Farhad Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ashfaq
...n in two agro-ecological zones in Punjab. The method of ordinary least square was used. Time series data for different explanatory variable (eco- nomic, location and climatic) from 1979-2009 relating to wheat were used for Faisalabad and Ba- hawalpur. The results of analysis showed that the effect of climatic variables was found significantly higher than that of non-climatic variables. The largest impact on wheat yield was of mean maximum average temperature a...
Nisar Ahmad1*, Inayatullah Jan2, Saif Ullah1 and Sidra Pervez1
...ct was divided into four zones and two villages were selected from each zone. An equal number of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, i.e. ten each, were selected from each village. Thus the total sample size was 160 farmers. Cobb Douglas Production Function (CDPF) was used to analyse the data. The results of the study indicate that credit has positive effects on wheat productivity. Analysis shows that only 30% of credit use...
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Isreal Ogunlade1, Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde2
...the four agro-ecological zones in the study area using a two-stage random sampling technique. Data used for the study were analysed using descriptive statistics, Likert scale and the regression analysis. The study revealed that farmers perceived the level of accountability of extension to farmers in the study area as poor. Level of education, access to training and membership of farmer-groups negatively influenced accountability at p<0.05. Based on the find...
Oluwasogo David Olorunfemi, Oluwasegun Adetokunbo Adekunle, Felix Olayinka Oladipo, Temitope Oluwaseun Oladele and Oladimeji Idowu Oladele
...Programme administrative zones (Zones C and D) in Kwara State where fish farming is prominent and well-practiced was carried out. Forty fish farmers were then randomly selected from the fish farmers’ association chapter present in each selected Local Government Area. Interview-schedule was used to elicit information from the respondents. The findings revealed that the fish farmers were economically active with a mean a...
Iram Liaqat1*, Najma Arshad2, Muhammad Arshad3, Safdar Ali Mirza4, Nazish Mazhar Ali1 and Ammara Shoukat1
...queous extracts. Maximum zone of inhibition exhibited by methanolic extracts of S. aromaticum was 10 mm and 20 mm in mono and mixed culture bacterial isolates, respectively. The findings from this study warrant further research to help to establish an alternative anti-infective phytotherapeutical approach to control antibiotic-resistant microbial strains in the food industry....
Sana Irshad Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal2, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Shaukat Hussain3
...usmn; 0.21 mm inhibition zone against X. campestris and C. michiganensis respectively compared to positive reference (streptomycin) and negative refrence (EtOAc) using disc diffusion method. However, the same concentration of crude (1 µg.mL-1) showed 62.20 ± 2.51% growth inhibitions against Fusarium oxysporum using agar well diffusion method. Further investigation, including various chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses on the separation and ...
Waheed Anwar*, Muhammad S. Haider, Ahmad A. Shahid, Hamid Mushtaq, Usman Hameed, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman and Muhammad Javed Iqbal
...different agroecological zones of Pakistan. Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium solani, Fusarium incarnatum and Fusarium sp. along with other fungi were isolated and characterized morphologically as well as genetically by amplifying internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). Variability among Fusarium species based on ITS showed that it is not enough to score diversity within species and isolates. Additionally pathogenicity of isolate...
Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1,*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Nazir Javed2
Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Zhong-Yuan Zhang1, Yan-Guo Han1, Wei-Wei Ni1, Ming-Xing Chu2, Yue-Hui Ma2, Jian-Ning He3, Huai-Zhi Jiang4, Jia-Hua Zhang1, Zhong-Quan Zhao1, Yan Zeng1, Ri-Su Na1, Gao-Fu Wang5, Hang-Xing Ren5 and Yong-Fu Huang1*
...owed the agro-ecological zone and management history. This indicated that the frequency of those five microsatellites did not increase during the reproduction of those six breeds. Therefore, these five fecundity related microsatellites are not appropriate biomarkers for goat breeding.
...
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Ehsan Kamrani1, Narges Amrollahi Biuki1 and Hossein Zamani2
...r 2014 in the intertidal zones of Bandar Lengeh in the Persian Gulf. The numbers of males, females, unsexual samples were counted for 71, 126 and 20, respectively. Females were totally 1.77 times heavier than males. Wet weights of gonads were nearly 8.25% of the mean total wet body weights. Only females were observed by gonad wet weights more than 12 g. The gonad wet weights of females (3.74±3.26) was heavier than males (3.46±2.63). March to Augu...
Mirza Imran Shahzad1,*, Anna Iqbal2, Farrah Ali1, Nuzhat Sial3, Muhammad Ashfaq4, Abul Hasanat5 and Azra Khanum6
Tianzhu Chao, Huiqiang Cai, Yuxun Zhou, Kai Li* and Junhua Xiao
...subspecies form a hybrid zone in eastern China. There were three major well-differentiated clades within M. m. castaneus, which were designated as CAS1, CAS2 and CAS3 and confirmed previous internal sublineage differentiation of this subspecies. Of the three clades, only CAS1 was detected in all the samples from mainland China. M. m. musculus exhibited no broadly distributed clade, which might be explained by frequent human-assisted movements. Ou...
Abdus-Subhan1, Qudratullah Khan1, Muhammad Mansoor2, Muhammad Jamil Khan1, Ammanullah2, Matiullah Khan3
Antibacterial Activity by Chlorogenic Acid Isolated through Resin from Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca L.)
Ahmed Mujtaba1, Tariq Masud1, Asif Ahmad1, Waqar Ahmed3, Saqib Jabbar3* and Robert E. Levin2
...orogenic acid and showed zone of inhibition with the value of 6.0 and 7.0 mm. The HPLC analysis of apricot suggested that 5.0 gm of apricot contain 1.04 µg/ml of chlorogenic acid on dry weight basis. It is concluded that apricot may be an alternative, natural and supplemental treatment for diseases associated with these pathogens.
... 
Goutam Mondal
Plant growth promoting activity of some indigenous Tricho-derma isolates and their field performance against sheath blight of rice in old alluvial zone of North Bengal
...ed from the old alluvial zone of North Bengal and their biocontrol activity were tested in dual culture and found effective against soil-borne plant pathogens, namely, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Padw.) Matuo. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Efficacy in plant growth promoting activity of all the isolates was also tested on cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis L.), chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with cu...
Mohammed M. Ibrahim1,2*, Y.S. Chandel1 and Anil3
... different agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh during 2012. The findings revealed that the significant differences were observed between the populations for all characters except abdomen length, fore wing width and length of trochanter and tibia. Overall, the mean of populations for head height × width, proboscis length, thorax length, abdomen length, fore wing length × width, cubital index, hind wing length × width, number of hamuli, cox...
Muhammad Ibrahim1,2*, Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah1, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharaf Ahmad2 and Farhatullah3
...rn, central and northern zones located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province. Yellow rust occurrence was distributed over an area of 463 acres in all three wheat production zones. Maximum yellow rust impact values (estimated by Field Impact Factor (FIF) of 121, 201 and 328 were recorded in Bannu (Southeren Zone), Nowshara (Central Zone) and Mansehra (...
Jawad Anwar* and Zafar Iqbal
... fraction showed maximum zone of inhibition (24.25±1.06 mm) against X. campestris and (23.15±2.12 mm) against C. michiganensis on growth nutrient broth (GNB) medium as compared to other culture media (Potato dextrose broth and yeast extract broth). Similarly maximum zone of inhibition was observed in optimized parameters like shaking flask culture, 25 °C temperature, media of pH 5 and light fermentation.The...
Mohammad Umar Farooq1*, Sarfaraz Ahmad2, Ghulam Nabi1, Ijaz Ali1 and Imtiaz Ahmad1
... up to the depth of root zone for each grass and the root portion was separated, weighed, oven dried at 60 Co for estimating below ground pytomass carbon Mg C ha-1. Carbon pool in above ground phtyomass was 0.08 MgCha-1 while below ground phytomass carbon was estimated as 0.05 MgCha-. In grazed and un-grazed sites, the SOC (%) MgCha-1 decreased depth wise as well as in total carbon MgCha-1. In g...
Sumit K. Satpathi1, Suprakash Pal2*, Rupsanatan Mandal2, Nonigopal Shit2 and Ashutosh Sarkar3
Muhammad Usman Qamar1, 2, Sidrah Saleem1, Usman Arshad1, Muhammad Farhan Rasheed3, Hasan Ejaz4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Shah Jahan6,*
...ates with almost similar zone of inhibition (7.4mm) except E. cloacae. Highest MIC and MBC of manuka honey was observed against K. pneumoniae (30%v/v) while lowest against A. baumannii (20%v/v). Here, we conclude that Manuka honey possess potent antibacterial activity and might be used as an alternative treatment option against NDM-1 producing bacterial species. However, further clinical trials are mandatory to corroborate our initial find...
Shahid Hussain Farooqi1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Oneeb2, Amjad Khan3, Amjad Islam Aqib1 and Shakeel Mahmood4
... three distinct temporal zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Twelve hundreds ticks were collected from four hundreds animals comprising of two hundred and fifty cattle and one hundred and fifty buffaloes. Descriptive statistics with Pearson’s Chi-square test and regression model were applied to analyze the data. The results of study found Rhepicephalus the most prevalent genus followed by Heamaphysalis, Hyalomma, Dermacenter a...
Abdus Subhan1, Qudrat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Mansoor2 and M. Jamil Khan1
Hassan Hashim Ghalib, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullan Jan and Ghaffar Ali
...al and Northern climatic zones of KP. Results from descriptive statistical analysis demonstrate that net-return per acre from wheat crop is highest in the Central zone because of conducive agro-climatic conditions. The estimated Cross-sectional Ricardian Model reveals that temperature and rainfall have non-linear relationships with net-return per acre. The relationship between growers’ net-return and atmospheric temper...
Zia-ur-Rehaman1, Naila Chand1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2,*
... groups: TN and HAT zones. Chicks in TN group were housed at constant room temperature, while chicks in HAT zone were kept at high ambient temperature. Chicks in each group were further divided into four sub groups. Each sub group was further subdivided into four replicates having ten chicks per replicate. Blood was collected on weekly basis from day 21 to 42. Mean serum antibody titer against Newcastle disease (ND) and...
Minmin Chen1, Xiaoke Zhang1, Kexiong Wang2, Zhigang Liu1, An Wan3, Daoping Yu1,*, Hong Ji3 and Fangzhen Peng1
...x different hydrological zones of the confluence, the porpoise was more likely to prefer the flow deflection and flow stagnation zones of the confluence. The average occurrence rate in the flow deflection and flow stagnation zones was 32% and 44%, respectively. Based on these observations, we concluded that the confluence of the Yangtze and Wanhe rivers is a popular habitat of the Yangtze ...
Muhammad Siraj-ud-Din1,2, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Usman Ali3,*, Mayoor Khan2, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nuzhat Shafi1 and Basharat Ahmad1
...e dry sub-tropical scrub zone habitat with 41.87% evidences of its presence followed by alpine meadows/alpine scrub zone (21.14%), sub-alpine scrub zone (13.41%), and dry temperate coniferous forests (8.54%). On the other hand, agricultural lands (3.24%) and dry alpine zone/permanent snowfield (3.66%) were the least preferred habitats of urial in Gilgit ...
Zia ur Rehman1, Naila Chand1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi3
...wo different temperature zones i.e., thermoneutral zone (TN) and high ambient temperature zone (HAT) group. Day-old broiler chicks (n=242) of four different commercial strains (Ross, Hubbard, Cobb and Arber Acer) were placed in brooding room for the first two weeks and then chicks were divided into two groups: TN and HAT. Chicks in TN group were housed at constant room temperature (...
Ayesha Bibi*, Musharaf Ahmad and Shaukat Hussain
...KP was divided into five zones as Northern KP, Southern KP, Eastern KP, Western KP and Central KP. A total of 100 collected weed samples were analyzed in laboratory for the presence of bacteria. The samples were crushed homogenized in 0.85% TBE buffer and platted on YDC (Yeast extract-Dextrose-CaCO3) for bacterial growth. For identification of the characteristic bacterial colonies Cmm-specific primers CMM-5 and CMM-6 were used for amplification of 614bp produc...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
...Two different ecological zones, Cholistan (n=185) and Suleiman Range (n=177) of Pakistan having major population of camel were screened for subclinical mastitis using California mastitis test using convenient sampling technique. Biochemical examination was performed to isolate S. aureus that further were tested Penicillin, Glycopeptide, and Cephalosporin classes of antibiotics for confirmation of MDR isolates using disk diffusion method. MDR were tested...
Muhammad Naeem1, Bushra Sadia1,2,*, Faisal Saeed Awan1and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
...5 mutants producing halo zones. Percentage blood clot lysis led to screening of mutants UV 2, UV 6, UV 7, UV 9, UV 11, UV 12, UV 15 and EB 3, EB 4, EB 11, EB 13 with hyperactivity as compared to wild bacterial strain. Out of the total 15 isolates of EtBr-treated strains, EB4 gave the maximum enzyme activity (7.3 ± 0.005 U ml-1) with a zone diameter of 6 mm. While UV6 was found to be the best UV-induced muta...
A. R. Rattu, M. Fayyaz, I. Ahmad, M. A. Akhtar* A. A. Hakro and K. A. Khanzada**
...ifferent agro-ecological zones of the country presenting hot spots for leaf and yellow rust along with artificial inoculation with prevalent pathotypes. These candidate lines were undergoing mandatory testing to develop varieties for irrigated and rainfed areas of Pakistan. Out of these 29 candidate lines, 9 were common to NUWYT 2003-04 and 2004-05. Three candidate lines namely, V-00125, 99B2278, 99B4012 from seeding date were found resistant to both leaf and ...
Khalid Mahmood Aujla, Sajida Taj*, Khalid Mahmood** and Nadeem Akmal*
... from different cropping zones of the Punjab province as sample of the national survey. The survey results reveal that decline in wheat area, the incidence of frost/cold spells, shortage of irrigation water over normal supplies, imbalanced use of fertilizers particularly of DAP fertilizer below the recommended doses, higher prices of inputs such as seed, fertilizer, diesel, electricity and less wheat prices during 2006-07 and late announcement of the minimum g...
Shazia Erum, Rashid Anwar and Shahid Masood*
... various agro ecological zones of Pakistan were interlinked to some extent however Kasuri methi make their identity by standing alone among tested genotypes on the dendrogram, due to the geographical environment of Kasur in Punjab. In this connection ‘Benefit sharing’ mechanism can be accelerated by escalating farmer’s participation for more cultivation in the interest of country....
Shazia Erum*, Muhammad Naeemullah, Shahid Masood** and Muhammad Irfan Khan*
...ifferent agro-ecological zones of the world and compared for their phenotypic (qualitative and quantitative) and biochemical trait. Comparatively high variation was seen for seed germination, canopy and spikes/plant, florets/spike and leaf area. A UPGMA cluster, grouped the 9 Ocimum genotypes into two major clusters on the basis of total seed protein and phenotypic characters, except Siam Queen and Lime basil stand alone, respectively. Euclidian distance for m...
Muhammad Azeem Khan*, Abid Hussain, Irfan Mehmood and Sonila Hassan **
... of farmers in semi arid zones of Punjab and Khyber Pukhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan. Data for the study has been taken from various issues of Crop Area Production (by districts) MINFA (Economic Wing), district agricultural departments and meteorological department, Islamabad. Primary data for the study was collected in 2010 by conducting farm level surveys in Kohat and Attock districts. Clusters of six villages were selected from each district for field surv...
Asad Sultan1, Sahal Ahmad1, Sarzamin Khan1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Naila Chand1, Muhammad Tahir3 and Shakoor Ahmad2
...t both levels of thermal zones. The results of silymarin on growth, nutrient digestibility and hematological parameters were comparatively lower (P<0.05) in broilers during TN and HS zones. The current results indicate that the supplementation of feed with silymarin and ZnO improved the growth performance, blood parameters and nutrient digestibility in broiler during heat stress, however, the positive effect of ZnO was be...
Shazia Erum*, Muhammad Naeemullah and Shahid Masood**
Corresponding author: [email protected]
PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AMONG MENTHA SPP.
...rom different ecological zones of the world. Great variation was observed in stem length with the coefficient of variation of 198.7% and standard deviation of 14.1. Among the 17 mint collection, nine special aromas was smelled including mint gum, strong camphoraceous, mint like, spicy, lemon, pungent, musky and acrid due to the presence of diverse bioactive compounds and essential oils. The present study may help to patronize the essential oil industry on late...
Mazher Abbas*, Tahir Mehmood**, Arshed Bashir*, Muneeb Zafar*** and Aneela Afzal****
ECONOMICS OF LALLEMANTIA ROYLEANA (TUKHAM-EBALANGOO) PRODUCTION IN THE LOW INTENSITY CROPPING ZONE OF THE PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...e low intensity cropping zone of Punjab. Therefore 80 respondents were taken from Karror Laal Eson and Layyah tehsil of Layyah in Punjab. Percent area allocated to Lallemantia royleana crop was comparatively higher at small farms as compared to medium and large farms. The study showed higher yield of L. royleana at large farms as compared to medium and small farms. Average gross revenue by small, medium and large -1 farmers was Rs. 44175, Rs. 52483.02 and Rs. ...
A.A. Mengal* , M. U. Mallah, Z. A. Mirani* and B. N. Siddiqui**
AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
...one from each ecological zone, were selected which are Turbat (Kech), Lasbela, Mastung, Sibi, and Loralai. A sample of 375 farmer respondents were taken with a systematic sampling procedure. The response rate was 82.67%. A detailed and comprehensive questionnaire was used for measuring the effectiveness of extension activities performed by public and private sector extension field staff. The results revealed that a number of farmers received visits from privat...
Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Sonila Hassan**
ECONOMICS OF COW MILK PRODUCTION IN SINDH AND AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR
...production by ecological zones was also conducted. Wide variations in share of feed sources in total feeding cost per annum, milk productivity and profitability of main cow breeds across selected areas have been observed. Concentrate feeding is the main cost item for cow milk production in irrigated areas of Sindh and constitutes more than half (54 %) of the total feeding cost per annum. While, in coastal and desert areas of Sindh, and mountainous - AJK wheat ...
Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Nouman Badar*
YIELD GAP DETERMINANTS FOR WHEAT PRODUCTION IN MAJOR IRRIGATED CROPPING ZONES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ton-wheat and rice-wheat zones of the province, respectively. Ordinary least square regression analysis of wheat production by assuming Cobb-Douglas specification reveals that the number of irrigations, usage of farm yard manure and fertilizers contribute positively and significantly to wheat crop production. Coefficients of dummy variables for cropping zones indicate that farmers in the mixed cropping ...
Muhammad Tahir*, Muhammad Irfan* and Aziz-Ur-Rehman*
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ZINC ON YIELD AND OIL CONTENTS OF FLAX
...em 4 -1 length, fruiting zone length, fruiting branches, number of capsule plant , -1 number of seed capsule , 1000-seed weight, straw yield, seed yield, and seed oil contents compared to control. Therefore, for producing a higher seed yield and oil contents of flax, it is suggested that 3.00% zinc at bud initiation and after capsule filling stage of flax should be used....
Mazher Abbas*, Irfan Mehmood*, Arshed Bashir*, Muhammad Ather Mehmood* and Sonila Hassan*
WOMEN COTTON PICKERS PERCEPTIONS ABOUT HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO PESTICIDE USE IN IRRIGATED PUNJAB
...activity in all cropping zones of Pakistan. Women cotton pickers mostly belong to poor rural society involved in this labour force to feed their families. Cotton pickers in Pakistan face some serious health related problems due to heavy use of pesticides on cotton crop. The present study was designed to investigate the problem faced by women cotton pickers and their role in household decision making. Overall 150 women cotton pickers were interviewed from Bahaw...
Arshed Bashir*, Fatima Ahmad**, Irfan Mehmood*, Muhammad Qasim*, Mazher Abbas* and Sonila Hassan*
ECONOMICS OF RED MEAT PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB
... Sialkot from rice-wheat zone and Chiniot and Faisalabad from mixed cropping zone) were selected for data collection and 76 red meat producers were interviewed. The results showed that commercial farms were dominated by cows while the small sized specialized farms were dominated by buffaloes. The mean age, sale price and live weight of sold buffaloes was 2.8 years, Rs. 64963.8 and 157 kg, respectively whereas for cows the me...
Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Abid Hussain*
ECONOMICS OF MILK PRODUCTION OF MAJOR DAIRY BUFFALO BREEDS BY AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES IN PAKISTAN
... various agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. For this purpose, 219 buffalo farmers were randomly selected from mixed and rice-wheat cropping zones of Punjab and Sindh provinces, mixed cropping zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, coastal zone of Sindh and mountainousAJK. Of these, 155 and 64 were Nili-Ravi and Kundhi buffalo breed farmers, respectiv...
Raja Zoq-ul-Arfeen*, Aamir Saleem*, Sarwat Naz Mirza*, Muhammad Akmal**, Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab* and Obaid Afzal***
BIODIVERSITY AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM RIPARIAN AREAS OF PAKISTAN: SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TAUNSA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY AND KETI SHAH FORESTS
...> Pakistan riparian zone mostly belongs to Sindh and Punjab provinces and prone to climatic problems and anthropogenic activities. The research was conduct to estimate and compare the structure and composition of riverine floral diversity in low riparian zone of River Indus. The data was collected from Keti Shah forest and Taunsa wildlife sanctuary. Total 14259 plants/individuals were recorded, which belong to 54 plant ...
Ahmed Fatima*
INCIDENCE OF POVERTY AND THE ROLE OF NON-FARM ACTIVITIES
...r the nine agro-climatic zones of the country (rice/wheat Punjab, mixed Punjab, cotton/wheat Punjab, low intensity Punjab, Barani Punjab, cotton/wheat Sindh, rice other Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan) were calculated for farming and non-farming households. The indices of poverty were also measured for households that only did farming, undertook farming and non-farm activities and those that did no farming in the various agro-climatic
Sher Muhammad , Ijaz Ashraf*, Amir Khatam**, and Naima
Nawaz***
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES OF MODEL FARM SERVICES CENTERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
... ecological mix cropping zones. Data were collected with the help of a validated and reliable interview schedule through a research team comprising of four members who were properly trained for the purpose. Highest farmers' participation was perceived in supply of inputs and was ranked 1 with mean value 3.10. There existed a highly significant association between age, education, land holding, and tenancy status of the respondents and their participation in var...
Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie, Joseph O. Okoro, Christopher Didigwu Nwani*, Ngozi Ezenwaji, Ndubisi Stanley Oluah and Fabian C. Okafor
... in Ugwueme agricultural zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. The snails were collected from two communities. Light and teasing methods were used for recovery of parasites from the snails. A total of 618 snails belonging to 7 species (Achatina achatina, A. belteata, A. degneri, Limicolaria aurora, L. flammea, Lamellaxis gracilis and Orthalicus sp.) were collected. A. achatina was the most abundant species (35.6%) while A. degneri was the l...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1,*, Ghulam Murtaza1, Farid Asif Shaheen2 , Fatima Zafar1
...on through different fly-zones in order to shun the perils of extreme cold annually in the winter season. Indus Fly Zone in Pakistan serves as a middle Asian flying route for the migratory birds that is connected to West Asian and East African flying routes. The ecological concerns faced by the migratory birds in Pakistan have been reviewed extensively. The disappearing trends of migratory birds are recorded from fresh water...
Amna Kausar1,2, Sana Anwar1, Naila Siddique2, Safia Ahmed1 and Javid Iqbal Dasti1,*
...iting diverse ecological zones of Pakistan. Altogether, 507 tissue and swab samples were screened for the presence of viral RNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Same samples were further processed for the isolation of virus by embryonated egg inoculation technique. Moreover, out of 507 samples, 479 serum samples were scrutinized by enzyme linked immunosorbent essay (ELISA). Sero-prevalence of AIV among different species of wild bird...
Ali Zaman1,*, Abdul Haleem1, Sajjad Ur Rahman2, Adnan Amin3 Asma Saeed1, Sana Ullah4 and Naimat Ullah4
... biosecurity and housing zones and non- significant (P>0.05) association with rearing system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first sero-prevalence report of avian influenza (H5) in broilers in these districts of the province. Necessary measures are required to overcome the situation and improve vaccination and hygiene.
...
Environmental Determinants of Zooplankton Community in the Damietta Estuary of the Nile River, Egypt
Wael S. El-Tohamy1,*, Russell R. Hopcroft2 and Nagwa E.M. Abdel Aziz3
...inity. The high salinity zone in the estuary downstream was dominated by the calanoid paracalanidae and the harpacticoid Euterpina acutifrons. In the lower salinity transects, the tintinnid Favella serrata dominated the estuary midstream, together with several rotifer species in the estuary upstream. The juvenile copepods and the cyclopoid Oithona spp. together with the numerically dominant polychaete and cirriped larvae seemed little affe...
Qaisar Jamal1, Muhammad Idrees1, Saif Ullah2, Muhammad Adnan1, Farrah Zaidi1, Qaiser Zaman1,3 and Syed Basit Rasheed1,*
Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Veraldo Liesenberg2 and Syed Shehzad Hassan1
...delineate the vulnerable zones for YSB attacks on rice crop using satellite thermal datasets. The area under investigation was 13700 km2 area out of which 8627 km2 was covered by rice plantations. Thermal datasets covered the area of 8627 km2 comprising 10663 pixels which returned 10663 spatially distributed temperature values. Six, thermal datasets were obtained for the duration between (April 03-June 22) 2014, with a temporal window of 16 days to delineate Y...
Sahar Naz1, Farhan Rasheed2, Muhammad Saeed3*, Shagufta Iram4 and Ambereen Anwar Imran5
...etection by EDTA method, zone size of Carbapenem disc only and Carbapenem disc impregnated with EDTA was compared ( >7 mm increase MβL positive, 0-5 mm increase MβL-negative).
Results: Out of total 12126 samples, 35.9% (n=4361) were culture positive and only 40.5% (n=1770) were Gram negative rods. Of these 9.6% (n=170) were Carbapenem-resistant isolates with 47% (n=80) MβL producers. Briefly 51.7% (n=30) Acinetobacter
Ayesha Noreen1, Dilara A. Bukhari2 and Abdul Rehman1,*
...industrial solvents and ozone. The processes running in the cell membranes, peroxisomes, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum also generate ROS. ROS can be activated by numerous external factors, and play an important role in cancer growth and metastasis. ROS and tumor cell interaction could activate the signalling pathways, promoting cell proliferation, invasion, inducing angiogenesis, inflammation and cellular transformation in cancer. A better understandi...
Muhammad Sarfraz*, Shahida Hasnain
...llin-Tazobactam, Cefoperazone-Sulbactam and Cefepime. The study elaborates recent trends in microbial profiles of pAmpC beta-lactamase producing pathogens in Lahore, Pakistan. This knowledge will enable the medical laboratories to report pAmpC β-lactamase detection accurately and support physicians to prescribe the appropriate antibiotics.
...
Muhammad Haroon Hullio1,4, Abdul Ghani Lanjar2, Abdul Rahman Dhuyo3, Imran Khattri4 and Agha Mushtaque Ahmed4*
...ree different ecological zones of Sindh province including Larkana, Jacobabad and Badin were selected. The study was based on a sample of 25 tillers covering all area from an acre in order to record the pest population randomly. Later, the pest population was also recorded at particular stages of rice (tillering, milking and booting) with effect of abiotic factors (temperature and relative humidity). In last, the varietal screening of 30 local rice varieties i...
Aftab Khan, Shahid Ali, Syed Attaullah Shah and Muhammad Fayaz
...rn, Central and Southern zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. 200 maize growers were randomly selected through multistage sampling technique. Primary data on net revenue from maize crop was collected through an interview schedule and secondary data on temperature and precipitation was collected from Regional Metrological Department, Peshawar. Cross sectional Ricardian Model was used to estimate the effect of temperature and precipitation on net revenue. Resu...
Imran Taj1,*, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Kamran Taj1, Deedar Ahmad2, Zahoor Ahmed2, Ghulam Mohammad2, Ajaz-ul-Haq1, Farooq Shahzad1 and Sabiha Azam3
...Kalat were more effected zones of the Balochistan province. Sheep were more effected (54.78 %) than goats (34.4 %). C. perfringens was identified through different biochemical tests and PCR. Based on length of synthesized fragments by PCR, toxin gens of alpha and epsilon types were detected. C. perfringens type D was sensitive to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin, while...
Fan Shuli1*, Ameer Hussain Jarwar1,3, Xiaoyan Wang2, Long Wang1 and Qifeng Ma1
...ional cotton cultivation zones which is facing a limited insect-pest-pressure. Moreover, water scarcity is extremely high temperature in the core zones colligate, which is already under observations where the temperature is extremely high. In Pakistan, closely 1.7 million peoples they are engaged in growing cotton crop. The farmers of Pakistan surveying and evolution for high quality of fiber and high quality of lint yield s...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4, Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...) located in the central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A total of 2400 large ruminants were sampled by convenience sampling approach and tested by comparative cervical intradermal tuberculin test (CCIT) for detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection. Data regarding socio-demographic status, risk factors and farming practices were gathered through a pre-form questionnaire. Results revealed that prevalence of bovine tuberculosis was 5.88%. S...
Zulqarnain and Zafar Iqbal*
...ed 9.20 ± 0.14 mm zone of inhibition at 1000 mg·L-1 against the Fusarium wilt. Based on its higher in vitro antifungal activity, in vivo screen house experiments were conducted. Plants given the treatment as Penicillium + Fusarium showed slight yellowing of the leaves after 60th days of cultivation. Present results may help in exploiting the Penicillium sp. extract for isolation and structural characterization of its antifungal compounds.
Asif Nawaz* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
... in four Agro-ecological zones of the province with the help of proportional allocation sampling method. Data from the respondents were collected through pretested and validated interview schedule. Data was analyzed using SPSS Ver.20. Mean, standard deviation, chi-square test and paired sample t-tests were calculated to achieve the study objectives. Results of the study revealed that Field Assistants were incompetent in competencies regarding record keeping on...
Farah Mansha, Abdul Rehman*
...se assay and diameter of zone of hydrolysis. All the isolates were identified as Bacillus sp. on the basis of biochemical tests, and showed optimum growth at 37°C and pH of 7. All the bacterial isolates showed highest enzyme activity at pH 7. Isolates H4 and M4 showed maximum enzyme activity at 55°C while H1 showed highest activity at 70°C. Chitinase activities exhibited by H1 and M4 are stimulated by the presence of Zn2+ ions, wh...
Asma Sohail1*, Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi1, Maryum Arif2 and Fatima Najam1
...d almost same inhibitory zone that showed its effective use in food. In general, results showed that encapsulation is an effective approach for protection of active ingredients of pumpkin seed oil. ...
Nadia Khan1*, Abdul Waheed1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Naveed Ahmed1, Zafar Iqbal2, Seemab Ali1, Madiha Bashir1 and Hina Gul3
...was measured in terms of zone of inhibition in millimeters. Amoxicillin was used as a positive control. The results showed that Clavibacter sp. and E. coli exhibit resistant to the oil extract while Xanthomonas sp. displayed nil results. The present study thus reveals that either the used bacterial species are more resistant strains or the oil extract does not possess anti-pathogenic agent against tested bacterial species. ...
Zubina Hameed1, Muhammad Azim Malik1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Farina Shaheen1, Ijaz Ahmad2 and Khisrao Kalim3
...a-1, Aim 40 DF (Carfentrazone ethyl) @ 0.05 Kg ha-1, Buctril-super 60 EC (Bromoxynil + MCPA) @ 0.750 L ha-1, Atlantis 3.6 WG (Mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron) @ 0.7 Kg ha-1, Sectril-M 40 EC (Bromoxynil + MCPA) @ 1.2 L ha-1, Brominal-M 40 EC (Bromoxynil + MCPA) @ 2.0 Kg ha-1 for controlling weeds in rainfed wheat. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) under split plot arrangement with three replications of each treatment. The wheat ...
Siddra Tayyab Akhtar, Anjum Nasim Sabri
Twitching, swimming, swarming in biofilm forming strains in response to chemical and physical factors
...reduction in diameter of zones of all motilities when the
concentration of NaCl increased in medium. Among chemical factors, tobramycin
was proven to have excellent efficiency to reduce bacterial motilites whereas
proteinase K enzyme showed weak antimotility effect against all tested bacterial
strains. From this study we proposed that instead of biofilm detachment by
expensive commercial detergents, we could change the physic...
concentration of NaCl increased in medium. Among chemical factors, tobramycin
was proven to have excellent efficiency to reduce bacterial motilites whereas
proteinase K enzyme showed weak antimotility effect against all tested bacterial
strains. From this study we proposed that instead of biofilm detachment by
expensive commercial detergents, we could change the physic...
Umair Talib1, Ijaz Ashraf2, Robert Agunga1 and Saleem Ashraf3*
... the ten agro ecological zones of the country. Rice, cotton and mix-cropping are practiced in these zones. The findings show that maintaining soil fertility and controlling livestock diseases were the main challenges resource-poor farmers face while water conservation and climate smart agricultural practices were proposed as the main mitigation strategies. Educating resource poor farmers on the causes and consequences of env...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Memoona Chaudhary2, Riaz Hussain3, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Madiha Khan6, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Mehtab Ahmad7, Muhammad Sajid Hasni2, Imran Qaiser8, Ghazanfar Rashid1, Ikramul Haq1 and Ikramullah Khan8
...distinct agro-ecological zones of Pakistan viz. Cholistan desert and Suleiman mountain range. A total of 768 lactating she-camels were screened for subclinical mastitis using California mastitis test (CMT). A preformed questionnaire was used to obtain data for the potential risk factors. Results showed an overall prevalence of 47.14% for subclinical mastitis. Statistical analysis revealed non-significant (P>0.05) difference between Chol...
Muhammad Furqan1, Usman Ali1,*, Anjum Ara1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Muhammad Siddique Awan3, Riaz Aziz Minhas3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmad3, Qamar Zaman Qamar4 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar5
...ties were sampled from 3 zones created in Mirpur district (Azad Jammu and Kashmir). Random transects of fixed length were laid and number of active burrows counted and habitat analysed using quadrat method. Mongoose was distributed with average population density of 9.8 animal/km2, with highest (17.8 animal/Km2) density at Kalyal and lowest (3.5 animal/km2) at Panyam. Most favored altitudinal range was 450 m to-550 m (asl). Pop...
Sabi-Ur-Rehman1, Anwar Khalid2, Qazi Najam Us Saqib3, Farooq Ahmad1, Shaheed-Ur-Rehman4, Neelam Zaman3, Ayeza Mehmood5 and Abdul Samad6*
... D. turcica. The maximum zones of inhibition, 23.00±0.56 mm and 25.00±0.50 mm was given by ethyl acetate fraction of leaves against P. fluorescens and A. niger respectively. The crude saponins isolated from leaves did not give significant results against the tested bacterial strains where as it was significantly active against fungal strains. The results were compared to standard drug, Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole which gave 30.0±0.0 mm a...
Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan, Urooba Pervaiz And Mehmood Iqbal
...e randomly selected from zone C i.e. Peshawar, Swabi and Mardan with the objective to investigate the information sources of extension agents, views of extension agents on adoption constraints and the extension methods used by them. All agricultural officers and 40% of field assistants were interviewed making a sample of 81 extension agents; 10 agricultural officers and 71 field assistants. The study results indicate that 77% field assistants were educated up ...
Kamran Zakaria1*, Noreen Munawar1 and Shafqat Ejaz2
...he basin) and Transition zone (central portion of basin), having both the frequencies are identified....
Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2
Muqader Shah1,*, Hafsa Zaneb2, Saima Masood2, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Salahud Din1, Shakirullah3, Imad Khan2, Ambrina Tariq4 and Habib ur Rehman5
...ted as T1, thermoneutral zone; T2, heat stressed (HS); T3, HS + zinc (Zn) supplementation (30 mg/kg); T4, HS + Zn (60 mg/kg); T5, HS + probiotic; T6, HS + probiotic + Zn (30 mg/kg); T7, HS+ Zn (60 mg/kg) + probiotic. The results revealed that muscle pH, muscle fiber diameter (MFD) and muscle fiber cross sectional area (MFCSA) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2 compared to all other treatments under HS. Drip losses was significantly (P<0.01) lower i...
Xu Lijie, Obaid Ullah, Liu Haixing, Ihsan Ali, Zhongshu Li* and Nan-Zhu Fang*
...o treatment with pioglitazone after H2O2 exposure promote embryo development, significantly decreased the ROS level, downregulates the expression levels of NOX2, DUOX1, and NOXA1, and upregulated the expression levels of PPARγ, Nrf2, and the antioxidant enzyme genes GPx3, GPx4, SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3. In conclusion, pioglitazone can reduce intracellular oxidative stress during in vitro development b...
Farhana Gul1*, Dawood Jan1 and Muhammad Ashfaq2
... from different climatic zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were measured in this study. TOA-MD model was used to measure the impact of climate change adaptation strategies. Adjustment in sowing time, improved fertilizer application method and increasing sowing densities were three-major adaptation practices whose benefits were analyzed. The adaptation results indicated that adopters of adaptation technology would range from 33 % to 74.47 % in Dera Ismail K...
Muhammad Adnan Islam1,2*, Muhammad Iqbal2, Zia-ul-Haq2,3, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Shabbir Ahmed Kalwar1, Liaqat Ali Shahid1, Badar Munir Khan Niazi1 and Muzammil Husain1
...nd 1.48 times more under zone disc tiller machine as compared with conventional tillage moisture content (9.07%), bulk density (1.14 g/cm3) and penetration resistance (519 kPa). Seedling emergence rate index (11.26 %), number of tillers/m2(372) and grain yield (2984.58 kg/ha) were also found 1.1, 1.14 and 1.00 times more under zone disc tiller drill as compared with conventional tillage emergence rate index (10.18 %), number...
Javed Asghar Tariq1*, Bashir Ahmed2, Manzoor Ali Abro2, Muhammad Ismail1, Muhammad Usman Asif1 and Raza Muhammad1
...ungus showing inhibition zone 4.09 -74.97%. Hence, on the basis of these studies, it can be concluded that these bacteria can be used as a biocontrol agent to manage other fungal diseases of agricultural crops also. ...
Sheng Niu1, Ali-Raza Jahejo1, Fa-jie Jia1, Xin Li1, Guan-bao Ning1, Ding Zhang1, Hai-li Ma1, Wei-fang Hao2, Wen-wei Gao1, Yu-jun Zhao1, Shi-min Gao1, Jian-hui Li1, Gui-lan Li1, Fang Yan1, Rong-kun Gao1, Huan-chun Chen1,3 and Wen-xia Tian1,*
...also exists in cartilage zone. It has recently been shown that chicken erythrocytes constitutively express toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines, and avian β-defensins (AvBDs). Host defense peptides (HDPs) are important effector molecules in innate immunity. In this study, thiram has been used to induce tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and the chickens were injected with different doses of recombinant glutathione-S-transferase A3 (rGSTA3) proteins. We explore...
Asim Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Aftab Khan1 and Raza Ullah2
...ifferent agro-ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The climatic and non-climatic variables employed for the study were area under maize, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and precipitation, respectively. For statistical analysis, panel data record for twenty years (1996-2015) across five districts of the province were scrape together from Development Statistic of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Bureau of Statistic and Pakistan Meteorological Department,...
Muhammad Yasin1, Romana Shahzadi1, Muhammad Riaz2, Mahideen Afridi2, Wajya Ajmal3, Obaid Ur Rehman2, Nazia Rehman3, Ghulam Muhammad Ali1,3, Muhammad Ramzan Khan1,2,3*
...ntal to fruit dehiscence zone and valve margin, respectively. The present study was envisaged to isolate the orthologs of SHPs and FUL from local canola “Pakola” and “Punjab Sarsoon 3”, and to study expression patterns of their transcripts. Morphological data revealed significant difference between pod wall thicknesses, seeds per pod and pod length between the two cultivars. PCR amplification and sequencing revealed that two products na...
Shumaila Sadiq1,2*, Abdul Saboor2, Fouzia Jamshaid3, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin2 and Azeem Khalid2
...ex among 9 agro-climatic zones of Pakistan by using data sets from PMD (1981-2010) and HIES (2010-11). Findings revealed that farmers in KPK and Balochistan were the most while farmers in Mixed Punjab and Cotton-Wheat Sindh were the least vulnerable to climate change. In depth analysis of variables of sub-indices suggested that weather related hazards, coupled with extreme cold and hot months were much higher in Punjab. Drought impact was found higher in KPK a...
Hui Wang1, Lin Wang1, Xuanlu Li1, Shanshan Li1, Yongqiang Zhao2, Shicheng Lv2, Xinrong Xu1, Guang Yang1 and Bingyao Chen1,*
...e function of the buffer zone of nature reserve is seldom evaluated in wildlife conservation. National Yancheng Rare Birds Nature Reserve is the largest coastal nature reserve in China. The environmental capacity of its core zone of 225.96 km2 area is approaching saturation, and more and more birds have begun to utilize the buffer zone. We conducted a line transect survey in Dec...
Rashid Iqbal1,2, Mathias Neumann Andersen1*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza2, Muhammad Adil Rashid1 and Salman Ahmad2
...it (DI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD) on physiological, water relations, water use efficiency (WUE), and yield related attributes of wheat. These irrigation treatments were started at anthesis stage and maintained for 30 days. For FI and DI, 100 and 50% of evapotranspiration (ET) was replaced by irrigating the entire pot surface every 4-5 days. For PRD, root system was split into two equal halves and during each irrigation event, only one-half of the root...
Aftab Khan1, Shahid Ali1, Murtaza1, Sufyan Ullah Khan2 and Syed Attaullah Shah1
...oss four agro-ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to analyze the allocative efficiency of inputs in maize production. This study employed a multistage stage sampling technique for choosing the sample size. The data was collected from 200 respondents using a well–designed interview schedule. Cobb-Douglas type production function was modelled to estimated allocative efficiencies of individual inputs used in maize production. The estimated allocative eff...
Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad2
...ntration low in the root zone when irrigation water is saline. In this experiment three types of water (canal, EC = 2 and 3 dS m-1) were used as such and with leaching fraction of 10 and 20 %. This experiment was conducted in the field and RCBD design was used to make its layout. All the treatments were replicated four times. Sorghum was used as test crop. Pre and post-harvest soil analysis was carried out for different physical and chemical characteristics. S...
Mohammed Al Bratty1,*, Hassan A. Alhazmi1,2, Desam Nagarjuna Reddy3, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab3, Sadique A. Javed1 and Zia ur Rehman1,4
... gram positive bacteria (zone of inhibition: 16.3±0.35–30.6±0.11 mm; MICs: 1–4 μg/ml); while gram negative bacteria (zone of inhibition: 10.1±0.23–17.2±0.13 mm; MICs: 4–16 μg/ml) and yeasts (zone of inhibition: 9.1±0.23–18.7±0.10 mm; MICs: 2–16 μg/ml) showed comparatively lower susceptibility to propolis...
Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Asma Ashraf 2*, Iram Liaqat2, Bushra Mazhar2, Shaukat Ali2 and Saiqa Andleeb3
...ethyl-amine (SAH-5) with zone of inhibition of about 16mm in diameter while the bacterial isolate Staphylococcus sp. (BS6) showed minimum sensitivity against Propyl-diamine (SAH-16) and Ethylamine cinnamaldehyde derivative (SAHC-7) compounds with 1mm diameter of zone of inhibition under optimum growth conditions i.e., optimum pH and temperature. Antibacterial activity of leaf extract of Azadirachta indica
Muhammad Mansoor1, Khalid Usman2*, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil3, Abdul Mateen Khattak4, Muhammad Ehsan Elahi1, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik2 and Amir Hamza2
Muhammad Naeem Khan* and Asad Jan
... and 20.6±0.53 mm zone of inhibition, respectively which was analogous to that of cefixime, used as standard drug. In case of antifungal activity MCE hindered the growth of Fusarium oxysporum effectively, causing 19.3±0.41 mm zone of inhibition, while the activity of other solvent was moderate. ...
Muhammad Israr* and Noor Khan
...al and Southern climatic zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The selected wheat growers were interviewed for data collection. Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted over the collected data-set to estimate a grower’s probability of adopting improved seed technology and quantify the role of FSC in adoption. Result confirms that membership in FSC was the most important determinant of improved wheat seed technology adoption. Head’s education level ...
Tanzeela Riaz, Fiza Sana-Ullah Khan, Farah Rauf Shakoori
...L-GN02) produced maximum zone of hydrolysis with maximum activity ratio. These isolates (MBL-SP02, MBL-CW01 and MBL-GN02) produced maximum units of mannanase activity, i.e., 9.474, 7.364 and 3.568 U/ml in quantitative, respectively.These best producers were further selected for optimization of cultural conditions for mannanase production. They all produced maximum mannanase units in M1 medium after incubation of 48 hours. The MBL-CW01 was best mannanase...
Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali2 and Muhammad Zulfiqar3
...s already a heat surplus zone). These trends are crucial in terms of disasters with likelihood of spring / monsoon floods and winter drought. ...
Ghulam Murtaza1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Fakhar Mujeeb2, Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Ayesha Zafar1
...buildup of salts in root zone, resulting in decreased yield and deterioration in soil resource. Continues use of organic manures, help in the reduction of salt concentration in the root zone. Organic matter was used to mitigate the negative effects of saline water irrigation using sorghum as test crop during summer, 2018. In this experiment water of 3 different types was applied coupled with addition of organic matter at 2 d...
Muhammad Sohail Memon1*, Khadim Ullah1, Altaf Ali Siyal1,2, Naimatullah Leghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto1, Syed Tahir Ata-ul-karim3, Muhammad Tahir4 and Noreena Memon1
...ater content in the root zone was also simulated by HYDRUS-2D. The results reveal that the salts moved upward to the top (upper layers) and concentrated at the center of the ridge for treatments T2 and T3 but leached down from the furrow bottom. Whereas, the simulations carried out by HYDRUS-2D model showed that with increasing size of raised bed, the center of the raised bed did not get the required quantity of water, hence remained unsaturated. Moreover, the...
Nurlybay Kazhgaliyev1*, Talgat Kulmagambetov2, Dulat Ibrayev1, Saule Bostanova1 and Zhanat Titanov1
...y or comfort temperature zone for Hereford and Aberdeen Angus breeds was within the range of +19-2 +27-31ºC. Analysis of ethology of animals showed that all groups had 0.19 functional activity index; as for the other indices, animals of group I and II groups (Hereford heifers) had a comparative advantage, they were more active and spent more time in moving and feed eating. Taken together, different breeds can be acclimatised and adapted to the varying cli...
Muhammad Usman* and Sajjad Ahmad
...rom different ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan in 2018. In this paper, Chablisea imbiba and Chablisea condimenta are described for the first time from Pakistan. Morphological description is provided and elucidated with digital images. ...
Stanley Uchenna Onwudike* and Vivian Chizoba Edoziem
...soils away from the root zone) from the experimental plots that were planted with bean, groundnut and okra were sampled, air dried and analyzed in the laboratory. Results showed significant effect (p = 5%) on soil moisture content, soil pH, organic carbon and exchangeable bases between the bulk soil and the rhizosphere. The highest value of saloid bound P (7.77 mg/kg) was found within the bean root zone while the highest val...
Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Gul Bahar Khaskheli3, Allah Jurio Khaskheli2 and Arshad Ali Khaskheli1
...a of Mithi (sandy desert zone), Tando Allahyar (irrigated zone) and Thatta (coastal mangroves zone) of Sindh province. The attributes like major nutrients (moisture, dry matter, total organic matter, inorganic/mineral matter (ash), ether extract, crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen free extract and total carbohydrate contents) were included. Comprehensive survey indicated year round avail...
Saima Asad1*, Irfan Ahmad Baig2, Abdul Saboor3 and Rashid Mahmood4
...pectrum in agro-climatic zones of Punjab and their representative districts by using cross sectional data of HIES/PSLM of last 10 years from 2005-2006 to 2015-16. By developing an axiomatic framework 3 most widely used inequality measures (Gini-coefficient, Atkinson Measure and Generalized Entropy Index) have been estimated for uni-dimensional inequality while a single measure of Araar (2009) is used for the assessment of multidimensional inequality. Calculate...
Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2 and Farhan Anwar Khan2
...ally used in the central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. A total of 1225 cattle and 1175 buffaloes of more than one year were studied for the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis. A total of 1608 milk samples (793 from cattle and 815 from buffaloes) were collected from already PPD (purified protein derivatives) tested lactating animals aseptically. The data obtained were finally analyzed statistically using chi squared test. The Mycobacterium was ident...
Muhammad Rafay1,*, Ghafoor Ahmad1, Tahira Ruby2, Muhammad Abdullah3, Fahad Rasheed4, Muhammad Abid1, Sohail Akhtar5, Zulfiqar Ahmad6 and Riaz Hussain7
Muhammad Shuaib Khan1, Shakeeb Ullah1, Nisha. A.R2, Muhammad Umar3, Muhammad Inamullah Malik1*, Syed Muhammad Kamal Shah1, A. Zaman1, Shakir Ullah1, Imdad Ullah1, Sumera Ali Khan4
Cornelius Arome Omatola*, Samson Daniel Iyeh, Shedrach James Abuh, Charles Kehinde Mofolorunsho, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo and Phoebe Queen Akoh
Ambrin1*, Ghulam Dastagir1, Jehan Bakht2 and Muhammad Adil1
...measured the highest zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. The MIC values of ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of Z. mauritiana var. spontanea were the lowest for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Shigella flexneri and Staphylococcus aureus. Highest zone of inhibition against Kleb...
Fermín López-Uriostegui1, Jesus T. Ponce-Palafox2*, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso1, María R. Castañeda-Chávez1, Itzel Galaviz-Villa1, Sergio Castillo-Vargasmachuca2 and Arturo Ruiz Luna3
...‰) in subtropical zones.
...
Iram Fatima1*, Imran Pasha1, Ambreen Saddozai2, Shahid Nadeem3, Amer Mumtaz4 and Saqib Jabbar4
...bad, Pakistan. The three zones of city were selected for the purpose of sample collection. Mean prevalence of E. coli 61.7% was indicated by Spread plate method. Prevalence of Total plate count checked and pathogenic count was calculated in CFU/g and CFU/ml, mean CFU for E. coli and TPC was (3.39×104 to 3.15×105). Total 47.9% samples of spices were found adulterated for eight differen...
Abdus Salam* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...for the current study, 3 zones from 5 were purposively selected on the basis of their different agricultural condition. Selection of sample size was made using Yamane formula. The number of respondents as per formula was confined to 188 respondents in district Mansehra, 153 respondents in district Swabi and 59 respondents from district Karak, where data were collected randomly. Five point Likert scale was used to record responses of the respondents. The result...
M. Rufai1† , A. A.Wahab2 , Q. O. Adeshina1 , J. C. Umehokoh1 and O. O.Ologunro1
Occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria
...the different senatorial zones was determined: soil samples from the Central zone recorded the lowest prevalence 87.50% while the soil samples from Western senatorial zone revealed 91.43% presence of the EPNs. The highest frequency of occurrence of EPNs94.29% was recorded in the soil samples from Eastern senatorial zone. Nematode distribution and frequen...
Daulat Khan1*, Khizar Azam2, Noor Muhammad Khan1, Muhammad Israr1, Naeem Ejaz3
ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER FOR DISPOSAL IN ACCORDANCE WITH NEQS CRITERIA AND ITS REUSE FOR IRRIGATION WITH DILUTION
...es
and Industrial zones, which are continuously disposing off their untreated wastewater to the natural water bodies. In
this study Laboratory investigations on 5 composite samples were carried out. Total of 19 parameters were analyzed
including Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical
Oxygen demand (COD), Sulfide, Fluoride, Lead, Nickel, Boron, Copper, Iron, Zinc, Manganes...
and Industrial zones, which are continuously disposing off their untreated wastewater to the natural water bodies. In
this study Laboratory investigations on 5 composite samples were carried out. Total of 19 parameters were analyzed
including Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical
Oxygen demand (COD), Sulfide, Fluoride, Lead, Nickel, Boron, Copper, Iron, Zinc, Manganes...
Muneeb Abrar1, Shabbir Majeed Chaudhry2
DESIGN OF A LOW NOISE, LOW POWER AND SPURIOUS FREE PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR AND CHARGE PUMP FOR PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS
...inimizes the
dead zone and eliminates the reset path to reduce the delay. The output is passed through a buffer to suppress the
distortion and to reduce the overall output noise. Phase noise has been reduced to -156 (dBc/Hz) at 1 MHz offset
frequency. A simple current mirror based charge pump circuit is presented next. The charge pump design incorporates
the use of transmission gates and transistors as capacitors to reduce switching...
dead zone and eliminates the reset path to reduce the delay. The output is passed through a buffer to suppress the
distortion and to reduce the overall output noise. Phase noise has been reduced to -156 (dBc/Hz) at 1 MHz offset
frequency. A simple current mirror based charge pump circuit is presented next. The charge pump design incorporates
the use of transmission gates and transistors as capacitors to reduce switching...
M. Nafees*, Bushra Khan*, Robina Naz*
STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SAFETY IN STEEL RE-ROLLING MILL WITH REFERENCE TO HIGH NOISE LEVEL AND TEMPERATURE
...ise level at all factory zones was significantly different than that of administration section with a p-value < 0.0001. The re-rolling noise level was found to be extremely significant, followed by furnace and unloading section. Likewise the indoor factory heat level is also significant from outside air temperature. The interview survey revealed that the workers exposed to these chronic conditions in the factory are suffering from post work irritability, he...
Amjad Ali*, Amir Nawaz Khan*, Atta-ur-Rahman*, Muhammad Saeed*
ANALYSIS OF SITE, SITUATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON RESETTLEMENT OF PROPOSED NEW BALAKOT TOWN, PAKISTAN: AN EX POST EVALUATION OF 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE
...s been declared as a red zone and for resettlement new Balakot town was proposed at Bakryal. There is uncertainty about the resettlement. The new Balakot town attract the low income and servant class of the old Balakot town for residential purposes. However, the politicians, businessmen and landlords of the community are fear to suffer. As a result, these groups resist the process of resettlement. This uncertainty about the resettlement is the p...
Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Usman Ali Naeem*, Muhammad Ali Shamim*, Usman Ghani* and Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*
INVESTIGATION TO CHECK THE FEASIBILITY OF COMPOSTING FOR SMALL CITIES IN DEVELOPING WORLD: A CASE STUDY OF TAXILA CITY
... of dwellers, with these zones named as poor, average, and rich. A total of fifty, thirty and fifteen sampling sites are selected from each of these zones respectively. Solid waste samples are collected from the selected sites for a week on daily basis, which are then analyzed to find their composition and are recorded accordingly for each zone. The analyses of collected sam...
Rashidullah*, Irshad Ahmad**
SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS OF ISLAMABAD
...four (04) seismic source zones. The attenuation equation of Boore and Atkinson 2008 next generation attenuation (BA08 NGA) has been used for the determination of the ground motion parameters. Maximum PGA of 0.49g by BA08 NGA obtained for Islamabad at rock site due to Main Boundary Thrust (MBT). In PSHA using the Crisis-2007 software, PGA values with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years i.e. the return period of 475 years have been dete...
Zakeer Ahmed Khan Abbasi* and Allah Nawaz
..., the role of geographic-zones and respondents’ educational level has also been found significant. Therefore, more efforts, if directed, to enhance climate change awareness through dissemination of authentic and need based information, would significantly help farmers to undertake more relevant, effective and efficient adaptation measures, thereby, contributing in increasing the agriculture yield and reduce losses. However, imprudent projection of climat...
Tao He1,2,3, Cheng-jing Chen4, Jian-guang Qin3, Yun Li1,2, Rong-hua Wu1,2 and Tian-xiang Gao4,*
...Sea. As the distribution zones of these five stocks are much overlapped, principal component analysis for otolith shape is not possible to distinguish L. haematocheilus stocks. Based on the Fourier coefficient, Fisher’s discriminant analysis accurately classified 76.2% specimens into correct stocks whereas the discriminant function of shape indices only correctly identified 62.8% specimens into right stocks. As the sagittae in L. ...
Tahseen Ullah* and Noor ul Amin
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts
...he ANOVA for inhibitions zones indicates the effect of plants, bacteria strains, and concentration on growth of bacteria in the bacteria growth culture medium and their interactions. The plants crude extracts were having significant effects on the bacterial growth in bacteria growth medium while bacterial strains and concentrations have also significant affected the bacteria growth and zone of inhibitions by different concen...
Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Subhan1, Muhammad Nisar2, Ali Hazrat2, Zahid Fazal1, Gul Rahim2, Imran Ahmad1, Riaz ul Haq1 and Shamia Bibi1
Genetic Diversity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarus L.) Collected from Different Ecological Zones of Malakand Division (A Part of the Sino Japanese Region of Pakistan)
... from diverse ecological zones of Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The qualitative traits showed significant level of diversity like seed shape was determined by two alleles, seed color was defined by 13 numbers of alleles and four alleles were responsible for flower color. Similarly, the quantitative traits showed 73% diversity in the parameters studied. However, it was different in individual characters. In overall, 59% of the yield contribut...
Imtiaz Hussain1, Azhar Mahmood Aulakh2, Muhammad Sohail1*, Khalid Hussain2, Ansaar Ahmed3, Abdul Hamid3 and Muhammad Imtiaz3
Impact of Zero Tillage on Productivity of Traditional Mung Bean-Wheat Cropping System of Punjab, Pakistan
...Mung bean-Wheat cropping zone to evaluate zero tillage based crop production system in comparison to the traditional tillage. The findings revealed that zero tillage produced 13% and 9 % higher wheat and mung bean yield, correspondingly in comparison to conventional tillage practice. This improvement in grain yield with zero tillage can be linked to better germination. Adoption of zero tillage planting technique reduced total cost of production by Rs. 6236 ha-...
Yahui Wang1, Ling Ren1, Yishen Xing1, Xin Hu1, 2, Qian Li1, Lingyang Xu1, Junya Li1* and Lupei Zhang1*
...in 4 (BMP4) and rosiglitazone during differentiation were studied. Comparing with control group, progenitor cells treated with BMP4 or rosiglitazone accumulated more intracellular lipid. Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of adipocyte-specific genes also increased significantly in BMP4 or rosiglitazone treated cells. The result indicated that BMP4 and rosiglita...
Xuya Zhou1, Ying Liu1, Deqin Xu1, Jie Bao1, Yaru Cao2 and Yong Jin3*
...idine diketone: rosiglitazone, selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors: rofecoxib, celecoxib. This study was aimed to find out whether unification of two drugs would increase cardiovascular side effects. Type 2 diabetic rat model was induced through feeding with fodder containing high sugar and lipid and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The adjuvant-induced arthritis model was established by Paraffin/BCG. We used western blot to explore the pro...
Sidra Shehzadi, Sher Bahadar Khan*, Umar Sadique and Saqib Nawaz
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Clostridium perfringens Type D in Goats in District Peshawar
...ally from four different zones of district Peshawar during the period of February, 2019 to April, 2019. C. perfringens Type D was confirmed through bacterial culturing, Gram staining, biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . Results revealed that 25 feacal samples collected from suspected goats were positive for C. perfringens Type D and the overall prevalence of enterotoxaemia in goats in district Peshawar was 25%. The prevale...
Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon, Randeep Kaur Aulakh and Tejdeep Kaur Kler
...g in three agro climatic zones. A total of 51 bird species belonging to 31 families and 15 orders were recorded from studied locations. A diverse range of vegetation distribution was observed with 12 weed species, 22 tree species and three crops near the ponds. Avian species richness index was found positively correlated high with the occurrence of bird species in the habitat, rather than their individuals. The results of this study indicated that vegetation c...
Said Sajjad Ali Shah1*, Muhammad Ilyas Khan1, Aziz Ullah1, Hayat Ullah2 and Faisal Ahmad2
Coprological Examination of Small and Large Ruminants in Central Zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...rge ruminants in central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a total of 1700 fecal samples were received from central districts and processed for coprological examination. Out of 1700 samples, 947 samples (55.7%) were positive for intestinal parasites. Specie wise prevalence of GI parasites was recorded as 51.5% in cows, 58.3% in buffalo, 73.9 % in sheep and 68.5% in goats. Trichostrongylus (32.8%) was recorded as highly prevalent in cattle followed ...
Nowsher Yousaf1*, Bushra Khan1, Dennis Flanagan2 and Ishaq Ahmad Mian3
...erent vegetation density zones i.e. dense forest, moderate forest and agriculture land. Results showed that the amount of rainfall, soil texture and soil infiltration capacity were important factors affecting soil erosion. The sandy clay loam soils of dense forest lands had a relatively small intensity of erosion (2.1 mm.yr-1) due to mean annual rainfall of 31.46 mm.yr-1 with high soil infiltration capacity value of 19.8 cm/h while the sa...
Amjad Ali, Kafeel Ahmad*and Shaista Rahat
...ikacin (66.84%), cefoperazone (66.31%), carbenicillin (66.31%), gentamicin (64.7%), tobramycin (64.7%), aztreonam (52.4%), ticarcillin (42.78%), ceftriaxone (32.08%), cefotaxime (15.5%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (6.41%). A total of 36.89% (n=69) isolates showed multi drug resistance. The MAR index of 34.22% (n=64) isolates was higher than 0.2. Phenotypic ESBL production was observed in 21.39% (n=40) isolates. Prevalence of blaOXA-10, blaCTX-M, blaTEM and bl...
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Jahangir Shah1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Sami Ullah2,3, Hera Gul4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Zeshan6
...ght: normal;">Among arid zone plant species, Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), being an evergreen, perennial, multi-stemmed, and multipurpose plant has attracted wide attention due to its economic value, potential by-products and ability to withstand vagaries of the desert environment. By realizing the economic importance of this high-value desert plant, a pioneer study on seed germination response to various agro-climatic factors was conducted at the Arid...
Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir2*, Shanza Ahmed3, Muhammad Amjad Bashir1, Shahbaz Ali1, Syeda Amber Hameed4, Munaza Batool5, Irfan Ahmed6 and Muhammad Naeem Khan7
Kamran Baksh Soomro1*, Sina Alaghmand2, Sanyogita Andriyas3, Muhammad Rehmatullah Khan4, Naveedullah5 and Amin Talei6
...cumulation in the wetted zone in both scenarios. Nevertheless, salts deposited at the wetted periphery at all three sampling depths, under both irrigation treatments, after the crop end. The benefit-cost Ratio (BCR) per hectare in season 1 was 1.90 and 1.69 under IT1 and IT2, respectively. While for season 2, the BCR was 1.89 and 1.59 under IT1 and IT2,respectively. In terms of crop yield, overall, IT1 sho...
Asma Chaudhary1, Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad1, Afia Muhammad Akram1, Sadia Roshan2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3*
...aximum growth inhibition zones i.e., 15 and 17 mm by Sphingomonas sp. AsCh-P3 and Bacillus aerius AsCh-A7 respectively. Six probiotic bacterial isolates of known enumeration (C.F.U.ml-1) showed growth antagonism for the fish pathogen with inocula comprising of less number of C.F.U.ml-1. Highest survival rates i-e 63.5 and 70.17% were expressed by Sphingomonas sp.AsCh-P3 and B. aerius AsCh-A7 respe...
Saira Batool1, Safdar Ali Shirazi1 and Syed Amer Mahmood2*
... 13.44% in highly eroded zones of the total Chakwal watershed area. Chakwal watershed is a rainfed and semi-arid with a drainage contributing area of 6524 km2. The RUSLE factors were calculated through vulnerable erosion zones remote sensing datasets demarcated by GIS. Computed soil erodibility, rainfall erodibilty, topographic-length-slope, crop management and conservation factor reveal interesting results and ar...
Saqib Nawaz1, Sher Bahadar Khan1*, Umar Sadique1, Muhammad Israr2,
Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Hameed Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Irshad5, Ihsan Ali1 and Haq Aman Ullah1
...ambs from four different zones of district Peshawar. Isolates were morphologically, biochemically and molecularly confirmed through Gram staining, gelatin liquefaction test (GLT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Out of total, 85 (31.3%) were positive for C. perfringens type D on PCR. The results revealed 6-34% prevalence of C. perfringens type D in different regions. Similarly, significantly (P˂0.001) higher prevalence w...
Muhammad Adnan Islam1*, Zia-Ul-Haq2, Rana Shahzad Noor2, Matiullah Khan4, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Zulfiqar Ali3, Asif Ali Mirani3, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Muzammil Husain1 and Badar Munir Khan Niazi1
...fferent location of arid zone of Chakwal. Comparative field testing of three drills shows that FBPD gives significantly more yield as compared to zero till drill and Rabi drill. The effect of fertilizer band placement on all above-mentioned parameter was more pronounced over other two drills, when half bag of DAP was applied. The half bag DAP applied with fertilizer band placement drill gave 24.30% and 21.38% increased grain yield over zero-drill and farmers p...
Syed Ismat Hussain1, Muhammad Ramzan Asi1, Habbib Anwar1, Faqeer Ahmad1, Ateeq ur Rehman2*, Muhammad Shahid3, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Ummad ud Din Umar2, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4, Memuna Ijaz1 and Hafiz Usman Shakir1
... in different ecological zones using Analysis of Variance and Tukey multiple comparison means tests indicated a 95 % reduction in moth trap catches from July to October, in all the tested ecological zones. The percentage flower and boll damage in the control fields was significantly higher than those in the PB ropes fields. There were no significant differences in moth catches, rosette flower percentage or left over boll dam...
Allah Bakhsh1, Attiq Akhtar1*, Fiaz Hussain1 and Shabbir Ahmed2
Suman Bhattarai1*, Subodh Raj Pandey2, Jaya Prakash Dutta3, Meghnath Timalsena4 and Rajendra Bam5
...eepers registered in bee zone, Chitwan. They were selected for interview by simple random sampling technique. Interview using semi-structured questionnaire schedule was carried out for primary data. Cobb Douglas production function, multiple regression, and paired t-test were used for the analysis of collected data. Multiple regression model revealed that family labor (p=0.68), age(p=0.007), family size (p=0.001), experience (p=0.007), harvesting (p=0.000) and...
Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Abdul Moeez1, Humaira Ramzan1, Mudassar Hafeez1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Aneela Riaz3, Sher Muhammad4 and Muhammad Latif4
...erformed in the research zone of Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences during the summer, 2018 in College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan. In the present study growth response of rice under normal and saline soil conditions was checked using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) under divided plot arrangements with nine treatments and three replications was used. Rice plants were grown in plots having normal soil (EC = 2.32...
Chala Hailu Hussen and Fikiru Temesgen Geleta
...f selected Western Shewa zone districts, namely Ejersa-Lafo, and Bako-Tibe. Data was emanated from primary sources, which administrated by semi-structured questionnaire using personnel interview. On top of this, the focus group discussion was carried out on particular topics to supplement primary data source discussions. Both descriptive statistics and a probit regression model was employed for analysis. The descriptive statistics revealed that 127 sampled far...
Muhammad Qaddafi Khan Wali, Arif Alam* and Ikram Shah
...e very low, the mountain zones experience the ill effects of food insecurity. This study scrutinizes food security status in the mountainous territories of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and proposes actions to achieve food security. A contextual investigation of 3 tehsils, situated in all the Haveli area, was led and an all-out number of 351 sampled households were reached through a simple random sampling strategy using a structured questionnaire as a tool for collec...
Muhammad Sarfraz1*, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi4, Abdul Rasool Naseem1, Sarfraz Hussain1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1 and Muhammad Rizwan1
... in different ecological zones with salt affected soils with variety of saline water may be grown to confer these approaches. ...
Hussan Ara Begum1, Muhammad Hamayun1, Noor Shad1, Waqar Khan3, Jawad Ahmad1, Muhammad Ezaz Hasan Khan2, David Aaron Jones2 and Kishwar Ali2*
...to the depletion in the ozone layer, solar UV radiation at the earth’s surface is increasing, impacting economically important plants. The current study assesses the effects of UV radiation on germination, growth, chlorophyll content and fresh and dry weight of Brassica rapa L. and Eruca sativa L. Some seeds of Brassica rapa L. and Eruca sativa L. were placed in petri plates, and were exposed to UV light for 30, 60 and 120 mins daily. The source of UV li...
Muhammad Shahzad1*, Syed Amer Mahmood2, Athar Ashraf3, Amer Masood2 and Saira Batool4
...taxis as active tectonic zones. The areas which include, Shawar, Haramosh, Kachura, Astak Nala, Gilgit, Skardu, Astore, Sai Nala Jaglot, Gunar and Gorikot are highly vulnerable to active tectonic deformation. This research concludes that the TSR and DD techniques are potential markers for the demarcation of active vulnerable zones that may threaten the life lines in the socio economic context. ...
Iftikhar Jan* and Sahib Alam
...from four agroecological zones (AEZ) i.e., AEZ-A, AEZ-B, AEZ-C and AEZ-D of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The mycological analysis of the samples demonstrated that the highest population of Aspergillus section Flavi was existed in soil (n = 236) than in maize grain samples (n = 198). Across all the four zones, the highest population of Aspergillus section Flavi was observed in AEZ-C (n = 115) whereas the lowe...
A. B. Badr1 ; M. A. S. El-kady2; and Kh. E. A. Saker2
...
thickness of midrib zone was slightly reduced. Moreover, vascular tissues lost their
normal shape and arrangement as xylem arms. The most interesting finding, lengths
of both , protoxylem and metaxylem were reduced while their widths were increased.
Ultrathin sections of symptomatic leaf tissue showed several cytological changes
characteristic of Potyviruses. The thlakoidal structure of the chloroplastes bec...
Badr, A. B. 1, Abou-zeid, A. A2. and Al-Naggar, A. M1.
...f thickness both, midrib zone, leaflet blade, upper epidermal layer, palisade and spongy tissues, length and width of protoxylem and metaxylem vessels were reduced. However, lower epidermal layer was increased. Stomatal characters i.e. number of stomata and length of stoma pore were increased, while, width of stoma pore, length and width of guard cells were reduced. Anatomical characters of tubers i.e. thickness cork layers was slightly increased, however, its...
Zain-Ul-Aabdin Abro1*,Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2 and Niaz Hussain Khuhro2
...lis in both climatic zones shown a similar pattern during the study with a major peak in August in off seasoned guava. Whereas decreased population of Bactrocera flies were obtained in the month of January in Larkana (16.5±1.18, 12.9±1.47) and Hyderabad (19.3±1.28,13.4±1.39) regions, respectively. The abundance of fruit flies showed a significant correlation with temperature and slight negative relativity with humidity. T...
Ahmed K. El-Attar1, Samah A. Mokbel1 and Om-Hashem M. EL-Banna2
...ells and necrosis in the zone of vascular cells. On the basis of mechanical
transmission, symptoms induced were similar to those caused by AMV. Presence of AMV in
basil plant was further confirmed by the results obtained from the laboratory-based techniques
such as (DAS)-ELISA, and RT-PCR using a pair of primers specific to the AMV-CP gene.
Phylogenetic analysis results indicated that AMV-Egypt that isolated from...
Ahmed A. ElWakil1, Ausama A. Yousif2 , Adel A. Fayed3, Ibrahim M. elsabagh2, Mahmoud
El Gamal2, Omnia H. Refaei3
...in a previously infected zone. LSDVspecific
PCR was used to detect LSDV in sampled ticks. PCR-positive tick samples were subject to a
modified RT-PCR assay to detect the polyadenylated LSDV DNA polymerase mRNA. Metagenomics
analysis using MinIon technology was used to generate LSDV sequences and to investigate relative
abundance of LSDV sequences in the sampled tick population compared to other known organisms
Ameer Hamza1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor Us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Muhammad Luqman2,*
...ifferent agro-ecological zones and for other field crops will be required for future implementation....
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Potential of the Roots of Berberis brevissima Jafri. (Berberidaceae)
Zain Ullah1*, Anwar Ali Shad1 and Saqib Ali2
...lts ranged from 10-18 mm zone of inhibition. The GC-MS analysis of the six oil sub-fractions (H-1 to H-6) confirmed the existence of linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid in the highest amount....
Rosidah Rosidah1*, Angga Nugraha1, Yuli Andriani1, Kiki Haetami1, Olga Anne2 and Agus Heri Purnomo3
...acterial with inhibition zone diameter reaching 20.49 mm at a concentration of 5 000 mg kg–1 and LC50 test 48 h (in vivo test) of 1 157.16 mg kg–1, so for the treatment of fish use concentrations below that concentration. The use of aloe vera extract with a concentration of 300 mg kg–1 for 48 h was effective to treat koi fry infected with A. hydrophila by healing relatively fast...
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Mohammad Nafees2, Tooba Saeed3, Khaliq Ur Rahman4 and Adila Bashir2
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Iram Liaqat*, Junaid Nadeem, Hammad Aamir and Shaukat Ali
...ere increased inhibition zones were observed against all three bacteria. This study suggested that spider silk does possess antibacterial potential, however, this is not an intrinsic property and is type specific as well as species specific. Use of spider silk for coating of medical devices such as stents and catheters can decrease transmission of pathogenic bacteria forming biofilms as well as aid in wound healing....
Jialiang Han1, Guohou Liu1*, Wenke Bai2,3, Qixian Zou4, Ye Cao5, Caiquan Zhou2,3*, and Guy Michael Williams6
... road “road-effect zone” was estimated to be 1400m, shorter than the maximum daily travel distance of the François’ langur. Therefore, we suggest that an important conservation intervention for supporting the persistence of the species should involve controlling the expansion of road construction to minimize the impacts of human disturbances on the langurs.
...
Milkessa Wakjira, Fikiru Temesgen*, Chala Hailu and Dabesa Wegari
Kirshan Chand1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro3, Sohail Ahmed Otho1 and Jamal-U-Din Hajano4
...samples fell under mixed zones, therefore, the groundwater found neither anion dominant nor cation dominant, but Na-Cl type. The results further revealed that 95% of water samples (38) were alkaline in nature and unfit for dilution purposes of insecticide including Abamectin, Cyromazine, Fluvalinate, Imidacloprid, Methiocarb and Spiromesifen. Moreover, all the samples were exceeding the permissible pH level of 4.0 to 6.5 required for the mixing of commonly use...
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Muhammad Sallam Shahzad2, Farhat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Luqman1, Usman Saleem3 and Shoaib Nasir4
...ity residing in the rice zone. Public sector advisory services are considered as a pillar for agricultural crop productivity; therefore, the present study was designed to explore the role of public sector advisory services for rice productivity as perceived by the farming community in the Narowal District. A multi-stage sampling technique was used for this study; firstly, one tehsil out of three tehsils i.e. Narowal, Shakargarh, and Zafarwal was selected, seco...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Khushi Muhammad2,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal3
...BW) and NSAID (phenylbutazone @ 8mg/kg BW) after every 8 h and immune booster (Selevit® @ 20ml) daily by IV route. The members in groups B were treated similarly except that they were not given immune booster. Both groups were treated for three consecutive days. The effectiveness of a particular treatment regime was evaluated on the basis of disappearance of clinical biomarkers, while values of BEF positive animals’ hematological and serum...
Farah Deeba1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Muhammad Irfan2, Muhammad Khan1 and Javed Iqbal Qazi1*
...ed on the bases of clear zone on CPM following chitinase assay. The best chitinase producer was selected and identified as Bacillus subtilis employing 16S rRNA gene sequence identification technique. B. subtilis yielded highest chitinase on CPM at pH 7 with 3% inoculum size after incubating at 37 °C for 3 days. Plackett-Burman design was used for screening of medium components. The optimization of concentration of significantly impacted mediu...
Stephen Chijioke Emencheta1, Chinelo Charity Eze1, Anthony Amaechi Attama2, Damian Ejike Agbo1 and Ebele Benedette Onuigbo1*
...mation of plaques (clear zone) on the lawn of Pseudomonas spp confirmed lytic action. The bacteriophage showed plaques on Pseudomonas sp. isolated from other sites also. The isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosaphages from residential wastewaters is a promising molecular tool in combating the global antimicrobial resistance threat....
Oce Astuti1, La Sara2*, Muzuni3 and Safilu4
...cteristics of intertidal zone (station A), river mouth (station B), sea grass (station C), and water depth of > 30 m (station D) using collapsible crab pots and gillnets were recorded, identified its species, sexed, counted its number, and analyzed its spatial and temporal CC and SR. The Chi-square test (α = 0.05) was used to test significant differences of expected 1: 1 SR. It was 12 DC species had been identified which BSCs were found at the entire ...
Maid Zaman1*, Imtiaz Ali Khan1, Amjad Usman1 and Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi2
Anjum Ara1, Usman Ali1, Muhammad Furqan2*, Zulfiqar Ali2,
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmed4,
Riaz Aziz Minhas4, Waqar Ahmed2, Zakir Hussain2 and Mian Aman Ullah2
...s divided in three study zones (Mirpur, Dadhyal and Chakswari) along the Jhelum river and further sub-divided into 18 localities. Line transect, hand capture, visual survey, tracking, trapping methods were applied to collect data related to diversity, distribution, density and questionnaire method applied to assess threats. Analysis of data revealed that four freshwater turtle species including Indian flapshell turtle (Lissemys punctate), Indian narrow headed ...
Junaid Ahmad1*, Shazma Anwar1, Anwar Ali Shad2, Sher Shah Souri1, Bibi Amina3, Wajia Noor4, Abidullah1 and Muhammad Adil1
...ivity in agro ecological zone of study area....
Bikash Puri1, Anil K. Tiwary2, Bharata Regmi3,4, Dinesh K. Singh1, Doj R. Khanal5 and Manoj K. Shah3*
... different agro-climatic zones at the species level and to serotype the BTV prevalent in the study areas....
Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Mushtaq Ali2, Tahira Tabassum3 and Adnan Bashir1
...wala rice-wheat cropping zone. Among all varieties, NIAB Basmati 2016 produced the greatest plant height. However, Kissan Basmati and NIAB Basmati 2016 matured earlier while Super Basmati matured at last. The highest productive tillers and grains number per panicle were produced by Super Basmati and Chenab Basmati, respectively; however, maximum 1000-grain weight was produced by Noor Basmati and PK-1121 Aromatic. Among all varieties, the Chenab Basmati was hig...
Treatment Approaches of Ovine Fungal Diseases using Antibiotics and Ethnoveterinary Medicinal Plants
Djadouni Fatima* and Meliani Amina
...ns compared to temperate zones and Saharan zones. So through this review article, we try to show the different ancient and modern methods of treating these diseases and to share them with other societies....
Stephen Chijioke Emencheta1, Anthony Amaechi Attama2, Ezinwanne Nneoma Ezeibe1, Adaora Angela Agubata1 and Ebele Benedette Onuigbo1*
...mation of plaques (clear zones of inhibition) on the lawn of the plates of Escherichia coli was confirmed. The isolation of Escherichia coli phages from residential and farm wastewaters is a promising molecular tool for E. coli tracking in the environment....
Muhammad Tahir Latif1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Ayesha Latif2, Majid Hamid Bajwa1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Ali Zohaib1, Naeem Faisal1 and Muhammad Hamza3
...ing system of Gujranwala zone, Pakistan during Kharif season 2020 to estimate the economic viability and profitability analysis of mechanically transplanted rice (MTR) in comparison to conventional manual transplanting (CT). Convenience and snow-ball non probability sampling method was used due to less adoption rate of MTR with a sample size of 240. Among targeted MTR growers 72% had 6-row riding type mechanical transplanters (MT), 18% had 4-row walk after typ...
Judith Kiptoo1*, Daniel Mutisya2, Paul Ndegwa1, Ruth Amata3, Lucy Irungu4 and Rotich Godfrey5
...itrus growing ecological zones in Kenya. The identified species were Meloidogyne incognita, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Helicotylenchus dihystera and, Pratylenchus brachyurus. The most abundant species in all the surveyed localities was T. semipenetrans. Factor regression analysis results showed that modest rainfall amounts favoured high density populations of PPNs on citrus roots where soil types of Rackers in Baringo and Luvisols, Ferralsols and Cambisols in ...
Nkiru E. Ekechukwu, Felicia N. Ekeh, Chinenye M. Ohanu, Hope C. Ezinwa and Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie*
...oirs in Enugu senatorial zone and surveyed for insect fauna abundance, diversity, and distribution. The sampling was carried out over a period of eight weeks, using sweep net and hand picking as the collection methods. Overall 12 species were recorded, Orba had the lowest species diversity with 7 species while Obollo-afor and Ikpa recorded 10 and 9 species respectively. Dipteran and Coleoptera were the most diverse and abundant order observed with Musca domest...
Naseem Sharif1,2*, Imran Muhammad Siqqique2, Muhammad Kashif Raza3, Urwa Irshad1, Muhammad Ikhlaq Khan4, Ammara Noreen4 , Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi1, Mohsin Abbas5, Muhammad Maaz Aziz5, Sitwat Riaz5, Komal Aslam5 and Naseem Akhtar6
...xt-align: justify;">Thal zone of Pakistan is massive treasure of wild jujube germplasm (Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. F.)), but currently due to deforestation, global climatic changing scenario and shifting attitude of farmers towards other cash crops, the specie is in high risk of extinction. In this study, sixteen naturally growing wild jujube accessions were analysed based on multivariate analysis. Significant diversity was counted for selected morphological a...
Yahia A. Amin1*, Alaa Eldin Z. Mahmoud2, Mohamed Sabry Aref3, Abd El-Latif Shaker Seddek4, Waleed Younis5
...so revealed that Cefoperazone is the most sensitive antibiotic. Cows infected with mixed infections have the longest postpartum period of pregnancy, especially those infected with E. coli, and Klebsiella. It is concluded that the greater the number and virulence of the microorganisms responsible for the infection, the greater the severity of uterine inflammation and the longest postpartum period of pregnancy. Various types of bacteria are responsible for endom...
Abdul Ghaffar*, Niaz Hussain, Muhammad Nadeem, Khalid Hussain, Muhammad Aslam, Mudassar Khaliq, Muhammad Irshad, Zubeda Parveen and Muhammad Younas
Muhammad Ajmal Khan1, Muhammad Yahya2*, Ali Hazrat2, Javed Khan3, Saeed Jan4, Tabinda Nowsheen2 and Inam Ullah5
...cteria (MRSA) with 23 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI), whereas against Gram- negative bacteria, S. typhi, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, with ZOI observed was 22, 18 and 20 mm, respectively. Antioxidant activity evaluated by using different concentrations of methanolic extracts showed good activity at 250 μL through DPPH, which depicted the vibrancy in phenolic, flavonoids and terpenoids contents. This insightful study highlighted the potential usage of methanolic ...
Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1, Atta Hussain Shah1*, Gul Bahar Khaskheli1, Zubair Ahmed Laghari2, Ghulam Shabir Bahram1, Muneer Ahmed Jamali1, Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1
...ta districts of Southern zone. In central zone, numerically AFM1 load was high (P>0.05) in samples of district Mirpurkhas (0.5306 µg/L) followed by Umerkot (0.5271 µg/L) and Shaheed Benazirabad (0.4966 µg/L). In northern zone, Naushahro Feroze and Sukkur (0.5294 µg/L and 0.5257 µg/L, respectively) also exhibited numerically high (P>0.05) AFM1 level than ...
Zaidi Zona, Zulfiqar Ali*, Rida Ahmad and Irfan Zainab
...el was divided into five zones such as Raikot-Basha, Basha-Dasu, Dasu-Pattan, Pattan-Thakot and Thakot-Tarbela. The mean water quality of study site was as follows: pH 7.32, air temperature 21.15°C, water temperature 15.9°C, dissolved oxygen (DO) 6.41 mg/L, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 125.62 mg/L total hardness 77.50 mg/L, alkalinity 72.17 mg/L (as CaCO3) and conductivity 129.04 µs/cm. Planktonic study revealed the presence of variety of phytopl...
Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan and Urooba Pervaiz
Gudeta Nepir Gurmu, Tade Bitima Mulisa, Alemu Lenco Gemechu, Kegna Gadisa Amena and Gemechu Nedi Terfa*
...al variety at west Showa zone Oromia region to identify high yielding varieties. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design with two replications at Babich, Goda Hora, Chelia Rafiso Alenga, EjersaLafo, and Goromti locations. Data on yield and yield-related traits such as harvest index, above-ground biomass, number of seed per pods, and hundred seed weights were recorded. Analysis of variance combined over five locations manifested ...
Aulia Nurul Saputri, I Komang Gede Wiryawan, Dilla Mareistia Fassah*, Dewi Apri Astuti
... different in inhibition zones against pathogenic bacteria (E. coli and S. typhimurium). All isolates showed no hemolysis activity. Three isolates (A3, A4, and B1) are molecularly identified as Enterococcus faecalis which showed a potency as probiotic candidate. We conclude that Enterococcus faecalis is a potential probiotic that can be isolated from BSF larvae.
Keywords | 16S rRNA Gene; BSF Larvae; Chicken Manure; Lactic Acid Bacteria; Palm Kernel Mea...
Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Iram Shaikh1
...ts in different climatic zones of Sindh Province. Steiner type (Tando Jam) traps baited with methyl eugenol and 5% pesticide were incorporated in the guava and mango orchards of Hyderabad and Larkana. Fruit flies were trapped in the field throughout the year. The results revealed the distinct patterns of population dynamics at both climatic zones. The population density was greater for B. zonata as compared B. dorsalis in gu...
Khalid Hussain1, Muhammad Younas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Raheel2, Anees Akhtar3, Muhammad Irshad1, Munir Abbas1 and Farah Shabir4
Khalid Khan1*, Mahmood-ul-Hassan2, Ihsan Ullah1, Haris Khurshid1, F.Y Saleem Marwat1, Salman Saleem1, M. Jehanzeb1 and Zubair Ahmad1
...d and semi-arid tropical zones of the world; now it is necessary to understand and utilizing the genetic diversity of sorghum hybrids for better crop production. In this study, crossing and selfing was done in parental lines of sorghum hybrids; such as A, B and R line system out of which 14 hybrids were finalized based on its morphological traits and statistically interpreted. Its genetic diversity is most important for exploitation of the genetic resources to...
Maize Yield Performance Under Planting Patterns and Row Spacing in Semi-Arid Zone of Pakistan-Mardan
Shakir Ali1, Zia Ul Haq1, Abdul Malik1, Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan3
...e yield in the semi-arid zone of Pakistan–Mardan. The experiment was set in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Effect of five planting patterns i.e. P1 (Flat planting, row spacing 60 cm), P2 (Ridge-Furrow planting, row spacing 60 cm), P3 (Ridge-Furrow planting, row spacing 75 cm), P4 (Bed planting, row spacing 60 cm, in double rows planting, bed width 60 cm) and P5 (Bed planting, row spacing 75 cm, double row planting, bed wid...
Adefunke Fadilat O. Ayinde1*, Peter Allison Johnston2, Olanrewaju Olusoji Olujimi3, Purnamita Dasgupta4 and Dare Akerele5
... Ogun State (rain-forest zone) and Kwara State (derived savannah) using a multi-stage sampling technique. Farmers perceived climate variability as unpredictable weather situation over the years (65.41%), though some (23.31%) perceived it as the act of God or the wrath of God (11.28%). In terms of adaptation measures, 63.4% of the respondents had access to the weather forecast, some (55.4%) utilise it, while 58.4% engaged in artisanship (blue-collar jobs) and v...
Aqsa Batool1, Masood Rabbani1*, Farhat Nazir Awan2, Sohail Raza1, Sehrish Firyal3 and Shahan Azeem1
... various agro-ecological zones of Pakistan focusing on the Punjab Province. A total of 400 samples were randomly collected from cattle and buffalo of wheat rice Punjab, mixed Punjab, cotton/wheat Punjab, Low intensity Punjab and Rain-fed Punjab zones. The study revealed individual seroprevalence of BoHV-1 49.5% in cattle and 51.5% in buffalo. Over all prevalence in five zones of Punjab was...
Ghani Akbar*, Zafar Islam, Muhammad Umar and Shahi Salam
... for evaluating the root zone and atmospheric water balance and water productivity based on evapotranspiration (WPET). The field results indicated, comparable yield for the NB treatment but increased (2.4%) the water productivity based on irrigation input (WPi), saved (3%) irrigation water and reduced (3%) deep drainage losses than the FB treatment. However, the WB treatment reduced (7.5%) crop yield, but increased the WPi (242%) and saved (73%) irrigation wat...
Muhammad Mansoor1, 2, Sheheryar1 and Shahid Ali Khan1*
Muhammad Mansoor1, 2, Sheheryar1 and Shahid Ali Khan1*
Khalid Hussain1, Muneer Abbas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Zubeda Parveen1, Sohail Abbas2, Ali Raza3 and Abdul Ghaffar1
...d in the agro ecological zone of Bhakkar having active periods SW 18-22 and SW 03-07, respectively. Yellow moericke traps are highly recommended to use as indicator as well as control tool of all important aphid species of wheat crop....
Khalid Hussain1, Muneer Abbas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Zubeda Parveen1, Sohail Abbas2, Ali Raza3 and Abdul Ghaffar1
...d in the agro ecological zone of Bhakkar having active periods SW 18-22 and SW 03-07, respectively. Yellow moericke traps are highly recommended to use as indicator as well as control tool of all important aphid species of wheat crop....
Mehwish Saleem1* and Amina Atiq2
...rticles, with inhibitory zones of 19 mm, 17 mm, and 18 mm for an aqueous extract for aqueous extract and for ethanolic garlic extract was (19mm, 17mm and 15mm) K. pneumonia was the least susceptible, with inhibitory zones for aqueous and ethanolic garlic extracts of 10 mm, 9 mm, and 11 mm, respectively (10mm, 8mm and 10mm). The findings of the study point to the potential for supplementing antibiotic therapy with garlic, whi...
Talat Farid Ahmed1*, Muhammad Azeem Afzal1, Hashim Nisar Hashmi2, Hafiz Muhammad Yousuf2, Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah1 and Muhammad Atiqullah Khan1
...align: justify;">Aquifer zones had been explored by the geo-electrical method of electrical resistivity survey (ERS) to mark out subsurface formations in terms of groundwater quality and quantity. The main focus was on identification of subsurface litho-logy and aquifer zones by resistivity method in parts of the Havelian Cantt, Abbottabad district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province and Sanjwal Cantt, Attock district, Punjab...
Manzoor Ali Magsi1*, Naimatullah Laghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, and Habibullah Magsi2
... out in other ecological zones of Pakistan on different types of soils to introduce appropriate tillage practices that perform better and are site-specific not only for wheat rotation but for other crops. Further experiments should be conducted to analyze the impact of deep tillage treatments on the tillage practices and organic fertilizers on soil properties, growth, and yield of the wheat crop....
Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil1*, Abdus Subhan3, Ghani Akbar1, Muhammad Asif1, Zafar Islam1, Adnan Shakeel1 and Fawad Anwar2
Rao Mansor Ali Khan* and Syed Amer Mahmood
...Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Ozone (O3), and Sulphur dioxide (SO2). To cater to these issues, two indicators were developed to incorporate the smog and soil-related issues. These indicators are named Soil Factor (Sᵮ) and Atmospheric Factor (Aþ). If the soil is “Not Suitable,” the values of Sᵮ is 0.147, for less suitable soil Sᵮ is 0.21, for moderately suitable soil, Sᵮ is 0.61, and for highly suitable soil, Sᵮ is 0.95. By substituting th...
S. Miheret1, A. Seid2† and N. Hailu3
Urooj Shakoor* and Syed Attaullah Shah
...d into three geo-climate zones (Northern, Central and Southern zones). Results from data analysis revealed that 46.6 percent of the sampled rural households were multidimensional poor and the derived Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), at 0.30 cutoff level, was 0.254 for the overall rural Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The decomposition of the household’s average deprivation level revealed that ‘living-standard’ and...
Nuzhat Munawar1, Abrar Hussain1, Imran Sajid2, Zahra Noreen1, Muhammad Aslam3*, Zeeshan Rehman1 and Aamir Ali3,4
... maximum 16mm inhibition zone against B. subtilis a minimum 10 mm inhibition zone against P. aeruginosa, with acetone extract. The same extract seems inactive against K. pneumoniae as compared to control. When tested on S. aureus, chloroform showed a 10 mm inhibition zone while it was inactive against all other experienced bacteria. Ethyl acetate extract gave an inhibition
Majid Ali*, Hafiz Abdul Majid, Farman Ullah, Tahir waseem, Muhammad Rashid Khan
... small ruminants in arid zone small ruminant research institute kohat from July 2017 to June 2021. The prevalence was studied in relation to species, seasons and different housing system or herds. Random blood samples were received and collected from the surrounding village of arid zone research institute kohat. A total of 726 blood sample were analyzed from both sheep and goat. Out of the total blood sample (62.39%) total p...
Zarema Alimsultanova Magomedova1, Kheda Khalitovna Dadaeva1, Roza Said-Akhmedovna Zakhkieva1, Islam Khasanovich Shakhbiev1*, Boris Kazievich Laipanov2
...foothill and mountainous zones of the North Caucasus region (Chechen Republic) revealed a different degree of their infection with eggs of nematodes of the genus Nematodirus Ransom, 1907. In the lowland zone of the Chechen Republic, 37.50% of soil samples, 23.00% of water samples were contaminated with invasive elements, respectively, in the foothill zone, 41.00% and 26.50% of samples, in ...
Kamilla Gadzhimuradovna Alieva1, Patimat Mitkhatovna Daniyalova1, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova2*, Kerim Khasanovich Bolatchiev2, Ismail Anatolyevich Bittirov3
...1788) in the mountainous zone in 2017–2020. revealed moderate pollution of water and soil samples from reservoirs with a tendency to increase from 13.0 to 28.0% (on average by 19.8%). with an increase in the number of eggs per 1 liter of water from 7.2 ± 0.5 to 19.1 ± 1.2 ind. (on average 12.1 ± 0.8 specimens per liter of water). The number of water samples contaminated with eggs of nematodes of the genus Trichocephalus (Schrank, 178...
Vetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova1, Boris Kazievich Laipanov1, Ismail Anatolyevich Bittirov2, Kerim Khasanovich Bolatchiev1, Kamilla Gadzhimuradovna Alieva4, Anatoly Murashevich Bittirov2,3*
... seen of in the mountain zone (Elbrus district, Zolsky pastures, and Chereksky district) 60.00 - 90.00% of soil samples are contaminated with eggs of the nematodes genus Bunostomum (Raillet, 1902) (average 13,80±1,30 ekz. per 5 g of soil). The dynamics pasture of soil contamination in the mountain zone with eggs of nematodes of the genus Bunostomum (Raillet, 1902) was characterized of by an increase in pollutio...
Muhammad Umair1,2, Muhammad Naeem1, Asad Jamil3 and Muhammad Younas2,4*
...ion in arid to semi-arid zones. High temperature and low rainfall lead to accumulation of salt on the soil surface. Moreover, the low organic matter status of soils further worsens the soil conditions. All these factors have severely reduced soil productivity. There is need for some sustainable management practices for rehabilitation of degraded soils in arid zones. Application of organic matter under these conditions can re...
Anatoly Murashevich Bittirov1*, Sadrutdin Shamshitovich Kabardiev1, Ayub Yusupovich Aliev1, Boris Kazievich Laipanov2, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova2, Ismail Anatolyevich Bittirov1
...iotopes in the Alpine subzone. Even a weak distribution of alveococcosis and echinococcosis of the Mountain Gopher in the highlands: Kabardino-Balkaria (Upper Baksan, Elbrus, Dzhantugan, Tegenekli village, Baidaevo, It-kol, Cheget, Terskol, Azau) poses an epizootic and epidemic threat to animals and people. It can be seen that cestodes were found in 39.33% of the dissected Mountain Caucasian ground squirrels, with an average II of 8.4 ind./individual, which in...
Hasnain Raza1,2, Qun Liu1*, Muhammad Tariq Hanif2 and Yanan Han1
Dalia Zaafar1*, Heba M.A Khalil2, Soha Hassanin3, Mohamed R. Mousa4, Mona G. Khalil1
...effectiveness of pioglitazone (Pio) against mice bearing Ehrlich solid carcinoma in terms of its ability to inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Six groups were created using sixty male mice after the Ehrlich inoculation tumor growth was confirmed: control, Cis (5 ml/kg), Pio low dose (LD) (17.5 mg/kg), Pio high dose (HD) (30 mg/kg), Cis+Pio LD, and Cis+Pio HD. Different parameters, including behavioral, biochemical such as malondialdehyde (MDA), reduc...
Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1*, Mansoor Tariq1, Zubair Ahmed Leghari2, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Barirah Rehman Talpur1
...ing four agro-ecological zones of Sindh were examined by using c-ELISA. The overall seroprevalence of CCPP in goat population was found to be 18.0%. The prevalence of CCPP varied significantly (p<0.001) in the four districts. It was found highest in Tharparkar (24.5%) followed by Larkana (19.0%) Jamshoro (15.5%) and Thatta (13.0%). Sex-wise seroprevalence of CCPP in goats showed significantly higher (p<0.001) occurrence in female goats (18.4%) than male ...
Faradji Khalil1*, Slimani Noureddine2 and Senoussi Abdelhakim3
...a lower arid bioclimatic zone with cool winters. The methodological approach followed to carry out our study requires the use of appropriate observation or survey methods and the use of analysis means adapted to the situations encountered. In this context, the means used to carry out this work are based on documentary research, surveys and observations. Based on field investigations, three main categories of livestock breeders were distinguished the farmers su...
M.A.S. El-Kady1, Om-Hashem M. El-Banna 2, E.A Salama2, Salwa N. Zein1
...and one light-scattering zone was round in sucrose density-gradient column. The 2nd and 3rd procedures yielded aggregated virions (2.3 and 7.0 mg/ 100 g of fresh barley leaves, respectively). Electron microscopy of negatively stained purified virus preparation showed rod-shaped particles with dimension of 150x25 nm. The polyclonal antibodies raised against the local isolate of BSMV had a specific titer of 1:2000. Positive reactions were obtained when purified ...
Behari Lal Meghwar1*, Attaullah Khan1, Imran Ali Lakhiar1, Asif Ali Mirani2, Muhammad Siddique Daper1 and Muhammad Waseem Kalroo1
Monis Hussain Shah1*, Riaz Ur Rehman2, Riaz Ali Shah1, Farwa Batool3, Rizwan Rafique4, Muhammad Usman5, Sajida Bibi6, Sadia Yasin7 and Samida Qamar8
You-Ming Teng, Wen-Zhou Liu and Li Yang*
..., whether or not pioglitazone may alleviate the cardiac hypertrophy and reverse abnormal myocardial glucolipid metabolism is still unknown. We conducted this experiment to explore the influence of pioglitazone on cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Rats with cardiac hypertrophy induced by renovascular hypertension were given a gavage of pioglitazone 5–10 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Our crew determin...
Altaf Ur Rahman1, Muhammad Ajmal Khan2*, Ali Hazrat3, Awais Farid4, Muhammad Yahya3* and Inam Ullah5
Arshad Javaid1*, Iqra Haider Khan1, Malik F. H. Ferdosi2, Aneela Anwar3 and Mujahid Manzoor4
...opentanone, dimethylhydrazone (5.93%), dotriacontane (5.91%), humulene (5.82%), octadecanoic acid (4.05%), cis-vaccenic acid (3.72%), heptadecane (3.38%), and heptadecane, 2,6,10,15-tetramethyl- (3.10%). Six compounds with peak areas below 3% were categorized as less abundant. The three major compounds in flower extract of I. carnea possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, insecticidal and insect repellant properties as ...
Farha Deba1, Rubina Nelofer2 and Muhammad Irfan1*
...on. A transparent, clear zone was evident in each isolate during the initial primary screening on skimmed milk agar plates. The secondary screening was then evaluated via submerged fermentation utilizing raw feathers as a substrate for keratinase production. On skimmed milk agar plates with streaked pure culture growth patterns, these seven strains gave a positive appearance of sizable dramatic zones around the growth patter...
Afifatul H.A. Adilah1, Junun Sartohadi2* and Suci Handayani1
...h was divided into three zones, namely residual, erosion, and deposition. In each zone, coconut and Mahogany plants were selected with the ideal morphology for measurement of interception, throughfall, and stemflow during rain events. Soil sampling under the plant canopy was used to measure texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity, macro pores, initial soil moisture, and organic matter. Coconut plants are considered...
Iram Liaqat1*, Noor Muhammad1, Muhammad Mubin2, Najma Arshad3, Tehreema Iftikhar4, Sumera Sajjad5 and Farzana Rashid5
... method showed excellent zone of inhibition (ZI 10-27 mm) against tested pathogens (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis). Secondary screening using ethyl acetate extracts also showed significant ZI in the range of 06 – 14.0 mm (P ≤ 0.05) against these pathogens thus confirming their bioactive potential. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentr...
Yasir Ali1, Muhammad Shahbaz2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif1-2, Salman Ahmad3*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4, Saqib Saeed2, Mohsin Iqbal1, Mozam Ejaz1 and Saima Naseer5
Amistu KU1,2*, Monahan FJ2, Wims P2, Yonatan KY1 , Fahey AG2, Takele TA3
...anagement in the Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. Three districts representing three agro-ecologies were selected purposively based on their higher potential for beef cattle fattening and marketing. A cross-sectional study design was used to obtain data from local cattle fattening farmers (n=306) using a semi-structured questionnaire. The majority (94.4%) of respondents depend on the mixed crop-livestock farming activity as a source of income. The major feed r...
Nadeem Akmal1, Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Yousaf2, Waqar Akhtar1 and Hassnain Shah1
... the rice-wheat cropping zone of the Punjab province has been made by applying economic analysis technique. As, Basmati-Super and Basmati- 386 are main rice varieties grown in the country. Thus, this study is based on data of 46 purposively selected farmers for the crop season 2021, including 30 and 16 farmers of Basmati-386 and Basmati-Super, respectively. Cost comparison of the crop produced through mechanical and conventional manual transplanting techniques...
Durairaja Ramulu1*, Jawahar Paulraj2, Jayakumar Natarajan1, Sudhan Chandran1 Sudhir Kumar Das3, Suresh Eswaran4, Santhakumar Rajagopal5 and Padmavathy Pandurangan6
...ment plan in the potamon zone of the river Thamirabarani....
ZAMARA MASOOD1, FAROOQ SALEEM1, SARFRAZ AHMAD2, TALHA JAMSHAID3, IMRAN WAHEED4,
MUHAMMAD AZEEM1, UMAR FAROOQ GOHAR5 & HAFIZ MUHAMMAD ARSALAN6, 7*
...
in terms of zone of inhibition against selected bacterial strains, both Gram
positive and Gram negative i.e. from 1.33 mm to 25.66 mm and against
fungal strains i.e. from 1.33 mm to 24.33 mm. These findings suggest that
the different parts of R. laetus exhibiting different biological activities and
could be used as a promising source of novel drugs.
...
FARZANA SIDDIQUE*1, NAZIMA FIRDOSE2, MUHAMMAD ARSHAD2, WARDAH HASSAN2
& SHAFAAT YAR KHAN2
...s from citrus plantation zone in district Sargodha were
collected and analyzed for the presence of deltamethrin and malathion
pesticides using HPLC technique. Results showed that 100 % of milk
samples were contaminated with pesticide residues. Maximum
concentration of malathion (0.72±0.02 μg/kg) and deltamethrin (0.75±0.04
μg/kg) was found in cow milk samples collected from Sargodh...
Ummul Firmani1,3, Rahmi Nurdiani2, Arning Wilujeng Ekawati2 and Happy Nursyam2*
...ot produce an inhibition zone around the bacterial wells. The molecular identification found that the bacterial species was B. paramycoides B2.1. These results suggested that Bacillus paramycoides B2.1, which is found in the digestive tract of milkfish, can be used as a probiotic candidate for fish feed indicated by several probiotic tests that have been carried out....
Khalid Hussain1*, Tanvir Hussain2 and Muhammad Inamullah Khan3
...n dry tem perate fore st zone, Swat, Pakistan. Juglansregia was selected to assess the resilience and adaptability potential of the species in the scenario of climate change, because no broad-leaved species have been studied so far in dry temperate forest in Swat region to establish climate-growth relationship. To that objectives, chronologies and time series were developed of annual rings and vessel areas of the species. The results revealed the high degree o...
Yunxia Guo1, Xia Zhou1*, Xin Huang2 and Fagang Zhong2
...s luteus against cefoperazone exhibited ≥90% resistance. Overall, the majority of bacterial isolates exhibited ≥70% resistance against many antimicrobials. The antimicrobial spectrum profiles whistle an alarming situation for the regulatory bodies to cut the non-judicial use of antimicrobial agents....
Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Salman Khurshid1*, Saqib Arif1, Qurrat-ul-Ain Akbar1, Saba Iqbal2, Shahid Yousaf3, Kainat Qureshi1, Abdul Karim Khan5, Abdul Ahad6, Aqeel Ahmed Siddique4 and Neelofar Hamid7
...tudy showed that maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) was observed against bacteria for M. Koenigii i.e., 22mm and 23 mm for fungi, while; O. basilicum and S. asoca plants have21 and 22mm MIZD. Methanol 20%has maximum antioxidant activity in O. basilicum whereas, in S. asoca and M. koenigii 20% aqueous showed maximum activity. Total phenolic content (TPC) 80%methanol exhibited high value in O. basilicum and S. asoca and aqueous 0% has a high TPC content in M. koen...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1, Shakeel Ahmed2, Liwei Teng1,3* and Zhensheng Liu1,3*
...s (PAs) and their buffer zones; however, the moderately suitable areas mainly occurred in the peri-urban zones and were avoided by red fox. Results revealed that global land cover (glc2009) and poultry (ch_2010da) were the most influential factors defining red fox suitable habitats. Based on the results obtained in the current study, we strongly recommend focusing preservation of highly and moderately suitable areas for red ...
Hyun-Su Hwang1, Jae-Kang Lee2, Tae-Kyung Eom2, Seung-Hun Son3, Dong-Ho Lee2, Hyeongyu Ko2 and Shin-Jae Rhim2*
...ering birds in temperate zones prefer high-energy food items. Limited food availability during winter affects social hierarchies....
Muhammad Mansoor1, Shahid Hameed Khalil2,4*, Muhammad Arshad Khan3, Ghani Akbar2, Muhammad Shahzad Khan4, Rana Naveed Mustafa2 and Salah ud Din5
Muhammad Farooq Bhatti1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Aamir Ali1, Hooria Ashraf Khan1, Rabia Fajar Ali2, Ayesha Muzamil1, Fariha Munir3, Fatima Ijaz1, Rizwan Khurshid3
...or the specific climatic zones of Pakistan in terms of yield, performance and adaptability. The current study was conducted to find out the optimum hatching and rearing conditions of three silkworm races (Chinese, Bulgarian and Pakistani) and to compare their biological and economic traits at optimum conditions. The silkworm eggs were hatched at a range of temperatures (21-30°C) and humidity levels of 75-80-% and 80-85% respectively. The silkworms hatched ...
Khansa Jamil1, Muhammad Ramzan Khan1, Asad Jan2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali1*
...me extract exhibited the zone inhibition 0.68±0.14 and 0.53±0.51mm against B. subtilis and P. aeruginous. The inhibitory effect was compared to standard gentamycin. Four bioactive compounds were subjected to molecular docking from which all targeted compounds received scores ranging from (−3.5 to −5.9) kcal/mol with targeted protein. Hence the study revealed that bioactive compounds derived from the Caralluma tuberculata plant pose hi...
M. Azalou1,3*, C. C. Kpomasse1, A. S. Assani3,4, I. T. Alkoiret3,4, Wéré Pitala1,2
... in four agro-ecological zones (AEZ) of northern Benin: the far northern zone of Benin (FNZB), the cotton zone of northern Benin (CZNB), the food-producing zone of southern Borgou (FZSB), and the West Atacora zone (WAZ). Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and ascending hierarchical clustering (AHC) identified three...
...s in the low temperature zones range from 8—180C at winter and from 27-380C at summer season where the altitude ranged from -351 to 1320 m. A novel method called maximum entropy distribution modeling was used for predicting potential suitable habitat for gummy bark disease in Egypt using occurrence records. The Maxent model's internal jackknife test Of variable importance showed that altitude and mean temperature of driest quarter are the most important ...
Ahmed, AmalA.; Zein, Salwa N. and Khatab, Eman A. H.
...tivity test of the viral zone was found positive. The absorption spectrum of the purified virus isolate had a maximum at 260 nm and a minimum at 243 nm. The max/min and A260/280 ratios of the virus isolate were 1.12 and 0.96, respectively. The yield of purified -virus was 6.7 mg/100g of tobacco leaves. Electron micrographs of the purified virus isolate revealed the presence of filamentous particles with average length of 780 nm and 15 widths. The polyclonal an...
Zein Salwa N; Abd El-khalik, Samaa; Khatab , Eman A.A.H and Azzam4,Clara R.
...V-S migrated as a single zone in density gradient column. Ultraviolet absorbance ofTMV-S was typical of nucleoprotein with minimum and maximum at 247 and 260 nm respectively. The ratios of A260/280 and Amax/min were 1.2 and 1.1 respectively. Electron microscopy of purified virus showed the presence of rod shape particles with a size 300 nm. Titer of the prepared antisera as determined using ELISA was 1/2000. Electron microscopic examination of infected leaves ...
Manal A. El-Shazly1, A. s. 2 Abdel Wahab and Salwa N. Zein3
...ach migrated as a single zone in density gradient column. Ultraviolet absorbance of both TSWV and IYSV were typical of nucleoprotein with minimum and maximum at 247 and 260 nm for TSWV and IYSV, respectively. The ratios of A260Q80 and A were 1.2 and 1.11 for TSWV and 1.2, 1.3 for IYSV. Electron microscopy of purified TSWV and IYSV showed the presence of spherical panicles with 85 nm and 80-120 nm in diameter for TSWV and IYSV, respectively. Titer of die prepar...
Amal Abo El-Ela Ahmed; Eman A.H. Khatab; and M.S. Shafie
...tivity test of the viral zone was found positive. The absorption spectrum of the purified virus isolate had a maximum at 262 nm and a minimum at 251 nm. The max/min and A260/280 ratios of the virus isolate were 1.83 and 2.81 respectively. The yield of purified virus was 6.1 mg/100g or tobacco leaves. Electron micrographs of the purified virus isolate revealed the presence of rod-shaped panicles of 310-320 nm for length and 15 nm for width. The polyclonal antib...
Ahmed M. Manthoor, Ali H. Saliem*
...iprofloxacin, as well as zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), by using 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 mg/ml concentration of the extract, while 1.562, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 µg/ml concentration of Ciprofloxacin, on the other hand study mechanism of action of the extract against the same bacteria by Fe-Scanning Electron Microscopic(Fe-SEM). The extraction ratio was (1...
Shakir Ullah1* and Lubna Shakir2
...in all phytogeographical zones of Bajaur. The plant location, age, and their interactions had a significant influence on the phytochemical composition of E. helioscopia. The plant location had the highest effect on the marginal means of compounds (81.517) while the age influenced a variation by a marginal effect mean of 3.863. Some conjugated and non-conjugated compounds were common in all plant parts and ages whereas others either developed or diminished at c...
Muhammad Tahir Latif1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Ali Zohaib2 and Ishtiaq Hassan3
... conducted in Gujranwala zone, Pakistan to evaluate four sowing techniques, i.e., CT, happy seeder, ridge sowing and SS with Randomized Complete Block Design. As compared to CT the SS has been estimated as resource conservation technique regarding sowing time (62.50%), irrigation time (7.69%), seed cost (14%), fertilizer cost (10.81%), and fuel cost (58.33%) with the constrained requirement of higher hp tractor (preferably 85 hp) for sowing operation. An incre...
Wali Muhammad Mangrio1*, Hakim Ali Sahito1, Faheem Ahmed Jatoi1 and Fahmeeda Imdad Sahito2
... the main hub and robust zone of Lemon cultivars with rich productivity. The research study was carried out to study the economic feasibility and production potential of Lemons from five respective talukas of District Naushahro Feroze-Sindh, 2021. The maximum per hectare net return and benefit-cost ratio from taluka Kandiaro in PKR, was calculated at net profit Rs; (228998/ha), (1.70), in pesticide applied module and (197065/ha), (2.74), non-pesticide module w...
Muhammad Qazzafi Khan1, Iqtidar Hussain1, Ejaz Ahmad Khan1, Sara Zafar2*, Zuhair Hasnain3* and Moneeza Abbas4
IRFANA IQBAL1*, PAKEEZA TANWEER1, FARKHANDA MANZOOR1, MUHAMMAD NAUMAN AFTAB2, AFSHAN KALEEM3, ROHEENA ABDULLAH3, ASMA ZAFAR4 & MEHWISH IQTEDAR3
... a maximum of inhibition zone 11.13 mm against P. aeruginosa followed by 90% Trifolium honey with the maximum inhibition zone 10.75 mm against P. aeruginosa. The Dalbergia honey (50%) was least effective against P. aeruginosa, however it inhibited S. aureus producing inhibition zone 10.25 mm. Honey-antibiotic combination produced inhibition zone 51 mm th...
MUHAMMAD MANSHA1, MAIRA HAFEEZ1, QAMAR ALI1, ABRAR HUSSAIN1, MUHAMMAD TARIQ1 & ATIF YAQUB2
... justify;">Aromatic hydrazones and their derivatives are being explored to develop new drugs against microorganisms, resistant to presently available anti-microbials. In the present study, 13 hydrazone derivatives were screened in vitro for their biological activity against microorganisms by employing agar well diffusion method. The microbes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were cultured on agar ...
ATEEQUE RAHMAN KHOOHARO* & PIRZADA JAMALUDDIN A. SIDDIQUI
...the mid & high tidal zones. Diversity & distribution configurations were found to be linked with topography & prevailing environmental conditions....
Floral and edaphic data recorded from Sahiwal District, Pakistan analyzed by multivariate techniques
*ARIFA ZEREEN1, ALMAS JAHAN1,SHEIKH SAEED AHMAD2 & ZAHEER-UD-DIN KHAN3
...he flora of entire study zone into two main communities that had been again separated into smaller i.e., sub communities. Canonical correspondence analysis recognized the relation of vegetation assembly to underlying environmental factors. This correlation was studied by CANOCO analysis. In the Canonical correspondence analysis of species for Sahiwal, it was found that environmental variables, i.e. water content, soil EC and water EC had clear influence on spe...
SHAHZADA NADEEM ABBAS1, KIRAN JAMSHED1, SARAH BUSHRA NASIR2,
SAMAN SHAHID3 & NASIR MAHMOOD4
... inhibited fungal growth zone diameter of 15mm, while Ficus carica methanolic extract (10 μl, 1250 μg) was found most effective against Fusarium oxysporum and Microsporum canis with diameter of inhibited fungal growth zone 19 mm and 21 mm, respectively. These experiments showed that these extracts can be used as antibacterial agents....
MARIAM AHMED, YESRA ARSHAD & HAMID MUKHTAR*
...screened by formation of zone of clearance on the skimmed milk agar and then evaluated for keratinase production by using raw feathers as substrate in submerged fermentation. Two isolates, showing maximum enzyme production, were identified as Bacillus species on their morphological and biochemical basis. Crude enzyme revealed that Bacillus sp. IIB-B5 produced maximum keratinase (28.13 U/mL) at pH 7.0, at 40oC after 72 h incubation. While Bacillus sp. IIB-B9 sh...
Nadia Kèmi Assana Chabi1, Gildas Codjo Tchemadon1,2*, Olaïgbé Lydie Hounkpatin3, Paul Kouété Jimmy4 and Leonard Antoine Chaffara Afouda1
...ships in agro-ecological zones (AEZ) II, VI and VIII of Benin. Among the respondents, 96.3% do not recognize symptoms of sweetpotato viral diseases, although 81.4% observe these symptoms in their fields with most (76.7%), a low incidence (0 to 25%). Also, 72.3% farmers affirm that the first viral symptoms appear at the flowering stage of sweetpotato plants. They observe the presence of aphids or whiteflies in their fields at 53.3% (AEZ II); 65.0% (AEZ VI) and ...
Mouhamed Zakiou Kolawole Adissa Raimi1, Ghulam Hussain2, Nousheen Zafeer3, Faheem Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan4, Anwar Ullah1, Imdad Kaleem1 and Asghar Shabbir1*
... with 200 mg/kg/day cuprizone (CPZ) demyelination for six months to induce demyelination. After that they were divided into seven groups of five animal each where 3 CPZ treated groups received either honey, black seed oil or mixture of both for 6 weeks after demyelination. Behavioral tests were performed at the end of treatment. Afterwards, oligodendrocyte population was estimated in cerebellar white matter after histology. It was found that all three treatmen...
Shah Zeb Khan1, Ali Hazrat1*, Farman Ali Khan2, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar3, Muhammad Ajmal Khan4 and Hayat Ullah1
.... aureus with inhibition zone of 25±0.75, 21±0.35 and 18±0.21 mm respectively. The same fraction showed very potent antifungal effect against A. niger and A. flavus with inhibition zones of 19±0.45 and 18±0.39 mm respectively. In case of stem extracts, CS exhibited strongest antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aurous and S. flexneri with inhibition zone
Muhammad Ayyub, Mitha Khan*, Syed Abdul Malik, Sakhawat Ali, Syed Shamsullah, Mujeeb ur Rehman, Ikhlaq Ahmed, Ameer Uddin, Habibullah Kakar, Mohammad Zahid, Khalil Ahmed, Mana Khan, Mukhtiar Ahmed, Muhammad Rafiq Khetran, Zia ul Haq and Muhammad Azam
Naveed Akhtar, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Aamir Ali
...t (IPM) of maize growing zones in Pakistan and across the globe.
Novelty Statement | In this study, the biodiversity, seasonal abundance, and population dynamics of coccinellids in maize crops are discussed for the better understanding of these predators, which would be helpful in the development of sustainable pest control practices.
...
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Abdul Rehman1, Amjed Ali1,
Nasir Iqbal2, Qaisar Mumtaz1, Amir Javed1
...37 g a.i. ha-1and topramezone at 21.5 g a.i. ha-1) which were
used 25 days after sowing. In contrast to control, all herbicides have shown significant
decline in weed density (up to 94%) and dry weight (up to 88%); and caused significant
increases in plant height (up to 85%), pod bearing branches (up to 77%), number of
pods per plant (up to 83%), 100-seed weight (up to 37%) and seed yield (up to 160%)
Aya A. Saber1, Mohamed Fawzy2*, MokhtarM. EL-Tarabili2, Eman K. El Sayed2
...hin the protective titer zone (≥32) till the 6th month post-second dose/vaccination. Following up, the RVF-SNT antibody titers in the 1st-week post first vaccination showed that it was 3.2 in a group 2 and 4.4 in a group 3. Both groups showed RVF-SNT titers’ peak by the 3rd-week post-vaccination by a mean titer of 70.4 in a group 2 and 102.4 in a group 3, then it declined to 3.6 in both groups at the 6th-month post-second dose. Indirect ELISA test res...
Asif Tanveer,Abdul Khaliq,Mahmooda Buriro,MUJHAID ALI,Muhammad Ehsan Safdar
Muhammad Mahmood-Ul-Hassan,Munawar Iqbal,Shahnaz Akhtar Rana,Nureen Rana,Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
MUHAMMAD AZIM KHAN,UMM E KULSOOM,FAZLI WAHID
Asif Tanveer, Muhammad Suleman, Ahsan Aziz, Rao Muhammad Ikram and Nabeel Ahmad Ikram
Muhammad Shahbaz , Sher Muhammad, Faqir Ahmad, Sajjad Ali, Muhammad Riaz and Ghulam Nabi
Pervez Manan1, Farhat Jabeen1 and Ahmad Zamir2
...ted in the dry temperate zone of the Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya region i.e. Sherani Area (Suleiman range) on the border between Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), South Waziristan, Chitral, Gilgit Baltistan and Azad Jamu & Kashmir (Sherani and Urooj, 2019). As the potential economic benefits of Chilghoza to local livelihoods is worth billions of rupees annually thus economic importance is always given priority and its most important role of the mainten...
ASM Helal Siddiqui, Md. Najmus Sayadat Pitol, Md. Akramul Islam and Sk. Mehedi Hasan
...lanted in three salinity zones of Sundarbans from 2010-2017. Plantations at fresh water zone always showed the high growth in height (m) and high survival rate (%). Mean height and survival rate (%) for Sundri plantations were 1.82m and 58.95% respectively. The mean height for less, moderate and strong saline zones were 2.31m, 1.63m and 0.73m where mean survival rate (%) were 81.84%, 38.75...
Mazhar Iqbal, Ashar Farooq, Zulfiqar Ali Sheikh and Waseem Abbas
...a was divided into three zones, namely, Zone-I: Pure Chir (Pinus roxburghii) Zone, Zone-II: Chir and Robinia (Robinia pseuodocacia) Mix Zone, and Zone-III: Pure Robinia Zone. Twenty (20) sample plots were established randomly in each ...
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Khalid Hussain
...own in different climate zones of Pakistan in order to find variations in their technological properties based on the wood structure. Results indicate that Ash wood grown in Kashmir and Quetta are nearly similar in strength and hardness in view of fiber morphological characteristics. Ash wood grown in Kashmir may be better in seasoning and preservation behavior due to its vessels frequency and diameter. Moreover, on the basis of parenchyma distribution Ash woo...
A. S. M. Helal Siddiqui1, Abul Khair2, M. Masudur Rahman3 and S.M. Mosfeka Hasnin4
...cated in the fresh water zone of the Sundarbans. The results also show that in the six locations diameter at breast height (dbh.) Class IV (>40cm) is highly affected 34%, then followed by dbh Class III (31-40cm) 31%,Class II (21-30cm) 25% and the lowest only 10% in the Class I (<20cm). So, it is clear that Passur trees having dbh class IV (>40cm) were highly associated with heart rot. This calls for pathological rotation of Passur trees arriving at dbh class...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
Tariq Mahmood and Zulfiqar Ali
...atersheds of the various zones are located, however it is highly regretted to state that due to anthropogenic pressure about 60-70% of these watersheds are in depleted condition (Ashraf, 1991). It means that the community's needs are to be met through optimal utilization of these valuable resources using technological advancements, avoiding every kind of deterioration and degradation under improper use. The ever increasing human and livestock population ha...
Rahim Muhammad Akmal Syed1, Hasnain Shahida2, Mamoona Wali Muhammad3 and Jabeen Farkhanda4
...ecological or vegetative zones, which are further sub-divided into 18 habitat types, an arrangement for the development of Protected Areas System in terms of representative ecotypes. During the survey of farm plantations, about 400 soil samples were collected and their physical and chemical analysis was conducted for the comparison of the four agro ecological zones of the Punjab Province of Pakistan with regards to agrofores...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Hussain Bux Bhaagat
...and dune type vegetation zone. This sanctuary is considered internationally important, because it represent, the example of a natural land ecosystem comprising of a complex of 32 wetlands.
These wetlands are formed by the seepages from Jamrow and Nara canal. A general survey of the area was conducted in the month of January 2006 and direct (field observation) and indirect (meeting with communities and wildlife staff) observation methods were used.
...
Muhammad Afzal, Aqeela Mobeen Akhtar and M. Mahboob-ur-Rahman
.......
Muhammad Afzal, Amjad Ali Ch., Javaid Ahsan, Shahzad Fazal and Saima Tabassum
Ghayyas Ahmad, Mian Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Mahr Muhammad Asif
... forest in the Chir pine zone of Murree hill, so as to see which forest is richer and more diverse in plant diversity.
Systematic sampling design was used to record the plant species found in the Reserved and Guzara forests. Sample plots of sizes 500 m2 and 102 m were laid out to collect the data regarding tree & shrub species respectively. A total of 10 sample plots were measured in each forest. Later on, the data from these plots were combined to a...
A. W. Jasra and I. Ahmad
...s inhabiting the juniper zone and their livelihood sources; and suggestions for resource base improvement. These communities consist of settled/sedentary pastoralists, transhumant pastrolists and nomadic pastoralists. The sedentary community has shifted from pastrol livelihood to agra-pastoral, however, livestock still remains major component of its household economy. Water shortage has emerged as major problem for this community due to prolonged drought con...
Kabir Dihider Shahriar, Mahmood Hossain and Ripon Kumar Debnath
...ifferent agro-ecological zones in Bangladesh. Among the eight villages 37,674, trees were counted including 98 species of 33 families. The family Leguminosae dominated with 17 species followed by Moraceae 7, Palmaceae 6, Myrtaceae 6, Rutaceae 5, Meliaceae 4, Anonaceae 3 and rest are in other families. According to the size of household, large farmers have the highest number of trees (177.36 trees/ household) in all the study areas while the landless farmers ha...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique and Saliheen Khan
...00 mm per annum In these zones temperature rises steeply during summer and drops sharply in winter giving rise to great variations in diurnal temperature Subsequently the arid and semi-arid parts of the country are characterized by low precipitation, extreme temperatures and low humidity These conditions are inhospitable to good plant growth There are frequent droughts and the plant growth fluctuates greatly with precipitation.
Pakistan is blessed to p...
Raza-ul-Haq and Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry
G. A. Bajwa and Hanif Gul
... in different ecological zones of
Pakistan. Studies conducted by recording the
observations fortnightly on nurseries and plantations at
the Pakistan Forest Institute Campus, Peshawar showed
that the Paulownia spp. Fell prey to the attack of
fourteen insect species like Agrotis ypsilon Rott.
(Noctuidae), Aleuroplatus pectiniferus Quiint.
(Aleyrodidae), Catopsilia crocale Cram. (Pieridae),
Cyrtopeltis tenuis Reut. (Miri...
Muhammad Tahir Laeeq
... moist and dry temperate zones in the northern parts of the country in the altitudinal range from 1500-3000 m. While P. euphratica occupies the riverain tract right from sea-level to 4000 m in the mountains (Sheikh, 1985). The indigenous Poplar species are comparatively slow growing and take a long time to attain exploitable size (Sheikh, 1972), therefore, do not find a high recognition for the commercial production of poplar wood. The search for fast g...
Syed Zainul Arifeen and Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry
...lture in moist temperate zone at Chikar. Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). In this study four sub-catchments were selected. Nine year's (1988-1996) average data showed that both the hydrologic response (16%) and sediment concentration (158 kg/ha) were minimum i.e. for the subcatchment under forest and was maximum i.e. hydrologic response (26%) and sediment yield (332 kg/ha) for the catchment under agricultural use. The response from mixed land use of forest and ag...
Ghulam Akbar, Muhammad Arshad and Taj Naseeb Khan
Hanif Gul
...d in the sub-mountainous zone and at Lahore and Changa Manga in the Indus Basin Plains.
Experimental sites were selected after confirming the termite activity areas. At Peshawar population monitoring trials revealed that colonies of Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) (Rhinotermitidae) and Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) Termitidae are present at the Pakistan Forest Institute and each monitored colony comprised of 1989 to 2219 workers and soldiers at o...
Altaf Hussain
...ees segregation for SKDH zones often was in accordance with the Mendelian expectation while for the other putative loci as well as pooled data, it deviated significantly from 1:1 segregation. In most cases segregation heterogeneity was significant for certain putative loci as well as for certain provenances....
Raja Muhammad Ashfaq and Mohammad Khan
...us basin and the Coastal zone. The northern mountains constitute the major portion of the watersheds of the Indus and Jhelum river system. The land in these watersheds is mainly in private ownership. wooded areas are interspersed with agriculture fields and often steep slopes are cultivated. Out of about 88 million ha total land area
of the country, 26.6 million ha comprise the uplands, where watersheds of various sizes are located (Ashfaq, 1991). Since there...
S. M. Rafique
... in the
moist temperate zone of Mansehra District (NWFP) to
investigate the effect of range improvement activities
on protective and vegetation cover, forage production
and species composition. Four major variables namely; no
grazing, no grazing + over-sowing, conventional grazing
+ over sowing and conventional grazing only were tested
in two replications. The variables were assigned
randomly to 4 plots of 10 x 10 m. Each plot was
subdivided into two ...
Bashir Hussain Shah
...ging system in
semiarid zone. Twop slope lengths: 4m and 5 m and three
slope gradients: 7%, 10% and 15% of roaded catchments
were tested for finding out optimum slope length and
gradient for water resource development to increase crop
and wood production. Results of the study showed that
four meter slope length with 7% gradient are more
effective in increasing the runoff and are economical to
construct and maintain. It was also observed that water
pro...
*Sadiqa Malik, **Nazir Ahmad and **Mahmood Akram
...hromatography. Six color zones were observed under
UV-light. Four of the substances, at Rf values 0.06,
0.18, 0.64 and 0,9 promoted root formation in mung-bean.
The maximum of roots was produced by dark-green colored
zone located at 0.64 Rf...
Mohammad Noor
...he sheep Creek
riparian zone reduced inltration, which, in turn,
increased runo and soil loss but of minimal biological
importance....
Muhammad Hanif and Bashir Hussain Shah
...pruce and dry temperate
zones. Analysis of soil samples showed that soil under
forest had higher permeability, porosity and water
holding capacity as compared to soil under agriculture
and pasture while the bulk density of soil under forest
was lower than that of soil under agriculture and range vegetation. However, except for permeability these
values were not significantly different from each other.
On the other hand, in all land uses, permeability,
...
Hanif Gul, M.I. Chaudhry M. Farooq and Rahmatullah Jan
... in different ecological zones during 1985-86. Observations recorded revealed that Platanus orientalis, L. Melia azadarach Linn and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Out of the broad leaved species and Cedrus deodara (Roxb Ex. Lanb) G. Don in the coniferous timbers showed antitermitic properties at Peshawar, National Park Lalsoharna (Bahawalpur) and Changa Manga so far.
Wood extractives of Cedrud deodara (Roxb Ex. Lanb) G.Don inner a...
F. O. C. Nwonwu
...y in
the arid semi arid zones of the tropics. ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...tarting from the coastal zone to the Alpine pastures has continued unabated since ages. The process has not only destabilized the fragile ecosytems but also has resulted in steep decrease in the wildlife population.
As a matter of fact several species of flora and fauna are on the verge of extinction. All wildlife in Pakistan as to lean so heavily on assorted vegetation for shelter, food, survival and multiplication. The article brings into sharp focus the ne...
M. I. Shiekh and Sultan Maqsood Khan
M. I. Shiekh and S. M. Khan
M. A. Ogigirigi and A. B. I. Igboanugo
...tion
at four vegetative zones of varying dryness and soil
types (Afaka, Miango and Nimbia ) in Nigeria. Root size
and distribution were measured and compared at three
determined depths along the soil profiles. Although all
the soil types have a layer of hard iron crust
(plinthite layer) with in a depth of 40-60 cm in the
soil the roots of the exotics were able to penetrate
beyond the plinths. Among the exotic, Eucalypts proved
best at penetrating the ...
Anjum Amin and Ghulam Akbar
...pper parts of transition zone where grassy terraced
cliffs are found, which constitute the northern ridge of the Hills. Although most of the best cheer pheasant habitats are mostly disturbed by human activities, yet the habitat along the ridge is ideal and will remain so....
A. R. Beg and Mirza Hakim Khan
...ns on the dry oak forest zone in Swat valley revealed that three more plant communities, viz Diospyros lotus, Cotoneaster nummularia, Sophora mollis and Quercus baloot, Impatiens bicolor occur in the area. Prospects of renewable resource development have also been indicated....
M. N. Malik and M.I. Sheikh
...cement of water table at zone affecting culture of common agricultural crops and tree plants. This menace of land was realized even long before the creation of Pakistan, and full-fledged Department of Land Reclamation was established to counter-check the malady; nevertheless, it attained alarming proportion and threatened the very basis of economy of Pakistan. Of course, vast physical outlays in the form of SCARP have been the outcome of very serious deliberat...
Raja Mohammad Ashfaque and Anjum Amin
...in the Subtropical humid zone (Champion et al., 1965) about 40 km northwest of Muzafarabad along the left bank of river Neelum. The altitude is 1200 meters with an average rainfall of about 600 mm. Soil is mainly formed of shale and sandstone with a moderate amount of organic matter suitable for plant growth. Pinus roxburghii forms the major overhead storey with shrubs Myrsine africana, Berberis lycium, Indigofera spp. as understorey. Th...
G. M. Khattak Dr. and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...ion in subtropical humid zone at
Balakot village of Mansehra District. Nitrogen and phosphorus mixture doubled total forage and grass production and many times increased the production of desirable species, undesirable species, Chrysopogon aucheri and Cymbopogon martini. However, both nitrogen and phosphorus, when applied separately had no effect on the production of total forage, grass, any palatability class or any important forage species. No...
A. R. Beg and Mirza Hakim Khan
...ng in the dry oak forest zone, to other parts of Pakistan, actual biogeograhical limits of the zone were determined. Dry oak forests were found to indicate Mediterranean climate as elsewhere in the world. They, however, comprise of two sub-types in this country: the pure dry oak forests with true Mediterranean climate and the dry oak-chir ecotonal forests with transitional Mediterranean climate. Four plant communities have a...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ed in different climatic zones in the country. The sites include Bhurban in Murree hills, Islamabad, Peshawar, Changa Manga etc. The plant seems to have responded well to its new environment with luxuriant growth producing abundant seed and good natural regeneration at favourable site (deep sandy loam, 1000 mm rain or irrigation)....
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
... Ghulam Mohammad Barrage zone;
II. heavy work involved in leveling land;
III. lack of as intense a demand for temporary cultivation as in the Punjab.
In recent years there has been a massive return to babul as the principal species in the irrigated plantations. The Sind riverain forest of babul and kandi are managed the clear-felling system with broad-cast sowing in receding flood water. Aerial seeding is being increasingly employed since 1974....
II. heavy work involved in leveling land;
III. lack of as intense a demand for temporary cultivation as in the Punjab.
In recent years there has been a massive return to babul as the principal species in the irrigated plantations. The Sind riverain forest of babul and kandi are managed the clear-felling system with broad-cast sowing in receding flood water. Aerial seeding is being increasingly employed since 1974....
Dr. K. M. Salim and Gul Shahid
...estern type vegetation zone but because of its altitude and situation it is a mixture of Poor Monsoon Western type and Poor Mediterranean vegetation types. The annual precipitation is about 16 inches most of which is received during winter. The temperature range is around 28-90-92°F at Cherat. Snowfall at Cherat is upto a foot or two in colder winters but is variable from place to place. There is a steady wind blowing most of the time usually fr...
Hafsa Tauqir1, Imran Ahmad2 and Muhammad Bilal Sadiq1*
...diffusion method and the zone of inhibitions observed were 29.7±0.6 mm, 31±1 mm and 30±3 mm respectively. Yogurt samples fortified with extract (2% and 4%) were prepared and underwent sensory evaluation for characteristics such as color, odor, texture, acceptance of sourness and overall acceptability. The total solid content, pH and titratable acidity were determined for each of the sample along with probiotics enumeration. Significant cha...
Kashif Shehzad* and Ikramul Haq
... in four agro-ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in which one district each was selected. A sample of 147 respondents were selected from the four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa using the Sekaran sampling table whereas proportional allocation technique was also used to obtain the desire sample size from each district. The findings indicated that the majority of the respondents were in the “51-60” age group, with 79.5% holding a diploma as thei...
Alain Kouam Simo1, Roland Nankam Chimi1*, Stevine Ngoueni Megouo1, Ariane Megne Fossouo1, Félicité Flore Djuikwo-Teukeng2, Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini3
... in some agro-ecological zones of the country. This study evaluated the prevalence and risks factors of bovine schistosomiasis in the North, Adamawa and west, regions of Cameroon. A total of 700 cattle were examined in slaughterhouses in the Adamawa, North and West regions from February to September 2023.Screening methods by visual exploration of the mesenteric veins in search of adult worms and coproscopic analysis using the filtration technique were used. Th...
Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Muhammad Mushtaq1, Muhammad Shuaib1*, Saqib Nawaz2, Mehboob Ali2, Faiz ur Rehman2, Abubakar Sufyan3, Usman Zeb4, Muhammad Ayaz5 and Muhammad Aamir Khan5
...wed significantly larger zone of inhibition, increased feed intake, weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio compared to standard and control groups. Moreover, reduced (p<0.05) mortality and morbidity index was found in SN-3 group among all the treated groups. It was concluded, that use of serratiopeptidase combination with neomycin has better impact on broiler chickens to enhance the antimicrobial effect of Neomycin against E. coli infection and to e...
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Abou Bakar Siddique1*, M. Jahangir Shah1, Mumtaz Hussain1, Bashir Ahmad1, M. Bilal Zafar1, Maryam Hayat1, Shamsa Rasool1, Zainulabdeen1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza3, Malik Ibrar Yousaf2 and Usman Majeed1
Muhammad Iqbal1*, Saba Iqbal1, Asmat Ullah2, Arbab Jahangeer1, Naveed Akhtar3, Tahira Tabassum3, Ali Zohaib3, Naveed Ramzan3
...are gathered in the root zone of plants causing ionic and osmotic disproportion. However, by way of a superior field-management opportunity, buildup of soluble salts in rhizosphere can be managed by applying soil mulching which reduces water evaporation from soil hence limits upward movement of salts. Moreover, it also reserves soil moisture, increases utilizing efficiencies of nutrient and water hence improves crop yield. Critical research gaps exist in under...
Barkat Ali Jatoi1*, Amjad Hussain Mirani1, Abdul Latif Bhutto1, Ambreen Laghari2, Abdul Samad Magsi3, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi4, Aneela Sultan Jatoi5, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon6, Aarab Khan Lund7, Om Parkash1, Atif Ali Malak8
... formation of inhibitory zone diameter 18.33, 15.33, 14.00, 13.00, 10.67 and 9.33mm at concentration level of 2.50, 2.00, 1.50, 1.00, 0.50 and 0.10mg/ml, respectively in contrast to that of Eucalyptus camaldulensis where the zone diameter was 13.00, 9.67, 9.33, 8.33 and 8.33mm at concentration 2.50, 2.00, 1.50, 1.00 and 0.50mg/ml, respectively. The average inhibition zone formed by Moringa...
Syeda Rubab Zaidi* and Safdar Ali Mirza
...area produced remarkable zone diameter and culture colony diameter. The remaining strains showed variable results for enzyme production. Laccase enzyme production was carried out by screened strain of Aspergillus niger under submerged fermentation technique. Optimization of different cultural parameters that influence laccase enzyme biosynthesis by A.niger strain was done. To measure enzyme activity indicator compound guaiacol and acetate buffer were used. It ...
Qais Abdulrahman M. Al-Jaghifi, Zina Saab Khudhir*
...aluated by measuring the zone of inhibition (mm). Results indicated that 2% chitosan was significantly effective (P≤0.05), showing the highest zone of inhibition (38 mm) against MRSA. In conclusion, the application of chitosan as a natural food-grade antibacterial agent against MRSA effectively reduced bacterial counts and maintained the bacteriological quality of beef sold in local markets. ...
Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Nowsherwan Zarif, Anwar Ali*, Faizan Ahmed, Asim Karim and Ali Nawaz
...ural forests. In the dry zone areas, the natural forests have completely disappeared and degraded. The forest cover cannot be regenerated naturally in dry areas with erratic climatic conditions. Several research organizations such as the Pakistan Forest Institute, PARC, IC, FAO, UNDP etc., initiated systematic research in dry areas to combat land degradation and desertification effectively. These research studies focused on the maximum utilization of rainwater...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and
Amal M. Abd El Raof2
...eads in various climatic zones, including Africa, Asia, and Europe, causing substantial economic losses in the animal industry. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological state and risk factors for LSD virus (LSDV) in the six governorates of Egypt (Al-Menia, Alwady ALgaded, Al-Bhera, Al-Dakahlia, Al-Menofia, and Al-Sharqia), based on viral isolation and molecular detection. The required data were collected using a pre-structured questionnaire during f...
Bunga Rimta Barus1, Masfria Masfria2*, Aminah Dalimunthe3, Sovia Lenny4
...tion showing the largest zone of inhibition (11.20 ± 0.30 mm). Histological analysis revealed that the 5% gel concentration significantly enhanced epidermal thickness (52,407.77 ± 1.34 nm) and promoted angiogenesis (26.33 ± 0.31) in the wound area. These results indicate that the 5% ethyl acetate fraction gel is the most effective in promoting wound healing by enhancing both epidermal regeneration and angiogenesis.
Mokammel Hossain Tito, Most Hoor E Jannat, Marzia Afrose, S.M. Jubayer Ahmed, Shah Md Maruf, Md. Arafat Hossain, Safiullah Samani, Ruksana Jahan Mira, Barshon Saha, Asraful Islam Jihad and Tonmoy Kumar Das
...pia’s East Wollega zone, we utilized a dataset comprising 266 bovine sera samples collected from Diga, Guto Gida, and Nekemte districts, employed machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict FMD outbreaks and assess attribute correlations. The dataset is taken from mendely with prevalence ranges from 4.8% to 72.1% in cattle. In this paper we have used total of five algorithms including Naïve Bayes, MLP (Multilayer Perceptron), SMO (Sequential Minimal...
Mustofa Hilmi1,4, Zuprizal2, Nanung Danar Dono2, Bambang Ariyadi3*
...50 ppm in the inhibition zone test successfully inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli while not affecting the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus sp. The MIC for gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli was 6.25 ppm, and the optical density at 600 was approximately 0.09.
Keywords | Antibacterial, Antibiotic, Minimum inhi...
Saleem Abid1* and Muhammad Jahanzaib2
... different agro-climatic zones of Pakistan. The combined variance effects (Anova) based on AMMI model confirmed significant differences (P<0.01) among genotypes, environments, and the genotype by environmental (G x E) interactions. The environmental factors explained 81.29% of the total yield variation. Environment variations proved to be the main factor influencing the performance of groundnut-genotypes in most of the locations where the study was conducte...
Abdur Rehman*, Muhammad Umair Khan, Zahid Rauf, Saeed Akhtar, Abdur Rahman Khan and Mansoor Khan
...s of underutilized humid-zone Broadleaf woods. The present work will be relying on the equitable woody fiber anatomical dimensions of two types that are Willow (Salix tetrasperma) and Lachi (Eucalyptus camaldulensis). The excellence of pulp and paper is directly linked to the fiber characteristics such as fiber wall thickness, fiber lumen diameter, and fiber length. Several wood characteristics associated with paper quality will be deduced from the fiber dimen...
Zahraa Ahmed Khlaf*, Alfred S. Karomy, Qutaiba Jassim Gheni
...erent concentrations of ozone (O₃) gas on the presence of microorganisms, mycotoxin concentrations, and various feed characteristics. A total of 225 one-day-old unsexed broiler chicks (Ross-308) were used, distributed randomly into five experimental groups with 45 chicks per group, and each group was further subdivided into three replicates of 15 birds each. The experimental treatments were as follows: T1 served as the control (feed not sterilized with o
M.J.Al-Saadi*, Dahfir A. Alobaidi, Jassim E.Q.Al-Musawi
...netized water), and G5 (ozone water). Each treatment consisted of eight replications, with washing conducted at room temperature (22-25°C) for two durations: three minutes and six minutes. The results showed that meat treated with distilled water (4.11 cfu/g), magnetized water (4.06 cfu/g), and ozone water (3.36 cfu/g) had lower total counts of aerobic bacteria compared to those treated with no wash (4.09 cfu/g) and tap ...
Shaymaa Jabbar Hassoon1*, Hiba Ibrahim Ali2, Ayat Jasim Mohammed3, Oras Salman4
...l), different inhibition zones alongside bacterial were isolated with an rise in agent concentrations. The full inhibition zone for Ag-NPs biosynthesized showed a significant difference in the effectiveness of AgNPs-cinnamon extract compared to the cinnamon extract alone with p value (0.0032) , but the least zone was established alongside pseudomonas with clear significant difference in th...
Muhammad Ashfaq Khan, Basheer Ahmad, Sami Ul Haq, Bilal Ahmed Qazi*, Saifullah
...ies within the chir pine zone of the subdivision. The forest ecology is primarily threatened by the conversion of forest land to agriculture and the illicit harvesting of trees for fuel wood and construction reasons. Implementation of strict regulations and community-based forest management to combat the threats of land conversion and illicit tree harvesting, while promotion of reforestation and alternative energy sources in the Matta subdivision of Swat Valle...
Asfand Yar Khan1, Syed Saleem Ahmad1*, Muhammad Avais1 and Kamran Ashraf2
...nt genes in-vitro trial (zone of inhibition). For in-vivo trial, forty-two (n=42) day-old chicks were divided into seven equal groups randomly (n=6 birds/group), and were classified as: G1 (Azadirachta indica @ 18.25 mg/ml), G2 (Melia azedarach @ 15.75 mg/ml), G3 (Withania coagulans @ 25 mg/ml), G4 (Nigela sativa @ 30 mg/ml), and G5 (Calotropis procera @ 10 mg/ml) were taken as treatment groups, while G6 as a negative control, and G7 as a positive control. The...
Mohamed E. Enany1, Ahmed M. Hamouda2, Reem M. Khashaba3*
... strains with inhibition zones between 17-19 mm followed by garlic with inhibition zones between 16-18 mm and rosemary with 8-13mm. Meanwhile Ficus sycomorus and Ziziphus spina-christi have no effect against the three tested strains. Combinations of these extracts and antibiotics (amoxicillin, doxycycline and florophenicol) were applied with Decimal Assay for Additivity method with three ratios of antibiotic: plant extract (...
Qurat-ul-Ain1*, A. Ahmad2, Farhat Nazir Awan3, M. Rabbani1 and M. Hassan Mushtaq4
...ucted in 5 agro-climatic zones of Punjab, a total of 1000 serum samples from 100 dairy herds were collected and the sero-prevalence was estimated using an Ab capture ELISA assay. Inactivated BVDV vaccine was also prepared using local isolate (MK084980) and tested for induction of humoral immune response in comparison with commercial vaccine in experimental cattle calves. Calves of group A (n=5) and B (n=5) were vaccinated with self-prepared and commercial vacc...
Pakistan Journal of Zoology
December
Featuring
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Sero-Epidemiology and Evaluation of First Self-Prepared Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Vaccine in Cattle of Punjab, Pakistan
Qurat-ul-Ain, A. Ahmad, Farhat Nazir Awan, M. Rabbani and M. Hassan Mushtaq
Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 57, Iss. 1, pp. 41-49
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Effect of Serum Immunoglobulin G on Norepinephrine Transporter Expression in Mouse Sympathetic Neurons
Jian Bai, Xiyuan Dong, Longjie Gu, Jianhua Wang and Chen Gong
Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 57, Iss. 1, pp. 33-39
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The Effect of Airport Lawn Vehicles on the Flocking Behaviour of Barn Swallows
Jiaojiao Wang, Peng Pan, Tingting Wu and Jianhua Hou
Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 57, Iss. 1, pp. 25-31
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Morpho-Biometric Characterization of the North African (Tunisian) Local Chicken Populations
Nour Elhouda Fehri, Mohamed Aroua, Safa Bejaoui, Manel Ben Larbi, Sami Dridi and Bayrem Jemmali
Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 57, Iss. 1, pp. 19-24
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