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Gregg D. Caruso

Science, Religion and Culture
...occupy non-overlapping magisteria? How do science and religion support, oppose, and/or inform each other? What is the relationship between religion and modern culture? What is the relationship between science and modern culture? How do the various faith traditions view the relationship between science and religion? What, if any, are the limits of scientific explanation? And what are the most important open questions, problems, or challenges confronting the rel...

David N. Livingstone, Dealing with Darwin. Place, Politics, and Rhetoric in Religious Engagements with Evolution, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014, 265 pp., ISBN 13: 978-1-4214-1326-6

Reviewed by Francisco J. Ayala, University Professor & Donald Bren Professor of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, email: fjayala@uci.edu

Science, Religion and Culture
...nerally accepted by biologists and other scientists. How was Darwin’s On the Origin of Species received by his contemporary scholars, particularly by theologians and religious authors? That is the subject of the thoroughly researched and elegantly written book by David N. Livingstone, Dealing with Darwin. Place, Politics, and Rhetoric in Religious Engagements with Evolution.

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Muhammad Zahid1*, Muhammad Salman2, Shah Alam Khan2, Alamzeb1, Inamullah Khan1

 

...cants, which showed synergistic effect in Bordeaux mixture (Copper oxychloride 75g + Lime 3kg + water 10L) in reducing borer infestation (exit holes/ gum points) in the month of January.

 

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Marcus Mann

...ample, evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins published his book, The God Delusion, cognitive philosopher Daniel Dennett came out with Breaking the Spell and journalist and literary critic Christopher Hitchens concluded the movement’s must-read canon with God is Not Great. While these four polemics are indicative of each author’s expertise, they are united in their claim that organized religion is an affront to reason and that we ignore its potenti...

Muhammad Arif Zafar1, Murtaz-ul-Hasan1*, Aayesha Riaz1, Asim Shamim2, Muhammad Farooq Iqbal1 and Arfan Yousaf

E-mail | murtazhassan@yahoo.com

... autogenous vaccine synergistically affected the immune-modulators (Levamisole and Vitamin E + Selenium) in complete regression of the papillomas. It is effective to use autogenous vaccine along with immune-modulators to revert the papillomas completely.

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Rehmat Ullah1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Kalim Ullah2

...aracteristics and MFSC registration duration and Rank Based Quotient was calculated for problem identification. It was found that machinery was provided to almost half of the respondents. Similarly seed was the most provided input followed by fertilizers. Top most source of agriculture information was input dealers followed by Model Farm Services Center. The top learned skills by respondents in MFSC were the agronomic practices whereas there was big gap in hor...

 Arif Khan, Abdur Rahman, Shoail Akhtar, Siraj Uddin, Zahid Ullah and Nazir Ahmad

 
...ght beef samples from Longissimus dorsi muscle were collected from three age groups (i.e. group 1= 12-18 monts, 2 =18.1-36.0 months and 3= > 36 months) of Kundi and Nili Ravi breeds of buffalo. Samples were obtained from freshly preselected slaughtered buffaloes at local municipal abattoir Peshawar. The effect of breed and animal age on marbling, water holding capacity (WHC) and tenderness and sarcomere lenth of the two buffalo breed beef samples were inves...

Mazhir Nadeem Ishaq, Li Cui Xia, Rukhsana Rasheed, Zeeshan Ahmad, Muhammad Abdullah

...tion of t-test, binary Logistic model and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) with algorithm of near neighbor (NN) and interval matching. The impact of cooperative membership on small milk producers was evaluated by calculating the values of average treatment effects (ATE) on eight performance indicators. The outcomes of study disclosed that cooperative members have higher farm income, more milk production, reared improved cattle breeds, get better access to veter...

Abdul Baset1, Qun Liu1,*, Muhammad Tariq Hanif1, 2, Baochao Liao1, Aamir Mahmood Memon1,3 and Muhammad Mohsin1

...iates) contain Fox and Logistic models. The average annual landings of S. longiceps stocks were 38 353 t while the highest and lowest 65 050 t in 1994 and 26 937 t in 2009 was recorded correspondingly. The MSY was estimated using the initial proportion (IP) value of 1 because the starting catch was approximately 100% of the maximum catch. The estimated values of MSY using CEDA with the Fox model under three error assumptions of normal, log-normal and gamma wer...

Bahattin Cak1, Orhan Yilmaz1, Siddik Keskin2, Tahir Bayril3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4*

...ds and Three Parameter Logistic models were used. The best model was determined by considering the root mean square error, R2 % and asymptotic correlation coefficient criteria. We concluded that the Gompertz and Richards models were favourable for singletons and that the Richards model was favorable for determining twin Colored Mohair goat growth characteristics. Birth type should be considered in subsequent genetic evaluations. Furthermore, producing heavier ...
...s an initiative of virologists around the globe who gathered after publishing a series of books on the mononegaviruses of veterinary importance. The rebranding of the journal is a part of the journal’s re-structuring process to expand the avenue from regional to global audiences. With heavy contributions from authors around the world, we aim to publish quality publications, both critical reviewers and cutting-edge research, in coming issues of the Hosts ...
K.N. ArulJothi1, M. Abinaya1, B. Suruthi Abirami1, Melvin George2, S. Elangovan3 and A. Devi1*
...g equilibrium. Through logistic regression analysis, it was observed that, in Tamil population the CC and CT genotype carriers have higher odds of developing myocardial infarction (OR – 1.64 and  2.04 respectively) and for developing hypercholesterolemia (OR – 2.02 and 2.13 respectively). In the total population, the CC genotype carriers have significantly lower HDL-C (0.82 ± 0.04 mmol/L Vs, 0.9 ± 0.05 mmol/L (p<0.05)) and hig...
Muhammad Shahid1, Iram Amin1,*, Samia Afzal1, Zareen Fatima1, Sadia Zahid1, Usman Ashraf1 and Muhammad Idrees2
...nters of Pakistan were registered in present study of which 214 were females and 489 were male. Overall weighted prevalence of PCR positivity was 38% (268). Of the total 268 PCR positive subjects, 0.74%, 56.71%, 15.67% were positive for serotype 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Only 72 suspected patients had concurrent infection with serotype 2 and 3. Higher incidence of RNA positivity by PCR was found in males (71%) as compared to the females (29%). The higher incide...

Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty

Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...ogies available to virologists have obviously become more diverse and improved, the challenges have also changed greatly.Detection of plant viruses is becoming more critical as globalization of trade,particularly in horticultural commodities increase. The potential effects of climate change have further aggravated the movement of viruses and their vectors, transforming the diagnostic landscape. Geminiviruses are a group of plant viruses characterized by circul...

B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran

Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management
...ment of India has made registration of microbial pesticides mandatory before commercial production/import/sale. Guidelines and data requirements for registration of microbial pesticides have been provided in the annexure of Insecticide Act. Quality control parameters set by CIB are inadequate for knowing potentiality of a bioagent. Apart from the counts of live propagules in the formulation, bioefficacy also should be taken ...

1S. A. Khan and 2S. Jha

Effect of dates of sowing, moisture regimes, varieties and weather factors on incidences of aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) in rape and mustard
...between Tmax and Tmin, registered always positive correlation with aphid population. On aphid observation date, morning RH showed significant positive correlation, whereas after noon RH registered significant negative association with aphid population. After noon RH prevailing 3 to 5 days prior to aphid counting dates exhibited positive correlation, thus exerting favourable influence to increase aphid population. Weather bas...

Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta

Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,Waqas Wakil2 andMuhammad Hussnain Babar3

 

...t lower dose showed synergistic interaction (CTF≥20). While rest of the combination showed additive effect (CTF≤20). Integration of NPV and flubendiamide proved more fatal at higher concentrations than the individual application at lower concentration for pupation and adult emergence of S. litura. Apart from untreated larvae (control) maximum pupation (66.01±1.32 and 73.95±1.28 %) and adult emergence (61.87±1.71 and 67.77&plus...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*, Shah Saud Ahmad and Asif Nawaz 

...t 57% respondents were registered with FSC since last 4-6 years period. Also 57% of the respondents mentioned that the extension agent was the source of awareness about FSC. About 43% of the respondents were invited by FSC for general body meeting whereas only 26% participated in the process of election. Maximum respondents were provided farm machinery by FSC i.e. cultivator (51%), rotavator (56%), mold bold plough (56%), disk plough (48%), single furrow (47%)...
Umair Talib1*, Ijaz Ashraf1, Khalid Mahmood Chaudhary1, Riaz Ahmad2
... of 2,365 rice growers registered by public and private sectors in the district was selected. Interview schedule was used as research tool. In the light of above findings, it is concluded that growers were not satisfied with public sector’s extension field staff (EFS) regarding their help in credit acquisition and dealing with them. Performance of private sector is very poor in provision of information about innovative technologies to farmers. Analy...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1,*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...16, OH-152 and Tarnab Nargis were found comparatively susceptible, Rama Krishna, NS-810, Baharti Kaspori, Lady Finger-1 and Lady Finger-2 showed intermediate resistant reaction while KT-458, Bhindi Punjab Selection, Arka Anamika and Bhindi Sabazpari proved to be comparatively resistant. Maximum fruit and shoot infestations were recorded on comparatively susceptible cultivars while the infestations were the minimum on comparatively resistant cultivars. As compa...
Qunhua Han1,2, Meiwen Zhang1,*, Cong Guo2, Xunjun Zhou1, Bo Li1 and Yong Wang1
...ng Von Bertalanffy and Logistic equations. Instantaneous growth rates and growth acceleration of Yangtze voleat different densities were calculated. Results showed that at different stages, the growth of the pups was density-dependent, while during the adult age, was independent of the presence of other individuals. The difference of hind foot length (HFL) between groups was not significant from day 21 while the body weight (BW) difference was significant or h...
Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1,2, Danling Tang1,*, Ye Hai Jun1, Morozov Evgeny1, Sufen Wang1 and Muhammad Aslam Buzdar
...rom ASPIC from Fox and logistic model were 3652 (R2=0.8) and from logistic model were 2962 (R2=0.799), respectively. The present estimated values from surplus production models is lower than annual catch it shows that the stock of crab fishery from Pakistani waters is in overexploitation state, we may suggest to reduce the fishing efforts to sustain the crab stock from Pakistani waters for future genera...
Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Abdul Majid Khan1,*, Ghazala Roohi3 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...d by different paleontologists as stress indicator in evaluation of palaeo-environments. The present study involves the analysis of enamel hypoplasia in seven extinct giraffid species to determine and compare stress periods during the early Miocene to Pleistocene ages of the Siwaliks of Pakistan. Enamel hypoplasia is a tooth malady which is caused by the deficiency of food/nutrients. The feeding deficiency is directly linked to the physiological or environment...
Telat Yanik1,* and Irfan Aslan2
... researchers, a global legislation and action-plan is required. Additionally, regulatory authorities from both developed and underdeveloped countries should enforce the implementation of these legislations. Such initiatives are fundamental in conservation of aquaculture, sustainability of increasing food security and to maintain the ecosystem of the planet.
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Qamar-un-Nisa1, Muhammad Younus2,*, Muti-ur-Rehman1, Azhar Maqbool3 and Sajid Umar4

 

...assess the probable synergism of E. coli (O78) and velogenic Newcastle disease virus in the broiler model. Three-week-old commercial broilers were inoculated with either vNDV, E. coli serotype O78 or both agents simultaneously or 3 days apart. The birds were clinically observed and swabbed daily. They were killed at 4 and 14 days after single or dual inoculations and were inspected for gross lesions. Samples of the respiratory organs (trachea, lu...

Muhammad Zahid1*, Muhammad Ather Javed Khan2, Muhammad Idrees3 and Ahmad Kamran Khan4 

...on technologies by the registered growers of Hasilpur, Punjab. In order to collect this information an interview schedule was prepared and respondents (150 growers of farmer field school) were interviewed personally by the author. The findings revealed 98.7%, 100% and 98% cotton growers were aware of hoeing, leaf curl virus and biological control of insects-pests. Before integrated pest management all the farmers used pesticides haphazardly while 1.3% used aft...
Ted Peters
...uished evolutionary biologist and winner of the Presidential Medal for Science, Francisco J. Ayala. I offer responses to each critique.
...

Afsheen Masood1*, Rubab Musarrat2, Shama Mazahir3 and Adeela Ashraf4  

...ssionals, health psychologists, community workers and the future researchers. 

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Justyna Batkowska1,*, Lukasz Wlazlo2, Kamil Drabik1, Bozena Nowakowicz-Debek2, Karrar I.A. Al-Shammari3 and Magdalena Gryzinska1
...body weight gains were registered. The effectiveness of grapefruit juice as a disinfectant for hatching eggs was noticed in terms of reducing the development of microflora on the eggshell. Its use did not directly affect the hatching results and chick quality, however, they were similar to control groups, what may confirm possible use of GT juice as an alternative disinfection method.
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Sadaf Ghulam Rasul1*, Uzma Yaqub2, Maida Manzoor1 and Hafsa Mubasshar

...nclusion criteria were registered and an non-probability purposive technique of sampling was used. Diagnostic laparoscopy was conducted to make a diagnosis of endometriosis. Females were divided into two groups. Females in group A received treatment with Letrozole tablets (2.5 mg/day) and in group B received Danazol tablets (600 mg/day) for 3 months. Pelvic pain was assessed using VAS score and the mean decrease in pain score was assessed between two groups us...

Ayesha Saeed*, Mobina Naqvi and Ahsan Javed 

...e risk and multinomial logistic Regression were applied using SPSS version 22. Mean maternal age was 28.100+4.824 years, mean education was 12.400+2.138 years, mean BMI was 29.420+5.075 and mean household income was PKR 25641+16251.543. With these characteristics, the mean birth weight of2.814+0.551 kg was recorded. Four percent (n=2) had very low food security and 34% (n=17) women had low food security. Importantly, food unsecured women had a 5.439 times incr...

Sidra Majeed, Shahid Ahmad*, Asif Ali Bhatti** and Ghazanfar Abbas***

...nd Services (FOS) crop registers. Water productivity of barani organic desi wheat (C591) grown at NARC was computed using the data of last 10 years (1998-08), which revealed variation from 1.98 to 0.29 kgm-3 of seasonal rainfall. The correlation between seasonal rainfall and water productivity is very high (0.93). There is a strong correlation between seasonal rainfall and yield of barani wheat. The yield of barani wheat grown using chemical fertilizers varied...

Aslam Memon, A. M. Khushk* and Umer Farooq**

...ough improvements were registered for most of the indicators, however, their magnitude was quite small indicating slowness of varietal diffusion. Very high variations in varietal diffusion indicators were also observed across provinces, farm size and tenancy status categories.In conclusion, despite that major proportion of total sugarcane area was planted under recommended varieties, the varietal diffusion process among sugarcane growers all over the country w...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1*, Rehmat Ullah1, Asif Nawaz1 and Ejaz Ashraf2 

...stricts and 80 farmers registered with Farm Services were randomly selected from each district. Thus, sample size was making a total of 400 respondents. Primary data were collected with the help of pre-tested interview schedule through personal interview method. The results of this research study revealed that affinity toward Farm Services Centers were bulk of the educated, middle aged and small landholding farmers. Maximum of the respondents had above 20 year...
Umair Riaz*1, Zafar Abbas1, Qamar uz Zaman2, Muhammad Mubashir1, Mahwish Jabeen2, Syed Ali Zulqadar1, Zeenat Javeed1, Saeed-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Muhammad Javid Qamar1

 Muneeb Zafar*, Tahir Mehmood**, Irfan Ahmad Baig**, Abdul Saboor** Mazher Abbas***, Shumaila Sadiq** and Khalid Mahmood****

ANALYTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF NON-OPTIMAL USE OF PESTICIDES AND HEALTH HAZARDS FOR VEGETABLE PICKERS
...Rs. 16). Hence, strict legislation is required to overcome the availability of hazardous pesticides and to keep the vegetable pickers aware of the optimal use of pesticides through appropriate extension services. 

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 Arshia Naeem*, Maria Anjum*, Mariam Rehman*, Zahid Mahmood** and Muhammad Asif Kamran**

AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM TO FACILITATE FARMERS IN WHEAT, SUGARCANE AND OTHER CROP DISEASES IDENTIFICATION
...application. An online registration facility was provided along with interface to send image of crop related diseases. The desktop application consisted of an image analyzer that received images from web application and processes them to identify crop disease. The proposed platform was evaluated in collaboration with researchers from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad by employing walkthrough and survey with farmers and agriculturists. The...

Sher Muhammad , Ijaz Ashraf*, Amir Khatam**, and Naima
Nawaz*** 

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES OF MODEL FARM SERVICES CENTERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
... be given priority for registration in MFSCs so that they could avail full benefits of MFSCs through active participation.

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Wazha Mugabe1,3,Gaolebale Segolame Mpapho1, John Kamau1, Wameotsile Mahabile2, Shalaulani James Nsoso1, Kealeboga Dipheko1 and Assar Ali Shah3,*
...170 farmers officially registered with the Oodi agriculture station. Farmers were visited to conduct face to face interviews and administer a questionnaire. The results showed that farmers milking average three goats constituted the highest (47%) share, and the majority (46%) of them had a daily yield of 1-2 L/day followed by those yielding <1L/day (40%). A significantly (P<0.05) high (62%) proportion of farmers adopted a 3-4 months lactation period whil...

Jesse M. Smith

...ces. I also argue sociologists of religion should investigate more directly religious leaders’ rhetoric to better understand the relationship between religious and secular spheres.
...
Yanxiao Meng1, Guihua Wang1, Dongmei Xiong1,*, Haixia Liu1, Xiaolin Liu1, Lixin Wang1 and Jianlu Zhang2
...long time. Some ichthyologists thought that there should be two species (B. lenok and B. tumensis) in Amur River and a subspecies (B. lenok tsinlingensis) in the Qinling Mountains, while others believed no division of the subspecies. Thus, 169 specimens of Brachymystax spp. were collected from three locations (Heihe River, Amur and Ussuri River) to identify the taxonomic status in terms of morphological variation among these species...
 Nazia Qamar1, Sher Khan Panhwar1,* and Ralf Riedel2,*
...ity was estimated with logistic regression, using the same independent variables as above. Prey importance was also investigated. Prey importance was assessed using a Wilcox Rank Correlation analysis on the Index of Relative Importance (IRI) by species and life-stage. Permanova analysis showed that fish was the most important dietary item for juveniles and adults. Adults secondarily preferred crustaceans. Fish was predominant for S. commersonnianus and ...
Muhammad Umair Sattar1, Aysha Sameen1,*, Nuzhat Huma1 and Muhammad Shahid2
...effective as it act synergistically with cheese milk homogenization. They collectively increased the fat retention (10.67%) which inturn improve meltability (59.72 mm), stretchability (52.63 cm), texture (1650.7 g) and appearance (L*= 63.30) of G0.15. In conclusion, use of guar gum at 0.15% level along with cheese milk homogenization offers a perspective to reduce fat in Mozzarella cheese without compromising its quality.
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Lili Zhang, Yuanxiao Wang, Yili Kong, Hussain Ahmad, Rui Yan, Li Dong, Jingfei Zhang and Tian Wang*
... from both groups. Longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected from four selected pigs at 160 days of age. Body weight, ADG and ADFI were decreased significantly by IUGR from birth to 160 days of age (P<0.05). At 28 and 160 days of age, the serum urea nitrogen levels of the IUGR pigs were significantly higher than the NBW pigs (P<0.05). The serum insulin levels of the IUGR pigs were significantly lower (P<0.05) than the NBW pigs at 28 and 6...
Senol Celik1,*, Ecevit Eyduran2, Adile Tatliyer3, Koksal Karadas4, Mehmet Kazim Kara2 and Abdul Waheed5
...n-Mercer-Flodin (MMF), Logistic, Von-Bertalanffy and Janosheck models, based on monthly records of body weight from birth to 1 year in Daera Din Panah (DDP) goat. Based on coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (R2ADJUSTED) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used. Janosheck model was chosen as the most appropriate model for its highest R2 (0.999) and smallest RMSE (0.124). Growth...
Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar*1, Amir Shakeel1, Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar2, Sumaira Zareen2, Syeda Sana Aamir4 and Muhammad Asadullah4
... AA-703 × PB-900 registered significant SCA effects and positive heterosis and hetrobeltiosis for most of the trait investigated. 
...
Riyadh S. Aljumaah*, Mohammed A. Alshaikh, Abdulrahman Jarelnabi, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman and Mansour F. Hussein
...aninum antibodies. Logistic regression analysis and estimation of odds ratio revealed significant association of the sex and location of the camels with N. caninum seropositivity. On the other hand, neither the breed nor age of the camels was significantly associated with seropositivity.Studies are needed to evaluate other potential risk factors and to assess the pathogenic effects and economic consequences of neosporosis in camels.
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Abdul Majid Ujjal2, Sharmin Akter1* and Suman Paul1 
...nformation of hospital register, outcome of this report provided some hints of burden and identified some potential factors and temporal trend of FMD and HS in buffalos of selected upazilas of Sylhet. 
...
Waqas Ali1,*, Arshad Javid1, Syed Mohsin Bhukhari1, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Hira Rafique1
...of the conservation biologists worldwide to monitor herpetofunal diversity for effective conservation planning and management. Different sampling techniques are applied during herpetofaunal surveys and some of them might be expensive, time intensive and their effectiveness in different regions of the world are still debatable. Moreover, data recorded from inappropriate designed surveys are not suitable for statistical analysis and provide inappropriate picture...
Hongqun Li1, Xiaoli Liu2,*, Zhenmin Lian3,RenheWang4, Yongbin Wang4, Yongyao Fu1 andDingyi Wang5
...d elimination stepwise logistic regression was worked out with the above significantly different variables and their first-order interaction as independent variables. Finally, regression equation with the lower Akaike’s Information Criterion for small sample sizes (AICc) value was regarded as the optimal model. The model indicated that nest-site success of brown-eared pheasants was negatively related to cover of shrubs, and first-order interaction betwee...

Usman Shakoor1, Ali Nasir2, Mudassar Rashid1, Muhammad Iftikhar-ul-Husnain1, Nabila Khurshid1 and Zuhair Husnain

...on of Pakistan’s legislators in formalizing an agricultural tax regime has unequivocally induced critical structural weaknesses in the fiscal machinery. Addressing the concern, the study has analysed the impact of agriculture taxes on the share of agriculture GDP of Pakistan and empirically investigated the long run relationship between the variables using time series data for last 23 years. It was empirically evaluated that increase in agriculture taxes...

Muhammad Fiaz1*, Muhammad Afzal1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2 

...shown a significant synergistic effect against D. citri infestation and is recommended to citrus growers against sucking insect pests. 

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Saeed Ullah1, Amanullah Jan1, Murad Ali2*, Wiqar Ahmad3, Hafeez Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Ishaq2 and Bilal Ahmad2  

...eceiving 10 kg Zn ha-1 registered a significant increase of 8, 9, 4, 27 and 9%, in plant height (PH), PN, GY, BY and HI, respectively over the control, and recorded the lowest number of days to maturity (185) compared to control (188 days). Both 70 and 105 kg P2O5 ha-1 registered PH with 8% increase, PN with 8 and 7.4% increase, respectively, GY with 4% increase, BY with 25% increase and HI with 9.2 and 9.5% increase over th...

Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Veraldo Liesenberg2 and Syed Shehzad Hassan1  

Maaz Ahmad1*, Mussab Ahmad2 and Tehreem Munir3
Taimoor Akram Khan1*, Anam Farooq2, Amna Farooq3, Muhammad Nasir1, Gohar Khan4 and Ali Akram Khan1
...cted from standard OPD register in which all patients that presented in the outpatient department of the facility during a period of 6 months from 1st January, 2017 to 30th June, 2017 were included and no patient was excluded.
Results: Out of total 2357 patients, 1024 (43.4%) were males and 1333 (56.6%) were females. Most of the patients 1057 (44.8%) belonged to the age group of 15-49 years whereas only 96 (4.1%) were l...
Muhammad Kashif Munir1*, Sana Rehman1, Rizwan Iqbal1, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Muhammad Aasim1
...l of 125 subjects were registered in present study including 64 (51.2%) males and 61 (48.8%) females of age 15 years and above with mean age of 36.9±14.99. Sensitivity and specificity of the assay was observed as 92.1% and 93.5%, respectively. Association of rifampicin resistant by MTB/RIF assay and isoniazid resistance was found to be 88.1% and an agreement rate of rifampicin resistance by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay with isoniazid resistance was 81.25%. A...

Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Irfan Chani1 and Muhammad Afzal2 

...ly policies and proper legislative measures are necessary for the smooth flow of increasing agriculture output and overcoming financial constraints. 

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Xiaqing Chen, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...viely. The level of synergism between ethylacetate extract and carbendazim was affected by the concentration of each component in the mixtures. The synergistic effects were observed in treatments T4 (3.5+40.0), T5 (7.0+20.0) and T6 (7.0+40.0), respectively. The treatment T3 (3.5+20.0) was determined as additive effects according to their cumulative adjusted mortalities, Me and Chi-square values. The current research on the j...

Yasir Ali1*, Muhammad Aslam Khan1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Muhammad Hussain2

...s basis for plant pathologist, plant breeders and genetics to develop non-specific rust resistant wheat varieties through gene pyramiding or marker assisted breeding 

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Shagufta Naz*, Saima Sharif, Hafsa Badar, Syeda Fareeha Tauheed
...h the help of ophthalmologist. The main purpose of such type of research was directed to find the prevalence of Macular corneal dystrophy in the families of Lahore. The techniques used for the diagnosis of MCD were visual Acuity test by Snellen chart, phoropter, slit lamp biomicroscopy, topography, keratometer and pachymetry. In this study, 50 patients of MCD were identified among which 40 were males and 10 were females, including 9 cases with family history. ...
Muhammad Mohsin1, Dai Guilin1,*, Chen Zhuo1, Yin Hengbin1 and Muhammad Noman2
...>., Fox Model (FM) and Logistic Model (LM) were employed. MSY estimates for Carangoides fishery by using CEDA and ASPIC were between 1404-1709 t (tonnes) and 1409-1705 t correspondingly. The calculated MSY range by both the software significantly overlaps. However, ASPIC results showed higher values of R2. On the basis of obtained results, it is concluded that this fishery resource is overexploited which confers several economic disadvantages...
Farhat Iqbal1, Mohammad Masood Tariq2,*, Ecevit Eyduran3, Zil-e-Huma4, Abdul Waheed5, Farhat Abbas2, Muhammad Ali2, Nadeem Rashid2, Majed Rafeeq2, Asadullah2 and Zahid Mustafa2
...n inference. Gompertz, Logistic, Brody and Von Bertalanffy models were fitted to average monthly body weight data of (n = 412) Mengali sheep from birth to 24 months of age for both sexes (male and female) and type of births (single and twin). The overall goodness of fit was checked by calculating Deviance Information Criteria (DIC) and the square of correlation (R2) between observed body weight and the predicted value’s marginal density...

Shumaila Nazeer1, Iqbal Javed1*, Allah Bakhsh2, Mudassar Yasin2, Haroon Javaid3 and Kaniz Fatima1 

...sed for UAE and binary logistic regression technique was used for USA market. According to the finding, gross export margin for USA market is Rs. 30644 per ton and percent export margin is 70 percent while Net export margin is found as Rs. 14076.074 per ton. While in case of UAE market, Gross export margin is estimated as Rs.21601.2 per ton. For the Market of UAE, percent export margin is 64 percent whereas net export margin is Rs. 8583.294 per ton. In case of...
Huseyin Cetin1,*, Oner Kocak2, Emre Oz1, Samed Koc1, Yesim Polat1 and Kalender Arıkan2
...e world. The use of synergistic substances to overcome insecticide resistance is widespread. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is used as a synergist in combination with SPs for the control of houseflies. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of SPs (cypermethrin, permethrin and deltamethrin) and their combination with different rates of PBO (1: 0.125, 1:0.25, 1:0.5 and 1:1) against four Turkish house fly populations (...

Rehmat Ullah* and Khalid Nawab 

... method whereas binary logistic regression model was utilized (binary responses (1 if exists 0 otherwise) both of dependent and independent variables) to find out the effect of precautionary measures and Personal Protection Equipment on self-reported acute poising cases. Binary logistic regression analysis depicted highly significant negative association between adverse effects of pesticides like headache, dizziness, feeling...

Tanweer Ahmed*, Kashif Saeed Khan and Mohammad Naeem 

...agriculture growth has registered mixed trends from 1972 to 2014. Empirical evidence from developing countries suggests that public spending has a profoundly positive relationship with agricultural growth. Agriculture is the second largest sector of Pakistan’s economy, accounting for more than one-fifth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employing almost half of the country’s workforce. The study utilized time series data for the period 1972 to 20...

Saeed Ullah1, Muhammad Israr1*, Shakeel Ahmad2, Nafees Ahmad3 and Asif Yaseen

...ndom sampling from 857 register farmers. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire from the heads of the farming households (HH) and analysed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. It was found that majority (62%) of the farmers were in the age groups of 41-60. HH size of the farmers was 6-9 members per HH. Farming experience of the HH heads was 21-31 and above years as reported by 63.33% of the respondents. Chi-square P-values point...
Farhat Iqbal1, Abdul Waheed2,*, Zil-e-Huma3 and Asim Faraz2
...y, Von Bertalanffy and Logistic growth models were employed on the basis of nonlinear least squares and Bayesian methods. Using the monthly body weight data of 2070 weight records of Thalli sheep from birth to 24 months of age for both sexes (male and female) and type of births(single and twin), the estimates of parameters and their credible intervals were obtained from posterior distributions. The overall goodness of fit of classical method was calculated; na...
Asghar Khan1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Arfan Yousaf2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Mamoona Chaudhry1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Habibunnabi4 and Amjad Khan5
...ound. On multivariable logistic regression several health (lactation stage, number of lactations, body mass index, udder shape and milk yield), management (udder preparation and teat dipping) and bio-security (source of animal, feed sharing, manure removal and de-worming) factors were identified as potential risk factors (OR>1; P-Value<0.05). An increasing trend of prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis was observed considering previous studies from Pakista...
Mohsan Iqbal1, Farid Asif Shaheen1, Rashid Mahmood2,*, Muhammad Khalid Rafique2, Imran Bodlah1, Farah Naz3 and Muhammad Usman Raja3
... the present study, synergistic effects of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae and entomopathogenic bacteria (EPB), Photorhabdus temperata and Xenorhabdus nematophila were studied as bio-control agents to manage this pest. In addition, percent conidial germination and % mortality of C. chinensis were also evaluated when B. bassiana was used with DEBBM. The minimum number of eggs ...

Amjad Ali1*, Wiqar Ahmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Motasim Billah1 

...(1.73, 1.68 and 1.67%) registered 98, 93 and 91% increase over the OM in the control (0.87%), respectively. Amonium bicarbonate diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (AB-DTPA) extractable soil Fe after < 2, 2-5, 5-10 mm particles size treatments and the control was 2.48, 2.06, 1.99 and 1.81 mg kg-1, Zn was 0.41, 0.36, 0.33 and 0.31 mg kg-1, Mn was 1.23, 1.05, 1.02 and 0.89 mg kg-1, and Cu was 0.51, 0.38, 0.37 and 0.26 mg kg-1, respectively. Bizote-N and ...

Muhammad Noman, Yong Tong Mu*, Muhammad Mohsin, Aamir Mahmood Memon and Muhammad Talib Kalhoro

...wo SPMs, Fox (F-M) and logistic (L-M) were used in ASPIC. In CEDA, for initial proportion (IP) 0.9, F-M for L-EA and LN-EA estimated maximum sustainable yield (MSY) as 2593 t and 2282 t. However, G-EA produced minimization failure (MF). Estimated MSY for L-EA and LN-EA through S-M and PT-M were remained same viz. 3523 t and 4584 t, respectively. However, here G-EA assumption also showed MF. In ASPIC, for same IP, F-M and L-M estimated MSY as 2313 t and ...
Joyce Osarogie Odigie*
...ement by freshwater ecologists. Obueniyomo River is the main water supply channel for the inhabitants of Agemokpa village in Ovia East Local Government Area of Edo State, as they are fully dependent on it for agricultural and domestic use, bringing its ecological integrity to question. These anthropogenic effects result in the deteriorating quality of the water, which hampers the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates and may be hazardous to the health of ...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,*, Hareem Mansoor1, Sana Khan1 and Mushtaq A. Saleem1
...w the importance of synergism as well as the concerns about environmental hazards and emergence of resistance against these insecticides, the current project was designed to figure out the lethal concentration (LC50) of emamectin, abamectin and spinosad alone and in various conbinations such as abamectin:emamectin (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 1:2 and 1:3) and abamectin:spinosad (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 1:2 and 1:3) against two larval instars (4th and 6th<...
Min Li1,2, Jingjing Wang3, Suxian Hu3, Philip Stott4, Baoqing Lin5, Lianshan Li5, Hui Liu1, Heng Bao1, Duoying Cui6 and Guangshun Jiang1,* 
Hande Kucukonder1, Pinar Celebi Demirarslan1*, Sezai Alkan2 and Özgür Baris Bırgul3
...talanffy, Gompertz and Logistic and can be used as an alternative to nonlinear regression models in growth analysis.
...

Muhammad Israr* and Noor Khan 

...of equal number of FSC registered and non-registered farmers, was selected from Northern, Central and Southern climatic zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The selected wheat growers were interviewed for data collection. Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted over the collected data-set to estimate a grower’s probability of adopting improved seed technology and quantify the role ...

Sanaullah1, Fazli Rabbi2*, Shahid Ali2, Zeeshan Khan3 and Muhammad Zamin4 

...ite. The policy should legislate to introduce payment system for visiting the tourist site to generate funds for its development. Moreover, development programs shall be initiated to attract tourists vis-à-vis realize the objectives of the sustainable management and conservation of biodiversity. 

...

Shazia Akhtar1, Abdul Samad1*, Afshan Gohar1, Muhammad Munir Shahid2, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Arslan Sarwer1, Adnan Khan1 and Karam Ahad1 

Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad2, Muhammad Jalal Arif1 and Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,*
...f PxGV, resulted in synergistic interaction after 3rd, 5th and 8th days post application while the additive effect was observed only after 1 day post-treatment. Moreover, combined application of PxGV and AZA at sub-lethal doses exhibited increased larval, pupal and adult longevity and decreased larval and adult weight. In conclusion, combination of PxGV and AZA at low dose rate is a viable option to control diamondback moth.
Umer Iqbal1,* and Tariq Mukhtar2
...o fungicides have been registered to control Macrophomina phaseolina in Pakistan. Therefore, in the present study, nine fungicides belonging to different groups were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo effectiveness against M. phaseolina. Highly significant inhibitory effects of fungicides were recorded on the growth of M. phaseolina. All the fungicides caused significant inhibition of the fungus over control. Maximum in...

Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2,*, Saiqa Andleeb1, Abdul Rauf1,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,3, Sadia Idrees4, Faisal Farooq1,3, Faiq Nawaz Khan3,4, Muhammad Saad-ul-Hassan1,3, Raja Awais Mumtaz1,3, Saba Khalid1, Zaheem Ashraf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2 and Fazal-ur-Rehman5

.... Thalassemia patients registered in Combine Military Hospital (CMH) Rawalakot and Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Hospital, Muzaffarabad Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan were studied for the viral hepatitis B and C prevalence. A total of 303 (including 164 males and 139 females) individuals, aged between 1 and 12 years were studied. All the understudy participants were interviewed through questionnaire method. After taking written consent from each particip...

Saleem Ashraf1, Raheel Saqib2*, Zakaria Yousuf Hassan3, Muhammad Luqman4 and Abdur Rehman5  

...rketing system through legislation and government should develop systematic marketing channels and support to develop fruits industry or value addition. 

...
Muhammad Asif Gondal, Qazal Waheed, Sana Tariq, Waseem Haider, Aisha Khan, Qudsia Rasib and Haroon Ahmed*
...ed the attention of biologists. The ecological attributes like diversity, species richness and equitability of freshwater gastropods are important due to various reasons like intermediate hosts for many trematodes and bio-indicator. Snails are cosmopolitan in distribution and diversity of habitat to perform ecological performance is abosolute. The freshwater malacological information is sparse within Pakistan specifically in the foothills of Margalla hills. Th...
Yun-Feng Liu, Yong-Mei Guan, Dan Chen, Jia-Le Chen, Chen Jin, Wei-Feng Zhu, Lu Wu and Li-Hua Chen*
... an attenuation and synergistic effect.
...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*, Rashid Mushtaq1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Mujahid Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir2,  Zubair Aslam4, Sumaira Maqsood5, Ishita Ahuja3 and Atle M. Bones3
... to investigate the synergistic, additive or antagonistic effect of three sub-lethal dose rates (2 x 103, 4.5 x 103, and 6 x 103 PIB/Larva) of native isolated Nucleopolyhydrovirus (NPV) from Spodoptera litura and Spinosad (0.01 ppm) against 3rd and 4th instar larvae collected from three different geographical areas of Punjab (Pakistan). A difference in larval mortality, pupation, adult emergence and...
Sevil Demirci*, Aydın Demirci and Emrah Şimşek
... were von Bertalanffy, Logistic, Richards, and Gompertz growth models. Growth type of Randall’s threadfin bream has rapid property; hence the fish population may be continued increasing in the Iskenderun Bay and other of Eastern Mediterranean regions.
...

Mahfooz Khan* and Himayatullah Khan 

...eshawar. A multinomial logistic regression model was used for choice of alternative energy sources for cooking purpose. Results of the study showed that income of farm households, education level of household head and cooking cost had significant effect on the use of electricity, firewood and natural gas as against animal dung cakes for cooking purpose which was the base category. The study concluded that the use natural gas for cooking was less expensive as c...
Ahsan Numan1,4, Khadija Irfan Khawaja2, Abdul Basit Qureshi3Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf4, Imtiaz Rabbani4, Hafsa Zaneb5 and Habib Rehman4*
...DSP (83.17%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the DSP was significantly associated with age of the patients (OR:1.40, CI:1.24-1.67), duration of DMT2 (OR:1.24, CI: 1.01-1.35), HbA1c (OR:1.86, CI:1.61-2.05), blood fastening sugar level (OR:1.37, CI: 1.18-1.51) and triglyceride concentrations (OR:1.13, CI: 1.02-1.33). In conclusion, the DSP was considerably higher in DMT2 patients and was significantly associated with age of patients...
Sumaira Akram1, Sajid Aleem Khan1*, Nazir Javed1 and Saeed Ahmad2
Bo Gao1,2, Fengmei Yang3, Wei Chen2, Xiaojia Song4, Xiaobo Liu5 and Dongmin Li1*
...t cancer. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that relative MDR1 expression levels in patients of the positive-group survival curves were lower than those in patients of the negative-group curves. High MDR1 expression is associated with clinicopathological features in malignant tumor patients. The detection of MDR1 expression combined with tumor markers can improve the sensitivity and specificity of predicting postoperative recurrence (especially breast...
Waqas Ahmad Shams1*, Gauhar Rehman1, Khurshaid Khan1, Ibrar Ahmad1, Saima Bibi1, Saif Ul Islam2, Dawood Safi1, Saba Gul Ayaz1
... carried out by any Zoologist in Buner District. The understanding of localities is necessary to prevent biodiversity degradation and loss in this area. So hope this study will help to prevent endangerednes of species.  
...

Gulnaz Hameed1, Abdul Saboor1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2*, Ghaffar Ali2, Dawood Jan2 and Mansoor Rasheed

...iverse comprising both registered and nonregistered members of AJKCDP. Primary data were collected through interview schedule. Foster Greer and Thorbecke measure was used to calculate incidence of poverty which is then used to model the probability expressions with the help of Logit to investigate the correlates of poverty in the research area. Poverty was found at below for registered mem...
Fermín López-Uriostegui1, Jesus T. Ponce-Palafox2*, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso1, María R. Castañeda-Chávez1, Itzel Galaviz-Villa1, Sergio Castillo-Vargasmachuca2 and Arturo Ruiz Luna3
...linity had a linear synergistic effect, with a greater effect on growth at high temperatures. M. americanum attains its best growth in freshwater and low salinities(< 11‰) in subtropical zones. 
...
Muhammad Anwarullah1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Ghulam Mustafa3, Muhammad Husnain1 and Muhammad Usman1
...and cinnamon having synergistic effect in rabbits and are economically important drugs in treatment of Johne’s disease. 
...

Shah Nawaz Khuhro1*, Irshad Ali Junejo1, Muhammad Haroon Hullio1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan2, Sultan Ahmed Maitlo3 and Mukhtiar Ahmed Shaikh

... up label direction of registered pesticide and hazardous indications and majority of farmers did not adopt pest scouting practices. Many farmers disposed pesticide containers and bottles on insecure places and not adopted proper storage, handling, protective devices and most of them did not used any other alternate practices as bio pesticides, bio-control enhancement practices to control pest problems. Research result provides the course of action to research...

Iram Fatima1*, Imran Pasha1, Ambreen Saddozai2, Shahid Nadeem3, Amer Mumtaz4 and Saqib Jabbar4 

...on of food safety legislation at this low scale patronage. 

...

Mahmood Alam Khan1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Mujahid Khan*2, Amjad Khan1 

TEMPORAL VARIATION IN GROUND WATER QUALITY DUE TO URBANIZATION. CASE STUDY: DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN

Asif Ali Khan*, Laiq Hassan*, Salim Ullah* 

OPEN MP-BASED PARALLEL AND SCALABLE GENETIC SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT
...and insistent task. Biologists align genome sequences to find
important similarities and dissimilarities in them. Multiple heuristics and dynamic programming based approaches
are available for sequence alignment. Smith-Waterman (SW), an exact algorithm for local alignment, is the most
accurate of them all. However, the space and time complexity of the SW algorithm is quadratic. It is imperative to
use parallelism and distributed com...

Waqas Anwar, Iftikhar Hussain 

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
... include overstretched logistic support, insecure operating environment, difficult terrain, dearth of previously existing infrastructure, centuries old traditional cultural underpinnings, non-availability of skilled manpower / plant and machinery, non-acceptability of allied contractors, and larger operating distances of sites from base camps.

The paper identifies dynamics and variables in order of preference using multi-variant analysis for low produc...

Waqas Anwar, Iftikhar Hussain 

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
... include overstretched logistic support, insecure operating environment, difficult terrain, dearth of previously existing infrastructure, centuries old traditional cultural underpinnings, non-availability of skilled manpower / plant and machinery, non-acceptability of allied contractors, and larger operating distances of sites from base camps.

The paper identifies dynamics and variables in order of preference using multi-variant analysis for low produc...

Ihsan Rabbi*, Sehat Ullah**, Aftab Alam**

MARKER BASED TRACKING IN AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS USING ARTOOLKIT: A CASE STUDY
... Reality applications, registration between a virtual and a real world object is necessary. The registration
is needed for tracking video camera pose (position and orientation) with respect to the real world objects. In
existing vision-based augmented reality systems, marker-based technique is widely used approach to track the video
camera pose. In this paper, we present an analysis of mar...

Waqas Anwar1*, Iftikhar Hussain1

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
... include overstretched logistic support, insecure operating environment, difficult
terrain, dearth of previously existing infrastructure, centuries old traditional cultural underpinnings, non-availability
of skilled manpower / plant and machinery, non-acceptability of allied contractors, and larger operating distances
of sites from base camps.
The paper identifies dynamics and variables in order of preference usi...
Muhammad Khalid1,2, Samrah Masud2, Zara Naeem2, Muhammad Munir Shahid3, Ammar Danyal Naeem2, Abir Ishtiaq2 and Muhammad Naeem2*
 
Length-weight and Length-length Relationships of Farmed Catla catla during Winter Season from Muzaffargarh, Pakistan
... useful for fishery biologists and fisheries management. 

...
Muhammad Shaheen
APPLICATION OF LABELLED K MEANS CLUSTERING FOR GIS CONTRACT AUTOMATION

 Muhammad Shahzad1, Arif Iqbal Umar1, Syed Hamad Shirazi1, Muhammad Tariq Pervez2*, Zakir Khan1, Waqas Yousaf1

HCDP: HEPATITIS C DATA BANK OF PAKISTAN
...ommunity. It helps virologists in drug designing and vaccine development.

...

Rafi Javed Qureshi* and Iftikhar Hussain**

INTERNATIONALIZING MANUFACTURING SMEs IN A DEVELOPING REGION: AN EXHAUSTIVE CDA-BASED EXPLORATORY APPROACH
...able method and binary logistic regression in exploring this relationship, and provides substantive space to experiment and investigate the contributory role of export-enabling factors when data size is small.
...

Zahid Hassan Tarar1, Muhammad Salik Ali Khan2*, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi3, Raza Salim4, Irfan Ahmad Saleem1, Saima Nazar5, Munir David2, Tahir Majeed6, Muhammad Sufyan Mughal7, Muhammad Saleem8, Umer Iqbal9, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal10 and Muhammad Khalid Shaheen

Kui Li1, Lijun Li1, Jialun Fu2, Yi He2, Zhaohui Song2, Shuiping Zhou2Luobu Gesang1* and Rui Liu2*
...scents (Clinical Trial Registry Number: NCT03270787).
...

Mohammad Javad Golmohammadi1, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad1*, Bijan Yaghoubi2 and Mostafa Oveisi3

GIS Applications in Surveying and Mapping of Rice Weeds in Guilan Province, Iran
Ateeq Ahmad1, Umar Hayat2, Shahid Ali2*, Hazrat Bilal3, Naveed Ali2, Khan Mir Khan4 and Khalid Khan4
Descriptive Analysis of Water Resources in Pakistan: A Perspective of Climate Change
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Xu Shiwei2, Yu Wen2, Ejaz Ashraf1, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Ameen3 and Sadia Hassan4
Farmers Behavior to Participate in Public Sector Agricultural Extension Services: Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and China
...akistan and China. The logistic regression model was used to study the influence of age, education, labor, farm area and villages on the household head’s participation in agricultural extension services/ activities organized by public sector department. For this purpose, a random sample of 160 households from four districts of Punjab province of Pakistan was selected, and another random sample of 122 households selected from the six villages of Huailai C...

Zulnorain Sajid1*, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Noreen Akhtar1

Foraging Behavior and Pollination Ecology of Bumble Bee and Honey Bee in Pakistan; A Review
...ce of income for entomologist and agriculture graduates. There are several factors (habitat loss, landscape degradation, overuse of agrochemical, exotic species and pathogens) involved in the declining of pollinators, a big loss for the economy of Pakistan. The aim of this review paper was to check the importance of honey bee and bumblebee as chief pollinator of agriculture crops. This review indicates how declining factors are alarming for the bumblebee and h...

Md. Sahidur Rahman

Origin and Spillover of Coronaviruses: Prospects of One Health Action
...dlife experts, epidemiologists, environmental scientists, and microbiologists to curb the COVID-19. One health encourages joint disease surveillance by establishing laboratory networks and regulating proper biosafety, biosecurity, and risk communication to facilitate strong disease prevention and control strategy by which we could prevent the next coronavirus outbreak in humans.

...

Ashraf Ismail Afia1 and Ahmed Soliman Mohmed El-Nuby2*

Soybean Genotypes Response to Root-Gall Nematode
...ible (HS) response was registered by the rest two genotypes, L2b3 and Holiday which were the most suitable one that recorded the highest rates of reproduction 17.26, 23.23 and used as susceptible standard. In general, growth of the tested genotypes was negative to nematode infection. Results obtained in the present study could be used for the planning of crop rotation systems as well as the identification of resistance sources for breeding purposes.

...
Gautam Patra1*, Ana Sahara2, Sonjoy Kumar Borthakur1, Parthasarathi Behera3, Subhamoy Ghosh1, Apurba Debbarma4 and Seikh Sahanawaz Alam5
...le the other sequences registered in Gen Bank showed 95% to 99% similarity. In the phylogenetic analysis all the isolates of P. relictum formed a separate clade with high bootstrap values. It can be inferred from the study that P. relictum is fairly common in wild birds and the cyt b gene is highly conserved among different isolates. It seems that cytb could provide suitable genetic markers for discrimination and genetic characteriz...
Yahui Wang1, Ling Ren1, Yishen Xing1, Xin Hu1, 2, Qian Li1, Lingyang Xu1, Junya Li1* and Lupei Zhang1*
... isolated from the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) of fetal bovine and induced adipogenesis. To optimize the in vitro IMF differentiation model, the effects of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) and rosiglitazone during differentiation were studied. Comparing with control group, progenitor cells treated with BMP4 or rosiglitazone accumulated more intracellular lipid. Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of adipocyte-specific genes also increased signific...
Syed Zakir Hussain Shah1*, Muhammad Afzal2, Mahroze Fatima3Syed Makhdoom Hussain4 and Tanveer Ahmed5
...action plots showed synergistic effect of both the supplements for crude fat and gross energy digestibility. Again, interaction data showed synergistic effect on minerals digestibility except Fe. Inclusion of both the supplements independently and in combination in the diet resulted in less nutrient contents in fish feces. In conclusion, addition of CA and PHY in the Labeo rohita diet may improve the nutrient digestib...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Atiq Ur Rahman and Anwar Saeed Khan

Assessment of Irrigation Development in the Small Dams Command Area: A Case Study of Palai Dam, District Charsadda

Muhammad Shaheen

Mining Patterns from Complex Energy Dataset: A Case Study of Pakistan’s Energy Sector

Muhammad Kashif Khan1*, Muhammad Wasim Jan Khan2, Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan3, Muhammad Ishaq Khan4, Muhammad Faheem Jan Khan5 and Abdul Salam Lodhi6

 

Impacts of Construction Risk Attributes on Organizational Performance of Registered Construction Companies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ineering Council (PEC) registered construction companies not only emphasizes on the crucial risk factors associated with construction projects but also insights into the impacts of the risk factors on the organizational performances. The relationships between risk factors in the fields of Site Conditions, Resources, Project Parties, and Project Features and organizational performances including Profitability and Cost Risk Impact are developed through regressio...

Sanaullah1*, Abdul Basit2 and Inayat Ullah3

Challenges and Prospects of Farm Mechanization in Pakistan: A Case Study of Rural Farmers in District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...peration among others. Logistic Regression indicated a highly significant (p<0.01) positive effect of key determinants including; income source (0.008), farm size (0.001), farming experience (0.004), extension visits (0.009), access to credit (0.002) and access to agricultural machines (0.006) on farm mechanization adoption. The study emphasized that government may make agricultural mechanization and farming resources available and reachable to the farmers ...
Ehsan Kashani1, Hamid Reza Rezaei2*, Morteza Naderi3 and Nematolah Khorasani4

 

...ts and conservation biologists. Central deserts and steppes of Iran host a different kind of insectivores like hedgehogs; however, their ecology and genetic properties are rarely documented. For species of hedgehogs that are included in the subfamily Erinaceinae, at least four known species are listed for Iran. Brandt’s (Paraechinus hypomelas) and Long-eared (Hemiechinus auritus) hedgehogs were two candidates in which we tried to investigat...
Chen Zeng1,2, Baosuo Liu1,4, Kecheng Zhu1,4, Liang Guo1,2, Huayang Guo1,4, Nan Zhang1,4, Quan Yang1,3, Jing Wen Yang1,4 and Dianchang Zhang1,4*
...hree nonlinear models, logistic, Gompertz and Bertalanffy, were used in the study to fit and analyse the body height, body length, full length and body weight growth curves of the fish at the age of 2-8 months. The results showed that the three nonlinear curves could fit the body height, body length, full length and body weight growth curves of the P. teira well, and the fitting degree was above 0.99. Considering various factors of the models, the Gompe...
Ammara Gull-e-Fareen1,2, Imran Bodlah1,*, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah3, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Habib Ali4 and Muhammad Asif5
Rahmat Ullah Khan, Asif Sadam and Sajid Mahmood*
...gns and enforcement of legislation are recommended to save the population of chakor.
...
Sana* and Abbas Ullah Jan
 
...tion. Multinomial Logistic analysis revealed that a child’s age, gender (male) and school distance (more than walking distance) were found positively associated with a child’s involvement in agriculture. Household characteristics, such as head’s education, monthly income and ownership of agricultural land were important negatively affecting the determinants of child involvement in agriculture.The study recommended forceful control of chi...

Dilara Devranoglu, Ilksen Tavaci, Gonul Filoglu and Ozlem Bulbul*

...ormed. The multinomial logistic regression model statistics is applied for eye color prediction. We observed allele and locus drop-outs on both bloodstains stored for five years and UVC exposed samples. The brown and blue eye colors were correctly predicted for reference and degraded samples. The intermediate eye colors were predicted to be brown or inconclusive. The degradation by aging bloodstains or UVC exposure, is differently affected the prediction accur...

Muhammad Yaseen1, Xu Shiwei2, Yu Wen2, Muhammad Luqman1*, Raheel Saqib3, Muhammad Ameen4, Sadia Hassan5 and Tahir Munir Butt6

...software program and a logistic regression model was applied using the computer-based statistical program “STATA”. The findings indicate that media (electronic media and print media) was the key information source for the farmers and 40.16% of farmers accessed media particularly for agricultural information whereas 34.43% used agricultural extension field staff (government) to acquire agricultural information. The government of China should start s...
Chen Tongde1, Fakher Abbas1, Jiao Juying1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2*, An Shoshan1, Muhammad Ansar3, Qaiser Hussain2, Mah-Noor Azad2 andAyaz Ahmad2
Ryan Septa Kurnia1* and Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto2
 

... is may enable microbiologists to create infection models that combine respiratory tissue culture engineering with the virus-relevant complexity of in vivo models. Mechanism of infection disease have shown that the normal microbiota in host health has remarkably improved our understanding of the interactions between microbiota and invading pathogens. Commensal bacteria as microbiome can potentially influence mechanism of disease either hindering or prom...
Chaogang Yao, Daxin Pang, Chao Lu, Aishi Xu, Peixuan Huang, Hongsheng Ouyang* and Hao Yu*
...the IMF contentin the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of pigs. The expression profile of candidate genes involved in the PPAR and fatty acid metabolism signaling pathways were detected in the LD muscle of two pig breeds with different IMF contents (Large White and Min) by a quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) array. Our results showed that three lipid metabolism-related biological processes lipogenesis, fatty acid tra...
Saira Batool1, Safdar Ali Shirazi1 and Syed Amer Mahmood2*
 
 

Md. Ariful Islam, Md. Badol Ashraf and Md. Mahmudul Alam*

...were recorded from the register book of each veterinary hospital. A total of 2165 calves were recorded as general patients in those Upazila Veterinary Hospitals. Surgical affections were arranged based on sex, breed, and seasons. Similar distribution pattern was observed in all three Upazila. Most common surgical affections in calves were atresia ani, 30.82%, 32.64% and 31.75% followed by umbilical hernia 19.45%, 17.78% and 17.62%, navel ill 15.75%, 15.79% and...

Aioub Sofizadeh1, Ehsan Allah Kalteh2, Shahin Saeedi3, Mulood Mohammadi Bavani4*

Muhammad Afnan Rabbi, Iqtidar Hussain*, Ejaz Ahmed, Muhammad Saad and Aitezaz Ali Asad Shahani
...n, KP., Pakistan. Data registered on agronomic parameters i.e. plant height (cm), spike weight (g), spike length (cm), number of tillers, weight of 1000 grains (g), number of grains spike-1, biological yield (kg ha-1), yield of grain (kg ha-1), yield of straw (kg ha-1), productivity score and harvest index were significant in different doses of N and P2O5 with different levels of NAA. Maximum grain yield and yield contributing parameters were acquired from fer...
Suman Bhattarai1*, Subodh Raj Pandey2, Jaya Prakash Dutta3, Meghnath Timalsena4 and Rajendra Bam5
...s mellifera beekeepers registered in bee zone, Chitwan. They were selected for interview by simple random sampling technique. Interview using semi-structured questionnaire schedule was carried out for primary data. Cobb Douglas production function, multiple regression, and paired t-test were used for the analysis of collected data. Multiple regression model revealed that family labor (p=0.68), age(p=0.007), family size (p=0.001), experience (p=0.007), harvesti...

Mohammad Tariq Aziz* and Ayesha Khan

...s of 10% of total 1120 registered farmers was drawn to collect primary data through pre-tested and well-structured interview schedule. Collected data was analysized using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results show that 42% of the respondents were above 35 years of age, majority (80%) were literate having education from primary to above matric, 45.5% had farming experience of 1-10 years while 67% have knowledge about agriculture extension depa...

Summara Abbasi* and Khalid Nawab

... statistics and binary logistic model was used through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and STATA. Information about dairy practices was studied and percentages recorded, about 70% of the farmers were aware of artificial insemination and vaccination while at least 51% was reported about livestock management. Improved feeding was very active as 70% of farmers were well informed followed by breed status recorded by 70% of the farmers. Demograph...

Muhammad Qaddafi Khan Wali, Arif Alam* and Ikram Shah

... of coefficient binary logistic regression, it is concluded that Gender, Occupation, Landholding, Income, Low income, High population, remoteness, Low landholding, and firing online of control affected food security in the mountain areas. The significant but negative association of low income, low land holding, high population, remoteness, and firing online of control could lead to food insecurity. Also, there was a positive and significant association between...

Ayaz Ahmed* and Muhammad Zulfiqar

...lihood by using binary logistic regression. Odds ratio analysis of the social and natural assets data showed that the Joint Forest Management approach had significantly increased the social and natural assets of the participants. In terms of financial asset, odds ratio in favor of ‘NTFPs income’ and ‘employment opportunities’ for JFM sample households were 2.289, 2.501 times respectively more than non-JFM sample households. Trainings im...

Mohammed Bashar Danlami1*, Basiru Aliyu1, Abbas Bazata Yusuf1, Bashar Gulumbe Haruna1 and Asmau Nono Mahe1

...nal Papanicolaou smear registry data of women who underwent a cytological examination at the cytology unit of the FMC Birnin Kebbi spanning a period of 10 years (2009-2019). The study used a hospital-based archive that covers the entire Kebbi State without any well-defined population to collects data on all Pap smear cases presenting to the hospital for possible diagnosis of cervical cancer. Descriptive and summary statistics and cross-tabulation were used to ...

1Mona A. El-Manzalawy, 2Abeer A. Boseila , 3Hanan M. El Zahed

...ement. In addition, synergistic action was discovered in RVF inactivated PMO vaccine including Alum gel as the immune response detected by serum neutralization test (SNT). This vaccinated group of sheep was the highest while the group of sheep vaccinated with RVF vaccine adjuvanted with Alum gel only show the least antibody titer. The group of sheep, which was vaccinated with RVF, inactivated PMO without gel vaccine show intermediate level of antibodies. Moreo...

K.A. El-Dougdoug1, A.R. Sofy2, A.A. Mousa2 and E.E. Refaey2

...VY
strains registered in GenBank. A phylogenetic tree of Ryadg gene based on nucleotide sequence
revealed 93% a moderate degree of similarity to Potato gene Y-1 isolated from Solanum
tuberosum subsp. andigenum
...

Salama M. El-Saghir1, 2

...
(40%), through synergistic interactions, can occur upon its mixed infection with PVX or PVM.
Therefore, PVS indexing in potato should be put into action along with other potato viruses in Egypt.
...
Junyan Bai1*, Zhihao Dong1, Rentaodi Wu2, Lema Dao2, Di Bao2, Qiang Zhang2, Xinghua Tian3 and Hui Cao1
...adratic, Cubic, S, and logistic) of body weight and body size traits of Alashan Bactrian camel. The results showed that the S growth model of body height, body length, chest circumference and tube circumference had the best fitting effect, and the fitting degree was 0.937, 0.982, 0.972 and 0.914, respectively. The S growth models of body height, body length, chest circumference and tube circumference were Y=e(5.219-0.520/X), Y=e(5.140-0.601/X)<...

Gulnaz Ismaylova

...mily have not yet been registered in Azerbaijan. Besides of mulberry, the pest was registered in 11 more plant species. The article provides information on the distribution, phenology and plants affected by the pest. Both nymphs and adults of O.japonica cause serious damage to plants. When the females lay their eggs, it files the sprouts by the ovipositor and let them dry. Wintering is carried out in the egg phase. Nymphs be...
Pengfei Liu*, Xuexue Qin and Fei Shang
...ed the evolutionary biologists for a long time. In order to avoid direct competition, closely related bird species that breed alongside each other are expected to use different habitats characteristics for nesting. We looked for possible differences in breeding ecology of two bird species, the plain laughingthrush Garrulax davidi concolor and Elliot,s laughingthrush Trochalopteron elliotii in lianhuashan, try to figure out the mechanis...

Khalid Mehmood1*, Abdul Rehman2 and Ammara Khan1

...ccess to quality seed, registration status, awareness, and active participation in farmers training programs. Farmers’ conventional behavior, lack of awareness, lack of access to quality seed, and lack of promotion of improved crop varieties were found as the major challenges in adoption of improved groundnut varieties in Pakistan. It is suggested that concrete measures should be taken for availability of the reliable seed of improved crop varieties to t...
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
...However, landfill site registered the most number of birds (>9000). Among twenty species recorded at the landfill, four species viz., house crow, common myna, grey-throated martin and bank myna, recorded >95% of the total population of birds. Species evenness was the highest for lake site (E= 0.938) indicating the most balanced type of ecosystem. Sparrows were found only in urban areas. Two opportunist species (house crow and common myna) were fou...

Jong Ho Ahn1, Jang Hoon Choi1,2 and In Sik Nam1,3,*

...% (p < 0.001). The longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA, 94.20 vs. 96.73 cm2) and back fat thickness (BFT 17.33 vs. 16.93 mm) were not significantly affected during fattening period among different treatments. Marbling score, which substantially affects meat quality, the GCFT and GTFT groups in the fattening period presented higher than the GTFC and GCFC groups. The incidence of C grade of meat yield was 33.3% with GCFC and GTFC) and 40.0% with GCFT and GTFT)...
Naveed Farah1*, Izhar Ahmad Khan1, Asif Ali Abro2, Jehanzeb Masood Cheema3 and Muhammad Luqman4*

Huda Bilal1, Hasnain Raza2*, Kaynat Ahmed2, Iqra Tariq2, Qurat-ul-Ain2, Sana Sarfaraz1, Sanaullah1, Maryam Maqsood3 and Ali Raza3

...species levels in a synergistic way. Land and aquatic biodiversity greatly influenced, some species are exhibiting different responses to these changing climatic factors like behavioral, morphological, phenological, reproductive, and genetic changes. After all these responses there are many species that are endangered and extinct. This review illustrates that climate change is a severe environmental concern that is affecting land (plants, soil, microbes, anima...
Xueli Jiang1,2, Jie Gao3, Muhammad Zahid Sharif1,2, Xuewen Zhang4 and Fanglin Liu1,*

Muhammad Usman Hanif, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Irfan Ullah

...dy demonstrates the synergistic action of the binary combinations of biorational synthetic insecticide (spinosad) and botanical extract (Azadirachta indica) which can be effectively used against the infestations of hadda beetle Epilachna vigintioctopunctata and other foliage beetles.
...

Imran Ali Chandio1, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1*, Qamaruddin Jogi1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2 and Siraj Ahmed Channa3

...d oil content (%) were registered in the interaction of N10 = 125 kg N ha­­­­­-1: three splits (⅓ broadcast at sowing time + fertigation- ⅓ at 1st and ⅓ at 3rd irrigation) × HO-1. It was concluded from the results that nitrogen dose should be divided into three splits and applied at sowing time through broadcasting and fertigated at 1st and 2nd irrigation, respectively. Variety HO-1 should be preferred to obtain enhanced sunflow...

Chukwudi Njoku1*, Inyang Etim-Inyang2, Prince-Charles Itu1 and Arinze Uzoezie1

Jing Fu

...two gynecological pathologists. The expression levels of SATB2 and CK20 in different groups were detected by immunohistochemical staining. SATB2 in mucinous ovarian tumors had a diagnostic sensitivity of 82%, a specificity of 78%, and an overall accuracy rate of 82%. CK20 in mucinous ovarian tumors had a diagnostic sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 59%, and an overall accuracy rate of 85%. SATB2/CK20 in mucinous ovarian tumors has a diagnostic sensitivity o...

Muhammad Mohsin1, Zhang Luyao2*, Zhu Ting3, Yin Hengbin3 and Qian Chong3

...two SPMs, viz., FM and Logistic Model (LM). For principle IP 0.9, CEDA calculated MSY in a range between 13500 t and 30500 t whereas the estimates of ASPIC remained between 71500 t and 85000 t. Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) estimates are considerably lower than recent catch statistics which evidently indicates overexploitation. It is suggested that the target catch of this fishery resource should be between 14000 t and 20000 t. Moreover, it is highly recomme...
 Mian Abdul Hafeez1*, Adeel Sattar2, Faiza Aslam3, Muhammad Imran3, Kamran Ashraf1, Rashid Zia2 and M. Muntazir Mehdi1
...peutic as well as a synergistic effect of Ibuprofen with clopidol in chicken coccidiosis.

...

Ramy S. Yehia1,3, Essam A. Shaalan2* and Hashem M. Al-Sheikh1 

...tial oils exhibited synergistic effect but fungi mixture produced antagonistic effect. The development of M. domestica larvae was affected by sublethal dose from fungi. In conclusion, M. anisopliae is more efficient than B. bassiana and could be easily mixed with essential oils to either enhance larvicidal activity or utilize in integrated pest management. Furthermore, research on field evaluation and deleterious effects of environmental conditions on fungi ca...

Evrim Sönmez

...eauveria bassiana (Nostalgist BL®) on the mortality rates of A. obtectus adults, the number of eggs they lay and the number and percentages of adults emerging from bean seeds were evaluated with dipping and spraying method. It was found that as the concentration of B. bassiana, which was applied at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% increased, the mortality rates on the adults of the pest increased and the number of eggs they laid and the number of adul...

Adriana Cervantes-Noriega1, Norma A. López2, Alfredo Estrada-Angulo2, Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez2, Elizama Ponce-Barraza2, Gilberto López-Valencia1, Alberto Barreras1, Alejandro Plascencia3* 

...cass weight (HCW) and longissimus muscle area (LM) were increased by FILT. Lambs drank FILT shown lower relative weight of stomach complex and tended (P=0.06) to have lower relative intestinal weight. It is concluded that reduction of TDS and the bacterial load in water qualified as “clean and safe” decreases frequency and days of diarrhea during diet period adaptation, promoting better diet energy utilization, improving weight gain, and HCW and LM...

Santosh Kumar1*, Riffat Sultana2* and Martin Husemann3

...d list of Orthopterans registered from Cholistan desert for the first time. 

...

Laiba Shafique1*, Mahroze Fatima2, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3, Muhammad Afzal4, Huma Naz5, Saif ur Rehman1 and Qingyou Liu1*

...(interactions) were synergistically bone mineralization of phosphorus, sodium, copper and also showed positive result for the activity of amylase, protease and lipase. Finally, formic acid and vitamin D3improves bone mineralization and digestive enzymes activity in the C. idella.

...

Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Kamran Ashraf2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar4 and Nazia Rubab5

... the stakeholders i.e. legislative, administration, policymaker, corporate sector, professionals for animal welfare and human health, and environmental safety. A survey was conducted through questionnaire distribution among 1000 literate persons who could easily read English i.e. physicians, veterinarians, lawyers, livestock farmers, managers and other literate stakeholders. This survey comprised of a variety of questions related to one-health, use of antibiot...

Rasha Ali Taha Hamza1, Atef Saad Osheba1, Hassan Mohamed Sobhy2, Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal2* 

..., where the highest synergistic antibacterial activity were recorded with the combination of Galangal and sumac extracts (250ppm Galangal +250ppm Sumac), which ranged from 1.75×104 and 5. 75×104 at zero time of storage to 3.75×104 and 7.65×104 at the fourth month of storage. Antibacterial activity of different galangal and sumac extracts against staphylococcus, coliform group, psychrophilic bacteria, mold and yeast were demonstrated whe...
Syarif Husen1*, Devi Dwi Siskawardani2, Setiawan Deny Rexmardi1, Erny Ishartati1, Muhidin Muhidin1, Jumpen Onthong3 and Ivar Zekker4
...tionintubersorseedscuttingisrequisite.Thisresearchinvestigatestheeffectof growingmediacompositiononthepropagationofstemcuttingpotato(G0)plantedinthe screenhouse.ConductedinSumberBrantasVillage(1700ma.s.l.),BumiajiRegency,City ofBatu,EastJava,Indonesia,thisresearchutilizedRandomizedCompleteBlockDesign withsevengrowingmediacompositionsandfourreplicatesinamicro-cuttingplanting.The growingmixmediacompositioncontainedhuskcharcoal+cocopeat+bokashi(goat manure) + bok...

Zahra Hussain, Zulfiqar Ali* and Rida Ahmad

...llected from treatment register, stud books and post-mortem reports. Most prevalent health issues in animals were infectious diseases 26%, followed by generalized conditions 23%, gastrointestinal issues 17%, and cardiovascular issues 7%. In animals, out of total 102 different diseases and pathological conditions, the maximum variation was noted in mouflon sheep (Ovis orientalis orientalis), hog deer (Axis porcinus) and spotted deer (Axis axis). In birds, 37% i...

Iqtidar Hussain1, Haroon Shahzad2*, Sami Ullah2*, Muhammad Jawad Nazir1 and Muhammad Rizwan3

...scellaneous weeds were registered before and after weed management. Results indicated that chemical control significantly best over control (No Treatment) after hand weeding. Agronomic parameters i.e., germination percentage (%), 50% tasselling, 50% silking, ear height (cm), stem diameter (cm), leaf area (m2), Biological yield (t ha-1), and grain yield (t ha-1), significantly affected by different weed management practices in three maize varieties. Maize varie...

Oluwaseun Adetarami1*, Oluwatoyin Olagunju2, Babatunde Adebayo Oyebamiji1, Adegboyega Abel Odeyemi3 and Sina Basil Johnson4

...f 1.09. The results of logistic regression revealed that the age of cocoa farmer, level of education, extension contact, farm size and cocoa annual income are major determinants influencing the utilization of FBS approach. The study concluded that the utilization of FBS approach by smallholder cocoa farmers contributes substantially to the profitability of cocoa business. It is, therefore, recommended that effective general extension services should be extende...

Mohamed E. El-Speiy1, Tarek A. Sadak1, Mohamed A. Abd-Elaal1, Ayman M. Khalifah2, Amr S. Morsy2*

..., Medicinal plants, Synergistic effect
...

Sameena Gul1, Sayyeda Hira Hassan1, Amara Maryam1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Muhammad Khan*1, Muhammad Irfan2, Farah Rauf Shakoori1 and Javed Iqbal Qazi1

...type of cancers has synergistic effect in combination treatment with other common clinical drugs (cisplatin, taxol, doxorubicin and vinblastine) by modulating chemotherapy response to cancer cells as compared to clinical drugs alone. This review enlightens the possible mechanisms by which EGCG overcome chemo-resistance and recover efficacy of many clinical drugs in various human cancers.

...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Chairul Rahman Arif, Dian Kurniawati, Akhmad Dakhlan 

Ayesha Khan*, Mohammad Tariq Aziz, Urooba Pervaiz and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...d on 10% of total 1120 registered farmers. A pre-tested and well-developed interview schedule was used to collect primary data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Results indicated that 42% respondents had age above 35 years, literate respondents were 80%, 45.5% had farming experience of 1-10 years, half of the respondents (50.1%) were owners, 40.2% had land size of 5.1-10 acres and the majority (78.6%) is indulged in ...

Amira Adel Taha AL-Hosary1, Walaa Mostafa2* 

...ent protocol with a synergistic effect (100% recovery rate), followed by Frontline® (95%), BARS® ampules (75%), and finally, BARS® ear drops (66.67%).

Keywords | Cat, Otoacariasis, BARS®, Frontline®, Age, Season 

...
Faiza Ghazanfar1, Masood Rabbani1*, Aamir Ghafoor2 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3
...The results suggest synergistic actions of a mixture of organic acids are effective for decreasing Campylobacter jejuni colonization in vivo. Moreover, our study also suggests that there is no direct impact of organic acids on weight gain and FCR of the birds statistically.

...

Zhang Yan1,2 and Muhammad Mohsin3*

...or Fox Model (F-M) and Logistic Model (L-M) remained at 0.113, 0.982 and 0.055, 0.895, respectively. Meanwhile, in CEDA, MSY outputs remained 72,082 t and 80,723 t (on average) for F-M and Schaefer Model (S-M) or Pella-Tomlinson Model (PT-M), correspondingly. Besides, it was found that fishing mortality (F) has increased from 0.510 (2007) to 1.099 (2018) whereas biomass t has decreased from 320,100 t (2007) to 68,890 t (2018), F-M in ASPIC. Estimated parameter...

Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Eduard Kostetsky1, Anton Degtyarenko2, Michail Shchelkanov1,2,3 

...tice of veterinary oncologists. Complementing these laboratory tests with methods for assessing the expression of interferon (IFN) genes can expand the possibilities of diagnosing animal cancers and improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant neoplasms, in particular of the mammary gland (MG). Methods. Surgical material obtained after unilateral mastectomy with simultaneous hysterovariectomy, as well as peripheral blood samples of ca...

Farah Rasheed1*, Ana Aslam1, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Raheela Naz1, Hina Nazir3, Sadia Sultana1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Ifra Saleem1, Qudsia Nazir1, Muhammad Arfan-ul-Haq1, Abid Niaz4, Muhammad Arif1, Aamer Sattar1, Sarfraz Hussain5 and Adnan Rafique6

...ignificantly due to synergistic effect of P and Zn fertilizers applied at different growth stages. The phytic acid contents in rice grains remained within safe limit in all treatments but lower grain phytic acid have been observed where only recommended dose of NPK fertilizers were used.

...
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh1, Syed Haseeb Shah1, Niamatullah Kakar2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Muhammad Essa Kakar3 and Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1
... showed significant synergistic effect of TP and OXY on the Hb, RBC and liver enzymes such as ALT and AST that ultimately lead to promote the growth and can be used safely at sub-therapeutic levels in food and/or water of broiler chicken. The result further determined that the longer use (6 weeks) of AGPs had no harmful effect on blood, liver and kidney in broiler chicken and can be used after withdrawal period.

...

Lei Xu1, Qin Yang2 and XiaoYan Zhang3,*

...< 0.05). Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that AACS, eGFR, FGF-23, iPTH, serum phosphorus and 25(OH)D were the independent risk factors of sclerosin (P < 0.05). PD patients present with the significant elevation in the level of sclerosin in serum, which is clearly associated with the levels of AACS, eGFR, FGF-23, iPTH and serum levels of phosphorus and 25(OH)D.

...

Muhammad Rabiul Hasan1, Zannatul Mawa1, Muhammad Ashekur Rahman1, Selina Yeasmin2, Yahia Mahmud2 and Muhammad Yeamin Hossain1*

...ries researcher and biologist to conserve and sustainable management of these species.

...

Sajjad Ali1*, Atta ur Rahman1 and Sher Ali2

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi

...holder farmers under unregistered informal sector in vegetable farming has culminated in severe environmental pollution, increase in unacceptable percentage of residue in vegetables and resistance of nematodes to the currently used nematicides. This has prompted the evaluation of medicinal plants as probable sources of nematicides. A study was conducted in the screenhouse to evaluate the nematicidal potential of Tridax procumbens and Sida acuta (weeds) on root...

Zayed M.A1, M.F. Shehata1, I.M. Ismail1, Mona Mohammady1, M.A. Radwan2*  

...roups. The ultrasound Longissimus dorsi muscle area (ULDMA) and ultrasound fat thickness have a positive significant (p <0.05) correlation with carcass back fat and carcass Longissimus dorsi muscle area. The hot carcass weight could be predicted using the ULDMA and slaughter body weight, where the model R2 reached 95%. Our results confirmed that the weaning weight has an influence on the post-weaning growth traits, carcas...

Muhammad Usman1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nasir Mehmood2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3

...riate and multivariate logistic regression. From each dog, blood and tick samples were collected and then tick species were identified. DNA extraction was followed by detection of 16S rRNA signature gene using B. burgdorferi s.l. specific primers through conventional PCR. We found that 4.3% dogs and 8.9% tick pools were positive for B. burgdorferi s.l. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (86.5%) was the most abundant tick species. 57.1% I. gibbosus and 8.4% R. sanguineus...

Sehrish Akram1, Abida Butt1* and Shakil Ahmad Khan2

... of IMF + Pb showed synergism against all instars of silkworm. While, binary mixture of IMT + Pb displayed synergism, additive, and antagonism and antagonism activity in silkworm larvae in silkworm larvae. The results of our study provide useful data for the assessment of ecological risk of the tested compounds (single or mixture) against different silkworm instars.

...

Jeki Mediantari Wahyu Wibawanti1,3, Sri Mulyani2*, Rudy Hartanto1, Ahmad Ni’matullah Al-Baarri2, Yoyok Budi Pramono2, Anang Mohamad Legowo2 

...t. By combining the synergistic effects of prebiotics and probiotics, synbiotic yogurts have the potential to be functional foods. This study was carried out to investigate the influence of synbiotics from the inulin of mangrove apple and Lactobacillus plantarum in the characteristics of goat milk. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications, with differences in the addition of synbiotics inulin from extracte...

Cheng Zhao1,2, Qin Shi1*, Gen Yang3, Youyuan Tan2, Songwen Tan2, Jiahong Li2 and Marwan M.A. Rashed2

...ts. The results of the logistic regression models showed that herb cover and elevation were the key factors. It was indicated that diet, safety and temperature were the main factors affecting the habitat use of Sichuan sika deer in winter.

...
Yasir Hameed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahzaib, Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Khalid Abbas and Muhammad Zakria
...was calculated using a logistic regression model, where handling time (Th) and attack rate (a) that calculated by using Roger random predator equation. The results revealed that all the predatory stages show a type II functional response and consumption rate increased with the increase in prey density for the first, second and third larval instar of C. carnea on both L. erysimi and D. noxia. It is concluded that as the handling time increases the attack rate d...
Yasir Hameed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahzaib, Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Khalid Abbas and Muhammad Zakria
...was calculated using a logistic regression model, where handling time (Th) and attack rate (a) that calculated by using Roger random predator equation. The results revealed that all the predatory stages show a type II functional response and consumption rate increased with the increase in prey density for the first, second and third larval instar of C. carnea on both L. erysimi and D. noxia. It is concluded that as the handling time increases the attack rate d...
Yasir Hameed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahzaib, Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Khalid Abbas and Muhammad Zakria
...was calculated using a logistic regression model, where handling time (Th) and attack rate (a) that calculated by using Roger random predator equation. The results revealed that all the predatory stages show a type II functional response and consumption rate increased with the increase in prey density for the first, second and third larval instar of C. carnea on both L. erysimi and D. noxia. It is concluded that as the handling time increases the attack rate d...

Aqsa Batool1, Masood Rabbani1*, Farhat Nazir Awan2, Sohail Raza1, Sehrish Firyal3 and Shahan Azeem1

...ctors for the disease. Logistic regression demonstrated that herd size (>thirty), parity (>2) and abortion history are potential risk factors associated with seroconversion of BoHV-1.

...

Mushtaq Hussain Soomro1, Jan Muhammad Mari1, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal2* and Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar2

...018 to evaluate the synergistic effect of various food baits on the performance of Ferrolure+ against RPW. Three locally available food baits i.e., date palm, sugarcane, and banana along with Ferrolure+ (positive control) and detergent water (negative control) were evaluated against RPW. Three hundred grams of each food bait along with Ferrolure + was used in the traps as weekly observations were taken on the RPW attracted in traps. Food and water were changed...

Muhammad Azam1*, Shaista Naz1*, Malik Muhammad Shafi2, Muhammad Jamil Afridi3 and Ahmad Waheed4

...ive statistics, binary logistic regression, frequencies, and percentages were the main-statistical techniques for data analysis. It has been found that majority of the farm households (65%) were food secure, still the issue of food insecurity prevailed among the 35% of the farm households. The positive determinants included family type, monthly income, and small ruminants, while tenancy and household size were found as the negative determinants of food securit...

S. Feroza1, A. G. Arijo1†, F. M. Bilqees2 and M. S. Phulan1

...rge vein with portal sluggish consisted of fibrinous material and inflammatory cells, disarrangement of hepatici and shrinkage of hepatocytes were found to have resulted into dilation of sinusoids.

...
K. Nasira, S. Shamim and F. Shahina†
... Belbolla
longispiculata Nasira, Shahina & Shamim, 2014 and Metoncholaimus siddiqii Shahina, Nasira & Shamim, 2015
while six species were reported as new records of Pakistan. These nematode species belong to 36 genera, 27 families
and seven orders. Frequency of occurrence and distribution of nematode species varied from site to site. The overall
occurrence (%) of fresh water nematode samples ranged from 3...

H. Ravindra†, M. Sehgal*, A.S. Pawan, B.S. Archana, S.A. Shruti and H.B. Narasimhamurty

...ia
compost registered high root-knot index and decreased growth parameters and yield among the other integrated
treatments. Further, poultry manure and carbofuran were on par with all the parameters studied.
...

Tariq Mahmood1*, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Sami Ullah1, Bilal Ahmad3, Zarmina Aslam4, Naveed Ahmad Khan5, Muhammad Shahzaib Tariq6, Muhammad Ali Raza6, Rana Usama Iqbal7 and Samia Zain8

... as to quantify the synergistic impacts of the probable causes of present colony loss, further research is required.

...

Khasan Khamidovich Shakhbiev1*, Saidkhamzat Saidmagomedovich Abumuslimov1, Larisa. Vakhaevna Taramova1, Islam Khasanovich Shakhbiev1, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova2 

...sis, of but also of synergism in the interaction 

...

Muhammad Shahid1*, Muhammad Idrees1, Afza Rasul2, Iram Amin1 and Samia Afzal1

...omarkers of infection. Logistic regression analysis revealed that liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, γGT, albumin), blood cell count (globulin, platelets, MCHC RBC, WBC, monocytes% and lymphocytes%), lipid profile (HDL, LDL, VLDL, TC) were significant predictive factors in HCV infection. Similarly, ROC analysis suggested that ALT, AST, ALP, MCHC, TC, and VLDL variables have the potential to discriminate HCV infection from healthy individuals. Biochemical mark...
 
 SADAF SARFRAZ1*, SAFDAR AMEER1, REENA AMBREEN1, SHOMAILA SIKANDAR 2, SHAISTA NAWAZ3 AND YASIR SALEEM
...l in establishing a synergistic relation to the extent of oil content and its combating properties to the microorganisms in various species of cinnamon. 
 
...
 
 ASMAT MEHMOOD, ZAEEMA KHAN AND NAILA MALKANI* 
...ntry's numerous cancer registries and cancer treatment facilities. Age and gender factors were analyzed in the data. For the given time, prevalence, incidence, and rate of age-standardized illness were determined. Data analysis indicated that oral cancer prevalence in Pakistan is increasing year after year, with the growth being particularly pronounced in the country's male population. From 2010 to 2016, the overall prevalence was 0.1 percent. The most common ...

Hanaa M. Abdelkhalek1, Hanan E. Nagib1, Randa S. Elias1, Saad S. Mansour1, Walid S. Mousa2*

...biogram pattern and synergistic effect of amikacin and norfloxacin against resistant P. aeruginosa isolates from mastitis origin. In addition, detection of some virulence and antibiotics resistance genes. Two hundred buffaloes were examined and sixty mastitis milk samples were collected from clinical cases from the period from October 2021 until March 2022. The acute mastitis sings were assessed according to cardinal signs of inflammation and milk abnormalitie...

Siti Azizah1*, Salsa I Latifah1, Irfan H Djunaidi1, Anif M Wati1, Achadiah Rachmawati1, Siti Hamidah2 

...ch is limited to women registered as residents of Karangtekok and involved in the management or raising activities of beef cattle with the adegen scheme. Karangtekok Hamlet, Situbondo, Indonesia, was deliberately chosen as the research site, considering the sociocultural characteristics representing a household-scale farming community. Karangtekok, which occupies the buffer area of ​​Baluran National Park, carried out cattle farming traditionally...

Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Asif1, Amjed Ali1, Ahsan Aziz1, Naeem Akhtar2, Muhammad Shahid Gulrez1 and Waqas Raza3*

... weight (4.25 g). A synergistic relationship might exist between these two nutrients as their combined application showed greater effect in enhancing growth and yield of canola over sole application. Further, both nutrients enhanced the uptake of each other. We concluded that the application of 10 kg ha-1 zinc combined with 2 kg ha-1 boron can maximize the canola yield, net benefit (Rs. 706765) and benefit cost ratio (3.47), and therefore recommend this a feas...

Abubakar Sadiq Muhammad1,2, Latiffah Hassan1, Saleha Abdul Aziz1, Zunita Zakaria1, Hassan Ismail Musa1, 2*, Maswati Mat Amin3 

... Malaysia. Multinomial logistic regression analysis found a significant association between soil water content and ST (sequence type) 84 (OR = 0.833, 95% CI: 0.708 to 0.980; p=0.027) when compared to ST51. This showed a unit increase in soil water contents was associated with a 1.2 times increase in the odds of recovering ST51 compared with the odds of recovering ST84. Also, a statistically significant protective association was recorded between water pH and S...

A. S. Gamal El din1; Sohair I. El-Afifi2; A. S. Sadik2; Nashwa M. A. Abd El Mohsen1; and H. M. Abdelmaksoud1

...indicated a kind of synergistic effect between the two viruses which controlled by role of PVYN CP and HC-Pro. The ratio of transmission increased by exceeding the acquisition feeding period. The virus isolate showed positive reaction only with polyclonal antibodies specific to Potato aucuba mosaic virus (PAMV). Electron microscopy showed spindle-shaped like inclusions as aggregated virus particles slightly flexuous in longitudinal and cross sections of PAMV i...
Mansoor Ayoob1, Atta Hussain Shah1, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani2, Muhammad Faisal Ayoob2,3*, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1,5 and Abdul Sattar Baloch4
...tion on beef meat (M. longissimus dorsi). The samples were analyzed for moisture, fat, protein, glycogen, peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, total viable count and total coliform count after marination with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 100% concentrations of honey and after 1, 4, 8 and 12 days of storage (4 ̊C). The moisture, fat and protein contents were moderately decreased on the 4, 8 and 12th days of storage in all the groups. The glycogen content showed a significant (...

Seyi Olalekan Olawuyi1*, Adedotun Oluwagbenga Anjorin2, Oluwagbenga Titus Alao3, Tosin Dolapo Olawuyi3, Rachael Ajibola Ayinla3 and Rasheed Ayodele Ayinla3

...curity status. Ordinal logistic regression model was applied to estimate the effect of adoption of bio-security practices and other dynamics on the farmers’ levels of food security status. Findings revealed that crop farmers were aware of bio-security threats, but with low adoption of bio-security threats management practices. One-third of the farmers were also vulnerable to transitory and chronic food insecurity status. The odds ratio estimates of the o...

Md. Saiful Islam Siddiqui1*, Sharmin Akter2 and Mohd. Riajul Islam2 

...nt, did not follow the registered veterinarian suggestions and attained any training. They are totally unaware about antibiotics resistance and its impact on public health. No monitoring or surveillance concerning ABR and haphazard and misuse of antibiotics from any government and non-government organization were observed during the study period. It is concluded that, misuse and haphazard use of antibiotics is the normal feature at broiler farms in the study a...

Tasew Getu1*, Wassu Mohammed2, Awol Seid3, Tesfamariam Mekete4 and Bekele Kassa

...mended with VC. Belete registered the lowest mean values of galls (6.6) and eggmasses (7.0) per root system and tuber, and RS final colonies (2.6 × 105) with same treatment. The presence of VC greatly increased tuber yield, and Guassa and Bubu produced the highest marketable tuber yield of 47 and 48 t/ha, respectively under this treatment. All cultivars that were grown with drip irrigation amended with VC fell into the resistant category towards MI and R...
Umara Amir ud Din1, Waqas Ahmed Khan1*, Khurrum Shahzad1,2, Basharat Ali3, Misbah Hussain1,4 and Fazli Rabbi Awan4
...n;41 mg/dL). Moreover, logistic regression analysis also indicated that ACE ID genotype carriers had a 2.5-fold higher risk of DN as compared to the II genotype carriers. Hence the present study shows a strong association (OR 2.53, CI: 1.65-3.88, p<0.001) between ACE (I/D) polymorphism and DN in Pakistani subjects.Genetic polymorphism of ACE (I/D) is associated with diabetic nephropathy in Pakistani subjects. ACE ID genotype might also be considered as an i...

Ahmad Noor and Malik Muhammad Shafi*

...eather reports. Binary Logistic model was used for analysis. The study discovered lack of surface water resources and ground water extraction satisfied the community needs and rainfall was only recharge method. Boreholes pumping technique was used mostly for irrigation. The Logit model investigated the impact of climate change was responsible for 73 percent variation in groundwater level. These climate factors included precipitation (Rainfall), temperature, hu...

Komal Javed1, Sohaib Muhammad1*, Zarghaam Khan1, Sehar Fatima1, Hassan Nawaz1, Mahrukh1, Tahira Khalid1 and Shariat Ullah2

...2.14 while Persicaria longiseta of Family Polygonaceae had the lowest IVI value of 1.13. Poaceae was the largest family representing 11 species, Asteracea occupies the second position with 9 species followed by Fabaceae with 5, Brassicaceae and Solanacea having 4 species each, Polygonaceae with 3 species, Chenopodiacea and Cyperaceae with 2 species each, Aizoaceae, Commenlinaceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Marsiliaceae, Papaveraceae,...

Yoshio Hamano1*, Yasuji Kurimoto2 

...ns concomitantly or synergistically to improve meat quality. The present study was conducted to determine the single or combined effects of LIP and AWP on growth performance and free amino and fatty acid profiles in chicken muscle obtained under different feeding states. At 14 days of age, chicks were allocated into four groups and fed diets supplemented with LIP (100 mg/kg) or AWP (20 g/kg) for 26 days as a 2 x 2 factorial design. At 40 days of age, breast mu...

Rashid Saraz1, Saiqa Amur1, Zia-ul-Hassan1*, Naheed Akhter Talpur1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro3, Khalid Hussain Talpur1 and Nizamuddin Depar4

Tabark F Ahmed, Nibras Z. Yahya*
 
...ofloxacin exhibited synergistic antibacterial effects through fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC index < 1) against tested isolate, while the combination of ascorbic acid with erythromycin exhibited antagonistic effects. Furthermore, time-kill analysis showed that ASCORBIC/CIP combination exhibited highest synergistic and bactericidal effect. It was determined that in vitro study against E. coli O157 in the treatmen...

Sumaira Kousar* and Safdar Ali Shirazi

Ummul Firmani1,3, Rahmi Nurdiani2, Arning Wilujeng Ekawati2 and Happy Nursyam2*
...g amylolytic assay, synergistic activity, hemolytic activity, and antagonistic activity. The results showed that there were several types of bacteria found in the digestive tract of milkfish. One of these bacteria could produce an amylase enzyme with an amylolytic index of 5.16, identified as Bacillus paramycoides. This bacteria also synergized with other bacteria and did not have hemolytic activity on blood agar media. The results of the antagonistic test bas...

Sri Suharyati, Tiwi Aries Pani, Akhmad Dakhlan, Syahrio Tantalo, Kusuma Adhianto*

Subudao Eerdun1, Hai Si1, Rui-Lin Tian1,2*, Hua Mei1, Caicike Badumu1 and Ridunhu Hu1

Wei Wan1, Xiao-Li Wang1, Shu-Juan Wang2, Qin Si2 and Li-Qing Duan1*

...eir acute toxicity, synergistic or antagonistic effects on adult P. sinica. The modified residual film method was used to test the toxicity of individual and binary mixture of these monoterpenoids against adult P. sinica. The effects of these monoterpenoids on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in P. sinica were assessed in vitro. Correlation between numbers of synergistic or antagonis...
Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Rida Ahmad1, Faraz Akrim3, Imad-ul-Din Zangi4

Asma Sadia Authoy2, Aneek Chanda2, Aparna Datta3, Md Shohel Al Faruk4, Towhida Kamal1* 

...rparts, with male cats registering 53.70% and male dogs at 54.55%. Among the ectoparasites observed, mites affected 62.5% of the studied dogs and cats, while fleas infected 8.92% and ticks 3.57%. Notably, pets aged 0 to 1 year were the most vulnerable (statistically significant p = 0.002). Dogs with ash-colored coats (77.27%) and white-coated dogs (84.62%) showed higher susceptibility than black-coated (47.62%) and brown-coated (58.82%) dogs. Vaccination showe...
Elamien***, Mohammed; Kotob**, Nahla S.; Elsayed*, Eltayeb A.; Ragab, Yasser M. and Mourad, Fathia E.
...d on a vaccine vial to register cumulative heat exposure over time. Despite Of several polio vaccine coverage campaigns in the last two years, four of five children poliomyelitis cases reported in March 2009 in northern Sudan States, came from the Red Sea State. The aim of this study is to investigate the quality Of OPV used for children immunization clinics in Red Sea State, to ensure whether the vaccine is still keeping its potency after being exposed to sto...

Sofyl *, A.R.; Soliman , A.M.; Mousal, A.A. and El-Dougdoug , Kh.A.

...SVd-citrus populations registered in GenBank, were viewed against the phylogenetic backgound of CVd-II variants including the noncachexia (CVd-IIa) and the causal agents of severe (CVd-IIb, CVd-IIc), more moderate (Ca903) and mild (Ca909).
...
...rld using the previous registered results. Superimposed maps of BIOCLnvf annual Mintemperature, Max-Temperature and the points distribution, indicated that gummy bark disease naturally occurs in the low temperature zones range from 8—180C at winter and from 27-380C at summer season where the altitude ranged from -351 to 1320 m. A novel method called maximum entropy distribution modeling was used for predicting potential suitable habitat for gummy bark di...

Ahmed, Amal A. and Fath-Allah, Mervat M.

...t trees resulted in synergistic effect where symptoms in doubly infected plants were more severe than that in plants singly infected by either viruses. ELISA values revealed that the concentration of CMV in doubly infected apricot plants is significantly higher than that of single infected plant. Increase of CMV in doubly

...

Karl Maramorosch

...67 Japanese plant pathologists and entomologists announced the discovery of mycoplasma-resembling pathogens in diseased plants and insect vectors and the temporary recovery of diseased plants treated with tetracycline antibiotics. The recognition of mycoplasma-like structures was made accidentally by a veterinarian, Kaoru Koshimizu, but no credit was given to his crucial role. The simultaneous announcement of the detection o...

Huda M. Hamid1, Fadia W. Al-Azawi2* and Zaid F. Makki3

Saddam Hummadi1, Nadia Al-Falahi2* 

...drogel, providing a synergistic effect for wound healing improvement and showed the best outcome in healing of infected wound.
 

...

Qing Cao1, Wei Jiao2, Huihui Lu1, Jing Zhang2, Meiling Ren3, Yan Xu1* and Shuyang Hu1*

... 904 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA were enrolled between January 2018 and January 2020. These patients, according to their 2 h postprandial glucose (2hPG), were divided into the hyperglycemia group (n = 126) and hypoglycemia group (n = 112). Patients in the hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia groups had higher levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 hPG and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) when comparing to their counterparts in the control group,...

Qing Cao1, Wei Jiao2, Huihui Lu1, Jing Zhang2, Meiling Ren3, Yan Xu1* and Shuyang Hu1*

... 904 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA were enrolled between January 2018 and January 2020. These patients, according to their 2 h postprandial glucose (2hPG), were divided into the hyperglycemia group (n = 126) and hypoglycemia group (n = 112). Patients in the hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia groups had higher levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 hPG and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) when comparing to their counterparts in the control group,...

Faramin Javandel Soum Sarai1, Mir Daryoush Shakouri2* and Alireza Seidavi3*

... of heat stress. No synergistic effect was observed between vitamin C or formic acid with chromium picolinate, and in some cases formic acid exacerbated the effect of chromium picolinate.

...
Rahmat Ullah Khan*1, Karim Gabol1, Abbas Khan1, Asif Sadam2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Hamid Ullah5, Muhsin Ali4, Gul Bacha Khan4 and Habib Ul Hassan1
...gns and enforcement of legislation are required on a priority basis to conserve the avian diversity, distribution, and address the threats.

...

Heni Indrijani*, Asep Anang, Muhammad Farhan Fadilah, Nena Hilmia, Maya Fitriani

... body weight using the Logistic model. The study showed that the Sentul Kulawu male line of Sentul chickens had the highest body weight of 931.58 grams at 12 weeks of age. In contrast, the crossbreeding between Sentul Kulawu males and Sentul Debu females, produced by Sentul males, had the highest body weight of 973.62 grams at the same age. The research methodology used to measure the heterosis effect involved comparing the average parent with the average cros...

Munifah Siti Amira Yusuf1, Norsida Man2*, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris1, Ismi Arif Ismail3, Siaw Shin Yee1 and Tengku Halimatun Sa’adiah T Abu Bakar1,4 

...e program participants registered under the DOA Malaysia. The data was analysed using the PLS-SEM analysis method with the help of SMART-PLS software version 3.0. Findings revealed a positive association between all CIPP factors and Effectiveness. These findings showed that the DOA should prioritise process and product as the agriculture extension provider (stakeholders). This study suggests that policymakers should improve the implementation of urban agricult...

IRFANA IQBAL1*, PAKEEZA TANWEER1, FARKHANDA MANZOOR1, MUHAMMAD NAUMAN AFTAB2, AFSHAN KALEEM3, ROHEENA ABDULLAH3, ASMA ZAFAR4 & MEHWISH IQTEDAR3

...ncomycin) and their synergistic effect were also studied. No bacterial growth showed resistance to honey at any concentration when used individually or in combination with antibiotic although bacteria showed resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone. Brassica honey 90% was the most effective at all concentrations with a maximum of inhibition zone 11.13 mm against P. aeruginosa followed by 90% Trifolium honey with the maximum inhibition zone 10.75 mm against ...

KOUSAR PERVEEN1*, MUHAMMAD AFZAL1, SANA SEHAR1 & SYED AMIR GILANI2

...ructured interviews of registered nurses of a public sector hospital. This study selects nurses as unit of analysis because patients deal the most with nursing staff during their stay in the hospital. The findings of current study revealed that nursing staff have comprehensive understanding of a compassionate care behaviour. Nursing staff actively pursue to provide compassionate care to patients in distress which is motivated by some personal and professional ...

*AMNA SHOAIB, AROOJ SHEZAD, ARSHAD JAVAID, SUNDUS AKHTAR & ZOIA ARSHAD AWAN

Teedzai Chitura*

...oners and summits have legislated and banned the use of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock feeds. Given these scenarios, animal nutritionists embarked on the quest for the search of alternative and sustainable growth promoters, as a replacement for antibiotics. The application of probiotics in poultry production appears to be an economically feasible alternative. Hence, the present review aims to provide comprehensive information regarding the use of pro...
Mouhamed Zakiou Kolawole Adissa Raimi1, Ghulam Hussain2, Nousheen Zafeer3, Faheem Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan4, Anwar Ullah1, Imdad Kaleem1 and Asghar Shabbir1*
...ail), to assess the synergistic efficacy of honey and black seed against demyelination within brain. A total of 35 male quails were used, among 10 were non treated and 25 were treated with 200 mg/kg/day cuprizone (CPZ) demyelination for six months to induce demyelination. After that they were divided into seven groups of five animal each where 3 CPZ treated groups received either honey, black seed oil or mixture of both for 6 weeks after demyelination. Behavio...
Gilmar Jesús Cañarte-Cañarte1, Ernesto Gonzalo Cañarte-Bermúdez2*, José Bernardo Navarrete-Cedeño2, Luis Fernando Díaz-Toral1, Carlos Eddy Alvarado-Zamora1 and Fernando David Sánchez-Mora1*
...of the studied factors registered higher values in agronomic and productive variables when compared to the control treatment (conventional spacing used by farmers).
...

Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Bilques Bano3, Muhammad Muddassir Ali4, Nazia Rubab5, Syed Tasadak Mehdi6, Muhammad Wasim Iqbal7, Kumay Hassan Akhtar8, Aqeel Raza9, Ujala Fatima Shan10, Muhammad Aftab11

Huma Naz1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Tanveer Ahmed3*, Khalid Abbas2, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Fareeha Latif4, Adnan Ahmad Qazi1, Muhammad Adeel Hassan5

... into the potential synergistic effects of these pesticides on aquatic organisms.
...

Shangmei Peng1 and Changhe Yu2*

...12 to May 2022. Binary logistics regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of PC-AKI in different examination methods. There was no significant difference compared with that in contrast-enhanced CT group (4.90%, P>0.05). The serum creatinine, uric acid and urea nitrogen in the contrast-enhanced CT group decreased, while cystatin C and eGFR increased after the examination, with statistical significance (P<0.05). But there was no significa...

Moazama Batool1*, Syeda Ansa Fatima1, Saima Naz2*, Qurat Ul Ain1, Sheeza Bano1, Ghulam Abbas3 and Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha4

...ecame motionless and sluggish. Body color was changed from grey to pale and gills from bright to light red color as bifenthrin concentration increased. Blood parameters such as red blood cell counts (RBCs), White blood cell counts (WBCs), Hematocrit (Hct), Hemoglobin (Hb), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were measured at sub lethal exposure of bifenthrin after 15 and 30 days. The findings revealed that RBCs, ...

Afrah Adil Hassan1*, Hawraa F. H. Alowaid1, Majdy Faisal Majeed2 

Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi1*, Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1, Mona M.S. Zayed3, Entesar H. Taha2 and Nora R.A. Saleh1

... showed additive or synergistic interaction effects. The tested isolates increased significantly (p≤0.05) plant growth criteria according to the tested materials. The same isolates +AMF with Ne at the same time recorded less colonization percentage (35%), while 40% root colonization was achieved when added at 7 days before nematode inoculation. Also, when AMF alone was applied at 7 days before nematode inoculation, it caused the highest percentage of coloni...

M. Daud AK1,2*, Mahdi Abrar2*, Teuku Reza Ferasyi3,4, Harapan Harapan5,6,7,8

Ghalib Nadeem* and Muhammad Irfan Anis 

...andom Forest, XGBoost, Logistic Regression, and Single Perceptron we meticulously analyze four diverse data-sets to uncover intricate patterns and unveil hidden insights. The efficiency of random sampling in resolving the class imbalance issue is tested along with the validity and adaptability of these models utilizing GridSearchCV optimum parameter modification. The performance evaluation is based on accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and Area Under the C...
H. Salimi , Mansoor Montazeri, M. Fereidoonpour M. Akhavan
I. Mukhtar, R. Bajwa and G. Nasim
...g of forest/plant pathologists and encomiasts multidisciplinary team meetings. This review describes the author's experience regarding the major issues identified during this process. Current research article covers; actual problems in shisham plantations and reason of controversy in pathology of dieback disease in Punjab (province), Pakistan. This review is intended to be of practical use to the foresters and pathologists r...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
Hakim Shah1, Mamoona Wali Muhammad1 Muhammad Afrasiyab2 and Javed Iqba3
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
Tariq Mahmood
M. Nafees and Zahid Ullah
...roviding corresponding legislative coverage.

Key words: Social codes of conduct, communal land, reforestation, livelihood opportunity

...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...ics. In addition to biologists and ecologists, this study provides guidelines to policy makers for adaptation of mitigation measures.

Key words: Climate change, temperature, rainfall, evaporation, wind

...
Anwar Ali and Hakim Shah
...sources. Though forest legislation limits the rights of local people in the forests but still majority (72%) of them have access to forest resources in the area. They fulfill all their requirements from these forests but contribute nothing to the protection and development of the forest resources. The existing forest legislation and forest management have totally failed to achieve their objectives. It is feared that if nothi...
Muhammad Arif Chaudhary, Muhammad Akbar and Muhammad Ajmal Khan
Ghulam Akbar
...or the last decade. Ecologists in various parts of the world have questioned the validity of earlier method of assessing range condition particularly the Ciementsian model based on plant succession and climax (Friedel, 1991, Laurenroth & Laycock, 1989). New thoughts are provoked on the way of this discussion and new ideas and approaches are emerging. The necessity of new ecological models was realized keeping in view the limitations of the successional model i...
Ghayyas Ahmad
Sardar Muhammad Rafique
.... This change had also registered increase in species number from 18 to 27. One final clipping and two clippings have no appreciable effect on floristic composition however, two clippings has caused slight increase in forage production. The study has demonstrated that poor temperate rangelands could be rehabilitated by application of suitable fertilizer and control grazing for about 5 years....
Chaudhry A. Khaliq
...l computer to enhance, register and classify eleven selected sub-images, each of which covered an area planted with Pinus radiata in one of four different age classes....
Wulf Killmann
...sup> per year). Of the registered annual consumption of 2.033 million m3 timber and timber products about 50% is imported. In some fields of timber utilization chipboard can be of help to ease the pressure on local timber resources and foreign exchange of imports especially in furniture and interior wood works. Logically already as early as in the sixties the first chipboard mills started operation. Raw materials were mainly coniferous timbers acqu...
G. M. Khattak
...od cutters were then registered and they were prohibited from cutting trees below prescribed sizes. In 1871 teak was introduced from Burma at Sitapahar and Pahartali. The work at the latter site had soon to be abandoned due to damage by cattle.

Sir William Schlich, Conservator of Forests Bengal, visited these forests in 1875 and found that the hill tribesmen were free to cut and burn where they liked. A permit was required for export...

Abdul Aleem
... The male/female ratio registered a decrease whereas the young / female ratio increased from 0.56 February -March 1975 to 0.79 in December 1977. Herd size also considerably increased. Footprints of snow leopard were again seen in the area. Food production was determined in the winter habitat of Markhor and it was inferred that the feed is not scarce for the wild animal. ...
Bashir Hussain Shah and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...nchus was quite high amongist the parasitic nematodes extracted from the soil and samples of Eucalyptus saplings at Chichawatni and Garhi Habibullah. Other plant parasitic nematodes belonging to the Order Tylenchida infesting Eucalyptus roots at previous places were, Ditylenchus, Criconemoides, Aphelenchus, Aphelenchoides, Rotylenchus, Psilenchus, Tylenchus, Paurodontus, Beleodorus, and Nothotylenchus, the ectoparasitic genera belonging to the Order Dorylaimid...
Anwar Masrur, PFS (I)
...ical value to the hydrologists, the present trend is to describe the drainage basins and channel networks by means of quantitative methods instead of purely qualitative and deductive studies. The paper describes some aspects of morphometric analysis of Kunhar river watershed including stream order, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, constant of channel maintenance, stream frequency, shape, slope and elevation....

Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Wali Ullah Falahi2, Aneela Zameer Durrani3, Bilques Bano4, Muhammad Muddasir Ali3, Nazia Rubab4, Syed Tasadak Mehdi4, Muhammad Wasim Iqbal5, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar6, Aqeel Raza7, Muawuz Ijaz3, Ujala Fatima Shan3, Muhammad Aftab3

Dunia Tahseen Nema Al-Aridhi 

...ion at 7.5 mg/dl. In a logistic regression model, elevated uric acid levels independently increased renal dysfunction risks.This study provides evidence for a bidirectional relationship between serum uric acid and kidney function markers. Uric acid demonstrated good predictive accuracy for identifying impaired renal function, highlighting its potential utility as a risk factor or prognostic marker for CKD progression. The development of a predictive model inco...

Ying Li, Peng Zhan, Qiang Wang and Dongfeng Chen*

...actor and multi factor logistic regression. Labor intensity, imaging grade, integrity of lateral meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament, and course of disease may be the risk factors for cartilage wear of lateral compartment in patients with VKO (P<0.05). The levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in the joint fluid of the cartilage wear group were significantly higher than those of the non-wear group (P<0.05). The results showed that the heavy labo...

Nask Jawher Ahmed and Kawa A. Ali*

...o the general BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, und Chemische Industrie) scale, with three levels of water regimes: (a) control (full irrigations), (b) No further irrigation after flowering (65BBCH), and (c) No further irrigation after seed development (79 BBCH) stages of the crop. There were four concentrations of foliar applied salicylic acid: (a) Control (only water spray) and (b)100ppm, (c) 200ppm, and (d) 300ppm SA spray. Yield traits were observed includi...

Hamid Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Anas1*, Rozina Gul1, Waseem Ullah Shah1, Abdul Haleem2, Muneeb Ahamd Khan1, Muhammad Taimur1, Tahreem Shah1, Sajjad Ur Rahman1, Noman Anjum1 and Muhammad Saqib3

...med very well and were registered with less larval infestation and pod damage Percentage and maximum yield over two years, therefore recommended for developing pod worm resistant/tolerant and high yielding chickpea varieties.

...

Barkat Ullah Khan*, Ayaz Ahmad, Ashar Farooq, Muhammad Bilal Zia, Hammad-Ud-Din and Muhammad Atif Majeed

Shawky M Aboelhadid1*, Abdel-Azeem S Abdel-Baki2, Khaled M Hassan3
Samar M Ibrahium4, Saleh Al-Quraishy5, Ahmed O Hassan6 and Asmaa A Kamel1

Fadia W. Al-Azawi1* , Huda M. Hamid2, Husam Jasim Mohammed1 and Jan Muhammad3

Saba Mehnaz1*, Farhan Ahmad Atif2, Rao Zahid Abbas1, Muhammad Kasib Khan1 and Muhammad Saqib3

...d through the multiple logistic regression method. The overall prevalence of a single infection of A. marginale was found to be 14.26% and for T. annulata it was 15.28%. The mixed infection, through duplex PCR in the buffalo population, was observed as 12.92%. Different associated risk factors were evaluated to assess their association with the prevalence of these pathogens. Generally, the prevalence was significantly higher in female buffaloes (P=0.0001) duri...

Sairah Syed1, Rafia Urooj Saman1, Ayesha Manzoor1, Muhammad Arsalan1, Abdul Latif1*, Madeeha Khan1, Rehmat Ullah2, Muhamad Bilal2, Rizwan Latif3, Ejaz Ahmad4, Muhammad Amjad1, Muhammad Aslam5, Sair Sarwar6, Sabir Hussain Shah7 and Amaima Masood8

Rael Jepkogei Masai 

...d using chi square and logistic regression. Most respondents (200 (66.7%) visited the hospital during dry season and only 33.3% visited during the rainy season. Infection prevalence of geohelminths was A. lumbricoides, A. duodenale and T. trichiura, 40% (p<.05), 25% (p<.05), and 1% infection prevalence were detected respectively during the wet season, and 24.5%, 10.5% and 1% respectively during the dry season, 16% of P.falciparum (p<.05) were infectio...

Mohsin Rafique1*, Muhammad Atif Majeed2, Aamir Shakeel3, Tahir Iqbal4 and Ziad Raza5

Khalid Hussain, Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan and Hafiz Ullah Khan

Al-Moataz Bellah Mahfouz Shaarawy1, Mahmoud Yassin Mohamed1*, Mahmoud Sayed Sayah2,1, Ashraf Ali Mehany1, Ezzat Arafa Ahmed El-Beltagi1, Shimaa M. Ali1

...me next, and 1st group registered the lowest concentrations. In conclusion, data on GH and LP levels from birth to weaning could be a useful early-life selection tool for selecting high-performing individuals and predicting improved animal performance in the distant future throughout different ages (from 105 d to 540 d of age).
 
Keywords | Friesian, Leptin, Growth hormone, Growth performance, Reproduction
...

Heba El-Sayed Mostafa1,2*, Lama Sulaiman Alahmadi1, Shiyma Abullah Alrahule1, Nada Fareed Alzughaibi1, Hala Rafat Zulali1, Yasmin Islam Magdi3, Saada Saad Alharbi1

 
...r. Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females and those in the medicine specialty were significant predictors of opinions on animal research. Linear regression analysis showed that age and source of knowledge were significant predictors of overall knowledge score on general knowledge of ethics in research. Conclusion: In conclusion, Saudi Arabia’s undergraduate health college students are aware of ethical issues related to anima...
Rehana Yasmin1,2, Rashda Abbasi2*, Tariq Saeed2, Madiha Sadiq2, Nuzhat Yasmeen3, Muhammad Iqbal4, A. Khuzaim Alzahrani5, Nadeem Kizilbash5, Ugur Bilge6, Nafees Ahmad2 and Sajid Malik1*
... were analyzed through logistic regression. We identified Pathan ethnicity (OR=2.85; 95%CI=2.29-3.54), no formal education (OR=3.36; 95%CI=2.62-4.32), poor diet (OR=2.34; 95%CI=1.79-3.06), lower BMI (OR=1.95; 95%CI=1.50-2.60), parental consanguinity (OR=2.13; 95%CI=1.67-2.71), positive family history (OR=4.24; 95%CI=2.18-8.26), rural residential setup (OR=2.93; 95%CI=2.10-4.10), drinking of groundwater (OR=2.25; 95%CI=1.6479-3.0964), wooden fuel (OR= 3.97; 95%...

Rahmat Ullah Khan* and Karim Gabol

...ementation of wildlife legislation is made successful.

...

Suroor Hafedth Mohammed, Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini* 

...ingle and twin births. Logistic regression analyses further explored the association of the progeny type with adipose tissue biomarkers. In conclusion, Awassi ewes with twin births exhibited an increase in the leptin and visfatin levels. This study provided valuable information about the association of litter size with adipose tissue hormones. This finding makes it a potential candidate for further research and application in sheep breeding and reproduction to...

Tamadhur H. Hussein, Layth H. Merzah, Tahreer M. Al-Thuwaini* 

...further explored using logistic regression analyses. It was noted that progeny type showed a significantly higher association with the live body weight (P = 0.04, OR (95% CI) = 1.50 (1.08-3.24)), tail length (P = 0.03, OR (95% CI) = 1.69 (0.96-3.86)), and hormones leptin (P = 0.02, OR (95% CI) = 2.31 (1.51-5.18)) and visfatin (P = 0.01, OR (95% CI) = 2.03 (1.34-5.21)). In conclusion, levels of leptin and visfatin were found to be increased in Hamadani ewes wit...

Rico Anggriawan1*, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari2, Sri Hidanah3, Muhammad Anam Al Arif4, Diyah Ayu Candra5

... of action and have synergistic action in the antibacterial spectrum . Tylosin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic, while enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. On commercial poultry farms in Indonesia, the combination of enrofloxacin and tylosin Tylosin and enrofloxacin are often used together as they have a synergistic action against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, overuse of a...

Muhammad Iqbal1*, Saba Iqbal1, Arbab Jahangeer1, Muhammad Arshad1, Naveed Akhtar2, Ansar Hussain3, Mussarrat Hussain4, Muhammad Shahid5 and Qaisar Abbas4

Khaled A. El-Dougdoug1, Wael S. El-Araby2* and Rehab A. Dawoud3
... We hope that plant biologists and virologists will be interested in the evolving big picture of the plant virome’s origins and global architecture, which will encourage further research into virus–plant coevolution.
...

Ho-Kyoung Bae, Jae-Kang Lee, Tae-Kyung Eom, Dong-Ho Lee, Hyeongyu Ko, Joo-Hee Kim, Sung-Hyun Ahn and Shin-Jae Rhim*

...ongchang, South Korea. Logistic regression models were used to determine which habitat variables affect latrine site selection. The relationship between elevation and latrine location was examined using the Mann-Whitney U test, and we used Jacob’s index to examine the relationship between latrine site selection and forest type. Badger field signs were negatively affected by human presence. Dense overstory vegetation and the percent ground cover of rock, ...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

October

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 5, pp. 2001-2500

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