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Gregg D. Caruso

Science, Religion and Culture
...r place in it, it is no surprise that these issues are of profound importance to many of us. It is vital, therefore, that we ask ourselves: Are science and religion compatible when it comes to understanding cosmology (the nature and origin of the universe), biology (the origin of life and of the human species), ethics, and the human mind (minds, brains, souls, and free will)? Do science and religion occupy non-overlapping magisteria? How do science and religio...

John Martin Fischer

...nsibility, I find that (surprisingly) our views don’t really differ that much from each other. It might seem that our views are miles apart; but upon reflection, it turns out that they are very close, and with the intelligent and patient help of Pereboom, one can see the great appeal of his approach to a whole range of interrelated issues. I’m not going to mince words: this book is a masterful and comprehensive articulation of Derk Pereboom&rsquo...

Ahmed Sultan Jatoi1*, Shahid Mehmood2, Jibran Hussain2, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2, Yassar Abbas3, Muhammad Akram2

 

...ences, Lahore. For this purpose, 2160 newly hatched quail chicks were randomly picked up from available stock and then placed into 108 experimental units (replicates comprising 20 chicks each). Growth parameters i.e. weekly body weight (g), weight gain (g), times of weight gain, feed intake (g) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were calculated during the study period. Data were analysed by ANOVA technique and means were compared by using DMR test. The results of...

Nisar Ahmad1*, Inayatullah Jan2, Saif Ullah1 and Sidra Pervez1

 

...ore, study explores the purpose of farmers for acquiring loan and major sources of credit in district Jhang. This study is based on primary data collected in 2013 from eight villages in district Jhang – Punjab, Pakistan. The district was divided into four zones and two villages were selected from each zone. An equal number of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, i.e. ten each, were selected from each village. Thus the total sample size was 160 farmers. C...

Faheem Khan*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

... were selected for this purpose. A multi-stage sampling method was used to draw sample of 336 sugarcane growers for the present study and an interview schedule was used to solicit responses that addressed the research objectives. The findings from the study showed that 80 percent of respondents were illiterate while the 20 percent of respondents who were literate had achieved various levels of education. In the years 2012 and 2013, the average yield of educat...

Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi

...each of most. It is not surprising that religion has been around for possibly more than 100,000 years, while academic research is a recent historical development. Over the past century, individuals who make academic research their life’s work have been themselves the subject of academic studies which looked at their social origins, conscious ideals, beliefs, and psychological traits. The findings regarding religiosity have been striking. Academics, espec...

Rabnawaz1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Tahir Sarwar2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3

...shawar Valley. For this purpose, 18 farms were selected under public canal system and 13 under civil canal systems. Results revealed that average CWP of wheat, maize, sugarcane and tomato was 0.96, 1.11, 3.31, 3.61 kg m-3 under public and 0.90, 0.77, 2.36, 2.98 kg m-3, under civil system, respectively. In public canal system, the average CWP of the selected crops was 7, 40, 44 and 21% higher than civil canal system, respectively. Low CWP in...

Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El-Naggar2, Abdulrahman M. Gamal3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mohamed M. Hamoud4, Sherif T. Moubarak3, Ashraf M. Metwally1, Manal M. Zaki3, Shimaa A.E. Nasr3, Samah Elsaid3, Mohamed M. Ali3, Hussein A. Hussein1 and Osama K. Zahran3

Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

...and Peraclean®. The purpose from using the Egyptian H5N1 viruses in the evaluation was to achieve maximum simulation of Egyptian field reality as the two viruses represent the two main subclades currently co-circulating in Egypt. The disinfectants were tested individually for effectiveness against HPAI H5N1 for 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes contact time. Numerical method and neutralization test were used to assess the ability of each disinfe...

Abiodun D. Olabode

...ructured interview were purposively employed to obtain individual response of the farmers whose plots fall within the demarcated forty-sampled quadrats from both irrigated and non-irrigated farms. Information on socio-economic activities of the rice farmers, level of rice yield, agricultural practices for rice production and farm management techniques employed in the study area were observed. The study employed simple percentages to analyse the farmers’ ...

Neha Singh and Anjana Pandey

...ase and for therapeutic purposes.

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Muhammad Ibrahim, Jawaria Ali Khan, Muhammad Sarwar Khan, Wasim Shehzad, Muhammad Avais, Ali Husnain, Naimatullah Khan, Muhammad Kamran Ameen and Abdullah Iqbal

...gn: justify;">The major purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of some allopathic and herbal ingredients for treatment of subclinical mastitis and to test out how these ingredients can be used for enhancement of milk quality as well as their effects on the haematological values. Total 30 cows were selected for this study kept in different dairy farms in the premises of Lahore. Out of these 30 cows, 24 had subclinical mastitis and 6 were healthy. Co...

Sayeda Sarah and Muhammad Ibrar

...war, Pakistan. The main purpose of this research was to find out the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculation (with and without Mycorrhiza) along with application of various levels (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) of rock phosphate (RP) fertilizer on spores density and percent root colonization of selected sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in P-deficient soil. It was observed that spore density and AMF root colonization was higher in the soil o...

Muhammad Khurshid, Muhammad Nafees, Inam-ur-Rahim and Wajid Rashid

...storal system. For this purpose, participatory discussions, Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to identify and record land use changes during past three decades. Detail interviews were also conducted with nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoralists to identify and evaluate the impacts of agriculture land use changes on their pastoral activities. The result shows that since the late 1980’s cash crops cultivation ex...

Robina Karim and Dawood Jan

.... To achieve the stated purpose, study adopted methodology which required testing of hypothesis which states “Pakistan’s foreign trade is expected to be largely better off once WTO’s regime is fully implemented in Pakistan and rest of the world”. The statistical results show that, the coefficient of variation of Pakistan exports trade estimates at 0.1657 during 1985-90 and 0.0936 during 1990-95 pre-WTO periods, which with the exception ...

Atul Sharma, Aruna Chandra Singh, Gautam Bacher, Sunil Bhand

...ay be suitable for this purpose. In this review, the importance of detection of antibiotic residue contamination, reported analytical methods, advancement in biosensing platform especially regarding electrochemical transduction are discussed in detail. Finally, future prospects toward the development of selective and sensitive aptasensors for antibiotic detection are presented.

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Asma-ul-Husna1, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari2, Bushra Allah Rakha3, Rabea Ejaz1, Nemat Ullah1 and Shamim Akhter1*

...lo bull semen. For this purpose, two consecutive ejaculates were collected from three Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls using artificial vagina at weekly intervals for a period of three weeks (three replicates). Qualifying semen ejaculates were diluted (50×106 motile spermatozoa ml-1) in tris citric acid extender with melatonin at 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM. Diluted semen was cooled to 4°C for 2 h and equilibrated for 4 h at 4°C. Straws were then...

Abdul Baset1, Qun Liu1,*, Muhammad Tariq Hanif1, 2, Baochao Liao1, Aamir Mahmood Memon1,3 and Muhammad Mohsin1

...son models and ASPIC (a surplus production model incorporating covariates) contain Fox and Logistic models. The average annual landings of S. longiceps stocks were 38 353 t while the highest and lowest 65 050 t in 1994 and 26 937 t in 2009 was recorded correspondingly. The MSY was estimated using the initial proportion (IP) value of 1 because the starting catch was approximately 100% of the maximum catch. The estimated values of MSY using CEDA with the Fox mod...

Oluwasogo David Olorunfemi, Oluwasegun Adetokunbo Adekunle, Felix Olayinka Oladipo, Temitope Oluwaseun Oladele and Oladimeji Idowu Oladele

...ndents for the study. A purposive selection of two Local Government Areas each from the two Agricultural Development Programme administrative zones (Zones C and D) in Kwara State where fish farming is prominent and well-practiced was carried out. Forty fish farmers were then randomly selected from the fish farmers’ association chapter present in each selected Local Government Area. Interview-schedule was used to elicit information from the respondents. T...

Nusrat Habib, Safeena Inam and Abdul Hayee Qureshi

...luding Pakistan for the purpose to increase oil production. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa it was adopted from many years but due to some reasons its production and acreage decreased both in Pakistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. During 1997 area of sunflower was 6763 hectares with decreasing trend it reached at 503 hectares during 2011-12 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This study was conducted to quantify the factors contributing to the non-adoption of sunflower. Data was collected...

Muhammad Afzal1 and Murad Khan2*

...merbagh on the basis of purposive sampling technique. From these tehsils, 92 farms were selected randomly from 460 poultry farms. The sample farms were categorized into three groups i.e. small, medium and large. For analysing the data, descriptive statistics and gross margin were used. The average total cost of small poultry farm was Rs. 3,10,067 per flock while that of medium and large farms were Rs. 4,99,002 and Rs.7,34,290 respectively. The highest cost was...
Irshad Ahmad
...ure wood and ecological purposes. It is widely grown on farmlands in Northern Areas of Pakistan, where it is a cash crop ranked third in value of exports after onion and tomato. It is attacked by a number of insect pests including walnut borer (Zeuzera coffeae Nietner) that adversely affects the yield and quality of the fruit and wood. This study describes the life cycle of the pest, the nature and extent of damage done to walnut, and the preventive mea...

Wazha Mugabe1,2, Lawrence Akanyang1, Mackenzie Nsinamwa1, Batanani Moatswi1, Naledi Matthews1, Kealeboga Dipheko1, Imtiaz Ahmed Ujjan3 and Assar Ali Shah2*

... as well as maintenance purposes for cattle in the dry season. Thus understanding the dynamics on rangeland response to grazing could prove worthy in finding an equilibrium point for optimizing animal productivity, with limited range degradation. Therefore, the current study was aimed at determining and comparing fodder tree species composition along grazing gradient in fenced and unfenced grazing area in the Gaborone North Region. For each study area, two par...

Sitansu Pan and N. K. Mishra

Epidemiological studies on some diseases of guava (Psidium guajava L.)
...analysed for predictive purpose from regression equations. The simple correlation coefficient matrix showed significantly positive correlation of canker severity with maximum relative humidity at 1% level whereas, anthracnose correlated well with minimum relative humidity, temperature and number of rainy days at 5% level. The negative correlation was obtained for stem canker and dry rot with all parameters at 1% significant level. In case of Phytophthora fruit...

S. Subharani, S. S. Thorat, N. Abem, L. Amit Kumar and T. K. Singh 

A database on parasitoid of insect pests of crops in Manipur, India
...atabase is for academic purpose and it includes the taxonomic details of the parasitoid, host insect, host plant, morphological characters, geographical distribution, period of activity, parasitoid behavior and its biology etc. Image of the parasitoid species are also provided for helping in easy identification of the species. Keywords: Database, insect-pest, parasitoids, Manipur
 

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A. Sajeena and T. Marimuthu

Efficacy, stability and persistence of Ganosol, a Ganoderma based fungicide against plant pathogens
...hree months of storage. Surprisingly, spraying cowpea plants with the formulation as simultaneous spray reduced the number of lesions produced by Groundnut Bud Necrosis virus in cowpea by 88.39% when compared to the inoculated control, suggesting the antiviral potential of the formulation. 

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A. K. Ganguly and Uma Rao

Decades of researches in biochemical and molecular nematology at IARI
...ant varieties and other purposes like regulatory and nematode diagnostics. Attempts have also been to made to understand the molecular signaling events during compatible plant nematode interactions by identifying the genes during the transition from preparasitic to parasitic stage in ear cockle nematode and molya disease of wheat. Currently attempts are being made to utilize RNAi technology to identify the genes targets for the management of root knot and cyst...
Jakub Jan Skorupski
... was analyzed. For this purpose set of 3 amplicons were sequenced, including 5’-UTR and all exons and introns. The study involved 389 animals. The sequencing results revealed the presence of 5 exons (10 bp, 161 bp, 117 bp, 162 bp, 201 bp) and 4 introns (245 bp, 171 bp, 176 bp, 290 bp), with a total length of 1745 bp. Fourteen polymorphic variable sites were identified: 12 SNP substitutions, one single nucleotide deletion and one ins/del polymorphism. The...
P.P. Ghosh*, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato and M.K. Bhattacharjya
...stead condition for the purpose of consumption and seed for the next year sowing. Callosobruchus sp.(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is the major stored grain pest of blackgram under homestead condition resulting 15 – 30% grain damage during storage. An attempt was made to identify a practical and low cost solution of such damage with the active participation of village women responsible for the storage. Proven biological, chemical and botanical (veget...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Sultan Ayaz2, Sajid Umar4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Muhammad Shafee6, Ikramullah Khan7, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Azmat Ullah Khan8Naimat Ullah Malik1 and Abdul Razzaq9
...wat and Kohat. For this purpose 360 stool samples were collected from the District Headquarter Hospitals of all the three districts and were screened through microscopy. Results yielded an overall prevalence of 11.11%, with significant difference (P<0.05) among different study areas. Prevalence was highest in district Bannu (11.66%), followed by district Lakki Marwat and Kohat with 10% in each district. Statistical analysis revealed significant difference (...

Umer Wahid1, Shahid Ali2* and Nihal Ahmad Hadi3

...ber of seedling for the purpose to increase the productivity. It is further recommended that government should provide training facilities to the farmers to improve their skills, as a results of which the productivity will be increased

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Koksal Karadas1* and Ibrahim Hakki Kadırhanogullari2
...ince of Turkey with the purpose of determining some factors influencing average honey yield (AHY) per beehive in the year 2014. For this purpose, predictive performances of several data mining algorithms (CART, CHAID, Exhaustive CHAID and MARS) and artificial neural network algorithm (Multilayer Perceptron, MLP) were evaluated comparatively. Several factors thought as independent variables in the survey were age of beekeeper...
Rahat Naseer1*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Zulfiqar-ul-Hassan2, H. Rehman1, Saima Naveed1, F. Masood1 and M. Tayyab1
...the ruminants. For this purpose rice husk was subjected to different processing techniques using acid, alkali, water treatment and fermentation to prepare processed moiety on pilot scale. All these processed materials were included in experimental ration at a fixed level (20 %). All iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous rations were offered to experimental animals (n=36, 22 male 14 female Lohi sheep almost evenly distributed in experimental groups) having almost uni...

Wali Khan1, Naushad Khan2 and Shaista Naz2*

...stan. For this, through purposive sampling technique a sample size of 80 bee keepers was selected from the three tehsils of the agency (i.e; Khar, Salarzai, and Nawagai). The data were collected from the sampled bee keepers using a pretested questionnaire by face to face interview in 2014 production period. The collected data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, descriptive statistics, rank orders and paired t-test. Findings revealed that bee keeping ...
Muhammad Arslan Khan1,*, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Imran-ul-haq1 and Rashad Waseem Khan2
...their control. For this purpose fifteen cotton growing areas in Southern Punjab were surveyed in year 2013-14. Data were recorded on disease prevalence, incidence, frequency percent of root rot fungi and nematodes population. Maximum disease prevalence was recorded in Tibba Sultanpur (100%) and Dunyapur (88%) whereas disease incidence calculated was 5% and 4.4%, respectively, in these areas. Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) was frequently isolated (78%) f...
Saleem Khan1, Amir Hamza2, Farhadullah Khan3, M. Subhan4, Aziz Khan1, Irfan Ali Shah1, Shakirullah Khan Shakir3*
... was designed. For this purpose, dry seeds of four cotton genotypes (Gomal-93, Bt-131, Bt-121 and Bt-CIM-602) were exposed to gamma rays with 10, 15, 20 and 25 Kilo Radium (KR) doses sourced from 60Co. The irradiated seed samples were assumed treated seeds while non-irradiated seeds of each genotype were used as control. Field experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates in the green house. Radiation effect...
Muhammad Fiaz1, Khadija Munawar2, Muhammad Mushtaq2,*, Mukhtar Ahmad3, Mushtaq Ahmad Chaudhry3, Muhammad Aslam3, Tanveer Ahmad1 and Nasrullah4
...survivability. For this purpose, Salt Range neonatal lambs (n = 24, age = 01 week) were selected and divided equally into three groups having 08 lambs each. The experimental lambs were fed ewe milk, calf milk replacer-1 (Telilac) and calf milk replacer-2 (Creamo) through nipple feeding for optimum performance in lambs after mandatory colostrum feeding. Results depicted that average daily gain (ADG) and the body measurements were not different (P>0.05) among...
Muhammad Usman Qamar1, 2, Sidrah Saleem1, Usman Arshad1, Muhammad Farhan Rasheed3, Hasan Ejaz4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Shah Jahan6,*
...onally used for medical purposes including remedy of bacterial infection. However, scientific evidences for its antimicrobial effects particularly against NDM-1 producing bacteria are lacking. In addition to antibiotic profiling, the present study aimed at determining the in vitro anti- bacterial activity of Manuka honey against NDM-1 producing clinical isolates of Pakistan. A total of five carbapenem resistant bacterial species; E. coli, K. pneumoni...
Masooma Munir1,2*, Aqsa Qayyum1, Saeeda Raza1, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui1, Amer Mumtaz1, Naeem Safdar1, Sahar Shible1, Sohaib Afzal3, Saiqa Bashir4
...t but also for culinary purpose. The current study has been undertaken to develop a nutritious, healthy and value added drink. Proximate, mineral analysis, total polyphenol content and mineral analysis of basil seeds was conducted. Result revealed that basil seeds are not only good source of fiber and protein but they provide appreciable amount of minerals and phenolic compounds. Swollen basil seeds were used to prepare beverage at three supplementation levels...

Rabia Tahir1*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1, Muti-u-Rehman Khan2, Farah Khan1, Hassan Bin Aslam1 and Arslan Mehboob

...ovarian route. For this purpose, liver and spleen samples (n=90) were collected from day-old-chicks derived from breeders at 14, 21 and 30 days of post-infection with AAV-4. The presence of AAV-4 DNA was detected through PCR. Chicks from virus-challenged breeders failed to show a clear and expected PCR positivity. The connotations derived from these findings are that vertical transmission via transovarian route is reported the field conditions. However, based ...

Hassan Hashim Ghalib, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullan Jan and Ghaffar Ali 

...Pakistan. Data for this purpose are collected from 255 wheat growers, selected from Southern, Central and Northern climatic zones of KP. Results from descriptive statistical analysis demonstrate that net-return per acre from wheat crop is highest in the Central zone because of conducive agro-climatic conditions. The estimated Cross-sectional Ricardian Model reveals that temperature and rainfall have non-linear relationships with net-return per acre. The relati...

Sanjukta Chakrabarti1, Colin J. Barrow2, Rupinder K. Kanwar3, Venkata Ramana1*, Rakesh N. Veedu4,5 and Jagat R. Kanwar3* 

...e results were also not surprising as the aptamer was administered naked and at low dose. As these are only our preliminary studies, a detailed investigation is planned using multiple doses, chitosan nanoparticle conjugated aptamer inline with the previous report on RNV66, and an approved VEGF inhibitor Avastin. Overall, the findings highlight that VEGFR1(D1-D3)-Fc can also serve as a potential anti-angiogenic molecule. 

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Attaullah Ansari* and Nasreen Memon 

...llected, among which Episurphusbaltatus, De Geer, Eritalinus aeneus, Scopoli, and Ischiodon scutellaris, Fabricius were found to be most prevalent whereas; Eristalis arbustorum was found least in number during study period. The abundance of hoverflies fauna varied seasonally, the highest abundance was recorded in spring while lowest in autumn. Pearson’s correlation coefficient results revealed that there was a strong positive and significant correla...

Inayatullah Jan*, Sajid Khan, Noor Paio Khan and Muhammad Ashfaq 

... was conducted in three purposively selected villages namely; Nasir Kaly, Shankar and Kodeenaka. From the field surveys, it was found that majority of the respondents were smallholders or tenants. After procuring and properly utilizing credit, the yield of the major crops such as wheat, maize, and sugarcane and the resultant income of the respondents exhibited significant increase, as confirmed by higher t-values. The study concludes that the socio-economic co...
Tahira Perveen1,*, Shaista Emad1, Saara Ahmad2, Zehra Batool1, Sarwat Yousuf1, Sheeza Sheikh1, Sara Qadeer1 and Saida Haider1
...s are used as medicinal purposes. One such herb is Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Fennel has many efficacious uses. It is a common herb and spice. It is used in many culinary purposes and also it has therapeutic purposes. In the present study antidepressant effects of fennel oil was monitored by comparing it with a synthetic antidepressant drug, fluoxetine. The rats were divided into ...
Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1,2, Danling Tang1,*, Ye Hai Jun1, Morozov Evgeny1, Sufen Wang1 and Muhammad Aslam Buzdar
...sed which were based on surplus production models. From CEDA Fox, Schaeder and Pella-Tomlinson were used with initial proportion (IP) 0.9 were used because the starting catch was 90% of the maximum catch the MSY estimated value from Fox with three error assumptions (normal, lognormal and gamma) were 3378 (R2=0.590), 3360 (R2=0.582), 3369 (R2 =0.586), respectively, whereas the obtained values from Schaefer and Pella-Tomlinson wi...
Tariq Mahmood*1, Syed Wasif Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Rais1, Hira Fatima1, Faraz Akrim1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...ulensis for nesting purpose while black kite Milvus migrans utilized semal tree Bombax ceiba. The weaver bird Ploceus philippinus also utilized only Acacia nilotica for nesting. The common crow, common myna, black kite, black drongo, red turtle dove Streptopelia tranquebarica and Indian robin Saxicoloides fulicatus successfully bred in particular nests whereas red wattled lapwing Vanellus vanellus, pigeon
Rimsha Nawaz1, Muhammad Javed1, Sidra Abbas1* and Safina Kousar2
...eo rohita. For this purpose, four groups of Labeo rohita (one-year old) were exposed to different treatments as 96-h LC50, 2/3rd, 1/4th and 1/5th of LC50 concentrations of iron chloride for 30 days in the glass aquaria with three replications for each treatment. After 30-day exposure of iron chloride, the fish organs viz. kidney and liver were isolated and the peroxidase enzyme activity w...

Soraya Khosravian Dehordi*, Abdolnaser Mohebbi and Kahin Shahanipour

...um (Cd) metal. For this purpose, thirty male rats equally divided into six groups, group I received nano-Se (0.1mg/kg) alone as dose, group II selenite odium (0.1mg Se/kg) alone, group III Cd chloride (300mg/250cc), group IV Cd along with nano-Se, group V Cd along with selenite sodium and group VI (control) given (1 ml) saline. All doses was orally (gavage) given to rates.Protein carbonyls (PC) andthiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS),superoxide dism...
Tania Ahmed Shakoori1,*, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Asif Hanif2, Saima Mukhtar3 and Ayesha Ghauri4 
... study design. For this purpose 137 patients were included in the study after obtaining necessary permissions from the ethical board of the hospital. COPD was diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms and a post bronchodilator values of FEV1/FVC<0.70 on spirometry. Frequent exacerbator’s were defined as patients experiencing 2 or more exacerbation episodes per year, which merited visited to the hospital. Average number of hospital visits for exacerb...

Muhammad Tariq1*, Muhammad Khawar Hussain1, Zilakat Khan Malik2 and Noor Jehan1 

...at farm level. For this purpose data has been collected from 382 randomly selected strawberry producers of two purposively selected villages of district Charsadda. Out of 382 producers 176 were located in Tebana Dhere and 206 in Sarkai village. It is find out that 47% of land area was under the cultivation of strawberry with average production of 2898 kilogram per acre. The per acre average values of land preparation, NPK fe...

Muhammad Zamin* and Abdul Mateen Khattak 

...inity problem. For this purpose, various ecotypes of Sporobolus spicatus were investigated by conducting mowing tests in the year 2013 under UAE climatic conditions. Fifty ecotypes of Sporobolus spicatus were cut at various heights, i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 cm. Significant differences were found among various ecotypes and mowing heights for different growth and quality parameters including green cover, canopy stiffness, leaf length and width. Most of the ecotypes...
Francisco J. Ayala
... the one hand, there is purpose in nature. Human eyes have a purpose, namely, to see. Teleological explanations are required in biology for (1) goal oriented behavior; (2) self-regulating systems; and (3) the function of organs and limbs. On the other hand, the natural history of evolution does not require a Creator or a planning agent external to the organisms themselves. There is no scientific evidence of any vital force o...
Ted Peters
... in Kansas City; George Murphy, physicist and pastor in Akron OH; and distinguished evolutionary biologist and winner of the Presidential Medal for Science, Francisco J. Ayala. I offer responses to each critique.
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Afsheen Masood1*, Rubab Musarrat2, Shama Mazahir3 and Adeela Ashraf4  

...through non-probability purposive sampling procedure. Both cohorts were matched on the basis of the age and income level of the parents. Quality of Life Scale WHOQOLS and Marital Satisfaction Scale were used to collect the data from Anmol and Sundus Foundation and Fatmeed Foundation, Lahore. The results from independent sample t- test revealed that the quality of life and marital satisfaction of parents of children with leukemia was significantly lower than th...

Muhammad Yahya Noori1*, Saharish Rizwan2, Zaheer Ali3 and Shaheen Sharafat4 

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this project was to evaluate the pattern of transmission in patients suffering from Multidrug resistant (MDR) Tuberculosis by assessing their contact information. Data were obtained and analyzed from 164 individuals suffering from MDR TB. Records were scanned to evaluate the presence of a close contact with known history of Tuberculosis. Tabulations and analysis were performed in Microsoft Excel® and online calculators. A...

Attia Anwar1, Sajida Malik2*, Zobia Usman1 and Sadia Chiragh3 

...e-Dawley rats. For this purpose, twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in two groups. Group A (n=10) was given distilled water and Group B (n=10) was supplemented berberine hydrochloride with dose of 75 mg/kg body weight/day. 24 weeks post-treatment, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from both groups and tested for Hb (%), WBC, RBC and platelet counts, SGPT, alkaline phosphatse, serum uric acid, blood urea and serum creatinine. All the numeric...
Richard Swinburne
... of an ancient argument purporting to show that a temporal God (that is, one who exists at all moments of time), could not have infallible knowledge of any future causally undetermined contingent event, and so – if there are any such events - could not be essentially omniscient, in the sense of having infallible knowledge of all true propositions. Given the assumption that human free actions are causally underdetermined, this entails that such a God...
Samra Imran1,* and Afifa Tanweer2
...liac patients. For this purpose 50 diagnosed celiac patients were selected from Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex and Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Nutritional assessment was carried out through anthropometric, biochemical and dietary evaluation of the participants. Results indicated that participants aged less than 18 years and those diagnosed within first year of life, had significantly healthier body dimensions. Higher family income, female gender and greater meal sati...

Rahila Nizami1, Muhammad Zahid Latif2*, Intzar Hussain3 and Khalid Rashid

...professionals. For this purpose, a cross sectional and non-probability convenient sampling was conducted involving 59 medical professionals of Azra Naheed Medical College, Lahore. The assessment of leadership-style (T-P leadership rating scale) was applied. The age of subjects was 37.42±11.91 years; 29(49.15%) were males and 27(45.76%) were femalse whereas 3(5.1%) were undisclosed gender. The mean age of males was 41.28±12.85 years and average ag...

Sadaf Ghulam Rasul1*, Uzma Yaqub2, Maida Manzoor1 and Hafsa Mubasshar

... and an non-probability purposive technique of sampling was used. Diagnostic laparoscopy was conducted to make a diagnosis of endometriosis. Females were divided into two groups. Females in group A received treatment with Letrozole tablets (2.5 mg/day) and in group B received Danazol tablets (600 mg/day) for 3 months. Pelvic pain was assessed using VAS score and the mean decrease in pain score was assessed between two groups using independent sample student t-...

Khalid Mahmood Aujla, Sajida Taj*, Khalid Mahmood** and Nadeem Akmal*

... 238 wheat growers were purposively selected from different cropping zones of the Punjab province as sample of the national survey. The survey results reveal that decline in wheat area, the incidence of frost/cold spells, shortage of irrigation water over normal supplies, imbalanced use of fertilizers particularly of DAP fertilizer below the recommended doses, higher prices of inputs such as seed, fertilizer, diesel, electricity and less wheat prices during 20...

 Sumia Bint Zaman, Sidra Majeed and Shahid Ahmad*

...t promising option. The purpose of this study was to evaluate primarily the regional and global experiences to assess the potential of Jatropha farming in Pakistan and to conduct a comparative economic analysis of alternate feasible options e.g. production of oilseeds, which are also being imported in large quantities. Temporal analysis (1950-09) for edible oil consumption, production and imports is made. Projections for edible oil are worked out up to 2030. A...

 Sarfraz Ahmad, Shaista Koukab, Nayyar Razzaq, Muhammad Islam, Aneel Rose*, and Muhammad Aslam**

...r the world due to multipurpose uses. Field experiments were conducted at Arid Zone Research Centre, Quetta to evaluate the growth and production potential of Matricaria recutita. Two crops a year are possible in highlands of Balochistan. The first production cycle starts from late February upto June and second production period is from August to November. Flowers are produced in flushes and picking is possible with 10-15 days interval. In irrigated conditions...

Mian Sajjad Ahmad1, Somia Iqtadar1, Sami Ullah Mumtaz1*, Zafar Niaz1, Iqra Waheed2 and Sajid Abaidullah

...uded by non-probability purposive sampling. Patients aged 15-70 years of either gender were included. Oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) was done in each patient with unrestricted carbohydrate diet for three days and avoiding coffee, smoking and heavy exercise six hours before the test. Fasting sample was taken then 75g oral glucose was given. Sample after two hours was sent to KEMU clinical lab. A positive result of the patient was labeled as IGT. The patients mea...

Halima Shoukat1*, Hafiz Sheraz Arshad2, Faiza Sharif1, Arooj Fatima1 and Filza Shoukat

...amstring tightness. The purpose of the study was to determine effects of different static stretch holding-times on hamstring muscles flexibility and their impacts on improving range of motion (ROM) of knee extension in adults. This experimental work was conducted on students of University of Lahore from December 2013 to March 2014. The study comprised of 60 subjects with asymptomatic tightness of hamstrings muscles and subjects were aged between 18-26 years (i...
Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Sehrish Bilal1, Madeeha Khalid1, Muhammad Tahir Nazir1 and A.R. Shakoori2

 

... was employed. For this purpose a dissection of 3-D model of A. mellifera and T. castaneum AChE enzyme was studied which showed that change in amino acid sequence of primary structure of enzyme exists at the saponin binding site, resulting in weak interaction for A. mellifera as compared to T. castaneum enzyme protein. Computational studies inidicate that A. mellifera enzyme had a little binding affinity for saponin as compar...
Asad Sultan1, Sahal Ahmad1, Sarzamin Khan1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Naila Chand1, Muhammad Tahir3 and Shakoor Ahmad2
...in. 
...
Umair Riaz*1, Zafar Abbas1, Qamar uz Zaman2, Muhammad Mubashir1, Mahwish Jabeen2, Syed Ali Zulqadar1, Zeenat Javeed1, Saeed-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Muhammad Javid Qamar1
...t waters for irrigation purposes after comparison with the standard values used for irrigation water for agricultural crops. The values of EC, SAR, and RSC were ranged from 0.031 to 15.39 dS m-1, 0.02 to 52.66, and 0 to 43.3 me L-1, respectively. Overall, in southwest areas the majority of water samples were found to be fit for irrigation while in northwest area majority of the water samples fall under unfit range. The SO4 rang...

Imtiaz Hussain*, Hassnain Shah, M. Azeem Khan, Waqar Akhtar**, Abdul Majid*** and M. Yaqub Mujahid*

Corresponding author:[email protected]

PRODUCTIVITY IN RICE-WHEAT CROP ROTATION OF PUNJAB: AN APPLICATION OF TYPICAL FARM METHODOLOGY
...m size selected through purposive random sampling applying typical farm methodology. Rice is cultivated on 87% and fodder on 8% of the total area during kharif while wheat on 75% along with berseem on 14% of total area during rabi season. Almost 81% rice and more than 50 % wheat is harvested with combine followed by burning of residues that not only create environmental pollution but also affect the productivity of the cropping system. Stagnation in yield of r...

 Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad, and Ijaz Ashraf**

ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL CONTACT METHODS IN DISSEMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
...ucted in 2010. For this purpose, seven districts from the central region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa including Charsadda, Hangu, Kohat, Mardan, Nowshera, Peshawar and Swabi were selected. Data were collected on various aspects of individual contact methods in diffusion of agricultural technologies from 280 randomly selected farmer respondents. Researchers collected the data with the help of a pretested and validated interview schedule using survey technique. The res...

 Naheed Zahra*, Muhammad Zubair Anwar*, Sonila Hassan** and Irfan Mehmood**

INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT ARRANGEMENT AND THEIR IMPLICATION ON AGRICULTURAL INCOME IN THE SELECTED VILLAGES OF RAWALPINDI DISTRICT
...rom 150 farmers through purposive random sampling. Regression analysis was done to obtain the results. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method was applied to generate the results. Results of this study revealed that there exists a positive and statistically significant relationship between institutional credit and agricultural income of the farmers. The other variables such as source of credit, ownership of farming machinery, access to market and family labour also...

 Elizabeth Stephen Waghchoure-Camphor* and Mohammad Irshad**

SURVEY OF MANAGED F. (APIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) POPULATION IN GALIAT, MURREE AND ISLAMABAD
...ut also for pollination purpose. People interviewed were of the opinion that there is still some potential for these bees. Abbottabad area was having comparatively more population of than other areas.

...

 Muhammad Tayyab Mudassar*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Muhammad Naeemullah**, Muhammad Shakeel*, Muhammad Ashfaque*, Asmat un Nisa* and Javed Khan*

ECONOMIC REARING OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (STEPHENS) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) IN INSECTARY
... to produce the healthy surplus of this predator for experiment and small holding field releases, S. cereallela is recommended as more efficient and economic host as compared to P. solenopsis.

...

 Nusrat Habib*, Muhammad Zubair Anwar* and Ikram Saeed*

COMPARATIVE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF RECOMMENDED MUNGBEAN VARIETIES AT NARC EXPERIMENTAL STATION, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
...ieties for experimental purpose to find out the comparatively best variety in terms of economic benefit. The results of the study were anticipated to provide basis for devising strategy to improve and sustain future mungbean production. The scope for increasing production through adopting drought resistance high yielding varieties and improved management practice seems to contribute significantly. The output-input ratios of AZRI-06, NM- -1 -1 06 and NM-98 were...

 Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Maqsood Ahmad*, Gulshan Riaz* and Sartaj Khan*

PERFORMANCE OF SUMMER FORAGE LEGUMES AND THEIR RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUBSEQUENT OAT CROP IN SUBTROPICAL SUBHUMID POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
...a), lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) and cluster bean (Cymopsis tetragonoloba) with reference to a cereal fodder reference crop of millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and their residual effects on the succeeding oat crop at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan, under rainfed conditions without application of fertilizers in Randomized Complete Block Design. The highest dry matter yield was obtained from millet (8.9 -1 -1 -1 tha ), followed by ...

 Md. Nazirul Islam*, M. Z. Rahman**, R. Ali***, A. K. Azad**** and M. K. Sultan**

DIVERSITY ANALYSIS AND ESTABLISHMENT OF CORE SUBSETS OF HYACINTH BEAN COLLECTION OF BANGLADESH
...4 hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus L.) accessions. Distribution of vine colors, flower and pod colors, pod curvature and beak position on pod noticed the presence of substantial variation in the collection. Shannon Diversity Index also revealed high phenotypic diversity in vine and pod characters. High diversities were estimated in quantitative characters of inflorescence and pod characters. Considering a core collection strategy, the accessions were stratified...

 Muhammad Akhter*, Muhammad Azhar Ali**, Zulqarnain Haider* and Shahzad Muzammil***

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHANGES IN GRAINS OF SOME ADVANCE LINES/ VARIETIES OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) AFTER PARBOILING
...nes/varieties. For this purpose, white milled and parboiled rice samples of ten lines/varieties were analyzed for nutritional quality parameters such as ash, dry matter, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, vitamin B6; milling quality parameters such as total milling recovery, head rice recovery, ratio of broken grains and cooking quality parameters such as curling, bursting and cooked grain length. The study showed significant variation in efficacy of parbo...

 Tosif Tabassam*, Tariq Sultan**, M.Ehsan Akhtar**, M.Mahmood-ulHassan** and Arshad Ali**

SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT FORMULATED CARRIERS FOR SUSTAINING MICROBIAL SHELF LIFE
...) was used for adhesion purpose but considering free of lump formation an important property of a good carrier, mixing 40% of soil with other material was found suitable. Using 40% of soil, six different treatments were formulated and physico-chemical characteristics were determined. Four combinations in the range of 40% clay, 30-40% fly-ash, 10-15% press mud and 10-15% lignitic coal were selected which had good adhesion capacity, moisture holding capacity, nu...

 Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Abid Hussain*

ECONOMICS OF MILK PRODUCTION OF MAJOR DAIRY BUFFALO BREEDS BY AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES IN PAKISTAN
...s of Pakistan. For this purpose, 219 buffalo farmers were randomly selected from mixed and rice-wheat cropping zones of Punjab and Sindh provinces, mixed cropping zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, coastal zone of Sindh and mountainousAJK. Of these, 155 and 64 were Nili-Ravi and Kundhi buffalo breed farmers, respectively. The study revealed that among the structure of cost components, feed cost occupied the major share in total cost of milk production....

 Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Tariq Hassan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saleem Abid*, Irum Raza* and Saqib Shakeel Abbasi*

ASSESSMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING COURSE UNDER WATERSHED PROJECT AT FATEHJANG FIELD STATION, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...s of adoption. For this purpose Climate and Alternate Energy Water Resources Institute, NARC, organized a professional training on “Water Rehabilitation and Irrigation Technology Improvements” in April, 2014 in collaboration with ICARDA and USDA. Twenty seven professionals from different organizations and departments namely; AlMustafa Development Network (ADN), Taleem Foundation, Islamic International University (IIUI) Islamabad, National Agricultu...

 Azhar Usman Ali*, Ghulam Sarwar*, Muhammad Aftab* and Sher Muhammad**

EFFECT OF SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLIED COPPER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
...pplication. For -1 this purpose, non-saline non-sodic soil (pH = 8.10, EC = 0.85 dS m , SAR = 4.60, saturation percentage = 29 % and sandy clay loam) was collected, brought to -1 green house and filled in the pots @ 6.5 kg pot . All these pots were irrigated to achieve uniform soil column. This experiment comprised 5 treatments viz., -1 -1 control, soil application of copper @ 2 mg kg (level 1), @ 4 mg kg (level 2), foliar application of copper @ 1% solution (...

 Muneeb Zafar*, Tahir Mehmood**, Irfan Ahmad Baig**, Abdul Saboor** Mazher Abbas***, Shumaila Sadiq** and Khalid Mahmood****

ANALYTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF NON-OPTIMAL USE OF PESTICIDES AND HEALTH HAZARDS FOR VEGETABLE PICKERS
... vegetable pickers. The purpose of this study is to estimate the excessive use of pesticides and economic cost of health hazards for the vegetable pickers in district Vehari. Data from 90 respondents were collected and analyzed. The most common health problems identified during the survey were headache, eye irritation, skin infection, cough and shortness of breath. Health cost consists of costs related to precautionary measure, medication, traveling, the oppor...

 Waqar Akhtar*, Muhammad Sharif**, Abdul Hayee Qureshi*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla*** and Muhammad Azeem Khan*

COMPETITIVENESS OF TOMATO PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ern Punjab for analysis purpose under importable scenario by using import parity price. Results of PAM model revealed that tomato production in both regions of Punjab has competitiveness under prevailing market situation as indicated by positive private profitability and private cost ratio (PCR) which is less than 1. Competitiveness difference in two regions indicated that Central Punjab has more competitiveness at farm level in tomato production. Economic eff...

  Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saqib Shakeel Abbasi and Abid Hussain*

FARMERS PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE APPLICATION OF BIOZOTE IN SELECTED DEMONSTRATED RICE FIELDS AT HAFIZABAD AND SHEIKHUPURA DISTRICTS
...d out for demonstration purpose by a team of technical partners from NARC during 2014. The results are based on farmers’ perception recorded through a structured questionnaire and face to face interviews at their fields. Majority of the host farmers found that plots with biozote had better germination and also found it a good technology for improving rice yield. Non-availability of biozote at local level, less farmers' awareness and low education level o...

Basharat Hussain Shah*, F. S. Hamid*, Shams ul Islam*, Fayaz Ahmad*, Sohail Aslam*, and Noorullah Khan*

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD AND OTHER ATTRIBUTES AT SHINKIARI, MANSEHRA
...pea cultivars. For this purpose six advance lines/commercial pea varieties were collected from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI) Faisalabad and one local variety was included in the experiment as a control. The experiment was conducted during 2014-15 at National Tea & High Value Crops Research Institute (NTHRI) Shinkiari, Mansehra. Altogether seven pea genotypes were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Nor...

 Raza Ullah*, Mariam Rehman*, Maria Anjum*, Muhammad Asif
Kamran**, Khuda Bakhsh***, Abdul Saboor****

NAVIGATING FARMING RISKS BY SIMULTANEOUS DIVERSIFICATION AND CREDIT THROUGH FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
...n: justify;"> Main purpose of the study is to investigate the role of access to information on farmers' risk management adoption decisions keeping in view the potential correlation between these risk management adoption decisions. Bivariate and multinomial probit models are used to assess the impact of access to information on farmers' risk management adoption decisions using data collected from 330 randomly selected respondents from four districts of Khy...

Sher Muhammad , Ijaz Ashraf*, Amir Khatam**, and Naima
Nawaz*** 

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES OF MODEL FARM SERVICES CENTERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...roperly trained for the purpose. Highest farmers' participation was perceived in supply of inputs and was ranked 1 with mean value 3.10. There existed a highly significant association between age, education, land holding, and tenancy status of the respondents and their participation in various activities being carried out under MFSCs. It is recommended that relatively young, educated, big and owner farmers may be given priority for registration in MFSCs so tha...
Wazha Mugabe1,3,Gaolebale Segolame Mpapho1, John Kamau1, Wameotsile Mahabile2, Shalaulani James Nsoso1, Kealeboga Dipheko1 and Assar Ali Shah3,*
...Ninety-one farmers were purposively selected based on milk production potential from a list of 170 farmers officially registered with the Oodi agriculture station. Farmers were visited to conduct face to face interviews and administer a questionnaire. The results showed that farmers milking average three goats constituted the highest (47%) share, and the majority (46%) of them had a daily yield of 1-2 L/day followed by those yielding <1L/day (40%). A signif...

Samina Ashraf1*, Ghulam Haider2 and Maimoona Ashraf

...isual and hearing) were purposively selected as the participants of the study. The age of participants was between 25 to 40 years and they had past experience of any type of abuse of violence, and were cognitively normal to respond interview. At first we identified the participants with the help of survey. A series of detailed and in- depth interview of 60 to 90 minutes were conducted from the participants. On the basis of collected data the researchers have g...
Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1,*, Shagufta Andleeb2, Maha Tahir1, Beenish Zahid1 and Madeeha Arshad1
...veloping mice. For this purpose, different aqueous concentrations of cadmium chloride i.e. 0.00, 6.25, 12.50, 25.00 µg/g B.W of mice were given orally to pregnant mice on days 6-12 of gestation daily. Another series of mice were treated with different concentrations of cadmium chloride and also with an antidote (guava fruit extract) on days 6-18 of gestation daily once a day. Fetuses were recovered on day 18 of gestation, analyzed based on morphol...

Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Abdul Malik2*, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak2, Naveedullah1, Naeem Ijaz3 and Ishaq Ahmad4 

...utilization for various purposes. Current study was conducted in District Karak during June to November, 2009 with the objectives to assess the changes in groundwater table depths due to withdrawal and the water quality parameters and to find the effect of small dams on recharge of ground water aquifer. Water table depths data from the ground surface, discharge of the wells, water quality parameters such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Electrical Conducti...
Ambreen Asghar, Tasleem Akhtar, Nadeem Sheikh*
...fat rich diet. For this purpose, two groups of Wister rats were fed with diets carrying difference in percentage of fats. Protein profiling of treated groups indicated a marked increase in serum protein (related to iron metabolism and immune response) level compared to low fat-fed rats. Additionally, a decreased level of serum proteins was observed in the serum compared to control rats. Taken together, our findings conclude that diets rich in fats result in dy...
Shagufta Andleeb*1, Shabana Shaukat1, Chaman Ara2
...se toxicities. For this purpose, fertilized eggs of Gallus domesticus were randomly divided into four groups of forty eggs each. Control group was intact and untreated. Eggs of one group were injected with a sub-lethal dose of cadmium chloride (1.5 µg/egg) in albumin on 7th day of incubation. In another group, eggs were treated with cadmium chloride and fresh garlic juice (0.2 µg / egg) after a short interval of 10 minutes. Antido...
Muzafar Shah1,*, Mazhar Ali2, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Shabir Ahmad2, Khushi Muhammad3, Israr Alam1, Kausar Saeed1
...arial disease. For this purpose a total of 997 individuals were screened for malarial test in the study area and divided into four category of age i.e. (1-15), (16-30), (31-45), (46-onward), gender wise, union council (Kota, Barikot, Shamozo and Ghalegi) and month wise. It was concluded that out of 997 samples, 204 (20.46%) were found positive, in which mostly under positive, under 15 year of age (23.36%), whereas less cases were recorded in adult (46 a...

Muhammad Iftikharul Husnain1, Aneel Salman1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Tahir Mahmood3 

...ity as an instrument. Unsurprisingly, the magnitude of temperature coefficient increases substantially when endogeneity is controlled and becomes significantly higher (6 percent to 13 percent) than the previously reported findings in the literature. The findings suggest that endogeneity is a crucial issue and must be controlled before carrying out an empirical analysis on the temperature-agriculture nexus to obtain reliable estimates of the regression coeffici...

Murad Khan1* and Muhammad Afzal2 

...gara and Sumerbagh were purposively selected during the year 2015. From these tehsils, 92 poultry farms were selected proportionately from total 460 poultry farms and data were collected on structured questionnaire. The sample farms were categorized into three groups i.e. small, medium and large. For analysing the data, profit function and multiple regression model, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t test were used. The average profit of large size...
Leila A. Kaimbayeva1,*, Elena S. Malysheva2, Rashit Kazikhanov3 and Saule R. Kazikhanova4
...eat products. For these purposes, meat samples were collected from quadriceps of 2.5-4 years old female red deer, immediately processed for isolation of muscular fibers and were evaluated for the pH, water-binding power, activities of tissue enzymes and microstructure changes. The results of chemical analysis revealed the nature of protein substances, altered рН value of the meat and the intensity of glycolysis. All these parameters were indicative...

Urooba Pervaiz1, Abdus Salam1, Dawood Jan2, Ayesha Khan1 and Mahmood Iqbal

...il Mardan were selected purposively based on tomato cultivation. Two villages were randomly selected from each union council. All tomato growers given training by the extension department were selected for interview, thus 104 respondents were interviewed for the study through well-structured interview schedule. Paired t-test was used for the comparison before and after training.The results show that 43% of the respondents were young, literate (85%), owner cult...

Abdur Rehman1*, Wang Jian2, Noor Khan3 and Raheel Saqib

...ultural crops. The main purpose of this article is to compute and determine exactly the sizes and degrees of major crops market risk. The market risk analysis of major crops such as coarse grain rice, wheat, corn, cotton and soybean are determined using the VaR (Value at Risk) model. The practical consequences indicated that the normal distribution model is not appropriate used in evaluating the major crops market risk due to various degrees of market risk in ...

Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Zahir Shah1 and Farmanullah Khan1 

...eobacter strain (MMF-4) surpassed by augmenting all agronomic parameters of rice crop like plant height (85 cm), plant fresh weight (45 g), dry weight (24.5 g) and root dry weight (2.80 g) followed by MMF-5 treatment. As regard shoot tissue analysis, the nutrients concentration was significantly changed in plant. The highest concentration of N (3.62 %), P (0.77 %), K+ (2.68 %), Ca++ (0.60 %), Mg (0.44 %) and Na+ (2.49 %) was found in the shoot of rice crop gro...

Baharullah Khattak1*, Saifullah2, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharraf Ahmad2, Asad Ali2, Mohammad Junaid2, Ijaz Ahmad Khan3, Taj Ali Khan1 and Mubbashir Hussain1 

...imers was used for this purpose, which resulted in 113 bands on gel for the 15 isolates of T. harzianum. The analysis of the bi-variate data, using Unweighted Paired Groups Method Averages, divided the indigenous isolates of Trichoderma, into four well-defined clusters. These results clearly revealed that there were considerable genetic differences among the Trichoderma isolates. While, there was no correlation, found between RAPD clusters and aggressive group...

Saleem Ashraf1*, Ashiq Hussain Sangi1Zakaria Yousaf Hassan3 and Muhammad Luqman2

...unjab Pakistan For this purpose, data collected from government reports for the period of 1990-2017 was criticaly examined. Empirical results indicated that area under cultivation showed negative compound growth rate while production and average yield showed positive compound growth in Pakistan. While, in Punjab, compound growth rate of area under cotton cultivation and production showed negative while average yield showed positive growth. Forecasting of cotto...

Ghufran ul Haq1*, Muhammad Arif2, Asad Ali2 and Mian Inayatullah3 

...htunkhwa (KP). For this purpose, surveys were conducted in the hilly areas of Mohmand Agency and Malakand Agency and plains of Shabqadar, Charsadda and Peshawar during 2011, 2012 and 2013, to determine the incidence of TYLCV and the population of its vector. Triple antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) was successful in detecting TYLCV in naturally and whiteflies inoculated tomato plants. Transmission properties of the virus were dete...

Rehman-Ud-din* and Naeem-Ur-Rehman Khattak 

...shawar valley. For this purpose, three districts, i.e. Peshawar, Charsadda and Nowshera in the said valley, were randomly selected followed by a selection of three villages in each district under simple random selection. In this way, a sample size of 175 farmers was randomly selected from nine villages on a proportional basis. The study reveals that a large number of both types of farmers are neither completely mechanised nor completely non-mechanised. Majorit...
Ye Gong, Nehafta Bibi and Haitao Wang*
...ied as successful nest usurpation: in six cases nests of other birds were usurped by Mandarin duck and in three cases nests of Mandarin duck were usurped by other birds. The remaining mixed clutches may be incomplete usurpation. For the nests taken over by Mandarin ducks, all heterospecific eggs were rejected and four clutches were incubated successfully...
Gulnaz Malik1, Abdul Qadir1 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,*
... thiamethoxam. For this purpose, toxicities of insecticides were tested at three different temperatures 20°C, 25°C and 30°C, on whole wheat grains which was artificially infested with S. oryzae under laboratory conditions. The toxicities of spinosad, emamectin benzoate, lufenuron and thiamethoxam increased 2.65, 1.59, 1.64 and 3.00 folds (positive temperature coefficient), respectively, with increasing temperature. The positive temper...
Riffat Mehboob1*, Shahida Perveen2, Naseer Ahmed3
...
Objective: Purpose of the study was to analyze the spectrum of BBD in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore to understand the prevalence of inflammatory lesions, benign neoplasms and their age-wise comparison.
Methodology: The study was carried out at Pathology Department, King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Data of 368 cases of BBD during a time span of 3 years (2011-2014) was obtained retrospectively. 
Res...

Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Muhammad Rizwan2*, Muhammad Akram1, Jaffar Hussain1 and Fiaz Ahmad1 

...ion of traits. For this purpose, fifty eight exotic and indigenous diverse mungbean genotypes were evaluated for seed yield and other related traits. The genetic analysis of mungbean germplasm revealed high genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficients of variability for biological yield (GCV% = 31.70, PCV% = 33.58), harvest index (GCV% = 27.80, PCV% = 30.16) and seed yield (GCV% = 25.28, PCV% = 27.54). While heritability estimates were high for all the tr...

Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Veraldo Liesenberg2 and Syed Shehzad Hassan1  

... the crop calendar. The purpose of this research was to delineate the vulnerable zones for YSB attacks on rice crop using satellite thermal datasets. The area under investigation was 13700 km2 area out of which 8627 km2 was covered by rice plantations. Thermal datasets covered the area of 8627 km2 comprising 10663 pixels which returned 10663 spatially distributed temperature values. Six, thermal datasets were obtained for the duration between (April 03-June 22...
Muhammad Younus1*, Sabah Usman2 and Samia Jawed3
...through non-probability purposive sampling. Informed written consent was taken from all subjects. The demographic information of these subjects such as name, age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio were recorded. Spirometry of all the subjects was performed on Spirolab iii. Correlation between FVC, FEV1, FEV1/ FVC ratio and body mass index, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio was measured by Pearson coeffi...
Mumtaz Akhtar, Iffat Naheed, Khadija Waheed* and Amna Khanum
...15. Non-probability and purposive sampling techniques were used. A total of 220patients undergoing normal vaginal delivery at term after administration of per rectal misoprostol were enrolled with 95% confidence interval (C.I). The error margin was 5% and the prevalence of postpartum haemorrhage was 16.5%. Data was entered and analyzed through SPSS 17. In this study, the mean age of study participants was found to be 29.89±5.89 years while the mean gest...

Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla

...all ruminants. For this purpose, RNA was extracted from suspected animal samples (n=18) and were screened by real time-PCR. Additionally, to assess the phylogenomics, the N gene was amplified and sequenced from sheep and goats (n=12). Nucleotide identity among Hail strains was identified to be 96.2-100%, while identity with previously sequenced Saudi Arabian strains and with reference PPRV retrieved from GenBank was found to be 94.1-98% and 81.2-100%, respecti...

Muhammad Khalid1,2 and Muhammad Naeem2* 

... and carbohydrates. The purpose of this study was to affirm the proximate composition and nutritious status of Ctenopharyngodon idella. Standardized methods were used to determine the proximate composition of 72 samples. On wet weight basis, mean percentage for water was 80.76 %, ash 3.40 %, 4.31 % for fat and 11.53 % for protein in C. idella. Percent water contents showed inverse relationship with % protein (dry and wet body weight), % ash and % organic conte...

Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Irfan Chani1 and Muhammad Afzal2 

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of formal Agricultural Credit on Agricultural Output (AGGDP). The relationship among agricultural output and agricultural formal credit, cropped area, labor force participating in the agriculture sector, trade openness has been quantified through various econometric approaches in the study. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound testing approach has been applied to analyze the long run...

Mohammed Al Mahish* 

...e reduction in producer surplus as a result of wage and income increase is larger than the reduction in consumer surplus.  

...
Iqra Arooj1,* and Shahida Hasnain2
...ferent populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of 6q25.1/rs6922269 and 9p21.3/rs1333049 loci with risk of CHD in a population of Punjab province of Pakistan. A total of 645 subjects were included in this study of which 435 were patients visiting hospitals of Lahore and Gujranwala districts. All the subjects were genotyped by allele-specific PCR. It was observed that the loci 6q25.1/rs6922269 and 9p21.3/rs1333049 were significant...
Naeem Ahmad1,* and Zulqurnain2*
...cision for farmers. The purpose of the present study was to compare the growth performance of two GIFT strains (GIFT-Th, imported from Thailand; GIFT-Tw, obtained from a local hatchery) in two earthen ponds, fed with commercially available feed. Similar feeding regime and physical conditions were maintained for both treatments. It was found that there was no significant difference in final total length (TL) and standard length (SL) of the fish in both treatmen...

Iqbal Javed1*, Amar Razzaq2, Mudassar Yasin3, Muhammad Ali Imran4, Haroon Javaid5, Iftikhar Nabi6, Anum Sardar1 and Shahbaz Ahmad

...kistani mutton. For the purpose of a research conducted on mutton exports from Pakistan the secondary data were used. The major sources of the data used in the study were international trade center, Economics survey of Pakistan, statistical yearbook of Pakistan and Agricultural Price Institution, Islamabad, Pakistan. Nominal protection coefficient (NPC), revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) were estimated for...

Nusrat Habib1*, Asim Zubair2 and Aisha Siddiqua3 

...ected districts through purposive sampling for 100 farms in different locations of selected districts. The objective of the study was to estimate determinants of sunflower area and yield in the study area. To determine the role of different factors that were affecting the area and yield of sunflower in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, multiple regression analysis was applied. The model pointed out that the area under sunflower have opposite relation with the seed cost, lan...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Bushra Hassan2, Nadeem Anwar2, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel3 and Shafique-ur-Rehman

...l Sargodha was selected purposively. Of the 62 rural union councils, four were selected purposively and from each selected union council two villages were selected purposively. Hence, from each village 15 respondents were selected randomly which makes a sample of 120 respondents. During the study, demographic factors such as age, Education, family structure, and professions of the responde...

Amar Razzaq1, Abdur Rehman4*, Abdul Hassan Qureshi2, Iqbal Javed3, Raheel Saqib5 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal6 

... 120 farmers located in Nurpur Thal, Bhalwal, Sargodha and Lodhran districts of Punjab province. These areas were purposively selected based on relatively higher concentration of HEI infrastructures installed on the farms. Sprinkler irrigation system was mainly installed on wheat crop while the drip irrigation systems were installed on mango orchards. Therefore, one half of the sample consisted of modern and conventional far...
Saima Shahzad Mirza1,*, Hafiz Muhammad Qamer2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3,*, Rana Shoaib Akram4
...PD pediatrics. For this purpose, cross sectional survey data of 34 conservative mothers was analyzed, obtained by means of questionnaire. Initiation of weaning process at proper time is found to be somewhat finance limited factor. Total 17 and 1 out of 34 cases were sufficiently and well literate, respectively and aware about weaning process. In our study 47, 39 and 14 % mothers belonging to lower middle, middle and higher middle class background, respectively...

Fan Shuli1*, Ameer Hussain Jarwar1,3, Xiaoyan Wang2, Long Wang1 and Qifeng Ma

...l requirements for this purpose in 2028–30 is estimated at approximately 5.30 million/tons from which domestic share could be only 1.99 million/tons. Generally, the genetically modified cotton (Bacillus thuringiensis) was acquaint in Pakistan during the first decade of this century to moderate harmful effects of lepidopterous insects; which were causing major loss to the cotton production ultimately to the economy of the country. Currently the genetic mo...
Shagufta Naz*, Saima Sharif, Hafsa Badar, Syeda Fareeha Tauheed
...hthalmologist. The main purpose of such type of research was directed to find the prevalence of Macular corneal dystrophy in the families of Lahore. The techniques used for the diagnosis of MCD were visual Acuity test by Snellen chart, phoropter, slit lamp biomicroscopy, topography, keratometer and pachymetry. In this study, 50 patients of MCD were identified among which 40 were males and 10 were females, including 9 cases with family history. Main complaint w...
Muhammad Babar Khawar1, Muddasir Hassan Abbasi2*, Zillay Mariam1, Nadeem Sheikh1,2*
... if used for irrigation purpose represents a major health risk not only to humans but also to local flora and fauna. The purpose of current research work was to analyze the toxicity of leachate in Wistar rats. Wistar rats of about 250g were selected and divided into three groups namely Control, Group 1 and Group 2. Group 1 was given 4ml/kg leachate while Group 2 received 4ml/kg of 1:10 diluted leachate intra-peritoneally. Af...
Muhammad Mohsin1, Dai Guilin1,*, Chen Zhuo1, Yin Hengbin1 and Muhammad Noman2
...s) were employed. Three surplus production models (SPMs) viz., Fox Model (FM), Schaefer Model (SM) and Pella-Tomlinson Model (PTM) were used in CEDA along with three error assumptions (EAs) viz., normal error assumption (NEA), log-normal error assumption (LNEA) and gamma error assumption (GEA). On the other hand, in ASPIC two SPMs viz., Fox Model (FM) and Logistic Model (LM) were employed. MSY estimates for Carangoides fishery by using CED...

Zubina Hameed1, Muhammad Azim Malik1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Farina Shaheen1, Ijaz Ahmad2 and Khisrao Kalim3 

...uo;s weeds and for this purpose, a field study was carried out from October, 2010 to April, 2011 at University Research Farm Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan to evaluate the relative efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides viz. Clean wave 15 EO (Aminopyralid + fluroxypyre) @ 0.8 L ha-1, Aim 40 DF (Carfentrazone ethyl) @ 0.05 Kg ha-1, Buctril-super 60 EC (Bromoxynil + MCPA) @ 0.750 L ha-1, Atlantis 3.6 WG (Mesosulfuron...
Amjad Islam Aqib1,*, Shagufta Nighat2, Rais Ahmed3, Saba Sana3, Muhammad Ameen Jamal4, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar2 , Naimat Ullah Khan5, Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Muhammad Asif Hussain5, Asadullah5, Attaur Rahman5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman5,*
...d of Pakistan. For this purpose, a total of 384 goat milk samples were screened for SCM through surf field mastitis test (SFMT) and mastitis-positives cases were further investigated for isolation of S. aureus using standard procedures. Coagulase gene was PCR amplified from the clinical isolates to categorize them into Coagulase positive Staphylococci (CPS) and coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS). A questionnaire was used to record risk...

 Tahir Abbas*1, Khawaja Raees Ahmad2, Asmatullah3, Khalid Pervaiz Lone4, Muhammad Ali Kanwal2, Sadia Suleman2

Reno-hepatic protective effects of Jambul against chromium induced anomalies in mice
...red for ethno-medicinal purpose.

...

 Shagufta Andleeb*

Teratogenic potential of pyrethroids: a review
...se hold and agriculture purposes and are extracted from the flowers of pyrethrums (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and C. coccineum) in late 1900s. An extensive data on multiple aspects of genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproductive toxicology and neurotoxicology is available except teratogenicity. This review concludes the teratogenic potential of sublethal doses of different types of pyrethroids in various groups of animals in systematic way. On...

Khush Bukhat Zahid1*, Ghaffar Ali2, Samina Sabir1 and Mohammad Fayaz2 

...81-2009. For estimation purposes, the production function technique is used to evaluate the relationship between climate and yield variability. The results show that higher amount of rainfall has a negative and significant impact on the production of all crops including wheat, rice and maize. It may be because unexpected rainfall in Pakistan during monsoon season severely damages crops. This result is consistent with our expectation that high level of rainfall...
Muhammad Muddassir Ali1,2 and İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci1,*
...re used for therapeutic purposes all over the world. Many endemic plants all over the world have magical therapeutic potential. These could be explored further for medicinal purposes and hence can be preserved for their proper propagation. Thermposis turcica is endemic to Turkey. It’s general anti-oxidant and anti-cancerous activities are explored, but no study has been observed on liver cancerous cell line in t...

Umair Talib1, Ijaz Ashraf2, Robert Agunga1 and Saleem Ashraf3* 

...these farmers. The main purpose for this study was to examine environmental degradation/climate change associated problems faced/ perceived by resource-poor farmers and ways adopted to mitigate them. The specific objectives of study were to determine farm damages of resource-poor farmers under environmental degradation; explore mitigation strategies available for resource-poor farmers; and examine the implications for extension educations in Pakistan. The surv...

Nighat Seema1*, Muhammad Hamayun1, Husan Ara1 and Raham Sheer Khan

...mendation for agronomic purpose. 

...

Muhamad Jawad*, Shahid Riaz Malik, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar, Muhammad Asadullah, Israr Hussain and Rabia Khalid 

...profitability. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity among 36 lentil genotypes for mechanized harvesting. Analysis of variance for qualitative and quantitative traits showed significant variability among the genotypes. Correlation analysis indicates negative correlation of yield with lowest pod height and highly significant correlation between lowest pod height and plant height. Cluster analysis performed for qualitati...
Jair Millán-Orozco1,*, Jersson Millán-Orozco2 and Luz María Tejada-Ugarte3
...an grass (Pennisetum purpurem) pasture maintained at a sward surface height of 30 cm. Observations were conducted during daylight hours (06:00-18:00) from May to April of the next year for three consecutive days every month of the following year. The highest (P<0.05) grazing activity was observed during September (38.9±11.4 min/h), while in May (27.1±14.3 min/h) was the month with least activity (P<0.05). Within days, t...
Shamesa Maryam1, Ajaz Ahmad Sandhu1, Imran Bodlah2*, Muhammad Asif Aziz2, Ayesha Aihetasham3

 

... March (2016). For this purpose aphids were collected from twenty two host plants at six different localities of Gujranwala area of Punjab province, Pakistan. Total 12 species namely; Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nerii, Rhopalosiphum padi, Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus persicae, Pentalonia nigronervosa, Sitobion avenae, Greenidea (Trichosiphumpsidii...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2 
...39%). Contrarily, Short Purple cultivar showed maximum larval population (0.43) followed by Round White Brinjal (0.39) while the minimum larval population was observed on Round Brinjal 86602 (0.27) and was found comparatively resistant against the pest. The correlation between fruit infestation and larval population and different environmental factors was also studied. Average relative humidity was found positive and significantly correlated with fruit infesta...

Aisha Siddiqua1*, Munir Ahmad1 and Nusrat Habib2 

...13’ used for this purpose. Crop-specific strategies of change in the time of sowing, use of inorganic fertilizer, change in irrigation, and varietal change. Change in irrigation practice gave rise to the highest yield suggesting that this might be the necessary requirement to sustain wheat growth in Pakistan in future. Farmers are expected to receive significant positive benefits from the adaptation of the combination of strategies. Farmer’s adapti...

Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan 

...lambat and Lalqila were purposively selected The total rice growers number in this district was37557, Balambat 6121 and Lalqila 5167which make total in both tehsils 11228. Through Yamani Formula 100 sample size was fixed and distribute the sample according to proportionate formula between two tehsil, Balambat 54 and Lalqila 46. Similarly, semi structured questionnaire was used for data collection while descriptive statistics and Cob Douglass Production Functio...

Farhan, Shahid Ali* and Syed Attaullah Shah 

...hwa, Pakistan. For this purpose, 160 wheat growers were selected through multi-stage stratified random sampling technique. Primary data was collected through well designed interview schedule. Normalized restricted trans log profit function was first approximated for further estimation of output supply and input demand elasticities. Results indicated that response of output supply to the price of wheat and land was positive and elastic. Output supply in respons...

Naseer Ahmed Abbasi1, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1*, Bilawal Abbasi2, Shakeel Ahmed Soomro1, Najeeb Ahmed Khan Nangraj1, Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahto1 and Sajjad Ahmed Morio1 

... lands for agricultural purposes; it could be more helpful for farmers of the research area. Fuzzy AHP methods could be beneficial for future studies for land suitability. The study finding have capabilities of different methods combined with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the potential time and cost saving methods can assess the suitability of land. Finding shows that the fuzzy set method is different from parametric method. The influence of expli...
Muhammad Usman Ahmadand Ikram-ul-Haq*
...i>E. coli. For this purpose, 88 E.coli isolates from 30 intact poultry intestines were cultured and identified preliminary on the basis of microscopy and biochemical testing. E. coli strain EC4 was screened as best oxyrase producer with activity of 0.41±0.008U/mL/min with 41% reduction in dissolved oxygen at pH 7.5, temperature 37°C, 25mM lactate as H+ donor after 20 min. This strain was later on confirmed by 16S ribotyp...
Abdul Wahaab1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Syed Saleem Ahmad1, Umair Iqbal2, Abdul Tawaab1 and Iahtasham Khan3
...HCT and MCHC). For this purpose, 40 infected animals were selected. After dividing them randomly in four groups of 10 animals each, drug was administered to first three groups whereas last one was kept under positive control for comparison. Study revealed that Triclabendazole was most effective drug of all three in both cattle and buffaloes with efficacy of 97.92% and 100%, respectively; Oxyclozanide was 2nd most effective with efficacy of 96.87% an...
Sakhra Mahmood1, M. Younus1, A. Aslam1, A.A. Anjum2, S. Umar3, Aamerzish Mushtaq3 and M.L. Sohail4,*
...1 added diets. For this purpose 180 quails, divided in 3 groups were reared and fed with 3 different experimental diets having 0.5 mg/kg of AFB1 contamination and varying levels of SC (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg of feed). Another 120 birds were divided into two groups, one group was fed with basal diet (control group) and other was fed with AFB1 diet without any detoxifying agent. Growth parameters (body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio), hematology...
Hande Küçükönder1, Pınar Çelebi Demirarslan1,*, Aykut Burgut2 and Mustafa Boğa3
...In accordance with this purpose, the hybrid approach has two main objectives: i) Determination of the effective period for which the output factors [(chicken survival rate (%), egg yield (%)] are optimized at the same time and the appropriate value ranges for the input factors [temperature (oC), humidity (%) and feed per hen (g)] that provide effectiveness ii) Determination of targeted improvement values for the ineffective months to become effectiv...
Doğukan Ölmez1 and Gonca Alak2,*
...conomic value. For this purpose, hydrolysates were prepared by enzymatic methods at different time periods using different trout byproducts. In this study, two different groups (viscera and muscles) of trout processing wastes were hydrolyzed by enzymatic method based on specific time periods (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min) for this purpose. Protein profiles, molecular size and distribution changes of the obtained hydrolysat...
Marian Kuczaj1, Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*, Alicja Mizera1, Renata Pilarczyk2, Bogumiła Pilarczyk3 and Patryk Barton1
... 1 month.
...

Tanweer Ahmed*, Kashif Saeed Khan and Mohammad Naeem 

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of government spending on agricultural growth in Pakistan. The relationship among agriculture value added per worker and public spending on education, health, road length, the number of tube wells in the agriculture sector, improved seed distribution has been estimated through various econometric approaches in the study. Pakistan’s agriculture growth has registered mixed trends from 1...
Kamran Zakaria1*, Noreen Munawar1 and Shafqat Ejaz2
...d agriculture. For such purpose, Precipitation regions were recognized in river Indus basin in Pakistan by examining the rainfall frequencies with the help of global wavelet power spectra. Records from 52 rain gauges were studied and the outcomes of the whole power spectra exhibited a low annual frequency all over the basin; whereas additional frequencies are present with major significance that indicate changes in the rainfall system. While, the calculated gl...

Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2

... industrial growth. The purpose of the study was to analyze technical efficiency of Bt and Non-Bt cotton farmers in two core cotton districts Muzaffargarh and Rahim Yar Khan of Punjab, Pakistan. In this study, the stochastic frontier approach was employed for empirical analysis and multiple stages random sampling technique used for data collection of 400 Bt and Non-Bt cotton farmers for the year of 2012-13. The results of the study have indicated Bt cotton far...

Aqsa Khan1, Sabyan Faris Honey2*, Babar Bajwa2, Nelofer Jamil1 and Muhammad Sohail Mazhar2

... for different research purposes, three artificial diets with different compositions were evaluated for codling moth larvae. Two diets containing wheat germ in their composition as major protein source and one diet without wheat germ were used. Addition of wheat germ in the diet composition for larvae resulted in significantly high percent survival (maximum value) (60± 4.56 and 56± 2.56) and significantly increased larval body weight of codling m...
Ai Yuan
...갛) and performing non-purposive action (wuwei 無 為), even when dealing with situations beyond human control (ming 츱). This understanding of living a good life is dramatically different from the purposeful pursuit of well-being through action. Instead, to live a good life, the Zhuangzi requires one to uphold a form of courage (yong 澹) which requires one to willingly accept what is beyond h...

Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Sidra Mushtaq1, Muhammad Tariq Malik2, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Shoaib Fareed3, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar

... a large deciduous multipurpose timber tree. In Indian-subcontinent, the tree is cultivated in forest plantation as well as avenues, road sides and canal banks. Because of greater strength, elasticity and durability, the wood is highly valued as constructional and general utility timber. This review article shows the work conducted on sheesham decline syndrome especially die back and wilt in Indian sub-continent. A diversity of plant pathogenic fungi has been ...

Khadim Hussain Wagan1*, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano1 and Abdul Ghani Lanjar2 

...this pathogen. For such purpose colony forming units (cfu) per gram of soil and seed were determined and capability of previously characterized M. phaseolina isolates to cause the disease was tested on HO-1 variety. Additionally, most virulent isolate was characterized through sequence and phylogenetic analysis. There was significant variation (Df= 54, F=7.4, P=0.0000) among cfu per gram of M. phaseolina in soil samples collected during field survey at differe...

Saeed Ullah1, Muhammad Israr1*, Shakeel Ahmad2, Nafees Ahmad3 and Asif Yaseen

...nces towards LD in four purposively selected union councils i.e. Toru, Ghari Kapoora, Lund Khwar, Katlang-1 of district Mardan. A total of 90 farmers were selected through proportionate simple random sampling from 857 register farmers. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire from the heads of the farming households (HH) and analysed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. It was found that majority (62%) of the farmers were in the a...
Ahmed Ali Samejo* and Riffat Sultana*
...was carried out for the purpose of investigating the role of immatures in destruction of plants in Thar Desert, Sindh. Hatchlings of solitarious S.gregaria were light green at the time of emergence, but turned over to black with yellow strips after two hours of hatching, when they were placed in crowded condition. However, they remained green, when they were in solitary condition. Solitarious hoppers were passed through five nymphal stages during develo...

Javed Asghar Tariq1*, Bashir Ahmed2, Manzoor Ali Abro2, Muhammad Ismail1, Muhammad Usman Asif1 and Raza Muhammad1 

...rom rice crop. For this purpose, soil was collected from rice growing areas of Tando Jam. The isolation from rhizospheric soil was done by dilution plate technique. Among isolated isolates, 6 representative colonies were purified, multiplied and characterized using light microscopy and other biochemical tests. The bacteria were tentatively identified as Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Bacillus and Micrococus. These bacteria were checked for their antagonistic activ...

Anum Khursheed1, Malik Muhammad Shafi2 and Haidar Ali2* 

...ion council Kahori were purposively selected. The study indicated that the majority of the sampled respondents were female. To compare the size of livestock holding paired t-test was used. Productivity of livestock kept by sampled respondents has increased significantly. About (100%) of the sampled respondents stated that there is increase in livestock productivity after the interventions of AJKRSP. Results also show that AJKRSP has brought positive change tha...

Tariq Shah1*, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad3 

... selected for interview purpose. Descriptive statistical techniques along with independent sample t-test and dummy variable regression were used for analysis. It is observed during the study that livestock extension department and private livestock doctors are the key sources where farmers get advice regarding livestock production. Majority of the respondents are quite satisfied regarding the effectiveness of these advices. Results further indicate that farmer...

Muhammad Nasrullah1*, Liu Chang1, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai2, Asaad Osman Khalid1, Rachel Bayisenge1 and Gulnaz Hameed3 

...ai was selected through purposive sampling among the three Tehsil of district Mardan. A sample of 120 growers was selected and interviewed randomly through a prepared well- structure questioner. Different practices were grouped into five parts. Land rent of the respondent area was 61,750 rupees per hectare; nursery raising cost was estimated at 11,828 rupees per hectare. The bed preparation cost for tobacco is 12,300 rupees per hectare while planting cost was ...

Muhammad Usman Ghani1*, Muti Ur Rehaman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Zubair Shabbir2, Li Bo3 and Naveed Anwar4 

...ts most of animals. The purpose of current study was to establish and familiarize a precise and rapid detection approaches with molecular diagnostic tool. The method relies on periodically thermo cycling heating and cooling of DNA in presence of certain chemical reagents. In order to detect and differentiate parapox infections from those induced by pox virus. A new parapox specific and sensitive PCR assay based on amplification of B2L gene was applied against ...

Iftikhar Ud Din* and Qamruz Zaman 

...for accurate estimation purposes. In MLM, apart from the general factors of sample size estimation, the test size, the effect size, SE (standard error) of the effect size and power of the test, additional factors like, magnitude of the ICC (Intra Class Correlation), total number of clusters, the number of parameters to be estimated, and the information whether the design is balance or unbalance play a significant role and discussed in the present study. <...
Farah Bilal*, Abdulmohsen Alhejaily, Shahida Husnain
... including lung cancer. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of common nucleotide changes (E545K/E542K and H1047R/H1047L) occur in PIK3CA gene in non smoker patients of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Somatic mutational analysis was done by QMC-PCR following direct sequencing with sangers’ method. Only one sample detected p.E545K mutation at c.1633G>A. Another most common mutation was observed in PIK3CA exon 20 which ...

Zafar Abbas1*, Muhammad Mubashir1, Umair Riaz1, Zeenat Javid1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Saeed ur Rehman1, Muhammad Javid Qamar1, Syed Ali Zulqadar1 and Shahzada Munawar Mehdi2 

...was conducted. For this purpose, organic form of fertilizers like kitchen waste, poultry manure and compost were used while the inorganic sources were NPK fertilizer. This experiment was laid out in the field area of soil and water testing laboratory for research, Bahawalpur in growing seasons from July to October of 2017. Treatments were arranged in Two factorial Completely Randomized Design CRBD fashion with three replications and six treatments. Treatments ...

Ayub Khan* and Ghaffar Ali 

...ts’ WTP. For this purpose, a contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to elicit households WTP. A sample of 109 households was randomly selected from 14 randomly selected villages two from each tehsil. The study results revealed that most of the respondents perceived the problem of soil erosion and their willingness to pay for the suggested forestation based soil conservation practices were on average Rs.4666 per year. Regression analysis revealed that...
Khalid P. Loneand Irfana Liaqat*
... 18-29 months. For this purpose, nearly 500 fish were kept in ponds and sampled every month for the histology of the testis. After taking data regarding other somatic traits, the testes were fixed in buffered formalin and processed for routine histology and light microscopy. The annual maturity stages can easily be divided into five gross stages namely, immature and developing, maturing and developed, ripe and running, post spawning and spent-regressed. The te...
Muhammad Tariq Adnan Khan*, Tariq Mukhtar and Muhammad Saeed
.../i>. Round Black, Short Purple, Brinjal PPL, Global Brinjal PPL and Namyal Ratchburi behaved as susceptible. All the cultivars behaved differently regarding formation of galls, egg masses, number of eggs per egg mass and reproductive factor. Maximum galls, egg masses, eggs per egg mass and reproductive factors were observed on Round Black followed by Global Brinjal PPL and the minimum were recorded on cultivar Brinjal Jamak. Similarly, significant effects of <...

Muhammad Noman, Yong Tong Mu*, Muhammad Mohsin, Aamir Mahmood Memon and Muhammad Talib Kalhoro

...chistan coastline.Three surplus production models (SPMs) viz. Fox (F-M), Schaefer (S-M) and Pella-Tomlinson (PT-M) along with three error assumptions (EAs), log (L-EA), log normal (LN-EA) and gamma (G-EA), were used in CEDA while two SPMs, Fox (F-M) and logistic (L-M) were used in ASPIC. In CEDA, for initial proportion (IP) 0.9, F-M for L-EA and LN-EA estimated maximum sustainable yield (MSY) as 2593 t and 2282 t. However, G-EA produced minimization fai...
Kun Wang1,2, Yinglin Cui2, Xu Zhao2 and Changjiang Hu1*
...sm of action of XN, the purpose of this project was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of XN on ICH model rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms of this therapy. In this study, experimental ICH was induced by the administration of stereotaxic collagenase type VII into the caudate nucleus. XN (at a high dose and a low dose of 3.60g·kg-1 and 1.80g·kg-1, respectively) was administered via enema. The detection of n...
Adel E.M. Mahmoud1, AdamCieślak2, Paulina Szulc2, Anna Łukomska3 and Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel2,*
...tibility.
...

Naveed Afsar* and Muhammad Idrees 

... 400 farmers of the two purposively sampled districts as these two were the highly vulnerable areas from climate change. The major source of climate change information of the majority of farmers was electronic media and the overall regression analysis of the climate change perceptions reveal that climate change is happening and long-term mean temperatures have been increased with a significant decrease in the long-term mean rainfall over the past decades. The ...
Uzma Rafi*, Asmat, Muqaddes Niaz, Syeda Shazia Bokhari and Aisha Waheed Qurashi*
...h cockroaches. For this purpose, cockroaches were captured from house sewerage and two bacterial strains CXA1 (Planomicrobium chinense) and IM2 (Alkaligenes faecalis) were isolated from external surface and rectum portion of cockroach, respectively. Bacterial autoaggregation started increasing after 1 h of culture incubation and reached maximum after 4 h. Isolate CXA1 showed maximum (136 %) auto aggregation as compared to isolate IM2 (37 %) after...
Shad Mahfuz1,2, Shuyuan Wang1, Mo Chen1, Fei Zao1, Dong Zhen1
Zhongjun Liu4 and Hui Song1,3*
...ultry industry with the purpose of increasing production performance has led to human health hazards. A driving force for the interest of using natural herbs is to eliminate the use of low-dose antibiotics in poultry production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Flammulina velutipes stem waste (FVW) inclusion in laying hens diet on production performance, egg quality and serum metabolic profile during the early phase o...
Faheem Aslam1*, Aneel Salman1 and Inayatullah Jan2
...rediction accuracy. The purpose of this study is to develop a precise wheat production model using artificial neural networks (ANN). A total of 71 years’ wheat production data from 1948 to 2018 is divided into training data and test data. The model is trained by using 53 years’ data and forecasts the future wheat production for the remaining 14 years. There are 16 indicators used as input variables for wheat production and top ten most important va...
Rakhshanda Kousar1, Tahira Sadaf1*, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum2, Muhammad Amjed Iqbal1 and Raza Ullah1
...vantage Index. For this purpose, time series data has been collected for the period 2001-2018 from Food and Agricultural Organization Statistics, International Trade Centre map, and World Banks’ World Integrated Trade Solutions, Trade Development Authorities of Pakistan, and Pakistan’s Economic Surveys. It was found that Pakistan comparative advantage in production of all three fruits as values of the Revealed Comparative Advantage were greater tha...
Beenish Zahid*1,2,7, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Amir Zohaib2, Asim Aslam3, Raheela Akhter3, Haleema Sadia4, Qurat ul Ain5, Razia Sultana6, Irfan Irshad3 and Sobia Alyas7
...NDV) in ducks. For this purpose, a total of 100 samples of cloacal and 100 oropharyngeal swabs of ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos domesticus) were collected from different villages of four tahsils of Sheikhupura during period (May to July 2017). NDV was isolated from field samples by inoculating the suspected samples into embryonated eggs of 9-11 days. Isolated virus was confirmed through haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition test. Viru...

Mazhar Habib1, Aamir Saleem1, Arshad Mahmood Malik2*, Sarfraz Ahmed3 and Sameera Arshad4 

...the species for grazing purposes. It is suggested that two month clipping stage should be applied on Blue panic grass to get sustained grass vigor and optimum herbage yield. 

...
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Palwasha Jabeen, Chand Raza, Shaukat Ali
...ider silk for different purposes is due to its small obtainable amount. Efforts are being made to overcome this problem by modern biotechnological techniques including of making transgenic organisms.
...
Hafiza Sadaf Zahra1, Asia Iqbal2, Sayyeda Hira Hassan1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Muhammad Khan1*, Muhammad Irfan3, Chaman Ara1, Shaukat Ali4
...ation of oncogenes. The purpose of this review is to discuss the evidence based relationship between ALAN and oncogenes expression through epigenetic remodeling by DNA methylation and histone acetylation.
...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Zainab Riaz1, Memoona1, Asma Chaudhary2, Shagufta Andleeb2
...ous different items. So purpose of study was to determine the possible hepatic and nephrotoxic effects of Butyl paraben in mice and to explore the possible curative and protective impacts of turmeric. Fifty mice randomly divided in five groups, i.e. Control, dose group (BP), dose and antidote group (BP+AD), vehicle control group (VC) and antidote group (AD). A sub lethal concentration containing 15ug/g B.W of BP was given with and without turmeric orally, diss...
 

Aftab Shaukat1,2,*, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Rizwan Shukat4, Shahid Ali Rajput5, 

Shadab Shaukat6, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem2,5,8, Mubashar Hassan2,5, Tabassam Fatima2,5
Fayyaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Usman Saleem7, Fatima Arooj1, Ashar Mehfooz2 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi2
...ening daily for teasing purpose to identify does in estrus, while separate them for breeding with enlisted buck. Mean values of Fertility rate and kidding rate in T1 and T2 were 75% vs 85% and 150% vs 176 % (p<0.01) showing significantly higher rate is in T2 group. The birth weight and weaning weight of the kids in T1 and T2 group were 1.56±0.02 kg vs 1.87±0.04 kg and 9.0±0.21 kg vs...

Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali2 and Muhammad Zulfiqar

...South is already a heat surplus zone). These trends are crucial in terms of disasters with likelihood of spring / monsoon floods and winter drought. 

...

Sanaullah1, Fazli Rabbi2*, Shahid Ali2, Zeeshan Khan3 and Muhammad Zamin4 

...e generated as consumer surplus. The poisson regression estimates show that visitors’ frequency to the site is significantly affected by traveling cost, gender, and visitors’ perception of the quality of the site. The policy should legislate to introduce payment system for visiting the tourist site to generate funds for its development. Moreover, development programs shall be initiated to attract tourists vis-à-vis realize the objectives of ...

Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz*, Khalil Ahmed, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Faisal Nawaz and Muhammad Sarfraz 

...dietary crops. For this purpose, a series of field experiments were conducted during 2013 to 2015 with objective to optimizing the different levels of nitrogen and the cost-benefit sowing methods for turnip production under moderately salt-affected soils. The experimental design was split-plot with sowing methods (bed and ridge) in the main plot and nitrogen doses (40, 60, 80 and 100 kg ha-1) as sub plot. Treatments were replicated three times with sub plot si...

Basharat Hussain Shah*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Shams ul Islam, Naveed Ahmed, Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan and Qamar uz Zaman. 

...ce rice lines. For this purpose, fourteen elite rice lines namely Line-21, Line-25, Line-28, Line-31, Line-37, Line-46, Line-48, Line-50, Line-64, Line-73, Line-80, Line-128, Line-130 and Line-140 developed in the background of Basmati-385 by Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan were evaluated along with check variety Swat-1 for yield and yield components. Experiment was conducted at National Tea and High Value Crops Research Institute (...
Ibrahim Tapki1*, Huseyin Bahadir Ozalpaydin2, Nuran Tapki3, Mehmet Aslan4 and Muhammet Hanifi Selvi1
... as a milk additive for purposes of reducing weaning age; increasing economic efficiency; promoting calf growth as well as for improving blood parameters and general health status of Holstein Friesian calves. Twenty-eight Holstein Friesian calves were allocated into three groups: (a) Control calves were fed with whole milk (n=10), (b) OreganoLow (n=9), and (c) OreganoHigh (n=9) calves were fed with whole milk, plus 100 and 150 mg/l oregano essential oil per kg...

Shahzad Khan1*, Inayatullah Jan1 and Syed Fahad Shah2 

...tunkhwa, Pakistan, were purposely selected for the study. A total of 30 respondents were interviewed with the help of a pre-tested questionnaire. The findings of the study reveal that skillful and experienced tenants were given preference by the landlord. But due to non-availability of extension department and its trainings, illiterate and untrained tenants are involved in agricultural practices. The physical inputs and investment efforts lead to long term dur...

Kalpana Polisetty1* and Kiran Kumar Paidipati2 

...s range tests. The core purpose of these three techniques is to capture the mutation point in time series data connected to wheat production during the period 1980-2016. Consequently, Sen’s slope estimator has been used to measure the magnitude of the trend for wheat production and their significances examined through Mann Kendall (M-K) test. The analysis provided a clear idea about the trends of wheat production over India. The results exhibit that all ...

Asif Yaseen1, Muhammad Israr2*, Allah Bux Khan1, Ahsan Javed3, Nafees Ahmad4 and Zia Ullah

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this research is twofold. First, analyzing smallholder famers’ selection of high value marketing channels to boost self-sufficiency in the Pakistani Citrus industry, and second, to identify the issues of greater importance pertaining to famers’ selection of high value market channels in the Pakistani citrus industry. The study employed survey technique to collect data from 300 citrus farmers in Punjab, and multino...
Saara Ahmad1,*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Saida Haider3, Zehra Batool4, Laraib Liaquat3, Fatima Ahmed5, Asra Khan1, Tahira Perveen3, Mirza Jawad ul Hasnain6, Saima Khaliq7 and Saad Bilal Ahmed8
...en feed previously, the purpose of this study was to observe the effects of chicken meat consumption on liver cells of rats. One hundred and twenty female Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and separately for standard chow rat, commercial chicken feed, commercial chicken meat and organic chicken meat over a six-week period. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were estimated before and af...

Saba1, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Waqar Khalid2* and Saifullah Khan

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this empirical study was to identify the participation of women in livestock management practices and to explore factors determining their engagement in district Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A multi-stage sampling approach was adopted to choose a random sample of 110 women farmers from the union council of village Shewa, and a well-structured questionnaire was designed to accumulate the primary dataset from rural wome...

Mahfooz Khan* and Himayatullah Khan 

...rgy sources for cooking purpose. Results of the study showed that income of farm households, education level of household head and cooking cost had significant effect on the use of electricity, firewood and natural gas as against animal dung cakes for cooking purpose which was the base category. The study concluded that the use natural gas for cooking was less expensive as compared to other alternative energy sources such as...
Jun Yan Bai*, Hong Deng Fan, You Bing Yang, Xu Wang, Heng Cao, Xue Yan Fu and Yu Qin Wang
...ion site.
...
Jun Yan Bai*, Xiao Hong Wu, Shuai Yang, You Zhi Pang, Heng Cao, Hong Deng Fan, Xue Yan Fu, Kun Peng Shi and Xiao Ning Lu
...ectively.
...
Veli Sel1, Isa Yilmaz2,* and Mete Yanar3
...alos in Igdir. For this purpose, a total of 637 milk samples gathered from 91 animals raised in 54 farms were analyzed and statistically evaluated. The age and education level of the farmers and the effect of the milker on the SCC were found to be significant (P <0.001). SCC value (65.930 ± 2.484 cells/ml) was found to be the lowest when the milker is the person from the household. The udder cleaning before milking was a significant factor (P <0.0...
Tasbihullah1, Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*, Tariq Ali3 , Umer Saddique1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Shafiq4, Sultan Ayaz2, Hamayun Khan1, Ijaz Ahmad1 Asadullah2, Raheela Taj5, Hafiz Nidaullah6 and Alamgir Khan7
...th table eggs. For this purpose, a total of 200 table eggs and 50 stool samples from human were analyzed. Results showed that out of 80 E. coli isolates recovered from eggs, 20 (25%) were found to be ESBL-producers, while, of the 17 human-isolates, 4 (23.5%) were ESBL producers. PCR revealed that blaCTXM (blaCTXM-1=15 and blaCTXM-9=4) was carried by all 22 (91.6%) ESBL-producers with additional bl...
Saeed Murtaza1, Abdul Sattar1*, Nasim Ahmad1, Muhammad Ijaz2Maqsood Akhtar3 and Muhammad Shahzad4
...er to October. For this purpose, 25 animals were randomly divided into three groups: group-1 (Control; n=8), group-2 (Low dose 10IU; n=8) and group-3 (High dose 30IU; n=9) while one animal excluded at milk sampling from group-3 due to unavoidable circumstances. Oxytocin was administered to each buffalo twice daily @10IU and 30IU into group-2 and group-3 respectively, whereas, saline into group-1 within one week of post calving for 48 days. Ultrasonography was ...
Mustafa Boğa1, Kerim Kürşat Çevik2* and Aykut Burgut3
...s in average). For this purpose, the milk yields of 156 Holstein Friesian cattle were investigated according to different age, lactation, calving and insemination associated parameters. Optimum values in literature were organized by an expert in establishing classification data. The expert determined the classes of the outputs data (average milk) through the input data (calving age, milking days, number of lactation and insemination). Applying deep neural netw...
Bo Gao1,2, Fengmei Yang3, Wei Chen2, Xiaojia Song4, Xiaobo Liu5 and Dongmin Li1*
...s New Roman";">The purpose of this study is to detect the relative expression level of Multi-drug resistance gene (MDR1) in common tumor malignancies, and evaluate the prognostic value of MDR1 expression in common malignancies. mRNA relative expression levels of MDR1 were detected byreal-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in tumor, adjacent, and non-cancerous tissues. The tumor markers were detected with COBAS 6000. The prognostic value...

Amjad Usman1*, Arshad Khan1, Ruidar Ali Shah2 and Toheed Iqbal3 

...t S. dorsalis. For this purpose, five commercially cultivated tomato genotypes (Riogrande, Riogrande H, Bombino, Roma VF and Roma) were evaluated against thrips (S. dorsalis) at A.R.I. Tarnab, Peshawar, Pakistan during spring 2017 in randomized complete block design with three replications. Trichome study was also carried out to know the type of trichomes responsible for resistance. Results revealed that genotypes differed significantly in response to S. dorsa...

Bahadar Sher Khattak1, Muhammad Kaleem1, Waqas2*, Humaira Naz1 and Muhammad Yasir

...dda. These two UCs were purposively selected to collect 150 samples for the study. A well-structured interview schedule was developed to collect data which was pre-tested before starting the actual process of data collection. The total sample size of the study area was 150, randomly selected for interviews. After the data analysis, it was found that the majority of the respondents (83.3%) who were small farmers acquired and utilized micro-credit in establishin...

Muhammad Zeeshan Nazar*, Ayyan Umer, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar, Faiz Ullah Faiz and Sikandar Hussain 

...de range for commercial purpose. Silkworm is susceptible to various pathogenic diseases. Among the all bacterial diseases of B. mori, flacherie is injurious disease that is initiated by entomo-pathogenic bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis var. sotto (Bts). The impact of this infectious disease is weight loss, reduction in cocoon quality as well as quantity and source of infestation for healthy larva. In current study, the 3rd instar larva of B. mori were fed on ...

Humayun Saleem1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Zia-Ur-Rehman1 and Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique

...hat target apricot. The purpose of the current study was to record the prevalence of shot hole disease on Islamabad’s Federal Capital Territory markets. The frequency and severity of shot hole disease was estimated from market random samples, and later the index was measured. The results showed that in all markets with varying degrees of disease incidence, frequency and disease index the prevalence of shot hole disease was 100 per cent. It was concluded ...
Mohammad Ejaz1, Salma Javed2, Muhammad Hamza1, Sadia Tabassum2, Muhammad Abubakar3, Irfan Ullah4*
...icancer drugs. The main purpose of this review is to organize the effective compound of the fungal endophytes for cancer treatments. 
...
Samia Afzal*,Sadia Zahid, Iram Amin, Muhammad Shahid and Muhammad Idrees
...to PCR for confirmatory purposes. Two different sets of primers were used for the identification of the viral genome. Thirty samples were found PCR positive and a subset of ten samples was direct sequenced. Sequence analysis showed 94% similarity to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia which is considered to be the second most prevalent bacterial species in mosquitoe’s midgut. This observation may lead  towards the confusion that the outbreak is eith...
Muhammad Shuaib Khan1, Shakeeb Ullah1, Nisha. A.R2, Muhammad Umar3, Muhammad Inamullah Malik1*, Syed Muhammad Kamal Shah1, A. Zaman1, Shakir Ullah1, Imdad Ullah1, Sumera Ali Khan4
...s were selected for the purpose of this study as the representative samples of the area by personal interviewing of respondents and observations regarding different pack animals i.e. camel, bull, horses/ mules and donkey. Score from female respondents by different pack animals i.e. camel, bull, horses/ mules and donkey receive were 33.67±2.55, 29±1.00, 29.52±2.52 and 58.67±2.082 respectively (% means ± Standard ...
Salahud Din1,*, Saima Masood1, Hafsa Zaneb1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saima Ashraf1, Imad Khan3, Muqader Shah4 and Syed Abdul Hadi1
...gh osteometry. For this purpose, after performing postmortem examination, the carcass of adult Chinkara of known sex and age was buried in the locality of the Manglot Wildlife Park and Ungulate Breeding Centre, Nizampur, Pakistan, after a specific period of time the bones were unearthed. Gross morpohological features and various osteometric parameters of the skull were studied in the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciencies, Lahore, Pakistan. The shape of...

Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehman2*, Iftikhar Nabi3, Amar Razzaq4, Raheel Saqib5, Allah Bakhsh6, Muhammad Mohibullah7 and Muhammad Luqman

...from Pakistan. For this purpose, panel data of eleven markets are collected from 2003 to 2016. Independent macroeconomics variables used in the study are exchange rate of Pakistan, exchange rates of trading partner, inflation in Pakistan, inflation in trading partner and dummy variables joint border and religion by application of Park’s Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS). Result of this study showed that exchange rate of Pakistan has negative and s...

Asmaa Abdallah Darwish 

...al conditions. For this purpose, 200 barki ewes were divided into control group, inflammatory diseases groups (pneumonic group, arthritic group, enteric group), late pregnant groups (normal late pregnant group, pregnancy toxemia group), postpartum groups (normal postpartum group, endometric group, mastitic group and non-inflammatory postpartum disorders group). Blood samples were collected from all ewes and vitamins concentrations were estimated in all groups....

Muhammad Medrar Hussain*, Asad Jan* and Sayyar Khan Kazi 

...rought stress. For this purpose, OsTZF8 gene was over-expressed in Oryza sativa subspecies indica variety Swat-1. Through Agrobacterium mediated transformation, OsTZF8 gene (pBIG-Ubi-OsTZF8) was successfully transferred to rice calli. From these rice calli transgenic plants were regenerated and established in greenhouse. For the evaluation of OsTZF8 gene role in drought stress tolerance, two weeks old rice seedling were subjected to drought stress. OsTZF8-OX t...

Filza Fatima Rizvi1*, Waqar khan2, Syed Mohsin Raza Kazmi3 and Muhammad Umer

...r simulation and design purpose which gives a more appropriate, simple and effective representation of results and User-friendly software for linear modeling. The simulation showed 99 % accurate results as the actual readings, e.g. the actual flow rate calculated at the field was 274 GPM while the designed value was 276.76 GPM. The designed total dynamic head was 110.34 feet, while the actual in the field was 108 feet. Through linear modeling, we can get our d...

Iram Fatima1*, Imran Pasha1, Ambreen Saddozai2, Shahid Nadeem3, Amer Mumtaz4 and Saqib Jabbar4 

...e selected for the purpose of sample collection. Mean prevalence of E. coli 61.7% was indicated by Spread plate method. Prevalence of Total plate count checked and pathogenic count was calculated in CFU/g and CFU/ml, mean CFU for E. coli and TPC was (3.39×104 to 3.15×105). Total 47.9% samples of spices were found adulterated for eight different adulterants tested. Sugar samples were f...

Nasrullah1*, Ahmad Nawaz Khoso1, Jamila Soomro2, Ilahi Bakhash Marghazani1, Masood-ul-Haq Kakar1, Abdul Hameed Baloch1, Sarfaraz Ahmed Brohi1 and Muhammad Asif Arain1* 

...m, and Millet. For this purpose, a total of 90 animals (n=45 sheep) and (n=45 goats) were randomly assigned into six groups (n=15) each under 2x3 factorial arrangement. All groups of both species were fed maize, millet and sorghum randomly. Results indicated that goat spent more time to eat than sheep while sheep rumination time were noted significantly (P<0.05) higher in sheep compare to the goat. Meanwhile, drinking time was noted higher in sheep than goa...

Muhammad Raheel Faiz1, Ijaz Ashraf1, Haq Nawaz2, Muhammad Zubair3*, Muhammad Sajid Mahmood4, Sajid Hussain5 and Abdul Qadeer2 

... storage facilities for surplus vegetables, fluctuation in market price of vegetables and transportation problems. This indicated that the government should launch small credit schemes and should provide better marketing facilities to the farmers to ensure the sustainable production of vegetables in this area. 

...

Paul Oludare Adetunji* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola 

...e used for reproductive purposes. The CL, CH and IPD may be used to predict onset of puberty and some semen quality characteristics in the tested varieties of Noiler cocks. 

...

 Abdus Salam* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...dy, 3 zones from 5 were purposively selected on the basis of their different agricultural condition. Selection of sample size was made using Yamane formula. The number of respondents as per formula was confined to 188 respondents in district Mansehra, 153 respondents in district Swabi and 59 respondents from district Karak, where data were collected randomly. Five point Likert scale was used to record responses of the respondents. The results of the study clea...

Riaz Muhammad1*, Naseer Ahmeda, Abdul Basit2, Rizwan Alim Mufti2 

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, HARDNESS AND LOAD-INDENTATION DEPTH RESPONSE OF TI-64 USING VICKERS INDENTATION TECHNIQUE
...niques.
For this purpose Vickers-indentation technique is employed to report the hardness followed by fracture toughness
evaluation of the studied alloy using indentation energy model. The indentation method resulted a fracture toughness
of the studied alloy with 14.5% when compared to the results obtained from strain dependent ductile damage model. 

...

Mujahid Khan1*, Mohammad Tufail2, Muhammad Fahad1, Hazi Muhammad Azmathullah3, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam1, Fayaz Ahmad Khan4, Asif Khan5 

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR PATTERN
...e pier models. For this purpose a number of experiments
were conducted in the physical modeling laboratory of River Engineering and drainage control, USM, Malaysia.
The study shows that the pier scour depth and affected area around pier increase with the increase in pier size.
The study further demonstrates that the square pier models results in greater scour depth and area as compared to
circular pier models. Magnitudes of scour de...

Daulat Khan1*, Khizar Azam2, Noor Muhammad Khan1, Muhammad Israr1, Naeem Ejaz3 

ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER FOR DISPOSAL IN ACCORDANCE WITH NEQS CRITERIA AND ITS REUSE FOR IRRIGATION WITH DILUTION
... be used for irrigation purpose if it fulfills FAO irrigation water criteria. For this
purpose, important properties like SAR, Sodium ratio, Salt Index, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Permeability Index,
Magnesium Adsorption Ratio, Sulfate ion and Boron were analyzed having result of 9.36 √(meq/L), 5.64, 75 ppm,
4.66 meq/L, 110.46, 0.42, 6.07 meq/L, 1.386 mg/L mean concentrations respectively, violatin...

Naseem Ahmad1, Sahar Noor1, Rehman Akhtar1*, Misbah Ullah1, Khizar Azam2 

PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF COMPRESSOR TO RECOVER FLARE GAS USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT TECHNIQUES
...s. 

...

Rafiullah Khan1, Waseem ur Rahman1, Misbah Ullah2, Kamran Afaq3, Muhammad Amjad1, Sakhi jan1 

AGE EFFECT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIP JOINT BONE: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
...xperimentally. For this purpose
hip joint bone specimens of male bovine of different age groups were tested for fracture toughness, young modulus
and tensile strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the collagen’s fibers. Compact tension specimen
was used for the fracture toughness, while for young modulus and tensile strength, rectangular flat specimens were
used. The test procedures were similar to ASTM (Ame...

Aqeel Nawaz1, Muhammad Ali Kamran1 

PARAMETRIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF CONVEX STAR PORT PROPELLANT GRAIN FOR SOLID ROCKET MOTOR
...off)and neutrality. The purpose of the study is to expand the design domain by evaluating entire
convex Star family under both neutral and least sliver content conditions.The computer program associated to it
is essentially the ballistic design analysis of the convex star grain configuration.Results showed that neutrality and
sliver fraction are dependent oncertain parameters. It has been observed that for good neutrality, higher angular

Tehmina Amjad1, Ishfaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Akram Shaikh2, Nabila Naz1 

VARIATION IN CITATION BASED FRACTIONAL COUNTING OF AUTHORSHIP
...rld data for validation purpose and have used fractional h- and g-index as our baseline
indexing methods. We compared the results of our proposed method with baseline methods and have analyzed that
our intuition has clear impact on the authors indexing. Author on higher index in fractional index gets impacted by
Vf -index and its rank changes accordingly. Baseline methods do not considers variation factor and it is possible
that aut...

Nazish Huma Khan1, Mohammad Nafees1, Adila Bashir1, Farooq Ahmad1 

STUDY OF POLLUTION LAOD IN PAPER MILL EFFLUENTS AND ITS RECYCLING BY SUNDRY PLANTS AT HAYATABAD INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, PESHAWAR
...plants. For this
purpose a detail study was conducted at paper mills and sundry plants at Hayatabad Industrial Estate. The plants
were examined for operation and sampled for waste water. Total 7 waste water samples were collected from selected
points of Paper mills, Industrial drain and Sundry plants. Samples were analyzed for various physicochemical characteristics (colour, pH, EC, Alkalinity, Turbidity, TDS, TSS, COD and BOD5) by adoptin...

Muhammad Naveed Anjum1, Abdur Rehman1*, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan1, Raheel Saqib2, Mohammad Fayaz3 and Iqbal Javed4

Impact of Microfinance on Socioeconomic Status of Farmers in District Dera Ismail Khan
...ign: justify;">The main purpose of this study is to assess the impact of microfinance on the socioeconomic status such as, family income, family health status, children educational status, living standard, food/diet pattern, crop production and transportation and finally the constraints faced by the borrowers to get the loans from microfinance institutions. The primary data were collected from the 300 borrowers of microfinance institutions especially from Khus...

 Muhammad Nafees*, Asim Nawab*, Wisal Shah**

STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT DESIGNED FOR INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS
..., if required. For this purpose, samples
were taken from the effluent, before and after it went through the treatment plant. It was found that the treatment
was not sufficient to remove various physical and chemical parameters including Suspended solids (SS), Biological
Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Sulfide (S) in order to comply with Pakistan National
Environmental Quality Standards (Pak-...

Muhammad Usman Shafi*, Syed Muhammad Ali**, Syed Akhtar Ali Shah***, Kamran Ahmed****

DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE OF HEAVY TRUCK LOAD DATA IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
...han 0.5”. General purpose strain gages were installed on front and back side
of each plate in full wheat stone bridge form and were connected to Data acquisition system (DAQ) to record deflection.
Lab calibration was carried out to determine the value of strain for each load applied through Universal
testing machine (UTM). Load verses strain graph was developed for each load cell which was used to interpret the
...

Nisar Mohammad٭, Mohammad Mansoor Khan٭, Noor Mohammad٭

EXTRACTION OF HIGH QUALITY TALC FROM TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES BY FLOTATION AND LEACHING
... of talc for industrial purpose and if in access, limits its applications. In present research work, beneficiation studies of carbonatic talcose rock of Mingora emerald mine located in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan were conducted to recover high quality talc out of the talc carbonate rock and to develop a technique for up gradation of indigenous noncommercial talc resources from other locations. These rocks host emerald crystals and the debr...

M A Khalid*, A R Ghumman**, H. N. Hashmi**, E. Tanveer*

INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT OF LOWER BARI DOAB CANAL
...ls can be used for this purpose. SETRIC model has been used in this paper. The sediment deposition and erosion in time and space along the canal has been simulated. The relevant data were obtained from Punjab Irrigation and Power Department Lahore. It is observed that sediment deposition and erosion is a significant problem being faced by the canals in Punjab.
...

Muhammad Naeem*, Sohail Asghar**

A REVIEW OF FEATURE SELECTION TECHNIQUES IN STRUCTURE LEARNING
...f networks for the purpose of automatic distillation of knowledge from masses of data with target concepts. However, there are various circumstances where we are confronted to fix a set of most influencing variables in modelling of class variable. This arises in provision of confidence measures on set of variables used in the structure learning of data. In this study, we have tweaked empirical as well as theoretical aspects of various ...

 Amjad Ali*, Amir Nawaz Khan*, Atta-ur-Rahman*, Muhammad Saeed*

ANALYSIS OF SITE, SITUATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON RESETTLEMENT OF PROPOSED NEW BALAKOT TOWN, PAKISTAN: AN EX POST EVALUATION OF 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE
...sp;town for residential purposes. However, the politicians, businessmen and landlords of the community are fear to suffer. As a result, these groups resist the process of resettlement. This uncertainty about the resettlement is the product of human interaction with the site and situation of new Balakot town in post 2005 Kashmir earthquake scenario. The site is feasible while situation is not encouraging in the new Balakot town, which creates unc...
Sitara Nawaz1, Shamaila Irum1, Haroon Ahmed2, Shazia Shamas1, Sadia Roshan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi4, Irfan Ullah5*, Gulnaz Parveen3*
...n our country. The main purpose of the study was to identify the prevalence of sandflies in selected regions of Panjab and their relationship with hospital-reported cases of Leishmaniasis. Clinical information of 124 patients was recorded. Observable factors of prevalence include age group, gender, financial status, clinical symptoms, and travel history. The sandflies also collected and identified. Out of 350 sandflies two genera Phlebotomus and Serg...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1

An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...loitation of resources. Purpose of the study was to assess the awareness of the farmers to determine the impact of integrated farming system (IFS) on agricultural development and improving the livelihoods in the study area. To accomplish these objectives, an interview schedule was developed as a research instrument to record the opinions of the respondents by using Likert-type scale. The 200 respondents were selected through systematic random sampling techniqu...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1

An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...loitation of resources. Purpose of the study was to assess the awareness of the farmers to determine the impact of integrated farming system (IFS) on agricultural development and improving the livelihoods in the study area. To accomplish these objectives, an interview schedule was developed as a research instrument to record the opinions of the respondents by using Likert-type scale. The 200 respondents were selected through systematic random sampling techniqu...

Shahida Nasreen Zakir*, Samina Siddiqui*, Nasreen Ghaffar* and Zia Ul Haq**

WATER QUALITY INDEX OF SHALLOW AND DEEP GROUNDWATER DURING WET AND DRY SEASON OF PESHAWARBASIN
...irrigation and drinking purpose. A total of 95 groundwater samples at 1.5 to 30 m depths were collected in triplicate during wet and dry seasons. All samples were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, SO4 2-, HCO3 -1, CO3 -2,Cl-1, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ , Fe+3 and K+ The result of this study showed that according to water quality index (WQI) of WHO all groundwater samples were categorized as good water and considered suitable for drinking apart from a few exceptio...
Amjad Hussain1, Ata Ur Rehman2, Zia Ur Rehman Tahir3, Aftab Ahmad1, Fahad Noor3, Qasar Wasique Ahmad1
INVESTIGATION OF EMPLOYEES’ PERCEPTION ABOUT LEAN IMPLEMENTATION
... been selected for this purpose where data has been collected through a questionnaire (α=0.85) from four textile organizations (N=339; white collars and blue collars employees working at the shop floor); level and maturity of lean implementation in each organization was done before conducting the study. It has been concluded that white collar work group perceptions about Kaizen implementation are more positive than blue collar employees. Moreover, employ...

 Saman Shahid1, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Abdullah Ahmad1, Sarfraz Munir2

RE-DESIGNING AND OPERATIONAL ANALYSES OF THE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT CONTROL IN IRRIGATION CANAL NETWORK
...gn: justify;"> The purpose of this research was to improve the existing design of the irrigation canals in Punjab. The design of an entire canal network is a tiresome and laborious work, where engineers spend months to design canals. Over the years, engineers and agriculturists in the Punjab have been trying to find a solution to the sediment transport problem which occurs in existing irrigation system. To address these problems, the canals can be analyze...

Arshad Habib Malik*, Aftab Ahmed Memon** and Muhammad Rafiq Khan***

DYNAMIC MODELING AND CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
...d for controller design purpose. An advanced discrete controller is synthesized for state space model of PHWR using fast output sampling methodology. Noise sensitivity is a typical problem with this type of controller. In this research work, a small deviation is allowed in order to reduce the noise sensitivity. The problems of noise sensitivity and poor output error dynamics are addressed and a multi-objective optimization problem is solved...

 Muhammad Waseem*, Irshad Ahmad**, Muhammad Asif Khan**

DETERMINISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS AND SELECTION OF TIME HISTORIES FOR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS FOR A SITE IN SWABI
...ingle NGA equation. The purpose of this study is to utilize all NGA equations to define seismic hazard in terms of peak horizontal acceleration using Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA) for a site near Tarbela Dam, Pakistan. The PGAs from all NGAs are weighted to get mean PGA for design. The site of interest, where previously recorded PGA was 0.16g for Kashmir 2005 earthquake-150 Km away from the epicenter, is surrounded by 8 fault...
Kadir Karakuş1, Turgut Aygün2, Şenol Çelik3, Mohammad Masood Tariq4*, Muhammad Ali4, Majed Rafeeq4 and Farhat Abbas Bukhari4
...g live weight of lambs. Purpose of MARS algorithm having very high predictive precision in the prediction of LW from body features may put onward a new view point for 39 lambs breeders.
...

Olga Mikhailovna Blinnikova1*, Vadim Anatolyevich Babushkin1, Lyudmila Gennadievna Eliseeva2 and Galina Severyanovna Usova3

Modeling a Formulation and Assessment of the Consumer Properties of the Special Purpose Starch Drink
... preventive and medical purposes, capable to fill the shortage of collagen and to stimulate the human body to produce its own protein. Drinking kissel is a perspective product type for enrichment the CCR (Central Chernosem Region’s) fruit and berry’s by collagen and natural physiologically active agents. At the same time the new types of drinking kissel useful to health, in assortment are which confirms the feasibility of updating the range due to ...

Syeda Farzana Bibi* and Siraj-ud-Din

Fluorescence Analysis, Extractive Values and Cytotoxic Screening of Crataeva adansonii DC Leaf and Bark through Brine Shrimp Larvae Assay
... was conducted for this purpose. Extractive values of leaf and bark parts were estimated using n-hexane, chloroform, ethanol, methanol, water, and ether as a solvent. 10g of plant powder was dissolved in 200 ml solvent during various extract preparations Fluorescence study was conducted after treating the powder drug with different reagents including ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, n-hexane, HCl, nitric acid, carrageenan, glacial acetic aci...
Mahak Fatima1, Memoona Syed1, Rabia Zeeshan2, Farah Rauf Shakoori3, Naveed Shahzad4, Moazzam Ali1 and Zeeshan Mutahir1*
... named MCF7-R. For this purpose, we transfected MCF7-R cells with MTH1 specific validated siRNA. Successful transfection of siRNA and consequent cytotoxicity in MCF7-R cells was confirmed by qRT-PCR, western blotting and cell viability assay. As a result of siRNA transfection, MTH1 protein was knockdown to approximately 77% in the transfected sample and resulted in a 1.75-fold increase in sensitivity of MCF7-R cells to gemcitabine. Moreover, higher expr...

Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Jehandar Shah2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1

Taxonomic and Medicinal Study of Papilionaceae of District Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...d studied for medicinal purposes.

...
Safia Arbab1, Rehana Buriro1, Shams Uddin Bhugio1, Atta Hussain Shah2,  Jamila Soomro3,Qudratullah Kalwar4, Saqib Ali Fazilani1 and Waseem Ali Vistro5*
...nds of donkey. For this purpose, two different concentrations 30 µl and 60 µl crude as well as ethanol extract of Aloe Vera were used. During this experiment, total 50 wound samples were collected from donkey wounds. All 50 samples were found contaminated with different bacterial organism, among all those 45, 35, 33, and 25 were recorded positive for S. aureus, E. coli, Shigella and Salmonella spp respectively. However, out of 50 samp...

Shahzad Malik* and Ayesha Khan

Gap Analysis of Farmers’ Capacity Building by Public and Private Agriculture Extension Sectors in Central Plain Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...Charsadda were selected purposively. In order to carry out the research, in the three districts of Peshawar, Mardan and Charsadda one tehsil was selected from each district i.e. Town-4 from Peshawar, Takhtbhai from Mardan and tehsil Charsadda from district Charsadda. Sample size for the present study was 270 respondents i.e. 90 respondents from each tehsil. Data were collected from respondents by using well-structured interview schedule. The data were analyzed...

Muhammad Yaseen1*, Syed Amir Zia Abid1, Muhammad Luqman1, Syed Wasim Hasan2, Muhammad Aqeel Pitafi3, Muhammad Tariq Chaudhry4 and Muhammad Ameen5

Training Needs Assessment of Training Professionals Working in Agricultural Training Institutes in Punjab, Pakistan
...Is) of Punjab. For this purpose, data were collected from all training professionals of four ATI in Punjab with the help of structured questionnaire. Different questions related to demographic attributes, training needs and constraints faced by professionals affecting their performances. Collected data were analyzed with the help for SPSS, results revealed that majority of the were included training professionals did not get any training at national/ internati...
Arif Alam1*, Faridullah2, Ikram Shah1, Shahzad Khan3, Noor Elahi1 and Ehsan Inamullah1
Estimation of Farm Level Technical Efficiency in Maize Production at the High Mountain North Region of Pakistan
...s of Pakistan. For this purpose, initially two villages one from District Nagar and other from District Hunza were selected with an aggregate sample of 112 maize crop growers. Both primary and secondary data were collected from different sources. To measure technical efficiency, the stochastic frontier production function along with technical efficiency model was employed. Data was analyzed through statistical software Frontier 4.1, because of its appropriaten...

Inam Ullah1, Mahfooz Khan2*, Munir Khan2, Himayatullah Khan2 and Azra3

Factors Affecting Different Wheat Varieties Yield in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis
...rict Peshawar. For this purpose, the effect of various inputs was separately analyzed using multiple regression model. The empirical results show that for Pirsabaaq-5 wheat variety, the effect of (weedicides) was insignificant. While for Pirsabaaq-8 wheat variety irrigation was found insignificant and for Pirsabaaq-13, wheat variety the effect of seed was insignificant. It was observed that majority of the farmers were illiterate and do not apply the recommend...

Paul Oludare Adetunji* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola

Comparative Productive Performance among three Plumage Varieties of Noiler Hens
...mproved indigenous dual-purpose breed of chicken developed in Nigeria to meet national demands for food supply. The objective of this study is to compare the productive performance among three prominent plumage varieties of Noiler hens. For this purpose, a total of 90 pullets with three plumage colours (brown, black and barred) were divided into 3 replicates with 10 birds per replicate in each of the variety. Data were colle...

Rabab Rafaqat1, Habib Ahmed Rathore1, Tariq Masud2, Imran Hayat1* and Imtiaz Hussain1

Determination of Different Chemical Constituents of Fruit, Leaves and Oil of Olea cuspidata (Wild Olive) Grown at Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
... (wild olive). For this purpose, the moisture content, crude fibre, crude protein, total oil, ash content and nitrogen free extract of fruit and leaves were studied. Extracts of wild olive fruit and leaves were made in four different solvents (ethanol, methanol, acetone and water). Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of fruit and leaves extracts in these solvents were determined. Oil was extracted from wild olive fruit by the process...

Shahzad Khan*, Munir Khan, Inayatullah Jan, Mahfooz Khan and Fida Muhammad Khan

Determinants of Sugarcane Yield in District Charsadda, Pakistan
...raz Kalay were selected purposively. Primary data were collected with face to face interview method from 41 randomly selected sugarcane growers through structured questionnaire. The selection of farmers was based on proportional allocation technique in the selected villages. For data analysis, profit margin, gross margin and Cobb-Douglas production function were applied. The study found that the per acre profit of sugarcane was 289.82 US$. Labour and fertilize...
Ateeq Ahmad1, Umar Hayat2, Shahid Ali2*, Hazrat Bilal3, Naveed Ali2, Khan Mir Khan4 and Khalid Khan4
Descriptive Analysis of Water Resources in Pakistan: A Perspective of Climate Change
... on earth. Pakistan was surplus in water resources in the past is moving towards deficiency. Although water crisis is fundamentally a global issue, however its implications will be more severe in developing countries. Nevertheless, the climate change impacts will have greater risk for developing countries like Pakistan. Pakistan with a high and fast growing population lacks enough economic resources to satisfy the basic needs of masses. Furthermore, the future...

Nadeem Abbas Shah1*, Ejaz Ashraf1, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Zaheer ud Din Mirani3, Usman Rafique1 and Raees Abbas Shah4

Assessing Perceptions of the Households-heads Regarding Food Security Status in Drought-hit Areas of District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan: A Case Study for Agricultural Extension
...and malnourishment. The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions of the respondents for ongoing food security status in the district of Tharparkar, Sindh-Pakistan and to highlight the role of extension service delivery organizations in the area. District Tharparkar is the most vulnerable area in the country for food insecurity. Tharparkar has four tehsils such as Mithi, Diplo, Chachro and Nangerparkar. Out of four tehsils, one tehsil Mithi was selec...
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Xu Shiwei2, Yu Wen2, Ejaz Ashraf1, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Ameen3 and Sadia Hassan4
Farmers Behavior to Participate in Public Sector Agricultural Extension Services: Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and China
...or department. For this purpose, a random sample of 160 households from four districts of Punjab province of Pakistan was selected, and another random sample of 122 households selected from the six villages of Huailai County of Hebei Province in China. Data were collected using the interview method with the help of validated and expert reviewed interview schedule. The results revealed that the household head’s average age is 47 years in Pakistan and 53 y...
Rabea Ejaz1*, Saima Qadeer2,Muhammad Sajjad Ansari3, Bushra Allah Rakha4Shazia Shamas5, Iram Maqsood1, Asma Ul Husna6, Asima Azam1 and Shamim Akhter6
...emen extender. For this purpose, semen was collected from 3 adult buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) of same age by artificial vagina keeping temperature at 42°C for a period of 5 weeks (replicates; n=30). Ejaculates were mixed in tris citric acid extender having 0.0 (control), 20.0, 25.0 and 30.0 ng/mL of arachidic acid at a temperature of 37°C (>1 mL volume, >0.5 billion per mL conc., >60% motility) and cryopreserved using standar...

Asif Ali Abro1* and Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar2

Impact of Various Factors on Crop Diversification Towards High Value Crops in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis by using THI
...ty (MAF) for irrigation purposes, which demonstrated a positive and significant association with crop diversification. To determine the effects of climate, rainfall was adopted in the model and showed a negative and significant relationship with crop diversification. It was found that development of infrastructure received a low priority in rural areas and it is recommended that cold storage in relevant areas, vibrant roads net work and consistency in power su...

Ashraf Ismail Afia1 and Ahmed Soliman Mohmed El-Nuby2*

Soybean Genotypes Response to Root-Gall Nematode
...ce sources for breeding purposes.

...
Ammara Gull-E-Fareen1, 3, Imran Bodlah1*, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Yasir Niaz2, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah2, Muhammad Asif4 and Nasir M. Khokhar5
...ts in Pothwar. For this purpose, seven ant species were selected, identified as Camponotus compressus (Fabricius, 1787), Formica fusca Linnaeus, 1758, Formica clara Forel, 1886, Lepisiota frauenfeldi (Mayr, 1855), Myrmica aimonissabaudiae Menozzi, 1939, Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius, 1793) and Tetraponera allaborans (Walker, 1859). A lot of surveys were conducted during 2015-17 for the collection of ants as...
Shakeel Ahmed* and Sarwat Jahan
...n of HPG axis. For this purpose, after NMS administration plasma testosterone (T) and growth hormone (GH) levels were determined in four normally fed and 48 hours fasted adult male rhesus monkeys.Fifty nmol (50 nmol)of NMS was injected through a cannula affixed in saphenous vein. Blood samples were collected individually 60 minutes before and 120 minutes after NMS administration at 15 minutes intervals. Plasma T and GH concentrations were determined by using s...
Kui Zhang1,2, Ping Geng1, Sher Khan Panhwar3, Khadim Hussain Memon4 and Zuozhi Chen1,2,*
...hery resources, such as purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the Arabian Sea.
...
Muhammad Ramzan, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mudssar Ali and Hasan Riaz
...his pest. For this purposes, the current study was conducted and this is first study on this pest in Pakistan.
...
Tafail Akbar Mughal1, Shaukat Ali1*, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1, Shumaila Mumtaz1, Samaira Mumtaz1, Ali Hassan1 and Syed Akif Raza Kazmi2
...nce in this regard. The purpose of the current research was to inspect the effects of an aqueous extract of Berberis lycium Royleroot bark on lipid profiles of Swiss albino mice in which diabetic phenotype was induced by alloxan. A single injection of Alloxan (150 mg/kg) was applied intravenously to induce diabetic phenotype. Alloxan induction raised the overall level of triglycerides, low density- lipids (LDLs), and cholesterol and reduced the level of...
Mehwish Saleem Khan
Evaluation of Changes in Zinc Levels in Patients Suffering from Cancer
... was observed. For this purpose, the blood of 50 cancer patients was taken from MAYO HOSPITAL Lahore. The patients are suffering from different type of cancers such as, breast cancer, lung cancer, uterus cancer, oral cavity cancer, esophageal cancer, urinary bladder cancer, blood cancer and brain tumor. In addition to serum zinc level of cancer patients many other parameters were also studied such as, age limit, weight of cancer patients, effect of smoking on ...
Arifa Khan1*, Arsalan Bashir1, Shazia Erum2, Jabar Zaman Khan Khatak1 and Aish Muhammad3
Effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine and Indole-3-acetic Acid on Growth and Root Development of Banana Explants in Micropropagation
...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of the experiment was to find out the impact of various combinations of growth regulators 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP cytokinins family) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA auxin family) on growth and root induction of banana explants micro-propagated in vitro. Explants were obtained from young suckers of 8818-william, Pisang and Brazilian varieties. The explants were cultured in vitro containing MS media and different BAP and IAA combin...

Muhammad Abdullah1, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai1, Jahangir Khan1*, Mohammad Fayaz1, Irfan Ullah1* and Sabeeh Ullah2

Analysis of Agricultural Land Price Determinants and Policy Implications for Controlling Residential and Commercial Encroachments: Facts from District Swabi (Pakistan)
...r Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a sample of 79 land parcels, having transaction record for the year 2015-2017, was selected from 10 randomly chosen villages. Data were collected on their prices and their physical, agricultural and location characteristics. Descriptive statistical tools were used to summarize data on agricultural land characteristics. A linear Hedonic Pricing Model (HPM) was used to estimate agricultural land prices based on physical, location...
Muhammad Mohsin1, Yin Hengbin2,* and Zhang Luyao3
... stock status. For this purpose, long data series, 2006-2016, comprised of catch and effort figures was statistically analyzed to know maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of this resource and its ongoing regime. In total, three surplus production models (SPMs) were used in this study, viz., Fox (FM), Schaefer (SM) and Pella-Tomlinson (PTM) with the help of two famous fishery statistical routines, viz., catch and ef...

Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1 and Nawab Khan3

Self-perceived Constraints of Extension Field Staff Affecting their Working Efficiency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...dern technology for the purpose to increase agricultural production. The efficiency of EFS is, therefore, reflected by the farmers’ adoption level of modern recommended technology. The current study was designed and conducted during February 2018 for the purpose to find out self-perceived main constraints, affecting the efficiency of EFS in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Five districts out of 26 were ran...
Abdul Hameed1*, Ihtsham ul Haq Padda2 and Abdul Salam3
Estimating Food Consumption Patterns in Pakistan by Using Ideal Demand System
...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this paper is to examine the behavior of national and regional food consumption and purchasing power to develop food security policies. This study estimates the demand for food in Pakistan through indirect expenditure and price utility functions, using integrated household economic survey 2015-16 data and the nonlinear quadratic almost ideal demand system. The paper finding shows that demand for most commodity items except fo...

Muhammad Luqman1*, Roshan Hussain1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehmood1, Ijaz Asghar2 and Usman Saleem1

Comparative Analysis of Dietary Intake Patterns of Rural and Urban Communities of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
... study was conducted in purposively selected three districts of Southern Punjab. Exactly sample size of 600 respondents (300 rural respondents and 300 urban respondents) was randomly selected through equal distribution technique and interviewed by using structured interview schedule. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and the following key results were obtained. Most of the respondents from the study were above the 30 years of age...

Muhammad Kashif Khan1*, Muhammad Wasim Jan Khan2, Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan3, Muhammad Ishaq Khan4, Muhammad Faheem Jan Khan5 and Abdul Salam Lodhi6

 

Impacts of Construction Risk Attributes on Organizational Performance of Registered Construction Companies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ods and techniques. The purpose of this study is to address the need of risk management practices in the construction industry of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. The research work carried out with the involvement of 150 Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) registered construction companies not only emphasizes on the crucial risk factors associated with construction projects but also insights into the impacts of the risk factors on the organizational performa...

Mehreen Ijaz

Effect of Weave Type on Tensile Strength of Cotton Fabrics
... for various functional purposes. Because it plays an important role in determining the performance behavior of finished fabric. Weaving is one of the commonly used technique and different types of weaves have different effects on mechanical and physical properties of fabrics. The study was experimental in nature. It was aimed at investigating the effect of weave type on tensile strength of cotton fabrics manufactured with various interlacing patterns. Fabrics...
Chaojie Yang1,2,3, Haishan Wang1,2,3, Le Ye1,2,3 and Zhi Chen1,2,3,*
... also sequenced for the purpose of classification. Mean genetic distances within Muraenesox bagio (Hamilton, 1822) and Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775) group were 1.77% and 0.41%, respectively. Group mean distance between Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1853) and other species ranged from 11.79% to 51.01%. Species were also confirmed at genetic level. According to present study, Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1853) migh...

Salim Raza1*, Khan Gul Jadoon2, Sajjad Hussain1, Zahid ur Rehman1, Saira Sherin1 and Noor Muhammad1

Mitigation Plan for Identified Problems Faced by the Marble Industry in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...ones used for verity of purposes including exterior and interior decoration of buildings. Leading countries in the production and export of marble including China, Italy, India, Spain, Brazil and US etc., have developed their marble sectors on scientific grounds by applying modern techniques. Pakistan also hosts huge reserves of different qualities of marble but this sector could not developed to the international standards due to a number of difficulties. As ...

Said Sajjad Ali Shah1*, Muhammad Ilyas Khan1, Aziz Ullah1, Hayat Ullah2 and Faisal Ahmad2

Coprological Examination of Small and Large Ruminants in Central Zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...r Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a total of 1700 fecal samples were received from central districts and processed for coprological examination. Out of 1700 samples, 947 samples (55.7%) were positive for intestinal parasites. Specie wise prevalence of GI parasites was recorded as 51.5% in cows, 58.3% in buffalo, 73.9 % in sheep and 68.5% in goats. Trichostrongylus (32.8%) was recorded as highly prevalent in cattle followed by amoeba (10.2%) and Fasciola (6.1%),...
Yasin Altay1, Saim Boztepe2, Ecevit Eyduran3, İsmail Keskin2Mohammad Masood Tariq4*, Farhat Abbas Bukhari4 and Irshad Ali4
..."font-size: small;">The purpose of this study was to capture some factors affecting wool fineness (WF) in Karacabey Merino. For this goal, CHAID (Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detector) tree-based algorithm implemented to construct a regression tree diagram was specified based on Bonferroni adjustment within the scope of the prediction of wool fineness as a response variable. Also, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) was implemented for the WF p...
Minghao Gong1*, Shiliang Pang2, Zhongyan Gao2, Wanyu Wen1, Ling Zhang3, Gang Liu1, Huixin Li1, Fawen Qian4 and Wenfeng Wang2
...ifts and suggested some purposeful, resolute and crucial improvements needed to protect appropriate areas that ensure the RCC’s long-term survival. Based on monitored data of nesting locations and climate variables gathered from 2014 to 2017 around Zhalong Reserve on the Songnen Plain in northeast China, we used four General Circulation Models in Maxent modeling to project changes, including suitability and fragmentation, in RCC breeding habitat up to th...
Ayesha Alam1,* and Labeeb Ali2
...ed water for irrigation purposes due to the shortage of fresh water resources. In this study viruses in untreated and treatedwastewater has been reviewed to evaluate the health threats to the people. It has been cited that viruses such as Rotavirus, Norwalk virus, adenovirus, and Hepatitis A virus, are common mediators of the diseases in human beings. Including respiratory disorders, bronchiolitis, digestive tract disorders, pneumonia and conjunctivitis. Addit...
Jun Yan Bai*, Zhi Hao Dong, Hui Rong Gong, Xiao Ning Lu and Zi Heng Li
..."font-size: small;">The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of estrogen receptor gene (ESR1) polymorphism on the carcass traits of laying quail. The polymorphism of ESR1 gene exon 4 in three laying quail populations was detected by PCR product sequencing, and the correlation between ESR1 gene and carcass traits of laying quail was analyzed. The results show that, Exon 4 of ESR1 gene among Beijing white quail, the pectora weight and pectoral mus...
Shikang Deng1,2, Yan Jin2, Jing Xu2, Xiufang Zhu2, Pinghai Hu2, Jiao Li2, Li Zhang2 and Jianzhong Tang2,*
..."font-size: small;">The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the expression of TGF-β1, cyclinD1, and CDK4 in fibroblasts of miniature pig bile duct scar model cultured in vitro. The bile duct scar fibroblasts were replicated by incision and anastomosis in miniature pigs and bile duct scar fibroblasts were obtained. After cell identification, the bile duct scar fibroblasts were given different concentrations of 5-...
Somia Shehzadi1, Sana Javaid Awan2, Maryam Javed1*, Asif Nadeem1 and Tahir Yaqub3
... grown enough. For this purpose proper medium and supplements are required, which contain suitable growth factors for viability of ATFs. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is used extensively in cell culture but being expensive and scarce in availability, its alternatives are needed. This study proposed autologous equine serum (AES) and adult bovine serum (ABS) to be evaluated as alternative to FBS. ATFs were cultured in DMEM-HG and supplemented with 10% FBS, 10% AES an...
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Jahangir Shah1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Sami Ullah2,3, Hera Gul4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Zeshan6
 
 
...multi-stemmed, and multipurpose plant has attracted wide attention due to its economic value, potential by-products and ability to withstand vagaries of the desert environment. By realizing the economic importance of this high-value desert plant, a pioneer study on seed germination response to various agro-climatic factors was conducted at the Arid Zone Research Institute Bahawalpur. Healthy jojoba seeds were sown at the fortnightly intervals by dividing the w...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Ayesha Iqbal1 and Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,3
.../sub> grasses. For this purpose, fifteen dental samples (Five for each Hipparion species) from well dated late Miocene localities between 8.8-7.7 Ma are analyzed. All the δ13C values (V-PDB) are in range of -11.27‰ to -3.36‰ which represent that these horses dominantly inhabited C3 vegetation however, the C4 grasses were being indicated as the diet of Hipparionines the latest Miocene. All these specie...
Muhammad Qayash Khan1,2, Muhammad Zubair Anjum2, Muhammad Adnan3, Abbas Khan1, Hafsa Zahid1, Javed Nawab4, Sher Zaman Safi5Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah6, Atif Kamil7 and Abid Ali1*
...ervation practices. The purpose of the present study was a molecular characterization of fish species of economic importance belonging to the genus Schizothorax, Tor and Mystus collected from various rivers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The samples were morphologically identified, its mitochondrial DNA was extracted and subjected to molecular characterization by amplifying and sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) ge...
Iram Liaqat1*, Tahir Hussain1,2, Aisha Waheed Qurashi3, Gulbeena Saleem2Asia Bibi4, Muhammad Fiaz Qamar5,ShaukatAli1 and Ikram-ul-Haq6 
... biofilm formation. The purpose of this study was to (1) compare biofilm formation of three S. Gallinarum strains isolated from commercial broiler chicken by three different methods i.e., congo red, test tube and air liquid interface coverslip, (2) biofilm quantification at different time intervals and (3) monitor antibiofilm effect of three proteolytic enzymes including trypsin, chymotrypsin and proteinase k against S. Gallinarum. We obse...
Sheza Shehzadi1, Mohammad Umar Farooq2*, Rukhsana Kausar1, Ijaz Ali1*, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Maqbool Shahbaz4
...er grass (Pennisetum purpureum) has turn out the promising nutritious forage to the livestock on the sustainable basis, feedstock for biofuel and also has proven to be environmental friendly. The purpose of this study is to assess the biomass production of mott grass and its capability to sequester Carbon from the environment in the barani areas of Pothwar region in Pakistan. The research study was conducted under rai...
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Saleem Ashraf3, Tahir Munir Butt4, Abdur Rehman5, Imtiaz Hussain6 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood2
 
 
... efficiently. The major purpose of present study was to explore the constraints and potential benefits associated with family farming for livelihood improvement in the highlands of Pakistan.
...
Tariq Ali Mastoi1, Zulfiqar Ali Mastoi2*, Zahoor Ahmed Khetran3, Ghulam Hussain Alizai2, Binish Baig4, Mitha Khan2 and Syed Jahangir Shah1
 
 
...districts were selected purposively by using random sampling techniques to investigate eligibility, education and obstacles of the respondents for obtaining micro finance loan from Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL). Out of selected districts; ten respondents were chosen randomly who obtained micro finance loans. The information of the selected districts and respondents was obtained (ZTBL). Thus, the respondents were interviewed personally and necessary data ...
Simeen Mansoor, Jabeen Farheen* and Meher Hassan
 

...otein profile. For this purpose, the distilled-water and phytohormones imbibed seeds of NM13-1 were pretreated with 40 °C (1 hour) before 50 °C (2 hours), after 24 hours seedling length, proteome profile by 1-D, and catalase (CAT), ascorbate (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities were assessed. Study outcomes revealed that the combination of phytohormones and 40 °C before 50 °C exhibited improved growth and increased activity of A...
Titin Herawati1,*, Indra Adiwiguna1, Ayi Yustiati1, Iis Rostini1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Hafizan Juahir3 and Asep Sahidin1
 

...ne-height: normal;">The purpose of the research is to map the diversity of fish in Cimanuk River, specifically upstream and downstream Jatigede Reservoir. Field observation method and census sampling technique were applied. Research commenced from November 2017 to January 2018. Parameters measured are diversity index, dominance index, equitability index, and water quality. Data analysis employed comparative-descriptive method by mapping the species and compari...

Faheem Aslam1,*, Aneel Salman2, Inayatullah Jan3 and Sarah Siddiq Aneel4

...ly political issue. The purpose of this study is to explore the water policies of Pakistan (2017) and India (2012) through quantitative analysis of textual data. The text mining of these water policies enables to analyze the massive amounts of information quickly, making connections and surface important links between entities. The results show that Pakistan’s National Water Policy, 2017 is more comprehensive as compared to India’s National Water P...
Wahyu Widodo1,*, Imbang Dwi Rahayu2, Adi Sutanto3, Apriliana Devi Anggraini4, Harum Sahara4
Sara Safitri4 and Abubakar Yaro5,6
...ne-height: normal;">The purposes were to analyze the effect of Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb. as a feed additive towards super kampong chicken (Indonesian native/local chicken - Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) and to determine the most effective level of curcuma xanthorriza for the chicken. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this research through experimental design. Treatments in this research covered T0: Curcuma xanthorriza
Naveed Ali1, Umar Hayat1*, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Imad Khan1 and Sanam Wagma Khattak2
 

...ue-added. To serve this purpose, this study utilizes CS-ARDL approach. The results of long-run estimates show that financial development, income, trade openness and human capital are important factors explaining agricultural productivity. Moreover, the study finds an inverted-U shaped nexus between financial development and agriculture productivity. The results of this study have great policy implications for SAARC countries.
...
Muhammad Farooq1*, Allah Rakha2,Jawad Ul Hassan2, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi1, A. Shakoor3, Muhammad Bakhtiar4, Muhammad Noman Khan5,Shoaib Khan5, Ibrar Ahmad6, Shabir Ahmed7 andWang Yunyang1*
 

...for diet and medication purposes. In addition to its dietetic value mushroom have many medicinal importance because mushroom is used against several viral, bacterial and cancer diseases. Mushroom powder also used to reduce blood pressure and increase resistance of person against many diseases. Keeping in perspective the position of dietary and medicinal values of mushroom in this research mushroom powder was added into muffins to improve nutritious and dieteti...

Salma Javed and Samreen Khan*

...ound negative. The main purpose of captioned study was to report mass culturing of parasitic Aphelenchus avenae and their relationship and further explore these nematodes under field circumstances to control many pathogenic soil-borne fungi because this is the first study conducted on the subject experiment in Pakistan.

...

Mehwish Saleem1*, Maria Tahir1, Maryam Ilyas2 and Aqsa Malik2

...lotting and circulation purpose was to evaluate serum calcium level in patient’s blood. Blood samples were collected from cancer patients from MAYO hospital LHR during the time period April 2018 to May 2018. Some cancer patients have increased calcium level in blood. Cancer is more prevalent in males (n=17) 57% than females (n=13)43%. The most frequent cancer type among males is blood 41cancer (n=5) 36%, lung cancer (n=3)   22% and oral cancer ...

Manzoor Hussain Memon1, Khalid Khan2, Anjum Parvez3, Sarfaraz Ahmed Shaikh4, Khan Mir Khan2, Guo Xiangyu5*, Mohammad Nasrullah6 and Saima Liaqat7

...e of value chain are in surplus loss because of no. of agents in the supply chain. Keeping in view the importance of poultry industry, the study has attempted to assess the economic viability of the poultry farmers in district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by evaluating profitability of various actors involved in the poultry industry. The total of 200 farmers, commission agents and consumers were surveyed using multistage sampling technique. Building on quantitat...

Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Qasim Raza1*, Awais Riaz1, Misbah Hanif2, Wajiha Saeed2, Shawaiz Iqbal1, Tahir Hussain Awan1, Syed Sultan Ali1 and Muhammad Sabar1

... MPa osmotic stress was surprisingly improved as compared with control and other osmotic stress levels, indicating a ‘drought-escape strategy’ in rice seeds under low osmotic stress level. Overall, our results indicated that seed priming with 225 ppm SA concentration is ideal under all environments and should be recommended in DSR system to improve early crop establishment and sustainable production.

...
Saqib Nawaz1, Sher Bahadar Khan1*, Umar Sadique1, Muhammad Israr2
Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Hameed Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Irshad5, Ihsan Ali1 and Haq Aman Ullah1
... D from sheep. For this purpose, a total of 272 fecal samples were collected from sheep and lambs from four different zones of district Peshawar. Isolates were morphologically, biochemically and molecularly confirmed through Gram staining, gelatin liquefaction test (GLT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Out of total, 85 (31.3%) were positive for C. perfringens type D on PCR. The results revealed 6-34% prevalence of C. perfringens
Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Usman Ali2, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Bushra Nisar Khan1, Waqar Ahmed1, Zakir Hussain1, Mian Amman Ullah1Nimra Afzal1 and Anjum Ara2
..., grazing, agricultural purposes, use of insecticides and retaliatory killing are major threats to the survival of mongoose in the study area. These factors could be controlled through awareness campaigns and better law enforcement in order to conserve this specie. 
...
Iqra Muzammil1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Amjad Islam Aqib2,*, Ambreen Ashar3Syed Ashar Mahfooz1, Sajjad ur Rahman4, Muhammad Shoaib4, Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Imran Khan Sohrani1, Javeed Ahmad1, Razaullah Saqi1, Fizzah Laeeq Lodhi1 and
Qaisar Tanveer5
...rom mastitic goats. The purposive sampling technique was applied to collect n=200 milk samples from different regions of goat populated areas of district Faisalabad-Pakistan. Using surf field mastitis test, collected milk samples were screened for subclinical mastitis at the spot for subsequent identification of pathogenic strains of S. aureus through microbiological examination in the laboratory. Non-probability statistical tools conferred 42% (84/200,...

Chala Hailu Hussen and Fikiru Temesgen Geleta

... experience, marketable surplus supply, and seed multiplication objectives were positively affecting the probability of participation decision while wealth variable like owning a large number of livestock was negatively affecting participation decision. Further, institutional service factors like the acquisition of awareness and frequency of extension contact positively affecting participation decision; however, obtaining training had a negative effect. Genera...

Rahat Rukhsana1, Shahnaz Rashid2, Asma Fatima2, Owais Iqbal Khan3, Syed Babar Hussain Shah4, Mumtaz Ali4 and Ghulam Abbas2*

...re suitable for farming purpose excluding Shamimul Hassan Farm, Fish Farm Green Co. and Ghulam Ali Nizamani Farm, where high level of total hardness was recorded as 1000±2.65 mg l-1, 700±4.80 mg l-1, and 975±4.73 mg l-1, respectively. The minimum chlorophyll-a (1.4-2.1 mg l-1) was found in the ponds water of Shamimul Hassan Farm, Fish Farm Green Co., and Ghulam Ali Nizamani Fish Farm, although the remaining farms showed maximum values 5.8-...

Summara Abbasi* and Khalid Nawab

...l livelihoods. For this purpose, the present research was conducted to determine the socio-economic factors that influence the rural milk producers in the adoption of dairy technology. A survey was carried out in district Muzaffarabad of Azad Jammu and Kashmir by selecting 8 villages purposively, based on the average number of livestock population i.e 2-3 heads per household, for dairy production. A structured and pretested ...

Mehnaz Safdar1, Urooba Pervaiz1* and Dawood Jan2

...i and Swat from KP were purposively selected and a sample size of 384 women farmers were selected through multistage sampling technique. Descriptive analysis revealed that 305 women farmers were involved in rearing poultry. A 5 point Likert scale was used, showed that women farmers had various constraints out of which Pardah, mobility and lack of information source were ranked on top with Likert score value of 4.12, 4.00 and 3.94, respectively. Due to male dom...

Amar Iqbal Saqib, Khalil Ahmed*, Muhammad Khalid Bhatti, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz, Muhammad Ashfaq Anjum, Abdul Rasul Naseem, Aftab Ahmad Sheikh and Belqees Akhter

...sh water for irrigation purpose.

...

Ayaz Ahmed* and Muhammad Zulfiqar

... Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Purposively three forest divisions had been selected namely Swat, Kalam and Siran of Malakand and Hazara forest regions. The study based on cross sectional data. Data were collected from 321 randomly selected households in three JFM (experimental group) and nearby three non-JFM (control group) villages, located in the same forest-ecological and socio-economic settings. The study analyzed the effects of JFM on local livelihood by using b...

Arshad Khan1, Mohammad Ihsan1, Mohammad Nisar1, Ali Hazrat1*, Murad Ali3, Rashid Ul-Haq3, Khalid Khan2, Karishma Gul1 and Shah Faisal1 

...ding programs. For this purpose, 40 barley landraces were collected from Dir Lower and Swat, districts of KP, Pakistan. A total of 18 traits were recorded, 10 qualitative characters including spike density, awn barbs, glume awn, lemma type and awn color, length of the rechilla hairs, lemma color, auricle pigmentation, photoperiod sensitivity and stem pigmentation. Variation was observed in these qualitative traits through frequency distribution. In quantitativ...
Muhammad Mohsin1, Yin Hengbin2*, Qian Chong3 and Bohyun Kim4
...y using non-equilibrium surplus production models (NE-SPMs), viz., Fox Model (FM), Schaefer Model (SM), and Pella-Tomlinson Model (PTM) through two specialized fishery software, viz., catch and effort data analysis (CEDA) and a stock production model incorporating covariates (ASPIC). In CEDA, FM showed highest value of R2 (0.897) and computed maximum sustainable yield (MSY) as 2471 t. On the other hand, in ASPIC, FM also produced highest R2
Nilgun Dogan1,* and Hakan Adanacioglu2
...-size: small;">The main purpose of this study is to determine the economic performance of the beekeeping farms. For this purpose, a survey was done in Kelkit County, in northeastern Turkey. The performances of the beekeeping farms were evaluated by cost, profitability and efficiency analysis. The cost of a unit of honey was US$3.16 and the average price paid to the beekeepers was US$6.78. The absolute and relative profits we...
Muhammad Ramzan1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah2, Muhammad Umair Sial2, Naeem Iqbal2 and Shafqat Saeed2
...landscape and medicinal purposes in various regions and also known for absorbing various toxic pollutants from the environment. Several insect pests like thrips, whiteflies, mealy bugs and caterpillars attack on these plants. Among them, leaf eating caterpillar, Trilocha varians (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is serious insect pest for these precious plant species in various countries. The larvae of the pest can cause 80-100% defoliation. The various confirmed host...

Fahrauk Faramayuda1,2*, Totik Sri Mariani3, Elfahmi1,4 and Sukrasno1

...thosiphon aristatus are purple, white-purple, and white. The main chemical compounds of O. aristatus are rosmarinic acid, eupatorin and sinensetin. The O. aristatus plant’s potential as traditional medicine is established, so it is necessary to produce its active compounds abundantly and to propagate purple and white-purple varieties of O. aristatu...

Shahzad Khan1*, Munir Khan1, Arif Alam2, Ikram Shah2, Mahfooz Khan1 and Fida Muhammad Khan1

...nd Sarfaraz Kalay, were purposively selected. A sample size of 41 wheat growers from farm households was chosen from these villages for data collection. Thus, selection of the farmers was based on the proportional allocation technique. However, primary data were randomly collected through face to face interview from the selected respondents with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire. For data analysis, profit margin, gross margin and Cobb-Douglas product...

Muhammad Akhtar1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2*, Kaiser Latif Cheema1, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid1, Amir Amin1, Javed Anwar Shah1, Zeeshan Qadeer1 and Zeshan Ali3

...f the country. For this purpose, a research experiment was conducted in moisture stress (drought) and non-stress conditions (irrigated) at Gram Breeding Research Station, Kallurkot, Pakistan during 2019-20. Mean performance of various traits revealed significant differences among all the included chickpea advance lines. Drought indices i.e. drought tolerance efficiency (DTE), drought susceptibility (DSI) and yield reduction percentage were calculated to identi...

Maha I. El Zaafarany1, WafaaM. Badawy2, Eman M. El Salakh3

...V) in this disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV in breast cancer.Fifty four fresh frozen breast cancers samples were analyzed. Samples were tested for HPV by PCR, and products were sequenced. Findings were correlated with clinical and pathological characteristics.The HPV DNA prevalence in the breast cancer samples was 28 % (15/54). Sequence analysis in a subgroup of cases indicates the prevalence of high risk HPV16. In conc...

Allam A. Megahed1; Hoda M.A. Waziri2; Khaled A. El-Dougdoug3; Badawi A. Othman3; Sirag M. Lashin1; Mohamed D. Hassanin1 and Mahmoud A. Ibrahim4

...ency in development the purplish blue color than the positive reaction when the foreign antisera applied, therefore it should be use produced antisera from Egyptian isolates specific for detection of sugar beet viral infections as a good replacement of foreign ones.

...

Samah A. Mokbel1, Ashraf A. Abd El-Mohsen2

...s is critical. For this purpose, infected tubers with potato leafroll virus (PLRV) or potato virus x (PVX) from two cultivars Spunta or Lady Rosette as demonstrated by serological detection were used as a source for virus-free minitubers production. This achived by subjecting tubers directly to thermotherapy treatment at 36ºC, 37ºC or 38ºC for three weeks which resulting in 50%, 70% or 80% of PLRV-free tubers and 0%, 16.6% or 33.3% of PVX-free t...

Hanaa H. A. Gomaa1; Entsar A. A. Nassar2; K. A. El-Dougdoug3

...

...

Manal A. El-Shazly1. M. I .Kobeasy2and Sarah H . Altalhi3

...urling, bronzing and/or purpling, chlorosis and necrotic spot on the leaves. Disease symptoms of infected fruits produced from inoculated healthy tomato seedling showing discoloration, faint concentric rings, necrotic and chlorotic spot on mature tomato fruits. The virus was biologically purified from a single local lesion formed on Chenopodium amaranticolor Caste & Reyn. The isolated virus was identified on the basis of symptomatology, transmissibility, h...

Aly M. Abdel-Salam

...gnosis. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to characterize biologically, serologically, and molecularly one Crinivirus viz. Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) and one Ipomovirus viz. Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) from infected cucurbits. Further, the study is concerned with illustrating the adverse effect of mixed infection with these viruses on diagnosis and breeding for virus resistance in cucurbits. Methods: CYSDV was isolated thro...

Maha A. El-Abhar1, Moustafa A. Elkady1, Khaled M. Ghanem2, Hussieny A. Bosila3

...
Objective: : The purpose of this study is to characterize biologically and serologically AMV infecting
potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Egypt. Moreover, the study described the histological and cytological
effects of AMV infection in potato leaf cells.
Methods: Leaf samples were collected on the basis of visual symptoms from potato plants with yellow
blotching symptoms, called “Calico” and leaf...
Nehafta Bibi1,2, Faiq Jan3, Munawar Saleem Ahmad4 and Haitao Wang1,5,*
...avity nesting. For this purpose, different species of secondary cavity and non-cavity nesting passerines were subjected to two phases of trials: in the first trial birds were released in an experimental cage and allowed them to accommodate themselves in darkness for 10 min. In the second trial we turned on the dimmer to a given luminance for 2 min. We found that activity threshold for secondary cavity nesting passerines ranged from 0.05 to 0.2 c...

Mohamed M. Mashaly1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahein1, Hussein A. Hussein2

... vaccine and diagnostic purposes.
Methods: In order to isolate the LSDV MDBK continuous cell line was used for six serial passages.
The obtained LSDV isolate was molecularly identified and deposited to the GenBank accession
number of MN271728. In addition, a comparative study of LSDV growth curves of two permissible
continuous cell lines (MDBK and Vero). The growth curve of LSDV was determined by inoculating

Zainab Iftikhar, Muhammad Arif, Iqbal Munir and Sajid Ali

...ross Pakistan. For this purpose, 416 hybrids were assessed for diversity in crop duration parameters in the year 2017-18 and a subset of better performing 108 hybrids were selected and assessed for subsequent assessment. During the first experiment of preliminary testing of 416 Chinese wheat hybrids along with 5 local checks tested during 2017-18, significant variability (P<0.01) was observed for days to jointing and booting, the parameters related to crop ...

Ghani Akbar*, Muhammad Asif and Zafar Islam

...hout the year. For this purpose, growing off-season vegetables under plastic tunnel have elevated importance, because of comparatively less capital cost and skills requirement. Keeping in view these challenges, this study was conducted to evaluate the water and land productivity of drip irrigated off-season tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) under tunnel farming compared with traditional open-air farming method in Potohar, a ...
Song Jiang1,2,3, Xianbin Mo1,2, Falin Zhou2,3, Jianhua Huang2,3, Qibin Yang2,3, Lishi Yang2,3 and Shigui Jiang2,3*
..."font-size: small;">The purpose of the present study is to reveal the effects of different dietary levels of fish meal protein on body weight and survival of Penaeus monodon families. In this study, 5400 P. monodon from 36 families were mixed cultureed with two kinds of different dietary levels of fish meal protein (Diet A and Diet B) for 56 days to analyze the genetic parameters of body weight and survival traits, as well as the interaction effe...

Rupinder Kaur1,2*, Pretty Bhalla3, Jubin Kumar Saini4 and Sayeeduzzafar Qazi5

...gricultural system. The purpose of this exploratory study is to fill this gap with the identification of potential work stressors for this profession. The paper also aims to investigate whether employment type (permanent or temporary) affects the level of role stress among agricultural extension officials. The role of gender, age and marital status on stress levels has also been examined further. For this purpose, the data ...

Hina Afzal*, Sarfraz Hassan, Muhammad Khalid Bashir and Asghar Ali 

...ulture sector. For this purpose, the study utilizes the growth accounting technique to obtain reliable estimates of total factor productivity. The study covered total factor productivity growth period from 1973-2020. Results indicated that the overall economy average TFP growth rate is higher from 1981 to 1990 in the agriculture sector of the country. The TFP growth of agriculture sector was higher in this decade. Comparison between the TFP with other sectors ...

Dilan Ozmen Ozgun1, Gonca Alak2, Arzu Ucar2, Sinan Bilginer3, Halise Inci Gul3, Mahmut Kocaman2, Cem Yamalı3, Veysel Parlak2, Muhammed Atamanalp2, Ahmad Maslat4 and Telat Yanık2*

...rainbow trout. For this purpose, rainbow trout alevins were exposed to 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2.5 mg/L of B4 and 1 ml of DMSO for 96 hours. Blood samples were collected for hematological analyzes and mortalities were recorded daily. Exposure to B4 caused significant changes in antioxidant enzymes of gill and liver of alevins (p<0,05). Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities were decreased, while MDA values increased significa...

Fahrauk Faramayuda1,2*, Totik Sri Mariani3, Elfahmi1,4 and Sukrasno1

...of O. aristatus, namely purple, white-purple and white. The purple and white-purple population has started to decline. Efforts are needed to maintain the two varieties’ population, one of which is plant tissue culture. It is hoped that in vitro cultured plants contain the same secondary metabolites as the wild type. This study aims to identify the ...

Ghulam Muhiyuddin Kaloi1* and Mehrunisa Memon

...tively for agricultural purpose. The wastewater is a nutrient rich plant material well known for its high biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and soluble salts. Its injudicious use may be hazardous for soil health. Study was conducted to evaluate significance of wastewater in context of sugarcane juice quality and soil health. Wastewater was tested on experimental field of Matiari Sugar Mills in a randomized complete block design with factorial co...

Masudul Haq Wani and Arshad Bhat*

...t by employing economic surplus model on the experimental data collected from the technical expert group of scientists involved in its cultivation, assessment, evaluation and dissemination. By adopting high advance impact assessment technologies and models, the study reveals that under medium density plantation at 2×2.5m (2000 trees/ha) resulted in the productivity of at least 3 mt/ha, the average productivity gain will shoot up from 0.96 MT/ha to about ...
Wanqiu Zhao1,2, Taoyan Yuan1, Li Chen2, Xue Du2, Weihu Chen4, Yan Fu1, Dong Niu3,* and Lizhi Lu2,*
...ze: small;">The primary purpose of this study is to characterize the intestinal microbial communities in Zhedong White geese (a local breed in China) at different reproductive stages and to investigate the relationships between intestinal microflora and geese reproductive states. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of geese duodenum content samples at three different stages (laying, broody, and recovery stage). Taxonomic analysis revealed that Firmicutes, Actinob...

Muhammad Waheed* and Dost Muhammad

...careous soils. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted in the green house of the University of Agriculture Peshawar to assess changes in P fractionations and wheat seedlings growth in two diverse calcareous soils. The pretreated composts were prepared by mixing 0, 2 and 4 % P with FYM on dry weight basis either from RP (rock phosphate) or TSP (triple super phosphate fertilizer). The prepared composts were then applied to pots containing 6 kg of soil @...
Arsalan Khan1*, Navid Anjum2, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Shakeeb Ullah3
Ali Zaman3, Kamran Safdar3, Khalid Muhammad3, Ambrina Tariq4
Muhammad Inam Malik3, Muhammad Kamal Shah3, Atiq ur Rehman3 
and Hamza Maris3
...of the cattle. For this purpose, ticks were collected from cattle and crude extract of ticks was prepared using standard procedures i.e. mixed with formalin, antibiotic and vegetable oil to prepare the vaccine. This vaccine was administered thrice (at weekly interval) in 15 cattle @ 1ml/50 Kg of the body weight of each animal accordingly. Fifteen cohort cattle of different age groups served as controls, administered with the standard acaricidal drug, iv...
Jun Yan Bai*, Yu Chen, Qi Hang Hu, Zhi Hao Dong, Ying Lei, You Bing Yang, Shu Juan Zhao and You Zhi Pang
..."font-size: small;">The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of estrogen receptor gene (ESR) polymorphism on the growth traits of quails. PCR products were used to directly sequence the polymorphism of exon 4 of ESR gene in three quail populations (Chinese yellow quail, Korean quail, Beijing white quail) and analyze the association between ESR gene and growth traits of quails. The results show that three genotypes, CC, CT an...
Jun Yan Bai*, Zhi Hao Dong, Shu Juan Zhao, Ying Lei, You Bing Yang, Heng Cao and Kun Peng Shi
..."font-size: small;">The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the carcass traits of french giant meat quail and savimalt meat quail in order to provide reference for breeding and improvement of meat quail. The results show that french giant meat quail shows far higher body weight, carcass weight, carcass net weight, breast muscle weight (total), leg muscle weight (single) and leg muscles rate compared to savimalt meat quail (P<0.05). Moreov...
...COPD) disease. For this purpose, a retrospective cohort was designed. In this work, 200 patients with COPD at stable stage were enrolled as research subjects. They were divided into the control group (n=100) given conventional treatment (bronchodilator, antioxidant, expectorant antitussive) and the research group (n=100) given pulmonary rehabilitation combined with tiotropium bromide treatment. The BODE indexes of two groups were compared and observed a...

Nasir Mahmood Cheema1*, Ghulam Shabbir2 and Nazakat Nawaz3

...lity. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to see the Pothwar environmental condition effects on quality of castor bean oil. For the purpose, castor bean oil (Ricinus communis L.) two years experimental data from the stand point of oil content and oil quality were collected and analyzed having four sowing dates 15th July, 30th July, 15th August and 30th August using four varieties (DS-30, PR-7/1, PR101, Local) crop pl...
Diana Rachmawati1*, Johannes Hutabarat1, Olga Anne2, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi3 and Tita Elfitasari1
...n of dieting waste. The purpose of the research was to study the effects of B. subtilis supplementation in the diet on protein digestibility, the efficiency of diet utilization, growth, and activities of digesting enzymes of E. fuscoguttatus. The sampled fish has an average weight of 4.24 g ± 0.023 g per fish. Diet used in the study contained 45 % protein with the supplementation of various amounts of B. subtilis varying in (0, 2.5,...

Muhammad Nauman1, Iftikhar Ali3, Nazir Ahmad1,2*, Fazli Ahad1 and Touheed Iqbal4

...el and other industrial purposes.

...

Junaid Ahmad1, Shahzeb Javed2*, Mehmood Khan1, Shadman1, Muhammad Farooq3*, Muhammad Saleem4, Rahila Afzal5, Muhammad Aasim6, Naqeeb Ullah7, Muhammad Noman Khan8, Dawood8 and Naila Ilyas9

... the knowledge. For the purposes of assessing Attitude and Practice, each correct response received a score of (yes), a neutral response received a score of (don’t know), and an erroneous response received a score of (No). For each component, quartiles were created. Knowledge, attitude, and practice were categorized into adequate and insufficient quartiles based on quartiles. Males made up 74.44 percent of the study participants, while females made up 25...

Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Pervaiz Khan2 and Fozia Gull3

...uits such as mango. The purpose of this study is to observe the relationship among the environmental and host effects on the outbreak of this crucial pest. The research work was conducted in two gardens (50 hectors) of mango fields of Mirpur Khas, known as mango land of Sindh during (2014-2015) seasons. The two sites of garden with different varieties of mango were selected and 10 traps hanged in (1hector) trees. Methyl eugenol (volatile chemical) embedded in ...
Li Qiao1,2, Quan Zhang1, Shubao Geng1,2, Fangmei Zhang1,2, Junhua Chen1,2 and Shibao Guo1,2,*
...ected respectively. The purpose was screen out the best spectrum possible by study the effect of spectral treatment on biological habit of E. grisescens Warren. The results provide a scientific basis for the use of phototaxis to the integrated management of E. grisescens Warren.
...

Malik Muhammad Shafi, Rabia Habib and Haidar Ali*

...(KP, Pakistan). For the purpose of data collection, interview schedule and direct observation was used as a research tools. Through random sampling technique, a sample size of 90 households from 452 farm households were taken. Total consumption expenditures, total income, and land size were the variables which showed significant results. Because their overall p-values indicates significant results at 5% significant value. Results of these variables revealed a ...

Theophilus Miebi Gbigbi* and Rodney Akpoviri Isiorhovoja

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this research was to estimate the resource allocation efficiency and profitability of exotic chicken enterprises in Delta State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was adopted to pick a sample of 120 farmers from whom data were elicited using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate that the average age of respondents was 43 years; majority (85%) of...

Sheikh Muhammad Azam1,2 and Muhammad Naeem1*

...otein and lipids. Basic purpose of the present work was to avow nutritious status of Scomberoides commersonnianus. Therefore, current study analysis was performed to analyze body composition of the studied fish. A total of 73 specimens of S. commersonnianus having different size, ranged 94.5 to 1183g of body weight and 20.5 to 56.9 cm in total length were randomly chosen from Arabian Sea Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan for analysis of proximate study. The mean percen...

Kirshan Chand1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro3, Sohail Ahmed Otho1 and Jamal-U-Din Hajano4

...o application. For this purpose, two districts of lower Sindh province i.e., Hyderabad and Tando Allahyar were selected with 20 samples from each district for assessing the carrier water quality. Samples were used for the measurement of electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, cations including potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), iron (Fe2+) and sodium (Na+). In anions, bicarbonate (HCO3−), carbonate (CO32−), ch...
Muhammad Hamza Tariq1, Mahjabeen Akram2 and Yasir Sharif3*
...be restrained. For this purpose, the library of 2113 phytochemicals was docked against the binding domain of the S-protein. Top ten compounds with maximum binding affinity to the active sites of target protein were further screened for ADMET properties by adopting SwissADME and ADMETsar online servers. The compounds namely Morin, Curcumin, Apigenin, Cedronolactone A and Matairesinol showed acceptable drug-like properties therefore these compounds can be propos...

Iffat Nawaz1*, Tahseen Zeb1, Bibi Saima Zeb2 and Javaria Sherani3

...vulgaris L.) being dual purpose (vegetable plus legume) is grown worldwide and in Pakistan specifically in the Himalayan range. Local landraces cultivated in traditional farming systems are the sole source of its production. 108 land races of beans including 96 landraces of Himalayan region, the ten Mesoamerican and the two Andean genotypes were evaluated at three locations during 2015 and 2016 at the Summer Agricultural Research Station Kaghan, Batakundi Pota...
Nasir Ali Tauqir1, Asim Faraz2*, Annamaria Passantino3, Muhammad Asif Shahzad1, Rana Muhammad Bilal4, Adeel Tahir1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2 and Abdul Waheed2
...roiler chicks. For this purpose, 42 days study was conducted using hubbard broiler chicks (n=200). The birds were divided into 5 groups containing 4 replicates having 10 chicks each. Birds were offered 5 iso-caloric and isonitrogenous broiler starter (metabolizable energy 2850 kcal/ kg; crude protein 20%) diet from day 1-21 and broiler finisher (metabolizable energy 2880 kcal/ kg; Crude protein 18%) diet from day 22-42 comprising 0, 3, 6, 9 and 1...
Shabana Naz1*, Nishat Ali Khan1, Arnab Tanweer1, Shifa Moazzam1, Qudrat Ullah2, Farkhanda Asad1, Irfan Khattak3, Sajida Batool4 and Rifat Ullah Khan5
...nal parasites. For this purpose, the fecal samples were collected from 30 peafowl. Sampling was done thrice from same birds i.e., once before treatment and twice after treatment with Albendazole and Levamisole. The efficacy of Albendazole and the Levamisole against parasites was calculated. The fecal samples were examined by using flotation and modified Macmaster’s egg counting technique. The results showed that 21 peafowl (8 males and 13 females) were ...

Sadarman1, Agung Irawan2, Muhammad Ridla3, Anuraga Jayanegara3*, Nahrowi3, Roni Ridwan4, Ahmad Sofyan5, Hendra Herdian5, I Nyoman Guna Darma5, Teguh Wahyono6, Dewi Febrina1, Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap7, Rizki Amalia Nurfitriani8, Danung Nur Adli9 

...sting of 80% Pennisetum purpureum and 20% concentrate was used to incubate the SSR samples (ensiled and non-ensiled) using a 6×11 cm standard nylon bag. Each SSR sample was added with 2% CT and HT, respectively. Soy sauce residue without tannins served as control, giving a total of six experimental units as the combined result of 2 types of the ensilage process and 3 levels of tannin addition treatments. The experiment was arranged following a 2×3 ...

Tilahun Woretaw1, Netsanet Beyero2*, Yonatan Kassu3 

...of Pentas schimperiana. Purposive sampling technique was used to select two agroecology (midland and highland) and five representatives (two from midland and three from highland) kebeles based on the coverage of P. schimperiana. A total of 100 respondents, 58 from three high land peasant associations and 42 from two midland peasant associations, were purposely selected for an interview who had at least one livestock. Seconda...
Stefan Pratama Chandra1, Yoanes Maria Vianney1, Theresia Liliani Christie2, Merlyn Wongso2, Melisa Widjaja2, Deok-Chun Yang3, Se Chan Kang4, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum5,6 and Johan Sukweenadhi1*
...ver, to supply for this purpose, they still rely on imports. PT. Kalbe Farma (through its subsidiary, PT. Bintang Toedjoe), University of Surabaya (Ubaya), and Hanbang-Bio Laboratory (holding company of Kyung Hee University) established the Kalbe Ubaya Hanbang-Bio Laboratory (KUH Lab), a collaboration initiated to achieve the independence of raw materials. This laboratory is devoted to developing the plant tissue culture protocol for the mass production of ...
Ali Ikhwan1*, Dian Indratmi1, Faridlotul Hasanah1, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum2,3 and Irum Iqrar4,5
...ms the environment. The purple Cleome plant (Spider plant – Cleome rutidosperma Linn.) can be extracted and function as an organic fungicide for environment-friendly control. This research aimed to examine the type and concentration of purple cleome extract metabolites and understand their effectiveness in inhibiting C. capsici. Purple cleome leaf is extracted with 1:1 ...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1, Zhensheng Liu1*, Liwei Teng1* and Ejaz ur Rehman2
...by humans for different purposes, which are heading the biodiversity towards dramatic falls. The presence of several endangered species in many areas remains unveiled due to the lack of faunal inventories. In such situations, it is imperative to make proper records of the existing fauna on local scales to strengthen the conservation practices. Twenty-one species representing 18 genera, 12 families and six orders of mammals were recorded in Nowshera district, K...

Yan Jiang1,2, Xia Tao3,4 and Hongxia Chen5,6*

...family (BAFF). For this purpose, a prospective randomized controlled study method was designed for this study. 92 patients with IMN in our hospital from December 2015 to December 2017 were divided into study group (n=46) and control group (n=46) based on a computer-generated random number table. On the basis of conventional treatment, the control group was given prednisone and cyclophosphamide treatment, and the study group was given rituximab-assisted prednis...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Satria Ibnu Lenanto, Akhmad Dakhlan, Muhamad Dima Iqbal Hamdani 

...ample was determined by purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using the paternal half-sib correlation method. The observed variables included weaning weight and yearling weight. The results of this study showed that the average weaning weight of female Saburai goats in Sumberejo District was 16.4±2.0 kg, and the average weight for one year was 36.9±2.5 kg. The weaning weight and yearling weight of female Saburai goat has a genetic correlatio...

Mary A. Sargious1, Hanaa A. Ahmed1, Ragab M. El-Shawarby2, Hatem H. Bakery2, Sherif I. Ramadan3, E. Gus Cothran4 and Ayman Samir Farid5*

...osatellite markers. The purposes of this study were; firstly, to investigate the current status of the genetic diversity and inbreeding of Arabian horse populations reared in Egypt. Secondly, to examine the traditional maternal based strain classification system “Al Khamsa” using samples of native Arabian horses reared in the El-Zahraa stud based on 16 microsatellite markers. El-Zahraa stud showed high inbreeding (FIS = 0.110) and should be correct...

Xiaoli Cai1,2, Saeed Ahmed3, Zhixin Lei1,*, Jianping Wu1,* and Taolei Sun1,2,*

...the current review, the purpose is to find a more effective nanometer system to fight against intracellular bacterial infection. Current observation describes the drug resistance mechanism of bacteria, the bactericidal mechanism of antibiotics, the way of nanoparticles overpasses the cell membrane and approaching the cell, the strategies, prospects and challenges of nanoparticles treating intracellular bacteria.
...

Asim Faraz1, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2,* and Abdur Rehman3

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of experiment was to increase the fecundity such as twinning and triplitting, to attain increase in birth weight as well as weaning weight and to improve physical characteristics especially the ear size. For this Thalli female sheep (n=26) was crossed with Thalli Ram (for control) and Thalli female sheep (n=26) crossed with Mundri Ram (for experimental group). Regarding fecundity, the single birth, twining and triplitting was 42...

Masouras P.K.1, Nikolaou K.1,2, Laliotis G.P.1*, Koutsouli P.1, Bizelis I.1 

...re not used for grading purposes of beef carcasses and meat cuts in Europe. In Greece, a variety of breeds is used for beef production, but their meat quality characteristics have not yet been evaluated. The aim of the study was to determine meat quality characteristics on samples obtained from cattle reared for meat purposes in Greece and to investigate if any correlation between these characteristics, IMF and marbling exis...
Warkoyo Warkoyo1*, Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Anggit Ayu Pradana Siwi1, Moch. Wachid1, Ivar Zekker2 and Jumpen Onthong3
 
 
...hould be developed. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of glycerol (C3H8O3) and Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) — Na5P3O10 concentrations on the physical and mechanical edible film. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial was applied with three replications. The 1st factor was glycerol concentration (17.5, 22.5 and 27.5) % v/w and the 2nd
Furqan Awan1,2, Sadia Nawaz3, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3,*, Asia Iqbal4, Raheela Akhtar5, Sehrish Firyal3, Haleema Sadia6, Arshad Javid4, Muhammad Rashid7, Muhammad Sulman Ali Taseer8 and Zhenling Zeng1
...ogs meant for different purposes, guarding purpose dogs were found more affected (n=59). While among the dog breeds, Labrador were over-represented (n=26) followed by mongrel dogs (bully, n=23). In winter season, higher number of cases (n=34; from November to February) was recorded as compared to other seasons. To explore further important features, non-linear categorical PCA was employed. Prominently canine populations in t...

Murat Kulekçi1, Ecevit Eyduran2, Ayaz Yusuf Altın2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3*

...ince of Turkey with the purpose of predicting honey yield per beehive via Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Bootstrap Aggregating Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (Bagging MARS) algorithms. To realize this purpose, a questionnaire form including several questions i.e. honey yield per beehive of enterprise, age of enterprise, educational level of enterprise, migratory status of enterprise (yes and no...
Dyah Roeswitawati1*, Iva Kristova1, Muhidin Muhidin1, Otto Endarto2, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum3,4, Irum Iqrar5,6 and Luqman Ali Shah7
 
...with high toxicity. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of type and concentration of natural pesticides soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves, papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaves, chrysanth(Chrysanthemum morefolium Ramat.) leaves on the persistence of red mites. This research was conducted at the Research Institute for Citrus and Tropical Fruit Plants in Batu City, East Java, Indonesia from July to September 2017. The study was a ...

Dabeeran Zehra1, Zahida Memon1, Shumaila Usman2,*, Almas Jabeen3, Kauser Ismail1 and Rehan Ahmed Siddiqui2

...sed on the concept of repurposing, as they are well tolerated, less toxic and inexpensive. In this study we evaluated the combine effects of low dose of Azithromycin with Sorafenib in HepG2 cell line. Co-treatment of Sorafenib and Azithromycin showed enhanced inhibition of cell growth and suppressed the MAPK pathway associated with cellular proliferation, however the effects on cellular apoptosis were found to be insignificant.

...

Javed Khan1, Abdul Majid1, Mohammad Nisar2*, Ali Hazrat2, Nausheen Nazir3, Muhammad Zahoor3, Mohammad Ihsan2, Azhar Hussain Shah1, Muhamad Ajmal Khan4 and Muhammad Yahya1

...stly used for medicinal purposes. In the present study, total 50 genotypes of Alnus nitida were collected from Dir lower and evaluated for morphological traits (leaf, petiole, nut, and catkin size). A significant level of variations was observed in the size of the leaf (10.22%), petiole (24.84%), catkin (9.19%), and nut (3.08%). There is a significant correlation between petiole size and leaf size, which is an important nutritional parameter that could be used...

Aasma Younas*, Ijaz Iqbal and Atif Akbar

...B has been used for the purpose of constructing Balanced Crossover design. This design is directly applied to agriculture, as its give an example of wheat to explain the concept. Crossover Designs have been constructed for different values of treatments, blocks and periods using all possible cyclic shifts. In this article, a computer program has been introduced. This is an era of technology, no one has time to do laborious work by hand. The results suggested s...

Amtul Jamil Sami*, Sehrish Bilal and Syeda Anum Zahra

...e help of BLAST search. Surprisingly, along with various point mutations in this region, we found that a considerable base sequence upstream exon 1 was similar to Bos mutus (yakQH1 chromosome 19) and did not align with reported Bubalus bubalis GH sequence. Only 49% of the sequenced product aligns with Bubalus Bubalis though 90% of the sequence aligns with Bos mutus and Bos indicus GH gene. A 46 bp inverted repeat sequence was also identified upstream exon 1. T...

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Kaiser Latif Cheema2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Imtiaz Ali4, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid2 and Zeshan Ali5

...eding program. For this purpose, a research experiment comprising of sixty-eight elite chickpea germplasm genotypes along with two commercial varieties were sown under tri-replicate randomized complete block design during the winter season of 2020-21. D2 statistics, principle component analysis and cluster analysis were employed to detect the most genetically variable and high yielding chickpea genotypes. D2 statistics extracted higher values for standard devi...

Muhammad Mohsin1, Zhang Luyao2*, Zhu Ting3, Yin Hengbin3 and Qian Chong3

... implications. For this purpose, Surplus Production Models (SPMs) were applied to the data through two world famous fishery routines, viz., Catch and Effort Data Analysis (CEDA) and A Stock Production Model Incorporating Covariates (ASPIC). In CEDA, we applied two SPMs, viz., Fox, Schaefer and Pella Tomlinson Models abbreviated as FM, SM and PTM, in that order. On the other hand, in ASPIC, we sued two SPMs, viz., FM and Logi...

Hams M.A. Mohamed1, Mona A. El-Zamkan2* 

...al bacteria that show a surprising capacity for adaptation to new hosts and antimicrobial resistance, resulting in the spread of infection all over the world, leading to huge health loss. A total of 100 raw milk samples collected from small scale producers, farmers and markets at Qena city, Egypt, were examined for the presence of Streptococcus species. The preliminary identification was confirmed by using VITEK®2 system which revealed the presence of four...

Syed Haseeb Ahmed Shah, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Abdul Samad, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Sumaira Fazal, Niamatullah Kakar, Sabeera Afzal and Asadullah

...roiler chicken. For the purpose one day old (n=432) broiler chicks were used in the experiment. Nine groups comprising of 48 chicks with 3 replicates of sixteen broiler chicks each were formed for the trial. Control group was kept on basal diet. AGPs (Oxytetracycline and Tylosin phosphate) were supplemented solely and in combinations with different concentration. Chicks were reared in floor pens bedded with saw dust litter, optimal husbandry conditions for bro...

Mensah Gertrude Dzifa1, Christian Larbi Ayisi2,* and Elliot Haruna Alhassan1

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of substituting fish meal with shea meal in diet of Oreochromis niloticus fry on growth, feed efficiency as well as proximate composition of the whole body. In addition, the effects of the diets on liver histology were studied. Three experimental diets were formulated to contain shea meal as a substitute for fish meal at 0%, 25% and 50%. The diets were designated as SNM0, SNM 25 and SNM ...

Sana Khalid1,2*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman2,3, Usman Hameed2,4, Shabnum Shaheen1, Muhammad Naveed Shahid5, Khajista Jabeen1, Farah Khan1, Muhammad Saleem Haider1

... of one month. For this purpose non-viruliferous whiteflies (B cryptic species) were reared and used to acquire the viruses for 48-72 h from the agroinfiltered symptomatic tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana Domin.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants and these were liberated to healthy plants for transmission of viruses. It was evident from the results that the whiteflies were incapable to acquire and transmit chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV)-a mastr...

Doaa Sh. Mohamed1, Nema S. Shaban2 , Mai M. Labib3, Olfat Shehata4 

...oxidant properties. The purpose of the current investigation was to investigate if almond oil could protect male mice against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. The experimental mice were divided into three groups; control group: received 0.9 percent saline, doxorubicin group: Mice were intraperitoneal injected with doxorubicin (5 mg/kg) ithree times over a period of two weeks (dose every five days) and almond oil group: Mice were administered almond oil oral...

Imtiaz Ali Shah1*, Maleeha Anwar1, Rafiullah2, Inamullah Wazir1, Muhammad Hasnain Riaz1, Abdur Raziq1, Muhammad Ijaz Ali1, Faizul Hassan1, Khalid Khan3, Yasin Ahmad4, Irshad Ahmad5, Muhammad Ibrahim Rashid5, Muhammad Tariq Zeb1* 

...khwa Pakistan. For this purpose, 200 egg samples were collected. The culturing of Salmonella from egg shell and their contents was carried out according to ISO guidelines for Salmonella isolation. A total of twenty-two (22) eggs were positive for Salmonella species. The antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that Salmonella isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, and kanamycin while isolates were susceptible to chlor...

Semra Okur Gumusova1, Gul Fatma Yarim2, Cuneyt Tamer1,*, Ayris Salt2 and Gokhan Inat3

...ine-2 (RTG-2). For this purpose, IPNV was inoculated in RTG-2. Then, media of IPNV infected cell and media of negative control were collected (n=3) for each incubation time (0, 8, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured by the spectrophotometric methods. Data obtained revealed higher MDA levels in IPNV infected cells than negative control medium (p<0....

Hilarius Yosef Sikone1*, Budi Hartono2, Suyadi2, Bambang Ali Nugroho2 

...mple using two methods: purposive sampling (applied to farmer respondents) and snowball sampling (to collect respondents from traders and butchers). Samples used in the study were 115 respondents consisting of 90 farmers, ten collectors, four inter-island cattle traders, six cattle butchers, and five meat retailers. The data was analyzed quantitatively, the presentation of the data was descriptive, and the added value of marketing was calculated using the Haya...

Tahir Munir Butt1*, Azra2, Muhammad Luqman3, Naveed Farah4 and Muhammad Yaseen3

... & Faisalabad) were purposively selected as the targeted research area. Data were collected from randomly selected 120 vegetable growers from each district who used to do vegetable farming using wastewater. Total sample size of the study was 240 vegetable growers. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected by conducting research survey. Interview schedule as well as interview guide was used as the research instruments. The data thus collected were an...

Naila Shahzadi1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Shaukat Ali1, Muhammad Farooq Bhatti2, Azizullah1, Shafaat Yar Khan3, Abdul Khaliq4

...ult and fiber. For this purpose, sericulture productivity has been impressively modulated by fertilizing the silkworm’s diet with natural food supplements or exogenous nutrients like Amway protein, honey, bovine milk, sericin, probiotics (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, Lactobacillus casei, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Spirulina), vitamins (C and E), royal jelly, ascorbic acid, cowpea seed powder, AgNPs, secondary me...

Arman Sayuti1, Hamdan Hamdan2, Miftahul Jannah3, Safriadi Safriadi3, Teuku Nasri3, Tongku Nizwan Siregar2*

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of bovine pituitary extract (BPE) on increasing the number of offspring per birth and the concentration of steroids (estrogen and progesterone) in the local rabbits. In this study, we used 10 non pregnant rabbits that have given birth and were healthy clinically. All rabbits were randomly divided into two treatment groups, namely control group (K1) and treatment group (K2) where each group...

Hilaire S.S. Worogo*, Thierry O.T.L. Offoumon, Cham D.A. Alabi, Urbain Tchokponhoué, Yaya Idrissou, Alassan S. Assani, Fade Soule, Christophe Iwaka, Ibrahim Alkoiret Traoré 

...and genetic improvement purposes. Body measurements and weights were collected from 108 animals (58 males and 50 females) reared at the Okpara Breeding Farm and ten zoometric indices were then determined. Statistical analyses were carried out using software R. The results obtained showed that sex has a significant effect on the Baron & Crevat index (p<0.01), Compact Index (Cmp.Ind) (p<0.01), dactylo-thoracic index (DTI) (p<0.01), and Rump Length I...

Hafeez-ur-Rehman1*, Umar Farooq1, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Saghir Ahmad2, Muhammad Akram2, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid2, Hammad Hussnain2, Muhammad Shahid2, Muhammad Mehmood Iqbal2, Ali Raza2 and Muhammad Iqbal2

...imate change. The major purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cotton genotypes under naturally developed water-deficit condition and evaluating them in comparative study with natural full irrigation condition. For the purpose, seven cotton genotypes along with a drought tolerant check (FH-142) were evaluated for two cotton growing seasons (2018 and 2019) to study their performance in terms of yield, drought respon...

Doaa Khairy1, Mohamed Ali Osman2 and Fatma Abdel Mohsen Mostafa1*

...m leaf extracts (41.0%) surpassed all treatments and improved tomato length. All treatments significantly (P<0.05) suppressed nematode population, root galling and number of egg masses. The highest nematicidal activity was performed by leaf extracts mixture of moringa, neem and canola. NPK, chlorophyll Aand B, salicylic acid, phenols and phenylalinine enzyme (PAL) in tomato leaves were significantly (P<0.05) induced by plant extracts mixture. Phytochemic...

Husmaini1*, Riza Andesca Putra1, Indri Juliyarsi1, Tevina Edwin1, Linda Suhartati1, Aditya Alqamal Alianta1, Harmaini2 

...d was survey method and purposive sampling to determine the respondents. The observed variables were breeder profile, maintenance management, number of KBC, actual population (Na), effective population (Ne), and inbreeding rate. The total population of KBC in Nagari Batu Bajanjang, Tigo Lurah District is 1960, with an actual population of 610 chickens, an effective population of 600 chickens, and an inbreeding rate of 0.08%. The result showed the farmer’...

Taghreed Mohamed Nabil1, Randa Mohamed Hassan1, HebatAllah Hamdy Mahmoud2, Mohamed Gomaa Tawfiek2, Usama Kamal Moawad1* 

...uction period. For this purpose, twenty four adult turkey hens were used. Gross examination and measurements of the oviduct compartments were obtained, and four specimens for each portion were used for scanning electron microscopic examination. Histologically, pieces of different oviduct portions were subjected to routine histological processing. Macroscopically, the oviduct had five portions; infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina. Microscopically,...

Xiaopeng Tang1*, Kangning Xiong1, Peng Peng2 and Dun Deng2*

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with corn distillers dried grain with solubles (cDDGS) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. A total of six hundred and forty-eight 21-day-old Sanhuang Broiler with similar weight (443.89 ± 13.2 g) were divided into 6 treatments: (1) Control group (T0), (2) 20% replacement group (T1), (3) 40% replaceme...

Dwi Budiono1,5, Ratih Rinendyaputri2, Ariyani Noviantari2, Mokhamad Fahrudin3, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari4, Vista Budiariati1,6, Diah Nugrahani Pristihadi1,3, Noer Muhamad Dliyaul Haq1, Arief Boediono3* 

... synthase kinase 3. The purpose of this study was to increase the blastocyst rate and quality of parthenogenetic embryos as a source of pESC primary colonies. Fertilized embryos as positive control group. Diploid parthenogenetic embryos were divided into three treatment groups: CHIR99021 0 mmol/l, CHIR99021 0.003 mmol/l, and CHIR99021 0.01 mmol/l. The embryonic stem cell (ESC) primary colonies were cultured from blastocyst stage embryos. The results of this st...
Sajad Ali1*, Naeem Ur Rehman Khatak1, Shahab E. Saqib2 and Saleem ur Rehman1
... 350 wheat growers were purposively selected with 150 landowners and 200 tenants in the study area. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed. Furthermore, to estimate wheat productivity, differences in wheat productivity and socio-economic factors between owner and tenant wheat growers, a log-log regression model and an independent unpaired sample t-test was used in conjunction with face-to-face interview schedule. In addition, a dummy variable was added ...

Asim Faraz1*, Bernard Faye2, Cem Tirink3, Ayman Balla Mustafa4, Amal AlKharusi5, Morteza Bitaraf Sani6, Nasir Ali Tauqir7, Muhammad Arslan Akbar8, Muhammad Usman Saleem9, Rana Muhammad Bilal7, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel10

...in She-camels. For this purpose, thirteen female camels (3 female young stock –FYS, 10 parturient) belonged to Camel Breeding and Research Station (CBRS) Rakh Mahni Bhakkar Punjab, Pakistan were enrolled in this study. Available rutting male from the same herd were forced the female young stock and parturient She-camels for mating month after parturition. The results showed that age at first service was reduced to 38, 36.5 and 36 months in the three fema...

Ouedraogo Oumar1,2, Tianhoun Denté Fidèle2,4*, Séré Modou3, Kaboré Adama2, Tamboura H. Hamidou2 and Belem Adrien Marie Gaston4

... tuberculosis. For this purpose, daily monitoring of cattle from various farms and slaughtered at the slaughter area was carried out from February to June 2019 during ante and post-mortem inspections. The results of the analysis of the data collected during these inspections revealed that 1,716 cattle of local breeds, consisting of 875 females and 841 males, were slaughtered and checked by the veterinary inspection officers. At post-mortem inspection, 30 cattl...

Weam Mohamed Baher*, Gamilat A. El said 

...n meat industry for the purpose of improving the microbiological quality of the final products.

Keywords | Chicken meat, Microbial load, Bacteriocin, Nisin, Gingerol 

...

Mimi Syazwani Jaapar1, Eric Lim Teik Chung1,2*, Nazri Nayan1, Mamat Hamidi Kamalludin1,2, Mookiah Saminathan3, Kalai Vaani Muniandy2, Muhammad Hazziq Mohd Hamdan1, Shokri Jusoh1, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse2,4 

...bens were mixed with P. purpureum, where 10% was identified as the low-level B. decumbens diet (T2) and, 60% was identified as the high-level B. decumbens diet (T3) based on the concentration of saponins. Meanwhile, 100% P. purpureum was used as the basal diet, which served as control (T1). Rumen fluid was then collected from six young male Dorper cross sheep for the analyses of gas production, pH, in vitro organic matter di...

Ida Bagus Oka Winaya1*, Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi1, Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa2, I Gusti Ketut Suarjana2

...ing, the bacteria looks purple, the coccus arranged like a chain, reacts negatively in the catalase and oxidase tests. The findings of meningoencephalitis in the brain, arthritis in the leg joints, and microbiological tests suggest that post-weaning piglets suffer from streptococcosis.

Keywords | Histopathology, Meningoencephalitis, Post-weaning piglet, Streptococcosis, Streptococcus suis 

...

Zahra Hussain, Zulfiqar Ali* and Rida Ahmad

...jab, Pakistan. For this purpose, three-year data (2017-2019), regarding diseases and pathological conditions was collected from treatment register, stud books and post-mortem reports. Most prevalent health issues in animals were infectious diseases 26%, followed by generalized conditions 23%, gastrointestinal issues 17%, and cardiovascular issues 7%. In animals, out of total 102 different diseases and pathological conditions, the maximum variation was noted in...

Asim Zubair1*, Iffat Batool2 and Ghulam Akbar Malik3

...r basics needs. So, the Purpose of this research was to identify the possible role of NGOs in Pakistan’s Agriculture sector. The experience of non-Governmental and community-based organizations were reviewed in this research. Pakistan occupies a unique position in the world as a poor agricultural country with few obvious indicators of poverty. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the “functio...

Ahmad Ali1, Zaib Ullah2, Muhammad Javaid Asad1*, Muhammad Rafi3, Muhammad Maqsood4 and Sajid Mahmood5,6

...asses malignancies. The purpose of this task changed into to find the reasonable total of acknowledgment of photosensitizer as medication and portion of laser moderate which may likewise also in addition additionally reason most extreme harmful cell absence of ways of life in vitro and afterward in vivo through the method of way of the utilization of creature models. Photodynamic cure (PDT) is another creating method utilized for greatest malignancies treatmen...

Rizwana Abdul Ghaffar* and Kamil Nadeem

... They are used for many purposes like for rearing and food are the important aspects. They become parasitized by many of the parasites through their feeding and feeding habitat or by some infected birds that live in association with them. The majority of the nematode parasites that inhabit the body of the pigeon reside in the intestine. Nematodes are the worms that inhabit the intestines either by making coils in the tunnels of the intestine or by attaching th...

Muhammad Luqman1*, Adeel Mustafa1, Sheer Abbas2, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehomood1 and Raheel Saqib3

... of livestock. For this purpose survey research design was used and data was collected with the help of an interview schedule from randomly selected 200 samples from two purposively selected districts Chakwal and Rawalpindi. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Data depicts that the maximum number of respondents were belonging to the age category of above 40 years of age and 70 respondents ...

Syed Muhammad Amir1*, Shehzad Khan2, Asif Ali Abro3, Ehsan Inamullah4 and Tahir Mehmood5

...rming households in two purposively selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (i.e. district Mardan and Dera Ismail Khan). Based on the descriptive nature of the study, quantitative approach was used with the help of a predesigned questionnaire. Frequency distributions, percentages, and paired T-tests were used to analyze and present the data. Results indicate that time spent on cooking and fuel collection significantly reduced after biogas adoption; a...
Aiman Al-Mufarji1, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1*, Haitham Al-Masruri2, Rashid Al-Zeidi3
...itional and therapeutic purposes. Microalgae and their purified constituents have been shown beneficial effects in several studies on mammals’ production and health. The roles of microalgae and their purified compound as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and anti-tumour have been well established. The valuable chemical constituents of microalgae include “proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, PUFAs, vitamins, pigments and other bioactive compounds&...

Atta Ullah*, Nasrullah Khan, Ataur Rahman and Rafi Ullah 

... fauna and recreational purposes, but these parks also provide valuable folk benefits for the local peoples. This study aimed to document the folk benefits obtained by local inhabitants from different indigenous angiosperms and their products in Sheikh Buddin National Park. Information from 250 respondents (240 male, 10 females) was gathered randomly about plants’ medicinal and folk uses in the park. One hundred and sixteen plants species belonging to 99...

Najmul Saqib* and Himayathullah Khan

...khtunkhwa, Pakistan was purposively selected. In district Mardan, agroforestry is practiced as boundary line plantations; while in Swat intercropping is more common characteristics. A total of 390 households involved in agroforestry practices were interviewed. The study investigated the effect of agroforestry practices on farm income of rural households in KP. A Multiple linear regression model was used to find out the effect of area under agroforestry, number...

Xiaojing Liu and Zhongxin Li*

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this study was to investigate intervention effects of tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats and analyze its action on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-) 9 protein expression in kidney tissues, in order to reveal the mechanism of TSG. After 12 weeks of administration, compared with those in the DN modeling group, 24 h urine protein, serum creatinine (S...

Madiha Khalil1, Amjad Farooq1, Asim Faraz2*, Abdul Waheed2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Riaz Hussain Mirza2 and Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2

...tation traits. For this purpose, data on lactation performance of Holstein Friesian cows were collected from government livestock farms located at Quetta. Data obtained on calving from 608 cows during last sixteen years (2000-2016) were analyzed. After editing the data for consistency and errors it was subjected to statistical analysis using fixed effect models. Independent variables were year of birth, season of birth, year of calving, season of calving and p...

Abdul Ghaffar*, Niaz Hussain, Muhammad Nadeem, Khalid Hussain, Muhammad Aslam, Mudassar Khaliq, Muhammad Irshad, Zubeda Parveen and Muhammad Younas

...ign: justify;">The main purpose of the study was to determine the suitable selection method for genetic improvement in chickpea. The current investigation was conducted at the research area of the Arid Zone Research Institute, Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. Twelve chickpea genotypes were sown in RCBD following three replicates. Data regarding primary & secondary per plant, days for maturity, plant height as well as potential yield were recorded. The measured d...

Athhar Manabi Diansyah1, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2 

... Sperms 

...

Arsalan Maqbool1,2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1,3*, Eric Lim Teik Chung3,5, Abd Wahid Haron3, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila5, Bura Thlama Paul3,4, Khaliq ur Rehman Bhutto3,6 

 

...animals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine at the reproductive hormonal profile of female goats experimentally infected with Mannheimia haemolytica serotype A2 during rainy and hot seasons. Twenty-four healthy female, non-pregnant does were used, and divided into two equal groups, 12 does were further allocated into 3 groups (n=4), control, non-vaccinated and vaccinated in each season. After acclimatization and synchronization procedure, the ...

Ahmed Abd El-Salam1*, Yasser Hamouda1, Salah El-Safty2, Ahmed El-Attar2

...2, 33, 43, and 64). The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in egg shell quality between the W-36 and brown hy-lines.Strain and age had a substantial impact on Egg weight, Egg length, Egg width, Shap index, Specific Gravity, Albumen height, Albumen weight, Yolk diameter, Yolk index, Yolk weight, Yolk percent, Yolk albumen ratio, Wet shell weight, and Shell percent, according to the findings. Strain and age had no effect on Albumen weight, A...
Eman M. Aboelela1, Mohamed A. Sobieh2, Eman M. Abouelhassan3, Doaa S. Farid4, Essam S. Soliman2*
...rom the lack of all the purposive biosecurity measures planned to meet all the demands of dogs and cats. The study aimed to conduct a seasonal cross-sectional survey on the point prevalence (PP) of ectoparasitic infestations in dogs and cats concerning some host, agent, and environmental determinants. A cross-sectional study was designed to last for four successive seasons from September 21st, 2020 to September 20th, 2021. A total of 1393 cats and 1511 dogs we...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Kamran Javed1 and Imran Akhtar2

...uring 2019-20. The main purpose was to explore the genetic diversity in the strains under study. Principal component analysis, along with agglomerative hierarchical clustering tools were employed. Twenty-four recently bred upland cotton strains bearing diversified origin were configured in triplicate following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The data for novel attributes were recorded. Analysis of variance results indicated that a significant level of...

Muhammad Furqan and Zulfiqar Ali

...87%, n=41) and the main purpose was food. Stealing of eggs and chicks capturing was recorded from many sites. As per respondents, local community is also concerned about the conservation of this species. Development of more protected areas for conservation, awareness education, implementation of wildlife laws, patrolling of officials in the breeding season, and long-term monitoring plan can help in the conservation of kalij pheasant.

...

Shambel Boki Dabi

...ameters for aquaculture purposes. In this study, parts of Guder river were divided into three streams (upper, middle, and down). From each stream, five sites were chosen. During the dry and rainy seasons, water samples were collected at a depth of 10 to 15 cm in plastic bottles from each site of three streams for laboratory study. Water quality parameters such as CO2, Chloride, and alkalinity were instantly assessed using the titration method, while water turb...

Qian Chong1, Muhammad Mohsin2*, Zhu Ting1, Chen Qiqi1 and Ana Mehak3

...ella-Tomlinson (PTM) of surplus production models (SPMs), a specialized form of DMs, were used and compared for getting the better-fitted model to draw results. SPMs were applied with the help of computer-based fishery analysis software, i.e., catch and effort data analysis (CEDA) and a stock production model incorporating covariates (ASPIC). In the principle initial portion (IP = 0.9), CEDA output showed higher values of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) (48000...

Abid Ali1*, Safia Naureen Malik3, Muhammad Akmal2, Hafeez Ullah Rafa2 and Abid Subhani3

...ndwater for agriculture purpose. A total of 565 groundwater samples were collected from farmers’ tube wells during random survey of four tehsils of Gujranwala district, i.e., Gujranwala, Kamoke, Wazirabad and Noshera Virkan. The water samples were analyzed in Soil and Water Testing Laboratory Gujranwala for electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), chloride (Cl) and sodium (Na) of the groundwater. The r...

Murat Durmuş* and Nazan Koluman

...eep and goats. For this purpose, 10 head of lambs of the Cukurova Assaf type (75% Ost-Friz + 25% Awassi) and 10 head kids of Improved Cukurova Boer type (10% Native Hair Goat + 90% Boer) were used as animal material in the experiment. Kids and lambs were housed in two different paddocks during the eight-week trial period and performance data such as feed consumption and live weight gain were recorded during the trial. Four head animals, of which closest to the...

Nadia Farooq1*, Asad Ullah1, Mussawar Shah1 and Muhammad Idrees2

... was assessed. For this purpose, 486 youth under the age group 15-29 years were randomly selected from 12 villages in district Mardan. The data were collected through a data collection instrument/ questionnaire. This study revealed that majority of the respondents was graduate, unemployed and belongs to farming families. Moreover, the majority of respondents’ families were having 8-12 acres of arable agricultural land. However, respondents were lacking v...
Faiza Ghazanfar1, Masood Rabbani1*, Aamir Ghafoor2 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3
...ensitive pathogens. The purpose of this study was to define the bactericidal action of organic acids on Campylobacter jejuni, individually and in combination. Total 120 broiler chickens were randomly distributed in ten groups. The groups included negative and positive control, pure organic acid group and commercial organic acid formulation group. Excluding negative control group, all other groups were orally challenged with 0.1 ml of the 6-Log 10 CFU/ml of the...

Zhang Yan1,2 and Muhammad Mohsin3*

...andong, China. For this purpose, fishery statistics, 2007–2018 were statistically evaluated by surplus production models (SPMs). These models were applied to data through computer-based manually operated statistical routines, viz., ASPIC (a stock production model incorporating covariates) and CEDA (catch and effort data analysis). For the principal input (IP) value of 0.9, the former software suggested a maximum sustai...

Auzair Javaid Butt, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai and Jahangir Khan

...istan in 2019. For this purpose, a total of seventy producers, twenty wholesalers and twenty retailers are randomly selected and interviewed for data collection. From the current research it can be revealed that majority of potato growers followed the same marketing channel i.e. Producer → Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer. The analysis shows that marketing-margins of potato growers, wholesalers and retailers is estimated as 31.8 percent, 24.1 pe...

Haitham Al Masruri1, Rashid Al Zeidi2, Aiman Al Mufarji3, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3, Ahmed Al-Madani4, Al-Hassan Mohammed5* 

...apeutic and nutritional purposes. The effects of using M. oleifera and its extracts on animals’ production and health have shown beneficial effects in several studies. The roles of M. oleifera and its extracts on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and enzyme activities, growth and reproductive performances, antioxidants, and milk production and composition have been well documented. M. oleifera contains valuable chemical constituents such as prot...

Husmaini1*, Sabrina1, Firda Arlina1, Linda Suhartati1, Yozella Martilova2 

... sufficient quantities. Purple sweet potato has high effectiveness against LAB growth, namely 10,771 (log10 cfu/g) with 85.34% resistance be used as a medium for LAB growth. This study aims to determine the effect of probiotics Lactococcus plantarum and Pediococcus pentasaceus using a purple sweet potato carrier on laying hen’s performance and egg quality. This study used 210 layers of medium-type laying hens, Strain ...

Tertia Delia Nova1*, Yulia Yelita2, Rizky Machicula1

...ivity of duck feed. The purpose is to propose an alternative duck feed that is affordable and environmentally friendly. Aquatic plants belong to the duckweed family which can be found in swamps, lakes, and rice fields. This feed is classified as an unconventional feed that can be used as an alternative feed ingredient for fibrous protein sources. In addition, it contains several minerals, xanthophyll pigments and -carotene which are important nutrients for duc...

Hassan A. Aidaros, Eman M. Hafez, Halla E.K. El Bahgy* 

...hich it is applied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of some disinfectants (Prophyl 2000®, G7®, Pron-Tech®, Alkadox®, and Biodine®) at different concentrations and contact times at 20, 40, 60, and 90 minutes against field isolated serotypes of E. coli, Pasteurella multocida, Campylobacter jejuni, and Staphylococcus aureus from chicken and duck farms production at a titer of 3×106 CFU (Colony Forming Unit) /c...

Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan and Urooba Pervaiz

...ign: justify;">The main purpose of the present study was to assess the training needs of the extension agents, to identify weaknesses in training programs and find obstacles in the use of computer technology which hamper the proper execution of extension services in three selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Purposive sampling technique (sample taken on certain judgments about the population or researcher chooses w...

Muhammad Waseem Akhtar1*, Khalid Mahmood Khawar2, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar3, Muhammad Rafique1, Khalid Hussain4, Sharmin Ashraf1 and Muhammad Fida Hassan1

...schinisensis). For this purpose, 8 genotypes of chickpea genotypes were taken from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad. 1 kg of each genotype was taken in plastic jars. There were three replications of each genotype for each insect. Twenty adults of dhora beetle were discharged in each container which were enclosed with muslin cloth with rubber bands. The Jars were placed at room temperature. Data of egg laying were observed after five days of rel...
Muhammad Younas1*, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Atiq2, Niaz Hussain1, Wasim Abbas3, Muhammad Azeem Khan4, Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Irshad1, Nasir Ahmad Khan2 and Muhammad Zubair5
...="text-align: justify;">Purple blotch disease is exerting a severe threat on onion production. The current study was conducted for screening of accessions against purple blotch disease and determining the source of resistance against Purple blotch disease of onion caused by Alternaria porri. Potential of 50 onion accessions was evaluated against A. porri during 2017 and 2018 under field co...

Sidrah Ashfaq1, Muhammad Nadeem1*, Muhammad Yamin1, Talha Afzal1, Muhammad Waqar Akram1, Rabia Anam1 and Ali Mehboob2

...subjected for different purposes like a thermal, synthesis of ethanol, engine running, and for fuel cell applications. An excessive amount of impurities like char, ash, tar, and particulate matter are making these syngas non-feasible for thermal or engine applications. To overcome the above-stated problem, a downdraft gasifier with cyclone separator and hybrid biomass filter was fabricated using locally available materials in the workshop of the Dept. of Farm ...

Naheed Zahra1*, Saira Batool1, Mubbashira Nazir1, Ghulam Akbar Malik2 and Iffat Batool3

...ill underestimated. The purpose of this study was to investigate women’s involvement in farming and livestock in Pothohar, particularly in rain-fed areas of Punjab, Pakistan. The research was carried out at Thatti Gujran, one of Fateh Jhang’s villages during 2018-19. The purpose of this research was to see how many female farmers contribute to farming and livestock activities. The formal survey collected data fro...

Sajjad Khan, Fahad Karim Awan*, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani, Muhammad Usama Hameed, Allah Bakhsh and Kainat Bibi

... oat cultivars. For the purpose in-vitro study was conducted at NARC fodder laboratory to study the response of two oat cultivars namely NARC and PARC Oat against drought and salinity stress. Salt concentration of 80 mmolLˉ¹ showed non-significant effect on germination % and shoot length of both oat cultivars except salt concentration of 120 mmolLˉ¹, but tolerance in NARC, Oat is higher than PARC oat. Salt concentrations positively increased root l...

Nurdan Urvaylioglu1*, Ogunc Meral1, Serkan Sayiner2, Ulvi Reha Fidanci1 and Arif Altintas1

...uman medicine for these purposes.

...
Alicja Kowalczyk1*, Inga Kowalewska-Łuczak2, Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska3*, Jesús Juan Cantalapiedra4, Joaquim Orlando Lima Cerqueira5,6 and José Pedro Pinto de Araújo5,7
...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether single nucleotide substitutions within exon 4 of the quality of AQP7 gene may affect the sperm cells of Polish Holstein-Friesian bulls. The research material was biological material (semen and blood) collected from 60 Holstein-Friesian bulls of the same age. The nucleotide substitutions analyzed are located in exon 4 of the AQP7 gene and are responsible for missense mutations. Individual gen...

Ghulam Qadar* and Khalid Nawab

... of the state. For this purpose, 250 agriculture teachers were selected from ten districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir by using sampling technique and well-structured interview schedule of 5-point likert scale was prepared in light of the study objectives. In addition, SPSS software V. 20.0 was used to analyze the research data. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) test was conducted to overcome the multidimensionality and multicollinearity issues in the data to p...

Zahin Anjum1*, Mubashra Tarana1, Shaista Ali1, Faryal Yousaf1, Amina Rahat1 and Sumbla Yousaf2

...r was also used for the purpose of phosphorus (P). However, the analysis of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) content was done through a flame photometer. It was observed that gizzard had the highest concentration of Zn (24.84mg/kg), Pb (2.25mg/kg) and Ni (2.34mg/kg) while, had lowest concentration of Cu (3.30mg/kg) Ca (8.05mg/kg) Na (74.29mg/kg), P (130.67mg/kg) and Mg (15.85mg/kg). Liver had highest concentration of Cu (7.74mg/kg) and Mg (24.23mg/kg) while lowes...

Qamar Javed Iqbal1*, Zainab Masood2, Asad Abbas3 and Sidra Munir4

... ko – Ea/RT). The purpose of this study is to produce highly epoxidized pumpkin oil which can be further utilized as raw material in polymer industry and to discuss its kinetic and thermodynamic properties. The characterization of epoxidized pumpkin seed oil was accomplished by FTIR analysis which shows peak of epoxy group at 845cm-1.

...

Nurul Isnaini1*, Ervin Kusuma Dewi Reksadinata1, Faizal Andri1, Tri Harsi2, Ida Zahidah Irfan2 

...eproductive organs. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of fresh and frozen semen quality of Aceh cattle at different ages. Three Aceh bulls were involved in this study. The semen was collected from each bull aged 6 to 10 years and the fresh and frozen semen quality was evaluated directly. The results showed that the bull age significantly affects semen volume, pH, sperm concentration, total sperm, total motile sperm, and froze...

Jie Yang1, Wenjun Zhou2, Qi Zhang2, Lei Chu2, Zhenshi Chen1, Xiajun Zhang2, Weidong Wu3*, Shaoru Zhang1* and Lihui Wang1*

...ine available. The main purpose of this study was to understand the molecular characteristics of clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae and their resistance to azithromycin (AZM) in Danyang, China. Firstly, the clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae from January 2016 to December 2020 were collected by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Secondly, the drug sensitivity of all clinical isolates was analyzed. Thir...

Samaa M Galal1, Sally Ibrahim2, Karima Mahmoud2, Ola Adel1, Aya A. Shokry3, El-Belely MS1, Ismail Sayed Taha1* 

...ring early stage of CL. Surprisingly, NO in CL homogenate was raised through early and late stages of CL. Additionally, P4 increased in mid-stage of CL. Taken together, the fine tuning between apoptotic genes (TNFα- BAX - CASP3 - FASLG - AGTR2 - and NOS2) is required for proper functions of CL in Egyptian buffaloes. Thus, it might be concluded that expression pattern of apoptotic genes is changed according to the stage of CL.

 

Keywo...

Nishim Bhusal1, Bhuwan Raj Bhatt2*, Saroj Shrestha3 and Arjun Chapagain4

... samples were collected purposively from the study area with different ages, sex, stage, and breeds for examination (sedimentation method) to visualize eggs of Fasciola microscopically. The obtained data were coded and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016. The overall prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle was found to be 15.56%. Age and sex-wise prevalence was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05), while stage and breed-wise prevalence was insignifica...

Muhammad Tariq Navid1,2*, Mian Muhammad Awais2*, Muhammad Irfan Anwar2 and Masood Akhtar2

...sence of AIVs. For this purpose, a total of 213 birds were randomly selected and from each bird sera, oro-pharyngeal and cloacal swab samples were collected in sterile containers. About 13.61% of the samples were found seropositive by using commercially available ELISA kit. The supernatants from oro-pharyngeal and cloacal swabs of the seropositive samples were separated and divided into two segments; one was used directly to detect AI viral genome through RT-P...

Ishtiaq Ahmad1*, Muhammad Nafees1, Maryam2, Irfan Ashraf3, Ambreen Maqsood4 and Muhammad Saqib5 

...n consumption. For this purpose, common drying methods viz., sun drying, shade drying and oven drying were applied on freshly harvested black and white mulberry fruits to evaluate the significant drying method with minimal nutritional losses. The fruit samples were collected from mulberry plants growing at the experimental area, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Analysis of variance showed significant effect of drying methods on fruit quality of ...

Mahmut Islamoglu

...2020 and 2021. For this purpose; air temperature, soil temperature, humidity, soil moisture and photoperiod values were recorded with the HOBO device in the overwintering sites. According to the findings; The migration of Sunn pest showed positive or negative correlations with air temperature, soil temperature, humidity, soil moisture and photoperiod, respectively. According to the results of the multiple regression analysis, it was determined that the equatio...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Naila Chand1 and Muhammad Tahir2

...ht for the experimental purpose and reared up to 40 weeks of age. All birds were divided into 4 groups with 4 replicate per group containing 10 birds per replicate and offered the corn-soybean meal diet with soybean hull (3,%, 6 %, and 9 %) respectively. Results showed that during all phases, feed intake and weight gain were (P<0.05) higher in the control group, while feed conversion ratio (FCR) was non-significant among all groups. Water intake during phas...
Thobela Louis Tyasi*, Innocent Mokhwee Mohlabeng and Lebelo Joyceline Selala
...on of rams for breeding purposes.

...

Neni Widaningsih1,2*, Budi Hartono2, Hari Dwi Utami2, Eni Siti Rohaeni3 

...n carried out includes; purposive sampling and accidental sampling techniques with the main respondents, namely breeders, collecting merchants, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers. The number of respondents in this study was 135 persons. Methods of data analysis carried out include; qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis is intended to find out the characteristics of marketing institutions, and the marketing channels of buffalo ...

Hams M.A. Mohamed1*, Katreen K.G.2, M.W. Abd Al-Azeem1, Faysal A. Wasel2, Ahmed M. Abd-Eldayem3 

...lence determinants, the purpose of this study is to discuss the presence of Listeria species in raw milk. In total, 150 samples of raw milk from vendors and nearby dairy farms in Sohag, Egypt, were collected. The samples underwent a bacteriological investigation. The results showed that 22 out of 150 samples had Listeria spp. contamination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the Listeria iap gene identified 13 of the 22 isolates that were reported as bioche...

Phan Truong Khanh* and Tran Thi Hong Ngoc

...production. The overall purpose of the study is planning of irrigation scheduling, it requires information of precise quantity of water needed by crop in a certain set of meteorological condition of the region. Moreover, determination of water requirement for crop is a first stage in the design, operation and planning of irrigation schemes to ensure adequate water is available to meet agricultural needs. In this work we use the FAO-Penman-Monteith Evapotranspi...

Lopamudra Samantaray*, Yashaswi Nayak 

...sential oils (EOs). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of phytobiotic EOs on laying hen performance, physical characteristics, and egg cholesterol content. A total of 280 birds aged 70 days were enrolled in the study, which included seven experimental diets supplemented with EOs of black pepper, turmeric, and fennel at rates of 0%, 1%, and mixed diet at 0.5%. Hen-day egg production, feed efficiency, egg volume, and shell weight were signific...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Rizwan2,3*, Tanveer Ahmad4, Muhammad Kashif5, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ali6, Asghar Abbas7, Safder Imran8, Sidra Saher9, Syeda Fakhra Waheed10

...ld conditions. For this purpose, study area was all tehsils of district Khushab and study population were all domestic animals. Diseases were diagnosed based on history of diseased animal, signs and symptoms, post-mortem findings, biochemical, and cultural characterization. Occurrence of significant trans-boundary animal diseases (TADs) was highlighted by adopting special parameters of participatory disease surveillance (PDS). Data analysis showed that FMD, th...

Hafiz Husnain Nawaz1*, Ayesha Ahsan2, Amir Afzal1, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Muhammad Jan1, Kashif Ali1, Muhammad Arsalan1 and Rizwan Latif3

...commercial and culinary purposes.

...
Emel Hulya Yukseloglu1, Fatma Cavus Yonar1*, Omer Karatas1, Gulten Rayimoglu1, Faruk Asicioglu1, Elif Canpolat1, Onur Ozturk2 and Itir Erkan3
...s New Roman";">The purpose of this study was to identify paternity relations and increase the likelihood success in DNA identification of biological samples found in mass disasters and criminal events by using the 6-dye GlobalFilerTM amplification kit with 21 autosomal STR loci in our laboratory for validation purpose and routine use. In this regard, swab samples from different regions of Turkey (n=350) were ...
Ahmad Zaman, Azhar Rafique*, Farhat Jabeen and Tayyaba Sultana
...bundant, 7 species i.e. purple sunbird, bank myna, The white wagtail, baya weaver, laughing dove, Rofous tail lark and Greater coucal were very common, 23 species were common, 27 species were fairly common, 15 species were uncommon, 5 species were rare while black francolin was single infrequent species. A total of 268013 individual birds were observed from seven selected sampling sites. There was a highly significant difference (P<0.01) in the diversity an...

Sumreen Begum, Atta-ur-Rahman and Asmat Salim*

...ve to regeneration. The purpose of this study is to analyze systematic identification of genes with respect to nephron lineage and pluripotency during postnatal renal development and at adult stage of rat kidney. In the current study, the mRNA levels of nephron genes were analyzed by reverse transcriptase PCR in neonatal and adult rat kidney tissues. These genes were divided into three categories. Group 1: renal multipotent progenitor genes; Group 2: self-rene...

Ghazala Nasreen1, Ali Hussain2, Komal Tayyab1, Muhammad Rashid3 and Sumaira Aslam1*

...in this study. For this purpose, the fingerlings of C. idella were fed on different concentrations of bioflocs bacteria enriched on banana peels) under different diet treatments for a period of 50 days. The diet treatments devised in this study were, T1 (bioflocs only with zero water exchange), T2 (bioflocs only with 10 % weekly water exchange), T3 (bioflocs + 50 % commercial diet and with zero water exchange) and T4 (bioflocs + 50 % commercial diet and with 1...

Muhammad Azam1*, Shaista Naz1*, Malik Muhammad Shafi2, Muhammad Jamil Afridi3 and Ahmad Waheed4

...hwa, Pakistan. For this purpose, the data were collected from 180 farm household heads through an interview schedule. In addition, the food consumption data of households were collected on weekly basis. The dietary intake method was used for the assessment of farm households’ food security by using of 2450 kcal/Day/AE. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, frequencies, and percentages were the main-statistical techniques for data analysis. ...

S. Samina and Y.I. Erum†

...ncy, Pakistan. For this purpose, surveys were conducted and 150 samples of root and soil were collected from different locations of Kurram Agency. The detail morphological and taxonomical studies revealed a total of 26 species of plant parasitic nematodes belong to 17 genera, 13 families, 15 subfamilies and 3 orders while free-living soil nematodes revealed a total of 21 genera, 17 families and 8 orders. Overall percentage of plant parasitic and free-living ne...

H. M. Hassan† and S. A. Ibrahim

...gic smart significantly surpassed other insecticides causing the mortality of 11.6 and 13.8 % to the entomopathogenic nematodes S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora, respectively as compared to Coragen that caused slight mortality, 2.5 and 4.4%, respectively and did not differ significantly than the check. Nomolt and Ekio caused 5.4 and 8.8 % mortality of S. carpocapsae as well as 8.8 and 12.0 % to H. bacteriophora, respectively. These results show that the tes...

Muhammad Nadeem1*, Aneeta Rehman1, Masooma Munir1*, Hira Fatima2, Faiqa Malik1, Aqsa Iqbal1 and Alaiha Asif3

...pplementation. For this purpose, water chestnut powder and date paste were used in different proportion. These bars were analyzed for physico-chemical, microbial and sensory analysis characteristics. The proximate analysis of date bars supplemented with water chestnut indicated that the moisture, crude protein, fat, fiber, ash and NFE contents for treatments ranges from 5.45-7.27%, 4.02-5.25%, 1.77-2.81%, 1.48-2.97%, 1.28-1.93% and 82.69-83.09%, respectively. ...

Farhana Binte Zalal, Prodip Kumar Sarkar*, Mahbuba Sultana, M H Kawsar, Swapon Kumar Fouzder 

...oody hen for incubation purposes. The hatching egg weight was 37.3 g with egg hatchability of 87.9%. We found a significantly low body weight of broody hens after egg incubation. A high percentage of farmers (42%) preferred the spring season compared to the summer and rainy seasons to incubate eggs. For the selection of broody hens, 66.7% of farmers preferred hens aged 1-2 years. We did not find noticeable significant differences in parameters among the three ...

Rukhsana Anwar1*, Ammara Abd-Us-Sattar1, Afifa Noor2, Kanwal Ashiq1,3 and Shah Jahan4 

...S-transferase. For this purpose, different cytochrome (CYP450) modulators were selected to determine pharmacokinetic interactions. Cimetidine, rifampicin, dexamethasone, and tamoxifen were selected as CYP450 modulators. In a sub-acute in vivo study, 200 mg/kg BW of both extracts were orally administered once daily for 19 days to different groups of rats. CYP modulators were administered to respective groups for last 5 consecutive days. Real-time PCR analysis o...

A. Yu. Aliev1*, A.A., Aliev1, A.M. Musaev1, M.Z. Magomedov2 

...mation of a well-formed purple jelly-like clot (moderate to dense) of in the milk samples, which was partially (+) or entirely (++) of thrown of out the from the hole in plate with stirring. On the plate, with a negative reaction (-), the mixture of milk and the indicator remained homogeneous, pale raspberry colored, with a dubious (+) - it contained traces of the formation of the color of raspberry jelly. To detect latent mastitis in sheep, we proposed ...

Muhammad Humayun Kabir* and Md. Saiful Islam

...ing. A multistage (both purposive and random) sampling method was applied to select the study location as well as the sampling unit (farmer/household head). Data were collected from randomly selected 336 farmers of Dhamrai Upazila (sub-district) under Dhaka district, Bangladesh using a face-to-face interview survey. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were also conducted to cross-verify the collected data. The data were analyzed using some common descriptive statis...

Ayaz Ahmed1*, Muhammad Zulfiqar1 and Saadutullah Khan2

...f mountainous people of purposively selected two districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa namely Swat and Mansehra. From these districts six villages were selected purposively and from those villages sample size of 321 households was selected randomly. In the study areas majority (45%) of sample households had 5 to 10 family members which indicated joint family system. Literacy status in study areas was very low (30%). Sayed, Swati, ...

M.M. Mikailov1*, O. Yu. Chernykh2, E.A. Yanikova1, G.A. Nurlygayanova3, O.D. Sklyarov4 

...ges after infection and surpasses the results of most other serological methods. Data from comparative serological studies of cattle blood serum in RNGA, ELISA, RA, RSK, RBP and RID with O-PS, confirmed the specificity of the tests and high sensitivity of RNGA with brucellosis erythrocyte antigen 

...

Mutia Rizkia Shaffira, Nurhayati, Dwi Desmiyeni Putri* 

...8.56%). 

...

Esam A Razin1, Hassan Sobhy2, Tarek R. AboElnaga1, Asmaa A. Darwish1*, Rasha S. Mohammed1

...vansi in vivo. For this purpose, 28 parasite-free female rats were used, seven non-infected (control group (CG)), while the others were intraperitoneally injected with T. evansi and then equally divided into Trypanosoma Group (TG): which remained without treatment. Diminazene aceturate group (DAG): injected with Diminazene aceturate (3.5mg/kg) at 0, 14th, and 28th days. Basil group (BG): treated with essential oil of basil (850μL/kg) at 0, 14th, and 28th da...

Hasnain Raza1,2, Qun Liu1*, Muhammad Tariq Hanif2 and Yanan Han1

...measures for management purposes. To do so, we used two newly developed Catch-based Monte Carlo method of estimating MSY (CMSY) and the Bayesian state-space Schaefer production model (BSM) based on the catch and effort time series data from (1993-2017) from the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), Pakistan. The five major fish species of commercial importance exploited by heterogeneous fishing fleets in the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of Pakistan have been undertak...

Imdad Hussain Soomro1, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Naeem Rajput1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2,6*, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani3, Raza Ali Mangi4, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi5, Sheva Dhari6, Abdul Wahid Solangi6 and Zoya Parveen Soomro

...ity, Tandojam. For this purpose, twelve Tapri male goat kids of six months age were purchased from local market and divided into two groups, each group contains six kids. (Group A was fed with fresh maize grass and Group B was fed with maize feeding silage). After completion of 2 months trail results was collected and analyzed. The result for weekly weight gain statistical analysis showed that non-significant (P≥0.05) difference between groups from 1st to 4...

Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Luqman1*, Sheer Abbas2, Usman Saleem1, Abdul-Gafar Ahmed3 and Muhammad Salman Aslam1

...ity life and economical purposes basically cause climate change. We can observe change in climate easily by increasing temperature and irregular pattern of rains. Agriculture and climate have strong relation with each other. So, the agriculture should develop continuously with ever growing population. However, crop productivity of major cereal crops is adversely affected due to weather changing conditions. Farmers have not appropriate resources to recover thes...

Abdirahman Barre*, Karanja D Njuguna, Bebora Lilly Caroline and George Chege Gitao

...daab and Balambale were purposefully recruited based on presence of camel slaughterhouses and accessibility. A hundred and sixty (160) camels were selected from 238 presented during the visits based on clinical manifestations suggestive of Brucellosis obtained upon ante-mortem examination and clinical history from owners. Sero-prevallance determination that involved the blood collection from the jugular and screening serum for attendance of Brucella antibodies...
 
 SAIMA AFTAB1, ATTIA HAMID1, MAHJBEEN2, JAVERIA TARIQ2, ZULQURNAIN ALI2, ASMA ZAFAR2* 
...urther used for various purposes. From this work, it is clear that the maximum ethanol production is obtained from the apples. S. cerevisiae strain was used for the maximum conversion of sugar contents of apple extracts into ethanol. Different parameters like incubation time, temperature, pH and Inoculum size were optimized to get the maximum ethanol production that can be increased after further studies and proved to be a beneficial candidate for diffe...
 
 SAIMA AFTAB1, ATTIA HAMID1, MAHJBEEN2, JAVERIA TARIQ2, ZULQURNAIN ALI2, ASMA ZAFAR2* 
...urther used for various purposes. From this work, it is clear that the maximum ethanol production is obtained from the apples. S. cerevisiae strain was used for the maximum conversion of sugar contents of apple extracts into ethanol. Different parameters like incubation time, temperature, pH and Inoculum size were optimized to get the maximum ethanol production that can be increased after further studies and proved to be a beneficial candidate for diffe...

Gulzhan Kalenovna Mussayeva1*, Alikhan Meldebekovich Meldebekov2, Nurgul Alikhanovna Meldebekova2, Gulshat Imanzhankyzy Shaykamal1, Batyrkhan Azimkhanovich Buralkhiyev2, Nurkuisa Mirzabekovich Rametov3 and Kanat Zhumanov4

...cial use. For the given purposes it is recommended to use such bulls of the Wis Burke Ideal line whose average milk productivity exceeds that of their coevals and the breed standard and simultaneously allows to keep productive longevity and reproductive ability. The results obtained in the course of research indicate the influence of such genotypic factor as ‘lineage’ on the productive longevity of Holstein cows. The most longevity and highly produ...

Safaa Rhaimi1, Sara Brikat2, Mouloud Lamtai2*, Mohammed Ouhssine1

...ral nervous system. The Purpose of this study is to investigate the acute toxicity of salvia officinalis essential oil in female Wistar rats, and to explore the antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects and memory enhancing of the safe dose of this essential oil. In this experiment, salvia officinalis essential oil was administered once by oral gavage to four groups of female Wistar rats (n=6) at three different doses; 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/kg. During 1...

Hussein Jabar Jasim1*, Amer Murhum Al-Amery2

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Zingiber officinale methanolic extracts on eggs of Fasciola spp. to both positive (Albendazole) and negative (chlorine-free water) control groups in vitro. Microscopic examination of the treated Fasciola spp. eggs with ginger methanolic extract revealed that the various concentrations of Z. officinale methanolic extract used in our study were highly sensitive to it and that their activ...

Hasanain Jihad Neamah 

...ng cooling storage. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of adding an aqueous prickly pear extract (PPE) in ram semen on sperm parameters during cooling storage. Three levels of PPE were added to the diluted ram semen (PPE1=5mg +Tris extender, PPE2=10 mg +Tris extender, and PPE3=30 mg +Tris extender), and compared with control group (Tris extender without addition of PPE). Motility of sperm, hypo osmotic swelling test (HOS-Test), and dead sperm percent...

Ahmad Jupri1*, Yuliana Vofi2, Faturrahman2, Immy Suci Rohyani1, Ernawati1, Bulkaini3, Djoko Kisworo3, Wardatul Jannah4 

...esearch method used was purposive sampling with sampling carried out at three points: the spring, the main reservoir, and the residents’ reservoir. The Coliform test was carried out using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method and Escherichia coli (E. coli) identification using Kirby Bauer. The results of this study indicate that the coliform MPN test from the spring sample obtained the highest value in the paddy field, spring, and house sample of 4,050...

Saad Zaghlou El-Damrawy1, Reda Ali Hassan2*, Ahmed Maher Bakhaty1, Adel M. Nasr2, El-Sayed A. Abu El-Hassan2  

...loride. 

...

Wuritunashun*, Burenbatu, Narenqiqige, Jiuguniang, Eerdunduleng, Shuanglian Wang, Cuiqin Gong, Hashengaowa, Huizhi Jin, Baiwurihan and Chunhaizi

...ch–Schönlein Purpura (HSP), also known as immunoglobulin A vasculitis, is an immune disorder that is predominantly seen in children (8–20/100000 each year) worldwide. It is characterized by inflammation and bleeding of tiny blood vessels in the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys. The most distinctive characteristic of this type of vasculitis is a purple rash that often affects the thighs and buttocks. The...

Adel B. Salama and Reham M. Sabry*

...ainly grown as a single purpose plant for its flowers or recently for its seeds, whereas information for calendula cultivation for both flowers or petals and seed production is very scarce. A field study was conducted on two seasons to evaluate the effect of petal harvesting on flower heads fresh and dry weights, monthly and cumulative number of flower heads/plant, seed yield, fixed oil percentage and fatty acid analysis of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis)...

Muhammad Mohsin Abbas1*, Sajjad Ur Rahman1, Muhammad Abubakar2, Muhammad Imran Arshad1 and Khurram Ashfaq3

...jab, Pakistan, with the purpose to determine the prevalence of FMD virus serotypes Asia 1, O and A in bovines. A total of 838 bovine sera samples were tested through Solid phase competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SPC-ELISA), based on structural proteins at the National Veterinary Laboratory (NVL), Islamabad from 10 January 2021 to 09 January 2022. The overall bovine population was carrying maximum seroprevalence of serotype O (28.52%) followed by s...

Fatimah Mohammed Alsarawi1*, Azharia Abdelbagi Elbushra1,2 and Ishtiag Faroug Abdalla1,3

...nment import bills. The purpose of this research was to analyze the performance of food security indicators of poultry meat during the period 2005-2020 in Saudi Arabia. In addition, it assessed the relationship between poultry meat consumption and macroeconomic indicators during the period 1980-2020. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag model was employed to estimate the short-run and long-run relationships between domestic consumption of poultry meat and Gross ...

Rameez Raja Kaleri1,2*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri1, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi3, Raza Ali Mangi4, Muhammad Anees Memon5, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani6, Aimal Khan Kasi7, Mansoor Ahmed Gopang1, Abdul Wahid Solangi1, Sheva Dair1 and Mudasar Khosa1

...f Baluchistan. For this purpose, we have observed Thoracic T and lumber L vertebrae variation by removing carcass from 3 randomly selected male animals of each breed. We have observed seven vertebrae variation in both sheep breeds from T-12 to T-14, L-5 to L-7 and T-11 to T-12, L-4 to L-6 in Balochi and Harnai breed, respectively. The thoracic and lumber vertebrae which possess more number in Balochi sheep as compared with Harnai breed has produced more amount...

Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Kashif Afzal2, Muhammad Luqman1*, Tahir Munir Butt3, Muhammad Yaseen1 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1

...helum, and Attock) were purposively selected due to the maximum number of olive growers. The olive growers’ list with a minimum of 50 plants was collected from the Department of Agriculture (Extension). A total sample size of 310 farmers was selected through a purposive sampling procedure by using Morgan and Krejcie table as the total population (Olive growers in the targeted research areas) is 1500. Data were collecte...

Edwin Ormachea V1,2*, Bilo Calsin C1,2, Eyner Aguilar S3, Buenaventura Ormachea V4, Henry Gonzales C1, Yecenia M. Masias G5

...heir genes for breeding purposes as well as to meet future needs. The objective of the study was to determine the analysis of principal components for morphological characteristics in Creole sheep. A population of 380 sheep classified by age was used and body weight data and the following morphological measurements were recorded: Head length; Head width; Head depth; Ear length; Ear width; Neck length; Neck perimeter; Height at the withers; Longitudinal body di...

Muhammad Mukhtar1*, Lely Ummi Wakhidah2,Mohammad Zubair Hippy3 

...estock. 

...

Indira Jurinskaya1*, Tynyshtyk Kenzhebaeva2, Kairat Iskakov3, Bekzat Niyazbekov1 

...br />  

...

Winda Sartika1*, Budi Hartono2, Hari Dwi Utami2, Lilik Eka Radiati2 

...stry with raw beef, and purposive and accidental sampling on the supply chain institutions involved in rendang production. The research respondents comprised 61 respondents from the rendang industry, including suppliers of raw materials, distributors, and consumers of rendang with qualitative and quantitative descriptive data analysis. The results of the study show that the resilience of the beef rendang industry during and after the Covid-19 pandemic caused g...

Muhammad Usman Shafi1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1*, Tiyyabah Khan2, Waheed Anwar2, Adnan Akhter2 and Muhammad Zubair3

...on the environment. The purpose of this survey was to check the knowledge about pesticide uses, risks and storage among farmers in Lahore division of Punjab, Pakistan. And, to get knowledge from farmers regarding local knowledge system (LKS) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Most of respondents 97% (out of total 250) were male and 28% were between the ages of 26-45 years. Thirteen percent respondents had acquired education up to secondary level, and 92% re...
Muhammad Zahid Rashid1, Amina1*, Hafiz Wasif Javaad2, Muhammad Asim Rashid3 and Amina Rashid3
...uality of date palm for purpose of chance seedlings development. This research experiment was arranged at Progeny orchard of Horticultural Research Institute, Faisalabad during the year 2019-2021.The research was designed according to Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with eighteen treatments having four replicates. The documented data was statistically assessed by using analysis of variance and means of treatments were compared by employing LSD test. ...

Md Tariqul Islam1,5 *, Aditya Chowdhury Avi1,5, Md Saiful Bari2,5, Most Rebeka Sultana Swapna Khandoker3, Homaira Pervin Heema4, Goutam Buddha Das1 

...ize production but have surplus potato production.  

...

Achmad Firman1*, Sondi Kuswaryan1, Lilis Nurlina1, Muhamad Hasan Hadiana1, Marina Sulistyati1, Unang Yunasaf1, Dwi Cipto Budinuryanto2, Iman Trisman3

...SIKOMANDAN program. The purpose of the study was to assess the program performance through several aspects, such as the number of frozen semen distribution, the number of cow acceptors, the number of cow pregnancies, the service per conception rate, the number of calf’s birth, and the economic impact. Data collected by Directorate General of Livestock and Health (DGLH) was for five years. The Key Performance Indicators utilized to analyze the program per...

Saba Yasin, Kausar Imran, Komal Mukhtar, Muhammad Amir Iqbal and Nabila Roohi*

...in this study. For this purpose, 25 healthy male controls and 25 male painters were selected from Lahore, Pakistan. Unpaired Student “t” test was applied to analyse the parameters for statistical interpretation. There was significant increase in Alanine Aminotransferae (ALT), Alanine Phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin in painters as compared to control group. However, Aspartate Aminotransferae (AST) was mildly increased in painters. Creatinine a...

Abdul Zahir1*, Asad Ullah1, Muhammad Jawad1 and Syed Attaullah Shah2

...were assessed. For this purpose, 466 farmers were randomly selected through a multi stage stratified random sampling technique from three irrigation sections in District Malakand, District Charsadda, and District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). This study revealed that majority of the respondents did not attend formal school, cultivated 5–12.5 acres arable land (small farmers), and had moderate monthly family incomes (PRS 21000–50000). However, th...

Amina Rahat1, Zahin Anjum1*, Sehlina Zehra2, Fatima Umal Baneen3 and Rabia Chishti1

...lly since ages for many purposes. It is extensively used in numerous dishes throughout the world and due to its aromatic nature, as a fragrance and Plantago ovata is traditionally used for many therapeutic purposes; laxative anti-acidic stabliser, stomach soothing, diuretic; and it is also anticancerous. Nigela sativa is used for jaundice, paralysis, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistant syndrome, and high level of cholester...

Monis Hussain Shah1*, Riaz Ur Rehman2, Riaz Ali Shah1, Farwa Batool3, Rizwan Rafique4, Muhammad Usman5, Sajida Bibi6, Sadia Yasin7 and Samida Qamar8

...tivation for commercial purposes as well. The evaluation of exotic varieties are very important for recommendation to local farmers for better yield. Four tulip varieties cv. Antarctica, Oxford, Ballerina and Apeldoorn were purchased for evaluation. The 100 bulbs of each variety were planted in the bed. The performance of the plants during 2017-18 were judged by observing the bulb germination percentage, leaf width (cm), leaf length (cm), scape length (cm), fl...

Dalia M. Amin1*, Noha Mohammed Halloull1, Walaa E. Omar2, Basma A. Ibrahim2, Nahla M. Ibrahim1 

...enal failure. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how erlotinib and garcinia cambogia alleviate the harmful effects of adenine on the rat’s kidneys. Methods: Forty animals were divided into four groups: Control group: received normal vehicle, adenine group: received orally (50 mg/kg/day) that is subdivided into 3 groups: adenine group, garcinia cambogia (GC) group: received orally GC (200 mg/kg/day)+adenine, and erlotinib (E) g...
Umer Farooq1,2, Nimra Murtaza2, Abubakar Siddique1, Bilal Saleem1, Obaid Ur Rehman1, Nageen Zahra1, Muhammad Uzair1, Muhammad Naeem Riaz1,3* and Muhammad Ramzan Khan1*
...s of Pakistan. For this purpose, genomic data of four different purpose cattle breeds including Bhagnari, Cholistani, Sahiwal and Red Sindhi was analyzed. Comparison with taurine reference genome ARS-UCD.1.2.99 discovered 29,032,662 genomic variations of which 25,469,157 were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 3,563,505 were Insertion/Deletions (InDels). Functional annotation identifies 122,943 missense SNPs that may...

Abiyu Tadele 1,2*, Gebreyohannes Berhane2, Wondmeneh Esatu3

... exotic Tetra H, a dual-purpose genotype that was imported from Hungary. Data were collected from 168 hens of the three genotypes kept under intensive management for 20 weeks. The Tetra H genotype had significantly greater (p < 0.05) body weight, feed consumption, hen-housed egg production, egg mass, and a lower (better) feed conversion ratio than the other genotypes. Similarly, the naked-neck chicken genotype outperformed the normal-feathered chicken in te...

Atef M. El-Sagheer1*, Aline F. Barros2, El-Sayed M. Abd El-Aal3, Mohamed M. Gad4, Doaa S. Mahmoud4 and Amr M. El-Marzoky3

...nd Meloidogyne spp. the purpose of this study is mainly to clarify the pathogenic effects of both nematodes (Radopholus similis and Meloidogyne incognita, alone or in combination), as a histological modification in root tissues under natural conditions of banana cultivation. R. similis was observed in the cortical parenchyma as a feeding site, and for the first time, the feeding site extended to the vascular cylinder. In roots infested with M. incognita only, ...

Farooq Jan1*, Abdur Rauf1, Ikramullah Khan1, Muhammad Yasin2, Muhammad Qayash3, Hazrat Wali1, Muhammad Luqman1, Fayaz Asad4 and Muhammad Khalid5

... in Islamabad. For this purpose, three years data (2009-2011) of pollen concentration and meteorological parameters have been used. Pollen concentration in the atmosphere has been measured using RotoRod sampler. Many plants pollen are allergenic that cause different types of allergenic diseases globally. Pakistan also faces the problem of pollen allergy caused by various plants pollen. Among these allergenic pollen producing plants are Broussonetia papyrifera,...

Karamat Shah1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Zaib Ullah2*, Rashid Ali Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1, Naveed Akhtar2 and Muhammad Naeem Awan3

...hwa, Pakistan. For this purpose, 22 villages were selected in and around the park where the population of the wildlife was high. For the study purpose, questionnaire based survey and interview were conducted. In the study area, 300 questionaire were distributed through which the opinion of the respondent was taken by asking 13 different questions like crop damage, livestock depredation, season and months of damage, and peopl...

Lianci He1, Dingxi Bai2, Chenxi Wu2, Yizhu Zhong2, Shi Chen2, Xinru Bao2, Jing Gao2*, Chaoming Hou2*

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this study was to study the effect of Shenxian congee (SXC) in rats with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) on NF-κB signalling pathway and the expression of related factors. To reveal the relevant signal transduction mechanism in the treatment of CFS. Seventy two male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 12 rats in each group. Namely: control group (CON), low dose Shenxian Congee group (SXC-L), medium dose Shen...

Maryam Beheshti1, Mohammad Reza Taheriyan2*, Sikander Shahzad3, Memoona Siddique4, He Tianwei5, Muhammad Farooq5*, Huzaifa Kashif6 and Naila Ilyas7*

... of using this oil. The purpose of this study was to examine the fatty acid profile, oxidative stability, and their effect on hematological and cholesterol tests in the rat diet of soybean, hemp, and palm olein. In this study, oxidative stability and the peroxide and iodine index were done as chemical tests, and the components of each were then identified and measured using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Rats were separated into 5 groups of 8 and give...
Maria Azam1, Tahir Mahmood Qureshi1, Saddam Hussain2, Amjad Islam Aqib3*, Shanza Rauf Khan4, Kashif Akram1, Misbah Ijaz5, Maheen Murtaza6, Afshan Muneer6 and Sammina Mahmood7
...ical mastitis using the purposive sampling technique. Following Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, S.aureus was identified and antibiotic susceptibility was tested using clinical laboratory and standard institute guidelines. On the other hand, resistant strains were put to antibacterial testing assay against metallic nanoparticles both by well diffusion and broth microdilution method. To analyze the data, both probability and non-probability ...

Yao Xixi1, Zhou Rui2* and Ma Yinshan3

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of phenological phases on forage nutrient composition, rumen fermentation parameters and content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk of grazing yak. In this study, 10 female Gannan yaks with an average body weight of 234.9±10.5 kg were selected for research purpose (natural grazing) in Gannan Pastoral Area of Gansu Province. The forage, rumen ...

Ni Putu Sarini1*, I Gde Suranjaya1, I Gusti Agung Arta Putra1, I Wayan Suarna1, Lindawati Doloksaribu1, I Ketut Puja2, I Ketut Gde Natakesuma3, I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Rai Mulyawan4 

... and coat colors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the genetic variations of the MC1R gene in 10 Bali cattle reared in Bali Province which have aberrant color patterns. Blood samples were taken from the 10 Bali cattle consisting of three having normal coat color patterns, three albino, two injin, and two poleng. The blood samples were extracted using a commercial kit and the MC1R gene was then amplified by using a forward primer 5’ AGT TGA GC...

Afifatul H.A. Adilah1, Junun Sartohadi2* and Suci Handayani1

...ny people for different purposes of income generation. The differences in canopy characteristics between the two plants significantly affect the production of runoff. Field evidence is needed to support it as a suitable plant for soil and water conservation efforts. The study was conducted using a field survey method equipped with soil characteristic measurements in the laboratory. The data collection process began with a study of the landscape of the research...

Rameez Raja Kaleri1,2*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri1, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro5, Raza Ali Mangi3, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4, Deepsh Kumar Bhuptani6, Sher Muhammad Khosa1, Abdul Wahid Solangi1, Ayaz Ali Lashari7 and Sheva Dari1

...ando Allahyar. For this purpose, total 470 birds with 240 male and 230 females were brought under the study. Their phenotypic characteristics were collected thorough observing by the researchers from different UCs of district Tando Allahyar. The data regarding quantitative traits were observed using the measuring tap mentioned in the (FAO) manual. The findings of our study 86.69% out of the 470 birds recorded with normal feather pattern. The common color of sh...

Jaisy Aghniarahim Putritamara1*, MB Hariyono1, Budi Hartono1, Hery Toiba2, Hamidah Nayati Utami3, Moh. Shadiqur Rahman2, Tina Sri Purwanti1

...people selected using a purposive method. The first inclusion criterion is running a micro, small, or medium enterprise (MSME) in the beekeeping industry (with business sizes determined based on the number of workers, assets, and turnover as stipulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 of 2008 concerning MSMEs. The second criterion is having been in business for at least ten years. The findings show that IC mediates CKM in achieving CA. There are ...

Satya Fahriani1, Hadri Latif2*, Herwin Pisestyani2, Zhang Shuqi3, Suyanto Chen3

... (SFHs) collected using purposive sampling. Two SFH from Sanggau District, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Two SFH from Pekanbaru City, Riau, Indonesia. 12 pieces of samples were not heated, while the other 12 pieces were heated at retort temperature. The sample’s nitrite level was measured using a spectrophotometer, while the rehydration capacity was measured by soaking in aquabides for 3 hours. Data were analyzed using paired T test. The average n...

Muhammad Nasir Bhaya1,2* and Hikmet Keles2

...was evaluated. For this purpose, 24 rats were divided into four groups, control, CP, CP+EA50, and CP+EA75. Histopathological examination of kidneys revealed hyperemia, epithelial degeneration, swelling, cystic dilatation and luminal proteinaceous material in tubuli, congested and hypercellular glomeruli and also inflammatory cells infiltration in the cortical and medullary area in CP group. Significant decrease of pathological lesions was found in CP+EA groups...

Sumei Zeng and Yong Zhang*

...d poultry industry. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank IOT applications in dairy cattle industry productivity with a multi-criteria decision making approach and using the Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method. Evaluation indicators were selected by theme analysis method based on the opinion of managers working in industries that are using IOT. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and is...

Irtaza Hussain1, Muti ur Rehman Khan1*, Asim Aslam1, Masood Rabbani2 and Ahsan Anjum1

...no of animals. For this purpose, serum samples from 350 goats and 91 sheep were collected on the 20th day post-infection for detection of antibodies, and essential information related to potential risk factors was collected through a questionnaire from fourteen districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Serologically positive samples were processed through PCR for confirmation using scab samples by identifying the GIF/IL-2 gene. This study found an overall 13.2% seropreva...
Nabila Rasheed1, Shumaila Usman2*, Madeeha Sadiq3, Bushra Wasim3, Kanwal Haneef4, Hafsa Shafqat3, Tabinda Urooj3 and Saman Rashid4
 
...ed for the regenerative purpose after improving the proliferation rate of the cells.

...

Deny Anjelus Iyai1*, Ambo Ako2, Sitti Nurani Siradjuddin2, Budiman Nohong2 

...and. The study area was purposively selected from 9 districts (subdistricts) as many as 4 districts (44.44%). Withdrawal of grass clippings is done using a quadrant measuring 1 x 1 m2. Quadrant laying is done diagonally in a land area of ​​100 m2. Dominance Index, Species abundance using Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index, Similarity index, Species richness). The number of plant families identified was 751 families spread over 4 districts, with 890 species of ...

Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan2, Karim Gabol2*, Muhammad Awais3,4, Mohammad Ismail1, Sajid Mahmood1, Muhammad Aslam4 and Hamidullah5

... revealed that the main purpose of trading and hunting of waterhen includes hunting for entertainment purpose, high economic value of waterhen meat in black market, use as a food item and medicine and game hunting. The local politicians, criminal groups and village headmen provide cover to hunters and traders that enable them to continue illegal trade in black market. The ground survey shows that waterhen is facing extreme t...

Ali A. M. Al-Kuhla1*, Yaman S. Fadhil1, Saffanah K. Mahmood2 

...ere slaughtered for the purpose of histological examination. Tissue sections were obtained from the small intestine, then the villi length, width, surface area of villi, and the crypt depth were measured. Results demonstrated a significant (P<0.05) increase in the body weight of the birds in response to the dietary malic and acetic acids, while there were no significant differences in the rate of weight gain, the amount of feed consumed, and the feed conver...

Muhammad Hussain1, Yasir Ali2*, Baber Iqbal1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal1, Salman Ahmad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif2, Muhammad Saeed1 and Muhammad Jawad Yousaf1

...ustainability. For this purpose, screening of 42 different wheat varieties and advanced lines was conducted at the Research area of Plant Pathology Research Institute, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute Faisalabad, during 3rd week of November 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 crop seasons. To monitor the changes of rust virulence pattern in the region, a set of rust trap nurseries consisting of 21 stripe (Yr) and 36 leaf rust (Lr) lines were grown in the Research Area ...

Jemi Diporianto1,4, Denny Widaya Lukman2*, Yusuf Ridwan3 

...eased for feed and food purposes, making it challenging to control the movement of wild boar meat for trade. Wild boars are more likely to transmit Trichinella spp. than domestic pigs due to the lack of animal health monitoring in wildlife. This study aimed to assess the risk of introducing Trichinella spp. in wild boar meat transportation from Bengkulu Province to Java Island through Bakauheni Port, Lampung Province. The study was conducted from October to De...

Amistu KU1,2*, Monahan FJ2, Wims P2, Yonatan KY1 , Fahey AG2, Takele TA3 

...ecologies were selected purposively based on their higher potential for beef cattle fattening and marketing. A cross-sectional study design was used to obtain data from local cattle fattening farmers (n=306) using a semi-structured questionnaire. The majority (94.4%) of respondents depend on the mixed crop-livestock farming activity as a source of income. The major feed resources for beef cattle fattening during the dry season are Desho grass (30.7%), hay (15....

Mahmood Davoodi-Omam, Hossein Mansoori Yarahmadi*, Jafar Fakhraei and Mehdi Changizi

...e of broilers. For this purpose, 540 one-day-old male broilers of Ross 308 strain were grown in a 3×3 factorial experiment with three levels of Globacid (0, 0.5, and 1 mL/L) and three levels of feed restriction intensity (0, 10, and 20%) in a completely randomized design with 9 experimental treatments, 6 replicates with 10 chickens in each replicate up to 42 days of age. The group containing Globacid (1 mL/L) and the restriction intensity of 10% had the ...

Nadeem Akmal1, Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Yousaf2, Waqar Akhtar1 and Hassnain Shah1

... is based on data of 46 purposively selected farmers for the crop season 2021, including 30 and 16 farmers of Basmati-386 and Basmati-Super, respectively. Cost comparison of the crop produced through mechanical and conventional manual transplanting techniques revealed that costs of raising the nursery and its transplanting through mechanical method are higher than conventional sowing method by 13.55 percent and 2.33 percent, in case of Basmati Super and Basmat...

Bdour Muhammed Al-Shweily1*, Jawad Bulbul Al-Zaidawi2, Muhammed Jubair Hanawi1 

...e of the treated larvae surpassed that of the treated pupae at identical concentrations of fungi and nematodes, implying that larvae exhibit greater sensitivity and responsiveness to biological control measures compared to pupae, which benefit from partial protection due to their cocoon enclosure, mitigating the impact of external influences. 

...

Frah Razzaq Kbyeh1, Ahmed N. Abedsalih2* 

... were collected for the purpose of isolation and diagnosis resist.E. coli 0157:H7 two hundred urine samples were collected from adult women patients suffering from UTIs during a period from February 2022 to July 2022 in Diwaniyah city Iraq . All urine samples were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24-48 hrs on blood agar, MacConkey agar as well as biochemical tests identified special media and the isolates. The isolates were confirmed and diagnosed by Vit...

Olabode, H.O.K1, Mailafia, S1, Martha Echioda-Ogbole1*, Ameh, J.A1, Amadi, K.I1 and Meseko C.A

... is still endemic. This purposive sero-surviellance study was conducted to detect the presence of AI antibodies in chickens and AI appraisal of poultry farmers’ knowledge, attitude and practice in Abuja Municipal Area Council, Nigeria. One hundred (100) blood samples collected randomly post slaughter from chickens in live bird markets were screened and characterized using Agar Gel Immuno Diffusion and Haemagglutination Inhibition Tests at the Avian Influ...

Muhammad Haseeb Malik2, Muhammad Moaeen-ud-Din1*, Ghazal Kaukab Raja2 and Feroza Hamid Wattoo2

...iwal breed for breeding purpose in public as well as private semen production units. The present study was designed to develop standard molecular markers for Sahiwal to ascertain their purity for breeding purpose. In this study 50 and 48 unrelated males were sampled for each Sahiwal and Crossbred cattle respectively. Candidate molecular markers present in Sahiwal but absent in Crossbred and vice versa were detected using amp...
Skorykh Larisa Nikolayevna1*, Fominova Irina Olegovna1, Kovalenko Dmitriy Vadimovich1, Skokova Antonina Vladimirovna1, Dmitrik Irina Ivanovna1, Kizilova Natalia Igorevna2 and Violeta Caro Petrovic3
...eds. Based on this, the purpose of this research was to study the polymorphism of the CAST and GH genes in meat and wool sheep of the ½ Poll Dorset x ½ North Caucasian meat - wool genotype bred in the Stavropol Territory (Russia) and their influence on the traits of meat productivity. Genotyping of sheep for somatotropin and calpastatin genes was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with further study of restriction fragment length poly...

Komal Mukhtar*, Saba Yasin, Husna Ahmad, Muhammad Amir Iqbal and Nabila Roohi

...investigation. For this purpose, 20 healthy controls and 25 male painters in the age range of 23-65 years, persistently engaged in domestic painting were approached. Unpaired student t-test was used for statistical analysis. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in RBC in the painters as compared to the control group. Red cell indices such as HGB, HCT, MCH and MCHC were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in painters. On the contrary, PLT, MPV, WBC, L...
FARZANA SIDDIQUE*1, NAZIMA FIRDOSE2, MUHAMMAD ARSHAD2, WARDAH HASSAN2
& SHAFAAT YAR KHAN2
...s application. For this purpose, raw cow
milk samples from citrus plantation zone in district Sargodha were
collected and analyzed for the presence of deltamethrin and malathion
pesticides using HPLC technique. Results showed that 100 % of milk
samples were contaminated with pesticide residues. Maximum
concentration of malathion (0.72±0.02 μg/kg) and deltamethrin (0.75±0.04

SHEZA AYAZ KHILJI1* ZAHOOR AHMAD SAJID2 & SONIA GHULAM BARI1

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of heavy metals on proteins, chlorophyll content and growth of Eichhornia crassipes L. in different concentrations of industrial effluents of district Shiekhupura. Eichhornia crassipes was grown for 15, 30 and 45 days in different concentrations of the industrial effluents (5, 10, 15, 20 and 100%) prepared with tap water. All physico-chemical parameters in the different concentrations of ...

MUHAMMAD ASLAM*, ASAD GULZAR, AMINA ASGHAR, MISBAH IRSHAD, ZAHRA NOREEN, SADAF JAVAID, ABRAR HUSSAIN, UMAIR AHMAD & SAMREEN KOUSAR

...dustries.
...

Salam N. Aritonang*, Elly Roza, Rizqan, Winda Habsani 

...and survey methods with purposive sampling techniques for determining the research location. We observed variables such as body weight, chest circumference, body length, and shoulder height. Data analysis was carried out descriptively based on arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variance. The result showed that the body weights of male and female buffalo crosses at <6, 7−12, 13−18, and 19−24 months were 210.26 and 196.4...

Muhammad Syarif Djaya1, Osfar Sjofjan2, Hartutik Hartutik2, Irfan Hadji Djunaidi2 

...ducks.  

...

Zainab Sattar Ali* , Safa Azhar Razzaq , Layla Hammody Hashem 

...pecimen of testes for a purpose pathohistology study and assessed the percentage of DNA fragmentation. The current study observed damage in this sperms DNA and alteration of histopathological section. In addition reduction the levels of testosterone, inhibin b, FSH and LH hormones in group that ingestion BTSeNPs comparing the remnant groups, also been noted this reduction in above hormones getting worse with time progresses of experimental. In group4 show the ...

Hazrat Usman1, Shakeel Ahmad2*, Salah Uddin3, Humaira Wasila3 and Yasser Durrani4

...king and other domestic purposes to reduce the associated health risks.

...

Jyotsana Shakkarpude1*, Aditya Mishra2, Deepika D. Caesar2, R.K. Sharma3, Anand Kumar Jain2, Sanju Mandal2, Rajesh Kumar Vandre4, Danveer S. Yadav5, Bhavna Ahirwar6 and C.P. Solanki6

...alus bubalis). For this purpose, a total of 18 postpartum Murrah buffaloes were randomly divided into control, low betaine and high betaine groups supplemented with betaine @ 50 g/animal/day and 100 g/animal/day respectively from day 5 postpartum and was continued up to 4 months postpartum. 5ml of blood sample was collected from animal for analysis of superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, HSP70, albumin/globulin ratio and immunoglobin G. The overal...

Getulio A. Barcenas Jr.1* and Luisa Marie I. Barcenas2 

...flowers for pollination purposes, and ethrel or paclobutrazol improved pistillate flowers for enhanced fruit production. 

...

Waseef Ullah Khan*, Yasser Durrani and Muhammad Ayub

...OLE can serve as a dual-purpose solution, acting as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial preservative for refrigerated mango OLE blend.

...

Sajid Mehmood Shahzad

...n use Seaweeds for many purposes, such as food, medicine, cosmetics, and industrial processes. Several types of aromatic and cosmetic Seaweeds used in the cosmetics industry may be found off the coast of Pakistan. Pakistan generated $1.94 million in 2020 as the 57th-highest exporter of Seaweeds, locust beans, and related items. Five-year projections for Pakistan (2016–2020) suggest considerable expansion, with a cumulative $8.36 million in trade volume. ...

Moazzam Baig*, Sohaib Ahmed and Arz Muhammad Umrani

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that a variety of socioeconomic factors have an impact on the district Sherani due to overall forest degradation. Because in the study area there is a very low level of literacy, most people are not aware that deforestation that contributes to a number of issues, including soil erosion and flooding, which in turn trigger other natural phenomena and specifically the destruction of natural resources...

Retno Setyaningsih1, Sri Murtini2*, I Wayan Teguh Wibawan2, Surachmi Setiyaningsih2, Ekowati Handharyani3

...d faeces were collected purposively from seroconverted rabbits which showed no clinical signs of RHDV. Samples assayed with commercial ELISA Kit using DAS Technique. The informations (age, sex, breed) of antibody titers against RHDV from previous study is used for samples profiling. The results showed all samples negative for RHDV antigen with average value ±0.04 (positive cut off >0.334). Seroconversion of RHDV from all seven villages where most ser...

Abir Ishtiaq1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Maria Younas1, Tasveer Ishtiaq1, Zara Naeem3 and Muhammad Naeem4*

...dition factor. For this purpose, twenty-eight samples of H. nobilis, of different body size were procured from a private fish farm, for analysis of body composition parameters’ variables in relation to body size and condition factor. Mean body weight and total length was measured and condition factor of farmed collected fish was calculated as 556.45±28.24 g, 34.78±0.60 cm and 1.30±0.02, respectively. On wet weight basis, mean percent...

Muhammad Mukhtar*, Syamsul Bahri, Syahruddin 

...phant grass (Pennisetum Purpureum). This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. The study treatment was liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from various manufactured products, namely Genetic-plus and Bio-love, and as a comparison, LOF Bio-urine produced from the biogas process. The research treatment is as follows: T0 = Without using LOF (Control); T1 = Using LOF Genetics-plus; T2 = Using LOF Bio-love; T3 = Using L...

Dwi Desmiyeni Putri1*, Nurhayati1, Intan Kamilia Habsari1, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari2 

...lates.  

...

Waqas Ahmad*, Muhammad Naeem

...etic diversity. For the purpose of identification 15 specimens of N. notopterus were collected from Satluj, Ravi, Indus, Jehlum and Chenab rivers of Pakistan and barcoded with mitochondrial COI gene. BLAST analysis confirmed 100% identity of Notopterus notopterus with reference sequences belonging to NCBI GenBank database. Genetic diversity was analysed by using PCR amplification of 75 specimens of N. notopterus with five RAPD markers. RAPD markers data indica...

Frah R Kbyeh1*, Ahmed N. Abedsalih2 

...reases the cure rate. Repurposing Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications against the contributing factors is a novel method to overcome this scarcity. The analgesic medication diclofenac was reported to have anti-virulence action against resistance Escherichia coli O157 :H7. This study aimed to demonstrate the antimicrobial effect of diclofenac, Ciprofloxacin, and a combination (diclofenac +ciprofloxacin) against clinical resistance E coli o15...

Fatemeh Beheshti1, Maliheh Safavi2, Mohammad Reza Akbari Eidgahi1,3, Parviz Kokhaei4, Mehdi Vazirian5 and  Ali Akbar Shabani1,3*

... agents is growing. The purpose of this study is to determine the antioxidant capacity of Ipomoea purpurea leaves that grows in Iran as well as the chemical composition of the leaves. Thus, using in vitro established procedures, the antioxidant capacity of organic and aqueous extracts of I. purpurea leaves was assessed. Further, the ethanol and chloroform extracts of I. p

Zain Ali1, Amjed Ali1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Muhammad Asif1, Adnan Ashraf1, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Iram Inayat2, Aneela Nijabat3 and Rameez Hussain3,4

... forage when there is a surplus of it during the growing season, and to preserve forage that cannot be grazed. The experiment was carried out at research area, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha to evaluate the combined effect of sunflower and maize crop for the quality production of silage for enhancing the growth and production in the animals. Six maize hybrids were used along with the sunflower, tree were twelve treatment...

Saboor Naeem and Amjad Usman*

...des orbonalis. For this purpose, seven commercially available brinjal genotypes viz. Nutech Seeds, Durga Seeds, F1 Hybrid Brinjal, Brinjal Malni, Bharat Kaveri F1, Advanta 303 and Black long were tested for resistance/ susceptibility against L. orbonalis in spring and autumn brinjal crop under natural field conditions during 2020, Experiment was carried out under randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that none of the tested...

Rana Mahmood Ahmad*, Orooba M.S. Ibrahim 

...meter and SEM. For this purpose, eighteen adult male rats 200 ± 50 g at six months of age will be randomly divided into three groups, each containing six rats. Groups 2 and 3 were treated daily for 14 days from the day of Freund’s adjuvant injection with SaZnONPs and piroxicam at doses 2.5 and 5 mg/kg B.W., respectively, while (Group 1) was positive control. Blood samples were obtained using cardiac puncture at three time points during the experim...

Ismail Demircioglu1, Yasin Demiraslan2, Barıs Can Güzel3*, Ali Koçyigit4 and Aysegül Demircioglu5

... their crania. For this purpose, heads of 7 adult Hamdani sheep and 10 adult Awassi sheep were used for the dorsal analysis of cranium and heads of 8 adult Hamdani and 9 adult Awassi sheep were used for lateral analysis of cranium. In the dorsal and lateral comparison of the breeds, the first principal component (PC1) explained 41.905% and 39.078% of the total shape difference, respectively. When the procrustes coordinates were examined, it was found that the ...

Anas M. S. Al-Haj Afandi*, Ahmed H. F. AL-Bayati 

...aced by host tissue the purpose of the present study was designed to assess the efficacy of acellular bovine tunica vaginalis and caprine acellular dermal matrix clinically and macroscopically, in reconstructing abdominal walls defects in Iraqi bucks. In 18 Iraqi bucks, ventro-lateral abdominal walls hernias measuring (6x6)cm were induced experimentally. Thirty days after creation of hernias, the animals were split randomly into two main equal groups (9 Bucks/...
Zhi Qiang Gao*, Dan Dan Zhang, Qin Gmei Qin, Xiu Xiu Li, Li Li, Yan Zhong Xue and Shifeng Guo
... was explored. For this purpose, brain tissue samples were collected from 40 patients diagnosed with glioneuronal tumors (GNTs), including 25 cases of gangliogliomas (GGs) and 15 cases of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNTs). Then, the DNA of GNTs tissues was extracted, and the PSEN1 E280A mutation was detected by sequencing. Finally, the correlation of PSEN1 E280A mutation with clinical characteristics was analyzed. PSEN1 E280A mutation was detected...

Adnan Ibrahim Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa S. Ali3 and Anwer Thamer Ghaffoori2

...to collect data for the purpose of the study. It contained two main axes. The first axis contains areas (9) for developing the skills of rural youth, paragraph (69) and the second axis contains problems and obstacles that hinder the work of agricultural projects. I was one paragraph. After data collection, results were analyzed and presented using a statistical program (SPSS). The study showed that small-scale farming projects have significantly and effectivel...

Merita Ayu Indrianti1,2*, Didi Rukmana3, Eymal Bahsar Demmallino3, Muh. Hatta Jamil3

... Gorontalo Regency. The purpose of this research is to find out how to implement the LP2B policy in the Gorontalo Regency. This research used qualitative methods with a literature study approach supported by data from the Head of the Gorontalo District Agriculture Office as key informants. The results of this study indicate that the Gorontalo regency government currently has a regional regulation (PERDA) No. 2 of 2017 which regulates LP2B protection program, h...
Naila Amjad1, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1*, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2, Shafaat Yar Khan1 and Sania Waliat1
... insecticides. For this purpose, adult M. domestica populations were collected from five different localities of Sargodha division (Sargodha, Khushab, Jauharabad, Mianwali, and Bhakkar), Punjab, Pakistan, and tested against selected insecticides. The resistance ratios (RR) at LC50 ranged from 10.32-35.37 folds for deltamethrin, 17.49-38.13 folds for fipronil, and 10.70-18.81 folds for chlorpyrifos. The RR values at LC50 for imidacloprid and pyriproxyfen ranged...
Muhammad Fiaz Qamar1*, Tahir Hussain1, Iram Liaqat2, Madiha Kiran1, Abdur Rahman Ansari3, Faiza Yasmeen1 and Tahira Batool3
...province, Pakistan. The purpose of the present study was the determination of the prevalence of gut parasites in domestic pigeons through routine laboratory methods in district Jhang. Fresh fecal samples (n = 1800) of pigeons were gathered in plastic bags from district Jhang home fanciers and local retailers. Smearing, sedimentation, and flotation procedures were among the various parasitological methods used to analyze all of the samples that were gathered. H...
Kanwal Nisa1, Sadia Roshan1, Shazia Shamas1,2*, Raheela Atta Mustafa3, Shamaila Irum1, Kalsoom Sughra4 and Memoona Iqbal1 
...ne-height: normal;">The purpose of the present study is to detect the association between the levels of testosterone with prostate cancer patients by the evaluation of a tumor marker Prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Prevalence was recorded in Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Blood samples of normal and prostate cancer males were taken from Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Information including age, marital status, smoking, Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), testosterone, and ...

Turrini Yudiarti*, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Endang Widiastuti, Hanny Indrat Wahyuni, Tri Agus Sartono, Maulana Hamonangan Nasution

...nt and growth. Monascus purpureus is a fungus that has a potential and is commonly used in medicine. They produce many secondary metabolites that has been shown improve the nutritional quality, antibacterial properties and antioxidant activity.The obyective of this study was to see how adding the fermented product of the fungus Monascus purpureus as a feed additive affected to physiological parameters, intestine microbial po...

Madbouly*, H.M.; Saif**, M.A. and Hussein* , A.S.

...nt as curcuma longa The surprising immuno-stimulatory effect of curcuma is in the induction of protection level 80% in treated but not NDV vaccinated group which equivalent to that group vaccinated with NDV vaccine only and not treated. From the obtained results we recommend the use of curcuma longa powder in poultry rations for enhancing the immune response against either field infection or vaccination.

...

SHARAW11'2*S S. S. A.; AL-HOFUFY2, A. N. and AL-BLOW12, M. H.

... samples for diagnostic purposes. In disease management contexts, until now, a little have been described for the molecular detection of camel pox virus (CPV). This study reports the development of a Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of CPV using SYBR green I chemistry. A total of 15 specimens from camels suspected of being infected with CPV were collected from Riyadh Province during 2009 and submitted for virological investigation at ...

Seham A. El-Zeedy1, Dalia A. Abd El-Moaty1, H. A. Hussein2 and M. A. Shalaby2

...to T) and 911 (G to A). Surprisingly Giza/2000 shared the unique a.a residue at position 254 (Gly to Ser) with the American Var A. Del E and GLS. Giza/2000 isolate showed 9 nucleotide differences with 3 a.a substitution at positions 220Phe, 254Ser, and 321Thr from the Egyptian isolate at 1989 (K406/89) giving indication that circulating IBD viruses in Egypt still undergoing mutations.

...

Huda M. Hamid1, Fadia W. Al-Azawi2* and Zaid F. Makki3

...water use for different purposes and the strategies’ development to deal with water scarcity and drought. The analysis of hydrology characteristics in Iraqi dams has been conducted using remote sensing techniques and GIS. Due to its arid to semi-arid climate, limited water resources, and growing population, Iraq is facing significant challenges in managing water resources. Dams play a crucial role in managing the country’s water resources through s...

Rana Mohammed Ibrahim1*, Haider Mohammed Ali Al-Rubaie2

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this study was to detect the infection by Leucocytozoon spp. parasite in broiler chickens by using thin blood smears Nested and quantitative real time (qRT)- Polymerase Chain Reaction methods in Baghdad city between 1/11/ 2021 and 31/3/2022. Fifty jugular venous blood samples (about 5ml) were collected. The total infection rate of Leucocytozoon spp. in the blood smears was 10% (5/50), which divided into males 6% and in female...

Sulake Fadhil Al-Zubaidi1*, Ghusoon A.A. Alneamah2, Ali Saleh Mahdi1, Abdulraheem Abduljalil Wali3

...ra in bitches. For this purpose, the study was conducted in a private clinic and veterinary hospital in Baghdad. The study included seventeen different breeds bitches. The ages of bitches range from 12-132 months with an average of 38 months. Bitches are diagnosed with pyometra (open and closed) depending on clinical signs, ultrasound, and complete blood count (CBC). Bitches were allocated into four groups: Group I: five bitches received only Aglepristone (Ali...

Makmun1, Imam Mujahidin Fahmid2, Muhammad Saleh S. Ali2*, Muhammad Yamin Saud2, Rahmadanih3

...lecting informants uses purposive sampling of farmers and the Animal Husbandry Department of Blitar Regency. The study’s findings indicated that actors involved in the laying hen farming business were small farmers, medium farmers, large farmers, farmer groups, poultry shops, the Animal Husbandry Department, Ministry of Agriculture-Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health, feed/medicine companies, egg collectors/middlemen, local traders, inter-...

Zurmiati1*, Ade Trisna2, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli1, Yelsi Listiana Dewi3, Ulvi Fitri Handayani4, Wizna1 

...me from feed costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 administration as a probiotic on growing male Bayang duck performance. A randomized design was used in this study. The probiotic Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 was included in drinking water of male Bayang ducks at different doses (0, 76x106, 69x108, 65x1010, 53x1012 CFU/ml), and each of these five treatment was replicated four times. Feed intake, body weigh...

Tarek Refaay, E.A. Elshafiee, Hayam A. Mansour and Maha A. Sabry*

 

...ties in Egypt. For this purpose, 648 samples including raw chicken meat, cooked chicken meat, raw beef meat, cooked beef meat, food handlers and equipment swabs were collected from 54 food outlets in some touristic cities in Egypt. E. coli O157 was 1.1% (7/648) and 1.2% (5/432) in all examined samples and food samples respectively. Cooked chicken samples were the most contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 with an overall prevalence of 1.9% (2/108). The highest pre...

Tabinda Nowsheen1, Sayed Wadood Ali Shah2, Ali Hazrat1*, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar4 and Muhammad Ajmal Khan3

... of herbs for medicinal purposes has trace back to ancient times. The current study was conducted with aim, to assess the phytochemicals, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of the methanolic crude extract of leaves, stem, and roots of Artemisia maritime. The phytochemical screening of A. maritime leaves, stem and roots extract indicates the existence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics steroids and carbohydrates but deficient of protei...

Sena’a M. Hussein1,2, Raffal A. Omar3* 

... local anesthetics. The purpose of this study was to assessment the effect of single and repeated lumbosacral injection of liposome carrying lidocaine in comparison with lidocaine hydrochloride. A total of 24 male local breed dogs were divided randomly into the lidocaine group that received 4.5 mg/Kg of 2% lidocaine and liposome group which received the same dose of lidocaine carried by liposome. Pinprick and spinal reflex tests were evaluated each minute for ...

Nasir Shah1,4, Muhammad Ibrahim1*, Zarnosh Habib2, Kalsoom3 and Zahir Shah4

...0.5%) were used for the purpose. Firstly, the artificial diet of fruit flies was subjected to these treatments, while on the other hand chikoo fruits which were used for flies to settle on, were dipped in same concentrations of these plant extracts, and dried under shade and exposed to peach fruit flies for feeding for 15 days. All the three plants exhibited insect repelling potential but these had no significant difference from each other, while A. indica sho...

Siqiang Li1,2, Tiantian Wang1, Peng Sun1, Airong Gao1, Xin Gong1, Yuanhong Xu2, Baogen Wang2, Jun Wu1* and Bo Liu1*

...DS I in vitro. For this purpose a Pichia pastoris strain GS115 harboring a recombinant MDS I derived from Trichoderma reesei was constructed via conventional molecular cloning methods, and expressed in a 5-liter fermentation tank. The target protein was purified in three-step purification and identified by peptide mass of fingerprint. The enzymatic activity and optimal reaction conditions of MDS I were detected using DNA sequencer-assisted fluorophore-assisted...

Rehana Shahida1, Shagufta Naz1*, Tasnim Farasat1, Saima Sharif1, Shah Jahan2 and Farkhanda Manzoor1

... inflammation. The main purpose of this study is to find the impact of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and thrombomodulin on vascular damage in the patients having impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to identify the relationship of IL-6 with insulin resistance. The patients visiting Amin Hayat Memorial Diabetic Center, Lahore from (January 2017 to October 2017) the subjects following WHO criteria of IGT and Diabetes were included. Demographic parameters as age, body mas...

Noor A. Namaa*, Hayder A.N. Al-Zamely

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of Ginseng extract and Ginseng nanoparticles on the level of total protein in testicular tissues utilizing the two assays of Western blotting and Bicinchonic Acid. A total of 60 Wister rats were chosen, prepared, and divided equally into three groups: T1, T2, and negative control, which received only distilled water daily and no other treatment. T1 was given a daily dose of (500 mg/kg) of...

Mahmoud Hamouda1*, Ahmed Al-Jazzar1, Fahad Al-Hizab1, Ahmed Azab2, Mohamed Al-Hammadi3

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this study is to establish that certain uterine disorders may play a significant role in female buffalo infertility. A total of 340 reproductive tracts of female buffaloes have a previous history of infertility was collected from different farms in Egypt through the period of two years. Uteri have been visually and manually inspected as well as examined bacteriologically and histologically. Several uterine lesions either exte...

Xin-yu Han1,2, Afrasyab Khan1,2, Ali Raza Jahejo1,2, Qian-qing Cheng1,2, Meng-li Qiao1,2, Raza Ali Mangi1,2, Muhammad Farhan Qadir1,2, Ding Zhang1,2, Ying Wang1,2, Yu-hai Bi1,3, Rui-wen Fan1,2 and Wen-xia Tian1,2

...ycoplasma synoviae. The purpose of the current in-vitro study was to determine the chicken erythrocytes interaction with M. synoviae using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The mRNA gene expression of TLR1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15, MHC I, II, and MyD88 in M. synoviae infected chicken erythrocytes was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) at four different time intervals (0, 2, 6 and 10 h) post-infection and compared to uninfected controls. Th...

Ruth Dameria Haloho1*, Jisril Palayukan1, Agus Setiadi2, Edy Rianto2, Nadlirotun Luthfi3

...ations were selected by purposive random sampling for the highest population of buffalo. One hundred buffalo farmers were taken as respondents by a multistage random sampling method. The data were obtained by observation and direct interviews the farmers. The data was analysed descriptively and quantitatively. The study showed that there are two kinds of buffalo in West Sulawesi, the first one is the expensive buffalo and raised by intensive system. The expens...

M. Imran Kasana, Rashid Iqbal Khan*, Noor Ullah Khan, M. Noman, Shahid Ali, Saima Mumtaz, Shamaila Rasheed and M. Qamar-Uz-Zaman

...s, NARC-Feurte and NARC-Purple give the best outcomes. 

...

Yaseen1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Maryam Begum3, Sumbal Bibi3, Umber3, Namra3, Abbas Khan4, Shumaila Gul5 and Raheela Taj6

...griculture and domestic purposes. Despite beneficial effect, these pesticides when released into the environment lead to induced toxicity in a large number of non-target organisms. Some of these are non-biodegradable and are persistently present in environment leading to environmental pollution. These chemicals eventually reach aquatic bodies and cause various histopathological, hematological, bio-chemical and enzymatic alterations in the bodies of aquatic org...

Aniqa Qaisar, Shabana Naz* and Sajida Arooj

... Park Murree). For that purpose, Surface soil, deep soil, water, fecal and feed samples were collected as indicators to estimate the heavy metals pollution in the environment of captive P. cristatus. Cr. Pb, Ni, Co and Mn were identified through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The highest accumulation of heavy metals was found in feed samples followed by fecal matter as compared to water and soil samples in all the sites. Cr was found highly abundant in a...

Urip Rosani1*, Iman Hernaman1, Rahmat Hidayat1, Darmawan Hidayat2

...esh (<0.595 mm). The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between ultrasonic parameters (attenuation and velocity) and the nutrient content (crude fiber and lignin) of rice bran containing different rice husks. Based on the results of research, there is a strong relationship between ultrasonic parameters and the nutrient content of rice bran containing various rice husks. The positive correlation between attenuation with crude fibre is 0.9...

MUHAMMAD ASLAM1*, ZAHRA NOREEN2, AMINA ASGHAR1, ABRAR HUSSAIN2, RASHAD MEHMOOD3, MUHAMMAD USMAN KHAN4, KAYNAT SALEEM5, MUHAMMAD TAHIR HUSSAIN6* & ASMA CHAUDHARY7

...text-align: justify;">A surprising synthesis of 3-acetyl-6-chloro-2-methyl-4-phenylquinoline has been attained through convenient and efficient one-pot condensation of 3-chlorobenzophenone and acetylacetone. Its structure was elucidated by spectral data, X-ray diffraction studies and also investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Optimized geometry was obtained by performing DFT calculations at B3LYP level of theory and 6311+G (d,p) basis set. Fronti...

ZOHAIB SAEED1, SHAHID IQBAL*1, UMER YOUNAS1,2, MUHAMMAD PERVAIZ*3, SYED MOHSIN ALI NAQVI3 & RANA RASHAD MAHMOOD KHAN3

...xploited for the useful purposes in a controlled manner.

...
ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1*, KAFEEL AHMAD1, KHALID NAWAZ2, MUHAMMAD NADEEM3, ASMA ASHFAQ1,
BABAR MUNIR1, HAFSA MEMOONA3, MADIHA SANA3, FARZANA SHAHEEN1, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD4, HIRA MUQADAS4, MAHPARA SHEZADI5, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA6, HUMAYUN BASHIR1,
MUDASRA MUNIR1, ILKER UGULU7 & YUNUS DOGAN7
...stewater for irrigation purpose. Ramzan sugar mill industry located at Chiniot discharges high amount of effluent which is used by farmers for irrigation purpose. Current experiment was conducted in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan to assess the level of different heavy metals such as Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in wheat variety (Chagi-4) irrigated with varying quantity of sugar industry effluent. The water, soil and wheat grain samples wer...

AAMIR MAHMOOD1, ZAHOOR AHMAD SAJID* & SHEZA AYAZ KHILJI2

...r salt stress. For this purpose salinity effect on various morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of plants was analyzed by launching a petri dish and pot experiment. The analysis spread out in a totally block design (randomized) with ten replicates for each salt (0 and 120 mM NaCl) and SA (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1mM) treatment. The commercially available cultivar (cv. Faisal) of maize was planted in earthen pots for 15 days. After fifteen days of growth, se...
MAIMOONA KANWAL, MUBASHAR HUSSAIN*, ZAHEER ABBAS1, SHAKIL AHMAD KHAN2, FATIMA
ZAFAR & RIZWANKHURSHEED2
...racticed for commercial purpose in different parts of Pakistan by rural masses as a cottage industry. Silk seed improvement through importation is one of the key initiative towards popularising and ameliorating silk production in Pakistan. The performance of Bulgarian race of silkworm reared on local mulberry supplemented with vitamins(Band C) in addition to amino acids (Alanine and Glycine) was evaluated at24 - 28 ○C and 70± 5 % RH dur...

MUHAMMAD JAVAID AFZAL*1, FARAH JAVAID2, MUHAMMAD WASEEM ASHRAF3, SHAHZADI TAYYABA4, MAMOONA ASHIQ5 & AYESHA AKHTAR5

... as a dominant and multipurpose technology. It can deal with many new customs to discover biomedical procedures with new bio-physical characteristics of the living cells.

...

MUJIBUR RAHMAN1, MUHAMMAD AYAZ KHAN1*, WISAL SHAH1 & ALIA NAZ1

...pa (Shalgham). For that purpose, soil and B. rapa samples were collected from primary, secondary, tertiary roadside fields and control site. The samples were investigated for Cd and Pb presence via atomic absorption spectrometer (PerkinElmer, AAS-PEA-700). The Cd concentrations in soil ranged from 2.55 to 4.35 with mean value 3.31 mg/kg, 3 to 8.85 with mean value 5.41 mg/kg, 3.15 to 5.55 with mean value 4.9 mg/kg and 2.45 to 5.25 with mean value 3.93 mg/kg on ...

MUBEEN RIAZ1, KIRAN ZAHID1, SUMAIRA ASLAM CHOHAN1, MUHAMMAD ASHFAQ*2, MUHAMMAD ALI2, RIFFAT SIDDIQUE1, NUDRAT ANEES1 & FARAH KHAN1

...amplification. For this purpose a total of seven primers viz, OPH_01_F, OPH_01_R, OPH_01_RC, OPI_05_R, OPI_05_RC, OPG_10 and OPC_06 were used. PCR amplification was followed by gel electrophoresis (1.2% agarose gel) and visualized by UV light, which revealed the presence of monomorphic and polymorphic bands in the amplified products. During this analysis, two primers (OPH_01_F and OPH_01_RC) produced a total of 10 bands. Six of the bands were monomorphic i.e. ...

KOUSAR PERVEEN1*, MUHAMMAD AFZAL1, SANA SEHAR1 & SYED AMIR GILANI2

....e., Pakistan. For this purpose, current study conducts semi-structured interviews of registered nurses of a public sector hospital. This study selects nurses as unit of analysis because patients deal the most with nursing staff during their stay in the hospital. The findings of current study revealed that nursing staff have comprehensive understanding of a compassionate care behaviour. Nursing staff actively pursue to provide compassionate care to patients in...

UMER YOUNAS, SHAHID IQBAL* & JAMSHED AKBAR

...ce methodology. For the purpose, oven dried samples were further extracted using methanol under different sets of extraction conditions (microwave intensity and extraction time). A central composite design was employed to determine the optimum conditions for the maximum recovery of antioxidant components from leaf matrix. Significant effects of different extraction conditions were recorded on recovery of antioxidant components and radical scavenging potential....

Bela Putra1*, Budi Prasetya2

...apier grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mot) cultivated in acidic soil, with a focus on its macro-mineral content and rumen fluid characteristics. The research findings focus on the impact of gamma radiation solely on macro minerals and rumen fluids, enhancing our insights into innovative approaches for improving livestock nutrition in regions with prevalent acidic soils. The experiment involved the application of various gamma radiation doses (0, 5, 10, 15, 20,...

Ngoc Tan Nguyen1*, Thi Tuong Vi Trang1, Thi Thuy Tien Nguyen2, Tuan Thanh Hoang2, Duc Thoa Nguyen2

...ve traits of color dual-purpose VLV hens. Egg production parameters were recorded as age at first egg (AFE; days), body weight at first egg (BWFE; gram/bird), mean egg weight (MEW; gram), and accumulated number of eggs (ANE) up to 38 weeks of age. DNA collected from the wing vein at 38 weeks of age was extracted from whole blood samples of 393 VLV chickens. The 24 bp indel/PRL target gene was amplified by PCR and the product was separated by electrophoresis on...

Firda Arlina1*, Mangku Mundana1, Linda Suhartati1, Agmelia Jasfaria2

...g was carried out using purposive sampling. The parameters observed were qualitative and quantitative phenotypes. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that the qualitative variety of the Randah Batu Kokok Balenggek chicken reared by the Kokok Balenggek chicken Farmers in Solok Regency, West Sumatra, based on the Biriang color of 48.33%, the yellow/white color of the beak and shank of 96.67%, and Rantak Gumaran...

Waseem Abbas, Imtiaz Ahmed* and Imran Khan 

...ional profile. For this purpose, three composite test breads (CWB) were prepared by incorporating chamomile and wild thyme at an equal proportion of 1, 2 and 3%. Proximate analyses of wheat flour, chamomile powder, thyme powder, a mixture of chamomile and wild thyme at the ratio of 1:1, control bread (CB) and composite test bread samples were performed using standard methods. In-vitro starch digestibility and total starch were determined by Megazyme starch ass...
Fahad Shahzad1, Muhammad Tahir1, Abdul Hafeez2, Muhammad Shuaib2*, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair2, Abdul Jabbar3, Abubakar Sufyan4, Muhammad Aamir Khan5, Muhammad Ayaz5, Hameed Ullah5 and Hammad Ullah5
...t utilization. For this purpose, 3 proteins and 2 protease levels were arranged in a 3x2 factorial design and each group was divided into 4 replicates of 10 chicks each. All parameters were calculated significantly different. The interaction effect of (P21.5) and enzyme gave the highest feed intake and weight gain value among all the interactions. The highest crude protein was noted for protein level (P19.5) and maximum crude protein was obtained with enzyme t...

Muhammad Usman1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nasir Mehmood2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3

...positive dogs. For this purpose, twenty-four dogs of different breeds were used in the study. These dogs were found Borrelia positive on PCR and equally divided into four groups (n=6). Group A was treated with doxycycline @ 10mg/Kg, B with azithromycin @ 20mg/Kg and C with clindamycin @ 11mg/Kg, and D with amoxicillin @2mg/Kg. All drugs were administered orally in different forms, i.e., tablet, capsule, or suspension as per the availability. Five clinical biom...

Zuhair Dardona1,2, Adnan Al-Hindi3, Mohamed Hafidi1, Ali Boumezzough1 and Samia Boussaa1,4*

...CR techniques. For this purpose, 60 red meat samples were collected from butcheries in Gaza city, during the period from January to March 2021. These samples were divided evenly between beef and mutton. This study found that beef is devoid of T. gondii, whether tested using ELISA or PCR. On the contrary, both approaches detected T. gondii in mutton; however, the percentage of positive samples reported differed. For example, whereas T. gondii was detected in 14...

Shishir Sharma1*, Suk Bahadur Gurung2, Ritesh Kumar Yadav1, Bibek Phulara1 and Laxmi Prasad Joshi1

...lines for hybridization purposes utilizing principal component analysis and Ward’s clustering. Correlation assessment revealed a negative relationship between disease parameters and grain yield. According to the principal component analysis, three of the nine main components were significant (eigenvalues > 1) and accounted for 44.60%, 15.30%, and 13.60%, respectively of the total variance. PC1 comprised parameters including percent disease index (PDI)...

Iqra Munir*, Farrah Iftikhar, Hira Fatima, Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari and Roha Ramash

...iseases and ulcers. The purpose of this study is to recognize wild plants gathered for medicinal purposes by the local residents of Mandi Bahauddin and to document the common names and therapeutic uses associated with these plants.

...

Aspen Abutalip*, Batyrbek Aitzhanov, Assiya Mussayeva, Vladislava Suchshikh, Natalya Yegorova

...reventive measures. The purpose of the study was to develop an express test to identify cases of animal morbidity for emphysematous carbuncle in the field. For this purpose, a serological method was used using the latex agglutination test (LAT). When preparing the diagnostic, antibodies to surface proteins associated with the flagellar antigen Clostridium chauvoei were used, which sensitised latex microparticles with a size ...
Danish Riaz1,2, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2*, Majid Hussain3, Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan4 and Eman Naeem2
...nic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of supplementing Catla catla fingerlings fed a diet including sunflower meal (SFM) with probiotics (Protexin®) on growth performance, nutritional digestibility, and hematological indicators. Six test diets and one control diet (0 g/kg) were formulated before the beginning of the experiment, with varying amounts of probiotics (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 g/kg) added to the basal diet....

Arshad Javaid, Amna Ali, Iqra Haider Khan and Amna Shoaib

...i. For this
purpose, soil was sterilized by fumigation with formaline and then inoculum of S. rolfsii was
mixed. After one week of pathogen inoculation, soil was amended with dry biomass of C.
album aerial parts at 1, 2 and 3% (w/w), irrigated and left for one week for leaching.
Thereafter, chickpea seeds were sown in the pots. Experiment was conducted in a
completely randomized design with six replic...
Muhammad Saleem Chang*[1], Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro2, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi4, Jay Kumar Sootaher*3, Piar Ali Shar3, Kashif Ali Buriro2, Nadia Mangrio5, Zafarullah Channa3
 
 
...o compare the impact of purple nutsedge allelopathy and other approaches on weed management in barely at Students’ Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam for weed as well as barely parameters having eight treatments with three replications. The data revealed that the maximum weed control (91.3%) was recorded under T7= Puma super 7.5% emulsifiable water at 0.625 liters ha-1, 50% reduced...

Haoneng Guo1,2, Shuangshuang Xiao3, Wenfang Lou1,2, Rifat Ullah Khan4, Juanjuan Wu1,2, Bo Huang2, Sifa Dai2,3* and Guanhong Li1*

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this experiment is to study the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the metabolic functions of cold stress chicks (1-14 days old) from the perspective of serum biochemical indicators. A total of 192 healthy 1-day-old broilers with no significant difference in weight, were randomly divided into four groups, each group with four replicates and 12 broilers per replicate. Group Ⅰ was a control group, the broilers were fed the basal di...
Muhammad Arif , Muhammad Azim Khan, Habib Akbar, Sajjad , Sajid Ali
Majeeduddin Solangi,Ahmed Khan Jalbani,Ghulam Murtaza Sahito,Qamaruddin Jogi,Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro,Niaz Ahmed Wahocho
KHAWJA JUNAID,Muhammad Amin,MUHAMMAD ARIF,NOUMAN SALEEM,MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM,NISAR ALI KHAN,SYED RIZWAN ALI SHAH,FAZAL JALAL,Murad Ali,WISAL MUHAMMAD KHAN,INAYAT UR REHMAN,MUHAMMAD ADNAN,YOUSAF JAMAL,SAJJAD ZAHEER

Aftab Khan*, Yasir Khan and Saleem Iqbal 

...ages. The Wiener filter surpasses in performance from the Total Variation (TV) and Richardson-Lucy (RL) filters by 3 and 98 percent respectively. When compared to the Weiner filter and TV deblurring in the case of naturally blurred images, the Richardson-Lucy deblurred images are 52 and 41 percent higher in terms of quality. The process can further benefit from the use of super-resolution techniques. This study’s fusion-based approach not only advances t...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Sarzamin khan1, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Abubakar Sufyan2 and Muhammad Ayaz3

...ed for the experimental purpose and were assigned into five groups CON, T1, T2, T3, and T4. Each group contained 4 replicates with 10 birds per replicate. The CON group had a corn-soybean basal diet while the T1 group had 3%SH+20mg/kg enzyme, T2 3%SH+30mg/kg enzyme, T3 9%SH+20mg/kg enzyme, and T4 group 9%SH+30mg/kg enzyme in the feed. The result showed significantly higher digestibility of crude protein (CP) in the T1 group and crude fat in the T1 and T2 group...

Manar Neamah Al-Shreefy*, Suhaib A.H. Al-Taai 

...’ lives. For this purpose, pregnant guinea pigs in good health condition were obtained from public markets and housed in the animal facility until delivery to obtain neonate guinea pigs. Ten pups were separated from their mothers on the second day of their lives and euthanized using an overdose of ketamine HCl (85-95 mg/kg BW). The topographic position of organs was observed in situ, and samples were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for routine...

Migie Handayani1*, Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto2, Jamhari Jamhari2

...urvey method. The study purposely selected three sub-districts in the Purworejo District as the study sites. A quota sampling method was applied to select 90 respondents in each sub-district, resulting in 270 respondents. Data and information in the study were measured on an annual basis. Data were analyzed using a combination of quantitative descriptive and inferential analyses with a multiple regression model. The results show that, on average, goat ownershi...
Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Abubakar Sufyan2 and Hammad Ullah3
...ed for the experimental purpose and were assigned into five groups CON, T1, T2, T3, and T4. Each group contained 4 replicates with 10 birds per replicate. The CON group had a corn-soybean basal diet while the T1 group had 3%SH+20mg/kg enzyme, T2 3%SH+30mg/kg enzyme, T3 9%SH+20mg/kg enzyme, and T4 group 9%SH+30mg/kg enzyme in the feed. Results indicated overall significantly lower egg shell thickness in the control group while all other overall internal and ext...
Manahil Wahab1 and Anwar Ali2
...ed trees for commercial purpose. The average number of trees per acre is 100. There has been a considerable increase in the number of trees on farmlands since 1990. The normal spacing between plants on the boundaries of field is 2-3 feet whereas in case of compact plantations it is 3x3 or 4x4 feet. About 48% of the respondents procured saplings from private nurseries whereas 42% of the farmers produce planting stock in their own nurseries. Majority (82%) of th...
Tanvir Hussain1, Said Akhtar2, Khalid Hussain3* and Zahid Rauf4
...of wood fiber. For this purpose, wood samples were collected from local depots and wood fibers from each species were separated adopting standard laboratory procedures. Results showed that Walnut (Juglans regia) fibers were comparatively longer in llength followed by Pohu (Parotia jacouemontiana), Mulberry (Morus alba), Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Himalyan yew (Taxus wallichiana), Indian willow (Salix tetrosperma), Brown Oak (Quercus semicorpifolia),...
Salman Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Basheer Ahmad1, Nowsherwan Zarif1* and Saif Ullah Khan1
...s plant for shelterbelt purposes, 10% for land stabilisation, and 60% of respondents plant primarily for economic gain.

Keywords: Agroforestry, Respondents, Households Fuelwood....
Saddam Rasham1*, Sohaib Ahmed1, Arz Muhammad Umrani1, Sidra Jamil2, Tariq Khan1, Shehr Yar Nasim3, Safi Ullah1, Haseeb Ahmad1 and Asfand Yar Nasim1
...ammu & Kashmir.
...
Ghayyas Ahmad1, Arifullah Awan2 and Muhammad Imran3
... of lopping such as the purpose of lopping, awareness about the legal status of the practice and its impact on the tree health, tools used in lopping, species preferred and the role of gender were investigated. It was found that the practice was quite prevailing in the area. Main purpose of lopping was to meet the domestic need for fuel wood. Local people were largely unaware of its legal status or lopping's adverse affect o...
Afra Siab1, Saif Ullah Khan1, Anwar Ali1, Nowsherwan Zarif1, Basheer Ahmad1, Salman Ahmad1
... keeping in view of the purpose of study. For this purpose, both close-ended and open-ended questions were prepared and key farmers were interviewed. The study was conducted for the purpose to explore the impacts of Agroforestry on livelihood of farmers, and make recommendation for the improvement of Agroforestry. Majority of the population is in favor of that the production of the agricul...
Muhammad Rayyan1, Basheer Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Saif Ullah1 Khan and Salman Ahmad1
... plants for shelterbelt purposes. Whereas, results further revealed that 12.5% farmers planted trees for land stabilization. In addition to that 57.5% of households gets benefits from agroforestry in the form of cash and fuel wood 10% in the form of fuel wood. From the survey it is also revealed that 45% of farmers are directly benefited from fuel wood from farmland, while 32.5% of farmers relied for fire wood on their land as well as from market. Overall, the...
Khush Bakht Arooj1, Muhammad Salman2 and Naveed Ahmed3
... in district Bannu. The purposive random sampling method was used. During this study it was found that majority of the respondents belong to age class 21-35 (52%) followed by age class 36-50 (32%) and the least number of respondents belong to age class 51-65 (16%). It was concluded that average production in the study area is 5-7 kg/10 hives and most of the respondents 95% were less educated and were not familiar with modern and advanced scientific practices o...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim1, Hassan Sher2, Junaid Khan2, Shahid Hussain2, Ashfaq Ali2 and Atif Majeed3
...sons and for validation purpose field visits were arranged. Data about conservation status was obtained through quadrate method. The study reported 40 herbaceous medicinal plants belonging to 33 different angiosperm families used by local people to cure different ailments. Lamiaceae was represented by maximum number of 6 species followed by Apiaceae and Solancaceae represented by 4 species each. Alliaceae was represented by 3 species while Amaranthaceae, Aster...
Muhammad Yousaf Khan and Pervez Manan
...anagement systems, multipurpose nature and fast growth the Eucalyptus was introduced in Sub-Continent in late 18th century for the first time. Need for conducting this study was felt to dig out the facts about Eucalyptus plantations in Malakand District after a protest of few participants organized and brought by NGOs based at Peshawar and Islamabad with Play Cards in their hands against Eucalyptus trees planted in Billion Trees Project of the KP G...
Ahmed Zamir, Muhammad Waqas Khan and Saeed Anwar Wazir
...for different medicinal purposes by mixing them with other plants. Some of plants like wise Saussuria lappa, Rheum emodi, Cuscuta reflexa and Fumeria indica are used for curing different ailments. The study area is considered as a hub of medicinal plants. The main objective of the study was to prepare checklist of important medicinal plants, to document the indigenous knowledge of use of important medicinal plants and problems regarding conservat...
Asad Abbas Khan1, Amina Batool2, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Ehtesham Asghar3, Abdul Ghafoor1 and Muhammad Arif1
...(palwan), Pennisetum purpureum (Napier), Cynmbopogan distans (Chita), Cenchrus ciliarus (Dhaman) and Themeda anathera (Loondar) were reseeded by broadcast method during summer, 2009. Data collected for morphological parameters including number of leaves per plant, plant height, number of inflorescence and number of tillers per plant at three different growth stages i.e., vegetative, flowering and maturity of grasses was analyzed sta...
Asad Abbas Khan1, Amina Batool2, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Ehtesham Asghar3, Abdul Ghafoor1 and Muhammad Arif1
...(palwan), Pennisetum purpureum (Napier), Cynmbopogan distans (Chita), Cenchrus ciliarus (Dhaman) and Themeda anathera (Loondar) were reseeded by broadcast method during summer, 2009. Data collected for morphological parameters including number of leaves per plant, plant height, number of inflorescence and number of tillers per plant at three different growth stages i.e., vegetative, flowering and maturity of grasses was analyzed sta...
Rukhsana Kausar1, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2 and Mian Muhammad Shafiq3
...l Cost Method. For this purpose the consumer surplus (in forest resorts) was calculated, that proved to be Rs.577 PKR (6.6 $) per visitor per visit and recreational value of an individual per visit is Rs.16496 PKR (183.29). Average 1.5 to 1.6 millions people visit Murree recreational resort per year so the total benefit of the recreational spot and total recreational value of the Blue Pine and Chir Pine forests is 24745 mill...
Tanvir Hussain
...a lucidum. For this purpose wooden blocks (4.5x2.5x1.5cm) prepared from each species were infested with fungus for 120 days. The endurance was calculated based on the mean percentage of weight loss of the wooden blocks. Results revealed that Sapindus mukorossi was most subjected to decay with a maximum average weight loss whereas the maximum natural resistance was found in Olea cuspidate. Among these hardwood species, Prosopis cineraria, A...
Mazhar Iqbal1, Ahmad Hussain2 and Zulfiqar Ali Sheikh3
... the fact that its main purpose was to improve the forest, the resource depletion has been at constant rise. One of the reasons is the poor forest governance. This study was carried out to assess the current level of forest governance in terms of Efficiency and Effectiveness in Joint Forest Management at Allai Guzara Forests of Pakistan. Multi-stage sampling was adopted and FAOs framework for assessing and monitoring forest governance was used. In total, 20 JF...
Muhammad Tahir Laeeq and Muhammad Asif Aziz
...and Burma. It is a multipurpose tree species, especially having medicinal and pesticidal value. Neem is propagated primarily through seed, but seeds are having viability for short period of time. To get healthy and good quality planting stock appropriate nursery techniques are imperative.

The study was initiated to assess the effect of various nursery techniques on the growth improvement of neem seedlings for obtaining healthy planting stock. The stu...

Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan
...Chitral along with multipurpose dam and a diversion tunnel to Dir Upper on Chitral river at Mirkani. The existing water flow in river Indus is fluctuating between 50,000 Cusec and 1,200,000 Cusec. The ideal management will be constant flow of 2,92,987 Cusecs water round the year in the river system which is easily practicable given the watershed dynamics of Pakistan.

Construction of the dams will perform like safety valve during floods season and wil...

Ch. Muhammad Muslim and Sohail Sikander
...nts because of its multipurpose uses in different disease treatments. The study was conducted to elaborate the performance of morpho-anatomical characters of Linum usitatissimum to diverse habitat conditions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Five years cultivation data of Linum usitatisimum is analyzed with the objective to find best habitat for the growth and maximum yield of Linum usitatisimum and also to give farmer an easy way to get maximum bene...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim and Sohail Sikander
... Azad Kashmir. For this purpose, in-situ conservation area and gene bank must be established of higher elevation medicinal plants like Saussurea lappa, Podophyllum emodi, Atropa acuminata, Rheum emodi, Angelica glauca, Adiantum capillus, Dioscorea deltoidea, Digitalis spp., Berberis lycium, Geranium wallichianum, Berginia ciliata, Solanum nigrum etc., for supply of quality seed and planting stock for other areas. Medicinal plants are a valuable n...
Muhammad Nawaz Rajpar, Mohamed Zakaria, Ebil Yusof and Kamziah Abd Kudus
... to December, 2009. The Purple Heron; Ardea purpurea (1083 detections; 29.11%), Black-crowned Nightheron; Nycticorax nycticorax (811 detections; 21.80%), Grey Heron; Ardea cinerea (506 detections; 13.60%) were the three most abundant waterbird species and Pintail Snipe; Gallinago stenura was the rarest waterbird species recorded only once (0.03%). The Ardeidae (2816 observations; 75.70) was the mo...
Tanvir Hussain
...Kashmir (AJK). For this purpose wooden plates of 14"x7x3/4" sizes were prepared from each species and partioned into two portions i.e. uncoated and coated. The coating was done with commonly used five finishes (Lacquer, Varnish, Wax polish, Spirit polish and Linseed oil) in wood woodworking. Wooden plates were kept for one year in outdoor natural climatic conditions and data of climatic factors and wood weathering was recorded. Results revealed that ...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim1, Yahya Karamat2, Muhammad Shabbir Mughal3 and Imtiaz Hussain4
...nts because of its multipurpose uses in different disease treatments. The study was conducted to increase the production of Nigella sativa by applying the NP fertilizer. This study was carried with objective to find the optimum doze of NP fertilizer for the growth and maximum yield of Nigella sativa and also to give farmer an easy way to get maximum benefit of his land resources during the rabbi season as compared to the other crops like maize. The stud...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad and Iftekhar Ahmed
...ion as a whole for fuel purpose. Responses about priority of importance of mangroves showed that shelter and progress of fish was at first priority then shelter and progress of wild birds, shelter and progress of vertebrates, fuel wood, protection barriers for villages, control on tides and erosion of coastal banks, environment apiculture and eco-tourism respectively.

100% of the respondents were in favor of social forestry schemes in the area and 9...

Amjad Ali Ch., Javaid Ahsan, Tariq Mehmood, Shahzad Fazal, Punjab Forestry Research Institute, Faisalabad and Nowsherwan Zarif
... tract Punjab. For this purpose at local level, 64 persons i.e. eight large farmers, eight medium farmers, sixteen small farmers and thirty two landless persons were interviewed. At Govt. level, all range personnel were also interviewed. The number of livestock kept was highly correlated with the size of landholdings of people. Major source of income was from livestock rearing. For grazing purpose, the dependence of people o...
Tanvir Hussain
... for maturity. For this purpose MS (Full-strength, 1/2, 1/4), B.N.M and Hooglands solution were used. It was researched out that 1/4 MS (pH 5.8) and B.N.M. (pH 5.8) gave excellent results. The study concluded that water hyacinth can be cultured and established in-situ by using usual techniques and methodologies of tissue culture....
Iqbal Mahmood, Gul Rukh and Tanvir Hussain
...so suitable for various purposes where high stress is required. The local Teak wood has favourable relationship between tangential and radial shrinkage and aptness for framework and similar articles where the dimensional stability is of high importance. It is also recommended for a number of uses due to its better strength figures....
A. W. Jasra and I. Ahmad
... important issues. Multipurpose plant species like seabuckthorn and fourwing saltbush together with improved irrigation system and urea molasses blocks as supplemental feed have been identified as viable interventions for livelihood improvement. A policy dialogue is needed to resolve the problems of nomadic community.

Key Words: Pastoralists, livelihood, Juniper Forest, Balochistan, Pakistan

...
A.W. Jasra and Imtiaz Ahmad
...ia. Seabuckthorn a multipurpose plant, has been historically used for its medicinal value especially in China and Tibet. A methodical approach wheel was invented in Pakistan with the support of International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and International Centre for Research and Training on Seabuckthorn (ICRTS) to use seabuckthorn natural resource for producing high value products with the objective of economic empowerment of local commun...
Kabir Dihider Shahriar, Mahmood Hossain and Ripon Kumar Debnath
...ber, fruit and multiple purpose tree species were studied in 65 households of eight villages of four Thanas in four different agro-ecological zones in Bangladesh. Among the eight villages 37,674, trees were counted including 98 species of 33 families. The family Leguminosae dominated with 17 species followed by Moraceae 7, Palmaceae 6, Myrtaceae 6, Rutaceae 5, Meliaceae 4, Anonaceae 3 and rest are in other families. According to the size of household, large fa...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique and Saliheen Khan
...so capable of producing surplus food for other countries Trees and associated natural vegetation are essential for maintaining the productive capacity of the land In the mountains, trees protect the soil on slopes from being washed away and deposited in stream beds, water reservoirs and canals They thus preserve the productive capacity of mountain lands and also increase the useful life of water reservoirs on which depends the prosperity of agriculture in the ...
Muhammad Arif Chaudhary and Ejaz Ahmed
...were sorted out for the purpose but 135 only are identified to their taxonomic positions while remaining 40 are awaiting generic status and even for some the distributional information about locality, host or habitat, collection date are missing. Only 66 representative well preserved specimens at the rate of at least one specimen/host/locality have been selected to study the details of their distributional and morphometric characteristics.

The results...

Kanwar Muhammad Suleman, Muhammad Tahir Laeeq, Nasreen Fatima Rao and Altaf Hussain
...n tonnes/annum, pulp in surplus would be available for export to earn foreign exchange of about 15.112 billion rupees. Additional benefits like land reclamation, employment generation, import substitution and environmental protection will also accrue from afforestation of saline and waterlogged areas with eucalyptus....
Abdul Qayyum Khan, Bashir Ahmad Wani, Hakim Shah and S. Irfanullah
...mercial) and productive purposes (rural cottage industry, agriculture). Questionnaire, interview and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools were used to carry out this survey. According to the survey results, firewood emerged as the largest source of energy used for cooking and heating. The consumption of firewood was 2.35 maunds/household/week. Annually each person consumes 1.13 tons of firewood for cooking and heating. Among the other sources of energy, k...
G.A. Bajwa and H. Gul
...nmentally safe for this purpose seed of A. indica, bark of C. fistula and leaves & tender shoots of C. procera were used The reduction in larval body weight in treated larvae was 74 19% to 78.92% over control in case of C. procera and the mixture after 12 and 6 days of treatment, respectively Mean larval period was extended upto 22 days in the mixture treatment while it was 11.5 days in control However, mean pupal period was shorten...
Muhammad Rafique and Muhammad Afzal
... were planted for this purpose. Results revealed that seedlings of three months old or less are not suitable for out-planting due to their high mortality rate. Seedlings of four and a half to six months are best for transplanting in the field....
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir and Iqbal Mahmood
...s suitable for various purposes where high strength is not required. It has favorable relation between tangential and radial shrinkage and is suitable for framework where the stability is of high importance. The wood can also be used for making various kinds of boxes, cases, cupboards, tablets, crates, handicrafts, rural house construction, posts and poles etc....
Maria Mussarat, Amanullah Bhatti and Mehmood Elahi
...he study area. For this purpose, initial data were collected from 1:20,000 aerial photographs followed by field visits. The survey revealed that extent of the gully erosion, rill erosion, patches of land sliding, land sliding, land sliding and stream bank erosion was 46.31, 22.08, 1,00, 8.85 and 17.33 hectares, respectively. The general slope of the study area was 10-80% of which 10-30% was slope of the terraced area and 50-80% was slope of the forested/pastu...
Muhammad Ibrar Shinwari and Mir Ajab Khan
...care and other cultural purposes. However, encroaching industrialization and the accompanying changes in their life styles are responsible for the decline in the local practice of uses of these plants before the information is lost. About 100 informants were interviewed in this regard. In total 27 species of trees and 24 species of shrubs were recorded as used medicinally by inhabitants of the park. Among these 10 species of trees and 5 species of shrubs are b...
Iqbal Mahmood and G. M. Nasir
...grown timbers. For this purpose, the anatomical, physical and mechanical properties of Cedrela toona were determined in accordance with standard methods. The results indicated that the wood of Cedrela toona is good in all the physical and mechanical properties both in green and air dry conditions and meet the standard requirements. More diversified and extensive use of the wood can be contemplated in addition to its traditional uses....
S. Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...ides L.) is a multi-purpose shrub grows abundantly in northern Pakistan. Fruit is a rich source of vitamins and oil. Oil is used for a variety of products in various industries such as cosmetics and pharmaceutical. Suggestions have been made and strategy discussed for its sustainable management for future exploitation....
Kanwar Muhammad Suleman and Muhammad Ayaz
...at the stump for export purposes. The results of this analysis showed that at present the marketing margin in export of Eucalyptus chips from Pakistan is negative because of high production cost than the price offered in the international market. Higher production cost is mainly due to scattered supplies, higher transportation cost, small scale of chipping and need of integration in the processing of Eucalyptus wood. However, chip production cost could...
S. M. Raidh, M. K. Hossain and S. Akhtar
...ity seedling production purposes for a short time. But, for large scale plantations, the polybags of T2 treatment (23 x 15 cm size) is the optimal size for raising quality seedlings of Acacia auriculfiormis and the polybags of (30.5 x 15cm size) is optimal size for Chickrassia tabularis....
Bashir Hussain Shah and Mohammad Noor
...roduction of five multipurpose tree species under barani conditions planted in the roaded catchments with a trench. The experimental design was randomized complete block with six replications. The plot size was twenty seedlings.

In January, 1994 the survival, height, diameter at breast height (dbh) and biomass data were collected. There was no significant difference among the tree in survival. Acacia albida showed significantly greater growt...

Mohammad Arif Chaudhry
...i>P. elongata, dark purple in P. tomentosa, light purple in P. australis and mild off white in P. fortunei. The flower length was maximum (10.9 cm) in P. fortunei and minimum (7.9 cm) in P. tomentosa. The percentage of inflorescence bearing plants was 88 in P. elongata, 61 in P. fortunei 35.5 in P. tomentosa and 30.1 in P. australis. The number of flowers/ cyme vari...
Sahibazada M. Hafeez
...for Traditional farming purposes due to salinity, sodicity and waterlogging in the irrigated plains of the province of Punjab and Sindh. These were the major food, fuelwood and timber producing areas in the plains. Pakistan has acute wood deficits and firewood is still the principal source of fuel for heating and cooking. There is an urgent need to reforest such areas and other waste lands with salt tolerant, fast-growing trees.


In order to identif...

Javed Afzal, Abdul Sattar Alvi and Sarwat Naz Mirza
...However, for practical purposes, Chrysopogon may be considered the best cover presently attainable. Because of low forage production, the health of livestock that makes use of this vegetation is also impaired and they are sold at low prices. Consequently, the livestock producer does not get adequate economic return. So, the rangelands are a valuable natural resource and need to be managed properly to get sustained maximum forage and ensure plant cove...
K. M. Siddiqui and B. H. Shah
...ricultural and pastoral purposes over a long period of time. A number of government agencies have been engaged in the afforestation of vast dry areas in the country. Most of the efforts in this regards have so far been patchy, sporadic and scattered, and ware therefore, impact over a long period in the face of increasing pressure of growing human and cattle population. The Pakistan Forest Institute started systematic research on efficient use of availa...
Raja Atta Ullah Khan
...he most important multipurpose tree species in Punjab which is extensively cultivated on public as well as private lands. It is propagated with root shoot cuttings. Prevailing technique of raising of shisham nursery consists of broadcasting sowing of shisham pods on raised beds and keeping the beds moist with water through trenches till the seed germinates. Although the seed germinates very profusely and the density of seedlings in good nurs...
Hakim Shah and Malik Illahi Bakhsh
...equirements and for the purpose of sale. The stumpage value of annual wood removals from farmlands is estimated at 5.7 billion rupees. The tree stock is equivalent to 0.73 million ha of plantation forests....
K. M. Siddiqui
...riod for developmental purposes. Presently, forests provide Rs. 1550 millions as revenue to provincial governments which is much more than total expenditure on forestry development in the country during Seventh Plan period....
Hakim Shah, Malik Illahi Bakhsh and Mohammad Amjad
...quirements and for the purpose of sale....
K. M. Siddiqui
...ried out for 5 multiple purpose tree species planted in the form of both linear and block plantations in the irrigated plains on state as well as on private farmlands through the country. The results indicate that cost benefit ratio of the plantations under the existing conditions depend upon the tree species, demand and marketability of forest produce and intensity of management practices. Generally, tree planting on the farmlands is financially favora...
*Nasir M. But, **Noor Mohammad, *Sartaj and *M. I. Sultani
...269), and Pennisetum purpureum (A146) in the rangelands of Pothwar tract of Pakistan....
Abdur Rauf Khan, Farrukh Siyar Hamid and Naseer Ahmad
...e tea locally, for this purpose, tea seed was imported from Indonesia, Srilanka and China and were sown at various locations in Murree, Azad Kashmir and Hazara. The agro-ecological conditions of the Daively in Hazara were found to be suitable for tea cultivation because of low pH (6.0 - 5.5) and sandy loam characteristics of the soils. The area receives rainfall ranging from 1000 mm to 1200 mm per annum with mean minimum and maximum temperatures of -...
M Ayaz, M.A. Cheema, H. Duerrstein and M. Kleine
... activities in forestry....
Zakaullah
... willows, i.e. Salix purpurea, S. seriocarpa, S. tetrasperma and a single species of poplar, Populus nigra (Lombardy poplar) were found commonly grown in the area. Nevertheless, a few hybrid poplars (P. X. euramericana) were also noticed around Phander Rest House. Willows are grown for fodder, basket-making, roof construction and for timber; whereas Lombardy poplar is a major timber species. Both the crops are raised vegetatively. A...
Editor
...ization meeting on multipurpose tree species (February 15-16,1989)
Home and Foreign News...
M. I. Sheikh, K. M. Siddiqui and S. Rehman
...opical legume with multipurpose characteristics. Some arboreal varieties of the species have done well under varying climatic and edaphic conditions of Pakistan. The present paper outlines the performance in Pakistan and compares it with a number of South Asian Countries....
M. I. Sheikh
...pertaining to four multipurpose tree viz; Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sissoo and Eucalyptus camaldulensis has been reviewed. Distribution of the species, various nursery and field planting techniques, species trials, rate of growth and yield management of the plantations, water requirement etc. have been discussed....
M.I. Sheikh, Saliheen Khan and Raja Walayat Hussain
...dboard and wax for this purpose. However, as the demand rose with the increase in population, several new well-organized and modern units were set up. The total production during 1983-84 was estimated at 1668 million match boxes out of which 40% were produced from wood and 60% from wax and cardboard. Currently 9 large units using wood as a raw material are producing 537 million match boxes every year. The wastage of the wood for this industry has been estimat...
Muhammad Shafiq and M. I. Nizami
...actices. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the potential capabilities of the gullied land for establishment of tree plantations and also to test the adoptability/ suitability of some tree species. Four tree species (Leucaena leucocephala, Euclayptus camaldulensis, Morus alba and Ailanthus altissima) were tested during the year 1983-84 at Mangial (Fateh-Jang) under rain fed conditions. The survival percentage was 86, 88, 73 and 7...
M. I. Sultani, Muhammad Banaras Bhatti, Sartaj and Anjum Amin
...th Macropitilium atropurpureum was studied with six different treatments of grass legume mixture during 1982.The green and dry matter yield was found significantly higher in monoculture pure form as compared to the other treatments throughout the growing period. Legume in the pure form as well as in mixture significantly increased the total soil nitrogen in soil. The increase in crude protein contents was associated with the increase of legume in...
Abdur Rashid Tariq and Haji Moosa A. Tayab
...ted from Australia. The purpose was to provide fodder for the rapidly developing livestock population of the country. In the beginning an area of 200 hectares was brought under a crop of Pioneer Rhodes grass on sprinkler system of irrigation. The irrigation water of these sites was drawn from the subsoil and it contained 3500ppm of dissolved salts. This project went into full production within three months of its initiation. Thereafter this programme was exten...
K. M. Siddiqui
... pulp used for the same purpose. The strength properties of paper and board containing chir pine pulp in the mixed furnish was comparable to that which had imported long fiber pulp. However, folding endurance and breaking length were lower in the former than the latter. ...
Salahuddin Ahmad
...sted as a bye-product. ...
Ashiq Ahmad
...ff is employed for this purpose. Present population of the Suleman Markhor in the study area was determined as 53 which indicated the presence of at least 400 animals in whole Koh-e-Suleman....
K.M. Siddiqui
...ood quality for pulping purpose as compared to those of lower and higher age groups. ...
Raja Walayat Hussain and M. Afzal Cheema
...tree bark for different purposes has been enumerated by Hussain and Cheema (1)....
Pazir Gul and F. W. Khan
... can be used for edible purposes. The seeds, which were analysed for protein, carbohydrate and ash, indicate that they can be utilized as poultry and livestock feed (9)....
Abdul Ghaffar Marwat, Pazir Gul and Fazli Wahid Khan
... can be used for edible purposes. The seeds, which were analyzed for its nutrients, indicate its utilization a as poultry and livestock feed (8). ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...tem of tapping for the purpose of calibration of yield. At the end of the tapping season, progressive increase in the yield was indicated with the increase in diameter. Some trees turned out to be natural high yield. In 1975, use of chemicals was introduced. 10% sodium chloride solution, 40% sulphuric acid solution and 60% sulphuric acid past were used. Whereas for sulphuric acid past and solutions, American bark chipping method was employed, for the p
S. Rehman
...of wheat crop. For this purpose shelterbelts were raised and wheat crop was sown in the area covered by the belts. All treatments increased yield significantly. Three and two rows were superior to one. Soil moisture in the 0-6 inch layer in plots protected by the belts was consistently higher than in the unprotected plots. ...
M. Ikram
... is being used for this purpose. The total production of morphine from opium and poppy straw in 1957 was approximately seventy three tons of which twelve tons was obtained from straw. The production of opium increased to one hundred seventy tons in 1972 of which approximately sixty tons was obtained from straw. Poppy straw consists of dried capsule walls and stems. Table I1 gives the composition of opium from various sources....
Fazli Wahid Khan, Pazir Gul and Abdul Ghaffar Marwat
...e and is fit for edible purposes as it has non-toxic compounds and can be purified cheaply. The seeds have been analysed for protein, arbohydrates and ash and the results indicate their utility as poultry and livestock feed. ...
Mohammad Shahid and Abdul Qayyum
...s for the production of surplus honey with five major honey-flows in a year at different localities in the Province. Shifting of the bee colonies at appropriate times to different places as determined in this work is recommended for maximum honey production....
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
..., windfalls and special purpose fellings and the balance of the year's prescribed yield is taken out of that year's coupe.The riverain areas now under the control of the Punjab Forest Department usually represent scattered lands transferred from the control of the Civil administration, mostly in a piece-meal manner. Most of the area is blank, some of it still unstable. The major species are shisham and bahan with some kikar. The present management aims for the...
A. R. Beg
...n the Margalla Hills, Nurpur Hills and Chattar, Islamabad-Murree Road, in eastern Salt Range and Shahpur, Kandi and in Billawar, Mirpur, Udhampur and Jammu upto an altitude of 800 m (Stewart, 1972). During a recent visit to Buner, the present author spotted a few clumps growing in nature also at Ambela, Maskipur and Bagra in Buner at about 800 m. The first two spots lie on raised stream banks with some damp soil and the third on a field...
Bahadur Ali Khan
..., thus serves no useful purpose but damage. In 1968-69 a team of 14 watershed officers including seven foreign experts visited Northern Area Watershed. I asked a foreign expert to express his opinion about Watershed Management in Northern Areas, he looked at the bleak mountains and remarked: Nothing can be done, let the nature take its Couise. During the current year, the present Government which is giving top priority to the development of No...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ly established for the purpose under the patronage of an autonomous body (E.N.C.C.), the farmers are making full use of the recommendations of experts by putting large areas under fast growing tree species, employing the most modern and scientific techniques. Through consistent effort, the best methods of growing and managing these species have been developed over a period of time. Since enough state land is not available to practice poplar cultivation ...
Jalil Ahmad Khan and Pervaiz Akhtar
...xploitation for various purposes is the basic information about their technological properties. The lack of such information about the home grown species has always been a serious setback in their proper utilization. An investigation on the technical properties of Eucalyptus tereticornis was therefore undertaken in order to provide reliable data often required for determining its utility. The present study is just a beginning of the work on the mechan...
T. J. Roberts
...ously defended against usurpation by any neighbouring tribes. Because of the harsh climatic conditions, the limited available forage could best be utilized by a nomadic pastoral people and even today a major portion of the rural population appears to have retained these nomadic habits. In the main valleys a limited settlement with crop cultivation under irrigation appears to have been in existence for several hundred years. Such cult...
Mohammad Hafeez
...mplements and for hedge purposes. In some places the wood is also used for building small houses. Phulai Gum locally known as Chir, is also extracted from the trees in small quantities. It is used in medicines as restorative (2).
Acacia modesta, Forests were surveyed for various diseases. The most destructive disease was found to be Spongy Heart Rot caused by Phellinus badiussyn, Fomes badius....

Sura Ayed Radam*, Inam Badr Falih

...Methods To achieve this purpose, 20 Albino male rats were divided equally into four groups and immunized subcutaneously(s/c), 1st group was immunized with (100 mg/ml) of S. pyogenes antigen with added equal volume of Freund’s adjuvant, 2 doses, 14 days intervals, 2nd group was immunized s/c with Concanavalin-A Con-A (1.5 mg/ml), 3rd group was immunized with mixed S. pyogenes Ag. and Con-A, 2 doses, 14 days intervals, and 4th group was given Phosphate buf...

Fatima Aziz Mahdi Al-Badry

...d and serum obtained in purpose of chemical examinations were included functions of kidney as (urea and creatinine) and liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP). After that, all rats were dissected then kidney and liver were eradicated for histopathological examinations. The results indicated to puma administration led to significant increase (P≤0.05) in urea and creatinine concentrations with significant decrease (P≤0.05) in ALT, AST and ALP these changes in fu...

Hafsa Tauqir1, Imran Ahmad2 and Muhammad Bilal Sadiq1*

...tioxidant activity. The purpose of the study was to determine the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant content and betalain content of beetroot pomace extract (BPE) under optimized extraction conditions. Beetroot pomace was further used to develop a flavored yogurt. The highest responses for DPPH inhibition (66.6%), betaxanthins (174 mg/L), betacyanins (265 mg/L) and TPC (2.78 mg GAE/g) were observed by extraction optimization. The antibacterial activity ...

Syed Saqlain Hussain1*, Muhammad Rasheed2, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed2, Ghulam Jilani3, Muhammad Irfan4, Muhammad Kashif Aziz5, Fiaz Hussain1, Muhammad Akhlaq Mudassar1 and Zuhair Hasnain2

...ant scientists. For the purpose, this research was carried out and the effects of melatonin priming was searched out viz., hydro-priming (HP), 500, 1000 and1500 µM on seed germination and early seedling establishment of six maize genotypes viz., MMRI-Yellow, NCEV-1530-9, YH-1898, Composite, SB-9617 and FH-949 under salinity-induced stress. Seed priming with 1000µM melatonin efficiently lowered the deleterious effects of salt stress on germination a...

Ammar Abdulhasan Aldhalemi1, Murtadha Abdulhasan Aldhalemi2, Ali Joodi3, Qais R. Lahhob4* 

...e result shows that the purpose of the study is met and it can also be helped to makes the cheese preservation and quality improvement.
 

...

Ammar Abdulhasan Aldhalemi1, Murtadha Abdulhasan Aldhalemi2, Ali Joodi3, Qais R. Lahhob4* 

...e result shows that the purpose of the study is met and it can also be helped to makes the cheese preservation and quality improvement.
 

...

Zara Naeem1, Khajista Jabeen1*, Muhammad Khalid Saeed2, Sumera Iqbal1

...G.A. de Vries. For this purpose, different concentrations viz. 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of methanolic leaf extract were prepared and tested for their antifungal potential in a completely randomized design. All the applied concentrations of S. halepense leaf extract inhibited the growth of all the tested fungal strains. Maximum growth inhibition (84%) was observed in 2% of the concentration of the extract against Cladosporium cladosporoides. On the other hand, t...

Farhatul-Ain Arshad1, Asia Bibi1*, Amna Mushtaq1, Rubaida Mehmood2 and Nahid Kausar1

...S individuals. For this purpose, a total of 300 subjects were recruited from Southern Punjab consisting of obese cases (n=61), non-obese cases (n=89), obese controls (n=35) and non-obese controls(n=115). Analysis of the socio-demographic variables in PCOS showed significant association with geographical area, diet, monthly income, smoking status, education, medication, infertilitycomplications and family history in obese and non-obese cases compared to control...

Ali D. Nashmi1*, Jawad K. Hasan1, Manal A. Ibrahim2 

...ncreases adenosine. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dipyridamole plays a role as an anti-inflammatory to improve airway inflammation. A total of 24 healthy rats (albino, male), were weighted (150-300 g), were divided into four groups, each group consisting of six rats; Group A rats were given oral distal water and was considered a negative control group. Group B rats received distal water orally with ovalbumin (ova) sensitization, which wa...
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Mohammad Nafees2, Tooba Saeed3, Sarzamin Khan1, Hazrat Hussain4, Adila Bashir2 and Nida Naz1
...e to Pakistan. For this purpose, literature from various journals was studied to collect the data. The results of the study revealed the increasing population in Pakistan, with an annual demand of 2.4% for accommodation and housing. While the country’s construction industry accounts for 2.53% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The construction sector is reported to employ 7.61% of the population. In this regard, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) ...

Zhenyu Chang1,3, Qingqing Xiao1,2, Yourong Ye1,2, Mujahid Iqbal4, Mengqi Duan1,2, Yangzom Chamba1,2* and Peng Shang1,2*

...ctic acid bacteria. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria from Tibetan pig feces, and to provide experimental materials for the development and utilization of Tibetan pig probiotics. Seventeen strains of Lactobacillus isolated from Tibetan pig manure were identified by physiology, biochemistry, 16S rRNA molecular biology and acid and bile salt tolerance tests. The results showed that, screened strain is Lactobacillus Roy&rs...

Mati Ullah1*, Muhammad Rizwan2, Ali Raza3, Xianlin Zhao4, Yanling Sun4, Sarah Gul5, Muhammad Ihtesham Waheed6, Muhammad Nadeem Khan7, Alvina Gul8, Sami Ullah Jan9* and Chao Huang4*

...mentation for selective purposes. In the current study, we have comprehensively analyzed the genome of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NDO2 isolated from traditional yogurt samples using the next-generation sequencing approach. The GC contents of the selected genome were 45.3%. Among the total 2284 genes identified, 970 genes similar in three genomes make the core genome portion. The subsystems, category distribution analysis revealed “carboh...

Hasina Basharat1, Muhammad Ramzan Ali2*, Aziz Ahmed2, Muhammad Zubair Anjum1 and Shamim Akhter1

...rican catfish. For this purpose. fish was stocked at 10,000;15,000 and 20,000 fish/acre in earthen ponds for a period of 120 days. The experimental design was CRD with three treatments (10,000, 15,000 and 20,000 fish/acre) and three replicates (9 earthen ponds of 0.04 ha). Fish was fed three time at rate of 4% of total wet fish body weight daily on sinking pellets containing 35% CP manufactured from locally available ingredients. Sampling on fortnightly basis ...

Komal Hingoro1, Muhammad Saleem Chang1,2* and Ghulam Sarwar Gachal1

...er Testudine). For this purpose, a total of 30 blood samples were collected from different turtle species including Aspideretes (A) gangeticus, A. hurum, Chitra indica, Lissemys punctata, Kachuga (K) tecta, K. smithi and Hardella thurjii exhibiting different habitats in the Guddu Barrage, Indus River, Pakistan. Hematological and biochemical analysis showed a significantly higher and lower values of red blood cells in Pangshura tecta and Kachuga smithii, PDW in...

Rumisha Raza1*, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Aftab Ahmed Anjum2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali1 and Sehrish Firyal1*

...ll be used for forensic purposes and also play a significant role in maintenance of ecosystems. 

...
Qurat-ul-Ain Ijaz1, Amna Sulaman1, Dost Muhammad Baloch2, Muhammad Shafi2, Faiz Muhammad1* and Shahnaz Rashid1
... as (Thalessa savignyi, Purpura persica, Turbo sparverius, Lunella coronata, Cellana karachiensis, Nerita albicilla, Nerita tristis, Ischnochiton australis, Astralium tentorriformis). T our knowledge among them three are news records (A. tentoriiformes, Ischnochiton australis and, Nerita tristis). The highest evolutionary divergence within the family of Nacellidae (0.917) followed by Turbinidae (0.169) and Neritidae (0.100) was noted. The results of this study...

Hawraa F.H. Alowaid1*, Afrah Adil Hassan1, Majdy Faisal Majeed2

...ght on by TML. For this purpose, male adult rats were treated with TML (15 and 30 mg/kg/day oral administration) 30 days in a row. A significant decrease in liver and kidney tissue SOD, CAT, NO, and MAD was detected in TML groups, while, hepatic and Renal histopathological alterations included inflammation, necrosis, hemorrhage, and congestion, in TML-treated animals, generally, the complementary results of the histological study, by evaluating the degree of h...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Naila Chand1 and Muhammad Tahir2

...ed for the experimental purpose and were distributed in five groups control (CON), and treatment groups (T1, T2, T3, and T4), each had 4 replicates with 10 birds per replicate. The CON group had a corn-soybean basal diet while the T1 group contained 3%SH+20mg/kg enzyme, T2 3%SH+30mg/kg enzyme, T3 9%SH+20mg/kg enzyme, and T4 group 9%SH+30mg/kg enzyme in the feed. Overall feed intake, weight gain, and water intake were calculated (P<0.05) in the T2 diet group...

Kashif Haleem, Basheer Ahmad, Muhammad Rayyan, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*

... the trees for personal purposes. Most respondents (61.25%) use LPG for cooking and heating due to its availability, while 32.5% also use firewood, and 6.25% use crop residues along with firewood. Of the 80 respondents, 63.75% use fuelwood from their farmland, and 36.25% purchase it from the market. Regarding agricultural production, 35% of respondents indicated that crop trees increase production, while 58% believed that the prevalence of poplars in the area ...

Aysha Fatima1, Safdar Ali1, Saira Azmat2, Luqman Amrao1, Muhammad Usman Ghani3*, Yasir Iftikhar4, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan4*, Adeel Ahmad5 and Humaira Kalsoom6

...ere used for management purpose. The plants were treated with zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), copper sulphate (CuSO4), manganese sulphate (MnSO4) and boric acid were used in different combinations i.e., T1 (ZnSO4+CuSO4), T2 (MnSO4+CuSO4), T3 (boric acid+CuSO4) and T4 (ZnSO4+MnSO4+CuSO4+BA). The combination of ZnSO4+MnSO4+CuSO4+BA showed minimum disease severity (5.85%) and disease incidence (23.15%) as compared to control (28.59%). The outcomes of present study would b...

Qaisar Mehmood1*, Ali Raza2, Asif Ali Abro3, Nargis Shaheen4 and Muhammad Riaz5

... of sugarcane crop. The purpose of the study has to propose the optimum forecast models of the time series, artificial neural network and their hybrid models for forecasting the yield of sugarcane. Yearly data for the yield of sugarcane crop from 1947 to 2020 for economic survey of Pakistan was used for forecasting. We compare ARIMA, ETS, TBATS, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), ARIMA-ETS, ARIMA-TBATS, and ARIMA-ANN hybrid models by calculating RMSE and MAE for...

Le Thanh Phuong1, Pham Tan Nha2*

...hern of Vietnam for the purpose of fighting games and food because its firm and crispy skin. Nowadays, there are not many surveys on the reproductive performance of this breed. The study aimed to evaluate some indicators of reproductive performance of Noi chicken over two generations (G0 and G1 generations). A total of 300 hens and 60 cocks at the 21 weeks old local Noi chickens were used in this experiment. They were randomly distributed into two treatment gr...

Arba Aleem, Norrizah Jaafar Sidik*, Wan Razarinah Wan, Abdul Razak and Norfatimah Mohamed Yunus

...g of the mechanisms and purposes of root exudates under biotic and abiotic conditions. Harnessing the potential of plant-microbe interactions enables the infrastructure development for more effective strategies to enhance plant growth and productivity.

...

Marwa M. El-Deriny1,2*, Rania H. Wahdan1, Marwa S. Fouad3 and Dina S.S. Ibrahim1,2*

...p yield production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of individual or concomitant treatments with Trichoderma viride and some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on root knot nematode in eggplant.In greenhouse, a standard microbial fertilizer (NPK) and four microbial isolates involved Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma viride were tested and it was found thatthe dual treatments composed ...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan, Atiq Ur Rahman, Waqar Akhtar and Hafizullah Khan

...indai in 2011. The main purpose of the dam is to irrigate 4600 acres of agricultural land in four villages of district Charsadda. This paper is aimed to study the socio-economic impact of Palai Dam on village Qilla and Palai Nasratzai located in tehsil Tangi, district Charsadda, falling in the command area of the dam. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. The primary data regarding household characteristics and socio-economic conditions was co...

Gunel Arzuman Ramazanova1, Gulnara Fakhreddin Abbasova2*, Khalsa Ibrahim Nasibova3 and Sait Engindeniz4

...ign: justify;">The main purpose of this study, conducted in the Goranboy district of Azerbaijan in 2022 and 2023, was to determine the effect of blister smut disease on yield loss in maize (Zea mays L.). In the maize field tests, local varieties of maize, Gurur, Umid and Fakhri were used as plant material. In order to infect healthy plants, samples infected with blister smut disease collected from the maize cultivated areas of the Garadagli village and brought...

Deden Sudrajat*, Dewi Wahyuni, Burhanudin Malik, Dede Kardaya 

... livestock rations. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of betel leaf meal and extract on the sensory quality of quail eggs. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design with three treatments, which were then analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The variables observed were hedonic tests with a 5-point hedonic scale and hedonic quality (egg yolk color, egg white color, flavor, taste, and texture of quail eggs). This treatment showed that i...

Fatima Kanwal

...ps of regions. For this purpose, 50 quadrats of 1m by 1m were randomly plotted and analyzed. Polygonaceae, Poaceae, and Chenopodiaceae were the most common families observed. A total of 14 different weed species belonging to 10 distinct families were identified. Goose grass (Elusine indica), Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), and Black nightshade (Solanum nigram) accounted for 87% of the weeds and had densities of 1.82%, 1.82%, and 1.71%, respectively. Species...

Rejvi Ahmed Bhuiya1, Md. Ruhul Amin2 and A.K.M. Kanak Pervez2*

...n Rajshahi District was purposefully chosen as the study’s location as the area is highly vulnerable to drought in Bangladesh. Upazilla Agriculture Office (UAO) identified six villages in two Union parishads as highly susceptible to drought area. We have collected 1650 farm families living in the villages; the respective list of farmers was collected from UAO. Among 1650, 10% of the farmers were selected as sample size. From January to October 2022, rese...

Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Nowsherwan Zarif, Anwar Ali*, Faizan Ahmed, Asim Karim and Ali Nawaz 

...tensively used for this purpose. Several multipurpose tree species were recommended for the desert environmental conditions in Thal, such as Acacia albida, Acacia tortilis, Acacia elata, Tecoma undulata, Acacia victoriae, Tamarix aphylla, Acacia modesta, and Prosopis cineraria,. For semi-arid areas Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Acacia saligna, Acacia elata, Acacia albida and Leucaena leucocephala were found to be quite successfu...

Khansa N. Salsabilah*, Achmad Firman, Lilis Nurlina

...t KPBS Pangalengan. The purposes of this study are to determine the milk production and population of dairy cows before and during the FMD outbreak so that the impact can be known, and analyze the impact of FMD outbreak on the financial performance of KPBS Pangalengan. The financial performance analysis method was carried out using the Guidelines for Health Assessment of Savings and Loan Cooperatives and Cooperative Savings and Loan Units: Regulation of the De...

Abdul Mannan1*, Naveed Iqbal1, Randhawa1, Abdul Hanan1 and Abdul Qadeer1

...sitoid utilized for the purpose of borers attack in IPM. This research was carried-out for the purpose of success various issuance of T.chilions in case of sugarcane insect attacks and observe the decay rate of sugarcane borers and such as control issuance by T. chilonis egg cards. The borers’ generation emerges out after 27 days, trichogramma cards T. chillions were installed with the duration after 10, 15, 20, days i...
Ilker Ugulu1*, Zafar Iqbal Khan2, Kafeel Ahmad2, Humayun Bashir2
Naunain Mehmood3, Asma Zafar2 and Muhammad Sohail2
...ign: justify;">The main purpose of the present study was to determine and evaluate the heavy metals in soil, forage and blood plasma of horses in Central Punjab, Pakistan. Concentrations of metals, cobalt (Co), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) in these samples were determined. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of metals. The concentrations of all the analysed heavy metals differed significantly with differen...
Abdul Majeed Saim1, Arshad Javid1, Misbah Sarwar2­, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman3 and Ali Hussain4*
...eared circular and dark purple on EMB agar media plates while S. enterica colonies were small, circular, and red on SS agar media plates. E. coli and S. enterica isolates were found resistant to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole, while sensitive against doxycycline, gentamycin, and tetracycline. E. coli isolates showed positive results in catalase, indole, and methyl red tests while S. enterica isolates showed negative in citrate, lactose, and u...

Taqwa Safdar, Khalid Abbas*, Muhammad Sarfraz Ahmed, Hina Amjad, Sumra Naz and Jamal Kazam

...ellite markers. For the purpose, samples were collected from five selective Indus River sites, and DNA extraction was done by proteinase-K and standard phenol/chloroform DNA isolation method. Genomic DNA was PCR amplified by Labeo rohita cross-species amplification of H. molitrix. The results showed a low-to-moderate level of genetic diversity. The number of alleles on each locus ranging from 2.0 to 6.0, with an average of 3.48 was observed at various loci. Th...

Suravi Akter, Md. Bipul Mondal and Md. Mahmudul Alam*

...curred due to treatment purposes (64%). This study concluded that FMD caused clinical and pathological changes in cattle and exerted economic loss on the farmers.

...

Truong Thanh Trung1, Nguyen Thi Kim Dong2, Tran Long Hai1

...action meal, Operculina turpethum, and Pennisetum purpureum. The experiment was carried out for 12 weeks in which sperm of the experimental rabbits was collected and analyzed weekly. After 12 weeks of semen collection, 1 bucks per treatment with stable semen quality were used for mating with does to evaluate reproductive performance. Six does were used for each treatment (total 30 doe rabbits). The results of the study showe...

Doni Supadil1, Sri Melia2*, Indri Juliyarsi2

...tato flour: white (A1). purple( A2), yellow (A3), and These flours were added to fermented milk in varying proportions: 0% (B1), 3% (B2), and 6% (B3), with three repetitions for each treatment. The results showed a significant effect (P<0.05) of sweet potato type and flour percentage on increasing total lactic acid bacteria, decreasing pH value, increasing acidity, and antioxidant activity. The optimal treatment was fermented milk with 6% p

Mohammed Haider Asker1*, Yahya Fawzi Hashim2, Huda Hamid Mohsen3

...ardiac damage. For this purpose, rabbits were categorized into four groups: control group was mock-treated with distal water only (G1), another group was treated with nitrofurantoin alone (G2), a third group with CoQ10 alone (G3), and a fourth group was treated with nitrofurantoin plus CoQ10 (G4). Serum levels of oxidative stress markers (e.g. MDA), cardiac injury markers (CPK and troponin), inflammation markers (e.g. CRP), and thyroid function (e.g TSH) were ...
Damat Damat1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Shazma Anwar3, Mohammed Ali Wedyan4
Zane Vincevica-Gaile5, Yogo Adhi Nugroho2, Tony Liwang2, Thontowi Djauhari Nur Subchi1*, 
Ahmad Fauzi1, Hanif Alamudin Manshur1, Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Vritta Amroini Wahyudi1
Yolla Muvika Ananda1 and Hemalia Agustin Rachmawati1
... tests were run for the purpose, followed by Tukey posthoc test for certain variables. The results demonstrated that Mengani CP was the most similar to La Boitê as their mineral, heavy metal, crude protein, crude fiber, and sugar contents were insignificantly different. Regarding dietary fiber content, it is slightly lower in Mengani CP, while crude lipid content is significantly lower than in La Boitê. It is, therefore, conclusive that Mengani CP ...

Zhulmaydin C. Fachrussyah1*, Indra G. Ahmad2, Iin S. Lantu3, Arafik Lamadi2, Wila R. Nento3

...th and development. The purpose of this study is to inventory ectoparasites in catfish (Clarias sp.) cultivated with Biofloc in Gorontalo. This study was carried out from November to December 2023 at Gorontalo State University’s Integrated Laboratory of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Technology. A total of 40 catfish samples measuring 20-25 cm from cultivation sites using a biofloc system were selected using saturated sampling based on the sustainability...

Shah Fahad* and Akhtar Ali 

...d was sold for multiple purposes, such as for houses construction, children education, and small business and to purchase plots in city due to which agricultural land was decreased. Urban sprawl association with agriculture declining was found highly significant at .01 confidence level. A highly significant association (P=0.000) was disclosed between urban sprawl and decreasing of agricultural land. Likewise, a significant association (P=0.000) was found betwe...

Zulfiqar Ali1, Asad Ullah2*, Shumaila Gul3, Maryam Begum4, Raheela Taj5, Tahira Tayyeb1, Maiz ur Rahman1, Muhammad Owais Khan1, Rafiq Ullah1, Imad Khan2, Ali Gohar2, Shakirullah Khan6, Khudija Ghani7 and Muneeb Islam8

...inary significance. The purpose of the current study was to determine the prevalence of tick infestation, epidemiological characteristics, associated risk factors, and investigation of a variety of hard tick infestation in small ruminant populations in District Mardan, Buner, and Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 5000 goats and sheep of various ages, breeds, sexes, and locations were inspected and examined for tick infestation. A total of 177...

Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah2, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal1, Inam-ul-Haq1, Attiq Ur Rehman1, Javeria Sherani3, Muhammad Imran3 and Rizwan Latif4

... rooting ability of oil purpose varieties is more as compare to table purpose olive varieties. Maximum rooting was observed in olive variety BARI Zaitoon-1 followed by Koroneiki, Arbosana, Arbiquina, and Monzanillo. In case of cutting plantation mid-August to mid-October (S1) was found most suitable time period in order to get maximum survival rate. Commercial nursery owners should use this time window to produce maximum num...

Abdul Ghaffar1*, Ayesha Maqsood1, Riaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas3, Rabia Tahir4, Habiba Jamil1, Fozia Afzal5, Ahrar Khan6,7, Muhammad Ahmad Chishti1, Shahnaz Rashid3, Aliya Noreen8, Kashfa Akram1 and Maria Niaz1

...es and serum vials. The purpose was to study the hematological, biochemical, and genotoxic potential in rural inhabitants exposed to pesticides. Samples were collected across different age groups and compared with those from 100 unexposed individuals. Demographic characteristics of the pesticide-exposed workers in the district were also observed. Hematological and biochemical parameters, including WBCs, RBCs, hemoglobin, HCT, MCHC, MCH, lymphocytes, MCV, neutr...

Rand K. Abbas1, Zahraa S. Hadi1*, Zainab A. Hussein2, Sajad K. Matooq3

...xt-align: justify;">The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of parasitic diseases in domestic hens that acquired from the poultry market between March 2023 and October 2023. In order to analyze blood parameters (Hb, PCV, RBC, and WBC), sixty mature chickens were employed. Blood samples (1 ml) were taken from each chicken’s jugular vein and placed into an ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid test tube. The tube was then gently shaken. The resu...

Fahmida Manin1*, Yusrizal1, Mairizal1, Lovita Adriani2, Andi Mushawwir2

...–1011 cfu/mL. The purpose of this study was to determine the best combination of probiotics and phytobiotics with improved performance, the ability to reduce the cases of intestinal dysbiosis, lower cholesterol and saturated fat with an increase in unsaturated fat in broiler meat. The treatments were T0 = without Probio_FM and phytobiotics, T1 = Probio_FM + Curcuma longa, T2 = Probio_FM + turmeric, T3 = Probio_FM + ginger and T4 = Probio_FM + combined (C...

Fitrini1*, Masyhuri2, Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto2, Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti3

...ondents were determined purposively with the provisions of farmers who specifically raise local beef cattle in 3 districts which are the agribusiness centers in agropolitan area, so that a total of 101 farmers, and in-depth interviews with 10 experts. Data analysis was conducted using analysis of existing conditions of resources and other supporting factors, Location Question (LQ) and shift share analysis (SSA) to determine beef cattle potential, and SWOT anal...

Md. Gausur Rahman1*, S.M. Harun-Ur-Rashid1, Md. Golam Azam1, Md. Ahsan Habib2, Golapi Rani Devsharma1 

... to June 2024. For this purpose, a total of 200 faecal samples were collected from various commercial Sonali farms and examined by direct smear method and floatation technique. Among the examined birds, 56 Sonali chickens (28.00%) were infected with gastrointestinal parasites including Ascaridia sp., Raillietina sp. and Eimeria sp. Among these parasites, Eimeria sp. (15.5%) was the most prevalent (P<0.001) parasite, followed by Ascaridia sp. (11.5%) and Rai...

Iram Alam Sthanadar1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Sami Siraj2 and Omar Malik2

...ts combination therapy. Purposive sample technique was used for sample collection. Data collection was done by proper questionnaire. DNA was extracted from 200 μL of whole blood samples obtained from the patients by using the Wiz-Prep DNA extraction kit (Wiz-Prep no. W54100). Sanger sequencing was used for genetic analysis. Data analysis was done by using IBMS-KMU SPSS 23 version. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for T2DM subjects was determined using an onli...

Aytan Ilham Zeynalova1*, Fariz Shahin Alakbarov1, Dunya Ali Isayeva1 and Sait Engindeniz2

...ign: justify;">The main purpose of this research, prepared from here, is to comparatively analyze the technical and economic performances of different cotton varieties. The research was conducted in 2017-2020. The applications were carried out in the trial area of the Plant Protection and Technical Plants Research Institute in the Samuh region of Azerbaijan. Local Ganja-110 cotton variety and S-6524 (Uzbekistan), Akala Beret (Israel), BA-440 (Türkiye), Ta...

Elkhan Rajaf Allahverdiyev1*, Azer Agazade Khalilov2, Araz Mustafa Gasimov2, Zahid Gurban Khalilov2, Parvana Bahlul Bayramova2, Kamala Fatiaga Abilova2 and Sait Engindeniz3

...ign: justify;">The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fertilizer norms in mixed cropping on the structural indicators, productivity and quality of mixed cropping crops. Intercropping is of great importance in meeting the feed needs of livestock and protecting soil fertility. Thus, the correct and timely application of organic and mineral fertilizers within the normal limit had a positive effect on the growth and development of plants s...
Wan Norhafizah Wan Azman and John Yew Huat Tang* 
...ne-height: normal;">The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of various citric and acetic acid conditions against L. monocytogenes in lettuce, as well as to ascertain the overall reduction of L. monocytogenes by various decontamination procedures. Before decontamination process, the sample was inoculated with L. monocytogenes and stored in the chiller for 24 h. Different concentrations of acetic and citric acid (0%, 0.5%, ...
Nurul Aini Kamaruddin, Nur Qistina Afiqah Muhamad Asri and Nur Alya Adila Rosli 
...g the treatment groups, surpassing Treatment 1, Treatment 2, and the control group, which have protein levels of 8.9%, 10.08%, and 6.53%, respectively. Treatment 1 showed the best growth results. It produced an average daily gain of 0.36 ± 0.07 kg, increased body length by 4 cm to 81.00 ± 4.58 cm, raised wither height by 4.00 cm to 72.67 ± 2.52 cm, and boosted chest height by 2.34 cm to 78.00 ± 2.65 cm. It also had the highest body ...

Shimaa R. Hamam, Reham A. El-shafei, Nani N. Abdelaziz, Magdy S. Amer

...dism. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to assess the potential effects of ginseng or sandalwood, as a natural remedy, on the previously documented negative effects of ibuprofen on male fertility. For this study, twenty-four male were employed. Four groups of six rats each were used: the control group received no medication, while the other three groups received oral doses of ibuprofen (40 mg/kg/day), ginseng (500 mg/kg b.wt/day) with ibuprofen (40 m...

Ana Mehak1, Muhammad Mohsin1* and Muhammad Ahsan Raza2,3

...kistan. In this regard, surplus production models (SPMs), non-equilibrium, analyzed fishery statistics from 2004 to 2017. ASPIC (A Stock Production Model Incorporating Covariates) and CEDA (Catch and Effort Data Analysis), computer-based and manually operated statistical routines, were used to apply SPMs to the data. Based on the ASPIC output, the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) was computed as 989 tons (t) in the Schaefer Model (S-M) and 873 t in the Fox Mode...
Nor Adila Zulkifli1, Nurul Zaizuliana Rois Anwar1*, Zalilawati Mat Rashid1, Zarinah Zakaria1, Norshazila Shahidan2, Lee-Hoon Ho1 and Faridah Yahya3
...g of Kelulut honey. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound processing on the quality of Kelulut honey. The ultrasound processing was conducted at five different amplitudes (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) and three different treatment times (5, 10 and 15 minutes). Kelulut honey samples were analysed for total soluble solids, water activity, moisture content, pH, and the amount of HMF. Conventional heating was conducted at 60 °C for...

Muhammad Tahir1, Muhammad Saqib1, Shahbaz ul Haq2, Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui3,4, Khurram Ashfaq1, Urfa Bin Tahir5, Mughees Aizaz Alvi1*, Shujaat Hussain6, Talha Javaid1, Raheela Taj7, Muneeb Islam8, Imad Khan9, Asad Ullah9* and Shakirullah Khan10

...ntaminated herbage. The purpose of the current study was to report prevalence and access the risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis. A total of 652 specimens of blood were taken from 9 regions situated within the jurisdiction of Punjab province, Pakistan. The collected samples were labeled in order to have randomization and to pull 384 samples out of 652 harvested samples. Survey Tool Box was used to have representative samples. Latex agglutination test (L...

Seyed Ahmadreza Hashemi1, Mastooreh Doustdar2, Asadullah Ali Muhammad3* and Reza Abbaspour Naderi4

...ou-BRT), and stochastic surplus production model in continuous-time (SPiCT), the average (maximum-minimum) maximum sustainable yield (MSY), current biomass to the biomass of MSY (B/BMSY), the ratio of the current fishing mortality to fishing mortality rate of MSY (F/Fmsy), and saturation (S=B/K) ratio were obtained. The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) in several models, the ratio of current fishing mortality to fishing mortality rate of MSY (F/Fmsy), and the c...

Nahed Yehia1*, Rania I. Mohamed2

...cterial infections. The purpose of this research is to study the genetic evolution and pathogenicity of the H9N2 virus during 2022. The forty tracheal samples were gathered from broiler chicken farms from 5 governorates (El-Dakahlia, El-Sharqia, Alexandria, Al-Qalyubia, and El-Gharbia) and tested using Real-Time Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) by specific primers detect avian influenza type A and H9 typing. The nine samples selected re...

Muhammad Ahmad1, Safdar Ali1*, Amer Habib1, Muhammad Usman Ghani2,3, Humaira Kalsoom4, Yasir Iftikhar5 and Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan5*

...gn (RCBD) for screening purpose and were categorized by using disease rating scale. The recorded data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA and the LSD value (p=0.05) was determined. In varieties screening test, among the 7 varieties selected, none was immune response against Stemphylium disease. Varieties like Hike showed resistant response, HON-304E moderately resistant, Kaseer and Rosabella showed a moderatly susceptible response, Sultan and Tarzan showed ...

Naglaa A. El-Taib1*, Asmaa T. Talayea2, Hanan R. Ghanayem3

...as been studied for the purpose of risk control of recovered pathogenic bacteria Therefore, From the food safety point of view new formulation are highly required to control VBNC E. Coli. In addition, PAM-q PCR is considered a rapid method in detecting the VBNC organism. The potential influences of VBNC E. coli O157 on human health were discussed and the better ways to clean surfaces that human touch.
 
Keywords: Escherichia coli O...

Mohammad Lalmoddin Mollah*, Arobi Jahan Disha and Dipa Rani Pal

... to February, 2024. The purpose of this study investigates the prevalence, risk factors, transmission, and impact of cat flu. Data were collected 1200 cats across Barishal Sadar geographical locations through surveys and medical records. A total of 180 cats were found cat flu affected in which overall prevalence of 15%. The prevalence of cat flu was maximum 41.11% at age of 0-6 months, in compare with 31.11%, 13.33%, 8.89%, 5.55% at age category 6 -12 months, ...

Adi Tiya Warman1, Panjono1*, Tri Satya Mastuti Widi1, Sigit Bintara1, Bayu Andri Atmoko2, Endang Baliarti3

...was carried out using a purposive sampling method, with 95 respondents. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed descriptively and pearson correlation to ascertain the relationship betweens these social, technical, and economic factors with the choice bull breed. The results showed that 51.58% of farmers prefer frozen semen from exotic cattle breeds, aiming to ...

Dheyaa Ali Aljuhaishi*, Firas Hussain Kadim Albawi 

...us bronchitis. For this purpose, a total of 250 one-day-old Ross308 broilers were randomly allotted five treatments with two replicate pens of 25 birds per pen. Different treatments regimens were practiced where G1 chicken were orally inoculated with E. coli at a dose of 0.5 ml containing 7.5x106 CFU/ml and were treated with bacteriophage (3.2×108PFU/g) through feeding. In the G2 group, chicken were orally inoculated with E. coli at a dose of 0.5 ml cont...

Hamayun Arshad1, Muhammad Waris2,3 and Qurratulann Afza Gardner1*

...phensi larvae. For this purpose, we isolated various bacterial strains from our local environment using standard microbiological techniques. Among those isolates, we found novel strain of L. sphaericus Q001, identified by ribotyping and MALDI-biotyping. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene of this strain is 96% similar to that of highly entomotoxic WHO reference strain 2362. The gene sequence was submitted to Genbank (OQ701385). We isolated the S-layer protein of this s...

Nguyen Thi Hanh Chi1,2, Ho Xuan Nghiep1,2, Tran Trung Tuan1,2, Nguyen Binh Truong1,2*

... tofu waste, Operculina turpethum vines, and ad libitum fresh elephant grass. The dry matter consumption per body weight showed a tendency towards a decrease in Ma.C.U (3.11%) and Ma.C treatments (3.11%) than in BrR.C.U (3.31%) and BrR.C (3.25%) treatments. Crude protein digestibility (%) of BrR.C.U was similar to Ma.C.U (P>0.05), but it was higher than (P<0.05) BrR.C and Ma.C (78.0, 78.7, 67.4 and 68.2, respectively). Across treatments, nitrogen retenti...
Sanaullah Sattar1, Ali Hussain2*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Arshad Javid1 and Shahid Mehmood1
...tgate B medium. For the purpose, SRB strain was isolated from a highly polluted wastewater stream flowing in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The bacterial isolate was motile, Gram-negative, non-spore former and identified as Desulfovibrio vulgaris after 18 S rRNA gene sequencing. The corrosive action of the bacteria was assessed in a 60-day trial of anaerobic incubation. After an incubation period of 60 days, it was found that CR was significantly higher for the cou...

Karar Ali Abdulkhuder* and Abdul Kareem Salman Alyassari 

...ye infections. For this purpose, a total of 20 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were obtained from eye infection samples and then were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using standard methods. Additionally, a subset of isolates demonstrating high resistance was selected for molecular analysis to detect the presence of antibiotic resistance genes, including mecA, ermA, and ermB. The antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed varying degrees of effect...
Satya Narayana Rao Ramasamy1,2, Assis Kamu3 and Connie Fay Komilus1*
 
...y 4 days for monitoring purpose. It can be concluded that T1 (80 % krill 20 % crab waste) with high protein (30.02 %) and low lipid (5.43%) is best treatment that led to good FCR and BWG for small fish.
...

Ali Mobder Niyf*, Jafar Ghazi Abbas Al-Jebori 

... Awassi sheep. For this purpose, samples from thirty male and female sheep were taken from the uterus of healthy females, and the crown rump length formula (CRL) was used to classify the samples into four age groups for the prenatal stage. During the first age (50-55) days of gestation, we observed that the rectum wall was slightly wider from proximal part of large intestine, translucent white color and was composed of four histological tunicae: mucosa, plurip...

Qasim Jawad Amer, Wissam Ahmed Sabah Al-Janabi* 

...l populations. For this purpose, this study was designed to collect seventy-five blood samples (n=75) from camels of different ages of both sexes (male and female) from different areas of northern and southern Babylon.Each blood sample was placed in a special anticoagulant tube (EDTA), with a label containing the number, age, and sex, and tProcessed for analysis by microscopic examination and confirmed by PCR. The data analysis showed that among 75 camels, 17%...

Baraa Qasim Mohammed1, Asmaa Hamoody Abdullah1, Ahmed Raheem Rayshan2* 

...l antibiotics. For this purpose, a total of twelve ear swabs were taken from affected canines. The isolates were initially identified based on their morphological characteristics, such as size, color, and shape, as well as by Gram’s staining, biochemical tests, and Vitek2 system confirmation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was then confirmed by PCR assay. Importantly, all isolates tested positive for the ability to produce the virulence factor hemolysin, a phosp...

Hammad Ali, Basheer Ahmad, Asim Karim*, Saifullah and Salman Ahmad 

...α) diversity. The purpose of this research was to examine the biodiversity of the chir pine forests in the Abbottabad city region. Because this kind of forest is a distinct and significant ecological habitat, the researchers aimed to learn more about the different animals that call it home. The researchers employed a methodology to guarantee that their findings would accurately represent the entire forest. 72 plots, each 20 by 20 meters, were chosen rand...

Rand Kamil Abbas, Zahra Sadoon Hadi*, Ahmad Hassan Sahib 

...herapy. 

...

Rehan Ullah1, Fazli Rahim1, Muhammad Sajid1, Shakir Ullah2*, Shahab Ali2, Lubna Shakir3, Mohammad Sohail4 and Ghani Subhan5

...were used for medicinal purposes, followed by those used as vegetables and food sources. Additionally, 12 species served as fuel and timber, 10 were utilized for furniture-making, 4 for thatching, 2 as hedges, 2 for fruit, and 6 species were valued for ornamental purposes. The dominant plant families in the study area included Rosaceae with 10 species, followed by Fabaceae and Poaceae, each represented by 9 species. The fami...

Mohsin Raza1, Zeshan Hussain2, Fazil Abbas2, Muhammad Atiq Ashraf3, Hadj Henni Imene4 and Talha Riaz5

...ourth among food crops, surpassing cereals in yield and calorie production. However, potato production faces growing threats from various abiotic factors, pests, and pathogens, including bacteria, nematodes, viruses, viroids, fungi, and phytoplasmas. In Pakistan, significant viral infections, particularly PVY, PMTV, PLRV, PVM, PVS, PVA, and PVX, are of serious concern, with alarmingly high prevalence of PLRV, PVX, and PVY in key potato-growing regions. Effecti...
Muhammad Safdar1*, Muhammad Younus2, Faiz-ul Hassan1 and Yasmeen Junejo3
... food samples. For this purpose, a total of 150 samples including blood samples, tissue samples, laboratory prepared food samples and commercial foodstuffs including chicken karahi, beef biryani, chicken samosa, chicken pakora, haleem, nihari etc. were collected from Bahawalpur, Multan, and Rahim Yar Khan. DNA was extracted from all the targeted samples. We developed the first multiplex PCR assay to identify pork, donkey, and cow species origins in food produc...

Abdul Ghaffar1*, Maria Niaz1, Ghulam Abbas2, Riaz Hussain3, Fozia Afzal4, Habiba Jamil1, Ahrar Khan5,6, Rabia Tahir7, Muhammad Ahmad Chishti1, Shahnaz Rashid3, Shahzad Ali Gill8, Aliya Noreen9, Ayesha Maqsood1 and Kashfa Akram1

...sed retailers. For this purpose, blood of total 100 pesticide workers of different age groups were sampled in different areas of district Khanewal Punjab, Pakistan. Comparison was made with 100 non-exposed persons. Analysis of blood samples was done with the help of hematological analyzer and serum collected in this study was use for different biochemical tests. Hematological parameters including HGB, RBCs count, hematocrit, MCV, MCHC, monocytes, lymphocytes, ...

Abbas A. Khudhair1*, Mohammed A. Qathee2, Muhsin S.G. Almozie’l3, Kassim F. Abdulkarem4 

...boratory rats. For this purpose, thirty female rats were used after induction of hyperlipidemia through cholesterol administration, divided in to five groups and treated with different concentrations of pumpkin and rousovastatin. Pumpkin group (treated with 200mg/kg), rousovastatin group (treated with 20mg/kg) and comb group (treated with 20mg/kg rousovastatin and 200mg/kg pumpkin seed oil). Pumpkin and rousovastatin groups showed a significant decrease (p<...

Muhammad Mushtaq1, Ihsan Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Shuaib5*, Naila Chand1, Abubakar Sufyan3, Muqader Shah2, Ziaul Islam4, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Aamir Khan5, Qudrat Ullah2 and Usman Zeb6

...e in broilers. For this purpose, 120 days old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 4 groups comprised of group A (Control), group B (4×106spore @0.01 ml/L), group C (8×106 [email protected] ml/L) and group D (12×106[email protected] ml/L). Each group consisted of 3 replicates (n=10/replicate). The results revealed that water-supplemented B. clausii had no effect on daily feed intake in broiler chicks. However, higher (p<0.05) w...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

December

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 6, pp. 2501-3000

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