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Rehmat Ullah1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Kalim Ullah2

...cs and MFSC registration duration and Rank Based Quotient was calculated for problem identification. It was found that machinery was provided to almost half of the respondents. Similarly seed was the most provided input followed by fertilizers. Top most source of agriculture information was input dealers followed by Model Farm Services Center. The top learned skills by respondents in MFSC were the agronomic practices whereas there was big gap in horticultural ...

Ilham Ulla, G. Arjumand, Nawab Ali and Mohammad Akmal*

...f the moon-soon outbreak duration in the season. Present study was aimed to quantify delay-sowing response with increasing N-rate on crop productivity at Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan. Sunflower (cv. Hysun-33) was planted on different dates i.e. Jul. 1, 11 and 21 treated with different N-rates starting from 40 kg ha-1 with a 40 kg increment to the maximum of 160 (kg ha-1) including a control treatment...

Muhammad Imran*, Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Farooq Nasir, Imran Bodlah, Muhammad Nasir and Umer Ayyaz Aslam Sheikh

... (mother queen) survival duration was the lowest in cardboard box (64.6 days) while highest in polycarbonate box (109.5 days). Mortality of workers and males was 2.1-fold less in polycarbonate as compare to cardboard and wooden materials. Such important abiotic affect of rearing environment suggests polycarbonate boxes the most suitable on all three developmental stages of bumblebees for efficient commercial mass rearing.

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G.E. Odo1*, E.J. Agwu1, N.I. Ossai2, C.O. Ezea3, J. Madu1 and V. Eneje2

...monocytes throughout the duration of exposure and decrease in the lymphocytes . The results on gill and liver tissues sampled showed concentration and time dependent significant increase (p < 0.005) in the values of malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Similarly, aluminium phosphide enhanced levels of AST, ALT and ALP as both con...
Rashid Mahmood1*, Saima Asad2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Waqar Ahmad1, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1, Ammara Balouch1 and Muhammad Khalid Rafique1
... was recorded for 10 min duration on hourly basis between 0800 h to 1600 h for 3 days per week. The data was collected at 0800–1000 hours (early morning foraging activity), 1000-1200 hours (late morning foraging activity), 1200-1400 hours (Noon foraging activity) and 1400-1600 hours (afternoon foraging activity). The pollen collected in the pollen trap trays at regular intervals for a period of one month using pollen traps fitted at the entrance of the h...
Zafrullah Khan1, Shah Alam Khan1*, Hamayoon Khan2, Naeem Khan3, Khwaja Junaid1 and Inamullah Khan1
...f progeny in only 7 days duration. The other wheat cultivars (Pirsabaq-2004, Saleem-2000, Atta-Habib, Khushal-69, Sarhad-82 and Khyber–87) also did not show any antixenosis or tolerance category of resistance to the R. padi. This study concludes, Serin-2010’ as standard resistant cultivar for future breeding program.
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Pinar Oztopcu-Vatan1, Gokhan Kus2, Emine Inan3, Melek Gunindi Korkut3, Selda Kabadere4,* and Ruhi Uyar4
...h the same dose and time duration decreased the number of surviving cells by 87 %. Treatments with 150, 200 and 250 µM licofelone caused early apoptotic cell rates of 4, 15 and 24 % for 24 h and 6, 13 and 24 % for 48 h, respectively. In addition, 150, 200 and 250 µM of 5-Fluorouracil resulted early apoptotic cell values of 13, 12, and 11 % for 24 h and 18, 22 and 16 % for 48 h. This study revealed that licofelone possesses dose and time dependent a...

SK Fashi Alam, Atanu Seni and Ajoy K Sahoo

Biology of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera) on sprouted potato and brinjal plant
...e 1:1.75 and 1:1.87. The duration from nymphs to adult female was 28 days on brinjal plant and 25 days on sprouted potato tubers. The pre-¬oviposition period was 6.37 ± 1.29 days and 6.89±0.84 days on brinjal and sprouted potato respectively. The average oviposition period was 5.89±0.89 days and 7.5±0.52 days on brinjal plant and sprouted potato tubers. Fecundity rate was 205¬278 eggs/female.

Vladimir Avdalovic1, Marijana Vucinic2, Radmila Resanovic3, Jelena Avdalovic4, Danka Maslic-Strizak5 and Milos Vucicevic3*
...elleted wheat straw. The duration of the trial was 42 days. Moisture content in litter materials and FPD occurrence and severity were assessed weekly. First signs of FPD were observed in 21-day old chickens reared on chopped wheat straw (FPD score = 0.52±0.10) and a week later in a group of birds kept on pelleted straw (FPD score = 0.34±0.07). At the end of the experiment in both groups of broilers percentage of severe FPD was high. Severe lesion...

Niamatullah Khan1*, Najeeb Ullah2, Inam Ullah2 and Asif Imran Shah1

...nment and shorter growth duration, respectively. Thus it is concluded that DNH-105 planted on April 01 suits well to the study area and had the potential to optimize cotton yield and quality in irrigated condition of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.

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Kamran A. Awan1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal3

... for a relatively longer duration i.e. December 5-15 over the others varieties. Atta-Habib also performed relatively better for sowing made on November 25 and Chakwal-50 on November 15. Overall GY reduced when wheat sowing postpones from December 5 in the season. Grains protein was observed high for sowing made on November 15-25 for wheat varieties Dharabi, Shahkar-2013, Pakhtunkhuwa-2015 and Ghanemat-2015 as un-irrigated crop for the area. The study suggests...

Syed Tanveer Shah* and Muhammad Sajid 

...oncentration and storage duration significantly affected all the studied attributes. More fruit firmness (5.57 and 5.69 kg cm2), less Total soluble solids [TSS] (8.57 and 8.26 °Brix) and TSS-acid ratio (12.62 and 11.48) were recorded by the alone application of calcium chloride at 1.0% calcium concentration, respectively. The effect of calcium sources and concentration on the rest of the quality attributes were found non-significant. The means for storage ...
Asim Gulzar1,*, Ather Maqsood1, Munir Ahmed1, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Ali2 and Rahmatullah Qureshi3
...creased larval and pupal duration as compared with control. The percent pupation, adult emergence and pupal weight decreased in treated populations as compared with control populations. The results of this study can be used in integrated pest management program for the management of H. armigera.
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Tahira*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan and Mubashar Ahmad Khan
...er XI (CRH-80) was short durational and high yielding mainly due to more branches and pods per plant.CRH-35 in cluster-VI was high yielding and has more seeds per pod. Similarly in second year, these thirty-six Brassica hybrids were grouped into ten clusters. Cluster-I consist of seven hybrids. Analysis for mean and standard deviation showed that hybrids in Cluster-VII (Hyola-401) was short durational and produced more numbe...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Sara Ferrando4, Lorenzo Gallus4 and Syed Sajjad A. Shah2,3
...romis niloticus. The duration of study was 56 days. Brooders (48) having mean weight (male 162±0.2 g and female 160±2.5 g) were selected and stocked into hapa nets in 12 fiberglass tanks (2000-liter). Ratio among male and female was 1:3. They were fed with commercial floating pelleted feed constituting 35% crude protein with 2% body weight twice a day. Eggs were collected on weekly basis by cultch removal method. Results showed that the highe...

Fazal Ullah1*, Muhammad Sajid1, Syeda Leeda Gul2, Bibi Zainub1 and Maaz Khan

... 15 Minutes) and storage durations (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Days). Hot water dipping times significantly affected the quality parameters of Sherkhana-I sweet orange fruits. The fruits of sweet orange having hot water dipping time of 15 minutes showed the maximum fruit juice content (51.07%), volume (141.94 ml), firmness (2.41 Kg.cm-2), acidity (1.50%) and ascorbic acid (34.50%). The storage durations also had significant effect...

 Mazher Abbas*, Muhammad Waqas Akram**, Ikram Saeed*** and Arshed Bashir*

...luding high yield, short duration varieties to maximize the returns of canola growers. Public efforts are urgently required to ensure timely disposal of canola produce and prompt payment.

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Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1*, Rehmat Ullah1, Asif Nawaz1 and Ejaz Ashraf2 

... (P≤0.05) between the duration of registration with Farm Services centers, fertilizers and farm machinery provided to the respondents. Farm Services Center’s performed their commitment very well with respect to empowerment of farmers in different agrarian practices like decision making, farm management, varietal selection, management of weed, and selection of fertilizer. Private agricultural companies were also playing their role in technological brea...

 Javed Khan, Ehsan-ul-Haq, Naheed Akhtar, Waseem Ahmad Gillani*, Naila Assad**, M.Asif Masood and Irum Raza*

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF IMMATURE STAGES OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON RICE MEAL MOTH, CORCYRA CEPHALONICA EGGS
...fy;"> Developmental durations of immature stages of Chrysoperla carnea, feeding on Corcyra cephalonica eggs at three constant temperatures 24 ±1 ºC, 28 ±1 ºC and 32 ±1 °C were studied. The results indicated that incubation period was 4.9±0.08, 3.8±0.08 and 3.0±0.06 days at three temperatures, respectively. Developmental duration of first instar were 3.6±0.07...

 Asrar Ali*, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Abdul Rehman***, Javed Khan, Waseem Ahmad Gillani** and Maria Rauf*

BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF MENOCHILUS SEXMACULATUS FAB. (COLEOPTERA:COCCINELLIDAE) AT VARYING TEMPERATURE ON RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI L.
...°C. The total larval duration of predator was 9.47, 7.70 and 5.49 days, respectively. Duration of pupal period ranged between 2.21 and 4.35 days on R. padi at three temperatures. The pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods were between 4.64 and 7.48, 24.99 and 39.93 and 4.76 and 8.09 days, respectively on R. padi. Mean predatory potential of all larval instars ranged from 148 to 162 aphids, respectively...

 Rizwana Sultan*, Javed Khan, Ehsan ul Haq, Tariq Mehmood**, Roshan Zada Khattak***, and Naheed Akhtar**

BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF TRICHOGRAMMA CHILONIS ISHII (TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) FEEDING ON SITOTROGA CEREALELLA EGGS AT THREE CONSTANT TEMPERATURES
...he maximum developmental duration (9.6 ± 0.32 days) and adult longevity (4.3 ± 0.38 days) was at 24 ±1 °C while minimum was 7.4 ±0.36 and 2.0 ±0.56 days at 32 ± 1 °C. The results indicate that temperature has a significant effect on the biological parameters of Trichogramma and with increasing temperature developmental duration decreased. Similarly effect of host eggs age ind...

 Maria Rauf*, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Javed Khan**, Abdul Rehman***, Waseem Ahmad Gillani* and Asrar Ali**

BIOLOGY AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA LINN. ON SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM APHID UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS
...respectively. The larval durations were 29.5, 15.9 and 8.1 days with predatory potential of 573.7, 575.0 and 667.8 aphids per larvae. The results indicated that with increasing temperature, developmental duration decreases significantly. The pupal developmental duration was 14.0, 9.2 and 5.2 days, respectively which are significantly different from each other. The adult male and female lon...

 Javed Khan*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Habib Iqbal Javed*, Tariq Mahmood*,
Awais Rasool*, Naheed Akhtar and Saleem Abid**

BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON WHEAT APHID SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
...ility. The developmental duration of first, second and third instar larvae were 3.2 ± 0.13, 4.0±0.21 and 4.8±0.25 days, respectively. The total larval developmental duration was 12.0 ±0.67 days with 85.05% survival rate of larvae. The larval predatory potential was 414.6±0.05 aphid per larvae. The total duration and survival rate from egg to adult emergen...

 Muhammad Ali*, Ghulam Mustafa Sajid**, M. Faisal Anwar Malik*** and Kalimullah****

ESTABLISHMENT OF IN VITRO CULTURE OF GRAPES
... accession and treatment duration. In conclusion, this protocol proved to be useful in optimizing the dose and duration of the treatment of grape explants with the surface disinfectant.

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 Inayat-Ur-Rahman*, Shamsher Ali**, Mukhtar Alam*, Mohammad Adnan*, Hidayat ullah*, Muhammad Faisal Anwar Malik*, Abdul Sattar Shah* Mohammad Ibrahim*

EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING ON GERMINATION PERFORMANCE AND YIELD OF OKRA ( L.)
...ts osmotic potential and duration significantly affected germination percentage, which increased as osmotic potential lowered from 0 to -1.2 Mpa while further lowering osmotic potential to -1.6 Mpa and below adversely affected germination. Similarly, germination percentage significantly enhanced as priming duration increased from 6h to 12h but further increase in duration from 12h to 18h c...
Filiz Kutluyer* 
...g sperm motility and its duration, fertility and hatching rate of eggs. The results from the present study indicated that addition of L-tryptophan increased the motility rate and duration in O. mykiss, S. rizeensis and S. coruhensis compared to control group. Highest sperm motility rate and its duration, and fertility and hatching rate of eggs of O. mykiss, S...
Grace C. Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie, Christopher D. Nwani*, R.N.N. Obiezue and I.C. Okoye
...cedures within the study duration. Meteorological data on relative humidity and temperature was obtained from Centre for Basic Space Science, Nsukka, Enugu State. Overall recorded malaria prevalence at the hospitals from January to July was 72.8%. Malaria prevalence was highest in the month of July (90.3%) and least in February (55.4%). Majority of these infections were mild. Overall, more females compared to males were infected in the hospitals sampled (p <...
Zahida Parveen1, Safdar Sidra1*, Bushra Nisar Khan2
...nd fed to the birds over duration of one week each. During the fourth week, all three diets were combined and offered to the peafowls. The feed was pre-weighed and the leftover feed was collected and weighed the next day before offering the new feed. According to previous reports at site, the peafowls were preferred to poultry feed but in present research, the diet preference was in order of maize >millet >poultryfeed. During feeding, the behavioral patt...
Nausheen Irshad1,*, Imran Yousaf1, Tariq Mahmood2 and Muhammad Saeed Awan1
...of the animal in a short duration of six months are indicative of its illegal hunting for its skin or in self-defense. Therefore, immediate conservation measures are needed to protect the species. The other aspects of leopard ecology like habitat requirement, food and major threats are yet to be identified and addressed.
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Ayesha Iftikhar1,*, Muhammad Asif Aziz1, Muhammad Naeem1, Munir Ahmad1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...he results, the immature duration and adult longevity were comparatively longer at lower temperature (24 ± 0.5 °C) and shorter at higher temperatures. Among population dynamic parameters, net reproductive rate (R0) was 216.52, 105.99 and 27.07 off-springs per individual, intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.1543, 0.1600 and 0.1518 off-springs per female per day at 27 ± 0.5, 24 ± 0.5, and 32 ± 4.0 °C,...

Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Veraldo Liesenberg2 and Syed Shehzad Hassan1  

...ts were obtained for the duration between (April 03-June 22) 2014, with a temporal window of 16 days to delineate YSB vulnerability from egg laying to pupa evolution stage. The results obtained highlight that 73% of the investigation area were venerable for a female YSB to lay 100-143 eggs on April 03, that increased up to 96% to lay 148-176 eggs on April 19, due to increase in temperature. On May 05, about 5377 km2 area was found in egg hatching phase, on May...

Mohammed Zaki Fathy* 

...travenously). The onset, duration, and recovery times were recorded for each group. Heart rate, respiratory rates, and rectal temperature were recorded. Blood samples were collected at 0, 20, 40, 80 minutes and 12 hours after administration for detection the hematological changes. Results showed that the onset, duration and total recovery times of anesthesia were 7.33±3.05 min and 3.33±1.53 min, 26.33±3...
Hafiz Manzoor Ahmad1,*, Hamad Bin Rashid1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Muhammad Rafi Ullah2 and Usman Ghani1
...14±0.04 min). The duration of sedation in the ducks anesthetized with K+X+D was prolonged (127.42±18.60 min) than K+X (87.33±6.74 min). The recovery of ducks from sedation was recorded quicker in K+X (89.53±6.22 min) than K+X+D (128.56±18.52 min). Onset of analgesia in ducks anesthetized by K+X was delayed (3.22±0.54) than K+X+D (1.67±0.77 min). The duration of analgesia in th...

Anish Shrestha* and Samata Baral 

...infall pattern, rainfall duration, onset of the monsoon, and changes from summer and winter etc. Some farmers realized the change in climate and its impact on their usual farming practices. But, majority of farmers (57.88%) are still unaware about climate change and how to deal with it. Among total respondent, only 15% of them stated that their source of awareness about climate change was extension worker, which indicates very minimal interaction between farme...
Rahim Dad Brohi1,*, Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro1, Allah Bux Kachiwal1, Illahi Bux Kalhoro1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1, Sarfaraz Ahmed2, Farhan Anwar Khan3, Hira Sajjad Talpur1, Zia-ur-Rehman1 and Dinesh Bhattaria4
...smn; 0.1667 seconds) and duration of anesthesia (thiopentone sodium, 14.50 ± 0.2236 and propofol, 13.22 ±0.1014 min), and a full recovery from anaesthesia (thiopentone sodium, 13.67 ± 0.4216; and propofol, 12.45 ± 0.2432 min) were differed from one another. Comparing the results of this study, it is concluded that the intravenous therapy of propofol caused a smooth quality of induction and recovery from anesthesia. Based on the meas...

 Phong Huy Pham

Nesting biology of a spider wasp Auplopus sp. (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) in Vietnam
... days, respectively. The duration of egg to adult development ranged from 68 to 75 days.

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Muhammad S. Waqas, Ali A.Z. Shoaib, Xinlai Cheng, Qianqian Zhang, Asem S.S. Elabasy and Zu-hua Shi*
...females lived for longer durations than the mated ones. Sexual reproduction with short lived males may imply potential for control practices that target males; for example, application of sex pheromone for trapping and killing male, or spraying of chemicals during the time of male activity, may be an effective practice for the management of this pest.
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Ali Zohaib1*, Saima Yousaf1,2, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Tahira Tabassum1, Tasawer Abbas3, Wardah Muzaffar1 and Wasiq Ikram2 

...af area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate and dry matter yield. Seed inoculation with P. fluorescens produced more pronounced results for all the studied traits as compared to R. japonicum. The tested genotypes of soybean did not differ for allometric traits and dry matter yield; however, EBR4V4 produced the tallest plants. In conclusion, seed inoculation of soybean improved the growth, allometric traits and dry matter yield of soybean, and could be ...
Zhongquan Zhao*, Tianyuan Yang, Lei Qiao, Qijie He and Zinuo Dai
...0.1±0.5 days. The duration of the natural estrous period of Dazu black goat (41.4±8.6 h) was longer than these reported goat breeds and was not significant difference among the different litter sizes does in the breed. The semen quality was high in different seasons. Dazu black goats might have shorter gestation period (147.9±1.7 days) and have longer kidding interval (237.8±4.6 days). The percentages of singletons, twins, triplets ...

Nadejda Lukanova1*, Radka Vlaeva2 and Boriana Ivanova

...e month of covering, and duration of covering estimated in days. We calculated duration of covering, length of gestation, gestation length in accordance with the foal gender (in days) and gestation length in accordance with the month of covering. 

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Muhammad Asad Saleem1,*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Mudssar Ali1, Muhammad Amin2, Muhammad Tayyab1,3 and Sumaira Maqsood4
...f treatment, development duration of RPW was disturbed. Integration of Bb and Nit delays the development and diet uptake in RPW which can be used for agent of control for this cryptic insect.
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Zafrullah Khan* and Shah Alam Khan 

...ions for three different durations of time (12, 24 and 48 hours) during spring and autumn potato growing seasons of 2016. Both the experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design. Each experiment having eight treatments and each treatment was replicated 10 times. The replicated pots containing each of the eight potato cultivars were infested with 100 and 200 adult of M. persicae. Significant antixenosis effects among the tested potato cultivars...
Muhammad Nasir1,*, Ata-ul-Mohsan2, Shafqat Saeed3, Munir Ahmad2, Muhammad Asif Aziz2 andMunir Ahmad4
...dm;C), (4-6 ºC) and duration (two and three months) showed the highest survival rate of the queens after diapause period of two months at 1-3 ºC. Highest colony initiation rate was observed at 1-3 ºC for three months duration. Early pre-oviposition period and early emergence of the first worker in a colony was also observed at three months diapause period at diapause temperature of 1-3 ºC. Larger colony s...
Rıfat Ertekin1*, Mete Ozkurt1, Gokhan Kus2 and Selda Kabadere1
...epending on the dose and duration of exposure. According to PCR results, caspase-9 activity increased incrementally in groups given 50 μM of TA. The increase in the apoptosis of LNCaP cells may be due to the rising amount of TA concentration. In our study, in 25, 50, and 100 μM TA groups, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) decreased incrementally compared to the control group. Considering overstimulation of COX-2 paths in emergence of cancer or in metastasis, this...

Aliya Ayaz, Gohar Ayub, Maqsood Khan* and Syed Aizaz Ali Shah 

...was comprised of dipping durations i.e. 0, 6, 12, and 18 hours respectively. Gibberellic acid concentrations and dipping durations had significant effect on the growth and yield of bitter gourd. Gibberellic acid concentration at @ 60 mgL-1 significantly reduced days to emergence and days to first flower, while increased germination percentage, number of fruits plant-1, fruit length, fruit weight, plant height, yield plot-1, ...
Wang Zaigui1,*, Guo Panpan1, Ye Miao1, Sun Linghong1, Zhang Hongfu2 and Liu Chaoliang1,*
...: (1) In the larval duration of 3rd instar silkworm, average weight gain (AWG) and feed conversion ratio (RFC) were not significantly affected with the use of B. subtilis, but the remaining amount of mulberry leaves (RAML) was significantly decreased contrasting to the blank group (P<0.05). (2) In the larval duration of 4th instar silkworm, adding B. subtilis to the feed cou...
Huma Naz1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq3, Laiba Shafique4, Ghazala Nazeer5
... as compare to control. Aduration-specific damage to DNA was observed in RBCs of C. catla.
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Khansa Nazir1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Humayun Javed2
...tly proportional to time duration as it increased with an increase in number of days. It is concluded from the present study that AgNP possess nematicidal activity against root-knot nematodes and can act as an alternative to high-risk synthetic nematicides or inconsistent biological control agents without causing any phytotoxicity.
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Muhammad Ilyas* and Fida Mohammad 

... maturity, grain filling duration, grain growth rate, grains spike-1, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Averaged over eight environments, wheat RIL’s 44, 55, and 25 were desirable for days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling duration, grain growth rate, grains spike-1 and grain yield. Mean grain yield ranged from 1613 to 2471 kg ha-1 across environments. Among the tested environments, Sarai Naurang (E3 and E7)...
Maliha Ayub1, Muhammad Javed1, Fariha Latif 1*, Faiza Ambreen2, Komal Sabir1
...sub>) of manganese for a duration of 30 days in the glass aquaria of 70L water capacity. After 30-day exposure, antioxidant (peroxidase) activity was measured in the fish liver, kidney, gills and brain and then compared with control group. The results showed that the antioxidant activity increased significantly in all organs of metal stressed fish as compared to the control fish. Among all test concentrations, the activity of antioxidant enzyme (peroxidase) wa...
QihangLiu1,2, YueliJiang2, Tong Li2, Jin Miao2, Zhongjun Gong2, Yun Duan2, and YuqingWu2*
... response of the longest duration. In terms of the impact on thoracic temperature, the different intensities of violet light caused the temperature to increase the most, followed by UV light and then orange light. Thus, the effect of the visual response on physiology (indicated by the change in thoracic temperature) was determined by the level of light intensity and wavelength. Increasing the stimulation time with increasing light intensity but with the same l...
Mo Chen1, Shad Mahfuz1, 2, Yan Cui1, Liying Jia1, Zhongjun Liu3 and Hui Song1, 4*
... group. The experimental duration was total 63 days, from 30 wk to 39 wk. Serum total antioxidant (T-AOC) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in 6%FVS than control; glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in FVS fed groups and control groups than in the antibiotic fed group; Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly lower (P<0.05) in FVS fed groups and antibiotic groups than in the control fed group. However, there was no signifi...

Nosheen1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2* and Khalid Abbas1 

...between POD activity and duration of exposure. It was also concluded that antioxidants enzymes can be used as a valuable biomarker of oxidative stress in aquatic animals. 

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Ankur Abrol, Madhumeet Singh, Akshay Sharma* and Pravesh Kumar 

...endent on the degree and duration of condition and can be categorised into 3 successive stages i.e. stage of positive prognosis, stage of less positive prognosis and stage of negative prognosis. Body condition assessment of the dam is of paramount importance as it can provide a snapshot about the possible prognosis of the animal diagnosed with uterine torsion. 

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Turab Ali Kaurajo1*, Huma Rizwana1, Gulbahar Khaskheli2, Muhammad Haroon Baloch1, Muhammad Naeem Rajput1, Asad Ali Khaskheli3 and Mohsin Solangi

Qaisar Jamal*, Akram Shah, Syed Basit Rasheed and Muhammad Adnan
...or prolong (over a week) duration resulted in the acidification of medium and change to viable amastigotes that could be successfully retransformed to promastigotes. Use of orthophosphoric acid for acquiring acidic medium to transform promastigotes to amastigotes proved effective. 
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Khursheed Ahmed, Shoaib Freed*, Rana Fartab Shoukat and Kanwar Waqas Ahmad
...le increased the nymphal duration. The results indicated that these entomopathogenic fungi can provide better control in combination with insecticides and can be used in integrated pest management for reducing the population density of O. hyalinipennis.
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Shahzad Khan1*, Inayatullah Jan1 and Syed Fahad Shah2 

...fforts lead to long term duration for the tenants which usually make interest of the landlord to offer the land on fixed tenancy contracts. Thus, tenants are unable to provide proper investments efforts to their plots. In order to fulfill the gap in sustainable agricultural practices, proper training and policy implication is needed. Thus, policy makers in agricultural institutions must provide proper attention to the agricultural challenges in the region.&nbs...
Yanyan Yu1,2,3, Yizhong Hu1, Qipeng Zhang1, Rongquan Zheng1,4,*, Bing Shen1, Shenshen Kong1 and Ke Li1
...rence functions for call duration and call rate, and recorded and analysed the properties of 756 advertisement calls from 40 males at five reproductive stages and conducted single-stimulus phonotaxis experiments to estimate female preference for different acoustic parameters. Our studies have shown Q. spinosa may have female mating preferences and possible variations in calls at five reproductive stages (from April to September). Correlations were estab...
Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel
...significantly, while the duration time of flight, number of fights, nasonasal, nasogenital and rears were decreased significantly. The latency to first bite was significantly increased, however the number of bites was decreased dramatically when compared with control. Motor activity and grip strength data were decreased significantly in exposed offsping. Interestingly, blood parameters like packed cell volume, red blood cell count, hemoglobin content, platelet...
Guoan Yin1,2, Lei Wang1, Xiaoyu Zhao1, LangchaoYu1, Liwei Guan1 and 
Dapeng Huang1,2*
...eek after farrowing, the duration of postures was analyzed, including lateral lying, ventral lying, sitting, and standing. Gestation crates can encourage sow’s sitting behaviour during the first week of postpartum (P=0.032), farrowing crates could increase sow’s lateral lying during 1-4 weeks of postpartum (P=0.001), while the sows reared in farrowing pens performed more ventral lying and standing than farrowing crates (P=0.002; P=0.001, respective...

Muhammad Rasheed*, Tayyaba Naseer, Asma Hassan, Fayaz ul Hassan, Rifat Hayat, Ghulam Jilani, Samman Gul Vaseer and Muhammad Bilal Ali 

...x (1.9323) and leaf area duration (110.84). Among the different lentil cultivars, NIA 2005 gave the better response regarding these traits. The maximum fresh weight plant-1 (7.2560 g) and dry weight plant-1 (0.6047 g) was recorded at treatment BS3 and among the different cultivars, NIA 2005 depicted better response than other two cultivars. Crop growth rate showed maximum value (3.3977 gm-2day-1) at treatment BS3 and among the cultivars, NIA 2005 gave highest ...
Ahsan Numan1,4, Khadija Irfan Khawaja2, Abdul Basit Qureshi3Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf4, Imtiaz Rabbani4, Hafsa Zaneb5 and Habib Rehman4*
...p < 0.05), had longer duration of DMT2 (p<0.01), elevated systolic blood pressure (p<0.05), blood sugar (p < 0.05), HbA1c (p<0.001), cholesterol (p<0.01), LDL (p<0.001), triglycerides (p<0.05) and more obese (p<0.01) when compared with the diabetic patients without clinical DSP. Occurrence of fatty liver was more (p<0.01) frequently seen in the patients with the DSP (87.80%) than having no clinical DSP (83.17%). Multipl...
Jiao Qin,Qian-Qian Su and Quan-Sheng Liu* 
...bergoline. Moreover, the duration of investigation toward normal females in the 50 µg/kg groups at day 3 exceeded that of pre-treatment. The females treated by 100µg/kg cabergoline increased the frequency of investigation towards normal females and self-grooming and resting than pre-treatment. The duration of female investigation and defense towards normal males was lower in the 50-µg/kg groups at day 7 tha...
Qaisra Siddique1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3

 

...aried significantly with duration. The GST level was raised in first 28 days after that it was dropped off up to 56-day. The trend of GST in fish tissues was observed as muscle<heart<brain<kidney<gills< liver. However, TPCs in selected tissues of stressed fishwas lower significantly as compared to control. 
Muhammad Sarmad, Syed Muhammad Zaka* and Syed Muhammad Tahir Abbas Shah
.../i> Shorter nymphal duration was observed on Gossypium hirsutum 20.00±0.14 days as compared to Abelmoschus esculentus 21.00±0.26 days and Helianthus annuus 23.80±0.20 days. The longer adult life was observed on G. hirsutum (female 13.40±0.76 days and male 12.20±0.22 days) as compared to A. esculentus (female 9.40±0.40 days and male 8.20±0.37 days) and H. annuus (fem...
Tehreem Usman1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3 and Qaisra Siddique1
...f toxicants and exposure duration.
...

Aurang Zeb, Abdur Rab and Shujaat Ali* 

... composition and storage duration of Sweet orange” at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar in 2016. Complete Randomized Design and three replications were used. Sweet orange was collected from four different locations i.e. location-1 (Torwarsak, Buner), location-2 (Rabat, Lower Dir), location-3 (Wartair, Malakand) and location-4 (Palai, Malakand) stored up to 48 days at room temperature, Data was recorded after 12 days of intervals. All the studied...

Md. Al-Amin Tan1, Mst. Antora Akter1, Md. Sabuj Rahman1, Marzia Rahman2 and Md. Mahmudul Alam1* 

...gical field for a longer duration. Our findings recommend robust scrubbing of the surgical site with detergent or soap water followed by 70% ethanol or hexisol spray and then painting the site with antiseptic preferably with alcoholic Chlorhexidine gluconate solution to generate aseptic surgical site which is very basic to prevent SSI and postoperative complications. 

...

Hassan Nasir*, Rashid Rehan,** Rizwan Younis,*** Fazal Mabood,**** Salman Saeed,**, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam** 

MACHINERY SELECTION FOR DEMOLITION AND RECYCLING OF PAVEMENTS: A SIMULATION-BASED TOOL
...al to the total cost and duration of
projects. This especially applies to projects involving using of heavy machinery such as earthmoving projects. Currently,
many construction managers – especially in Pakistan, rely on their intuition and judgement based on past
experience to select their construction machinery fleet configuration. This approach is obviously subjective and prone
to inefficient utilization of resources. Comput...

Muhammad Asad Ali, Mirza Jahanzaib, Muhammad Ahsan Ul Haq 

ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF SQUEEZE CASTING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF OVERCAST AL-ALLOY JOINT USING RSM
...ueeze pressure, pressure duration and melt temperature. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the effect of above mentioned input parameters on UTS and YS. Empirical models for UTS and YS were developed which help the practitioners to achieve desired UTS and YS by using optimum vales of input parameters. ANOVA results shows that melt temperature has most significant effect on UTS and YS followed by squeeze pressure and pressure
Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Ejaz Ashraf3*, Asad Ali4 and Arooba Rubab5
Effect of Insecticides on the Longevity of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
...fter egg hatching larval duration was recorded until pupal duration starts. The honey bees were caged after pupal duration starts and marked with permanent marker for adult data recording. The data was recorded daily for 30 days. The effects of different chemical insecticides (nitenpyram @75ml/acre- new chemistry, cyhalothrin; nok-out @200ml/ acre, tycon; emamectin benzoate @ 200ml/acre) o...

 Dr. Taimur Usman*, Dr. Rashid Rehan*, Dr. Salman Saeed*

QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF UPASS: A TRANSIT DEMAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
...ms of capacity, for long duration of times due to various reasons such

as budgeting constraints, availability of land for more lanes. Whereas automobile growth rate increases each year
putting more burden on our road networks. Transportation planners have used different strategies to reduce traffic
load on road networks such as encouraging the use of public transportation services, carpooling/ sharing, subsidized
b...

 Muhammad Asad Ali 1*, Mirza Jahanzaib1, Muhammad Ahsan Ul Haq1

ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF SQUEEZE CASTING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF OVERCAST ALUMINIUM-ALLOY JOINT USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
...re,
pressure duration and melt temperature. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the effect of
above mentioned input parameters on ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS). Empirical models for
UTS and YS were developed which help the practitioners to achieve desired UTS and YS by using optimum vales of
input parameters. ANOVA results shows that melt temperature has most signi...

Sajad Ali1*, Jangraiz Khan2, Arshadullah Jadoon3, Muhammad Riaz4 and Abid Khan1

Evaluation of Farmers Socioeconomic Characteristics Influencing Tomato Output in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...armers, due to its short duration for ripping which increases productivity. Thus, it is becoming an indispensable source of farmer’s income in Pakistan. The production of tomato has been decreased considerably during the last five years. The present study has been conducted to explore the farmer’s socio-economic characteristics, affecting the tomato production in district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A multi-stage-sampling technique and ...

 Asad Naeem Shah1,2, GE Yun-shan1, HE Chao1,3

MACROSCOPIC SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL AND BIODIESEL-DIESEL BLEND: AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON
... the effect of injection duration and ambient pressure on spray development, spray tip penetration (L) and cone angle (β) of biodiesel-diesel (20%/80%: v/v) blend (B20) and diesel, and hence compares the quality of the fuels. Both ‘L’ and ‘β’ play a key role in the fuel evaporation and mixing of fuel with air in the combustion chamber. It was found that the injection pressure, spray tip penetration and cone...
He Wenyun, Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*
... up-ending (61.54%); the duration of each up-ending foraging behavior was 1.92±0.83 s and foraging frequency was 14.67±4.43 times/min. This foraging strategy may be determined by food distribution and morphological structure.
...
Gregory Ejikeme Odo1,*, Juliana Ekenma Agwu1, Nkechi Nweze2, Clara Ikegbunam2,Felicia Ekeh N1, Vincent Ejere1, Ngozi Ezenwaji1, Reginald Njokuocha2, Godwin Ngwu1 and Fabian Okafor1
...e (++). There was a dose duration dependent (p < 0.05) decrease in RBC in all the groups. There were also duration-dependent decrease in MCV values obtained in this research as against duration and dose dependent increases in MCH, and MCHC.Aspar
Feng-Mei Yang1, Rui Li2, Xiu-Xue Hu3, Yong Liang4, Bo Gao3* and Wei Chen3*
...ent UVB doses as well as durations, thus unveiling mechanisms underlying HSF senescence induced by Ultraviolet B (UVB). NHSFs treated under different doses (100, 200, 300 mJ/cm2) of UVB with different durations (1, 2, 3 days) were case group, while those without UVB irradiation were control group. Expressions of gene/protein were obtained with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot; cell proliferati...
Duo Jing Qiu1,2,3, Xin Yu1,2,3, Mao Jun Zhong1,2,3 and Long Jin1,2,3*
...e, food availability and duration of breeding season in amphibians. Here, we examined differences in somatic condition and testis mass of male Duttaphrynus melanostictus distributed in two altitudes (120 m and 1673 m above sea level) in Hunan and Yunnan Province, southwest China. We found that D. melanostictus displayed significant differences in body mass and relative testis mass between low- and high-altitude populations. Body mass and relative...

Kanwar Muhammad Raheel Mehboob1, Rashid Iqbal2*, Muhammad Israr3,4, Jaweria Shamshad5, Umair Riaz6, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman7,8, Fawad Ali9, Arif Nawaz10, Maliha Sarfraz11, Abdul Waheed12, Muhammad Tahir Khan13 and Muhammad Aslam2

 

Assessment of the Consequences of Heat Changes on Cotton Cultivars Growth, Phenology and Yield at Different Sowing Regimes
...M) 1033 g m-2, leaf area duration (LAD) 275.6 days and mean harvest development rate 6.51g m-2 day-1 were recorded on April 30 sowing. Yield contributing boundaries like opened boll, average boll weight and 100-seed weight altogether shifted and highest seed cotton yield 3847 kg ha-1 was acquired by cv. MNH-886 when it was planted on April 30.

...

Abdul Jalal, Abdur Rab* and Naveed Ahmad

Aloe Vera Gel Coating Retains Persimmon Fruit (Diospyros kaki) Quality during Storage at Room Temperature
...align: justify;">Storage durations and Aloe vera gel concentrations significantly decreased the loss of persimmon fruit quality during storage at room temperature. Storage at room temperature (26±2 °C) resulted in significant decline in fruit firmness, percent acidity, and ascorbic acid content with a concomitant increase in total soluble solids (TSS), organoleptic quality (Taste) score and decay incidence. Coating of persimmon fruits with 30% Aloe ...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Obinna Oragwa Arthur2, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1, Sarah Joseph1, Geoffrey Chibueze1, Joshua Adetunji1, Joseph Ameh Okwori3, David Ochola Amanyi4, Otobo I. Ujah5 and Onyemocho Audu6

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection among Slaughtered Ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria
...he said market. The mean duration of stay of animals at the abattoir/slaughter slab before slaughtering was not associated with the infection. The infection was more in females than males, though with no statistical significance. This study revealed high prevalence of RVFV infection in Jos, Nigeria, and highlights the endemic circulation of the virus despite the absence of clinical symptoms in animals sampled, suggesting the need to set up early warning survei...
Yihong Tian, Yongmei Qi*, Sajid Naeem, Ke Gao and Yingmei Zhang*
...erent concentrations and durations. However, inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA rescued the survival of Hela cells. This study demonstrated that the potential effect of spermidine on decreasing the survival of Hela cells is attributable to autophagy induction.
...
Yonghua Liu*, Xianhua Li, Xiongfei Yan and Gang Li
...he overall developmental duration was the longest on apple (60.71 d) and peach (60.78 d) and shortest on apricot (54.55 ± 3.56 d). The cumulative survival rate was highest on apricot (64.58%) and plum (60.44%) and lowest on peach (44.50%). The average number of eggs produced was highest on apricot (175.58 eggs) and plum (178.43 eggs). Life table parameter results showed that the net reproductive rate, intrinsic growth rate, and finite growth rate were h...

Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1 and Nawab Khan3

Self-perceived Constraints of Extension Field Staff Affecting their Working Efficiency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...d trainings of different duration. Important constraints which affected the efficiency of EFS were lack of transport, political interference in transfers, large jurisdiction area, non-participation in policy decisions, unsatisfactory pay structure, unavailability of medical facilities, low opportunity of proper in-service trainings, poor linkages of agricultural extension with research wing and low social status. The Department of Agricultural Extension, Khybe...

Asifa Kamal1*, Ghazala Noreen1 and Muhammad Amin2

Trends and Determinants of Fertility in Pakistan: Multivariate Decomposition Analysis (PDHS 1990-91 to PDHS 2012-13)
...ber of children, marital duration and ever use of contraceptives has significant positive contribution towards women fertility in terms of number of children ever born to women. A significant decline in fertility is observed for the two periods (PDHS 2006-07 and PDHS 2012-13) as compared to PDHS (1990-91). There is 10% and 15% decline in fertility in 2006-07 and 2012-13 respectively as compared to 1990-91.

...

Luqman* and Zahid Hussain

Impact of Tillage Tools and Weeding Regimes on Nutritive Values of Maize Grains
...ncreasing the weedy-ness duration of the crop.

...

Amjed Ali1, Rafi Qamar1*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Salman Saleem2, Sami Ullah3, Muhammad Arshad Javed4 and Syed Wasim Hasan5

Development and Growth: Influence of Sowing Dates on Performance of Cotton Cultivars
...2 day-1) while leaf area duration and crop growth rate in Bt. FH-142 (282.32 and 6.67 g m-2 day-1), respectively. Significantly, higher TDM production was recorded on 21st April in Bt. FH-142 (1104.33 g m-2). Therefore, cotton should be grown among after 15th April to before 10th May with cultivars FHD-170, Bt. FH-142 and Bt. MNH-886 respectively under semi-arid conditions of Pakistan.

...

Shujaat Ali1,2*, Tariq Ahmad Jan3, Khalil Ur Rahman3, Shah Masaud Khan2, Ijaz Hussain2, Waseem Ahmad2, Qasim Ayub2, Muhammad Abbas1 and Israr Ahmad1

Effect of Room Condition on Sweetening and other Chemical Components of Different Cultivars of Potato in Swat District
...fected by change storage duration, in case of sweeting i.e reducing sugar and total sugar did not occur in Desiree up to 90 days of storage. Therefore, the Desiree has maintained edible quality up to three months storage.

...

Bilal Pervaiz Khan1, Neelam Ara1, Shujaat Ali1,2*, Kamran Khurshid Baigh1 and Abdul Wahab1

Effect of Seed Priming on Radish with Different Nutrients at Various Soaking Durations
...cid at different priming durations with 6 hours interval (06, 12, 18, 24 hours). Un-soaked dried seeds were used as control. Research comprised of two factors i.e. sources and priming durations. There were 25 treatments having three replications. Priming seed significantly affected the germination and vegetative attributes of radish. The result of experiment showed that the highest germination percentage (86.4 %), percentage...
Mohsin Ali1, Nargis Haider Kakar2, Rida Dawood3,4, Qurat-ul-ain Fatima5, Zunera Tanveer2, Shoaib Ahmad Malik6, Tauseef Muhammad Asmat1, Asadullah1, Muhammad Masood Tariq Kiani1 and Mohammad Zahid Mustafa1*
.... The parameters of age, duration of diabetes and type of treatment were measured. Venous blood was taken to investigate the thyroid profiles. Out of 224 patients examined, 67.85% showed the normal thyroid profile and thyroid abnormalities were seen in 32.15% of subjects. There were 10 patients with clinical hypothyroidism, 54 patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 8 patients had clinical hyperthyroidism. No case with subclinical hyperthyroidism was inve...
Umair Faheem1*, Qaisar Abbas1, Saghir Ahmad2, Ghayour Ahmad2, Abdul Karim2and Mussurat Hussain1
...lation. During the study duration, it has also been found that A. biguttula biguttula population was highest during the month of June and lowest during the month of April. Similarly, during 2015 A. biguttula biguttula population was highest and during 2013 and 2014 it remains the lowest. The study reveals that, these weather factors show a vital role in the population dynamics or fluctuation of Jassid and weather based predictive models are very ...
Muhammad Hamayoon Khan*, Niaz Hussain Khuhro, Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Usman Asif and Raza Muhammad
 
 
...ature, R.H. and sunshine duration except the mean monthly rainfall.
...
Riffat Sultana1*, Nuzhat Soomro2, Santosh Kumar3 and Ahmed Ali Samajo2
.... age of maturation, duration of pre-copulatory and mating, interval between each mating, length of copulation, and number of mating in entire life of insect and also discussed its implications in the observed mating behavior. We examined that reproductive activity of Oxyinae was at its maximum in August to December. Mating duration has also been identified as a pest control method in which the insect does not become res...

Muhammad Ihtisham1, Noor Amjad2, Muhammad Nauman3, Asghar Ali3, Khawar Riaz3, Muhammad Sajid3, Muhammad Owais Shahid*3 

 

...sults that scarification durations of 90 and 135 min and sowing on 4th-14th April were the most effective in improving the germination, growth attributes and winter survival of Sophora.

...
BamideleAkinsanya1, Isaac O Ayanda2,*, Benson Onwusa1 and Joseph K Saliu1
...arasitic infection for a duration of six months, while the parasites encountered were used as sentinel organisms to check for the presence of PAH and BTEX. GC-MS was used to analyse for the presence of these chemicals, while parasite identification was done using conventional method. Only one parasite species, Teneuisentis niloticus, an acanthocephalan was recovered. There was 72% infection prevalence. The result also revealed that both BTEX and PAHs we...
Ahsan Numan1,4, Abdul Basit Qureshi2, Fehmeda Farrukh Khan3,Faisal Masud3,Ijaz Ahmad4, Kamran Ashraf5, Nisar Ahmad5, Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf 4, Imtiaz Rabbani4, Hafsa Zaneb6 and Habib Rehman4*
...vestigated the effect of duration of diabetes mellitus type-2 on the electrophysiological characteristics of sensorimotor nerves in patients with clinical diabetic polyneuropathy (DSP). Clinical diagnosis of DSP was assessed with the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. The diagnosed patients with DMT2 were randomly distributed into 2 groups. Group-I (n= 79) included the patients with DSP having <10 years of duration...
Mohammed  Akinlabi Rufai1*, Abideen Akinkunmi Wahab2, Kamil Ayo Fasasi1, Quadri Olusegun Adeshina1 and Mary Tolulope Awotidebe1
...the H. bacteriophora and duration of application. Statistical analysis conducted using analysis of variance indicated that there was no significant difference in the overall biocidal activities of H. bacteriophora at 5% confidence limit (F>0.05). Statistical test conducted on the data also supports the reliability of the data with a correlation coefficient of 0.85<R2<1.

...

Muhammad Rafique1, Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar2, Muhammad Jan2 and Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2

...ric acid (IBA) treatment durations for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 seconds by dip method on rooting ability of Gemlik cuttings. The data recorded showed that T6 (30 seconds) produced best results for rooting parameters including rooting percent (35.33%), average number of roots (8.36), average root length (9.40 cm) and survival rate of olive cuttings (39.00%). While poor rooting was observed under T1 (5 seconds) with respect to rooting ratio (19.66%), average num...

Amjed Ali1, Kamran Arooj1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1­, Muhammad Imran1,2, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz3 and Muhammad Fraz Ali4

...af area index, leaf area duration, plant height (cm), number of pod bearing branches per plant, number of grains per pod,1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (kg ha-1), biological yield (kg ha-1) and harvest index (%) of mungbean were recorded by using standrd procedure. Results of experiment revealed that sowing date of 1st march and varity AZRI-2006 result in maximum leaf area index (3.43), leaf area duration (24.14), plant ...

Muhammad Waqas1*, Muhammad Shoaib2, Muhammad Saifullah1, Adila Naseem4, Sarfraz Hashim1, Farrukh Ehsan1, Irfan Ali3 and Alamgir Khan1

...ificance level. The flow duration curves (FDCs) of all basin stations showed that DTF performed better and is more effective than other AI techniques. R2, RMSE, and NSE assessed the performance evaluation. DTF was more efficient AI techniques with the average evaluation parameters R2, NSE, and RMSE are 0.998, 0.992, and 382 m3/sec. The assessment revealed that DTF has potential and may be considered as an alternative method for streamflow forecasting.

...

Walaa ,S. Shabanaa;Bakr, A. Abdallaa; Eman, M. ELShalamia; I.M. Redab; M. A. Shalabyb

... both diseases, and long duration of immunity in combined FMD/RVF vaccines.
...
Hanan Sayed1, Mohamed S. Madkour1, Hussein A. Hussein2, Mounir Mohamed Elsaft 3,
Marwa F. El saied3, Ahmed A El-Sanousi2
... evaluate the protection duration for H9N2 and NDV post vaccination by inactivated
trivalent (H9N2, LaSota, M41 and Var2 IB) vaccine based mainly on repetition of challenge.
Methods: We prepared formalin inactivated combined vaccine for Avian Influenza (H9N2N),
Newcastle (La), and IB (M41 and Var 2) by using montanide 71 adjuvant. The prepared vaccine was
injected intramuscularly in specific pathogen free and com...

Hanan Sayed 1, Mohamed S. Madkour 1, Hussein A. Hussein 2, Ahmed A El-Sanousi 2

...uation of the protection duration for IBV (M41 and Var2) post vaccination by
inactivated combined (H9N2, LaSota, M41 and Var2 IB) vaccine based on laboratory tests and
repetition of challenge test.
Methods: We prepared formalin inactivated combined vaccine for Avian Influenza (H9N2N),
Newcastle (La), and IB (M41 and Var 2) by using montanide 71 adjuvant. The prepared vaccine was
injected intramuscular...

Zainab Iftikhar, Muhammad Arif, Iqbal Munir and Sajid Ali

...ongly influence the crop duration of many crops including wheat, which necessitates exploration of diversity in crop duration parameters in wheat with particular emphasis on novel sources of genetic variation, including hybrid wheat. The present work was designed to assess the potential of Chinese wheat hybrid germplasm for cultivation across Pakistan. For this purpose, 416 hybrids were assessed for diversity in crop

Pukhtoon Yar1*, Salman Khan2, Du Ying1 and Muhammad Israr3

...y, climate changes, long duration load shedding, traditional farming practices, poor extension services, high prices of fertilizers, land insecurity, etc. The outcomes of this study showed that the successful completion of CPEC related projects in the energy sector and infrastructure development will boost the agricultural output, provide job opportunities and poverty eradication. 

...
Atta Muhammad Memon1, Ubedullah Kaka2*, Muhammad Umer3, Asghar Ali Kamboh4, Atique Ahmed Behan5, Habibullah Janyaro6, Yong Meng Goh7, Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro6Jalila Abu8, Khaleeq ur Rehman Bhutto9 and Arsalan Maqbool10


...< 0.05) decreased the duration of anaesthesia and duration of other recovery indices. Recovery was generally smooth in all birds. Atipamezole at 60 µg/Kg produced rapid recovery from anaesthesia 18 min earlier than MK group. 
...

Gulzar Ullah* and Gohar Ayub

...retreatment conditioning durations (control or no heat pretreatment,10 hrs,15 hrs and 20 hrs) on three tomato varieties (Roma, Rio Grande and Yaqui) sown at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2017 and 2018. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in growth chamber before transplantation and Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications after transplanting to the fie...
Arbab Zubair Ahmad1, Farman Ullah1, Hayat Badshah2, Muhammad Shehzad Khan1* and Bashir Ahmad1
...0.2 days) allowing short duration. Similarly, T. chilonis preference to eggs of S. cerealella adults reared on different cereals showed that percent egg parasitism (89.6±1.7, 85.2±2.1), percent adult emergence (95.6 ±1.3, 92.1±1.4) and female sex ratio (73.1±0.7, 69.6±1.2) of T. chilonis was significantly high in moth eggs reared on maize and wheat in no choice conditions respectively. In choice test, sex ratio was sig...

Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz2*, Zunera Abbas1, Uzma Nazir1, Mehrunisa Basharat1, Tanveer Ahmed3, Adnan Ahmad Qazi2

...erent concentrations and duration of Pb, Cr and Cd have significant effect on the frequency of micro-nucleated erythrocytes. The inferences of this study will be helpful in monitoring aquatic ecosystems using fish biomarkers. 
 
Novelty Statement | The study is novel for detecting the genetic damage at cellular level of fish (Wallago attu) caused by heavy metals and industrial toxicants in water.
...
Yonghua Liu*, Xianhua Li, Xiongfei Yan, Gang Li, Caiyun Luo and Ying He
...ifferent intensities and durations of the high temperatures had significant impacts on the moth’s survival and reproduction. With increased temperatures and durations of exposure, the development time of T. vishnou gigantina was shortened and then prolonged. At 30 and 35°C, with increased exposure time, the development time was shorter than that at 25°C, whereas it was significantly longer at 40°C. T...

Yonis Abukar Mohamed1, Md. Nazrul Islam1, Md. Haydar Ali1, Mahfuza Akther1 and Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2*

...ically, depending on the duration and intensity of the infection, various changes were observed in the structures of fasciola infected cattle liver. Gross lesions of fascioliasis found in the liver were increase in the size of the organ and also there was engorgement of bile the duct with fibrosis. The infected bile ducts were also filled with blackish brown exudates giving the pipe stem appearance of the liver was noticed. In sometimes, there was roughened an...

Arshad Farooq1, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Asif Nawaz3*, Iltaf Ullah4 and Hidayatullah5

...in early maturity (short duration) maize (OPVs) varieties (26.67%), IPM techniques (25.84%), wheat on ridges/seedbed (24.17%), heat and drought tolerant maize (OPVs) varieties (20.84%), heat and drought tolerant wheat varieties (20%) and organic farming (16.67%). Knowledge index revealed that both districts’ farmers had 35.71% knowledge level in fourteen different indicators in the study area. The farmers of district Charsadda had slightly high knowledge...
Tabinda Urooj1,*, Bushra Wasim1, Shamim Mushtaq2, Syed Nudrat Nawaid Shah1, Lubna Faisal3, Moazzam Ali2, Nabeela Rasheed1 and Syed Faizan Ali Rizvi4
...ast feeding for extended duration (at least 2 years) and less age at first childbirth were observed as protective factors for this cancer. Also, majority of our study subjects were diagnosed at late stages of cancer (stage III and stage IV). Therefore, early detection will not only cure the breast cancer patients but also prevent them undergoing painful circumstances.
...

Ho Shi Hui1, Eng-Keng Seow2, Nurul Huda1* 

... of ultrasound treatment duration (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes) on physicochemical properties of duck egg white was studied. Duck egg white were treated with ultrasound generated by sonicator (frequency 40±0.2 kHz) for different times, and their pH, colour, foaming capacity and stability, emulsifying activity, tube inverting test, folding test, expressible moisture and texture profile analysis were compared. Ultrasound treatment had caused a si...

Syed Sikandar Habib1*, Saira Naz2, Sehar Khalid3, Rimsha Kanwal2, Iqra Ameer1, Sadia Nawaz1 Aamir Khan4, Abid Ur Rehman5, Muqaddas Kousar6, Shafa Ullah Khan7 and Nadia Nazir7

Muhammad Khubaib Hameed, Muhammad Aziz ur Rahman, Muhammad Ashraf, Safdar Hassan, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Qamar Bilal, Fawwad Ahmad, Muhammad Sharif*

... diet, respectively. The duration of experiment was 35 days. Weekly feed consumption, weekly weight gain and mortality were recorded. Data on carcass characteristics like percentage of dressed meat, thigh meat yield, breast meat yield, relative organs weight (heart, liver and gizzard) and immune organs such as bursa, spleen and thymus weight were also recorded. Weekly feed intake (3506g, 3531g) and body weight (2080g, 2139g) were better (P<0.05) in group fe...

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed*1, Ali Zachi Abdulqader Alhilfi2, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Imran Khatri1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano3, Qurban Ali4, Imran Ali Rajput5 and Muhammad Akbar Lashari1

...ting time (TPMT), mating duration (MD), female calling latency and female rejecting rate}. In the results, a maximum MRT 13.14±1.77 min was observed in D1. The BPH males approached to the female with jerky walking steps up and down with a minimum time of 0.24 ±0.03 min in D3. After successful male arrival, male went for a maximum arresting time of 3.19±0.51 min by female in D1. Though, all the males extended their genitalia for successful ...

Yin-Hua Wang1,2, Yi-Bing Zhu1, Li Jiang1, Bin Du3 and Xiu-Ming Xi1*

...e primary outcome is the duration of MV. Secondary outcomes include the duration of extubation, costs and length of stay (LOS) in ICU, dose adjustment time, analgesic and sedative agent costs, short-term mortality, and adverse events potentially relevant to the study drugs. Data analysis will adopt an intention-to-treat approach. This trial will demonstrate the probability that remifentanil can reduce the

Fulencio Ferretiz-Rodríguez1, Jose Alejandro Roque-Jiménez1, Héctor A. Lee-Rangel1*, Gregorio Alvarez-Fuentes1, Juan Carlos Garcia-Lopez1, Rolando Rojo-Rubio2 

... supplementation, with a duration of 60 days. Optimethionine treatments decrease milk production (P ≤ 0.05), but fat corrected production was higher (P ≤ 0.05) when cows were supplemented with BIO. The chemical composition of the milk did not show differences between treatments. Plasma urea and cholesterol were not different between treatments, glucose shown a decrease (P ≤ 0.05) whit supplementation. Aspartate transferase activity decrease (P ≤ 0....

Qaisra Siddique1*, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique1 and Qingyou Liu3

...sues of fish varied with duration of exposure as 28>21>35>42>14>7>49>56. Total protein contents in all selected tissues of CPF exposed fish were decreased with the passage of time. Among all the concentrations, 1/3rd of LC50 cause greater decrease in protein contents. The total protein contents in various tissues of L. rohita followed the order: muscle>hepatic>brain>gills>renal>cardiac.

...
Panjono1*, Endy Triyannanto2, Widagdo Sri Nugroho3, Muhammad Danang Eko Yulianto1, Bayu Andri Atmoko1,4
...plusmn;16.16 times). The duration of bleeding and the death of cattle slaughtered with PRB was faster (P<0.01) than conventional slaughter, namely 1.41±0.55 vs. 3.64±1.18 minutes and 2.53±1.10 vs. 4.99±2.19 minutes. It can be concluded that the use of a portable restraining box can increase the efficiency of slaughtering sacrificial cattle by reducing the number of people involved and speeding up handling time. The use of a porta...

Houria Bouazzara1,2,*, Rachid Chaibi 1,2, Farouk Benaceur 1,2,3, Amira Nouioua4 and Laura Bruno 5

... for the entire research duration. CCA analysis indicates that WT, pH, NH4+, NO3-, PO42- and conductivity were responsible for most differences in zooplankton organisms. Finally, we concluded that all sampling area were oligosabrobic indicating the good environmental quality of Wadi M’zi River.

...
Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Mushtaq Ali2, Tahira Tabassum3 and Adnan Bashir1
...ation of crop maturation duration, yield and economic benefits of different Basmati rice varieties is imperative for enhancing the output of rice-wheat cropping system. Hence, two-year study was accomplished to find out the differences in growth, crop maturation duration, yield and economic benefits of Basmati rice varieties (Super Basmati, PK-1121 aromatic, Chenab Basmati, Kissan Basmati, Punjab Basmati, Noor Basmati and NI...

Nazakat Nawaz1, Nasir Mahmood Cheema2*, Malik Muhammad Yousaf3, Muhammad Jahanzaib1, Mubashir Ahmad Khan1 and Muhammad Munir4

...">A high yielding medium duration Virginia semi spreading decumbent-2 groundnut line PG-1090 (BARD-479xICGV-87387) was developed at Oilseed Research Program, National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad. The line was evaluated along with six other promising lines and checked across the country. Selection following pedigree method was continued up to F5 generation. The generations, F2 to F5 were raised for consecutive selection as single plant progen...

Tatyana Mamontova1*, Konstantin Katkov1, Natalia Kizilova2 and Ali-Magomet Aybazov1

... pressure, air humidity, duration and gradient of daylight hours) on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of sperm (volume, motility, concentration, survival) of rams bred in mid-latitude. Sperm samples were collected from 5 Dzhalginsky merino rams once a week for twelve calendar months using an artificial vagina. The lowest quality sperm was produced in the spring, high quality indicators were observed in the autumn period (semen volume: 0.96 ± ...

Tatyana Mamontova1*, Konstantin Katkov1, Natalia Kizilova2 and Ali-Magomet Aybazov1

... pressure, air humidity, duration and gradient of daylight hours) on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of sperm (volume, motility, concentration, survival) of rams bred in mid-latitude. Sperm samples were collected from 5 Dzhalginsky merino rams once a week for twelve calendar months using an artificial vagina. The lowest quality sperm was produced in the spring, high quality indicators were observed in the autumn period (semen volume: 0.96 ± ...

Asmaa S. Mohammed*, Ahmed F. Abou-Elnaga, Ahmed I. Ateya, Mohammed M. Fouda, Ragab A. Darwish, Usama A. Abou-Ismail 

...of exposure to different durations of UV-B radiation on behaviour, reproductive performance, serum vitamin D levels, cortisol levels and expression pattern of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) genes in female rabbits. A total of 84 Nulliparous Blanc de Bouscat does were randomly allocated into one of four experimental groups (non-UVB, 12-h UVB, 8-h UVB and 4-h UVB) according to the du...

Muhammad Tahir Jan1,2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3,*, Muhammad Binyameen1,* and Sarfraz Ali Shad1

...sponse of long and short duration cotton genotypes to E. vittella infestation. Field experiment was conducted at the Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan for two years. Long and short duration genotypes were sown during the 3rd week of May to investigate their response to E. vittella. E. vittella infestation (damage in fruits and larval population) was almost similar during both the years of experimentation. However, th...

Uzma Jabeen1, Asmat Salim2*, Irfan Khan2, Nadia Naeem3 and Rubina Mushtaq4

...ssion depending upon the duration following toxicity.

...

Albina Gabdrakhimovna Darmenova1, Samat Ravkhatovich Yusupov2, Abzal Kenesovich Kereyev1*, Mirzabek Gashimovich Zukhrabov2, Yerbol Maratovich Sengaliyev1, Dosmukan Ermuhkanovich Gabdullin1, Berik Garipullievich Satybaev1 

...d to study the strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions to diagnose early signs of postpartum disease in the uterus. The experimental part of the work was carried out based on the farms of agrofirm “Kolos”, LLC in the Tetyush district of the Republic of Tatarstan and MBS “Zhaiyk” in the Akzhaik district of the West Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The contraction activity of the uterine muscles after fet...

Md. Serajul Islam1,2, Hongxin Wang1,2,*, Amer Ali Mahdi1, Mohamed Ismael Ahamed2, Zaixiang Lou1 and Fu An Wei3

... determine the effect of duration of thermal treatment on the antioxidant activities (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP) of muscle, liver, hard shell, bone, and skin from grass turtle (Chinemys reevesii) by direct QUENCHER procedure. The results showed that the highest ABTS capacity was found in cooked muscle at 10 min (110.133± 4.153 g trolox Eq./kg). On the other hand, DPPH and FRAP capacity were found in cooked muscle at 20 min which were 68.966±0.937 and ...

Farzana Begum* and Gohar Ayub

...at the specified storage duration. It is evident from the results that sowing dates, harvesting stages, storage duration and their interaction significantly affected seed yield and quality parameters of okra. The average of two years results showed that maximum pod length (15.23 cm), number of seeds pod-1(58.09), seed weight pod-1(3.57 g), 1000 seed weight (g), seed yield (1.72 t ha-1), germination (79.61 %) and seed viabili...

Harpreet Kaur* and S.S. Hundal

...by its decrease with the duration of exposure to imidacloprid. Imidacloprid is highly toxic to earthworm inducing physiological which may cause catabolism of enzymes. Earthworm M. posthuma was observed to be more susceptible as compared to E. eugeniae. The current study signifies that the irrational use of such insecticides could pose high threat to non-target organisms, for example earthworms which play a key role in soil ecosystem productivity.

...

Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1

...havior in terms of visit duration and visitation rate (number of flowers visited per minute) along with their pollination effectiveness in terms of single visit seed set efficacy were assessed. Pollinator community was composed of seven solitary bees species (Nomia oxybeloides, Amegilla sp., Lasioglossum sp., Megachile sp., Xylocopa sp.), two honeybee species (Apis dorsata, A. florea) and two syrphid fly species (Eristalinus aeneus, Ischiodon scutellaris). In ...

Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan1*, Qamar Iqbal1, Tariq Jamil1, Muhammad Fayaz2, Abdul Kabir2,3, Eid Nawaz2, Marjan Ali2, Shumaila Manzoor2 

... of 8 animals within the duration of 14 days following a pattern of anorexia, no fever, emaciation, recumbency, and ultimately death. A detailed physical and clinical examination of animals revealed signs of dehydration, emaciation, anorexia, nutritional stress, and high fever in animals. Tick infestation was found on the skin of animals while Babesia was found in the blood smears of some animals. Pox-like lesions were also found on the skin of some goats.

...
Ejaz Ur Rehman1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Fathul Bari3*, Tanveer Khan2, Naveed Ullah Khan2, Abdullah Khan4 and Romaan Hayat Khattak2
...gs which hatched after a duration of 15-18 days. Hatching success was 94% while survival of fledglings was 90% in the study area. The most dominant activities performed by the white-throated kingfisher was flying (33.3%) and resting (33.3%) followed by hunting (25.1%) and preening (8.3%). Flying and hunting activities are mostly concentrated in the early morning and evening times which correspond to the energy needs of the species and the resting time peaked d...

Auzair Javaid Butt, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai and Jahangir Khan

...location in the required duration. This research is carried out to analyze the existing marketing channels, marketing costs and margins of different market functionaries of potato crop in the selected villages of district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan in 2019. For this purpose, a total of seventy producers, twenty wholesalers and twenty retailers are randomly selected and interviewed for data collection. From the current research it can be revealed tha...

Shailendra Sharma, Smriti Shrestha, Naresh Pandey and Laxman Khanal*

...e grooming frequency and duration of the langurs (Semnopithecus sp.) housed in Central Zoo, Kathmandu, Nepal. Further, it tested if the effects were biased to the age and sex of the animals. Behavioral data were collected through the focal animal sampling method for 101 hours, and human disturbances were categorized into four levels based on the number and behavior of visitors. Out of the entire activity budget, resting (49.27%) constituted the highest proport...
Ghulam Nabi Dahiri1, Akeel Ahmed Memon2, Qudratullah Kalwar3*, Asmatullah Kaka2, Waseem Ali Vistro4, Yar Muhammad Jalbani3, Kiran Nazish3 and Jai Parkash Kolhi5
...r (54.89 ± 1.20), duration of estrus was long (23.17 ± 1.20) in group D as compare to other groups. It was concluded in the present study that the biostimulation with ovsynch protocol can effectively be used to induce cyclic activities and increase estrus response and fertility rate in Thari cattle.

...

N. Wachida1*, P. M. Dawuda2,1, I. U. Ate3,1, P. I. Rekwot4, 2 

..., and affected onset and duration of LH surges.

Keywords | Follicle, Hormone, Season, Zebu cows, Reproduction. 

...

Shad Mahfuz1,2†, Hong-Seok Mun1,3†, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1, Keiven Mark B Ampode1,4, Veasna Chem1, Young-Hwa Kim5, Jong-Pil Moon6, Chul-Ju Yang1,7* 

...s each. The experimental duration was 10 weeks (70 days). Feed intake, body weight gain, electricity consumption, environmental parameters includes temperature, humidity, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentration were measured on weekly basis. There were no significant differences on the final body weight, average daily body weight gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), between the incubators. However, ADG was numericall...

Muhammad Mansoor1, 2, Sheheryar1 and Shahid Ali Khan1*

... identification of short duration variety, to recognize varieties suitable for water-deficient areas, and varieties suitable for cotton crop intercropping before reaching their maximum canopy level. The analysis was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications of split plot arrangement; varieties (NM-2011, Inqelab Mung, Dera Mung, and NM-98) were allocated in the main plot and sub-plots were held at various flowering flushes. ...

Muhammad Mansoor1, 2, Sheheryar1 and Shahid Ali Khan1*

... identification of short duration variety, to recognize varieties suitable for water-deficient areas, and varieties suitable for cotton crop intercropping before reaching their maximum canopy level. The analysis was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications of split plot arrangement; varieties (NM-2011, Inqelab Mung, Dera Mung, and NM-98) were allocated in the main plot and sub-plots were held at various flowering flushes. ...

Samantha Shiuan Erl Lee1, Nurul Huda2*, Yetti Marlida3, Eng-Keng Seow4 

...rther investigation with duration and intensity of ultrasonic waves to improve functional properties of egg white, especially duck egg white.

Keywords | Ultrasound, Chicken egg white, Duck egg white, Foaming stability, Emulsification stability. 

...

M. Mansoor Javed*, M. Aslam Mirza, M. Aziz ur Rehman and M. Saif ur Rahman

...rature for shortest time duration. It was inferred that toasting FFSB at various temperatures could affect growth performance and digestibility parameters in broiler chickens.

...

Hashem Saeed Murad1*, Salah Jassem Amin2, Rawa’a Muhammad Al-Chalabi3, Mahmood Khalaf Wasmi4 and Sundus Salim5

...ication, specialization, duration of service in agricultural extension, training courses, and the use of information sources in the Domain of climate change). The research population included 73 employees of the Directorate of Extension of Duhok. The designed questionnaire was consisted of two parts, first one included the personal, vocational, and communication variables of the respondents, and the second part included a knowledge test to measure the level of...

Sumaria Maqsood1*, Muhammad Ali 2, Amna Shoaib3, Shahbaz Ahmad2 and Noor-ul-Ain2

... and pupal developmental duration by 30%, while, considerably enhancing eclosion rate, pupation survival rate, and the number of eggs by 20-30% along with the 40-50% reduction in the pupal and larvae mortality rate as compared to the tomato paste diet and chickpea diet. The rearing expenses for 200 larvae on the modified diet (674/Rs) were 2.5 folds less than the expenses for rearing the same number of larvae on chickpea based diet (1749/Rs.) and almost equal ...

Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1*, Shimaa A.S. Hasan1, Nashwa Harb1, Amal H.A. Gomaa2 and Maha Anani3

... the impact of pregnancy duration on their prevalence. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 94 serum samples of pregnant women in Ismailia City. The presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 antibodies (IgG and IgM) and viremia were evaluated by commercial ELISA and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Our findings revealed a very high frequency of HSV-1 and 2 infections among the studied pregnant women with percentages ...

L. Yue, S. Ahmed†, Q. Liu and H. Jian

...us sp., at 12 h and 24 h duration of exposure time as compared to the control treatment containing medium (L.B). In the green house experiments Fosthiazate had significant increased the root length, shoot length and reduced the number of root-knot nematode galls on tomato roots followed by biocontrol agent S. rubrogriseus and Bacillus sp., as compared to the untreated control treatment after 60 DPI and 90 DPI.

...

D. A. Darban†, S. R. Gowen and B. Pembroke

...oil samples. Three weeks duration
allowed more endospores as compared to one week and two weeks treatment.
...

D.A. Darban†, S.R. Gowen, B. Pembroke, F. Hussain1 and R.A. Memon2

....
The 3 week duration apparently allowed more spores to disperse which was reflected in the observations of more
infected female nematodes and reduced numbers of egg-masses and total females per plant compared with the first
crop. The results of this experiment suggest that dispersal of spores from the degrading females occurs after 2 weeks
and this is reflected in a significant reduction in egg-masses, galling a...

Soshe Ahmed1*, Mst. Ishrat Zerin Moni1, Maksuda Begum2, Md. Jafar Eqbal3, Md. Shahidul Islam4, Mst. Samira Tanjim1, Mst. Rokeya Sultana1 

...ed and water deprivation durations significantly affect the production parameters. Feed intake, body weight gain and average daily gain were significantly (p<0.01) lower in the T5 group. Significantly (p<0.01), a poor feed conversion ratio was observed in the T5 group. The lowest (91.66%) survivability (p<0.01) was found in the T5 group compared to other groups. There was a significant (p<0.01) difference in European Broiler Index for growth period...
Seyedmohammad Karimi1, Mohammad Darvishi2*, Mohammad Barati3, Ramin Hamidi Frahani4, Mohammad Hassan Kazemi5
...ther studies with longer duration and different doses are recommended.
 
Keywords | Remdesivir, Melatonin, N-acetyl cysteine, Liver injury, Covid-19
...

Nasratullah Baloch1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Hamida Narejo3, Muhammad Farooq Hassan4, Muhammad Hanif Chandio5, Faheem Saddar6, Dharti Shahnawaz Thebo7, Ghulam Abbas8 and Shahnaz Rashid8

...nia 15% during the whole duration of investigations. It reflects that the bay water was found to be rich with primary productivity. Vital physicochemical factor such as pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and transparency were taken into account twice in a month from sampling area during the whole period of research. The temperature found to be varied from 21-35.7oC, pH8.0-8.1, DO 3.57–5.0 mg/l, salinity 34.2-39.9 mg/l and transparency 38.5-53.0...

Gulzhan Kalenovna Mussayeva1*, Alikhan Meldebekovich Meldebekov2, Nurgul Alikhanovna Meldebekova2, Gulshat Imanzhankyzy Shaykamal1, Batyrkhan Azimkhanovich Buralkhiyev2, Nurkuisa Mirzabekovich Rametov3 and Kanat Zhumanov4

... the hoofed horn and the duration of commercial use. For the given purposes it is recommended to use such bulls of the Wis Burke Ideal line whose average milk productivity exceeds that of their coevals and the breed standard and simultaneously allows to keep productive longevity and reproductive ability. The results obtained in the course of research indicate the influence of such genotypic factor as ‘lineage’ on the productive longevity of Holstei...

Zulaikha Zainool Abidin1, Fahim Hafiy Idris2, Suriya Kumari Ramiah1, Elmutaz Atta Awad1, Zunita Zakaria3,4, Zulkifli Idrus1,2* 

...m spp. counts. Prolonged duration of road transportation and lairage increased caecal counts of E coli. Birds road transported for 8 h had a higher caecal population of Clostridium spp. but lairage duration had no significance on the bacteria. In conclusion, the present findings strengthen the notion that minimising the stress associated with pre-slaughter practices is important to maintain the safety of broiler chicken meat...

Rashid Khan1, Muhammad Sajid2, Saud Khan3*, Jehanzeb4 and Aslam Noor5

...d plastics (PP), storage duration (SD) as well as HS×SD and PP×SD significantly influenced various quality attributes of apricot fruits. The fruits harvested at the greenish stage had the lowest physiological weight loss and decay index that shows an increase in fruits harvested at orange yellow stage respectively after 25 days of storage. Similarly, after 25 days of storage, fruits stored in plastic bags having 10 pores retained fruit weight and a...

Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Imtiaz Khan1*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Javed Khan2, Shahid Sattar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan and  Muhammad Salim

...ers indicate that larvae duration was 10.34 days. The larvae consumption rates were 379.2 aphids during their life span. Functional response of larval instars indicates that with increasing prey densities, the number of aphids consumed linearly increase and then become static after attain the asymptote level at certain densities were 25, 35 and 70 aphids per first, second and third instar larvae. The life table’s immature stage survival and female fecund...

Falah Mahmood Hameed1*, Asaad Khalaf Talal AL-Shuwaili2, Eman Jawad Jabber3, Mayada Sahib Hassan1  

...production and treatment durations. The findings showed that the speed of wound healing in treated rabbits were faster than non-treated rabbits. Additionally, the findings showed that treated groups had improved cellularity and expanded angiogenesis compared to non-treated group. Conclusion: The histological results supported the hypothesis that chitosan enhances and promotes the development of wound healing on the skin. 

...

Vui Van Nguyen1, Samorn Ponchunchoovong2, Sajeera Kupittayanant3, Pakanit Kupittayanant2* 

...led canine sperm for the duration of 12 days in storage. 

...

Li Qiao*, Shubao Geng, Shibao Guo, Hongmin Liu, Jian Yin and Quan Zhang

...80 min). The development duration, pupation rate, abnormal pupation rate, pupal weight, adult emergence rate, male and female adult longevity, oviposition rate of S. subpunctaria were measured. The results showed that with the increase of treatment time, the duration of 2nd instar larvae shortened, and the difference between the two wavelength treatments was significant; while the mortality increased, the pupation rate decre...

Jaiperkash Moolchandani1*, Geeta Moolchandani2, Syed Mohsin Turab3, Nasima Iqbal4, Ambreen Rehman5 and Shaima Sultana Memon6

..., gender, residence, and duration of symptoms were collected by the investigator on prescribed proforma. ICD-10 was used to diagnose the presence of depression; BAI was used to detect anxiety while DSM-IV was used to diagnose the presence of insomnia. Data was entered and analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The mean ± SD of age, duration of symptoms and MMSE (mini mental sta...

Peter Amuguni Mbato*, Wanzila Usyu Mutinda, Noah Kipkoech Maritim, Nicholas Edwin Odongo 

...ecreased with increasing duration of FRPS. Complete confinement treatment was significantly associated with bacterial infection (RR = 3) at week 8. These results show that broilers in FRPS had significantly lower body weight and fewer foot pad lesions, reducing bacterial infection and antibiotic use. Reduced antibiotic residues and pathogens in meat suggest improved meat quality. The free-range broiler production system would be a better production system to i...

Yang Pan1,2, Yang Huang3, Guo-hai Wang4* and Qi-hai Zhou3*

... per visit, and foraging duration; morphological traits: weight and body, wing, and tail lengths) to both seed removal patterns and dispersal distances of Cayratia japonica in an urban garden in southwest China. Eleven bird species were recorded feeding on its seeds, and eight bird species were confirmed to be seed dispersers. Oriental turtle-dove (Streptopelia orientalis), red-whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus), and red-billed blue magpie (Urocissa erythro...

Amistu KU1,2*, Monahan FJ2, Wims P2, Yonatan KY1 , Fahey AG2, Takele TA3 

...;.08 years and fattening duration will take around 3.48±.05 months. Farmers fatten about 1.88±.05 cattle/fattening season and 1.74±.03 times /year. Decisions for finishing cattle is highly determined (p<0.05) by body condition change, weight gain, feed intake and market price. Moreover, cattle market prices are highly influenced (p<.05) by fasting season, market type/distance and body condition. Therefore, by-product-based beef cattl...

Rahamdad Khan1, Saad Muhammad2, Muhammad Haroon3, Saad Jan1 and Syed Majid Rasheed1*

...rowth and biomass. Light duration has an important role in plant growth development and allows plants to work properly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of light duration on the growth performance of Parthenium hysterophorus and Cannabis sativa. The results showed that under reduced light duration (2 hours), plant growth performance (i.e., biomass, plant height,...

Abnet Mekonnen1*, Kadir Abderehman1 and Feti Seyaka2

...potency, speed of onset, duration of action and safety of a specific drug in a given clinical situation. A local anaesthetic disrupts ion channel function within the neuron cell membrane preventing the transmission of the neuronal action potential while general anesthetics like ketamine disrupt pathways within the cerebrum and stimulates the reticular activating center. Local anaesthetics affect all excitable tissues in the body, so toxicity can occur when suf...
Guo-Hai Wang1, Ji-Feng Long2, Li-Juan Wei3, Zhi Qin2, Wei Yao4, Chuang-Bin-Tang1* and Qi-Hai Zhou4*
...iny season. The activity duration of red-bellied squirrels was significantly lower than that of Northern tree shrews (5.49±0.57 vs. 6.80±0.63 s), but the activity temperature was just the opposite (22.19±0.60 vs. 20.82±0.40 ℃). Therefore, we conclude that the sympatric red-bellied squirrels and Northern tree shrews coexist successfully by adjusting their respective activity duration and temperat...

Maria Endo Mahata*, Yose Rizal, Zurmiati, Sepri Reski

...with different immersion durations (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h) of P. australis in flowing water. Each treatment received four replications. We evaluated dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ash, salt, and alginate contents. The results revealed a significant (p<0.05) impact on OM, CP, ash, salt, and alginate contents but did not significantly affect DM. Immersing P. australis in flowing water for 4 h is the optimal
Rusli Tonda1, Lili Zalizar1*, Wahyu Widodo1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi1, David Hermawan1, Damat Damat1, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile2, Irum Iqrar3, Trias Agung Pakarti4,5, Shazma Anwar6 and Wirawan Wira7
 
 
... (9.22 g). As of feeding duration, T2 (680 s) was also higher than T1 (610 s) and T3 (140 s). Conclusively, “aking rice” has a better palatability rate than corn and rice bran, making it feasible for recommendation as a substitute for the other two base feed materials.
...

Wenxiao Jia1*, Yilinuer Yilihamu1, Yunling Wang1, Shuang Ding1, Dilinuerkezi Aihemaiti1, Hanjiaerbieke Kukun1 and Yanhui Ning2

...ate and requires a short duration, making it an effective animal model of unstable atherosclerotic plaque.

...
Hyun-Su Hwang1, Jae-Kang Lee2, Tae-Kyung Eom2, Seung-Hun Son3, Dong-Ho Lee2, Hyeongyu Ko2 and Shin-Jae Rhim2*
...the frequency of visits, duration of stay at the feeder, frequency of pecking on food items, and number of consumed food items. Moreover, social behaviors were analyzed. In this study, we used peanuts as high-fat food type. Peanuts were consumed at the highest frequency by marsh tits (Poecile palustris), great tits (Parus major), and Eurasian nuthatches (Sitta europaea). In addition, the type of food, temperature, and metabolic energy requirement affected food...

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1*, Ali Zachi Abdul Qadeer Alhilifi2, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Tehniyat Naz Shah3 and Touseef Ahmed1

...i dish to observe larval duration, larval weight, and adult fecundity. Each larva was offered 0.5 mg of diet in a plastic cup and replaced after every 24 hrs. A prominent effect of different diets on larval development was noticed. The survival percentage was 100% on D3. The difference (P<0.05) was much noticeable in early larval stages from L1 to L3. The overall larval duration was maximum 18.2±0.23 days on D1. Th...

Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah2*, Azhar Hussain2, Zoma Saleem2, Syed Hamza Mehfooz2 and Javeria Sherani3

...h Ceylon blue. Flowering duration remained 15 days in Murree Gola and 13 days in Ceylon blue. Murree Gola produced heavier fruits (484g) compared to Ceylon Blue (370 g) while Murree Gola produced 150 kg fruit per tree and Ceylon blue produced 120 kg fruit per tree. Murree Gola gave 25% more fruit yield as compared with Ceylon blue which makes it suitable for competing with the climatic conditions of the target areas. Performance comparison of both varieties in...
Zhi Qiang Gao*, Dan Dan Zhang, Qin Gmei Qin, Xiu Xiu Li, Li Li, Yan Zhong Xue and Shifeng Guo
... seizure, operative age, duration and absence of seizures after surgery. To conclude, PSEN1 E280A mutation is present in GNTs seizures patients, and greatly associated with multiple types of seizures and gender. The requirement of larger sample studies and long-term follow-up is implemented for further confirmation.

...

Amal Hammad*, Shaaban Gadallah, Tarik Misk, Ahmed Mourad 

...ariables were degree and duration of sedation, effect on physiological and some hematobiochemical parameters and incidence of vomiting. Sedation was significantly higher in XH than other groups at certain time points. Slightly higher sedation was evident in XLL and XLV than XL (greater potentiality in XLL). Sedation was longer in XH followed by XLL then XL and lastly XLV. Vomiting was observed only in XL. Milder alterations in cardiorespiratory parameters and ...

Abeer, E.Mansour and Hegazi, A.Z.

...ted in higher and longer duration of immune response than those obtained in vaccinated goat and buffaloes. While in vaccinated camels there was no evidence of antibodies against FMD. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between the levels of cellular immunity in different vaccinated animal species.

...

Manva F.M. Abdel Monem; Gihan K. Mohammed;** Sami A.M.; and Saber M.S.*

...llowed up as well as the duration of the immunity by ELISA and SNT through 12 months post vaccination. There was no evidence of untoward effects except slight elevation of body temperature in the calves through 14 days post vaccination. The virus was recovered from the sera of 3 calves on the 2nd  and 4th day post vaccination respectively 82,78 and 76, but there was no evidence to virus shedding in ocular, nasal nor rectal swabs. The immunity was detected...

Sonia, A.M.; El. Sanousi, A.A.; Saber, M.M.; Daoud, A.M.; Samira, E.K.; and Ismail I.

...esults revealed that the duration of immunity elicited by gel FMD vaccine was shorter than oil adjuvanted FMD vaccines. Results also indicated that vaccine emulsified with Montanide IMS 3015 could elicit the best protection capability with long lasting immune response (up to 42 week) in calves, if compared with other FMD vaccine batches emulsified with: Montanide ISA 206 mixed with Ginseng extract (duration up to 38 week), w...
Eman, M. M. Soliman*; Taha, M. M.*;El-Sanousi A,;Shalaby M. S. Wasscl , Youscf Adel*

M.S. Wassel1; Elham A. El-Ebiary1; Soliman, Y.A.l and El-Sayed, M.M.2

...safety, potency, and the duration of immunity in pregnant and non-pregnant sheep and cattle as well as remaining its antigenic and immunogenic power in animals using its protein analysis and Western blotting.

...

Qurat ul Ain1, Asifa Khan1*, Asia Riaz2 and Nazia Suleman

...rature regimes. However, duration of cold storage affected the post storage survival of adult and larvae of C. septempunctata. Better survival was recorded in beetles stored at 4°C after their removal from cold conditions. Larval survival declined gradually with increased storage length. Most of the larval instars remain alive under storage conditions up to four weeks, but larval survival in third and fourth instar larvae did not extend after three weeks o...

Hilwah Nora1,2, Rajuddin2*, Hafizuddin3, Rachmad Suhanda4, M. Fathurrahman5

...f treatment followed the duration (cycle) of spermatogenesis in rats, namely 52 days. Data were analysed using the T-test independent. The results indicate a rise in variables related to spermatozoa abnormality and a reduction in spermatozoa concentration, showing no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). Similarly, there were no significant variations (P>0.05) observed in all variables related to testis and seminal vesicle morphology. The admin...

Sepri Reski*, Maria Endo Mahata, Montesqrit, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli

... temperature and storage duration on the physical quality of Japanese quail eggs (Coturnix-coturnix japonica) when fed a diet containing fermented Turbinaria murayana. The study employed a completely randomized design 2x3 factorial with four replications. Factor A represents the storage temperature, comprising room temperature and refrigerator temperature, while factor B represents the storage time, namely 1, 2, and 3 weeks. The observed variables included the...

Kenyum Lollen1, Judith Betsy C1*, Cheryl Antony2 and Stephen Sampath Kumar J3

...io, the highest motility duration of 74.3±2.16 s was obtained at 1:10 dilution ratio. The best results on motility duration (62.28 ± 2.12 s), fertilizing ability (77.3±1.63 %) and hatching rate (61.6±2.44 %) was recorded when freezing protocol I was followed and the values were statistically significant. Hence the results revealed that for successful cryopreservation of C. carpio milt, use of non-...

Shanti Fitriani*, Usman Pato, Yusmarini Yusuf, Emma Riftyan, Evy Rossi

...nvironment for different durations, such as 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA, and differences between treatments were analyzed using DNMRT at the 5% level. The result showed that the concentration of bacteriocin significantly affected moisture, ash, and protein contents but did not significantly influence the descriptive test.   The best treatment in this study was B5 (the addition of bacteriocin 0.6%), which can ...

Kashif Abdaal, Aneeza Batool, Muhammad Tariq Navid*, Saeed Ahmed, Asma Saleem Qazi, Waseem Safdar, Haidar Ali, Mobeen Ur Rashid, Somia Rafaqat 

...ficacy, development, and duration of optimum immunological responses, selection of appropriate animal model, need for booster dose, route of administration, and post-administration safety and post-marketing analysis (social and economic concerns). All these steps are important for a vaccine that leads to its success in preventing infectious diseases. It is crucial to address these challenges to make safer vaccines for effective infectious disease control and p...

Muhammad Yusuf1*, Abd Latief Toleng1, Sahiruddin1, Masturi1, Hasrin1, Musdalifa Mansur2, Hendrikus Fatem3, Johan Koibur4

...ively. However, the mean duration of estrus in dairy heifers synchronized using Heatsynch protocol was 25.1 h, significantly higher (P=0.029) than the mean duration of estrus (19.5 h) in Select Synch protocol. It can be concluded that dairy Holstein Friesian heifers synchronized with both the Heatsynch and Select Synch protocols had a good response in synchronizing the estrus regardless of the condition of the ovaries.
...

Kiran Khan1*, Ata ur Rehman2, Jai Dev Maheshwari1, Ghazala Nasim Pasha3, Tayyaba Mumtaz4 and Ruqaya Nangrejo5

...spent on the device. The duration of smartphone ancillary function use was found to be related to the relationship between smartphone use and musculoskeletal discomfort in this study. Headache and hearing discomfort were found to increase in participants with increasing time, but this was not statistically significant.

...

Ndubuisi Chinedu Adikuru1*, Paul Inyang2, Abraham Agwu Ngwuta1, Chinyere Prisca Anyanwu1 and Rosemond Adaohuru Alagba1

...Therefore, grain filling duration was 6 days greater in 2011 and led to 33.1 % higher yield when compared to 2010. Based on superior grain yield and kernel number in addition to lower ASI, five varieties (TZECOMP3C2DT, DTSYN-11-YF2, DTSYN-7-WF2, OBA SUPER 2, and DTSR-WCQ) were selected from this set of drought tolerant maize varieties. These were recommended for planting as part of strategy for adapting to climate variability and change in the rainforest agroe...

Huma Naz1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Tanveer Ahmed3*, Khalid Abbas2, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Fareeha Latif4, Adnan Ahmad Qazi1, Muhammad Adeel Hassan5

...re also increased as the duration of exposure passed. It is concluded that exposure of fish to insecticides may cause considerable genetic damage to the fish. The both Comet and MN Assay are good biomarkers to identify the insecticides pollution. The results of our study can be utilized in environmental risk evaluation and in bio-monitoring approaches. 
 
Novelty Statement | This research sheds light on the genotoxicity and en...

Apurbo Kumar Mondal1, Md. Rabiul Auwul2, Md. Momotaj Hossen3, Md. Sodrul Islam1*, Narayan Paudyal4, Md. Shahidul Islam1 and Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil1

...species, age, sex, study duration, and sample size for the assessment of the potential risk factors. The prevalence rate was found highest in sheep at 42.91%, female individuals at 32.32%, 500 or below sample size at 43.63%, in the period of 2000–2010 at 42.05% and aged animals at 41.23% non-significantly. This is the meta-analysis of PPR worldwide that offers a comprehensive picture of the prevalence of PPR in small ruminants with possible risk factors....
Shahid Iqbal Khattak1, Mohammad Safdar Baloch*1, Khalid Naveed2, Muhammad Amjad
Nadim1, Asghar Ali Khan1 and Kaleem Ullah3
...a index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop
growth rate (CGR), net photosynthesis rate (NPR) and grain yield, while its application at
heading stage produced maximum net assimilation rate (NAR). Among different doses, the
application of potassium at the rate of 60 kg ha-1 potassium at the rate of 60 kg ha-1
produced maximum growth and yield and its components during two consecutive cropping
seasons ...

Saad Parvaiz1, Khuram Mubeen1*, Mudassir Aziz1 and Tanveer-ul-Haq2

...af area index, leaf area duration and net assimilation rate in weeds free (whole
season). In treatment (horse purslane free 40 DAE) kernel yield was higher as compared to
treatments such as horse purslane free 20 DAE and 40 DAE. As the interference duration
increased over 45 days after emergence, significant reduction in yield and growth of maize
was observed. It can be conclud...

Syed Awais Hussain Shah1*and Rizwan Ali2 2

...vailable literature. The duration of this research work was one year, from December 2019 to January 2020. During the research period, we reported 59 plant species which belongs 54 genera and29 families, among the reported families Lamiaceae and Fabaceae were dominant families having six species each, followed by Asteraceae with five species. These plants are utilized by habitants from centuries as Ethnomedicine against various diseases like cough, cold, malari...
Barkatullah1, Sumayya Noreen1.Khushnood Ur Rehman1, Zahid Ali Butt2, Tabassum
Yaseen3, Kamran Akbar3, and Salma Noreen3
...>directly related to the duration of soaking i.e. 48 h extracts were more effective than 24 h.
among all parts the highest activity was shown by leaves followed by fruit, bark, Rainwater,
and then mulching. From the above experiment, it is strongly suggested that the tested
portions of Z. mauritania have significant negative allelopathic effects on the tested plant
species. Additional study is mandatory to unders...

Mushtaq A.Alabodi1*, Imad Majeed Almeeni2 

...ificant effect on estrus duration, with only a numerical increase (P > 0.05) in the estrus phase in G2 (9.20 ± 1.11 days) compared to the G1 group (7.00 ± 0.70 days). The estrogen and progesterone hormone levels were found varied in different periods, however they were remained at basal level (under 20 pg/ml and 2ng/ml respectively) in both groups. In conclusion, the melatonin implant suppresses the estrus cycle for 4 months without any advers...
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1, Muhammad Afzal1, Liu Yu Feng2
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Hina Safdar3, Arif Mehmood1, Shahid Iqbal4 and Muhammad Adnan1
...spectively), while pupal duration prolonged for spinetoram and lufenuron. Similarly, significant suppression of adult lifespan was exhibited by flubendiamide (11.83 and 11.85 days) and chlorfenapyr (12.28 and 12.06 days). Overall study results advocate further consideration of these aforesaid biorational insecticides against S. litura infestations. However, assessment of their compatibility with each other and with other IPM strategies both under lab and field...

Majid Ali1*, Naila Chand1, Sarzamin Khan1, Shakoor Ahmad2 and Muhammad Tahir3

...d in drinking water. The duration of the experiment was 42 days. The results showed significantly higher feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, broiler performance efficiency factor, and broiler farm economy index in the M50T50 diet group. Digestibility of ash, dry matter, ether extract, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extract were not affected except for crude protein which was significantly higher in the M50T50 diet group. Similarly, hematologi...

 

Chika Bright Ikele1*, Ugwu Venita Uju1, Chioma Faith Ikele2

...ctively on 24-h exposure duration. The likelihood of a significant effect of duration of exposure on infective theront mortality resulting from the extracts was significant (Likelihood ratio [LR] χ2 = 973.95, p < 0.0001). The lethal concentration (LC50) estimates of bitter leaf ethanol and chloroform extracts were 0.137 g/ml (0.006 – 3.434) and 0.157 (0.004 – 6.099), re  

...

Wei Li1, Xvming Qi2, Xueli Lu3, Li Yuan4 and Huaiqing Deng1*

...±3.6 days and the duration of the menstrual period was 10±2.4 days. There was no significant difference in progesterone levels between individuals of different age and sex classes, no significant periodicity in the change of testosterone in the feces samples of Hainan gibbon group C, and no significant difference in the level of testosterone between individuals of the same sex and age. However, there was a significant difference in testosterone l...
Naveed Ahmed, M. Hamayoon Khan and Mian Inayat-Ullah
...ymenoptera spent maximum duration on the blossoms. Among honeybees, Apis dorsata, family Apidae, order Hymenoptera was found more abundantly on the blossoms in all the time periods. A maximum population of all honeybees species was recorded at the first observation period....
Shad K. Khalil, John G. Mexal, Abdur Rehman, A. Z. Khan and Iftikhar Hussain Khalil
...frigerated for the above duration. Seeds were sown in the greenhouse in Ray-Leach tubes at Fabian Garcia Center, New Mexico State University, USA. Seed soaked in distilled water for more than 4 days failed to germinate. Seed refrigerated after 1 day soaking had increased total emergence, reduced days to 50% emergence (T50). However, none of the treatments produced significantly heavier seedlings. Early emerged seedlings resulted in heavier shoots and roots tha...
Wali-ur-Rahman and Muhammad Khan
...o find out the effect of duration of mating on the fecundity and fertility of eggs of two strains of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Out of 6 mating durations from 1 to 6 hours, 5 hours duration was found for the maximum fecundity and 1 hour duration for the maximum fertility of eggs of Chinese and Japanese silkworm strains. Since mating
Syed Shahinshah Gilani, S. M. Chaghtai and Umbrin Khan
...oncentration and soaking duration Root exudates were highly toxic to the radicle growth followed by leaves, stem and whole plant material For the growth of plumule, leaves were found to be highly toxic followed by whole plant, roots and stem. Enhancing effect on the growth of radicle was not observed However, it was observed on the growth of plumule by roots and stem extracts only....
Md. Aktar Hossain , Mohammad Kamaluddin and M. Serajuddoula
.... However, etiolation or duration of etiolation does not significantly affect the rooting ability of cuttings of the species. During propagation, cutting morphology is not significantly changed due to the etiolation of the stockplants. ...
Shad K. Khalil, J. G. Mexal and M. Ortiz
...he PEG concentration or duration improved total germination. However, seed treatment up to 9 days significantly reduced days longer than 9 days was deleterious. ...
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...ed with the increase in duration of time. The yield was optimum after 6 years growth period followed by progressive decline in yield of rhizomes harvested after 8th and 10th years of growth. Monsoon planting provided more number sprouts and higher yield of rhizomes as compared to fall planting. Application of NP fertilizer at 135 kg N and 65kg P/ha basal dose gave higher yield as compared to control. ...
Safia Khanum, Farrukh Hussain and Himayat Hussain Naqvi
...material soaked, soaking duration, freshness of the material assayed and the test species used....
Anwar Ahmad Khan, Shakeel Haider Zaidi and Zainul Arifeen
...mes with increase in the duration of time (number year). Soil working and application of NP135 kg per hectare gave higher yield as compared to control. Interim result based on the yield of three years, 1975, 1d976 and 1977 are presented in this paper. The experiment would continue for further period of two years. ...
Mian Mohammad Muslim
...ations and for different duration at 460C; after 21 hours of oviposition, Treatment with 14.5% HC1 solution for a period of 5.5 minutes was found to be most suitable for obtaining maximum useful hatchability (98%) under local conditions. ...
M. Ismail Chaudhry, Bashir Hussain Shah and Hanif Gul
...ring winter. The average duration of pre-oviposition, incubation, larvae and pupae were 2.3, 3.95, 3.6, 22.16, and 10.54 days, respectively. In usceptibility test of A. ypsilon and A. segetum to G. V. from Denmark conducted in laboratory, 100% mortality of both species was observed due to virus infection while 62% and 63% larvae of A. segetum and A. ypsilon. Pupated successfully in check treatment....
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Iqbal Ahmad
...urs after emergence. The duration of mating varies from 25 minutes to 8 hours. The moths start laying eggs 12 hours after mating. A single female on an average lays 163.5 eggs with a range of 71 to 264 eggs per female. The oviposition period varied from 3-5 days. Incubation period varied from 3 to 9 days. Larvae just after hatching start stitching leaves and feed inside. The larval during duration lasts for 9 to 24 days duri...

Hafiz Ishtiaq Ahmad1, Jinlong Zhang1, Fuxun Luo1, Owais Iqbal2 and Yuying Wang1*

...arious LED spectra for a duration of 14 hours each day and continuous subsequent 100 days. The experiment was completely randomized design with nine treatments and each treatment have ten replications. The SPSS statistics software was used to analyses experimental data. In addition, the result of the current study revealed that the plant height, leaf length, leaf width and root number were significantly increased in the red, blue and white (RBW) composite trea...
Sajid Hussain Shah1, Akeel Ahmed Memon1*, Asmatullah Kaka1
Ahmed Nawaz Tunio2, Abdullah Channo1, Qudratullah Kalwar4
Muhammad Ibrahim Panhwar3, Kashif Ali Malak1 and Baban Ali Rahoo1
...0%, respectively. Estrus duration differs significantly among the treatment groups (P<0.05). Significantly maximum estrus duration was noted in group B (15.02 ± 0.21 h), then A (13.58 ± 2.22 h) and C (10 ± 0.00 h). In all groups blood samples were collected from the milk vein on day 0 (the first treatment), day 7, day 11 (one day after artificial insemination), day 18 and day 30 from all groups for de...

Baby Nhor K. Ambel1*, Nneka Djen A. Matandog1, Neil Pep Dave N. Sumaya2, Florence Roy P. Salvaña1, Bryan Lloyd P. Bretaña1 and Ma. Teodora N. Cabasan1*

... the impact of different durations of monocropping Lakatan banana on soil health as reflected by nematode community structure. For the extraction of nematodes, soil and root samples were collected from various banana farms practicing monocropping for 2-4, 5-9 and 10-15 years. Farms with prolonged monocropping showed an increased population of plant-parasitic nematodes compared to free-living nematodes. Nematode family Hoplolaimidae was recorded as the most dom...

Aura Oktiefa Adyantono, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Daud Samsudewa*

... in the estrus cycle and duration between Bos indicus cattle and their crossbred with Bos taurus. No significant differences in several reproductive parameters due to adaptation or resistance to stress. The increase in progesterone levels during proestrus phase on crossbred cattle is the reason for the occurrence of delayed ovulation, thus requiring external hormone intervention. Based on the finding, Bos indicus crossbred cattle are more recommended to be rai...

Salman K.A.A1, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory3*

...r T1 across all exposure durations. When comparing the injectable treatments to T1, the same phenomenon occurred at 12 and 48 hours. At 6 hours, the glucose concentration at T3 and T4 was considerably (P<0.05) lower than at T1, and at 12 hours, all injection parameters were lower than at T1. At 24 o’clock, the glutathione concentration in T3 increased significantly (P≤0.05) compared to the other treatments, while at 48 o’clock, the glutathion...

Abdul Ghaffar1*, Kashfa Akram1, Habiba Jamil1, Riaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas3, Fozia Afzal4, Ahrar Khan5,6, Rabia Tahir7, Muhammad Ahmad Chishti1 and Shahnaz Rashid3

...d with increased age and duration of exposure. In conclusion, pesticides elicit oxidative stress and lead to hematological, serological, and genetic abnormalities in exposed agricultural workers.

...
Nurhayati1*, Chandra Utami Wirawati2, Dwi Desmiyeni Putri1
...inerals and fermentation duration. The fermentation experiment was designed using a Completely Randomized Design with a 4x6 factorial pattern with three replications for each treatment combination. The first factor was the level of mineral addition (M0 = no mineral addition, M1 = mineral addition with the composition: 2.5 g KCl, 12.5 g ZA, 7.5 g urea, and 2.5 g NPK, M2 = mineral addition with the composition: 5 g KCl, 25 g ZA, 15 g urea, and 5 g NPK, and M3 = ...
Nurhayati1*, Chandra Utami Wirawati2, Dwi Desmiyeni Putri1
...inerals and fermentation duration. The fermentation experiment was designed using a Completely Randomized Design with a 4x6 factorial pattern with three replications for each treatment combination. The first factor was the level of mineral addition (M0 = no mineral addition, M1 = mineral addition with the composition: 2.5 g KCl, 12.5 g ZA, 7.5 g urea, and 2.5 g NPK, M2 = mineral addition with the composition: 5 g KCl, 25 g ZA, 15 g urea, and 5 g NPK, and M3 = ...

Abdul Mannan1*, Naveed Iqbal1, Randhawa1, Abdul Hanan1 and Abdul Qadeer1

... were installed with the duration after 10, 15, 20, days interval repeated and to check out infestation of sugar cane borers. The research shows that results of installed crop was excellent minimum borer attack as compared to less installed trichogramma card. More treated with trichogramma card about 60000 parasitoids eggs /acre at interval after 20 days repeat from May to August. While borers complete their life cycle 30-35 days. This study shows that treated...

Muhammad Ramzan Ali1*, Hasina Basharat2, Aziz Ahmed1, Mubeen Fakhar1 and Shamim Akhter2

...lume, motility, motility duration and sperm concentration also increased. The relationship of fecundity with total weight was linear and positive, while reverse relationship was observed between absolute fecundity and total weight. The highest percentage of fertilization and hatchability rate was found as 88.74±4.23 and 80.76±3.42, respectively. Which were recorded in females having body weight between 800-900g, respectively. The lowest percentag...

Mohammad Wasiullah Khan* and Abdur Rab

...utes studied for storage duration of plum fruit were significantly affected by zinc concentration less weight loss (11.91%), TSS (13.76 ºBrix) were recorded with fruit plant sprayed with zinc sulphate @ 1.1 kg ha-1. The result for various zinc application stages less weight loss (12.75%), TSS (14.18 ºBrix) were recorded with fruit plant sprayed 15 days after fruit set. Storage duration means showed lowest TSS (8.99...
Alaa H. Sadoon1, Zainab Abdulimam Majeed2, Majdy Faisal Majeed1*
...t five distinct fixation durations, inclusive of 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Routine histological preparations included H and E stains to evaluate the quality and structure of the tissues. Competitive results exhibited that amongst all the fixatives, Formalin and Zenker,s had higher effectiveness for short-term fixation (6,12 and 24 hrs). For Bouin’s fluid, the tissues were far more preferable at 12- and 24-hours fixation, while Carnoy’s and Clark...

Elham M. Hosny1*, Saad Mahmoud Saad1, Marionette Zaghloul Nassif2, Amani Mohamed Salem1

...rigerated at 4°C for duration of 12 days (n = 4 for each group at each examination day). The obtained results confirmed that the tested concentrations of PEE significantly inhibited Candida albicans counts in treated minced beef samples, propolis extract has shown superior efficacy in reducing the Candida albicans counts (completely inhibited on day 6 of examination), improving organoleptic qualities, particularly in terms of color, as well as prolonging t...

Ferry Lismanto Syaiful*, Jaswandi Jaswandi, Mangku Mundana, Zaituni Udin 

...lture medium and culture duration for in vitro fertilization techniques. The culture media used include TCM-199 medium supplemented with both B-O (Brackett Oliphant) medium (HEPES, without the use of 5% CO2) and modified B-O (mB-O) medium (without HEPES, with 5% CO2). For the oocyte maturation stage, the culture period was 24 hours, while for in vitro fertilization, various culture periods (6, 12, 18h) were utilized. The analysis of research data acquisition w...

Zahraa Ahmed Khlaf*, Alfred S. Karomy, Qutaiba Jassim Gheni 

..., and 133.3 mg/5 kg, for durations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes, respectively. The results demonstrated that ozone gas effectively inhibited microorganisms in the feed, as indicated by a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in the logarithm of total bacterial counts and E. coli counts in the ozone-treated feeds compared to the control. Furthermore, ozone treatments T4 and T5 resulted in a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the concentrations of aflatoxin and...
Wan Norhafizah Wan Azman and John Yew Huat Tang* 
... of physical forces. The duration of the citric acid treatment was also found to have a major impact on the elimination of L. monocytogenes in lettuce. Citric acid application for 30 min was shown to be significantly more efficacious than that for fifteen minutes (p<0.05). On the other hand, at a concentration of 2.0%, the results indicated that acetic acid is highly effective in eliminating L. monocytogenes without the need for physical appli...
Roshita Ibrahim1*, Anis Nursyazwani Aminuddin1 and Mohd Nizam Lani2
...ad only 0.62 cm/day. The duration for the first mushroom harvesting was led by treatment of combined ES-HLI with 30.4 days. Electrical shock has also resulted in the highest yield and percentage biological efficiency of 378.5 g and 75.7% respectively. The average pileus diameter in control was only 6.16 cm, however, high light intensity treatment produced a larger size of mushroom with an average pileus diameter of 10.09 cm and had the lightest colour compared...

M.J.Al-Saadi*, Dahfir A. Alobaidi, Jassim E.Q.Al-Musawi 

...re (22-25°C) for two durations: three minutes and six minutes. The results showed that meat treated with distilled water (4.11 cfu/g), magnetized water (4.06 cfu/g), and ozone water (3.36 cfu/g) had lower total counts of aerobic bacteria compared to those treated with no wash (4.09 cfu/g) and tap water (4.32 cfu/g). Interestingly, samples treated with ozone water (G5) exhibited significantly lower aerobic bacteria counts (p < 0.05) compared to all other...

Muhammad Ahmad1, Safdar Ali1*, Amer Habib1, Muhammad Usman Ghani2,3, Humaira Kalsoom4, Yasir Iftikhar5 and Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan5*

...se development, sunlight duration upto 11 hours also significantly positively correlated with the severity of the disease while relative humidity between 65-85% favored disease severity. 

...

Tarek M. Mousa-Balabel1*, Ebrahim M. Farg2 and Abobakr A. Elkot1

...est and shortest resting duration of the calves after feeding belonged to the rubber mat and straw bedding. However, bedding substrates had no effect on hemato-biochemical blood parameters except for oesinophils and neutrophils. It could be concluded that the concrete floor substrate was excellent in terms of growth performance and the behavior of calves. While, the rubber mat substrate is more comfortable for Friesian calves to get more rest.

...

Mohamed T. A. Soliman1, Hadeer M. Shosha2, Hala M. Ebaid2, Heba Nageh Gad El-Hak2, Heba M.A. Abdelrazek3*

...upermarkets for extended durations and can result in various illnesses. Consequently, consumers and agricultural laborers may encounter fungicide residues in food and water through oral ingestion, inhalation, and skin exposure. However, there have been only a limited number of research investigating the impact of prenatal exposure to COC on the animal’s immune system. Therefore, three groups of pregnant rats, each consisting of 10 rats, were assigned. Th...

Moh Sofi’ul Anam1, Ali Agus1, Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto1, Gunawan2, Andriyani Astuti1*

...r research with a longer duration related to dairy cow productivity is needed to confirm these findings.
 
Keywords | Antioxidant capacity, Blood biochemistry, Dairy cows, Haematology
...

Bassant Mahmoud Emam1, Jehan Abd Elrazek Hassanen1, Abeer Gaffer Ali Hassan3, Azza Mahmoud Abdullah1, Hadeer Said Aboelnaga2, Amina Ali Dessouki2*

...eek, different doses and durations, different comparisons with other antidiabetic drugs having different mechanism of action than DAPA. 
 
Keywords: Fenugreek, Dapagliflozin, Liver function, Diabetes mellitus, Streptozotocin
...

Saiqa Jehan1*, Tahir Sarwar1, Naveedullah1, Shahzad Khan Khattak2 and M. Jamal Khan3 

...ty has increased and its duration has decreased. Similarly, risk of floods has increased because of the change in climate. The foremost reason of this increase in risk of floods has been attributed to increase in rainfall intensity and snow and glacier melt. However, dry periods has increased by 2-3 weeks according to majority of the respondents. All the respondents mentioned that the temperature has changed of the area in the last 25 years, which has resulted...

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture

December

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 6, pp. 2501-3000

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