Muhammad Arif Zafar1*, Arfan Yousaf1, Murtaz-ul-Hasan1, Faisal Ayub Kiayani1, Matee ul Islam2 and Muhammad Farooq Iqbal1
...administration of fluid, antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, good outcome in the calf was obtained. There was no postoperative complication suggesting that modified two-layer hand-sewn anastomosis technique was a successful technique. It was concluded that traumatic hernia may lead to septic shock and modified two-layer hand-sewn anastomosis technique may be recommended in calves with no postoperative complications and there is a good chance ...
Zahir Shah, Shakoor Ahamd, Mian Saeed Sarwar, Murad Ali Khan and Javid Ali
...herapy of broad-spectrum antibiotic was administered intramuscularly for five days as a post-operative measure. Catamnesis revealed that the healing was complete in 14 days with no recurrence and untoward consequences....
Atul Sharma, Aruna Chandra Singh, Gautam Bacher, Sunil Bhand
...rdquo; with tolerance to antibiotics has attracted the significant attention, mainly due to the consequences of multi drug resistance and potential threat to human health and the environment. With the increasing incidences of antimicrobial contamination, especially in food, dairy products, agriculture and environment, their regular monitoring is on prime interest. Aptamers are synthetic short sequences of single stranded (ss) oligonucleotides (ss-RNA or DNA), ...
Sania Subhan Qureshi, Mian Saeed Sarwar and Zahir Shah
Aiza Tahir, Muhammad Asif, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*
...e infections. Escalating antibiotic resistance strived us to explore the alternate option to control mastitis. In ongoing era, bacteriophages are an alternate possible effective remedy. Therefore, in this study the infection ability of three lytic phages SA, SANF and SA2 was determined against ten isolates of Staphylococci and one Micrococcus, isolated from five raw milk samples. Their morphological, biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA sequencing indicat...
Iram Liaqat1*, Najma Arshad2, Muhammad Arshad3, Safdar Ali Mirza4, Nazish Mazhar Ali1 and Ammara Shoukat1
...ith the increased use of antibiotics in food industry, the problem of bacterial resistance is emerging, hence leading to serious health issues. Among 24 strains isolated from Shaukat Banaspati Ghee industry (Grw) and Shezan foods (pvt) Ltd, Lahore, Pakistan food industry, 10 highly antibiotic resistant strains were subjected to morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization. 16SrRNA sequencing was performed to...
Sana Irshad Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal2, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Shaukat Hussain3
...for development of novel antibiotics to combat resistant pathogens....
Amjad Islam Aqib1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Riaz Hussain3, Saba Sana2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Kashif Hussain1 and Syed Saleem Ahmad1
...checked with twenty four antibiotics by disc diffusion method. Over all mastitis was found 52.5% (63/120) with leading subclinical (41.67%, 50/120) form of mastitis on overall milk collected data. Pathogen type was crowned by Staph. aureus with 74.5% (47/63) prevalence, following which were Streptococcus species (17.45%, 11/63), E. coli (3.17%, 2/63), and Bacillus cereus (4.76%, 3/63). Coagulase positive Staph. aureus (41 out...
Tuli Dey, Sonnet Poddar and Mukti Barua
...operative treatment with antibiotic, antihistaminic and hormonal drugs were given. This case as well as the condition of the animal were followed up and gave the result of successful recovery without any complication....
Eman M. Farghaly1, Ahmed Samy1,2*, Heba Roshdy
...about the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of major bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella and Pasteurella spp. in Egyptian quail farms. Such information is important for drug choice and success of treatment as well as spotting the light on emerging antimicrobial resistance that represent major concern for public health. A total one hundred swabs and 500 organ samples were collected from apparently healthy and freshl...
Zahir Shah, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio, Shakoor Ahmad, Ijaz Ahmad, Javid Ali, Sher Bhader Khan
...The cow was treated with antibiotics, analgesics and liver tonics during the first week post-surgery. Local antiseptic dressing was performed using povidone-iodine daily for one week and skin sutures were removed at 14 day post-operation....
Majed Rafeeq1,*, Nadeem Rashid1, Muhammad Masood Tariq1, Rassol Bakhsh Tareen2, AsadUllah1 and Zahid Mustafa1
...f broiler alternative to antibiotics. One-day-old (N=320) broiler chicks were divided into eight treatment groups with four replicates of ten chicks. Six treatments were three herbs i.e. Allium sativum, Cassia angustifolia and Artemisia scoparia @ 0.5 and 1.0% respectively, control (basal diet), and a positive control (Oxyfeed® @ 2g/kg). In the study, the treatment groups, which were given diet supplemented with herb ...
Antibacterial Activity by Chlorogenic Acid Isolated through Resin from Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca L.)
Ahmed Mujtaba1, Tariq Masud1, Asif Ahmad1, Waqar Ahmed3, Saqib Jabbar3* and Robert E. Levin2
...d was also measured. Two antibiotics were used as references compounds for antibacterial activities. The aqueous ethanolic extract having 968.125 µg/ml of chlorogenic acid inhibited significantly the growth of tested bacterial strains. Among the bacterial strain tested Salmonella entritidis and Helicobacter pylori were even more sensitive to 20.313 (µg/ml) of chlorogenic acid and showed zone of inhibition with the value of 6.0 and 7.0...
D. C. Khatua, B. Mondal and G. Saha
Bioassay of some agricultural chemicals, human drugs and disinfectants on Phytophthora melonis Katsura causing fruit and vine rot of pointed gourd
...xt-align: justify;">Some antibiotics, insecticides, disinfectants and antiprotozoal drugs were tested on Phtophthora melonis Katsura causing fruit and vine rot of pointed gourd in aqueous environment. Antifungal antibiotics viz. validamycin, kasugamycin, griseofulvin, fluconazole and ketoconazole did not have any pronounced effect on mycelial growth, sporangia formation and its germination. None of the eight
Yasemin Bircan Yildirim* and Hediye Tugce Vurmay
Jawad Anwar* and Zafar Iqbal
...is a potential source of antibiotic drugs as it showed a wide range of bioactivity against both phyto and human pathogenic bacteria. ...
Muhammad Usman Qamar1, 2, Sidrah Saleem1, Usman Arshad1, Muhammad Farhan Rasheed3, Hasan Ejaz4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Shah Jahan6,*
... range of broad spectrum antibiotics leaving the treatment options limited. Manuka honey is traditionally used for medical purposes including remedy of bacterial infection. However, scientific evidences for its antimicrobial effects particularly against NDM-1 producing bacteria are lacking. In addition to antibiotic profiling, the present study aimed at determining the in vitro anti- bacterial activity of Manuka honey...
Jing Xin Mao1,2, Guo Wei Wang2, Yuan She Huang3, Rui Wang2, Guo Ze Wang4, Bing Zeng1 and Fu Yuan Zuo1,*
...ndotoxin by means of its antibiotic and endotoxin neutralizing and disposing functions. BPI has several biological functions in mammals such as human, bovine, pig and rabbit, it also has major influence in the natural defense of the animal body. In this paper, by comparative study on BPI gene expression in various tissues between Rongchang pig and Landrace, we confirmed the expression of pig BPI gene in various tissues to determine the difference expression of...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
...Cephalosporin classes of antibiotics for confirmation of MDR isolates using disk diffusion method. MDR were tested in vitro for response against various antibiotics. A questionnaire was filled for estimation of association of assumed risk factors with prevalence. Nonparametric tests at 5% probability were applied to check significance of results. The study noted overall 33.98% (123/362) of MDR S. aureus from su...
Tasawar Sultana*, Farah Deeba* and S.M. Saqlan Naqvi*
HIGH-THROUGHPUT AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF MEDICAGO TRUNCATULA IN COMPARISON TO TWO EXPRESSION VECTORS
...of explants -1 generated antibiotic resistant plantlet on 20 mgl of hygromycin which was -1 higher than on 15mgl of hygromycin such as 12.2%. T progeny analysis 1 indicated that the transgene was inherited in Mendelian manner. The functionally active status of transgene was monitored by high level of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in transformed progeny. ...
Aqeela Ashraf1,2,*, Muhammad Imran1 and Yung-Fu Chang2
... increased resistance to antibiotics. The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis and identification of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes associated with them. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR. The results showed that 100% of isolates were resistant to penicillin, 54% to ampicillin,...
Ayesha Munir, Hafiz Muhammad Umer, Anjum Nasim Sabri and Imran Sajid*
...Streptomyces. The antibiotic resistance profile of S. mutans illustrated resistance to optochin. The antimicrobial screening of Streptomyces against S. mutans showed that these strain are the prolific producers of active agents to inhibit the growth of caries causing S. mutans. The natural extracts of Streptomyces strains significantly inhibited and delayed the biofilm formation by S. mutans and a profound effec...
Nashwa Mohamed Eid1, Al-Hussien Mohamed Dahshan1, El-Shayma El-Nahass2, Basma Shalaby3 and Ahmed Ali1*
...ment in comparison to an antibiotic control group using for 5 days. The results showed that the use of EOs improved growth performance of broiler chickens especially when used as preventive feed additive continuously. The thyme EO showed better anticlostridial activity in terms of reduced CP counts in intestine and alleviation of intestinal damage caused by infection. In conclusion, the EOs are effective feed additives to treat and/or prevent NE in poultry. Fu...
Faisal Masood*1, Ranjit Kumar Sah2 and Ahmad Humayun Sarfaraz3
...d with dressing and oral antibiotics according to culture and sensitivity. There were no loss of reduction
Conclusion: Our pilot study demonstrates good result with CRPCP (Faisal’s Technique) in volar Barton’s fracture and warrants further randomized control trial study to establish its efficacy in such cases.
...
Madeeha Arshad1, Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1, Shagufta Andleeb2 and Naveed Ahmad3,*
Muhammad Sarfraz*, Shahida Hasnain
...inst several beta-lactam antibiotics. This study was conducted on 11,725 specimens collected from hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients from July 2013 to June 2016. API 20E system has been used to identify K. pneumoniae and E. coli; preliminary screening for AmpC beta-lactamase production was done by cefoxitin disc followed by inhibitor based confirmatory method. Antibiogram was performed following CLSI guidelines 2013. Of 11,725 clinical sp...
Syed Aun Muhammad1, Muhammad Soaib Said2, Shams Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Dawood2, Muneer Ahmed Qazi3 and Nighat Fatima2,*
...st all the β-lactam antibiotics. Therefore, NDM-1 inhibitors can play an important role against these emerging highly resistant microorganisms. The existing beta lactamase inhibitors are considered ineffective against these superbugs and there is an urgent need for discovery of novel drugs with selective potential. In this study, we illuminate the binding mode of pimarane diterpenes (diaporthein A and diaporthein B) to the NMD-1 by molecular docking. A co...
Safia Rehman1, Nazish Mazhar Ali1,*, Gerald B. Pier2, Iram Liaqat1 and Bushra Mazhar1
...porary information about antibiotic resistances that are present in isolates from different environments. In the present study 72 samples from blood, 43 from sputum, and 19 were obtained from tracheal aspirates patients suffering from chronic and acute lung infections admitted to a local hospital in Lahore. Susceptibility of 134 isolates of P. aeruginosa was tested against selected antibiotics (meropenem, imipenem, pi...
Xiaqing Chen, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...spp. produce a series of antibiotic metabolites that can inhibit plant pathogens. Trichoderma hamatum isolated from infected mulberry fruits was evaluated for its efficiency to suppress plant pathogen S. shiraiana alone or in combination with fungicide carbendazim under laboratory conditions. The results showed that S. shiraiana was not detected on mulberry leaves and branches, whereas it was only detected in mulberry fruits. <...
Arifa Mehreen1, Iram Liaqat2,Muhammad Arshad3, Muzzamil Waheed4 and Najma Arshad1,*
...was used to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility. Virulence-associated genes were detected using PCR while association analysis was used to test the likelihood of strains carrying combinations of genes involved in toxin production and/or host immune evasion. Highest resistance was observed against beta-lactam group followed by cephalosporin, lincosamide, tetracycline, macrolides and aminoglycosides. No resistance was observed against vancomycin and linezolid...
Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus1*, Olabode Mayowa Peter2, Muhammad Adamu Abbas3 and Mohammed Dauda Goni4
...eria predates the era of antibiotic use. However, resistance developments in S. aureus have been reported since the early 1940-ties, when penicillin resistant S. aureus was first reported. Ever since, this pathogen has gain global notoriety as the most common cause of nosocomial, community and livestock associated infection. The mechanism of resistance development in bacteria involved the integration of a complex systems that included the efflux pump, alterati...
Junaid Akhtar1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Abdul Waheed1, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed4 and Shah Jahan5,*
...;-lactam ring containing antibiotics predominantly carbapenems, are considered as last treatment option against multi-drug resistance GNR infections. However, the emergence of carbapenemases particularly metallo β-lactamases (MBLs) in bacteria have severely mitigated the efficiency of carbapenems. MBLs producing gram-negative bacteria have been reported from various hospital settings, worldwide. However, data is lacking in Pakistan regarding their frequen...
Nimra Naseer, Adeela Fatima and Imran Sajid*
...o replace currently used antibiotics in order to evade resistance. Currently, the pathogenic organisms of concern are methicillin and vancomycin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter spp., extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus spp. In this study, a collection of nineteen actinomycetes strains isolated f...
Amjad Islam Aqib1,*, Shagufta Nighat2, Rais Ahmed3, Saba Sana3, Muhammad Ameen Jamal4, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar2 , Naimat Ullah Khan5, Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Muhammad Asif Hussain5, Asadullah5, Attaur Rahman5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman5,*
...stem, use of beta-lactam antibiotics, parity, and poor hygiene were potential risk factors. Altogether, the study concluded high incidence of SCM and isolation rate of staphylococci that were found resistant against most of the commonly used antibiotics.
...
Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Saiqa Andleeb2, Bushra Mazhar1, Anum Imtiaz1, Shaukat Ali2*
Assessment of antibiogram and resistogram of pathogenic bacteria isolated from irrigated wheat field water
...cacy of heavy metals and antibiotics against five isolated bacterial pathogens. Different morphological and biochemical tests were performed to identify and characterize bacterial pathogens. Among isolated strains, two belong to genus Staphylococcus spp., other two were Pseudomonas spp. and one strain belonged to genus Salmonella spp. Effect of various parameters such as temperature and pH on growth of pathogens were also studied. Antibiogram and resistogram a...
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zaheer1, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Muhammad Shafique1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar1
... testing against various antibiotics as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were subjected to detection of Metallo-beta-lactamase production by Double Disc Diffusion test (DDDT) and Modified Hodge’s test. In 152 specimens, different species identified in order of their frequency were; Klebsiella pneumoniae (59; 38.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (46; 30.3%), Escherichia coli (3...
Sabi-Ur-Rehman1, Anwar Khalid2, Qazi Najam Us Saqib3, Farooq Ahmad1, Shaheed-Ur-Rehman4, Neelam Zaman3, Ayeza Mehmood5 and Abdul Samad6*
...y;">In order to overcome antibiotic drugs resistance, plants provide source for discovery of new antimicrobial drugs. This study was carried out, include in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal screening of aqueous methanolic extracts as well as crude saponins isolated from leaves and roots of Sarcococca saligna, using disc diffusion method. The tested bacterial strains include, B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus, P. fluorescens and fungal strains were Aspergillus....
Umar Farooq Gohar1, Hamid Mukhtar1,*, Ali Nawaz1, Ikram-ul-Haq1 and Asad Mehmmood2
...he maximum production of antibiotic (cephalosporin) by isolated fungal strain Acremonium chrysogenum (IIB-10). The strain IIB-10 was cultivated on medium containing (%, w/v): Baker’s flour, 1.5; corn meal, 2; Methyl oleate, 1.6; calcium carbonate, 0.3 and ammonium sulphate, 0.1. The cultural conditions such as incubation temperature (30°C), pH (6.5) and inoculum size and age (2%, w/v, 48 h) were optimized. The maximum cephalosporin production ...
Abdul Maalik1, Shahzad Ali1,*, Anam Iftikhar1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Haroon Ahmad2 and Iahtasham Khan1
...ical mastitis along with antibiotic resistance of one of the causative agent of bovine mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus. Ninety milk samples were collected from cows and buffaloes kept at different localities in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. The possible risk factors inquired from farmers were animal type, breeds, urbanicity, age (years), teat washing, bedding area, lactating stage and previous exposure of mastitis. Initially surf field mastitis test...
Sumreen Hayat1,6, Muhammad Hussnain Siddique2, Bilal Aslam1, Habibullah Nadeem2, Asma Ashraf3, Muhammad Saqalein1, Mohsin Khurshid4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Saima Muzammil1,*
...e aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and characterization of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae isolated from children of different age groups. K. pneumoniae isolated from blood and urine samples were identified through API® 20E kit. Antibiogram was determined by disc diffusion method and isolates were screened for ESBL production using double-disc synergy test (DDST). Molecular detection for the presence of bla-...
Emel Banu Buyukunal1,*, Rojan Ibrahim Albazaz1 and Mehmet Ali Bal2,3
...r the world. Presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in food producing animals is considered an important transmission source for both direct and indirect transfer of those bacteria to human. For this reason, 45 cloacal samples comprising from 23 Japanase quails and 22 chickens were analyzed by conventional and molecular methods for E. coli isolation in this study. Subsequently, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of E. coli isolates (n=71) w...
Sher Bahadar Khan1,2,*, Zou Geng1, Cheng Yu-ting1, Asad Sultan3, Mumtaz Ali4,5, Irshad Ahmad6 and Rui Zhou1
...lates were tested for 15 antibiotics (CRO, AMX, GEN, STR, TET, CHL, CLR, LVX, OFX, GAT, CIP, SXT, AMP, LIN and AZM) according to the disc diffusion method and antibiotic resistant genes {tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), strA/strB, aadA, aac(3)IV), aadB, sul1, sul2 and sul3, blaCMY-2, blaTEM and blaSHV} using mPCR. Resistance for LIN was the highest in overall (96.3%, 77/80) isolates as well as from pig farms (100%, 20/20) and differe...
Shafqat Husnain Khan1, Shah Jahan2, Irshad Ahmad3,4, Sadeeq ur Rahman5,* and Tayyab ur Rehman4,*
Zia-ud-Din1, Muhammad Nauman Aftab2, Tanveer Hussain3,*, Irfana Iqbal4 and Asma Zafar5
...s experimental period on antibiotic and probiotic supplemented ration. The results showed that the female growth, weight gain, FCR and economics varied significantly for feed supplements as well as for chicken varieties (P<0.05). The chickens given feed with probiotic (@1g/kg of feed were of more economic value than those fed on antibiotic supplemented feed and control with highest live body weight of 183.58±6.31g ...
Shad Mahfuz1,2, Shuyuan Wang1, Mo Chen1, Fei Zao1, Dong Zhen1,
Zhongjun Liu4 and Hui Song1,3*
...div>The extensive use of antibiotics in poultry industry with the purpose of increasing production performance has led to human health hazards. A driving force for the interest of using natural herbs is to eliminate the use of low-dose antibiotics in poultry production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Flammulina velutipes stem waste (FVW) inclusion in laying hens diet on production...
Mo Chen1, Shad Mahfuz1, 2, Yan Cui1, Liying Jia1, Zhongjun Liu3 and Hui Song1, 4*
...; control diet including antibiotic (0.05% flavomycin) as an antibiotic group; 2% FVS fed group; 4% FVS fed group and 6%FVS fed group. The experimental duration was total 63 days, from 30 wk to 39 wk. Serum total antioxidant (T-AOC) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in 6%FVS than control; glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in FVS fed groups and control groups than in the
Hala Rajab1, Muhammad Sayyar Khan1*, Safdar Hussain Shah1 and Syed Mehar Ali Shah2
...achieved using selective antibiotic kanamycin 50 mgL-1. NtSAT4 gene integration into the plants genome was confirmed by PCR using the NtSAT4 gene specific primers. The positive transgenic lines were successfully acclimatized to soil and glass house conditions. The developed transgenic lines have the potential to overproduce high levels of cysteine and glutathione for enhanced stress tolerance especially against heavy metals. ...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Sehrish Kanwa1, Asma Chaudhary2, Ayesha Siddiqua1
...spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic of third generation, is widely used to treat respiratory and genitourinary infections. Keeping in view the controversy about its toxicity, current study was conducted to assess the levofloxacin induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and its likely noxious effects on spermatogenesis in mammals. Forty mice, randomly categorized into four groups (N=10) were administered orally with different concentrations of levofloxacin (0.00...
Barkat Ali1,2, Wasim Sajjad1,2,3, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Rafiq1, Sahib Zada1, Aamer Ali Shah1 and Fariha Hasan1,*
...g microorganisms against antibiotics already in use. Microorganisms from unusual environments, such as reported from the surface and inside of rocks are a repository of certain metabolites that might be able to solve the problem of increasing resistance against antibiotics. The present study was designed to isolate endolithic and epilithic bacterial strains from the rapidly weathering rocks collected from Nathiagali, Pakista...
Saleha Ashfaq1, Manzoor Hussain1, Nazish Bibi2, Jan Alam1, Muhammad Junaid2 and Sabi-Ur-Rehman3*
...anisms studied. Standard antibiotics were used as a positive control for bacteria and fungi respectively. The cytotoxic assay results showed that methanolic extracts of stem and root of H. gilesii had toxic effects on brine shrimp larvae with LD50 values of 116.72 µg/ml and 168.16 µg/ml respectively. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic parameters reported can be considered as quality standards of H. gilesii in herbal industry. ...
Muhammad Rehan3, Asim Aslam3, Javeria Umber4, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan3, Waqar Azeem3, Hassan Aftab5, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Abid6, Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hafiz Hasnain Ayoub5, Altaf Hussain2 and Muhammad Farooq Khalid1*
...stance to currently used antibiotics requires cost effective alternatives while vitamin D can serve as inexpensive therapeutic agent in prophylaxis as well as treatment of several infections. This review summarizes current knowledge on complex immune-modulatory role of vitamin D at cellular level as well as different mechanisms through which vitamin D exert protective role against different viral, bacterial, parasitic infections and non-infectious disorders. &...
Imdad Ullah Khan1, Shehla Gull Bokhari2, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Ikramul Haq3*and Naimat Ullah Khan4
...y after a post-operative antibiotic and antipyretic cover for 7 days.
...
Nahed H. Ghoneim, Maha A. Sabry, Zeinab S. Ahmed and Esraa A. Elshafiee*
...genes, respectively. The antibiotic resistance of the Campylobacter isolates was determined via the disc diffusion method and was observed most frequently to nalidixic acid (81.8 %), tetracycline (72.7 %), ciprofloxacin (54.5 %), and erythromycin (54.5 %), while low resistance to ceftriaxone (18.2 %) was detected. Among the 11 Campylobacter isolates, 9 isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). The tet (O) gene, which is responsible for tetr...
Sana Aslam1, Wayne Thomas Shier2 and Imran Sajid1*
...s the discovery of novel antibiotics and other biotechnologically useful compounds has been exhausted so molecular characterization of actinomycetes from less explored habitats may be an alternate solution to this challenge. The aim of this study was to explore the actinobacterial diversity of the saline lake, situated in the salt range, Punjab, Pakistan and to screen them for antagonistic activities against multi drug resistant pathogens and to characterize t...
Tasbihullah1, Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*, Tariq Ali3 , Umer Saddique1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Shafiq4, Sultan Ayaz2, Hamayun Khan1, Ijaz Ahmad1 Asadullah2, Raheela Taj5, Hafiz Nidaullah6 and Alamgir Khan7
...ree different classes of antibiotics. Class 1 integron was carried by (21/24) followed by additional class 2 integron (15/24). A total of 8 isolates were harboring insertion sequence common region 1 (ISCR1), which was found to be linked with blaCTXM in 50% (4/8) isolates. Results of the current study indicate contamination of eggs with ESBL-producing E. coli suggesting to improve hygienic process for end consumer during- egg pro...
Imran Khan1, Muhammad Nawaz1,*, Aftab Ahmad Anjum1, Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad2, Adnan Mehmood1, Masood Rabbani1, Amina Mustafa1 and Muhammad Asad Ali1
...oup 10 started receiving antibiotic at day 01 to 10 and challenge bacteria at day 07. Birds were challenged with a single dose of 106 cfu of Salmonella enteritidis by oral gavage. D-xylose absorption capacity and gut morphometric parameters (villus height, crypt depth and villus height to crypt depth ratio) were studied at day 35. Broiler administered with IKP23, IKP111 and IKP333 significantly improved villus height and villus height to cryp...
Hui-Ying Chen1,2*, Ping-Chuan Yin1,2, Ya-Nan Lu1,2, Hai-Yun Li1,2*and Yang Shan3
...s, carbon metabolism and antibiotic effects. The results revealed that the substance exhibited abundant biosynthesis and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Subsequently, the following top 10 hub genes were identified to the PPI network: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit β, ribosomal 60S subunit protein (RPL) 8A, RPL9A, RPL6B, ribosomal 40S subunit protein (RPS) 9B, RPL31B, RPL27B, RPS14B, RPL22B and RPL22A. In conclusion, the DEGs and Hub genes identifi...
Sana Khan1, Raheela Taj1, Noor Rehman2, Asad Ullah3, Imad Khan3 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3,*
...rmine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum β-lactamases producing C. freundii clinical isolates. A total of 2950 clinical samples were collected from both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients of Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar, and processed by for isolation of C. freundii followed by phenotypic detection of β-lactamases and antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Our resul...
Murtala Muhammad, Ting Zhang, Siyu Gong, Jing Bai, Jiansong Ju, Baohua Zhao* and Dong Liu*
...he possible emergence of antibiotic resistant strains. The bacteria was responsible for the disease outbreak that caused massive mortality of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) in 2016. We isolated the pathogenic bacteria (HNM-1) from the infected A. sinensis and identified its identity by conventional physiological, biochemical, and molecular techniques. Virulence and pathogenesis of the disease were determined by intraperitoneal injection of...
Pravin Mishra1, Md. Muket Mahmud2, Md. Ahosanul Haque Shahid2, Alamgir Hasan2, Vivek Kumar Yadav3 and Moinul Hasan1*
...tify;">The resistance of antibiotics to organisms is a matter of global concern. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is rapidly increasing in both humans and animals. A two and half years old indigenous calf brought with myiasis wound and bacteria associated with myiasis wound was studied and further molecular detection confirms the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the outer part of the wound but not from th...
Aribah Naz1*, Uzma Badar1,Afsheen Arif2*, Zaid Qureshi1, Sondas Saeed1,Erum Shoeb1, Maqsood Ali Ansari1 and Obaid Yusuf Khan1
...MTC for heavy metals and antibiotics were determined. Morphological, Biochemical and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing have been done for the identification of the strain. 16S region was amplified by PCR and subjected to DNA sequencing. The sequence data analysis of the isolated strain showed 98% homology with Vibrio harveyi species. The sequence obtained has been submitted to NCBI under GenBank Accession# KY653092. Characterization of luminescen...
Tahseen Ullah* and Noor ul Amin
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts
...rcuma longa and standard antibiotic tetracycline was carried out in the biosafety level 3 Microbiology Lab, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK. Two different concentrations (low, 5 mg/ml and high extracts, 300 mg/ml) of these plants were evaluate against two different bacterial strains i.e. Bacillus subtilis and E. coli using disc diffusion method to uncover antibacterial potential of the plants extracts. The antibacterial investiga...
Sher Bahadar Khan1, Mumtaz Ali Khan2,*, Hameed Ullah Khan3, Sher Ali Khan4, Shah Fahad5, Faheem Ahmad Khan6, Irshad Ahmad7, Nighat Nawaz8, Sidra Bibi9 and Muhammad Muneeb10
...lates were tested for 15 antibiotics using disc diffusion method followed by detection of their respective antimicrobial resistant genes. Overall prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni was 14% being higher in Peshawar division (21%) followed by Bannu division (16%), Malakand division (13%) and Hazara division (8%). Over all highest antibiotic resistance was found against AMX (93%) followed by LIN (88%), AMP (86%), TET (82...
Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Amjad Islam Aqib2*, Ambreen Ashar3, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Muhammad Shoaib4, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1 and Shagufta Nighat5
...esponse to commonly used antibiotics is not only becoming worrisome in bpSA but also in non-biofilm producing S. aureus (nbpSA). Current study was planned to detect bpSA from dairy milk, confirmation of presumed risk factors, and comparative analysis of antibiogram of bpSA and nbpSA at various cadre. Milk samples (n=250) from cattle (n=90) and buffalo (n=160) were aseptically collected from various dairy farms and put to biofilm detection and antibiogra...
Ayesha Talib1,2, Khanzadi Nazneen Manzoor1, Wajahat Ali1, Maria Saeed1, Muhammad Asif Gondal1, Malik Badshah3 and Abid Ali Khan1*
...ance towards a number of antibiotics in a variety of microorganisms is expanding at an alarming pace. There is a dire need to devise novel tactics to deal with these minute yet evolving ever clever microscopic entities. One of the possible ways to fight them is through nanoparticles. Green synthesis is an easy way to synthesize nanoparticles by using biological resources as it is cost effective, eco-friendly and large-scale production possibilities exist. Copp...
Adeen Kiran1, Umar Farooq Gohar1*, Ayesha Farooq1, Malik Muhammad Asif2 and Hamid Mukhtar1
Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance using Plant Extracts
...With the passage of time antibiotic resistance is prevailing in microbes and current drugs are not effective enough to cure infectious diseases caused by these resistant pathogens. In this battle, there is a continuous need to develop new drugs or compounds that can cure these infections or to reverse the antibiotic resistance in these pathogens. In recent years different experimental approaches highlighted the importance of...
Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq1*, Muhammad Kamran1, Muhammad Idrees1, Shahid Nazir2, Ihsan Ullah3, Sumera Naz1, Shaukat Ali1 and Muhammad Zafar Iqbal2
Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Citri Associated with Kinnow (Mandarin) and its Management
...f commercially available antibiotics against the pathogen was evaluated in the lab and in field conditions. A systematic survey of randomly ten localities/sampling sites was conducted for a reliable estimation of citrus canker disease in District Sargodha of Punjab Province. Nine sampling sites showed 90 % the presence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and only one site was free of citrus canker disease. Total cellular DNA was isolated from freshly growing a...
Amjad Ali, Kafeel Ahmad*and Shaista Rahat
...tive. This study reports antibiotic susceptibility pattern, multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index and prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa collected from tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan.A total of 187 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected. Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by Kirby Bauer disc diffu...
Iram Liaqat1*, Tahir Hussain1,2, Aisha Waheed Qurashi3, Gulbeena Saleem2, Asia Bibi4, Muhammad Fiaz Qamar5,ShaukatAli1 and Ikram-ul-Haq6
...d epidemic along with an antibiotic therapy. The future prospects of the current study may include the testing of these proteases in poultry feed to see their effect on S. Gallinarum pathogenesis in vivo.
...
Uwem E. George1, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo2, Oluseyi A. Olayinka3, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah4, Temitope O.C. Faleye3,5, Bolaji Oluremi6, Arthur O. Oragwa7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel E. Udoh9, Oluwadamilola G. Osasona1,10, Emmanuel Donbraye11, Olufunke P. Adeniji12, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi3,13* and Johnson A. Adeniji3,13,14
...use, misuse and abuse of antibiotic administration and/or usage in both humans and farm animals have led to a consistent interference and contamination of biomes and ecobiomes. These resultantly give platforms for positive selection of resistant pathogens and high levels of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs). We examined Nigerian Chimpanzees in Boki Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary, Cross-River State, Nigeria, to detect ARGs....
Basharat Ahmed1, Muhammad Hamza Azhar2, Farah R. Shakoori1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,3,*
...s in response to fifteen antibiotics. Campylobacter isolates were identified as C. jejuni (66.4%) and C. coli (33.6%). An over whelming majority of isolates were recovered from children (72%), 52 % were from male patients. The highest number of strains was isolated in summer (30.8 %) followed by in autumn (25.3 %) and in spring (22.6 %). The lowest number of strains was isolated in winter (21.2 %). The isolates showed highest resistance ag...
Oluseyi A. Olayinka1, Temitope O.C. Faleye2, Oladipo O. Omotosho3, Oladapo A. Odukaye3, Bolaji Oluremi4, Ibipeju H. Ibitoye1, Oludayo O. Ope-Ewe1, Uwem E. George5, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo6, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel Donbraye9, Olufunke P. Adeniji10, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi1,11* and Johnson A. Adeniji1,11,12
... targeted broad-spectrum antibiotics with over 50% targeting Tetracyclines. Five (ant(6)-Ia_3, tet(40)_1, tet(Q)_1, tet(W)_5 and tet(O/W)_4) of the ARGs were predicted to be plasmid-borne. Our findings show that the Swine industry in the region might be both a mixing pot and reservoir of ARGs. It is therefore crucial that effort is made to educate the stakeholders on the importance of good antibiotics stewardship....
Iqra Muzammil1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Amjad Islam Aqib2,*, Ambreen Ashar3, Syed Ashar Mahfooz1, Sajjad ur Rahman4, Muhammad Shoaib4, Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Imran Khan Sohrani1, Javeed Ahmad1, Razaullah Saqi1, Fizzah Laeeq Lodhi1 and
Qaisar Tanveer5
...diversified responses to antibiotic.
...
Muhamamd Rizwan1*, Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Kashif3, Aneela Zameer Durrani4, Asghar Abbas5, Tanveer Ahmad6, Muhammad Nadeem7 , Kinza Khan8
... bacterial virulence and antibiotics resistance. CRISPR Cas system is an integral part of prokaryotic (Bacteria and Archaea) immune system that provides protection against viral infection. When bacteria recognize viral DNA inside it, bacteria incorporate small fragment of viral DNA into its genome at specific site termed as CRISPR locus. Insertion of viral DNA at CRISPR locus allows to remember, diagnose and clear the viral infection by the mechanism of sequen...
Eman A. Ahmed1, Osama Y. shalaby2, Emad F. Dwidar2, Samah A. Mokbel1 and Ahmed K. El-Attar1
...ugh tissue culture using antibiotic compound (tetracycline hydrochloride in three concentrations 25mgL-1, 50mgL-1 and 75mgL-1), irradiation by three doses (3, 5 and 10 Gy) of gamma ray and natural compound (1ml of garlic juice). All treatments proven to be a very useful effect against phytoplasma, except concentration 25 mgL-1 of tetracycline hydrochloride. The findings of this study have proven treatment at lower dose of gamma rays (3 Gy) of efficient methods...
Md. Sahidur Rahman1*, Tishita Ape1, Md. Islam1 and Sharmin Chowdhury2
... justify;">Inappropriate antibiotic use in dairy farms poses a major hazard to food safety and leads to the development of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the perspective of dairy farmers regarding antibiotic use as well as its residual and resistance effect. We collected data from 101 dairy farmers in Chattogram, Bangladesh. The results revealed that ceftriaxone, gentam...
Muhammad Noman Koondhar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1,*, Muhammad Ammar Khan2, Riaz Ahmed Leghari3 and Parkash Dewani4
...was recorded against the antibiotics of penicillin group (88.5 to 93.7%), followed by the aminoglycosides (68.4 to 85.5%), tetracycline (73.9 to 78.6%), and quinolones (59.6 to 63.1%). While lowest resistance level was observed against the antibiotics of cephalosporin group (32.1 to 52.6%). Among 13 isolates of S. Pullorum, a highest number (10 isolates) showed resistance against neomycin, kanamycin and tetracy...
Maimoona Imran1,2, Soumble Zulfiqar2, Hafsa Saeed2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...otential against various antibiotics. KW was found to be resistant to broader range of antibiotics as compared to CC. All these characteristics viz., high tolerance against Cu++, excellent Cu++ uptake and efflux abilities, remarkable multi metal resistance potential and tolerance against substantial ranges of temperature and pH make K. pneumoniae KW an efficient tool for cleaning Cu++...
Zhongyong Wu1, Wenzhu Li2, Chunxia Ni1, Zhuolin He1, Xiao Hou1 and Wanxia Pu1*
...ronments, and the use of antibiotics may be the reasons for the varied distribution of different genotypes in those provinces.
...
Arsalan Khan1*, Navid Anjum2, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Shakeeb Ullah3,
Ali Zaman3, Kamran Safdar3, Khalid Muhammad3, Ambrina Tariq4,
Muhammad Inam Malik3, Muhammad Kamal Shah3, Atiq ur Rehman3
and Hamza Maris3
.../i> mixed with formalin, antibiotic and vegetable oil to prepare the vaccine. This vaccine was administered thrice (at weekly interval) in 15 cattle @ 1ml/50 Kg of the body weight of each animal accordingly. Fifteen cohort cattle of different age groups served as controls, administered with the standard acaricidal drug, ivermectin. At the end of each week post administration of this oil based whole crude larval extract, the number of hard ticks was counted wit...
Amjed Ali1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Sehrish Firyal1, Abu Saeed Hashmi2, Asif Nadeem3, Shagufta Saeed1, Ali Raza Awan1 and Muhammad Wasim1
...st suitable strategy for antibiotic resistance detection in bacteria. This project was an initial step for the production of β-lactamase for clinical diagnostics in Pakistan. The current work deals with the optimization of conditions for higher level production of recombinant β-lactamase from Bacillus subtilis R5. Supplementation of LB medium with various carbon sources including wheat bran, rice bran and molasses could increase the enzyme pro...
Waqar Ali1,3*, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Abida Arshad1, Guifu Dai3,Safir Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Arshad Malik4, Imran Ullah1 and Ihsan Ullah1
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Khushi Muhammad2,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal3
...roup A were treated with antibiotic (fluoreconical @ 0.08 mg Se/kg BW) and NSAID (phenylbutazone @ 8mg/kg BW) after every 8 h and immune booster (Selevit® @ 20ml) daily by IV route. The members in groups B were treated similarly except that they were not given immune booster. Both groups were treated for three consecutive days. The effectiveness of a particular treatment regime was evaluated on the basis of disappearance of clinical biomarkers, ...
Mst. Deloara Begum1, Md. Muniruzzaman1, Md. Salauddin2* and Md. Mostafizer Rahman1
...ristics, biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility test. All most 100% dried and 20% cooked fish sample were contaminated. In this study seven different species and 168 isolates were identified from dried fish and these were Escherichia coli 21.43% (36), Vibrio spp. 18.45% (31), Staphylococcus spp.17.86% (30), Pseudomonas spp.17.86% (30), Salmonella spp.12.5% (21), Shigella spp. 8.93% (15) and Klebsiella spp. 2.97% (5). In cooked fish 9 isolates were identifie...
Adel M. Abdelrahman1, Sahar R. Mohamed1, Soliman M. Soliman2, Sherif Marouf3*
Ayesha Muzamil, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Shaukat Ali, Iram Liaqat, Aamir Ali, Muhammad Summer
...on steroidal drugs i.e., antibiotics are used to treat inflammatory disorders. Theses synthetic drugs have many side effects on the health such as gastrointestinal problems, stomach ulcers, dizziness, liver or kidney problems etc. Cytokines play an important role in the induction and suppression of inflammation. Cytokines are diverse form of proteins that act pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The main component of immunity is IL-1. IL-6 cytokine play its r...
Eman H. Mahrous1, Mohamed. W. Abd Al -Azeem2, Faisal A. Wasel1, Waleed Younis2*
Stephen Chijioke Emencheta1, Chinelo Charity Eze1, Anthony Amaechi Attama2, Damian Ejike Agbo1 and Ebele Benedette Onuigbo1*
... with nine (9) different antibiotics, including;aztreonam (ATM), chloramphenicol (CPL), gentamicin (GTN), tetracycline (TTE), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), meropenem (MEM), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ceftriaxone (CRO)). Plaque assay was done to determine lytic action of the bacteriophage on the lawns of the Pseudomonas sp. The host range of the isolated bacteriophages was also assessed. Cultural characteristics and biochemi...
Prima Mei Widiyanti1*, Mirnawati B Sudarwanto2, Etih Sudarnika2, Raphaella Widiastuti1
...e of the fluoroquinolone antibiotics used for therapy in animals. The presence of enrofloxacin antibiotic residue in milk could affect product quality and human health. This study aimed to determine the heating effect of enrofloxacin antibiotic in milk. The milk samples spiked with enrofloxacin antibiotic were submitted to thermal treatments. The milk sa...
Asmaa G. Mubarak1*, Mona M. Mustafa2, Mohamed W. Abdel-Azeem3, Dina N. Ali2
Syed Sikandar Habib1*, Saira Naz2, Sehar Khalid3, Rimsha Kanwal2, Iqra Ameer1, Sadia Nawaz1 Aamir Khan4, Abid Ur Rehman5, Muqaddas Kousar6, Shafa Ullah Khan7 and Nadia Nazir7
...rfect immune stimulator, antibiotic alternative and growth promotor. The current research was conducted to assess the effect of variant level of Agaricus bisporus on immunity and haematological parameters of Oreochromis niloticus. A total of 120 healthy fishes with average weight 24.0 ± 12.5g were distributed randomly into four fiber glass tanks in triplicates (each tank contains 10 fishes). The experimental diet was prepared with variant concentration ...
Keiven Mark B. Ampode1*, Federico C. Mendoza2
...lic health concerns over antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry feed has been banned in the European Union since 2006. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the effects of oregano powder (OP) as phytobiotic feed additives on the growth performance and cell-mediated immunity of broiler chickens. A total of sixty-day-old Cobb-broiler chickens were used in the study and arranged in ...
Xiaoli Cai1,2, Saeed Ahmed3, Zhixin Lei1,*, Jianping Wu1,* and Taolei Sun1,2,*
... as compared to ordinary antibiotics. The nanoparticle has unique physical and chemical properties, a large surface area, and an electric charge. Additionally, its antibacterial drug encapsulation can make it easier to enter the cell and improve the concentration in the target tissue. In the current review, the purpose is to find a more effective nanometer system to fight against intracellular bacterial infection. Current observation describes the drug resista...
Mohamed S. Hussein1*, Hanan A. Fahmy2, Ashraf A. Abd El Tawab3
...nes and fluoroquinolones antibiotics revealed that 62 (86.1%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, with highest resistance rates observed against first generation (86.1% for nalidixic acid, and 81.9% for flumequine), and lowest rate against levofloxacin (33.3%). A total of 24 isolates, dsplaying high resistance to at least 5 fluroquinolone antibiotics, were then screened for plasmid-...
Mohammed H. Galhoum1, Hamza M. Eed2, Essam S. Soliman1*
...gainst 60% of the tested antibiotics reflects a serious problem with the hygienic and biosecurity measures taken in the poultry and slaughterhouses, as well the extensive use of the antibiotic contributed to the recorded high resistance among the isolated strains.
Keywords | Antimicrobial, Broiler chickens, Conventional, Molecular, Prevalence, Salmonella
...
Syed Haseeb Ahmed Shah, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Abdul Samad, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Sumaira Fazal, Niamatullah Kakar, Sabeera Afzal and Asadullah
... that supplementation of antibiotics used in broiler chicks at sub-therapeutic level is beneficial for growth performance parameters....
Mirza Lena1,2, Dinda Fathia Syahramadani2, Alfi Nurrachma Gustya2, Arif Darmawan2,3, Sumiati2, Wiwin Winarsih4, Minoru Maeda5, Komang Gede Wiryawan2*
...negative impacts such as antibiotic residue and antimicrobial resistance. Alternative feed additives should be developed to replace the use of AGP in poultry production. Hence, the study aimed to evaluate the effects of combined dietary probiotics L. lactis D1813 and B. licheniformis D3270 on broiler performance, energy utilization, intestinal morphology, and microbial population. A total of 600 one-d-old Lohmann broiler chicks of 300 males and 300 females wer...
Kanakuntla Sandhyarani*, Dhoppalapudi Madhuri, Yadala Ravikumar
...t into toxicity includes antibiotics, anticoccidials, manufactured chemicals, and pesticides can also induce gout in poultry. Clinical signs include decreased feed and water intake, lethargy, ruffled feathers, weight loss and abnormal droppings. Clinically, the body fluid reveals increase in TEC, TLC, Hb and PCV and decreased alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatases (ALP), serum total proteins, serum albumin and gluta...
Heba Mohamed Shaheen1, Ali Meawad Ahmed1*, Hosny Abdelltief Abdelrahman1, Rania Helmy Abohatab Abdou2, Aya Salama Mohamed Kamel1
...most conventionally used antibiotics for raising chicken in Egypt. The occurrence of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken is the chief causes of the development of antibiotic resistance in food-borne pathogens. Antibiotic resistance is setting the achievements of present day medication at chance. Therefore, in this study 300 chilled broilers carcasses ...
Imtiaz Ali Shah1*, Maleeha Anwar1, Rafiullah2, Inamullah Wazir1, Muhammad Hasnain Riaz1, Abdur Raziq1, Muhammad Ijaz Ali1, Faizul Hassan1, Khalid Khan3, Yasin Ahmad4, Irshad Ahmad5, Muhammad Ibrahim Rashid5, Muhammad Tariq Zeb1*
... Salmonella species. The antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that Salmonella isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, and kanamycin while isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin and streptomycin. These positive samples were further investigated and confirmed through PCR by targeting serovars specific genes i.e rfbJ, fliC, fljB for S. Typhimurium and ST11, SPV, SefA for S. Enteritidis. Th...
Ni Putu Vidia Tiara Timur1*, Maria Maliga Vernandes Sasadara2, Purwanta1, Anak Agung Jayawardhita3
...gery medication using an antibiotic, an anti-inflammatory agent and supportive therapy. Regular monitoring was conducted for two months before it was confirmed that no saliva was re-accumulated.
Keywords | Salivary mucocele, Surgery, Treatment, Local dog, Bali
...
Samah Samir, Amal Awad*, Gamal Younis
...ds1, qseC and pvsA), and antibiotic susceptibility profile of E. tarda in Nile tilapia collected from Egyptian fish farms. Between December 2019 and March 2020, 250 Nile tilapia were collected from five fish farms located at Dakahlia governorate. Organ tissue samples from liver, kidneys, gills, skin and spleen were examined bacteriologically for the presence of E. tarda; and confirmed by PCR targeting gyrB1 gene. Disk diffusion was used to test their antimicro...
Jumshaid Iqbal1, Muhammad Sharif1*, Muhammad Nadeem Suleman2, Muhammad Saeed3, Fawwad Ahamd1, Asghar Ali kamboh4, Tugay AyaĹźan5 and Muhammad Arslan3
...ate the effects of a non-antibiotic growth promoter on growth performance and histomorphology in broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four treatment groups with three replicates per treatment (10 chicks per replicate) under Completely Randomized Design. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets i.e. A, B, C and D were supplemented with a natural growth promoter (NGP) at the rate of 0 (control), 1.5, 3 ...
Treatment Approaches of Ovine Fungal Diseases using Antibiotics and Ethnoveterinary Medicinal Plants
Djadouni Fatima* and Meliani Amina
Kafeel Ahmad*, Muhammad Siqaf, Gul-E-Rana Abid, Ramla Somayya and Umama Qasim
...ffusion method using the antibiotics cefotaxime (30 µg), ceftazidime (30 µg), cefepime (30 µg), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (30 µg), imipenem (10 µg) and meropenem (10 µg). Three extended spectrum beta lactamases genes (blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaOXA-10) and one metallo beta-lactamase gene (blaNDM-1) were analysed in the isolates. Eight (16%) isolates were positive for extended spectrum beta-lactamases production phenotypically...
Stephen Chijioke Emencheta1, Anthony Amaechi Attama2, Ezinwanne Nneoma Ezeibe1, Adaora Angela Agubata1 and Ebele Benedette Onuigbo1*
...ceptibility test to nine antibiotics was determined. Multi-antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was assessed. Spot assay was done to determine lytic action of the bacteriophage on the lawns of the Escherichia coli. The phenotypic and biochemical tests confirmed Escherichia coli isolates. There was metallic green sheen on EMB agar. The isolates were citrate negative and indole positive. The isolates were found to be resistant t...
Aml M. Ragab1*, Maha R. Basyoni1, Enas A.I. Khoris2, Nadia A. Abd Elghany3
...olates were analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility. A lab trial was conducted for two weeks using 60 Tilapia fish were divided into three equal groups, (1): kept as control negative, (2): infected intraperitoneally with (0.1ml) 8×107 (CFU/ ml/ fish) B. cereus on 1st day, (3) infected I/P intraperitoneally with (0.1ml) 8×107 (CFU/ml/fish) B. cereus on the first day and treated with erythromycin (sensitive antibiotic
Mona M. Osman1, Kamelia M. Osman2, Manal Abu Elmakarem Mohamed1, Mahmoud E. Hashad2, Jeeser Alves Almeida3, Alaa Saad4, Octavio Luiz Franco5,6, Heba N. Deif 2*
...es in biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance and hemolytic activity of M. ovipneumoniae. The recovered sheep isolates of M. arginini and M. ovipneumoniae were examined bacteriologically and by PCR using Mycoplasma species-specific primers. MIC testing of the axenic isolates showed that 19 of them were 100% susceptible to tulathromycin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline and tylosin and highly resistant to danofloxacin, lincomycin and florfenicol. Some interaction...
Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Kamran Ashraf2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar4 and Nazia Rubab5
...al products that include antibiotics and steroidal hormones. The day by day increase in human population across the globe is leading to the increased need of food production. Due to the excessive use of common antibiotics i.e. penicillin and oxytetracycline, the antibiotic (ABs) residues remain in livestock products like milk of buffalo and cow. It leads to antibio...
Saima Naz1*, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2, Sajjad Ali2 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah3
...y metals, pesticides and antibiotics cause changes in insect diversity and continuously have become threat to health of living organisms. Additionally, pollutants coming from traffic smoke also affect the interaction of insects with other insects and plants. Exposure of toxic level of heavy metals can cause DNA damage, learning, sensory disability and memory deficit. Major portion of insects have malformed growth and mortality rate affected by heavy metals, ma...
Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Kamran Ashraf2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar4 and Nazia Rubab5
...ed to one-health, use of antibiotics, antibiotics (ABs) residues in milk, meat and yogourt, the role of food safety, organizations, antibiotic resistance, compromise on human health and harmful implications upon animal welfare and eventually one-health due to unnecessary over or under label use of ABs. The results have delineated the educated individuals had a very little knowledge about O...
Lopamudra Samantaray*, Yashaswi Nayak
...ated consumer demand for antibiotic-free animal yield. We investigated the applicability of the phytobiotic Essential Oils (EOs) and their influence on the overall performance, appetite, and food digestion. We aimed to assess the effects of dietary phytobiotic supplements containing black pepper, fennel, and turmeric EOs on the performance of Broiler chickens. The study used 280; 70-day-old chicks. The birds were divided into seven experimental groups; one con...
Sher Bahadar Khan1,*, Mumtaz Ali Khan2, Irshad Ahmad3, Faheem Ahmad Khan4, Hamayun Khan1 and Sher Ali Khan5
...aloes were tested for 15 antibiotics using disc diffusion method followed by detection of their respective antimicrobial resistant genes through PCR. Among them, the highest prevalence of Staph. aureus was found in Peshawar-Mardan division (30%), followed by Malakand (28.5%), Bannu-Dera Ismail khan division (25%) and Hazara division (16%). Over all the high resistance was found against Lin (96.25%) followed by AMX (82.5%), TET (63.75%), AMP (58.75%), SXT (50%)...
Amjed Ali1, Muhammad Tayyab1*, Abu Saeed Hashmi2, Asif Nadeem3, Shumaila Hanif4, Sehrish Firyal1, Shagufta Saeed1, Ali Raza Awan1 and Muhammad Wasim1
...;-lactam ring containing antibiotics makes it a suitable candidate for its utilization as positive control in diagnostics and in antibiotic susceptibility testing experiments....
Nur Prabewi , Supriyanto, Budi Purwo Widiarso*
...ntages such as antibiotic residues, low antioxidant and tenderness value, and protein instability upon heating, thus it needs special treatment. Marination is a flavored liquid that serves as the ingredients of the meat marinated, and is usually used to improve the yield and shelf-life of meat. The research aims to study the effect of herbal marination on the quality characteristics of broiler meat. The va...
Mehwish Saleem Khan* and Sumama Farooq
...es against the action of antibiotics. Antibiotics are chemical substances which bacteria and fungi produce either to inhibit or kill the other microbes. Antibiotics are classified on the basis of their structure and mode of action. Bacteria resist antibiotics by inactivating the drugs, altering the target site, chemically modifying the
Nawal Abd-elhafez Hassanain1, Raafat Mohamed Shaapan1*, Ahmed Maher1, Ahmed Badwi Yousif2, Gomaa Desoky Emam2
...other risks related with antibiotic misuse.
Keywords | Cross reactivity, Febrile, Malaria, Brucellosis, Typhoid fever
...
Yahia A. Amin1*, Alaa Eldin Z. Mahmoud2, Mohamed Sabry Aref3, Abd El-Latif Shaker Seddek4, Waleed Younis5
...etect the most sensitive antibiotic to different types of microorganisms responsible for endometritis and its effect on the days open and pregnancy rate. The current study was carried out on 100 Holstein Frisian cows that were not pregnant for 90-120 days after calving. The cows were classified into two groups: the first group is the normal control group (9 cows), and the second group (91 cows) is the treated group and suffered from endometritis. Samples for b...
Sara Mohamed Hemeda1, R.H. Sayed2, Hani Hassan1, Sheima A.E.2, Hassan Aboul-Ella3, R. Soliman3*
...ection of β-lactams antibiotic residues in dairy milk. The developed LFK is based on a competitive immunochromatographic format using anti-antibiotic-specific polyclonal antibodies. Specific artificially induced active acquired polyclonal antibodies production were performed in female New Zealand rabbits against the following β-lactam antibiotics; Amoxicillin (AMX)- Keyhole Limpe...
Ziaul Islam1*, Asad Sultan1, Sar Zamin Khan1 and Sher Bahader Khan2
...tion as a replacement of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) on growth performance, lymphoid organs weight, gut pH, microbiota, apparent metabolizable energy and nutrient digestibility of broilers. A total of six hundred, day-old healthy broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were procured from a local hatchery and were randomly allocated to five different dietary treatments. A basal diet formulated with corn-soybean meal (CON; without any additives) served as control diet a...
Rida Haroon Durrani1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan2, Aneela Zameer Durrani3, Salman Ashraf1, Muhammad Anas Naeem1, Muhammad Usman3 and Tauqeer Mahmood4
...to curtail host-adaptive antibiotic resistant Salmonella. ...
Effects of Antibiotics on Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Microflora of Broilers
Shahan Azeem1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer2, Liaquat Ahmad3, Sameera Akhtar1 and Talat Naseer Pasha4,5
...ommercial feed mill. The antibiotics were mixed in the feed as per the manufacturer’s instructions and offered ad libitum to the chickens for the entire study period. The chickens were vaccinated for NDV and AIV. None of the antibiotics adversely affected the development of NDV or AIV hemagglutination inhibition geometric mean titers. Flavomycin and zinc bacitracin did not adversely affect the mean splenic (1.27+0.20 g...
Md. Sabuj Rahman and Md. Mahmudul Alam*
...rgical administration of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, a good prognosis in the calf was noticed. After 1 month, a mild skin problem occurred which was minimized simultaneously....
Zannatul Ferdous1, Abdul Goffar Sarder2, Mustasim Famous3*, Mahfuza Ferdous4, Shahabuddin Ahmed5 and Md. Amir Hossain6
...d diet supplemented with antibiotics in T1. The hematological parameters TEC, ESR, and DLC value of treatment group shows a significant difference, while Hemoglobin estimation does not show a significant difference from the control group. It could be concluded that Kalojeera and Ginger could act as growth promoters and alternatives to antibiotics in broilers....
Faiza Ghazanfar1, Masood Rabbani1*, Aamir Ghafoor2 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3
...ntial as a substitute of antibiotics. These not only improve poultry performance by modifying the pH of the gastro-intestinal tract of bird, but also change the composition of its microbiome and ultimately protecting the chicken from pH-sensitive pathogens. The purpose of this study was to define the bactericidal action of organic acids on Campylobacter jejuni, individually and in combination. Total 120 broiler chickens were randomly distributed in ten groups....
Heba S.S. Salem1, Hend M. Megahed2, Marwa M. Sarhan2, Maha M. El Alem3, Gehan N. Alagmy3*
...one or added to systemic antibiotics for curing septic arthritis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Thirsty-five naturally infected cases of rabbits with arthritis were screened for the prevalence of S. aureus as a causative agent. S. aureus was diagnosed in 40% of the examined cases via traditional culture methods and molecular confirmation using PCR. All tested S. aureus isolates were positive for virulence-associated genes (nuc, icaA, and Hlg). In...
Ezz Ibrahim Khalifa, Ahmed Loly Ibrahim Desoky, Adel AbdElaziz Elbadawy, Gamal Ibrahim El-Emam, Tarek Messlam Mahmoud Mahdy*
...es of energy (fructose), antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin), and antioxidants (vitamin E), which served as control extender (E0). However, 2nd, 3rd, 4thand 5th replicates were serviced as trial extenders as E1, E2, E3, and E4, which supplied 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00 % of BBE as natural sources of energy, antibiotic and antioxidant, respectively. Results indicated that adding BBE to E1, E2, E3, and E4 extenders has i...
Eman H. Abotalp, Sahar R. Mohamed, Jakeen K. El Jakee
.... coli serotypes and the antibiotic resistance in these E. coli isolates. A total of 129 rectal swabs were gathered from apparent healthy and diarrheic canines and felines. By using Vitek2 compact system, 42 E. coli isolates (32.6%) were resulted from canines (24%) and felines (44.4%) rectal swabs. E. coli were serotyped to: O8, O25, O26, O28, O36, O55, O78, O86, O111, O114, O125, O127, O128 and O157. The resistance to 16 antibiot...
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh1, Syed Haseeb Shah1, Niamatullah Kakar2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Muhammad Essa Kakar3 and Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1
...ext-align: justify;">The antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) are provided in poultry feeds as an additive on sub-therapeutic level. The in vivo study was designed to evaluate the effect of oxytetracycline di-hydrate (OXY) and tylosin phosphate (TP) on different blood physiological and biochemical parameters in broiler chicken. AGPs supplement alone and in combinations were provided as pre-starter (days 1-12), starter (days 13 to 24) and finisher (day 25 to 42) ...
H. A. Aidaros1*, S. S. Khalafallah1, M. S. Diab2, Nehal K. Alm Eldin2, Halla E.K. El Bahgy1
...ia and reduce the use of antibiotics.
Keywords | Poultry farms, Hygiene, Enterobacteriaceae, Antimicrobial Resistance, Resistance gens.
...
Mai A Fadel1*, Ahmed M Elmahdy1, Jihan Mostafa Badr2, Mohammed AM Saleh3, Mona A.A. AbdelRahman3
...dynamics indices of both antibiotics were calculated and statistically analyzed. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine serum level were also estimated. From our findings, we concluded that the usage of a half-dose combination of enrofloxacin and amoxicillin is safer and more efficient in the treatment of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis mixed infection in broiler chickens than the usage of these
Sadaf Ansari1, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Abdul Jabbar Tanweer2, Abdullah Sethar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Sabahat Ansari1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*
...hibited that among eight antibiotics E. coli, S. enteritidis, S. aureus and B. cereus were observed sensitive to gentamycin, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. K. pneumoniae showed sensitivity against gentamycin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline and streptomycin; whereas S. dysenteriae was observed sensitive to gentamycin, norfloxacin, tetracycline and ampicillin. In conclusion, raw beef samples were found more contaminated than raw fish and ...
Aulia Nurul Saputri, I Komang Gede Wiryawan, Dilla Mareistia Fassah*, Dewi Apri Astuti
...eal ...
Dhiya Altememy1, Mohammad Darvishi2*, Samira Shokri3, Saber Abbaszadeh4
... using isopropoxide. The antibiotic methicillin and calcium alginate pad was also loaded as control of nanoparticles embedded in the calcium alginate pad and then the restorative effect on the wound was studied. On days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21, hematoxylin-eosin slides (H&E) of the tissue, angiogenesis rate, and division of fibroblast cells and Masson’s trichrome slides were used to determine the rate of collagenization, wound, and extracellular matrix. ...
Midrar Ullah1, Nail Chand2, Abdul Kabir3, Muhammad Rasheed4, Hubdar Ali Kaleri5, Saqib Kakar5, Mubarak Ali4, Deepesh Kumar6, Asad Ali Shah1, Amir Shahb1, Muhammad Amir Khan1, Raza Ali Mangi7, Abdul Wahid Solangi5, Rameez Kaleri5,8*
...diet with replacement of antibiotics in poultry at the level of 5KGy (1Gy= 1 joule/kg). In our study various parameters were analyzed including feed intake, FCR, dressing percentage, weight gain, mortality percentage, weight of goblet and TFT thyroid function test were performed. In this experiment total 9 hundred broiler chicks were purchased from local market and randomly divided into two groups 1 control and 1 irradiated. These groups were further distribut...
Siriporn Namted, Kanokporn Poungpong, Wiriya Loongyai, Choawit Rakangthong, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak*
...eed additives to replace antibiotic growth promoters in pig diets. This article reviewed the effects of using different types of yeast extract (YE), their fractions, and the dosage as feed additive on the growth performance, immune function, and gut morphology of pigs. Inconsistent results have been reported for the various yeast products utilized in the animal feed industry, with differing types of YE processing (autolysis or hydrolysis) and differing doses/r...
Jie Yang1, Wenjun Zhou2, Qi Zhang2, Lei Chu2, Zhenshi Chen1, Xiajun Zhang2, Weidong Wu3*, Shaoru Zhang1* and Lihui Wang1*
...tification and effective antibiotic treatment are the main ways to prevent and control gonorrhea, but N. gonorrhoeae is now resistant to most antibiotics, and there is no vaccine available. The main purpose of this study was to understand the molecular characteristics of clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae and their resistance to azithromycin (AZM) in Danyang, China. Firstly, the clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae from Janu...
Widiastuti Ardiansyah1,3, Osfar Sjofjan2*, Eko Widodo2, Suyadi Suyadi2, Danung Nur Adli2
Nina Chen1, Shuang Xu2, Juanjuan Lin1* and Moslem Lari Najafi3
...lity of fat emulsion and antibiotics in piggyback infusion. In this study 5% glucose solution, fat emulsion and mixture containing 25 kinds of antibiotics were prepared by the proportion suitable for piggyback infusion (33:10:40). The number of fine particles was analyzed by automatic particle counter. According to results, even 24 h after preparation, 12 β-lactam antibiotics, clindam...
Hams M.A. Mohamed1*, Katreen K.G.2, M.W. Abd Al-Azeem1, Faysal A. Wasel2, Ahmed M. Abd-Eldayem3
...meri (two isolates). The antibiotic susceptibility profiling revealed multidrug resistance of L. monocytogenes strains against several antimicrobials in addition, they harbored antibiotic resistance genes, including. ampC, aad6, tetM each present in 100% of our isolates and mefA (37.5%). Furthermore, different virulence genes, including the most often found virulence-associated genes hlyA and inlB (100% for each), inlA (50%)...
Mehwish Saleem1* and Amina Atiq2
...ential for supplementing antibiotic therapy with garlic, which may improve antibiotic efficacy....
Lopamudra Samantaray*, Yashaswi Nayak
...iven consumer demand for antibiotic-free animal yield, have necessitated research towards a safer natural alternative, such as the use of phytobiotic essential oils (EOs). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of phytobiotic EOs on laying hen performance, physical characteristics, and egg cholesterol content. A total of 280 birds aged 70 days were enrolled in the study, which included seven experimental diets supplemented with EOs of black pepp...
Ahmed M. El-Waziry1,2*, Saeid M. Basmaeil1, Ibrahim A. Alhidary1, Gamaleldin M. Suliman1,3, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1, Maged A. Al-Garadi1
...is ionophores, a type of antibiotic that increases the nutritional value of the feed, thereby increasing production by reducing of feed intake, and decreasing the degradability of protein in the rumen, which increases its by-pass to the small intestine and decreasing the ammonia concentration in the rumen. Moreover, ionophores increase propionic acid in the rumen, which is used as an energy source; hence, ionophores increase muscle growth by enhancing the...
Sayed H. Al Habty1, Dina N.Ali2*
...l susceptibility against antibiotics commonly utilized in human and animals was tried using the disc diffusion method; PCR was applied on (MDR) S. aureus isolates for discovering of blaz, mecA and VanA genes. 38% of yogurt samples had the highest prevalence of S.aureus followed by Damietta cheese (30%) and ice cream (14%). S.aureus isolates appeared high resistance to tetracycline, penicillin, oxacillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, amoxicillin/clavulanate and ne...
Salman Hussain1, Basit Zeshan2*, Rabiya Arshad1, Saba Kabir1 and Naveed Ahmed3
...olates were subjected to antibiotics sensitivity, cefoxitin disk diffusion test, and vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) E-test. The MRSA isolates were detected for the presence of mecA, mecC, and nuc genes. Congo red agar (CRA) method was used to assess the ability of isolates to form biofilms. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of MRSA was 48%. The MRSA isolates were highly resistant (100%) to penicillin, β lactamase inhib...
Sofiane Tamendjari1,2*, Farida Bouzebda Afri1,2, Lina Chaib1, Hebib Aggad3, Zoubir Bouzebda1,2
...ncreasingly resistant to antibiotics, leading to therapeutic failures. It is in this context that our study aims to have an idea on the degree of hygiene of meats produced and consumed in the wilaya of Souk Ahras with respect to these strains, and to evaluate their degrees of resistance to certain antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine
A total of 90 samples of sheep, chicken and turkey meat were collected a...
A total of 90 samples of sheep, chicken and turkey meat were collected a...
Safika1*, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari1, Juliadi Ramadhan2
...search aims to determine antibiotic resistance and the gene coding for antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical cats in Bogor, Indonesia. This study’s total sample comprised of 58 clinical cat laryngeal swabs. Samples were isolated and biochemically and molecularly identified. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to test positive isolates, followed by PCR method to discover the re...
Yusri Sapsuha1*, Nur Sjafani1, Suryati Tjokrodiningrat2
...ful bacteria and causing antibiotic residues in meat which has implications for stunted growth performance and increased health problems in broiler farms. Herbal products have been proposed for use in broiler production in order to maintain health and maximize the growth potential of modern broilers. The performance of broiler chickens is focused on maximizing performance parameters, i.e., fast chicken growth with low feed consumption, and with optimal health ...
Ghada A. Ibrahim1*, Mohamed Sayed Helal1, Nahed Abd Elhafeeze Kamoura2, Mohamed Samir3,4, Amira Mohamed Mazid5, Mohamed F.M. Farag6
...ates a controlled use of antibiotics in cattle farms and warrants sustainable monitoring of antibiotic emergence events and further studies for their genetic phenotypic interrelation. Moreover, the haemato-biochemical alterations in the klebsiella infected cattle could be act as biomarkers for bacterial infections.
Keywords | Klebsiella spp, ESBL, Heamato-biochemical; a...
Noor Rahmawati, Alfi Rumidatul* and Sopandi Sunarya
...>Many problems caused by antibiotic resistance encourage the exploration of new antibiotic compounds from natural materials, especially from endophytic fungal cultures. This study aims to evaluate different culture media that can support endophytic fungi to produce bioactive compounds that have antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The method used in this study was to ferment endophytic fungi from gall rust sengon in diffe...
Ghulam Jelani1, Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan2, Rida Asrar3, Muhammad Ahmad1,4*, Chanda Naseem5, Zafar Ali Khoso6, Majid Hussain Soomro7*
...lure. Different types of antibiotics are used to treat it and different research use antibiotics of aminoglycoside group. For preventing the flock from infection separates the infected birds from healthy ones. Different treatments show average growth and good performance with the recovery of clinical signs, histopathological changes, mortality, and morbidity percentage. In this study, we represent a review with a descriptive...
Zubair Ali, Muhammad Sohail*, Yasir Ameen, Hamidullah, Ishtiaq Ahmed and Mehwish Malik
...icitis were treated with antibiotics like Co-Amoxiclav 4.8 gm and ceftriaxone 4gm Intravenous injections daily for three days along with (penicilin-streptomycin combination) 10 gram intrauterine. Pyometra and Hydrometra were first treated with Cyclomate to regress the Corpus luteum. In repeat breeding issues due to nymphomenia, follicular cysts, Luteal cysts, Buserelin 0.0105 mg/lecirelin 50µg and PGF2α Analogue100µg Intramuscular (IM) ...
Dalia Mansour Hamed1, Mohsen Zaky El Dimerdash1, Ahmed Abdelatif Ali2, Samer Adel Abd El-Gaffar3, Mona Salim Abdallah1*
... group, (2) treated with antibiotics and (3) treated with antibiotic/probiotic combination. Bacteriological examination of the 167 specimens detected S. aureus (46.7%), Escherichia coli (16.7%) and Enterobacter (3.5%). Furthermore, mortality rates were 15.3%, 6.4%, and 25%, in groups A, B and C, respectively. The semi-closed group (B) had significantly the highest body weight throughout the observation period. In the challen...
Hanaa M. Abdelkhalek1, Hanan E. Nagib1, Randa S. Elias1, Saad S. Mansour1, Walid S. Mousa2*
...on of some virulence and antibiotics resistance genes. Two hundred buffaloes were examined and sixty mastitis milk samples were collected from clinical cases from the period from October 2021 until March 2022. The acute mastitis sings were assessed according to cardinal signs of inflammation and milk abnormalities. Out of two hundred buffaloes, sixty (30%) were diagnosed as clinical mastitis according to inflammatory signs and the culture results reveled only ...
Tanvir Ahmed1, Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury1, Bibek Chandra Roy1Shubash Chandra Das1*, Khan Md. Shaiful Islam2, Bipul Chandra Ray1, Sukumar Saha3
...alth. As a result, using antibiotics is swiftly overshadowed by alternatives in order to minimize any lasting effects, combat microbial resistance, and preserve productivity. The study was aimed to investigate the influence of a prebiotic (PB), mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) enriched with β-glucans, and an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) on growth performance, intestinal microbial load, and immune response in broiler ch...
Rafik Soliman1*, Rafik H. Sayed2, Hanan Mahmoud3, Heidy Abo El-Yazeed1, Marsell Saad1, Shaimaa Abdelall Elsaady2, Khalid Sh3
...up was treated only with antibiotics (neomycin and penicillin) and the third group was immunized with the prepared vaccine alone. The fourth group was treated simultaneously both with the antibiotics and the prepared vaccine. In both experiments blood and milk samples from cows in all groups were collected before and at 2 weeks intervals post immunization and/or antibiotic treatment. Vacci...
Meng Wang, Dongliang Zhou, Huixia Li, Chunqin Wu,Yan Zhao and Houqiang Luo*
...f great significance for antibiotic treatment of bacterial diseases. Most of the secretion systems identified so far are found in Gram-negative bacteria. There are a few secretion systems in Gram-positive bacteria, such as type VII secretion system, which is found in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. T5SS may be the simplest secretion system available among all the secretion systems, and plays a vital role in the pathogenic mechanism of bacteria by participating in ...
Natalia Shchur1,2*, Olha Chechet1, Tetiana Mazur2, Oleksandr Martyniuk2, Olga Gorbatiuk1, Halyna Buchkovska1, Iryna Musiets1, Diana Ordynska1, Olena Finkova3, Larisa Moskalenko3, Tetiana Ponomaryova-Gerasimyuk3, Maksym Lusta3, Vitalii Nedosekov2
...rous uncontrolled use of antibiotics in poultry farming. The article highlights the potential health hazard to consumers posed by the presence of Campylobacter jejuni in industrial poultry and poultry products, as well as its resistance to various antibiotics. The study also reports a high rate of detection of resistant Campylobacter spp. among agricultural animals and the population in Ukraine, necessitating the introductio...
Md. Saiful Islam Siddiqui1*, Sharmin Akter2 and Mohd. Riajul Islam2
...whether is any misuse of antibiotics. The goal of this study is to scrutinize the commonly used antibiotics, in broiler industries, to evaluate factors govern farmers “selection of antibiotics” and to assess the status of poultry farmers knowledge about antibiotic resistant (ABR). A cross-sectional survey was conducted over a period of around...
Abdulaziz A. Alaqil
...r nutrition to avoid the antibiotic therapies, and simultaneously, maximize the broiler growth and health status, especially under EC challenge.
Keywords | Broiler chickens, Escherichia coli, Immune response, Productive performance, Propolis supplementation
...
Amina Rahat1, Zahin Anjum1*, Sehlina Zehra2, Fatima Umal Baneen3 and Rabia Chishti1
...tion for the creation of antibiotics that are utilized to cure infectious illnesses. Allium sativum is being used traditionally since ages for many purposes. It is extensively used in numerous dishes throughout the world and due to its aromatic nature, as a fragrance and Plantago ovata is traditionally used for many therapeutic purposes; laxative anti-acidic stabliser, stomach soothing, diuretic; and it is also anticancerous. Nigela sativa is used for jaundice...
Daud Khan1, Naila Chand1, Muhammad Saeed2, Muhammad Tahir3, Alam Zeb4 and Rifat Ullah Khan5*
...itrate as alternative to antibiotic in poultry diet. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effects of different levels of silver nitrate on the production performance, bacterial count and intestinal histology of broilers under E. coli infection. A total of 800 broilers were assigned to 5 experimental groups: Negative control (birds fed a basal diet and not challenged), positive control (birds fed a basal diet and orally challenged with E. coli O1...
Mehwish Malik1*, Zanib Sadia2, Muhammad Sajid3, Hammidullah1, Yasir Amin1, Zubair Ali1 and Sohail Ahmad1
... overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance and most of the diseases were treated properly at that time, but the current situation of excessive use of these antibiotics in the treatment plans of both human and veterinary medicine makes them resistant to many bacteria including ESBL E. coli. Resistance of microbes to antibiotics is becoming an alarming situation throughout the world and ...
Altaf Ur Rahman1, Muhammad Ajmal Khan2*, Ali Hazrat3, Awais Farid4, Muhammad Yahya3* and Inam Ullah5
... healthcare community in antibiotic resistance and evolution of novel bacterial strains. Numerous plants act as a source of novel compounds that could be used to develop new drugs. Therefore, the current study was aimed to investigate the methanolic extract of Corylus jacquemontii for phytochemical, antibacterial, antioxidant potential. The methanolic fraction of C. jacquemontii was evaluated for quantitative phytochemical constituents. The antibacterial effic...
Maria Azam1, Tahir Mahmood Qureshi1, Saddam Hussain2, Amjad Islam Aqib3*, Shanza Rauf Khan4, Kashif Akram1, Misbah Ijaz5, Maheen Murtaza6, Afshan Muneer6 and Sammina Mahmood7
...equire an alternative to antibiotics. Nanoparticles particularly metallic nanoparticles are a wise approach to modulating drug resistance. The current study thus focuses on the replacement of antibiotics with ZnO, MgO, and Fe2O3 nanoparticles. To achieve this goal, 200 cattle milk samples were collected aseptically and screened for subclinical mastitis using the purposive sampling technique. Following Bergey’s manual o...
Tabark F Ahmed, Nibras Z. Yahya*
...en ascorbic acid and two antibiotic (ciprofloxacin and erythromycin) in-vitro and the in vitro. The research was included two experiments. The first one was to isolate and identify E. coli O157; E. coli sample was taken from a hospital, the sample was cultured on MacConkey agar, Sorbitol MacConkey agar, chrome agar, eosin methylene blue agar, then VITEK® 2 System was performed Data showed the sample was positive as a result of E. coli O157. The second expe...
Iram Liaqat1*, Noor Muhammad1, Muhammad Mubin2, Najma Arshad3, Tehreema Iftikhar4, Sumera Sajjad5 and Farzana Rashid5
...purified actinobacteria, antibiotic susceptibility profile confirmed five isolates showing resistance against tested antibiotics (ampicillin; lincomycin; rifampicin and erythromycin). Ribotyping confirmed that these isolates belong to Streptomyces species and were identified as S. monticola, S. septentrionalis, S. polaris, S. desertarenaee and S. lutosisoli. Primary screening of the five isolates using cross streak method sh...
Jameel-ur-Rehman1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Ahmad Ali Moryani1, Riaz Ahmed Leghari1, Abdullah Sethar2, Ali Raza Nizamani3, Abdul Ahad Soomro3, Kanwar Kumar Malhi1
...spectively. According to antibiotic susceptibility tests, among 11 tested antimicrobials, S. agalactiae and S. pyogenes were found resistant to 9 antibiotics; followed by P. aeruginosa and P. flavescens 8; S. flexneri 7; K. oxytoca and S. epidermidis 6; and E.coli, Salmonella spp., K. pneumoniae and S. aureus 4 antibiotics. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that market fishes are m...
Peter Amuguni Mbato*, Wanzila Usyu Mutinda, Noah Kipkoech Maritim, Nicholas Edwin Odongo
... bacterial infection and antibiotic use. Reduced antibiotic residues and pathogens in meat suggest improved meat quality. The free-range broiler production system would be a better production system to improve the welfare and quality of the meat produced.
...
...
Nwafili Sylvanus Anene, Ibinabo Jessica
...hloride, lime, chlorine, antibiotics and self-prepared saline water. The study also show that specialized equipment were not used in transportation and palm oil and some chemicals were added to transportation medium as anti-stress. There is the need to train catfish farmers’ on biosecurity measures and record keeping to further drive the growth of aquaculture production in Nigeria.
Frah Razzaq Kbyeh1, Ahmed N. Abedsalih2*
...used in combination with antibiotics as an anti-virulence agent which will enhance the ability of the immune system to eradicate infection. In histopathological examination clear damage in kidney tissue specimens from positive group control (PC,DC) observed, with hyperplasia endothelial cell swelling, ulcer in the lining membrane, compared with(CIP,COM1and COM2). Altogether, we can conclude that the diclofenac has the required anti-boiflim effects to support...
Blessing Ndenum Peter1, Olufemi Bolarinwa Adedeji1, Reuben Chukwuka Okocha2,3*, Ekemini Moses Okon4
...e, microbial counts, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the isolated bacteria. The mean total bacterial and coliform counts were 6.40 log CFU/g and 6.24 log CFU/g, respectively. The total bacterial count was significantly lower in ready-to-eat shrimps sourced from Alesinloye [6.29 (6.24 – 6.33) log CFU/g] compared to those from Eleyele [6.43 (6.40 – 6.46) log CFU/g] and Bodija [6.43 (6.41 – 6.46) log CFU/g]. Of the 80 ready-to-eat shrimps...
Khadija Begum, Azizunnessa and Md Ahaduzzaman*
...strous. A combination of antibiotics and uterine lavage was predominantly prescribed for treating retained placenta (30.77%, 8/26) while hormonal therapy was predominately prescribed for the treatment of repeat breeding syndrome (56.25%, 9/16). The findings of this study will be useful in understanding the epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical management of reproductive disorders in goats. ...
MALIK ASIF HUSSAIN
...ve better. Resistance to antibiotics is usually
linked and described as a reason for better survival of microbes in
biofilms. In fact, it is not resistance to antibiotics in majority of cases;
rather it is ―tolerance‖ of these biofilm communities against antimicrobials.
The layers of biofilm provide a protective cover around bacteria and
hinder penetration of th...
SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1*, MUNAZZA DANISH AJAZ2, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL3, AHSAN SATTAR SHEIKH4 & FIRDAUS KOUSAR BUKHARI5
...cteriosis are dealt with antibiotics and proton-pump inhibitors. However, an ever increasing problem of antibiotic resistance evolution has been there and that is alarming. Thus, urgency exists for finding out non-classical therapies as reduction factors against Campylobacter nuisance in humans and poultry. In addition, a few probiotics have been instrumental to cut down the adverse effects rendered due to the classical
Vijay Kumar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Nazar Ali Korejo1, Ambreen Leghari2, Faiz Muhammad Khand2, Riaz Ahmed Leghari1, Khaliq-ur-Rehman Bhutto3
...tion, identification and antibiotic resistance profiling of Salmonella in chicken and ducks. A total of 125 feces samples (55 broilers, 45 layers and 25 ducks) were collected in district Hyderabad. Isolation was done according to ISO 6579 standard method. Identification of isolated bacteria was done using the Salmonella specific biochemical tests. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined using the disk diffusion method. Salmonella were detected in 22,...
Muhammad Shahid Nisar1*, Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Ghulam Fatima2, Irfan Ahmed4, Khizar Sami Ullah2 and Syeda Amber Hameed2,5
...t wastes by reducing the antibiotic usage in broilers and decreased the environmental pollution and for functional food ingredients, natural antioxidants, antimicrobial compounds and substantially reduce the amount of waste....
Raed Hussein Salih Rabee1, Yahya Sabah Abdulameer1, Walla Farhan Obed1, Noor R Abady1, Adnan Mansour Jasim1*, Firas Hussein Albawi1, Mohammed Jasim Jawad2, Ahmed Samir Abukhomra3
...le for the metabolism of antibiotics. Additionally, berberine demonstrated antibacterial effects against E. coli, as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, histopathological examination of the intestinal broiler received BBR showed improvements and restore tissue near to normal.
Keywords | Enerofloxacin, Berberine, E. coli, Antibiotic residues, CYP450, Antioxidant, D...
Promising Immunomodulation Potential of Ganoderma lucidium and Oregano as Mixture on Broiler Chicken
Fateh A. Badi*, Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati, Naif Al-Gabri
...ecessary vaccination and antibiotic abused. The effects of combination of Ganoderma lucidium and Origanum vulgare on broilers chicken are not completely understood. In this study, four broiler chicken groups around 3 week age each group contain 10 chicken was divided randomly. First group was feed with (2g/ Kg feed) from Ganoderma lucidium (G group), second group was treated with ( 2g/Kg feed) Origanum vulgare (O Group) in a feed and the third group was trea...
Frah R Kbyeh1*, Ahmed N. Abedsalih2
...erichia coli 0157 H7 for antibiotics decreases the cure rate. Repurposing Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications against the contributing factors is a novel method to overcome this scarcity. The analgesic medication diclofenac was reported to have anti-virulence action against resistance Escherichia coli O157 :H7. This study aimed to demonstrate the antimicrobial effect of diclofenac, Ciprofloxacin, and a combination (diclofenac +ciprofloxacin...
Mollah Mohammad Lalmoddin*, Pal Dipa Rani, Ferdous Jannatul
.... In the field, systemic antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, oxytetracycline and anti-inflammatory, antihistaminic drugs were commonly used as supportive treatment for the disease. Lumpy Skin Disease causes higher morbidity and heavy economic losses in recent years which may be reduced substantially by vaccination, proper surveillance and monitoring, restricted movement of infected and exposed animals. ...
Amany M. Reyad1*, Aya Maher Rabie1, Reda Mohamed Taha1 and Khalid El-Dougdoug2
...pplication for replacing antibiotics and other means used for meat sterilization. ...
Aleena Kokab1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Wasim Shehzad2, Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Sohail Raza1 and Rida Haroon Durrani1
...gn: justify;">Worldwide, antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis being accountable for major foodborne Salmonella outbreaks, is a significant concern for public health and the agro-food sector. The use of bacteriophages, as a potential replacement, for antibiotics and as food antimicrobial agents to potentially target foodborne pathogens is gaining augmented attention. This study’s goal was to isolate and physiolog...
Montesqrit Montesqrit1*, Harnentis Harnentis1, Sepri Reski1, Fadhli Fajri2
...eplacement for synthetic antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) in the diet of laying quails. The laying quails (n=180) used in this study were 44 weeks old, with an average production of 55%. The experiment followed a completely randomized design, with three treatments: A (basal diet + Zinc bacitracin), B (basal diet + 1% ROSE), and C (basal diet + 2% ROSE). Each treatment was replicated six times. The observed variables were the Escherichia coli count of the intes...
Turrini Yudiarti*, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Endang Widiastuti, Hanny Indrat Wahyuni, Tri Agus Sartono, Maulana Hamonangan Nasution
...h rate. Since the use of antibiotics is now forbidden, replacements should be developed that can also be used in their place. One option is to use non-antibiotic feed additives generated from fungal ferments, which have been shown to improve gastrointestinal health and production. Fungal can be used as a feed additive, and their effectiveness has been demonstrated in boosting animal development and growth. Monascus purpureus...
Karl Maramorosch
...reated with tetracycline antibiotics. The recognition of mycoplasma-like structures was made accidentally by a veterinarian, Kaoru Koshimizu, but no credit was given to his crucial role. The simultaneous announcement of the detection of phytoplasmas in a leafhopper vector by Japanese entomologists was not mentioned by Tokyo plant pathologists. Attempts to culture the fastidious phytoplasmas failed, while spiroplasmas have been cultured and properly characteriz...
El-Tabakh, SAA l ; Abdel Wahab, KSE; Badr, AF and Helal, IG
...10% fetal calf serum and antibiotic mixture (IOOU penicillin and 100 mgm streptomycin/ml) and subcultured at 3-4 days. HepG2 cells were maintained throughout the experiment in Ham F-12 medium maintenance medium with 2% fetal calf serum; 1000 IU penicillin and 1000 mgm streptomycin antibiotic mixture; with 4% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG), 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); and IOYI lovastatin for the experimental infection with...
Amina A. II. and M.K. Amin
...The ability to transduce antibiotic resistance genes was also influenced. When phage was treated with 5 different Ph values (2, 3, 7, 10, 12), no plaques or transductants were observed at acid Ph values (2, 3). But with Ph7 resulting high titration and subsequently high number of transductants. This study demonstrates that the bacteriophages as a mediated generalized transducing vectors of genetic material play role in natural ecology....
Sulake Fadhil Al-Zubaidi1*, Ghusoon A.A. Alneamah2, Ali Saleh Mahdi1, Abdulraheem Abduljalil Wali3
...ups received a course of antibiotics. Group IV: two bitches treated by ovariohysterectomy under general anesthesia. Bacterial isolation was made on chromogenic agar to identification of bacteria associated with pyometra. In group I after 24 hr. from giving Aglepristone there was vaginal discharge, in some cases, we need to give a second dose of Aglepristone to bitch. In group II, PGF2α was injected after pus came out from the vulva, there was a rapid eva...
Nurhashunatil Mar’ah1, Safika Safika2*, Agustin Indrawati2
...aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Dairy Farm isolates in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Twelve isolates obtained in the field were tested for phenotype resistance profile with four antibiotics of β-lactams using the Kirby-Bauer method. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to detect the resistance genes and virulence factors of K. pneumoniae. Samples is...
Ahmed M. Manthoor, Ali H. Saliem*
...d 25 µg/ml for the antibiotic. The MBC was 64 mg/ml for the extract and 50 µg/ml for ciprofloxacin. Fe-Scanning Electron Microscope results showed that surface of the bacteria was shrunk, rough, and leakage of the intracellular substances when treated with the MIC of the extract. From the foregoing results, we can be concluded that alcoholic extract of P. oleracea has an effect on E. coli in vitro by certain mechanism of action when compared with c...
Haseeb Zafar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Zain-Ul- Abideen1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2, Sibtain Ahmad3 , Umbreen Zafar2
...varied (P= 0.0011). Some antibiotics like amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, streptomycin, and tetracycline were found 100% resistant while, imipenem, chloramphenicol, tobramycin and ciprofloxacin showed 100% susceptibility to E. coli isolates. These results showed that the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli is very high in Quetta district thus, strict biosecurity and control of n...
Sudeb Saha1,2*, Jay Prakash Ray3, Apurbo Kumar Mondal4, Md. Irtija Ahsan5, Marina Debnath6, Dilruba Afrin7, Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed5, Jayanta Datta Gupta3, Nivedita Datta8, Hugo O. Toledo-Alvarado9, Haruki Kitazawa1
...f this disease employing antibiotics are not always effective and have adverse effects in public health. The present study aims to measure the effectiveness of application of a probiotic (Bacillus coagulans MTCC 25250) feed additive in subclinical mastitis cows on improvement of body condition, blood parameters, milk yields and milk composition apart from mitigation of the disease. A total of 20 subclinical mastitis cows were randomly assigned into four groups...
Muhammad Akram1, Anirban Mandal2*, Mehwish Iqbal3, Arindam Mukherjee4, Ritika Bandyopadhyay5, Surendar Rangasamy6, Rida Zainab1, Muhammad Talha Khalil1, Pragnesh Parmar7 and Umme Laila1
...cription of conventional antibiotics. Plant extracts can be good alternative in day-to-day illness instead of antibiotics misuse. Complementary and alternative medicines are good option for treatment of routine ailments. Complexes and constituents with antiviral activity exists in numerous plants, for instance, rutin, a flavonoid glycoside generally found in a range of botanicals, is efficient against herpes simplex virus ty...
Alif Rahman Rohim Puarada*, Safika, Agustin Indrawati
...revealed the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among wild bird species in remote habitats, suggesting the potential for these avian populations to serve as reservoirs and sources for emergent AMR profiles. Recognizing the critical role of wildlife in AMR dynamics this study focuses on birds of paradise, indigenous to Indonesia. Their gastrointestinal microbiome, intricately shaped by a unique ecological milieu, presents a compelling avenue for explorin...
Sudip Kumar Sharma1, Al-Nur Md. Iftekhar Rahman1,2, Mahfuzul Islam1,3*
...he most often prescribed antibiotic. The results of this study offer interesting information about the most common diseases in pet dogs and the drugs used for the treatment of them. ...
Hongsen Xu*, Xiaoni Wang, Tie Tian, Changyu Zhao, Denghang Yu and Jun Liu
... only sensitive to a few antibiotics (doxycycline, tetracycline, minocycline and ciprofloxacin). PCR amplification of specific genes responsible for antibiotic resistance (extended-spectrum β-lactamases, quinolone resistance determinants and tetracycline-resistance) confirmed antibiotics sensitivity of this bacterium. Artificial infection showed that the strain could cause similar sym...
Feri Eko Hermanto1, Yuli Frita Nuningtyas1, Filoza Marwi1, Fajar Shodiq Permata2, Agus Susilo1, Muhammad Halim Natsir1*
...Given the constraints on antibiotic use in industrial settings, there is a growing interest in natural-derived products as potential enhancers of intestinal health through immune system modulation. Teak Leaves, Turmeric, and Ginger have emerged as promising feed additives for fortifying the mucosal immune system in broiler chickens. However, understanding how these herbs confer protective effects remains challenging, given the intricate nature of mucosal immun...
SYED MUJTABA HAIDER1, KHIZAR HAYAT BHATTI1*, EJAZ HUSSAIN SIDDIQI1, SYED MAZHAR IRFAN1,`2, & ALLAH BAKHSH GULSHAN2
...emical like gentamicine (antibiotic) as positive control. This study revealed that S. pyogenes, S. aureus and N. gonorrhoeae had the maximum inhibition to different extracts of A. vera plant and selected plant extracts remained less effective against Shigella sonnei, E. coli (1) and E. coli (2). The data also revealed that methanolic extract showed relatively more inhibitory effects on bacterial growth as compared to other solvent extracts....
IRFANA IQBAL1*, PAKEEZA TANWEER1, FARKHANDA MANZOOR1, MUHAMMAD NAUMAN AFTAB2, AFSHAN KALEEM3, ROHEENA ABDULLAH3, ASMA ZAFAR4 & MEHWISH IQTEDAR3
...eria. Solitary effect of antibiotic discs (Ciprofloxacin, Imipenem, Ceftriaxone, Amikacin, and Vancomycin) and their synergistic effect were also studied. No bacterial growth showed resistance to honey at any concentration when used individually or in combination with antibiotic although bacteria showed resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone. Brassica honey 90% was the most effective at all concentrations with a maximum...
ZUBIA RASHID1, ZULFIQAR ALI MIRANI2, SITWAT ZEHRA1, SYED MUDDASSAR HUSSAIN GILANI3, ARIF ALI CHISHTI1, ABID AZHAR1 & SADDIA GALANI1*
...s + 0.01% w/v enramycin (antibiotic growth promoter, AB); (iii) Control diets + 3% w/v blend of garlic, peppermint, cinnamon, black cumin, and green tea (phytogenic feed additives, PFA). Non-significant differences for body weight gain and feed intake (p>0.05) were found between AB and PFA groups. Quantitative bacterial analysis of chicken gut revealed supplementation of PFA significantly increased (p<0.05) beneficial bacterial (Lactobacillus spp. and En...
SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL2 & MUNAZZA AJAZ3
...scertaining the basis of antibiotic deferring processes acquired by (indigenous) clinical strains. Accordingly, sub-lethal doses of the drug result in development of hyper-resistances. The bacteria have evolved the molecular genetical basis (and other parameters) for acquiring the resistance. For the containment and eradication of globally evolving MDR bacteria, it is crucial to understand and implement certain strategies/agents such as, probiotics, CRISPRs, b...
MUHAMMAD SHRAFAT ALI1, UZMA HAMEED2* & IKRAM-UL-HAQ3
...used as a substitute for antibiotic growth promoters in the chick industry. In the present study, conditions for the sporulation of Bacillus subtilis, a probiotic strain, are optimized. Overnight grown inoculum (1%) was used for the cultivation of B. subtilis in NB medium followed by 24-48 hours incubation in a shaking incubator at 30°C. Spore staining and microscopy were performed at different time intervals to find out the sporulation status and time req...
Teedzai Chitura*
...priate use of prescribed antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock production is the main contributor of antimicrobial resistance. As a result, there have been growing calls by consumers and international health organizations for reduced application of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock production. To address this problem, several animal feed commissioners and summits have legislated and banned the use of
Muhammad Atif Raza1, Muhammad Tariq Javed2, Muhammad Fiaz1*, Muhammad Shakeel3, Muhammad Shahbaz Ul Haq2, Amna Kanwal2, Syeda Maryam Hussain1 and Muhammad Zubair Siddiqi4
...try and extensive use of antibiotic is leading to the induction of antimicrobial resistance in microorganism. Main aim of this study was to find out substitute of antibiotic against Fowl Typhoid in broiler in terms of immunological, serum biochemistry and lipid profile parameters. Broiler chicks (Age = 1 d and n = 90) were kept under uniform management conditions. Chicks were divided randomly into six groups on day ten of th...
Muhammad Usman1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nasir Mehmood2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3
...he efficacy of different antibiotics against it has not been tested. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of different antibiotics in curing this disease under field conditions and ascertaining the role of C-reactive protein as a prognostic agent in Borrelia-positive dogs. For this purpose, twenty-four dogs of different breeds were used in the study. These dogs were found Borrelia positive on PCR and eq...
Philip O. Akporhuarho1, Ufuoma Godstime Sorhue1*, Adimabua Mike Moemeka2, Onyinye Stella Onwumere-Idolor3, Jonathan Ujomu1, Emmanuel Abadah1, Jennfer Aaron1
...eplacement for synthetic antibiotic in broiler production. A total of one hundred and forty-four day-old Aboracre strains of broilers were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments. Treatments one (control) had no ACSM in the diet but was given routine antibiotics medication for broilers. Treatments two (T2), three (T3), and four (T4) had ACSM at 1%, 1.5%, and 2% inclusion levels. The experimental diet was fed for 8week...
Saadatin Nurul Jannah1, Edhy Sudjarwo1, Osfar Sjofjan2*
...substitute for synthetic antibiotic feed additives given to broiler chickens. This study was conducted using a laboratory experiment using garlic peel powder as a material, an active substance content test using a quantitative flavonoid test, and antioxidant activity. Additionally, onion peels are used as a feed additive for broiler chickens to evaluate production performance and blood profile. The material used was 189 one-day-old commercial broiler chickens ...
Shah Zeb Khan1, Ali Hazrat1*, Farman Ali Khan2, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar3, Muhammad Ajmal Khan4 and Hayat Ullah1
...e for the development of antibiotic drugs through pharmacological formulation....
Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Bilques Bano3, Muhammad Muddassir Ali4, Nazia Rubab5, Syed Tasadak Mehdi6, Muhammad Wasim Iqbal7, Kumay Hassan Akhtar8, Aqeel Raza9, Ujala Fatima Shan10, Muhammad Aftab11
...e of excessive amount of antibiotics for the growth and development of livestock. 90 samples of each weigh about 50 grams have been collected from Lahore and brought to University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore in a Laboratory and applied HPLC technique on samples and found residues of Penicillin and oxytetracycline in different percentages (11% and 9%, respectively) and percentage of both combine Penicillin and oxytetracycline is 3%. In a yoghurt s...
Md. Shahidul Islam*, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Md. Sodrul Islam, Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil and Apurbo Kumar Mondal
...fects of probiotics over antibiotic growth promoter on growth performance and hematology of broiler chicken. To perform the study, a total number of sixty (60) day old ‘Cobb 500’ broiler chicks were randomly divided into three groups, naming group C that was supplied with normal broiler ration as control, group B was supplied with normal ration along with supplementation of probiotics, BACTOSAC @ 0.2 ml per liter drinking water and group A was rear...
Kremlin Mark B. Ampode
...in, the use of synthetic antibiotics in broiler diets to accelerate growth has become a public health concern due to the potential spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study investigated the effectiveness of Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) leaf meal (OLM) as a potential antibiotic alternative in enhancing broiler chicken growth performance. A completely randomized design was employe...
Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Wali Ullah Falahi2, Aneela Zameer Durrani3, Bilques Bano4, Muhammad Muddasir Ali3, Nazia Rubab4, Syed Tasadak Mehdi4, Muhammad Wasim Iqbal5, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar6, Aqeel Raza7, Muawuz Ijaz3, Ujala Fatima Shan3, Muhammad Aftab3
...al products that include antibiotics, steroid hormones. The day by day increase in human population across the globe is leading to the increased need to produce food. The high value of livestock products and their increasing demand creates a niche for the consumption of a variety of livestock products, which contribute to the food security (Lindahl et al. 2019). Due to the excessive use of common antibiotics (penicillin and ...
Ahmad Shandookh Hameed1, Ali Abd Kadhum2 and Murtada Wafi Beden1*
...condary pathogens ,their antibiotic resistant profile and mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 patients. A total of 41 patients with ventilator associated pneumonia of whom 23 were confirmed positive. for SARS-CoV-2 (infectious group) and 18 were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (non-infectious), were recruited in this study during the period from February to September 2022 at Al-Hussein. Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. Endotracheal aspirate samples were co...
Zhenyu Chang1,3, Qingqing Xiao1,2, Yourong Ye1,2, Mujahid Iqbal4, Mengqi Duan1,2, Yangzom Chamba1,2* and Peng Shang1,2*
... cotrimoxazole and other antibiotics, and has resistance for ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, penicillin and so on. In this study, one strain of Tibetan Porcine Lactobacillus was screened, obtained, and its biological characteristics were found good, which could provide reference and support for the development and utilization of Tibetan porcine probiotics....
Walid Elmonir1*, Dalia Abdeltawab1, Hanem El-Sharkawy2 and Rasha N. Zahran3
...esistant to at least one antibiotic and 12 isolates (37.5%) were MDR. The study highlighted the wide-spread of MDR Salmonella in egg production systems in study region. Extended surveillance and veterinary monitoring of antibiotics use in this sector are mandatory for public safety....
Azhar Ali1, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Wu Di3, Huang Chunjie3, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1, Bilal Ahmed1, Farwa Shakeel1, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari1, Windu Negara2, Bambang Waluyo Hadi Eko Prasetiyono1*
...ment and preservation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This work employed shotgun metagenomics to examine antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) present in the feces of dairy cattle. The presence of resistance genes in the feces indicates that certain microorganisms carry several resistance genes, which are often found in close proximity and originate from various species. Our findings indicates that the gastrointestinal system...
Salam N. Aritonang1*, Yulia Yellita1, Dwita Saningtias2, Eka Putri2, Rizqan1
...antioxidants and natural antibiotic compounds that support buffalo health. It is predicted that turmeric flour supplements will enhance erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and leukocytes, as observed in the health of female Murrah buffaloes. Parameters measured in this study included hematology (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and leukocytes) in Murrah buffaloes. The study involved four lactating Murrah buffaloes aged 3 to 5 years, following a Latin Sq...
Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Muhammad Mushtaq1, Muhammad Shuaib1*, Saqib Nawaz2, Mehboob Ali2, Faiz ur Rehman2, Abubakar Sufyan3, Usman Zeb4, Muhammad Ayaz5 and Muhammad Aamir Khan5
...ombined with low profile antibiotic (Neomycin) in chickens against the E. coli infection at the finisher stage. Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies were carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activities and potency of this combination. A total of one hundred and eighty day-old chicks were randomly allotted to 6 groups i.e. G1 (negative control), G2 (positive control), G3 (standard antibiotic neomycin only), SN-1 (Serratiope...
...firmed by PCR. Then, the antibiotic resistance profile was revealed. Seven (17.7%) of goat isolates from Oromia, 5 (12.5%) from Southern Nations, nationalities and peoples regional states and 4 (10%) sheep isolates from Oromia were evaluated as positive for C. pseudotuberculosis in molecular diagnosis. C. pseudotuberculosis was moderately susceptible to gentamicin (68.75%) and highly susceptible to penicillin G (100%), doxycycline (100%), and ciprofloxacin (10...
Suhair Sh. Al-Siraj1, Jihan M. Badr2 and Dalia M.A. El-Masry3*
...ge infections instead of antibiotics. This study examined the antibacterial effects of Bay leaf (laurusnobilis) aqueous extracts and nano-emulsion against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and their effects on virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. The MIC) minimum inhibitory concentration (of both was determined using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide ...
Abdul Majeed Saim1, Arshad Javid1, Misbah Sarwar2, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman3 and Ali Hussain4*
... and occurrence of their antibiotic resistance (ABR) genes in selected wild and captive bird species in Pakistan. E. coli and S. enterica were isolated from fecal samples of birds and identified by phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular characterization of ABR genes by PCR. E. coli colonies appeared circular and dark purple on EMB agar media plates while S. enterica colonies were small, circular, and red on SS agar media plates. E. coli and S. enterica isolate...
Sohaila Fathi El-Hawary1, Nermeen M.L. Malak2, Reda A. Gomaa3, Hesham Z. Tawfeuk3, Suzan Ismail4, Nady Khairy Elbarbary5*
...irulence gene detection, antibiotic resistance profile, and the antibacterial influence of lemon juice and pomegranate peel extract on V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus. Samples were 150 fish (30 of each Nile tilapia, Nile perch, sardine, Mugil cephalus, and Sea bass) from fish supermarkets. Sardine samples had the highest Vibrio count (4.77±1.22 log10 CFU/g), followed by and Sea bass (4.62±1.35 log10 ...
Md Imran Hossen1, Shakhe Reju Ana Boishakhe1 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh2*
...toprazole/esomeprazole), antibiotics (ceftriaxone or metronidazole and ceftriaxone) and multivitamins were suggested as the supportive treatment of the disease. Overall, it is understood that a timely vaccination is imperative to prevent the disease. ...
Ali Abd Kadhum
...ct system. Results of an antibiotic resistance test showed that the isolates showed a “significant” change in resistance to antibiotics, as the isolates showed the bacterial species Staphulococcu aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Moraxilla catarrhalis, and Klebsiella pneumonia resistance (100%) to the antibiotic Amoxycillin. While isolates of the bacteria...
Mohamed Ahmed Abaza1, Amany O. Selim2, Mona Abdallah3, Shimaa A.E. Atwa4, Hala El Daous5, Mona Abd-Allah Abd-Elrehim6, Mohamed M.S. Gaballa7, Reda R. Fathy1*
...b> resistance as well as antibiotic residues in chicken meat are some of the negative outcomes of the traditional antibiotic-based approach to prevent and control bacterial infections. Therefore, the main goal of current investigation was to control the drug-resistant E. coli O6 infection using nano-production of zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) in both in vitro and vivo studies. ZnO-NPs was applied in one day old specific pathogen free...
Enany M.E.1, Fadel Hanaa M.2, Abo-Shama U.H.3, Ahmed Mona M.1, Kholief M.E.A.4*
...etermine the efficacy of antibiotic therapies of human diseased animal model as felines and sheep infected with virulent H. pylori in seasons. A total of twelve H. pylori isolates cultivated from samples of stomachs and stool of felines, gastric and milk of sheep. These were previously confirmed by amplification of 16srRNA H. pylori to be detected by multiplex polymerase reaction against vacA, cagA, and hrgA and bio-typed based on urease and nitrate reduction ...
Mustofa Hilmi1,4, Zuprizal2, Nanung Danar Dono2, Bambang Ariyadi3*
Ashraf Samir Hakim1*, Doaa Diab Khalaf1, Engy Farahat1, Mohammed Darwish Mohammed1, Wahid Hussein El-Dabae1, Khaled Abd El-Hamid Abd El‑Razik2, Amany Nabil Dapgh3, Ehab Ali Fouad4, Hussein Ahmed Abuelhag1
...reasing of resistance to antibiotics used in human infections therapy as carbapenems which is considered one of the human use last resorts. Extraintestinal Escherichia coli constitute the main etiologic factor implemented in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans and animals. The hypothesized risky role of companion animals in the load and dissemination of multidrug resistant uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) which causes community-acquired UTI in pets and human...
Faiza Ghazanfar1, Masood Rabbani1*, Aamir Ghafoor2 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3
...e the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance profile of multiple drugs resistant (MDR) strains of thermophilic C. jejuni from broiler chickens. A total of 375 cloacal swab samples were collected by systematic sampling method of commercial broiler farms in and around Lahore and examined for the presence of thermophilic C. jejuni. Their prevalence was found to be 53% (200/375). Confirmation was done by biochemical and molecular (Polymerase chain reaction) test...
Rico Anggriawan1*, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari2, Sri Hidanah3, Muhammad Anam Al Arif4, Diyah Ayu Candra5
...ler industry widely uses antibiotics, mainly to treat bacterial infections that cause digestive and respiratory disorders. The chicken farming industry, especially broiler chickens, often uses antibiotics to cure bacterial infections and secondary infections caused by bacteria. One of the microorganisms that cause digestive and respiratory diseases in broiler chickens is the bacteria. Treatment of bacterial infections with <...
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Trang1, Nguyen Thi Thu Hong2,3*
...he context of escalating antibiotic resistance, the integration of herbal alternatives in poultry production plays a critical role in enhancing sustainable farming practices and ensuring food safety. The study was conducted at An Giang University with the objective of determining the effects of supplementing fresh garlic (GARL) on growth capacity and meat production of Minh Du chicken. The experiment was carried out on 120 Minh Du broiler chickens from 4 to 14...
Siew Ing Nguang, Nur Syafiqah Binti Zainal, Ahmad Mukhlis Bin Hafas, Hou Chew Ha, Connie Fay Komilus, and Asmad Kari*
...estigates the effects of antibiotic- and sugar-free Av-based extenders on cryopreserved tilapia sperm. Semen samples were collected and divided into four treatment groups: Control (C, 0% Av), Treatment 1 (T1, 10% Av, antibiotic: sugar), Treatment 2 (T2, 10% Av, antibiotic: sugar-free), and Treatment 3 (T3, 10% Av, antibiotic-free: sugar) mixed with a Tri...
Mona F. Shousha1*, Aml M. Ragab2 and Salwa M. Helmy1
...termined the patterns of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp., which was isolated from sick broilers from different farms in Egypt. Then, we investigated the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Salmonella isolates. First, 800 internal organs (heart, liver, intestine, and yolk sac) were collected from 200 infected broilers to genetically analyze their recovered Salmonella antimicrobial resistant g...
Mohammad Lalmoddin Mollah*, Arobi Jahan Disha and Dipa Rani Pal
... The most typically used antibiotic were ceftriaxone (95%) and amoxicillin (83.75%). Lack of vaccination, season, age, outdoor access, poor management, owners’ ignorance, various topographic regions, environments and multi-cat households were identified as significant risk factors. The study underscores the need for vaccination, hygiene practices, and further researchs to mitigate the impact of cat flu on feline health and welfare is needed....
Nguyen Khanh Thuan1*, Bui Thi Le Minh1, Ngo Van Thong1,2, Nguyen Ho Thanh Tuyen1, Nguyen Lam Truong1, Pham Minh Thien1
...ptibility, prevalence of antibiotic-resistance genes, and adhesive antigens. The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility test using the disc diffusion method indicated that those E. coli strains isolated from pigs’ feces were significantly resistant to ampicillin (61.30%, 81.81%), followed by streptomycin (54.84%, 63.64%). However, those E. coli strains were still sensitive to some of the antibiotics, especially of...
Qamar Ullah1,2, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1*, Raheela Akhtar1 and Aftab Ahmad Anjum3
...asma (PRP) group (n=32), antibiotic group (n=32) and PRP plus antibiotic group (n=32). Whole blood was taken from the animal’s jugular vein, and PRP was prepared by double spin open method and infused intra-mammary to the same animal from which the blood was taken. An intra-mammary antibiotic was administered intra-mammary to the animals of the antibiotic
Karar Ali Abdulkhuder* and Abdul Kareem Salman Alyassari
... eyes. Understanding the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and genetic mechanisms underlying resistance is crucial for guiding effective treatment strategies. This study aimed to assess the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from eye infections. For this purpose, a total of 20 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were obtained from eye infection samples and t...
Baraa Qasim Mohammed1, Asmaa Hamoody Abdullah1, Ahmed Raheem Rayshan2*
...ceptibility to essential antibiotics. For this purpose, a total of twelve ear swabs were taken from affected canines. The isolates were initially identified based on their morphological characteristics, such as size, color, and shape, as well as by Gram’s staining, biochemical tests, and Vitek2 system confirmation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was then confirmed by PCR assay. Importantly, all isolates tested positive for the ability to produce the virulence fa...
Mahmoud Ezzat1, Fatma Youssef2, Ahmed Eid1, Marwa E. Abo Hashem1*
...tibiogram, virulence and antibiotic resistance genes identification by PCR and sequence analysis. In total, 300 samples were gathered (100 chicken liver, 150 chicken feces, 50 human stool). Bacteriological examination, serotyping, antibiogram, virulence (invA, stn) and antibiotic resistance genes (ermB, aadB) PCR screening for detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance of strains and stn gene sequencing in S. Typhim...
Diaa El-Boraey1, Mousa A. Ayoub1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Said Ibrahim Fathalla3, Ibrahim Said Abu-alya3, Mohamed Abaza4, Ahmed R. Gado5, Mobarez A.A.6, Nehal K. Alm Eldin6
...d handling to administer antibiotics or inactivated vaccines. As a result, it observes a lot of Egyptian chicken farmers started mixing antibiotics with inactivated vaccines then administrating as one shot. Therefore, this study conducted to examine the impact of some antibiotics: amikacin and gentamicin on their effectiveness of an inactivated oil in water adjuvant avian influenza vaccine...
Sehar Aslam1, Muhammad Qasim1*, Mohsin Khurshid2*, Usman Ali Ashfaq1 and Muhammad Akhtar Ali3
...crobial activity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The anti-cancer activity of all isolates was also evaluated against the Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2), and all isolates showed significant anticancer activity. These findings validate the beneficial therapeutic values of novel probiotic strains isolated from dairy sources, specifically Dahi, and suggest that they could be used in fo...
Mat Zin Ain-Auzureen1, Maizan Mohamed1, Tan Li Peng1, Mohd Faizal Ghazali2, Choong Siew Shean1, Kamaruddin Mardhiah3, Najiah Musa4, Nora Faten Afifah Mohamad5, Chai Min Hian2 and Ruhil Hayati Hamdan1*
...dy aims to determine the antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of V. alginolyticus isolates from Asian seabass in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 180 Asian seabass was dissected and a loopful of kidney and liver samples were inoculated on thiosulphate-citrate bile-salt sucrose (TCBS) agar and CHROMagarTM Vibrio. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the isolates and detect the twelve virulence genes associ...
Mohamed E. Enany1, Ahmed M. Hamouda2, Reem M. Khashaba3*
...conducted to improve the antibiotics activity by combination with natural plant extracts. Turkey poults were assayed for the presence of Enterobacteriaceae species with prevalence 40% (40/100) of the tested samples. Escherichia coli has the highest prevalence rate with 77.5% followed by klebsiella spp and Salmonella spp. with7.5%and 5% respectively.Resistance of the collected Enterobacteriaceae strains was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test agai...
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Effect of Withania Somnifera Supplement on Thyroid Gland Hormones, Body Weight, Body Temperature and Thyroglobulin in Males Rabbits Induced with Hypothyroidism
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Factors Related to Immunity after Rabies Vaccination in the Dog Population Raised in An Giang Province, Viet Nam
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