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Ye Liu2, Yulong Cong2, Yiming Shao1*

...ing preclinical/clinical applications of Tat and its working mechanisms, this review exhibits the superior potential of Tat as immunoregulator on optimizing immune responses mediated by vaccines. These examples of selected studies will provide researchers some implications and inspirations for using HIV Tat to optimize immune responses of vaccines.

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Aradhana Chopra1, Ravi Shukla2 and Tarun Kumar Sharma2,3*

...ndidate for a variety of applications. Since the last decade, aptamers have been regarded as an emerging player in biology. They have found applications not only in biosensors, but also in other areas such as diagnostics, biomarker discovery, drug delivery, bio-imaging and molecular therapy. In this review we have summarized recent advancements and applications of aptamers in biology.

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Simon Mwangi Kihu1*, George Chege Gitao1, Lily Caroline Bebora1, Njenga Munene John1, Gidraph Gachunga Wairire2, Ndichu Maingi1, Raphael Githaiga Wahome1, Davis Njuguna Karanja1, Julius Otieno Oyugi3, Ernest Lutomia3

...ch were confirmed by the application of a reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Collectively, results indicate the continuous persistence of PPRV in Kenya.

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Qin Zhao1,2, Yani Sun1,2, Gaiping Zhang1,3, Frederik Widen4, En-Min Zhou1,2,*

[email protected]

...s are analyzed for their application in serological diagnosis of HEV.

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Khalid Usman, Aziz-Ur-Rehman

...age and time of nitrogen application as well as soil type and cropping system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of spring wheat seeded in three tillage systems viz., zero (ZT), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) to split application of N fertilizer [50 kg N at sowing + 100 kg N ha-1 at first irrigation (T1); 50 kg N at first irrigation + 100 kg N ha-1 at second irrigation (T2); 50 kg ...

Muhammad Arif1, Fazal Jalal1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Dost Muhammad2

...with and without biochar application. Biochar was applied at the rate of 0 and 50 t ha-1 with four N levels of 0, 90, 120, 150 kg ha-1 to subsequent maize crop. Biochar significantly enhanced plant height and grain yield. The plots previously sown with legumes produced taller plants and high number of grains ear-1. Nitrogen application increased plant height, number of grains ear-1, thousand grains weight, grain and biologic...

Salma Shaheen, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani

...hout EM. In 2009-10, the application of EM with Press mud @ 20 t ha-1 significantly enhanced spinach growth by exhibiting higher average spinach plant height (35 cm), number of leaves (16.4), fresh foliage yields (330 g pot-1), dry foliage yields (32 g pot-1), leaf length (40.5 cm) and leaf area (238.4 mm2) relative to poultry manure, compost or FYM treatments. Similar trend was observed during 2010-11. Over all, press mud with EM was more effective in improvi...

Chun-Yi Lin1, Meng-Ling Wu2, Tang-Long Shen1, Hsin-Hung Yeh3, Ting-Hsuan Hung1*

 

Rashid Saleem1*, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmad2, Muhammad Abbas Anees2, Abdul Razzaq3 and Ashiq Saleem1

 

...egumes in maize and with application of poultry manure improved the organic matter and nutrients of soil.

 

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Malik Ikram Ullah1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1*, Muhammad Sadiq1, Inayatullah Awan1, Muhammad Munir2, Ghazanfarullah1

...an be improved through N application and complete reliance on protein and mineral supplements for farm livestock can be reduced.

 

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Leonard Izzard1, 2, John Stambas1, 2*

...ext-align: justify;">The application and use of miRNA-based technology in influenza research is rapidly expanding. miRNAs are currently being used to manipulate pathogenicity and immunity and as biomarkers for disease severity.

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Imdad Sohu1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi2*, Ghulam Raza Bhutto2, Muhammad Salim Sarki2, Rabail Gandahi3

...mples were recorded. The application of organic sources of farmyard manure and poultry manure in combination with inorganic NPK fertilizers had shown positive effect on chickpea plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1 and seed index. The growth and yield of chickpea significantly increased with the collective application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures. It is concluded that the

Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Muhammad Arshad Khan

...mulberry foliage through application of urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP). Urea at the rate of 608 kg/ha and DAP at the rate of 260 kg/ha was applied on six mulberry varieties. The results showed a deficiency in nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and manganese in soil before the fertilizer application. Contrarily, high copper and potassium contents were found. After three weeks of fertilizer application

Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro*, Habib-Ur-Rehman Memon, Muhammad Ali Ansari, Ahmed Naqi Shah

...eedy check. The combined application of sorghum @ 15 L ha-1+ Dual Gold @ 1.25 L ha-1 resulted in weeds mortality upto 66.6%, produced seedcotton yield of 3961.4 kg ha-1 and gave net benefit of Rs. 2,20,029. Sunflower applied @ 15 L ha-1 in integration with Dual Gold @ 1.25 L ha-1 showed weeds mortality of 65.5 %, resulted in seedcotton yield of 3949.7 kg ha-1 and net monetary benefit of Rs. 2,19,821. Sole applicatio...

Brittany D. Rife 1,2, Marco Salemi 1,2*

E-mail | [email protected]

...ique opportunity for the application of phylogeography at the intra-host level, which has until recently been limited by dataset quality and the lack of a rigorous statistical framework. As recently described in studies using the SIV-macaque model of neuroAIDS, the incorporation of
spatial, temporal, and demographic inference into intra-host evolutionary analysis using Bayesian phylogeography allows for inference of pathogen migration bet...

Claudia Kohl*, Andreas Nitsche, Andreas Kurth

Email: [email protected]

...ne of these emerging NGS applications and offers the opportunity to study i.e. whole ecosystems. Basically, the metagenomics approach is similar to well-known shotgun-sequencing, though on a much bigger scale. For instance, the metagenome of a lake would include all the fish, ducks, plants, fungi, bacteria and everything else that belongs to the lake. If we apply this approach to clinical samples we can identify the community of etiological pathogens, without ...

Mudasir Irfan Dar*, Fareed Ahmad Khan and Farha Rehman

E-mail | [email protected]

...es. Therefore, pesticide application at high concentrations can be considered as a kind of stress, similarly to other stresses such as salt, drought and low or high temperatures.

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 Nagina Zeb, Muhammad Sajid, Abdul Mateen Khattak and Imtiaz Hussain

...g) was obtained with the application of 200 mg K2O pot-1. In case of maleic hydrazide, the plants grown under control treatment took minimum days (112.9) to flowering, maximum plant height (47.06 cm) and number of leaves (57.89) plant-1. Maximum fresh flower weight (47.85 g) and dry flower weight (5.80 g) was observed with 1500 ppm maleic hydrazide. The interaction between “potassium” and “maleic hydrazide” showed significant effects fo...

Mushtaq Ahmad1*, Habib Akbar1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Muhammad Jamal Khan Khattak2 and Abdul Bari3

Kang-Seuk Choi

... VLP technology has many applications. This paper reviews the potential of VLPs as an alternative to IBD vaccines, along with their specific applications in the field.

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Muhammad Amjad Nadim1*, Mohammad Safdar Baloch1, Ejaz Ahmad Khan1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Kashif Waseem2

...nd was also noted by the application of micronutrients (alone and in combination with NPK). Addition of boron @ 2 kg ha-1 enhanced almost all growth parameters. The use of NPK and organic fertilizers had, however, non-significant interaction with micronutrients during both the experimental years. It was concluded that application of NPK (recommended dose) along with boron was the best combination for obtaining higher yields ...

Abiodun D. Olabode

...is area. However, proper application of fertilizer and expansion of existing farmland should be adopted among the rice farmers in the study area and other related environment.

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Yongfeng Li, Mo Zhou, Xiao Wang, Libao Xie, Hua-Ji Qiu*

...ini-review discusses the applications of reporter CSFV in the study of CSFV biology, including efficiently screening the antivirals against CSFV and viral receptors, conveniently tracking the viral proteins in live cells as well as improving diagnostic methods and vaccines for classical swine fever.

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 Zar Muhammad and Mohammad Tariq Jan

...c amendment like compost application can improve soil quality and enhance crop production in agricultural system. Two years field trials were carried out during 2011-12 at New Developmental Farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. Thirteen compost treatments including control as main plot treatment and two fert-N levels (0 and 75 kg N ha-1) as subplot treatments were used. Compost materials i.e. farmyard manure (FYM), cereal residue (CR) and ...

 Aqila Shaheen

...n the basis of this data application of integrated soil conservation practices could improve the soil sustainability and crop productivity of eroded lands. Furthermore, this data could also be helpful in developing policies, strategies and programs for the conservation of eroded lands.

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 Farmanullah Khan, Samad Khan, Wiqar Ahmad and Imran Khan

...m these results that the application of plant nutrients from a variety of natural and manufactured fertilizer sources improve crop yield as well as augment the fertility of soils suffering from water erosion hazards.

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 Gul Naz and Mohammad Akmal

...N-fertilizer demand with application are need of the day to overcome on N-leaching from the soil and to ensure future food security. Present study was, therefore, conducted in two seasons (2011-12 and 2012-13) at the Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. Treatments were laid-out in a randomized complete block design; split plot arrangements using four replications. The experiments were comprising of seven N-rates i.e. 0, 30,...

 Abdul Qahar and Bashir Ahmad

...tantially increased with application of both the nutrients. However, sulfur content in plant tissue did not vary with increasing N from 250 to 350 kg ha-1, but was considerably improved with respect to control. It is concluded that R-2210 produced maximum yield, BCR value and N content in tissue with 350 kg N ha-1, however S content in soil and in tissue was more with 40 kg S ha-1. Hence, it is recommended that 350 kg N ha-1, and R-2210 should be used for opti...

 Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro, Qamaruddin Jogi, Mahmooda Buriro, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro, Ghulam Mustafa Laghari and Ali Nawaz Khaskheli

 

...d to control. Integrated application of eucalyptus powder at 30 g kg-1 soil+eucalyptus water extract at 30 ml kg-1 of soil and eucalyptus powder at 20 g kg-1 soil+eucalyptus water extract at 20 ml kg-1 soil showed highest inhibitory effect. In both aforesaid treatments, lowest and statistically similar values of germination, root/ shoot length and fresh/ dry weight seedling-1 were recorded for both C. arvensis and C. rotundus, respectively. The water extract o...

Sayeda Sarah and Muhammad Ibrar

...t Mycorrhiza) along with application of various levels (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) of rock phosphate (RP) fertilizer on spores density and percent root colonization of selected sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in P-deficient soil. It was observed that spore density and AMF root colonization was higher in the soil of control (RP0) plants, which decreases progressively with increasing fertility level. Less number of spores and percent root colonization was f...

Allah Wadhayo Gandahi, Khalilluah Panhwar, Rabail Gandahi, Muhammad Saleem Sarki and Mahmooda Buriro

... ha-1; and plots without application of K (120-70-0 kg ha-1) and PK (120-0-0 kg N ha-1) increased number of red leaves. In case of micronutrients, Zn @ 4 kg and B @ 1.5 kg ha-1 were highly effective to control reddening of leaves, respectively. Interactive effect of NP @ 120-70 kg ha-1 × Zn @ 4 kg ha-1 resulted in maximum reduction of red leaves. Regardless the application of N, P or K and their control, reddening of l...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Rysanek

...m cyanamide through soil application to control sugar beet cyst nematodes Heterodera schachtii. Lecanicillium muscarium decreased nematode population significantly (P=0.05 and caused reductions in final numbers of cysts per 250 g of soil, eggs and juveniles per cyst. Nematicides effects were not quite significant among each other but had tremendous effects in reducing nematode population compared to that of untreated control. A significant (P=0.05) reduction i...

Mazhir Nadeem Ishaq, Li Cui Xia, Rukhsana Rasheed, Zeeshan Ahmad, Muhammad Abdullah

...w inferences include the application of t-test, binary Logistic model and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) with algorithm of near neighbor (NN) and interval matching. The impact of cooperative membership on small milk producers was evaluated by calculating the values of average treatment effects (ATE) on eight performance indicators. The outcomes of study disclosed that cooperative members have higher farm income, more milk production, reared improved cattle br...

Ghani Akbar, Muhammad Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Asif, Iqbal Hassan, Qurban Hussain3 and Greg Hamilton

...y;">Excessive irrigation application and intensive tillage is the norm on Pakistani farms, which exacerbate water logging and salinity and reduce the water productivity of major crops. Addressing these issues, a long term experiment (2000 to 2009) under wheat-maize (9 seasons each) cropping pattern was conducted on raised beds (with furrow spacing of 65 cm (Narrow Bed-NB), 130 cm (Medium Bed- MB) and 180 cm (Wide Bed-WB)), with controlled traffic regime emplac...

Atul Sharma, Aruna Chandra Singh, Gautam Bacher, Sunil Bhand

...opment of new biosensing applications for detection of specific target molecules. In the present review, we concentrate on the recent advances in the development of aptasensors for antibiotics residue analysis based on electrochemical signal generation. Aptamers possesses the strong potential as receptors for the development of biosensors for antibiotics detection; therefore, a specially designed aptamer specific to an antibiotic may be suitable for this purpo...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

... were enhanced after the application of L. muscarium, followed by D. oviparasitica and S. rugosoannulata. The reproductive rate (Rf = Pf/Pi) of nematodes was much higher in the non-treated plants than those that were treated. The root quality of the fungus-treated plants was significantly improved. All fungi conclusively proved to be effective against H. schachtii and need to be further investigated at the molecular level.

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Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

...gyne hapla, through soil application under greenhouse conditions. A significant (P=0.05) reduction in the number of galls and egg masses, eggs and juveniles (J2), and the reproduction factor (Rf=Pf/Pi) was observed in the plants treated with L. muscarium compared to the control. However, all chemical nematicides were also effective in reducing the nematode infestation significantly (P=0.05) in soil compared to the control, but there was no significant differen...

 Ali Murad Rahoo1,2, Tariq Mukhtar3,*, Simon R. Gowen1, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4 and Shaukat Ibrahim Abro5

...tan, the development and application of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) depend on the use of host insects for in vivo production. As there is little information regarding relationship between nematode dosage and production of infective juveniles (IJ) of Steinernema feltiae and ability to locate hosts, therefore, in the present studies investigations were done on these aspects. A significantly greater emergence of IJ of S. feltiae from Galleria mellonella was ...

Süleyman Kök1*, Sertaç Atalay1, Hasan Semih Eken2 and Mustafa Savaşçi3

...extinction recently. The application of gene specific molecular markers in genotyping and genetic identification is of essential significance for preserving genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to reveal the genotype profile of indigenous types for TGC breed. In order to characterize TGC population, two polymorphic loci in cattle Calpain gene (CAPN1) and one polymorphic locus in Calpastatin gene CAST were studied. In order to sort the allele variants (...

Muhammad Shafiq and Tahir Maqsood

...icantly in response to B application. Regarding chemical analysis concentration of boron in both wheat straw and grains increased with B application but there was no effect of fertilizer B on NPK concentration of straw and grains. These results are very heartening; signifying that for any soil, B adsorption isotherm need to be worked out for location precise fertilizer B use.

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Xiangxing Zhu1, Junyu Nie1, Shouneng Quan1,2, Huiyan Xu1, Xiaogan Yang1, Yangqing Lu1, Kehuan Lu1 and Shengsheng Lu1*

.... However, the practical application of hGFAP-DsRed transgenic Guangxi Bama mini-pigs in neuroscience research requires solving the germline transmission problem of the phenotype.

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Salma Shaheen, Mumtaz Khan, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani, Zarina Bibi, Muhammad Munir and Mehwish Kiran

 

...rmation regarding its co-application with organic wastes and chemical fertilizers on enhancing spinach yield is scarce. A pot experiment was conducted at Gomal University D.I. Khan, Pakistan, during 2009-10 to study the changes in soil fertility and spinach growth after the application of EM with organic wastes and chemical fertilizers. The six treatments were; control (T0), 10 tons (t) ha-1 farm yard manure (FYM) (T1), 20 t...

Hina Fatima, Lal Almas and Bushra Yasmin

...about the rate of inputs application i.e. seed, pesticide spray and NPK that are best suited to the local weather patterns and cropping systems.

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S. Bushra1,*, M. Tariq1, M. Naeem1, M. Ashfaq1, I. Bodlah1 and M. Ali2
...i>D. rapae after the application of treatments was studied and analyzed statistically. The study revealed that plant extract can be toxic to paprasitoid D. rapae. This study will help us to use those insecticide formulations, which not only kill the aphid pests but are also eco-friendly to natural enemies and our environment.
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Pinar Oztopcu-Vatan1, Gokhan Kus2, Emine Inan3, Melek Gunindi Korkut3, Selda Kabadere4,* and Ruhi Uyar4
...nd 140 µM for 48 h applications. Used as a positive control, 250 µM 5-Fluorouracil decreased the cell survival by only 40 % after 48 h, but licofelone treatment with the same dose and time duration decreased the number of surviving cells by 87 %. Treatments with 150, 200 and 250 µM licofelone caused early apoptotic cell rates of 4, 15 and 24 % for 24 h and 6, 13 and 24 % for 48 h, respectively. In addition, 150, 200 and 250 µM of 5-Fluo...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Sara Ferrando2, Lorenzo Gallus2 and Abdul Ghaffar3
...actor associated to feed application in treated ponds. Body composition of the fish was not significantly (P>0.05) different in both the treatments, though protein and lipid contents of fish in treated ponds were greater than that of control ponds. The moister content of liver, muscle, viscera and whole body were not significantly different in control and treated ponds. These results concluded that feed including 42% protein and 20% lipid are best fo...
Maoying Zhu, Yuntao Ji, Xiaoyu Wang, Junying Pu and Changqing Qu*
... commercial and clinical application of ADSCs.
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Ahmad Khan1, Raza Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Zameer Khan1, Fayyaz Hussain1,Muhammad Ehsan Akhtar2, Jalal-Ud-Din3
... t/ha were obtained with application of plant derived HSs; SFDHSs and MDHSs respectively, while 24.7 t/ha bulb were obtained with CDHA applied at the rate of 20 kg/ha. Almost same trend was observed with respect to the number of bulbs per plot. The highest number of 28.3 bulbs/plot were obtained in CDHA given at 20 kg/ha, followed by 25.5 and 24.6 bulbs/plot in SFDHSs and MDHSs both applied at 30 kg/respectively. On overall, results from this study implies it ...

Usman Shakoor1*, Mudassar Rashid1, Abdul Saboor2, Nabila Khurshid1, Zuhair Husnain2 and Abdul Rehman2

...h periods and fertilizer application (today or in the future) will certainly increase production. This scenario demands devising adaptation strategies for farmers to be made available, this should be the key policy intervention of the government to cater with the climate change on agriculture and particularly on maize. Fertilizer management and crop variety choices according to the changing climate will address this serious concern expected in the future.

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Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty

Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...ldquo;multiplexed” applications. Better, easier and cheaper than polymerase chain reaction or antibody detection, rolling circle amplification using the bacteriophage 29 DNApolymerase allows for a reliable diagnosis of geminiviruses and presumably all viruses with small single-stranded circular DNA genomes. The results show the efficiency of this technique in characterizing viral DNA components of several geminiviruses from experimental and natural host ...

A. K.Bhattacherjee and B. K. Pandey

Dissipation of carbendazim in mango after pre- and post-harvest treatments
... as well as post harvest applications. Two pre harvest sprays of [email protected] and 0.1 per cent were given to mango fruit (cv. Chausa) at 10 days interval in such a way that last spray fell 12 days prior to harvest to control post harvest diseases viz., anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) and stem end rot (Lasiodiplodia theobromae). Carbendazim dissipated to 1.01 and 2.14 mg kg in mature whole fruit after harvest (12 days after second spray) at 0.0...

Palash Mondal1 , Amitava Konar2 and N. Johnson Singh3

Evaluation of insecticidal schedules for the management of insect pests of potato
...nt T which received soil application of phorate followed by spraying of chlorpyriphos,imadicloprid and cartap hydrochloride, respectively at 40, 55 and 70 DAP than other treatments. Maximum yield of healty potato tuber was recorded in the plot treated with chlorpyriphos before planting and foliar spray of acephate, imadichloprid and chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin at 40, 55 and 70 DAP(T ).Yield of damaged tuber caused by soil pests was found maximum in control pl...

B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran

Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management
...d mainly for direct soil application in nurseries/main fields to suppress the soil-borne inoculum. In liquid state fermentation, Trichoderma is grown in inexpensive media like molasses and yeast medium in deep tanks on a commercial scale. Biomass from the liquid fermentation can be made into different formulations like, dusts, granules, pellets, wettable powders. Trichoderma formulations can be applied to the seed either by dry seed treatment or by seed biopri...

Basudeb Dasgupta, Partha Dutta and Srikanta Das

Biological control of foot rot of betelvine (Piper betle L.) caused by Phytophthora parasitica Dastur
...the treatment where four applications of the Trichoderma preparation ha-1 at quarterly intervals were given. The maximum foot rot disease was recorded in control treatment. The yield parameters like fresh weight of 100 leaves and leaf yield were good in treatments where BM was applied. Trichoderma applications resulted in better c : b ratio during 1 st year, where as applications of P. flu...

Debjani Chowdhury, P. C. Paul and B. Dasgupta

Management of leaf spot of Centella asiatica (Thankuni) caused by Alternaria sp. and target leaf spot of Rauvolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha) caused by Corynespora cassicola

Amitava Konar, Palash Mondal and N. Johnson Singh

Occurrence of potato pests in different dates of planting in Gangetic plains of West Bengal, India
...as maintained except the application of insecticides. It was observed that the crops of first planting (at 3rd week of November) harboured less pest infestation. However, the whitefly infestation was found lower in second and third plantings (at 4th week of November and 1st week of December). The infestation of soil pests such as molecricket, cutworm and potato tuber moth were found minimum in crops of 1st date of sowing resulted in producing highest number of...

Sitansu Pan and Amrita Das

Population proliferation and spread of Trichoderma spp. in soil under two different delivery systems
...xt-align: justify;">Post application population proliferation (build-up) and spread of Trichoderma spp., Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride in three different types (sterilized, solarised and natural) clay loam soil at 50% water holding capacity (pH 6.5) was studied both under laboratory and field conditions following two types of delivery systems, through organic based (vermicompost + neem cake (90% + 10% w/w)) and seed based (sterilized wheat seed)...

M. S. A. Mamun and M. Ahmed

Integrated pest management in tea: prospects and future strategies in Bangladesh
...istance, preparation and application methods of new botanicals and microbial pesticide formulations, evaluation of field bio-efficacy and conservation of biological agents, cultural control measures, genetic techniques and sex pheromones technology. In tea husbandry, cultural control measures such as plucking, pruning, shade regulation, field sanitation, fertilizer application, manipulation or destruction of alternate hosts ...

Sitansu Pan and Amrita Das

Control of cowpea (Vigna sinensis) root and collar rot (Rhizoctonia solani) with some organic formulations of Trichoderma harzianum under field condition
...tment combinations. Soil application of Trichoderma in vermicompost +20% neem cakes gave better disease control over the others.

...

Amitava Konar, S. Paul and Kiran A. More

Efficacy of different insecticidal treatment schedules against aphid and whitefly on brinjal
... all the treatments soil application of phorate at transplanting, followed by foliar spray with acephate, thiodicarb and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki at 50, 70 and 90 days after transplanting, respectively) and seedling treatment with imidacloprid before transplanting, succeeded by foliar spray with imidacloprid, novaluron, B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki and novaluron at 30, 50, 70 and 90 days after transplanting were most effective in reducing the aph...

A. Regupathy and R. Ayyasamy

Initiatives of papain industry by private-public-farmer link-ages in classical biocontrol program for papaya mealybug in Tamil Nadu
...n. The need for repeated application of insecticides and dearth of labour for application of insecticides made it difficult for the farmers to maintain the crop and forced many farmers to even abandon papaya crop cultivation altogether. Considering the drastic reduction in the wet latex supply, SPFP has taken up series of initiatives which are summarized in this paper. Initially, a survey made in more than 80 farmers holding...

Md Riton Choudhury, Koushik Brahmachari, Sudeshna Kar and Rupayan Deb

Integration of weed management practices in rice-potato-groundnut cropping sequence
...ofitably replaced by the application of herbicides. From the point of eco-safety measures and economy, combination of hand weeding and mulching can be judiciously recommended in potato and groundnut.


...

Goutam Mondal

Plant growth promoting activity of some indigenous Tricho-derma isolates and their field performance against sheath blight of rice in old alluvial zone of North Bengal

Abhijit Ghosal and M. L. Chatterjee

Bioefficacy of imidacloprid 17.8 SL against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in brinjal
...-neonicotinoid as foliar application against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 50 g a.i./ha, was found superior against whiteflies among other treatments, received lowest number of whitefly population (1.55/plant) and offered maximum reduction of whiteflies (83.15%) as well as highest marketable fruit yield (146.50 q/ha). However, imidacloprid at lower doses showed nearly similar results. The other neonicotinoid, thiamethoxam also pr...

D.K. Hazra, Megha Pant, S.K. Raza and P. K. Patanjali

 

Formulation technology: key parameters for food safety with respect to agrochemicals use in crop protection
...in dose rate or repeated applications to get desired bioefficacy which lead to accumulation of pesticide residues in food commodities along with environmental pollution. Conventional formulations, because of their characteristics i.e. dustiness and use of volatile organic solvents in their preparation maximize several problems like health haz-ards and environmental pollution etc. With the increasing awareness of toxic effects of conventional formulations, ther...

Lakshman Chandra Patel and Chandan Kumar Mondal

Management of causal agents of chilli leaf curl complex through bio-friendly approaches
...te fly was recorded with application of diafenthiuron at 15 days interval from seedling to early fruiting stage. Among the ecofriendly options, alternate use of garlic with spirit performed better than their single repeated use starting from seedling to early fruiting stage at every 15 days interval. 

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Goutam Samui and S. Jha

Biology, seasonal incidence and management of Apsylla cistellata Bucton. on mango in West Bengal
...anaging the pest. Hence, application of insecticides had to be synchronized with the emergence of nymphs. To manage the shoot gall psylla, mechanical control (Pruning) and insecticidal control measure were taken up in the district of Murshidabad. In mechanical control, both pruning of 15 cm and 30 cm of affected shoots resulted in the formation of lower number of gall/shoot as compared to control. But pruning at 30c m had been found to be most effective in man...

Amitava Konar and N. Johnson Singh

Occurrence of aphids on various potato germplasms in eastern gangetic plains of West Bengal
...tices except insecticide application. The aphid species viz. Myzus persicae (Sulzur) and Aphis gossypi Glover were recorded first during third week of December and crossed the threshold limit (20 aphids/100 compound leaves) during first to second week of January in Kufri Chandramukhi whereas in Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Joawhar, the pest was observed first by fourth week of December and attained the critical level during second to third week of January. The pest i...
Bushra Niaz1,*, Tahir Zahoor1, Muhammad Atif Randhawa1 and Amer Jamil2
...xploited in several food applications. Keeping in view the increased demand of natural antimicrobial agents to control prevalence of food borne pathogens in final packaged food products as well as for food preservation/ biocontrol, this study was designed to isolate lactoferrin from milk of camel. Cation exchange resin (CM-Sephadex C-25) was used for the isolation of lactoferrin using the fast protein liquid chromatography. The lactoferrin was further characte...
Sohail Ahmed, Muhammad Arshad and Babar Hassan*
...oncentrations by dipping application in contrast to coating method. Drying of woods prior to resin application was also effective in resisting termites’ infestation. The findings of treatment with resins are discussed with previously cited effects of resins and its implication in wood preservation.
...
Freeha John, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem and Muhammad Hamed 
... mid-Nov sown crops. Two applications of insecticide were used to control aphids during the season. Aphid infestations were higher in untreated plots of mid-Dec sown crop followed by end-Nov and mid-Nov sown crops. Heavy infestation of aphids in untreated plot caused for reduction in plant photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content. Untreated plots had significantly less grain yield as compared to treated plot in all three crops. Cost benefit ratios were sign...
P.P. Ghosh*, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya and M.K. Bhattacharjya
...ddressed by prophylactic application of lime at 500 kg/ha and bleaching powder 20 kg/ha in the soil four weeks before transplanting followed by seed dressing with 20g bioinoculant formulation per kg seed, pre-transplanting seedling root treatment with 20g bioinoculant formulation per litre and spot soil application of 7 days old mixture of bioinoculant formulation and well rotten cow-dung manure (1:40 w/w) or need based cura...
1Sitesh Chatterjee, 1Chirasree Gangopadhyay and 2Santosh Kumar Roy
...aged properly in seedbed application with chlorantraniliprole granule 0.4% WW/SR in seven days prior to seedling uprooting along with spraying of indoxacarb 14.5 SC /chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC /flubendiamide 48% SC in the main-field. The leaf folder was also managed properly by application of chlorantraniliprole granule in seedbed along with spraying of chlorantraniliprole/spinosad in the main-field. The incidence of dead ...

Shahid Iqbal Khattak1*, Mohammad Safdar Baloch1, Khalid Naveed2 and Ejaz Ahmad Khan1

...replications. Fertilizer applications (foliar and soil) were assigned to main plots, while nitrogen levels 0, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 120 kg ha-1 were kept in sub plots. Results revealed that foliar application of N significantly (P≤0.05) affected plant height (89 cm), tillers m-2 (313), grains spike-1 (48), 1000-grain weight (43.0 g) and economic yield (3760 kg ha-1). Foliar applied nitrogen also produced higher nitrogen use ...

Khurram Shahzad and Mohammad Akmal*

... in the world, the split application of N is beneficial to the crops in terms to avoid N-mobility in the soil and improve its use efficiency for crops. This study, therefore, aimed to identify split applicarion of N rates and timings for wheat performance in recent weather condiction. Experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar in 2015-16 in a randomized complete block (RCBD) design with four replications. Seedbed...

Shah Saud Ahmad and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*

...ity building. Fertilizer application was the major skill stated by overwhelming majority of (95%) respondents followed by improved agricultural technology (94%) and sowing methods (93%) learned through FSC. Mass contact method was rarely used in the study area as only 10% of the respondents ranked it very high and 28% respondents reported it very low on likert scale. It can be concluded that FSC had developed the linkages of the respondents with agriculture re...
Noor Islam1, Muhammad Amjad2, Ehsan ul Haq3, Elizabeth Stephen1 and Falak Naz4
...7 to 84.33% up to fourth application of treatment. High mean value for honey yield (9.3 kg) was recorded by formic acid, followed by lemongrass (8.8 kg), thyme (8.5 kg), lemon (8.5 kg), basil (7.7 kg) and oregano (7.6 kg) per colony as compared with control colonies (3.8 kg) per colony.
...
Mazher Abbas1, Irfan Mahmood1*, Arshed Bashir1, Tahir Mehmood2, Khalid Mahmood1 and Zubair Ikram1
... practice and fertilizer applications. Positive and significant impact of family income is influencing the adoption of every recommended practice. The present paper concluded that various human resource factors like age, education and experience of the citrus growers and yield mound/acre of citrus had relative significant impact of the adoption of different recommended practices.
...

Aftab Wajid1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Awais2, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman3*, M. Aown Sammar Raza2, Usman Bashir2, Muhammad Naveed Arshad1, Sana Ullah4, Muhammad Irfan5 and Umair Gull1
 

... cotton yield beyond the application of 200 kg N ha-1. It is predicted that seed cotton yield increased with additional increment of nitrogen (>200 kg ha-1) but it is not significant change in yield per unit increment as compared with previous ones. 

...

Murad Ali1, Farmanullah Khan1, Wiqar Ahmad2* and Imran Khan1

...gn: justify;">Fertilizer application from integrated organic and inorganic sources is universally accepted agronomic practice for improved yield and soil properties. However, determination of a suitable dose from either source that could beneficially and easily combine to give maximum output still needs lots of research. The experiment was conducted during wheat season 2014-15 on a selected water eroded site in District Swabi. Fourteen treatments viz the contr...

Muhammad Ibrahim and Ahmad Khan*

...roved emergence m-2, the application of 50% FYM had increased plant at harvest (2%) over control (no-fertilized) plots. In conclusion, the plastic mulching had increased emergence. Thus a more optimum source of 50% N from farmyard and 50% from urea would be more suitable for appropriate phenological stages and improved crop stand.

...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,Waqas Wakil2 andMuhammad Hussnain Babar3

 

...lusmn;1.66%) in combined application of NPV and flubendiamide. Dose of flubendamide was the key factor for type of interaction, its combination with NPV at lower dose showed synergistic interaction (CTF≥20). While rest of the combination showed additive effect (CTF≤20). Integration of NPV and flubendiamide proved more fatal at higher concentrations than the individual application at lower concentration for pupation and...
Kadir Karakuş1, Bahat Comba2, Abuzer Taş3, Tunahan Sancak3, Arzu Comba2, Devrim Saripinar Aksu4, Hasan Koyun5 and Mohammad Masood Tariq6,*
...f the animals before the application and every two months for a total of 4 times for 6 months and hormone analyses were performed. The order of statistical significance for TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) were found as Surgical > Control > Formol (P <0.05). The order of statistical significance for growth hormone was Formol = Surgery > Control (P<0.05). In August month, the application factor was found to be...

Sadia*, Abdur Rab, Sayyed Hamad Ahmad Shah, Irfan Ullah, Farida Bibi and Islam Zeb

... of deblossoming and GA3 application on fruit drop and growth of winter guava was carried out in Horticulture Farm at The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during 2016. RCB Design was used for this experiment with three replications i.e. factor A was Deblossoming Time (Control, May, June, July, August and September) and factor B was GA3 application (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm). Results demonstrated that minimum ...

Syed Tanveer Shah* and Muhammad Sajid 

...t of pre-harvest calcium application on the post harvest life of peach. The research was laid out in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) Design with three factors replicated three times. Peach fruit trees at berry stage were sprayed with three sources of calcium (calcium chloride, calcium nitrate and calcium sulphate) at three calcium concentrations (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) stored for 30 days at 10 days interval. The experimental results showed that calcium sources, c...

Abdur Rab1*, Muhammad Sajid1, Naveed Ahmad1, Khalid Nawab2, Syed Ghias Ali3

...luence of foliar calcium application on tomato crop grown in saline conditions was investigated by exposing tomato plants to 0, 75 and 150 mM salinity; and foliar application of 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25% calcium solutions. Salinity stress increased leaf Na+ and Na+/ K+, fruit firmness and blossom end rot (BER) incidence but significantly decreased the leaf K+ and Ca content of the fruit and yield. The foliar calcium ...
Asad Abdullah1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Waqar Hassan2,    Samina Khalid3, Yasir Iftikhar4, Muhammad Arshad1 and Jaime Molina-Ochoa5,6
...cotton cultivars. Foliar application of neem seed, Azadirachta indica extract was applied upon reaching economic threshold levels of B. tabaci and A. biguttula. The insect pest population was recorded 24 hours before and 24h, 72h and 168h after spray. Maximum reduction of 60.20% of B. tabaci on Bt cotton was recorded at 6% NSE while at 2% concentration of NSE after 148 hrs, 39. 16% reduction was observed. While maximum reduct...
Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Arshad1, Mubasshir Sohail1,2 and Jaime Molina-Ochoa3,4
...ntrol measures including application of chemicals are adapted to resistor the influx of mites in hives of honey bee. The indiscriminate use of pesticides involve many problems; cause resistance in mites, residual in honey, wax and potentially hazardous to man and environment. Plant-derived mixtures are normally more easily degradable and could show a minor undesirable impact on environment with respect to synthetic compounds. This study was planned to check th...
Nargis Bano and Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*
...lant to both pre-harvest application of salicylic acid and drought treatments. The design of the experiment was a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five water regimes (150ml, 175ml, 200ml, 225ml, 250ml) and five levels of SA at (0.0mML-1, 0.5mML-1 1mML-1, 2mML-1, and 3mML-1) as the main factors and four replications. The experiments were conducted in the research area of AAUR Pakistan....

Ghani Akbar1, Steven Raine2, Allen David McHugh3, Greg Hamilton4 and Qurban Hussain5 

...evealed existing average application efficiency of low quarter (AE lq) 71%, 87%, distribution uniformity of low quarter (DU lq) 70%, 80% and adequacy of low quarter (AD lq) 100 %, 90% for NB and WB, respectively. Majority (67%) of WB irrigations monitored were under irrigated while large number (50%) of NB irrigation were over irrigated. Simulation modelling showed that achievement of above 90% Potential Application Effic...
Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Muhammad Shahid, Abdul Shakoor*, Muhammad Safeer, Imran Khan, Ayesha Farooq, Iftkhar Ali and Usman Nazir
...mize methods of B and Zn application in maize and ultimately enhance profitability. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement during autumn 2015. Treatments were replicated three times. The treatments were comprised of C = no Zn and B (Control); Zn (S) = soil application of Zn @ of 12 kg ha-1; B (S): soil application of B @ 3 kg h...

Sikandar Hayat, Khalid Usman* and Muhammad Tahir Amin 

...appropriate N fertilizer application method may be a possible solution. Field trials were carried out to explore suitable row spacing and N fertilizer application method for zero tillage wheat at Agronomic Research Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan (D. I. Khan), Pakistan in 2015-2016 wheat growing season. The experimental design was randomized complete block with split plot arrangement replicat...
Müge Aliye Hekimoğlu*, Cüneyt Süzer,Şahin Saka andKürşat Firat
...love oil. For short-term application the safe dose for clownfish was 0.4 ml/l phenoxyethanol and 1 ml/l clove oil. For swordtail fish, the ideal amount of phenoxyethanol was 5 ml/l and 6 ml/l clove oil. These safe doses reduce handling stress and mortality.
...
Mahreen Yahya, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem, Muhammad Hamed and Sajid Shokat 
...n Lasani-08 variety. Two applications of insecticide, (imidacloprid @ 625 ml/ hectare), significantly controlled the aphid population and enhanced the yield of all wheat varieties. The higher aphid infestations in untreated plots resulted in less chlorophyll content and reduced photosynthetic activity. Photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll contents were significantly higher in insecticide treated plots. Maximum cost-benefit ratio was found (1:9.2) in NW-1-8183-8...
Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz
...p>) showed that nitrogen application @ 150 % N of recommended dose with drill sowing proved to be the most cost effective technique for fodder oat production in salt affected soil as compared to other treatments.
...
Teresa Napiórkowska* and Julita Templin
... experiment based on the application of temperatures of 14 and 32°C changed every 12 h for the first ten days of spider embryogenesis.
...

Imran Ali Rajput1*, Tajwer Sultana Syed1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Imran Khatri1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2 

...pesticides at repetitive application have increased the input cost of local farmer and similarly aroused the serious problem of pest resistance. The introduction of transgenic cotton since last decades has played a significant role in suppressing the pest population of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund) which is the main pest of cotton in all over the world. Nevertheless, the indigenous botanical extracts have been used effectively against various suck...

Bibi Haleema1*, Abdur Rab1 and Syed Asghar Hussain2 

..., boron, and zinc foliar application on growth and fruit production of tomato was investigated during the year 2013 at ARI Tarnab, Peshawar to optimize calcium, boron and zinc concentration for enhancing the growth and fruit related attributes of tomato. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block (RCB) Design with 3 factors, replicated 3 times. Calcium (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9%), Boron (0, 0.25, 0.5%) and Zinc (0, 0.25, 0.5%) were applied as foli...
Temel Gokturk1, Elif Tozlu2,* and Recep Kotan2
...n 19.58%-42.08% in nymph applications, and between 6%-18% in adult applications.
...

Rafiullah*, Muhammad Jamal Khan and Dost Muhammad 

... deficient condition and application without any detrimental effect on wheat crop. 

...
Saleh S. Alhewairini1,* and Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2
...gement. After the direct application of Huwa-San TR50, N. cucumeris could also sustain its population on treated and/or dead T. urticae, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Statistically, the difference between laboratory and greenhouse conditions was insignificant (P > 0.5, using F-test Graphpad prism 7). Up to 3000 ppm of Huwa-San TR50 reduced the population of N. cucumeris by 11.83 and 17.66% under greenhouse and laboratory c...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...applied in two different applications. A foliar application by spraying and watering application by adding the to the irrigation water. After 2 days of applications, daily monitoring was conducted for 10 days to record any dead or paralyzed adults and/or larvae. Dead and paralyzed adults or larvae were found particularly in foliar <...
Rana Fartab Shoukat1, Shoaib Freed1,*, Kanwar Waqas Ahmad1 and Ateeq-ur-Rehman2
... 4.7) was observed after application of Ma-11.1(LC40) + nitenpyram (LC40) mixtures under laboratory and field conditions (71.5 ± 7.4). The results showed a significant effect of binary treatments of fungi and chemical insecticides on biological parameters of C. pipiens and its progeny (P<0.05). The insect pathogenic fungi showed compatibility with insecticides and the combined application

Safdar Ali1*, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Shahid Mehmood2, Asim Gulzar3 , Ijaz Ahmad4 and Bashir Ahmad Khan5 

...o-till followed by twice application of glyphosate herbicide (NT + GH), (iii) Once Mould board plowing followed by twice application of glyphosate herbicide (1 MBP + GH), (iv) Once Mould board plowing followed by 4 cultivations with planker (1 MBP + 4 CS), (v) Once disc harrowing followed by twice application of glyphosate herbicide (1 DH + GH), (vi) Once disc harrowing followed by 4 culti...

Naila Riaz1 , Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2* , Khizar Samiullah3

...ost-treatment of topical application, respectively. It is concluded that oral treatment of venom was more efficient compared to its topical treatment with same doses of treatment.

 

...

Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1, Khanum Zahra2, Arooj Zaheer2, Khizar Samiullah3

...echanical properties and applications of silk in health, military industry and many other fields is discussed. Its antifungal and antimicrobial potentials are also explored. Researchers are trying to introduce advanced methods to manufacture spider silk artificially to enhance silk production. Silk fiber can be designed after determining type and sequence of constituent amino acid or by inserting silk producing gene in another suitable animal.

...
Jo Ik-Hwan1, Choi Kwang-Won1 and Muhammad Fiaz2,*
...’t need any manure application for optimum crude protein yield, whereas 100 kg N/ha manure would be adequate for overall optimum forage yield and 150 kg N/ha needed for obtaining optimum carrying capacity for Hanwoo heifers. Similarly, Rye pea mixed culture didn’t need manure application for optimum crude protein yield but 50 kg N/ha manure would be needful for adequate dry matter yield and carrying capacity for ...

Imran Khan*, Zahir Shah, Wiqar Ahmad, Farmanullah Khan and Muhammad Sharif 

...nd inorganic fertilizers application to wheat crop on organic matter, micro-nutrient status and physical properties of soil at the NDF Farm, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2015-16. The study was planned in RCB split plot design with fertilizers; control (Farmer’s practices, FP, 60-45 N-P2O5 kg ha-1), NPK recommended dose (RD, 120:90:60 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1), 5, 10, 15 and 20 t FYM alone (FYM5,10,15,20) and 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1 FYM in combina...

Muhammad Ijaz Khan* and Amanullah Jan 

... on the effect of gypsum application as sole or in combination with the other SC revealed that addition of gypsum had significantly increased all parameters as compared with no gypsum application. It is concluded that farmyard manure (10000 kg ha-1) and gypsum (1000 kg ha-1) with five irrigations at the known critical stages (at emergence, 4 leaves, 8 leaves and tassel visible and blister) performed better as compared with o...
Alim-un-Nisa1*, Sajila Hina1, Sania Mazhar1, Imran Kalim1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Naseem Zahra1, Shahid Masood1, Muhammad Khalid Saeed1, Qurat-ul-Ain Syed1 and Maida Asif2
Muhammad Naeem1, Bushra Sadia1,2,*, Faisal Saeed Awan1and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
...lytic agent having broad applications in treatment of various diseases like ischemia, Budd-Chiari syndrome, myocardial infarction, brain stroke and myocardial infarction. Strain improvement is an important approach for its hyper production. In this connection, wild bacterial strain Streptococcus equisimilis was mutagenized using ethidium bromide and UV radiation. The colonies (15 each) showing > 1% survival rate at 150 min of UV exposure and 12 % sur...

Raania Ahsan* and Zafar Altaf**

...cantly reduces pesticide application and increases yields; however, these advantages are curbed by the high prices charged for genetically modified illegal cotton seeds in the country. National Biosafety Guidelines of 2005, must be followed to approve all genetically modified crop varieties including cotton. This will encourage the introduction of this advanced technology through legal means with its complete package of benefits. After approval of Bt cotton cu...

 Sikander Khan Tanveer, Shaheena Yasmin, Imtiaz Hussain, M.Yaqub Mujahid*, Muhammad Munir and Muhammad Asif**

...-1 was obtained with the application of full fertilizer and FYM. Minimum grain yield and biological yield were recorded with no fertilizer and only FYM application. Different combinations of fertilizer NP with and without FYM did not have any significant effect on quality parameters i.e., test weight, PSI and percent flour yield.

...

 Badaruddin Khokhar*, Imtiaz Hussain** and Zafar Khokhar*

 Rahmat Ullah Khan, Abdur Rashid*, Mohammad Sohail Khan** and Erdogan Ozturk***

...rowing season (2008-09), application of 3 kg ha-1 HA alone produced significantly (P<0.05) higher grain yield (2999.9 kg ha-1) and increased the yield by 24% over the control and saved 100% cost of the chemical fertilizer. Results suggested that HA applied alone at 3 kg ha-1 or in combination with half (30:20 kg ha-1) rate of NP fertilizers appeared to be the most economical rate to obtain the maximum yield of wheat under the rainfed conditions of Dera Isma...

 Ahmed Aziz Kurd, Amanullah, Saifullah Khan, Basharat Hussain Shah and Munir Ahmed Khetran*

...thylene bags without IBA application. Plants were kept in a shade house and humidity was increased manually by hand sprinkling (four times in a day). Highest rooting percentage (60%) was obtained in the cuttings treated with 3000 ppm. The maximum average number of roots per cutting (4.443) and average root length (5.687 cm) were recorded with 4000 ppm IBA treatment. Percentage of rooted cuttings decreased with increased IBA concentration, whereas, number of ro...

 Ashiq Saleem, Habib Iqbal Javed, Rashid Saleem,* Muhammad Ansar** and M. Amir Zia*

...e in its number of split applications. The highest maize grain yield of 8014 kgha-1 was observed in plots where 120 kgha-1 of Potash was used in three splits. While minimum grain yield was recorded in control. In sorghum, maximum grain yield (4356 kgha-1 ) and stalk yield (13422 kgha-1 ) was recorded with the application of 120 kgha-1 of Potash with three splits. All the parameters except plant height had significant effect ...

Halima Shoukat1*, Hafiz Sheraz Arshad2, Faiza Sharif1, Arooj Fatima1 and Filza Shoukat

...ausible to conclude that application of static stretching at holding times of 30, 60 and 90 seconds can significantly improve the ROM of knee extension. Stretching techniques with different holding times were equally effective in improving knee extension and gaining hamstring flexibility in adults. 

...
Promy Virk
... the green synthesis and application of the Au/Ag nanoparticles offer a novel approach in nanomedicine for diabetes management.
...

 Nazakat Nawaz, Malik Shah Nawaz*, Nasir M. Cheema** and Mubashir A. Khan*

Corresponding author:[email protected]

ZINC AND IRON APPLICATION TO OPTIMIZE SEED YIELD OF MUSTARD
...000-seed weight with the application of 5 kg Zn ha and 1.5 kg Fe ha in combination at the time of sowing. It can therefore be concluded that 100 % -1 seed yield of mustard variety BARD-1 increased at 5 Zn: 1.5 Fe kg ha as a -1 -1 result of increased pods plant , number of seeds pod and 1000-seed weight.

...

 Parvez Khaliq*, Muhammad Azim Malik**, M. Aslam Gill*** and
Nasir M. Cheema*

Corresponding author: [email protected]

EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON MAIZE FODDER YIELD UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN
...yield enhanced, with the application of RF+FYM. However, the effect of FYM+RF and recommended dose of fertilizer was statistically non-significant and on average basis RF+FYM treatment -1 produced higher green fodder (19971.5 kg ha ) than fodder yield of 18349.1 kg -1 ha produced by applying recommended dose of fertilizer. However, green fodder yield produced with these two fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than that of the FYM and control treatm...

 Amanullah, Ahmed Aziz Kurd, Saifullah Khan, Munir Ahmed and Jahangir Khan*

 
Corresponding author:[email protected]
BIOFERTILIZER- A POSSIBLE SUBSITUTE OF FERTILIZERS IN PRODUCTION OF WHEAT VARIETY ZARDANA IN BALOCHISTAN
...horus (P) fertilizer -1, application rates as compared to a high fertilizer treatment (N 90 kgha P2 5 O -1 60 kgha ). The high mineral fertilizer and biofertilizer + half mineral fertilizer treatments were compared with a control treatment (no fertilizer). Significant grain yield were measured at all sites, although, at all sites both fertilizer treatments apparently out yielded the control and the biofertilizer + half mineral fertilizer treatment out yielded ...

 Hidayatullah, T. Mahmood, M. Farooq, M. A. Khokhar and S.I. Hussain*

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AFFECTING SEX EXPRESSION OF BOTTLE GOURD (LAGENARIA SICERARIA MOLINA) PLANTS
...;The effect of exogenous application of various levels of -1 ethrel (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 µmol l ); Gibberrelic Acid (GA 15, 30, 45 3 ; -1 -1 and 60 µmol l ) and Maleic hydrazide (MH; 200, 400, 600 and 800 µmol l ) on sex expression of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Molina) plants cv. Faisalabad Round was investigated under field conditions in National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Plants sprayed with distilled water were co...

 Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed, Muhammad Ansar*, Ashiq Saleem**, Zafar ullah Arif*, H.I. Javed and Rashid Saleem**

IMPROVEMENT OF MASH BEAN PRODUCTION UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS BY RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION AND LOW RATES OF STARTER NITROGEN
...) was augmented with the application of inoculation alone and non significant differences were noted among the varieties. Biological yield were also significantly increased by inoculation and nitrogen fertilization but inoculation alone was more effective by giving maximum economic yield. Various treatments exhibited significant differences for harvest index; however, maximum harvest index (22.04 %) was recorded in control plots. N in soil was increased by ino...

 Parvez Khaliq*, Azim Malik**, Nasir Mahmood Cheema* and Muhammad Umair***

ECONOMICS OF WHEAT BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN RAINFED AREAS OF PAKISTAN

 Safdar Ali, Sahiba, M. Azim Malik, Fayyaz-ul-Hassan and M. Ansar*

GROWTH OF RAINFED FODDER MAIZE UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
...Overall, the -1 nitrogen application @ 180 kg ha increased the green fodder and dry matter yield by 12.33% and 51.50%, respectively. Similarly, with -1 phosphorus application @ 90 kg ha , the 36.80% and 46.26% increase was observed in green fodder and dry matter yield, respectively. In combination -1 of nitrogen and phosphorus @ 180:90 NP kg ha , there was a significant increase in green fodder and dry matter yields through ...

 Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Muhammad Arshadullah, Arshad Ali and Imdad Ali Mahmood*

EFFECT OF BORON NUTRITION ON PADDY YIELD UNDER SALINESODIC SOILS
...25) were recorded with B application @ 1 kg ha . B concentration in grain increased with boron application. Positive correlation (r= 0.94) was found between B contents in grain and paddy grain yield. Economical analysis showed that maximum value cost ratio was -1 (12.5:1) with the application of 1.5 kg B ha .

...

 A.A. Mengal* , M. U. Mallah, Z. A. Mirani* and B. N. Siddiqui**

AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
...de information regarding application of irrigation and private extension field staff provided advice for the use of plant protection measures. Significant differences were observed between public and private extension field staff on various statements regarding competency level and agronomic practices.

...

 Wabekwa, J.W., I.A. Sodagni and F.K. Mohammad*

PHYSIOLOGICAL GROWTH AND YIELD EVALUATION IN PMINERALIZED SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUS L.) UNDER SUDANOSAHELIAN AGRO-ECOLOGY, NIGERIA
...cated that increased P O application (40-80 kg ha ) 2 5 enhanced grain filling efficiency and this influenced weight per 1000 -1 grains during both years. The application of 40 kg P O ha increased grain 2 5 -1 yield statistically in 2010 rainy season (2289.10 kg ha ) and the combined -1 -1 analysis (1565.20 kg ha ). During 2011 rainy season, 80 kg P2O5 ha -1 recorded statistically higher grain yield (1153.60 kg ha ). Similar...

 Muhammad Arshadullah, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Arshad Ali and Imdad Ali Mahmood*

CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF SULFUR AND CALCIUM ON WHEAT GROWTH AND YIELD UNDER SALINE-SODIC SOILS
... were recorded with CaSO application @ 150 kg ha . Grain 4 yield was 43% more than control treatment. Positive correlations (r= 2+ + 0.96), (r=0.96) and (r=0.91) between Ca , K , S and negative correlation r= + (-0.99) between Na contents in grain and wheat grain yield, respectively. 2+ + It indicates presence of significantly higher Ca , K contents in grain 2+ + + receiving CaSO4 help plants to attain more Ca , K and S to avoid Na uptake.

...

 Muhammad Sohail*, Imtiaz Hussain*, Riaz-ud-din*, Syed Haider Abbas*, Maqsood Qamar* and Muhammad Noman*

EFFECT OF SPLIT N FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON PHYSIOAGRONOMIC TRAITS OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...t appropriate N rate and application method to enhance wheat productivity. -1 Three N rates i.e., 60, 90, and 120 kg ha and three application methods i.e. full basal N dose at planting and N application in two and three equal split doses at tiller formation and stem elongation stages. Maximum grain yield -1 -1 (5.20 t ha ) was achieved when N was applied @120 kg ha in three equal split dos...

 Hafiz Sultan Mahmood*, Munir Ahmad**, Tanveer Ahmad*, Muhammad Azhar Saeed* and Muhammad Iqbal***

POTENTIALS AND PROSPECTS OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN - A REVIEW
...f precision agricultural applications in Pakistani agricultural system. There is a scope of many precision technologies to be implemented in the country. In this perspective, farmers and government authorities should look forward to adopt new and sustainable technologies to increase the efficiency of available resources and reduce the input costs. Before this, the effectiveness of precision technologies needs to be realised in Pakistan through field experiment...

 Adnan Umair*, Safdar Ali**, Muhammad Sarwar***, Kashif Bashir**, Muhammad Javed Tareen**** and Muhammad Asghar Malik*****

ASSESSMENT OF SOME PRIMING TECHNIQUES IN MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA) : A GREEN HOUSE STUDY
...rimed dry seedling). The application of seed priming also improved the protein concentration at the early stage of seedlings. Phosphorous application through priming significantly improved germination up to 95%, seedling -1 vigour index up to 23.05 and protein content up to 2.17 (g FW).

...

 Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Maqsood Ahmad*, Gulshan Riaz* and Sartaj Khan*

PERFORMANCE OF SUMMER FORAGE LEGUMES AND THEIR RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUBSEQUENT OAT CROP IN SUBTROPICAL SUBHUMID POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
...infed conditions without application of fertilizers in Randomized Complete Block Design. The highest dry matter yield was obtained from millet (8.9 -1 -1 -1 tha ), followed by cowpeas (4.5 tha ), sesbania (4.4 tha ), rice beans (2.9 -1 -1 tha ), lablab bean (2.2 tha ) while cluster bean produced lowest dry matter -1 (1.7 tha ). Cluster bean had the highest crude protein content (23.2 %) followed by cowpea (22.6 %), lablab bean (21.6 %), rice bean (20.1 %) and ...

 Shafique Qadir Memon*, Nadeem Amjad**, Muhammad Safar Mirjat***, Abdul Quadir Mughal***, Khalil Ahmad Ibupoto***, Shabbir Ahmad Kalwar****, Asif Ali Mirani**** and Muhammad Azhar Saeed****

EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND USE OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MAIZE
... supplemental fertilizer application in maize production were greater than fresh maize production.

...

 Ali Ahsan Bajwa*, Ehsanullah*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Wahaj Nafees*, Mohsin Tanveer* and Hafiz Salman Saeed*

IMPACT OF FERTILIZER USE ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW
...and method of fertilizer application affect biological trends of weeds. In conservation tillage systems, the interaction between fertilizers and weeds is very complex, and there are reports of positive as well as negative correlations with weed establishment. Altered physical and chemical properties of reduced-tillage soils result in different weed growth and weed-crop competition periods and thus have indirect impacts on weed control strategies and management...

 Nazakat Nawaz*, Malik Shah Nawaz*, Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Mirza M. Yasin*, Doulat Baig*, Nasir Mehmood Cheema**, Muhammad Amjad** and M. Altaf Sher**

EFFECT OF BORON ON PEANUT GENOTYPES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...pplied. Boron fertilizer applications significantly 3 3 increased dry pod yield of all the tested genotypes over control. Dry pod yields of BARD-479, ICG-7326, and ICGV-92023 increased by 14- 20%, 21- 26% and 27- 34%, respectively. Genotype BARD-479 was the most boron efficient user, 83- 88% followed by ICG-7326, 79-83% and ICGV- 92023, 75- 79%. Critical boron concentrations in plant shoot terminals -1 recorded were 22-48, 23-50 and 25-54 mg kg during 2008 and...

 Aniqa Iram*, Javed Khan**, Nadeem Aslam**, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Habib Iqbal Javed**, Muhammad Irfan*, Awais Rasool*, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi** and Sumera Aslam* 

EFFICACY OF PLANT DERIVED OILS AND EXTRACTS AGAINST WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI (GENNADIUS) ON SESAME CROP
... 48h, 72h and 168h after application of each spray material. The results showed that whitefly population was significantly suppressed by both the botanical oils and extracts as compared to the control treatment but in general botanical oils showed significant results as compared to plant extracts. Soybean oil was quite effective in reducing whitefly population per leaf, while after second spray soybean oil and extract of Mentha spp. was more effective in the r...

 Muhammad Tahir*, Muhammad Irfan* and Aziz-Ur-Rehman*

EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ZINC ON YIELD AND OIL CONTENTS OF FLAX
...stify;"> The foliar application of micronutrients increases the yield and oil contents of flax. The present field study was conducted to find out the effect of foliar application of zinc on yield, yield components and oil contents of flax. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The 12 different zinc levels viz., control, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, 1.50%, 1.75%, 2...

 Nosheen Zahra*, Ghulam Sarwar* and Sher Muhammad**

COMPARISON OF GYPSUM AND POTASSIUM SILICATE FOR RECLAMATION OF SALINE SODIC SOIL
... effective treatment was application of the full required rate of gypsum.

...

 Khurram Nawaz Saddozai*, Umme Rubab* and Abass Ullah Jan* 

STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS OF MAIZE FARMERS IN AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR, PAKISTAN
...he use of more labor and application of farm yard manure is contributing significantly. It is recommended that the high input prices may be levelled off by the regulatory authorities so that farmers can apply the required crop inputs such as DAP and urea in study area. 

...

 Doulat Baig*, Fida Mohammad Abbasi*, Habib Ahmed*, Maqsood Qamar** and Muhammad Ayub Khan**

RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL TRAITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
...creased with increased N application. The increased levels of N -1 also enhanced the achene yield. The maximum achene yield (3170.8 kg ha ) was -1 -1 recorded at 180 kg N ha followed by 240 kg N ha . Minimum achene yield (2115 kg -1 ha ) was observed in control treatment (N ). Polynomial regression line showed 0 -1 that the rate of yield increase was higher up to 180 kg N ha and become slow -1 thereafter. The hybrid SMH-0907 produced more achene (2736 kg ha ) ...

 Imdad Ali Mahmood*, Arshad Ali**, Armghan Shahzad**, Muhammad Asif Masud Ghumman***, Muhammad Arshad Ullah**, Tariq Sultan** and Badar-u-Zaman**

CROP RESIDUES AND PHOSPHORUS EFFECT ON YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE AND WHEAT GROWN UNDER SALINE-SODIC SOIL
...rporation and phosphorus applications. Split plot design (crop residue in main plots and P application in sub plots) was followed with three replications. Biomass yields were collected at maturity of each crop. Maximum straw and grain -1 yields of both crops were harvested with the application of P O @ 80 kg ha along 2 5 -1 with crop residues incorporations. Overall 2.75 and 2.89 t ha of p...

 Azhar Usman Ali*, Ghulam Sarwar*, Muhammad Aftab* and Sher Muhammad**

EFFECT OF SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLIED COPPER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
...ough its soil and foliar application. For -1 this purpose, non-saline non-sodic soil (pH = 8.10, EC = 0.85 dS m , SAR = 4.60, saturation percentage = 29 % and sandy clay loam) was collected, brought to -1 green house and filled in the pots @ 6.5 kg pot . All these pots were irrigated to achieve uniform soil column. This experiment comprised 5 treatments viz., -1 -1 control, soil application of copper @ 2 mg kg (level 1), @ 4...

 Muhammad Farrukh Saleem*, Munir Ahmad*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza** and Abdul Shakoor*

EFFECT OF TOPPING UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS ON EARLINESS AND YIELD OF COTTON
...3) were -1 recorded with application of 150 kg N ha . While topping did show non-significant effect on these earliness related parameters. Number of sympodial branches was significantly affected by topping only; with maximum values recorded in no topping closely followed by topping at 150 cm height. Values showed that 90 cm tall plants -1 produced maximum seed cotton yield when supplied with 150 kg N ha ; 120 cm tall -1 plants gave maximum seed cotton with 200...

 Muhammad Mansoor*, Noman Latif*, Zafar Islam**, Sher Muhammad**, Amanullah* and Muhammad Umair***

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON SOIL CAPPING IN MUNGBEAN PRODUCTION USING CENTRAL PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN CLAYEY SOILS
...s and in three different application rates viz., 60:60, -1 45:45 and 30:30 kg plot and an un-amended soil plot was kept as control. The size of each plot was 4m x 3m. The results depicted that parameters such as number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of grains per pod, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield were significantly affected by different soil amendments at P>0.05, except for number of clusters per plant. -1 -1 Maxim...

 Muneeb Zafar*, Tahir Mehmood**, Irfan Ahmad Baig**, Abdul Saboor** Mazher Abbas***, Shumaila Sadiq** and Khalid Mahmood****

ANALYTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF NON-OPTIMAL USE OF PESTICIDES AND HEALTH HAZARDS FOR VEGETABLE PICKERS
....e., number of pesticide applications for vegetables (7-31) were substantially higher than the recommended dose. Health cost function was significantly different from zero as 2 indicated by F-stat (32.18) and it is also supported by R that about 70% variation in health cost is explained by medication accompanied by productivity loss (Rs. 223), precautionary measure (Rs. 134), attended person cost (Rs. 14) and traveling expenditures (Rs. 16). Hence, strict legi...

 Nisar Ahmed Soomro*, Abdul Fatah Soomro**, Hamz Ali Samo* and
Muhammad Siddique Depar***

GROWTH AND YIELD COMPARISONS OF FOUR COMMERCIAL WHEAT VARIETIES TO IRRIGATION FREQUENCIES
...suggested that judicious application of four irrigations will be adequate to produce higher economic grain yield ha .

...

 Abdul Razaq*, Muhammad Jamal Khan*, Tahir Sarwar* and Mohammad Jamal Khan**

EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION, SOWING METHODS AND MULCHING ON WHEAT YIELD AND NITROGEN UPTAKE
...orded at full irrigation application followed by 20% deficit. None of the interactions were found significant.

...

  Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saqib Shakeel Abbasi and Abid Hussain*

FARMERS PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE APPLICATION OF BIOZOTE IN SELECTED DEMONSTRATED RICE FIELDS AT HAFIZABAD AND SHEIKHUPURA DISTRICTS
... for fertilizer. Biozote application in rice crop was demonstrated at farmers' fields in Hafizabad and Sheikhupura districts under the project “Improving Soil Fertility and Soil Health in Pakistan”. The present paper aimed to assess the performance of biozote on rice and is based on perceptions of farmers involved in on-farm demonstration trials. Four different treatments on each selected plot were carried out for demonstration purpose by a team of...

 Muhammad Tahir* and Neelam Yasin*

EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTS FOLIAR APPLICATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF MAIZE
...ised of no micronutrient application (control), water spray and foliar application of micronutrients mixture @ 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 ml ha at stem elongation stage of maize. All micronutrients treatments significantly improved plant height, cob length, number of grains rows cob , cob weight, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, grain protein and grain oil contents. However, micronutri...

Mehwish Kiran*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani*, Kashif Waseem*
and Muhammad Sohail**

EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RADISH ( L)
...ficantly enhanced by the application of organic manures and NPK. The highest values were found in NPK treated plants followed by PM, GM, SS, PrM and FYM, respectively.

...

 Arshia Naeem*, Maria Anjum*, Mariam Rehman*, Zahid Mahmood** and Muhammad Asif Kamran**

AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM TO FACILITATE FARMERS IN WHEAT, SUGARCANE AND OTHER CROP DISEASES IDENTIFICATION
...op plants. An integrated application to facilitate farmers to communicate their crop related issues directly to agriculture scientists is proposed. This 'AXPERT Platform' consists of web application that provides user centered interface to farmers and a desktop application that facilitates agricultural scientists to identify crop diseases. A case study was developed from Faisalabad region ...

 Sadaf Javaria*, Muhammad Qasim Khan*, Kashif Waseem*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani*, Habib ur Rahman*, Muhammad Sohail Khan* and Muhammad Sohail**

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON IMPACT OF BIO AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZES ON COMPOSITION AND SHELF LIFE OF TOMATO ( ) FRUIT.
...nefits of bio fertilizer application were more in the presence of Farmyard Manure on quality of tomato in comparison with NPK. No work has been previously published to study the effect of effective microorganisms on taste active components of vegetable or fruit crops, and their correlation with physicochemical attributes and shelf life. Data are provided for the researchers for further investigation.

...

Muhammad Nawaz*, Anwar Javaid Wahla*, Muhammad Saleem Kashif*, Masood Qadir Waqar**, Muhammad Anjum Ali*** and Asim Raza Chadhar****

EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS NITROGEN LEVELS ON THE YIELD OF RICE GRAIN IN SHEIKHUPURA, PAKISTAN
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Farkhanda Khan2, Muhammad Kashan3, Qadir Ullah4 and Abdur Rauf5
...gardless of time of urea application. N treatments significantly affected the N uptake, N use efficiencies, lint yield and fiber quality traits. Drilling of 24 kg N ha−1 as DAP into soil at cotton seeding followed by three top-dressing of 42 kg N ha−1 each just prior to first, second and third irrigations significantly enhanced seed cotton yield, quality, N uptake and N efficiencies compared to conventional practices. In concl...
Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2 and Saleh S. Alhewairini1,*
...ater), respectively. The application of Huwa-San TR50 showed a promising safety profile when compared to other acaricides, as it spared predatory mites at concentrations which had a high lethality to tomato russet mites. Hence, Huwa-San TR50 can be utilized in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program as an acaricide agent.
...

Nadia Mubarik1, Aqib Iqbal1*, Iqbal Munir1 and Muhammad Arif2 

...udy the effect of foliar application of CaCl2 on alleviation of the adverse effects of water stress on maize (CV. Azam). The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) using pots in a glass house and comprised of 2 irrigations (irrigated and water stress) and three concentrations of CaCl2 (5, 10 and 15 mM CaCl2.2H2O) as foliar spray on maize seedlings 20 days after emergence (DAE). Water was sprayed as untreated control on maize seedlings 2...

Muhammad Suhaib1, Ijaz Ahmad2*, Masooma Munir3, Muhammad Bilal Iqbal4 , Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 and Safdar Ali6 

...th was observed with the application of salicylic acid. Same trend was found for root length. Salt stress lowered the chlorophyll contents, number of tillers and K+/Na+ ratio in both genotypes but the application of salicylic acid improve all the mentioned parameters significantly. The treatment effect of 0.25 mM salicylic acid was more effective under both levels of salt stress as compared to 50 mM salicylic acid treatment....
Waqas Ali1,*, Arshad Javid1, Syed Mohsin Bhukhari1, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Hira Rafique1
...lated to surveys design, application and ethical issues connected with these sampling techniques. It can be concluded from the literature survey that all sampling techniques have biasness related to geographical position, habitat and species under consideration. Pitfall traps are more effective for collection of ground dweller amphibians and reptiles having less jumping and climbing ability. Whereas, highly mobile species are captured through destructive means...

Azhar Mehmood1,2,*, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem2, Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3, Tasawer Abbas4, Ali Zohaib2, Hafiz Tassawar Abbas

...2=DK-4040). The combined application of nitrogen (N1) (150 kg ha-1) and boron B1 (2 kg ha-1) also resulted in maximum net income (88518 Rs.) and benefit cost ratio (1.25) for Hysun-33.
 

...

Habibullah* and Sahib Alam  

...d before sowing, while N application was carried out in splits to the crops. The study was conducted in district Buner, Pakistan using randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement. Biochar was applied at the rates of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ton/ha as the main plot factor. The immediate effect of biochar was assessed on maize crop integrated with four levels of N viz. 0, 100,150 and 200 kg/ha applied as sub-plot factor. The residual impact of the pr...

Feroza Haider1,2, Shamim Gul2,3*, Javaid Hussain4, Sadaf Asalam Ghori5, Muhammad Naeem Shahwani6, Muhammad Murad6 and Abdul Manan Kakar

...erived biochar at higher application rates and manure-derived biochar at all application rates showed significant influence on crop growth performance of B. rapa. Wood-derived biochar at all application rates and manure-derived biochar at higher application rate reduced significantly the concentration of iron and zinc in roots of B. rapa. 

...
Ghulam Muhae-ud-Din1,4, Anam Moosa1, Umer Farooq Ghummen1, Muhammad Jabran1, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed2, Abdul Jabbar1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1,3,*
...ts were subjected to the application of endophytic bacteria Pantoea agglomerans strain MN34 and Pseudomonas putida strain MN12 in a pot experiment. Both endophytes significantly decreased the galling index and promoted the growth of the plants root length, shoot weight and canopy length; however, the highest root weight was observed in the control treatment. P. agglomerans showed more reduction in galling index and increase in plant growth...

Madeeha Alamzeb1, Shazma Anwar1, Asif Iqbal1,2*, Song Meizhen2, Mazhar Iqbal3, Sara4, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Afza Tabassum1
 

Safdar Ali1*, Obaidullah Shafique1, Tariq Mahmood2, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Ijaz Ahmed3 and Bashir Ahmad Khan

... to demonstrate that the application of nanotechnologies have no harmful effect on the atmosphere against the anomaly based only on small amounts of toxicological research and concerns about the safety of nanomaterials.

...

Ashraf Sayed Awaad1 and Mohamed Zaki Fathy2*  

...T) as well as successful application of the needle within the epidural space guided by ultrasonography (US). This study was conducted on seven lumbosacropelvic regions of goat cadavers and five live goats of both sexes ranged between 25-30 kg body weight. Longitudinal and cross anatomical sections were done on these samples; the sections were photographed and compared with coronal and sagittal sections of CT images. While transverse and parasagittal US were pe...

Fayaz Ahmad1*, Noorullah Khan1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Qamar uz Zaman1, Shamsul Islam1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1 and Sair Sarwar

...aves per shoot) with the application of potash @ 120 kg ha-1. Shoot thickness was also significantly affected by time of pruning and application of potash fertilizer. Early deep punning of tea bushes in the dormant season (December) and application of potash fertilizer increased the foliage biomass production by 47.26% as compared to late pruning (March) and without the
Tariq Mukhtar
...gnita on tomato. The application of T. harzianum and T. viride significantly increased shoot weight and decreased root weight of tomato in a dose dependent manner. Doses of 8×103 and 1×104 cfu/g of soil showed maximum increase in shoot weight and decrease in root weight. On the other hand, both the antagonistic fungi caused significant reductions in number of galls, egg masses, eggs per egg mass and reproduct...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Waqas Wakil3 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*
...bserved three days after application when B. thuringiensis and flubendiamide were applied in combination (@0.5 kg/ha+75ml/ha, respectively). Maximum infestation (11.60±0.97%) was observed in SpltNPV @ 1.0×109 POB/ml + B. thuringiensis @1.00 kg/ha. Similarly, five days after application minimum plant infestation was observed in B. thuringiensis and flubendiamide @0.5 kg/ha+75ml/ha ...

Muhammad Rehan Aslam1, Muhammad Maqsood1, Zahoor Ahmad2*, Sajjad Akhtar3, Muhammad Rizwan4 and Muhammad Usama Hameed

...ext-align: justify;">The application of nutrients to crops at different development stages can enhance their yield and also adjust water stress levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of foliar applied magnesium sulphate and irrigation scheduling on the quality and yield of maize (Zea mays). Maximum cob weight without sheath (253.38 g), number of grains per cob (472.49), 1000-grains weight (265.99 g), biological yield (13.0...

Muhammad Fiaz1*, Muhammad Afzal1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2 

....001 for 2017). Combined application of spirotetramat along with I. fumosorosea formulation has shown a significant synergistic effect against D. citri infestation and is recommended to citrus growers against sucking insect pests. 

...
Sukirno Sukirno1,2, Muhammad Tufail1,3,*, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool1Said El Salamouny1, 4, Koko Dwi Sutanto1 and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood1
...tively. In clove-treated applications, the mortality was was 96% and 32%, at 0 and 7 d post treatment, respectively. Findings of this study demonstrated that the addition clove extract enhanced the effectiveness and persistence of SpliMNPV under arid conditions against the beet armyworm.
...

Saeed Ullah1, Amanullah Jan1, Murad Ali2*, Wiqar Ahmad3, Hafeez Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Ishaq2 and Bilal Ahmad2  

... and method of nutrients application are crucial factors for enhanced crop yield and economic return. This study investigated the effect of phosphorous (0, 35, 70 and 105 kg P2O5 ha-1) and zinc (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1) levels applied through broadcast and banding on chickpea growth and yield during winter 2013-14 at the New Developmental Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar. The experiment was carried out by following randomized complete block desig...

Wasim Javaid1, Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Farah Naz2 and Muhammad Usman Raja2 

...rved in 72 hours through application of 1×108spores/ml of M. anisopliae compared to B. bassiana with 60% mortality. On 24 hours of exposure, minimum mortality (4%) in PB was recorded in grains treated with 1×106 spores/ml of B. bassiana. In M. anisopliae, the concentrations of 1×108 after 24 hours, 1×107 after 48 hours and 1×107 after 72 hours showed significantly similar results with mortality around 55%. Results proved M. anisop...

Tanzim Ullah Khan1*, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Ahmad Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad2, Muhammad Ishaq2, Khilwat Afridi2, Murad Ali2, Muhammad Adeel Qureshi2, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Muhammad Saeed2  

...e of fertilizer nitrogen application were as: full at land preparation, full at boot stage and ½ at land preparation + ½ at boot stage, to the subplot. Poultry manure was incorporated into the soil at the time of land preparation. Compared to 75 and 125 kg/ha, inorganic nitrogen rate of 100 kg ha-1 produced more productive tillers m-2 (238), increased leaf area (27.87 cm2), grains spike-1 (42), thousand grains weight (48.38 g), biological yield (...

Muhammad Shoaib Saleem*, Muhammad Faheem Akbar, Amjad Sultan and Saqib Ali 

...ion even after 7 days of application, followed by Nitenpyram 71% and Momentum 67%, while buprofezin showed moderate effectiveness with 65% reduction. The mean data of three consecutive sprays after 14 days, revealed that the effectiveness decreased with the time increased of all the insecticides (Clothianidin> Nitenpyram> Monetum) 61, 59 and 52 % respectively, as compared to Insect Growth Regualtor (IGR) buprofezin which showed less reduction (44 %) in j...
Faisal Masood*1, Ranjit Kumar Sah2 and Ahmad Humayun Sarfaraz3
...nted with short arm cast application in volar flexion. The outcome was evaluated using Pattee and Thompson functional criteria at 6 month. Also the percentage of union and time to union were evaluated.
Results: The mean age of total ten patients was 29.8± 3.20 years (25-35 years). We achieved union in 100% of the patient at mean time of 8.20 ± 0.92 weeks (7-10 weeks). There were 20% (n=2) cases with excellent and 80% (n=8) case...

Abdur Rehman and Zahir Shah 

...ominent than their alone application. The maximum fresh pods yield of 5458 kg ha-1 and biomass yield of 10315 kg ha-1 were obtained with the combine application of high levels of Mo and Fe (2 and 5 kg ha-1) and has also enhanced nodules number by 152 %, fresh weight of nodules by 135 %, N concentration in plant by 29 %, N uptake by 50 %, N2 fixation by 85 % over the control. Application of...
Ayesha Aihetasham, Saira Shariq and Javed Iqbal Qazi*
...s fungal species and its application for controlling the termite under select situation need further investigation.
...

Shahen Shah1*, Manzoor Hussain1, Arshad Jalal1, Mohammad Sayyar Khan2, Tariq Shah1, Muhammad Ilyas1 and Muhammad Uzair3 

...nutrients management and application time over the yield and yielding attributes of wheat at the Agronomy Research Farm in the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan during winter 2014-15. The experiment was designed in RCBD with split plots arrangement, replicated four times. Three levels of nitrogen (N) (90, 120, 150 kg ha-1) were allotted to main plots, while combination of sulfur (S) levels (15, 30, 45 kg ha-1) and applicati...
Habib-ur-Rehman1*, Saima Mirza1*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan2, Qurban Ali3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir4, Muhammad Yasir5
...d 72 h of the treatments application. The findings of experimental trials presented significant mean repellency 79.15% of T. castaneum (with methanolic extract of C. paradise)followed by 76.21% (with R. communis extract)and 63.36% (in J.curcus extract) at 15% concentration, after exposure period of 24 h. Comparatively low mean repellency 58.45, 54.24 and 42.57% was observed at same concentration after exposure period o...

Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito1*, Tajwer Sultana Syed1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1 and Inayatullah Rajper2  

...±0.07). Moreover, application of neem oil in green manure treatment and Spintoram in IPM treatment, lowered the population of sucking pests. Considering the results, further studies should be conducted with broader aspects and covering more green manure crops to evaluate their role in the pest management and fertility of the soil. 

...

Muhammad Sajid Mahmood1*, Muhammad Ashraf1, Ijaz Ahmad2, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Sohail Latif4 Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar5 and Waqas Ahmad6 

...pronounced than the sole application of barley water extract. One pre-emergence spray of barley W.E. + pendimethalin @ 12 L ha-1 + 0.50 kg a.i. ha-1 reduced weeds density by 62%, fresh weight by 43% and weeds dry weight by 55% compared to control measured at 40 DAS. One pre-emergence spray of barley W.E. + pendimethalin @ 12 L ha-1 + 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 increased grain yield by 40 % and barley W.E. + pendimethalin @ 12 L ha-1 + 0.50 kg a.i. ha-1 increased mungbea...

Muhammad Zahid1, Naeem Iqbal1, Sohaib Muhammad2*, Summiya Faisal3, Wajid Mahboob3, Makhdoom Hussain4 and Zaheer ud din Khan2 

Nevran Eylem Akman Gündüz1,* and Özgür Özcan2
...200 mg/L. GA3 application also enhanced the carbohydrate level at 50, 100, 200 and 1000 mg/L and the glycogen content at 100 and 200 mg/L. 
...

Ali Sher1*, Khalid Naveed1, Gulzar Ahmad2, Ayub Khan1, Muhammad Saeed1 and Shah Masaud1 

...of wheat to N, Zn and Fe application. Treatments included three levels of N (90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1), three concentrations of Zn and Fe (i.e. 1, 2, 3 kg ha-1) each along with two controls i.e. no micro nutrients no water (control-I) and no micro nutrients + water (control-II). The N was soil applied and MN as foliar spray at booting stage. Days to anthesis, leaf area tiller-1, leaf area index, plant height, days to physiological maturity and biological yield ...

Muhammad Faheem Jan1*, Asad Ali Khan1, Waqas Liaqat1, Haseeb Ahmad1, Muhammad Dawood Ahmadzai1 and Wazir Rehan

...gn: justify;">Integrated application of nutrients from both organic and inorganic fertilizers is necessary for sustainable crop productivity. Field trial was performed at Agronomy Research Farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. Two factors were studied i.e. hybrids (DK-Garanon, Pioneer-3025, WS-666, and Pioneer-3164) and potassium ratios (Organic vs inorganic). The organic source includes poultry manure (PM) while inorganic source i...

Saif Ullah and Mohammad Akmal*

...th P 90 kg ha-1. Sulphur application of 30 kg ha-1 also showed better performance on sunflower yield traits. At some observations S 20 and 30 kg ha-1 were found non-significant. Situation like field remains longer under cereal crops cultivation, the integrated effect of nutrients i.e. N 80 with P 90 kg and S 30 is the best option to grow sunflower for better oil and protein. The study suggests that N, P and S at the rate of 80, 90 and 30 kg ha-1 is the best co...

Safina Naz1, Khushbo Hussain1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar2* and Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3
 

...which showed that foliar application of Naphthalene Acetic Acid, Salicylic acid (SA), combination of Naphthalene Acetic Acid & salicylic acid and orange oil extract on physical and chemical parameters gave significant response. NAA promotes vine length upto 12.66 feet while chlorophyll content was 72.50 SPAD Value, while fresh weight of leaves is 5.1g, dry weight is 0.41g, while fresh weight of fruit is 121.66 g and fruit length is 14.11 cm. Salicylic acid...

Abdur Rehman1* and Shad Khan Khalil2 

...isture stress and foliar application of chemicals at different growth stages on canola growth and phenology during 2015-16 and 2016-17. The experiment comprised of four moisture levels (optimum water, 10%, 20% and 30% reduced irrigation water), three chemicals (salicylic acid 0.5mM, potassium nitrate KNO3 1% and methanol 20% v/v basis) applied at three different stages (bud formation, 20% flowering and 20% pod formation). The experiment was laid out in RCB des...

Shamsher Ali1, Zakir Ullah Jan1*, Zahir Shah2, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Farmanullah Khan2, Inayat ur Rahman3 and Shah Fahad3 

...Azam cv.) under the same application of fertilizer treatment and dozes during summer 2015. The field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements having two maize varieties in main pot and six levels of fertilizer treatments in sub pots repeated four times. Fertilizers treatments were made from the application of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P2O5) and farmyard manure (FYM) which was c...

Raza Ullah Khan*, Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Zameer Khan, Fayyaz Hussain and Sonia Saba 

... It was found that split application of P equally as soil and foliar caused an increase in biomass and grain yield. With respect to post harvest P and K concentration in plant parts, almost similar trend was observed showing maximum concentration of P and K in shoot and root of plant treated with P equally as soil and foliar. An increase in P translocation from root to leaf was observed in this treatment. Besides, plant other parameters such as chlorophyll con...
Soumble Zulfiqar1, Khuram Shehzad1, Sana Tahir1, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim2 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,2,3,*
...ble for biotechnological applications.
...

Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2, Muhammad Anjum Ali Buttar3, Umar Farooq4, Muhmmad Islam5 and Zahid Ullah Khan1 

... balance among nutrients application will improve. The Imposition of uniform tax rate of 2% will reduce fertilizer cost for production of major crops by; 18% for wheat, 13% for rice, 20% each for cotton and sugarcane. Modest increase in crop productivity by just 5% could result in additional production of major crops (wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane and maize) of worth Rs. 111.57 billion. While, existing production levels of major crops can be obtained by redu...

Ambrin Rajput* 

...potassium (K) fertilizer application. A field study was carried out to determine the effect of K on chickpea using cultivar Benazir having three fertilizer treatments; 0:0:0, 30:75:0 and 30:75:30 kg ha-1 of N:P:K replicated thrice with randomized complete block design respectively. The experimental soil was clay loam in texture. Application of N, P and K showed significant effect on chickpea growth and yield parameters. The ...

Umair Riaz1*, Muhammad Ali Kharal2, Ghulam Murtaza3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Sana Javaid4, Hina Ahmed Malik3, Humera Aziz3 and Zafar Abbas1 

...concluded that exogenous application of cafeic acid may be a best option to cope with salinity, ion toxicity, drought and heavy metal stress. 

...

Asma Sohail1*, Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi1, Maryum Arif2 and Fatima Najam1 

...is limits the commercial application of these oils. To overcome such problems encapsulation could be a gentle approach. Prior to encapsulation, oil extraction was done by using five different solvents including ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methanol, diethyl ether and chloroform in which ethyl acetate yielded 53% oil. Pumpkin seed oil was encapsulated using gel entrapment i.e. extrusion method and indirect diffusion method using Ca-alginate. Pumpkin seed oil macros...

Muhammad Latif2, Muneer Abbas1*, Faisal Hafeez2 and Dilbar Hussain2 

... and 10 days after spray application. Results indicated that all the insecticides gave significant control of both pests up to 72 hrs. of spray application. After this pest population was started to increase. In L. orbonalis spinetoram 120 SC (70 ml) gave maximum reduction 85.60 % followed by spinetoram 120 SC (50 ml) flubendiamide 480 SC and spinetoram 120 SC (40 ml) having 81.85, 65.25 and 63.57 %, respectively after 72 hr...

*Nageen Fatima1, Sadia Murawwat1 and Syeda Ameena Rizvi1

EVALUATION OF IMAGE COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES: AN IMPLEMENTATION OF TRUE COMPRESSION ON 2-D IMAGE
...;">Image compression, an application of data compression, widely use in advance multimedia, communication and graphical systems is used to minimize storage requirements and transmission cost. It increases transmission rate by decreasing redundancy of image data in either lossy or lossless compression means. In this research work, comparison of compression techniques is done using Compression Ratio (CR) and Bit-Per-Pixel (BPP) ratio as performance parameters. I...

 *Muhammad Waseem1, Dost Mohammad Baloch1, Ghulam Khaliq1,
M. Rashid1, Qurban Ali2 and Mustajab A. Khan3

INTENSIFICATION IN BAMBOO (Bambusa bambos L.) TRAITS IN RESPONSE TO ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL NITROGEN ALONG THE COAST OF ARABIAN SEA
... higher vigour under the application of treatment combination {50% N from urea (the recommended dose) + 50% N from Farm Yard Manure (FYM)}. It was suggested that the growing of bamboo should be produced through the use of combination of chemical {50% N from urea and organic N (50% N from Farm Yard Manure).

...

 *Irum Javed1, Muhammad Asgher2, Sadia Noreen1, Humara Naz Majeed1 and Tanzila Sahar1

SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER FOR CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION USING AGRICULTURE RESIDUE AS SUBSTRATE
...een increased due to its application in various advanced medical fields, which can only be fulfilled by biotechnological fermentation using agro-industrial wastes. It is a bidirectional beneficial process for cost effective manufacturing of citric acid and management of agro-industrial waste products. This project was carried out in order to evaluate the enhanced production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger using agro-industrial wastes. In the first step of ...

Nadia Sharif1, *Neelma Munir1 and Shagufta Naz1

MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF ALGINATE
...ompatibility promote its applications in engineering and bio medical science.

...

Hareem Mohsin, Azka Asif*, Warda Fatima, Sarooj Nadeem, Anjum Nasim Sabri

Assessment of biocalcification by the water absorption test using microorganism from oil contaminated site

Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Noor Fatima1, Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari1, Asma Rashid khan3, Nadeem Sheikh2*

Variations in proteins and transaminases following experimental induction of Bisphenol A in mice
...of BPA in various
application cause serious health hazards, as noted by changes in serum proteins and transaminases. Therefore,
further investigation of its toxicity is necessary in order to consider it safe.

...

 Anam Javed, Javed Iqbal Qazi*

Skin health implications of Chemical detergents and importance of biodetergents
...environment. Through the application of biosustainable developments in the field of biotechnology, we would be able to get rid of various long lasting after effects of anthropogenic pollutants and synthetic detergents.

...

 Zubair Ahmed#, Muhammad Farhanullah Khan, Habiballah Rana*

Toxicological effects of Haloxylon recurvum Bunge ex Boiss (Khar Boti) whole plant extract and novel insecticide chlorantraniliprole against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky
...icity assayed by topical application showed that 3.6% concentration of
H. recurvum plant extract and 0.00896% concentration of chlorantraniliprole
induced lethal effects in S. zeamais. Probit analysis revealed LD50 value for H.
recurvum plant extract were 16.47 μg/insect and chlorantraniliprole were 0.0358
μg/insect, after 24 hours. The result revealed that H. recurvum plant extract had
insecticidal potential against th...

 Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Zafar Iqbal Khan2, Saira Batool2, Kafeel Ahmad2, Salma Begum2

Residual effect of lambda-cyhalothrin on abundance of insect pollinators in marigold field patch
...as
observed after application of lambda-cyhalothrin on the patch of marigold plants.
Lambda-cyhalothrin caused significant mortality (15/20=75%) in honey bees in
semi-field experiment. It is concluded that lambda-cyhalothrin is highly poisonous
to insect pollinators; therefore its use should be minimized to protect the population
of insect pollinators.

...

 Mohsin Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan*2, Asad-Ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Nadeem3, Zile Huma3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir4, Quratulain Syed3

Optimization of medium and substrate for CMCase production by Bacillus subtilis-BS06 in submerged fermentation and its applications in saccharification

 Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan1*, Muhammad Zafar2, Munazza Perveen3, Munir Ahmad3, Asia Iqbal4, Asmatullah3

Efficacy of malathion and carbosulfan against crop invadedaphid types Aphis craccivora (Koch) and Aphis gossypii (glover) on bean and brinjal plants
...;In this study, indirect application of two important insecticides viz., malathion and
carbosulfan against two important crop infesting aphid species Aphis gossypii
(Glover) and Aphis craccivora (Koch) were reared on brinjal and bean plants
respectively. In the laboratory, the vegetable plant leaves being applied by residual
film technique with tested Aphid population. The most toxic insecticide was found
to be malathion with...
Muhammad S. Waqas, Ali A.Z. Shoaib, Xinlai Cheng, Qianqian Zhang, Asem S.S. Elabasy and Zu-hua Shi*
...rget males; for example, application of sex pheromone for trapping and killing male, or spraying of chemicals during the time of male activity, may be an effective practice for the management of this pest.
...

Misbahullah, Shad Khan Khalil, Asim Muhammad*, Afza Tabassum and Shah Fahad  

...orghum extract and their application times on weed dynamics, phenology and leaf tracts of variety Atta Habib was sown at the Research Farm of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan throughout 2015-16. Used of sorghum extract with three concentrations (1:3, 1:4, 1:5), weedicide (affinity) with three different levels (1/3, 1/ 2, 2/3 of the recommended dose) and 3 times of application (emergence,tillering,50...

Fouzia Tabssum1, Qamar uz Zaman2*, Yinglong Chen3,4, Umair Riaz5*, Waqas Ashraf6, Ambreen Aslam2, Nusrat Ehsan2, Rab Nawaz2, Humera Aziz7 and Shamim ul Sibtain Shah8 

...ree continuing days, and applications of proline (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM) was applied 25 DAS. For field experiment, the same cultivars were grown in a saline soil (EC = 5.05 d Sm-1) for two growth seasons with or without 50 mM proline applied at seedling stage (15 days after transplanting, DAT), vegetative state (50 DAT) or at both stages. Results from pot experiment revealed that foliar applied 50 mM proline significantly improved the seedling growth under ...

Muhammad Salman Wazir and Mohammad Akmal 

...y was focused on N split application timing effect on wheat performance as sole or intercrop with other selected species. The study was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, during winter 2015-16. Treatments included cropping pattern viz. sole and intercrop of lines with 1:1 ratio i.e. one wheat row followed by one other crop species and 2:1 ratio i.e. two wheat rows followed by one other crops rows of Brassica (Brassica...
Ghulam Ali1,3, Wopke van der Werf2 and Just M. Vlak1,
...tinued feeding following application limit their effectiveness in preventing crop losses. Here we studied the food consumption and weight gain of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera litura following application of two viral doses of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (Pakistan isolate SpltNPV-Pak-BNG). Infected larvae with final polyhedrosis (disease resulting in dissolution of larval tissues and accumulation of viral ...

Babar Tasim1, Tariq Masood1*, Zafar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Arif2, Ata Ullah1, Ghazal Miraj3 and Muhammad Samiullah4 

...tility. For its suitable application, it is important to know its chemical and physical properties which depend on the type of the initial material used. Agricultural residues of different types (e.g., Sesbania stems (Sesbania punicea, SS), Chickpea plant (Cicer arietinum, CP), Maize cobs (Zea Mays, MC), Wheat straw (Triticum aestivum, WS), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse (BG) and Animal dung (AD) were pyrolyzed at temperature range of 300-500 oC in ...

Salman Ali*, Inamullah, Muhammad Arif, Mehran Ali, Muhammad Owais Iqbal, Fazal Munsif and Arsalan Khan 

.... Likewise, 75 kg K ha-1 application resulted in higher biological (plant height and biological yield) and grain yield (grains ear-1, thousand grains weight, grain yield and harvest index) components of maize. Increase in K levels beyond 75kg ha-1 showed a slight decrease in yield. It is concluded that water stress at each critical crop growth stage can drastically reduce crop yield, therefore, five times irrigation each at (mentioned) crop growth stage along ...

Ateeq ur Rehman1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Muhammad Irfan Zafar1, Faqeer Hussain2, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3 and Azhar Ali Khan3 

...rust disease. Fungicidal application showed great reduction in the management of the disease. 

...
Rahat Afza, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Asam Riaz*
... mustard aphids. But the application of insecticides in field to manage aphids cause impairment of several key biological traits of the exposed coccinellids through physiological and behavioral effects. It is crucial to understand the effects of insecticides on the coccinellids. The current research was aimed at determining the intra-guild predation (IGP) of different life stages combinations of Coccinella septempunctata and Coccinella transversalis<...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Saleem Haider1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Ashfaq1, Muhammad A. Aqueel2 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah2
...recorded after 7 days of application when both insect pathogens were used in combination (SpltNPV 1×108 POB/ml + Bt 0.1 μg/g) i.e. 85.25, 79.31 and 92.11% mortality (in case of 2nd instar larvae) and 70.42, 63.64 and 80.88% (in case 4th instar larvae) of Faisalabad, Chiniot and Sargodha’s population of S. litura, respectively. This study could be helpful to use NPV and Bt in intensive ...

Muhammad Naveed Afzal1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Muhammad Ahmad1, Khuram Mubeen2, Muhammad Ayaz Khan3, Muhamamd Umer Afzal4 and Shakeel Ahmad

Ali Murad Rahoo1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2, Barkat Ali Bughio3 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4
...IJ) following inundative applications would be quite short. The application of EPN in cadavers may be appropriate because of the non-availability of industrially produced isolates. Therefore, in the present studies, Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor were compared for invasion and production of IJ of Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Both the nematodes caused 100% mortal...
Kalimullah Khan1,*, Hafsa Zaneb2, Zia Ur Rehman3, Hamza Maris4 and Habib ur Rehman1

Farhan, Shahid Ali* and Syed Attaullah Shah 

...tilizer to encourage its application that will raise output and profit of wheat growers. Trainings of wheat growers for optimal application of inputs for wheat crop be arranged at regular intervals by concerned departments for efficient utilization of resources and increased output. 

...
Dur-E-Shahwar1,2, Riaz Ahmad Sheikh1, Nazia Jamil2*
...anisms that have several applications in petroleum, pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. Produced water is a major waste water stream of petroleum industry which is produced during petroleum extraction from subsurface in which hydrocarbons are found as a main environmental pollutant. Present study is focused on production of biosurfactants from indigenous bacteria, isolated from produced water and produced water contaminated soil samples collected from ...

Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Syed Burhan-ud-Din2, Muhammad Fahad Khan1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3, Azhar Ali Khan3 and Naila Ilyas1

...ase in resistance by the application of SA and BTH, antioxidant enzymatic activities of SOD, POD, CAT were also increased for second week. This revealed that SA and BTH can be used as a potential source for the activation of resistance for better management of MYMV by improving protection level by the induction of systemic acquired resistance. 

...

Naseer Ahmed Abbasi1, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1*, Bilawal Abbasi2, Shakeel Ahmed Soomro1, Najeeb Ahmed Khan Nangraj1, Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahto1 and Sajjad Ahmed Morio1 

... further development and application of the land evaluation field. 

...

Mohammad Wasiullah Khan1*, Abdur Rab1, Roshan Ali2, Muhammad Sajid1, Faiza Aman1, Imran Khan3, Iqbal Hussain3 and Akhtar Ali3 

...tent. Potassium and zinc application at various levels were significant for all parameters. Potassium applied at the rate of 120 kg ha-1 increased tuber yield (27.9 ton ha-1), TSS (5.099 °Brix), specific gravity (1.083) and starch content (14.83 %). Yield parameter was being maximum with 150 kg K ha-1. Application of Zn at 10 kg ha-1 maximized tuber yield (26.9 ton ha-1), TSS (4.879 °Brix), specific gravity (1.081) a...
Tahira Moeen Khan* and Amat ul Mateen
...ir increasing biomedical applications as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-cancer agents. In this work leaf extracts of Melia azedarach (commonly known as dharaik) a species of family Meliaceae and Morus nigra (commonly known as Shahtoot) family Moraceae were used for bio reduction of copper ions to CuO nanoparticles in place of harmful and expensive chemical/physical methods. A cheaper, simple to perform method giving high yield without ...
Temel Göktürk1,* and Göksel Tozlu2
...l was the most effective applications for larvae of N. sertifer. While variable impacts were noticed against larvae, both biopesticides were effective against larvae of D. pini and N. sertifer. Taken together, finding of this study propose the use of Pyrethrum and Bacillus thuringiensis biopesticides to control common pine sawfly and the European pine sawfly in the event of an epidemics in Turkey.  
...
Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Yasir Iftikhar2, Samina Khalid3, Zahoor Hussain4, Jaime Molina-Ochoa5,6 and John E. Foster6
...M larvae was 53.8% after application of abamectin, when leaf dip bioassay technique was used. However, among tested botanicals, Azadirachta indica oil showed better results with percent CLM mortality of 35.6%, through topical bioassay and 31.8% through leaf dip bioassay. In the case of A. indica, the LC50 value was also observed lower (1.88±0.37, 1.73±0.29) in LDB and TB, respectively, as compared to other botanica...

Farhana Gul1*, Dawood Jan1 and Muhammad Ashfaq2 

...ime, improved fertilizer application method and increasing sowing densities were three-major adaptation practices whose benefits were analyzed. The adaptation results indicated that adopters of adaptation technology would range from 33 % to 74.47 % in Dera Ismail Khan and 62 % to 65.18 % in Peshawar. Before adaptation, poverty rates would range from 23 to 28.90 percent in D.I.Khan while from 19 to 28.62 percent in Peshawar for all GCMs. These findings conclud...

Saqib Bashir* and Bashir Ahmad 

...1 kg ha-1) of wheat. The application of nitrogen at the rate of 120 kg N ha-1 significantly increased plant height (102.5 cm), thousand grains weight (43.8 g), biological yield (10674 kg ha-1) and grain yield (3766 kg ha-1) of wheat. The incorporation of green manures 90 days posts emerged pigeon pea with 90 and 120 kg N ha-1 produced taller plants with height of 104.4 and 104.0 cm, heavier grains with 52.0 and 50.8 g weight per thousand grains, higher biologi...

Amer Mumtaz2*, Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim1, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui2, Muhammad Naeem Safdar2, Masooma Munir2, Aqsa Qayyum2, Sahar Shibli2 and Muhammad Khalid Ibrahim3 

...nology has wide range of application in food industry. Ultra-sonication, thermo sonication, man osonication and man othermosonication are used in food industries for various objectives. Sound waves produce acoustic effect and when bubble produced bursts it results in mechanical energy responsible for inactivation of the pathogenic organisms present in food by poration and DNA fragmentation. Ultrasounds have diversified application

 Ping Zhang1,2, Yabin Pu1, Yu Zhang2, Jia Chen2, Kunfu Wang3, Qian Li3, Yujiao Sun3, Yuehui Ma1, Shuqing Jiao2,* and Weijun Guan1,*

...al evidence for clinical application. The skeletal muscle tissue were studied from fetal sheep, and the stepwise digestion by XI collagenase and trypsin was used to isolate MDSCs and were purified by differential attachment technique. Cell morphology were observed using an inverted microscope, and MDSCs proliferation pattern were determined through growth curve analyses. MDSCs were identified by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR, and the immunofluorescence antibod...
Fan Yi1,2, Xiaobin Yang1, Shigen Ye1, Hua Li1 and Ruijun Li1,*
...feeding experiments, HCT application in P. olivaceus farming potentially enhances P. olivaceus resistance against E. tarda infection.
...
Aisha Khalid1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Tahir Yaqub2, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1, Sehrish Firyal1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3
... to its diverse range of application in industry. In the present study, conditions were optimized for the maximal production of recombinant thermostable cellulase from Thermotoga naphthophila using BL21-CodonPlus (DE3) cells as expression host and pET28a as expression vector. Effect of various concentration of Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), post induction time, effect of temperature and pH were examined for the maximal production of ...
Zahra Nazir1, Saba Ijaz1, Roquyya Gul2 and Mahjabeen Saleem1,*
...for its biotechnological applications in fruit juice clarification.
...

Arshad Farooq* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan 

...nbsp;dependent upon application and arrangement of various factors such as land, labor, finance and management practices etc. This article assessed the knowledge gap of improved cane management practices in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Sugarcane growers were selected randomly and Data were collected through interview schedule from 285 respondents in D.I. Khan and Mardan districts during sugarcane cropping season, 2018. Knowledge gap index was ap...
Bushra Siddique1,*, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Naeem1 and Muhammad Ali2
...apae after treatment application were recorded and analysed statistically. It was found that T6 (β-pinene + E-β-Farnesene) exhibited highest mean number entries of C. septempunctata (6.13%) and highest mean time spend(6.23%) as compared to two other treatments applied. The results revealed that alarm pheromone component effective kairomone for aphid predatory beetles. It was found that T6 (β-...
Rıfat Ertekin1*, Mete Ozkurt1, Gokhan Kus2 and Selda Kabadere1
... respectively. Following applications of 25, 50 and 100 μM TA to LNCaP cells for 24 h, the apoptotic values (0.60% for the control group) were found 2%, 4%, and 17%, whereas the values for 48 h were 10%, 10% and 64% (0.48% for the control group), respectively. TA induced apoptosis of LNCaP cells depending on the dose and duration of exposure. According to PCR results, caspase-9 activity increased incrementally in groups given 50 μM of TA. The increase in...

Fraza Ijaz1*, Umair Riaz2, Shazia Iqbal3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Muhammad Furqan Ijaz5, Hina Javed1, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Zuhra Mazhar3, Ahmad Hassan Khan6, Hassan Mehmood7 and Ijaz Ahmad8 

...icated that the combined application of Rhizobium species and Tryptamine performed better by improving growth and yield and quality parameters. It is concluded that precursor-inoculum combination is an effective approach and should be tested in different ecologies. 

...

Abdur Rehman1*, Iqbal Javed2, Zhang Nannan3, Muhammad Niamatullah1, Raheel Saqib4 and Allah Bakhsh

...index popularisation and application of agricultural informatisation. The Tangshan city ranked first for the infrastructure of agricultural information, the capital city Shijiazhuang in Hebei province as ranked first in the agricultural informatisation and human resources index. The Hengshui city ranked first in the agricultural informatisation subject to environmental index. Recently the Park in Hebei province, although more modern and high standard basic far...

Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Sami Ullah1*, Muhammad Mohsin Raza2, Mohsin Raza1, Muhammad Abbas3, Ijaz Ahmad4, Malik Muhammad Yousaf2, Muhammad Zeshan5, Adeel Abbas1, Mehmood Ali Noor1 and Mohsin Nawaz1 

... Results revealed that B application at the rate of 0.05 M solution substantially increased plant height, productive tillers, 1000 grain-weight and final grain yield. It was observed that 0.05 M B applications at delayed growth stages after booting is less effective in improvement of yield attributes of wheat crop as compared to booting stage. Economic analysis revealed that 0.05 M B application

Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed 

...a. In spite of extensive applications of conventional synthetic pesticides, citrus farmers are unable to get rid of this pest. In order to find out alternate biorational pesticides, this laboratory study was carried out to evaluate few selected novel chemistry insecticidal formulations against 2nd instar nymphs of D. mangiferae using standard twig-dip bioassay method according to Completely Randomized Design. Results showed that both factors i.e. insecticidal ...

Imdad Ali Mahmood1, Muhammad Imran2, Muhammad Sarwar1, Matiullah Khan1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2, Shoaib Ahmed1 and Shahid Riaz Malik

... to see the effect of Zn application alongwith PGPR on growth and yield under rain-fed conditions at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad during 2016-17. Split plot design (main plots with and without inoculation and Zn application in sub-plots) with three replications was followed. Agronomic data i.e., plant height, pods per peduncle, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, total biomass and grain yield were reco...
Ghalia Nawal1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Saira Ashfaq3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1    
... They have wide- ranging applications in diverse sectors of the food, medical, cosmetic, detergent sectors and in paper industry which establishes their irrefutable noteworthiness. 
...

Amjad Ali1*, Wiqar Ahmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Motasim Billah1 

...align: justify;">Biochar application is one of the highly discussed mechanisms to enhance soil fertility worldwide. Manipulation of this amendment to enhance its role in soil fertility management is a new area of research. In this study, it was applied to soil in three particle sizes (< 2, 2-5 and 5-10 mm) in combination with two commercial biofertilizers; Bizote-N and Rhizogold to lentils during Winter 2015 in an RCB design and the residual effect was ...

Zafar Abbas1*, Muhammad Mubashir1, Umair Riaz1, Zeenat Javid1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Saeed ur Rehman1, Muhammad Javid Qamar1, Syed Ali Zulqadar1 and Shahzada Munawar Mehdi2 

Muhammad Shafique, Nosheen Noor Elahi*, Muhammad Rashid, Amjad Farooq and Kausar Hussain Shah

Munazza Yousra1*, Sair Sarwar1, Muhammad Mahmood Ul Hassan1, Muhammad Zameer khan1, Abdul khaliq2, Shahbaz Ahmad1 and Shamim Ul Sibtain Shah3 

...ed well to Zn fertilizer application. The results showed a consistent increase in Zn concentration with the increasing Zn doses in both varieties. The maximum Zn concentration recorded was 67.6 and 79.5 mg kg-1 @ 8 mg Zn kg-1 by using both Zn sources, respectively. The highest dry matter production of 65 and 76 g plant-1 was recorded using Zn treatment @ 8 mg Zn kg-1 by ZnSO4.H2O and Zn-EDTA in both varieties, respectively. Similarly, the Zn uptake was also sh...
Zakirullah1, Hamayun Khan1, Ali Gohar2, Haq Amanullah1,*, Muhammad Younas1, Muhammad Tarique Tunio3, Muhammad Saleem Khan4, Ibrar Muhammad Khan1 and Noushad Khan5 
...rtain the most favorable application of L-cysteine for cryopreservation of Achai and Holstein Friesian bull semen under the subtropical conditions of Peshawar region of Pakistan. Semen of six adult bulls, three Achai (the indigenous breed) and three Holstein Friesian (exotic breed) amount to the experimental material at Government Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm Harichand, Charsadda. Separate artificial vagina was utilized for semen collection from either breed...
Muhammad Saeed1,2,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Malik Abdul Rehman3
...nt of nematode including application of nematicides should be started in the spring season, just prior to the first root flush, to protect the new roots from nematode infection.
...

Zara Ahmad1*, Fazli Rabbi2, Muhammad Zamin3, Bushra Kiran2, Tariq Shah2 and Shahzad Kouser4 

...on-season and off-season application of pesticides to bitter guard crop. The results clearly reveal that bitter guards’ yield is significantly higher in the off-season than on-season. It was also found that off-season bitter guard fetches 66% higher price in the market than on-season bitter guard. The analysis also revealed that the cost of pesticides is 43% higher for on-season bitter gourd production than the off-season. The findings also indicate that...

 Aftab Khan1, Shahid Ali1, Murtaza1, Sufyan Ullah Khan2 and Syed Attaullah Shah1

...of information regarding application of such inputs and lack of availability of credit to them to use the appropriate and recommended dose of these inputs. Allocative efficiencies of tractor hours, FYM and labour were 1.16, 1.02 and 0.97, respectively, suggesting that these inputs were efficiently utilized. Facilitation of maize growers with subsidized and timely availability of inputs, provision of agriculture credit with reasonable interest rate and easy ins...

Mehwish Kiran1, Muhammad Saleem Jilani1, Kashif Waseem1*, Muhammad Sohail Khan1, Fazal Haq2, Muhammad Amjad Nadim3, Ghazanfar Ullah3 and Salma Shaheen

...died parameters with the application of NPK and different organic manures. Highest mean data for all the parameters studied were recorded in NPK + PM, as maximum leaves’ count (21.67 and 22.33 plant-1), leaf length (32.20 and 38.33 cm), leaves weight (66.00 and 63.67 g plant-1), root length (29.87 and 29.37 cm), root diameter (4.01 and 3.83 cm), root weight (285.00 and 274.00 g plant-1), total biomass (351.00 and 337.67 g plant-1) and root yield (80.42 a...

Matiullah Khan*, Shameemul Sibtain Shah, Atiqullah Khan, Muhammad Sarwar and Shoaib Ahmed 

...sh size was 120. The SSP application as P source increased grain yield and total dry matter yield 2.5% and 4.7% over DAP, respectively. Similarly, SSP application enhanced P uptake of crop by 5.6% over DAP, however, no increase in postharvest soil P concentration was recorded. Seed inoculation with PSB significantly increased grain and dry matter yield. It can be concluded from the study that good quality of SSP can be manua...

Masood Ahmad* and Abdur Rab 

...luence of foliar calcium application was investigated by spraying the gladiolus plants cv. “White Prosperity” with 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM calcium solutions at different times (3rd, 5th and 7th leaf stages). The findings showed that maximum leaf area (43.21 cm2), leaf chlorophyll content (58.275 SPAD), size and weight of daughter corms (7.10 cm and 61.52 g) and highest calcium content (0.567%) in daughter corms were recorded in gladiolus plants...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...ions. After direct spray application of the recommended dose, the adult mortality percentages were 66.67, 73.33 and 100% for acetamiprid and 23.33, 60 and 96.67% for sulfoxaflor after 1, 24, and 48 h, respectively, whereas the larvae mortality percentages were 63.33, 73.33 and 100% for acetamiprid and 46.67, 73.33 and 96.67% for sulfoxaflor after 1, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Moreover, live RPW (larvae and adult) were found to be completely paralyzed after 24...
Abdul Hanan1, Talha Nazir1, Abdul Basit1, Shahbaz Ahmad2 and Dewen Qiu1,*
...irulent and its filtrate application was found to be the most effective against M. persicae
...
Naveed Ahmed1*, Abdul Waheed1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Imtiaz Ahmed1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1, Sohail Aslam1, Muhammad Adil Younis2, Seemab Ali1, Nadia Khan1 and Madiha Bashir1
...var cabbage red with the application of 60ppm of GA3
...
Muhammad Aslam Farooqi*, Bakhtawar Irsa, Sajjad Ali, Asif Sajjad, Muhammad Waqar Hassan and Sohail Akhtar

 

...al formulated field dose applications, they were causing a potential threat to A. mellifera at their maximum recommended dose except spirotetramat.
...
Manzoor Hussain*, Marie Maňasová, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...-awareness of pesticides applications. Ten isolates from seven different fungi, Arthrobotrys oligospora, Dactylella oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Lecanicillium muscarium,Trichoderma harzianum and Pleurotus ostreatus,along with two chemicals,Vydate and Basamid (G),were evaluated against northern root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne hapla,

Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Rashid Mahmood2, Ziyad Abdul Qadir2, Muhammad Arshad1 and Mubasshir Sohail3 

...ntrol measures including application of chemicals, are adopted to control the infestation of mites in honey bee colonies. Chemical are still the most effective option; however, they pose different threats; due to which they should be alternated with non chemical options. Natural acaricides are considered important alternative control measure for Varroa mites. This study was planned to check the efficacy of different essential oils (Lemon oil, Eucalyptus oil, W...
Muhammad Izhar Shafi* and Muhammad Sharif
...iods as well as with the application of different HA levels. Maximum weekly P turnover rate and mineralization potential were 1.35 mg kg-1 and 67.71 kg P ha-1 season-1, were recorded in the soils that were treated with DAP and 10 kg HA ha-1, whereas the lowest were noted in soils that were applied SSP and NP alone. Data regarding the water soluble phosphorus showed significant increased with increasing levels of HA a...
Riaz Shah1* and Margaret Appleby2
... released 2-3 days after application of any of the tested low-risk pesticide.
...
Zelle Huma1*, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1 and Farman Ali2
...ter 2-3 days’ post application. Dead larvae were then put on the white trap and EPNs has then collected afterward. It is concluded on the basis of results that EPNs is positively recorded in grassy land, tomato field, forest land and poplar trees land in six selected districts of Chitral, Kohat, Haripur, Mardan, Swat, and Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Furthermore, the EPNs is positively investigated to maximum  level in Chitral, Peshawar, Mardan, ...

Muhammad Shahzad Akbar*, Maria Aslam, Muhammad Rehan Khalid, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed 

...l is usually done by the application of highly persistent synthetic insecticides which often cause different non-target effects such as environment contamination. This laboratory study evaluated the toxicity of methanolic extracts of eight flowers i.e. Mexican marigold (Tagetes lucida), African marigold (Tegates erecta), tecoma (Tecoma stans), calendula (Calendula officinalis), basil (Ocimum basilicum), oxeye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare), lily (Lilium longiflo...

Muhammad Saleem1*, Ehsan Elahi1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi1, Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1, Hajra Ibrahim2 and Muhammad Ali3 

...nificantly improved. The application of sulphur at 20 kg ha-1 was superior in enhancing overall growth, achene yield and oil content % of sunflower. 

...

Yousaf Noor*, Zahir Shah and Muhammad Tariq 

...d B and their methods of application on the yield and yield attributes of citrus (Citrus Sinensis) orchards established on calcareous soils at three farmers fields in Dubandai and Palai area of District Malakand of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2009-2010. A randomized complete block experiment with split plot arrangement was used. Methods of application (Soil and Foliar) were assigned to main plots while micronutrients...

Tanveer Ahmad1*, Muhammad Mujtaba Rafiq1, Waqas Ahmed Dogar2, Abid Mahmood Alvi3, Qumer Iqbal4, Muhammad Azam5 and Arshad Ali Khan6 

...ndicated that phosphorus application @ 150g plant-1 has improved various traits i.e. number of fruit bush-1 (4866.7), yield bush-1 (2.19 kg), single fruit weight (0.656 g), number of fruiting nodes (12.18) and number of sprouted shoots cane-1 (13.89). However, vegetative characters particularly leaf area showed negative correlation (-0.264) with the increased amount of phosphorus. Fruit diameter (p=0.993) and length of new shoot (p=0.122) did not exhibited an...

Sibgha Noreen*, Sumrina Faiz, Muhammad Salim Akhter, Kausar Hussain Shah 

...in control by the foliar application of osmoprotectants. Chlorophyll (Chl-a, chl b and total chlorophyll) contents were also decreased significantly due to saline environment; however, there was improvement of 288.5%, 162.5% and 141.0% by 200 mgL-1 spray of proline. The amount of hydrogen peroxide and Malondialdehyde were elevated by 170.3% and 68.7%, respectively while enhanced by 54% and 47.4% by spray of proline under salinity. Significant reduction in K+ u...
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Palwasha Jabeen, Chand Raza, Shaukat Ali
...bacterial properties and application in culturing tissues including skin, bone, cartilage and nerves. Sericin has been hailed to have antitumor activity and has also been widely used in different cosmetics. The major hindrance in using spider silk for different purposes is due to its small obtainable amount. Efforts are being made to overcome this problem by modern biotechnological techniques including of making transgenic organisms.
...
Muhammad Shoaib1,3*, Arif Ismiyev2,Khudaverdi Ganbarov3, Aygun Israyilova3 and Sajid Umar4
...ivo trials for their application at clinical level. 
...

Imran1*, Amanullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Zahir Shah2 and Abdul Bari3 

...ca L.) residues and soil application of Trichoderma (soft-rot fungi) along with seed inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (Pseudomonas) and phosphorus (P) on weeds frequency, and biomass at various growth stages of soybean and its yield contributing parameters. The consecutive field experiments for years 2016 and 2017 using randomized complete block design (RCBD) were conducted on soybean (cv. Malakand-96) crop. Experimental treatments included...
Barkat Ali1,2, Wasim Sajjad1,2,3, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Rafiq1, Sahib Zada1, Aamer Ali Shah1 and Fariha Hasan1,*
...ntial candidates for the applications in pharmaceutical as well as environmental research.
...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*,Mujahid Manzoor1, Zubair Aslamand  Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1, 2
... treated population. The application of ds RNA specific for CYP450 also reduced insecticide resistance in R. ferruginous. The developmental parameters were highly affected in RPW treated with dsRNA as compared to control samples treated with water or dsGFP. These results support the RNAi application as a suitable tool for the management of insecticide resistance and control of R. ferruginous.
...

Hassnain1, Abdul Basit1*, Mehboob Alam1, Imran Ahmad1, Izhar Ullah1, Noor Alam2, Inayat Ullah3, Muhammad Areeb Khalid1, Muhammad Shair4 and Noor ul Ain1 

...ults showed that various application of chitosan and water stress interval had a significant (P< 0.01) effect on almost all studied parameter. Tomato plants treated with 6 days water stress interval had maximum average plant height (82.69 cm), average number of leaves (104.02), leaf area (81.47 cm2), chlorophyll content (71.31 SPAD), relative water content (67.27%), excided leaf water retention (68.24%), number of fruit plant-1(24.66), average fruit we...

Roshan Ali1, Afsar Ali2, Shamsher Ali2, Muhammad Arshad Khan3*, Haroon Shahzad3, Noman Latif3, Muhammad Waheed4, Ashraf Khan5 and Murad Ali6 

... consideration. Nutrient application/addition is one of the best known and adopted strategies. A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Institute (ARI) Mingora Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in summer 2016 aiming the effect of silicon fertilizer applied to acidic soil on yield of paddy as paddy is mostly affected through lodging in Swat valley. The treatments consisted of control, 50 kg silicon ha-1, 100 kg silicon ha-1 and 150 kg silicon ha-1. Field...

Awais Ahmed Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal1 and Muhammad Atiq2 

...e results indicated that application of organic elicitors could increase the disease resistance by H2O2 elevation and by induction of antioxidant enzymes. This study was planned to evaluate the organic elicitors and to determine the biochemical changes in citrus fruit. 

...

Shazia Akhtar1, Abdul Samad1*, Afshan Gohar1, Muhammad Munir Shahid2, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Arslan Sarwer1, Adnan Khan1 and Karam Ahad1 

Noorullah Khan1*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Fayaz Ahmad1, Sabaz Ali Khan2, Imtiaz Ahmed1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1, Shamsul Islam1, Abdul Waheed1, Basharat Hussain Shah1 and Hussain Shah

Fayyaz Hussain*, Raza Ullah Khan, Asim Hayat, Humair Ahmed and Ahmad Khan 

Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad2, Muhammad Jalal Arif1 and Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,*
...8th days post application while the additive effect was observed only after 1 day post-treatment. Moreover, combined application of PxGV and AZA at sub-lethal doses exhibited increased larval, pupal and adult longevity and decreased larval and adult weight. In conclusion, combination of PxGV and AZA at low dose rate is a viable option to control diamondback moth.
...

Jawad Ali*, Ibad Ullah Jan and Hidayat Ullah 

...alleviated by the foliar application of Se under drought stress. Se application of 3 mg L−1 significantly increased the number of leaves, plant height, number of branches, stem dry weight, root dry weight, fruit diameter, number of fruit per plant and 1000 seed weight. Se regulated processes, improved the vegetative and yield attributes of okra under water deficit conditions as well in control. The current investigatio...

Asim Munawar1,2*, Farooq Ahmad1, Aqsa Arshad1, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi3 and Chengjuan Liang4 

...unately, due to multiple applications of synthetic pyrethroids and fumigants some major pests of stored grains has develops resistance against them. Resistance mechanisms in R. dominica and T. castaneum against these control agents at different geographical locations was largely unknown. To overcome this gap our research was undertaken to evaluate the resistance mechanism in lab and field collected strains of R. dominica and T. castaneum against deltamethrin a...

Ghulam Murtaza1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Fakhar Mujeeb2, Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Ayesha Zafar1  

Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz*, Khalil Ahmed, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Faisal Nawaz and Muhammad Sarfraz 

...y improved with nitrogen application @ 80 and 100 kg ha-1 in ridge sowing. However, 80 kg N ha-1 in ridge sowing documented maximum economic benefit as compared to other treatments and is suggested as most cost-effective technique for turnip production under moderately salt-affected soils. 

...

Anand Kushwaha, Amit Kumar, Aparna Madhavan, Durga Goswami, Golmei Poulinlu and Gnanavel Venkatesan* 

Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2*, Muhammad Ajmal2, Taj Ali Khan2, Zia Ul Haq2, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak2 and Abdul Malik2 

...sure uniformity of water application

...
Yun-Feng Liu, Yong-Mei Guan, Dan Chen, Jia-Le Chen, Chen Jin, Wei-Feng Zhu, Lu Wu and Li-Hua Chen*
...ns in paeoniflorin after application of a combination of Strychni Semen extract (SSE) and Paeoniae Radix Alba extract (PRAE) by in vitro skin permeation were observed. The penetration quantity, infiltration rate and skin retention quantity of paeoniflorin in co-administrated with SSE were increased significantly (P<0.05). In the skin and brain, the peak concentration (Cmax) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0&...
Nafeesa Batool1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi1, Nida Aziz1, Ali Hussain2 and Syed Zawwar Hussain Shah3
...tems for the field scale applications especially in framework of developing countries.
...
Tian-Yi Zhao1, Zi-Qing Liu2, Shu-Fei Ma3, Bo-Yang1, Fan-Fan Guo1 and Ming-Hua Duan1*

 

...nsidered for therapeutic application in AD-affected patients.
...
Muhammad Faheem Akbar1,*, Muhammad Abdul Haq2, Imtiaz Ahmad1, Vasileva Viliana3 and Amjad Sultan1
...er 0, 1, 3 and 7 days of application in the leaves and cauliflower curd using high performance liquid chromatography. First order degradation kinetics was fitted on this data and degradation rate constants and half-life were calculated. Conventional pesticides were found to be more persistent in the crop (Average half-life: 2.94, 4.06 and 2.74 days for imidacloprid, endosulfan and profenofos respectively) than bio pesticides (Average half-life: 3.87 and 1.81 d...
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Sajjad Ali2, Asad Abdullah1, Samina Khalid3, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Afzal1 and Jaima Molina-Ochoa5
...nts. Instead, smartphone application may be a good source to measure the foliar damage. In this study, foliar damage of Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on sunflower and soybean crops was measured using BioLeaf android application. The infected leaves due to citrus canker were also tested using BioLeaf for foliar analysis. Our results demonstrated that the quantification of foliar damage using BioLeaf

Muhammad Rasheed*, Tayyaba Naseer, Asma Hassan, Fayaz ul Hassan, Rifat Hayat, Ghulam Jilani, Samman Gul Vaseer and Muhammad Bilal Ali 

Jiao Qin,Qian-Qian Su and Quan-Sheng Liu* 
...h repeated and long-term application of anticoagulant rodenticides in southern China. Fertility control is considered as an alternative strategy for management of this pest. Cabergoline can inhibit prolactin (PRL) secretion and was applied in fertility control for animal, however, the physiological and behavioral mechanisms of cabergoline as a sterilant in practice remain little known. This study determined the effects of different doses of cabergoline on the ...
Boxin Dou, Ying Liu*, Yumeng Liu, Lili Fan, Yongqiang Ma, and Yanguo Shi
...tivity has the potential application in functional and novel foods, dietary supplements or even pharmaceuticals as an antihypertensive agent.
...
Meriem Msaad Guerfali1,*, Heitham Hamden1, Salma Fadhl1, Wafa Djobbi1, Lotfi Sillini1, Wafa Marzouki1 and Mohammed Ammar2
... trying to introduce the application of spinosad that was also reported to cause resistance under extensive use. The aim of this work was to monitor the susceptibility to malathion after prolonged use in wild caught tunisian Ceratitis as well as to spinosad after a survey carried out with farmers and to give precise informations about treatment management state. Surve...
Savas Atasever*, Ali Vaiz Garipoglu and Huseyin Erdem
...to the different feeding applications (grazing (G), silage usage (S), compound feed usage (C), number of milking cow (NMC), calf suckling period (CSP)). Average F (3.144±1.931%), P (3.022±0.448%), L (4.475±0.669%) and logSCC (5.386±0.529) values were within acceptable ranges. The present investigation revealed that feeding practices had an important role on both milk quality and quantity of Jersey crossbred cows. Therefore, it is su...
Ali Asghar1*, Tariq Mukhtar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Asim Gulzar2
...s compared to their sole applications. Similarly, at higher inoculum densities, the reductions were the maximum in all these parameters. Significant variations were observed in number of galls and egg masses per root system in response to both the pathogens applied individually and in combinations. Maximum numbers of galls and egg masses were observed where nematode was applied alone. Significant reductions in galls and egg masses were recorded where nematode ...

Muhammad Zamin1*, Abdullah Khan1, Ibadullah Jan1, Fazli Rabbi2, Shahen Shah3, Rashid Ali1, Kaleem Ullah1 and Muhammad Amin4 

...f gladiolus at different application rate of nitrogen and potash, a study was conducted at National Agriculture Research Council (NARC) Islamabad, in May to August 2018. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 10 treatment combinations of nitrogen (0, 100, 200, 400 kg ha-1), Potash (0, 100, 200, 400 kg ha-1) and other combinations (200N + 100K kg ha-1, 100N + 200K kg ha-1 and 400N + 400K kg ha-1) with four replications. Ther...

Muhammad1*, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Syed Akhtar Ali Shah1 

...a valuable resource. The application of WTP can be an effective tool for urban planners and policymakers to incorporate the views of urban dwellers for sustainable SWM, food self-sufficiency and financial autonomy of the public utility company. 

...

Saeed Ahmed Shah Chishti1, Saba Aleem1*, Iram Sharif2, Kashif Nadeem1, Nusrat Parveen1 and Muhammad Najeebullah1 

...ficantly improved by the application of 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid. Highest yield per plant 13.50 kg was recorded with the application of 75 ppm in 4- chlorophenoxy acetic acid twicely when the minimum temperature was ranged between 12.5-23°C. Likewise, maximum yield per plant 7.08 kg was also obtained with the same treatment when the minimum temperature was between 2-7.5°C. This gain was primarily due to increased ...
Mohammad Ejaz1, Salma Javed2, Muhammad Hamza1, Sadia Tabassum2, Muhammad Abubakar3, Irfan Ullah4*
...s having a wide range of applications as compared to the original products. Fungal endophytes are the most commonly used endophytes for the isolation of various different types of bioactive molecules. These bioactive molecules can be used as antimicrobial, antibacterial and anticancer agents. Fungal endophytes like Taxomyces andreanae isolated from Yew plant have the potential to produce an anti-cancer compound called Paclitaxel. Other different fungal ...

Rehman Ali Keerio1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui2, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Maryum Siddiqui4, Hajra Khan3 and Farheen Deeba Soomro

...findings that the foliar application of Zn in 2.0% concentration can be employed to increase the sunflower yield and oil content. The study suggests that Zn can be employed for improving sunflower yields and quality, especially in regions where the soils are Zn deficient. Such approaches could contribute to optimizing current fertilization strategies and can help in improving sunflower production. 

...

Nadia Mangrio1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Nihaluddin Mari3 and Zia-ul-Hassan Shah2

...cused on hypothesis that application of both Zn and B play a key role in getting better sugarcane yield and superiority. Experiment was conducted under field condition during 2016-17 and repeated in 2017-18 at Sugarcane Research Institute, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan. Crop in 1st year was planted on an experimental field by shifting on another adjacent field in 2nd year, which was fallow. The sugarcane variety PSTJ-41 was used for the study of Zn and B as soil a...

Ahmad Naeem Shahzad1, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi2, Samee Ullah1, Muhammad Latif3, Shakeel Ahmad1 and Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari1* 

...a+ dynamics by trehalose application. In conclusion, trehalose plays a key role in survival of plants under elevated saline conditions. 

...

Peer Sikandar Shah1, Ghulam Nabi1, Maqsood Khan*1,2, Saddam Hussain1 and Jawad Ali Jan1

...ys) were recorded in the application of FYM (full) + NPK (full) while maximum fruit weight (361.28 g) and fruit volume (218.87 cm3) was noted on FYM (full) + NPK (half). From the experiment, it is concluded that FYM at the rate of 20 t ha-1 and NPK at 90: 60: 30 kg ha-1 can be used for better and higher yield of sponge gourd under the climatic conditions of Peshawar. 

...
Salahud Din1,*, Saima Masood1, Hafsa Zaneb1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saima Ashraf1, Imad Khan3, Muqader Shah4 and Syed Abdul Hadi1
...rements during practical application.
...
Min Lv1, Hui Gan2, Zhide Ruan1, Huizan Yang1, Rui Wang1, Laiba Shafique3, Huma Naz4 and Huawei Ma1,
...reased over time as feed application increased, and were significantly higher in intestines than in other tissues. The Cd, Cr, and Hg concentrations in suspended particles and sediment increased significantly as time elapsed and feed increased. The Cd, Cr, and Hg concentrations in the intestinal systems increased as fish grew. Strong correlations were found between heavy metal concentrations in the intestine contents and suspended particles; intestine contents...

Muhammad Usman Saleem, Nadeem Iqbal, Shawaiz Iqbal*, Usama Bin Khalid, Adila Iram, Muhammad Akhter, Tahir Latif and Tahir Hussain Awan 

... pre-emergence weedicide application and afterwards about 3-5 days interval till tillering phase and then 5-7 days interval till crop maturity. The overall results indicated that paddy yield was 20% higher under DSR as compared to TPR. Moreover, during 2017 in Punjab Province, Pakistan, more than 2500 farmers cultivated rice using DSR on an area of about 10000 ha and found it more cost effective than manually TPR. Therefore, farmers can opt this technology to ...

Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehman2*, Iftikhar Nabi3, Amar Razzaq4, Raheel Saqib5, Allah Bakhsh6, Muhammad Mohibullah7 and Muhammad Luqman

...t border and religion by application of Park’s Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS). Result of this study showed that exchange rate of Pakistan has negative and significant effect on basmati export but exchange rate of trading partner has positive and significant effect on basmati export of Pakistan to its trading partner. The inflation in Pakistan has negative and significant effect on basmati exports from Pakistan to its trading partner. If Pakista...
Sohail Ahmed1,*, Muhammad Waseem Saleem1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Shahid Nisar2, Rashad Rasool Khan1 and Abdul Rashid3
...ments including separate application of each above and a control where none was applied except water only. Results showed significant difference amongst treatments (p <0.05). Application of spinosad alone and in combination with other control methods proved to be the most effective treatment. Releases of bio-agents viz., C. septempunctata and C. carnea resulted in 4.72 and 4.51 thrips leaf...

Anila Latif, Zaheer Abbas, Farhatullah and Ghulam Muhammad Ali* 

...e evaluated for possible application in agriculture. 

...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Raza1*, Waqas Wakil2,3, Imtiaz Hussain4 and Misbah Iqbal Qamar

...lanum tuberosum L.) with application of salicylic acid (SA) and β-aminobutyric acid (BABA). Concentration of SA and BABA (2, 4 and 5 mM) were applied to foliage. Application of both resistance inducers suppressed disease development by 54.1% and 67.4%, for SA and BABA, respectively, 5 days after pathogen inoculation. Numbers and size of lesions per plant was reduced by application of ...

Abid Khan*, Mukhtar Alam and Yousaf Jamal 

...nd b (9.8% and 8.5%). BM application significantly increased emergence (6.1%), delayed heading (2.3%) and maturity (3.04%), increased leaves and leaf area tiller-1 (9.1 and 14.1%), increased LAI (36.4%), increased height (8.65%), enhanced CGR (27.8%) and increased chlorophyll a and b (29% and 27.9%). Significantly earlier emergence (12 days), more leaves tiller-1 (4.9), delayed heading (114.6), greater leaf area tiller-1 (31.8 cm2), higher LAI (0.99), taller p...

Muhammad Younis1, Shahen Shah1*, Inamullah1, Rozina Gul2, Arshad Jalal1, Farhan Khalil1, Iqbal Hussain1 and Muhammad Adnan Fahad

...g P ha-1 with no sulphur application. It was concluded that solicitation of phosphorus and sulphur @ 50 kg ha-1 and 45 kg ha-1, respectively resulted in significantly higher yield contributing parameters of sesame; therefore, recommended for the locality. 

...

Filza Fatima Rizvi1, Muhammad Umair1, Muhammad Kahlid Jamil2*, Masooma Hassan2, Komal Qayyum1 and Syed Mohsin Raza Kazmi

...enewable sources and its application in different sectors for example Agriculture. Oil, gas and coal. The same is true for Pakistan that has agriculture based economy. The present study was undertaken to review energy consumption in the agriculture sector of Pothohar region of Pakistan. This region has no proper irrigation system due to its topography. Additionally, potential of renewable energy in Pothohar region that includes solar, wind and biogas has been ...

Samman Gul Vaseer1, Muhammad Rasheed1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Yamin Bibi2, Saqlain Shah1, Asma Hassan1, Lubna Ayub Durani1, Muhmmad Asif3 and Zuhair Husnain

Shah Nawaz Khuhro1*, Irshad Ali Junejo1, Muhammad Haroon Hullio1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan2, Sultan Ahmed Maitlo3 and Mukhtiar Ahmed Shaikh

...ices regarding pesticide application by the vegetable growers in Dadu canal irrigated area carried out on targeted vegetable farmers in three Districts Shikarpur, Larkana, and Dadu of northern Sindh, Pakistan. The effect of pesticides on human health and the environment is a main public health issue in Pakistan. These negative effects of pesticides can be minimized by awareness to the growers focusing more on alternative methods for sustainable crop production...

Filza Fatima Rizvi1*, Waqar khan2, Syed Mohsin Raza Kazmi3 and Muhammad Umer

Muhammad Jan1*, Safdar Hussain2, Muhammad Anwar ul Haq3, Javed Iqbal4, Ilyas Ahmad4, Muhammad Aslam4 and Aiman Faiz3 

...inst the organic sources applications impacts. The application of compost and FYM in combined increased the physical parameters number of bolls per plant, plant height, sympodial branches, monopodial and seed cotton yield as compared to compost and FYM individual application. Among the all varieties, Lalazar performed better by producing maximum monopodial and sympodial branches, plant hei...

Wajiha Anum1*, Liaquat Ali1, Umair Riaz2*, Abid Ali1, Nadia Manzoor3, Laal Hussain Akhter4, Asad Ur Rahman5, Naeem Maan6 and Ijaz Ahmad

...re M1=Line sowing + Band application of phosphorus, M2=Line sowing +Broadcast application of Phosphorus at sowing, M3=Line sowing + Broadcast application of P at first irrigation. Yield and yield determining parameters were measured along with phosphorus stress factor, agronomic P use efficiency, and economic analysis. The results revealed that the band placement method gave the highest yi...

Zubair Aslam and Ali Ahmad* 

...: Control (No fertilizer application); Fvc: Solid vermicompost @ 5 ton/ha; Fvt: vermi-tea @ 6 %; Fc: Chemical fertilizers (N and P) @ 120-100 kg/ha were applied in maize hybrid P30B74. The plants were harvested 45 days after sowing and the evaluation was done on the basis of various morphological (root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, number of leaf, leaf length, stem girth) and physiological param...

Jawad Ali Jan1, Ghulam Nabi1, Maqsood Khan1,2*, Shehzad Ahmad1, Peer Sikandar Shah1, Saddam Hussain1 and Sehrish

...be concluded that aerial application of humic acid at 50 g L-1 and variety High fly variety give best results under the climatic conditions of Peshawar. 

...
Muhammad Usman Asif1*, Sadam Hussain Soomro2, Raza Muhammad1, Sikandar Ali Soomro2
...00 ml) after 24 hours of application followed by Voliam Flexi 300 SC causing 66.66 % and 75% mortality on its recommended (80 ml) and high dose (160 ml), respectively. After 72 hours, 83.33% mortality was observed in Voliam Flexi on its recommended dose whereas percent mortality was reached to 100% on its high dose. Uniron 10 EC was also found effective and statistically at par with Voliam Flexi 300 SC causing 100 % mortality at its recommended dose after 96 h...
Imad Hassan1, Bilal-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Amir2, Faheem Ali2*, Salman Ilahi2 and Amjad Ali3 

Ehsan-Ul-Haque1, Akbar Hayat1*, Muhammad Asim1, Sajjad Hussain2, Muhammad Shakeel Hanif3, Muhammad Zubair1, Muhammad Abdullah Jamil1 and Faheem Khadija1 

...ungicide is an effective application to control postharvest citrus fruit decay with perks of safety and convenience. 

...

 Gulzar Mehmood1*, M. Zahid Khan1, Haseeb Ur Rahman1, and Sohail Abbas2

AN EFFICIENT AND SECURE SESSION KEY ESTABLISHMENT SCHEME FOR HEALTH-CARE APPLICATIONS IN WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS
...ch. WBAN has many unique applications especially in medical and health-care. This kind of network
provides support in on-the-spot decision making and therapeutic treatments. However, one of the main issues with
WBAN in medical applications is security and patients’ information privacy. In such applications ensuring human
vital sign privacy and security is very im...

Ahmad Hussain1*, Syed Murtuza Mehdi2, Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Adeel3, Mohammed Hassan Jabal4, Farid Nasir Ani4 

INVESTIGATION THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CASTOR OIL WITH MINERAL OIL BLENDS
...-based products for many applications and is the focus of
research in this study. Besides being a renewable energy resources with instant and perpetual availability, vegetable
oil based products can also have the potential for reducing carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emission, when used in
such applications as lubricant in internal combustion engines and in industrial processes. In this paper, the impact<...

Muhammad Naeem1*, Sahib Khan2, Nasir Ahmad3

A DISTRIBUTED GENETIC ALGORITM AND A-PRIORI ALGORITHM FOR THE HUB AND FACILITY LOCATION PROBLEMS
...uyers. It has many other applications. In this study, we combine a-priori with a genetic algorithm (GA)
to solve two classical NP-hard location problems namely the Un-capacitated Single Allocation Problem (USAHLP)
and Un-capacitated Facility Location Problem (UFLP). A distributed model of the proposed algorithm has been
implemented. The performance of the algorithm has been evaluated with standard benchmark problems for USAHLP
and U...

Nabeel Maqsood1,2*, Afzal Khan1, Muhammad Khalid Alamgir2, Shaukat Ali Shah1, Muhammad Fahad3 

PTFE THIN FILM COATING ON 316L STAINLESS STEEL FOR CORROSION PROTECTION IN ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT
...d in various engineering applications because of their
fine mechanical and excellent corrosion resistance properties in different mediums. 316L SS shows poor corrosion
behavior in HCL. Hard coating is often required for protection of 316L SS from wear and corrosion. In this research
paper polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was coated on 316L SS by spin coating technique to modify their corrosion
resistance in acidic media containing Hyd...

Waqas, A. Imtiaz1, Yousaf Khan1, Syed Waqar Shah2 

COST VERSUS RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF NEW TREE-BASED HYBRID PROTECTION ARCHITECTURE FOR OPTICAL CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS SYSTEM
...(PON) has
limited applications in providing protection to network components. This increases the overall downtime of PON, and
reduce its feasibility for deployment at the access domain. Therefore, it is imperative to design an economical system
that should be able to provide fault detection and restoration at both feeder and the distribution level. This paper
focuses on design and analysis of a novel tree-based hybrid protection arc...

Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Shahnaz Attaullah3, Abdul Shakoor4, Hidayat Ullah Khan5, Khan Alam5, Kausar Shaheen1 

CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFICACY OF ULTRAFAST LASER PULSES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
...ed for
biomedical applications. The femtosecond laser system was also used to fabricate a bricks and mortar structure in
keratin films to investigate skin structures for different cream absorption. The laser characterised here is Spectra
Physics, Hurricane X. This is a complex laser system consisting of a seed laser and a regenerative amplifier. It is
important to have knowledge of these characteristics to be able to predict the tra...

Ghani Akbar1, Muhammad Munir Ahmad1, Abdul Ghafoor1, Matiullah Khan1, Zafar Islam1 

IRRIGATION EFFICIENCIES POTENTIAL UNDER SURFACE IRRIGATED FARMS IN PAKISTAN
...on performance including application efficiency (AE), Potential Application Efficiency
(PAE), Adequacy (AD) and distribution uniformity (DU), of 17 irrigation events were evaluated and further potential
for improvement by optimising field sizes were identified using surface irrigation evaluation Model WinSRFR 4.1.3.
The study revealed poor irrigation efficiencies, AElq (41% to 82%), PAEmin (43% to 95%), ...

Shabana Rafique1, Shahnaz Parveen Khattak1, Tanveer Hussain2, Faiza Tauqeer1, Bashir Ahmad3 

EVALUATION OF FLEXURAL RIGIDITY AND ABRASION RESISTANCE OF POST AND META-FINISHED PIGMENT DYED P/C FABRICS
...ifferent modes
of application on the abrasion resistance and flexural rigidity of fabrics. As regards the type of finish, the effect of
U-V absorber and Pekoflam OP flame retardant (organic phosphorous compound) on fabric stiffness was found to be
advantageous, providing it a soft texture. The post-application of fluorine based liquid water repellent finish (NUVAFD)
at high concentration well resi...

Muneeb Abrar1, Shabbir Majeed Chaudhry2 

DESIGN OF A LOW NOISE, LOW POWER AND SPURIOUS FREE PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR AND CHARGE PUMP FOR PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS
... Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) applications. ThePFD design uses only six transistors for
the detection process, which reduces the chip area and power consumption of the PLL block. It also minimizes the
dead zone and eliminates the reset path to reduce the delay. The output is passed through a buffer to suppress the
distortion and to reduce the overall output noise. Phase noise has been reduced to -156 (dBc/Hz) at 1 MHz offset
frequency. A...

Farid Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Iqbal1 

DEVELOPMENT OF A TESTING RIG FOR VIBRATION AND WIND BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS
...alibration and aerospace applications. Unlike mechanical
shakers, electromagnetic shakers can produce random vibrations and can also be used for shock tests. The reported
vibration shaker is electrodynamic type. Different parts of the vibration shaker and wind tunnel are fabricated by
conventional machining. For vibration shaker, a 1000 W speaker is fitted in a wooden box. The wooden box is made
adjustable and through the railing me...

Farid Ullah Khan*, Adeel Ahmed*, Uzair Khan Jadoon*, Fahim Haider* 

MODELING, SIMULATION AND FABRICATION OF AN UNDERSHOT FLOATING WATERWHEEL
.../> for run-of-the-river applications. For the undershot floating waterwheel, analytical modeling and simulation are performed
to estimate the optimal design parameters. Moreover, the dependence of output power on various parameters
of waterwheel is also investigated during simulations. It is found, during analysis that the water flow velocity is the
major factor affecting the output power and due to availability of high flow velocity stre...

Sahib Khan*, Abdur Rehman*, Nasir Ahmad**, Muhammad Naeem*** 

THE REDUCTION OF SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
.../> and 2.45GHz wireless applications. Antenna is designated on a 3mm X 3mm X 3mm resolution truncated Hugo body
model in Computer simulation technology software. The ramification reveals the specific absorption rate simulated
value that were reduced by 89% compared to previously achieved SAR reduction of 83.5%. A reduction of power
absorption was also noticed as the space of patch antenna increased. The SAR of Patch antennas are reduced f...

Numan Ahmad, Shahid Bashirand Shahid Rauf 

DESIGN OF MINITURISED MIMO ANTENNA WITH W-LAN BAND NOTCHED FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) APPLICATIONS
...for Ultra-wideband (UWB) applications having capability to mitigate interference with the WLAN (5.15GHZ-5.85GHZ) operating band. A ‘spider’ shape structure is etched on the ground as a decoupling structure to obtain impedance matching as well as desired isolation. W-LAN notched band in the entire Ultra Wide band is obtained by etching a couple of straight line on the ground plane. A very compact UWB-MIMO antenna with overall dimension of 20×2...

Numan Habib, Naseer Ahmed, Riaz Muhammad, Himayat Ullah, Muftooh Ur Rehman, Kareem Akhtar 

ANALYSIS OF CHIP PRODUCED IN FREE MACHINING OF TI-6AL-7ZR-3NB-4MO-0.9ND AND TI-5AL-7ZR-7NB-0.7ND ALLOYS
...ncreased its use in many applications, not only because of its chemical properties but also because of its excellent properties including, high strength to density ratio, withstand with high stresses, better fatigue and corrosion properties and ability to resist high temperatures. However, all these properties of this alloy results in poor machinability, hence, make the automatic machining of these alloys nearly difficult. The main limitation of titanium and...
Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Ejaz Ashraf3*, Asad Ali4 and Arooba Rubab5
Effect of Insecticides on the Longevity of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
...three days of pesticides application, Apis mellifera was exposed to insecticides, placing three honey bee colonies in the center of each plot in the field. Four frames from each colony and twenty cells from each frame were selected as samples for further studies. After egg hatching larval duration was recorded until pupal duration starts. The honey bees were caged after pupal duration starts and marked with permanent marker for adult data recording. The data w...
Kemi F. Omotesho*, Adedamola V. Adetayo, Adeniyi F. Akinrinde and Deborah A. Olabode
 
Challenges to the Adoption of Agricultural Innovations: The Case of Yam Minisett Technology in Kwara State, Nigeria
...ett dust and insecticide application (MWDS= 3.58). Reasons for non-adoption of the technology included wrong perception of the technology, low technological know-how and increased production cost with mean scores of 2.92. High cost of production (MS=2.57), unavailability and poor quality of dust and insecticides (MS=2.08) and Poor training (MS=2.01) were major challenges faced by the adopters. At p<0.05, frequency of extension contact (β=0.209) and mem...

Ihsan Rabbi*, Sehat Ullah**, Aftab Alam**

MARKER BASED TRACKING IN AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS USING ARTOOLKIT: A CASE STUDY
...iv>TIn Augmented Reality applications, registration between a virtual and a real world object is necessary. The registration
is needed for tracking video camera pose (position and orientation) with respect to the real world objects. In
existing vision-based augmented reality systems, marker-based technique is widely used approach to track the video
camera pose. In this paper, we present an analysis of marker-based tracking u...

 Akhtar Nawaz*, Sahar Noor*, Iftikhar Hussain*, Afzal Khan*, Shahid Rashid**, Rehman Akhtar*

METHODOLOGY FOR POSITIONING MULTIPLE DECOUPLING POINTS IN HYBRID MANUFACTURING SUPPLY CHAIN SYSTEM
... best possible cost. The application of the model has been demonstrated through an example for its usefulness.
The results shows effectiveness of the proposed model and leads to recommendations for developing a comprehensive
and integrated methodology for designing interface for hybrid manufacturing supply chain networks for quick
response to the delivery lead time.
...

 Numan Ahmad1, Shahid Bashir1*, Shahid Rauf1

DESIGN OF MINITURISED MIMO ANTENNA WITH W-LAN BAND NOTCHED FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) APPLICATIONS
...for Ultra-wideband (UWB) applications having

capability to mitigate interference with the WLAN (5.15GHZ-5.85GHZ) operating band. A ‘spider’ shape structure is
etched on the ground as a decoupling structure to obtain impedance matching as well as desired isolation. W-LAN
notched band in the entire Ultra Wide band is obtained by etching a couple of straight line on the ground plane. A
very compact UWB-MIM...

 Numan Habib1, Naseer Ahmed1, Riaz Muhammad1*, Himayat Ullah2, Muftooh Ur Rehman1, Kareem Akhtar3

ANALYSIS OF CHIP PRODUCED IN FREE MACHINING OF TI-6AL-7ZR-3NB- 4MO-0.9ND AND TI-5AL-7ZR-7NB-0.7ND ALLOYS
...ncreased its use in many applications, not only because of its chemical
properties but also because of its excellent properties including, high strength to density ratio, withstand with high
stresses, better fatigue and corrosion properties and ability to resist high temperatures. However, all these properties
of this alloy results in poor machinability, hence, make the automatic machining of these alloys nearly difficult. T...

Nisar Mohammad٭, Mohammad Mansoor Khan٭, Noor Mohammad٭

EXTRACTION OF HIGH QUALITY TALC FROM TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES BY FLOTATION AND LEACHING
...if in access, limits its applications. In present research work, beneficiation studies of carbonatic talcose rock of Mingora emerald mine located in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan were conducted to recover high quality talc out of the talc carbonate rock and to develop a technique for up gradation of indigenous noncommercial talc resources from other locations. These rocks host emerald crystals and the debris are dumped after excavation and e...

Gul Rukh*, Iftikhar Khan* M. Naeem Arbab*, Uzma Nawaz*

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EFFICIENT MICRO-HYDROELECTRIC SCHEME FOR LOW HEADS
...ly proposed for low head applications. After carefully studying the hydrology and geographical conditions of the site, turbine is designed for the heads of 3 to 10 meters obtainable from streams and irrigation channels. The low efficiency in already existing hydroelectric scheme used is addressed and compared with the existing scheme. Using the standard equations, trash rack, penstock and turbine is designed thus keeping the power losses as low as 4%. Hence fi...

Farid Ullah Khan*

ACTUATION ENHANCEMENT OF A MICRO BIMORPH THERMAL ACTUATOR
...ll, opening up new field applications for this micro device. In order to fabricate the novel Si-Steel bimorph, a generic fabrication sequence is described according to criteria of reproducibility, batch fabrication, applicability and cost effectiveness with the use of newer micro fabrication techniques such Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD), Laser Ablation (LA) and Micro electro-discharge machining (μEDM). Different designs of bimorph thermally actuated di...

Shaukat Ali*, Shah Khusro*, Laiq Hasan**, Asif Ali Khan**

A SURVEY OF MOBILE PHONES CONTEXT-AWARENESS USING SENSING COMPUTING RESEARCH
...tting-edge context-aware applications. Mobile phone sensing is old wine in a new bottle, having its roots extended from context-aware mobile computing. Mobile phones sensing capabilities can be exploited for developing context-aware applications to answer a number of real-world problems belonging to different sectors including automatic road condition detection and traffic monitoring, social networking, e...

M. Rizwan Gul*

COMPARISON OF THE OF MECHANICAL AND WEAR BEHAVIOURS OF DIFFERNT TYPES OF POLYETHYLENES AND THE EFFECT OF RADIATION CROSS-LINKING ON THESE BEHAVIOURS
...e to their wide range of applications and properties. They are sometimes cross-linked to improve their properties such as high temperature resistance and wear behavior. Radiation cross-linking using high energy electron beam or g-radiation constitutes one of the most convenient methods. This study explores the difference in mechanical and wear behavior of different polyethylenes, and compares the effect of radiation cross-linking and radiation dose on these pr...

Azam Khan*, Irshad Ahmad**

TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS OF SEISMICALLY ISOLATED FIXED BASE OFFSHORE PLATFORM
...sents an overview of the application of seismic isolation to a fixed-base offshore platform. A series of nonlinear time history analyses has been undertaken for the Platform A to assess structural integrity under Ductility Level Earthquake (DLE) design events. A full nonlinear time history analysis (including soil and foundation modelling) has been undertaken using finite element software SAFJAC for an extreme earthquake records scaled for the DLE event.
...

Muhammad Imran Ahmad*, Nan Zhang**, Megan Jobson**, Muhammad Younas*, Kamran Ghani***

DELUMPING PROCEDURE FOR PREDICTION OF DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTS IN DISTILLATION USING A SHORT-CUT MODEL
...ed to elucidate the application in modeling of distillation using short-cut calculation methods. The proposed methodology helps retain molecular information of composition of petroleum fractions and may help extend the premise of molecular components-based modeling to separation processes such as distillation.
...

Inayat Ullah*, Shah Khusro**, Saeed Mahfooz**, Azhar Rauf**

IMPACT OF NETWORK SCALABILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RIP AND IGRP FOR EMAIL SERVICES
...s better results for any application in simple network architectures. This paper studies the performance of RIP and IGRP in simple networks of different sizes, using email application as evaluation entity. The objective is to find that where, in simple network architectures, RIP with its simple metric will produce better email services or IGRP will win the race with the help of its composite metric. This study...

Muhammad Tahir Manzoor*, Javed Iqbal*, Mohammad Inayatullah Babar*, Zeeshan Sabir* Khizar Azam*

MULTI HOP CLUSTER DESIGN IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
...reased depending on application it is designed for, battery life of sensor nodes gets reduced with this extra consumption of energy due to the expanded size of the cluster. In this paper we examined different performance matrices of the WSN by increasing the size of cluster up to four hops and then compared the results with the network having a cluster with small number of hops.

...

Syed Mufeed Hadi Naqvi1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui1, Waqar-Ul-Hassan Tareen1, Muhammad Ameer Qarib Naqvi2 and Naseeb Hussain3

Usage of Mobile Phone by Vegetable Growers and its Impact on Vegetable Production
...ation agencies about the applications of mobile handset that will help the grower to increase their production. There is a need to provide trainings to the vegetable growers about using of mobile phone for obtaining reliable and authentic information about vegetables producing for enhanced production.

...

Saba Iqbal1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Hafiz Muhammad Nasrullah1, Asmat Ullah1 and Hafiz Muhammad Akram2

Response of Cotton to Application of Organic and Inorganic Source of Nutrients in Semi-Arid Climate
... of integrated nutrients application for cotton crop. The effect of different combination of mineral/inorganic nitrogen (N), farm yard manure (FYM: comprised of cow dung) , poultry manure and slurry (waste product of biogas plant that uses manure of all kind of farm animals to produce biogas) were investigated to figure out the best possible combination for cotton crop. Different combinations were; T1= control (recommended fertilizer dose 145-56-62 NPK kg ha-1...
Muhammad Shaheen
APPLICATION OF LABELLED K MEANS CLUSTERING FOR GIS CONTRACT AUTOMATION
...f labels constrained its application on different text data sets. Labelled K Means clustering generate labels for the clusters obtained from K Means Clustering which makes this technique more decisive for text data sets. A novel application of Labeled K Means Clustering for automation of technical part of GIS contracts is given in this paper. Geographic Information System (GIS) contract which is signed between GIS service pr...

 Gulzar Ahmad1, M. Inayatullah Babar2

AN EFFICIENT PATCH ANTENNA WITH IMPROVED BANDWIDTH FOR FUTURE APPLICATIONS
...s types of wireless applications in near future.

...

Shakir Azim1*, Sahar Noor1, Rehman Akhtar1, Qazi Salman Khalid1, Tufail Habib1, Usman Ghani2

SETTING OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AND EFFECT OF MOULD QUALITY ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PHARMACEUTICAL CUP OF POLYPROPYLENE
...ult of mounting plastics applications, growing customer increased, the quality prerequisites of injection molded items have turned out to be progressively extreme. The setting and optimization of key process parameters are acknowledged as important means to deal with liven up the quality of the molded items. Inappropriate or unseemly settings of parameters normally create quality and production issues. Minute changes of significant molding ...

 Laiq Khan1, Sidra Mumtaz2, Kamran Javed3, S.W. Shah4, M.I. Khan Babar5, S.R. Akbar6

GENERATORS MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING USING HARMONY SEARCH ALGORITHM
... This paper presents the application of harmony search (HS) algorithm for solving generators maintenance scheduling problem. HS algorithm is quite efficient, because, the convergence rate of this algorithm is very fast. HS algorithm is based on the concept of music improvisation process of searching for a perfect state of harmony. To verify the great power of this method, HS algorithm is applied to solve GMS problem of different power produ...

 Faizullah Mahar1, Syed Saad Azhar Ali1, Abid Karim1

DESIGN OF FIXED ORDER ROBUST CONTROLLER USING H∞ -NORM AND EVOLUTIONARY TECHNIQUES: COMPARISONS AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
...aw design. In industrial applications it is hard to execute these controllers practically. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes the use of evolutionary techniques (i.e. genetic algorithm and immune algorithm) for the designing of a low, fixed order robust controller. To check the effectiveness of the proposed approach, resulting controller parameters are evaluated for performance analysis via extensive simulations. Simulation resul...

 Usman Ali Naeem*, Hashim Nisar*, Habib-ur-Rehman** and Naeem Ejaz*

DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD DISCHARGE MODELS USING GIS
...l networks. Advance applications allow an excellent automated system to monitor, control and manage water allocations to better utilize water resources, minimize wastage and predict hazards. The first step to all of this is to have accurate information of the catchment areas, so that in coordination with concerned departments, modeling and predictions of futuristic results is possible which will yield better decision making leading to ...

 S.W. Shah*, M.I. Babar*, L. Khan**, M.N. Arbab*, H. Ullah*** and R.A. Syed***

RELIABLE MULTICAST IMPLEMENTATION IN JAVA
...y has been introduced at application layer and is receiver’s initiated, NACK (negative acknowledgement) based.
...

Sikander Hiyat1, Nazim Hussain1, Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani2*, Muhammad Nasir Abbas2, Smana Raza3, Javed Shabbir Dar4 and Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir5 

... revealed that exogenous application of mepiquat chloride @ 0.61 L ha-1, significantly reduced plant height as compared to control treatment. However, it did not reduce all other yield attributes of cotton. Among the row spacing treatments, widely spaced cotton plants (RS3, 75 cm) without application of mepiquat chloride produced maximum seed cotton yield as compared to all other spacing levels. Ultra-narrow row spacing (RS1...

Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal1*, Ijaz Ahmad2, Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra3, Abu Baker Ijaz4, Zahid Hassan Tarar5, Muhammad Ansar6, Umer Iqbal7, Tayyaba Naz4, Bilquees Fatima8, Muhammad Akram9, Allah Wasaya10, Asif Iqbal11, Shakeel Ahmed Anwar12, Khalid Saif Ullah Khan13, Azeem Khalid14, Asif Aziz15 and Rashid Mehmood16 

...stress. Moreover, foliar application of chemicals during normal and late planting improved the grain yield by increasing both the grain number and size. Foliar spray of SA, AsA and H2O2 may induce heat tolerance by improving antioxidant activities which stabilized membrane and maintaining relative water, chlorophyll and nutrient content in ear leaves of maize during heat stress. 

...

Ghulam Murtaza1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Ashraf Malik2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad3 

...ioration. Organic matter application can prove helpful in keeping the salt level low in root rhizosphere. To check the efficacy of organic matter in mitigating the harmful impacts of salty water irrigation on soil characteristics, this trail was conducted. The irrigation water of 3 different types (canal water and saline water of electrical conductivity values 2 and 3 dS m-1) were used alone and with farmyard manure (FYM) at 5 and 10 Mg/ha. This trial comprise...

Matiullah Khan1*, Humera Arif2, Muhammad Rasheed2, Motsim Billah3 and Shoaib Ahmad

...ive P fertilizers’ application is continuously increasing the cost of crop production. The huge amount rock phosphate (RP) found in Hazara area of Pakistan can be utilized as P source by preparing Single Super Phosphate (SSP). The spatial variation in minerology of Hazara RP might have an impact on the availability of phosphorus from these rocks. The experiment was therefore planned to revisit the formulation of SSP for various Hazara locations’ ro...
Magbolah Salem Helal Alzahrani
...the possible therapeutic applications of different levels of M. chamomilla on the functional status of liver, in rats injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a known hepatotoxin. Thirty-six male albino rats were treated with subcutaneous injection of CCl4 in paraffin oil 50% V/V (2ml/kg b. wt.) twice a week for 2 weeks to induce chronic liver damage. After injection of CCl4, blood samples were obtained using the retro...

Mazhar Abbas1*, Kishwar Jam1, Rashid Iqbal Khan1, Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye2, Tariq Rafique3 and Zahid Mahmood

...ed that impact of foliar application of both Quantis and Acevit-C on bottle gourd growth and reproductivity were significant. Moreover, application of 100 ppm Acevit-C and 10 ml/L-1 Quantis exhibited 6.5 and 11.5 fold increment in yield respectively as compared to control. The use of these plant products at variant concentrations showed an increase of antioxidant activity by upgrading superoxide dismutase activity (64.42 U m...
Ayesha Noreen1, Amina Elahi1, Dilara Abbas Bukhari2 and Abdul Rehman1*

 

... form may find potential application in environmental biotechnology.
...

Murtaza1, Syed Attaullah Shah1*, Shahid Ali1, Amjad Ali1 and Asia Baig2

Economic Analysis of Maize Production in Central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...nd inorganic fertilizers application. The model predicted mean technical efficiency of 85% with a maximum possible of 97%. This indicates that 12% increase in yield is possible with the existing production technology. Results for the Stochastic Frontier Model-2 identified head’s formal education, farming experience and level of involvement in agriculture and combined family structure as important factors significantly reducing inefficiency in maize produ...

Muhammad Riaz Gondal1,2*, Aqib Riaz4, Sultan Ahmad Rizvi2, Bushra Zulfiqar2, Waqas Naseem2, Humara Umar3, Ahmad Hussain1 and Mazher Iqbal

...eedy check (no weedicide application) during summer seasons of years 2018 and 2019. It was observed that application of Glyphosate and Paraquat @ 2 L ha-1, 1.5 L ha-1 reduced the grassy weeds after first cut of S.S. Hybrid up to 99.6%, 87%, 64.8% and 54.3 % respectively. However, somewhat better control i.e., 99.5%, 98.9%, and 95.5%, 94.66% respectively was obtained during 2019. Clodinafop and Puma super suppressed the grass...
Shikun Ge1, 2, Yanli Yang3, Brindha Chelliappan4, 5, Antonysamy Michael5, Fagang Zhong1 and Xiaoying Zhang1, 2, 3, 4*
...ovide basic data for IgY application in animal feed supplements.
...
Huma Abbas1*, Nazir Javed1,Muhammad Kamran2, Sajid Aleem Khan1Hira Abbas3, Ehetisham-ul-Haq2, Abdul Jabbar1, Mehwish Naz1 and Ihsan Ullah4
...e. Efficacy of different application methods; soil drench and root dip was also tested. Results revealed that all the chemicals have more or less systemic effect against M. incognita. Cartap was found to be more effective in reduction of egg masses followed by Virtako in both treated and untreated root portion. Number of egg masses was reduced significantly in Cure and Azadirachtin in treated (45.7, 58.2) as well untreated root portion (93.7, 80.7) resp...

Muhammad Yaseen1*, Syed Amir Zia Abid1, Muhammad Luqman1, Syed Wasim Hasan2, Muhammad Aqeel Pitafi3, Muhammad Tariq Chaudhry4 and Muhammad Ameen5

Training Needs Assessment of Training Professionals Working in Agricultural Training Institutes in Punjab, Pakistan
...t and mobilization, ICTs application in agriculture and designing of training with mean values of 2.84, 2.82, 2.74, and 2.72 respectively. The government should provide training opportunities for professionals related to agriculture and training processes at national and international level.

...

Amir Afzal, Muhammad Ijaz and Sayed Rashad Ali Shah*

Determination of Suitable Growth Stage for Application of Fungicide against Stripe Rust in Wheat
...y to control diseases is application of suitable fungicide at appropriate growth stage. For this, an experiment was conducted to investigate proper growth stage for application of fungicide to control stripe rust in wheat. Sowings at various dates was done to attain various growth stages at once. Two genotypes 16C038 and cv. Ihsan 2016 were selected for study. Difenoconazole 25% was treated @ 0.3 ml/L of water using Knapsack...

Khalil Ahmed1*, Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Abdul Rasul Naseem1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Muhammad Khalid2, Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich3 and Muhammad Arif4

Use of Hyacinth Compost in Salt-Affected Soils
...e superior to their sole application. Hyacinth compost @ 10 and 15 t ha-1 with gypsum @ 50 % of GR performed equally in all studied parameters of rice and wheat crops and soil properties. Therefore, integrated use of gypsum @ 50 % of GR + hyacinth compost @ 10 t ha-1, seem as economical and a potential agro-ecological strategy for improving the deteriorated properties of saline-sodic soil and crop production. 

...
Safina Naz1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Bushra Siddique3, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4 and Abdur Rehman5 
 
Exogenous Application of Selected Antioxidants and Phyto Development Directors Influenced the Development, Output and Biochemical Attributes of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)
... plant was obtained with application of GA3(100 ppm). This was followed by salicylic acid (200 ppm). Leaf number was significantly lesser in the plants grown in control. Significantly greater fruit count /plant, length of fruit including sole fruit freshness and dry mass were recorded with GA3(100 parts/million) and salicylic acid (200 ppm) provision and lower values for these parameters were recorded with control. Fruit weight for single plant and output of f...

Safina Naz1*, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Bushra Siddique2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3*, Sajid Ali1, Hassan Sardar1, Sakeena Tul Ain Haider1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4, Hajra Azeem3, Sibghat Ullah5, Shah Pasand6 and Zehri Khan5

Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation Frequency on Growth, Yield and Heavy Metals Accumulation of Tomato and Okra
... (interval of five days) application of the sewage water. While reasonably less repetitive application (interval of fifteen days) of sewage water cause the less production of biomass, yield and growth. Moderately less repetitive applications (interval of ten days) of sewage water showed a significant increase in the addressed attributes of production in okra. The yield, as well as growth a...

Rana Shahzad Noor1,2, Fiaz Hussain2, Irfan Abbas3, Muhammad Umair2, Abu Saad2, Muhammad Umar Farooq4 and Yong Sun1*

Assessing Sustainability of Rainfed Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Production under Various Soil Tillage Systems: An Energy and Economic Analysis
...s described that intense application of agricultural machinery and operations were caused more energy consumption and reduction of energy use efficiency and may compromised on net energy and profitability of agroecosystems eventually. In rainfed agriculture system, all types of tillage as zero, reduced, and conservational systems could be applied instead of conventional tillage system in wheat farming according to studied energy parameters.

...

Malik Gul Hassan Awan, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz, Muhammad Ansar, Adeel Anwar, Umber Abbasi and Hashmat Mahmood

Influence of Foliar Application of Mineral Nutrients on Biological Nitrogen Fixation of Rainfed Soybean
... with and without foliar application of nutrients (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, P and Ca) in a sandy loam soil (Typic Ustorthents). The spray applied 0.7 g ha-1 Mn, 0.7 g ha-1 B, 0.7 g ha-1 Cu, and 1 g ha-1 Zn besides 59 g ha-1 P, and 27 g ha-1 Ca. Foliar application enhanced the nitrogen fixation in all the soybean varieties. Increase was 98% in NARC-2, 84% in Rawal-1 and 70% in Ajmeri-1. The highest N2 fixation of 68 kg ha-1 was observ...

Muhammad Arsaln1, Sair Sarwar2*, Rizwan Latif1, Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary3, Munazza Yousra2 and Shahbaz Ahmad2

Effect of Vermicompost and Microbial Inoculants on Yield, Soil Fertility and Economics of Wheat under Rainfed Conditions
...gn: justify;">Integrated application of mineral fertilizers, organic amendments and microbial inoculants not only maximize the crop production and economic returns but also improve the soil health. A two years field study was conducted in the farm of Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal (32o55’33”N, 72 o43’30”E) to evaluate the integrated impact of vermicompost (VC) and microbial inoculants on wheat yield and economics. Eight...

Shahid Nadeem1*, Taj Naseeb Khan1, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Adnan Younis2 and Iram Fatima3

Influence of Plant Growth Regulators by Foliar Application on Vegetative and Floral physiognomies of Gladiolus
...eristics with the foliar application of growth hormones i.e. gibberellic acid (GA3) and salicylic acid (SA). The results revealed that the application of GA3 and SA had significant influence on vegetative as well as floral traits of gladiolus. The maximum numbers of days (7.90) for the sprouting of gladiolus corms were counted with 1mM of SA similarly maximum plant height (93.60cm) and maximum numbers of leaves (9.86) were o...
Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami*, Andin Muhammad Abduh, Eko Hanudin and Benito Heru Purwanto
Study on the NPK Uptake and Growth of Rice under Two different Cropping Systems with different Doses of Organic Fertilizer in the Imogiri Subdistrict, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia
...les. The best fertilizer application was at a dose of 9 tons/ha-1.

...

Malik Abdul Rehman1, Shafqat Ali1, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal1, Muhammad Nawaz Khan1 and Mujahid Ali2*

Efficacy of Chemicals and Botanical Extracts to Control Citrus Canker on Kinnow in Sargodha Region
...64%, 59%, and 52% due to application of extract solutions of A. cepa, D. alba, Neem Oil, and A. nilotica, respectively. The application of different chemicals also significantly influenced the fruit quality regarding fruit weight, fruit size, peel thickness, and juice weight. Copper oxychloride and A. cepa extract-treated plant revealed better results. The use of copper oxychloride, difenconazole, and extracts of A. cepa and...

Mushtaq Ahmad Khan*, Abdul Basir and Beena Saeed

Biochar Improves Phenological and Physiological Attributes of Wheat in Soil Amended with Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Sources
...red to control. Whereas, application of 150 kg N ha-1 as urea, FYM and PM, delayed booting, anthesis, physiological maturity in wheat and increased plant height and spikes m-2 of wheat. Similarly, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1 applied from PM, FYM and urea resulted in higher LA, LAI, tillers and spikes m-2 over control plots. Hence, application of 120 kg N ha-1 either from organic or inorganic sources along with 20 t BC ha-1 shall b...

Dalal H. Sary and Rama T. Rashad*

A Comparative Study on the Impact of Compost, Humate, and Silicate on the Nutritional Characteristics of Calcareous Soil Cultivated by Soybean
...o the control. The 100 % application rate of compost showed the most significant increase in seed yield (kg ha-1, 84.88%) followed by K-H (69.07%) then K-Si (67.39%) compared to the control. Also, compost at rate 100 % showed the most significant increase of protein and total N (~77.07%) followed by K-Si (~60.67%) then K-H (~ 17.69%). However, compost and K-Si have almost decreased the concentration (mg kg-1) of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Si in soybean seeds signific...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Olubumi Atolani2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji3
Toxicity Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on Pratylenchus spp. of Zea mays
...copy analysis. Effect of application of plant phytochemicals on the planted maize was also examined in terms of growth rate and survival of Pratylenchus spp. The essential oil (ECSG/EO) exhibited significant (p<0.05) toxicity, reduced nematode population and increased grain yield (6.79 kg) compared to the standard, carbofuran (CBFN) (7.18 kg) The Eucalyptus globulus ethanol extract fractions (ECSG/EtOH) showed moderate effect, while the chopped leaf materia...

Saeed Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Habib ur Rahman1,3*, Tanveer-ul-Haq2, Mahmood Alam Khan4 and Arshad Mahmood5

Evaluation of Different Production Systems in Combination with Foliar Sulphur Application for Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Arid Climatic Conditions of Pakistan
...(32.7) recorded with the application of foliar sulphur spray (150 ppm). Similarly, sunflower produced maximum head diameter (18.0 cm), number of achenes per head (1510), 1000-achene weight (55.7 g) resulted in higher achene yield (2225 kg ha-1) including oil contents (38.7%) with foliar sulphur spray of 150 ppm. The nursery transplanted production system, however, produced the highest number of achenes per head (1466), head diameter (17.4 cm), 1000-achene weig...

Sajid Amin Sarmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Sohail Ahmed3 and Sylvain Nafiba Ouédraogo2

Development and Laboratory Evaluation of a Slow Release Formulation of Fipronil against Subterranean Termites (Odontotermes obesus Rambur)
... at 15 days of treatment application in T3MPF (maize cob powder plus fipronil) treatment after 48 h of bioassay. It was concluded that fipronil can be used as a slow acting toxicant by formulating it with some cellulose-based material such as powdered maize cobs in order to attract and kill the subterranean termites.

...

Ghulam Akbar1*, Ali Ahmad2, Neha Arooj1, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Aamna Rafique1, Sania Riasat1, Mohsin Raza1, Mahpara Qamar1, Shahneela Nusrat1 and Shakila Hanif1

Critical Update for the Treatment of Anemia by using Advanced Genome Editing Crispr Cas Technology
...ent data gives authentic applications of CRISPR use in anemia which provides potential for usage of gene editing technique for different types of anemia. In evaluation we defined currently developed genome editing device update used for the remedy of anemia, its mechanism of movement and sickle cellular mutation corrections.

...
Muhammad Ilyas1,2*, Imran Khan2*, Muhammad Umer Chattha2, Muhammad Umair Hassan2, Muhammad Zain3, Wajid Farhad4, Sana Ullah1, Ateeq Shah5, Safeer Ahmed6, Bismillah Khan1 and Muhammad Adeel1
Evaluating the Effect of Zinc Application Methods on Growth and Yield of Wheat Cultivars
...ine effect of various Zn application methods on the growth and yield of wheat cultivars during the growing season 2014-2015. The study was comprised of three cultivars of wheat; Galaxy-2014, Punjab-2011 and Millat-2011 and Zn application methods; seed priming @ 0.4% Zn solution, soil application @ 40 kg ZnSO4. H2O ha-1 foliar spray @ 0.5% Zn solution at vegetative stage and combination of ...
Wajahat Azeem1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Tooba Hamid2
... and T. harzianum applications. The reductions in these parameters were more pronounced where both the agents were integrated and resulted to the maximum where both the agents were mixed at the highest concentrations. The reductions in galls, egg masses and reproductive factor were found inversely proportional to the concentrations of A. indica and T. harzianum. Similarly, all the concentrations of A. indica when integrated with ...

Muhammad Nazar1, Chaudhary Muhammad Ayyub2, Mujahid Ali3*, Malik Abdul Rehman4, Shoib ur Rehman5 and Saqib Ayyub2

Amelioration of Thermo-Tolerance Ability in Spinacia oleracea L. Cultivars by Foliar Application of Chitosan
...hese stresses but foliar application of chitosan was a very significant tool. Three cultivars of spinach (All Pure Green, Desi Local, and Lahori Palak) were grown at normal temperature 18/20°C (day/night temperature) and then after four weeks after emergence 40/32°C (day/night temperature) was given by gradually enhancing 2°C per day. After one week of heat stress (40/32°C), four treatments (25, 50, 75, 100 ppm) of chitosan were applied as a fo...
Zhi Chen1, Toshifumi Minamoto2, Longshan Lin3 and Tianxiang Gao4,*
...vement to expand further application of eDNA analysis. In order to examine some cheaper kits’ effectiveness of extracting eDNA of macro-organisms and select an optional low-cost kit, a test among three kits was held. 12S rRNA bands of marine fishes on the agarose gel preliminarily revealed that all three kits could successfully extract eDNA from field water samples. Digital PCR results further revealed that the average eDNA concentration of Sepiella j...
Xia Li1*, Xueliang Zhan1 and Xinjie Shi2
...t was concluded that the application of ulinastatin combined with ambroxol in the treatment of AECOPD complicated with type II respiratory failure can significantly improve the treatment effect, help patients actively improve the condition and promote body recovery as soon as possible.
...

 Amna Arshad Bajwa1, Saher Islam1, Muhmmad Imran1, Karman Ashraf2, Arman Khan1, Muhammad Farhan Khan3, Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1Waseem Ahmad Khan4 and Wasim Shehzad1*

... developing conservation application for Punjab urials as well as equally applicable to other wild ungulates.
...
Jianjun Fu1, Shili Liu2, 3, Wenbin Zhu1, Yongyi Jia2, 3, Lanmei Wang1, Yufen Yang4, Zhimin Gu2, 3*and Zaijie Dong1*

Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1 and Nawab Khan3

Self-perceived Constraints of Extension Field Staff Affecting their Working Efficiency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ity about how to use new applications and techniques of modern technology for the purpose to increase agricultural production. The efficiency of EFS is, therefore, reflected by the farmers’ adoption level of modern recommended technology. The current study was designed and conducted during February 2018 for the purpose to find out self-perceived main constraints, affecting the efficiency of EFS in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Five distri...

Muhammad Jahanzaib1*, Nazakat Nawaz1, Muhammad Arshad1, Shehzadi Saima4, Muhammad Suhaib2, Muzammil Husain3, Haris Khurshid1 and Shahid Ali Khan1

Effect of Temporal Application of Gypsum on Mineral Uptake and Economically Important Morphometric Traits in Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L) under Rain-fed Conditions
...arious regimes of gypsum application and its effect on groundnut yield, morphometric parameters, and minerals (Ca, K, P) concentration in root and shoot have been examined. A newly released Pothowar groundnut variety (Variety name) was grown in 3 replications with 5 m row length using a randomized complete block design. Five different treatments were applied in two split doses i.e. T1 (0 %:100 %), T2 (25 %:75 %), T3 (50 %:50 %), T4 (75 %:25 %), and T5 (100 %:0...

Sajid Ali1, Abdul Basit1,3*, Abdul Mateen Khattak1, Syed Tanveer Shah1, Izhar Ullah2, Noor Alam Khan3, Imran Ahmad1, Kamran Rauf1, Salman Khan1, Irfan Ullah1 and Intizar Ahmad1

Managing the Growth and Flower Production of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) through Benzyle Amino Purine (BAP) Application and Pinching
...f zinnia flowers through application of BAP (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg L-1) and pinching (2, 4 and 6 leaf stages), was carried out at The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. Research analysis showed that zinnia plants treated with 100mg.L-1 and pinched at 6 leaves stage recorded maximum days to flowering, flower persistency, branches, leaves and flowers plant-1 and stem thickness. While in case of untreated and un-pinched plants maximum flower diameter, ...

Ali Zohaib1*, Habib Ullah2, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Tahira Tabassum2, Muzzammil Hussain1, Mohsin Nawaz3, Ghulam Abbas4 and Sohail Irshad5

Effect of NPK Fertilization Strategies on Growth, Yield, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economic Benefits of Relay Intercropped Wheat in Cotton
...viz. T1 (control, no NPK application), T2 (all PK at sowing, ½ N at tillering and ½ at booting), T3 (½ PK at sowing, ½ NPK at tillering and ½ N at booting), T4 (all PK at sowing, ½ N at sowing and ½ at tillering), T5 (all PK at tillering, ½ N at tillering and ½ at booting), T6 (all PK at tillering and N at booting) and T7 (all NPK at sowing) on growth, yield, agronomic nutrient use efficiency of ni...

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Saleem2, Ali Aziz2, Irfan Rasool2, Zeshan Ali3 and Muhammad Amin2

An Update on Biology, Extent of Damage and Effective Management Strategies of Chickpea Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)
...nimated bird perches and application of biological control measures (use of plant extracts, virus/bacteria based insecticides). In case of pod borer outbreaks, chemical insecticides remain as last option for farmers. However, management of chickpea pod borer through use of resistant cultivars, adopting recommended cultural practices and biological control measures have been found more effective, economical, sustainable and eco-friendly.

...

Hafiz Muhammad Wasim1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Sher Muhammad3, Usman Saleem4, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz5 and Aamer Sattar2

Impact of NaCl Toxicity on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa) Grown in Aridisol

Iqtidar Hussain*, Muzafar Ali, Imam Bakhsh and Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik

Effect of Different Levels of Naphthalene Acetic Acid at Various Phenological Stages of Hybrid Sorghum to Enhance Fodder Productivity
...tic Acid (NAA) as foliar application at various growth stages to increase the fodder productivity of hybrid sorghum. A field trial was carried out in RCBD having 3-replications with split-plot arrangement at Agriculture Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP during 2017. Sorghum hybrid cv. “Jumbo+” was used as tested plant material. Four levels of NAA (40, 80, 120 and 160 ml ha-1) were kept in main plots, whil...
Gulzar Ahmad*, Muhammad Bilal Khan, Junaid Bahadar Khan and Faheem Ali
 
 
...her frequencies wireless applications in general and 5G cellular applications in particular. In the past, researchers employed different dielectric substrates to analyze microstrip patch antenna in low frequency range. In the presented research work three different dielectric materials were investigated in the higher frequency range starting from 12GHz as the scientists consider these higher frequencies suitable for future w...

Muhammad Shahid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1 and Kashif Razzaq3

Application of Nanotechnology for Insect Pests Management: A Review
...d been controlled by the application of synthetic insecticides but due to the injurious application of these insecticides causes the development of resistance, environmental pollution, pest resurgence and unwanted effects on humans, animals and beneficial fauna. The pesticides residues remain in the different parts of the crops and cause the lethal effects on human health. Many countries in the world switched from chemical b...
Alam Zeb* and Amanullah Jan
...ng method, with combined application of 180 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg S ha-1 produced higher yield and yield related components.
...

Junaid Ahmad1*, Shazma Anwar1, Anwar Ali Shad2, Fazal Yazdan Saleem Marwat3, Hamida Bibi4, Farhan Ahmad1, Wajia Noor5 and Bibi Sadia5

Yield and Nutritional Status of Mungbean as Influenced by Molybdenum and Phosphorus
...olybdenum and phosphorus application on productivity and nutrients status of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.). The trial was laidout in randomized complete block design having three replicates. The experimental findings revealed that all the nutritional attributes and yield were significantly influenced with molybdenum and phosphorus addition except potassium uptake by grains and straw. Higher seed yield (772.45 kg ha-1) and harvest index (26.18 %) with

Hafiz Muhammad Wasim1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz3, Abid Niaz2, Khurshid Ahmad Mufti4 and Muhammad Arif2

Deleterious Impact of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Toxicity on Chemical Properties of Soil and Ionic Composition of Rice

Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar2, Naeem Akhtar3, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2 and Muhammad Ijaz1

Techniques for Micropropagation of Olive (Olea europaea L.): A Systematic Review
... of the most significant applications of biotechnology in the field of horticulture. This technique is used for proliferation of olive (Olea europaea L.) tree which is globally cultivated for centuries and its value added products are consumed worldwide. The traditional propagation techniques of olive are uneconomical with wastage of time while micropropagation of olive may expedite the development of important characteristics like biotic and abiotic resistanc...

Hafiz Hammad Ahmad1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1*, Noor-us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Aneela Riaz4

Growth and Yield Response of Sunflower to Organic Amendments in Aridisol
...flower was observed with application of NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot-1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot-1 (T6) in cultivar Hysun-33. While, lowest value of fresh biomass (72.73 g), dry biomass (15.72 g), head size (16.63 cm), achene head-1 (711), achene yield plant-1 (18.36 g) was noted under NK + P0 (T1) treatment in Agwara-3. Among the tested sunflower cultivars, Hysun-33 showed superiority over Agwara-4.

...

Muhammad Umair Hassan1, Muhammad Aamer1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Abdul Rehman3, Talha Aslam3, Ubaid Afzal4, Bilal Ahmad Shahzad3, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub5, Faryal Ahmed1, Ma Qiaoying1, Su Qitao1 and Huang Guoqin1*

Agronomic Bio-Fortification of Wheat to Combat Zinc Deficiency in Developing Countries
...nd agronomic (fertilizer application) bio-fortification approaches are important ones to increase Zn concentration in wheat grains up to desirable levels. The genetic techniques are costly, and sustainable, however, they are long term and requires large breeding activities and resources. Conversely, agronomic techniques appear to be short term, quick and economic solution to increase the Zn contents to meet human needs. The application...
Imran Haider1, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza1*, Rashid Iqbal1, Salman Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Usman Aslam1, Muhammad Israr3, Umair Riaz4, Maliha Sarfraz5, Nasir Abbas6, Salman Haidar Abbasi7, Zafar Abbas8 and Muhammad Aamer9
 
 
... was imposed without the application of yeast and amino acid. However, yeast more effectively moderated drought effects than amino acids. Maximum spike length (15.73 cm), spike number (18.75), grains per spike number (54.50), 1000 grain weight (44.08g) seed yield (5.445 tons), sugars, proline, total phenols, amino acids, and carbohydrates were recorded in treatment in which yeast was applied @6g L-1 + drought at flowering and grain filling. It was c...
Abdul Hafeez1*, Akhtar Nawaz Khan2 and Zahid Ullah3
...nately, these biomedical applications suffer from huge amount of data. That is, the data generated by such systems is so large that a typical computer workstation cannot handle it in real-time. Traditional approaches rely on unloading raw data to off line storage and suffer from the trade-off of an insufficiently rigorous sampling rate. Furthermore, the phases leading to useful decision-making often follows pre- and post-processing in a subjective manner, whic...
Humza Sami1, Mahnoor Sagheer1, Muhammad Amir Altaf1, Javaid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Zubair1,*
 
...an be used for practical applications in biomedical imaging, especially for the detection of breast cancer at early stages. 
...
Arsalan Khan1, Aminullah Khan2, Dil Fayaz Khan2, Sajid Khan1, Anjum1, Waqar Ali3, Habib Akbar1 and Ahmad Khan1*
 
 
...eight: normal;">Nitrogen application has a significant impact on wheat crop phenology and crop stand. To optimize nitrogen sources i.e. urea, farmyard manure (FYM) and poultry manure (PM) for improving wheat phenology and crop stand, an experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Station Perdal Khel, Bannu (South part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) during 2016-17. The soil of the experimental area was Loamy sand with Haplic yermosols soil series based o...
Wenyou Huang1, Dan Yü1, Song Huang1,2, Jian Xiao2, Ping Qi2, Anhua Song2* and Zhen Huang1*
...or pest control in field applications is often hampered by negatively active abiotic factors including high temperature, desiccation and UV irradiation. Selecting isolates with high UV tolerance and virulence is important in improving the efficacy and utility of fungal insect pathogens as insect biological control agents for use under field conditions. UV-irradiation of Metarhizium lepidiotae, coupled to growth selection, second metabolites change and i...
Muneer Abbas1*, Dilbar Hussain2, Muhammad Saleem2, Abdul Ghaffar2Sohail Abbas3, Niaz Hussain1 and Abdul Ghaffar1
...rmful insecticidal spray application in order to save natural enemies and environment. Experiment was conducted in three guava, citrus and mango producing districts of Punjab i.e. Faisalabad, Sargodha, Toba Tek Singh with five treatments. Each experimental unit comprised of 1 ha area. Five treatments viz. A=sanitation, B=MAT, C= protein based baits, D= plant extracts and E= A+B+C+D were used during 2015-16. Data of % infested fallen fruits, total...
Rashid Mahmood1*, Muhammad Abu Bakar2, Muhammad Fahim Raza3, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1 and Muhammad Yahya2
...4, 48 and 72 h after all applications of the tested material through sticky cards placed at the bottom of each colony. The results showed that maximum efficacy (76.05 ± 2.28%) was observed in powdered sugar. It was followed by sulfur dust with efficacy of 53.368 ± 1.61%. In addition, we in vitro experiment, five different essential oils were evaluated against Varroa mites. Maximum mite mortality was observed in eucalyptus oil (96 ± ...
Hafiz Hammad1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Aneela Riaz3, Abid Niaz4 and Muhammad Arif4
...flower was observed with application of NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g/pot + Wheat straw at 28 g pot-1 (T6) in cultivar Hysun-33. While, the lowest value of P accumulation (89.13 mg P pot-1), P uptake efficiency (1.18) and PE ratio (605.0 g DM (g plant-1) was noted under NK + P0 (T1) treatment in Agwara-3. Among the tested sunflower cultivars, Hysun-33 showed superiority over Agwara-4.
...
Sadaqat Khan1,Saleem Ullah1* and Muhammad Sajid2
...erent levels of selenium application in irrigation water and foliar spray on physicochemical parameters of tomato hybrid Salar F1 grown in simple plastic tunnels using randomized complete block design. The data showed that plant height in centimeter, buds, flower, leaves and leaflets in numbers per plants with a range of 131.33 to 176.67 cm, 60 to 105, 41.5 to 60.0, 50.66 to 77.167 and 7.607 to 15.33, 30.33 to 82.0, respectively were significantly affected (P&...
Ahmad Abrar Khan* and Muhammad Idrees
...d Farm Yard Manure (FYM) application was also in practice by 62.9%. Apricot growers in major cases (59.1%) irrigated their crops in drought periods.In the majority of cases through wells/tube wells followed by canals, while one-third of total cases were only rain water-dependent. Further, more than 50% of the cases aphids, scale and flat-headed borer insect/pest attacks were reported on the apricot crop. Besides scab, brown rot and shot hole were reported by m...
Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1*, Nadia Mangrio1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Zia-ul-Hassan Shah2, Ghulam Sughra Mangrio3, Nihaluddin Mari4, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1 and Shazia Parveen Tunio5
 
 
...cused on hypothesis that application of suitable planting methods and NPK level play a major role in improving sugarcane yield and quality. Experiment was performed under field conditions at Sugarcane Research Institute, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan (located at 250 25.19 N 680 32.07 E) during 2016-17, repeated in 2017-18 and data was averaged. The sugarcane variety PSTJ-41 was used for this study. The experiment was laid out in spilt plot design. Main-plot consis...
Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani1,*, Sri Rahayu1, Endang Dwi Purbajanti2, Devi Dwi Siskawardani3, Karina Stankeviča4 and Roy Hendroko Setyobudi5
...rmine the effects of the application of mycorrhizae at different levels that play an essential role in increasing P elemental uptake and rhizobia inoculants to improve N element fixation and root nodule formation. Rhizobia inoculant applications were allotted to main plots and levels of mycorrhizae to the subplots under each main plot. Three types of rhizobia applications viz., soaking (A1...
Shehzadi Saima1, Maqsoda Perveen2, Muhammad Nawaz1, Khalid M. Ahmad1,* and Haider Sultan1
...it can be concluded that application of potassium by foliar spray is more effective in increasing the growth and flowering of Gladiolus than side dressing.
...

Safdar Hussain1, Muhammad Naeem Mushtaq5, Ali Bakhsh3, Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool1, Muhammad Sarwar1, Muhammad Jan4*, Muhammad Abdul Qayyum2 and Arif Husain2

...sured in terms of foliar application of plant growth regulators and plant extracts. Wheat genotypes (Triple dwarf-1, Aas-2011; Faisalabad- 2008) were exposed to critical drought stage. The plants were exposed to normal irrigation, application of bio stimulants like 2µM ABA, 10 mM SA, 15% MLE and 10% MBLE were applied at grain filling stage but skipping irrigation. Maximum growth related parameters were observed by appl...

Syed Mazuan, Syed Mohamed, Insyirah Ishak, Dzolkhifli Omar and Norhayu Asib*

...main focus on mistblower application towards bagworms. Stihl SR420 mistblower was characterised by having 1.2L / min flow rate, produced volume median diameter of 80μm, and achieved spraying productivity of 2.58 hectares’ land size (approximately 350 oil palms) per man day. The study was to evaluate the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole (Altacor® 34.9WG), Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (DiPel® ES), cypermethrin (Hextar Cyper 5.5EC), flubendiami...

Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1*, Muhammad Aslam Panhwar1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio1, Muhammad Saleem Sarki1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi1, and Niaz Ahmed Wahocho2

...recognized and hence its application in crop husbandry is essentially required. In a field experiment, the impact of foliar Zn fertilization was quantified on growth, yield, and Zn concentration in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Silder) at Nasarpur, Sindh, Pakistan during 2015-16. The foliar rates comprised of 33, 66, and 99 mg Zn L-1 (equivalent to 100, 200 and 300 mg ZnSO4 L-1) and distilled water (control treatment) and sprayed to strawberry plants bef...

Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Qasim Raza1*, Awais Riaz1, Misbah Hanif2, Wajiha Saeed2, Shawaiz Iqbal1, Tahir Hussain Awan1, Syed Sultan Ali1 and Muhammad Sabar1

...2–4 days of stress applications. Under medium to high osmotic stress levels, mean germination time, germination index and seed vigour index (SVI) of SA primed seeds were better than non-primed seeds. Remarkably, SVI of all SA concentrations under -0.2 MPa osmotic stress was surprisingly improved as compared with control and other osmotic stress levels, indicating a ‘drought-escape strategy’ in rice seeds under low osmotic stress level. Overal...

Muhammad Junaid*, Musharaf Ahmad and Saifullah

... was concluded, that the application of green manure compost (used in 1% and 5% V/V concentration) to the soil, suppress the disease more and produced more yield than FYM-treated plants, however, the higher concentration i.e., 10% soil amendments had negative effect. 

...

Imran Ullah Khan*, Noor Ul Amin, Sayyed Hamad Ahmad Shah, Maqsood Khan, Shehzad Ahmad and Syed Aizaz Ali Shah

...owed better results upon application to Zinnia and hence it is suggested for best production.

...

Muhammad Yousif Jakhrai1, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio2, Ali Mujtaba Shah1*, Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon1

...ia and also its clinical application was studied. The most commonly anesthetic agents injected to produce high epidural analgesia in ovine and caprine species were 2% lidocaine and xylazine were included in this study. This study showed that administration of xylazine in high epidural anesthesia produce a significant analgesic and sedative effect for laparotomy (peritoneal) surgical interventions in ovine and caprine species as compared to lidocaine. 

Umar Farooq1, Muhammad Akmal1, Qadeer Ahmad2, Zahid Akram2, Adnan Arshad3, Huma Qamar4*, Hafeez Ullah5, Muhammad Zubair4 and Muhammad Rizwan Khurshid4

Muhammad Adnan Islam1*, Zia-Ul-Haq2, Rana Shahzad Noor2, Matiullah Khan4, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Zulfiqar Ali3, Asif Ali Mirani3, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Muzammil Husain1 and Badar Munir Khan Niazi1

...ful method of fertilizer application as only 15-20% of applied phosphate is utilized by the crop. To overcome the problems of phosphorus fixation, fertilizer band placement drill (FBPD) for wheat had been developed and its performance was evaluated at farmer’s fields. This drill places DAP fertilizer near the seed that is about 5 cm away and 5 cm deeper than the seed due to which phosphorus use efficiency has increased. Experiments conducted at farmer&rs...
Mohammed  Akinlabi Rufai1*, Abideen Akinkunmi Wahab2, Kamil Ayo Fasasi1, Quadri Olusegun Adeshina1 and Mary Tolulope Awotidebe1
...riophora and duration of application. Statistical analysis conducted using analysis of variance indicated that there was no significant difference in the overall biocidal activities of H. bacteriophora at 5% confidence limit (F>0.05). Statistical test conducted on the data also supports the reliability of the data with a correlation coefficient of 0.85<R2<1.

...
Md. Alal Hossen1, Mohammad Amzad Hossain1*, A.K.M. Munzurul Hasan1,2, Bipresh Das1, Sohel Mian1, Mohammed Mahbub Iqbal1
 
...sent study revealed that application of S-GnRHa hormone at dose of 0.5 ml kg-1 body weight of female could be efficacious for production of M. gulio seed in freshwater successfully.
 
Novelty Statement | This research work is very first approach to breed Mystus gulio by using S-GnRHa in freshwater environment and to observe their early development stages.
...
Muhammad Afnan Rabbi, Iqtidar Hussain*, Ejaz Ahmed, Muhammad Saad and Aitezaz Ali Asad Shahani
...combination of exogenous application of naphthalene acetic acid levels in late sown wheat in agro climatic conditions of Dera Ismail Khan, KP., Pakistan. Data registered on agronomic parameters i.e. plant height (cm), spike weight (g), spike length (cm), number of tillers, weight of 1000 grains (g), number of grains spike-1, biological yield (kg ha-1), yield of grain (kg ha-1), yield of straw (kg ha-1), productivity score and harvest index were significant in ...

Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar*, Sania Waliat, Shafaat Yar Khan, Naila Amjad

...te that suggest cautious application of these pesticides for the control of M. domestica. 
 
Novelty Statement | The resistance status of Musca domestica against selected insecticides has been first time studied from Bhalwal, Punjab, Pakistan
...

Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Abdul Moeez1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Aneela Riaz3

...oil. Results showed that application of Si reduced the adverse impact of salinity and significantly enhanced the nutrients status of wheat plant. Under normal soil conditions, sodium (Na) concentration (5.63 mg/g), potassium (K) concentration (9.20 mg/g), Na/K ratio (1.60 mg/g), relative water contents (56.49%) and total chlorophyll contents (2.74 mg/g) were observed when maximum concentration of Si was applied i.e. 100 µg Si/g and least was recorded whe...

Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Abdul Moeez1, Humaira Ramzan1, Mudassar Hafeez1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Aneela Riaz3, Sher Muhammad4 and Muhammad Latif4

...oil. Results showed that application of Si reduced the adverse impact of salinity and significantly enhanced the growth of rice plant. Maximum height of rice plant (106 cm), fertile tillers number per spike (6), 1000-grain weight (21.76 g), shoot fresh biomass (25.62 g) and shoot dry matter (12.86 g) were found under saline environment when maximum concentration of Si was applied i.e. 100 µg Si/g and least values were obtained when no Si was applied. Thu...

Qudsia Nazir1, Muhammad Aftab1*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Aneela Riaz3, Sarfraz Hussain1, Ifra Saleem1, Amina Kalsom1, Noor-Us-Sabah2, Mukkram Ali Tahir2, Ateeq-ur-Rehman4 and Muhammad Arif1

...so enhanced with optimum application of Zn. By keeping in mind, the facts, it was hypothesized that the use of ZnO (a cheap source of Zn) impregnated urea for rice may enhance grains (paddy) yield. Three types of urea were prepared including Zn coated, bio-activated Zn coated and Zn blended urea at the 1.5% rate of formulate. The bio-activated Zn coated urea was prepared by inoculating the powdered organic material with Zinc solubilizing bacterium and then thi...

Alim-un-Nisa1*, Sajila Hina1, Imran Kalim1, Mohammad Khalid Saeed1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Naseem Zahra1, Sania Mazhar1, Shahid Masood1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Qurat-ul-Ain Syed1 and Rabia Shad2

Mohammad Tariq Aziz* and Ayesha Khan

... farming experience with application of information obtained while non-significant association existed with educational level. The study recommends that extension agents should create awareness and educate farmers on the use of modern ICT tools to obtain timely and relevant information to speed up adoption of innovations.

...

Habiba ur Rehman, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar and Waqas Raza

...tment, respectively. The application of Success @ 6mM was also good but lowers than the Nativo. The poor performance and maximum disease incidence and disease severity were recorded from the controlled pots. Among all the treatments the application of Nativo @ 6 mM had given maximum control of charcoal rot. So, it suggested that the application of Nativo @ 6 mM may be best for the control ...

Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Sana Majeed1, Muhammad Arshad1, Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Luqman2, Asad Abdullah1 and Muhammad Afzal3

... comparable to the alone application of emamectin benzoate in terms of reduced digestibility and survival of S. litura. Overall, 42.7% relative consumption rate (RCR), 74.3% efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), 72.3% efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), 87.5% relative growth rate (RGR), 11.04% approximate digestibility (AD), and 47.6% assimilation rate (AR) were reduced after application of a mixture ...

Fazal Subhan1,2, Abdul Malik1, Zia Ul Haq1 and Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,3*

...nder CFI with 100% water application. Among the three furrow irrigation systems, AFI gave the highest WUE, while minimum WUE was associated with CFI. It can be concluded from this research study that AFI with full irrigation is the best method as compared to other furrow irrigation techniques to enhance WUE and to save water without a significant reduction in the yield of cauliflower.

...

Sajid Ali, Shahen Shah* and Muhammad Arif

...owth stages (i.e. foliar application of full dosage at the tillering stage, full dosage at the booting stage and their respective half dosages at the tillering stage + half at the booting stage) along with one unsprayed check were used in the experiment. All the treatments’ combinations and a control {(4 x 4 x 3) +1} were laid out in a randomized complete block design having three replications. The plot size was 12 m2 accommodating ten rows. The recommen...
Assefa Tessema Tecklie1*, Abebe Getahun Gubale1, Seyoum Mengistou Yilma1, Tadesse Fetahi Hailu1 and Eshete Dejen Diresilign2
...d be implemented through application of community-based fishery management system.
...

Muhammad Sarfraz1*, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi4, Abdul Rasool Naseem1, Sarfraz Hussain1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1 and Muhammad Rizwan1

...and wheat trailed by the application of saline water with GR of soil and irrigation water. Soil analysis at harvest showed that soil was improved with canal water with GR of soil trailed by saline water with GR of soil and irrigation water. The least variations in soil pH, EC and SAR were observed in control where nothing was applied. Comprehensive studies in different ecological zones with salt affected soils with variety of saline water may be grown to confe...

Muhammad Usman Aslam1, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Rizwan Maqbool1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha2*, Fiaz Hussan3, Muhammad Nawaz4, Muhammad Shakeel Hanif5, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub6, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Mina Khan7 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

...nd crop yield. Likewise, application of right nitrogen (N) source also plays an imperative role to increase the crop production and decrease N losses. Therefore, this investigation was aimed at to determine the effect of various N sources and organic mulches on productivity of wheat grown in semi-arid area. The experiment was comprised of different organic mulches, i.e. M1 = no mulch (control), M2 = maize straw mulch (5 t ha-1), M3 = wheat straw mulch (5 t ha-...

Sami Ul Haq1, Abid Hussain1*, Umair Riaz2, Muhammad Baqir Hussain1, Adnan Fareed1, Nabeel Ahmad Ikram3 and Fahim Nawaz3

...valuate the effects of S application, alone or in combination with Compost containing sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), on the yield and growth of sunflower. Sulfur was applied as individual treatments (25, 50, 75 kg ha-1) and in combination with Compost (750 kg ha-1). The results showed a considerable increase in plant height (67.60%), chlorophyll b content (92.10%), stomatal conductance (158%) as well as shoot P content (50.25%) that ultimately increased the ...

Nelson D. Zambrano1, Wilber Arteaga1, José Velasquez2 and Dorys T. Chirinos1*

... with frequent pesticide applications. Research was conducted to evaluate the effect of lambda cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam on the incidence of insect pests and its associated natural enemies. Results revealed that populations of B. tabaci were higher in plots treated with lambda cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam associated with low levels of parasitism. Further, A. gossypii were high and their parasitism low, in both treated and untreated plots. Individuals of T. palm...

Samah A. Mokbel, Soad H. Taha, Mahmoud M. Abd-El Hamid, Ali H. Hamed

...esults demonstrated that application of 1000 mg/L lactoferrin by spraying or combined with tissue culture proved to be an effective method for PVX-inhibition as compared with other concentrations. Also, results of antiviral activity of lactoferrin at concentration 1000 mg/L showed great potential as phytotherapeutic source to produce quality and health plantlets for rapid and large scale in vitro production.

...

Arshad Abdulkhalq Yaseen1,2* and Mária Takácsné Hájos1

...plant variety and foliar application with MLE.

...

Naglaa F.S. Awad1, Gamelat K.F. Kotb2

...div>
to inadequate application of vaccine and not due to vaccine mismatch. We recommend broad
application of currently applied vaccine should include both young and adult rabbits.
...
Nagwa K. Meselhy1, Mohamed A. Abo El-khair1, Basem M. Ahmed2, Sherif A. El-Soally3,
Abdelhamid M. Fares1, Mohamed A. Nayel1 and Hussein A. Hussein2
...tly infected horses. The application of this nested PCR is considered to be a rapid
diagnostic tool for use in veterinary laboratories. Thus it will enhance the detection and
characterization of the circulating EHV-1 in Egypt. Control strategy for EHV-1 viruses in vaccinated
and non-vaccinated animals needs to be addressed.
...

Ayman S. El-Habbaa1 and Mervat E. Radwan2

...ld
guide the application of efficient control strategies of BEF virus in Egypt.
...

Tahsin S. Shoala1, Ahmed K. El-Attar2, Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud3

...div>Conclusion: In-Vitro application of Glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt and curcumin at higher
concentrations suppressed or decreased PLRV compared to low concentrations and control.
...
Hadeer M. Mossa, Ausama A. Yousif, Emad A. Aboelsoud, Mahmoud El Gamal, Ahmed El-
Sanousi
...t suitable for real-time applications, the release of the long read
sequencer MinION has thus generated much excitement by producing a high microbial diversity in
biological samples that was limited by using second generation sequencing as Illumina . DNA
concentration and sequencing had been performed in demands for faster and more accurate methods to
analyze, characterize and qualify the virus as a seed for futu...

Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1*, Samra Ammara1, Muhammad Sikander Hayyat1, Shahbaz Hussain2, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid1, Abdul Rehman1 and Amjed Ali1

...g its full and minimized application rates on Rhynchosia capitata (Roth.) DC in green gram alone and in tank mixed addition of adjuvant (alkyl ether sulfate) at Research Area, University of Sargodha during spring 2015. The studies consisted of seven herbicide treatments, viz. lactofen complete dose (180 g a.i. ha-1) alone, lactofen complete dose + adjuvant, lactofen 80% dose alone, lactofen 80% dose + adjuvant, lactofen 60% dose alone, lactofen 60% dose + adju...

Aliya Munir1, Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Tanveer Ahmed3 and Zahid Farooq2

...ext-align: justify;">The application of pesticides has been increased in agriculture to improve crop production all over the world. This may leads to existence of pesticides and their metabolites in freshwater bodies. Pesticides can trigger stress in organisms by increasing the number of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress biomarkers like antioxidants enzymes have been successfully used in ecotoxicology field for evaluating the stress response of organis...
Bingjie Zhou1, Hitesh Bhagavanbhai Mangukiya1, Siva Bharath Merugu1, Fakhar-un-Nisa Yunus1, Yuchen Fan1, Zhenghua Wu1,* and Dawei Li1,2,*
...orescence. The potential application of his-AGR2-DsRed was demonstrated by its internalization in fibroblasts. Therefore, the purified recombinant fluorescent protein would be a very useful tool for further investigation of AGR2’s extracellular function and molecular mechanism.
...
Hassan Shahzad Khan1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Asim Gulzar1
...ub> values after 72 h of application followed by garlic against the 3rd instar A. albopictus larvae. In case of green synthesized silver nanoparticles, the minimum LC50 values after 72 h were recorded with neem, bakain and garlic while the values were maximum in the case of clove, bitter gourd and datura. Similar trend of LC50 values was observed in case of 4th instar larvae. The LC50 values decreas...

Haroon Ur Rashid1*, Nazia Tahir2, Muhammad Zamin3, Naveed Shehzad4, Aman Ullah2, Bibi Zainub5 and Farooq Azam6

...ced than atrazine foliar application @ 0.50 kg a.i ha-1 and allelopathic plants water extracts combined with atrazine @ 0.125 kg a.i ha-1. Data obtained for the interaction effect (tillage x weed control treatments) showed that maximum stover yield of 12426 kg.ha-1 was recorded in sorghum +sunflower + parthenium (S.M) each @ 6 Mg ha-1 at 3-4 leaf stage of maize under conventional tillage regime. Hence it could be considered as an alternative to atrazine @ 0.50...

Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Shoaib Akhtar1, Inam Ul Haq2, Muhammad Ramzan Anser1 and Iqra Yasmin1 

... of trend for fertilizer application to Olive orchards in a proper dose. Olive intensification for new orchard enhanced fertilizer use especially Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) and in micronutrients especially Boron (B) to control alternate bearing of olive. In Pakistan, olive plantation is an initiative to minimize the Olive import, and to maximize olive plantation in Pothwar area as well as control climate change. There is no trend for fertil...
Syed Azmat Ali Shah1*, Asfandyar Ahmed2, Khan Shahzada3, Syed Muhammad Ali4, Akhtar Naeem Khan5 and Akhter Gul6
...y is presented under the application of lateral loads. Two frames made of reinforced concrete, bare frame and masonry infilled frame, were subjected to displacement controlled lateral loading. Experimental tests and numerical modeling were performed, and the results compared show a good relationship. The analysis results match very well with the experimental observations. For numerical modeling of the infill wall, a modified micro-modelling approach is selecte...

Izaz Hussain, Ahmad Khan* and Habib Akbar 

...tion. However, the bulky application of FYM and slow decomposition limits its widespread application by farmers as a source of nutrients. With the objectives of improving soil mineral N availability and its impact on maize growth, two years field experiments were conducted at the University of Agriculture Peshawar in 2017 and 2018. The experiment included three factors i.e. beneficial microbe (BM: 25 and 50 L ha-1) as effect...

Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Afzal2

...t study showed that soil application of imidacloprid gave a significant control compared to other insecticides. The lowest population of both ACP adults (1.80/plant) and nymphs (10.4/plant) was observed after exposure to imidacloprid than the rest of the chemicals. Similarly, CLM larval population was also observed lower (1.13/plant) when imidacloprid was applied. The least affected chemical was spirotetramat, as the population of both pests was recorded highe...
Hui-Ming Li1, Bi-Ze Yang1, Xue-Jun Jin1,2, Lin-Miao Li1, Hai-Ying Jiang1
Xiu-Juan Zhang1 and Jin-Ping Chen1*
...hat it has a significant application in selective breeding in endangered and valuable mammalian species.
...

Jo Ik-Hwan1, Choi Kwang-Won1, Muhammad Yaqoob2 and Muhammad Fiaz3*

...cows even without manure application, whereas 50 kg N/ha manure could be needed for optimal DM and TDN yield. It was concluded that optimum forage productivity could be achieved by application of 50 kg N/ha from animal manure and mixed sowing of triticale with hairy vetch or winter pea.

...
Arsalan Khan1*, Navid Anjum2, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Shakeeb Ullah3
Ali Zaman3, Kamran Safdar3, Khalid Muhammad3, Ambrina Tariq4
Muhammad Inam Malik3, Muhammad Kamal Shah3, Atiq ur Rehman3 
and Hamza Maris3
...ct of hard ticks and its application as a vaccine against hard ticks of the cattle. For this purpose, ticks were collected from cattle and crude extract of ticks was prepared using standard procedures i.e. mixed with formalin, antibiotic and vegetable oil to prepare the vaccine. This vaccine was administered thrice (at weekly interval) in 15 cattle @ 1ml/50 Kg of the body weight of each animal accordingly. Fifteen cohort cattle of different age groups s...

Muhammad Aftab1*, Aneela Riaz2, Ghulam Sarwar3, Muhammad Arif1, Qudsia Nazir1, Ifra Saleem1, Sarfraz Hussain1, Abid Ali4, Abid Niaz1, Fakhar Mujeeb4, Khalid Mahmood5 and Sarfraz Nawaz6

...rameters improved by the application of K. But the toxicity of salinity-boron badly affects the yield and growth parameters in stresses conditions.
...

Ayesha Gul1, Mohammad Sayyar Khan1*, Mazhar Ullah1 and Iqbal Munir3

... after 60 days of stress application. PEG stress showed a significant increase in proline content. Control calli showed less amount of proline content i.e. 1.34 µMg-¹ and 1.4 µMg-¹ while 7.5% PEG had high amount of proline i.e. 4.2 µMg-¹ and 7 µMg-¹ after 30 and 60 days, respectively. In case of sugar, a significant increase was observed when calli were exposed to PEG stress. Control calli had less sugar content (1.3...

Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Iram Liaqat*, Junaid Nadeem, Hammad Aamir and Shaukat Ali

...Our study used direction application and disk diffusion method to investigate the antibacterial potential of Neoscona mukherji and N. theisi egg and web silk. For disk diffusion method, silk was first degummed to form degummed silk solution’ (DgS), then the degummed silk was dissolved to form the dissolved silk solution (DSS). The DgS and DSS solutions were tested against selected common pathogenic bacteria (Esherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium SJW110...
Nagarathinam Arunkumar*, Jainullabudeen Gulsar Banu, Nagarajan Gopalakrishnan and Arkalgud Hiriyannaiah Prakash

 

...atty acids. The numerous applications of lipases in chemical, food, pharmaceutical, biotechnological, detergents and surfactants, and agricultural industries and in waste treatment plants proved their importance. In this study, 23 wax-degrading bacterial strains isolated from four mealybug species infesting cotton were screened for lipase production. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, lipase-positive strains were classified into six genera, namely, <...
Azhar Abbas Khan*, Humaira Kanwal, Sumair Batool, Zeshan Hassan, Jawad Munawar Shah, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif, Ahmad Nawaz, Hasan Taha and Yasir Ishfaq
...rboth years at the first application as compared to other treatments through 9 days after treatment. The second application of treatments also showed minimal differences from first application and again plots treated with Radiant® showed the best reduction in thrips population for both years. Generally, Radiant® found friendly toward predators as compared to o...

Mukhtar Iderawumi Abdulraheem1*, Muhammad Ihtisham2*, Abiodun Yusuff Moshood3, Nawab Khan4, Muhammad Owais Shahid5, Shafiq Hussain6, Kumail Abbas6 and Fawad Zaman7

...of fertilizers/chemicals application and produce promising yields within a short period. However, several elements along with pathogens, pests, and very importantly viral diseases, restrict the belief of these intended goals. The current experiment assessed the effects of mulching materials and weeding regimes on the severity and incidence of not unusual viral diseases on okra without fertilizers/chemicals application. The t...

Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza1, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2, Aftab Khan3, Hamdullah1 and Syed Attaullah Shah1

... justify;">Inputs’ application in production process determine the level of output in agriculture. This study therefore attempted to investigate determinants of rice yield in central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A random sample of 275 rice growers was selected from district Swabi, using a multi-stage random sampling procedure. Pre-tested interview schedule was used for collection of data from rice growers. Through Cobb-Douglas type production function (...

Theophilus Miebi Gbigbi* and Rodney Akpoviri Isiorhovoja

... were inefficient in the application of productive resources and recommends capacity building on resource use for farmers. We recommend that credit facilities and specific training opportunities on resource use be extended to farmers to enhance their exotic chicken production efficiency.

...

Kirshan Chand1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro3, Sohail Ahmed Otho1 and Jamal-U-Din Hajano4

... dosage, calibration and application timing) but one factor that doesn’t get much attention is the quality of the water used to spray the product which may reflect in the success of spray operation. To know the influence of water quality on pesticide performance, this study was proposed to evaluate the water sources used for mixing the insecticides prior to application. For this purpose, two districts of lower Sindh pr...

Tajnees Pirzada1*, Weenghar Ali Chandio1, Mansoor Ali Kalhoro2, Mir Munsif Ali Talpur1, Waheed Ali Mirbahar1, Abdul Ghafar Solangi1, Zulfiquar Ali Jumani1 and Rehana Kerio1

Mohammed Abdel-Mageed Abdel-Aziz Abdel-Mageed1, Eman Alsayed Hammad2*, Nashaat Abdel-Aziz Mahmoud1 and Anas Farag El-Mesalamy1

...cording to the method of applications and the type of materials. Adding the extract with the chelating nutrients improved the properties of the plant, but adding the extract as doses to the soil reduced the numbers of nematodes better than other methods of application.

...

Christopher Oche Eche1*, Juliana Iye Oluwatayo1, Demben Moses Esang2, Paul Madina2 and Alexander Uloko1

...ions consisted of single applications of sawdust and eucalyptus biochar, and mixed formulations of sawdust + eucalyptus biochar applied in powder forms at the rates of 0 t/ha, 2.5 t/ha and 5 t/ha. Nematode and yield data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at 5% level of probability. Results showed that use of 2.5 t/ha and 5 t/ha of sawdust mixed with eucalyptus biochar re...

Riaz Alam1*, Muhammad Sajid2 and Durri Shahwar3

...ough air-layering by the application of IBA in various concentrations, produced early rooting (36.00 days), high rooting percentage (77.47%), maximum number of roots (6.38) per layering, root length (7.03 cm), root weight (2.62 g) and more number of re-sprouts (5.57), followed by number of days to root appearance (38.80), rooting percentage (65.73%), number of roots (5.69) and root length (6.14 cm) produced by the saplings of cultivar Frontoio. The layering tr...

Muhammad Usman Hanif, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Irfan Ullah

...ay of exposure. Combined application of both these effective treatments enhanced their toxicity to E. vigintioctopunctata and caused 88.9 and 77.6% cumulative mortality of grubs and adults, respectively. Based on overall study results, the combined application of spinosad and A. indica extract is recommended to local vegetable growers for effective integrated management of E. vigintioctopunctata and other foliage-feeding bee...

Ayesha Khan1*, Asmatullah2, Urooba Perviaz1, Khalid Nawab1 and Mahmood Iqbal1

...fficacy of EM-Technology application through fermenter on fertilizers usage and irrigation of selected crops. Organic farming is the dire need of the day; to overcome the excessive use of chemical fertilizers alternative methods are adopted to decrease use of fertilizers. One of the techniques for organic farming is EM-Technology. EM-Technology is used in addition with animal manure and other organic wastes effectively in agriculture. The universe of the study...
Farah Deeba1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Muhammad Irfan2, Muhammad Khan1 and Javed Iqbal Qazi1*
...ial and biotechnological applications. Twenty strains were isolated on chitinase producing medium (CPM) from soil samples collected from local termites’ influenced areas. Of all these, three isolates gave positive test for chitinase screened on the bases of clear zone on CPM following chitinase assay. The best chitinase producer was selected and identified as Bacillus subtilis employing 16S rRNA gene sequence identification technique. B. subtil...

Sanjeela Sabahat1*, Juliya Abbasi2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Saima Mumtaz1, Taj Naseeb Khan1, Sudheer Tariq1 and Muhammad Imran1

...e have tested the foliar application of four micronutrients, iron, zinc, copper and boron, at different concentrations under tunnel conditions on strawberry cv. Chandler at Horticultural Research Institute (HRI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three blocks. Our study showed that the 0.2% ZnSO4 and 0.4 % FeSO4 showed maximum mean values for fruit weight (18.22 g), f...
Nacira Djabali1*, Souad Dougat2, Wahida Haddadi2 and Lamis Fadhli2
...r industrial or domestic applications. Their toxic effects on the reproduction and development of mammals have been well studied. This family presents important structural differences leading to various behaviors in terms of their metabolism and their toxic effects. This work aims to study the impact of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) on the gonadotropic axis and semen biology in the rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus. Thirty adult male rabbits were ...

Zahoor Hussain1,2, Yasir Iftikhar3, Mustansar Mubeen3, Muhammad Zia Saleem3, Muhammad Umer Naseer3, Muhammad Luqman4, Raheel Anwar5, Faheem Khadija6 and Aqleem Abbas7

...ctively minimized by the application of micronutrients which play an essential role in increasing the vigour of citrus against the disease. In the present study, typical symptoms of citrus greening, such as mottled leaves, were observed on the infected trees. The infected fruits were undeveloped and partially or entirely failed in attaining natural orange fruit colour. Moreover, the iodo-starch tests revealed that the color of HLB-positive leaves was dark grey...

Prima Mei Widiyanti1*, Mirnawati B Sudarwanto2, Etih Sudarnika2, Raphaella Widiastuti1 

...s on animal products and application of hazard analysis and a critical control point (HACCP) in the food industry.

Keywords | Antibiotic, Enrofloxacin, Heating, HPLC, Milk 

...

Imran Ali Chandio1, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1*, Qamaruddin Jogi1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2 and Siraj Ahmed Channa3

...ify;">Fertigation is the application of dissolved fertilizer especially nitrogen through irrigation for correcting nutrient deficiencies of plants. A field study was conducted in Tandojam for two consecutive years in autumn 2018 and 2019. The experiment was replicated thrice in randomized complete block design. Different doses of nitrogen as broadcasting and fertigation (0, 75, 100, 125 kg N ha-1 in two and three equal splits given at sowing time, 1st, 2nd and...

Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro1*, Nadeem Sadiq1, Javed Ahmed Abro1, Amanullah1, Fateh Muhammad2, Maqbool Ahmed3, Syed Ishtiaq Ahmed Shah3 and Qasid Hussain4

...t of organic and mineral application of fertilizers on the growth and development of Olive (Olea europaea) saplings as well as to determine the soil physiochemical properties. One-year old Olive plants were applied with organic and inorganic mineral fertilizer application for six months. The results showed that in comparison to control, plants fertilized with T2 (N 50g/plant), T3 (P 25g/plant), T4 (K 25g/plant), T5 (NPK 50:2...

Yan Jiang1,2, Xia Tao3,4 and Hongxia Chen5,6*

...;0.05). To conclude, the application of rituximab-assisted prednisone and cyclophosphamide in the treatment of IMN can improve serum nephrin and BAFF levels, reduce clinical symptoms, improve renal function and curative effect, and reduce recurrence rate, and is safe.

...
Amjad Ali1, Muhammad Amir2*, Bilal Ur Rehman2, Zafar Khan3 and Abid Munir1
 
...l manner followed by the application of various encryption algorithms for ensuring protection of such biometric data. In fingerprinting, image processing techniques include: low-quality-fingerprint enhancement, normalization, binarization and thinning of fingerprint image followed by feature extraction. In this paper, a novel encryption method for minutiae based low-quality-fingerprint framework is proposed. The proposed encryption algorithm works through addi...

Xiaoli Cai1,2, Saeed Ahmed3, Zhixin Lei1,*, Jianping Wu1,* and Taolei Sun1,2,*

Hera Gul Mohmmand1, Rozina Gul1, Hamayoon Khan2, Sheraz Ahmed1*, Laila Fayyaz1, Ajmalud Din1 and Imtiaz Ali1

...portance; therefore, its application is considered to maximize the yield of various crops, including chickpea. The current experiment was performed to assess the impact of phosphorus application on yield of 15 chickpea genotypes during the growing season of 2017-18 at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications under two treatments. One treatment was a control ...

Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Muhammad Umar1, Amir Manzoor1, Obaidullah Shafique1, Bashir Ahmad Khan2 and Ijaz Ahmed3

...e used as once and twice application, i.e., Buctril Super (Bromoxinil 30% with MCPA 30% w/v), Ally Max (Metsulfuron Methyl 14.3% w/w with Tribenuron Methyl 14.3% w/w), Starane M (Fluroxypyre 10% with MCPA 40% w/w) and Clean wave (Aminopyralid 1% with Fluroxypyre14% w/w) at recommended doses. A weedy check and a weed free plot were also kept for comparison. Results showed that in comparison to control plot (weedy check), there was 73.41% increase in the grain y...

Raheela Naz1*, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Ana Aslam1, Qudsia Nazir1, Asifa Naz3, Abid Niaz4, Farah Rasheed1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Sadia Sultana1, Ifra Saleem1, Arfan ul Haq1, Muhammad Arif1, Aamer Sattar1, Sarfraz Hussain5 and Muhammad Adnan Rafique6

...nd method of fertilizers application are the most important factors. Some growth stages are very sensitive, at those stages of growth; the addition of fertilizers is more responsive than others. In order to nutrients to become available when the plant needs them and to make maximum benefits, fertilizers should be applied at the right time. In this experiment, impact of fertilizer applying methods for nitrogen and potash at different times was investigated on w...

Chukwudi Njoku1*, Inyang Etim-Inyang2, Prince-Charles Itu1 and Arinze Uzoezie1

...aculture farmers and the application of geospatial tools and findings for real-world decision making in Nigeria’s aquaculture and agriculture sector.
...

Saydat Saad1, Doaa Abdel-Fattah1, Tarek Khamis2, Aya El-Sobky1* 

... current research on the application of nanotechnology in animal health and human health utilizing animal models, as well as the usefulness of nanotechnology on natural supplements like propolis used in animal nutrition and health.

Keywords | Nanotechnology, Nano-Propolis, Animal production and health, Natural products 

...

Junaid Ahmad1*, Shazma Anwar1, Anwar Ali Shad2, Sher Shah Souri1, Bibi Amina3, Wajia Noor4, Abidullah1 and Muhammad Adil1

..., 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) application on performance of mungbean. The trial was presented in randomized complete block design having three replicates. For molybdenum and phosphorus source, sodium molybdate and single super phosphate was used. The findings of trial indicated that molybdenum applied with 1.5 kg ha-1 to mungbean crop significantly improved pods plant-1 (29), seeds pod-1 (11), thousand seeds mass (38 g), biological and grain production (2960 and 77...

Amir Z. Allam, Hayam A. Mansour, Nermeen M.L. Malak, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem* 

... preservatives. However, applications of EOs in food have been hampered by their pungent odor, which has a negative impact on customer acceptance. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of using low concentration (0.002%) of thyme (T), oregano (O), clove (CL), and their combination (TO, TCL, OCL, and TOCL) on the bacterial quality of chicken meat patties during frozen storage at –18 °C for 12 weeks by enumeration of aerobic pla...

Omer Eyuboglu

... economic activities and applications. The transportation of NIS causes a decline in fish industries, spoilage of culture fishing stocks, rising production costs, adverse effects on human health and changes in biological diversity. The most prominent alien species in Turkish Black Sea waters are  species invasions which are witnessed in the Black Sea. The Black Sea, which has incurred significant losses in biodiversity due to the increasing eutrophication...

Hong Liu and Rui Xu*

...e was to investigate the application value of three-dimensional color power angiography (3D-CPA) in detecting fetal renal blood perfusion in pregnant women with gestational hypertension. One-hundred single-fetal pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertension in our hospital from June 2017 to December 2019 were enrolled in the study. They were divided into mild prehypertension group (50 cases) and severe prehypertension group (50 cases). Another 50 case...

Nan Jiang, Tong Liu, Jimin Liu and Guobin Tang*

... worthy of promotion and application.

...
Alshimaa A. Hassanien1*, Asmaa Osama Tolba2, Asmaa A. A. Hussein3, Walaa M. Elsherif4
...her studies for the best application methods.
 
Keywords | S. aureus, Meat products, Food handlers, 23S rRNA sequencing, Casein, α-lactalbumin
...

Zulu Blantina Fangele, Tyasi Thobela Louis, Gunya Busisiwe* 

...al owing to its numerous applications to chickens. This article critically reviews a detailed understanding of the description, advantages and limitations of using citric acid on indigenous chicken. Several studies have been conducted on the nutritional requirements of local chickens, but the results were inconclusive and contradictory. This review concludes that indigenous chickens play a significant role in improving livelihoods, and strategies to preserve a...

Noor-us-Sabah1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Luqman2, Amir Aziz1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Muhammad Aftab3

...iculture. Phosphorus (P) application (like other essential nutrients) is compulsory for getting higher yield. But availability of P is compromised in those soils having high pH and high calcium content. As at higher pH, conversion of P to plant unavailable forms take place. Chemical P fertilizers are needed to be applied at higher rate to fulfill crop demand. Farmers are unable to apply adequate levels of fertilizers due to poor economy and unavailability of f...

Evrim Sönmez

...ing from beans after the application are limited. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of Beauveria bassiana (Nostalgist BL®) on the mortality rates of A. obtectus adults, the number of eggs they lay and the number and percentages of adults emerging from bean seeds were evaluated with dipping and spraying method. It was found that as the concentration of B. bassiana, which was applied at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% increased, th...

Doaa Khairy1, Mohamed Ali Osman2 and Fatma Abdel Mohsen Mostafa1*

...an did single ones. Dual application of neem leaf extracts and canola parts extracts exhibited detectable augmentation in plant biomass better than other treatments. However, triple application of canola, moringa and neem leaf extracts (41.0%) surpassed all treatments and improved tomato length. All treatments significantly (P<0.05) suppressed nematode population, root galling and number of egg masses. The highest nematic...

Muhammad Tahir Jan1,2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3,*, Muhammad Binyameen1,* and Sarfraz Ali Shad1

...-0.4% in MB even with 10 applications in both the genotypes. The critical tolerance period for the long duration genotype CIM 496 was the last week of August and for short duration genotype CIM-506 was the second week of August. Similarly losses compensation was 4.5 and 9.1% higher in long duration genotypes as compared to short duration genotype in 1%TL and TL2, respectively. It was concluded that E. vittella can cause 22-24% fruiting losses if the pest is no...

Abida Shehzadi*, Muhammad Shafique and Ahmad Ali Shahid

...t importance in forensic applications, population studies and in strengthening the Y-STR database.

...

Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan3 and Asif Nawaz3*

... The study revealed that application of mobile phones decreased the communication gap (88%) between the farmers and agricultural extension department. The agricultural advisory services provided through mobile phones have improved the knowledge level of farmers in crop varieties selection (84%), sowing time (79%), land preparation (82%), fertilizer application (83%), pesticides/insecticides applicati...
Yunilas Yunilas1*, Nurzainah Ginting1, Tri Hesti Wahyuni1, Muhammad Zahoor2, Nelzi Fati3 and 
Ahmad Wahyudi4
...feed is not optimal. The application of silage feed technology using local microorganism additives is expected to improve the physical quality of silage feed. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding local microorganisms (MOL) and fermentation time on the physical quality of corn straw silage. This study used a completely randomized design, factorial 3 × 3 with three replications. Factor I was various doses of MOL (1 %, 3 %, 5 %), and Factor II...

Eman Alsayed Hammad and Atef Mohamed El-Sagheer

...er field conditions, the application of Chitosan achieved the greatest reduction percentage (82.2%), followed by Marjoram emulsion oil (71.2%), compared to the nematicide Nemaphos (83.5%). This effect has been shown significantly in the plant growth, fruit yield, and the quality of the extracted juice (pH, TSS, vitamin C, protein, carbohydrates, and fatty acids). Treatments of Marjoram emulsion oil, Chitosan, and Vermicompost recorded the best increase percent...

Shuhuan Li1*, Yongheng Bo2, Youzhi Li3 and Xiuzhen Yang2

...ely used in the clinical applications of animals and humans. However, in livestock production, excessive or improper use of atropine will lead to atropine residues in meat. When people eat animal meat from these sources, it will pose a potential threat to human health. Thus, in production practice, atropine residues in meat are usually determined quantitatively. In this study, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a simple but potent method was used t...

Ahlam G. Khalifa1*, Walaa A. Moselhy1, Hanaa M. Mohammed2 and Khaled Abdou1 

...r health risks and boost application safety.

Keywords | Cytotoxic, Chromosome aberrations, Loaded, Nanopesticides, Safety 

...

Nour H. Abdel-Hamid1*, Walid Elmonir2, Eman I. M. Beleta1, Rania I. Ismail1, Momtaz Shahein1, Mahmoud E. R. Hamdy1 

...e findings recommend the application of these techniques as an inexpensive and quick tool for traceability of B. melitensis and B. abortus strains, especially in developing countries with limited resources needed for other advanced sequence-based genotyping tools. Further studies on a large scale are required to ensure the reproducibility of both techniques.

Keywords | Brucella, dendrogram, ERIC-PCR, genotypes, RAPD-PCR. 

...

Ikele*, Chika Bright, Ujunwa Aghaji, Mgbenka, Benard Obialo 

...ct of biofloc technology application on Clarias gariepinus juveniles with emphasis on the growth performance and impact on physiological status. A total of two hundred and seventy juvenile Clarias gariepinus were randomly distributed into six plastic bioreactors groups (A-F) in triplicates with equal volume of inoculum, maintained in 30 L tank with constant aeration. Addition of organic carbon sources (CN 10:1, 20:1) were evaluated to stimulate rapid growth of...

Ghassan Zahid1, 2*, Sara Iftikhar3, Muhammad Umer Farooq4 and Shakeel Ahmed Soomro5

..., they also have diverse applications in the area of genetic diversity, varietal identification studies, hybrid detection, disease diagnostics and sex differentiation by administering the powerful diagnostic polymorphism detection tools at specific loci and the genome level. This review focuses on exploring the application, recent advancements and future implications of DNA-based molecular markers with the context of their r...
Paulus Klau Tahuk*, Oktovianus R. Nahak T.B., Gerson F. Bira, Adrianus Manek, Donatus Manek, Tobias Y. Purnama, Emanuel Bubun, Bergias Subay
...It is concluded that the application of complete feed with protein source from Gliricidia sepium with crude protein and TDN of 13 and 72% respectively could improve the fattened Bali cattle performance.
 
Keywords | Fattened bali cattle, Complete feed, Feed intake, Digestibility, Growth performance
...
Luu Huynh Anh1, Huynh Tan Loc2, Nguyen Hong Xuan3, Le Minh Thanh1, Trinh Thi Hong Mo4, Ly Thi Thu Lan5, Nguyen Trong Ngu1*
Rubaijaniza Abigaba1,4*, Pharaoh C. Sianangama1, Progress H. Nyanga2, Edwell S. Mwaanga3, Wilson N.M. Mwenya1
...productive biotechnology application. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was employed to obtain sex-disaggregated data from 622 respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, mean, and standard error of the mean as well as inferential statistics, namely, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, independent samples t-test, ANOVA, and the post-hoc tests were used to analyse the data. Out of 622 respondents, 66.9% were ...

Ghulam Murtaza1,6*, Muhammad Irfan Fareed2, Noshaba Munawar3, Muhammad Nadeem Khan4, Gul-E- Zahra5, Taskeen Ahmad6, Muhammad Daud6 and Taqi Raza6

...arboviruses. Insecticide application is the most essential component of the present global strategy for the control of mosquito-associated diseases, and vector control is a critical component of that strategy. However, the present study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of five different insecticides (Spinosad 100%EC, chlorfenapyr 36%SC, pyriproxyfen 10% EC, matrine 0.5 AS and imidacloprid 70% WDG) against Aedes aegypti larval mortality under laboratory c...

Junaid Ali1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Muhammad Ilyas3, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha4*, Muhammad Arshad5, Muhammad Akram6, Mina Kharal7, Ehsan Ullah1, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Fareeha Athar1, Ayesha Mustafa1 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

...g methods and irrigation application are an important agronomic consideration to get maximum production of lentil crop. Therefore, this study was conducted in RCBD with a two-factor split plot to determine the impact of various levels of irrigation and sowing methods on the growth and yield of lentil. Crop was sown by three sowing methods; flat, bed and ridge and with four different irrigations levels; I1: one irrigation, 60 days after sowing (DAS), I2: two ir...

Abdul Majid1*, Farah Naz1, Nasrullah Laghari1, Sanaullah Abbasi1, Sham Lal2 and Safdar Ujjan3

...hallenge for biochemical applications, hence there is always a need to understand the effects of solvents on secondary structural conformation. Biophysical investigations about the changes in secondary structure conformation of lysozymes were performed with CDS using them in water and buffer. Membrane bilayer mimics were prepared from dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) through rehydration method. CDS identified that secondary structure was maintained in sal...

Muhammad Musa1*, Saba Saeed2, Azher Mustafa2, Muhammad Ussama Yasin2, Saima Naseer2 and Iftikhar Haider3

...-align: justify;">Foliar application of five plant defense activators i.e., salicylic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, KH2PO4 and K2HPO4 were tested against potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) in field conditions while two nutrient solutions i.e., macronutrients (N, P, K) and micronutrients (B, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe) were tested against the disease under glass house conditions during the years 2018 and 2019. All plant defense activators and nutrients were sprayed thric...

Abid Hussain1, Mubbashira Nazir2*, Saira Batool2 and Sidra Majeed1

...eat crops through gypsum application, and adoption of micro-catchments for olive orchards and fruit trees in rain-fed Pothwar have been carried out. Socioeconomic characteristics of the adopter farmers have also been studied. The study is based on primary data that was collected from 110 sample farmers in the year 2018. It is found that adopters of the gypsum technology are more educated, having large family size, operational land and livestock holdings. Gypsu...

Muhammad Bakhtiar1*, Fayaz Ali Niaz2, Asim Muhammad2, Mamoona Munir3, Wajiha Seerat4, Sadiqullah Khan5, Ghulam Yaseen6, Muhammad Noman Khan7 and Asma Bibi8

...s, while on other hand S application, whereas Sulfur applied @ 40 kg ha-1 produced maximum Grain yield, oil content, protein content, Glucosinolate contents and erucic acid. It was determined that applying N @ 120 to 160 kg ha-1 in association with 40 kg S ha-1 resulted high yield and better oil quality, and thus recommended for boosting grain productivity and in raising the standard of canola oil.

...

Abdul Qadoos1, Muhammad Bakhtiar2*, Wajiha Seerat3, Asma Bibi4, Sohail Rahman1, Muhammad Noman Khan5, Ghulam Yaseen6, Mamoona Munir7 and Sadiqullah Khan8

Marwa Ragab Saeed Abdallah, Hussein Mohamed Hussein Mohamed, Mohamed Mohamed Talaat Emara, Mai Atef Mohamed

...ectively. Therefore, the application of WBI/BW edible coating before packaging of pastirma may be safely used at a commercial scale to extend the durability of pastirma.

Keywords | Pastirma, Whey protein, Beeswax, DPPH, carbonyl compound. 

...

Nawal Abd-elhafez Hassanain1, Raafat Mohamed Shaapan1*, Ahmed Maher1, Ahmed Badwi Yousif2, Gomaa Desoky Emam2 

...emphasized the practical application of cultural approaches for the identification of brucellosis and typhoid fever or any other acute febrile illness (AFI) in our clinical laboratories must rule out any cases of malaria that have symptoms that are similar to the symptoms of the disease and improve patient management by lowering treatment costs and removing other risks related with antibiotic misuse.

Keywords | Cross reactivity, Febrile, Malaria, Bruce...

Syeda Rubab Zaidi* and Safdar Ali Mirza

...ange of substrates. Vast application of these enzymes demands their production in a large quantity. In this study production and optimization of laccase enzyme production from locally isolated and screened potential fungal strain of Aspergillus flavus was monitored. During this study culture medium and different parameters such as incubation period and inoculum size were optimized and inducers were employed for enhanced production of laccase. Partial purificat...

Rana Aamir Shehzad1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Sabir Hussain Shah2, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Imran Shehzad1

...of soil characteristics, application of recommended NPK from chemical fertilizer (T2) recorded the highest pH (8.66) of soil, while the maximum EC (2.75 dS m-1) of soil was noted under the application of (T13) (T2 + all P from compost). Soil organic matter (0.90 %) was found to be maximum under T5 (T1 + all P from phosphocompost), while the treatments T11 (T2 + all P from PROM) and T4 (T1 + all P from FYM) noted the maximum ...

Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Hamza Latif1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Gulfam Yousuf1 and Muhammad Afzal2

....0% on the 7th day after application of treatments. No significant (P > 0.05) difference in larval mortality was observed for chlorantraniliprole (recommended dose) and neem at 100ppm on the 5th and 7th day after application. Higher concentration (100ppm) of neem showed 59.0% mortality of FAW larvae on 5th and 72.0% on the seventh day of application. Chlorantraniliprole reduced 62.9% fo...
Sara Mohamed Hemeda1, R.H. Sayed2, Hani Hassan1, Sheima A.E.2, Hassan Aboul-Ella3, R. Soliman3*
...s) production, Nano-gold applications, Lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFA), Antibiotic residues, Rapid detectors
...

Alsi Dara Paryuni1, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto2, Tri Untari3 and Sitarina Widyarini4*

...ere treated with topical application of 2% ketoconazole cream, twice a day for 21 days. Results showed that all of cats positive infected with Microsporum canis. Feature of the skin of cats infected by Microsporum canis demonstrates erythema, scale, crust, and circular alopecia. At day-21, antifungal treatment not only diminished by approximately 85% of the clinical feature of the skin lesion of cat’s dermatophytosis but also resulted in the disappearanc...

Sajid Ali1*, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin2, Asad Ali Khan2, Dawood Ahmad4, Ikram Ullah5, Faiq Ahmad2, Sajjad6 and Sikandar Azam1

...inc (Zn) and its time of application plays an important role in crop productivity. To study its effect on maize, field experiment was conducted at Fodder and Forage Crops Section Harichand- Charsadda, Pakistan. The field experiment was conducted on 7 July 2021. Two levels of P (90 and 120 kg ha-1) and three levels of Zn (0 i.e., water spray only, 2.5 and 5 kg ha-1) were applied at three growth stages, full at vegetative stage (V6), full at reproductive stage (...

A. El-Shemy1*, Hoda M. Mekky2, M. A. Bosila2, A. M. Allam1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi2, M. M. Amer3 

.... Thus, we recommend the application of further studies to detect the efficacy of the used vaccine against the current field strains of DHAV-1

Keywords | Nervous signs, DHAV-1, RT-PCR, Nucleotide sequences, Phylogenetic analysis 

...

Ziaul Islam1*, Asad Sultan1, Sar Zamin Khan1 and Sher Bahader Khan2

...trate that the strategic application of organic acids, micro-encapsulated phyto-essential oils individually and or in combination could potentially replace the antibiotic growth promoters in broiler production without compromising production performance and other parameters of economic importance.

...

Khalid Javed Iqbal1, Irfan Baboo2*, Arshad Javid3, Noor Khan4, Hamid Majeed5, Azra Anwer1, Zahid Farooq2, Muhammad Altaf6 and Moazam Jalees7

...chnology, nano-particles application in various fields of industries and medicine is growing. However, limited study is available on their toxicological impacts which can adversely affect the organism’s health and their environment. Current research was designed to study the possible toxicity of iron oxide nano-particles on common carp, C. carpio after exposure period of 96 hours by the analysis of their haematological parameters. Fish were segregated in...

Tooba Ather1, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid2*, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub3, Javed Iqbal2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Muhammad Akram2, Naveeda Anjum4, Muhammad Rizwan6, Hafeezur Rehman5 and Umar Farooq5

...in at three days of post application interval (PAI). Pyriproxyfen 0.5% and Buprofezin at 2% concentration induced mortality of P. solenopsis up to (82.52%) and (87.60%) respectively at PAI of 3 days after application. At 0.25%concentration of Pyriproxyfen and 1% of Buprofezin mortality of CMB was observed up to 59.72% and 63.04%respectivelyon 3rdday after application. Similarly Pyriproxyfe...

Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Amir Hamza1, Muhammad Saad1, Said Ghulam2 and Azmat Ullah1

... and 200 kg ha-1 as soil application treatments and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 as a foliar application of 2% K2SO4 solution at peak boll formation stage. Results revealed that tillage did not influence yield and quality attributes of cotton; however, potassium levels significantly affected yield and quality traits except fiber micronaire. Potassium fertilizer (soil-applied) at 250 kg ha-1 along with five foliar sprays of K2SO4 produc...

Umair Faheem1*, Qurban Ali2, Mussurat Hussain1, Abrar Ahmad3, Tamsila Nazir2, Ghayour Ahmad3, Idrees Ahmad3, Madiha Mobeen4, Hammad Hussnain3 and Nadia Hussain Ahmad3

... pests but the pesticide application would still be required to keep their population below the economic threshold level. Population of insect pests and parasitoids significantly reduced using insecticides. In Pakistan, environmental friendly insecticides need to be encouraged to avoid their deleterious effects on beneficial insects.

...

Ayesha Khan*, Mohammad Tariq Aziz, Urooba Pervaiz and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

... ICT and considered that application of information will bring improvement in agricultural production. Significant association existed between age and access to internet whereas highly significant relationship existed for literacy status and tenancy status with access to internet while non-significant relationship was found with farming experience. It is recommended that farmers’ skills should be upgraded through training on how to use modern ICT tools f...

Muhammad Rizwan, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Arshad

...igher (76.67%) after the application of A. indica extract, followed by E. camaldulensis (66.67%) at 72 h post-exposure. The least effective botanicals were C. citratus and C. album showing 26.67 and 20.0% mean mortality of mealybug, respectively. The mortality rate was increased by increasing the concentration of botanicals up to 25.0%. Furthermore, probit values revealed the highest toxicity of E. camaldulensis (12.14%) and A. indica (16.96%) after 72 h of po...

Tarek A. Wrshana1, Yousry A. Dowidar1, Bahgat A. El-Fiky2, Ali M. El-Rify1, Walaa A. El-Sayed3, Basem M. Ahmed4* 

...h multiple biotechnology applications, including but not limited to tissue genesis, tissue repair, hematopoiesis, and immune modulation. Therapeutic strategies based on the usage of stem cells includes the cells either themselves or their secretions (secretome), which has recently shown ability to inhibit SARS-CoV2 replication in-vitro. In this study, MSCs were prepared from the bone marrow of native Egyptian Fayoumi chicken. The MSC with the surface marker CD...

Sajid Hanif1, Abdul Shakoor1,4*, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem1, Ifra Saleem2, Sajid Ali3, Muhammad Awais Ashraf4, Majid Nadeem4, Hira Shair4, Anwar ul Haq5, Rana Abdul Hamid Khan6 and Muhammad Amir Amin7

Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Javed Iqbal2, Muhammad Aslam3, Rizwan Latif4, Muhammad Arif5, Muhammad Tahir Akbar6 and Hafiz Husnain Nawaz1

...and source of fertilizer application at a proper growth stage. As a result, OFF season crop in once year and followed by ON year crop. Alternate bearing cannot be completely controlled but it can be minimized by adopting different approaches like mechanical pruning, pruning through use of growth inhibitors, use of bio stimulants, and proper use of mineral nutrients at proper nutrient demanding growth stage and use of different vitamins and amino acids. The cur...

Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1*, Muhammad Atiq1, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Nasir Ahmad Khan1, Akhtar Hameed2, Noor Muhammad1 and Muhammad Saqib Mushtaq1

...ive as compared to alone applications. tilt + moringa showed minimum disease incidence (15%) followed by Tilt (18.33%) and moringa (32.33%) as compared to control. While under the field conditions same combination of Tilt + moringa expressed minimum disease incidence (18%) followed by tilt (20.83%) and moringa (34.50%). By these findings it is recommended to farmers that, Alternaria leaf spot disease of spinach can be managed by using tilt fungicide and moring...

Farah Rasheed1*, Ana Aslam1, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Raheela Naz1, Hina Nazir3, Sadia Sultana1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Ifra Saleem1, Qudsia Nazir1, Muhammad Arfan-ul-Haq1, Abid Niaz4, Muhammad Arif1, Aamer Sattar1, Sarfraz Hussain5 and Adnan Rafique6

...n of zinc and phosphorus application was investigated to decrease phytin content and enhance zinc bioavailability in rice grain. Three level of phosphorus fertilizer viz. 60, 90, 120 kg ha-1 were employed with 5 and 10 kg ha-1 of zinc fertilizer. Treatment applied with the recommended dose of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was taken as control. Paddy yield data were collected and rice grain was analysed for phosphorus, zinc and phytic acid contents. Findin...

Sajid Ali1*, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin3, Asad Ali Khan2, Sajjad Khan4, Dawood Ahmad5, Faiq Ahmad2, Maaz Khan2, Sikandar Azam1, Siddique Ahmad2 and Bismillah Khan2

...s (P), Zinc (Zn) and its application timing play a very important role in crop productivity. To study its effect on maize, an experiment was conducted at Fodder and Forage Crops Section Harichand, district Charsadda- Pakistan. Two levels of P (90 and 120 kg ha-1) and three levels of Zn (0 i.e., water spray only, 2.5 and 5 kg ha-1) were applied at three application stages (AS) i.e., full at vegetative stage V6 (AS1), full at ...

Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza2, Waqas Ahmad1, Nargis Bibi3, Aftab Khan2 and Jahangir Khan

...ing labor hours and urea application during the production process. Inefficiency effects model showed a negative and significant relationship of inefficiency with farmers’ education and farming experience, so government is recommended to facilitate farmers with formal as well as informal education and proper trainings regarding rice farming for efficient utilization of available resources.

...

Nuraini Nuraini*, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Ade Djulardi, Robi Amizar, Yesi Chwenta Sari

... fat of Tmc. The Phase 2 application to laying quails is the utilization of Tenebrio molitor caterpillars in the diet. This stage used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. Provision of Tenebrio molitor caterpillars consisted of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% in the diet of laying quail. The parameters measured were feed consumption, daily egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion. Phase 1 showed that the dif...

Nagina Zeb* and Noor ul Amin

...s concentrations of IBA, application of IBA at the rate of 8000 ppm resulted in maximum number of sprouts (4.36), number of leaves (113), number of roots (3.61) and plant survival percentage (40.37 %) while minimum days to sprouting (17.07) were noticed at this treatment as compared to the control treatment. Years also exhibited significant impact for all the parameters. The interactive effect of planting dates, cutting types and various IBA concentrations had...

Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Irfan Majeed2, Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman1 and Muhammad Asam Riaz1

...rely primarily on direct applications of liquid insecticides which usually get off the target site resulting in unsatisfactory and short-term termite eradication along with environmental contaminations. This situation necessitates looking for more target-oriented and ecologically safer strategies such as baiting insecticides with some cellulose attractant. In this study, 5% technical grade fipronil was formulated as small beads (3.5 mm) made by a matrix compos...

Caiyun Ma1, Hebao Wen1, Lu Li2, Gaofeng Liu1, Chunjing Wang1, Yu Guo1, Shiji Fang1, Hongyu Wang1* and Changqing Liu1*

...ndings may propell CSPCs application in a clinical study, suggesting potential therapeutic treatment for OA or related joint diseases.

...

Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*, Aiman Al Mufarji and Sultan Alawaid

...ulting oocytes and their applications in assisted reproductive techniques.

...

Muhammad Waseem Akhtar1*, Khalid Mahmood Khawar2, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar3, Muhammad Rafique1, Khalid Hussain4, Sharmin Ashraf1 and Muhammad Fida Hassan1

...sticides. Moreover, with application of these pesticides, chemical residues may cause severe damage to non-target organisms. Host plant resistance against insect pests is considered best ecological approach to pest management. Keeping this in consideration, the current research activity is planned to screen out available germplasm of chickpea against dhora beetle (Callosobruchuschinisensis). For this purpose, 8 genotypes of chickpea genotypes were taken from A...

Sidrah Ashfaq1, Muhammad Nadeem1*, Muhammad Yamin1, Talha Afzal1, Muhammad Waqar Akram1, Rabia Anam1 and Ali Mehboob2

...ust solution for thermal applications in remote areas. Biomass gasification proved to be one of the most efficient and clean waste-to-energy conversion processes in contrast to direct combustion of agricultural waste. Other than controlled burning of biomass, it can be subjected for different purposes like a thermal, synthesis of ethanol, engine running, and for fuel cell applications. An excessive amount of impurities like ...

H. A. Aidaros1*, S. S. Khalafallah1, M. S. Diab2, Nehal K. Alm Eldin2, Halla E.K. El Bahgy1 

... respectively.  The application of good biosecurity programs including strict measures in poultry farms is the preferable method to reduce the risk of pathogenic bacteria and reduce the use of antibiotics.

Keywords | Poultry farms, Hygiene, Enterobacteriaceae, Antimicrobial Resistance, Resistance gens. 

...

Hafiz Kashif Ali1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Mujahid Ali2*, Zahoor Hussain3, Muhammad Ather Nadeem4, Malik Abdul Rehman5, Barkat Ali6, Muhammad Iftikhar7

... cm2) with 3 ppm Isabion application, when sprayed only one time. Among the number of sprays, plants sprayed three times with Isabion produced the thickest stem diameter followed by 2 and 1 sprays. ‘Cheerful White’ had maximum leaf total chlorophyll contents, followed by ‘Iron White’ and ‘Iron Rose’ (69.1 SPAD and 68.8 SPAD, respectively). Among the number of sprays, plants sprayed three times had the longest vase life. Chee...

Sonia Sumreen1, Muhammad Sharif2, Tariq Sultan1 and Ijaz Ali1*

...at over control. Whereas application of RP with increasing amount of HA augmentation further increase these soil and crop parameters over RP alone. The increase in soil P2O5 content, P uptake, grains, total dry matter, and straw yield of wheat was in the order RP+HA-10 > RP+HA-5 > RP > Control. This study conclude that RP can be used as P fertilizer efficiently when HA is mixed with it in order to increase P availability, nutrient uptake and wheat pro...
Ahmed H. Massoud1, Mohamed S. Ahmed2, Moustafa Saad-Allah1, Aly S. Derbalah1, Ashraf Albrakati3* and Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy4*
...mall doses, before their application to agricultural fields.

...

Shabana Ehsan1*, Aneela Riaz2, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Abid Ali1, Ifra Saleem3, Muhammad Aftab3, Khalid Mehmood4, Fakhar Mujeeb1, Muhammad Asif Ali1, Hina Javed1, Fraza Ijaz1, Anwar-ul-Haq5, Khaliq-ur-Rehman3 and M. Usman Saleem

Pharaoh C. Sianangama1*, Brian Tembo2, Sylvia J. Harrison1, Rubaijaniza Abigaba1,3 

...ncy diagnostic tool, for application in dairy cattle especially among smallholder farmers. The study involved four treatment groups: distilled water (DW), urine from artificially inseminated cows (AIC), non-inseminated cows (non-AIC), and non-inseminated heifers (non-AIH). Free-catch urine samples, from 18 randomly selected dairy animals, were collected on day 15, 22, 30, and 35 after insemination and used at a dilution rate of 1:4. Maize seeds were soaked in ...

Yasemin Yıldırım Meşepınar and İlker Kepenekci*

...ctive than S. feltiae in applications against pupae. This research, which is the first study carried out in greenhouse-pot conditions on the use of EPNs in the control of P. operculella in Turkey, shows that more detail studies on the applications of EPNs with promising effects (S.feltiae Balıkesir isolate applications with a 63.30% mortality in larvae) under field conditions be conducted...

Ayesha Saeed1*, Farzana Kishwar2, Ahsan Nazir3, Sharjeel Abid4, Muhammad Abiodullah5, and Danial Ali6

... was just wet before its application. Leaf extracts were used at three concentration levels (0.5, 1, and 1.5 %). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images confirmed the formation of optimized nanofibers with diameter range from ±49 to ±545 nm. It was observed that addition of leaf extract increased the solution conductivity and decrease the surface tension and viscosity. Chemical reactions and presence of functional groups of SA, PVA, HRS and MA ...

Murad Ali Rahat1*, Muhammad Israr2, Hakim Khan1, Ishtiaq Hassan1, Mohammad Islam1 and Muzafar Shah3

...seful tool for immediate application in accredited forensic laboratories, predicting blue and brown human eye color from DNA samples, hence, may be a useful tool in forensic investigation.

...

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Chand Raza1, Ayesha Muzamil1, Farman Ahmad Chaudhary2, Muhammad Summer1 and Aamir Ali1

...o-cesses through topical application of natural non-toxic substances such as sericin and curcumin.
...

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Chand Raza1, Ayesha Muzamil1, Farman Ahmad Chaudhary2, Muhammad Summer1 and Aamir Ali1

...o-cesses through topical application of natural non-toxic substances such as sericin and curcumin.
...

Arif Mehmood1*, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Waqas Raza2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1

...eads to precision in the application of control strategies. Mosquitoes inhabit diverse types of habitats depending upon host preference, biotic and abiotic characteristics of the habitats. This study mainly targeted the collection, identification, and sorting of mosquitoes habitat-wise in the Attock district of Pothwar region. Collection of specimens was done from specified habitats during 2014-16. A total of fourteen species belonging to four genera were coll...

Faiq Ahmad1, Shahen Shah1*, Muhammad Amin2, Ikram Ullah3, Sajid Ali4, Maaz Khan1, Muhammad Shakur5 and Sajjad Khan6

...nt comprised of nitrogen application from integrated sources (50% FYM + 50% urea + BM, 50% FYM + 50% PM + BM, 50% PM + 50% urea + BM, 50% FYM + 50% urea – BM, 50% FYM + 50% PM – BM and 50% PM + 50% urea – BM) and N sources application timing (1, 15 and 30 days before sowing). Experiment also consists of two controls: one was 100% N from urea and other was without fertilizer. Organic sources (FYM and PM) add...

Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar1, Farah Umar2, Naeem Akhtar3 and Muhammad Jan4

...ardwood cuttings through application of different separate and combined concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA), urea phosphate (UP) and paclobutrazol (PB). These chemicals were evaluated under seven treatments in controlled greenhouse environment and tested for different rooting parameters. The results obtained showed significant effect on rooting ability of the cuttings. The appealing results obtained at T6 (IBA+UP+PB) where maximum rooting 56.8% with av...

Ghani Akbar*, Zafar Islam, Muhammad Umar and Shahi Salam

...e by reducing irrigation applications, eliminating the puddling and standing water under the conventional flat basin flooding method. 

...

Muhammad A. Ahmad1, Shabbir Hussain2*, Humera A. Awan3, Muhammad Riaz4 and Muhammad Saeed1

... concluded that the PGRs application reduces the economic cost of the farmer and also increases the nutritional value of wheat crop.

...

Chanathip Thammakarn1*, Sawanya Umphonphison1, Paitoon Kaewhom2, Kanokrat Srikijkasemwat1 

Noor-us-Sabah1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Tayyab Boota1, Muhammad Luqman2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Amir Aziz1 and Ameer Hamza1 

...addition to chemical NPK application, T4 as poultry manure (10 t ha-1) also named as compost-I in addition to chemical NPK application and T5 as press mud or compost II (10 t ha-1) in addition to recommended chemical NPK application. The results had demonstrated that all the organic and chemical fertilizers increased plant growth and quality attributes (plant height, plant stem diameter, t...

Emtiaz Ibrahim Ghoniem, Gaber Mamdouh Abdelgalil, Amira Farouk Gad* and El-Sayed Hassan Eshra

 
...d 72 h using the topical application technique were estimated. Additionally, in vivo evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in T. pisana intoxicated with two sublethal doses of CuSO4 (0.25 and 0.5 of LD50) after 24, 48 and 72 h were examined. The results indicated that the LD50 values of CuSO4 were 166.5, 92.59 and 70.63 µg/g b.w for 24, 48 and ...

Umair Faheem1*, Madiha Mobeen Khan2, Qurban Ali3, Muhammad Jamil4, Wajiha Anum2, Mashal Rehman2, Imran Akhtar2, Mussurrat Hussain1, Qaisar Abbas1, Ghayour Ahmad5 and Abrar Ahmad6

Uzma Hameed1*, Aneela Liaqat1, Muhammad Asjad Khan2, Ikram-Ul-Haq1 and Maham Aslam1

...to widespread industrial applications, alpha-amylases are of continuous research focus. The present work depicts the enhanced alpha amylase bioproduction by Bacillus subtilis by optimizing the solid state fermentation (SSF) parameters. In this context, the fermentation rate for optimal alpha-amylase production was optimized using a solid substrate, wheat bran. Optimal enzyme production (2.1±0.15 U/ml) was achieved with 48 hours fermentation period. A co...

Zaheer Ahmed Lashari1, Muhammad Saleem Sarki1, Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1, Muhammad Sachal Khokhar1 and Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio2*

...eatments. Compost or NPK application either in integration or alone boosted the NPK levels in onion leaves with respect to control treatment. The upmost content of N (0.91 %), P (0.91 %) and K (2.80 %) were recorded from T8, T2, and T7 respectively. We suggest that an integration of compost with inorganic fertilizer is a better choice for improved growth, yield and quality of onion crop.

...

Shaolin Zeng, Shuai Yuan* and Kai Liu

...26a-5p were predicted by application of Targetscan, microT-CDS, miRtargetLink and miRpathDB database. The luciferin reporter groups were used for verification. We detected the impact of miR-26a-5p expression content on the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway via Western blot. We used HE staining for examining how miR-26a-5p expression content affected myocardium morphology of rats in the sevoflurane group, Biochemical experiments for assessing how miR-26a-5p expression cont...

Faisal Khurshid1*, Asad Ullah1 and Sana Manan2

... provided through mobile application are accurate about weather updates, market subsidies, fertilizers, etc. (P=0.014), and mobile application/information enabled direct interaction with agriculture experts in getting required knowledge about innovates (P=0.006). It is concluded from the study that access to information communication technology facilitated its adopters in timely awareness of market information and government...

Manzoor Ali Magsi1*, Naimatullah Laghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, and Habibullah Magsi2

...esults under wheat crop, application of reduced tillage treatment is recommended that would increase the greater marginal rate of return as compared to conventional and no-tillage treatments. Comparable investigations need to be carried out in other ecological zones of Pakistan on different types of soils to introduce appropriate tillage practices that perform better and are site-specific not only for wheat rotation but for other crops. Further experiments sho...

Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil1*, Abdus Subhan3, Ghani Akbar1, Muhammad Asif1, Zafar Islam1, Adnan Shakeel1 and Fawad Anwar2 

...ificantly changed by the application of different amounts of water (treatment) during the two years of the experiment. Conventional irrigation showed significantly higher values ​​of growth parameters, but was comparable to the irrigation regime applied to 50 and 75% of the field capacity. Similarly, the use of different amounts of water significantly affected the yield and yield components of wheat. The thousand grain weight was recorded higher in pots re...
Huma Abbas1*, Nazir Javed1, Muhammad Kamran2, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Abdul Jabbar1, Akhtar Hameed1, Hira Abbas3, Azhar Iqbal2 and Ehetisham-ul-Haq2
...nita in roots. Different application methods regarding protective and curative were used to test the efficacy of Cartap, Virtako, Cure and Azadirachtin. Results revealed that Protective application of bio and synthetic chemicals was more effective at nematode suppression rather than being curative. Then the impact of bio and synthetic chemicals were tested in combination with NPK on nematode reproduction. Following treatment...

Mohamed M. Bahr1, Mohamed S. Amer1*, Khaled Abo-EL-Sooud2, Shaimaa M. Kamel3, Marwa A. Fouly4, Ahmed N. Abdallah5, Ashraf A. Shamaa1, Omar S. El-Tookhy1 

Salma Bessalah1, Samira Jebahi2, Asim Faraz3*, Amel Raoufi2, Cem Tırınk4, Walid Dridi2, Mahmoud Daouad2, Hassib Keskes5, Touhami Khorchani1, Khaled Farah2, Abdul Waheed3 and Mohamed Hammadi1

...d in food and biomedical applications.

...

Atilla Yıldız* and Ayse Kılıç

... values before and after application in both, conceiving and non-conceiving cows. Resveratrol therapy improved conception rate at a rate of 16.6 percent but the difference was statistically non-significant.

...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Mariam Temitope Baker2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji2

...omising technique is the application of bio-pesticides. Organic fatty acid esters (FAE) are reassuring materials with nematicidal activities. Medicinal plants are rich source of acid esters, hence Alstonia boonei (Apocynaceae) leaves were extracted cold in ethyl acetate. This yielded crude extract that was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel 100-120 mesh grade), which afforded fractions that were analysed with GCMS and FTIR for constituent identific...
W. M. A. El-Nagdi1†, M. M. A.Youssef1, H. Abd-El-Khair1, M. M. M. Abd Elgawadand M. G. Dawood2
...ss of single or combined application of bacterial inoculation of Bacillus subtilis (Bs), B. pumilus (Bp) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) on M. incognita, infecting cowpea cv. Baladi. Based on average percentages of nematode reduction, P. fluorescens (Pf) achieved (89.0%) followed by the combined treatments of Pf+Bs (88.5%) and Pf + Bs + Bp (86.3%) as compared to untreated positive and negative controls. As for cowpea vegetative growth, the highest plant growt...

Hira Anwar1, Muhammad Jabran1,3, Anam Moosa2, Usman Arshad2, Abdul Haseeb1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Burhan4, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed5 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*

...he results revealed that application of Enterobacter sp. MN17 significantly enhanced the root length (19.0), root weight (8.7), and shoot dry weight (19.6) as compared to other treatments. However, the combined treatment of Bacillus sp. MN54 + Enterobacter sp. MN17 + B. phytofirmans PsJN has successfully reduced the number of galls (10.5), number of females (23.2), egg masses (19.5), egg mass index (4.1), and galling index (2.1) against the RKNs. Conclusively,...

Muhammad Shahid Nadeem*, Jalaluddin Azam Khan and Firoz Anwar

...he enzyme has a clinical applications in the diagnosis of many diseases. In the present study we have produced a recombinant of ALT from Pyrococcus abyssi in BL21 (DE3) strain of E. coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified by anion exchange chromatography, it displayed a 45kDa band on SDS-PAGE, with 58.1% final recovery, 15.3 fold purification and 139 U/mg specific activity. Maximum enzyme activity was found at pH 8 and above 90C, its KM and Vmax values were ...

Cuiping Liu

...on group was higher. The application of compound alpha keto acid tablets combined with hybrid blood purification therapy in MHD patients has a positive effect on improving renal function, nutritional status, and quality of life. It can effectively reduce the body’s micro-inflammatory state, while regulating mineral metabolism and the expression of Sclerostin, BMP-7 and Irisin, and inhibiting vascular calcification.

...

M. A. Radwan†, M. M. Abu-Elamayem, S. A. A. Farrag and N. S. Ahmed

... well as the
application methods significantly reduced tomato root galls and 2nd stage juvenile numbers in soil compared with
control. Except DNSA and AA, foliar application of tested organic acids was more effective in reducing nematode
galls than soil drench application. Foliar application of ASA caused superior effe...

Fawzia, I. Moursy1, Amira, Sh.Soliman1, A. E.M. Khalil2,Samaa, M. Shawky2 and A. A. Taher2

...ctuation and
application of some bioagents to control root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on cucumber. Seasonal
fluctuation of the root-knot nematode M. incognita was studied on two cucumber cultivars (Madia and Slaprty)
during the period from March to November in seasons 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. Soil population increased
gradually on two cultivars during spring and throughout summer to reach peak in August ...

A.S. Ardakani

...ent treatments, combined application of H. indica @ 160 J3/g soil +
NSKG formulation @ 1 g/kg soil followed by H. indica @ 160 J3/g soil + NSG formulation @ 1 g/kg soil
were found high to all other treatments in suppressing the M. incognita population (267 and 289 J2/g soil)
and thus, significantly (P  0.05) less gall formation (237 and 361) respectively, as compared to untreated
inoculated control (1368 galls p...

R.R. Arain, R.N. Syed, A.Q. Rajput, M.A. Khanzada1, N.A. Rajput and A.M. Lodhi1

...ant growth. The combined applications of neem extract, furadan and T. harzianum were more
effective than alone. In combined application also, the higher dose of furadan caused negative effects on plant
growth. Present studies showed that incorporation of biocontrol agent like T. harzianum and botanical products
such as neem extract against root-knot nematode provided good results and can p...

M.A.M. El-Saedy, A.A. Mokbel*† and S.E. Hammad**

.... Similarly,
application of these oils resulted in great reductions of 59.2-92.8% and 47.4-89.6% in numbers of root galls and
egg-masses/root when oils applied before and after transplanting of tomato seedlings, respectively. The highest
reduction (%) of galls, egg-masses and reproduction of M. incognita infecting tomato plants were reached with
NemacureÒ (95.2-98.8%) and garli...

T. Shiferaw†, N. Dechassa* and P.K. Sakhuja*

...litter and rapeseed cake application against root-knot nematode
infestation in tomato var. Mraglobe. Five levels of poultry litter (control (0), 5, 10, 15 and 20 ton/ha) and three
levels of rapeseed cake (control (0), 100, 200 kg/ha) was applied in experimental plot three weeks before
transplanting the seedlings. The experiment laid in RCBD factorial arrangement. Application of poultry lit...

M.M.A. Youssef and A.M.S. Lashein†

... in soil one month after application at the harvest according to the
tested concentrations as compared with control significantly (p≤0.05). GABA achieved at the highest and moderate
concentrations the highest dates yield (%) increases (25.4 and 17.8%) as compared to ASA (16.2% and 12.9%),
respectively. The lowest concentration from each material achieved the lowest result.
...

A.A. Mokbel

...th any single Pp isolate application.
Meanwhile, all treatments in 2nd season with both concentrations of all Pp isolates either alone or as a mixed isolates
resulted in 65.7-94.7% reduction in all nematode parameters. Treatments with high concentration of all Pp isolates
either alone or as mixed resulted 61.4-72.2% encumbered J2 in the 1st season and increased to 93.2-97.9% in the 2nd
season. Treatments with two...

A. Khan†, Saifullah, M. Iqbal* and S. Hussain

... Nematodes killed by the application of crude extracts of Pleurotus species never recovered to life after
placing in simple water. P. citronopileatus was found more effective than other species and it killed 100%
nematodes after 24 hrs followed by fruiting body extracts of P. florida 99% and waste of P. ostreatus 77%.
...

A.A. Anter, A.W. Amin†, A.H. Ashoub* and A.S. El-Nuby*

...st effective
application time (before inoculation) and the proper activated dose after inoculation was s tudies for
emphasized their action and comparing with pre-inoculation only in suppressing M. incognita population.
Enzyme activity of both peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were elevated in infected tomato roots than
healthy ones. Chemical activators showed enhancing in these antioxidant activities, indicating...

A.W. Amin†, A.A. Anter, A.H. Ashoub* and A.S. El-Nuby*

... improved as a result of application of rhizobacteria. Antioxidant
enzymes activity for both peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were elevated in bacteriazied plants as compared
nematode infected plant as well as total phenol content. Results revealed that crude culture suspension of bacteria
was more effective for reducing nematode population followed by cell-free culture filtrates, bacterial live cells and
bacter...
Ghulam Jelani1, Qudratullah Kalwar1*, Asmatullah Kaka2, Abdullah Channo2, Ayyaz Ahmed1, Majid Hussain Soomro1, Hidayatullah Soomro1, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1 and Yar Muhammad Jalbani1
Aulia Evi Susanti1*, Rudy Priyanto2, Muladno2, Dewi Apri Astuti3, Lucia Cyrilla2
...mic parameters, and feed applications to obtain production parameters at the Field Station-School for Smallholder Community (FS-SSC) Maju Bersama, Musi Banyuasin Regency in 2021. The feed application experimental design used a factorial 3x2 Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 replications. A descriptive analysis was conducted to evaluate the corporate model’s production system and business management. Production anal...

Abdul Hadi Wasil1,2*, Jasmin Arif Shah1, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris1, Sardar M. Hashimi3 and Khal Mohammad Ahmadzai4

...consider the sustainable application of organic fertilizer and its adoption among farmers in order to achieve sustainable development.

...

Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1, Muhammad Afzal1, Liu Yu Feng2, Muhammad Shahroaz Khan1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*

...rmulations at 5th day of application. While, minimum larval reduction was recorded for both microbial insecticides alone and in combination for both years. Overall results of this in-vitro and in-situ evaluation demonstrate the effectiveness of biorational insecticidal formulations and recommend their incorporation in integrated management of S. litura. 
 
Novelty Statement | Laboratory and then fi...

Aamir Mushtaq1*, Fatima Habib2, Umar Farooq Gohar3, Abdul Malik4 and Mobasher Ahmad2

...xtensive pharmacological application of Pimpinella anisum (Anise) for treatment of various diseases, the study is designed to explore its acute and chronic toxicity. The dried fruits/seeds of P. anisum were powdered and its methanolic extract (with 19 % yield) was prepared by cold extraction technique. Acute toxicity studies were performed in female albino mice by administration of single oral doses (4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 g/Kg/po) respectively, to individual groups...
Hendrikus Fatem1,3, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Herry Sonjaya2
...alm oil fields after the application of artificial insemination (AI). This study was designed as field research that involved farmers and Bali cows reared under palm oil plantations. A total of 71 heads of Bali cows that have been calving for two consecutive times were used in the present study. The parameters measured were services per conception, length of pregnancy, the interval from calving to the first AI, the interval from calving to conception, and the ...

Syed Shah Mohioudin Gillani1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Adeel Anwar1*, Syed Ijaz Ul Haq2, Muhammad Awais3, Mujahid Iqbal4, Javed Iqbal5, Hina Ahmed Malik3, Syed Muhammad Zaigham Abbas Naqvi6, Raza Ullah7 and Muhammad Abdullah Khan1

...s proposed the real-time application of satellite imagery with high spatial resolution at wider regions. This will help the scientists to monitor and manage the nutrient requirements of plants as well as will enable them to accurately and rapidly respond to plant health by determining chlorophyll contents in plants.

...

Muhammad Umair1,2, Muhammad Naeem1, Asad Jamil3 and Muhammad Younas2,4*

... (22.61%) was found with application of rice husk biochar @ 0.3% as compared with saline-sodic control. Similarly, maximum decrease in soil Na+ (59.66%) and SAR (63.65%) was also observed in rice husk biochar @ 0.3% when compared with saline-sodic control. However, soil Ca2++Mg2+ was found maximum (39.82%) for rice husk biochar @ 0.15% as compared to saline-sodic control. Similarly, all treatments improved the maize growth as compared to saline-sodic control. ...

Saba Iqbal1, Salman Khurshid1*, Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Qurrat-Ul-Ain Akbar1, Aqeel Ahmed Siddique3, Saqib Arif1, Shahid Yousaf2, Masooma Munir4, Abdul Karim Khan4, Shazia Arif5,  Abdul Ahad6 and Muhammad Arif7

Muhammad Afzal1,3*, Shafqat Saeed1, Hasan Riaz1, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, M. Habib ur Rahman2

Mutia Rizkia Shaffira, Nurhayati, Dwi Desmiyeni Putri* 

...th single or in combined application in drinking water on the productivity and carcass quality in broiler. One hundred unsexed broilers were reared for 28 days. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications, each replication consist of 5 broilers placed randomly in each treatment. The treatment were P0 = giving drinking water without adding red ginger and brotowali extract (control), P1 = giving 1% red ginger extract...

Trisiwi Wahyu Widayati1*, Aris Triyono Syahputra2, Andoyo Supriyantono1, Onesimus Yoku1, Deny Anjelus Iyai1, Priyo Sambodo1, Iriani Sumpe1 

...00, before and after the application of laleken. Stool samples come from fresh feces. Water samples were collected from pools around the farmer’s house in both systems, vegetable samples were collected from three points ± 0 m, ± 1 m, and ± 2 m apart from the fence and soil samples were collected at three points ± 1 m apart, ± 10 m apart, ±25 m from the house with three replications. The second stage of collection...

Zongliang Li1, Rongxin Ma2,*, Yan Wei1 and Jianghua Zuo3

...tigate the effect of 32P application combined with timolol maleate on circulating vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in children with cutaneous hemangioma. Eighty children with hemangioma treated in the Provincial Women and Children’s Hospital from May 2018 to April 2019 were enrolled in the study, including 37 males and 43 females. The children were randomized into two groups according to the experiment: the convention...

Rana Aamir Shehzad1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Sabir Hussain Shah2, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Imran Shehzad1 and Usman Saleem4

...Pakistan. Therefore, the application of phosphatic fertilizers is compulsory. But P availability is low due to its fixation, which is a major constraint in achieving sustainability in crop production. A pot trial was performed to estimate the efficiency of organic manures for P release from rock phosphate by wheat. The fourteen treatments with six replicates were arranged according to completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments of the study were T1 = Recomm...
Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Iqra Javed1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Shaukat Ali3, Muhammad Khan1, Farah Rauf Shakoori1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1 and Muhammad Abrar Yousaf1
...o its various industrial applications. Tannase production using pure tannic acid as substrate is very expensive especially at industrial level. In present study, various physical parameters and medium components were optimized for maximum tannase production employing Raoultella ornithinolytica in solid state fermentation (SSF) using corn (Zea mays) leaves as substrate to reduce its production cost. The maximum tannase production was obtained with 60% initial s...

Ambrin Rajput1* and Mehrunisa Memon2

...e food grain, phosphorus application shows an important part in enhancing plant productivity of the crop. Keeping in view the role of plant nutrition, research trial was led to determine various rates of P 0, 25, 38, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 P2O5 kg ha -1 on yield, uptake, P utilization efficiency of Mungbean. For this, randomized complete block design was arranged with three times. The outcome showed that Phosphorus application
 
 SAIMA AFTAB1, ATTIA HAMID1, MAHJBEEN2, JAVERIA TARIQ2, ZULQURNAIN ALI2, ASMA ZAFAR2* 
... candidate for different applications. Maximum ethanol (13.9 %) was produced after inoculation was performed by S. cerevisiae (inoculum size 4%). The optimized conditions of apple extracts inoculated with S. cerevisiae at 30°C after 72 hours of incubation having pH of about 4.0. 
...
 
 SAIMA AFTAB1, ATTIA HAMID1, MAHJBEEN2, JAVERIA TARIQ2, ZULQURNAIN ALI2, ASMA ZAFAR2* 
... candidate for different applications. Maximum ethanol (13.9 %) was produced after inoculation was performed by S. cerevisiae (inoculum size 4%). The optimized conditions of apple extracts inoculated with S. cerevisiae at 30°C after 72 hours of incubation having pH of about 4.0. 
...
 
 ANSA KHALID, UZMA HAMEED* AND IKRAM-UL-HAQ 
...t product, with numerous applications in many industries such as food, medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics. In the current study, dextransucrase producing microorganisms were separated from different vegetables, fruits, and milk samples collected from the local market of Lahore, Pakistan. Sucrose-based medium, supplemented with vancomycin and tetracycline, was used for the selective growth of Leuconostoc species. The obtained isolates were screened b...
 
 ANSA KHALID, UZMA HAMEED* AND IKRAM-UL-HAQ 
...t product, with numerous applications in many industries such as food, medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics. In the current study, dextransucrase producing microorganisms were separated from different vegetables, fruits, and milk samples collected from the local market of Lahore, Pakistan. Sucrose-based medium, supplemented with vancomycin and tetracycline, was used for the selective growth of Leuconostoc species. The obtained isolates were screened b...

Riko Noviadi, Dwi Desmiyeni Putri, Gusma Gama Maradon*, Agung Adi Candra, Nani Irwani, Gadis Apriani, Made Guntur Candra Adinata, I Made Krisnanda

...roduction costs with the application of as much as 11.25% in broiler rations. The oven-drying (P2) can improve the water quality, roasting (P3) can increase metabolic energy, and hot water scalding (P4) can reduce production costs and has economic value by analysis results price BEP of Rp. 25,645.35, Product BEP of 21.38 kg, IOFC of Rp. 734,032.90, R/C value of 1.44, and B/C value of 0.44.
 
Keywords | Economic, Maggot, Metabolic, ...

Yusmarini Yusuf*, Usman Pato*, Shanti Fitriani, Emma Riftyan, Evy Rossi, Diky Arma Fauzi, Ghina Ismadiah, Miftahul Hidayah, Windy Sabiliani

... results showed that the application of various preservatives might impact the quality of fishballs during the first 30 days of frozen storage. Even though the chemical and sensory parameters of fish meatballs without preservatives that were kept at freezing temperatures showed the count of microorganisms that had exceeded the quality standard on the early 30th day, they were still comparable to those preserved with nitrite, chitosan, and bacteriocin preservat...
Heavy metals (HMs) are harmful and lethal at negligible levels and non-biodegradable in the typical ecosystem and constitutes animal, human and environmental hazards. They are divided into toxic metals like Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, etc. and essential elements like copper, zinc, manganese, iron, nickel and chromium. Additionally, could be categorized into two groups based on the natural and anthropogenic sources releasing origins. Population and industrial expansion led to food contamination with HMs. Poisonous metals can be transferred from irrigation water to agricultural soils, agricultural operations, air pollution, animal feed, and packaging materials. Toxic metals are non-biodegradable, non-thermos degradable, and exceedingly stable in the ecosystem; as a result, they quickly build in various foods. Metal pollution of many foods, including agricultural commodities, and animal protein sources such as fish, milk, meat, and eggs, poses a hazard to food safety and security. Toxic metal pollution of irrigation water, agricultural soils, plants, and animals result in their integration into the food chain, posing a health hazard to humans. Most metals are harmful to animals and humans and accumulate in several organs like the skeleton, hepatic tissue, spleen, and renal tissues. Metals have a deleterious impact on the production of plants and animals. As a result, several remediation strategies have become necessary to limit the hazardous HMs pathway into the food chain and the human body. Metal nanoparticles are employed in beneficial applications, although they are associated with specific hazards.
 
Keywords | Food contamination, Heavy metals, Nanoparticles, Pollution sources, Remedy, Soil contamination
...e employed in beneficial applications, although they are associated with specific hazards.
 
Keywords | Food contamination, Heavy metals, Nanoparticles, Pollution sources, Remedy, Soil contamination
...

Ijaz Haider1,2*, Muhammad Riaz2, Sikandar Ali2, Qurban Ali1, Ali Noman3, Dilbar Hussain1, Imran Nadeem1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Aqsa Abbas1, Asad Aslam1, Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa2, Ejaz Ul Hassan2, Muhammad Zubair2, Muhammad Saleem1 and Muhammad Kamil Malik1

...ter 72 hrs. of treatment application. After 7 days maximum reduction 83.43% was observed in Flonicamid+SA followed by 69.02 % in Diafenthiuron+SA, 77.76% in Flonicamid, 66.37% in Diafenthiuron and lowest 21.97% recorded in SA treatment. In SA treatments population of rove beetle, green lace wing and spiders was significantly higher as compared to other treatments. It is evident from the results that SA has enhanced plant resistance against whitefly and thus re...

Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Asif1, Amjed Ali1, Ahsan Aziz1, Naeem Akhtar2, Muhammad Shahid Gulrez1 and Waqas Raza3*

...ntegrated boron and zinc application on canola’s (Brassica juncea) growth, quality and yield, a field trial was performed at research farm, Agriculture College, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan during winter season 2020-21. Treatments comprised of three B (0, 1, and 2 kg ha-1) and three Zn (0, 8, and 10 kg ha-1) levels and their all-possible combinations as their basal application to soil as boric acid and ZnSO...

Shaimaa M. Ahmed1, Gehan M.A. Kassem1*, Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez2, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem1 

Mostafa Mohamed Attia Hammam, Moawad Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed* and Mahfouz Mohamed Mostafa Abd-Elgawad

...or the economic and safe application of biological pest control. Applying the chemical (oxamyl) or biological (Nemaless) nematicide is justified for M. arenaria control but Nemaless is less costly. Growers should be familiar with these biologicals to boost their use while offering economic and safe control of the nematodes. Cultural practices such as weed control should be strictly utilized for RKN control.

...

Usama Saleem1, Muhammad Asrar1*, Dilbar Hussain2, Saddam Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar2, Hassan Usman1, Muhammad Imran1, Mubshar Saleem3 and Maryam Hamid1

... and 168 hours after the application of plant extracts and insecticides. Maximum mortality recorded after 168 hours was, 85.06% and 79.29% by Neem and Eucalyptus leaf extract followed by 72 hours 72.29% and 71.69%, 48 hours 63.35% and 62.45% and 24 hours 48.91% and 48.68% respectively. Among the botanical extracts, Neem leaf extract was more effective as compared to the Eucalyptus leaf extract and a significant difference between the treated and control plot w...

Muhammad Ismail1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2, Zarina Qasim3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*

...t is based on integrated application of all available pest control methods with minimum implication of hazardous synthetic insecticides. In this study, five treatments including field sanitation (T1), pheromone-based attract and kill strategy (T2), protein-based bait method (T3), combination of all three methods (T4) and control (T5) were evaluated against B. dorsalis infestation in citrus during 2015 and 2016. Data of percent infested fallen fruits, percent p...

Riaz Hussain2*, Adnan Ihsan1*, Waqar Khan1, Shiraz Malik1, Hamza Jameel1, Hidayat Ullah3, Shahab Ahmad4, Jawad Anwar5 and Murad Ali6

...d 14 days of 1st and 2nd application the minimum means density of aphids were recorded in plot treated with Eucalpytus leaves (8.33, 4.66) and (5, 3) respectively and followed by Garlic fresh cloves (13, 11). After 2nd spray followed by green chili (12.66) and chinaberry (11). After 7 and 14 days maximum mean density of aphids after 1st and 2nd spray application (14, 16) and (19, 17) were observed in control plot. The highes...

Adel B. Salama and Reham M. Sabry*

...eed yield for industrial applications.
...

Meng Wang, Dongliang Zhou, Huixia Li, Chunqin Wu,Yan Zhao and Houqiang Luo*

...summarizes its potential applications and existing issues. Presently we have not elucidated the specific pathogenic mechanism of this system, thus the intensive study is significant.

...

Faiza Siddique1, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Rana Arsalan Javaid1, Alvina Hanif1, Maria Rabnawaz1, Muhammad Arshad2, Irum Raza3 and Abid Majeed1*

..., 15 and 20% through the application of Polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). To carry out experimentation, carried out it following completely randomized design. Germination was found to be negatively associated with stress level as germination was 100% in the control and 0% in the highest stress level (20% PEG). All attributes examined were shown to differ significantly across all levels of drought stress. For treatment, traits such as germination rate, emergence ...

Muhammad Hasnain1, Qudsia Nazir2, Ifra Saleem2*, Syed Shahid Hussain Shah1, Muhammad Asif Ali1 and Noor ul Ain3

...early indicated that the application of EZU showed improved Zn concentration significantly in rice grains, which were maximum (66.8%) and minimum (55.3%) increase was in rice observed as compared to where no (Zn) was applied (in control) at Faisalabad and Chiniot (FSD and CHT), respectively. EZU also showed improved results of Zn contents in grains as compare to the treatment where ZnSO4 and urea was applied separately. On the other hand, with

Abid Hussain1*, Hassnain Shah1, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal2 and Tariq Sultan3

... citrus fruits and their application for off-season vegetables, use of Biozote for wheat crop, and Pak Seeder technology for sowing wheat crop by zero-till method. Keeping this in view, economic viabilities of these technologies have been determined through marginal analysis. Unfortunately, Pak-seeder technology could not be demonstrated effectively due to few institutional and technical limitations. Thus, technical issues in its manufacturing as well as its u...

Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Adnan3, Sami Ullah3 and Nawab Khan4

... competent in fertilizer application (mean 3.80), sowing (mean 3.76) and irrigation (mean 3.74). At other hand, the AOs were found more competent in sowing and fertilizer application (mean 4.07). Both FAs and AOs were observed technically least competent in weeds control, insects/pests identification and their control. Findings of this study recommend that the EFS should be enabled technically more competent in all spheres b...

Muhammad Usman Shafi1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1*, Tiyyabah Khan2, Waheed Anwar2, Adnan Akhter2 and Muhammad Zubair3

...96% took showering after application. Most of the respondents (96%) did not use any protection during mixing of pesticide solution and 94% respondents did not during applying. Forty-nine percent respondents disposed left over pesticide solution on ground and 67% used for different purposes until finished. This study revealed lack of knowledge about pesticide use, storage, disposal, LKS, IPM and PPE. Farmers training regarding pesticide usage are necessary to e...

Mohamed Adam1*, Hassan Sobhy2, Mohamed Abouzid3, Dalia Elhafny4 and El-Desouki Ibrahim5

...er two months from their application in 2016. The same trend in the control potential for each treatment was also obtained in 2017 experiment. The residues of ethoprophos and fenamiphos in leaves and fruits were not detected during the whole experiment. The amounts of ethoprophos and fenamiphos decreased from zero to 5 days from (4.88 to 3.61 ppm) and (15.25 to 7.31 ppm) with loss of 26.02% and 47.93 %, respectively. For all tested products, no impacts on Chlo...

Mati Ullah1*, Muhammad Rizwan2, Ali Raza3, Xianlin Zhao4, Yanling Sun4, Sarah Gul5, Muhammad Ihtesham Waheed6, Muhammad Nadeem Khan7, Alvina Gul8, Sami Ullah Jan9* and Chao Huang4*

...rcial and applied health applications. In the present study, we comparatively analysed the genomes of three strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, Lactobacillus casei L9, and Lactobacillus paracasei W56) of LCG isolated from traditional yogurt samples using the next-generation sequencing approach. The GC contents of the characterized strains were in the range of 46.03 to 46.52% while the protein-coding sequences (CDS) were in the range of 2544 to 2888. T...

Yaman Saad Fadhil

...er extract has potential application as a food ingredient in poultry meat.

...

Yanping Li, Fei Xu, Yongming Wang*, Yunyun Lv, Jinrong Shi, Biwen Xie, Wenyao Cai and Dian Liu

... diversity and potential application of hybrid strategy of S. superciliaris and S. reevesae, and the population genetic information supplied here will provide valuable resources for breeding, germplasm resources preservation and conservation genetics of these two loaches.

...

Muhammad Salman Ikram1, Tahir Mehmood1,2*, Sehrish Firyal3, Huma Sattar4, Shagufta Saeed3, Fareeha Nadeem3 and Muhammad Imran Mahmood Khan5

...kers and their different application in forensic like significance of population genetics and genealogical pattern of Y-chromosome STRs diversity in different regions of world which helps to understand the pattern of variation in DNA within and between species, importance of Y-STR in relation of its haplotype diversity and frequencies among different population, role of paternal lineages identification which helps to determine the mutation rate of Y-STR and it...

Muhammad Adeel Farooq1, Shaukat Ali1*, Ali Hassan1, Rida Sulayman1, Muhammad Ahsan Kaleem2, Hafsa Shahzad1, Muhammad Summer1, Arooj Latif1, Tahreem Tanveer1

... commercial and research applications. Due to the high market demand for α-amylase, the production of this enzyme was increased in the current study employing a mutation in wild strains. To reduce costs, less expensive agro-wastes were used, such as soybean meal, wheat bran, apple peels, rice husk, and cucumber peels. The mutant strains of Bacillus subtilis (BSAA-5 to BSAA-40) and Bacillus licheniformis (BLAA-5 to BLAA-40) were prepared by exposure to UV...

Farha Deba1, Rubina Nelofer2 and Muhammad Irfan1*

...technologies prospective applications like in hydrolysis of keratin-containing substrate. Recently, it has been extremely beneficial and a major priority to use microorganisms for the enzymatic destruction of keratin waste material rather of various conventional procedures that are expensive and not ecologically friendly.
 
Novelty Statement | The study reports proteolytic/keratinolytic bacteria for the first time from abattoir&nbs...

Zia Gul1, Muhammad Sajid1, Muhammad Noman Khan1*, Faheem ul Haq1, Zohra Nawaz1, Muhammad Bakhtiar2, Sajid Siddique1, Komal Aslam3 and Muhammad Irshad1

...ver, poultry manure (PM) application with 15 days irrigation interval significantly increased number of leaves (11.7) plant-1, plant height (43.3 cm), leaf length (46.3 cm), leaf area (270.6 cm2), leaf breadth (5.2 cm), leaf thickness (4.0 cm), leaf weight (227.3 g), amount of gel (189.3 g) leaf-1. Results showed that poultry manure (PM) could be applied with irrigation interval of 15 days to enhance growth and gel percentage of Aloe vera under the agro-climat...

Li Qiao*, Shubao Geng, Shibao Guo, Hongmin Liu, Jian Yin and Quan Zhang

...e for in-depth study and application of light in the prevention and control of tea garden.

...

Mohamed Mahrous Amer1*, Hanaa Sayed Fedawy2, Hoda Mohamed Mekky2, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi2, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila2

...nt practices, as well as application of probiotics to improve and restore good gut health.
 
Keywords | Cellulitis, Experimental infection, Broiler chickens, Clinical signs, Pathological lesion, Control, Colistin, Doxycycline, Hematology, Bacterial diseases
...

Sumei Zeng and Yong Zhang*

...hnology has a variety of applications in the economic productivity of the livestock and poultry industry. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank IOT applications in dairy cattle industry productivity with a multi-criteria decision making approach and using the Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method. Evaluation indicators were selected by theme analysis method based on the opinion of managers working in in...

Chen Zhao, Lulu Ding, Ying Ye, Congying Kou, Haoran Xiao, Jing Zhu and Jicang Wang*

...l basis for the clinical application of Nar.

...

Muhammad Noman Khan* and Ghulam Nabi

... sources and its time of application significantly affected various attributes of sweet lime. Among different sources, KNO3 was more effective in increasing leaf chlorophyll content (46.47 mg g-1 FW), leaf area shoot-1 (135.29 cm2), fruit weight (85.64 g) number of fruits tree-1 (808.75) and fruit yield tree-1 (69.48 kg). Potassium sulfate application decreased days to full bloom (33.58). Whereas the

Reza Esmaealzade Dizaji1, Arasb Dabbagh Moghaddam1*, Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi2, Mohamad Foad Heydari3, Seyyed Javad Hosseini Shokouh4 and Ana Shirzad Shahrivar5

...">In this study, topical application of bioactive nano-glass fibers (BNF) loaded with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was used to examine the effects on a second-degree heat wound and the healing process’ sub-streaming molecular route for re-epithelialization. Model (deep second-degree thermal wound), PRP, and PRP/BNF groups were each randomly assigned a set of animals. Wounds were monitored daily for many days following therapy to see how they were healing. ...

Azza M. El-Kattawy1, Tarek Abou Zed1, Randa Megahed1 and Mohammed El-Magd2*

...anges that accompany the application of Sim as anti-arthritic in a mouse model of pristane-induced arthritis. Female Swiss albino mice (20-30g) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n= 10/group): control, Sim control, pristane-induced arthritis, Sim co-treated, and Sim post-treated group. Sim treatment significantly 1) downregulated the expression of immunomodulatory genes [interferon gamma (IFNγ) and lactoferrin (LF)], 2) decreased the expression of infl...

Mehran Ali* and Inamullah

... explored under AM fungi application. Regarding P sources, co-application of SSP and PM in 50:50 ratio, performed comparatively better than the rest of the sources under consideration in field trials. Conclusively, the combined application of SSP and PM at the rate of 60 kg ha-1 along with AM fungi incorporation provides an edge over the conventional use of synthetic P fertilizer. Moreover...

Jialing Zhang1, Yan Ma2, Lili Lian3 and Min Wei1*

...y was to investigate the application effect of GnRH-a and gestrinone and nursing after severe endometriosis operation, looking at the long-term efficacy in preventing endometriosis recurrence and fertility outcomes. This study included 180 patients with severe endometriosis who were treated in our hospital. They were divided into the study group receiving GnRH-a treatment alone and the reference group receiving GnRH-a and gestrinone treatment. Patients in the ...

Shaista Ilyas1, Safdar Ali1, Amer Habib1, Misbah Ali1,2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan3*, Yasir Iftikhar3, Muhammad Usman Ghani4,5 and Muhammad Umair1

...ld be concluded that the application of nutrients alone and in combination caused significant reduction in disease severity and enhanced the plant growth. 

...

Tahir Abbas Khan1*, Imran Ashraf1*, Athar Mahmood1, Muhammad Ilyas2, Sardar Alam Cheema1, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal3 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

...9 t ha-1) was noted with application of 80 kg/ha P and lowest plant height (174.39 cm), LPP (10.09), cob weight (0.187 kg), cob length (11.99 cm), grains/cob (300), TGW (181.67 g) and GY (4.31 t ha-1) was recorded in control. Similarly, among cultivars maximum plant height (201.11 cm), LPP (12.86), cob weight (0.217 kg), cob length (17.32 cm), grains/cob (417.67), TGW (263.33 g) and GY (6.17 t ha-1) and minimum plant height (172.11 cm), LPP (10.50), cob length...

Muhammad Hasnain1*, Ghulam Mustafa2, Asif-ur-Rehman3, Ali Raza4, Abrar Ahmad4, Taj Muhammad4, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid4, Umair Faheem5, Muhammad Shahid4, Muhammad Akram4 and Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5

... pre-harvest amino acids application on the postharvest life of mangoes cv. ‘Rataul No. 12’ was done. The effect of amino acids on mango cultivar ‘Rataul No. 12’ with the objective of studying and improving fruit retention, yield, or qualitative and quantitative changes in physio-chemical characteristics during ripening. The impact of spraying amino acids on fruit retention at various fruiting stages i.e., pea, marble, egg, at matures s...

Nadeem Akmal1, Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Yousaf2, Waqar Akhtar1 and Hassnain Shah1

...rrigation and fertilizer application levels for mechanically transplanted crop.

...

Fatima Ali1*, Rimsha Tahir1 and Tahir Rehman Samiullah2

...to a major extent by the application of honey+3% NAC dressing. The results revealed the improved wound healing potential of honey+3% NAC dressing. It can be concluded that beneficial effects of honey in combination with NAC accelerated wound healing in rats by enhancing proliferation, mobilization and angiogenesis at wound site.

...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Jamshaid Iqbal2, Tariq Mustafa3, Gul Rehman2, Muhammad Faisal Shahzad2, Muhammad Younas4,5*, Aftab Ahmad Khan6, Ameer Hamza2, Abdul Ghaffar1 and Muneer Abbas1

...ds was influenced by the applications of different concentrations of EPFs. Overall, B. bassiana at 7.5 % concentration significantly increased the yield to 1018.9 kg per hectare than the other tested EPFs. B. bassiana was a potential candidate for thrips management in mung bean and had a significant impact on the total return. Consequently, the EPF, B. bassiana, may potentially be incorporated into the Mung bean thrips IPM program. 

...

Momina Raheem1, Muhammad Fiaz2*, Muhammad Mushtaq1, Umana Niazi1, Evelyn Saba3 and Mansoor Abdullah3

... in nutritional and food applications. This dietary supplementation level in grazing ewes can also trigger better birth weight and survival rate in newly born lambs.

...

Azam Khurshid1*, Jawad Sarwar1, Kamran Sohail1, Hafiz Muhammad Faisal Ayub2, Farooq Muhammad1, Fida Muhammad Khan3 and Adnan Ihsan1

... after 1st and 2nd spray application, was observed in plots treated with lambda-cyhalothrin (2.65 and 2.20) followed by (bakain leaf extract + neem seed extract) (3.67 and 2.74) and the maximum number of whitefly plant-1 were recorded in control (5.60 and 5.38). Similarly minimum number of jassid plant-1 after 1st and 2nd spray application was observed in plots treated with lambda-cyhalothrin (3.45 and 2.47), followed by bak...
FARZANA SIDDIQUE*1, NAZIMA FIRDOSE2, MUHAMMAD ARSHAD2, WARDAH HASSAN2
& SHAFAAT YAR KHAN2
...ation through pesticides application. For this purpose, raw cow
milk samples from citrus plantation zone in district Sargodha were
collected and analyzed for the presence of deltamethrin and malathion
pesticides using HPLC technique. Results showed that 100 % of milk
samples were contaminated with pesticide residues. Maximum
concentration of malathion (0.72±0.02 μg/kg) and deltamethrin (0.75...
Fariha Javaid1*, Zahoor Qadir Samra1, Madeeha Shahzad Lodhi1,2, Aroosha Hussain1 and Gulnaz Pervaiz1
...cal and biotechnological applications. The isolation and purification cost of the enzyme is highest, so there is a need to develop cost-effective purification methods. This research work aims to purify BRM by using magnetic nanoparticles. After purification, BRM enzyme was characterized and utilized in the detergent industry due to its stability at a wide range of pH and temperature; results showed that stem BRM has the highest enzyme activity at 23.5 U/ml as ...

Getulio A. Barcenas Jr.1* and Luisa Marie I. Barcenas2 

...nt responses wherein the application of GA3 resulted in the longest vine length at the two-leaf stage (3.24 m) and enhanced the staminate flower production. Ethrel enhanced pistillate flower tendency and improves yield when applied at cotyledon stage. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) showed the shortest vine length (1.49 m) at the two-leaf stage and improved pistillate flower production. BAP application enhanced yield and fruit developme...

Aamir Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Farooq Bhatti, Muhammad Summer and Ali Haidar Gormani

Iftikhar Ahmad1, Tahir Saeed1, Umair Faheem2*, Qaisar Abbas2, Muhammad Saleem Akhtar Khan3, Mussurrat Hussain2, Tanveer Ahmad4, Gulzar Akhtar4, Asifa Hameed5, Muhammad Hasnain6 and Muhammad Jamil7

...on jasmine flower before application of insecticides and thrips mortality data was noted after 24, 72 and 168 hours of insecticides spray. The maximum mortality of thrips was recorded in Imidacloprid+fipronil (68.45%) and Spinosad (65.45%) after 24 hours of insecticides spray. The lowest mortality of thrips was counted in abamectin and imidacloprid. Population of thrips was reduced after 72 and 168 hours as compared to 24 hours after insecticides spray. It is ...

Siddique Ahmad1*, Basit Ullah1, Sajid Ali2, Ali Zaid1, Zeeshan Ahmad3, Muhammad Usaid1, Muhammad Zeeshan1 and Saif Ullah3

...er (Urea) along with the application of bio-aab (beneficial microbes) on the wheat crop at the Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan, during 2020-2021. Two separate experiments were conducted (with and without bio-aab) in Randomized Complete Block Design each consisted of 10 treatments. Bio-aab treatments are T1: Poultry manure (PM) + 80 kg N + bioabb, T2: PM + 120 kg N + bio-aab, T3: PM + 160 kg N + bio-aab, T4: Farm yard man...

Sona Salem El-Nwehy1*, Assem Abbas Mohammed El-Naggar2 and Adel Badr El-Nasharty1

...ion. Biofertilizer (EM1) applications combined with NPK had a substantial impact on enhancement of the characteristics of vegetative growth which investigated, flower and corm characteristics, Photosynthetic pigments in leaves, and nutrient content compared to the control. Plants fertilized with 2% EM1 in combination with either 75 percent or 100 percent NPK exhibited similar benefits, according to the findings in obtaining the highest percentage of increase, ...

Mahfouz M.M. Abd-Elgawad 

...fit the intended goal of application, related modifications to derive more accurate and appropriate conclusions for nematode management are reviewed in this study. For instance, iteration improved sample size of Meliodogyne incognita to be 389 instead of 402 using the same assumptions of sampling accuracy and nematode density in both cases. Also, alternative analyses to help decision-maker in affording proper nematode-management schemes are suggested. Although...

Imtiaz Khan1*, Abdullah1, Muhammad Ibrahim1, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan1, Saima Hashim1, Shomayela Afzal2 and Khalid Nawab3 

...y (m-2) before and after application, fresh and dry weight (m-2) of A. tenuifolius Cav., plant height (cm), number of nodes and branches plant-1, leaf area index (LAI), number of pods plant-1, number of grains pod-1, 500 seed weight (g), biological yield (kgha-1), grain yield (kgha-1) and cost benefit ratio (%).The data analysis revealed that the herbicide Pendimethalin showed the lowest A. tenuifolius Cav. density (6.10 m-2), fresh weight (1.30 kgm-2) and dry...

Sabi Ur Rehman1*, Laiba Arshad1, Saman Ali1, Shazma Massey2, Safeer Khan3, Abdul Samad4 and Fazal-Ur-Rehman5

...lighting their potential applications in combating bacterial infections. These findings underscore the significance of green synthesis methods in nanoparticle production and their potential roles in various fields, including medicine and biotechnology.

...

Muhammad Luqman1*, Muhammad Talha Shoaib1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Umair Safdar2 and Hassan Raza2

...nsequences of pesticides applications on human health and environment in district Sargodha. A cross sectional survey method using convenient sampling was adopted for this research and data was collected from 300 respondents with the help of structured interview schedule. The results revealed that all the respondents (100%) considered ‘enhance farm production’, ‘control of insect/pest’ and ‘weed eradication’ as major factors ...

Sara H. Zughayyar*, Amer H. Gyad 

...er research for clinical applications. 

...
Hina Mumtaz, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Arshad, Arif Mehmood and Muhammad Qasim
...00% mortality at 48 h of application. The medium dose rate of abamectin (4000 ppm) and chlorantraniliprole (600 ppm) also showed 100% larval mortality at 48 h of application. In semi-field and field conditions, chlorantraniliprole showed 100% larval mortality at 48 h, while abamectin and chlorpyrifos showed 87–89% and 94–81% larval mortality respectively in semi-field to field conditions after 72 h of

Yu Song1*, Yueping Wei2 and Peng Wang3

...idance for the practical application of this co-culture system.

...
Amany M. Reyad1*, Aya Maher Rabie1, Reda Mohamed Taha1 and Khalid El-Dougdoug2
... therapy has a potential application for replacing antibiotics and other means used for meat sterilization. 

...
Morcos Ibrahim Yanni1* and Eid Elsaid Abdelaziz2
...ity of their source. The application of strict quarantine measures on imported rabies vaccinated pets in addition to prospective studies on the pathogenicity of local circulating isolates regarding the N and P genes are strongly recommended in the control strategy.
...

Aleena Kokab1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Wasim Shehzad2, Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Sohail Raza1 and Rida Haroon Durrani1

... broader window of their application throughout the food chain. On chicken breast cuts, phage mix efficiently supported sustained (3 days) bacterial reduction of 1.47 log units and 2.72 log units at MOI 100 and 10,000, respectively with greater MOI providing greater reduction. For standardizing the use of bacteriophages, physiological characterization is a crucial constraint. Owing to the strong lytic regime and spectrum, bacteriophages proved to be ideal for ...

Rahmat Elahi1, Gulnaz Parveen1*, Nazara1, Faryal Ali2, Nain Tara3 and Saba Iqbal1

... for future research and application in agricultural practices to ensure the seed safety.

...

Daniel Offiong Etim1*, Idorenyin Asukwo Udo2, Rosemary Anietie Bassey1, Victoria Barrong Ogar1 and Etim John Umana1

...ulation more than single application. The combination of T. viride at 2.65 x 107 spores/ml or T. harzianum 2.40 x 107 spores/ml with 20 t/ha poultry manure produced okra with the least GI (2.00). The combination of Trichoderma species with poultry manure significantly (P<0.05) enhanced growth, dry matter accumulation and fresh pod yield. 

...

Abdul Aleem Memon1*, Inayatullah Rajpar2, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2, Javaid Ahmed Shah3

...ared to the control, SoP application resulted in greater growth parameters, followed by MoP. Further K treatment also increased in K content in shoots and leaf chlorophyll concentration. The shoot K content was increased by 31.14% with SoP and 13.92% with MoP, and chlorophyll concentration by 24.52% with SoP, and 12.06% with MoP compared with the control. The findings concluded that under calcareous soil conditions, K fertilization either in the form of SoP or...
Hagag, N.M.*•, Arafa, A.*; Shalaby, M. A. ** El-Sanousi, A. A. **and Aly, M. M. 

Bakr3 *, Youssef M.; Nour El-Din3, Hanan A.; Abd EL-Wahed2, Waiel F. and Hemeidal , Aläa A.

Nassarl , Entsar A.; El-Dougdoug , Kh. A.; Osmanl , M.E; Dawoud3, Rehab
A. and Kinawy l , Aliaa H.*
...cropropagated shoots via application of 20 mg/l virazole followed by thermotherapy at 380C for two weeks and early screening to facilitate the efficient production of virus free tissue culture derived propagules using the produced antiserum against TMV-Ch-EG.

...

Aboud*, K. A; Gomaa**, Hanaa H. A.; El—Taholowy***, Mohage, A. and El - Sugher**, S.

...esults demonstrated that application of 10,20,30,40 mg/L thiouracil in vitro gave an 85,72,35,20  survival and 60, 83, 91 and 95.5% BBTV-free plantlets ,respectively. Furthermore, the obtained virus free micropropagated plantlets were subjected to DAS-ELISA detection. Tissue culture-derived genetic stability banana plants and virus tested plants were screened by RAPD- PCR. Only two RAPD primers (among 10 tested) were chosen as producing polymorphic DNA ba...

Khamiss l , Omaima; El Helaly , Alexandra and Abol Ela 3, Said

...minutes to 24 hours post application. The concentrations of 104, 10-5 and 10-7 PEG which '.vere selected by the screening test were the most effective concentrations on increasing cell numbers respectively but the concentration of 104 was the most effective comparing with the untreated control. All concentrations from 10-3 to I o-9 supported cell growth rate more than control non-treated cells. PEG concentrations froml to 10 proves that PEG improve the cell pr...

El.-Kadyl, M.A.S; Badr2, A.B.; zein3, Saiwa N. and Khalifa4, M.A.A.

...treated plants: Actellic application gave superior results (46.7%) in decreasing the infection percentage followed by either Sumithion or K.Z. oil (55.0%), whereas Potassium Soap spray gave infection percentage of 60.0% followed by Bio-fly (61.7%). Moreover Supper Royal treatment gave the lower effect in the percentage of virus infected plants (63.3%). Although, actellic treatment produced a higher yield as well as a higher weight of fruit followed by Sumithio...
Arafa, A ; El-Kanawaty, Z; Hassan, M.K; Anwar, H.K  and  Mona M.Aly 
 
...e vaccinated birds after application of H5Nl vaccine for the first time one month after the introduction of early outbreaks of 2006. Viral diagnosis was based on direct detection of viral RNA by real time PCR. Two positive cases from turkey and Grocer duck were processed for viral isolation and characterization. The level of antibodies was detected in vaccinated birds by HI test and the results were discussed to evaluate the role of vaccination in controlling ...

Nahariah Nahariah1*, Hikmah Hikmah1, Faridah N. Yuliati1, Endah Murpiningrum1, Abdul W. Jamaluddin2, Titis S. Kusuma3, Andi Febyana4, Kartina Kartina1

...We aimed to identify the application of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae levels with different fermentation times in egg yolks to the functional and physicochemical characteristics of egg yolks. This research was conducted using a 3 x 3 factorial Completely Randomized Design with 5 replications. Factor A was the fermentation times (hours) 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Factor B was the fermentation level (%) of yeast was 10, 20, and 30, respectively. Parameters meas...

M. Tariq Mushtaq1, Faisal Manzoor1, M. Ishtiaq1*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Muqarrab Ali2, M. Akram3, M. Rafiq Shahid3 and Saleem Riaz1

...rid (71.03%). Therefore, application of insecticide mixtures reduced population of spiders, green lacewing and pirate bugs population as compared with control (untreated plot). Almost all combinations were effective as compared to control treatments even at half doses. So, these insecticides could be applied in rotation with each other to reduce insecticides resistance and combined attack of whitefly and jassid. However, it is recommended that integrated pest ...

Saddam Hummadi1, Nadia Al-Falahi2* 

...ging without any topical application. In SIS hydrogel group (GII), the infected wounds were treated by application of SIS hydrogel after wound management. In SIS hydrogel-AgNPs composite group (GIII), the infected wounds were treated by application of composition of SIS hydrogel and AgNPs after wound management. The wound healing was assessed clinically macroscopically by measurement of wo...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar* and Jawad Hussain

...ling the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in veterinary medicine and infectious diseases (viral, bacterial, and parasitic), in contrast to the heavily regulated field of the development of medical devices (which include AI) in human medicine. When introducing such potent technology that might affect the welfare of both humans and animals, we must acknowledge the significance of exercising prudence and accountability. As veterin...
Syed Roohullah Jan1, Kareem Akhtar2*, Uroosa1, Muhammad Zeeshan Zahir3, Abdul Shakoor4
 
... commonly used in dental applications for cavity filling. However, Mercury is health hazardous. In the present study coating of Ag-Sn-Cu is achieved through cold spray without adding mercury. The particle size and morphology of Ag-Sn-Cu powder are studied, before and after coatings. Hardness tests are carried out to determine surface hardness before and after the coatings. This study reveals that uniform composite coating of Ag-Sn-Cu can be achieved without Me...

Pedro Nunes1*, José Teixeira1,2, José Luís Mourão1,2,3, Divanildo Monteiro1,2,3, Victor Pinheiro1,2,3

... expanding the potential applications of these by-products. This study aimed to assess the effects of incorporating Exhausted Olive Cake (EOC) into commercial rabbit diets on zootechnical performance, carcass characteristics, and visceral development. To achieve this, a total of 60 hybrid rabbits (New Zealand x Californian) were employed. Three distinct diets were formulated, progressively substituting alfalfa with EOC at levels of 0%, 5%, and 10%. Zootechnica...

Sudeb Saha1,2*, Jay Prakash Ray3, Apurbo Kumar Mondal4, Md. Irtija Ahsan5, Marina Debnath6, Dilruba Afrin7, Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed5, Jayanta Datta Gupta3, Nivedita Datta8, Hugo O. Toledo-Alvarado9, Haruki Kitazawa1

...ure the effectiveness of application of a probiotic (Bacillus coagulans MTCC 25250) feed additive in subclinical mastitis cows on improvement of body condition, blood parameters, milk yields and milk composition apart from mitigation of the disease. A total of 20 subclinical mastitis cows were randomly assigned into four groups with various probiotic doses comprising T1 (15 g/d/cow), T2 (30 g/d/cow), T3 (45 g/d/cow) and control (without probiotic) in a trial o...

Siqiang Li1,2, Tiantian Wang1, Peng Sun1, Airong Gao1, Xin Gong1, Yuanhong Xu2, Baogen Wang2, Jun Wu1* and Bo Liu1*

...d the foundation for the application of MDS I in future glycol-engineering research.

...
Pratap A. Divekar1,2*, Sampat K Patel2, Guru Pirasanna Pandi G3, Manimurugan C2,4, Vikas Singh2 and Jagdish Singh1
...ny treatment after spray application. Chlorpyriphos, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and flubendiamide were found adverse to natural enemies. Thus, spinetoram, spinosad, emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole are recommended to manage DBM and CB on rotational basis in the cabbage ecosystem.

...

Shakir Ullah1*, Lubna Shakir2, Ghani Subhan3 and Mohammad Sohail4

...d that irrigation regime applications had a significant effect on most of the traits except the weight of the plant. The pod full stage is more affected by the drought than other stages on most of the parameters tested. Irrigation regimes at pod full stage reduced the number of pods plant-1 by 38.4% and 26.0%, the weight of pods plant-1 by 23.7% and 53.6%, the number of seeds plant-1 by 29.0% and 28.8%, seeds weight plant-1 by 17.2% and 38.8%, 100-seeds weight...

Ahmed K. Fahd*, Ali H. Saliem

...cid, the 3rd examined by application 10 μl of 2% formalin solution and the 4th was examined by the tail-flick test. Within each experiment, the study mice were subdivided equally into three subgroups; the 1st was administered only distilled water (control), the 2nd was drenched with apigenin (50 mg/Kg B.W.) orally, and the 3rd was drenched only diclofenac (0.71 mg/kg B.W). The hot plate’s outcomes showed that the animals treated with apigenin signific...
Sijie Jian1,2,3,4, Wei Sun1,3, Jia Chao1,2, Na Rong1,4, Xiang Liu1,2,3,4* and Chen Chen1,2,3,4*
...hydrophila has potential applications in fish vaccines. Slp bioinformatics analysis showed that anti-Slp serum might provide cross-protection to resist bacterial infection in fish. Slp was obtained by molecular cloning, expression and purification, and the expression conditions were optimized. In mice immunized with Slp, the immune-related factors of LZM and AKP were enhanced (p < 0.05), and a specific antiserum titer (1: 3200) was obtained that had immune ...

Kunlayaphat Wuthijaree1, Pattaraporn Tatsapong1, Sukanya Yung-Rahang2, Prayad Thirawong2, Koonphol Pongmanee2*

...l tracts. The R software application was used to compute and assess all descriptive and analytical statistics. Based on post-mortem examination of the gastrointestinal tracts, the helminths identified, three nematode species (Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria spp.), and cestodes and trematodes were found. Overall, the total prevalence of helminth infection was 79.9% (183/229), of which most were nematodes (72.1%), with a mean (± standard...

Zaryab Murad1*, Sobia Bibi1, Shehr e Yar Ahmad1, Mohsin Ali Khan1, Rimsha Sadaf2, Mauz ul Haq1, Umair Manan1 and Muhammad Younas2

...ed from control to 4% BC application (4.9 and 4 g/pot to 10 and 20 g/pot), organic matter, soil N, P and K were also improved from control to 4% BC application (0.4 and 0.02%, 2.1 and 58 g/pot to 0.7 and 0.03%, 5 and 83 mg/kg). Aside these the application of BC at 4% incredibly decreased the concentration of Cd in soil thus reduced their uptake and accumulation in rice plants as AB-DTPA ex...

Sandriana J Nendissa1,2, Meta Mahendradatta3, Zainal3, Februadi Bastian3

...FU/g. In conclusion, the application of tannin extract from Tomi-tomi fruit in tuna fish meatballs proved to be effective during a 14-hour storage period.
 
Keywords | Extract, Fish tuna, Meatball, Preservation, Tomi-tomi fruit
...

Kashif Abdaal, Aneeza Batool, Muhammad Tariq Navid*, Saeed Ahmed, Asma Saleem Qazi, Waseem Safdar, Haidar Ali, Mobeen Ur Rashid, Somia Rafaqat 

...xploring their potential applications in non-infectious conditions like Alzheimer’s. Traditional vaccines such as: live attenuated and inactivated have long been treated as effective against infectious diseases. However, recent advancements in vaccine development strategies including mRNA- and recombinant DNA technologies along with viral vector-based vaccines containing specific DNA segment(s) of an infectious pathogen(s), nanoparticle-based and plant-b...

ZOHAIB SAEED1, SHAHID IQBAL*1, UMER YOUNAS1,2, MUHAMMAD PERVAIZ*3, SYED MOHSIN ALI NAQVI3 & RANA RASHAD MAHMOOD KHAN3

...mical method is its land application. Lagenaria siceraria L. plant was grown in various amendments of soil and sewage sludge to check the tolerance of the plant and to select the optimized mixing of sewage sludge with soil for this particular plant. Estimation of biochemical parameters like chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, and protein content along with total biomass of the plant showed that the soil mixed with 20% sewage sludge showed maximum growth o...

MADIHA AFTAB1, ARIFA TAHIR*1, TAYYABA ASIM1 & IRFANA MARYAM2

...nological and industrial applications but its high cost hindered its use. Development of low-cost biotechnological process for laccase production has gained great attention. Present study is concerned with the enhanced production of laccase by Aspergillus flavus Maf 0139. Five different cultural media were tested and best one was selected for laccase production. Different cultural conditions such as inoculum size, pH, temperature, incubation period, moisture c...

*SHAJAHAN BAIG1, MUSHTAQ AHMAD SALEEM1, MUHAMMAD AZMAT ULLAH KHAN1 ZEESHAN NADEEM2, SUFIAN AHMED2, MEMUNA GHAFOOR SHAHID3 & TANZEEM AKBAR CHEEMA3

...seful for the successful application of these profiling methods to analyze the safety of genetically modified (GM) foods. These bioinformatic methods employ the comparison of different linked databases which may cover all the information significant for profiling. These methods are also significant in identifying the changes at various stages of development under diverse environmental conditions.

...

MARIAM AHMED, YESRA ARSHAD & HAMID MUKHTAR*

...and hair. It has various applications including leather, textile, pharmaceutical, detergent and animal feed industries. In current study, keratinolytic bacteria were isolated from the soil of poultry farm and different cultural conditions were optimized to obtain maximum enzyme yield. The isolates were initially screened by formation of zone of clearance on the skimmed milk agar and then evaluated for keratinase production by using raw feathers as substrate in...

ALIA NASEEM, *SUMERA IQBAL & KHAJISTA JABEEN

...mination and yield under application of chromium (Cr) stress. The no. of treatments applied was 10 while 3 replicates were used for each treatment. For inducing Cr stress, K2Cr2O7 (potassium dichromate) solution of 50 mg/Kg concentration was applied to the soil. Cr treated and untreated soil samples were amended with compost and farmyard manure at 2.5 % and 5 %. It was demonstrated that in okra when compared with control, the sugar content and germination para...

MARIAM ZAHEER*1, SYED SHAHID IMRAN BUKHARI2, MUDDA

...arides have multifarious applications in different fields of life. These EPSs are used as anticoagulant, immunomodulator, emulsifiers, anticancer and bioflocculants. They are widely used in food industry and bioremediation. This review article describes sources, synthesis, fermentation, extraction and applications of exopolysaccharides.

...

1*AFIRA WAQAR, 2ADNAN RAUF, 3BUSHRA CHAUDHRY &4IKRAM-UL HAQ

...ts. We focus here on the applications and strategies that are currently best suitable for genetic studies which provide preliminary genetic information for subsequent statistical analyses. Here we review the basic concept of genetic alterations including monogenic and polygenic characteristics of complex diseases to determine underlying genetic complexity and the most appropriate methods for genetic analysis.

...

*AMNA SHOAIB, AROOJ SHEZAD, ARSHAD JAVAID, SUNDUS AKHTAR & ZOIA ARSHAD AWAN

...30-100%. In potted soil, application of separate or combined application of myco- and phyto-fungicides proved highly efficient in managing collar rot disease. However, combined effect of T. harzianum or T. viride + leaves biomass of R. sativus found more promising in managing disease through significantly improving growth attributes and activities of antioxidant enzymes. It was concluded that disease suppression is directly ...

Bela Putra1*, Budi Prasetya2

... experiment involved the application of various gamma radiation doses (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 Gy). Four replications were done using a randomized block design, with 25 Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mot seeds in each repetition, totalling 700 seeds. The plants were grown in acidic soil with a pH of approximately 4.5–5. After two months of growth, the plants were harvested, and various parameters were analyzed. The results of the research indicated that t...

Teedzai Chitura*

...rganizations for reduced application of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock production. To address this problem, several animal feed commissioners and summits have legislated and banned the use of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock feeds. Given these scenarios, animal nutritionists embarked on the quest for the search of alternative and sustainable growth promoters, as a replacement for antibiotics. The application

Shama Sadaf1*, Ayesha Saeed1, Komal Hassan1, Zeeshan Ahmad2 and Maha Naeem Butt1

Faheem Akbar1, Naveed Ahmed4*, Maria Mussarat1, Imtiaz Ahmed4, Dost Muhammad1, Toseef Ahmad2, Muhammad Afaq Akbar1, Shehryar Rafique3, Seemab Ali4, Sohail Aslam4, Basharat Hussain Shah4, Fayaz Ahmad4 and Muhammad Abbas Khan4

...ha-1 sulphur. Similarly, application of 3kg.ha-1 trichoderma seemed to be optimum level as further increases in trichoderma did not show further increases in yield or growth parameters of onion. However, the sulfur and Phosphorus contents in soil were more in treatments receiving higher levels of Sulfur and trichoderma but the total uptake was of sulphur and phosphorus were higher in treatments receiving 50.kg sulphur ha-1 along with 3.kg trichoderma ha-1. The...
Kalaiselvi Natarajan1, Karal Marx Karuppiah1, Sheena K Baby1, Sakthivel Mohammed2, Shanmugam Seerappalli Aran1 and Suresh Eswaran1*
...tudy aims to analyze the application of RAS technology for year-round seed production of Koi carp. Further this study aims in developing sustainable aquaculture practices to facilitate aquaculturists.

...

Sedef Selviler Sizer1, Semih Kurt1*, Burcu Onuk1, Gokmen Zafer Pekmezci2 and Murat Kabak1

...of the hydrogen peroxide application in whitening and degreasing bone materials and killing remaining beetles at the end of the process on skull materials cleaned by Dermestes beetles.

...
Abdul Asim Farooq1,2*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Hamid Akbar1
Muhammad Ashraf3, Saima Inayat4, Muhammad Usman Saleem5
Saeed Murtaza2, Maqbool Hussain Shah2 and Muhammad Arshad Javid5
...ne plates along with the application of multiple BMA on days: 0, 14, 28, and 45. Furthermore, the second group was designated as bone plating with normal saline (BPNS) in which fracture was reduced by using the bone plates along with the application of normal saline. Additionally, the third group was designated as bone wiring with bone marrow aspirate (BWBM), and the fourth group, was bone wiring with normal saline (BWNS). B...

Shahbaz Hussain1, Asif Ameen2*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar3, Atif Naeem1, Ahmad Jawad1, Madad Ali1, Muhammad Ather Nadeem3, Ghulam Abbas2, Muhammad Arif2, Muhammad Ahmad Zafar4, Zahid Hassan5

...l the tested treatments, application of Puma Super at 92.66 g a.i. ha-1 furnished the highest number of tillers (137.3 in 2014 and 141.3 in 2015), grains panicle-1 (77 in 2014 and 79 in 2015), final paddy yield (1983.8 and 1570 kg ha-1 in 2014 and 2015, respectively), and net economic returns (Rs. 95915 ha-1), followed by the use of Puma Super at 46.33 g a.i. ha-1 which offered the next best economic benefits (Rs. 81906 ha-1). Thus, applying Puma Super at 92.6...

Iqra Munir*, Farrah Iftikhar, Hira Fatima, Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari and Roha Ramash

...and ethnopharmacological applications. There were 20- herbs, 13- shrubs and 18 tree species documented on the basis of their importance and medicinal uses. Frequently utilized plant components included were fruits, leaves, roots, barks, seeds, and sometimes whole plant. There was a total of 50 plants out of which 20 plants were used through the preparation of decoction, 17 plants in the powder form and 10 plants used through infusion. 80% plants used to cure c...
Li Tian1*, Chun Wang2, Hailiang Li2, Haitian Sun2 and Chang Wang3
...oposed. In the practical application of crop diseases and insect pests identification, CBPSO algorithm is obtained by binary operation of CPSO, and its performance and application are analyzed. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of CBPSO-SVM algorithm is 98.22% and 97.78% respectively in gray spot disease and algal spot disease, higher than that of PCA-SVM (82.5% and 83.67%). In addition, the aver...
Luis Fernando Díaz-Toral1, Carlos Eddy Alvarado-Zamora1, Ernesto Gonzalo Cañarte-Bermúdez2*, José Bernardo Navarrete-Cedeño2, Gilmar Jesús Cañarte-Cañarte1 and Fernando David Sánchez-Mora1* 
...opriate time and dose of application of mepiquat chloride (MC), as a plant growth regulator (PGR), in the Coker cotton commercial variety. This field trial was carried out during February-August 2020 in La Teodomira experimental farm of the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP, Lodana, Manabí, Ecuador), with three periods of application and four doses of growth regulator in addition to control (without r...

Wajid Ali1, Muhammad Noman Khan1*, Ghulam Nabi1, Shahid Ur Rahman1, Saira Sattar2, Muhammad Fawad Khan1, Saeed Ur Rahman1, Sayed Zubair1, Qurat Ul Ain1, Muhammad Sabeeh1 and Afsar Ali3

...extract and its solution application forms on growth and yield of okra” was carried out at Agriculture Research Institute North Mingora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in the year 2019. Current study was consisted of two factors and was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Factor ‘A’ was solution application forms i.e. fresh Moringa leaf extract solution and dry Mori...

Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Khadija Akram1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Arshad1, Samina Khalid2, Hamza Latif1, Aqsa Amjad1, Nahdia Perveen1, Emaan Sajid1

...e within 72 hours of the application of higher concentrations (6.0%), while a higher concentration of clove oil resulted in 88.0% larval mortality within 96 hours. Probit analysis demonstrated that cinnamon oil had the lowest LC50 values across all time intervals, indicating the highest potency in killing T. castaneum. Clove oil also had a relatively low LC50 value compared to orange and lemon oil. Furthermore, cinnamon and clove oils displayed negative effect...
Shahid Iqbal Khattak1, Mohammad Safdar Baloch*1, Khalid Naveed2, Muhammad Amjad
Nadim1, Asghar Ali Khan1 and Kaleem Ullah3
...th as affected by foliar application of
potassium Sulphate (K2SO4) on different growth stages under rainfed conditions was
conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Potassium
doses viz. 0, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 60 kg ha-1 were applied in foliar form at tillering, booting
and heading stages of wheat. The course of study revealed that foliar
Mona Adel El-Wakeel1*, Salah El-Din Abd El-Ghany Ahmed, Sanaa Abd El Rahman Mohamed
and Nadia Khalil Messiha
...traits, sole
application of PLP at successive rates is more effective than PLP at the same successive
rates with acetic acid 5%. So, it was observed that PLP at 60g pot-1 and 45 g pot-1
significantly developed most of growth parameters and yield traits of C. annuum than the
healthy plants in both seasons. On the contrary, acetic acid treatment alone recorded the
lowest value of all growth parameters a...

Arshad Javaid, Amna Ali, Iqra Haider Khan and Amna Shoaib

...nts were also reduced by application of S. rolfsii. Application of different
concentrations of dry biomass of C. album (DBC) significantly improved shoot and root dry
biomass, grain yield, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of chickpea over S. rolfsii
inoculated treatment (positive control). The positive effects of DBC on plant growth and
yield were increased by increasing...
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan*1, Sadia Afzal2, Ahsan Aziz1,
Rizwan Maqbool3, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz4, Amjed Ali1, Muhammad
Adnan1, Durrishahwar5
...) were recorded with the application of
leaf extract at 8% concentration of C. tinctorius. The E. cruss-galli emergence percentage
(53.33%) and seedling fresh biomass (15.35 g) was minimum when treated with 8%
aqueous extract of C. tinctorius fruit extract. The lower concentration (0.25% to 2%) of all
the studied extracts showed a hermetic response and stimulated the root, shoot and
seedling fresh wei...

Salman Ali1*, Muhammad Arif1, Mehran Ali1, Muhammad Afzaal2, Gohar Saeed32, Muhammad Bilal4, Fazal Munsif1 and Sajjad Zaheer1

... tons ha-1 biochar and P application 50% from FYM or PM and 50% from DAP improved maize growth and reduced weed competition.

...
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1 , Bilal Ahmad Khan*1, Saima Anwar2, Ahsan Aziz1, Rizwan Maqbool3, Muhammad Kashif Sohail4, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid1, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1, Amir Aziz4
...ed rice with
application of 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S.
oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis of this experiment, it is
concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling red rice
weed.
...
Barkatullah1, Sumayya Noreen1.Khushnood Ur Rehman1, Zahid Ali Butt2, Tabassum
Yaseen3, Kamran Akbar3, and Salma Noreen3
...g, and rainwater. In all applications the growth of plumules and radicles of three
test species was retarded. It was determined that the allelopathic effect of extracts is
directly related to the duration of soaking i.e. 48 h extracts were more effective than 24 h.
among all parts the highest activity was shown by leaves followed by fruit, bark, Rainwater,
and then mulching. From the above experiment, it is stron...
Imtiaz Khan,1 Muhammad Kabir, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Haroon Khan, Saima
Hashim and Muhammad Azim Khan
...k herbicides
application. The experiment was arranged in split-plot with randomized complete block
(RCB) design with 4 replications. For practical adaptation of the experiment, the sowing
methods were allotted as the main plots, while tank mixed herbicides were kept in the subplots
to get prominent results for the possible positive differences among the treatments.
The sub-plot size measured as 1.5 X ...
Muhammad Saleem Chang*[1], Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro2, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi4, Jay Kumar Sootaher*3, Piar Ali Shar3, Kashif Ali Buriro2, Nadia Mangrio5, Zafarullah Channa3
 
 
...e, it was suggested that application of puma super 7.5% emulsifiable water at 0.625 liters ha-1, 50% reduced (30 Days after sowing) + Purple nutsedge water extract at 15 liters ha-1 (45 Days after sowing) apply for getting higher yield (4493 kg ha-1) of barley crop. It was finalized that this study will be very fruitful for the future progress of barley yield.
...

Muhammad Nasir Mazhar1, Muhammad Arif*, Naeem Akhtar1 and Muhammad Shafiq1 and Muhammad Yousaf1

.... Moreover, its frequent application also developed resistance in some weed species against the herbicides. Therefore, a field experiment was planned to assess the effect of multi-approached weed suppression in wheat at Reclamation Research Station, 7/3-L Ahmad Pur Sial District Jhang during winter 2019-20. Experimental treatment was comprised of two wheat cultivars i.e. Ujala 2016 and Faisalabad 2008 and seven weeds control approaches i.e. hand weeding, organ...

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1* Sadia Afzal2, Rizwan Maqbool3, Hasnain Waheed1, Aneela Nijabat4, Muhammad Ikram5, Amir Aziz6, Muhammad Adnan1, Qaisar Mehmood7, Hasnain Umer3

Aya A. Saber1, Mohamed Fawzy2*, MokhtarM. EL-Tarabili2, Eman K. El Sayed2

...ant economic losses. The application of a promising vaccination strategy requires the utilization of safe and effective vaccines capable of successfully preventing and controlling these disastrous diseases. The current study explored the effect of simultaneous vaccination of cattle with BEF and RVF vaccines on the calves’ humeral immune response. Four groups of BEF and RVF seronegative calves were used in this study; group 1 received inactivated BEF vacc...

Nabeel Akhtar1, Owais Iqbal1,2*, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani1, Rehana Naz Syed1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1

...cessibility and a simple application process for chemical control systems have made it practical and widely accepted. In the present study, ten different fungicides viz., Shincar, Antracol, Alliete, Ridomil Gold, Moncut, Systhane, Kocide, Evito, Nativo, and Topsin M at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ppm concentrations were tested in in vitro by poisoned food method against Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium albo-atrum and Macrophomina phaseolina. Our results showe...

Mir Manzar Ud Din1*, Naveed Ahmad1, Muhammad Salman1, Fazli Amin1 and Saeed Ud Din

...ng candidate for various applications in the fields of biomedicine, textiles, and engineering. This paper provides an overview of the biochemistry of silk protein, focusing on its structure, synthesis, and functional properties. We delve into the molecular composition of silk protein, the mechanisms of silk synthesis, and the factors that influence its physical and mechanical properties. Furthermore, we explore the potential applicatio...
Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust-e-Chamanadad , Aleksander Mikhailovich Tulikov , Mohammad Ali Baghestani
MURAD ALI KHAN,MUHAMMAD ADNAN,ZAHID KHAN,KAWSAR ALI,KHALID NAVEED,BUSHRA SHAFI,MUHAMMAD TARIQ,MUHAMMAD ARIF,MUHAMMAD WAQAS
Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust, Ali Asghari, Aleksander Mihailovic Tulikov, Mohammad Hasanzadeh , Mohammad Reza Saidi
Salman Zahid,Abdul Rab,Muhammad Asim,Hina Fayyaz,Muhammad Rabnawaz Khan,Faisal Khan,SHAD KHAN KHALIL,IMRAN KHAN,Haneef Raza
SHAD KHAN KHALIL,Abdul Rab,Faisal Khan,Syed Junaid Ahmad,IMRAN KHAN,Akhtar Ali,Izhar Ali
MUHAMMAD SAFDAR BALOCH,EJAZ AHMAD KHAN,MUHAMMAD AMJAD NADIM,IMAM BAKHSH,MUHAMMAD SADIQ,INAYATULLAH AWAN,INAYAT HUSSAIN SHAH,ABDUL AZIZ KHALWANI,IMRAN WAZIR
HAFIZ MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ,ABDUL MAJID,Amar Matloob,Zahid Ata Cheema,Abdul Khaliq
A. TANVIR,S. AHMED,A. MAHMOOD,Z. A. CHEEMA
MUHAMMAD SADIQ,MUHAMMAD SAQIB,MUHAMMAD ZUBAIR,ABDUL AZIZ BALOOCH,Mohammad Safdar Baloch,MUHAMMAD SADIQ
ANEES ABBAS,Abdul Khaliq,SHAKEEL A ANJUM,UMAIR ASHRAF,Amar Matloob,IMRAN KHAN
EJAZ AHMAD KHAN,IMAM BAKHSH,IMRAN WAZIR,Mohammad Safdar Baloch,MUHAMMAD AMJAD NADIM,ABDUL AZIZ KHAKWANI,INAYAT ULLAH AWAN,MUHAMMAD SADIQ,INAYAT HUSSAIN SHAH
Moinullah, Shahen Shah, Arshad Jalal, Tariq Shah, Wisal Ahmad and Asad Ali Khan
Muhammad Imran , Azhar Mehmood, Tasawer Abbas, Ali Zohaib, Naila Farooq, Irfan Rasool Nasir and Shahzad Ahmad Junaid
Muhammad Faheem Jan, Asad Ali Khan, Waqas Liaqat, Asim Muhammad and Fahad Ullah Khan

Muhammad Bilal Zia1*, Ashar Farooq1, Hammad Ud Din1, Barkat Ullah Khan1 and Samee Ud Din2

...forestry systems for its application as industrial raw material and a promising afforestation agent for phytoremediation of heavy metal-polluted soils. Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar introduced Paulownia species in 1989 and six species were evaluated in multi-location trials. The studies for optimal planting stock and propagation methods for Paulownia indicated that the root stumps grew substantially taller, having straight stems and symmetrical crowns. H...

Viranga Kumudini Jayasundara¹*, Ali Khatibi², Jacqueline Tham²

Yasameen Waleed Al-Abedi1, Murtadha Kadhim Hasan2*, Alaa Abdalhadi Halboti3, Ali Abdulhussein Saleh Alsaeedi3, Rafed Abbas Kadhum1

...knowledge concerning the application of CRISPR-Cas in valuable discoveries in biotechnology and medicine.

...

Abdur Rahman Khan1*, Mansoor Ali Khan1, Abdur Rehman1 and Muhammad Umair Khan1

Muhammad Tahir Laeeq and Muhammad Asif Aziz
...xperiments including (i) application of fertilizer (urea) @ 0.2 gm/seedling at 2, 4, 6 and 8 days intervals. (ii) application of a hydroabsorbant polymer having a blend of fertilizer and growth stimulants. (iii) use of four mixtures of soil, sand and farmyard manure in the ratios of 3:2:1, 2:2:1, 4:3:2 and 3:2:2. (iv) use of four sizes of polythene bags (17.8 x 10.6 cm, 17.8 x 8.9 cm, 16.5 x 10.6 cm and 20.3 x 10.2 cm).

...
Naveed Ahmed
...tes using two methods of application, soil treatment and wood treatment at Pakistan Forest Institute (PFI), Peshawar and Punjab Forest Research Institute (PFRI), Gatwala, Faisalabad. Concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% of each termiticide were applied for soil and wood treatment. Result indicated that after 50 months of treatment to wooden stacks, Tenekil Plus 100% E.C. gave 98% and 90% protection in 2.0% concentration at Peshawar and Faisalabad, whereas Zan...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim1, Yahya Karamat2, Muhammad Shabbir Mughal3 and Imtiaz Hussain4
...ows maximum yield on the application of 275kg/ha of NP fertilizer in the region having similar edaphic, topographic and climatic conditions as in Peshawar. ...
Shakeel Haider Zaidi, Ch. Muhammad Muslim, Muhammad Shabbir Mughal and Imtiaz Hussain
...higher seed yield by the application of split doses of 200 kg nitrophos/ha....
Hasanuzzaman, Md., H. Mahmood, H.L. Sharif and Md. N. Islam
...eration for agroforestry applications for its multiple uses, tolerance to light, frosts and long dry seasons. Nutrients (P, K and Na) leaching from leaf litter of D. sissoo were studied in the laboratory. About 20% of initial weight of leaf litter was lost, while conductivity and TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) of leached water increased to 239 µS/cm and 114 mg/l, respectively and pH decreased to 5.81 after 96 hours. Weight loss (%) of leaf litter, cond...
Muhammad Afzal, Aqeela Mobeen Akhter and Masood Amjad
...vegetatively through the application of rooting hormones, which are fit for field planting with in a period of 4 months. NAA with a concentration of 100 mg/l among the other rooting hormones proved to be more economical for production of these true to type tube plants. These tube plants showed promising growth in the field with more than 80% survival....
Sardar Muhammad Rafique
...rovement activities like application of fertilizer, conversion of vegetation, exclosure, grazing management, introduction of nutritious and high yielding fodder crops, etc. are recommended.

Key words: Forage Resources, Northern Mountainous Region, Sustainable Development, Rangeland

....
S. M. Rafique
...he study has recommended application of specialized grazing system like; intensive repeated seasonal grazing to utilize coarse and or less palatable grass species. Further the study recommended improvement in complementary forage production, forage reserves and supplemental feed along with soil and water conservation measures to improve the range condition, trend and production....
Mohammad Zubair Sulemani* Mohammad Safdar Baloch** and Khalid Abdullah**
...vely affected due to the application of extracts as compared to tap water treatment. Highest adjusted reduction in germination (89.67%) was recorded in Sorghum followed by Taramira (85.36%), while maize was least affected (60%).

Keywords: Allelochemicals, kiker, Acacia nilotica, field crops, germination.

...
J. O. Adegbehin
...things discussed was the application of the resulting growth figures in the management of the species....
Ghulam Akbar
...usses their validity and application in varying sets of ecological conditions....
J.O. Adegbehin and J.E. Onyibe
...things discussed was the application of the resulting growth figures in the management of the species....
Naveed Ahmed and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...with mud after treatment application while plain mud plastering was done in control. Results of the post-spray data recorded after 7 and 14 days revealed that all the insecticides were significantly effective in reducing the larval population of the pest as compared to the untreated check but DDVP gave best results (82.32%) in terms of reducing the pest population 14 days after treatment....
Iqtidar Hussain and Adnan Noor Shah
...dversely affected by the application of the extract instead of the control. These results indicate that the water extract of eucalyptus can be used as a biological inhibitor of weed control in our planting systems....
G. A. Bajwa and Hanif Gul
...nding of tree trunks and application of insecticides were combined together. All the components of integrated control strategy proved effective. Among the chemicals Buldock 25EC, Mepra 50EC and Endon 35EC @ 0.2% were the most effective insecticides against the pest. ...
Hanif Gul, G. A. Bajwa and G. N. Panhwar
...ggs by soil working and application of insecticides was the most effective control strategy. Among the insecticides Mepra 50EC and Endon 35EC @ 0.2% are recommended for economical and ecological safe control of mango mealy bug....
Sardar Muhammad Rafique
...rotection and fertilizer application. The Poa alpine - Potentilla fragarioides vegetation type was transformed to Poa alpine - Digitaria sanguinalis types. This change had also registered increase in species number from 18 to 27. One final clipping and two clippings have no appreciable effect on floristic composition however, two clippings has caused slight increase in forage production. The study has demonstrated that poor temperate rangelands ...
S. M. Rafique
...ed effect of fertilizer application, protection and over sowing compared to conventional grazing. Forage production was 5 times higher under fertilizer application. The study has demonstrated that range improvement activities will not only enhance the socioeconomic conditions of the graziers through increase in forage production but will also play an important role in the improvement of watershed values. This implied...
Shaukat Ali
... in nodulation. Frequent application of N resulted in increase in root weight while a reduction in the number of nodules was recorded. Phosphorus fertilization increased root weight but there was no effect on the number of nodules with phosphorus alone....
Sardar Mohammad Rafique
...f grazing management and application of fertilizer on forage production, cover percent, soil protective cover, soil infiltration rate and soil bulk density. Three major treatments namely; one clipping (no grazing), two clippings (simulated rotational grazing) and conventional grazing (continuous seasonal grazing) were applied randomly in 3 plots of 10 x 10 meter size. Similarly, three sub- plots of 10 x 5 meters size were fertilized with single dose of NPK (1...
Raza-ul-Haq
...killings with herbicide applications. Seedling age in relation to competition from other vegetation is important for the survival of seedlings. Total shrub (Viburnum) control and soil working improved survival (77% of 3 months old seedlings as compared to control (67%). The highest survival of 85-87% was achieved in the plots where herbs and shrubs were killed with herbicide. Heights of seedlings (3 and 12 month old) was significantly affected by age w...
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
Farrukh Hussain and Ihsan Ilahi
...H 5-7. ...
Malik Muhammad Khan and David R. Betters
...ts is illustrated in an application to a typical small irrigated farm in Punjab. The analysis first finds the most economically efficient single crop and joint poplar-wheat production possibilities then analyzes these possibilities under typical farm constraints and requirements. In the case study, the result show that applying agroforestry practices can increase overall farm production and income. Applying the economic analyses approach discussed her...
M. Iqbal Ahmad and I. A. Hafiz
...lberry plantations. The application of 200 Kg N per hectare, if applied 50% after sprouting of plants in spring and 50% after 20 days of leaf plucking, increased mulberry leaf yield by more then 100%. The PFI-1 early sprouting variety was selected and distributed among all forest departments of provinces and AJ&K for further propagation and raising of plantations. Pollarding at 30 to 70 height cm from ground level was suitable in mulberry plantations ...
M Ayaz, M.A. Cheema, H. Duerrstein and M. Kleine
...lable software and their application in data- processing and planning activities in forestry....
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
... of planting season and application of N&P alone or in combination on the yield of Dioscorea diltoidea rhizomes at Kuza Gali, its natural habitat. Results indicated that yield of rhizomes significantly increased with the increase in duration of time. The yield was optimum after 6 years growth period followed by progressive decline in yield of rhizomes harvested after 8th and 10th years of growth. Monsoon planting provided more number sprouts and...
J.O. Adegbehin, S. Nokoe, J. A. Okojie and G. O. Otegbeye
... of the species and the application of the resulting growth figures to its management....
Bashir Mohammad Khan, Mohammad Ismail Chaudhry and Pervez Khawaja
K.M. Siddiqui, M.I. Sheikh and S. Rehman
...agated asexually and the application of hormone had no significant effect on rooting. The narrow and broad-sense heritability was low emphasizing the importance of uniform site conditions and inclusion of a large number of progenies and clones in test plantations. These investigations suggest that a suitable breeding strategy would further bring about genetic improvement in Populus ciliata....
Iqbal Ahmad
...plied. It was found that application of Nitrogen (Urea) at the rate of 200kg per hectare if applied 50%after sprouting in spring and 50% after 20 days of 1st leaf plucking increased 100% leaf than no fertilizer application....
M. I. Shiekh, S. H. Bangash and S. Hasan Abbas
...ificant response to the application of fertilizers. However the height increments for the period 1979-82 were found significantly affected by NPK combined treatments due to cumulative effect over the past three years. Moreover the foliar N content increased significantly at both the sites. ...
G. M. Khattak, M. I. Sheikh and S. H. Bangesh
...ermine the effect of the application of N, P, K, B, Mg, Zn and Fe on the fresh weight of foliage produced by mulberry at the close of the growing season, and its crude protein content. The objective was to increase the quantity and quality of feed for silkworms....
Anwar Ahmad Khan, Shakeel Haider Zaidi and Zainul Arifeen
... year). Soil working and application of NP135 kg per hectare gave higher yield as compared to control. Interim result based on the yield of three years, 1975, 1d976 and 1977 are presented in this paper. The experiment would continue for further period of two years. ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...was almost double by the application of 40% sulphuric acid solution. In year 1977, only the treatment was continued on the old 500 trees but also another set of 225 trees was selected as an adaptation of the American method to suit the existing management and silvicultural requirements of chir forests in Pakistan. Only one stimulant i.e., H2SO4, 40% and 50% in solution form was used and compared with the French method (control). The maj...
Raja Walayat Hussain
... management it finds its application in maintaining upto- date records of long range experiments and files of employees. Different decision making techniques such as linear programming simulation, research and network planning are described and important programs developed by United States Forest Service are discussed. ...
Ali Akbar Khan
...chieved by improving the application of point sampling in all its ramification. ...
Raja Walayat Hussain and Ishtiaq Ahmad Qazi
...its easy computation and application (8, 25)....
Ali Asghar Khan
...tal. Suggestions for the application of intensive management system are given....

Ali Mohammed Obayes*, Zaid Salah Hussein 

... conducted to assess the application and demonstration of rapid, sensitive, and specific assays for confirmatory testing and to determine the prevalence of glanders in horses and donkeys. For this reason, a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was applied to determine seropositivity against Burkholderia mallei in clinically confirmed cases of glanders from Baghdad city. Analysis of sera samples collected from horses (n=80) demonstrated that...

Javaria Sherani1*, Tehseen Ali Jilani2, Jalil Ahmad3, Rashid Jawad1, Shabana Nazeer4 and Muhammad Jan5 

...ood performance with the application of treatment T3 as compared to other treatments. Similarly, the biochemical attributes showed excellent performance with the treatment T3. The response of each trait to foliar application of zinc nutrient was somehow different in many trait indices. Moreover, an extremely positive correlation was observed among the agronomic traits and biochemical traits. The cultivar’s performance ...

Abdul Aleem Memon1*, Inayatullah Rajpar2, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2, Javaid Ahmed Shah3 and Saima Kalsoom Babar2

...certain whether K foliar applications can improve growth, and yield of sunflower in calcareous soil. The sunflower cultivar (HO-1) was tested in field with three foliar K sources (Kfs) (MoP, SoP and NoP) and three foliar K times (Kft) treatments (2% once at leaf development stage (LDS), 2% in two equal splits (1% at LDS and 1% inflorescence emergence stage (IES), and 2% in three equal splits (0.67% at LDS, 0.67% IES and 0.67% flower bud development stage (FS)....

Ammar Abdulhasan Aldhalemi1, Murtadha Abdulhasan Aldhalemi2, Ali Joodi3, Qais R. Lahhob4* 

...cost. To be concise, the application of ginge oil extra has highly improved the texture, taste, and the reception of the product; moreover, it has also acted well in mold inhibition. The result shows that the purpose of the study is met and it can also be helped to makes the cheese preservation and quality improvement.
 

...

Ammar Abdulhasan Aldhalemi1, Murtadha Abdulhasan Aldhalemi2, Ali Joodi3, Qais R. Lahhob4* 

...cost. To be concise, the application of ginge oil extra has highly improved the texture, taste, and the reception of the product; moreover, it has also acted well in mold inhibition. The result shows that the purpose of the study is met and it can also be helped to makes the cheese preservation and quality improvement.
 

...
Javairia Mehboob1, Syeda Hafsa Ali1*, Fahima Ashraf Kasi1, Syeda Ayesha Ali2, Safa
Farooqi3, Muneeza Arbab4,
...ce in various biomedical applications. Silver is known
for its antimicrobial nature. This study elucidates the qualitative phytochemical properties of
three plant extracts and utilizing it in biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Green Silver
nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from 1mM Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) solution incubated
with leaf extracts of Cynara scolymus (Artichoke), Alkanna tinctoria (Alkanet), and...
Muhammad Naeem Korejo1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1 and Niaz
Ahmed Wahocho2
...y check. The
application of sunflower extract @ 15 L ha-1 in combination with herbicides (atlantis @ 0.1 L
ha-1 + puma super @ 0.156 L ha-1) resulted in minimum weed parameters viz. density (52.0
m-2) and dry weight (99.0 g m-2) and produced maximum mungbean growth and yield traits
particularly seed yield (2404 kg ha-1). Bermuda grass extract @ 15 L ha-1 in integration with
herbicides (atlantis @ 0.1 ...
Muhammad Yahya1, Muhammad Ajmal Khan2, Fazle Subhan3, Ali Hazrat1*, Javed Khan5, Aftab
Amin4, Hayat Ullah1 and Tabinda Nowsheen1
... damage.
The application of Flurofenafire was able to control these infestations. In conclusion the
pesticide Flurofenafire was found effective against a wide range of insect pest of tomato plant.
...

Abdul Basit1 and 2Sana Ullah*

...
weeding, fertilizer application, propagation method, propagation time, transplanting time,
field situation and finally problems of the nurseries were studied. All the agricultural and
horticultural practices were not fully applied and practiced in proper recommended way. Out
of the total studied parameters, irrigation system that was sprinkler irrigation, was
impressive and appreciable. Proper fertilizer at ...

Hina Gul1, Amjad Usman1*, Karishma1 and Seema Zubair2

...v>
the three times application of the tested treatments showed varying toxicity against S.
dorsalis 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days after spray applications while ladybird beetle and
green lacewing were also significantly affected when recorded 7 days after spray
application. However, Flonicamid 50%WG proved to be the most effective till 7th and had

Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Iqbal1, Malik Muhammad Hashim2, Muhammad Saleem Jilani1, Mohammad Safdar Baloch3, Muhammad Sohail Khan1, Asif Latif1, Muhammad Amjad Nadim3, Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid4

...ments included different application times (pre-emergence application and application after 15, 30 and 45 days after emergence) of dual gold (S-metolachlor) and a control (weedy check). Data were recorded on fresh and dry weed biomasses (g m-2), number of leaves plant-1, leaf area plant-1 (cm2), leaf and root weights plant-1 (g), sucrose (%), TSS (%), root and sugar yields (t ha-1). The re...

Tariq Ahmed Keerio1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Ahmed Naqi Shah1, Muhammad Ibrahim Keerio2, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro3

... yield over c ontrol The application of
s orghum immature extract @ 15 L per ha in combination with herbicide (Mesotrione
Atrazine @ 1.0 L per ha decreased effectively weed density (m 2 ) and dry biomass (g m
2 and resultantly produced superior growth and yield traits particularly kernel yield (t
per ha ) of maize . Sorghum mature plant extract @ 15 L per ha in integration with
herbicide (Mesotrione A...

Nada Hamzah Shareef Al Shabbani1, Marwa Jamal Hussain Al Kinani2*, Tmara Qais Al-Mohammadi1 

...ly treated through local application of corticosteroids or injection of corticosteroids to nodules but the response to treatment is less than clent and relapses are very frequent. The objective of this study was to illuminate which of these features prevail and which ones fade in scarred sites which undergo postscabietic nodule development. The time span between August 2021 to May 2022 was allowed to collect samples from patients with (1-60) years old and full...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Jamshaid Iqbal2, Muneer Abbas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Tariq Javeed1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Irshad1, Muhammad Aslam1, Gul Rehman2 and Shahar Yar Ahsan1

... against the thrips. The application of chlorfenapyr and acephate, either individually as sprays or in combination with other control measures, resulted in a notable reduction in the thrips population. For the management of M. distalis in mungbean combination of imidacloprid seed treatment, blue sticky traps installation and chlorfenapyr at 100 ml/acre should be applied. Current studies provide useful information to adopt integrated pest management of thrips a...

Humam T. Hadi1*, Orooba M. S. Ibrahim2 

...eam, followed by topical application of different concentrations of SaAuNPs, clove oil, and salicylic acid. The second part evaluated the effectiveness of SaAuNPs in reducing psoriasis symptoms in mice. The findings showed that SaAuNPs had a significant (P≤0.05) anti-inflammatory effect, with the groups treated with 0.003% and 0.005% SaAuNPs showing a significant reduction in psoriasis symptoms. The physicochemical properties of SaAuNPs were characterized u...

Muti Ul Hannan1, Wazir Ahmed1, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2*, Muhammad Baqir Hussain1 and Khuram Mubeen1

...armer practice, foliar K application showed a significant increase in fiber quality parameters such as fiber length, fiber strength, MIC, micronaire and ginning out turn (GOT). Results advocate compost, micronutrients and K essential element of cotton production whenever cotton is under heat stress.

...

Hafiz Muhammad Usama Shaheen1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1*, Muhammad Atiq1, Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo1, Hadeed Ahmad1, Muhammad Wahab1, Muhammad Faran Tahir1 and Abuzar Hasnain2

...mbination by using three application methods (Preventive, Curative and after symptom appearance). Findings of contemporary study showed that, Azadirachta indica exhibited the best results in-vitro (10.29 mm) followed by Allium sativum (12.24 mm). Under greenhouse conditions, the combination of Azadirachta indica and Allium sativum expressed significant effect against BLS of rice with least disease incidence percentage (18.07%), when applied as preventive treat...

Mati Ullah1*, Muhammad Rizwan2, Ali Raza3, Xianlin Zhao4, Yanling Sun4, Sarah Gul5, Muhammad Ihtesham Waheed6, Muhammad Nadeem Khan7, Alvina Gul8, Sami Ullah Jan9* and Chao Huang4*

...al as well as commercial applications. This study could also be used basis for similar studies.

...
Cristian Mendoza1*, Adriana Celi-Soto2, Ernesto Cañarte3 and George Cedeño-García2
...tion rose over time. The application of physical barriers reduced the incidence of root borer attacks by 40% compared to areas where these measures were not implemented. The pruned leaves placed on the plate proved to be a suitable alternative for pest control and showed one of the lowest application costs, that make it the best alternative for the integrated management of Sagalassa valida.
...

Camilo Romero Núñez1, Galia Sheinberg Waisburd2, Alberto Martin Cordero3, Rafael Heredia Cárdenas1, Laura Miranda Contreras1, Ariadna Flores Ortega4, Linda Guiliana Bautista Gómez5 

...er from day 14 after the application, 94% efficacy was observed, and from day 30 until day 90, in addition to ensuring distribution throughout the body without causing discomfort or adverse effects to the horse. 

...

Muhammad Usman1, Hussain Abbas1, Riffat Maqsood1, Muhammad Awais Nadeem1, Abdul Hanan Shazal1, Ali Usman1, Amna Hameed2, Haram Shahid3, Zulqarnain Haider3, Muhammad Zain1, Muhammad Suleman1 and Muhammad Wasif Gulzar1*

...rounding the concept and application of One Health. As a result, the implementation of One Health-based policies and their conformity to or change of societal values determine their efficacy. Even with a compelling justification, putting a One Health strategy into practice thoughtfully and holistically can be difficult, particularly when there seems to be a crisis. The global health is at risk due to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, wh...

Ameer Sultan1, Abdur Rauf1*, Farooq Jan1, Muhammad Qayash2, Muhammad Yasin3, Tanweer Kumar4, Wajid Khan4, Muhammad Arif4, Kashmala Jabbar5, Wisal Khan6, Farhan Ullah1, Syed Shabab Hussain1 and Ikramullah Khan1

... results showed that the application of a 50%-DSW increased plant height, cane diameter, leaf count per plant, and tillers per plant, while 60%-DSW had a diminishing trend compared to the other concentrations. 

...

Nask Jawher Ahmed and Kawa A. Ali*

...ine the effect of foliar application of (SA) on sesame plant vegetative parts under drought with focusing observation on morphological and physiological traits of sesame. The study was consisted in two different environments. Treatments were irrigation based on principal development stages according to the general BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, und Chemische Industrie) scale, with three levels of water regimes: (a) control (full irrigations), (b) No further ...
Shawky M Aboelhadid1*, Abdel-Azeem S Abdel-Baki2, Khaled M Hassan3
Samar M Ibrahium4, Saleh Al-Quraishy5, Ahmed O Hassan6 and Asmaa A Kamel1
...ouse fly larvae 24h post application. In addition, all the treatments induced significant increase in the malondialdehyde activity. In conclusion, nanoemulsion tech and mixing GO+SO increased their insecticidal potency against house fly, C. pipiens and T. castenum. This is a useful method in the integrated pest management. 

...

Marwa M. El-Deriny1,2*, Rania H. Wahdan1, Marwa S. Fouad3 and Dina S.S. Ibrahim1,2*

...e highest value upon the application of NPK integrated with T. viride under the infection stress while carotenoids content decreased compared to the untreated plants.On the other hand, the use of T. viride with NPK or S. marcescens significantly increase the content of carbohydrates in the plant leaves. Application of NPK with P. fluorescens significantly decreased the proline content and malondialdehyde (MDA). Concomitant t...

Endy Triyannanto1, Danung Nur Adli2, Diah Pratiwi3, Lukman Hakim3, Selma Noor Permadi3, Taufik Kurniawan3, Angga Maulana Firmansyah3, Lina Ivanti3, Dinar Suksmayu Saputri3, Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin4, Hari Hariadi5, Tri Ujilestari3, Teguh Wahyono3* 

.../p>...

Masoumeh Hosseynikhah 

...l. However, the external application of silicon and potassium nitrate decreased sodium absorption, increased potassium, and as a result improved plant weight, 100-seed weight, seed yield, cob length, and photosynthesis rate. This study showed that the use of a salt-tolerant cultivar with appropriate foliar application of potassium nitrate (2 mmol/L) and silicon (4 mmol/L) at the wheat booting stage may be a promising approac...

Junaid Khan* and Muhammad Sajid

...f nitrogen and timing of application for growth and fruit quality of guava crop in winter. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with split plot arrangement and three replications. The experimental results revealed that highest ascorbic acid (207.59 mg 100g-1) was recorded in guava fruit tree treated with nitrogen in September. Trees treated with nitrogen in November produced fruits with maximum fruit firmness (1.90 kg cm-2) and titratable acidity (0.35%). Regar...

Muhammad Ihsan Ullah2, Muhammad Hasnain1*, Muhmmad Luqman2, Hammad Hussnain2, Muhammad Tauseef2, Abrar Ahmad2, Muhammad Shahid2, Qaisar Abbas3, Mussurrat Hussain3, Ali Raza2, Muhammad Musadique Ahmad Khan4, Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5, Sajid Nadeem6

...days following pesticide application. The results of this study revealed that overall reduction percentage of flunicamid and dinotefuran after 1st, 3rd, and 7th days was 33.33, 46.79, and 71.15%, and 30.52, 44.16, and 69.48%, respectively against jassid after first spray and second spray. The overall reduction percentage of whitefly flunicamid after 1st, 3rd, and 7th days was 22.20, 44.54, and 73.39%, respectively after first spray. the first spray against thr...

Zahraa M. Mahdi 

...es are suitable for some applications because they demonstrate the combination of increased water permeability with reduced salt rejection properties. The paper also focuses on the use of characterisation methods such as SEM, XRD as well as FT-IR for analyzing and understanding the structural and functional properties of the nano-composite membranes. Concerns like the production of the fouling membrane and resistance troublesome conditions are dealt with, yiel...

Byamungu Mayange Tomple1*, Ik-Hwan Jo2, Rajaraman Bharanidharan1, Seun-Gun Won2 and Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid3*

...een manure fertilization application and kenaf growth, with the greatest plant height observed at the highest manure fertilization levels. The manure fertilization application level of 200 kg N/ha resulted in the highest dry matter (DM) yield, coupled with the highest crude protein (CP) content in kenaf leaves. Elevating manure fertilization level had a significant diminishing effect on acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, co...

Hazrat Younas1,*, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai1, Amjad Ali1 and Rizwan Ahmad2

...penses. Furthermore, the application of a Cobb-Douglas production function regression unveiled a significant negative relationship between age and experience with inefficiency, suggesting the importance of both formal and informal education, such as Farmer Field School (FFS), and providing incentives to retain experience tomato growers in the production process. These measures have the potentials to further augment tomato production in the study area.

...

Waqas Ahmad Shams1*, Gauhar Rehman2, Muhammad Ismail3, Rahmul Kabir4 and Abdul Qahar1

...he promising therapeutic applications of Crab Himalayapotamon emphysetum extracts as natural antioxidants in combating oxidative stress-related diseases. 
 
Novelty Statement | The findings highlight the potential of these natural extracts as sources of antioxidants, which could have implications for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. This is the firs...

Qais Abdulrahman M. Al-Jaghifi, Zina Saab Khudhir* 

...MRSA. In conclusion, the application of chitosan as a natural food-grade antibacterial agent against MRSA effectively reduced bacterial counts and maintained the bacteriological quality of beef sold in local markets. 

...

Sana Nawaz1, Shahzor Gul Khaskheli1*, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1, Inayatullah Rajper2, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh3, Ashfaque Ahmed Khaskheli1 and Shaista Soomro1

...r various industries and applications. Common and unconventional manufacturing processes for FV waste utilization are discussed, emphasizing the importance of adopting new technologies to achieve high recovery rates of substances that are bioactive. These extracted compounds hold potential applications in food, medicine, cosmetics, chemistry, and functional foods. Fruits and vegetables are highly valuable horticultural crops...

Abdul Mannan1*, Naveed Iqbal1, Randhawa1, Abdul Hanan1 and Abdul Qadeer1

...mpared to the pesticides application. To increase the quality about 0.2-0.5 in sugarcane recovery and more than 150 -200 mound per acre increases due to application of trichogramma cards. Whole minimum to high amount of trichogramma cards T3 600000 parasitoids eggs/acre growth was 42.07 note max high yield 35.51 ton/ha and more brix 20.1 were seen. The results showed that T. chilonis eggs card is successful and inexpensive a...

Umm-e-Kulsoom1, Saima Hashim2, Fazli Wahid3, Haseena Gulzar4 and Tamana Bakht5

...ato. Therefore selective application of these extracts in potato crop is suggested. However, further research is suggested to make concept of the allelopathy applicable and easy for the farmers.

...

Iqtidar Hussain1*, Mohammad Safdar Baloch, Ejaz Ahmad Khan and Asghar Ali Khan

...tively influenced by the application of neem, eucalyptus and tobacco aqueous extracts which means that maize plants showed poor morpho-physiological growth response against these solutions. Least allelopathic response was noted by the application of jaman and karir extract after control. Further studies are suggested to isolate the allelopathins from the neem and eucalyptus further studies and their use as herbicides for the...

Zuyang Zhou1, Xi He2, Yufang Liu1, Qiuling Li3, Pingqing Wang2, Yongfu An4, Ran Di1, Yuze Yang5 and Mingxing Chu1*

...ntial genetic marker for application of marker-assisted selection programmers to improve milk fat percentage in Chinese dairy cattle.

...

Mohammad Wasiullah Khan* and Abdur Rab

...n: justify;">Pre-harvest application of zinc sulphate enhanced growth and promotes post-harvest quality of fruits during storage. Plum fruit exhibits climacteric behavior and its quality characteristics depending on the harvest stage. The present research study entitles “Influence of zinc on pre and postharvest quality of plum” was conducted at Horticulture Research Farm and postharvest laboratory Department of Horticulture, The University of Agric...

Saima Maher1*, Salma javed2*, Gul mina1, Rizwana Salam1, Farah Mukhttar1, Noureen Khan3 and Fakhra Batool3 

...s, and develop practical application methods for field use. The research emphasizes the need for further investigations to isolate active components, optimize concentrations, and develop practical application methods for field use. These findings contribute to ongoing efforts aimed at developing environmentally sustainable nematode management solutions.

...
Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker1*,Nuratiqah Emran1, Nurul Elyni Mat Shaari1, Arba Aleem2, Zanariah Mohd Nor1 and Ali Majrashi3
...two weeks of growth, the application of CdCl2 was made with four treatments consisting of nutrient solution without CdCl2 (control) and 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM CdCl2-nutrient solution. Two weeks of plant growth were allowed before the experiment was terminated. At the end of the experiment, the chlorophyll content (SPAD), root and shoot length (cm), and fresh and dry weight (g) of plants were quantified accordingly. The increase in...

Suroor Hafedth Mohammed, Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini* 

...for further research and application in sheep breeding and reproduction to improve prolificacy in the field. 

...

Aytan Ilham Zeynalova1*, Fariz Shahin Alakbarov1, Dunya Ali Isayeva1 and Sait Engindeniz2

...ducted in 2017-2020. The applications were carried out in the trial area of the Plant Protection and Technical Plants Research Institute in the Samuh region of Azerbaijan. Local Ganja-110 cotton variety and S-6524 (Uzbekistan), Akala Beret (Israel), BA-440 (Türkiye), Tashauz-68 (Turkmenistan) and Selekt (Greece) cotton varieties brought from other countries were used as materials in the research.Varieties of cotton differ from each other in terms of the y...

Muhammad Nauman Hanif1*, Tanveer-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2*, Abid Hussain3 and Amar Matloob4

...7, and 15 days after the application of pesticides. The collected plant and soil samples dried and extracted to determine pesticide residues using the modified QuECHERS method. Pesticides residues assessment was performed on High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at the Pesticide Quality Control Laboratory, Multan. There were no pesticide residues were detected in the soil samples. While in the cauliflower 20% samples (out of 40 samples) contained pesti...

Elkhan Rajaf Allahverdiyev1*, Azer Agazade Khalilov2, Araz Mustafa Gasimov2, Zahid Gurban Khalilov2, Parvana Bahlul Bayramova2, Kamala Fatiaga Abilova2 and Sait Engindeniz3

..., the correct and timely application of organic and mineral fertilizers within the normal limit had a positive effect on the growth and development of plants sown in intercrops. The height of the mixed sowing sorghum plant increased to 245-255 cm, and the height of the pea plant increased to 100-110 cm in the variant with 10 t/ha+N70P125K90 of mineral and organic-mineral fertilizers. The researches prove that in the variant applied with organic-mineral fertili...
Wan Norhafizah Wan Azman and John Yew Huat Tang* 
...and 30 min) and physical applications (agitation and without agitation) were used to clean the sample. After being incubated for 48 h at 30oC, the numbers of L. monocytogenes was counted. It has been demonstrated that at a concentration of 1.5%, citric acid is efficient in eliminating L. monocytogenes without agitation. With a citric acid (1.0%), the effectiveness of citric acid in killing L. monocytogenes is greatly enhanced by...
Roshita Ibrahim1*, Anis Nursyazwani Aminuddin1 and Mohd Nizam Lani2
...ents included individual applications of electrical shock (12V; 13A) and high light intensity (1500 Lux) which were studied previously, as well as combined treatments of electrical shock with high light intensity (ES-HLI) and alternating treatments of these two stimuli (alternate ES-HLI). All the physically stimulated mushroom bags took a shorter spawning period (25-30 days) compared to the control (37 days). Electrical shock and combined ES-HLI treated bags h...
Mok Sam Lum, Nurul Fadhilah binti Aldam and Clament Fui Seung Chin* 
...weet corn through foliar application was evaluated. Independent variables were application rates of urea (120, 110, 100, 90, 80, and 0 kg ha-1) and aqueous Azolla extract (AE i.e. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 100%, v/v). Common variables were 60 kg/ha triple superphosphate (TSP), 90 kg/ha muriate of potash (MOP), and watering. The dependent variables were growth and yield parameters of sweet corn. One-way ANOVA was used...
Nor Adila Zulkifli1, Nurul Zaizuliana Rois Anwar1*, Zalilawati Mat Rashid1, Zarinah Zakaria1, Norshazila Shahidan2, Lee-Hoon Ho1 and Faridah Yahya3
...g to these findings, the application of ultrasounds at 20% for 5 minutes was the most suitable combination of amplitude and treatment time as it could minimize the increase in HMF. Thus, it can be concluded that ultrasound processing can be used as an alternative method to the producers in providing minimally-processed Kelulut honey and maintaining the quality of honey.
...

Ali Meawad Ahmed1, Asmaa I.A. Morsy1, Rehab E.M. Gaafar2, Nada Ibrahim H. Ahmed1

...y was to investigate the application of a refractometer device in the freshness and quality assessment of the Nile tilapia by measuring the fish eye’s fluid salinity and its correlation to sensory and bacteriological parameters. A total of 150 Nile tilapia samples were sensory evaluated by the quality index method, then bacteriologically evaluated for total bacterial, enterobacteriacae counts, and for the incidence of E. coli and Salmonella. In addition,...

Naglaa A. El-Taib1*, Asmaa T. Talayea2, Hanan R. Ghanayem3

...spectively. In contrast, application of 0.1, 0.3-, and 3-mM concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes could not induce E. coli o157 into VBNC state but only significancy (P<0.05) decreased the count of viable cells from 6.93±0.04 (100%) to 6.49±0.03 CFU/ml (93.7%),6.04±0.06 CFU/ml (87.2%), and 4.79±0.01 CFU/ml (69.1%), respectively. Thus, treatment with chlorine was more potent in induction E. coli O157 into VBNC state a...

Muhammad Salim1,2*, Muhammad Zakria2, Ahmad Ur Rahman Saljoqi2, Shahid Sattar2, Ayhan Gökçe1, Amjad Usman3 and Hayat Badshah4

...easing trend after spray application of each extract of P. hysterophorus. Post-spray data revealed that the plot treated with flower extracts had the highest mean number of aphids (32.00 plant-1), whereas the least mean number of S. avenae was recorded for stem extracts (25.00 plant-1) after 1 day application. However, after 14 days a significantly lower mean number of aphids was recorded in plot treated with stem extracts (...
Khaled A. El-Dougdoug1, Wael S. El-Araby2* and Rehab, A. Dawoud3
...es, in addition to their application to drug administration, are discussed. The utilize of VLPs for drug delivery in model systems is discussed, and various examples of its effectiveness are highlighted.
...

Md Kamrul Hasan1,2, Hong-Seok Mun1,3, Keiven Mark Bigtasin Ampode1,4, Eddiemar Baguio Lagua1,5, Hae-Rang Park1,5, Young-Hwa Kim6, Md Sharifuzzaman1,7, Chul-Ju Yang1,5*

...tly due to its potential applications across various industries, including the livestock sector. To facilitate the adoption and integration of DT technologies in livestock farming systems, this study aims to discern and appraise the most recent advancements by assessing scientific and technological progressions. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review of the literature to determine the status of DT application<...

Soumia Ed-Day1*, Meryam Laanaya1, Chaimae El Kourchi3, Radia Elgui1, Fatima Ezzahra Kacimi2, Latifa Didou1, Samira Boulbaroud2, Hicham Harhar3, Fatima-Zahra Azzaoui1

...eir possible therapeutic applications in illness prevention and treatment. This study aims to determine the acute oral toxicity of the ethanolic extract obtained from Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi fruits and assess the impact of the berries extract on behavioral patterns in Wistar rats. Methods: 48 adult female Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=8) and administered orally (by gavage) the following doses: 2.5, 5, 25, 50, and 250 mg/kg of the ethanolic...

Mostafa R. Zaher1,2*, Amir A. Shehata1, Azza M. El Amir2, Naglaa M. Hagag1, Reham H. Tammam3**

...ng RNA vaccines, and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and computational biology in vaccine design. These methodologies may offer solutions for the challenges posed by the foot-and-mouth disease virus’s high mutation rate, antigenic variability, and the need for enhanced protection and thermostability.
 
Keywords | Foot-and-mouth disease, Vaccine, Exosomes, Cell-free, Artificial intelligence, Adjuvant
...

Mahmoud Saber1, Sabry A. Mousa2, Hisham A. Abdelrahman3, Eman Rashad4, Ramadan Sary5, Meray N. Ramsis5*

... and DOSS have practical applications in industries ranging from environmental cleanup to personal care, ongoing research is essential to optimize their use, understand their environmental impact, and explore alternatives and new applications in biomedical and advanced materials fields. SLS revealed more harmful effects than DOSS, causing the ruminal mucosa and ruminal papillae to shorten, degenerate, and burn, especially at...

Ningyu Zhu, Runzhen He, Qianrong Liang, Xiaoye Zheng, Gaohua Yao, Wenjun Ma and Xueyan Ding*

José J. Cedeño-Díaz1, Caridad A. Torres-García1, Marina García1, Freddy Zambrano-Gavilanes1, Naga Raju Maddela2* and Felipe R. Garcés-Fiallos3*
...luate the effects of the application of organic fertilizers such as caster seed cake (Ricinus communis L.), physic nut seed cake (Jatropha curcas L.), and vermicompost on seedlings and adult plants of INIAP H-603 maize under semi- controlled and field conditions at the Pacific coastal Ecuador. Unfertilized and urea-fertilized plants were used as controls in both environments. Under the greenhouse conditions, different phytometric characteristics ...

Qasim Jawad Amer, Wissam Ahmed Sabah Al-Janabi* 

...esults. This justify the application of molecular techniques in diagnosis of T.evansi for accurate dentificationn and characterizaiton of infection in camels. 

...

Anas A. Humadi1*, Samer I. Sabeeh2, Ahmed Talib Yassen Aldossary3, Bushra I. Al-Kaisei2 

...osmetic and agricultural application. In order to understand the impact of Syzygium aromaticum against C. auris, 30 white male mice (aged 2-3 month and 35-40 gram of bodyweight were divided into 3 groups. The first group (n=10) acted as untreated control group; the second group of mice (n=10) received a single intraperitoneal administration of 2x 108 cell of C. auris. In another group of 10 mice, animals were subjected to a single intraperitoneal of 2x108 cell...

Abeer S. Hafez1, Shereen M. Aly1, Dalia M. A. Elmasry2*, H. A. Hussein3, Marwa A. Abdelmagid4

...an additive with vaccine application in chickens will be of add value in term of growth, immune status and organs health.
 
Keywords: Propolis, Nanoemulsion, Growth performance, Immunity, Pathological finding
...

Diaa El-Boraey1, Mousa A. Ayoub1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Said Ibrahim Fathalla3, Ibrahim Said Abu-alya3, Mohamed Abaza4, Ahmed R. Gado5, Mobarez A.A.6, Nehal K. Alm Eldin6

Chang Guoliang1,2*, Pan Zhengjun1,2, Zhu Chuankun1,2, Zhao Haitao1,2
Yan Zhang3, Summaya Rajput4 and Laghari M. Younis4*
... lysolecithin has a good application potential to replace a certain amount of SO in the diet of M. nipponense.

...

Masoumeh Younesabadi1*, Parviz Sharifi Ziveh2 and Sepideh Hatami3

...ults of this experiment, application of 45-60 g ha-1 of thifensulfuron-methyl can be recommended for the control of broad-leaved weeds in soybean crop.

...
Jalal Ahmed Khan1, Ishfaq Ahmed Hafiz1, Ayesha Maryam2, Sher Muhammad2 and Rashid Iqbal Khan1,3*
...re found in 40 ppm AgNo3 application. Similarly, the best outcomes regarding reproductive parameters were observed from 40 ppm AgNo3. Thus, the use of nanoparticles is suggested as a promising technique to create a healthier environment for optimizing growth and productivity of Gloxinia flower.

...
Tayyaba Gul Tareen1*, Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen2, Muhammad Aamir3, Jehanzeb Khan1 and Naveed Jan4
...e EV and APFs power grid applications. This paper emphasizes scrutinizing EV battery chargers for operating a novel battery design and topologies with reduced switch count topologies. The primary focus of this paper is the compilation of relevant publications pertaining to advanced reduced switch count topologies and intricate control schemes designed for redesigning voltage source inverters (VSIs). Additionally, a detailed assessment of the latest advancement...
Syed Zeeshan Ahmed Naqvi1, Aftab Khan1*, Abdul Majid2, Tahir Javed1 and Muhammad Huzaifa1 
 
...tion of the multifaceted applications of machine learning across diverse sectors. It explores how machine learning is reshaping industries including accommodation, tourism, manufacturing, supply chain, energy and utilities, transportation and logistics, water management and environment, retail and hospitality, pharmaceutical and healthcare, and technology and innovation. This research delves into specific use cases within each industry, highlighting the unique...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi* and Abigail Abosede Olojede 

...n at the above volume of application against (50 mMole) 25mL. Thus, we suggest that green synthesis of AgNPs could serve as an eco-friendly method of combating nematode pests of cabbage.

...
Khalid Abdullah1, Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid2*, Muhammad Safdar Baloch3, Iqtidar Hussain3, Zuhair Hasnain4 and Muhammad Naeem2
...he mango trees; 4) twice application of intermittent food bait during the fruiting season. It was evident from the obtained results that tested IPM practices reduced infestation of fruit flies 0.4% in dropped and 0.8% in harvested fruits respectively compared to that of farmer’s practices (conventional approach) where 7 and 10.5% infestation of fruit flies was recorded in dropped and harvested fruits. In conclusion, the IPM protocol comprising of the com...

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture

September

Vol.40, Iss. 3, Pages 680-1101

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