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Hanqin Shen1,3, Boliang Wu1,2, Guangwei Li1, Feng Chen1, Qingbin Luo1,3, Yimin Chen1, Qingmei Xie1,2,3*

...an evade the pressure of vaccination by genetic evolution and antigen variation. Moreover, the ratio of L226 in the haemagglutin (HA) receptor binding site has increased, which indicates that the H9N2 virus has the increasing potential to infection and cause human epidemics. The threat to the poultry industry and public health should not be ignored. In this review, we summarised the findings of recent studies on H9N2 AIVs epidemics and strategies for their pre...

Shumaila Manzoor1, Afshan Ahmed1 and Muhammad Abubakar2*

...h foot-and-mouth disease vaccination. The pattern of antibody titers in animals of different age groups was observed as less than 1 year, 1-2 years and more than 2 years for both ELISA and SNT. The peak immune response measured by SNT was 2.8log10 whereas ELISA detected serum antibody titer up to 2.4 log10. Findings showed that highest titers were seen in animals of age > 2 years i.e. 1.70 log10 (for sero...

Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj and Habibur Rahman

...nting the strategic mass vaccination programme. The decreased number of outbreaks in recent years as well as changes in the disease severity patterns and distribution might be due to the effectiveness of vaccine, timely vaccination, circulation of a single lineage virus and most importantly effective planning and implementation of the vaccination programme. Sharing the experiences on the P...

Aziz-ul-Rahman, Farooq Yousaf, Naveed Anwar and Muhammad Abubakar

... 2015 with no history of vaccination. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was performed using PPRV antigen to determine antibody titres level. The overall prevalence of antibodies to PPRV in goats and sheep were 66.22% (521 samples) and 65.76% (444 samples), respectively. Sero-prevalence of anti-PPRV antibodies was found higher in adults (69.14% with GMT 17.91) than in young (62.47% with GMT 12.85). Furthermore, seasonal seropositivity seasons was recorded ...

Ahmed Zein Mahmoud, Muaz Abdellatif and Ahmed Abdalla

...arming and warrants mass vaccination along with appropriate control measures.

...

Muhammad Afzal1 and Murad Khan2*

...y in large farms. Proper vaccination and medication was proposed to decrease losses due to high mortality particularly in large firms.

...

Gabriela Mansano do Nascimento, Helena Lage Ferreira and Clarice Weis Arns

 

...ccine production, better vaccination protocols and infection control in the future.

...
Uzma Farid Durrani1,*,Sagar Mal Goyal2, Asim Khalid Mahmood1,Cathleen Hanlon3, Susan Moore3, Muhammad Waqas1 and Raheela Akhtar4
...t-align: justify;">A pre-vaccination serological study was conducted on 100 puppies (< 3 months age), in rabies endemic Lahore city of Pakistan, to evaluate their maternal rabies virus neutralizing antibody titer (mRVNA). All puppies were whelped by dams regularly vaccinated with high quality inactivated rabies vaccines. Rapid Fluorescence Focus Inhibition Technique (RFFIT) revealed mRVNA titer (>0.5 IU/mL) in 29 puppies while 48 puppies showed mRVNA tit...

Wesam Hasan Mohamed Mady 1*, Bing Liu2, Dong Huang2, A. Arafa1, M.K. Hassan1, M.M. Aly1, Pucheng Chen2, Yongping Jiang2* and Hualan Chen2

...re collected weekly post vaccination for antibody detection by HI test. All immunized chickens shown high HI antibody titers (9Log2) two weeks post-booster dose. The chickens were then challenged using homogenous AI H9N2 strain. During the course of infections, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected from all chickens at 3, 5 and 7 days post-challenge (p.c.) for virus titration in eggs. Data indicated that all chickens vaccinated with pCA-Egy-H9 were fu...

Mahmoud Said1*, Abd El Satar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2* and Hussein A. Hussein2

...c in Egypt and extensive vaccinations are being applied for chicken flocks, which have maternal derived antibodies (MDA) for these viruses. To understand the interference of maternal derived immunity impact of maternal derived immunity interference in vaccination regimen in poultry, a total of one hundred day old commercial broiler chicks were vaccinated with LaSota. A group of chicks (n=40) were immunized using baculovirus ...

Furukh Faiz1,2, Muhammad Issa Khan2, Masood Sadiq2 and Haq Nawaz3

...itions for light, water, vaccination and experimental feed for 42 days. The body weight gain, feed intake and the feed conversion ratio was observed weekly. After 42 day of the growth, the birds were slaughter with the Islamic Halal Method and the blood samples of the birds were preserved for antioxidant enzymes assay analysis. The data showed that as the citrus waste percentage in the feed of the broiler was increased, its feed intake and the body weight decr...

Wesam Hasan Mohamed Mady1*, Bing Liu2, Dong Huang2, Abdel Satar Arafa1, Mohamed Khalifa Hassan1, Mona Mehrez Aly1, Pucheng Chen2, Yongping Jiang2* and Hualan Chen2

...virus in imperative. DNA vaccination is a promising new approach for the prevention and treatment of many viral diseases because of its ability to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses against antigens encoded by recombinant DNA. The goal of this study was to construct Egy-H5 plasmid DNA-based vaccine against a currently circulating avian influenza virus H5N1 strain in Egypt targeting the HA gene. The HA gene of AIV Egyptian strain H5N1 was codon o...

Lucas Pedroso Colvero1, Paulo Eduardo Brandão2*, Cesar Alejandro Rodriguez Rosales2, Hanny Swam3 and Laura Yaneth Buitrago Villarreal1 

 

...tween weeks 2 and 6 post-vaccination against IBV antigen, while for vaccine B group mean S/P ratio dropped to 0.550 at week 6. Virus neutralization test showed that birds vaccinated with vaccine A showed neutralizing antibodies against IBV Massachusetts, 4/91, D274 and Qx types, while titers for vaccine B were not detected, suggesting a role of the poor emulsion quality on the performance of vaccine B. These results demonstrate that effective quality control a...
Amjad Khan1,*, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq1, Mansur ud Din Ahmad1, Jawad Nazir1, Zahida Fatima2, Asghar Khan3 and Shahid Hussain Farooqi3
...industry stakeholders no vaccination against EI is performed, also the information regarding the epidemiology and occurrence of EI is lacking in Pakistan. We hereby attempted to determine the seroprevalence, investigating the EI outbreak 2015-16, and describing the demographic and management risk factors associated with seroprevalence of EIV. Using ELISA kit and HI as serological methods for diagnosis, we found a 24.13% (168/696) overall seroprevalence, where ...

Nukhbat-Ullah Awan1*, Muhammad Sohail2, Zeeshan Sarwar3, Muhammad Mustahsen Bashir4, Muhammad Abbas Khokhar5 and Asad Aizaz Chatha

...auma, incubation period, vaccination status and investigations were recorded. All patients were managed in ICU and early tracheostomy was performed in addition to standardized medical treatment. A total of 86% males with age 32±8.3 years presented the study participants. Results demonstrated thatmost common mode of trauma was road traffic accident, and majority (54%) of patients were never vaccinated. Incubation period noted was 7±1 days. Tracheo...
Saba Rafique1,2,*, Khalid Naeem1, Naila Siddique1, Muhammad Athar Abbas1, Aamer Ali Shah2, Akbar Ali1, Abdul Rahim1 and Farooq Rashid1
...lled-vaccine form in the vaccination program of the affected region.
...

Muhammad Hidayat Rasool*, Abuzar Muhammad Afzal*, Abu Baker Siddique*, Waseem Akram**, Muhammad Saqalein*, Madiha Basit* and Muhammad Farooq Tahir***

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF VIRO CARE GZ-08 AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN POULTRY AND ITS IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY
... Pakistan. Regardless of vaccination, other prevention and control measures are necessary to prevent ND outbreaks. Natural resources have been exploited to obtain antiviral compounds in several latest studies. In this study, the antiviral activity of Viro Care GZ-08™ was checked up invitro, in-ovo and in-vivo. The cytotoxicity assay of the product was performed using Vero cell line. All the trials revealed that the stock solution and 1:2 dilution of GZ-0...

 Ghazala Nawaz*, Muhammad Nawaz Malik**, Muhammad Hassan
Mushtaq***, Fraz Munir Ahmad****, Ali Abdullah Shah*****, Farooq
Iqbal******, Shinawar Waseem Ali*******, Zahida Fatima******** and
Amjad Khan*********

SURVEILLANCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN LIVESTOCK IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
... policy, therefore, mass vaccination is recommended to control brucellosis through local government support.

...
Lotta Wahldén1, 3, Ulf Emanuelson1, Torsten Møller2 and Jonas Johansson Wensman1*
...te immune response after vaccination have been performed. The objective of this study was to gain more knowledge about immune response following vaccination of the African wild dog, in order to improve husbandry in zoos and help wildlife conservation. In total, 146 serum samples from 47 individuals were analyzed. Serum neutralization test was used to determine presence of CDV antibodies, and an indirect IgG ELISA was us...

Murad Khan1* and Muhammad Afzal2 

... the respondents. Proper vaccination and medication is required to decrease the high mortality rate so that the losses due to mortality can be minimized. 

...
Amna Kausar1,2, Sana Anwar1, Naila Siddique2, Safia Ahmed1 and Javid Iqbal Dasti1,*
...ce programs and improved vaccination strategies are highly desirable.
...
Ali Zaman1,*, Abdul Haleem1, Sajjad Ur Rahman2, Adnan Amin3 Asma Saeed1, Sana Ullah4 and Naimat Ullah4
...f season, health status, vaccination, housing system, biosecurity and housing zones and non- significant (P>0.05) association with rearing system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first sero-prevalence report of avian influenza (H5) in broilers in these districts of the province. Necessary measures are required to overcome the situation and improve vaccination and hygiene.
...
Abdul Wajid1,*, Asma Basharat2, Muhammad Akbar Shahid3, Sidra Tul Muntaha1, Abdul Basit4, Tanveer Hussain5, Muhammad Farooq Tahir6, Muhammad Azhar7, Masroor Ellahi Babar1 and Shafqat Fatima Rehmani2
...priate administration of vaccination, FAdV outbreaks have been reported and caused significant losses in poultry flocks throughout Pakistan in recent years. To identify the serotype and gain a better understanding of the genetic properties of the FAdV strains responsible for recent outbreaks, the sequence analysis of hexon gene of 10 isolates associated with IBH and HPS was determined. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis based on direct sequencing of ...

G. Venkatesan* and Amit Kumar  

...n natural infection post-vaccination in target species and repeated host susceptibility. However, these genes are variable among ORFV isolates/strains as they are not located in central part of genome and some of them are either virus specific namely Viral interferon resistant (VIR) and GM-CSF/IL2 inhibition factor (GIF) genes and or host specific namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-E) and viral IL-10 genes. ORFV can cause high morbidity in adults ...

Waqas Ali* and Mudasser Habib 

...1. Therefore, under mass vaccination campaigns and drastic environmental conditions strains under negative selection has the ability to make escape mutants. 

...
Syeda Beenish Bukhari1, Sidra Khalid1*, Shahid Bashir1, Riffat Mehboob2, Humaira Waseem2
...hat barriers to complete vaccination course were lack of information, myths, un-availability, non-affordability, fear of side effects and fear of lack of safety of vaccination procedure/ dirty needles. Analysis revealed a significant association between maternal education and barriers to complete vaccination course.
...

Omer Baris Ince* 

...e is endemic, protective vaccinations are performed with inactive vaccines of suitable serotype and measures are taken in order to reduce the prevalence of the disease. In this study, blood samples were collected from clinically healthy sheep and bovine in the surrounding region of the southeast of Konya province that were classified as non-vaccinated, single-vaccinated, multiple vaccinated, aged 0-1 and 1-3 and male and female starting from the third month fo...

Muhamamd Naeem1 and Murad Khan2* 

...ing cost, medication and vaccination cost. These costs were high in the winter season than the summer season. The mortality rates were also high in the winter season. The lighting cost was comparatively less in summer season. Broiler and breeding cost was also low. The consumption of breeding was less and the price of broiler was low in the summer season as compared to winter season but revenue and production were higher due to high demand and consumption in w...

Fady Samir1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Manal M. Zaki1, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shaimaa A. E. Nasr1, El Shaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1* 

...tify;">Despite intensive vaccination programs in many countries, including Egypt, Newcastle disease still being a significant threat to the poultry industry. Bad management for poultry byproducts (e.g. manure) might be a reason for environmental pollution which contaminate the environment either chemically through haphazard usage of medications and or biologically through massive use of homologous/heterologous vaccines especially the live ones. The a...

Muhammad Rehan1, Asim Aslam1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Muhammad Abid2, Shakeel Hussain3, Javeria Umber4, Ahsan Anjum1 and Altaf Hussain2* 

...world. Despite intensive vaccination, ND is endemic in Pakistan and locally known as Ranikhet. Wild birds are considered natural reservoirs of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and some common resident or migratory wild birds are associated with outbreaks of ND in commercial poultry in Pakistan. Continuous isolation of new genotypes in Pakistan shows the evolving nature of the virus and the emergence of new strains is limiting in its diagnosis and control. Pakista...

Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba1, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1*, Gamelat Kotb Farag Kotb2, Amany Adel3 

...eported in Egypt despite vaccination. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize infectious bursal disease (IBD) viruses circulating in Egypt during the period of 2017 - 2018. Sixteen pooled bursal tissue samples were collected from IBD suspected (9 Egyptian balady and 7 broiler) chicken flocks located in different localities at Sharkia governorate, Egypt. These samples were subjected for direct detection of a 620 bp hypervariable region in the V...

Mustasim Famous*, Obaidul Islam, Shameema Khatun, Mohammed Mustafizur Rahman and Tania Ferdoushi 

... farms maintain a common vaccination schedule, other farms use only new-castle disease vaccine. Most of the turkey farmers rear turkey in small scale semi-intensive system (50%) was generally practiced by the rural farmers. They have very little idea about breed and variety of turkey and prevention of diseases of turkey. But farmers have very little knowledge about turkey management procedure. There is no specific feeding standard for turkey. Farmers used to f...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1,*, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2, Irshad Ahmad3, Ikramul Haq4, Kashif Prince1, Asad Ullah5, Muhammad Shoaib2, Shahid Zaman6, Amjad Islam Aqib7, Ghazunfar Rashid1, Mahboob Ali1, Imdad Ullah Khan4,Imad Khan5, Naimat Ullah4 and Muhammad Shahid8
...d 60th day of vaccination with indirect haemagglutination test (IHA). The results showed significantly higher (P< 0.05) immune titer in vitamin E supplemented animals groups against C. perfringens type D epsilon toxin.
...

Khaled Kaboudi* 

...nd the implementation of vaccination in some countries. Regional control strategy needs to be performed. Creation of regional surveillance network is highly recommended.  

...

Naglaa M. Hagag1*, Mervat E. Hamdy1, Mary A. Sargious1, Sara M. Elnomrosy1, Nahed A. Ahmed1, Ayman A. Hamed1, Ahmed R. Habashi1, Essam I. Ibrahiem1, Mahmoud A. Abdel-Hakim2 and Momtaz A. Shahein

...ed as a major problem in vaccination. Because the vaccine strains should match those strains circulating in the field, an updated vaccine is required to control the disease. Monitoring of FMDV in neighboring countries is essential to predict those strains that might escape into Egypt.  

...

Bamigboye Olutoyin Omolara1, Fapohunda Funmilayo Omotoyosi1, Oladipo Elijah Kolawole1,2, Oni Mattthew Olujenyo1, Ajibade Oluwatosin Akinola1, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin1* 

...infection. Likewise, HBV vaccination in HIV-infected patients is encouraged with careful monitoring for liver function, particularly those under ART.  

...
Majeeda Rasheed1*, Tanveer Akhtar1, Nadia Mukhtar2, Muhammad Furqan Shahid2, Muhammad Imran3, Saima Yaqub2
...ary intervention such as vaccination on mass scale, animal movement control etc for disease management in future.
...
Sitara Nawaz1, Shamaila Irum1, Haroon Ahmed2, Shazia Shamas1, Sadia Roshan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi4, Irfan Ullah5*, Gulnaz Parveen3*
.... A public awareness and vaccination program is needed to control the spread factors. There should be an eradicated for breeding sites by keeping the surrounding clean. 
 

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Dorcas Yilger Gotom1, Noble Allison Chiehiura1, Julius Ocheme Okojokwu1, David Ochola Amanyi2, John Otumala Egbere1, Joshua Adetunji1, Otobo Innocent Ujah3 and Onyemocho Audu4

The Seroprevalence of Zika Virus Infection among HIV Positive and HIV Negative Pregnant Women in Jos, Nigeria
...ter, fever, yellow fever vaccination, rashes and parity was found for anti-ZIKV IgG positivity in the groups. Our results showed high seroprevalence among the pregnant women, an indication that the ZIKV antigen that triggered the antibodies response is in circulation, therefore, suggest the need for ZIKV surveillance and larger study on specific IgM antibodies in Nigeria.

...
Hassam Ud Din1*, Huma Rizwana1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2, Kaleem Ullah2 and Muhammad Din2
Evaluation of Production Performance and Marketing of Small Ruminants in District Dukki, Balochistan
...ely. Per animal feeding, vaccination, shepherd, marketing and miscellaneous charges was 59256, 3838, 139440, 50202 and 29186 rupees. An amount of 1370, 53.47 and 12.84 rupees per animal received from sale of animal, wool / hair and manure, respectively. Net return of 1450.18 rupees per animal was received from total expenditure (729.10 per animal) and gross revenue (737.26 per animal). The input output ratio in Vialla Dukki was 1:2.03, in Thal was 1:2.01, in N...
Zeki Aras1*, Gökçenur Sanioğlu Gölen1, Zafer Sayin2 and Ali Evren Haydardedeoğlu3
...tus. The control and vaccination programs for the fight against C. abortus infection should be determined and implemented in Turkey.
...

Masoud Hassani1* and Omid Madadgar2,3

Serological Evidence of Bluetongue in Iran: A Meta-Analysis Study
...ovement restrictions and vaccination program to reduce.

...

Sidra Shehzadi, Sher Bahadar Khan*, Umar Sadique and Saqib Nawaz

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Clostridium perfringens Type D in Goats in District Peshawar
...diagnosis, treatment and vaccination. A total of 100 fecal samples  were collected aseptically from four different zones of district Peshawar during the period of February, 2019 to April, 2019. C. perfringens  Type D was confirmed through bacterial culturing, Gram staining, biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . Results revealed that 25 feacal samples collected from suspected goats were positive for C. perfringens  Type D  ...
Rabia Riaz1, Khushi Muhammad1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muhammad Amjad Iqbal2, Aamir Riaz Khan2, Sadia Sarfaraz1, Mudassar Naseer3 and Khalid Majeed1
... controlled through mass vaccination. Antibody response of birds to inactivated MG vaccine is poor. On 7th day of age (broilers: n=40) each bird of group A, B, C and D (n=8) was vaccinated (subcutaneous: 0.3ml) with G-MG, O-MG, G-MG+NDV (New castle Disease Virus) and O-MG vaccines, respectively. Serum samples were collected on 21, 28 and 35 days post vaccination for anti-MG-ELISA antibody titer. Cumulative mean anti-MG-ELISA...

Saad A. Moussa1, Ahmed F. Afify1*, Suzan Salah2 and Ayman Hamed3

...for further diagnosis or vaccination. In cattle, Betacoronavirus 1 bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is primarily involved in enteric infections which leads to serious complication which may be fatal in young calves up to 3 months of age. A total of 20 fecal samples were collected in the winter season of 2018 and 2019, all samples were serologically screening by antigen-capture ELISA, then molecular confirmation by RT-PCR targeted to nucleocapsid protein gene (N-gene)...

Mian Muhammad Arif* and Malik Muhammad Shafi

...lity rate through proper vaccination, medication, and better management techniques.

...

Summara Abbasi* and Khalid Nawab

...ificial insemination and vaccination while at least 51% was reported about livestock management. Improved feeding was very active as 70% of farmers were well informed followed by breed status recorded by 70% of the farmers. Demographic results showed that 63% of respondents were literate with an average age of 51 years and farming experience of upto 11 years. Results from the binary logistic model indicate that number of family members, farm knowledge, accessi...

Walaa ,S. Shabanaa;Bakr, A. Abdallaa; Eman, M. ELShalamia; I.M. Redab; M. A. Shalabyb

...the 32 to 36th week post vaccination,
In single vaccination either FMD or RFV alone while till to 40th WPV in combined FMD/RVF
vaccine.In the final we can conclude that the use of Montanide ISA 50 as an oil adjuvant in prepared
vaccines improve the immune response against FMD and RVF, giving high titer of antibodies
against both diseases, and long duration of immunity in combin...

Hiam M. Fakhry and Assem A.A.

...hile till 10th week post vaccination with foot and mouth disease zeolite + oil vaccine. The humeral immune responses were monitored in different tested groups that revealed the immune responses in sheep vaccinated with trivalent foot and mouth disease vaccine adjuvanted with zeolite similar to results of trivalent foot and mouth disease oil vaccine continue up to 32 week . While addition of zeolite to foot and mouth disease Montanoide oil vaccine increases imm...

Yasser F. Elnaker 1, Mohamed El-Tholoth 2, Sahar Saber 3, Amira A- Elsaid4, Mohamed A. Saad 3, Emad E. Younis 5

...py skin disease, despite vaccination of dams 4 months before parturition with sheep poxvirus vaccine (Kenyan strain). The diseased calves showed localized or generalized skin nodules with or without fever. Skin lesions were collected from clinically diseased calves for virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs for three passages followed by ten successive passages in Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) and identification of isolated virus was done by indirect i...

Walaa Abd El-Fatah S. Metwally1, Ismail M. Reda2, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2, Mohamed Abd El-Khalek Ali2

.../dose after 3 weeks post vaccination and remained high till 30 weeks post vaccination with protective antibody titer and protection against challenge followed by the ratio of 30% Chicken strain to 70 %Duck strains of AI containing 256 HA unit/dose which gave high antibody titer after 4 weeks post vaccination and remained high till 26 weeks post vaccination

Fawzy Rania1, AboElkhair M.1, Bazid A.M.1, Sultan H.2, Hussien A.H.3

... evaluating the existing vaccination programs.

...

Nashwa M. Helmy1 and Ahmed S. A.2

...v>
irrespective of vaccination status. NSPs, unlike structural proteins are highly conserved
and therefore are not serotype specific and as a consequence, the detection of these
antibodies is not serotype restricted. The current study aimed on detection of early NSPs
in apparently healthy cattle, and detects FMDV by real-time RT-PCR and Indirect
sandwich ELISA in suspected samples. The serum samples were co...

Amir M. Walaa1 ; Ausama Yousif1; Walid H. Kilany2; Magdy El-Sayed1; Ahmed A. El-Sanousi1

...at 3, 7 and 10 days post vaccination and post challenge as well. Groups 3 &4 showed high protection with all serological tests. Based on our findings Vaccine Manufactured with the Local Strains & Montanide ISA 71 proved to be a good Vaccine as the groups received it as booster after priming with live vaccination, showed high and good protection against IBV especially after challenge with wild live IBV virus where the...

Hanan M. El-Zahed, Hanaa A. Mostafa, Nermeen M. El Sayed and Lamiaa M. Omar

... within the 6 weeks post vaccination with AI vaccine in the sera of different chicken subgroups using HI test. It is clearly observed that AI HI antibody mean titers in S/C and in DW CAV vaccinated subgroups at the period between 3rd and 6th WPV with inactivated AI vaccine are high, homogenous and protective (titer range from 27.8 to 211) Also, these titers lay within the range of that titer of the vaccinated chicken with AI vaccine alone (AI control group) as...

Nashwa M. Helmy1, Ahmed S. Ahmed2, and Zeinab3 Y. Mohamed

...from cattle 4 weeks post vaccination with local attenuated sheep pox virus vaccine located in Sharkia and Fayoum governorates. Methods: Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was isolated from skin biopsies collected from clinically infected cattle. The virus was isolated on MDBK cell line and identified by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) using specific hyper immune serum against LSDV. Further identifications were...

Lamya A. F. Ateya1 , Said. A .Ahmed2, Khamees K.S. Ashraf3, Heba A. Abdel-Hady4

...al trade. The preventive vaccinations followed by sero-survey have been implemented for the control of FMD. Objectives: 3ABC ELISA is highly effective for early identification of infected and vaccinated animals. Our study was designed for assessment of vaccination by local and imported FMD vaccines in cattle sera in Kalubeya Governorate. Methods: 220 serum samples were tested for FMD NSP by 3ABC Trapping ELISA.20 serum sampl...

Naglaa F.S. Awad1, Gamelat K.F. Kotb2

...ities started a national vaccination program against the disease. However, RHDV
clinical cases are still being reported.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate genetic characterization of recent RHDV isolates from
naturally-infected rabbits in Sharkia governorate, Egypt in 2015/2016.
Methods: A total of 24 clinical samples were investigated by real-time reverse transcription PCR
(RRT-PCR). Hemagg...

Lamiaa M. Omar, Mohamed A. Abdrabo, Dali M. Omar, Nermeen A. Marden

Dina A. Abdulrahman1, Ayman H. EL-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shaheen1 & Hussein A. Hussein2

...ction in Egypt. Although vaccination is
practiced to control the disease, it is still endemic. Moreover, emergence of new strains is possible
through the international borders of the endemic countries. Consequently, there is a dire need for
routine molecular characterization of the circulating FMDV strains to ensure the rapid detection of any
new or mutant strains and update the used vaccine accordingly.
<...
Maha M. Khedr1, Reem A. Suliman1, Marwa F. Mohamed1, Mounir D. El Safty1, Hussein A.
Hussein2
...
efficacy of vaccination against avian influenza in early age in chicks.
Methods: Eight groups of one-day old commercial broiler chicks were kept in isolators along the whole
period of the study. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were vaccinated with the prepared vaccine; group 4, 5 and 6 were
vaccinated with one of the imported reassortant H5N1 containing 300 HAU at 1, 5 and 10 days of age;
respectively. Groups 7 an...
Hussein A. Hussein, Maha Khedr, Reem A. Suliman, Marwa F. Mohamed, Mounir D. El
Safty
... challenged 4 weeks post vaccination and tracheal and cloacal swabs were taken at 3, 5, 7, and 10 days
post challenge and tested by real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) and virus isolation and titration in SPF ECE.
Results: Results of HI demonstrated significant difference between groups in relation to age of vaccination,
where the groups vaccinated at 10 days of age were significantly higher compar...
Dalia M. Omar1, Nermeen A. Marden1, Lamiaa M. Gaafar1, Elham A. El-ebiary1, Khalid El-Dougdoug2, Badawi Othman2, Abd Elsattar Arafa3, Hussein A. Hussein4
...nd human hazard although vaccination programs applied and other control
measures.
Objectives: The present study was designed for detection, isolation, identification and characterization
of Avian influenza viruses (AIV) circulating among poultry in 2016 to determine its suitability to be
used in vaccine quality control in Egypt.
Methods: The newly isolated virus was identified and subtyped antigenical...

Nermeen A. Marden1, Lamiaa M. Gaafar1, Hussein A. Hussein2

...od, was done through the vaccination-challenge pathway of SPF chickens
to estimate the protection percent of each vaccine against both classical and variant HPAI viruses.
While, the invitro method was done by the direct detection of the viral content and viral identity using
the rRT-PCR technique from final product of these inactivated vaccines.
Results: The data of this study showed that sufficient HA antigen co...

Rana A. Rabiea1, Mohamed Fawzy2, Mohamed H. Khodeir3 and MokhtarM. EL-Tarabili2

...ntation of well-designed vaccination programs using highly potent
and safe vaccines.
Aim: The present study investigated the effect of simultaneous administration of inactivated AI
vaccine and live attenuated TRT vaccine on the immune response of turkey chickens.
Methods: Four groups of bronzy turkey chickens were used in this study; group-1 received live
attenuated TRT vaccine, group-2 received inact...
Riham H. Bassam, Hussein A. Hussein, Mohamed M. Amer, Basem M. Ahmed and Ahmed A. El-Sanousi
... history of previous IBV vaccination except for backyard chickens and
ducks. Sequence analysis for three IBV detected viruses had shown 99% similarity with VAR2
serotype present in Egypt.
Conclusion: VAR2-IBV is circulating among chickens demonstrating mortalities which affect poultry
industry in Lebanon.
...

Aml S. El-Saadany1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2 and Hussien A. Hussien2

...control strategy and the vaccination failure of IBDV in broiler flocks specially the extensive
abuse of using classical vaccines.
...

Mohamed F. ElKersh1, Fatma M. Abdalla2, Gamilat K. Farg2, Soad A. Nasef3, Ahmed A. Ali2

...nt in Egypt to use it in vaccination program. Methods:In this study, we collected 122 sample representing 12 different area in Egypt and seven different species of poultry produced and traded in Egypt. These samples were isolated on SPF eggs, detected for AIV infection Via HA, RT-PCR and gene sequencing. We analyzed the sequence on gene bank to compare it with the other AIV strains
Results: We found 35 and 55 samples showed positive result for H5 a...
Hanan Sayed1, Mohamed S. Madkour1, Hussein A. Hussein2, Mounir Mohamed Elsaft 3,
Marwa F. El saied3, Ahmed A El-Sanousi2
...on for H9N2 and NDV post vaccination by inactivated
trivalent (H9N2, LaSota, M41 and Var2 IB) vaccine based mainly on repetition of challenge.
Methods: We prepared formalin inactivated combined vaccine for Avian Influenza (H9N2N),
Newcastle (La), and IB (M41 and Var 2) by using montanide 71 adjuvant. The prepared vaccine was
injected intramuscularly in specific pathogen free and commercial layer chicken, the inje...

Hanan Sayed 1, Mohamed S. Madkour 1, Hussein A. Hussein 2, Ahmed A El-Sanousi 2

... IBV (M41 and Var2) post vaccination by
inactivated combined (H9N2, LaSota, M41 and Var2 IB) vaccine based on laboratory tests and
repetition of challenge test.
Methods: We prepared formalin inactivated combined vaccine for Avian Influenza (H9N2N),
Newcastle (La), and IB (M41 and Var 2) by using montanide 71 adjuvant. The prepared vaccine was
injected intramuscularly in specific pathogen free and comm...

Youssef A. Elgharbawy1, Mervat M. Ali1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Mohamed A. Shalaby2

...pox virus (SPV) used for vaccination cattle flocks against LSD due to immunological relationship between LSD and SPV. There have been numerous attempts to produce live attenuated LSD vaccine but it has stopped due to the seriousness of the disease's return to its virulence and the post vaccinal reaction of the vaccine so we prepare inactivated LSD virus(LSDV) vaccine to immunize the cattle with safe vaccine .Ismailia isolate of LSD was propagated and titrated ...

Abdelaziz A. Yassin, Ayman H. El Deeb, Abeer E. Mansour, Hussein A. Hussein

...nd IL-2 at 21st day post vaccination. Lymphocytic proliferation assays demonstrated the continuous response of lymphocytes started at the 3rd day till reaches peak at 28th day post vaccination then start to decline. Whereas the peak titers for antibodies were reported at the 28th day post vaccination. Indeed, the study reports the role of ail adjuvant in stimulating the cellular response f...

Wesley D. Nafarnda, Japhet H. Baraya, Olatunde H. Olabode, Malang K. Simon

...l Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccination has been documented as a
method for control of the disease with varied effects in scavenging rural poultry especially in Nigeria.
Aim: This cross sectional study was conducted to establish the impact of V4 thermostable ND
vaccination on rural poultry productivity using corn bran (dusa) as alternative vaccine carrier in five
Local Government ...
Hadeer M. Mossa, Ausama A. Yousif, Emad A. Aboelsoud, Mahmoud El Gamal, Ahmed El-
Sanousi

Mohamed M. Mashaly1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahein1, Hussein A. Hussein2

...attle population despite vaccination, which may incur some
debates on the efficacy of current live attenuated vaccines against CaPVs. The virus isolation,
identification, and vaccine or other diagnostic preparations mainly depend on the proper culture used.
Objective: Our aim was to study the growth kinetic of recent LSDV isolate to determine the culture
properties of recent LSDV isolated from skin nodule that co...
Soad, E. Elsayed 1, Mohammed A. Shalaby2, Ausama A. Yousef2, Abu bakr A. Agor1,
Sherouk E. Aly1
...od of control is through vaccination of the
livestock with a potent vaccine.
Objective: Process development of the current formulations and generating new ones is crucial.
Currently, Montanide ISA 206 is the adjuvant used in FMDV vaccine produced in Egypt which is
w/o/w microemulsion.
Methods: We aimed to increase the efficacy of the conventional formulation by converting the
microemulsion...
Shourok E. Aly 1, Karim Zaki1, Soad E. Elsayed2, M. Elgamal2, Ausama A. Yousef1, Mohamed A. Shalaby1
...l and
yearly vaccination of livestock using an aluminum hydroxide gel-adjuvanted inactivated Rift Valley
fever virus (RVFV) vaccine.
Objective: Herein, we aimed to enhance the immunogenicity of the conventional vaccine by
developing a smaller particle size vaccine formulation through ultrasonic dispersion of aluminum
hydroxide adjuvant.
Methods: This was achieved by ultrasonication of alum...
Karim M. Selim1, Abdullah A. Selim1, abdelsattar Arafa1, Hussein A. Hussein2, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2
...is study we compared two vaccination programs against NDV in chickens,
one using genotype VII inactivated and live NDV vaccine are available in the market and
second group used genotype II inactivated LaSota vaccine with live vaccine.
Method: NDV isolate designated NDV-GZ-986F-2015 was isolated from a commercial
broiler farm in Egypt and characterized as a virulent strain was used for challenge. Contact
Arsalan Khan1*, Navid Anjum2, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Shakeeb Ullah3
Ali Zaman3, Kamran Safdar3, Khalid Muhammad3, Ambrina Tariq4
Muhammad Inam Malik3, Muhammad Kamal Shah3, Atiq ur Rehman3 
and Hamza Maris3
...er 01-month period, post vaccination. The results revealed that physically the number of ticks were significantly reduced (P<0.05%) using crude larval extract vaccine (78.4%) than standard acaricidal drugs, ivermectin (63.24%) being conventionally used.
...

Altaf Hussain1*, Muhammad Saad Ashraf3, Asim Shamim1, Mohsin Nawaz1, Arslan Mehboob2 and Urooj Fatima2

... use of mass and intense vaccination regimens, the disease continues to sustain in many countries around the globe including Pakistan. However, to some extent, the epidemic strains and epidemic patterns predominant strains of IBDV in Pakistan is unclear. This highlights the need to characterize field strains of IBDV to ascertain the evidence of vaccine failure and to establish foundations for the development of vaccine matching with the epidemic strains.

...

Lungile Gumede1,2, Thobela L. Tyasi1, Teedzai Chitura1*, Khanyisile R. Mbatha3 

...r BaPedi goats following vaccination with blanthrax vaccine. Twelve clinically healthy BaPedi goats with an average body weight of 19 ± 1.47 kg and an average age of 11±0.26 months were randomly selected from the flock at the University of Limpopo experimental farm. The experiment was conducted in three phases which are adaption, vaccination and moringa inclusion over 42 days. At the end of the first week of th...

Syed Haseeb Ahmed Shah, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Abdul Samad, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Sumaira Fazal, Niamatullah Kakar, Sabeera Afzal and Asadullah

...rovided to the birds and vaccinations against Newcastle disease and Infectious bursal disease (IBD) were done at 9th, 19th and 11th, 23rd day, respectively. The results of current study revealed that there was non-significant difference (P>0.05) among treatment groups in feed intake and relative visceral organ weight. Whereas, a significant difference between control and AGPs supplemented groups (solely or combination) were noted in weight gain (WG), feed c...

Safaa M. Barghash1*, Amani A. Hafez2

...opment of immunity after vaccination in rats against Pasteurella multocida. T. evansi-infected and non-infected Wester Albino rats immunized against pasteurellosis with two vaccines; one is commercial, and the other is a formalin-killed vaccine (prepared from a local strain), and subsequently challenged virulent P. multocida. The differences in the regulation of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL12, IL6, and IL10 cytokine levels expression, were assessed as biomarke...

Basanta Kumar Adhikari1*, Deepak Subedi1*, Sumit Jyoti1, Krishna Kaphle2, Chet Narayan Kharel3, Doj Raj Khanal4

...earch and investigation, vaccination and regulatory policies on transboundary animal movements should be implemented to prevent the potential outbreak of the disease. This is the first-ever report of sero-detection of CCPP antibodies in the goat population of Nepal. This article confirms the presence of CCPP in Nepal and the potential circulation of the pathogen to other parts of the country warranting the concerned authorities and farmers to be vigilant for k...

Manish Gautam1*, Pravakar Kattel2 and Krishna Kaphle3

...e geographical range but vaccination is yet to be introduced. The disease doesn’t have any specific treatment only treatment after infection is supportive therapy but it is reported that control and prevention are possible by immunization, maintaining biosecurity in the herd, controlling the vector, and isolating the infected animals.

...

Md. Taimur Islam1*, Mirza Mienur Meher2, Anas Bin Harun3 and Md. Golam Haider1

 

...ing practices and proper vaccination should be taken into consideration for the prevention of these respiratory diseases to ensure sustainable poultry production in Bangladesh.

...

Mohamed A. Hussein1, Bahgat A. Abd El-Rehman2, Kareem A. Eldin2, Mohamed Fouad Mansour1* 

...d from the 1st week post-vaccination till the peak at 5th, 4th and 3th months in groups vaccinated with Ch-NPsV, AlP-NPsV and AlHV respectively. Conversely, neutrophil count decreased in vaccinated groups. No change was detected between groups in serum kidney function enzymes. Cytokine profile including IL-2 was markedly increased from 1st day after inoculation and elevated moderately till arrived to the peak at the 5th, 7th and 10th days post-

A. El-Shemy1*, Hoda M. Mekky2, M. A. Bosila2, A. M. Allam1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi2, M. M. Amer3 

... applying an appropriate vaccination program for breeder duck flocks is significant in controlling DHAV-1 infection. Thus, we recommend the application of further studies to detect the efficacy of the used vaccine against the current field strains of DHAV-1

Keywords | Nervous signs, DHAV-1, RT-PCR, Nucleotide sequences, Phylogenetic analysis 

...

Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi1 , Sameh Abdel- Moez Ahmed Amer1, Asmaa Mahmoud Matoaq1 , Mohamed Abdel Aziz Kutkat1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel-Alim2  

...of improved vaccines and vaccination protocols to reduce clinical disease and mortality is necessary. The current study evaluated the efficacy of different NDV vaccines used in poultry flocks in Egypt: live attenuated NDV vaccines (genotype II) and live recombinant herpes virus of turkey (rHVT-ND-IBD) alone or in combination with inactivated NDV vaccines either of genotypes II or VII (commercially available or autogenously prepared). Different

Muhammad Tariq Navid1,2*, Mian Muhammad Awais2*, Muhammad Irfan Anwar2 and Masood Akhtar2

...for avian influenza (AI) vaccination while they are directly connected with migratory carrier birds throughout their life. Keeping in view this study was design. Four Tehsils of district Multan were selected to investigate asymptomatic backyard poultry birds for presence of AIVs. For this purpose, a total of 213 birds were randomly selected and from each bird sera, oro-pharyngeal and cloacal swab samples were collected in sterile containers. About 13.61% of th...
Abdullah Iqbal1, Muhammad Abubakar2, Shumaila Manzoor3, Muhammad Kamran Ameen4 and Rani Faryal1*
 
...st PPR after one week of vaccination. The mean percent inhibition value of competition-ELISA of group 2 was half the mean percent inhibition values of group 3 and group 4 after one week of vaccination. There was no antigen shedding through nasal or fecal route after vaccination in any animal included in the study. 

...

Chanathip Thammakarn1*, Sawanya Umphonphison1, Paitoon Kaewhom2, Kanokrat Srikijkasemwat1 

...ermined that the routine vaccination programs used in farms can control PCV2 efficiently since continuing vaccination.

Keywords | Antibody, ORF2 gene, PCV2, Prevalence, Thailand 

...

Saba Rehman1, Faisal Salih Hayat1, Sadia Norin2, Abdul Aziz1, Siddiq Ur Rahman1* and Noor ul Haq1*

...d to escape the approved vaccinations. Here the VOC mutations i.e., OMICRON VARIANT have been discussed in detail, and the therapeutic strategies to enhance the host immune responses have been proposed. Additionally, a computational approach is proposed to design the drug and vaccine for the variant. The protein structure for the OMICRON variant has been predicted through bioinformatics tools and several databases have been used to identify suitable natural in...

Soshe Ahmed1*, Mst. Ishrat Zerin Moni1, Maksuda Begum2, Md. Jafar Eqbal3, Md. Shahidul Islam4, Mst. Samira Tanjim1, Mst. Rokeya Sultana1 

...in on day 2 via eye drop vaccination, along with other basic immunization schemes. After 14 days of ND vaccination, post-vaccination sera samples were collected and subjected to an HI test to determine antibody titers. The Haemagglutination inhibition test was done using Newcastle Disease Virus LaSota strain NLT 106.0 EID50 antigen. Post-hatch feed and water deprivation durations significa...

Ayesha Bakhtiar1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Abdul Rauf Bhatti3*, Shabir Ahmad2, Naqash Khalid2, Javed Iqbal5, Azra Nadeem4 and Waqas Ahmad1

...d the Lasota (vaccine-2) vaccination, displayed high antibody titers throughout the experiment. In terms of geometric mean titers, there was a significant difference (p 0.05) between the groups. On days 7, 14, 21, and 35 of the experiment, data on other performance indicators, including as feed intake, water intake, total body weight, and feed conversion ratio (FCR), were gathered. Throughout the course of the trial, there were significant differences in these...
Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel Alim2
...ic measures and suitable vaccination programmes to protect chickens against both IBD and NDV infection as the current control and prevention regimes, including vaccines and vaccination protocol are not adequate against either single or mixed infection infections with IBD and/or ND.
 
Keywords | Broiler chickens, NDV genotype VII.1.1, IBDV, Immune-stimulants, HI-test, H/L ratio
...
Syeda Fakhra Waheed1, Asim Aslam1*, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Beenish Zahid3
...despite mass and intense vaccination regimens. Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important immunosuppressive diseases of the poultry and has been a constraint on sustainable food security around the globe, including Pakistan. This disease damages the bursa of Fabricius (BF), which causes immunosuppression in birds. A total of 50 tissue samples from backyard chicken flocks presenting suspected symptoms were collected during February 2020 and Ma...
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Muhammad Sufyan Khan1, Tooba Saeed2, Mohammad Ilyas3 and Hazrat Husaain4
... viral attack. Moreover, vaccination is also referred to improve the immunity against this viral attack.
...

Omnia M. Khattab1, Morcos I. Yanni2, Hala K. Abdelmegeed2, Mahmoud Eliwa1, Naglaa M. Hagag1, Sara M. Elnomrosy1

...openia, PCR, Sequencing, vaccination, screening, VP2and Egypt
...

Asim Faraz1, Amal AlKharusi2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel4, Syeda Maryam Hussain5, Abdul Waheed1*, Muhammad Arslan Akbar6

...dentification, weighing, vaccination, deworming, dipping, spraying, hoof trimming, shearing, breeding, lab screening and weather management were practiced to increase the fertility and decrease the mortality percentage. Average birth weight was improved from 3.5 to 3.6, 4, 4.4 and 4.5 kg in 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively due to these adopted practices. Average weaning weight was improved from 27 to 28, 30, 32 and 33 kg in 2014-15,...

Rafik Soliman1*, Rafik H. Sayed2, Hanan Mahmoud3, Heidy Abo El-Yazeed1, Marsell Saad1, Shaimaa Abdelall Elsaady2, Khalid Sh3 

...subclinical mastitis the vaccination and /or antibiotic treatment induced significant decrease in the somatic cell counts (P<0.01). Also, significant reduction of the CFU/ml of the examined milk samples (P<0.01) and spontaneous recovery were recorded. No case proceeds to clinical mastitis for an observation period of 20 weeks. These finding showed that the prepared vaccine is potent and able to protect cow against mastitis and able to reduce the disease...

Muhammad Mohsin Abbas1*, Sajjad Ur Rahman1, Muhammad Abubakar2, Muhammad Imran Arshad1 and Khurram Ashfaq3

Navjot Hothi 

... states have run several vaccination drives, but 100% vaccination has not been achieved yet. The disease has subsided in the autumn and winter months, leading to callousness amongst farmers about getting their livestock vaccinated. Trends suggest that this disease could resurface in the summer of 2023 and could also spread across the nation, with the fear of becoming endemic. The virus can survive for months in dark enclosur...

Kinza Javed1, Muhammad Ali1, Waqas Farooq2, Majeeda Rasheed1*, Farkhanda Yasmin3, Samiya Rehman3, Sadaf ul Hira1 and Jawad Ali3

.... Its control is done by vaccination and quarantine of infected animal to prevent its contact with the healthy animals.

...

Mohamed Mahrous Amer1*, Hanaa Sayed Fedawy2, Hoda Mohamed Mekky2, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi2, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila2

...security, modulating the vaccination timing, improving management practices, as well as application of probiotics to improve and restore good gut health.
 
Keywords | Cellulitis, Experimental infection, Broiler chickens, Clinical signs, Pathological lesion, Control, Colistin, Doxycycline, Hematology, Bacterial diseases
...

Sameh Abdel-Moez Ahmed Amer1*, Aly Mohammed Ghetas1, Asmaa Mahmoud Maatouq1, Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila1, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy2

...dy titers throughout the vaccination schedule and conferred a complete protection against mortality with milder clinical signs, moreover displayed a significant decrease in the shedding of NDV with drastically blocked shedding 7 days PC compared to group B with little clinical protection, higher mortalities, lower antibody titers and longest viral shedding PC. In conclusion, the NDV genotype VII-based vaccines homologous to challenge virus ensure a significant...

Waqas Alam1, Sar Zamin Khan1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2*

...r feeding, watering, and vaccination. Egg quality parameters were evaluated at pre-peak (22-30 weeks), peak (31-40 weeks) and post-peak (41-59 weeks) production stages. Compare to floor housing system, age of hen at first lay and mortality were lower (P ≤ 0.05) in cage housed birds. Egg production percentage and feed efficiency were significantly (P<0.05) higher in cage birds compared to the floor. Fertility and hatchability percentage were lower (P<0...

Bilal Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Avais1*, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Masood Rabbani2, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Muhammad Awais1, Sohail Ahmad3 and Shahan Azeem2*

...y worldwide. The role of vaccination in controlling mastitis is of paramount importance and significantly reduces the use of antimicrobial agents. This study aimed at preparing and evaluating inactivated polyvalent mastitis vaccines containing bovine origin Staphylococcus aureus (tst), Streptococcus uberis (cpn-60 targeted STUB), and Escherichia coli (aggR) in a rabbit model. Four types of mastitis vaccines viz. formalin-inactivated plain polyvalent mastitis v...

SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1*, MUNAZZA DANISH AJAZ2, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL3, AHSAN SATTAR SHEIKH4 & FIRDAUS KOUSAR BUKHARI5

..., bacterial viruses, and vaccination and bacteriocins. These approaches have shown successful results towards lowering the occurrence of Campylobacter-associated ailments in humans and for bioclustering in the poultry houses and animals.

...

Saloua Ziani1*, Khalid Sohaib2 , Youssef Lhor3, Ikhlass El Berbri4, And Ouafaa Fassi Fihri4  

...ess likely to respond to vaccination than dogs that are four months to six years old. A dog receiving a booster dose is better immunized than a dog receiving a single dose. On the other hand, the time interval between the last vaccination and the time of sampling also affected the titer. The longer the interval, the lower the titer measured, and this effect becomes more pronounced when the interval exceeds 60 days. The sex d...

Retno Setyaningsih1, Sri Murtini2*, I Wayan Teguh Wibawan2, Surachmi Setiyaningsih2, Ekowati Handharyani3

... RHDV in rabbits without vaccination indicates exposure to the virus. Thus, this study aims to investigate the presence of RHDV antigen in asymptomatic seroconverted RHDV rabbits in West Bandung District, West Java Province, Indonesia also to see the relevance of seroconversion within rabbit’s profile. Liver, intestines, and faeces were collected purposively from seroconverted rabbits which showed no clinical signs of RHDV. Samples assayed with commercia...

Fateh A. Badi*, Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati, Naif Al-Gabri 

...educe using un-necessary vaccination and antibiotic abused. The effects of combination of Ganoderma lucidium and Origanum vulgare on broilers chicken are not completely understood. In this study, four broiler chicken groups around 3 week age each group contain 10 chicken was divided randomly. First group was feed with (2g/ Kg feed) from Ganoderma lucidium (G group), second group was treated with ( 2g/Kg feed) Origanum vulgare (O Group) in a feed and the thir...

Abdul Kabir1*, Anees Ur Rahman2, Inzamam Ali Shah2, Ibad ur Rahman2 

... the absence of smallpox vaccination. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, clinical features, diagnosis, prevention, and control of buffalopox, with emphasis on the interplay between buffaloes, humans, and vectors. The review also highlights the gaps in research and the need for improved surveillance, molecular characterization, and vaccine development for buffalopox.
 

...

Mollah Mohammad Lalmoddin*, Pal Dipa Rani, Ferdous Jannatul

...reduced substantially by vaccination, proper surveillance and monitoring, restricted movement of infected and exposed animals. 

...
Iko-Ojo Charity Ikwe Agada, James Agbo Ameh, Olatunde H. Olabode and Martha Echioda-Ogbole*
...nteritis despite routine vaccinations in the study area. Further studies to evaluate field circulating CPV strains and the potency of available vaccines in Nigeria is hereby recommended.
...
Mahmoud M. Bayoumi
...iral diseases is through vaccination. The use of mRNA technology in vaccine development has proven to be a highly effective approach that can be utilized to rapidly develop vaccines against infectious viral pathogens. This technology has the potential to revolutionize vaccine development, offering a more efficient and cost-effective approach that can be tailored to specific viral strains. Moreover, mRNA-based vaccines offer several advantages over conventional...
Moustafa A. Zaghloul1*, Mohamed F. Azooz1, Saleh E. Ali1*, Heba M. Soliman1, Maha M. Sayed1, Mohamed H. Kafafy2 and Alaa R. Morsy1
...novel chimeric LSD-based vaccination can elicit both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses making it a reliable model for future in vivo and in vitro studies for control LSD infection in Egyptian cattle dairy farms.
...

Asma Sadia Authoy2, Aneek Chanda2, Aparna Datta3, Md Shohel Al Faruk4, Towhida Kamal1* 

...such as age, sex, breed, vaccination history, deworming, etc. A total of 174 case sheets of dogs and cats with skin lesions were analyzed. The findings indicate a higher prevalence of ectoparasite infestation among dogs and cats in semi-urban areas, recording rates of 56.92% and 76.92%, respectively, in contrast to semi-urban areas. Female cats (76.92%) and dogs (71.43%) displayed increased susceptibility compared to their male counterparts, with male cats reg...

Abd El-Razakl, A.G. and AboElkhair2, M.

...ext-align: justify;">Two vaccination programs for infectious viral disease (IBD) were compared in broiler chicken with maternal immunity, placed in tow farms, A and B. IBD immune complex vaccine was administered by subcutaneous route, at the hatchery into chicks of farm A at age of I day. On farm B, the attenuated intermediate plus live IBD vaccine was given via drinking water at the age of day. The vaccine uptake was monitored via serology, bursal indices and...

Ebied, Eman M.; Salem, Zeinab T. and Al-Imam, Hemmat S.

...I) titre at 3 weeks post vaccination and remain with protective level up to 6 months, while their foals had moderate (HI) antibodies within  48 hours post colostral suckling, the HI antibodies rise to a level similar to their dams within one to two weeks then persisted with considerable level up to 6 months of their age.

...
Arafa, A ; El-Kanawaty, Z; Hassan, M.K; Anwar, H.K  and  Mona M.Aly 
 
... to evaluate the role of vaccination in controlling the disease in these valuable zoo birds.

...

Hussein, HA; sultan, HA. Al Deeb AH and AA. El-Sanousi

... farms. besides multiple vaccination during this period were applied using Reassortant H5N1 and 6 types Of H5N2 vaccines. In the present study, 9922 serum samples were collected from vaccinated chickens including some broiler breeders and commercial layers from the period Of December 2006 to February 2008 and tested for the immune response to the multiple vaccination with different H5Nl and H5N2 avian influenza vaccines (Rea...

Abd Elwanis, N.D.; Abou El Khair, M.A.; Afaf H. Amin; Azab, A. and A.O. Abd El Rahman

... batch based mainly upon vaccination of different groups of specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens using different doses and estimation of the humoral immune response using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The vaccine provided a faster and more reliable • immune response against the H5N2 viral antigen after immunizing 3 weeks old chicken with a dose of 0.3 ml/bird, inoculated subcutaneously (s/c) in the nap of the neck, was fairly enough to evoke...

Abeer, E.Mansour and Hegazi, A.Z.

...ek to the 10th week post vaccination. It was noticed that vaccination of cattle and sheep resulted in higher and longer duration of immune response than those obtained in vaccinated goat and buffaloes. While in vaccinated camels there was no evidence of antibodies against FMD. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between the levels of cellular immunity in different vaccinated animal species.

...

Attyat, M. Kotb; Abeer, E. Mansour; Naglaa, I. Aly; Zeinab, T.Salama and Azab, A. Mohamed

...as aimed to evaluate the vaccination of cattle against bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) and bivalent foot and mouth disease (FMD) strain O and strain A. so fifteen calves, six month old, were vaccinated singly and simultaneously and two calves were left as none vaccinated control. The serum neutralizing antibody titer expressed in log10 of FMD (strain O and strain A) in calves vaccinated with bivalent FMD vaccine only were increased from (0.9 log10 and 0.9 log10) ...

*Hanan M.M. Elzahed, Abd EL-Moneim A.A, *Afaf A. Khedr, *Elham A. Elabiare, Waleed S. Abd El-Latif, Reda M.I.

...ters pre and post lasota vaccination and by vaccination  challenge experiment, more over no (CAV) shedding was observed in progeny chicks at early stage of breeding period. In this stage CAV shedding was recorded to be most using CAV VPI PCR assay. These results support the evidence that vaccination of breeders flock with the live attenuated (CAV) vaccine could be an effective means o...

Manva F.M. Abdel Monem; Gihan K. Mohammed;** Sami A.M.; and Saber M.S.*

...T through 12 months post vaccination. There was no evidence of untoward effects except slight elevation of body temperature in the calves through 14 days post vaccination. The virus was recovered from the sera of 3 calves on the 2nd  and 4th day post vaccination respectively 82,78 and 76, but there was no evidence to virus shedding in ocular, nasal nor rectal swabs. The immunity was d...
Ashraf M. Metwally*, Ausama A. Yousif*k , Iman B. Walaa A.   Attia M. Samy * , and Ismail M. Reda *
 
...lementation of intensive vaccination programs. A recent increase in IBD related mortality in vaccinated farms prompted this investigation into the genetic character of the circulating IBD virus (IBDV). Bursa and proventriculus samples were RT-PCR tested using novel primers flanking VP2 region coding the two major and two minor hydrophilic peaks. IBDV was detected in tested samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced PCR product and deduced amino acid seque...
Eman, M. M. Soliman*; Taha, M. M.*;El-Sanousi A,;Shalaby M. S. Wasscl , Youscf Adel*
...eekly up to 7 weeks post vaccination, where the antibody titer elevated from I st WPV till reach the protective level at 5th WPV. Effective doses in mice has been calculated in mice by inoculation of 5 groups of mice (10 each) with 2 doses of five fold diluted vaccine; inoculated mice have been challenged I/P with virulent RVF virus 103 to 104 mouse I/P lethal dose50(MIPLD50), it was ranged from 0.006 - 0.0007. Using the Rt-PCR to confirm the efficacy of ...

Laila,A. Sedeek; Fatma,S. Mohamed and Manal Abo El-Yazyed

...up received simultaneous vaccination with PPR and FMD vaccines. A separate group was left non-vaccinated and served as control. All animals remained clinically normal throughout the whole experiment period. A satisfactory humoral immune response to both virus vaccines in vaccinated animals was identified by SNT and ELISA. It was found that there is no difference in the immune response among different vaccinated groups and there is no drawbacks noticed from com...

M.A. Farag*, Abeer, E. Mansour* and s.M. 

...ith BVDV one week before vaccination. Challenging the immunity of sheep both simultaneously infected with BVDV and vaccinated or infected one week post vaccination against 01/3/93 revealed protection percentages of 66%. Sheep fed on commercial ration treated with 40gykgm ration of prepared AFB and challenged at three weeks post vaccination showed protection percentage of 33%, decrease in a...

Afaf, A. Khedr*; Hyam Farouk* and Taradi, A.Said. **

...aluation of simultaneous vaccination against Brucella and attenuated RVF (smith burn strain) diseases in sheep using serological test including SNT and ELISA test revealed that there was no antagonizing effect between the two vaccines on the immune response of vaccinated animals and the results showed that no significance differences in antibodies titer in all sheep groups which vaccinated either with Rev-I and attenuated RVF alone or simultaneously.

...

H.A. SULTANl, H.A. HUSSEIN2, and F.F. EL-KHAYAT3

...variant IBDVs despite of vaccination of flocks with classical IBDV vaccines. Regardless of the antigenic differences detected by AC-EI.ISA and pathogenicity test in the representative isolates, they share antigenic sites with other serotype-1 IBDV strains. as they cross-reacted in AC-ELISA and AGPT. Although, the epidemiological investigation and antigenic typing by AC-CLISA test as well as pathogenicity study suggested that IBD field isolates are in the major...

S. A. Khalil1; M. El-Sayed2; M. M. El-Fayomy2; H. Y. Hassan3 and A. Zaghawa3

...rmine the proper time of vaccination. Twenty-five pregnant Frisian cows in the last stage of pregnancy were naturally infected with BEFV during the Egyptian outbreak in summer 2004. Four of them were aborted and excluded from experimental. The disease was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by the detection of BEFV antigen by Immunoperoxidase staining. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficiency of transfer of BEFV antibodies from naturally inf...

Wahid Hussein El-Dabae*, Eman Shafeek Ibrahim, Eslam Gaber Sadek, Mai Mohamed Kandil

... worldwide. Despite mass vaccination against ND, genotype VII.1.1 epidemics in vaccinated and non-vaccinated flocks are still recorded, indicating an urgent need to generate a new vaccine candidate. In this study, the live Orthoavulavirus javaense (AOAV-1) genotype VII.1.1 strain (CH-EGY-GIZA-VVTNRC-2021) (Genbank accession number MW603772) was attenuated by combining passaging with limiting 10-fold dilutions in the allantoic cavity of embryonated hens eggs fo...

Kashif Abdaal, Aneeza Batool, Muhammad Tariq Navid*, Saeed Ahmed, Asma Saleem Qazi, Waseem Safdar, Haidar Ali, Mobeen Ur Rashid, Somia Rafaqat 

...Addressing challenges in vaccination coverage and gaps is crucial for global health. Vaccines have played a crucial role in global health preventing diseases and saving lives as evident from the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines in response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus.  

...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar*, Riffat Maqsood, Muhammad Zain, Muhammad Suleman, Tayyab Ur Rehman, Sana Asif, Abdul Wadood and Jawad Hussain

...). In endemic locations, vaccinations with DNA, recombinant vaccines, and live, attenuated, or inactivated viruses can be administered. This study provides comprehensive information on immunization, treatment techniques, pathophysiology, epidemiology, transmission, and relevant preventive and control measures.

...
Abdel Satar Arafa
...occo have applied a mass vaccination programme for commercial poultry to control the infection. The isolated viruses from poultry in Africa have been classified as G1 ‘Western’ Viruses and related to the circulating viruses in the Middle East. In addition to Y439 lineage recorded in South Africa farmed ostriches. The infection with H9N2 is frequently displaying moderate-to-high morbidity and mortality in the field especially when comes associated w...

Saira Jabeen1, Muhammad Avais1*, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2, Aftab Ahmad Anjum3

...E. coli mastitis through vaccination appears feasible and economically prudent. This study was aimed at preparation and evaluation of mastitis vaccines prepared by using local E. coli isolate, bearing the aggR gene, derived from mastitis cases in dairy cows. Prior to embarking on vaccine preparation, the immunogenicity of this E. coli (aggR) strain was determined across various concentrations in a cohort of 20 locally bred rabbits. For preparation of vaccines,...

Aya A. Saber1, Mohamed Fawzy2*, MokhtarM. EL-Tarabili2, Eman K. El Sayed2

...plication of a promising vaccination strategy requires the utilization of safe and effective vaccines capable of successfully preventing and controlling these disastrous diseases. The current study explored the effect of simultaneous vaccination of cattle with BEF and RVF vaccines on the calves’ humeral immune response. Four groups of BEF and RVF seronegative calves were used in this study; group 1 received inactivated...

Tarek Mahmoud Mousa-Balabel* and Karima Mohamed Abdo Abofarag

...measures such as routine vaccination to control Newcastle Disease (ND) as a trial to increase their productivity. Despite ND vaccinations, several post vaccine reactions of ND are being reported globally, which are major hindrances to the development of the poultry industry in the developing countries. This experiment was planned to study the effects of blue light colour and vitamin E and Selenium (Se) supplementation before...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and 
Amal M. Abd El Raof2
...rd must be monitored and vaccination by Neethling strain is recommended. Conventional PCR rely on the EEV Glycoprotein gene is more accurate, sensitive, and time-efficient for LSDV diagnosis than virus isolation on CAM of embryo chicken eggs. As 62 of 81 (76.5%) from skin nodule biopsies and nasal swabs samples showed characteristic Pock lesions when inoculated on CAM of embryo chicken eggs while 39 of 40 (97.5%) of the samples tested positive for LSDV dependi...

Ibrahim Ali1,2, Hanan Mohamed Fathy Abdien1*, Wael Kamel Elfeil1, Mohsen Mohamed Zaky ElDemerdash1, Mohamed Ali Zain El-Abideen2,3, Walid Hamdy Kilany2,3

...70) received the primary vaccination dose intramuscularly only on day 7 of age. Group G6 served as a positive control (untreated and challenged), and G7 served as a negative control (untreated and unchallenged). Chickens were challenged at day 35 of age with 106 EID50 of widely circulating H5N8 strain in Egypt to evaluate vaccine potency, efficacy, and safety. Results indicated that polymer GEL01/IM G2 and ISA70/IM G5 successfully conferred a high humoral immu...

Md Imran Hossen1, Shakhe Reju Ana Boishakhe1 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh2*

...understood that a timely vaccination is imperative to prevent the disease. 

...

Yingying Wang1, Sufen Zhao2* and Qunxiu Liu3*

...the zoo six months after vaccination and to investigate the protection efficiency of the two vaccines. The results show that the H9 subtype AI immunization programs adopted by Shanghai Zoo can enable wild birds such as pheasants, waterfowl, and waders to produce antibody titers that meet national standards. The current immunization program against ND can provide sufficient protection for pheasants and waterfowl, but in some wading birds fails to reach 100% due...

Basirat Opemipo Amoo-Adeboye1*, Kazeem Olanrewaju Amoo2, Saheed Adeyinka Odediji3, James Akinwunmi Ogunniran1, Adenike Titilayo Olayinka1 and Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye1

...ence, increasing rubella vaccination awareness among women of reproductive age and possible inclusion into the National Programme of Immunization in Nigeria is recommended to increase immunity coverage.

...

Nahed Yehia1*, Rania I. Mohamed2

...cted which may be due to vaccination pressures that may be affecting vaccine efficacy. The pathogenicity of the virus has been examined, and it has been found to prompt mostly mild respiratory signs with diarrhea in some birds without any mortality, as well as high and persistent viral shedding from 2 dpi to 10 dpi and mean antibody titer at 7 and 14 dpi (6±0.52 and 6.8±0.61 log2) respectively. The histopathological alterations do not only affect...

Mohammad Lalmoddin Mollah*, Arobi Jahan Disha and Dipa Rani Pal

...cillin (83.75%). Lack of vaccination, season, age, outdoor access, poor management, owners’ ignorance, various topographic regions, environments and multi-cat households were identified as significant risk factors. The study underscores the need for vaccination, hygiene practices, and further researchs to mitigate the impact of cat flu on feline health and welfare is needed.

...

Mostafa R. Zaher1,2*, Amir A. Shehata1, Azza M. El Amir2, Naglaa M. Hagag1, Reham H. Tammam3**

...ng its transmission. FMD vaccinations have been able to control and eradicate the infection in various countries or regions, however, it is still endemic in some areas of Asia and Africa. FMD vaccine technologies have substantially developed during past decades, yet more robust and flexible technologies suitable for developing countries’ situations are needed. This review offers an in-depth analysis of the status of FMD vaccine development, highlighting ...

Yasser Asaad Hameed Al-Shareef, Firas Hussain Kadim Abawi*

... poultry nevertheless of vaccination status, indicating breakthrough infections. In order to investigate the nature and dynamics of these breakthrough infections, samples were collected from infected flocks with existing clinical signs of the disease. Attempts to isolate, identify and characterize positive samples were made by inoculating chicken embryonated eggs followed by haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition assays. Using reverse transcriptase...

Nguyen Phi Bang1,2*, Nguyen Thi Hanh Chi1,2, Ngo Thuy Bao Tran1,2, Nguyen Thi Bich Hanh1,2, Nguyen Ba Trung1,2, Le Thi Thuy Hang1,2

...s’ health, and the vaccination method. In An Giang (Vietnam), state veterinary officials use the Rabisin vaccine, which prevents rabies in pets when given to healthy canines by manufacturer’s recommendations (stored at 2-8°C, 1 ml subcutaneous injection each dosage). Storage conditions and vaccine administration are carefully monitored to maintain consistent vaccine quality. However, factors related to dogs’ health in this area have signi...

Diaa El-Boraey1, Mousa A. Ayoub1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Said Ibrahim Fathalla3, Ibrahim Said Abu-alya3, Mohamed Abaza4, Ahmed R. Gado5, Mobarez A.A.6, Nehal K. Alm Eldin6

Javeria1,2*, Mudasser Habib1,2 and Muhammad Salahuddin Shah1,2

...of PPRV in animals where vaccination had not been practiced previously. The study also provides understanding of the frequent virus circulation and aids to adopt the suitable preventive procedures in the region.

...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

October

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 5, pp. 2001-2500

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