trial lasted ninety days. Feeding of TMR2 improved the growth rate (P<0.05) of fattening cattle compared to others. Furthermore, TMR2 fed cattle had higher (P<0.05) values for hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and lactobacillus count. Serum glucose, triglyceride, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations and coliform count were significantly (P<0.05) ...

Abd El-Moniem Ali S. Mahgoub, Ahmed Mohamed Abd El-Hafeez, Mahmoud Yassin Mohamed*, Al-Moataz Bellah Mahfouz Shaarawy, Mohamed Ibrahim Nassar

...(Sesbania sesban) hay instead of clover hay on feed intake, digestibility, growth performance, and semen quality. Animals were randomly divided into four groups and fed four different rations. Ration 1 (R1) was the control (60% concentrate feed mixture + 40% clover hay). The remaining rations were supplemented with sesban hay by 10% (R2), 20% (R3), and 30% (R4) as a replacement from the clover hay ratio in the control ration. Results showed that supplementatio...

Asmaa A. Badr, Eman A. Abo Elfadl, Mohammed M. Fouda, Sayed M. Elsayed

...sed in 2022 and will be steadily increased for the following years in Holstein German farm. The results also indicated that ARIMA (2,1,2) is the best fit model for Holstein Friesian in the first farm. Meanwhile, the ARIMA (0,1,2) is the best model for Holstein German in the second farm.
 
Keywords | ARIMA, Milk production, Time series, AIC, Holstein Friesian
...
Neeranoot Detcharoenyos1, Nakrob Pattanapon1, Soontaree Petchdee2*

Aiman Al-Mufarji3, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3*, Rashid Al-Zeidi1, Haitham Al-Masruri2, Al-Hassan Mohammed4

...e dynamics and corpora lutea (CL) development were followed. The results indicated that body weights significantly (P < 0.05) improved in ewes and lambs treated with M. oleifera. M. oleifera supplementation increased significantly (P < 0.05) fat (%) and milk energy (MJ/kg) whereas it lowered solid not-fat and lactose (%). Red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) during pre-and post-partum periods showed significant increases (P < 0.05) with...

Sameena Gul1, Sayyeda Hira Hassan1, Amara Maryam1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Muhammad Khan*1, Muhammad Irfan2, Farah Rauf Shakoori1 and Javed Iqbal Qazi1

... the dry leaves of green tea plant (Camellia sinensis). It has been observed to potentiate the apoptosis and also inhibit cancer cell growth by affecting various signaling molecules and cell cycle regulatory proteins. Clinical studies demonstrated that EGCG treatment of different type of cancers has synergistic effect in combination treatment with other common clinical drugs (cisplatin, taxol, doxorubicin and vinblastine) by modulating chemotherapy response to...

Yuxia Zhang and Kong Yang*

...of E. multilocularis. Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) act as the main intermediate hosts of E. multilocularis, whose effective cave density was 0.03/m2 to 0.32/m2, and it was negatively correlated with altitude at a high value (p = 0.010). Altitude regulates the distribution and abundance of plateau pika by influencing food resources and their fertility, which in turn affects the transmission of alveolar echinococcosis.

Peyman Mohammadzadeh1*, Aida Rasuli2, Bahman Noroozi Gorgani2, Sajjad Mohammadi3

...bral arteries, traumatic tear due to intracranial and intraspinal courses, temporal were seen. Due to unilateral brain herniation, the tonsillar hernia was associated with hemorrhage and linear necrosis rather than only bulging. The corpus callosum and fornix had small areas of hemorrhage that indicated a sign of diffuse traumatic axonal injury. In histopathology, activated microglia and reactive astrogliosis were seen. The cause of death was TBI followed by e...

Muhammad Furqan and Zulfiqar Ali

... main purpose was food. Stealing of eggs and chicks capturing was recorded from many sites. As per respondents, local community is also concerned about the conservation of this species. Development of more protected areas for conservation, awareness education, implementation of wildlife laws, patrolling of officials in the breeding season, and long-term monitoring plan can help in the conservation of kalij pheasant.

...

Ehab A. Fouad1*, Khaled A. Abd El-Razik2 , Eman H. Abdel-Rahman3

... of purified fraction instead of the classical way.
 
Keywords | Staphylococcus aureus, Affinity column chromatography, Antigen, SDS-PAGE, Indirect ELISA
...

Muhammad Kashif Maan1*, Rohma Shabbir2 

...was presented to Surgery teaching hospital of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore with the complaint of progressive exophthalmos with proptosis without pain, disturbance in ocular motility, visual deterioration, and chemosis. There was no evidence of presence of cyst in lungs and liver upon radiographic examination. Rhinotomy approach was used to enucleate the Cyst. There was no postoperative complication after enucleation of the Cyst.

Zhaojun Wang1, Yang Zhou2 and Xinghua Song3*

...essive activation and protease degradation, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and promote the recovery of prognostic joint function.

...

Ezz Ibrahim Khalifa, Ahmed Loly Ibrahim Desoky, Adel AbdElaziz Elbadawy, Gamal Ibrahim El-Emam, Tarek Messlam Mahmoud Mahdy* 

Muhammad Mansoor1, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil2*, Zafar Islam2, Muhammad Asif2, Ghani Akbar2, Muhammad Ashraf Khan3 and Ibadullah Jan4

...ates) at Khalal stage instead of processed Rutab dates. Experiments were conducted to find out comparative yield potentials of ‘Chuhara’ as well as processed dates produced from the fruits collected from trees protected from rain-fall. The results show that BCR for fresh dates was 2.85, while, it was 1.06 for dry dates. It is depicted that fresh dates give double economic return as compared to dry dates. It was observed that 1Kg Khalal fruits yield...

Shou-Dong Zhang1,2,3, Dao-Xin Liu1,2, Dan Mou1, Tong-Zuo Zhang2, Jian-Ping Su2 and Jiu-Xiang Xie1*

...lection (Ei index) of plateau zokors (Eospalax baileyi) by comparing the composition of plant species present in overwinter caches and inside nearby quadrats of zokor burrow systems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Based on human volunteer taste-testing, or assignment using the Chinese Materia Medica Monographs, we divided the collected plant species into four different taste groups (sweet, bitter, other-taste, and tasteless) a...

Robina Karim1*, Farhan Ali1, Ali Muhammad1, Nasrullah2, Azra3 and Tahir Mehmood4

...66 gm of sugar, 29.81 gm tea and 149.07 gm total fruits daily. In the study area an adult takes 2647.66 calories from the daily food consumption representing a positive figure which is more than the recommended calories of 2350. The estimated poverty line (1.13) based on daily food consumption patterns shows that the people in the study area, on the average, are above the poverty line.

...

Ali Ahmad1*, Zubair Aslam1, Korkmaz Bellitürk2, Ehsan Ullah1, Ali Raza1 and Muhammad Asif3

...atives like vermicompost tea and vermicompost, which not only increase crop growth and production while lowering diseases and pests over time, but also protect environment and human health. Vermicomposting is the process of breaking down and stabilizing solid organic waste to produce fine organic rich manure that can be readily stored, processed, and put into agricultural areas with no negative repercussions. In the vermicomposting process, earth worms and mes...

Shakeel Ahmad1*, Humaira Wasila2, Juweria Abid3, Nazir Muhammad4 and Hazrat Usman5 

...re investigated in Green tea with milk. Macro and micronutrient composition of milk products commonly consumed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is available now and can be used by nutritionists, dieticians and health care providers in planning a normal and therapeutic diet. Milk products contained phenolic compounds which show antioxidant activity.

...

Ghulam Qadar* and Khalid Nawab

...and evaluate agriculture teachers’ competencies levels that are teaching agriculture subject at school level in different parts of the state. For this purpose, 250 agriculture teachers were selected from ten districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir by using sampling technique and well-structured interview schedule of 5-point likert scale was prepared in light of the study objectives. In a...

Abhishek Pandit1, Suman Poudel2, Manish Gautam3* and Shambhu Shah4

...ning or prolonging the luteal phase using prostaglandins or exogenous progestogens, respectively. The selection of protocol depends on the assessment of resources, including facilities, labor, experience, and budget. PGF2α induces luteal regression followed by estrus and ovulation in cows when administered during the luteal period. Progestin suppresses the activity of the ovary and i...

Hemat A. Abdel Magied*, Heba H. Habib, Amany H. Waly, Ahmed Fadl, Sayed M. Shalash 

...ed pectinase (PE) and protease (CIBENZA® DP100) (P) individually or mixture (PEP) and either on low crude protein (CP) and low metabolizable energy (ME) were studied on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Arbor Acres broiler chickens. Two experiments were conducted in current study; experiments 1 (EXP1) evaluated the effects of PE and/or P supplementation to standard corn-soybean broiler diet (STD). while experiment 2 (EXP2) exa...

Ayma Aftab, Samia Afzal* and Muhammad Idrees

...diagnosis of COVID-19 instead of relying on real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that can give false negative result. Nasopharyngeal samples from a 22 years old man were detected as negative for COVID-19 for consecutive three RT-PCR tests. Complete blood count (CBC), D-dimer, serum ferritin, eosinophil sedimentation rate (ESR) test, tuberculosis test, real time PCR and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were done to rule out the cause of flu li...

Fahrauk Faramayuda*, Soraya Riyanti and Sitty Mahanadhiandinie

...t-align: justify;">White tea from the shoots is picked and dried by simple processing. Brewing white tea leaves have been shown to have antioxidant activity. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of white tea leaves grown in Indonesia using extraction methods other than brewing, i.e., maceration. Study of free radical scavenging activity of 1,1- Diphenyl-2- Picrylhydrazyl ...

Shama Sadaf1*, Komal Hassan1, Ayesha Saeed1 and Zeeshan Ahmad2 

...f Azadirachata indica, Butea monosperma and Litchi chinensis plants and applied on 100% cotton. Before and after applying antimicrobial finish mechanical property was checked. The antimicrobial finish was applied by pad dry cure method and finish was fixed by using of poly urethane binder. The presence of microorganisms was checked by ASTEM E2149 shake flask method before and after applying antimicrobial finish and after successive 25 washes. The results were ...

Umar M. Bello1*, Samuel A. Ojo1, Abdurrahman Ghaji1, Ambrose A. Voh (Jr)2, Muazu N. Bappah3, Casmir O. Igbokwe4  

...ntramuscularly in the gluteal region, 11 days apart. Vaginal smears were stained using a modified Papanicolaou method while the vaginal or rectal temperatures (oC) was recorded with a standard (dry-bulb) clinical thermometer taken from 07:30 to 08:30 hrs daily and monitored throughout the period of experiment. In vaginal cytological smear examination, five exfoliated cell types were identifiable viz; anucleated superficial cells, superficial nucleated cells...

Müge Aliye Hekimoglu and Sırma Sönmez

...or digestive enzymes (protease, lipase, amylase), weight and length, body colour and survival rate. The image analysis method was used to determine skin colour. The chemical analysis method was used to determine the activity of enzymes. The results showed that supplementation of 2000 mg/kg of dietary significantly increased weight, length and specific growth rate (P < 0.05). While no change in colour was observed in the control group at the end of the exper...

Mustafa Erkan Özgür1*, Selim Erdogan2, Songül Aydemir3 and Hatice Yumusakbas2

...were less. Palmitic and stearic acid for SFA, oleic and nervonic acids for MUFA and linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids for PUFA of semen seminal plasma were main. Semen volume and the levels of SFA (myristic, palmitic and margaric acid), MUFA (palmitoleic, ginkgolic, oleic and nervonic acid) and PUFA (linoleic, gama-linolenic and eicosadienoic acid) were signiļ¬cantly different (p<0.05) between both species. Especially, the ...

S. F. A. Awad-Allah 1 and M. S. Khalil 2

...mpost (VC), vermicompost tea (VCT) and the bacterial bioagent Nemaless® was evaluated against Meloidogyne incognita infecting banana (Musa acuminata) cv. “Grand Nain” as compared to the nematicide fenamiphos 40% EC under laboratory and field conditions. Experiments were carried-out during two successive seasons (2016 and 2017). Results of the laboratory tests showed that the toxicity of VCT and Nemaless® to M. incognita second-stage juvenil...

S. Ahmed†, Q. Liu and H. Jian

...ndary metabolite with protease and chitinase
activity was used as seed bacterization in green house experiments. In green house significant reduction in white
female development was observed for avermectin (84.53%) followed by B. cereus strain B48 (78.10%) as compared
to results of the untreated control treatment (P≤0.05).
...

N. Hajra

...proteins, amino acids protease and proline. Results showed that carbon profile in plant treated with AM fungi have high to low and varied amount of carbohydrates, sucrose, glucose and total soluble sugars in different parts of the plant; amino acids and proline in nitrogen profile found in higher amount in AM treated plants.

...

A. A. Galal1,2, S. F. Abou-Elwafa1,3, F. J. Kopisch-Obuch1 and C. Jung1

...grown in 150 cm³ instead of 20 cm³ tubes and we increased the inoculum size
from 400 to 1000 nematodes/plant in combination with a nutrient solution better adapted to the barley crop. Six
barley accessions were tested with Pratylenchus neglectus and Pratylenchus penetrans. Tests were evaluated 7, 8, 9,
and 10 weeks after inoculation. It was found; a shorter test period of 7 weeks is suitable for distinguishing resi...

Ahmad Abrar Khan1*, Ghulam Qadar1, Asif Ali Abro2 and Muhammad Awais3

...f agriculture experts instead of fellow farmers and agrovet sellers. Trainings, workshops and field activities should be organized regarding improved farm management practices especially on the aspect of insects/pests management to minimize the yield losses. 

...

Zubair Aslam1, Ali Ahmad1*, Korkmaz Bellitürk2, Hira Kanwal1, Muhammad Asif1 and Ehsan Ullah1

...n of vermicompost, vermi-tea, simple compost and chemical fertilizers can help to minimize this threat. In order to combat nutrient deficiency, an experiment was carried out to optimize the best dose of fertilizers for tomato crop at Student Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad in a tunnel under field conditions. The experiment had five treatments in which the mineral (NP) fertilizer, simple compo...
Ulvi Fitri Handayani1, Wizna2, Irfan Suliansyah3, Yose Rizal2, Maria Endo Mahata2*
... have been processed by steaming at 98o   C, then adding 0.5% coconut oil. This processing aims to increase the release of lycopene from the matrix tomato, change its structure from trans to cis lycopene, and increase the absorption of lycopene in the digestive tract of laying hens. Lycopene is a compound in tomatoes and is known to inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Cholesterol in the body is transported in the blood by lipoproteins. Therefore, that is ...

Aiman Al-Mufarji, Shaker Al-Suwaiegh, Abd El-Nasser Mohammed*

...on day 18, and corpora lutea (CL) were recorded on day 21. Collection of blood samples from ewes and lambs were performed at -8 weeks and -4 weeks pre-partum, parturition, +4weeks, and +8weeks postpartum. The blood samples were analyzed for blood and metabolic profiles, liver enzymes, and minerals. The results indicated that ewes suffered from thermal stress during the study and the stress was alleviated due to M. oleifera supplementation. The body weight of e...

Kainat Bibi1*, Sajjad Khan1, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani1, Fahad Karim Awan1 and Sajid Ali2 

Saleem Hussain1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Tauqir Anwar1, Talha Nazir2*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3, Zohaib Asad2,4, Muhammad Adnan3 and Tajwar Alam5

...milkweed Calotropis gigantean (L.) Dryand., bakain Melia azedarach L., neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss., tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. and thorn apple Datura stramonium L.) against wheat aphid (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) under laboratory and field conditions. Using foliar spray method, toxicity bioassay was conducted with three different concentrations (i.e. 250, 500 and 1000 ppm) of methanolic plant extracts under controlled laboratory conditions, while thre...

Zubair Ali, Muhammad Sohail*, Yasir Ameen, Hamidullah, Ishtiaq Ahmed and Mehwish Malik

...nia, follicular cysts, Luteal cysts, Buserelin 0.0105 mg/lecirelin 50µg and  PGF2α Analogue100µg Intramuscular (IM) were used. Further research on the efficacy of protocols that integrate ultrasonography with timed AI protocols for re-synchronzation of ovulation, differential management strategies for cows carrying twin fetuses conducted.

...

Wuritunashun*, Burenbatu, Narenqiqige, Jiuguniang, Eerdunduleng, Shuanglian Wang, Cuiqin Gong, Hashengaowa, Huizhi Jin, Baiwurihan and Chunhaizi

..., protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor, C4b-binding protein alpha chain, heparin cofactor 2, complement C4-A, complement C4 beta chain, vitamin K-dependent protein Z, coagulation factor VII, proteoglycan 4, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), thrombospondin-4, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 were downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis of these differentially expressed proteins revealed that they play a critical role in immune-related responses. P...

Adel B. Salama and Reham M. Sabry*

...eic acid (5.87-6.72 %), stearic acid (3.34-3.41%), avenoleic acid (2.15-2.46%) and sterculic acid (3.27-3.89%) were the predominant constituents. It can be said from our results that it is possible to perform eighteen petal harvests to be used for pharmaceutical or coloring and dying purposes and at the same time keep the flowers on the plant and get the highest seed yield for industrial applications.
...

Aamir Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Summer, Ali Haidar Gormani, Saira Nawaz and Ayesha Muzamil

...ulberry leaves (mulberry tea) of two species i.e., Morus alba and Morus nigra. Mice were fed orally with mulberry leaves extract (200mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 50mg/kg) mixed in distilled water. Mice paw edema was induced by carrageenan injection while formalin was injected to mice paw for induction of pain. These extracts significantly decreased edema in mice paw. The level of TLC and RBCs was increased to normal. Platelets level was also increased in mice treated w...

Hamdi Mayulu1*, Endang Sawitri2

...dditive. The Folin-Ciocalteau method was used to test for tannins and total phenolics, and the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) method was used to assess flavonoid content. In addition, antioxidant capacity was determined with Radical Scavenging Activity 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and expressed with IC50 value. The data obtained were analyzed using the single factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Th...

Abdur Rauf1*, Muhammad Sadiq1, Farooq Jan1, Muhammad Qayash2, Wisal Khan3, Ikramullah Khan1, Khilwat Afridi4, Muhammad Shuaib5, Muhammad Khalid6 and Samrin Gul7

M.A.M.M. Shehab-El-Deen1,2*, S.A. Al-Dobaib1 and K.A. Al-Sobayil1

...presence of palmitic or stearic acid at high concentrations during oocyte maturation increased ACR, whereas oleic acid had no significant effects. The results of the present study concluded that compromised oocyte microenvironment by metabolic stressor such as high NEFAs concentrations which is the situation during the negative energy balance that are happened post-partum in dairy cows could decrease the quality of preimplantation embryos as indicated by the i...

Vui Van Nguyen1, Samorn Ponchunchoovong2, Sajeera Kupittayanant3, Pakanit Kupittayanant2* 

...t of vitamin E and green tea polyphenols, the percentage of the high mitochondrial membrane potential, the intact plasma membrane and acrosome membrane indicators in the Ocimum gratissimum essential oils treatment were higher than those in the rest treatments and had a substantial difference when compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). In concluding, semen extender supplemented with Ocimum gratissimum essential oils is appropriate for improving the chil...

Li Qiao*, Shubao Geng, Shibao Guo, Hongmin Liu, Jian Yin and Quan Zhang

...f the important pests in tea garden. To explore the effects of violet light on its growth, development and reproduction, the 2nd and 5th instar larvae were irradiated under light at the wavelengths of 400 and 420 nm with 6 different irradiation times (0, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min). The development duration, pupation rate, abnormal pupation rate, pupal weight, adult emergence rate, male and female adult longevity, oviposition rate of S. subpunctaria were mea...

Yao Xixi1, Zhou Rui2* and Ma Yinshan3

...ic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, total fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and total volatile fatty acid (tvfa) (P<0.05), and these were significantly higher in flowering time (P<0.05). The content of fatty acid and total fatty acid in yak milk were significantly higher in flowering time than green-up time and withering time (P<0.05). The phenological phases significantly affected the content of CLA isom...

Chen Zhao, Lulu Ding, Ying Ye, Congying Kou, Haoran Xiao, Jing Zhu and Jicang Wang*

...superoxide dismutase. Instead, Nar significantly attenuated these Cd-induced toxic activities. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of Beclin1 and P62 were increased in the Cd-treated group. Treatment with Nar can significantly inhibit the increase of P62 protein expression level caused by Cd, indicating that Nar has a certain inhibitory effect on cell autophagy. In general, this study shows that Cd caused oxidative stress and autophagy. Nar can reduce t...

Mohammed Naji Odhah1,2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1*, Bura Thlama Paul3,4, Bashiru Garba5, Zaid Mahmood1, Eric Lim Teik Chung6, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila7  

...he concentration of IgG steadily increased in C. pseudotuberculosis and MAs-treated groups, reaching the peak at week 9 (32.82±8.56 ng/ml) in C. pseudotuberculosis group and week 10 (28.41±1.27 ng/ml) in MAs group, then declined slowly from week 10 till week 12. In conclusion, there was an elevated level in the IgM and IgG antibodies post-infection with C. pseudotuberculosis and MAs. However, while the IgG antibody levels started declining at wee...

Olabode, H.O.K1, Mailafia, S1, Martha Echioda-Ogbole1*, Ameh, J.A1, Amadi, K.I1 and Meseko C.A

...search Institute, Vom Plateau State. A structured Questionnaire was also administered to 50 poultry farmers. Results revealed an overall sero-prevalence of 5% with H5 and H9 haemagglutinating inhibiting antibody titre ranging from 1 log2-5 log2. Breed specific sero-prevalence were 4% and 16% for local and exotic (layers) chickens respectively, while broilers showed no detectable antibodies. Questionnaire responses indicated low awareness level on the zoonotic ...

Khadija Begum, Azizunnessa and Md Ahaduzzaman*

...m the record sheets of a teaching veterinary hospital in Chattogram district from August 2021 to July 2022. Cases were diagnosed through evaluating symptoms, physical examination, and ultrasonography. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis was done to study the prevalence and associated risks of different reproductive disorders. Results show that 12.41% (382/3079) reproductive disorders in does were recorded during the study period. The major reprod...

Swagata Das Gupta1, Majharul Islam1, Towhida Kamal2,Md. Rayhan Faruque3,Md. Shohel Al Faruk4* 

Qasim Ali1, Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed

...ong these, Episyrphis balteatus emerged as the most prevalent insect pollinator, closely followed by Apis florea and Calliphora sp. The highest visitation rate was recorded for Apis dorsata, followed by E. balteatus and Ischiodon scutellaris. Comparative analysis revealed that fruit dimensions, weight, pulp content, and seed count per fruit were notably improved in instances where insect pollination was facilitated, in contr...
Fariha Javaid1*, Zahoor Qadir Samra1, Madeeha Shahzad Lodhi1,2, Aroosha Hussain1 and Gulnaz Pervaiz1
...l-containing cysteine protease isolated from the stem, peel, and leaf parts of Ananas comosus. Protease accounts for 60% of the total enzyme market. Being a plant-based cysteine protease, it has various pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. The isolation and purification cost of the enzyme is highest, so there is a need to develop cost-effective purification methods. This resea...

Al Salihi karima Akool1* , Almas. M. Al-Bayati2, Iman Mousa Khaleel3  

...ry gland samples and its teats ( 8 SCPMG and 8 SCN-PMG) were collected from Al Muthanna abattoir. Gross examination, and full description were done and recorded. The samples were dissected and kept in a 10 % neutral buffered formalin. All samples were processed by histological technique and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. This study showed that SC’s udder appeared with four quarters, covered by brown to solid black tint skin. Both conical and cylind...

Mahfouz M.M. Abd-Elgawad 

...e incognita to be 389 instead of 402 using the same assumptions of sampling accuracy and nematode density in both cases. Also, alternative analyses to help decision-maker in affording proper nematode-management schemes are suggested. Although single models have been used in nematode studies, it is better to apply more than one model in a study to complement each other and demonstrate more facets of their distributions.

...
Waheed Ahmad1, Muhammad Tayyab1*, Bushra Muneer2*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Mansurud Din Ahmad3, Shagufta Saeed1, Muhammad Nauman Aftab2, Sehrish Firyal1, Muhammad Wasim1, Muhammad Azam4, Muhammad Talha5 and Ali Raza Awan1
...of novel thermostable protease in poultry production. The protease was produced from Geobacillus sp. SBS-4S using Luria Bertani medium and it was used as supplement in poultry feed trial. The data were statistically analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance. For feeding, 150 day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into 5 groups having 30 chicks each. Group A served as negative control, group B, C and D as experiment...

Danish Kamal2, Muhammad Abbass Khan1, Ghulam Mujtaba-Shah1, Naveed Ahmed1, Maryam Iqbal¹, Basharat Hussain Shah1 and Imtiaz Ahmed1*

...roblem statement for all tea varieties and clones in my study field relate to their morphological and anatomical features. Tea belongs to family Theaceae and Camellaceace. The experiment was carried out for the morphological, anatomical studies of tea varieties and clones grown at National Tea and High Value Crops Research Institute, Shinkari Mansehra. T...

Shamsher Ali* and Naheed Baloch

...and Akk, Calotropis gigantea by using different 03 and 06ml/L concentrations of each plant seed oil against the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, and Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium infesting wheat grains. Observations were made on mortality, weight loss, and insect damaged grain. The results show the maximum mortality 62.0% of R. dominica and 34.3% of T. granarium at a 6ml/L concentrations of C. colocynthis. While lower mortality 1.8% and 5.2% wer...
Subudao Eerdun1, Hai Si1, Rui-Lin Tian1,2*, Hua Mei1, Caicike Badumu1 and Ridunhu Hu1
...Gistel from Mongolian Plateau were carried out. Simultaneously, the comparative observation was conducted on the male genitalia and forewing veins between Aeropus sibiricus (Linnaeus, 1767) and Aeropus licenti (Chang, 1939) distributed in the Mongolian Plateau. Mongolian Plateau is the main distribution area for Aeropus Gistel, where significant differences exists in the morphological char...

Milena Vlahovic*, Dragana Matic, Marija Mrdakovic, Larisa Ilijin, Anja Grcic, Aleksandra Filipovic, Jelica Lazarevic and Vesna Peric-Mataruga

... correlations between proteases and PMM were detected at lower metal concentrations (Acute10 and Chronic10 and 30 μg Cd/g dry food). In contrast to chronic treatment, egg masses respond more uniformly by reducing PMM during the short-term effect of cadmium. Finally, we can conclude that, as an addition to biochemical and molecular research, PMM can be used for studying the cadmium effects to gain a better insight into the state of the organism under stress ...

Asma Sadia Authoy2, Aneek Chanda2, Aparna Datta3, Md Shohel Al Faruk4, Towhida Kamal1* 

El-Dougdoug2, Kh.A; Ghalyl, M.F. and Tahal , M.A.

...umis sativus leaves were teated CF with CMV mechanically inoculated onto one leaf, the other non-treated leaf was CMV inoculated after 7 days of treatment. In 1 st experiment, CF treatment was able to considerably reduced the number of local lesion and in 2nd experiment, plants treated with CF showed variable visible viral symptom9compared with the broth media treated control 15 days post inoculation and remained symptom less throughout the study period. Such ...

Hanaa H.A.Gomaa1, A. F. Moustafal, Kh.A.El-Dougdoug2, A.A. Abou-Zeid3 and S. Y.M. Mahmoud4

...nzymes of amylase and protease were reduced in infected potato plants while the level of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase was increased. PVX and PVY infected potato plants contained less auxins and gibberellins, and the pattern of growth promotors and growth inhibitors was altered. Cytokinin was also inhibited as a result of virus infection. Examination of epidermal strips of infected potato plants revealed the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions. Many cytopat...

Makmun1, Imam Mujahidin Fahmid2, Muhammad Saleh S. Ali2*, Muhammad Yamin Saud2, Rahmadanih3

...waiting period for more steady prices. In conclusion, farmers who operate large-scale enterprises are less impacted by changes in the cost of inputs and outputs because they have access to independent input suppliers and market networks that support productive and efficient business methods.
 
Keywords | Actor, Actor relation, Egg production, Laying chicken, Blitar regency
...

Rizqan*, Hilda Susanty, Linda Suhartati, Azhar, Arief, Elly Roza 

...ves to replace synthetic teat dipping solutions in order to prevent mastitis occurrences. One such natural compound is eco-enzyme, which can be extracted from citrus fruit peels, waste materials, and other sources. The objective of this research was to prepare an eco-enzyme using citrus fruit peel (Citrus reticulata) and analyze its organoleptic properties as well as its inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli pathogens. Eco-enzym...
Yongke Zhu1,2, Yun Fang1, Songhua Tang1, Yuan Gu3, Jinming Zhao4, Wolfgang Scherzinger5 and Yue-Hua Sun1*
... of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is still limited. We spent 10 years studying the breeding biology of A. f. beickianus in Lian Hua Shan Nature Reserve (Gansu Province), where we could first confirm the occurrence of this small forest dwelling owl in 1995. During breeding seasons (2003-2009, 2017-2019), we checked nest boxes and recorded the basic breeding data. Thereby a total of 51 broods were found with an average of 5.1 ± 1.7 broods per year. The mean e...

Riskayanti Riskayanti1, Hikmah Hikmah2*, Muhammad Irfan Said2, Nahariah Nahariah2 

...ng treatment (fresh and steamed) and the second factor was vegetable addition level (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%). Parameters measured were dietary fiber content (%), antioxidant activity (%), IC50 (ppm), pH and cooking loss of chicken nuggets. The outcomes showed that dietary fiber content and antioxidant activity were higher (P<0.01) in fresh vegetables than in steamed vegetables with 7.84% and 44.49%, respectively. The IC5...

Henny Leondro1*, Peni Wahyu Prihandini2, Yuli Arif Tribudi3, Aju Tjatur Nugroho Krisnaningsih1, Dimas Pratidina Puriastuti Hadiani1, Agung Kusuma Wijaya4, Dyah Tuwi Ramsiati2, Mochammad Chanafi2, Wahyuni Indah Wulansari2

...sisting of Clitoria ternatea, Calopogonium mucunoides, Centrosema pubescent, Dolichos lablab, Pueraria javanica, Macroptilium bracteatum, Vigna and Stylosanthes guainensis. The proximate test was used to obtain chemical component values from herbaceous legumes. The results showed that the highest and lowest potential biomass production is C. ternatea and Vigna, respectively. Furthermore, M...

Muhammad Akram1, Anirban Mandal2*, Mehwish Iqbal3, Arindam Mukherjee4, Ritika Bandyopadhyay5, Surendar Rangasamy6, Rida Zainab1, Muhammad Talha Khalil1, Pragnesh Parmar7 and Umme Laila1

...in day-to-day illness instead of antibiotics misuse. Complementary and alternative medicines are good option for treatment of routine ailments. Complexes and constituents with antiviral activity exists in numerous plants, for instance, rutin, a flavonoid glycoside generally found in a range of botanicals, is efficient against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and influenza A virus. Ascorbic acid, beta carotene and lots o...

Eluzia A. Barus*, Khansa N. Salsabilah, Achmad Firman, Linda Herlina

...and for chicken meat is steadily increasing in Indonesia, resulting in an increase in broiler chicken farming businesses, often with differing farming systems and designs. However, any business needs to be profitable to be economically sustainable. This research aims to analyze profitability and Break Even Point in closed-house system broiler chicken farming businesses with a capacity of 63,000 birds. We will also plan developmental strategies to increase the ...

Tayfun Karatas1*, Betul Apaydın Yıldırım2 and Serkan Yıldırım3

...he protective effects of tea leaf extract (TLE) (Camellia sinensis) against cypermethrin (CMN)-induced toxicity in gill and liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). CMN exposure led to increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, glutathione (GSH), total immunoglobulin (T. Ig), and white blood cell (WBC) levels. M...

Perinçek Seçkinozan Seker

...s from Central Europe instead of forming an independent evolutionary clade, and were also, found genetically close to Central European haplotypes. According to the evolutionary dating analysis, the divergence of C. capreolus populations in Europe started at the beginning of the Pleistocene (approximately 2.72 mya). This analysis also demonstrated that the divergence of Turkish roe deer began at approximately 0.58 mya. Given the existence of, shared haplotypes,...

Faris Sahib Imran1*, Layth Hamzah Merzah2, Mohammed Mohsin Kareem3

...ns for its fast growth rateability to improve water quality by excess nutrients, and toxins, and can be included in the sheep diet as a protein source at certain levels. The study was conducted in Karbala province, using the Al-Husseiniya River as the source of C. demersum. A total of 40 Awassi sheep were divided into two groups. The experimental group received a diet containing C.demersum as the primary protein source, while the control group had natural gras...

Feri Eko Hermanto1, Yuli Frita Nuningtyas1, Filoza Marwi1, Fajar Shodiq Permata2, Agus Susilo1, Muhammad Halim Natsir1*

SHAGUFTA ANDLEEB1*, ASMATULLAH2, SHABANA SHAUKAT1 & SIDRA NAWAZ2

...pyknosis, necrosis, and steatosis.

...

ZUBIA RASHID1, ZULFIQAR ALI MIRANI2, SITWAT ZEHRA1, SYED MUDDASSAR HUSSAIN GILANI3, ARIF ALI CHISHTI1, ABID AZHAR1 & SADDIA GALANI1*

..., black cumin, and green tea (phytogenic feed additives, PFA). Non-significant differences for body weight gain and feed intake (p>0.05) were found between AB and PFA groups. Quantitative bacterial analysis of chicken gut revealed supplementation of PFA significantly increased (p<0.05) beneficial bacterial (Lactobacillus spp. and Enterococcus spp.) and reduced (p<0.05) pathogenic bacterial (E. coli and Campylobacter spp.) population versus AB and CON ...

Uqba Mehmood

...s, is accomplished by proteases, in first 20 minutes of spore germination. The analysis of Spo mutants (strains which lack Sporulation (Spo) gene or have its inactive form) revealed that many of these strains did not produce extracellular proteases. Some evidence for the involvement of serine proteases in sporulation has been provided by inhibitor studies. Nevertheless variation in germina...

MARIAM AHMED, YESRA ARSHAD & HAMID MUKHTAR*

...) is an extracellular protease having efficient ability to degrade keratin found in feathers and hair. It has various applications including leather, textile, pharmaceutical, detergent and animal feed industries. In current study, keratinolytic bacteria were isolated from the soil of poultry farm and different cultural conditions were optimized to obtain maximum enzyme yield. The isolates were initially screened by formation of zone of clearance on the skimmed...

Deni Novia*, Indri Juliyarsi, Rizki Dwi Setiawan, Clara Mustika, Cindi Melani

...ext-align: justify;">Egg tea is a traditional Indonesian drink made from free-range chicken or duck egg yolk, and brewed tea. Egg tea drinks are preferred because of their taste and are thought to provide health benefits. We aimed to determine some instant egg tea drinks qualities, such as the antioxidant, physicochemical, and sensory properties using a ...

Jacob Situmeang1, Lovita Adriani1*, Deny Saefulhadjar1, Safri Ishmayana2

...probiotic, yogurt has protease and lipase enzyme activity, which can increase digestive tract enzymes in laying hens. In this study, it is hoped that probiotics can increase protein levels and reduce lipid and cholesterol levels in chicken egg yolks. This study aims to determine the activity of the protease and lipase enzymes from yogurt and the effect and level of use of probiotic powder, which can increase protein and redu...

Youfang Li1, Xu Li2, Shaik Althaf Hussain3, Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam4 and Zhigang Chen5*

..., a constituent of green tea polyphenols and quercetin, individually as well as in combination, was evaluated in animal model. In vivo evaluation was carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were divided into seven groups i.e., Group 1 animals (controls) were fed regular chow and drank water ad libitum; group 2 animals were fed chow containing 3% sodium oxalate with the administration of gentamicin (40 mg/kg) and drank water ad libitum; group 3-7 animals...

Muhammad Yusuf1*, Abd Latief Toleng1, Sahiruddin1, Masturi1, Hasrin1, Musdalifa Mansur2, Hendrikus Fatem3, Johan Koibur4

...to both follicular and luteal phases (58% vs. 26% and 16%). After treating the heifers with either Heatsynch or Select-synch protocols for synchronizing the estrus, all animals become estrus as predicted in advance. The mean interval from PGF2α injection to onset of estrus was 42 and 43 h (P>0.05) in Heatsynch and Select-synch protocols, respectively. However, the mean duration of estrus in dairy heifers synchronized using Heatsynch protocol was 25.1 ...

Xin Yan Ku1, Phek Jin Kwong1*, Chaiw Yee Teoh1, Mohammad Mijanur Rahman2, Fakar Fariz3

...ss and Trichanthera gigantea for pre-weaning Boer crossbred kids. Proximate analyses were conducted on the feed ingredients and the newly formulated feed before the feeding trial. Twelve (n=12), single-born Boer x Jamnapari crossbred kids, with an average birth weight of 3.25 kg   and body condition scoring of 3 to 3.5 were randomly divided into two dietary treatment groups (n=6 per group), each containing 3 males and 3 females. In the first treatmen...

Srisukmawati Zainudin1,3, Hartutik2, Edhy Sudjarwo2, Osfar Sjofjan2*

...T2 (basal feed with 10% steamed skipjack tuna offal meal), and T3 (basal feed with 10% fermented skipjack tuna offal meal). Data were collected and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in nutrient digestibility when skipjack tuna offal meal was used as a fish meal replacement. In conclusion, fermented skipjack tuna offal meal was recommended as a source protein for local chickens.
&nb...

Shama Sadaf1*, Ayesha Saeed1, Komal Hassan1, Zeeshan Ahmad2 and Maha Naeem Butt1

...lor put the solution in steam soaping machine. The sample were died then rinse the sample and dry it under shadow to penetrate color. Then the sample was washed with tap water for 2 minutes to remove extra color. After this wash all the dyed samples in machine. Put 10 litter water and 50gm detergent and wash for 15 minutes. Same procedure would be followed in level 2 with 2 tablespoons of turmeric. And in level 3 same procedure would be followed with 3 tablesp...
Fahad Shahzad1, Muhammad Tahir1, Abdul Hafeez2, Muhammad Shuaib2*, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair2, Abdul Jabbar3, Abubakar Sufyan4, Muhammad Aamir Khan5, Muhammad Ayaz5, Hameed Ullah5 and Hammad Ullah5
...rotein and subtilisin protease enzyme on the performance and nutrient utilization in broiler chicks. Different levels of proteins with and without subtilisin protease enzyme were evaluated on the overall performance, carcass yield, and nutrient utilization. For this purpose, 3 proteins and 2 protease levels were arranged in a 3x2 factorial design and each group was divided into 4 replicate...

Umair Ahmad1*, Asad Sultan1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Tahir2

... ginger-derived phyto-protease on production performance, gut health, immunity, and nutrient digestibility of broilers fed a high level of poultry by-product meal-based (PBM) diet. A total of 320-day-old broiler birds were assigned to four dietary treatments CON, N-CON, GPP1, and GPP2. CON a commercial corn-soybean meal-based diet as per ROSS-308 nutritional specifications. N-CON was a 6.5% PBM-based diet and to this group, a ginger-derived phyto-pro

Shahzad Aslam1*, Amjad Rashid Kayani2, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf3, Muhammad Azhar Jameel2 and Kiran Sahar4

...g, scavenging, begging, stealing, snatching and suckling were defined. A total of 540 observations were taken for all age and sex classes. The arboreal and ground feeding were widely used by the monkeys while stealing and snatching were little used. There is a need to conduct research on feeding ecology, parasitology, food preference based on nutritional requirements of Rhesus monkey in MHNP.

...

Dio Fico Felsidan Diatmono1, Seraphina Kumala1, Pradita Iustitia Sitaresmi2, Stefani Winda Paramita1, Megawati Andi1, Yustina Yuni Suranindyah3, Diah Tri Widayati1*

...ing the follicular and luteal phases. Fourteen non-pregnant-lactating Saanen-Etawah Crossbred does were used in this study (age 2-4 years, BCS 3, and multiparous). The same management was given throughout this research and the feed intake was observed daily. The blood was taken during the follicular and luteal phase which was validated from data of vaginal smear. The obtained serum from whole blood was immediately for total ...

Rahamdad Khan1, Abdul Basit, Syed Majid Rasheed* and Syed Salim Shah

...w maize variety Babar instead of others as this variety showed strong resistant towards
the allelopathic effects of both the tested invasive weeds.
...

Syeda Fakehha Naqvi1, Iqra Haider Khan1 and Arshad Javaid1ļ€Ŗ

...acosanoic acid (1.19%), stearic acid (1.36%), tridecanoic acid (1.35%), tridecanal (1.30%), phytol (1.29%), docosanoic acid, methyl ester (1.23%), octadecanoic acid (1.20%), 4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid (1.05%), 2-hydroxy-2-phenylbutanamide (0.91%), hexacosanoic acid (0.76%), cholestrol (0.61%), methyl octacosanoate (0.55%) and tetracosanoic acid (0.30%) were present in low concentrations. A thorough literature survey showed that most of the identified compound...

Salman Ali1*, Muhammad Arif1, Mehran Ali1, Muhammad Afzaal2, Gohar Saeed32, Muhammad Bilal4, Fazal Munsif1 and Sajjad Zaheer1

...productivity of crop, instead of chemicals. An experiment was established at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar to evaluate the effects of biochar and organic-inorganic P sources on density, fresh and dry weight of weeds in maize during 2016. Experiment was executed using randomized complete block design and treatments included biochar (0 and 10 tonnes ha-1) and three sources of P; FYM, PM and one DAP. Phosphorus at the rate of 100 ...

Wali Muhammad Mangrio1*, Faheem Ahmed Jatoi1, Hakim Ali Sahito1, Fahmeeda Imdad Sahito2, Bhugro Mal3 and Naseem Qureshi4

...t, (T3)= Calotropis gigantea leaves, (T4) = Citrullus colocynthis fruit were applied against B. amydraula population and (T5)= as control. The result revealed that neem oil caused maximum larvae reduction % in all three replications at (50.25%), (43.30%), (34.04%) overall (42.53%) in both years. Neem leaves extract (40.95%), (35.83), (34.08) overall (36.95%). C. gigantea (30.43%), (23.60%), (22.60%) overall (25.54%), and C. ...

Siti Zubaidah1, Chusnul Hanim2, Bambang Ariyadi3, Aji Praba Baskara2*, Zuprizal2

...yme (200 g/tons), and protease (130 g/tons). The chemical composition included dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, ether extract (EE), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), crude fiber (CF), total energy, amino acids (AAs), and fatty acids (FAs). In this study, the chemical composition was analyzed T - test student, while AAs, FAs, and cell-wall structure was analyzed descriptively. The microstructure of PKC cell wall after in vitro digestibility was determined b...

Muhammad Umair Khan*, Zahid Rauf, Abdur Rehman, Tanvir Hussain and Mansoor Ali Khan

...been done in Pakistan instead of abundance of various hardwood species which would be regarded as fine sources of pulp and paper production. There is a dire need for pulp and paper industry of Pakistan to find out locally available potential sources of raw material for pulp and paper production. This would be helpful to reduce imports and provide economic incentive to industrial and forestry sector of Pakistan. This study investigates the relationships between...

Syed Basit Rasheed*, Farrah Zaidi, Samiullah and Tehmina Jan

... P. turanicus and P. newsteadi) collected from Chitral and a single species of Sergentomyia (S. sagodina) collected from Nowshera are new reports to Pakistan. Current study also added subgenus Kasaulius to the Phlebotomus of Pakistan. With the addition of these seven species, the checklist of sand flies of Pakistan has increased to 50 species, checklist provided.

...
I. Mukhtar, R. Bajwa and G. Nasim
...miasts multidisciplinary team meetings. This review describes the author's experience regarding the major issues identified during this process. Current research article covers; actual problems in shisham plantations and reason of controversy in pathology of dieback disease in Punjab (province), Pakistan. This review is intended to be of practical use to the foresters and pathologists reporting shisham dieback disease.

Key words: Shisham, dieback disease...

Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Muhammad Muslim
...f Mangifera indica, Butea monosperma, Zizyphus mauritiana, Dalbergia sissoo, Adhatoda vasica, Cedrula toona, Melia azedarach and rarely Tamarindus indica and Azadirachta indica. Singri is another large tract, where settlers cultivated agricultural crops like wheat, rice, maize, sugar-cane etc. This area had footprints of Hindu civilization near Singri Police Chouki, Seth Powaridas dug well on 9th January, 1860 for drinking water, currently...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Hussain Bux Bhaagat
...duck specie i.e. Marbled teal (Marmaronetta angustisvostris) breed in these lakes in May-July. According to the data Deh Akro II wildlife sanctuary provides good wintering ground to the migratory waterfowls, as there was least disturbance. Moreover, this lake is a good habitat for the crocodiles as 200 -250 Crocodiles of different sizes were recorded in these lakes.

Kabir Dihider Shahriar, Mahmood Hossain and Ripon Kumar Debnath
...armers having small homestead (51.81 trees/household). Among the four agro-ecological zones, Badhadia village of Thana Sonagazi possessed the highest number (186.17) of trees whereas the lowest number (24.4) of trees per household was found in Charpar village of Thana Jamalpur. Among the timber trees akasmoni (Acacia auriculiformis) and mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) were the dominant (1987and1785) species in the study areas. Betel nut, (Areca catechu), mang...
Muhammad Afzal1, Sahibzada M. Hafeez2 and Aqeela Mobeen Akhter3
...owance per foot girth'instead of selling it on under bark volume basis. Moreover, results revealed better quality timber production at Changa Manga as compared to Chichawatni plantation. Keywords: Formula, volume measurement, shisham logs. ...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique and Saliheen Khan
...plex of mountains and plateaus lying in north and northwestern boundaries The plains are by and large, level country consisting mostly of irrigated agriculture and arid and semi-arid deserts The mountain complex comprises of broad level valleys, partially irrigated, and high steep and rugged mountains, hills and plateaus.

More than 60 percent area of Pakistan is arid and receives less than 250 mm rainfall per annum About...

Muhammad Afzal and Aqeela Mobeen Akhter
...r plantation together instead of growing them separately. This amount was saved because some operations do not need repetition when these two activities are combined. The combination of one-year-old poplar plantation with second stage poplar nursery gave net return of Rs.13098/ha. While, poplar plantation raised without nursery proved to be uneconomical with net loss of Rs.10881/ha As far as the growth is concerned, poplar plantation raised with nursery gave m...
M. K. Hossain, B. M. Khan and B. Koirala
...treatments, germination, teak, seeding growth, quality index.

...
Iqtidar Hussain and Adnan Noor Shah
...cation of the extract instead of the control. These results indicate that the water extract of eucalyptus can be used as a biological inhibitor of weed control in our planting systems....
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
... citriodora for high tearing resistance and well bonded paper due to maximum fibre length and felting power ratio....
G. A. Bajwa and G. Zimmermann
...eginning and progressed steadily, owing to growth regulating behavior of neem. The neem formulation at 6.4% and 8% were phototoxic to Prunus domestica....
Kanwar Muhammad Suleman and Nadeem Kausar
... pulps to improve their tear properties. The present study fully justify the establishment of Paper mulberry plantations on private and government land in the country....
K. M. Suleman
...ghest yield and the best tearing strength properties. Tearing properties were comparable to the kraft pulp made from Pinus roxburghii and imported Southern pine kraft pulp. However, the bonding properties of bamboo pulp were inferior to the softwood kraft pulp. This paper also gives the salient advantages of bamboo pulping over softwoods....
Abdur Rauf Khan, Farrukh Siyar Hamid and Naseer Ahmad
... mid-twenties. Earlier tea was supplied by East Pakistan which is now Bangladesh. After dismemberment in 1971, an acute shortage of tea was faced by Pakistan. Since that time, the increasing demand of tea is met by imports from a number of countries which involves a huge amount of foreign exchange. The annual consumption of tea in Pakistan is mo...
Mian Muhammad Muslim
...then it made a slow but steady progress in Punjab. Presently, sericulture is one of the major cottage industries in rural areas of the province. The activity is mainly concentrated around irrigated forest plantations of Changa Manga, Daphar, Chichawatni, Kamalia, Khanewal, Bhagat, Kundian and Jauharabad. Besides it is scattered on a small scale in various other parts of the province viz: Shakargarh, Sialkot, Gujranwala, Kasur, Sharkpur, Faisalabad, Raj...
M. Ayaz, J. A. Khan, M. Kleine and H. Duerrstein
...training of research and teaching staff at the Pakistan Forest Institute (PFI), the German Project provided scholarships for training abroad. Besides advanced training in Forest Management and Wood Technology for a period of about one year in Germany, PFI-Officers were also sent for long-term studies for Ph.D. and M.Sc. degrees in Germany, United Kingdom and United States. Research was conducted by the officers during their stay abroad as part of t...
Editor
...>(ii) Brazilian forestry team win 1984 Marcus Wallenberg Prize for commercial development of cloned Eucalyptus forests...
K.M. Siddiqui
...burst strength and lower tear strength than those of 36 - 45 years and higher age groups. The bleach response of pulps made from the three groups was almost identical and pulps of about 850GE brightness were obtained after a four stage (CEH1 H2) bleaching sequence. The presence of resin in chir pine wood did not constitute any special problem during its pulping. The values of tall oil were found to be about 1% and 20 - 22kg on oven-dry wood and per ton...
Raja Mohammad Ashfaque and Anjum Amin
...> spp., Agrostis gigantea, Agropyron dentatum, Cymbopogon spp., Eleusine compressa, Themeda anathera, Panicum antidotale, Heteropogon spp., Chrysopogon aucheri, Dicanthium annulatum, whereas Trifolium pratense, Taraxicum officinale, Plantago lanceolatus, Fragaria vesca are among the major forbs present. The present study was aimed at to determine the affect of closure on forage production both inside and outside the exclosure. ...
Ghulam Rasul
... rounded in the front instead of edged as that of wild-goat. In cross-section they are triangular and the grooving is very striking. In Europe, the Ibex is now found only in the Alps in a small area of Northern Italy, but it has been introduced to special reserves in Switzerland and elsewhere. In Asia, it is found in the mountains of Russian and Chinese Turkistan, Central Siberia, Kashmir, Chitral, Northern Areas, Afghanistan, Palestine and Arabia. There are f...
Mohammad Amjad and Iqbal Mohammad
...ockey sticks are rising steadily, of tennis rackets, steady, of cricket bats, downward; of badminton rackets, insignificant. The increase in prices of raw material and wage rates of the workers has raised production costs and undermined the competitive power of the industry. High quality mulberry and willow timber is in short supply. The industry can be assisted by increasing the availability of quality timber at reasonable ...
G. M. Baloch and M. A. Ghani
...h include citrus, limes, tea. rubber, fruit, forage, park and many other broad-leaved trees (Mushtaque and Baloch, 1979). The dwarf mistletoes, Arceuthobium spp., attack coniferous forest trees (e.g., pines, fir, spruce, junipers, larch) while Viscuni spp. infest deciduous trees in parks, boulevard plantings, natural forests and orchards (e.g., olives, apples, almonds, cherries) (Gill and Hawksworth, 1961). Witchweeds, Striga spp., mostly dam...
G. M. Khattak
...ribed sizes. In 1871 teak was introduced from Burma at Sitapahar and Pahartali. The work at the latter site had soon to be abandoned due to damage by cattle.

Sir William Schlich, Conservator of Forests Bengal, visited these forests in 1875 and found that the hill tribesmen were free to cut and burn where they liked. A permit was required for exporting timber from the Hill Tracts and duty was collected on this timber at the toll station...

Mohammad Noor
...over of Agrostis gigantea and Potentilla sibbaldia increased significantly inside whereas Poa alpina was more outside the exclosure. The later reacted as increaser in the area open to grazing. Agrostis gigantea and Potentilla sibbaldia reacted as decreasers in the grazed area. The frequency of grasses and fobs was not affected....
Abeedullah Jan
...and from wide rolling plateaus to low broad plains. There are great deserts and wild lands in the north-west, while, rivers, streams and lakes stud the plains in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The climate is dominated by the monsoonal winds rising out of the difference in the heat absorbing capacity of the land and the ocean. A combination of high temperature and plenty of rainfall provides favourable conditions for afforestation and farming. C...
Abdul Aleem
...owl e.g., swans, marbled teal etc....
Bahadur Ali Khan
...but damage. In 1968-69 a team of 14 watershed officers including seven foreign experts visited Northern Area Watershed. I asked a foreign expert to express his opinion about Watershed Management in Northern Areas, he looked at the bleak mountains and remarked: Nothing can be done, let the nature take its Couise. During the current year, the present Government which is giving top priority to the development of Northern Areas, sent a
M. A Quraishi and Manzoor Ahmad
... is used internally as a teanicide especially for tapeworms and is a mild laxative. Externally it is used in in case of dimness of vision. (4)...
Anwar Masrur, PFS (I)
... quantitative methods instead of purely qualitative and deductive studies. The paper describes some aspects of morphometric analysis of Kunhar river watershed including stream order, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, constant of channel maintenance, stream frequency, shape, slope and elevation....
Dr. K. M. Salim and Gul Shahid
...e to place. There is a steady wind blowing most of the time usually from the South-East to North-West. Storms are common when the temperature rises above 80°F in June and July. Drought is common in summer months. ...
Zaka-Ullah
...kistan. Melampsora epitea (Kze. and Schm). Thuem. appeared in an epiphytotic form on nursery plants. Absence of large scale and compact plantations of Willows seemed to be a limiting factor in the appearance of few other pathogens in epiphytotic forms. No bacterial or virus disease was observed....
Malik F. H. Ferdosi1, Iqra Haider Khan2, *Arshad Javaid2, Muhammad Nadeem3 and
Ayesha Munir4
...3%), methyl
stearate (1.57%), pentacosane (1.44%), phytol (1.33%), heptacos-1-ene (1.20%),
heneicosane (1.19%), and 1-hexacosene (1.09%). The remaining less abundant
compounds were present with peak areas less than 1%. Literature survey showed
that the major compounds identified in the flower extract of C. procera possess
various bioactivities including ant-diabetic, anticancer, antihyperglycemic,

*Arshad Javaid1, Iqra Haider Khan1 and Malik F. H. Ferdosi2

...were
methyl stearate (5.51%), stigmasterol (5.12%), campesterol (4.19%), phenol, 2,2'-
methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-(2.52%), 11-octadecenoic acid,
methyl ester (2.10%), squalene (1.89%), β-amyrin (1.88%), eicosanoic acid, methyl
ester (0.85%), tetracosanoic acid, methyl ester (0.88%), dronabinol (1.02%) and 2-
methoxy-4-vinylphenol (0.96%). Most of the identified compounds possess ...

Nada Hamzah Shareef Al Shabbani1, Marwa Jamal Hussain Al Kinani2*, Tmara Qais Al-Mohammadi1 

...cabies burrows who visit teaching hospitals and private dermatology clinics in Kut, Wasit Province, Iraq. Treat groups were split into 30 females, and 20 males; with persistent itchy nodular lesions of scabies demonstrated clinically and histopathologically. Everity grade scabies was evaluated by the number of lesions and rated it as severity of itching. Long-term treatment with topical glucocorticoids for 14 days in every age. Tissue from the blisters of pati...

Siti Fatonah*, Herman and Dewi Yuni Safitri

...gn: justify;">Mucuna bracteata and Cymbopogon citratus are fast-growing plants, easy to find and contain various secondary metabolites. Therefore, these two types of plants can be used as an alternative bioherbicide for weed control. This study aims to determine the effect of aqueous extracts from fresh leaves of C. citratus, M. bracteata and a mixture of both on the germination and growth of Paspalum conjugatum and Borreria...

Muhammad Arslan Akbar1, Khalid Javed2, Asim Faraz3, Abdul Waheed3*, Ecevit Eyduran4 and Muhammad Tariq5

...cral pelvic width (SPW), teat diameter (TED), teat length (TEL), testes length (TsL), scrotal circumference (SC) and testes width (TsW). Positive and highly significant (P≤0.01) correlations among different morphometric traits were present in overall animals of 0-12-month age groups of Thalli sheep such as WH, BL, HL, HW, EL, EW, NL, NW, HG, RL, BD, SPW, BiW and BW. The results of principal component analysis of data for ...
Fangmei Zhang1,2, Xiaocen Zhao1,2, Li Qiao1,2, Shibao Guo1,2, Li Zhang1,2
Jian Yin1,2, Zhou Zhou1,2, Chuleui Jung3 and Shubao Geng1,2*
...ng chemosensation in the tea looper, Scopula subpunctaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), the types, morphology, quantity and distribution of sensilla on the antenna were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that females and males antennae were filiform, bipectinate, respectively, which be divided into three segments, scape, pedical and flagellum that consisted numerous individual flagellomeres, respectively. There were eight kinds and twel...

Umair Khatri1, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1*, Shahzor Gul Khaskheli1 and Omer Mukhtar Tarar2

... acid 13.20g/100) BMP, (stearic acid 3.97g/100) OMP, (margaric acid 3.43g/100) BMP, (behenic acid 1.15g/100) BMP, (arachidic acid 0.37g/100) BMP and (lignoseric acid 0.34g/100) BMP. Unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) followed by (trans linoleic acid 66.49g/100 BMP, (cis oleic acid 34.26g/100) OMB, (gamma 6.24g/100) BMP, (eicosenoic acid 2.64g/100) BMP, (linolenic acid 1.60g/100 BMP, (erucic acid 1.07g/100) BPM, (nervonic acid 0.89g/100) BMP, (eicosadienoic acid 1.9...

Muhammad Ardas Daruslam1, Muhammad Irfan Said2*, Nancy Lahay3

...s such as pH (<4), protease enzyme activity (0.3835-0.4259 U/mL) and total Lactate Acid Bacteria (LAB) (5.5-6.00 log CFU/mL). The Ec-En product produced from P1 produces the best characteristics compared to other treatments. Application of P1 for 15 minutes (T1) of fermentation time was able to reduce ammonia gas in laying hen feces by (9.77-36.90 ppm).
 
Keywords | Ammonia, Eco-enzyme, Laying hens, Vegetable waste
...

Kh. Amber1, S.G. Kotb1, W.A. Morsy2* and W. Khalifa1

...m. Supplementation of protease enzyme in diets enhanced growth performance of broiler chickens.

...

Xiaoping Gao1, Yanping Li2*, Renyi Zhang3, Yunyun Lv2, Yongming Wang2, Jinrong Shi2, Jiang Xie2, Chiping Kong1 and Lekang Li1

...of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Here, we determined the complete mitogenome of S. cyphotergous using an Illumina Hiseq X Ten sequencer. This mitogenome’s structure is typical circular with 16,611 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region. The overall base composition of S. cyphotergous is 31.33% A, 25.89% T, 26.49% C, and 16.29% G with a slight AT bias of 57.22%. Most mitochondr...

Suhair Sh. Al-Siraj1, Jihan M. Badr2 and Dalia M.A. El-Masry3*

... or manage infections instead of antibiotics. This study examined the antibacterial effects of Bay leaf (laurusnobilis) aqueous extracts and nano-emulsion against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and their effects on virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. The MIC) minimum inhibitory concentration (of both was determined using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) micro dilution to asse...

Waheed Iqbal* and Muhammad Faheem Malik

...ocales of the Potohar Plateau, Punjab, Pakistan. An annotated checklist of the butterfly fauna was prepared using a total of 1117 specimens of butterflies from 32 species across 22 genera, 11 subfamilies, and four families from this study. With 14 (43.75%) species, the Nymphalidae family was dominated that was followed by the Pieridae family, which had 13 (40.62%) species, the Lycaenidae family, which had three (9.37%) species, and the Papilionidae family, whi...

Ria Dewi Andriani1, Lilik Eka Radiati1, Teti Estiasih2*

...tion or cream in coffee, tea, chocolate, or cakes. The dairy creamer powder should be stable after reconstituting in water and have a good stability emulsion. Therefore, emulsifiers are important ingredients in dairy creamer preparation to prevent separation. Emulsifiers with good emulsifying and stabilizing properties will improve the stability and consistency of dairy creamer. Usually, emulsifiers used for dairy creamer are mono and diglycerides that produce...

Ying Zhong1,3,4, Jingni Chen1, Chunping Huang1, Huaiyuan Jin1, Jinlu Huang1, Lining Zhao1, Yi Geng3, Guiping Wang1,4 and Xueqiao Qian1,2*

...ll entered the growth plateau at 4 h after inoculation. In addition, the pathogenicity of the three V. parahaemolyticus strains were similar. In the present study, V. parahaemolyticus was identified as one of the pathogenic bacteria causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis of L. vannamei, and the O1:KUT and OUT:KUT serotypes may be the main pathogenic strains in Zhuhai. These results provided a foundation for the isolation, identification, and pathogenicity stu...
Ayub Khawar1, Noor Khan1*, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Mahroze Fatima1, Fayyaz Rasool3, Khalid Mahmood Anjum4, Hamda Azmat1, Shahid Sherzada1, Anjum Khalique5, Sadia Nazir1, Sheeza Bano1, Sakhawat Ali6 and Muhammad Asghar1
..., T1 and CTRL groups. Protease concentration was significantly higher in T3 fish, followed by the T1, T2 and CTRL fish groups. Lastly, the presence of Lactobacillus fermentum was confirmed in the T1, T2 and T3 fish groups. Overall, the results showed that urea treated sugarcane bagasse can be used as a feed ingredient for C. idella and has no adverse effect on the nutritional value of fish.

...
Marlon Reinaldo Castro-García1*,Vanessa Gabriela Espinoza-Posligua1, Francisco Horley Cañarte-García1, Doris Fernanda Rizzo-Alcivar2, Christian Simón Rivadeneira-Barcia1 and Alex Alberto Dueñas Rivadeneira3
...erization of Cordia lutea gum films. The films were prepared by heating gum-water solutions at 80 ±1 ° C for 5 minutes. The chemical analyzes of acidity, pH and ° Brix were made in the gum of C. lutea. The variables determined in the films were opacity, thickness, tensile strength, water vapor permeability, elasticity, film solubility and microbiological analysis. Results showed that the optimum ...

Khalil1*, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli2, Montesqrit2, Andri3

...wed fish by traditional steam cooking is susceptible to bacterial activity and nutrient degradation during storage due to insufficient drying and sterilization. Calcined bivalve shell had antimicrobial effects and was potentially used as a preservative ingredient to improve fishmeal’s shelf life and nutritional value. The present research aimed to study the beneficial effect of calcined mussel meal (CMM) as a preservative agent to improve fishmeal’...

Ririn Siti Rahmatillah1*, Diky Ramdani1, Iman Hernaman2, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Yulianri Rizki Yanza2

...of livestock. Meanwhile, tea can act as a natural additive in ruminant diets. Different tea product supplementations (including leaf, extract, and waste) have the potential to improve the performance and health of ruminants. Both past and current studies regarding the effects of various dietary tea leaf products on ruminants do not show a comprehensive outcome. Therefore, this meta-analysi...

Kashif Nazir1*, Asmat Nawaz1, Shahzad Hur2, Mashal Mehreen3, Moazam Ali Saim4, Seraj Ud Din4, Inam Ul Haq5 

Saitul Fakhri1*, Heni Suryani2, Teja Kaswari1, Munawwaroh Pane1, Neneng Hariyati1, Dodi Rolis Limbong1, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Daniel Komwihangilo4

...a levels for ammoniated steamed oil palm fronds (OPF). Four treatments were evaluated, i.e., T1: ammoniated steamed OPF (control); T2, T1 + 1% urea; T3, T1 + 3% urea; and T4, T1 + 5% urea. Fresh OPF was steamed in an autoclave at 121°C and 1.4 atm pressure for 30 min. Steamed OPF was ammoniated with 1, 3, and 5% urea according to the treatments. Afte...

Milivoje Uroševic1, Darko Drobnjak1, Radomir Mandic2* and Sava Lazic3

... to udder circumference, teat circumference and teat width. No statistically significant difference was found for the amount of milk obtained from left or right mammary complex.

...

Dedes Amertaningtyas1*, Alia Salsabilla Putri3, Nur Rohman Rizqi Pudya Permana3, Silvia Rosa Al Rahma3, Premy Puspitawati Rahayu1, Rlm. Satrio Ari Wibowo2, Ragil Yuliatmo2, Eko Nuraini2, Rischa Amalia Saleha1

...ile strength, ductility, tear strength and water absorption) and chemical quality (water content, fat content, protein content and water activity (Aw)). The research results showed that the highest average values were elongation (56.02 ± 6.29%), thickness (0.50 ± 0.08 mm), tensile strength (33.91 N/mm2), weakness (8.63 ± 0.48 mm), tear strength (18.28 ± 0.43 Kg/cm), water absorption (185.81 &plusm...

Ehab Hussein1, Edris A.M.1 and Ghada A.K. Kirrella2*

...f PAHs in charcoal beef steak in El-Gharbia governorate (Egypt), as well as to reduce the level of contamination after using thyme oil, LABs and marination. A total of 40 random samples of charcoal-grilled beef steaks classified into 10 untreated and 30 treated samples were collected randomly from different markets in El-Gharbia governorate, Egypt. Each sample was wrapped in a plastic bag, in anicebox and transferred to the ...
Anum Razzaq*, Tariq Mahmood, Ammara Saman, Ammara Baig, Nadeem Munawar and Muhammad Farooq
...occurs in the Pothwar Plateau and is associated with agro-ecosystem of the area. No particular scientific studies have been focussed on dietary habits of this species in particular Plateau. Therefore, the focal aim of the current study was to investigate the dietary habits of Indian gerbil by using micro-histological analysis of stomach contents in croplands of the Pothwar Plateau and to s...

Qamar Ullah1,2, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1*, Raheela Akhtar1 and Aftab Ahmad Anjum3

...tal of 96 udder quarters/teats of buffaloes with SCM were arbitrarily allotted to three different groups, i.e., platelet-rich plasma (PRP) group (n=32), antibiotic group (n=32) and PRP plus antibiotic group (n=32). Whole blood was taken from the animal’s jugular vein, and PRP was prepared by double spin open method and infused intra-mammary to the same animal from which the blood was taken. An intra-mammary antibiotic was administered intra-mammary to th...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

October

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 5, pp. 2001-2500

Featuring

Click here for more

Subscribe Today

Receive free updates on new articles, opportunities and benefits


Subscribe Unsubscribe