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Johanna Lindahl 1, 2

British Journal of Virology
...ion rates and intense contact between humans and pigs within the growing urban agriculture, there remains a risk for future emergence of Japanese encephalitis within cities as well as in rural areas.

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Bruce L. Gordon

...tians, it presents an obstacle to Christian faith, and for young Christians who have been raised to equate YEC with the teaching of Scripture, it can destroy their faith altogether when its falsity is discovered. With a view toward encouraging a culture of biblical and scientific literacy and overcoming the anti-intellectual legacy of fundamentalism that sustains this particular “scandal of the evangelical mind”, we offer a synoptic critique of you...

Hussein Rashid

...free speech.

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Massimo Pigliucci, K.D.

...en about the terrorist attack on the satirical paper Charlie Hebdo, which took place on 7 January 2015. Some of the commentary has been insightful, some full of pious platitudes about defense of free speech by sources with not exactly a stellar record in that department, and some of it has ranged from the woefully uninformed to the downright awful. It is, therefore, with some recalcitrance that I write these lines, particularly because I’m coming to the ...

John Teehan

...ic consciousness. Such attacks, of course, raise vital questions of public safety and the costs we are willing to pay for that safety. They also raise questions of how to understand the complex conditions that give rise to such events and the conditions for such events are always complex, even when facile “explanations” are readily available, i.e. the violent nature of Islam, their hatred of Western freedom, etc. A consistent element in many such e...

Varadaraja V. Raman

... individuals or groups attack and murder innocent civilians in another country.

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Joseph Langston1*, Joseph Hammer2, Ryan T. Cragun3

...t their willingness to attack or ridicule religion was not absolute, but rather context dependent.

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 David F. Bradley*, Julie J. Exline, Alex Uzdavines

...sonality traits, adult attachment style, and socially desirable responding) were not strong predictors of the characteristics nonbelievers assign to hypothetical gods. Seeing a hypothetical god as more loving, less cruel, and less distant was associated with more past positive emotional experiences with gods, less past anger at gods, less participation in explicitly nonreligious activities, and greater desire for gods to exist. Basing a hypothetical god on a p...

Marcus Mann

... on the 9/11 terrorist attacks’ implications to a word processor. What started as an itch evolved into his first book, The End of Faith: a scathing indictment of religion, which in his opinion, was an impetus just as effective and real as the jet engines that propelled the terrorists’ weapons of choice to their targets. The End of Faith was the first of four polemics that have come to symbolize what is now known as “The New Atheism,” a ...

Amanda Schutz

... deal with death and heartache, and build communities—basically, how they carry on without supernatural guidance.

...

Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El-Naggar2, Abdulrahman M. Gamal3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mohamed M. Hamoud4, Sherif T. Moubarak3, Ashraf M. Metwally1, Manal M. Zaki3, Shimaa A.E. Nasr3, Samah Elsaid3, Mohamed M. Ali3, Hussein A. Hussein1 and Osama K. Zahran3

Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

...10, 15 and 30 minutes contact time. Numerical method and neutralization test were used to assess the ability of each disinfectant to inactivate the virus. Our results revealed that all the used disinfectants were effective with increasing the contact time more than 15 minutes except with Virkon®S which was effective even at a short contact time, 5 minutes. In conclusion,...

Behzad Hussain1, 2, Abdullah Iqbal2, Muhammad Abubakar2*

... tick bite and direct contact with blood of the infected animal. The occurrence of CCHF outbreak in Pakistan is increased quite significantly near Eid-ul-Adha. Haemorrhages are the major signs of this fatal disease. No treatment of CCHF is available currently but Ribavirin antiviral drug is used to cure this disease. There is currently no commercially available vaccine for this disease. It is recommended that the disease can be controlled by adopting preventiv...

 John G. Bruno and Jeffery C. Sivils

... molecular weights for intact outer membrane proteins (OMPs), intimins and SLT-2. Some bands on the aptamer Western blots were shared between the “Big 6” non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), E. coli O157 and related Gram negative bacteria. However, unrelated Gram positive bacteria exhibited very few, if any, bands in common with those identified on the E. coli Western aptamer blots, thus attesting to the specificity of these aptamers. In ...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Rysanek

...parasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata and Lecanicillium muscarium isolated from root and soil samples collected in Prague, Czech Republic, were cultured on agar media and tested against Meloidogyne hapla both in-vitro and in-vivo. All fungi proved to be efficient in reducing final population of northern root knot nematode M. hapla and giving vigour to the plants. In laboratory experiment,...

Muhammad Mushtaq, Umer Sadique, Naila Chand, Iftikhar Ahmed, Said Sajjad Ali Shah, Ijaz Ahmad, Imran Ullah and Muqadar Shah

... associated with heart attack. Atherosclerosis is also associated with development of diabetes, high blood pressure and kidney failure. Hypercholesterolemia is mainly caused by high fat diet, obesity and diabetes.Hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effect of water based infusion of Withania somnifera was investigated in broiler chicks. One hundred and twenty (120) day-old broiler’s chicks were alienated into four treatment groups namely WST-0, WST-I, WST-II a...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

...lla oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, and Lecanicillium muscarium. In the laboratory experiment, S. rugosoannulata proved to be the most efficient biocontrol agent by parasitizing the maximum number of eggs, whereas D. oviparasitica appeared to be the least efficient after 72 hours. The greatest numbers of cysts and eggs were found to be colonized with L. muscarium during microscopic observations. In the greenhouse experiment, ...

Ali Raza Awan*, Sehrish Firyal, Muhammad Tayyab, Lala Rukh, M. Zia ul Haq, Shagufta Saeed and Muhammad Wasim

...ose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri) is sub-divided in 4 sub-species (P. krameri krameri, P. krameri parvirostris, P. krameri manillensis and P. krameri borealis). Identification of the sub-species is an intricate chore. This study aimed to genetically identify and classify the indigenous wild Rose-ringed Parakeet of Pakistan using Cytochrome b (Cytb) gene polymorphism. Mitochondrial DNA of 24 unrelated Pakistani wild Ring-rose Parakeets was isolated and u...

Shakeel Ahmed* and Sarwat Jahan

... fasting monkeys. Four intact adult male monkeys were used in this study. 50 nmol of NMS was injected intravenously. Blood samples were collected individually 60 min before and 120 min after NMS administration at 15 min intervals. The plasma adipokines concentrations were determined by using specific Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) kits. 48 h fasting significantly increased plasma adiponectin (P<0.001), while decreased leptin (P<0.001) and resistin (P<0.01) ...

John G. Bruno

...SA screening were then attached to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (SAv-MBs) and used to capture their cognate and related E. coli serovars. Capture was assessed by fluorescence microplate assessment following acridine orange staining. While there was significant cross-reactivity between the various captured serotypes, each of the anti-LPS aptamer candidates showed a preference for its cognate E. coli serotype. Results suggest that these aptamers may be use...

Fukuan Du1,2, Yan Li2, Zhixin Wen1, Ruguo Chen1 and Pao Xu2*

...onomically important crustaceans in China. However, the production scale does not meet the market demand. This resulted in excessive fishing, which almost caused extinction of the species in the the Yangtze River. Therefore, it is very urgent to carry out genetic breeding to improve yield. In this study, we developed SSR markers by transcriptome, which could be used to genetic research. In this study, we performed transcriptome sequencing of six libraries from...

Amjad Ali and Abbas Ullah Jan

...r age, experience and contact with extension workers has significant contribution in decreasing farm inefficiency. However, grower’s family size, his off-farm income and distance between farm and house were found non-significant. The coefficient of education reveals that in study area inefficiency raised with increase in grower’s formal education. In order to increase grower’s productivity government should ensure the provision of quality ext...
Irshad Ahmad
...nion and tomato. It is attacked by a number of insect pests including walnut borer (Zeuzera coffeae Nietner) that adversely affects the yield and quality of the fruit and wood. This study describes the life cycle of the pest, the nature and extent of damage done to walnut, and the preventive measures applied under integrated pest management program (IPM) and includes the cautious use of chemical insecticides, mechanical means, cultural and biological co...
Mahanama De Zoysa1, Si-yun Ryu1, Hyeon-cheol Kim2 and Bae Keun Park1*
...water ecto-parasitic crustacean was isolated from the naturally infested goldfish (Carassius auratus) purchased from commercial aquarium in Korea. Based on the morphological comparison with all Argulus species, isolated fish lice was identified as Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1899. A. japonicus is native to Asia, which also is a habitat for its typical hosts, such as goldfish and common koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). A. japonicu...
Zafrullah Khan1, Shah Alam Khan1*, Hamayoon Khan2, Naeem Khan3, Khwaja Junaid1 and Inamullah Khan1
...t are resistant to the attack of R. padi have been incorporated in the commercial wheat cultivars to help manage R. padi. During this study seven wheat genotypes were evaluated as antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance. These tested genotypes were (Pir Sabaq-2004, Atta-Habib, Saleem-2000, Serin-2010, Khyber-87, Sarhad-82, and Khushal-69) in three separate experiments. Antibiosis resistance was identified to R. padi in wheat cultivar (Serin-...
Fermín Lopez-Uriostegui1, Jesús T. Ponce-Palafox2,*, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso1, María del Refugio Castañeda-Chavez1, Virgilio Eugenio Arenas-Fuentes3 and Fernando Vega-Villasante4
Akbar Ali1,*, Khalil Mohamed2 and Fawzia Toulah3

 

... in women with direct contact to soil (14% vs 5%). Only one sample was PCR positive. The results show that overall prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in young women of Rafha city is low as compared to other regions of Saudi Arabia.
...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...otal of 111 AEOs were contacted for data collection. Primary data were collected from the selected sample of AEOs by mailing the questionnaires. The results showed that overwhelming majority of the respondents i.e., 88% were M.Sc degree holders. They have had an average work experience of 16 years. Significant differences were observed among the competencies of AEOs with their participation in training programs and their higher educational qualification. The d...

K.N. Ahmed, S.H.A. Pramanik, M. Khatun A. Nargis M. R. Hasan

Efficacy of plant extracts in the suppression of insect pests and their effect on the yield of sunflower crop under different climatic conditions
...occinellidae) severely attacked the foliages and florets in the capitulum (inflorescence). Other pests encountered were Spilosoma obliqua (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae),Homoeosoma sp. (Lepidoptera: Phyticidae),Heliothis armigera (Hb.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Monolepta signata(Oliv.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Epilachna septima Dieke. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . The efficacy of five kinds of plant extracts or botanicals viz., Neem (Azadirachta indic...

K.N. Ahmed and M.R. Hasan

Sudden outbreak of mealy bug and armoured scale causing severe damage to economic crops in Bangladesh
...ign="justify">Recently attack of different vegetable crops viz., eggplant, lady's finger, papaya, basil etc. by citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) has been noticed in Bangladesh. It is mainly a pest of citrus and coffee crops but now it has become polyphagous in nature. Based on laboratory studies on immature and mature fruits of lady's finger; the total period of all four nymphal stages lasted for 32.6 ± 4.17 days at...

Sitansu Pan and Someshwar Bhagat

Biological control of plant diseases
...oorganisms is needed for tackling several plant pathogens simultaneously instead of only one biocontrol agent-one pathogen,which is the most common and established system of biocontrol of plant diseases.

...

K.N. Ahmed , M.A. Al-Helal, N-E-P. Khanom, S. Bulbul

Control strategies of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink infesting vegetable crops in Bangladesh
... is a polyphagous pest attacking several agricultural, horticultural crops, ornamental plants and weeds of economic value. The papaya mealybug feeds on the sap of the plants by inserting its stylets into the epidermis of the leaf as well as into the fruit and stem. In doing so, it injects a toxic substance into the leaves. The result is chlorosis, plant stunting, leaf deformation, early dropping of the leaves and fruits, a heavy accumulation of honeydew and de...

M. S. A. Mamun and M. Ahmed

Integrated pest management in tea: prospects and future strategies in Bangladesh
...nt is subjected to the attack of several notorious pests such as insects, mites, nematodes, diseases and weeds. Globally 1034 species of arthropods and 82 species of nematodes are associated with tea plants. Among them 25 species of insects, 4 species of mites and 10 species of nematodes are recorded from Bangladesh. Enormous crop loss was incurred due to the attack of these pests and largely responsible for the declining pr...

A. Regupathy and R. Ayyasamy

Initiatives of papain industry by private-public-farmer link-ages in classical biocontrol program for papaya mealybug in Tamil Nadu
...thorough door-to-door contact and farmers were monitored not to take up spraying. The infested plant parts from infested fields were availed regularly by TNAU to facilitate mass production of parasitoid. This is a successful model of partnership of private sector-public institutions in biocontrol of the PMB biocontrol which has practically impacted through rise in quality and quantity of latex supply and area increase in papaya cultivation.

M. A. Al-Helal, K. N. Ahmed, N-E-P. Khanom, and S. Bulbul 

Observations on papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) damag-ing some crops in Bangladesh
... sucking saps from the attacking fruits and leaves. P. marginatus passes through egg and three nymphal stages to become adult. Generally, three and four nymphal instars occur in case of female and male mealybug, respectively. The adults are most active in warm, dry and humid weather. The male adult mealybugs possess two pairs of wings. Female have no wings and move by crawling short distances or by being blown in air currents. Female usually lays 100 to 600 eg...

Lakshman Chandra Patel and Chandan Kumar Mondal

Management of causal agents of chilli leaf curl complex through bio-friendly approaches
...ccurs primarily due to attack of thrips, yellow mites and white fly followed by invasion of chilli leaf curl virus. An attempt was made to find out the cost effec-tive management schedule to minimize the crop loss. Seven treatments were taken up for study including two chemicals i.e. profenophos and diafenthiuron, three ecofriendly approaches i.e. garlic extract, spirit and alternate use of garlic with spirit, one predator insect Chrysoperla carnea and untreat...

Goutam Samui and S. Jha

Biology, seasonal incidence and management of Apsylla cistellata Bucton. on mango in West Bengal
...ign="justify">Mango is attacked by various insect pests among which mango shoot gall psylla Apsylla cistellata Bucton.(Psyllidae: Hemiptera) is the most important one in the district of Malda and Murshidabad, West Bengal. Adult females of the pest had been found to lay eggs at the sides of midribs during first week to end of March. Incubation period lasted from first week of March to middle of August. Eggs hatched in the middle of August and gall formation had...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Sultan Ayaz2, Sajid Umar4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Muhammad Shafee6, Ikramullah Khan7, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Azmat Ullah Khan8Naimat Ullah Malik1 and Abdul Razzaq9
...ving livestock animal contact and persistent diarrhea, highlighting its zoonotic potential from livestock animals to human beings in the study area. This is first study addressing the one of the main cause of neonatal mortality in Southern KPK and its zoonotic potential.
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Azhar Abbas Khan1,*, Arif Muhammad Khan2 and Muhammad Afzal3
...esponse to herbivorous attack influences third trophic level and natural enemies use these substances to locate their prey. Twelve-arm olfactory apparatus was used to evaluate the response of C. septempunctata toward aphids and different host plants of aphids. Different horticultural plants and field crops were used singly or in combination with prey as a host. An increased numbers of C. septempunctata was observed when host plants were added wit...

Shah Saud Ahmad and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*

...ned through FSC. Mass contact method was rarely used in the study area as only 10% of the respondents ranked it very high and 28% respondents reported it very low on likert scale. It can be concluded that FSC had developed the linkages of the respondents with agriculture research and water management department in the study area. Top learned skills from this approach were fertilizer application, improved agricultural technology and sowing methods. It is sugges...
Hazrat Ali1,*, Wajid Ali1, Karim Ullah1, Fazle Akbar1, Sher Ahrar1, Irfan Ullah1, Irum Ahmad1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Ikram Ilahi2 and Muhammad Anwar Sajad3 
...d a predatory fish Mastacembelus armatus, from three rivers of Malakand Division, Pakistan. Concentrations of Cu and Zn were determined in fish samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Highest Cu concentration of 4.52 ± 0.24 mg kg−1 wet weight was observed in muscles of M. armatus at Chakdara on River Swat while highest Zn concentration of 18.00 ± 1.88 mg kg−1 wet weight was observed in muscl...
Adnan Yousaf1,Jia Wu1, Qaiser Shakeel2, Yasir Iftikhar3, Muhammad Irfan Ullah4, Uzma Tahira5,Mustansar Mubeen1 and Wubei Dong1,*
...ivars are resistant to attack from M. incognita and S. rolfsii. The moderate tolerance was found in C-302 followed by 5-2010 and 28-2010. The most susceptible cultivar (C-33) was selected for further evaluation of management sources. All three management sources were applied individually as well as in combination. After six weeks, all treatments showed better results but there was no significantly difference in set of plants treated with combinat...

Wali Khan1, Naushad Khan2 and Shaista Naz2*

...expensive inputs, pest attack, lack of modern production and rearing techniques, and trainings which can be overcome by a comprehensive program focusing on the provision of low cost inputs, pesticides/insecticides, modern techniques and trainings, and value chain market facilities at the local and regional level. 

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Sumit K. Satpathi1, Suprakash Pal2*, Rupsanatan Mandal2, Nonigopal Shit2 and Ashutosh Sarkar3
...odules in managing the attack of sucking pests and pod borer of cowpea. The pesticide based IPM-II module resulted in the highest per cent reduction of pod borer population (91.17%) and the highest pod yield (9.85 t/ha). The IPM and biopesticide based management modules resulted in poor cost-benefit ratio. However, the biopesticides and new ecofriendly molecule flubendiamide were found to have less hazardous effect on the population of natural enemies as compa...
Muhammad Hannan Ahmed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Abu Bakar M. Raza1, M. Afzal1, A. Khaliq1, Yasir Iftikhar2 and Hafiz Muhammad Aatif3
...d sucking insect pests attack on different Bt and non-Bt cotton genotypes. Furthermore, metrological factors (especially temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) also play vital role in the population dynamics of sucking insect pest complex like jassid, aphid, thrips and mites. The present study was conducted on six cotton cultivars (3 Bt and 3 non-Bt) to monitor the population dynamics of thrips in relation to abiotic climatic factors...
Rana Muhammad Aadil1,2*, Xin-An Zeng1, Saqib Jabbar3, Akmal Nazir2, Abid Aslam Mann2, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan2, Abdullah2, Amna Ramzan2
Mahreen Yahya, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem, Muhammad Hamed and Sajid Shokat 
... in yield due to aphid attack, which affects plant vitality and grain production. Planting resistant/tolerant varieties against pests is the main way to overcome these field losses. Present study is an effort to screen different wheat varieties/lines against aphids under field conditions. Wheat varieties, Galaxy-13, Millat-11, Lasani-08, Faisalabad-08, and two wheat lines NW-1-8183-8 and NW-3-3341-7 were sown at Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (N...
Semra Benzer1,* and Recep Benzer2
...ow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz 1823) between 2015 and 2016. The relationships between total length (TL) and total weight (TW); carapace length (CL) for Astacus leptodactylus caught from Uluabat Lake were presented with tradional method of length-weight relation (LWR) Equation and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) method. The growth estimation of 540 crayfish was carried out with both meth...
Muhammad Siraj-ud-Din1,2, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Usman Ali3,*, Mayoor Khan2, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nuzhat Shafi1 and Basharat Ahmad1
...(n=25, 8.65%), Pistacia khinjuk and Ephedra gerardiana (n=23, 7.69%). Out of 36 plant species, 15 were consumed during summer (June to August), 10 in spring (April-May), six (6) in autumn (September-October) and five (5) in winter (February-March). Conservation of threatened Ladakh urial could be achieved by protecting its potential habitat and preferred food plant species.
...
Wen-Feng Li, Xiao-Yan Wang, Ying-Kun Huang*, Rong-Yue Zhang, Jiong Yin, Zhi-Ming Luoand Hong-Li Shan
...ce of Tetramoera schistaceana (Snellen) and Chilo sacchariphagus (Bojer) were measured in pesticide–treated and untreated areas during 2014-2016. The results indicated that the in untreated areas, percent dead-heart was 8.30% - 58.83%, the percent stalk injured was 26.73% - 96.67%, the percent internodes bored was 4.40% - 25.87%, and the effective stem number was reduced by 4440-21900 stalk/ha. Measured yield and sugar yield loss res...
Tariq Mahmood*1, Syed Wasif Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Rais1, Hira Fatima1, Faraz Akrim1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...livia, parrot Psittacula sp.and kingfisher Halcyon sp.did not show any evidence of nesting or breeding. 
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Shahid Mehmood1,*, Bushra Nisar Khan1, Hassan Raza1, Rida Ahmad1, Azhar Muhammad3, Zulfiqar Ali2, Farhan Abid1, Fehmeeda Bibi4 and Syed Maviz Ahmed5
...andrine parakeet, Psittacula eupatria was the only near threatened species: all other species were least concern. Human population pressure, habitat degradation and lack of awareness are the main threats that ultimately will cause reduction in species numbers around the study area. Therefore, there is an urgent need to save and protect bird diversity by maintaining the suitable habitat of the area.
...

Aqsa Waqar1, Sahir Hameed Khattak2, Sania Begum2*, Tayyaba Rehman1, Rabia1, Armghan Shehzad2, Wajya Ajmal2, Syeda Shahdana Zia2, Iqra Siddiqi2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali2* 

...d resistance in wheat to tackle the disease through resistance breeding. 

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Muhammad Yahya Noori1*, Saharish Rizwan2, Zaheer Ali3 and Shaheen Sharafat4 

...is by assessing their contact information. Data were obtained and analyzed from 164 individuals suffering from MDR TB. Records were scanned to evaluate the presence of a close contact with known history of Tuberculosis. Tabulations and analysis were performed in Microsoft Excel® and online calculators. Analysis of contact data showed that only 36% of the patients had a close con

Noreen Rasul1*, Madeeha Rashid2, Aqeela Abbas1 and Rubina Sohail

...rolonged skin-to-skin contact and exclusive breast feeding reduces neonatal mortality and morbidity in birth weight 1.5 to 2.5 kg in stable neonates in hospital. However KMC is limited to SHL at present. Workshops are being conducted to teach other doctors and nurses for early essential newborn care and kangaroo mother care. They are still facing controversies and challenges in initiation of KMC in many hospitals. However it is essential to strengthen KMC serv...

 Nasreen Sultana* and A.Ghaffar**

...de, Gliocladium virens, Stachybotrys atra and Bacillus subtilis showed better results in the control of pre- and post-emergence infection of L. theobromae in seedling of bottle gourd in vitro and in vivo. G. virens has been found most effective to reduce seed and root infection in vivo whereas B. subtilis performed best to reduce seed and seedling infection of bottle gourd in vitro.

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Tariq Mahmood, M. Sudheer Tariq, Khalid Mahmood Khokar, Hidayatullah and Syed Ijaz Hussain*

...as dust controlled the attack of red pumpkin beetle on the crop with no mortality of plants. Highest mortality of plants due to foliage eating by red pumpkin beetle was observed in control where no permethrin was applied. None of the plant extracts tested in this study as dust alone or mixed with dung ash was effective in controlling red pumpkin beetle attack. Permethrin dust (0.5%) alone and ash + permethrin dust (2000: 1 a...

Akhlaq Ahmad, M. Anwar Arain*, Rahila Nazli**, Syed Anser Rizvi***,
Mubarik Ahmed* and Farzana Ibrahim****

Corresponding author: [email protected]

COST EFFECTIVENESS OF UNDER-SHEET AND WHOLE GODOWN FUMIGATION OF BAGGED WHEAT
... without covering wheat stack with a sheet. Samples of wheat at the baseline and at two-monthly intervals after fumigation were collected for physical examination. It was observed during the 8 month storage trials that the average moisture content increased by 3%, grain damage increased by 12% -1 and grain weight decreased by 6 kghl in whole godown fumigations compared to similar treatment carried out under the cover of polyethylene sheet. The cost effectivene...

 Habib Iqbal Javed, Ashiq Saleem, Javed Fateh, Mozammil Hussain, Naheed Akhtar and Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah*

DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANT MAIZE GERMPLASM
...infestation. The borer attack started at a very initial stage of the crop and swept down many of the progenies. Only 88 exotic and 7 indigenous progenies showed some resistance. The survived plants, among these progenies, were advanced by self pollination. During autumn 2000, only 9 progenies out of 95 showed some resistance with 35-66% plants survived under artificial infestation. Under natural infestation, 10 other progenies had more than 50% survived plants...

 Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad, and Ijaz Ashraf**

ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL CONTACT METHODS IN DISSEMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
...aspects of individual contact methods in diffusion of agricultural technologies from 280 randomly selected farmer respondents. Researchers collected the data with the help of a pretested and validated interview schedule using survey technique. The results show that majority of the farmer respondents is aware of the farm visits (66.43%), demonstrations being conducted (62.50%) and home visits made by the extension staff (60.71%) as extension methods for dissemi...

 Abdul Rehman Roonjho*, Waseem A. Gillani**, Awais Rasool**, Naheed Akhtar**, Tariq Mahmood**, Arsalan A.***, M. Afzal*, Iqbal Khan* , M. Asghar Ranjha**** , M. Irfan**** and Javed Khan**

REPELLENCY EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PLANT EXTRACTS TO COTTON MEALY BUG, TINSLEY (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE)
...lyptus, L. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae), Ashok, (Magnoliids: Annonaceae), Milk thistle, (Asterales: Asteraceae), and Sow thistle, (Asterales: Asteraceae) extracts each in petroleum ether, acetone and ethanol were evaluated at the concentration of 1000, 500 and 250 ppm against cotton mealy bug ( ) in a free choice bioassay for two weeks. The ethanol extract of was the most effective against cotton mealy bug having highest repellency (72.5%) at 500 ppm dose. The lowest...

 Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad**, Badar Naseem Siddiqui***, Muhammad Zakaria Yousuf Hassan****, Ijaz Ashraf**, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan***** and Aijaz Kuharoo******

COMMUNICATION OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION THROUGH GROUP CONTACT METHODS IN PAKISTAN
...rmation through group contact methods in Pakistan. Data were collected from 280 randomly selected farmers of four districts and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Survey method was used for data collection by researchers using a pre-tested research instrument. The results of the study show that sources of agricultural information used by the farmer respondents were seed/ fertilizer dealers, workshops, panel discussions, role playing and brainstorming. Howe...

 Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Abdul Razzaq*

EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASSES AND IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON FORAGE QUALITY
...ropogon contortus, Desmostachya bipinnata, Sorghum halepense and Chrysopogon aucheri with tree leaves of Leucaena leucocephala (Ipil ipil) in the ratio of 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, along with sole species on their chemical composition. Samples were analyzed for proximate parameters (crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), total ash and ether extract (EE)). The results revealed that there were significant differences in dry matter (DM) among different grasses. DM cont...

 Muhammad Asif Jamil*, Nowshad Khan*, FarhatUllah Khan* and Muhammad Zakria*

EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION TO THE FARMING COMMUNITY OF DISTRICT BHIMBER, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
...monstration, personal contact, group meetings and training were effective methods of communication. The study concluded that other sources of information i.e., relatives, friends were more influential in bringing changes in the behavior of the respondents and solving the problems of farm related issues. It was found that 38% of the aware respondents yield was 50% greater than unaware farmers. It was also concluded that 80% of the respondents had increased the ...

 Quratulain*, Muhammad Aslam**, Muhammad Khalid Rafique*, Mian Atiq Ahmad* and Rashid Mahmood***

POPULATION DYNAMICS OF ROSE APHID MACROSIPHUM ROSAE L. ON DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF ROSA INDICA L. IN PAKISTAN
...an Diar to avoid aphid attack. Maximum average number of aphid nymph, winged and wingeless adults on leaves, buds and flowers were 11.11, 4.97 and 10.13, respectively observed on Perfecta variety

...

 Khurram Nawaz Saddozai*, Umme Rubab* and Abass Ullah Jan* 

STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS OF MAIZE FARMERS IN AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR, PAKISTAN
...rs and more number of contacts with extension agents were more efficient. Contrarily, age of the farmer and large farm size have inverse relation to technical efficiency of the farmers. This research study concludes that the use of more labor and application of farm yard manure is contributing significantly. It is recommended that the high input prices may be levelled off by the regulatory authorities so that farmers can apply the required crop inputs such as ...

 Raja Zoq-ul-Arfeen*, Aamir Saleem*, Sarwat Naz Mirza*, Muhammad Akmal**, Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab* and Obaid Afzal***

BIODIVERSITY AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM RIPARIAN AREAS OF PAKISTAN: SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TAUNSA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY AND KETI SHAH FORESTS
... Cynodon dactylon, Desmostachya bipinnata, Imperata cylindrica, Fimbristylis hispidula, Acacia nilotica, Phragmites karka, Tamarix sp. and Saccharum bengalense as dominant species. The biodiversity in upstream and downstream areas were rich in pre-monsoon season in comparison to post-monsoon season in surveyed areas. This study is useful for management of the area in the future as conservation strategies can be made through considering the adaptive tree specie...

 Syed Waqar Shah* and Muhammad Ather Rafi*

PIERID (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) PESTS AND THEIR NEW CRUCIFERS HOSTS IN POTHWAR REGION OF PAKISTAN
...s , , ,, var. and were attacked by , and . Among above reported Pieridae species is reported for the first time however, is also a new record from districts Rawalpindi and Chakwal and from Jhelum, Rawalpindi and Chakwal. However, the non-cultivated host plants in the region were , , and . Among noncultivated hosts was the new host for . C. was found common host for , and from the study area. Among non-cultivated host plants was found for and for and . All the ...

Basharat Hussain Shah*, F. S. Hamid*, Shams ul Islam*, Fayaz Ahmad*, Sohail Aslam*, and Noorullah Khan*

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD AND OTHER ATTRIBUTES AT SHINKIARI, MANSEHRA
...aits studied. Root rot attack was observed during the growth period. Pea variety 'Meteor' was found susceptible against this disease followed by 'Sarsabz 9800-1' as moderately susceptible and 9375 as resistant. The other varieties/lines Pea-09, Climax, Local and PF-400 were found tolerant against this disease. Green pod yield per hectare data revealed that pea variety 'Climax' produced the highest yield (11.6 t ha-1) followed by advance lines PF-400 (11.5 t ha...

 Ghazala Nawaz*, Muhammad Nawaz Malik**, Muhammad Hassan
Mushtaq***, Fraz Munir Ahmad****, Ali Abdullah Shah*****, Farooq
Iqbal******, Shinawar Waseem Ali*******, Zahida Fatima******** and
Amjad Khan*********

SURVEILLANCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN LIVESTOCK IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...f awareness and close contact of farmers with their livestock in Pakistan. Where the socio-economic conditions of rural population does not allow test and slaughter policy, therefore, mass vaccination is recommended to control brucellosis through local government support.

...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Zafarullah Baloch3 

...farmers use Radio and contact farmers as sources of knowledge for agricultural practices and date palm cultivation. However, more than 68% of the respondents do not get advisory services from government extension service institutions at all. Age and experience are significantly correlated variables with r = 0.951 at 1% alpha level. Results from regression analysis revealed that age, education and experience are strong predictors in the model to increase the kn...
 Nazia Qamar1, Sher Khan Panhwar1,* and Ralf Riedel2,*
...econdarily preferred crustaceans. Fish was predominant for S. commersonnianus and crustaceans, especially of the genus Acetes sp., was equally important for S. tol. Acetes sp. was more important during the dry season for both, S. commersonnianus and S. tol. Adults of both species showed a higher feeding activity. The IRI showed fish, followed by crustac
Muhammad Umair Sattar1, Aysha Sameen1,*, Nuzhat Huma1 and Muhammad Shahid2
...ndicated that level of intact casein in LFMCs decreased with increase in ripening period. Use of guar gum at 0.15% level (G0.15) was found to be more effective as it act synergistically with cheese milk homogenization. They collectively increased the fat retention (10.67%) which inturn improve meltability (59.72 mm), stretchability (52.63 cm), texture (1650.7 g) and appearance (L*= 63.30) of G0.15. In conclusion, use of guar gum at 0.15% ...
Nazish Imran 
...e productive and able to tackle developmental challenges adequately.(4) On the other hand, poor mental health in young age is associated with school failure, delinquency, social and peer problems, substance misuse alongside adverse outcomes in adulthood. 
...
Shagufta Andleeb*1, Shabana Shaukat1, Chaman Ara2
...ach. Control group was intact and untreated. Eggs of one group were injected with a sub-lethal dose of cadmium chloride (1.5 µg/egg) in albumin on 7th day of incubation. In another group, eggs were treated with cadmium chloride and fresh garlic juice (0.2 µg / egg) after a short interval of 10 minutes. Antidote group was injected with fresh garlic juice (0.2 µg / egg). Eggs of each group were incubated at 37 ± 0.5 °Cand ...

Muhammad Suleman Bacha1*, Mohammad Nafees1 and Syed Adnan2
 

... the natural resources intact while minimizing the risks in the years ahead. 

...
Archana Naithani, Pongthep Suwanwaree* and Bartosz Nadolski
...andrine parakeet (Psittacula eupatria) in the study, listed under the category ‘Near Threatened’ in the IUCN Red List, is a matter of concern.The findings of the present study would provide the baseline information about the composition of the avian community and its distribution in the Suranaree University of Technology, which is an important ecosystem for the conservation of avian biodiversity. Many other areas adjacent to the campus also ...
Shuai Shang1,2, Honghai Zhang2,*, Xiaoyang Wu2, Qinguo Wei2, Jun Chen1, Huanxin Zhang1, Huaming Zhong2 and Xuexi Tang1,*
...genes including eleven intact genes and four pseudogenes from raccoon dogs were identified for the first time. We also obtained Tas2r genes from fourteen additional species based on their genome sequences and our previous study, including thirteen carnivorous species and one omnivorous species. Then, we constructed a phylogenetic tree using Tas2r genes sequences from these fifteen species. Phylogenetic analyses showed that most Tas2r genes...
Souheila Slimani1,*, Sonia Hamouda1, Chahrazed Souadi1, Sara Silini2, Cherif Abdennour2 and Leila Delimi3
...d refractory phase.The intact stages of spermatogenesis indicates that the thiram-exposed pigeons were not in the refractoriness period.

 

...
Muhammad Shahid Saeed1, Adeela Shahid2, Samia Jawed3, Muhammad Akram4, Irshad Hussain Qureshi5 
...uring the acute severe attack of asthma
Objective: This study was panned to determine the effect of intravenous MgSO4 on pulmonary function test in acute severe attack of asthma.
Methodology: A double blind placebo control study was conduced on about 132 asthmatics, which were aged between 18-60 years at Mayo Hospital Emergency with FEV1 ≤ 30% of the predicted va...

Abdul Basit1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,4*, Sohail Ahmed2, Gohar Ali2 and Muhammad Javaid

...arantia and other cucurbitaceous vegetables incurring 30 to 100% crop loss. This study evaluated the use of refractive color sheets on fruit fly incidence and infestation on bitter gourd plants and compared it with reduced-risk insecticide formulations of spinosad. Refractive sheets of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, black and white were installed in M. charantia beds at three different angles (30º, 60º and 90º). Results revealed that control ...
Yan Li1, Kai Zhan1,*, Junying Li1, Wei Liu1, Ruiyu Ma1, Shengnan Liu1, Haijun Cui1 and Xin Zhang2
...oup 1 chicks served as intact control. Trimming of claw of group 2 chicks was performed by the method of partial amputation of the third toe (along the distal phalanx) at day of hatch; the first and third toes were declawed in the group 3, while the second and fourth ones were trimming in group 4. They were caged with the same batch of non-declawed hens. Compared with intact control, laying rate was significantly increased i...

Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Veraldo Liesenberg2 and Syed Shehzad Hassan1  

...lnerable zones for YSB attacks on rice crop using satellite thermal datasets. The area under investigation was 13700 km2 area out of which 8627 km2 was covered by rice plantations. Thermal datasets covered the area of 8627 km2 comprising 10663 pixels which returned 10663 spatially distributed temperature values. Six, thermal datasets were obtained for the duration between (April 03-June 22) 2014, with a temporal window of 16 days to delineate YSB vulnerability...
Faisal Masood*1, Ranjit Kumar Sah2 and Ahmad Humayun Sarfaraz3
... from dorsal proximal (intact cortex) aspect of distal radius and engaging the volar fragment aiming the subchondral cortex and were supplemented with short arm cast application in volar flexion. The outcome was evaluated using Pattee and Thompson functional criteria at 6 month. Also the percentage of union and time to union were evaluated.
Results: The mean age of total ten patients was 29.8± 3.20 years (25-35 years). We achieved uni...
Maryam Javed*, Farwa Saghir, Naveera Aziz, Maham Saeed, Asif Nadeem and Wasim Shehzad
...towards aggression and attack, so they should be handled with great caution.
...
Rafa Almeer1,*, A. Alqarni1,2, S. Alqattan3, S. Abdi4,*, S. Alarifi1, Z.Hassan5 and A. Semlali6
...ology with accelerated detachment compared to untreated cells. The MTT assay after 48 h revealed that treatment with H1 and H2, reduced cell viability by 48% and 91% respectively, compared to that of untreated cells. These results suggest that anticancer effect of Sidr and Wild honey corresponds to their ability to modulate gene expression of MMPs and TIMPs in MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Further investigations are required to understand the molecular mechanism of h...

G. Venkatesan* and Amit Kumar  

... in humans who are in contact with infected animals and their products. Unique and specific virulence genes located at termini of ORFV genome with their encoded products are attributed to host immune evasion, short-term immunity both in natural infection post-vaccination in target species and repeated host susceptibility. However, these genes are variable among ORFV isolates/strains as they are not located in central part of genome and some of them are either ...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

 

...lla oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Lecanicillium muscarium, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Monacrosporium ellipsosporum demonstrated a prominent attraction intensity. The attraction intensity of all these fungi increased with time, while that of two fungi, Dactylaria gracilis and A. dactyloides, remained neutral throughout the experiment. Only...
Qudsia Yousafi1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Aslam3 and Allah Ditta Abid4
... Southeast Asia. It is attacked by several insect pests, but brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB), Leucinodes orbonalis G. is the most important insect pest attacking almost all the plant parts except roots. The effect of removal of BSFB infested brinjal shoots and use of light trap was studied for management of this insect pest. The study was conducted on spring sown crop during 2013 in Sahiwal, Pakitan using brinjal...

Muhammad Haroon Hullio1,4, Abdul Ghani Lanjar2, Abdul Rahman Dhuyo3, Imran Khattri4 and Agha Mushtaque Ahmed4* 

...vince which is the main stack holding area of rice. Three different ecological zones of Sindh province including Larkana, Jacobabad and Badin were selected. The study was based on a sample of 25 tillers covering all area from an acre in order to record the pest population randomly. Later, the pest population was also recorded at particular stages of rice (tillering, milking and booting) with effect of abiotic factors (temperature and relative humidity). In las...

Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito1*, Tajwer Sultana Syed1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1 and Inayatullah Rajper2  

...stify;">Cotton crop is attacked by many insect pests and most of them have developed resistance against the synthetic pesticides. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the influence of green manure (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and conventional IPM on population of sucking insect pests of cotton during 2013. The population of sucking insect pests i.e., Bemesia tabaci, Amrasca biguttula biguttula and Scirtothrips dorsalis was recorded on weekly basis c...
Xiaqing Chen, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...a fungal pathogen that attacks mulberry fruits and causes disease named as “popcorn disease”. Many Trichoderma spp. produce a series of antibiotic metabolites that can inhibit plant pathogens. Trichoderma hamatum isolated from infected mulberry fruits was evaluated for its efficiency to suppress plant pathogen S. shiraiana alone or in combination with fungicide carbendazim under laboratory conditions. The results sh...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Mujahid Iqbal3  

...Macrosiphum miscanthi, attack on wheat crop by mobile phone. A sample size of 60 farmers was selected by systematic sampling technique using the available list of the farmers provided by Agricultural Extension Department. The respondents were than randomly assigned into two groups, one group was comprised of experimental group (to whom a set of advisory instructions were sent by mobile phone) and other was control (face-to-face). Two- population independent t-...
Neelima Gupta

 

...electron microscopy on attachment structures revealed that the inner papillae had narrow bases and spine-like apices, the outer ones had wide bases and nipple like apices encircled by a conspicuous ring and embedded in the body wall. The body of the worm was striated and grooved assisting flexibility to the worm during movement. Attempts to develop the larvae in ducks Anas platyrynchas by feeding were unsuccessful up to 17 days post infection suggesting...

Aneel Salman1, Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Muhammad Ashfaq2, Mudassar Rashid1 and Usman Shakoor1 

...ation strategies, and obstacles faced in adaptation. The results of the study need to be interpreted with caution, as we did not focus on other determinants like education, role of media, and government policies that can affect farmers’ choices to adopt climate resilient farming practices.  

...

Amjad Ali1, Abbas Ullah Jan1, Lal Almas2, Noor Piao Khan1 and Khurran Nawaz Saddozai

...tenancy and extension contacts are determinants in allocative inefficiency model. Results of the study revealed that except farmyard manure and pesticides all other explanatory variables are significant influencing factors in total cost of sugarcane production in district Charsadda. In socio-economic characteristics family size and extension contacts show negative correlation with allocative inefficiency. Mean allocative eff...
Zafar Iqbal*, Farah Ansar, Zil-e-Huma
...llanus sp.); two crustaceans (Argulus foliaceus and Lernaea cyprinacea,), one mollusca (Glochdium). The pathogenic fungal genera isolated were: Aspergillus, Alternaria, Penicillium, Mucor. Blastomyces, Rhizopus and Fusarium. Ten bacterial genera were also isolated; Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Moraxella, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus,. Carnobact...

 Muhammad Mohsin Ahsan1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2*, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1, Arshad Ali3, Zafar Iqbal Kahan4, Kafeel Ahmed4

Intra- and inter-specific foraging in three scorpion species
...ic. Mesobuthus tumulus attacked and fed more upon juvenile and sub- adults (medium- sized), scorpions. They also consumed dead scorpions of their own species. Odontobuthus odonturus preferred to attack and consume healthy adults and did not feed on dead scorpions. Androctonus finitimus aggressively attacked and consumed all types of prey scorpions of its own species, except the dead ones. ...

Tasleem Akhtar, Nadeem Sheikh*

Induction of acute phase in response to tacrolimus induced hepatotoxicity
... immunosuppressive drug (tacrolimus). Aqueous suspension of tacrolimus powder (3 mg/ml) was orally given to four experimental groups of wistar rats. Control group was provided with normal drinking water and dissections were done after 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of tacrolimus dose. Densitometric analysis revealed considerable elevated level of some positive acute phase proteins, specifically C-reac...

 Saima Naz*, Adil Ali Rajpar, Abdul Hameed Chandio

New Records of some Phthiraptera (chewing lice) of birds from urban areas of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
...bank
myna; Neopsittaconirmus lybartota (Ansari, 1947) from Indian Parakeet; Degeeriella regalis (Giebel, 1866) from black
kite. All were new records from Hyderabad. Bank myna was recorded as new host for M. eurysternus and black kite
was reported first time harbouring Degeeriella regalis from Pakistan.

...

 Zafar Iqbal*, Hafiza Madhia Imtiaz

Parasites of double tail goldfish, Carassius auratus L. imported to Pakistan
...tensity was found 4.2. Metacercariae of an un-identified
digenean were also found encysted on gill filaments (infection 32%, mean intensity 3.87). Ichthyophthirius
multifiliis infection on fins was found 20% and mean intensity was found 2.4. Trichodina sp. infection on
fins was 12% (with mean intensity 13). Low infection by Piscinoodinium pillulare on fins (8%) and of
Tetrahymena sp. on fins and gills (4%) was also observed. This st...

 Zubair Ahmed#, Muhammad Farhanullah Khan, Habiballah Rana*

Toxicological effects of Haloxylon recurvum Bunge ex Boiss (Khar Boti) whole plant extract and novel insecticide chlorantraniliprole against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky
... of stored grain pests attack stored commodities at storage facilities.
Among these, maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais is one of the most threatening
pests. Botanical insecticides derived from plants have increased popularity in
stored products protection due to ecological concerns and insect resistance to
chemical insecticides. In these regards, a study were carried out to evaluate
toxicity of crude methanol extract of whole ...

 Siddra Tayyab Akhtar, Anjum Nasim Sabri

Twitching, swimming, swarming in biofilm forming strains in response to chemical and physical factors
...hat instead of biofilm detachment by
expensive commercial detergents, we could change the physical environment of
sewage systems as well as flooding some specific chemicals, which disrupt
bacterial motilities and biofilm formation.

...

 Raazia Kiran1, Alya Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan1*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir2

An overview of pre-treatment methods used for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into valuable products
...ne to
enzymatic attack for saccharification. In this review, we have discussed different
pre-treatment methods and their effect on recalcitrant structure of lignocelluloses
for making it readily available for enzymatic hydrolysis 

...

Faheem Ali1*, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1, Abdul Basit2, Muhammad Kashif Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad1 and Muhammad Amir

...d, static capacitors can tackle the reactive VARs, but in steps only. Thus, a real time solution is required for sensing, controlling, and injection of VARs based on the actual requirement. Such a solution is proposed in this paper along with simulation results. This would help agriculture-based industries in avoiding paneities, which would in turn lower the production cost of agricultural products. Also, sensitive equipment would not be encountering voltage f...

Saman Fatima* and Shazia Iram 

...ulate. They can either attack the healthy fruit leading to various infections or they can enter through various lesions caused by physical stress and worsen the condition. 

...
Aqeel Mehboob, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Muhammad Sarmadand Maryam Bajwa
...ra at early stages attacks on the leaves and later stage larva fed almost every part of plant. Due to environmental pollution and the incapability of toxic agents in controlling the target pests at the recommended doses of synthetic pesticides, alternative methods like botanical extract in the control of this pest consider greater importance nowadays. The antifeedant and oviposition deterrent index of Moringa oleifera, Murraya paniculata and ...
Muhammad Usman Asif*, Raza Muhammad, Waseem Akbar, Mubasshir Sohail and Muhammad Awais  
...ater resistance to the attack of jassids (0.21/leaf) whitefly (0.29/leaf) and thrips (1.63/leaf). Similarly, NIA-M-16 also showed the lowest infestation of whitefly (0.29/leaf). Whereas, infestation of bollworms illustrated that NIA-M-20 was highly susceptible against spotted and pink bollworms with percent infestation of 5.52 and 2.79%, respectively. The genotype NIA-HM-27 proved to be most efficient by rendering the lowest (0.82%) infestation of spotted...
Muhammad Usman Ahmadand Ikram-ul-Haq*
...i isolates from 30 intact poultry intestines were cultured and identified preliminary on the basis of microscopy and biochemical testing. E. coli strain EC4 was screened as best oxyrase producer with activity of 0.41±0.008U/mL/min with 41% reduction in dissolved oxygen at pH 7.5, temperature 37°C, 25mM lactate as H+ donor after 20 min. This strain was later on confirmed by 16S ribotyping procedure. Oxyrase was used for improved...

Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan, Urooba Pervaiz And Mehmood Iqbal 

...ed method for farmers contact was individual contact method (63%) as identified by extension agents. Non- significant association exist between diffusion of improved practices with adoption constraints and best teaching method used, while significant association exist with frequently used contact method. It is recommended that necessary inputs on subsidised rates should be provided to exte...
Alexus McLeod
...Part One) and the Postcontact text Popol Vuh (in Part Two). I offer interpretive reconstructions, to illustrate key features of the Maya concept of sacrifice as a principle of growth as well as metaphysical and ethical renewal, as demonstration of the interrelatedness of phenomena, and as an aspect of personal survival. 
...

 Azam Ali* and Amjad Farooq

...more resistant to pest attacks than non-Bt. Therefore Bt cotton should be grown to combat pest infestation.

...

 Ping Zhang1,2, Yabin Pu1, Yu Zhang2, Jia Chen2, Kunfu Wang3, Qian Li3, Yujiao Sun3, Yuehui Ma1, Shuqing Jiao2,* and Weijun Guan1,*

...rified by differential attachment technique. Cell morphology were observed using an inverted microscope, and MDSCs proliferation pattern were determined through growth curve analyses. MDSCs were identified by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR, and the immunofluorescence antibody invoved Sca-1, CD34, CD144, Desmin and CD45 which are the makers of MDSCs. Finally, MDSCs were induced into Adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and neuron-like cells by the optimized ind...
SiRui Wang1,2, Fekede Regasa Joka1,2, XiaoLong Wang1,2,* and SuYing Bai2,*
...ser montanus, Psittacula roseata and Emberiza elegans, were selected.The sequences of the GTPase effector domain (GED) of the Mx gene were determined by PCR sequencing. The haplotypes were analysed by DNA SP software. The Datamonkey Adaptive Evolution Server was used to detect the selection pressure. Phylogenetic analyses of the reported sequences of jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) and the 10 tested birds were performed. A total of ...

Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi* 

...there are no remedies to tackle this problem. Environmental issues are also needed to be addressed in the future research agenda of this disease.
 

...

Tariq Shah1*, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad3 

...that farmers visit or contact livestock expert mainly for livestock diseases and artificial insemination. However, some of the respondents report long distance, lack of proper facilities and high charges for not visiting the livestock experts. Majority of the respondents both member and non-member respondents have not attended any training on livestock or related program. Few of the respondents have participated in field days, workshop and seminars regarding l...

Muhammad Ijaz, Sayed Rashad Ali Shah*, Muhammad Izhar-ul-Haq and Amir Afzal 

...r filed conditions and detached leaf assay against LLS pathogen. Most of genotypes during three years of study at early assessments under field conditions showed resistant response whereas, at late assessments most of genotypes were susceptible. In pathogen-host relationship several components of partial resistance have been proposed. Under detached leaf assay Virginia type groundnut showed minimum spots per leaf, sporulatio...

Ayat Ullah* and Ayesha Khan 

... of extension-farmers contact frequency on farmers’ knowledge of improved ways of chemical, biological and cultural control methods in the rain-fed districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Using multistage random sampling technique data were collected from 395 respondents according to Yamane’s formula. The study uses the Kruskal–Wallis H test for checking differences among farmers knowledge with differences in their con
Junli Sun1,2,3, Lin Bai1 2, Xiaogan Yang1,2, Yangqing Lu1,2, Shengsheng Lu1,2,* and Kehuan Lu1,2,*
...gher than Group I with intact oocytes (P<0.05) and Group III with the puncture of zona and plasma membrane and aspiration egg cytoplasm (P<0.05) on the cleavage rate, and was extremely significantly higher than Group III on the blastocyst rate (P<0.001). Raman spectroscopy of the spent culture media of these parthenogenetic embryos revealed that there were obvious reduced in the intensity of Raman characteristic peaks at 810 cm-1, 1371 cm

Tahira Jatt1, Ghulam Sarwar Markhand1, Lane Rayburn2, Ray Ming3, Mushtaque Ahmed Jatoi1 and Ameer Ahmed Mirbahar1,4* 

...complement consists of metacentric (m), sub-metacentric (sm), sub-telocentric (st) and telocentric (t) chromosomes and average length of chromosomes vary in all cultivars ranging from 0.99μm to 6.46μm. Results indicated that var. Wild03 have symmetric karyotype with 11m+4sm+3t. Wild03 was likely primitive karyotype as compared to var. Asul Khurmo which represented the advance karyotype by showing maximum number of telo...
Zhimin Yuan1, Yan Yu2, Yanmei Wang1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...eople are in frequent contact with these bats. However, assessing the gut microbiota, especially the potential pathogens, is needed for public health. Thus, this study aimed to explore the microbial diversity of the gastrointestinal tract of H. alaschanicus and to estimate the risk to humans caused by the hosted pathogenic bacteria. The 16S rRNA gene V1−V2 regions were sequenced using MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform to study the b...
Qihang Liu1,2, Yueli Jiang1, Jin Miao1, Zhongjun Gong1, Tong Li1, Yun Duan1 and Yuqing Wu1*
...behavior to enhance phototactic effect. These results can be exploited to control pests using light stimulation where orange light time regulates the visual response to intensify bio-response effect.
...

Zeshan Siraj1*, Amjad Farooq1 and Zahid Mehmood2 

...trol measures to avoid attack of jassids in this month priorly in order to reduce the economic loss,.It was concluded that mid of September was more suitable for incidence of jassids 

...

Naveed Afsar* and Muhammad Idrees 

...ll to more appropriately tackle the menace of climate change, extension workers should be made sure to visit the farmers in their fields on regular basis, and Government should promote information technology in order to properly disseminate the climate change knowledge. 

...

Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Mian Anjum Murtaza2, Ejaz Ahraf3, Zahoor Hussain4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1 and Maryam Riaz1 

...e serious insect pests attacking citrus plants in Pakistan. The study was conducted to quantify the leaf area damage of eight citrus cultivars caused by mining activity of CLM during summer 2016. The total leaf area and mine area per leaf were calculated by the image analysis method using Sigma Scan Pro 5.0 software. The results of the present study showed that CLM generated larger mines; 1.64 cm2 on Grapefruit, 1.44 cm2 on Kinnow and 1.40 cm2 on Succari compa...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...r soaked palm tissue (contact/ingestion)) was significant (p < 0.05) except the for difference between 1 h and 24 hin larvae with direct spray treatment, which was insignificant (p > 0.05). The study concludes that new information regarding the efficacy of these two insecticides which can be used to replace the conventional, over-aged and less effective insecticides that have been extensively used in controlling RPW.  
...
Mohammed Al Bratty1,*, Hassan A. Alhazmi1,2, Desam Nagarjuna Reddy3, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab3, Sadique A. Javed1 and Zia ur Rehman1,4
...eir hives from outside attackers including microorganisms. In present study, propolis sample was collected from adjacent to Jazan city, Saudi Arabia and the chemical constituents of the ethanolic extract was evaluated by GC-MS. The ethanolic extract was tested against selected strains of microorganisms for its antibacterial and antifungal activities. The major classes of compounds indentified in the extract were fatty acid esters and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Me...
Muhammad Aslam Farooqi*, Bakhtawar Irsa, Sajjad Ali, Asif Sajjad, Muhammad Waqar Hassan and Sohail Akhtar

 

... efforts to study the contact toxicity of some insecticides i.e. acephate, lambda-cyhalothrin, diafenthiuron, profenofos and spirotetramat against adult workers of Apis mellifera L. These insecticides were frequently being used to control different insect pests of major crops in Punjab-Pakistan. The experimentation was performed under laboratory conditions (28±2°C and 65±5% R.H). Four different concentrations (i.e. 50 ppm...
Manzoor Hussain*, Marie Maňasová, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...parasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Lecanicillium muscarium,Trichoderma harzianum and Pleurotus ostreatus,along with two chemicals,Vydate and Basamid (G),were evaluated against northern root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne hapla, on carrots in a greenhouse. All fungi and chemicals proved to be efficient in reducing the infestation level of Meloidogyne ...
Riaz Shah1* and Margaret Appleby2
...n IPM. In this study, contact and residual toxicity of selected low-risk pesticides were tested against TSSM adult females and three commonly available predators (Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, Neoseiulus fallacis McGregor and Stethorus punctillum Weise). TSSM adult females and adults of TSSM predators were released on the leaf discs either before spray (contact bioassay) or after the spray (res...
QihangLiu1,2, YueliJiang2, Tong Li2, Jin Miao2, Zhongjun Gong2, Yun Duan2, and YuqingWu2*
...oitation of locusts phototactic response has been one such technique. The current study investigated the impact of different light wavelengths and intensities on the visual and thoracic temperature responses of locusts. Our results showed that ultraviolet (UV), violet, and orange light stimulated the visual system of the locust and resulted in increases in thoracic temperature, orange light stimulated the visual response the most, violet light triggered the st...
Muhammad Ramzan1*, Muhammad Nadeem1, Masood Maqbool1, Ghulam Murtaza2
...iety was free from the attack of thrips population. Among all tested varieties, NIAB-78 and MNH-886 were found most resistant and susceptible against thrips, respectively. The mean population of thrips on MNH-886 and NIAB-78 were recorded 5.43 and 3.49 per plant, respectively. The study revealed that NIAB-98 (4.92/plant) and NIAB-999 (4.92/plant) were found more attractive varieties against thrips population during the whole study period. The study concluded t...
Qaisar Jamal*, Akram Shah, Syed Basit Rasheed and Muhammad Adnan
... 4, the log phase, the metacyclic promastigotes appeared in the culture. The metacyclic to leptomonad to nectomonad ratio was 27%, 43% and 29% respectively. The ratio of metacyclics steadily increased towards the mid-log (53%), late-log (67%), and stationary phase (83%). Metacyclics had long flagella and short stumpy cell bodies with anterior end much br...
Hazrat Ali1,2,*, Ezzat Khan1,* and Muhammad Jamal Nasir3
...oma naziri and Mastacembelus armatus. Cr concentrations in fish muscles ranged from 30.5±41.9 to 70.8±12.1 mg kg−1 wet weight, Ni from 16.7±10.2 to 103.5±114.1 mg kg−1 wet weight, Cd from 1.1±0.18 to 2.5±0.21 mg kg−1 wet weight and Pb from 29.7±18.3 to 97.7±95.4 mg kg−1 wet weight. Metal concentrations in muscle samples of the ...
Mustafa Koyun1*and Şenol Çelik2
...ated the effect of Mastacembelocleidus heteranchorus (monogenea), Unio pictorum (glochidial larvae) and D. spathaceum (digenetic trematode) on the weight and sex of the host fish (Mastacembelus mastacembelus) by using some data mining algorithms. During this study, the fish weight (g) and length (mm) of 122 fish were measured. In addition, the distribution of

Muhammad Akbar Ali Shah1, Gamze Özel2, Christophe Chesneau3, Muhammad Mohsin4, Farrukh Jamal5* and Muhammad Faheem Bhatti6 

...Fertilizer and Disease attack respectively. Thus, Model II is acceptable for the estimation of rice yield not only for district Lodhran but also for the case of Pakistan. 

...

Basharat Hussain Shah*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Shams ul Islam, Naveed Ahmed, Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan and Qamar uz Zaman. 

... Except for stem borer attack no prominent disease attack was observed in the experiment during the growth period. Significant differences were observed in the genetic material for all the parameters studied. Maximum plant height of 165.8 cm was recorded for Line-31. Maximum number of tillers per plant 23.9 was recorded for Line-80. Maximum stem diameter of 7.20 mm was recorded for Line-140. The highest flag leaf length of 4...
Yanyan Yu1,2,3, Yizhong Hu1, Qipeng Zhang1, Rongquan Zheng1,4,*, Bing Shen1, Shenshen Kong1 and Ke Li1
...s design to analyse phonotactic response to stimulus and subsequently estimated the values of female preference functions for call duration and call rate, and recorded and analysed the properties of 756 advertisement calls from 40 males at five reproductive stages and conducted single-stimulus phonotaxis experiments to estimate female preference for different acoustic parameters. Our studies have shown Q. spinosa may have female mating preferences and p...
Tanveer Ahmad1, Tariq Mehmood1, Muhammad Shahid1, Adnan Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Asim Raza Basra1, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman3* and Munawar Ali Munawar1
...iscover new molecules to tackle with the problem. In this work, sulfonamides and sulfonylurea-sulfonamide hybrids were synthesized from simple molecule of 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide by its reaction with aryl sulfonyl chlorides. Anti-diabetic activities of these pharmacophores were studied by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) percentage analysis on Sprague Dawley (SD) rats at the dose of 20mg/kg using glibenclamide (GC). Among these synthesized pharmacophores, ...
Nahed H. Ghoneim, Maha A. Sabry, Zeinab S. Ahmed and Esraa A. Elshafiee*
...d from individuals in contact with the examined chickens. Eleven Campylobacter isolates were recovered through bacteriological examination. Campylobacter spp. were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as C. jejuni (63.6 %) and C. coli (36.4 %) through the detection of the Map A and Ceu E genes, respectively. The antibiotic resistance of the Campylobacter isolates was determined via the disc diffusion me...
Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel
...first threat and first attack were increased significantly, while the duration time of flight, number of fights, nasonasal, nasogenital and rears were decreased significantly. The latency to first bite was significantly increased, however the number of bites was decreased dramatically when compared with control. Motor activity and grip strength data were decreased significantly in exposed offsping. Interestingly, blood parameters like packed cell volume, red b...
Nadeem Munawar1,2*, Tariq Mahmood2, Paula Rivadeneira1, Ali Akhter2 and Saqib Mehmood2
...anthium annulatum, Desmostachya bipinnata, Imperata cylindrical, Ziziphus nummularia, Achyranthes aspera, Calotropis procera, Sorghum halepense and Capparis deciduas. This vegetation supported the year-round population of rodents in the Pothwar agro-ecosystem by providing shelter, cover, and food. The data suggest that further research is needed to test various ecologically-based rodent management strategies e.g. management of non-crop...

Reda Mohamed1, 2 

...s. The epiploic branch detached either from the splenic, celiac or right ruminal arteries. The left ruminal artery arose either from the celiac, splenic or left gastric arteries. The reticular artery originated either from the left ruminal, splenic, celiac or left gastric arteries. The left gastric artery originated either from the celiac or hepatic arteries. Knowledge of the variations of the celiac trunk branches is important for veterinary surgeons during s...
Daniel Cocan1, Vioara Mireşan1, Florentina Popescu1, Radu Constantinescu1, Aurelia Coroian1, Călin Laţiu1, Romulus Valeriu Flaviu Turcu3, Alexandru Ştefan Fărcăşanu3 and Cristian Martonos2,*
...the muscular fascicles attached to the radius, are forming the venomous apparatus. Triangular positioning of pectoral and dorsal spines and also of their afferent venomous glands represents an efficient defensive mechanism against aquatic, terrestrial and aerial predators. Using MRI techniques for anatomical investigations of venomous glands in Brown bullhead proved to be very precise both in identifying the shape and the topography of the venomous glands. Als...

Muhammad Asif Farooq1*, Muhammad Jalal Arif1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi1, Bilal Atta2 and Ahmad Nawaz

...ination of different IPM tactics to suppress the pest population with no or minimal use of insecticides. Each module was applied in an area of 0.405 ha of a mango orchard. Fruit samples collected from all modules were subjected to analytical analysis using QuECHERS for sample preparation followed by quantification with GC-ECD. Recoveries of the samples analyzed were ranged from 78-98%. Results revealed that 75.00% samples of pesticide residues mitigation in PR...
Wenping Hu1, Xiangyu Wang1, Xiaodi Sun2, Ran Di1, Qiuyue Liu1, Zhangyuan Pan1, Xiaofei Guo1, Xiaohan Cao1, Jinyu Wang2, Yingjie Zhang3, Mei Jin4, Yuze Yang5 and Mingxing Chu1*

Peer Sikandar Shah1, Ghulam Nabi1, Maqsood Khan*1,2, Saddam Hussain1 and Jawad Ali Jan1

...to genus Luffa of Cucurbitaceae family. Macro nutrients such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium play a significant role in the plant growth and development such as nitrogen support the vegetative parts of the plant and phosphorus have significant role in the development of the root and also producing the energy by forming ATP and potassium encourage carbohydrates metabolism, enzymes establishment and osmotic regulation This experiment was conducted at Agri...

Muhammad Shakeel1,2*, Salik Nawaz2, Yasar Saleem3, Shazia Shafique2, Ateeq Tahir2 and Muhammad Riaz2

...her stakeholders were contacted by personal visits, telephone calls and distribution of the structured questionnaire. Information was collected from Punjab, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (KPK) provinces, Kashmir and Islamabad. A total of 167 farmers and amateurs growers, engaged in the cultivation of high value or medicinal crops were contacted. Out of these, 68 found as broccoli growers and most probably due to shyness o...

Reda Mohamed1, 2* 

...t gastroepiploic veins detach from the gastroduodenal vein. The caudal duodenal or caudal pancreaticoduodenal, jejunal, ileal, ileocolic and caudal mesenteric veins originate from the cranial mesenteric vein. The caecal vein is considered as either as a branch of the ileocolic vein or as its direct continuation. The middle colic vein arises from either the cranial mesenteric vein, the caudal mesenteric vein or the right colic vein. The left colic and cranial r...

Ahmad Kiani1*, Shapour Zarifian1, Hosein Kouhestani1 and Hosein Karimzadeh

...hey are not paramount obstacle to be dealt with in order to contribute rural industrialization. 

...

Arshad Farooq1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan2, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq3 and Asif Nawaz

... tenant farmers while contact with the agriculture extension department reduces the knowledge gap of sugarcane recommended management practices. The results further show that the coefficient value of knowledge gap of district Mardan farmers is high than the farmers of district D.I. Khan research area. The study suggested that government should provide proper education facilities to the farming community for reducing illiteracy. Agricultural extension departmen...

Hassan Boulahyaoui1,2*, Sanaa Alaoui Amine1,3, Marouane Melloul4, Farida Hilali5, Elmostafa El-Fahime1,3, Saad Mrani1,2 and Nadia Touil1,5* 

Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Zia-Ur-Rehman1 and Humayun Saleem

... Gujranwala. Potato is attacked by a number of diseases including early blight of potato, black scurf disease of potato, stem canker and powdery scab of potato. Among various fungal diseases in potato crop, the black scurf disease of potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani, affects the quality of potato and lowers its market value. A preliminarily a study was designed to see the prevalence, incidence and severity of black scurf disease in the markets of Federal Te...

M. Hammouchi1*, G. Sebbar1, N. Touil2, C. Loutfi1, Y.S. Malik3, M. El-Harrak1 and O. Fassi-Fehri4 

... breeds) brought into contact without manifestation of clinical signs, may indicate that local breeds of sheep might play an important role in the prevention of dissemination of PPR by virtue of its natural immunity. 

...

Ehsan-Ul-Haque1, Akbar Hayat1*, Muhammad Asim1, Sajjad Hussain2, Muhammad Shakeel Hanif3, Muhammad Zubair1, Muhammad Abdullah Jamil1 and Faheem Khadija1 

...fruit decay and fungal attack. In the present study two salts were incorporated in commercial wax to control postharvest decay in Willow leaf mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Sodium bicarbonate and Potassium sorbate incorporated (6% w/v concentration) in wax were used to compare with commercially used fungicide (Thiabendazole). Study was conducted at 4±1 C° with 90±05% relative humidity for 6...

K. Osei1† , A. I. Adama1 , E. C. Tagoe2 and J. Sackey-Asante1

 

Biochar effect on nematodes and insects population density, soil improvement and yield of okra
... lands (Savci, 2012; Bhattacharyya et al., 2015). Biotic factors such as plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) and foliar insects have been implicated as major constraints to okra production (Asare-Bediako et al., 2014b). The attack of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) has been reported as the most serious, widespread and alarming which causes tremendous yield losses (Hussain et al., 2011; Kayani et al., 2013; Barros et al., ...

Kulsoom Iftikhar1, Shahzad Anwar1, Izhar Ul Haq1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1 and Sayed Riaz Akbar1 

AN OPTIMAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION
... cell shape}, marginal attachment and
radius of circle enclosing the abnormality) are nominated as input features to the ANN to predict the benign or
malignant breast carcinoma. The network is trained, tested and validated on data bases that comprises of a set of
previously extracted features provided by Wisconsin and Essex Universities. For the established neural networks comparative
analysis is performed to study the optimum param...

Muhammad Shahid1, Adiqa Kiani2* and Mahmood Shah3

Livestock Tackles the Major Sector Fluctuations in Agrarian Sector and Raises Economic Performance: A Study of Pakistan
...ications of livestock in tackling seasonal fluctuations, inputs shocks and failure of crops in major sector by taking time series data from 1984 to 2017. Auto regressive distributive lag (ARDL) econometric technique was applied to conclude empirical results. Further, cumulative sum (CUSUM) and CUSUM square test was used to check the stability and structural breaks of the model. The results of research show the statistical significant and positive impact of liv...

Muhammad Shahid1, Adiqa Kiani2* and Mahmood Shah3

Livestock Tackles the Major Sector Fluctuations in Agrarian Sector and Raises Economic Performance: A Study of Pakistan
...ications of livestock in tackling seasonal fluctuations, inputs shocks and failure of crops in major sector by taking time series data from 1984 to 2017. Auto regressive distributive lag (ARDL) econometric technique was applied to conclude empirical results. Further, cumulative sum (CUSUM) and CUSUM square test was used to check the stability and structural breaks of the model. The results of research show the statistical significant and positive impact of liv...

Azra1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Dilawar Khan1

Factors Influencing Inflation and Economic Growth in Pakistan: An Econometric Analysis
...ould the policy makers attach genuine attention to these factors, it is expected that Pakistan economy will perform reasonably well. Specification and diagnostic tests revealed the appropriateness and soundness of the inflation and economic growth models. Parameters stability was examined for two periods (1991 and 2002). CPI showed stability in both periods but GDP did not demonstrate in the second period.

...
Kemi F. Omotesho*, Adedamola V. Adetayo, Adeniyi F. Akinrinde and Deborah A. Olabode
 
Challenges to the Adoption of Agricultural Innovations: The Case of Yam Minisett Technology in Kwara State, Nigeria
...requency of extension contact (β=0.209) and membership of farmer-groups (β=0.562) significantly influenced adoption. The study concluded by highlighting the determinants as well as challenges to the adoption of the technology. Recommendations include increase in the frequency of extension visit, adequate sensitisation and training, and provision of needed accompanying materials as measures to ensure the adoption of innovations in the study area.

...

Muhammad Naveed Anjum1, Abdur Rehman1*, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan1, Raheel Saqib2, Mohammad Fayaz3 and Iqbal Javed4

Impact of Microfinance on Socioeconomic Status of Farmers in District Dera Ismail Khan
...per time. The farmers contacted the local agricultural credit officers, with governmental and non-governmental organizations and with different friends and relatives. The overall study concluded that the socioeconomic status of the farmers had been improved due to microcredit facility from the Khushhali Bank limited and other governmental and nongovernmental micro financing institutions in D.I. Khan. Finally, the study recommended that the government should ma...

Shahida Nasreen Zakir*, Samina Siddiqui**, Nasreen Ghaffar*

MAJOR ELEMENTS CONCENTRATIONS IN CALCAREOUS SOILS
...ch a manner that soil contact of P, K and Fe can be minimized.
...
Sitara Nawaz1, Shamaila Irum1, Haroon Ahmed2, Shazia Shamas1, Sadia Roshan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi4, Irfan Ullah5*, Gulnaz Parveen3*
...ry and they come into contact with livestock. It is concluded that high rate of prevalence can be related to lack of awareness low socioeconomic level, presence of domestic animals in surroundings, poor hygienic conditions and lack of proper medical care. A public awareness and vaccination program is needed to control the spread factors. There should be an eradicated for breeding sites by keeping the surrounding clean. 

Shahrukh Khalid* and Athar Mahboob**

A SURVEY ON AUTO-CONFIGURATION MECHANISMS FOR MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS (MANETS)
...ent networking software stacks and services are based on TCP/IP model which is IP address centric. All nodes which want to communicate must have unique IP addresses. Auto-configuration refers to assignment of unique IP addresses to the nodes of MANETs. Due to characteristics of MANETs, assignment of IP addresses to nodes is a non-trivial problem and renders itself as an open issue and potential problem for research. A large number of mechan...

 Usman Ali Naeem*, Hashim Nisar*, Habib-ur-Rehman** and Naeem Ejaz*

DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD DISCHARGE MODELS USING GIS
...ee diverse hydrologic contacts and risks. Indus River is considered as salvation of Pakistan and it is also the largest river of the country. The approximate length of the river is 3180 kilometers and its drainage area exceeds 1165000 km2. Having in view the worth of Indus River and its socio economic implication on Pakistan it was planned to carry out research work on upstream of Terbela from Kachura. The intended approaches of this work w...
Dibyendu Biswas1*, Shib Shankar Saha2, Shankar Biswas3 and Md. Abu Sayeed4
Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease of Cattle in South-West Part of Bangladesh and its Clinical Management
...transmitted by direct contact or through biological vectors such as mosquitoes, flies and ticks. Sporadic cases of LSD have been observed in cattle elsewhere. The aim of the present study was undertaken to evaluate the present scenario of LSD and its clinical management at different house-holds at south-west region of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was developed and data were collected from the two upazila (Monirampur and Abhaynagar) at Jessore distric...

Zakeer Ahmed Khan Abbasi* and Allah Nawaz 

...e is vulnerable to the cataclysmic transformations in the climate system; causing productivity loss, soil degradation, water scarcity, resource depletion etc. Climate change awareness empowers the farming communities to take appropriate measures to mitigate the negative consequences of this phenomenon but the responses are not necessarily identical in scale and forms . In developed countries, climate change awareness is much advanced therefore, their climate c...
Zubair Ahmad1, 2, 4, Hamed A. Ghramh1, 2, 3,Khalid Ali Khan1, 2, 3*, Farhat Khan4 and Shujauddin5
....) are unable to make contact with the aphids and even chased away on their mere appearance in the vicinity of aphid colony. The vague stimuli via the host in C. subnuda Mayr. causes a phenomenal warning to the other members for searching the invader.
...

Israr Yasin1, Ismail Qureshi1*, Shahjahn Qaimkhani1, Gulam Mustafa Solangi3, Ismail Qaimkhani1, Ismail Brohi1 and Abdul Ahad Soomro2

A Perspective on Household Dairy Farming in District Naushahro Feroze, Sindh, Pakistan
...ts reported that they contact veterinary doctors. Relatively more proportion (39.0%) of abortion was estimated for the households who used Oxytocin before milking of animals. Using chi-square statistic, the relationship between use of Oxytocin and abortion in large animals was found highly significant (p<0.01). On an average basis, 3.0% growth rate in livestock was estimated. The highest growth rate (5.0%) was recorded in buffaloes. Livestock contributed ab...

Shereen Zulfikar1, Zulfikar Ahmed Maher2, Attaullah Khan Pathan4, Imran Ali Rajput3*, Din Muhammad Soomro1, Muhammad Akbar Lashari1, Arsalan Memon3, Sibghatullah5 and Mir Zehri Khan5

Population Fluctuation and Weight Losses Caused by Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts on Different Wheat Varieties
... over the world. Their attack is not only limited to wheat grains but also reduces the various products made from it. The losses are defined as a measurable decrease of the food quantity and quality and can be avoided through proper control measures and selection of resistant varieties. During the present study, the different wheat varieties were screened against T. granarium. The initial weight of healthy grains of each variety was recorded properly. The loss...

Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi1*, Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele2 and Ibrahim Maharazu3

Profitability Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Soyabean (Glycine max) Value Chain among Actors in Abuja, Nigeria
...tion (P<0.01), and contact with extension agent (P <0.05). Problems or constraints facing marketers of soyabeans were: sales price instability, high cost of transportation, storage problems, lack of credit facilities, and bad road infrastructures. The retained components observed explained 93.24% of the variations in the component retained in the principal component model. The study recommends that marketers should develop new marketing strategies that w...
Hari Prasad Sharma1*, Shova Adhikari1, Yogesh Rai1, Rajkumar Sijapati1, Sapana Chand1, Manisha Karki1, Rubina Thapa Magar1, Ashik Husain1Khadka Bahadur Khatri1, Melina Karki1, Samiksha Badu1, Sushila Bajracharya1, Somika Pathak1, Rachana Shah2 and Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral2
...birds to avoid closer contact with the visitors OR raise a tinted glass partition between the Ostrich (both female and male) and the visitors through which only visitors could see the ostrich.
...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Obinna Oragwa Arthur2, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1, Sarah Joseph1, Geoffrey Chibueze1, Joshua Adetunji1, Joseph Ameh Okwori3, David Ochola Amanyi4, Otobo I. Ujah5 and Onyemocho Audu6

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection among Slaughtered Ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria
...) because of frequent contact with infected vectors, animal body fluids and other tissues. We aimed to determine the prevalence of antibodies against RVFV in slaughtered ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 100 livestock (cattle and goats) at selected slaughter locations in Jos Metropolis. Questionnaires were administered to obtain information on animal species, sex, and localities of origin. The blood samples were screen...
Muhammad Zahid Mengal1, Hamida Ali2, Raheela Asmat3, Muhammad Naeem1,4, Ferhat Abbas1, Abdul Samad1, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa1, Jannat Raza2 and Tauseef M. Asmat1*
...d TB patients had MDR contact and eight patients were co-infected with HIV. In conclusion, 5.1% of the TB patients showed rifampicin resistance. The most frequent rpoB genetic mutations were observed in codons 531/533 (Probe E, 78.3%) whereas the least within the sequence 511 (Probe A, 2.2%).
...

Md. Sahidur Rahman

Origin and Spillover of Coronaviruses: Prospects of One Health Action
...f alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus whereas, gamacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus originate in avian species. Domestic animals also play a critical role in disease transmission as they are found seropositive against different coronaviruses. At least seven coronaviruses are known to have been spilled over from animal to human. SARS-CoV-2 is the recent one that showed pneumonia-like syndrome named COVID-19. It was assumed t...
Gulzhan Aubakirova1*, Zhanat Adilbekov2, Assylkhan Inirbayev2, Assel Zhamanova2 and Aibar Akhmetov3
...ish-eating birds and crustaceans in this pond.
...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Olubumi Atolani2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji3
Toxicity Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on Pratylenchus spp. of Zea mays
... Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) against Pratylenchus spp. infecting Zea mays. The phytochemical basis of the plant was partly established using Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), proton and carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR and 13C NMR) Spectroscopy analysis. Effect of application of plant phytochemicals on the planted maize was also examined in terms of growth rate and survival of Pratylenchus spp. Th...

Muhammad Ramzan1, Muneer Abbas1*, Sohail Abbas2, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Aslam1, Javed Anwar Shah1, Muhammad Irshad1 and Mudassar Khaliq1

Incidence of Different Aphid Species on Various High Yielding Wheat Varieties
...re most prone to aphid attach having maximum aphid populations during 2017-19. Fakhr-e-Bhakkar-2017 depicted minimum average aphid susceptibility having population of 2.94, 2.58 and 3.08 per tiller during years 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively.

...

Muhammad Yaseen1*, Muhammad Luqman1*, Zahoor Hussain2, Usman Saleem3, Asif Nawaz1, Tahir Munir Butt4 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1

Assessment of Knowledge Level and Information Sources of Vegetable Growers regarding Tunnel Farming in District Sargodha
...vercome the increasing attack of insects, pests, and diseases in tunnel farming. Some areas were identified, which require the attention of responsible authorities for the relevant knowledge.

...
Kui Zhang1,2, Ping Geng1, Sher Khan Panhwar3, Khadim Hussain Memon4 and Zuozhi Chen1,2,*
Ayesha Talib1,2, Khanzadi Nazneen Manzoor1, Wajahat Ali1, Maria Saeed1, Muhammad Asif Gondal1, Malik Badshah3 and Abid Ali Khan1*
...ire need to devise novel tactics to deal with these minute yet evolving ever clever microscopic entities. One of the possible ways to fight them is through nanoparticles. Green synthesis is an easy way to synthesize nanoparticles by using biological resources as it is cost effective, eco-friendly and large-scale production possibilities exist. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have been synthesized from the aqueous fruit extracts of Ficus sycomorus and their...
Mushtaq Ahamd Khan1, Ziaul Islam2, *, Amin Ullah Jan3, Kamran Khan2 and Abdullah Shah3
...education, pregnancy, contact with cat and soil are the major risk factor of T. gondii infection.
...
Abdul Majid Khan1,*, Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad2, Ayesha Iqbal1, Hafiza Imrana Naz1, Amtur Rafeh1 and Muhammad Ameen1
...The inclination of the metaconal area has caused rotation of the metastyle in relation to the antero-posterior tooth axis and thus situated more lingually. The protocone in second upper premolar is well developed and situated posteriorly and also has an anterior lingual constriction. The metaconule in the third upper molar is smaller than the protocone. The dentition in Eotragus noyei is smaller in size as comp...

Ahmed Weli Hussein Osman1,2, Rakibul Islam1, Md. Bazlar Rashid1, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2,3* and Pravin Mishra4

Nanoparticle Tactics for the Oral Delivery of Insulin in Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycemia in Rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) Model
...to evaluate nanoparticle tactics for the oral delivery of insulin in the alloxan-induced hyperglycemia in rat model. Twenty male rats of age four months were randomly allocated into four different groups (T0, T1, T2, and T3). After acclimatization diabetes was induced in three groups of rats (T1; positive control, T2: insulin only insulin, and T3; insulin with nano particles) by administered alloxan injection at dose of 120mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. ...

Muhammad Shahzad Akbar, Farrukh Sajjad, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Asam Riaz and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*

Field Evaluation of Promising Botanical Extracts, Plant Essential Oils and Differential Chemistry Insecticides against Subterranean Termites Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Termitidae)
... (Odontotermes obesus) attacking sugarcane crop. Setts of sugarcane variety HSF555 were sown on the ridges under RCB design after treating them with 20% botanical extracts, 2.0% essential oils and differential-chemistry insecticides with their field recommended dose rates. Results revealed that as compared to control plots, all treatment plots exhibited reduced bud and shoot damage with maximum bud germination and minimum termite infestation. Maximum bud germi...
Muhammad Faisal Ayoob1,2, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Mansoor Ayoob4, Waseem Ali Vistro3 and Abdul Sattar Baloch3*
...Q3 and M3were kept in contact exposure with VVND virus infected chickens. Clinical signs were observed in Japanese quails and mynas on 4th day post-inoculation. The major clinical signs were green yellowish diarrhea, ruffled feathers, anorexia and torticollis in all groups except Q3. The mean clinical scores and mean death time (days) were statistically non-significant (P>0.05) among all the groups. Higher mortality rate (75%) was recorded in myn...

Mehar Ul Nissa Rais1*, Tahmina Mangan1, Jam Ghulam Murtaza Sahito1 and Naeem Ahmed Qureshi2

A Trend Analysis: Forecasting Growth Performance of Production and Export of Chilli in Pakistan
...major floods, diseases attack, poor management practices and shortage of high yielding varieties. Sindh is major producer of chilli with 85 percent contribution in chilli production of Pakistan. Sindh and Balochistan provinces depicted a positive growth of 0.016 percent and 0.035 percent, respectively. Growth performance of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces portrayed negative growth rate -0.044 percent and -0.006 percent, respectively. Forecasting model ...

Rahat Afza, Muhammad Asam Riaz*, Muhammad Afzal and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed

Adverse Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Insecticides on the Biological Parameters and Functional Response of Predatory Beetle Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of Brassica Aphid
... decreased the maximum attack rate relative to control. Thiamethoxam, lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin were considered relatively safe for the larval coccinellids and hence are recommended for aphid control.

...
Eslam Moradi-Asl1*, Behnam Mohammadi Ghalehbin2, Kamran Akbarzadeh3, Jafar Mohammad-Shahi4, Hajar Afshin4
...al areas where animal contact is common. Wound myiasis occurs when fly larvae infect open wounds. We describe an old male with wound myiasis by agent of Lucilia cuprina, who had a history of diabetes and also blind that reefed to hospital in 13 September and was admitted to date 18 September 2019.Larvea extracted manually from thumb finger of left foot and sent to Medical Entomology Laboratory of the School of Public Health, Ardabil University of medica...
Luka Anthony*, Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi, Elizabeth Samuel Ebukiba and Vandi Gamba
...ieves, cattle herdsmen attack, flood occurrence, transportation problem, poor storage facility, inadequate capital, lack of land/ tractor, poor price, high cost of chemical, inadequate fertilizer, lack of improved seed, inadequate extension officers, and lack of credit facilities. This study recommends that new innovations and technology that targets increased productivity should be promoted, provision of adequate extension officers is needed, input market sup...
Keke Liu, Yuanhao Ying, Yuxin Xiao, Jing Yan, Mengzhen Zhang and Yonghong Xiao*
...all;">A new species, Otacilia dadongshanica Liu, sp. nov. (♂♀) is firstly described from Jiangxi Province, China. The new species is diagnosed and illustrated with photographs. A distribution map is also given.
...
Umair Faheem1*, Qaisar Abbas1, Saghir Ahmad2, Ghayour Ahmad2, Abdul Karim2and Mussurat Hussain1
...rsquo;s economy. It is attacked by several sap sucking and chewing insect pests during its growth, which results in the significant reduction of the cotton yield. Among these insect pests, Amrasca biguttula biguttula ‘Jassid’ are the most destructive ones. Beside these insect pests, environmental factors also affect the cotton production as well as population fluctuations of insect pests. The current study was designed to measure the impact ...
Abdul Hafeez1*, Akhtar Nawaz Khan2 and Zahid Ullah3
...the decision-makers and stack holders for early disease detection.
...
Wenyou Huang1, Dan Yü1, Song Huang1,2, Jian Xiao2, Ping Qi2, Anhua Song2* and Zhen Huang1*
...e seen in the mutant. Contact insect toxicity of cell-free culture supernatants and the EthOAc extracts derived from the MlUV-40b mutant were 1.2-3 times more potent than that of the wild type. A simple approach coupling mutagenesis and growth & second metabolites were used to isolate strains with increased stress resistance and virulence. Increased virulence in some of the mutants correlated with increased insecticidal activity in cell-free extracts that ...
Laura Alejandra Arriola-Mosqueda1, Yadira Jiménez-Lara2, Eugenia del Carmen Prieto-Avella1, Carlos Ricardo Cruz-Vazquez3, Roberto Montesinos-Matias4, Mauricio Valencia-Posadas2, Ana Martha Cruz-Avalos5, Jaime Molina-Ochoa6,7 and César Andrés Angel-Sahagún2,*
Ammara Gull-e-Fareen1,2, Imran Bodlah1,*, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah3, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Habib Ali4 and Muhammad Asif5
... of Callaspidia attack the larvae of order Diptera and Coleoptera. Callaspidia notata (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1832) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Aspicerinae) is reported with colour variations like scape, pedicel and basal part of antennal segment 3 slightly darker than remaining segments, scutellum and mesopleura mostly dark reddish with some darker areas, legs also reddish brown except tarsal segments lighter in colouration. Suspected trophic associ...
Saba Shabeer1, Riffat Tahira2 and Atif Jamal3*
 
...pathogenic species can attack plants at different stages causing considerable damage amounting to millions of rupees. One of the plant pathogenic fungi is Fusarium spp. Fusarium species are very well-known soil-inhabiting fungi that cause many economically important diseases of crops.Many species are included in the Fusarium genus, which are not only pathogenic to plants but also cause different diseases in humans and livestock.A...
Ahmad Abrar Khan* and Muhammad Idrees
...aded borer insect/pest attacks were reported on the apricot crop. Besides scab, brown rot and shot hole were reported by more than 60%, apricot growers.Regarding dormant practices, 65.2% apricot growers pruned their trees, 67.4% applied winter oil and 69.7% Bordeaux mixture while unfortunately,60.6% of the respondents were not doing hoeing practice. The Regression analysis results reported application of chemical fertilizers, FYM, irrigation in drought periods...
Tariq Ali Mastoi1, Zulfiqar Ali Mastoi2*, Zahoor Ahmed Khetran3, Ghulam Hussain Alizai2, Binish Baig4, Mitha Khan2 and Syed Jahangir Shah1
 
 
...bility, education and obstacles of the respondents for obtaining micro finance loan from Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL). Out of selected districts; ten respondents were chosen randomly who obtained micro finance loans. The information of the selected districts and respondents was obtained (ZTBL). Thus, the respondents were interviewed personally and necessary data were collected through structured questionnaire. The research revealed that majority of the ...
Hazrat Ali1, 2* and Ezzat Khan1*
...e carnivorous fish Mastacembelus armatus at different sites of three rivers in Malakand Division, Pakistan. The study also investigated tissue-specific accumulation of these metals in M. armatus at one site of River Panjkora. Concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb in the fish muscles ranged from 10.2 ± 3.5 to 29.8 ± 17.3, 24.7 ± 13.1 to 104.5 ± 27.1, 0.77 ± 0.17 to 2.4 ± 0.12 and 7.5 ± 5.3 to 75.2 &pl...
Hafiz Tassawar Abbas1*, Tamoor Khan1, Ghulam Khaliq2, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3, Muhammad Rashid4, Intazar Ali5, Muhammad Abuzar Jaffar2, Ghulam Ali Bugti6 and Muhammad Waseem4
 

.... A number of diseases attack chickpea crop but wilt disease is the principle one. In mineral contents i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, zinc, iron and copper were decreased in chickpea plants affected with wilt disease. Leaves of three resistant and susceptible (un-inoculated and inoculated) chickpea lines/varieties were tested to find out their ionic status (
Muhammad Moosa Abro1*, Nadir Ali Birmani2 and Muhammad Bachal Bhutto3
...freshwater fishes, Mastacembelus armatus and Oreochromis niloticus collected from the Indus river of Sindh Pakistan, revealed presence of subgenus Spirocamallanus of genus Procamallanus. The subgenus was characterized by the presence of spiral thickening in buccal capsule. The prevalence of subgenus was higher in Mastacembelus armatus (33.33%) than Oreochromis niloticus (7.69%). Ther...

Saad A. Moussa1, Ahmed F. Afify1*, Suzan Salah2 and Ayman Hamed3

...ar characterization of betacoronavirus 1 (bovine coronavirus) BCoV in newborn gastroenteritis calves in the Delta Region, Menofia Province, Egypt, also for isolation and identification of the local circulating BCoV strain for further diagnosis or vaccination. In cattle, Betacoronavirus 1 bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is primarily involved in enteric infections which leads to serious complication which may be fatal in young calve...

Faheem Aslam1,*, Aneel Salman2, Inayatullah Jan3 and Sarah Siddiq Aneel4

...mental, the issue is not tackled at length in the document. Pakistan’s policy, on the other hand, is more multi-sectoral in terms of focus on irrigation, agriculture, climate change, research and development, inland navigation and the importance of the Indus River. Pakistan’s water policy does, however, fall short in terms of lack of attention given to water sensitive urban designs, risk management against natural hazards and mapping of water-secto...
Saima Siddiqui1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed 1Abdul Sattar Buriro2, Sohail Ahmad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4 and Muhammad Asam Riaz4*

 

...ops of Pakistan and is attacked by many chewing and sucking pest. Chemical insecticides are used abundantly to suppress the pest population. The use of host-plant resistance is an alternative tool to control cotton insect-pests. The current research was aimed to identify the cotton physio-morphological marker to manage pressure of sucking pests such as jassid (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla Ishida), thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) and whitefly (Bemi...

Syed Mazuan, Syed Mohamed, Insyirah Ishak, Dzolkhifli Omar and Norhayu Asib*

...f chlorantraniliprole (Altacor® 34.9WG), Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (DiPel® ES), cypermethrin (Hextar Cyper 5.5EC), flubendiamide (Takumi® 20WG) and B. thuringiensis MPOB Bt-1 (Ecobac-1 EC). The insecticides application rate was based on the manufacturer’s recommendation. The bagworms were monitored before treatment and at 3, 7, 15, 30, 45, and 70 days after treatment (DAT). Post-census showed that all insecticides were able to reduce th...
Saba Afzal1, Sohail Raza1,*, Masood Rabbani1, Sehrish Firyal2, Imran Altaf1 and Zahra Naeem1
...posure after the viral attachment and entry steps able to reduce virus titre more as compare to viral attachment and entry steps that predicts the possible mechanism of the drug. Therefore, our study first time demonstrated the antiviral potential of ivermectin against PPRV in vitro and its future potential for its use as anti-PPRV therapeutics.
...
Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Usman Ali2, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Bushra Nisar Khan1, Waqar Ahmed1, Zakir Hussain1, Mian Amman Ullah1Nimra Afzal1 and Anjum Ara2
...localities. Most (66%) attacks were observed in summer season; the preferred (32%) attack timing was the morning time. Three retaliatory killings were reported, 2 at Kalyal and one at Sorakhi locality. Habitat degradation by clearing forests for fuel wood, grazing, agricultural purposes, use of insecticides and retaliatory killing are major threats to the survival of mongoose in the study area. These factors could be control...

Muhamamd Rizwan1*, Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Kashif3, Aneela Zameer Durrani4, Asghar Abbas5, Tanveer Ahmad6, Muhammad Nadeem7 , Kinza Khan8

... also help bacteria to attach with the host body and replicate with in host body. It can develop antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, enhance their pathogenicity and can survival in host body. 
 
Novelty Statement | CRISPR Cas system is an integral part of prokaryotic immune system that provides protection against viral infection and involved in genome editing, bacterial virulence and anti...

Mohammad Tariq Aziz* and Ayesha Khan

...ternet facility, less contact with extension workers and load shedding of electricity. Farmers considered that information obtained through ICTs are moderately sufficient and effective. Significant association existed of age and educational level with major problems faced whereas highly significant relationship was found for age and farming experience with application of information obtained while non-significant association existed with educational level. The...

Chala Hailu Hussen and Fikiru Temesgen Geleta

...requency of extension contact positively affecting participation decision; however, obtaining training had a negative effect. Generally, farm household’s internal factors and external factors affecting cluster crop production. Therefore, intensive support for program implementation can be expected from the government by augmentation of stakeholder coordination to aspire to agribusiness growth.

...

Md. Mukthar Mia1 and Mahamudul Hasan2

...er, spreading through contact interactions, environmental pollutants, and the host reservoir, like a stray dog, could be feasible. Distressingly, such a pathogen is currently endemic in Asian nations, including India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and China. Thus, the literature review encompassed comprehensive knowledge concerning contemporary disease occurrence with causes and transmission imperative for management practice. Besides, the study converged on afresh ad...

Abdul Hameed1*, Ihtsham Ul Haq Padda1 and Abdul Salam2

...ventions and programs to tackle food and nutrition insecurity and achieving zero hunger.

...
Muhammad Ramzan1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah2, Muhammad Umair Sial2, Naeem Iqbal2 and Shafqat Saeed2
... bugs and caterpillars attack on these plants. Among them, leaf eating caterpillar, Trilocha varians (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is serious insect pest for these precious plant species in various countries. The larvae of the pest can cause 80-100% defoliation. The various confirmed host of T. varians include Ficus benjamina, F. religiosa, F. benghalensis, F. caraica, F. infectoria, F. elastica, F. nitida, Artocarpus communis, A. heterpphyllus and A. kamansi. Fai...

Ain-ul-Abad Syed1*, Zaheer Ahmed Khan1, Shakeel Hussain Chattha1, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh2, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio3, Shahzad Hussain Dahri2 and Ghous Bakhsh Buriro4

...ovid-19 and the locust attack.

...

Walaa ,S. Shabanaa;Bakr, A. Abdallaa; Eman, M. ELShalamia; I.M. Redab; M. A. Shalabyb

...s as enzootic form and attacks susceptible animals causing high losses in milk
and meat production. Rift valley fever virus causes serious and fatal disease in animals and man. It
produces high abortion rate among pregnant ewes and cows, causes heavy mortalities in young
lambs and calves. In the present study the Montanide ISA 50 oil adjuvanted combined FMD/RVF
vaccine was tested in sheep and compares it with sin...
Ala’audin Hakami,1AusamaA Yousif,2* Mohamed Zaki,3 Mahmoud Ismail,4,5 Ahmed Al-Ali,5 Abdu-Rahman Al-Ankari5 
...cal presentations of psittacine beak and feather disease virus
(PBFDV) in Saudi Arabia are increasingly reported without laboratory
diagnostic evidence of virus circulation. The objectives of this study were
to investigate the presence of PBFDV in the Arabian Peninsula, and to
identify its possible molecular origins. Total DNA was extracted from
feather and blood samples from randomly selected 19 clin...

Serag eldeen Sultana, M.W Abdel azeemb, Nahla Mohamed Eldamranyc

...to human and other in contact wild and domestic birds.

...

Nelson D. Zambrano1, Wilber Arteaga1, José Velasquez2 and Dorys T. Chirinos1*

...extile industry and is attacked by different insect pests, therefore it is produced with frequent pesticide applications. Research was conducted to evaluate the effect of lambda cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam on the incidence of insect pests and its associated natural enemies. Results revealed that populations of B. tabaci were higher in plots treated with lambda cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam associated with low levels of parasitism. Further, A. gossypii were high an...
Amro A. Farrag1; Ahmed K. El-Attar1; Om-Hashem M. El-Banna2; Ibrahim A. I.2; H.
M. Mazyad1
...aceae, Solanaeae, Cucurbitaceae,
Leguminoceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Malvaceae using viruliferous whitefly (Bemisia
tabaci). Results revealed that SLCV could be transmitted to 16 out of 22 species and
positively back inoculated to beans from these hosts. Nucleotide sequencing of the
complete genome of the virus was as follow, DNA-A (2667 bp) and DNA-B (2621 bp).
The obtained sequences were submitted int...

Ramy A. Qabel1; Tarek F. El-Arabi2; Adel A. Shoukry1; Hassan H. Elsebaay1; Abdel-Aziz F. El-Hamahmy1

...hage (V) group had the attachment and latent period after 30 min and burst size of 28. On the other hand, rhizobiophages (L) group had the attachment and latent period after 20 min and burst size of 9. The Group L even though they had low adsorption capacity of 59.4% after 30 min while group V was 91.6% after 30 min, they had higher adsorption velocity at 1.06×10-10 and 9.99×10-11 after 10 and 20 min while it was...

Salama M. El-Saghir1, 2

...o or three fruits were attached
together), and tree death were observed.
Objective: The objective of this study is to characterize the nature of this disease complex through
examining the incidence of PNRSV and phytoplasma in these trees.
Methods: The incidence of PNRSV in the peach trees understudy was confirmed with DAS-ELISA
using an authentic antiserum for PNRSV. The incidence of phytoplasma as a ...

Maha A. El-Abhar1, Moustafa A. Elkady1, Khaled M. Ghanem2, Hussieny A. Bosila3

...on bodies seemed to be attached to the nucleus
from one or two sites, while those inclusions have never been observed in the epidermal stripes of
healthy leaves. Electron microscopy, revealed cytological and histological changes induced by Alfalfa
mosaic virus infection in potato leaves
Conclusion: In this work, Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) characterized and ultrastructure aspected of
infecting potato (...
Asma Kaouachi1, Mohcen Menaa1*, Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah2 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi1
...its of mastic tree Pistacia lentiscus and cork oak Quercus suber were consumed. Spring was characterized by the consumption of fruits of olives Olea europea and Aleppo pine Pinus halepensis. The direct field observations permitted to note that the summer diet was dominated by the cereals.
...
Sahar Mubashar*, Tariq Mukhtar and Nasir Ahmad Khan
...evere cases. The virus attacks throat, lungs and trachea converting them to virus factories to infect more cells. It attacks not only lungs but also other vital organs of the body like kidneys and heart. It is spread from human to human through respiratory droplets or direct contact. Moreover, there have been reports of the mixed infection of coronavirus with other bacteria, fungi and viru...
Wen-Feng Li, Rong-Yue Zhang, Jiong Yin, Hong-Li Shan, Xiao-Yan Cang, Zhi-Ming Luo, Xiao-Yan Wang, Jie Li and Ying-Kun Huang*
... and Argyroploce schistaceana (Snellen). The results showed that new sex pheromone trap of sugarcane borers in combination with Abamectin•Bacillus thuringiensis or Tebufenozide were the optimum mode for environmentally friendly control techniques of Sesamia inferens Walker and Argyroploce schistaceana (Snellen). The use of new sex pheromone traps of sugarcane borers (6 a/ha) + 0.05% Abamectin...
Ahmed A. ElWakil1, Ausama A. Yousif2 , Adel A. Fayed3, Ibrahim M. elsabagh2, Mahmoud
El Gamal2, Omnia H. Refaei3
...cattle in
contact with the diseased cattle, and one healthy animal located in a previously infected zone. LSDVspecific
PCR was used to detect LSDV in sampled ticks. PCR-positive tick samples were subject to a
modified RT-PCR assay to detect the polyadenylated LSDV DNA polymerase mRNA. Metagenomics
analysis using MinIon technology was used to generate LSDV sequences and to investigate relative
abundanc...
Karim M. Selim1, Abdullah A. Selim1, abdelsattar Arafa1, Hussein A. Hussein2, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2
...s used for challenge. Contact
chicks were added in both groups post challenge.
Results: indicated that both programs can protect birds from mortalities (up to 100 %). The
parameters used in this evaluation are the antibody immune response using hemagglutination
inhibition (HI) assay, protection post challenge, virus shedding and transmission in contact
non vaccinate...

Md. Abdullah Al Mamun1,2*, Shamima Nasren1,3, Sanjay Singh Rathore1 and Kavalagiriyanahalli Srinivasiah Ramesh1

...ith fish louse, firmly attached to the skin, fins, head, and operculum. Based on the morphology of the specimens, the parasites were identified as Argulus japonicus. Moribund fishes were examined and up to 350±50 lice were hand-picked from a single fish. Microscopic examinations of A. japonicus revealed that most of these were at juvenile stages. Infested fish were transferred to the glass aquaria (60 L) and treated with 4 treatments for 15 days: I) Pot...
Song Jiang1,2,3, Ming-ge Zhuang1,2,3, Fa-lin Zhou1,2, Qi-bin Yang1, Jian-hua Huang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1*
...g susceptible to virus attacks or carrying the virus to parent shrimps, bring a huge bio-security risk to shrimp breeding. This study was carried out to determine the feasibility of Pheretima tschiliensis as a replacement of traditional bait to accelerate the maturity of parent shrimps of Penaeus monodon, which was verified by the dynamics of vitellogenin gene expression in hepatopancreas and ovary of P. monodon. The parent shrimps fed on ...

Sana Javeid* and Khalid Nawab

.... However, 27.2% were contacted by holding group meetings and 25% through home/farm visits. Likewise, 49.5% from non-poor category were empowered in the course of community empowerment and 66.8% attended trainings arranged by extension agents. In addition, out of all poor categories least number of growers (4.9%) were found extremely poor and 10.5% in the transitory non-poor category. The association of extension services, visits paid by the extension agents, ...
Tanmoy Mandal1 and Sunil Kr. Ghosh2*
...comes difficult due to attack of large number of insect-pests on som plant. Leaf miner(Phytomyza spp.)(Diptera: Agromyzidae) is a major pest and very harmful to som plant leaves. From observation it is found that leaf miner was found active throughout the year on som plant leaves. Higher population level was maintained during 27th standard week to 34th standard week that is during 1st week of July to last week of ...

Khaliq Dad1, Muhammad Nawaz2*, Muhamamd Ibrahim3, Fengliang Zhao4, Rumsha Hassan2, Humaira Nawaz5, Muhammad Usman Saleem6, Kinat Javed2, Ayesha Komal2 and Hajra Naz2

...cigarette) and dermal contact which then produces heart disease, kidney failure, lung cancer, orthopedic disease, nervous system failure, low immunity level, mental retardation and growth retardation. Different environmental friendly and low cost biological remedies are used nowadays to control Cd toxicity such as phytoremediation phytostabilisation, rhizofilteration, phytoextraction. This review paper has summarized the impact of Cd on soil, plants and humans...
Rosidah Rosidah1*, Angga Nugraha1, Yuli Andriani1, Kiki Haetami1, Olga Anne2 and Agus Heri Purnomo3
...ve;de, 1803)] which is attacked by Aeromonas hydrophila (Chester, 1901). The method used was the experimental method using a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications was applied. The treatment used was immersion with A. vera extract with a concentration of treatment A 

Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Pervaiz Khan2 and Fozia Gull3

...of Tephritidae family, attacking on several fruits. The Bactrocera dorsalis is one of the complex fruit flies of this diver’s genius, hunting on very delicious fruits such as mango. The purpose of this study is to observe the relationship among the environmental and host effects on the outbreak of this crucial pest. The research work was conducted in two gardens (50 hectors) of mango fields of Mirpur Khas, known as mango land of Sindh during (2014-2015) ...
Jun-Dong Tian1,2, Wei-Jie Guo1,2, Han Yan1, Jie Zhang1, Shu-Liao Tian3 and Ji-Qi Lu1,2,*
...teobacteria and Spirochaetace accounting for over 86 % of the richness of whole microbiota, ii) Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Spirochaetaceae were together taken over 60% at family level, iii) Prevotella was the dominant genus, iv) the community richness at OTU and family levels and both community evenness and community diversity at OTU level of the AM group were significantly higher than that ...

Thomby Paul, Sreekanta Biswas, Sabiha Zarin Tasnim Bristi, Debashish Sarker, Saroj Kumar Yadav and Bhajan Chandra Das*

...justify;">A 5-year-old intact male German Shepherd dog, weighing 26 kg, with a poor body condition score (2/5) was presented at SAQ Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh. The primary complaint of the owner was non-weight bearing lameness of the right forelimb of the dog due to accidental trauma. Physical examination revealed the dog was active and alert but non-weight-bearing posture of right forelimb. O...
Ikechukwu Eugene Onah*, Ifeoma Esther Aniaku, Jude Ifeanyi Okwor and Ada Sylvester Haruna
...anagement of crow-man contact to safeguard the public health of rural and urban dwellers in the study area.
...

Muhammad Usman Hanif, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Irfan Ullah

...damage to various cucurbitaceous and solanaceous vegetables. This laboratory work was aimed to determine the comparative toxicity of three differential-chemistry insecticides (i.e. emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC, spinosad 240 EC and lufenuron 50 EC) and the aqueous extracts of three local plant species (i.e. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn., Citrus limon L. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss) against the grubs and adults of E. vigintioctopunctata. Three concentrations of...

Yaregal Tilahun1*, Benyam Tadesse1, Getachew Mekonnen2  and Tilahun Bekele3

...eraction of extension contact, distance to district market, harvesting time, training, and participation to off/non-farm income. So, improving the skill and knowledge of farmers through increasing extension service and training, on-time delivery of farm inputs, create market linkage, and improved tea nursery management were some of the suggestions made to alleviate the study areas’ tea production and marketing difficulties.

...

Arshad Farooq1, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Asif Nawaz3*, Iltaf Ullah4 and Hidayatullah5

... extension department contact, and farm services centers membership had positive and substantial effect on knowledge level of farmers. Lack of improved knowledge, lack of financial power, irrigation problems and high cost of inputs were the most important problems faced by the farmers. Agricultural departments need to develop and disseminate climate smart recommended agricultural production technologies. The government and private organizations should arrange ...
Ali Ikhwan1*, Dian Indratmi1, Faridlotul Hasanah1, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum2,3 and Irum Iqrar4,5
...One disease that often attacks chili (Capsicum L.) is anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici [(Syd.) E.J. Butler & Bisby]. In the field, C. capsici is controlled with a chemical fungicide that harms the environment. The purple Cleome plant (Spider plant – Cleome rutidosperma Linn.) can be extracted and function as an organic fungicide for environment-friendly control. This research aimed to examine the type and conce...

Keqiang Wei1*, Yue Wei2 and Changxia Song1

...ext-align: justify;">Crustaceans rely completely on their innate immune system comprised of various cells, molecules and signaling pathways to survive. Although signaling pathways such as MAPK, NF-κB and Nrf2 have been extensively studied in vertebrates, our current understanding of them in crustaceans is still in the infancy. Studies have found that three members, i.e. p38, RelA (p65) and Nrf2 are evolutionarily conse...

Irshad Ahmad1,2*

...s a devastating insect attacking palm trees. It is very difficult to control as its entire lifecycle is hidden inside the host trunk. To overcome this pest, integrated pest management program (IPM) strategy can be adopted that includes visual inspection, behavior management through pheromones, sanitation of the crop and field, removal of the infested frond and offshoot, eradicating the concealed breeding sites of the pest. IPM also include cultural techniques ...

Oce Astuti1, La Sara2*, Muzuni3 and Safilu4

...and temporal decapod crustacean (DC) catch composition (CC) and its sex ratio (SR) taken from Tiworo strait were studied. Monthly samples from different habitat characteristics of intertidal zone (station A), river mouth (station B), sea grass (station C), and water depth of > 30 m (station D) using collapsible crab pots and gillnets were recorded, identified its species, sexed, counted its number, and analyzed its spatial and temporal CC and SR. The Chi-sq...
Furqan Awan1,2, Sadia Nawaz3, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3,*, Asia Iqbal4, Raheela Akhtar5, Sehrish Firyal3, Haleema Sadia6, Arshad Javid4, Muhammad Rashid7, Muhammad Sulman Ali Taseer8 and Zhenling Zeng1
..., of which 47.92% were intact males and 52.08% were intact females with the mean age of 3.98 years. Moreover, further 96 controls were selected from the same clinical practices with same parameters. Among the dogs meant for different purposes, guarding purpose dogs were found more affected (n=59). While among the dog breeds, Labrador were over-represented (n=26) followed by mongrel dogs (bully, n=23). In winter season, highe...

Zhang Dong-jie1, He Xin-miao1,2, Wang Wen-tao1,2 and Liu Di1,2*

...imide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) interactions in the vesicular transport pathway were identified as under selection (P=0.0029). This study describes the genomic framework of the Min pig and identifies signatures of selection. These results provide a useful genomic background for further studies of the genetic mechanisms associated with important economic traits in the Min pig.

...

Maid Zaman1*, Imtiaz Ali Khan1, Amjad Usman1 and Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi2

...rcent host and habitat attacked for district Swabi, Buner and Haripur is unreported. After collection (either on spot or through NIFA-Termaps) and identification, all districts had equal species number (05) but different type of species from the genera Heterotermes (02), Odontotermes (04) and Angulitermes (01). Genus Odontoteremes is more strengthened (57%) in number of species followed by genus Heterotermes (29%) and genus Angulitermes (14%). In district Bune...

Ndumiso Malusi1, Andrew Bamidele Falowo2, Yiseyon Sunday Hosu3,4, Emrobowansan Monday Idamokoro3,4* 

...er vital stakeholders to tackle the prevailing challenges faced by cattle farmers. This can be achieved by adopting workable initiatives that will promote best farming practices in rural communities with the view of utilizing locally adapted cattle breeds to boost cattle production.

Keywords | Cattle farming, Local farmers, Prevailing challenges, Production initiatives, Commercialization  

...
Ghada Mohamed Safwat1*, Mohamed Ahmed Kandiel1, Omayma A.R. Abozaid2, Mahmoud Mohamed Arafa3, Sahar Omar Mohamed4
Mohamed Ali Zayed
...ng fresh water showing intact muscle fibers, however the lambs that drinking saline water showing relative atrophy of muscle fibers. While LD muscle of lambs which drinking fresh water showing normal muscle fibers shape, but muscle of lambs that drinking saline water showing relative hypertrophy of muscle fibers. A micrograph of a section TB muscle of lambs drinking fresh water showing normal muscle fibers structure while, the lambs that drinking...

Mohamed Saeed M. Hassan¹, Hitham Abdel-Saeed1*, Kawkab Abd El Aziz Ahmed2, Ossama Mohamed Abdou1 

...e pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, tachypnea and low performance. Haematological parameters included haemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocytic count (TEC) and haematocrit (HCT) revealed significant (P≤0.001) decrease in all diseased sub-groups compared with apparently healthy group. Serum biochemical parameters showed significant increase in alanine amino transferase (ALT) level in sub-groups 1and 4 (P≤0.001), sub-group ...

Magdy M. Fahmy1, Nisreen E. Mahmoud 1*, Mohamed R. Mousa2, Manal M. Zaki3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mai Abuowarda1 

...oparasite species (4 Crustaceans, 4Monogeneans and2 Protozoans) of which the crustaceans recorded the highest prevalence (63.67%). In the present study, Manzala Lake and its corresponding fish farms considered new localities for the detected crustacean and monogenean species. Significant positive correlations between the prevalence of parasitic infestation and water quality parameters were...

Nazakat Nawaz1, Nasir Mahmood Cheema2*, Malik Muhammad Yousaf3, Muhammad Jahanzaib1, Mubashir Ahmad Khan1 and Muhammad Munir4

...ly resistant to fungal attack. At the same time, it is 10 to 15 days earlier than check varieties i.e. BARD-479 and Golden. PG-1090 has been approved by concerned authorities as a new variety with the name NARC-2019 for cultivation in rain-fed as well as irrigated areas of Pakistan.

...

Adriana Cervantes-Noriega1, Norma A. López2, Alfredo Estrada-Angulo2, Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez2, Elizama Ponce-Barraza2, Gilberto López-Valencia1, Alberto Barreras1, Alejandro Plascencia3* 

... × Katahdin male intact lambs (33.22±4.02 kg) were used in order to evaluate the effect of filtering-sanitization of water offered as drink water on growth performance, dietary energetics, carcass traits, and diarrhea frequency in finishing lambs. Lambs were fed with a cracked corn-based high-energy diet during 89-d. Treatment consisted in filtering and sanitization of raw dam water qualified as “clean and safe” comparing it as follows...

Seok-Jun Son1,3, Sung-Kyung Lee1, Jung-Woo Oh1, In-Kyu Kim2, Dal-Ho Kim2, Bo-Ra Hyun1 and Jung-Hoon Kang1,*

... tracking devices were attached to two juvenile Chinese egrets from an uninhabited island in the Chilsan Archipelago off the west coast of the Korean Peninsula. GPS tracking was used to identify their autumn migration route and their home range and habitat type in breeding (post-fledging/pre-migration stages) and wintering sites (post-migration stage). The two egrets crossed the East China Sea to Taiwan. The signal for one bird was lost, whereas the other rest...

Muhammad Altaf1* Arshad Mahmood Abbasi2, Muhammad Shoaib Amjad3, Sadia Naseer1 and Muhammad Umair4

...era: Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus. Betacoronavirus most probably originated from bats and the virus may have jumped to avian species and evolved as Deltacoronavirus group. The avian coronaviruses jumped among other avian species, giving rise to Gammacoronavirus from Deltacoro...

Djadouni Fatima* and Meliani Amina

... of their spreads are contact, vectors, air, water, feeds, wastes, and pollution. Environmental conditions play an important role in increasing the spread of disease, which is often found in humid and warm seasons compared to temperate zones and Saharan zones. So through this review article, we try to show the different ancient and modern methods of treating these diseases and to share them with other societies.

...

Haipeng Liu1, Xubin Jiao1, Xiangqing Li1 and Xinru Xu2*

...f another 10 rats were detached but not removed as a sham-operated group. After 12 weeks of continuous administration in each group of rats, the results showed that calcitriol increased the BMD values, reduced the levels of bone formation indicators ALP, BALP, UcOC and PINP, increased the levels of bone resorption indicators TRAP5a, TRAP5b and NTX, reduced CTX levels, and increased mRNA expression levels of Bglap and Runx2 in osteoporotic rats. In conclusion, ...

Nahla Hamada Magd Khalil1*, Ihab Mahmoud Helal2, El-Desoky Hassan Ibrahim Dorrah1, Soad Ahmed Soliman Ismail3 

...), Alderin, Dieldrin, Heptachlor, Heptachlor epoxide, Alpha hexachlorocyclohexanes (αHCH), Gamma hexachlorocyclohexanes (γHCH), Endosulfan and Gamma chlordane (γ-chlordane) in the examined fish species at different concentrations. Mullet fish samples had significantly (P < 0.05) the highest concentrations of alderin, dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide with mean ± S...

Ibrahim Samir Abd El-Hamid1*, Wafaa Adel Abd Fouda1, Hesham Attia Shedeed1, Safaa Ali Mostafa1, Ahmed Mohamed Elbaz2, Salah Abo Bakr2, Baliegh Hamdy Mosa1, Ali Saber Morsy1, Amal Mohamed Hasan1, Khamis Refaay Emam3 

Muhammad Asif1*, Ahmad Ali Shahid1,2 and Nasir Ahmad3

...source to minimize the attack of pathogen. Tomato leaves infected with early blight symptoms were collected from Lahore. Pathogen was isolated on PDA and its morphological characters were studied. All the characters used for identification of pathogen confirmed the culture as Alterneria solani. Ganoderma lucidum was collected from University of the Punjab, Lahore associated with dead oaks of Dalbergia sisso. Macro and microscopic identification was performed t...

Jiang Wu*

...he cell surface looked intact and shiny. On the contrary, when the cells were treated with increased concentration of chemical constituents of T. officinale, the cells exhibited irregular morphology, aggregated and showed extensive surface collapse, thereby increasing the rate and extent of cell damage. After treatment, in the presence of chemical constituents of T. officinale, the intracellular ATP concentration was significantly reduced in the treated Staph....

Rashid Al Zeidi1, Haitham Al Masruri2, Aiman Al Mufarji3*, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3 

...fects on maturation of intact and reconstructed oocytes and further developmental competence of embryos in vivo and in vitro.

Keywords | Follicle, Cumulus cells, Follicular fluid, Cytoplast, Nucleus, Nucleolus, Maturation, Embryo 

...

Wei Cui1, Yanwei Du1, Lijuan Jiang1, Yan Wei1, Yuguo Li1, Wenfeng Zhang1* and Ling Zhang2*

...D group had relatively intact structure and less morphological changes. Immunohistochemistry showed that compared with the model group, the expression of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) in BHD group increased, while the expression of Bax (BCL2-associated X) and caspase-3 decreased. The expression of p-PI3K (phosphorylated phosphatidyl inositol 3- kinase), p-AKT (phosphorylated protein kinase B) and Bcl-2 decreased in model and HG group, while the expression of Bax, ...

Nkiru E. Ekechukwu, Felicia N. Ekeh, Chinenye M. Ohanu, Hope C. Ezinwa and Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie*

...tant sources for such contacts and disease dissemination. We assumed that understanding the diversity of insect fauna might help to shade light on vector insect-borne diseases, prevalence and transmission rates in abattoir communities. Here we randomly selected three (Orba, Ikpa, and Obollo-afor) abattoirs in Enugu senatorial zone and surveyed for insect fauna abundance, diversity, and distribution. The sampling was carried out over a period of eight weeks, us...

Samreen Khan*, Salma Javed and Nasira Kazi

...icro;m anterior to the metacarpus and 44 µm from cephalic end. Vulva anteriad, having slight elevated anterior and posterior lips. Post urine sac (PUS) short (15-20 µm), and covering 16.6-20% of vulva-anus distance. Tail small (24-26.5 µm), conical, about 3 times long to anal diameter and with a small, single mucro (1 µm).

...

Tariq Mahmood1*, Shakeela Ismail1, Faraz Akrim2, Muhammad Farooq1, Nadeem Munawar1 and Muhammad Raza Khan1

... the study area mainly attacking donkeys, cows, sheep, and goats.

...
Mohammad Belal Shaker1, Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb2,3*, Marwa Magdy Seliem4, Wageh Sobhy Darwish3, Bassam Abdulla Alhawas2, Ahmed E. Tharwat3
...ext-align: justify;">Crustaceans such as crab, lobster, and shrimps, are considered as rich source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, high biological value protein, minerals, and vitamins. However, crustaceans are regarded as potential sources for the transmission of foodborne pathogens. Aeromonas spp. is one of the opportunistic microorganisms, that normally inhabits aquatic environments such as fresh, and marine water...

Mahreen Hanif*, Shafqat Saeed, Mudssar Ali, Muqadas Younas, Huda Bilal, Syeda Fatima Bukhari

..., offers a chemical free tactics to control the stored grain pests. Barrier property of different types of packaging viz., polypropylene (green), polypropylene (white), polyethylene (gauge1), polyethylene (gauge 2), cotton, polymer, and china lamination were investigated in storage bag of chickpea against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) during the controlled condition. Adults of T. castaneum was released on all packaging to evaluate its damage ...

Rizwana Abdul Ghaffar* and Kamil Nadeem

...of the intestine or by attaching themselves to the mucosal layers. This causes severe pathogenicity in the intestine as a result the pigeon shows signs and symptoms of illness. Pathological studies of tissues from infected intestine reveal several changes from the normal architectural organization of tissues. The most common findings were massive congestion, cellular infiltration, atrophy, hypertrophy and dystrophy of cells and disintegration of cellular layer...

Oluwaseun Adetarami1*, Oluwatoyin Olagunju2, Babatunde Adebayo Oyebamiji1, Adegboyega Abel Odeyemi3 and Sina Basil Johnson4

... education, extension contact, farm size and cocoa annual income are major determinants influencing the utilization of FBS approach. The study concluded that the utilization of FBS approach by smallholder cocoa farmers contributes substantially to the profitability of cocoa business. It is, therefore, recommended that effective general extension services should be extended to the study area to intensify the use of FBS introduced innovative skills by farmers fo...
Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Misbah Rizwan2, Muhammad Arshad3, Muhammad Zeeshan3, Hamza Latif3, Usama Bin Khalid1, Shawaiz Iqbal1
...a. In case of a severe attack, the whole crop turns brown called ‘hopperburn’ and farmers face great yield losses. The experiments were performed to evaluate the planting geometry and nutritional effects on N. lugens abundance and yield attributes of the crop using susceptible rice (var. Basmati 515). Results indicated that planting geometries with more space (60 and 90 cm) after 12 lines with a uniform number of plants in each plot had less incide...
M. Fatmawati1, L.T. Suwanti2*, Mufasirin3
...milk containing cysts or tachyzoites of T. gondii. Raw milk is a risk factor for toxoplasmosis in humans. This paper discusses the presence of T. gondii in raw milk from various animals in both artificial and natural infections, the survival of T. gondii in milk and its derivatives and raw milk as a risk factor for toxoplasmosis in humans.
 
Keywords | Toxoplasmosis, Raw milk, Environmental contamination
...

Amany R. Sultan1, 2, Gamal A. Morsi2, Hoda El-Fayoumi1, Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki1*

...n. Pests are the main obstacle facing the tomato production worldwide. The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta is one of the recent devastating exotic pests that is able to cause severe damage to the tomato crop and is very difficult to control. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate seasonal population dynamics of the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta and its parasitoids as well as the rate of parasitism, the parasitoids assemblages and the relative im...

Tinda Afriani*, Zaituni Udin, James Hellyward, Endang Purwati, Adisti Rastosari, Dwiki Wahyudi 

...ity (PMI) and acrosome intact (AI). The result revealed that the average motility, PMI and AI of sperms bearing X- and Y-chromosome in the albumin gradient method was 58.33±10.32% and 60.83± 13.57%, 53.63±16.54% and 52.76± 8.88%, and 53.00±7.93% and 54.08±8.76%, respectively. In swim-up method the average motility, PMI and AI of sperms bearing X- and Y-chromosome was recorded 60.83±7.54% and 70.00±8.94...

Umair Faheem1*, Qurban Ali2, Mussurat Hussain1, Abrar Ahmad3, Tamsila Nazir2, Ghayour Ahmad3, Idrees Ahmad3, Madiha Mobeen4, Hammad Hussnain3 and Nadia Hussain Ahmad3

...stify;">Cotton crop is attacked by several sucking (whitefly, thrips and jassid) and chewing (american bollworm, spotted bollworm, pink bollworm and armyworm) insect pests, which severely affects its quality and quantity. Cotton also contains the populations of parasitoids i.e. Trichogramma spps., Braconid wasps and Encarsia spps., which act to reduce the population of these notorious insect pests. Cotton plants shows genetic resistance or tolerance against th...

Mahmoud S. Sirag1*, Effat L. El Sayed2, Mahmoud M. Hussein3, Khalid A. El-Nesr1, Mahmoud B. El-Begawey1 

...in negative cows. The intact oocytes were clearly pronounced only in the negative animals. The fallopian tubes are free from any pathological lesions in the negative animals. Immunohistochemical, BVDV antigen was detected in ear notch, ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus of one cow (1/30) (PI animal). Whereas, BVDV antigen was detected only in the genital organs of acutely infected animals (2/30) but ear notch was negative. The positive BVDV antigen was clear...

Gawhara Ahmed-Abdelmonem1*, Zeinab Aboezz2, Ahmed Habashi1, Saad Sharawi2 

...ease virus (FMDV) that attacks animals every year. The introduction of new topotypes/lineages of the existing FMD viruses represents a constant risk for cattle production. Serotype A is one of FMDV that is already existing and incriminated lastly in serval problems in cattle population. So, this study aimed at molecular characterization of serotype A FMDV that has been involved in the latest FMD outbreaks in Egypt. Thirty-six samples (26 blood and 10 oral epit...

Maria Endo Mahata1*, Hamdan Sukri Lubis1, Takayuki Ohnuma2, Yose Rizal1 

... were moisture content, stack density, stack compaction density, stack angle, and pellet durability. The results showed no interaction (P>0.05) between the natural pellet binders and dosage on moisture content, stack density, stack compaction density, stack angle, and pellet durab...

Muhammad Rizwan, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Arshad

...camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtaceae), datura Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae), batho Chenopodium album L. (Amaranthaceae) and Indian lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae) were tested against 3rd instar nymphs of mealybug. Results showed that mean mortality was higher (76.67%) after the application of A. indica extract, followed by E. camaldulensis (66.67%) at 72 h post-exposure. The least effective botanicals were C. citratus and C. album showing 2...

Eman H. Abotalp, Sahar R. Mohamed, Jakeen K. El Jakee

...are normally in close contact with their owners, and so harmful microorganisms can be easily transmitted from them to human beings. The ongoing review applied to be aware assuming canines and felines in Egypt are colonized with unsafe E. coli serotypes and the antibiotic resistance in these E. coli isolates. A total of 129 rectal swabs were gathered from apparent healthy and diarrheic canines and felines. By using Vitek2 compact system, 42 E. coli isolate...

Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Irfan Majeed2, Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman1 and Muhammad Asam Riaz1

...mulated beads remained intact and did not disintegrate by consecutive episodes of wetting and drying and were able to attract more than 50% termite individuals exposed. This formulation suppressed the termites in field as no termite foraging was recorded inside the bait-treated monitoring stations for about a month post-treatment, while the termites fed on all beads in the control monitoring stations. Overall study findings validate the effectiveness of fipron...

Hassan A. Aidaros, Eman M. Hafez, Halla E.K. El Bahgy* 

...nt concentrations and contact times at 20, 40, 60, and 90 minutes against field isolated serotypes of E. coli, Pasteurella multocida, Campylobacter jejuni, and Staphylococcus aureus from chicken and duck farms production at a titer of 3×106 CFU (Colony Forming Unit) /cm2 in the absence and presence of organic matter (O.M). The results showed that the efficiency of disinfectants was significantly increase with high concentration and long con

Veasna Chem1 †, Hong-Seok Mun1,2 †, Keiven Mark B. Ampode1, Shad Mahfuz1, Il-Byung Chung1, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1,3, Chul-Ju Yang1,3,* 

...bility of replacing a contact thermometer with a non-contact thermometer and digital infrared thermal imaging camera (DITI) to detect the estrus of gilts. Seven gilts (129.21±2.51kg) were considered for this experiment. Each gilt was fed 5 ml of synthetic progesterone for 18 days, and the anus temperature was measured using the contact thermometer, non-conta...

Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan and Urooba Pervaiz

...ing programs and find obstacles in the use of computer technology which hamper the proper execution of extension services in three selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Purposive sampling technique (sample taken on certain judgments about the population or researcher chooses who would be appropriate for the study) was employed to select three districts i.e. Peshawar, Mardan and Swabi from Agro-ecological Zone C of KP. The population of the study compr...

Lei Xu1, Qin Yang2 and XiaoYan Zhang3,*

... of sclerosin, FGF-23, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), phosphorus, creatinine and uric acid, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P < 0.05), while the levels of 25(OH)D and calcium in serum and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results of Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the level of sclerosin in serum was in positive correlation with age, serum phosphorus, iPTH, F...

Ejaz Ul Haq, Urooba Pervaiz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan and Ayesha Khan

...tion, pest and disease attack, defective marketing and lack of credit facility. The study recommends that farmers should be encouraged and facilitated to adopt tunnel farming technology as it is the best method to grow off-season vegetables and for yields, both the field staff of extension department and farmers must be provided training for development of tunnels and package of production timely. Government should facilitate to establish agriculture insurance...

Yêyinou Laura Estelle Loko1*, Joelle Toffa1, Azize Orobiyi1, Gbèblonoudo Anicet Dassou2, Rolande Okpeicha1, Dieudonné Gavoedo1 and Alexandre Dansi2

...istant to C. maculatus attacks. While, Kecheke, Houeton, Adjaton and Vovoh varieties were classified as moderately resistant to C. maculatus. The correlation analysis indicated that 100-seed weight had significant positive correlation with F1 progeny (r = 0.439), seed consumption (r = 0.467), number of eggs laid (r = 0.295) and susceptibility index (r = 0.453). Path coefficient analysis showed that each seed physical character and its interactions with the oth...

Qurban Ali1, Habib-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Abdullah3, Asad Aslam1*, Muti Ullah4, Ali Sher5, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Humaira Malik1, Muhammad Umar Qasim1, Muhammad Yasir6, Ijaz Haider1, Tamsila Nazir1 and Muhammad Jawad Saleem1

...ops are prone to being attacked by various insect pests resulting in huge crop yield losses. Maize (Zea mays L.) the utmost yielding cereal crop worldwideis attacked by several insects, Chilopartellus(S) is the devastating one. The current study was conducted to probe the toxic effects of Chlorpyriphos 40 EC@500ml/acre, Padan 3% G (Cartaphydorchloride) @ 9 kg/acre, Carbofuran 3% G@8kg/acre, Monomehypo 5% G@7kg/acreand Fipron...

Marat Kuibagarov1, Assylbek Zhylkibayev1, Dinara Kamalova1, Anara Ryskeldina1, Nurdina Yerzhanova1, Yerlan Ramankulov1, Alexandr Shevtsov1*, John A Angelos2  

...c factor necessary for attachment of M. bovis to the surface of the eye epithelium. To evaluate pilA diversity amongst Kazakh isolates of M. bovoculi, the pilA gene sequence was determined for 35 isolates of M. bovoculi. Ten genotypes (gNA1-gNA10) were identified which were 96.1% to 99.8% identical. It was found that as a result of the replacement of cytosine with thymine at the 97th position of the gNA8 genotype, a stop codon resulted which, if expressed, wo...
Yasir Hameed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahzaib, Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Khalid Abbas and Muhammad Zakria
...handling time (Th) and attack rate (a) that calculated by using Roger random predator equation. The results revealed that all the predatory stages show a type II functional response and consumption rate increased with the increase in prey density for the first, second and third larval instar of C. carnea on both L. erysimi and D. noxia. It is concluded that as the handling time increases the attack rate decreases. When the t...
Yasir Hameed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahzaib, Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Khalid Abbas and Muhammad Zakria
...handling time (Th) and attack rate (a) that calculated by using Roger random predator equation. The results revealed that all the predatory stages show a type II functional response and consumption rate increased with the increase in prey density for the first, second and third larval instar of C. carnea on both L. erysimi and D. noxia. It is concluded that as the handling time increases the attack rate decreases. When the t...
Yasir Hameed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahzaib, Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Khalid Abbas and Muhammad Zakria
...handling time (Th) and attack rate (a) that calculated by using Roger random predator equation. The results revealed that all the predatory stages show a type II functional response and consumption rate increased with the increase in prey density for the first, second and third larval instar of C. carnea on both L. erysimi and D. noxia. It is concluded that as the handling time increases the attack rate decreases. When the t...

Kirana D.D. Adiputra1*, Tulus Maulana3 , Ekayanti M. Kaiin3, H. Hasbi2, Herry Sonjaya2 

...iability, abnormality, intact plasma membrane, and concentration. Meanwhile, parameters observed in frozen semen were motility, viability, abnormality, intact plasma membrane, acrosome status, DNA integrity, and movement patterns. Viability and abnormality parameters were stained with eosin-nigrosine, intact plasma membrane was stained with Hypo-osmotic (HOS) solution, acrosome status was ...

Nosheen Jehajo*, Nasreen Memon, Mansoor Ali Shah and Naheed Shah

...and weight loss due to attack of Cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), thus, it was important to handle the pest infestation on legume grains in order to reduce the economic losses. A laboratory experiment was conducted in August-November, 2019. The experiment was laid out at (30±2 ºC and 65±5% relative humidity), to investigate the insecticidal efficacy of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) (neem) an...

Bilal Atta1*, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Syed Sultan Ali1, Muhammad Rizwan2, Muhammad Dildar Gogi3, Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Tahir Hussain Awan4, Tahir Latif4, Mohsin Ali Raza1, Muhammad Afzal5 and Nadeem Rehman6

...opment of new management tactics, and rice cultivars resistant to T. castaneum. 
 
Novelty Statement | This is the first study in Pakistan to test these four varieties (which are being grown on a large area in the Punjab) for feeding preference of T. castaneum and associated post-harvest losses.
...

Lei Zeng1,2,3,4, Pimao Chen1,2,3,4, Zhenzhao Tang1,3,4, Jie Yu1,2,3,4 and Guobao Chen1,2,3,4*

... of AR. Furthermore, crustaceans such as Alpheus brevicristatus, Charybdis callianassa and Harpiosquilla harpax, showing a distinct preference tropism to AR, were turned out to be the main factors contributing to the spatial heterogenity of nekton community between A and B, which was closely related to dissolved oxygen (DO), water transparency (Tra) and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN). The findings in this paper are significant for the protection and restoratio...

Mohamed M. Bahr1, Mohamed S. Amer1*, Khaled Abo-EL-Sooud2, Shaimaa M. Kamel3, Marwa A. Fouly4, Ahmed N. Abdallah5, Ashraf A. Shamaa1, Omar S. El-Tookhy1 

...healed epithelium with intact and homogenous stroma on the 5th day in both treated groups, but control groups showed irregular arrangements of epithelial plaques and presented some abnormalities as stromal fibrosis and sub-epithelial cyst formation. Histopathology in both treated groups showed the development of a complete layer of epithelium within 1week which increased in rows at 2nd and 3rd weeks of treatment and the stromal edema decreased with time unlike...

Carla Meneguin Barbosa1*, Fabio Gregori2, Cairo Monteiro1, Thais Helena Martins Gamon1, Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli1, Tânia de Freitas Raso2 and Edison Luiz Durigon1

...ext-align: justify;">Psittacid Alphaherpesvirus 1 (PSHv-1) is the causative agent of Pacheco’s disease that infects psittacine birds, highly transmissible and presenting high mortality rate. Here we describe the investigation of 98 sudden deaths of birds, belonging to 8 Brazilian native psittacine species, divided in two outbreaks, one year apart between 2016 and 2017, in a breeding ...

Barbosa Carla1*, Gregori Fabio2, Thomazelli Luciano1, Oliveira Amanda1, Araújo Jansen1, Ometto Tatiana1, Marcatti Roberta3, Nardi Marcelo3, Paludo Danielle4, Utecht Nathalia1 and Edison Durigon1

...mples, 3 clustered to Deltacoronavirus genus and 5 to Gammacoronavirus. Two of those samples showed partial sequences of other regions of CoVs confirming their genotyping to Gammacoronavirus genus and proximity to important poultry diseases causative agents.

...

N. Hajra

...l plant of family Cucurbitaceae. Biochemical analysis including carbon and nitrogen profiles was taken into account.The estimation of carbon profile comprising of carbohydrate, glucose, sucrose and total soluble sugars and nitrogen profile comprising of proteins, amino acids protease and proline. Results showed that carbon profile in plant treated with AM fungi have high to low and varied amount of carbohydrates, sucrose, glucose and total soluble sugars in di...

R. Hadadfar1, E. Mahdikhani-Moghadam2†, S. Baghaee2 and M. S. Bajestani1

...Psilenchus species in pistachio gardens of Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran, 50 soil and plant samples from pistachio roots rhizosphere (Depth 30-50 cm) were collected during years 2016-2017. Samples were transferred on ice to laboratory and nematodes were extracted by centrifugal methods. Psilenchus species were identified on morphological and morphometrical characters based on recent valid keys. Seven species from Psilench...

Reem R. Tahon, Nora A. Shaker* 

..., oviducts, seminal receptacles, in addition to single vagina and gonopore, while the male reproductive system consisted of a pair of testes, vas deferens, and gonopods. The stomach was a complex structure whose walls bore calcareous ossicles. It was divided into the cardiac stomach with four ossicles: unpaired mesocardiac, paired pterocardiac, paired lateral zygocardiac, and the unpaired urocardiac ossicle; and the pyloric stomach, which bore three ossicles: ...

D. A. Darban†, S. R. Gowen and B. Pembroke

...rs decompose and would attach to
fresh J2s added to the soil. A very highly significant difference was observed between the treatments as compared to
control treatments of both crop cycles. The bioassay revealed a significant decrease in the total number of second
stage juveniles from 50 g of the soil samples from second crop than the first crop soil samples. Three weeks duration
allowed more endospores as compar...

Öznur Özil*, Öznur Diler, Mevlüt Nazıroğlu, Aşkın Atabay 

...were infected with the metacercariae of C. complanatum. The mean intensity of the infection was 27.14 cysts per host, varying between 1-75 cysts. The parasites were determined encysted in the base of the fins, muscle, inner wall of the operculum, gill arches, lips, upper jaw, body cavity and palate, forming small 2-3 mm diameter white-yellowish nodules, easy to detect in macroscopical observation. The highest prevalence of the metac
M. Bajestani1†, E. Moghadam2 and K. Dolatabadi3
...nicus, M.
pistaciei, Neopsilenchus magnidens, Pratylenchus neglectus and Zygotylenchus guevarai. Among these species M.
communicus and M. pistaciei are new records for nematode fauna of Iran.
...

S. Riffat†, S. Kumar and A. Soomro

...ppers are subjected to attack by a wide range of predators and parasites at all stages of their life cycle. Fecundity of these predators and parasites of the insects was affected when grasshoppers were contaminated with Mermis spp. Mostly, the females laid fewer eggs than normal. The numbers of eggs produced were 17.5±3.0, 11.2±5.3 and 8.6±4.3 for Poekilocerus pictus, Oxya velox and O. hylahyla, respectively, for infested insects, whereas,...

Shaista Naz1*, Muhammad Arif2 and Akhtar Ali3

...experience, extension contact, access to credit, age of the respondent, and farm income were the positive and significant ones. Concluding, the literature shows the considerable evidence of women’s participation in livestock management but the determinants were not fully explored in the developing countries. Moreover, the time allocation studies (quantification) on the subject matter were found scarce. It is therefore recommended that more empirical rese...

S.A. Khan†, M. Abid and F. Hussain1

...ase causing agents and attack nearly all types of plants. In
this study 32 seaweeds were evaluated to determine nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne javanica (egg
hatching and larval mortality tests) in vitro. Results revealed that seaweed biochemical potential in two different
solvents viz., water and methanol @ ratios 2.5, 5 and 10%. It is observed that Sargasssum tenerrimum, Padina
tetrastromatica and Mela...

N. Hajra

... in the cucumber (Cucurbitaceae) family. Proline and other
biochemical parameters effect was evaluated on bottle gourd (Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem) in control,
mycorrhizal and other biotic and abiotic soil components treated plants. Higher proline concentrations
reflected in leaves of treated plants as compared with mycorrhizal treated plants. The decrease in shoot length,
number of leaves and leaf area were obse...

F. Shahina†, K.A. Tabassum and M.A. Habib*

...nomy of country. It is attacked
by insect pests including bollworms. These pests are controlled by frequent use of pesticides. However, the
indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides has disturbed agro-ecosystem and costs over US$ 195 million per year to
the nation in terms of environmental and social costs. Pathogenicity and efficacy trials of indigenous
entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) isolates have positive r...

Ahmad Abrar Khan1*, Ghulam Qadar1, Asif Ali Abro2 and Muhammad Awais3

...o growers faced aphids attack while more than 50% reported whitefly, Cutworm, mites and Armyworm. Leaf miner, thrips and fruit fly were reported by less than 50% of the total respondents. The result of regression analysis revealed that attack of insects/pests i.e. aphids, armyworm, mites, thrips and fruit fly were found non-significant while cutworm, whitefly and leaf miner have significant negative effects on per acre yield...

Tariq Mahmood1*, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Sami Ullah1, Bilal Ahmad3, Zarmina Aslam4, Naveed Ahmad Khan5, Muhammad Shahzaib Tariq6, Muhammad Ali Raza6, Rana Usama Iqbal7 and Samia Zain8

...linators are now under attack from a variety of sources. Pesticides, habitat degradation, genetic diversity loss, inclusion of genetically modified crops, and parasites are among the main threats to these pollinators. As a result of their decrease, there has been a significant loss of ecological activities, negatively influencing the global economy. This work covers the management of foraging activities, factors influencing this behavior, foraging preference, ...
Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti1, Sri Rahayu3, Gatot Ciptadi2, Trinil Susilawati2*
...zoa, chromatin damage, intact acrosome hood of spermatozoa, and sperm capacitation. The treatments consisted of T1 = unsexed semen, T2 = sexed semen X-bearing sperm, and T3 = sexed semen Y-bearing sperm. A general linear model with three treatments and ten replications was performed in this research. The data were analyzed using a general linear model using SAS Demand on Academics, and the least significant differences were applied if there is significance. Th...

Sajid Mehmood Shahzad

...industry and see how it stacks up to those of its land and maritime neighbors, i.e., India, Iran, and maritime neighbor Oman. 
 
Novelty Statement | This study is novel as it examines the present situation of marine commerce with maritime neighbors of Pakistan to assess if the persistent reduction in trade arises from a regional phenomenon or an individual issue.
...

S. A. Khanzada, M. Naeemullah, A. Munir†, S. Iftikhar and S. Masood

...255);"> was found attached with only one mint variety. The highest population recorded was of Helicotylenchus from six mint varieties. Maximum numbers of plant p...

MARIUM ASLAM, MUHAMMAD JAVED, FAIZA AMBREEN* & FARIHA LATIF

...fied radicals begin to attack the bio-molecules. Therefore, present research work was planned to study the effect of zinc on the peroxidase activity in the liver and kidney of Catla catla. To check the concentration based effect, C. catla were exposed, separately, to 96-hr LC50 of zinc and its sub-lethal concentrations viz. 2/3rd, 1/4th and 1/5th of LC50 for 30 days at constant laboratory conditions. After 30-day, the fish were sacrificed and their liver and k...
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Muhammad Sufyan Khan1, Tooba Saeed2, Mohammad Ilyas3 and Hazrat Husaain4
... the severity of viral attack. Moreover, vaccination is also referred to improve the immunity against this viral attack.
...

Tinda Afriani*, Jaswandi, Adisti Rastosari, Muhammad Cadilac Al Razzak, Dwiki Wahyudi 

...ozoa abnormalities and intact plasma membranes of spermatozoa. The obtained data was analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the addition of tomato juice extract into egg yolk citrate diluent exhibited a 20% increase in sperm motility percentage, 26.3% in sperm survival rate and 22.5% in intact plasma membrane percentage as compared to the control group (P < 0.01). However, the sperms abno...
Saiwa N. Zein
...in Chenopodiceae. Cucurbitaceae. Ebenaceae. Leguminosae and Solanaceae. The identity of the virus to TRV was confirmed by mode of transmission. particle morphology and serological typing. Examination or the purified virus preparation 1» electron microscopy revealed rod-purify the Egyptian isolate of TRV. The yield of the virus was 2.6-5.7 mg/ 100 g tissue of Nicotiona rustica plants. The polyclonal antibodies raised against the Egyptian isolate of TRV ha...
A.l. Abd El-Fattah; A.s. Saclik M.M. El-Kholi; I.A. Åbdcl-Hmnid and M.A. Madkour
...portant viral diseases attacking sugarcane crop in Egypt. Therefore. the present work was designed to screen the SCMV strains in Egypt based on biological. serological and molecular characterization. Data of the use of Sorghum bicolor vars. Rio and Atlas show successful detection of 7 SCMV strains (A, B. D. E. H. l. and M). The indirect-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) detection Of SCMV strains showed the presence or five strains. i.e., SCMV-A. SCMV...

Saad Zaghlou El-Damrawy1, Reda Ali Hassan2*, Ahmed Maher Bakhaty1, Adel M. Nasr2, El-Sayed A. Abu El-Hassan2  

Tajul Islam Mamun, Jillur Rahman, Mahmudul Hasan, Md. Jamal Hossain, Md Wakil Mahmud and Kamruz Zaman

...ts was 6.94%, sexually intact cats 5.29% and 20% of cats in poor health conditions were significantly associated with the occurrence of FIP (p ≤ 0.05). Sex and breed were not statistically associated with FIP but had a comparatively high prevalence. Most of the suspected FIP clinical feature was effusive (66.66%). This outcome provides an empirical analysis of FIP in the city of Dhaka. The results demonstrate an unambiguous correlation between age and neute...

Muhammad Saad Waqas, Li Xia, Tian-Ci Yi*, Liang-Yu Sun, Rong Xiao and Dao-Chao Jin*

...riginal feces using both tactile cues and excrement cues. More than 80% S. inthanonsis used excrement cues during defecation. Nest relocation patterns showed that S. inthanonsis could relocate when nest was completely damaged. Relocation pattern was different among immature-stages and adults. Nymphs and larvae relocated nest when there was abundance of exuviae whereas adults did not relocate. Adults could extend their original nest when it was filled with exuv...

Kétomon Pierre Challaton1*, Coovi Guénolé Akouedegni1, Kadoéito Cyrille Boko2, Goué Géorcelin Alowanou1,3, Pascal Venant Houndonougbo4, Aboudou Habirou Kifouly1, Mawulé Sylvie Hounzangbé-Adoté1  

Fei Shang and Pengfei Liu*

...e coloration) to avoid attacks from adult males in breeding season and increase maneuverability to escape predation risks. Adults have the longest wing, which could support their early arrival at wintering ground in migration. Our studies suggest that body size in juveniles is fully developed and the yearling males display female mimicry in wing length which is an adaptive strategy to sexual selection.

...

Edwin Ormachea V1,2*, Bilo Calsin C1,2, Eyner Aguilar S3, Buenaventura Ormachea V4, Henry Gonzales C1, Yecenia M. Masias G5

...meter; Height at hock; Metacarpus perimeter and Metatarsus perimeter. Data were processed using R statistical software. The correlation of the main morphological characteristics were significant and high. Age significantly influences morphological characteristics, showing high correlations between characters. Two principal components were obtained for sheep morphological characteristics that were evaluated according to Kaiser’s criteria, PCA 1 and PCA 2 ...

Sumbal Nazir1*, Farkhanda Manzoor2, Ishrat Perveen3, Anum Rana2, Irum Naureen1, Abad Ali Nadeem3 and Hafiza Najma Naeem2 

...d fungal pathogens are attached on the honeybees worldwide. These pathogens affect the honeybee population by creating disease in it, which also effect the economy of country. It destroys the honey production and causes a subsequent reduction in the crop yield. In this present work, we isolated and screened various honeybee pathogens i.e., Nosema apis, Nosema cerus, Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Black queen cell virus (BQCV), Sacbrood virus (SBV), Deformed...

Budi Guntoro1*, Agung Triatmojo1, Bambang Ariyadi2, Nguyen Hoang Qui1 

... are the most crucial obstacle on both domestic and international trading which could also cause a consequence to human health. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of farmer’s prevention practices to reduce the risk of Anthrax and FMD. A total of 868 farmers from 4 regions in Yogyakarta Province participated in this study through face-to-face interviews using a multi-stage random sample method and quota sampling. Descriptive statistics were used to ...

Asmaa A. Darwish*, Adel M. El-Kattan, Mona A. Mahmoud, Mohamed T. Ragab, Amani A. Hafez 

...or animal breeders. It attacks different farm animals causing infertility, abortion, and stillbirth. This study aimed to figure out the common genes related to B. melitensis field strains virulence and assess the immunological, hormonal, and iron profile alterations related to B. melitensis infection in sheep and goat with special reference to their value as biomarkers for the disease. Vaginal swabs were collected from 110 ewes and 150 does for bacteriological...

Khalil1*, Dwi Ananta1, Andri Bachtiar2, Hermon3

... bulk treatments: loose stacking, open-tied rolling, and airtight wrapping. The changes in physical appearances, botanical fraction, proximate, and fiber fraction content were determined. The nutritive values of stored rice straws were evaluated by feeding four male Indonesian-indigenous Pesisir cattle in a 4x4 Latin Square design. There were four experimental diets: basal diet + fresh rice straw (FRS), basal diet + stacking...

Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Waqar Younus1, Qaiser Shakeel3, Yasir Iftikhar2*, Sonum Bashir2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2 and Azhar Hussain1

...tion units are needed to tackle these challenges to prevent future outbreaks. Herein, we describe significant diseases and pests that are catastrophic to GB’s crops in the future. In addition, this review shows how diseases and pests impact the yields of GB’s crops.

...

Xiaoyan Yang1* and Xiuli Xu2

...luenza is a virus that attacks the nasal passages, including the throat and lungs. Influenza-like virus in adults is partly due to changes in the body’s defense system. The present study was performed to evaluate influenza-like virus effects in adults. This case-control study was performed on 50 patients admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine during the autumn and winter seasons with myocardial infar...

Malik F.H. Ferdosi1*, Arshad Javaid2, Iqra Haider Khan2 and Muhammad Kaleem Naseem

...tract. These included heptacosan-9-ol (15.01%), 2-hexanamine (13.28%), n-hexadecanoic acid (10.38%), eicosane (10.37%), 4H-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl (9.69%), cyclohexane, 1,1’-(2-propyl-1,3-propanediyl)bis-(8.81%), hexadecane-1,2-diol (6.34%), pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester (5.76%), methyl linolenate (5.38%), octadecanoic acid (4.04%), methyl (Z)-5,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoate (3.56%), methyl linoleate (4.38%), and linol...

Vui Van Nguyen1, Samorn Ponchunchoovong2, Sajeera Kupittayanant3, Pakanit Kupittayanant2* 

...embrane potential, the intact plasma membrane and acrosome membrane indicators in the Ocimum gratissimum essential oils treatment were higher than those in the rest treatments and had a substantial difference when compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). In concluding, semen extender supplemented with Ocimum gratissimum essential oils is appropriate for improving the chilled canine sperm for the duration of 12 days in storage. 

...

Karamat Shah1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Zaib Ullah2*, Rashid Ali Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1, Naveed Akhtar2 and Muhammad Naeem Awan3

...maize crop and majorly attack on the area of crops which are close to the forest in summer.

...

Kinza Javed1, Muhammad Ali1, Waqas Farooq2, Majeeda Rasheed1*, Farkhanda Yasmin3, Samiya Rehman3, Sadaf ul Hira1 and Jawad Ali3

...animal to prevent its contact with the healthy animals.

...
Tariq Ahmad1*, Anum Razzaq2*, Li Bo1, Faiz ur Rehman3, Gul Saba2, Omama Saqib1, Saif Ullah2 and Muhammad Suliman1
...tored wheat grains and attacks on their domestic poultry. The results demonstrated that the ability of civets to change their diet in response to availability of food resources, as it found the consumption of Vitis vinifera in bulk in the month of July and August whereas Diospyros lotus and Diospyros kaki were the most preferred diet in the month of September and October. We were informed that Civet cats were predominantly killed (N=60) in village Takoro and (...

Nadia Jabeen1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1*, Rehana Naz Syed1, Muhammad Ali Khanzada2 and Alia Gul3

...nus Marasmiellus (Omphalotaceae ), collected from the lawn and grassy soil of Hazara University, Mansehra. The comparative studies revealed that Marasmiellus agrianum N. Jabeen and M. Lodhi was grown on lawn soil and is a  flattened convex whereas Marasmiellus scandens being pathogenic was found mostly on the trunk of trees and is a semicircle convex-shaped basidiocarp. The species were studied for morphological characteristics. For molecular characteriza...

Deny Anjelus Iyai1*, Ambo Ako2, Sitti Nurani Siradjuddin2, Budiman Nohong2 

...eae, Lamiaceae, Melastomataceae, Acantaceae, Peperomiaceae and Verbenaceae. Dominant plant species are in the range of 0.01-0.03, abundance is in the range of 1.65-3.87, evenness is in the range of 0.76-1.67 and species richness is in range of numbers 2.74-4.66. The range of scarcity numbers is in the numbers 1-29 (2.08-60.42%), followed by the adequacy status of animal feed is in the range 144-248 (19.17% -33.02%), while th...

Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan2, Karim Gabol2*, Muhammad Awais3,4, Mohammad Ismail1, Sajid Mahmood1, Muhammad Aslam4 and Hamidullah5

...ment is less equipped to tackle the hunters in the area. We outline a strategic plan for conservation of birds, other wild animals and their habitats.

...

Imran Nadeem1, Qurban Ali1, Muhammad Kamil Malik1*, Asad Aslam1, Imran Tariq2, Muhammad Bilal Bin Iqbal1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Sikander Ali3, Muhammad Jawad Saleem1, Muhammad Zubair3 and Aqsa Abbas1

...la) is a key pest that attacks the cotton crop and it is distributed all over the world where cotton has grown. In the present study, four traps, viz., PB ropes, Delta traps, Light traps, Capsule lures, one entomopathogenic fungus, “Beauveria bassiana, and one noval insecticide, e.g., Radiant 120 SC (Spintoram), were evaluated to check the percentage infestation reduction of Pectinophora gossypiella under field conditions under the RCBD design. The resul...
IRAM MUJAHID IQBAL1*, ASAD SHABBIR1, 2, KANZA SHABBIR1, MAHAM NAVEED1, FAREIHA UROOJ1,
AQSA BUTT1, RAEES KHAN3, NIDHAN SINGH4 & FIRDAUS-E-BAREEN1
... (34), Moraceae (19), Myrtaceae (14),
Rutaceae (12) and Euphorbiaceae (11). The PU botanical garden
represents 87% of the total tree collection of both the campuses. The
tree flora of PU is a representative of the whole Lahore district and about
half of the country. Some rare and new tree species in Botanical garden
can be added into the flora of Pakistan.
...

SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1*, MUNAZZA DANISH AJAZ2, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL3, AHSAN SATTAR SHEIKH4 & FIRDAUS KOUSAR BUKHARI5

...ium tends to adsorb or attached to the gut epithelial lining and incites toxin-associated deferment of liquid re-absorption from the gut plus invasive inflammatory manifestation along with diarrhoea. Acute or chronic or persistent campylobacteriosis are dealt with antibiotics and proton-pump inhibitors. However, an ever increasing problem of antibiotic resistance evolution has been there and that is alarming. Thus, urgency exists for finding out non-classical ...

Tariq Jamil1, Muhammad Saqib2*, Abid Rashid3, Muhammad Hammad Hussain4, Khushal Khan Kasi5, Muhammad Haleem Tayyab2, Muhammad Azam Kakar5, Heinrich Neubauer1 and Mudassar Iqbal6*

...transmitted by direct contact or consumption of contaminated unpasteurized dairy milk. A total of 193 sera were collected from occupationally exposed participants in Quetta, Pakistan and analyzed by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). An overall 4/193 (2.1%, CI 0.6-5.2) seropositive were found. A higher seropositive rate was found in participants with >40 years age, livestock contact, poor socioeconomic group and no raw milk c...

Iftikhar Ahmad1, Tahir Saeed1, Umair Faheem2*, Qaisar Abbas2, Muhammad Saleem Akhtar Khan3, Mussurrat Hussain2, Tanveer Ahmad4, Gulzar Akhtar4, Asifa Hameed5, Muhammad Hasnain6 and Muhammad Jamil7

... parts of gladioli are attacked by them. Application of chemical insecticides provides effective control of insect pest in short period of time. The present investigation was carried out on Jasminum sambac against flower thrips for efficacy of insecticides. To conduct this experiment, six insecticides viz., imidacloprid 20Sl, Spinosad 240SC, Spintoram 120SC, Chlophenapyre, Imidacloprid+fipronil and abamectin were applied. Thrips population was observed on jasm...

Muhammad Raza Salik1, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal1,2*, Ayesha Komal3, Muhammad Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah4, Faheem Altaf5, Akbar Hayat1 and Hira Tariq1

...enus citrus and family Rutaceae, Kinnow mandarin Citrus reticulata Blanco is widely grown edible species in the world including Pakistan. It is enriched with vitamin C and many other phytochemicals that are beneficial for health. In Pakistan, Citrus reticulata occupies the dominant position and it is 85% of total citrus production. The study was carried out at Research farm of Citrus Research Institute, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan during 2012-13 and 2013-14 to ...

Aeni Nurlatifah1, Anita Hafid1, Pradita Iustia Sitaresmi1, Santoso Santoso1, Rahma Isatirna Anwar1, Mohammad Firdaus Hudaya1, Diana Andrianita Kusumaningrum1, Nurul Azizah1, Dimar Sari Wahyuni1, Herdis Herdis1, Florentina Bety Indah Lupitasari1, Desiana Ade Mahari1, Muhammad Rizal2

... live spermatozoa, and intact plasma membrane. The NEZ group showed better results (P<0.05) than the NEZ group in maintaining motility, viability, and membrane integrity. The research concluded that the administration of NEZ at a dose of 20 mg/100 ml extender and EZ treatment at 50 mg/100 ml extender represents the optimal dose to preserve sperm quality until day four of dilution. In addition, the NEZ antioxidant showed better-improved quality of spermatozo...

Irfan Safdar Durrani*, Noreen Asim and Ammar Sohail

...ense against pathogens attacks and different abiotic stresses. Current research deals with the study of cis-regulatory elements located in the promoter region of OsGLP12-3 gene of Nipponbare and newly sequenced Oryza sativa L. cultivar Dilrosh-97 using bioinformatics approach. The possible cis-acting regulatory elements were analyzed using PlantCARE and PlantPAN3.0. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA7 and docking of regulatory elements with the corre...

Abdul Kabir1*, Anees Ur Rahman2, Inzamam Ali Shah2, Ibad ur Rahman2 

...mitted through direct contact with infected animals or their secretions, or through fomites. The disease poses a serious threat to the livestock industry and public health, especially in the absence of smallpox vaccination. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, clinical features, diagnosis, prevention, and control of buffalopox, with emphasis on the interplay between buffaloes, humans, and vectors. The review ...

Muhammad Luqman1*, Muhammad Talha Shoaib1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Umair Safdar2 and Hassan Raza2

...seases and insect pest attacks. In this perspective, current study was designed to explore negative consequences of pesticides applications on human health and environment in district Sargodha. A cross sectional survey method using convenient sampling was adopted for this research and data was collected from 300 respondents with the help of structured interview schedule. The results revealed that all the respondents (100%) considered ‘enhance farm produc...

Sidra Hafeez1, Tayyaba Sanaullah2, Hafsa Naeem3, Mah Noor Hassan4, Muttalib5, Farhana Kausar6, Muhammad Salman Hameed7*, Muhammad Anayat Ullah8, Abdul Samad9, Memoona Bashir10 and Sadaf Shabbir11

... (Cucurbita pepo: Cucurbitaceae) is a heat-labile plant, having nutritional value containing large number of active compounds like carotenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids and necessary for food security against disease causing agents like bacteria, fungi etc. Black rot is a serious disease in pumpkin caused by fungus (Didymella bryoniae) and damaged fruit with the symptoms of dark brown lesions but causal organism identification through DNA is still unknown. We ...

Adeel Kazam1, Safdar Sidra2, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Rida Ahmad1,3, Ahmad Bilal1 and Aliza Batool1,3

...lexandrine parakeet (Psittacula eupatria), and pallid harrier (Circus macrourus), and one endangered species steppe eagle (Aquila nipalensis) were observed during the study. These species require special attention for conservation as illegal hunting is one of the major threats to the species in the study area. Other threats include fishing, use of insecticides and pesticides.

...

Adnan Ibrahim Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa S. Ali3 and Anwer Thamer Ghaffoori2

...contains problems and obstacles that hinder the work of agricultural projects. I was one paragraph. After data collection, results were analyzed and presented using a statistical program (SPSS). The study showed that small-scale farming projects have significantly and effectively contributed to the development of rural youth in Anbar province and their relative development of administrative and economic skills. It also became clear that there are problems and ...

Nguyen Huu Van1*, Nguyen Thi Mui1, Dinh Van Dung1, Van Ngoc Phong1, Tran Ngoc Long1, Le Tran Hoan1, Le Duc Thao1, Vo Thi Minh Tam1, Ngo Mau Dung1, Bui Van Loi1, Nguyen Xuan Ba1, Ton Nu Minh Thi2, Nishino Naoki2

..., Vietnam. Twenty-five intact male Phan Rang sheep averaging body weight of 15.4 ± 1.3 (SD) kg/animal were randomly assigned to five groups with different levels of concentrate, including: control (C) (ad libitum access to grass feeding); 0.75% (control plus 0.75% of concentrate); 1.5% (control plus 1.5% of concentrate); 2.25% (control plus 2.25% of concentrate) and 3.0% (control plus 3.0% of concentrate) as a percentage of live weight on dry matter bas...
Nauman Jamil Khan1, Rabia Tariq2, Hina Saleem2 and Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq2*
...al irregularity, heart attack etc. Various analytical techniques including atomic absorption spectroscopy, chromatography methods, ion selective electrode method, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, complexometric titration method and thermometric endpoint titrimetry are developed to determine the quantity of sodium. Spectrophotometric methods are cheap, easy to handle and more precise to quantify sodium in food contents.
...

M. Azalou1,3*, C. C. Kpomasse1, A. S. Assani3,4, I. T. Alkoiret3,4, Wéré Pitala1,2  

...ou (FZSB), and the West Atacora zone (WAZ). Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and ascending hierarchical clustering (AHC) identified three groups of goose farmers. Group 1 was composed of primary and secondary level goose farmers whose main activity was trade (56.1%); group 2 was composed of secondary level herders whose main activity was agriculture (59.38%); and group 3 included public servants (27.59%) with university-level education. As for the feedin...

Mansour, Abeer E.M.; Khodeir, M.H. and Hussein, A.M.H.•

...s increasing the virus attachment to the cell receptors. On the other side, MSG enhanced cell 1 division due to its of amino acid content and accordingly increased the available cell number for virus replication. There will be a need to more research to investigate the effect of CaC12 and MSG on the immune response of vaccinated animals with FMD vaccine including such materials and their effect on the vaccine stability.

...

Arafa, A.; Kanawaty, Z.; Abdclwhab. E. M.; Hassan, M.K.; and Aly M.M.

...ibility of continuous contact with wild migratory birds make the vulnerability of backyards to avian influenza much easier than commercial poultry farms. Avian Influenza subtype H7 was isolated from wild migratory ducks in El-Abassa Lake at El-Sharkia Governorate in 2007. To avoid repeating the scenario of H5N1 introduction to Egypt through wild migratory ducks to Egyptian poultry sectors, this prompted us to survey avian influenza in Egyptian wetlands, especi...

S. A. Sidaros*, S. A. EL-Kewey*, Eman A. H. khattab**, M. M. ELsharkawy* 

...istils and anthers) in intact seeds and all seed parts (seed coats, cotyledons and embryos) of immature seeds obtained from infected faba been and cowpea plants. Both of the viruses were not detected in seed coat of ripened seeds and in roots of infected plants. BBSV was detected in stained seeds more than un-stained seeds obtained from infected faba bean plants. 

...

Sulake Fadhil Al-Zubaidi1*, Ghusoon A.A. Alneamah2, Ali Saleh Mahdi1, Abdulraheem Abduljalil Wali3

...any side effects such as tachycardia, panting, and hypersalivation. In group III Misoprostol was used intravaginal, and evacuation of pus was seen after 1 hr. from administration, the evacuation was more than in groups I and II without side effects such as tachycardia and increased panting that occurred in group II. In group IV recovery occurred after surgery. E -Coli and Enterococcus were the most dominant bacteria in bitch...

Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa

...hat included rounding, detachment of the cells from the monolayer and aggregation of cells during the first and second tissue culture passages. The results of sequencing analysis of pigeon poxvirus field samples revealed that the gene has some mutations (nonsense and missense) and is highly conserved among pigeon poxvirus isolates. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the P4b gene of Iraqi isolates was related to the (Egypt strain) (99% similarity). Phyloge...

Zurmiati1*, Ade Trisna2, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli1, Yelsi Listiana Dewi3, Ulvi Fitri Handayani4, Wizna1 

...version of duck is an obstacle in the intensive development of duck farming because 70% of poultry production costs come from feed costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 administration as a probiotic on growing male Bayang duck performance. A randomized design was used in this study. The probiotic Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 was included in drinking water of male Bayang ducks at different doses (0, 76x106,...

Zhengfei Wang1*, Chenchen Shen1,2, Yiping Zhang1, Dan Tang1,3, Yaqi Luo1, Yaotong Zhai1, Yayun Guan1, Yue Wang1 and Xinyu Wang1

...lecular mechanism in crustaceans.

...

M. Tariq Mushtaq1, Faisal Manzoor1, M. Ishtiaq1*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Muqarrab Ali2, M. Akram3, M. Rafiq Shahid3 and Saleem Riaz1

...esistance and combined attack of whitefly and jassid. However, it is recommended that integrated pest management approach using different control tactics for conservation of natural enemies, use of yellow sticky traps, botanicals, use of selective insecticides when needed could be the best strategy to overcome insecticides resistance problems.

...

Sarah G. Yousef1*, Ahmed Shehta2, Hend M. El Damaty1 and Hussein A. Elsheikh3

...y cows that came into contact with diarrheic ones for molecular screening. Clinically, 32 of 75 examined cattle showed variable degrees of body weight loss and diarrhea. The PCR targeting the insertion sequence IS900 gene revealed that 22.6% of examined cattle were positive for MAP. A rate was significantly higher in diseased older cattle than in young cattle with no symptoms of the disease. Furthermore, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that o...
Rehan Ahmed Siddiqui1,2*, Shabana Usman Simjee2,3, Nurul Kabir4, Muhammad Ateeq3,5, Kevin Joseph Jerome Borges6, Muhammad Raza Shah3 and Rahman M. Hafizur2
...mpounds kept the actin intact, decreased COX-2 protein expression, down-regulated the expressions of NFkB p50 and iNOS, and up-regulated Kim-1 and HO-1. The tested compounds (CA and CA-AuNPs) prevented the kidney from injury in the rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI animal models. However, almost complete protection is observed in CA-AuNPs treated animals at a relatively lower dose.

...

Riaz Hussain1, Adnan Ihsan2*, Jawad Sarwar2, Nauman Ahmad2, Noor Ullah2, Arbab Luqman2, Muhammad Junaid2 and Hizer Ali2 

...number of insect pests attack on this crop but whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) is one of them. An investigation was carried out at farmar’s field in Malam jaba Swat during Kharif crop 2018 to evaluate the effectiveness of synthetic and botanical insecticides against insect pests of bitter gourd i.e Whitefly Significant differences were observed among all the treatments as compared to untreated plot. Results revealed that Flonicamid 50WG (0.3g/l) was sign...

Cut Intan Novita1,2, Kartini Eriani3, Amalia Sutriana4, Tongku Nizwan Siregar5,6*, Ni Wayan Karja7

...ncreased the number of intact follicles (P<0.05) at each development stage, with the highest number occurring in the primordial and primary follicle stages.   The number of primordial and primary follicles on day 14 of vitrification the control group vs the BPE group was 62.08±18.25 vs 72.72±5.67 and 45.62±15,9 vs 65.78±7.17, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of BPE to the vitrification medium could increase the...

Shamsa Jabeen and Javed Iqbal Qazi*

...afting. Blood from the intact control as well as experimental and EDL muscle grafted mice was secured on day 3, 5, 7 and 14 post-transplantations. CK activity of control and EDL muscle grafted mice with probiotics showed 157% and 130% increase, respectively on day 5, whereas on 14th days post-transplantation CK values showed 45.6% and 4%, respectively increase compared with the values of intact control. The LDH activity incr...

Kalsoom Abdulrazaq1*, Bisma Arif1, Rimsha Mehboob2, Asma Mehboob3 

...read directly through contact with diseased animals, such as rabies, and through bites, or indirectly through exposure to contaminated surroundings and contaminated food. Vectors, such as mosquitoes or ticks, play a role in the transmission of diseases like West Nile fever and Lyme disease, respectively. Several factors impact diseases caused by zoonoses, and the convergence model classifies these components into major areas, including the interaction between ...

MUSHTAQ HUSSAIN LASHARI1*, RABIA HAMEED1, UMER FAROOQ2, MUSADIQ IDRIS2 & ZIA UR REHMAN2

...served for Barr bodies attached to them. Only the neutrophils with terminable lobes were examined and counted. The mean value ± SE of the Barr bodies was calculated and the difference between males and females of both species was analyzed through independent T-test. The mean ± SE values for Barr bodies was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in human females (7.7 ± 0.63) as compared to their male counterparts (2.2 ± 0.38). However, s...

*ARIFA ZEREEN1, ALMAS JAHAN1,SHEIKH SAEED AHMAD2 & ZAHEER-UD-DIN KHAN3

...ata, ordination research tactics i.e., Two Way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were used. Vegetation data obtained from forty quadrats was compiled. Thirty eight plant species belonging to twenty one families were recorded. TWINSPAN bifurcated the flora of entire study zone into two main communities that had been again separated into smaller i.e., sub communities. Canonical correspondence analysis recognized th...

MUSHTAQ HUSSAIN LASHARI1*, UMER FAROOQ2, AMMARA ARSHAD1, MUHAMMAD NAEEM TAHIR2, MUSADIQ IDRIS2, ANAM KHURSHID3 & ZIA UR REHMAN2

...served for Barr Bodies attached to them. Only the neutrophils with terminable lobes were examined and counted. The mean value ±SE of the Barr Bodies was calculated and the difference between males and females of both species was analyzed through independent T-test. The mean ±SE values for Barr Bodies were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in female cattle (9.61±1.11) as compared to their male counterparts (0.92±0.28). Similar results...

Addisu Jimma1,2*, Aberra Melesse1, Aynalem Haile3, Tesfaye Getachew3  

...bs between 3-6 months, intact males between 6-12 months, breeding rams, mature ewes, and the mean flock size of sheep at the household level. The major routes of sheep entry into the flocks were birth (81%), and purchase (17%). The total number of entries and births was higher (p < 0.05) in CBBP members (284 vs. 240) than in non-members (148 vs. 112). The off-take rate, representing the proportion of sheep exits from the flock, was significantly higher (...
Abdul Asim Farooq1,2*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Hamid Akbar1
Muhammad Ashraf3, Saima Inayat4, Muhammad Usman Saleem5
Saeed Murtaza2, Maqbool Hussain Shah2 and Muhammad Arshad Javid5
...l of autologous BMA on metacarpal and metatarsal fracture of Beetal goats presented at the surgery clinic of the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan. Beetal goats were selected (n=20), and divided into four different groups. The first group was designated as bone plating with bone marrow aspirate (BPMA) in which fracture was reduced by using the bone plates along with the application of multiple BMA on days: 0, 14, 28, and 45. Further...

Hayder S. Rwayyih*, Tahani S.S. Al-Azawi

... of heart and aorta in intact and ovariectomized rabbits. Twenty rabbits, aged seven to eight weeks, were employed in this investigation. The animals were split up evenly into the following four groups: The intact rabbits in Group One (G1) were given distilled water. The intact rabbits in Group Two (G2) were given an oral dose of alpha lipoic acid (10 mg/kg B.wt). The ovariectomized rabbit...
Abdel Satar Arafa
.... The respiratory and contact transmission are likely the primary routes of transmission and may partly arise initially as an adaptation to poultry which clearly has implication for zoonotic transmission. Inactivated vaccines are the most common vaccines used to control H9N2 viruses, however they have a wide antigenic variability in different lineages.
...

Noor-ul-Ain1, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Saba Naz1, Kiran Saleem1,2, Syeda Rida Hasan1, Sana Arif1, Rida Ahmad1,3, Nida Naeem1, Zarmina Zainab1 and Aliza Batool1,3

...f two wooden platforms attached to the ground with iron rods. A 20-h post-enrichment activity budget of both bear pairs was recorded and compared with their pre-enrichment activity budget. The results showed that there was a significant increase (p=0.003) in cage exploration by the installation of feeding enrichment while a significant increase was observed in cage exploration (p=0.04), drinking (p=0.04), and resting (p=0.001) behaviours by the installation of...

Muhmmad Asif1, Khunsa Khakwani1, Muhammad Hasnain1*, Farrukh Ilahi1, Muhammad Hussnain Babar1, Shahid Munir Chuhan1, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas1, Iqra Parveen1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Saeed Ahmad2 and Hammad Hussnain2

...ld and quality, insect attack is one of the major limiting factors for optimum cotton production. Among cotton pest whitefly, jassid and thrips are more important in sucking pests while pink bollworm is very destructive among bollworms. Therefore, the present study was planned to work out the behavior of different cotton cultivars i.e., MNH-1086, WEAL-AG-10, SLH-CHANDI, FH-494, MNH-1050, FH-492, WEAL-AG-9, BH-224, VH-418, SLH-Afnan-II, WEAL-AL-AG-CKC3-01, FH-1...

Syeda Fakehha Naqvi1, Iqra Haider Khan1 and Arshad Javaid1

...estrol (0.61%), methyl octacosanoate (0.55%) and tetracosanoic acid (0.30%) were present in low concentrations. A thorough literature survey showed that most of the identified compounds possessed antifungal and/or antibacterial properties while very few of them also possessed antioxidant potential. This study concludes that n-hexane soluble fraction of methanolic stem extract of C. murale is a big storehouse of antimicrobial compounds.

...

Muddasir Khan1, Siraj-Ud-Din1, Muhammad Farooq2* and Sanam Zarif2

...aceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Cactaceae, Ulmaceae, Cannabaceae, Cuscutaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapotaceae, Myrsinaceae, Convolvulaceae, Fagaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Boraginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Vitaceae, Violaceae, Saliaceae and Acanthaceae, were represented by single genus and single specie...

Basheer Ahmad, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*

...and forest resources. To tackle this problem, there is a pressing need for effective food structures that not only improve efficiency and financial outcomes but also bring about positive ecological impacts and gain social acceptance. Traditional land management practices like agri forestry offer a promising solution in Pakistan. To plant trees on private lands, agroforestry enables pure rights of timber resources and, when well-managed, can significantly enhan...
Naveed Ahmed
... of treatment to wooden stacks, Tenekil Plus 100% E.C. gave 98% and 90% protection in 2.0% concentration at Peshawar and Faisalabad, whereas Zanda 25% E.C at 2.0% provided 79% and 76% protection and Termicid 48.5% E.C gave the same protection in 1.0% in Peshawar and Faisalabad. In case of soil treatment only Tenekil Plus 100% EC proved to be effective by providing 81% and 79% protection in Peshawar and Faisalabad respectively while the concentrations, 0.5%, 1...
Naveed Ahmed
... species were found to attack on weakened and severely stressed, wind-blown or wind-broken trees or logs. Attacked is followed by rust causing fungus on the dead and dying trees. All the bark beetles species made the holes of various sizes in twigs, branches and tree trunk and made galleries of different shapes and sizes beneath the bark which made longitudinal tunnels in affected part....
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Muhammad Muslim
...hii, Olea ferruginea, Pistacia integerrima, Mallotus philippensis, Pyrus pashia, Ficus auriculata, Berberis vulgaris, Cannabis sativa, Justicia vasica, Dodonaea viscosa. Besides this, at Kerala gali Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus wallichiana, Rosa moschata, Berbaris lycium, Zizyphus nummularia, Zizyphus oxyphylla, Dodonaea viscosa were recorded and going west from Gulpur on Kotli-Rawalpindi road, Sehnsa area was surveyed located adjacent to Holar (the ...
Enefiok S. Udo1, Opeyemi Olajide1 and Eyo A. Udoh2
...rom Baphia nitida, Pentaclethra macrophylla and Brachystegia eurycoma with populations of 6, 4 and 3/ha respectively, all other tree species had one frequency each/ha. In the shrub category, Lasianthera africana had the highest population of 255/ha and Alchornea cordifolia, the least of one/ha. Palisota hirsute had the highest population of 136/ha in the herb life-form, and Urena lobata the least of one/ha. Among the ...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...ocio-economic services intact.

Key words: llegal logging, multiple uses, biodiversity, environment, livelihoods, sustainable forest management.

...
Naveed Ahmed
... on exposed aspect and attacked even the green healthy trees. ...
Tahir Laeeq1, Tariq Mahmood2 Mohammad Amin3 and Khurshid Alam4
...on rates. The soil was intact too on resulting in less erosion and runoff on the steep slope. The medium and gentle slopes were much degraded by over grazing, faulty land cultivation and stress of timber and fuel wood due to ease of accessibility. For soil and water conservation it is suggested that, the land should be utilized according to its capability class, grazing should be regulated through a proper system, plantation along with protection of local as w...
Kabir Dihider Shahriar, Mahmood Hossain and Ripon Kumar Debnath
...aceae 7, Palmaceae 6, Myrtaceae 6, Rutaceae 5, Meliaceae 4, Anonaceae 3 and rest are in other families. According to the size of household, large farmers have the highest number of trees (177.36 trees/ household) in all the study areas while the landless farmers having small homestead (51.81 trees/household). Among the four agro-ecological zones, Badhadia village of Thana Sonagazi possessed the highest number (186.17) of tre...
Mohammad Athar and Syed Mahmood Nasir
...ee species followed by Rutaceae (five tree species) as host of olive fruit fly. Other host tree species were distributed in Anacardiaceae, Fabaceae, Lythraceae and Malpigiaceae. Mostly these hosts comprised of the fruit trees with the exception of Brazilian pepper tree, carob, crape myrtle and ornamental plum.

Keywords: Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, California

...
Muhamamd Arif Chaudhary and Ejaz Ahmed
...ibility of some fungal attack resulting in blockage of conducting tissues, causing heart wood rot followed by termite attack and elimination of Rahizobial nodulation. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out an intensive field survey; study the biology, physiology and ecology of the suspected fungi and Rhizobial nodulation pattern.

...
Klaus Euler and Zulfiqar Ali Qazi
...lly known for the last intact Moist Temperate Forests of the Western Himalayas and its unique fauna, including the endangered Western Tragopan. Palas Conservation & Development Project (PCDP) is active in the Valley to conserve its unique biodiversity through community participation. Spaced over 135,300ha, the Valley has 27.4% of its area under forests, 24.2% under rangelands, 39.4% under wastelands, 7.6% under water bodies and permanent snow, while 1.4% of it...
M. Al-Amin and M. Alamgir
...ceae, Euphorbieaceae, Myrtaceae, Mimosaceae, Combretaceae and Verbenaceae (3 species each). Tectona grandis has the highest importance value index (31.05) followed by Gmelina arborea (16.05), Mangifera indica (13.59), Erythrina variegate (12.53) Unidentified-2 (11.06), Bombax ceiba (11.05) Eucalyptus camaldulensis (9.92) and Oroxylum indicum (9.65) The distribution of all the ...
Muhammad Arif Chaudhary and Ejaz Ahmed
..., Russulaceae, Tricholomataceae, strophoraceae and Schizophyllaceae families of Basidiomycetes were sorted out for the purpose but 135 only are identified to their taxonomic positions while remaining 40 are awaiting generic status and even for some the distributional information about locality, host or habitat, collection date are missing. Only 66 representative well preserved specimens at the rate of at least one specimen/host/locality have been selected to s...
M. Saqib, Mushtaq Ahmad, Mir Ajab Khan and R. M. Zarif
...rural area of district Attack was studied by sample survey of randomly selected villages. Data from sample households were collected with the help of structured and pretested questionnaire. In all 90 respondents were randomly selected and interviewed. Analysis revealed that fuelwood was the major source of household energy in the area. About 83% of the household use fuelwood as well as other cheaper fuels. Only 17% were found using efficient commercial fuels (...
Rizwana Aleem Qureshi*, Mushtaq Ahmad**, Zaheer Yousaf* and Muhammad Arshad*
...corded are head and receptacle, number of florests per head were taxonomically important to differentiate these species. It was observed that an important use of A. absinthium is as cure against liver diseases....
M. Rahim Niazi, G. Habib and M.M. Siddiqui
...d (Acacia modesta, Pistacia attlantica, Pistacia khinjk, Olea cuspidate and Zizyphus mauritiana) and five cultivated (Prunus dulcis, Pyrus malees, Prunus persica, P. domestica and Punica granatumiree leaves collected from three different locations in Balochistan. Tree species significantly influenced ADF-P (P<0.001) and ISPD (P<0.001) of the leaves. ADF-P was higher (P<0.01) in wild than cultivate...
Hanif Gul and Mirza Hakim Khan
...made them prone to the attack of above beetles The grubs of these beetles constructed concealed and irregular gallaries in the twigs and branches, causing damage to conducting tissue by complete strangulation. Since the insect damage was mainly due to stress caused by drought and was also below the economic limit, therefore no conventional control measure were feasible, rather than to wait for improvement in the moisture conditions in coming monsoons and winte...
Siraj-ud-Din and Abdul Waheed Baloch
...of three species viz. Pistacia khinjak, Elaeagnus angustifolium and Atriplex spp. at Mianghundi Quetta. The above techniques were also compared at Karak valley on Atriplex canisence, A. lentiformus, Ailanthus sp. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Data on survival of all species and height of Atriplex canisence was recorded and analyzed.
The survival of species at Mianghundi under different water conservation techniques viz. trenches, earthen bunds, micro-...
G. A. Bajwa and Hanif Gul
... spp. Fell prey to the attack of fourteen insect species like Agrotis ypsilon Rott. (Noctuidae), Aleuroplatus pectiniferus Quiint. (Aleyrodidae), Catopsilia crocale Cram. (Pieridae), Cyrtopeltis tenuis Reut. (Miridae), Drosicha stebbingii Gr. (Margarodidae), Heliothis armigera Hueb. (Noctuidae), H. peltigera Hueb. (Noctuidae), Lumantria sp. Walk. (Lymantriidae), Nyzus persicae Sul. (Aphidid...
M. Rahim Niazi, G. Habib and M. M. Siddiqui
...s (Acacia modesta, Pistacia attlantica, Pistacia Khinjuk, Olea cuspidate and Zizyphus mauritiana) and five cultivated trees (Prunus dulcis, Pyrus malees, Prunus persica, Prunus domestica and Punica granatum), collected from three different locations in Balochistan. Were determined. Ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and in vitro dry matter digestibil...
Hanif Gul and G. A. Bajwa
...st powder post beetles attacking the fuel wood. In single spray Sherpa afforded 88, 92, 95% billets in the same concentrations for the same period. Cyperkill, Sunmerin and Bulldock in 0.5% concentration gave 82, 95 and 91% protection of billets, respectively as compared to control in which 41% billets remained safe from beetles infestation. Sherpa and Ripcord in 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% gave net benefit over control of Rs. 9561, 9102, 7732 and 8292, 8442, 7757 per 100...
G. A. Bajwa and G. Zimmermann
...s which may be due to contact action of neem oil formulation. On the other hand, the lower doses caused slow mortality in the beginning and progressed steadily, owing to growth regulating behavior of neem. The neem formulation at 6.4% and 8% were phototoxic to Prunus domestica....
Zakaullah
...ange. The incidence of attack was found to vary from 20-30%. It was observed that most of the infected plants had already died while the remaining exhibited blisters, swellings and girdling of stem, death of small shoots, needles turnings to reddish brown, resin exudation and eventually leading to the death of entire plant. The dead wood was found attacked by the borers (insects)....
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...omophathogenic fungus attacking all stages of I. quadrinotata and Elaterid predator of A. sarta, pit borer Apriona cinerea (Lamiidae, Coleoptera) were recorded. Observations on the biology of Elaterid predator of A. sarta and A. cinerea in the laboratory showed that a predator larvae consumed 2 host grubs of 1-2 months age in 4 days. ON an average single predatory larvae killed 61 and consumed 24 host grubs in ...
Raza-ul-Haq
..., birds and microbial attacks. The results indicated that low seed viability with seed losses must have been a major factor in the poor regeneration in fir forest, even if other soil and micro-climatic conditions were favorable....
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...,1989 against termites attacking eucalypts sapling at Ratta Kulachi (D. I. Khan) and Peshawar Forest institute, Peshawar with BHC WP 12.5% BHC 10% dust, Sevin 85%WP and Malathion 57% EC applied in 0.06,0.12 and 0.25% dilution in four replications keeping five plants in each treatment. A total of 243 plants were found dead at D. I. Khan during the period of experiment out of which termite damage was recorded on 27 plants only. At Peshawar mortality of pl...
Mirza Hakim Khan Dr.
...ly Olea cuspidate, Pistacia cabulica community at the lower elevation and Pinus gerardiana, Ephedra nebrodensis, Cotoneaster nummularia community at higher elevation of the habitat. T he first community was found to be the best habitat for Suleiman markhor because it possessed ample number of food plants, shelter and spring water for the animal. Improvement of this habitat is, therefore, essential for the protection of the animal against b...
Zakaullah
...che's-broom and aphids attack in Phander areas situated about 200 km north-west of Gilgit at an elevation ranging between 2286 and 2438 m. The important forest trees include willows and poplars. Three species of willows, i.e. Salix purpurea, S. seriocarpa, S. tetrasperma and a single species of poplar, Populus nigra (Lombardy poplar) were found commonly grown in the area. Nevertheless, a few hybrid poplars (P. X. euramericana) wer...
S. I. Zafar, Ulfat Naheed, N. Abdullah and M. Yasin
...ion of cellulose from attack by various cellulolytic microbes (Fan et al., 1982) thereby preventing bioavailability of as much as half the photosynthethically produced high energy carbon. Though lignocellulosic biodegradation under laboratory conditions has been well investigated, reports on this aspect under natural conditions are limited (Zadrazil et al., 1982). Such studies are necessary not only for an understanding of the degradation ...
Abeli, W. S., Issara, D. G., Malilah, P.K. and Mrosso, D. K.
...iece work basis. Cutting tacks vary from 1 tree/day in THF to 50 trees/day in Miombo woodland forests depending on the size, stocking and the cutting tool. For instance in the THF where an axe was used as a cutting tool, productivity was 9.1m3/day while in Miombo woodland forests where 2-man crosscut saw and a chainsaw were used for cutting, productivities were 4.2m3/day and 29.2m3/day respectively.

Skidding production depe...

Qaisar Ali, Mohammad Yousaf Wazir and Mirza Hakim Khan
...recognized, viz. 1.Desmostachya-Suaeda community 2. Saccharum-desmostachya community 3. Desmostachya-Saccharum-Alhagi community and 4. Phragmities community. Some environmental, particularly the edaphic factors were also studied. Investigations indicated that some tree species like Phoenix dactylifera and fodder plants like Diplachne fusca and Juncus maritimus can be t...
Wali-ur-Rahman and M. I on ail Chaudhry
...metridae: Lepidoptera) attacked kail forests, denuding large patches of hill tops in beautiful tourist resorts of Murree in the Punjab (Pakistan) and Loon Bagla and Danna of Azad Kashmir. In 1984 microlepidopterous leaf stitchers caused defoliation of kail trees in patches in the Galis Forest Division at Chatri R. near Thandiani, Bagan near Nathiagali and Darwaza near Kuzagali in Hazara, N.W.F.P. ...
G. M. Baloch, M. I. Arif and M. Irshad
...icerae Fr.) Kunze attacking Lonicera spp.;3 insects (Nematus ribesii (Scop.), Zelleria ribesiella Joanis and Anthaxia sp.) damaging Ribes sp.; and only one insect (Callosobruchus sp.) destroying seeds of P.tuberosa caused appreciable damage to their host weeds. Investigations in the biology, ecology, and nature of damage of these promising enemies were carried out. ...
Wulf Killmann
... sawing - segregate and stack the sawn timber in accordance with at least two, preferably three density classes - Seasoning: air season the timber properly stacked (in airy place under cover, off the ground, with fillets between) - air dry timber down to 30% before kiln drying it do not dry batches of mixed densities. Preservation: all timber In exterior use and/ or with ground contact sh...
Zakaullah, Mohammad Irfanul Haque and Khial Badshah
...range. They were found attacking 32 timber and fruit plant species some of which had been reported earlier L. longiflorus was more prevalent particularly on old trees of Acacia modesta, while L. pulverulenrus had comparatively low incidence. Only four host species were found commonly attacked by both parasites. For the rest of 28 species they were host specific. L. pulverulentus is a new record in...
Amjum Amin, Zafar Uddin, Rukhsana Roohi and Tayyab Jamil
...rioigib contortus, Desmostachya bipinnata, Desmostachya bipinnata, Saccharum spontaneum, Cymbopogonschoenanthus, Capparisdcidua and Chrysopogon montanus, Adhatoda vasica, Eleusine compressa. The communities were finally named by combining the physical and biological features....
Parvez Khawaja, I.A. Hafiz and M. I. Chaudhry
...ble timber is severely attacked by a leaf stitcher, Piesmopoda obliquifasciella (Hmps). Heavy infestation tarnish the beautiful look of the tree for which it is grown as well as destroy annual growth of the tree to the extent of 50-100% depending upon severity of infestation. For developing a control method safer to the environment a pathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Was tried against the larval stages of the pest. The ...
M. Ihsanur Rahman Khan
...t in this area and after tackling various problems suitably, a substantial amount of progress has been achieved in the agricultural development field in last about five years....
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
... Helix asperasa attacking nursery plants. Baylucid gave 75% and 100% mortality in 0.05% and 0.1% concentration respectively, 72 hours after treatments while Barestan gave 70% and 80% mortality in 0.1% and concentrations as against a natural mortality of 23% to 33%. Nogas and Sodium Chloride were less effective....
G. M. Baloch and M. A. Ghani
...es, Arceuthobium spp., attack coniferous forest trees (e.g., pines, fir, spruce, junipers, larch) while Viscuni spp. infest deciduous trees in parks, boulevard plantings, natural forests and orchards (e.g., olives, apples, almonds, cherries) (Gill and Hawksworth, 1961). Witchweeds, Striga spp., mostly damage graminaceous plants (e.g., sorghum, corn, sugarcane, pearl millet) (Greathead and Milner, 1971) while broomrapes, Orobanche spp, ...
Mahmood Iqbal Skeikh
...Ceratonia siliqua, Pistacia khinjuk and Sapindus mukorossi were treated with concentrated sulphuric acid for different periods of times....
Khial Badshah and Zakaullah
... were found severely attacked by a species of Fusarium causing longitudinal stripes on the stem and chlorotic spots on leaves which wilt and fall prematuiely. The pathogen was found to invade the plants through injured roots. Plant debris, infected young transplanting mateiial and seeds served as source of infection. The pathogen proved specific to Ocimum spp.

Vergouskii (1958) studied some peculiarities in the development of Fusa...

Mirza Hakim Khan Dr.
... grey limestone of midcretaceous period. The soil formed by the disintegration of rocks is generally fertile and varies from clay loam to sandy loam. ...
Zakaullah and Shahida Perveen
...and Punjab 37 were not attached. ...
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Wali-ur-Rehman
...veyed and insect pests attacking Juniperus excelsa were studied in three localities. Semanotus semenovi Okun, Anthaxia sp., Phloeosinus jubatus and Phloeosinus sp. were recorded feeding in bark and sapwood of dead and dying trees to various extent. Infestation of these was mostly restricted to Susnamana where the trees were weakened and killed by the attack of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium oxycedr...
M. Ismail Chaudhry, Nasrullah Khan and M. Arshad
...resistance against the attack of Coptotermes heimi Wasm., a most destructive and common termite. Based on the longevity of workers and soldiers released on saw dusts of these timbers. Cedrus deodara and Tectona grandis proved most resistant while Salmalia malabarica, Abies pindrow and Picea smithiana were the most susceptible timbers....
Amjad Mahmood Chima
... resistant to nematode attack differed in their multiplication rates....
Islam Mahmud Khan, Shaukat Islam and Qaisar Ali
...nditions. The point of attachment and the T.S. of the gynophores and ovary are given. The probable mode of inheritance is also discussed. ...
M.Ismail Chaudhry and Bashir Hussain Shah
... quite safe from their attack in hills. Unfortunately hybrid poplars are seriously attacked by poplar stem and root borer, Apriona cinerea Chev. in hilly areas....
Mohammad Shamsul Hasan Khan
... Dieldrin, Aldrin and Heptaclhor against white ants and wood borers have been recommended....
M. Farooq and Jalal-ud-Din
...soils is shown in the attached map. Schematic diagrams of the representative soil profiles are appended to this paper. This information could greatly help in the preparation of the forest working plan. ...
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Iqbal Ahmad
...and skeleton of leaves intact. It causes more than 90% leaf stitching when severe.
The moths from hibernating pupae emerge during March and copulate 10-20 hours after emergence. The duration of mating varies from 25 minutes to 8 hours. The moths start laying eggs 12 hours after mating. A single female on an average lays 163.5 eggs with a range of 71 to 264 eggs per female. The oviposition period varied from 3-5 days. Incubation period varied from 3 t...
Mohammad Shahid
...rly due to the insects attack, nor their damage was being realised as much as it is today, except the occasional sporadic outbreaks of certain pests that damaged his crops heavily. These sporadic outbreaks occurred perhaps due to the biotic potential or intrinsic rate at which such insects reproduced in the absence of environmental checks. But this happended only occasionally. Often the environmental complex of conditions i.e. biological and physical factors r...

Hafsa Tauqir1, Imran Ahmad2 and Muhammad Bilal Sadiq1*

...taxanthins (174 mg/L), betacyanins (265 mg/L) and TPC (2.78 mg GAE/g) were observed by extraction optimization. The antibacterial activity of the pomace extract was tested against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method and the zone of inhibitions observed were 29.7±0.6 mm, 31±1 mm and 30±3 mm respectively. Yogurt samples fortified with extract (2% and 4%) were prepared and underwent...
Malik F. H. Ferdosi1, Iqra Haider Khan2, *Arshad Javaid2, Muhammad Nadeem3 and
Ayesha Munir4
...div>stearate (1.57%), pentacosane (1.44%), phytol (1.33%), heptacos-1-ene (1.20%),
heneicosane (1.19%), and 1-hexacosene (1.09%). The remaining less abundant
compounds were present with peak areas less than 1%. Literature survey showed
that the major compounds identified in the flower extract of C. procera possess
various bioactivities including ant-diabetic, anticancer, antihy...
Muhammad Yahya1, Muhammad Ajmal Khan2, Fazle Subhan3, Ali Hazrat1*, Javed Khan5, Aftab
Amin4, Hayat Ullah1 and Tabinda Nowsheen1

Muhammad Idrees1, Wisal Muhammad Khan1*, Haroon Khan2, Arshad Iqbal1, Nosheen Umar3, Shah Khalid1 and Nisar Ahmad4

...Amaranthaceae and Cucurbitaceae each consisted of 6 species (2.52%), Caryophyllaceae and Chenopodiaceae each with 5 (2.10%) while rest of 23 families contributed by 1 species each (0.42%). The largest genera were Euphorbia (6 species), followed by Sonchus and Medicago (4 species) each. Therophytes were the dominant with 102 species (42.85%), followed by nanophanerophytes with 27 (11.34%), hemicryptophytes with 25 (10.50%), chamaephytes with 20 (8.40%), microph...

Saiful Islam1*, Muhammad Zubair Khan1 and Haroon Khan2

...sured with and without detached hydrophytes at each outlet from staff gauging. Frequency was based on days hydrophytes blockage observed divided by total time. It is concluded that the presence of hydrophytes decreased the performance of secondary canal, the hydrophytes and users’ interventions (like putting stones to affect flow) influenced the outlets performance by 80%. Furthermore trifurcators type outlets were more prone to influence by hydrophytes ...

Imania Ghaffar1, Ali Hussain2*, Arshad Javid1 and Shahid Mehmood1

...l mycelia blocking the attachment sites for heavy metals. Our findings will be helpful in designing an efficient bioremedial system mediated by the pollution-resistant microflora. More research is required to check the possible effects of microplastic pollutants on the fungal mycelia to exploit their maximum potential.

...

Saddam Hussain1, Muhammad Asrar2*, Usama Saleem2, Dilbar Hussain3, Muhammad Sohail Qadir3, Muhammad Saleem3, Rashid Ali2, Zeeshan Javed2 and Mubshar Saleem4

...ic materials. They can attack both buried and above-ground parts of plants. They bite and chew on tubers, young and old leaves, stems, lower branches of the plants, and peanut seeds. Termite infestation is a considerable problem in the livelihood of the farmers of Pakistan. Termite swarming is a major problem and revenue constraint in the area, destroying crops in the field and store. Forests and orchards are rarely termites free, particularly when conditions ...
Cristian Mendoza1*, Adriana Celi-Soto2, Ernesto Cañarte3 and George Cedeño-García2
...ncidence of root borer attacks by 40% compared to areas where these measures were not implemented. The pruned leaves placed on the plate proved to be a suitable alternative for pest control and showed one of the lowest application costs, that make it the best alternative for the integrated management of Sagalassa valida.
...

Chukwujekwu A. Obianefo1,2*, Ngozi J. Obiekwe1, Nma O. Okoroji3, Zahoor A. Shah4, Uzochukwu V. Uchemba5 and Ebele G. Osegbue5

...ools by advisors when contacting farmers. The ability of extension staff to disseminate agricultural information using electronic tools should always be evaluated. A structured questionnaire was used to randomly select 150 agricultural development program officers. Simple descriptive statistics, multinomial regression, and principal factor analysis were used for data analysis. According to the survey, ADP officials perceive e-extension as a cost-effective meth...

Maysoon S. Abbas, Shaimaa N. Yassein 

...s and humans in close contact.  

...
Shawky M Aboelhadid1*, Abdel-Azeem S Abdel-Baki2, Khaled M Hassan3
Samar M Ibrahium4, Saleh Al-Quraishy5, Ahmed O Hassan6 and Asmaa A Kamel1
...me oil. Regarding the contact and fumigant assays against adult T. castaneum, the combination of G and S achieved the best results when compared with GO alone or GN form. All treatments exhibited inhibition in the activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the house fly larvae 24h post application. In addition, all the treatments induced significant increase in the malondialdehyde activity. In conclusion, nanoemulsion tech and mixing GO+SO increased their inse...

Muhammad Ihsan Ullah2, Muhammad Hasnain1*, Muhmmad Luqman2, Hammad Hussnain2, Muhammad Tauseef2, Abrar Ahmad2, Muhammad Shahid2, Qaisar Abbas3, Mussurrat Hussain3, Ali Raza2, Muhammad Musadique Ahmad Khan4, Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5, Sajid Nadeem6

... every year due to the attack of these insect pests. The major goal of chemical control, which includes using different pesticides is to reduce yield losses in cotton crops. In order to identify an insecticide that could efficiently manage these sucking insect pests of cotton, the toxicity a few selected insecticides in the field have been assessed in current study. Six insecticides, when used alone or in a combination viz. chlothianidin 200ml/acre, spirotetra...

Norsida Man1*, Shin Yee Siaw2, Munifah Siti Amira Yusuf2 and Siti Azizah3

...ort dependency. Other obstacles include a lack of development, awareness, labour, technology, livestock farm facilities, and incompatibility of some cattle breeds. The study analysed cattle breeders’ expectations of veterinary extension services under the Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) Target Area Concentration (TAC) livestock integration program. A cross-sectional study use...

Iffat Ara Mahzabin, Mohammad Maruf Hasan*, Saifur Rahman, Md. Asaduzzaman Sarker and Md. Yeakub Ali

...turn, extension media contact, organizational participation, and attitude towards extension service providers were identified as the influential factors affecting their level of satisfaction. As most of the fishermen had a medium level of satisfaction, concerned authorities should be more careful and take the initiative to make the services easier and more effective for the fishermen to maintain this current level of satisfaction.

...

Mohammed Nasir Uddin1, Maimona Monir Jhilam1, Most Zannatun Nahar Mukta1, Zujaja Wahaj2, Mohammad Maruf Hasan1* and Samiha Khan3

...ticipation, and media contact were identified as the influential factors affecting the livelihood change of the wetland farmers and these factors accounted for 65.8% of the observed variation in the study’s focal issue. In terms of problems problems faced during the implementation of the crop interventions, 53% of the respondents reported facing medium-level problems. The most prominent problem reported by the respondents was ‘lack of technical kno...
Hai Thanh Nguyen1*, Cuong Kien Nguyen2, Duy Ba Ngo2, Anh Thi Ngoc Dang1*
...acid profile, and how to tackle the prevention of autoxidation to enhance pork value quality. It also provides insight into the underlying mechanisms of meat quality changes under the potential supplementation of ingredients with high UFAs.
 
Keywords | Antioxidants, Meat quality, Lipid oxidation, Rancidity, Unsaturated fatty acids
...

Mohammed Abdulameer Rashid Al-Sarray1, Hasanain Jihad Neamah2*, Sarah Gatea Fayyadh AL-Omairi1

Abdul Mannan1*, Naveed Iqbal1, Randhawa1, Abdul Hanan1 and Abdul Qadeer1

... the purpose of borers attack in IPM. This research was carried-out for the purpose of success various issuance of T.chilions in case of sugarcane insect attacks and observe the decay rate of sugarcane borers and such as control issuance by T. chilonis egg cards. The borers’ generation emerges out after 27 days, trichogramma cards T. chillions were installed with the duration after 10, 15, 20, days interval repeated an...

Shahida Naveed1, Salma2, Inayatullah Khattak3 and Khan Bahadar Marwat4

... species (6.55%). Cucurbitaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Malvaceae, Solanaceae and Zygophyllaceae were represented by two genera and two species each (3.27 %), while Papilionaceae has two genera with three species (4.91%). The remaining families were Araceae, Asphodelaceae, Boraginaceae, Cannabaceae, Commliniaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cyperaceae, Fumariaceae, Lamiace, Marsileaceae, Oxalidaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, Ranunculaceae and Scorphulariace...

Adsadawut Sanannam1, Worawatt Hanthongkul2, Yu-Jing Liao3, Kunlayaphat Wuthijaree4, Pattaraporn Tatsapong4, Amornrat Wanangkarn4,5, Anurak Khieokhajonkhet4,5, Niran Aeksiri4,5, Sureeporn Saengwong6, Wilasinee Inyawilert4,5*

...and resolving notable obstacles in the swine breeding industry.
 
Keywords | Vaginal cytology, Gelatin zymography, Pregnancy, Pig
...

Zhulmaydin C. Fachrussyah1*, Indra G. Ahmad2, Iin S. Lantu3, Arafik Lamadi2, Wila R. Nento3

...asites found had a low attack intensity (<1). More research is needed to examine the environment factors where the catfish were reared, the parasites discovered, and the economic losses caused by parasitic infection.
 
Keywords | Ectoparasites identification, Microscopy, Prevalence, Intensity biofloc, Catfish
...

Milivoje Uroševic1, Darko Drobnjak1, Radomir Mandic2* and Sava Lazic3

...ng mothers had visual contact with their foals. Milking was performed manually, and the amount of milk was determined by pouring it into a plastic measuring cup. Two milkings were performed two h apart. The average amount of milk obtained per day per donkey is 346.6 ml. There is a large variation interval between the minimum and maximum amount of milk obtained which indicates the heterogeneity of the individuals used in production and that there was no selecti...

Mohammed H. Asker*, Nagham S. Mohammed, Zinah S. Zamil  

...ided into four groups: intact rabbits receiving distilled water (Group 1), intact rabbits receiving oral vitamin C (10.166 mg/kg/B.W) (Group 2), ovariectomized rabbits receiving distilled water (Group 3), and ovariectomized rabbits receiving oral vitamin C (Group 4). All treatments were administered orally daily. At the end of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized, and kidney tissues were collected for RNA isolation....

Ashraf Samir Hakim1*, Doaa Diab Khalaf1, Engy Farahat1, Mohammed Darwish Mohammed1, Wahid Hussein El-Dabae1, Khaled Abd El-Hamid Abd El‑Razik2, Amany Nabil Dapgh3, Ehab Ali Fouad4, Hussein Ahmed Abuelhag1

... of animals in social contact with human as pets in the global increasing of resistance to antibiotics used in human infections therapy as carbapenems which is considered one of the human use last resorts. Extraintestinal Escherichia coli constitute the main etiologic factor implemented in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans and animals. The hypothesized risky role of companion animals in the load and dissemination of multidrug resistant uropathogenic E....

Abdulla A. Albishtue1,3, Nurhusien Yimer1,5*, Md Zuki A. Zakaria2, Abd Wahid Haron1, Abdul Salam Babji4

1Md. Faruq Hasan, 2Nazmunnahar Kolpona, 3*Atia Shahin, 3Md. Rayhan Sojib and 3Susmita Sarmin

... individual extension contact, training experience, educational qualification, farm size, annual income, and mass media contact, respectively. Thus, to enhance farmer engagement and trust in government extension services, policy formulation should be aimed at proactive and collaborative communication, emphasising tailored solutions, building a strong extension network, maintaining transparency, arranging digital platforms, t...
Phuong-Thao Ho1, 2, Thi Tuong Vy Nguyen3, Ngoc Hai Tran3 and Tran Van Giang4*
...ater than 100 fibrous tentacles around their mouth and 15-17 longitudinal bands running along the body wall. Besides, we detected significant differences body mass, body length, introvert length, BM/BL and IL/BL ratios but not trunk length and diameter, number of tentacles, and longitudinal muscular bands of those thriving at different habitats. Additionally, we examined the growth pattern for the Vietnamese sipuncula using ...

Samah Abou Asa1, Omnia Tag2 and Walid Elmonir2*

...ues to detect encysted metacercariae (EMC) of Heterophyids in mullet (n= 50) and tilapia (n= 50) fish and describe their pathological effect on fish meat quality. Also, knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) related to fish-borne parasitic zoonoses among 100 residents in Kafrelsheikh Governorate were also investigated. The overall prevalence of EMC infection in examined fish was 32% (32/100): 44% (22/50) in mullet and 20% (10/50) in tilapia fish samples. The...
Anum Razzaq*, Tariq Mahmood, Ammara Saman, Ammara Baig, Nadeem Munawar and Muhammad Farooq
...n (Khabbal grass), Desmostachya bipinnate (Baron dhab), Artemisia dubia etc. along with some fodder crops like Sorghum bicolour (Sorghum), Zea mays (Maize), Brassica campestris (Mustard) etc. The summer diet (non-crop season) was comparatively less diversified than the diet of the cropping season (spring) and there was a significant difference in the diets of this rat species during cropping and non-cropping period. The gerbil also supplemented its diet with i...

Krishna Adhikari1, Suman Poudel1 and Manoj K. Shah2

...-old, non-descript and intact male dog was brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a history of being hit by a vehicle, followed by limping and holding of the right hind limb. The radiographic x-ray image of the affected limb revealed a closed, diaphyseal, overriding, oblique femur fracture. The dog underwent open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) using a simple intramedullary (IM) Steinmann pin and orthopedic cerclage wire. The dog was regularly exa...

Ahmed Jamil Abid*, Ahlam Jaber Hamza 

...ral epicardium and was attached to the heart, and epicardium was covered by single layer simple epithelial tissue. The endocardium was thin and inner layer, the composed of three layers (endothelial the simple squamous epithelial tissue, subepithelial and subepicardial). At the six-month age of animals, morphologically the heart was a muscular cone in shape with a sharp apex, the heart was located in the thoracic cavity and extended from the 3rd to 6th ribs, t...

Md Kamrul Hasan1,2, Hong-Seok Mun1,3, Keiven Mark Bigtasin Ampode1,4, Eddiemar Baguio Lagua1,5, Hae-Rang Park1,5, Young-Hwa Kim6, Md Sharifuzzaman1,7, Chul-Ju Yang1,5*

...rmers to overcome the obstacles. The application of DT is limited in monitoring animal behavior and farm environment. However, DT technology has the potential for broader use, such as predicting growth, feed consumption, and improving the supply chain. Although these new areas are yet to be explored in real farm conditions. Along with expanding the new area of using DT in livestock farm management, future collaborative research should concentrate on creating n...

Manar Mousa Alhussein*, Eman Faisal Albghdady

...sected, the epididymis detached from the testis, and the weight and length were taken, then divided into three divisions (caput, corpus, and cauda) for histopathological study. HandE staining was used to detect general structures and histopathological changes. Special stains are used to detect collagen fibers, and mucopolysaccharide. The treated group (G2) shows a significant reduction in total length of epididymis and segments, as well as a non-significant dr...

Mohamed T. A. Soliman1, Hadeer M. Shosha2, Hala M. Ebaid2, Heba Nageh Gad El-Hak2, Heba M.A. Abdelrazek3*

Satya Narayana Rao Ramasamy1,2, Assis Kamu3 and Connie Fay Komilus1*
 
...stically. Meanwhile, crustacean crab is produced about 40 % and it being discharged about 60 % to 80 % as biomass into the environment. As this waste contains protein that could enhance growth rate, it could be a good choice to be used as alternate source of feed for fighting fish. The objectives of this study are to determine proximate composition in formulated fish feed using crustacean waste and to examine effect of crab ...

Abeer S. Hafez1, Shereen M. Aly1, Dalia M. A. Elmasry2*, H. A. Hussein3, Marwa A. Abdelmagid4

... 21and28 days old with intact villi and few lymphocytic infiltrations. Indeed, using of PN as an additive with vaccine application in chickens will be of add value in term of growth, immune status and organs health.
 
Keywords: Propolis, Nanoemulsion, Growth performance, Immunity, Pathological finding
...

Zuhaib Nishtar1, Wang Fangzong1,  Nan Yang1 and Jamil Afzal2*

... synergies and future obstacles, this study explores the future situation of wildlife conservation and renewable energy interaction in Pakistan. In light of Pakistan’s efforts to attain sustainable development goals and solve urgent environmental challenges, the intersection of wildlife conservation and renewable energy has emerged as a vital nexus. This article reveals significant prospects for integration and collaboration through a thorough examinatio...

Song Jiang1,2,3, Zhenhua Ma1,2, Falin Zhou1,2, Xu Chen1, Jing Hu1, Rui Yang1, Shengjie Zhou1, Yundong Li2 and Qibin Yang1*

...rine shrimp Artemia (crustacean, Anostraca), acute toxicity parameters were assessed. The analysis revealed a highest level of toxicity for bleaching powder followed by dibromohydantoin, methionine iodine and glutaraldehyde. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of bleaching powder, dibromohydantoin, methionine iodine and glutaraldehyde were 14.24 mg/L, 28.21 mg/L, 55.01 mg/L and 68.51 mg/L, respectively after 24 h of treatment. However, 48 h post-treatment,...
Mat Zin Ain-Auzureen1, Maizan Mohamed1, Tan Li Peng1, Mohd Faizal Ghazali2, Choong Siew Shean1, Kamaruddin Mardhiah3, Najiah Musa4, Nora Faten Afifah Mohamad5, Chai Min Hian2 and Ruhil Hayati Hamdan1*
...hagic eyes, pale skin, detachable scales, pale liver and enlarged spleen. Twenty-six isolates of V. alginolyticus were containing chiA (100%) and 96% of colA genes. None of the isolates possess hlyA, toxRVH, toxRVC, and trh-tdh genes. MVGi were varying from 0.16 to 0.33. In addition, 18 antibiotic resistance patterns were identified, and the MARi ranged from 0.05 to 1. It is alarming that s...

Sherine Abbas1, Heba M.A. Abdelrazek2*, Eman M. Abouelhassan3, Nayrouz A. Attia4, Haneen M. Abdelnabi4, Seif El-Eslam E. Salah4, Abdelrahman M. Zaki4, Mohamed A. Abo- Zaid4, Nadia A. El-Fahla5

El-Sayed I. Hassanein1, Abdallah E. Metwally1, Hossam Eldin M. Abd Elbaky1*, Walaa Fathy Saad Eldin2

Hammad Ali, Basheer Ahmad, Asim Karim*, Saifullah and Salman Ahmad 

...is, Dodonaea viscosa, Pistacia integerrima, Juglans regia, and Populus ciliata, albeit in smaller amounts ranging from 0.51% to 0.962%. The study’s key discovery was that, in comparison to other types of forests, the species diversity in the chir pine forest was comparatively low. This implies that a small number of important species, mainly Pinus roxburghii, dominate the ecosystem of the chir pine forest. The study also mentioned the comparatively high ...

Rehan Ullah1, Fazli Rahim1, Muhammad Sajid1, Shakir Ullah2*, Shahab Ali2, Lubna Shakir3, Mohammad Sohail4 and Ghani Subhan5

...ly, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Moraceae, Papilionaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Rutaceae were represented by 5 species each, while Euphorbiaceae, Labiatae, Malvaceae, and Rhamnaceae each had 4 species. The leaves of the plants were predominantly used in preparing therapeutic remedies, most commonly administered orally as decoctions. However, traditional collection practices and inadequate post-harvest handling often reduced the...
Arbab Waseem Abbas1*, Waseem Ullah Khan1, Huda Nauman1, Khalid Saeed2 and Syed Mujtaba Abbas Zaidi3
...ring OCR performance. To tackle this, an image database of isolated Pashto characters was created. Pashto text samples were generated in Microsoft Word, with images saved in Bitmap (BMP) format for processing. These images were preprocessed, converting them to binary form and removing noise. These preprocessed images were then segmented into their constituent characters by the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm measure pixels strength to segment words ...

Muhammad Waqas1*, Razia Bashir1, Haroon Ali2, Arslan Shahzad1 and Tehmina Saddique3

...ss particle size, and contact time on the percentage yield of extracted lipids were studied and analyzed. The study showed that algae from agricultural runoff had the highest lipid extraction efficiency at 3.9%, while industrial effluent samples had the lowest at 3.56%. The hot plate magnetic stirrer method achieved 1.38% efficiency. An algae to n-Hexane ratio of 1:3 and smaller particle sizes yielded higher lipid extractions. The findings suggest that the Hot...

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