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Josef D. Jarhult1, 2

...ients shortens influenza symptoms with approximately 24 hours, and increases nausea and vomiting by 3-5%. Whether oseltamivir treatment has an effect on the frequency of influenza complications or not remains controversial. Oseltamivir is still standard as prophylaxis, treatment of severely ill patients and patients with risk factors for severe influenza disease as well as an important part of pandemic preparedness plans. Resistance development is a potential ...

Hira Akhter1, Bilal Aslam2*, Naveed Shahzad3, Tanzeela Farooq4, Muhammad Umer5 and Muhammad Hidayat Rasool2

...yers without showing any symptoms.

...
Abdul Aziz Khan1,*, Shahid Munir2 and Irfan Ahmed2
...nd internal pathological symptoms were similar as has been described for warfarin and brodifacoum. The bleeding period ranged from 8.06 to 12.94 nights with 13% variation in time. Based upon the total consumption of coumatetralyl bait, 400-450 wild boars were estimated as killed during the operation. The results of the study showed that coumatetralyl is a promising and potential alternate to sodium flouroacetate compound (1080) for managing wild boar populatio...
Matiyar Rahaman Khan1,*, Sabyasachi Pal2, Ghule Tushar Manohar2, Somnath Bhattacharyya3, Amit Singh4, Prahlad Sarkar5 and Samuel Lalliansanga6
...d plants showed declined symptoms and poor fruit yield. Infested plants displayed stunting and yellowing and thick-root symptoms. The association of the root knot nematode species was identified based on observations on morphology of different life stages, beta-esterase phenotype and amplification of rDNA and partial sequence homology of ITS-1and ITS-2. Host differential tests confirmed the race 2 of M. incognita infe...

Shams Ur Rehman, Muhammad Arif and Abdul Mateen 

 

Soil-borne viruses in major potato growing areas of Pakistan
... basis of characteristic symptoms expression, bait test, infectivity assays and double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Both the viruses were prevalent in Hazara and Malakand divisions. The average symptoms based incidence in Hazara divi-sion for PMTV was 8.83% and TRV was 6.80% while in Malakand division the average symptoms based inci-dence for PMTV was 8....
Muhammad Mansoor, Zaigham Abbas and Nageen Husssain*
...e. We detected increased symptoms of arthritis and gastrointestinal tract involvement in gluten containing diet group compared with standard diet disease control group. ANA autoantibodies, C3c and renal damage between gluten and standard diet group was non-significant. The remission of SLE manifestations was observed in prednisone treated group except renal damage. From the study it was concluded that gluten intake could worsen the clinical manifestations in S...
Mehran Kausar1,2, Naveed Ashraf3, Farzana Hayat4, Asraf Hussain Hashmi1, Saima Siddiqi1,* and Mariam Anees2
...Pakistan presenting with symptoms of multiple recurrent fractures, short stature, increased bone density and stubby hands. We performed direct sequencing of CTSK for five members of the family to find out the causative mutation. All coding exons of CTSK gene were amplified and sequenced in the affected and unaffected individuals of a consanguineous Pakistani family consisting of five members, three affected brothers, one unaffected sister and the...

Warda Fatima1 , Shahida Hasnain1 , Saqib Mahmood2

 

... the basis of psychiatricsymptoms and till now no biochemical test is available for its diagnosis. It is considered one of the most costlydisease in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Its heritability content is considered to be up to 80% but still it isunknown whether it’s a pure genetic disease. It is considered a polygenic multifactorial condition where both genes and environment have roles in disease development. In the present study we selected a fam...
Tania Ahmed Shakoori1,*, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Asif Hanif2, Saima Mukhtar3 and Ayesha Ghauri4 
...on the basis of clinical symptoms and a post bronchodilator values of FEV1/FVC<0.70 on spirometry. Frequent exacerbator’s were defined as patients experiencing 2 or more exacerbation episodes per year, which merited visited to the hospital. Average number of hospital visits for exacerbations per year, smoking history, family history of smoking related chronic lung disease in first degree relatives and presence of comorbidities were recorded from patie...

Aneeza Jamshed1* and Syed Amir Gillani2 

...effects on liver 92.9%), symptoms (88%), prevention in high prevalent areas (sterilized syringes and screened blood transfusion 86.5%) and management (88.7%). This study showed that it may be an important school health based intervention to educate students about the transmission, prevention and management of hepatitis C, which may help in declining the disease burden. Hepatitis C, Unsterilized syringes, Hepatitis C Awareness, Prevention of Hepatitis C. <...
Alim-un-Nisa1*, Sajila Hina1, Sania Mazhar1, Imran Kalim1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Naseem Zahra1, Shahid Masood1, Muhammad Khalid Saeed1, Qurat-ul-Ain Syed1 and Maida Asif2
...nsumption as no clinical symptoms were observed in rabbits after giving the maximum dose of 1000ml of color.
...

 S. Talat Gilani*, Shahid Hameed* and Hussain Shah* 

OCCURANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF POTY VIRUSES INFECTING GARLIC IN PAKISTAN
...osaic and chlorotic spot symptoms of the disease resemble the viral infection in garlic reported to occur worldwide. Altogether 690 samples were collected from 29 locations of Punjab and 40 locations of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa to determine the prevalence of Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus (OYDV) and Leek Yellow Stripe Virus (LYSV). Serological testing DAS-ELISA technique was used to test the samples collected from the farmer fields. Based on the DAS-ELISA poty viruses OYD...
Aitezaz Ahsan1*, Muhammad Usman1, Ihsan Ullah2, Aamer Bin Zahur3 and Adnan Rasheed Malik4
...sides clinical signs and symptoms of PPR various diagnostic assays, both serological and molecular, have been developed and are applied for estimating the current status of the disease. This review article focuses on the development of different molecular diagnostic assays from conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcriptase loop mediated isothermal amplificatio...
Maaz Ahmad1*, Mussab Ahmad2 and Tehreem Munir3
...ing or chronic dyspeptic symptoms in the absence of structural organic lesions. Approximately 15-20% of the general population in many developed countries suffers from dyspeptic symptoms at any time in a year, whereas in Pakistan, 14-22 % of general population suffers from FD. 
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of carica papaya extract (CP) in preventing functional dyspe...
Taimoor Akram Khan1*, Anam Farooq2, Amna Farooq3, Muhammad Nasir1, Gohar Khan4 and Ali Akram Khan1
...5 (31.2%) presented with symptoms of respiratory system. Certain systems were more involved in females than males like musculoskeletal system (257 v/s 113), respiratory system (377 v/s 358) and especially the genitourinary system (50 v/s 5).
Conclusions: Addressing and treating the diseases presenting at this basic level (BHU) can prove to be very useful in reducing patient load at the level of tertiary care and teaching hospitals.
...
Matiyar Rahaman Khan1,*, Sabayasachi Pal2, Amit Singh2, Ashok Dhananjaybhai Patel3, Bhagubhai Ambaram Patel3Tushar Manohar Ghule2 and Victor Phani1
...a and its diagnostic symptoms on some hosts (citrus and Bt-cotton) was recorded and the nematode species was authentically identified as Meloidogyne indica Whitehead, 1968 which was first time described on citrus from Delhi, India. The species is further characterized based on detailed morphological, morphometric descriptions and beta-esterase phenotyping. The present study elucidated information on M. indica for its easy detection, diagnosis...

Ghulam Abbas1, Khalid Pervez Akhtar1, Muhammad Ahsan2, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Fiaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Rizwan3* 

...ngs by visual scoring of symptoms to calculate percent disease index (PDI). Tested recombinants responded differently to the disease. None of the tested genotypes was found to be disease free (field immune). However, combined data showed that 43 genotypes were highly resistant with 1.18 to 10 PDI while 29 were resistant with 10.24 to 24.85 PDI. Mung Kabuli (positive control) showed susceptible response with PDI value of 60 %. Thus 43 highly resistant genotypes...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4,    Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...owledge regarding signs, symptoms and the zoonotic nature of the infection. Three primary signs (persistent cough, weight loss and fever) were recognized by 4.7% of respondents including herd owners, herders and animal handlers. This study calls for instant measures for disease control among the animals and humans of the study area, and highlight the need for farmer education regarding bovine tuberculosis.
...

Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Syed Burhan-ud-Din2, Muhammad Fahad Khan1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3, Azhar Ali Khan3 and Naila Ilyas1

...uating the appearance of symptoms and detection of virus titter through ELISA. Different concentrations of SA and BTH were exogenously applied to activate the inherent resistance of mungbean by the production of defense associated compounds. All treatments were supportive in suppressing plant infection as compared to infected control, but the most promising outcome of treatments was observed when SA and BTH were applied at the concentration of 5mM and 150mg/L ...

 Attaur Rahman1, Sadeeq ur Rahman1,*, Ashfaq Ahmad2, Abdul Sajid1, Muhammad Asif Hussain1, Mian Muhammad Salman1, Niamat Ullah Khan1, Kamran Khan3, Fazli Rabbani1, Muhammad Akbar Shahid4, Irshad Ahmad5 and Shakoor Ahmad6

...t, FAdV-4 caused similar symptoms and lesions in ostriche, however, mortality remained comparatively lower.

...
Syeda Ain-ul-Batool1, Sadia1, Kathrin Blasius2,3,4, Angela Kaindl2,3,4 and Ghazanfar Ali1,*
...s family having clinical symptoms of BBS9 is described in current study. Mutation was detected in BBS9 on chromosome 7p14.3 using whole exome sequencing (WES). A splice acceptor site mutation (c.1131G>A) in exon 3 was revealed by Sanger sequencing.
...
Shamsudin Bojang1, Idris Abd Ghani2, Jugah Kadir1, Adamu Saidu Paiko1, Yasir Iftikhar3 and Muhammad Kamran3,4,*
...nematode. Both the field symptoms and SEM micrographs confirmed that the nematode isolate was M. graminis. Since this nematode has been known to damage the greens and other plants in other part of the world then the probability for the specie to adapt to other hosts other than the family of poaceae under Malaysian climate should not be discounted. Therefore, screening and restriction of movement of planting materials be observed critically.
...
Asima Rani1,*, Syed Kashif Nawaz2 and Muhammad Arshad3
...may develop mild malaria symptoms in AG carriers of rs8177400 polymorphism in the Pakistani population.
...

Shazia Akhtar1, Abdul Samad1*, Afshan Gohar1, Muhammad Munir Shahid2, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Arslan Sarwer1, Adnan Khan1 and Karam Ahad1 

... and pesticides toxicity symptoms among the field workers. Over all 72 orchards from 26 Union Councils were covered. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 21 and sample collection points were presented on map by using software Arc GIS. The response of interviewers was high which indicates their intentions to facilitate the present study. It was found that 12 varieties of peachs are being grown in the selected area. A total 28 pesticides were found which are being us...
Rafia Sadaf1, Ishrat Younus2*, Sidra Maqbool2, Talha Bin Fayyaz3Sarah Jameel Khan1, Sidra Siddique1 and Rida Fatima1
...kg produces no signs and symptoms related to toxicity and also no mortality was observed. Antianxiety activity of Pulsatilla nigricans was examined by using elevated plus-maze paradigm and hole-board paradigm in rats at two different doses i.e. 250 and 500 mg/kg, and significant anxiolytic effects were observed as compare to control.
...

Shilong Chen1,2, Shifeng Xiao1,2, Shao Wang1,2, Fengqiang Lin1,2, Xiaoxia Cheng1,2, Xiaoli Zhu1,2, Dandan Jiang1,2, Shaoying Chen1,2* and Fusong Yu3* 

...n epidemiology, clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, genomic organization and pathogenesis. However, the pathogenesis mechanisms of cross-species transmission, retardation and beak atrophy are still needed to be elucidated. 

...
Samia Afzal*,Sadia Zahid, Iram Amin, Muhammad Shahid and Muhammad Idrees
...at has typical signs and symptoms of high fever, headache, hemorrhage and body rashes. Although in the past decade millions of people in several continents like Asia, Africa and some islands of Indian Ocean have faced the major outbreaks of Chikungunya virus because of its travel associated febrile nature. An inexplicable paralyzing disease has trapped thousands of people in Karachi region of Pakistan and the symptomatology among suspected cases was compatible...

Shah Nawaz Khuhro1*, Irshad Ali Junejo1, Muhammad Haroon Hullio1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan2, Sultan Ahmed Maitlo3 and Mukhtiar Ahmed Shaikh

...t pests and their damage symptoms. Majority of farmers also do not read, fallow up label direction of registered pesticide and hazardous indications and majority of farmers did not adopt pest scouting practices. Many farmers disposed pesticide containers and bottles on insecure places and not adopted proper storage, handling, protective devices and most of them did not used any other alternate practices as bio pesticides, bio-control enhancement practices to c...

Hasaan Aziz*, Fariha Altaaf, Attia Bashir, Abdul Basit, Syed Anam Masood Gardazi and Farah Haider 

...ng clinically suggestive symptoms. With a characteristic amino acid residue for dog at Y549, sequence analysis showed geographically distinct pattern clustering the study strain to clade Asia-2 but clearly distinct from vaccine strains. Though limited and preliminary data, the findings enhance our knowledge towards CDVs circulating in Pakistan. Further studies are much necessary to ascertain genetic characteristics of CDVs over a wide geographical area of the ...
Sitara Nawaz1, Shamaila Irum1, Haroon Ahmed2, Shazia Shamas1, Sadia Roshan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi4, Irfan Ullah5*, Gulnaz Parveen3*
...nancial status, clinical symptoms, and travel history. The sandflies also collected and identified. Out of 350 sandflies two genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were reported, P. segenti was most abundant specie and a strong positive linear correlation exists between sandflies collected and the patients reported from the area. It was observed that as the number of sandflies increased, the number of patients with Leishmaniasis increased, an...

Muhammad Riaz1*, Naureen Akhtar1, Salik Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Shakeel1,2 and Ateeq Tahir1

Neocosmospora rubicola: An Unrecorded Pathogen from Pakistan Causing Potato Stem Rot
...ants. Appearance of same symptoms and re-isolation of N. rubicola from infected tissue confirmed Koch’s pathogenicity postulates. Association of N. rubicola causing stem rot in potato is never reported before in Pakistan.

...
Kui Li1, Lijun Li1, Jialun Fu2, Yi He2, Zhaohui Song2, Shuiping Zhou2Luobu Gesang1* and Rui Liu2*
...es for comprehensive AMS symptoms in the group receiving CDDPs indicated lower occurrence than those in the placebo (CON) group. It is noteworthy that, on day 3 (arrival at Lhasa, altitude 3658 m), AMS symptoms (LLSS=3.79) in the CON group had clearly aggravated (P=0.0475) in contrast to those in the group with administration of CDDPs (LLSS=2.31). Besides, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) value for those taking C...
Yan Wen1, Liu Lian2, Zhuang Xun3, Murong Jiaying4, Cui Shuyi1, He Wanwen1, Mai Guanghuai5, Huang Wenzhu1, Chen Gang1,* and Wang Zhijun1,*
...capacity, lung function, symptoms, psychological state, and the Body-Mass Index, Airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise (BODE) comprehensive index of the patients before and after the treatment were assessed. After treatment, the intra-group 6-minute walk test (6MWT), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), the Medical Research Council (MRC) Dyspnea Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the H...

Ummad ud Din Umar1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ishfaq Ahmed1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar2, Sibghat Ullah3, Shah Pasand4, Zehri Khan3 and Abdur Rehman5

Prevalence and Serological Detection of Spiroplasma citri, a Cause of Citrus Stubborn Disease in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
...ive disease which causes symptoms mostly similar to citrus greening is present in all areas of South Punjab. Layyah, and Multan showed maximum incidence of CSD with “11.66” and “5.66%” respectively while least incidence was observed in District Bhakkar (03%) and District Khanewal with (02%) incidence. Sweet orange and grape fruit depicted themselves as susceptible ones showing maximum disease with “18.33” and minimum “...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Obinna Oragwa Arthur2, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1, Sarah Joseph1, Geoffrey Chibueze1, Joshua Adetunji1, Joseph Ameh Okwori3, David Ochola Amanyi4, Otobo I. Ujah5 and Onyemocho Audu6

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection among Slaughtered Ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria
... the absence of clinical symptoms in animals sampled, suggesting the need to set up early warning surveillance and prevention/control strategies to mitigate the risk of unexpected outbreaks.

...
Hamida Sarwar1, Kousar Perveen1,Rida Mazhar2, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Amir Gilani3
...o assess the severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, distress, and insomnia; and then conferred as numbers and percentages. A significant proportion of doctors, nurses, and paramedics reported symptoms of anxiety (38.3%), depression (58.9%), insomnia (45.2%), and distress (61.64%). Overall data collected showed that the ratio of symptoms was comparatively high among nurses than doctor...
Ashara Sajid1, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Saeed Rauf 2, Zahoor Hussain3, Salman Ahmad1 and Yasir Iftikhar1,*
...rgodha district based on symptoms. Random samples of trees within orchards were scored based on characteristic symptoms like blotchy mottle, lopsided unripe fruits, and aborted seeds were observed. The highest incidence of 26% was recorded in Kot Momin, while the lowest incidence of 4.6% was found in Sahiwal. Among the cultivars, the highest disease incidence in mosambi (C. sinensis)and Kinnow (C. reticulate
Asma Chaudhary1, Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad1, Afia Muhammad Akram1, Sadia Roshan2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3*
...se dependent manner with symptoms like hemorrhage, swelling of the belly and anus, scale damage etc. The pathogen challenged fish were administered with Sphingomonas sp.AsCh-P3 (group-G1) and B. aerius AsCh-A7 (group-G2) treated feed in different experimental set ups. Highest Relative Percent Survival (80-90%) was recorded for fish receiving probiotic feed prior and after injection (G1b, G2b). Provision of probiotics was evident to alleviate path...

Ahmed A. Kheder

...cies, different types of symptoms have been observed associated to virus infection on indicator hosts; Mentha spicata, Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana tabacum cv. White Burley and Vicia faba after 15, 18, 20 and 22dpi respectively. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify ~497bp for coat protein gene in RNA 2, the amplified product was confirmed with direct sequences. Phylogenetic analysis results indicated that SLRSV-Eg isola...

 Ramadan, F. Abbas1;H.M.Salem1; M.H. Belal2, and A. M. M. Abd-Alla3*

...e="text-align: justify;">symptoms of the MdSGHV. Examination of the SGH suspension with
Electron microscopy revealed the presence of rod-shape virus particles
with 500-700 nm in length and 50-70 nm in diameter. PCR analysis of
SGH homogenate with virus specific primer pair resulted in DNA
fragment with expected size as previously mention in literature. These
data demonstrate the presence of the saliva...

Mokbel, Samah A.1,Ahmed K. El Attar1; Azza G.Farag2.

...ts showed characteristic symptoms for Phytoplasma associated
witches‟-Broom disease, which is characterized by excessive axillary branching,
abnormally small leaves, and deformed flowers. Dienes‟ stain was used for detection of
witches‟ broom infection midribs of the symptomatichibiscus plant. The phloem of
infected tissues showed scattered area stained bright blue. Molecular detection utilizing

K.A. El-Dougdoug1, A.R. Sofy2, A.A. Mousa2 and E.E. Refaey2

...
different external symptoms, the severity infection and virus concentration. Expressed protein
was differed in leaves of potato cultivars. Since PVY infection unexpectedly increased in
(Anabel, Sisi, Lady Balfor, Nicola and Execusa) or decrease of total protein in (Hermes and
Spunta). The potato cultivars (healthy and infected) varied in number and density of protein
bands. As well as specific bands with 72...

Om-Hashem M. El-Banna1, Maisa A.E. Awad2, M.S. Abbas3, Hoda M. A. Waziri2 and Huda S. A. Darwish2

... rings and sinuous lines symptoms. The virus was checked in the suspected samples by ELISA using the specific antiserum. Anatomical and ultrastructure changes in leaf tissues of both Tomato and Grapevine artificially infected with Tomato ringspot virus were studied by light and electron microscopy. By light microscopy viral infection resulted in the presence of amorphous inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of infected leaves.Phloem tissues were also affected by ...

Amel, S.M. Abo-Senna1; M.A. Nasr-Eldin2; B.A. Othman3 and A.A. Megahed4

... showing severe systemic symptoms. The isolated virus has wide host range belonging to 4 families resulting systemic and local symptoms. Stability of the isolated virus in vitro was found as 55 oC for TIP, 10-4 for DEP and LIV 4 days. The characteristic spectrophotometric data of the highly purified virus showing that maximum and minimum absorbance was 250 and 260 nm respectively; the ratio for A280/A260 was 1.004; and the A...

Aly M. Abdel-Salam

...overnorates showing leaf symptoms of pronounced flecks or freckles and vein
banding which turn later to chlorotic and necrotic strips. Polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) utilizing degenerate primers for badnaviruses for the reverse trancriptase,
RT/RNase genome regions of ORF III detected the virus in infected sugarcane leaves
and in its vector Saccharicoccus sacchari and in another unidentified
Pseudoco...
Eman A. Ahmed1, Osama Y. Shalaby2, Emad F. Dwidar2, Samah A. Mokbel1, Ahmed K. El-Attar1 
...ato plants, which showed symptoms of big bud,
witches'-broom and phyllody, in all regions of the screened governorates, reacted
positively when assayed by nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR) using universal
phytoplasma-specific primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2. Similar assays were used
to detect phytoplasma interactions with experimentally host plant. Dienes’ stain was also
used for detec...

AdlyAbd-Alla1,2, MahaNada3, Francois Cousserans1, and Max Bergoin1

...>induced similar disease symptoms and bioassay experiment confirmed virus concentration
response mortality. Injection of a purified virus suspension to third instar larvae of Galleria
melonella and Spodopteralittoralis failed to induce any mortality indicating that the virus is
most likely host specific to N. viridula. This virus is similar to the previously reported NVV-1
virus in N. viridula from South Africa s...
M. A. Kararah1, Om-Hashem M. El-Banna1, Salwa N. Zein2 and Abd-Elrehiem, A.F.3 
...and choloratic ring spot symptoms, which
had been grown in the experimental fields of Giza Agricultural Research
Experimental Station (A.R.E.S) in 2008. Identification studies based on host
range, symptomatology and seed transmission through cowpea and different
hosts belong to Fabaceae.The results indicated that the host range of the
virus was expanded to seven different plant families. The virus was...

Maryam Yousaf1, Salman Ahmad1*, Romana Anjum2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3

...s control. First disease symptoms appeared after seven days of inoculation and seedlings became wilted within 30 days post inoculation. Stems from wilted as well as control seedlings were cross sectioned to observe the histopathological modifications. Wilted cross sections represented the cell wall disintegration and disruption of the tissues along with the blockage in xylem and phloem vessels due to the tylone production. Hyphal growth and proliferated hyphae...

Megahed, A.A.1; Kh. A.El-Dougdoug2 and B.A. Othman2

...010/2011), upon external symptoms. All samples were distributed in 8 symptomatic groups in the forms of: vein clearing, mottling, mosaic, blisters, leaf curling, stunting, yellowing and necrosis. Depending on the external symptoms, the present study revealed that, the total of expected and recorded viruses was five sugar beet viruses (CMV, BtMV, BNYVV, BCTV and BYV). The highly incidence percentage was recorded to BCTV (53.3...

Sahar A. Youssef1; Manal A. El-Shazly1,2; Azza G.Farag1,3; Eman A. Khattab1,2

... range of foliar disease symptoms including necrotic spots, wavy lines, oak leaf pattern, leaf deformation, reduction in number and diameter of flowers , color breaking and necrotic spots on flower petals .The virus was biologically purified from single local lesion formed on Chenopodium quinoa. The isolated virus was identified on the basis of symptomatology, transmissibility, serological tests and molecular technique. The virus was identified serologically b...

Manal A. El-Shazly1. M. I .Kobeasy2and Sarah H . Altalhi3

...the first time. Observed symptoms circumvented mosaic, curling, bronzing and/or purpling, chlorosis and necrotic spot on the leaves. Disease symptoms of infected fruits produced from inoculated healthy tomato seedling showing discoloration, faint concentric rings, necrotic and chlorotic spot on mature tomato fruits. The virus was biologically purified from a single local lesion formed on Chenopodium amaranticolor Caste &...

Aly M. Abdel-Salam

...omovirus genera. Induced symptoms are mostly of the yellow-type disease symptoms. Previous observation indicated that co-infection of cucurbits with these viruses was very common and may lead to severe problems in virus diagnosis. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to characterize biologically, serologically, and molecularly one Crinivirus viz. Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) and one Ipomovirus viz. Cuc...

Salama M. El-Saghir1, 2

...>to potatoes causes mild symptoms, viz. rugosity, mosaic, stunting, leaf bronzing, and early
leaf dropping. Heavy losses; however, can occur upon mixed infection with PVS and PVX or PVM.
Objective: The objective of this study is to characterize the incidence of PVS serologically with
authentic antiserum for PVS and, molecularly using specific primers for PVS.
Methods: In-direct ELISA (I-ELISA) and dot blotting im...

Salama M. El-Saghir1, 2

...es in Egypt. Distinctive symptoms with
PNRSV are necrotic ring spots on leaves, bud failure and poor quantity and quality of fruits. Upon
continuous observation of peach trees previously known to be infected with PNRSV, additional
suspected symptoms of phytoplasma infection were detected. These involved leaf yellowing and
withering, reduction in fruit size, malformation of frui...
Rasha M. Mahrous1,4, Ahmed K. El-Attar2, Ahlam A. AlWatban1, Sohair I. EL-Afifi3,
Nagwa M. Aref1,3

Maha A. El-Abhar1, Moustafa A. Elkady1, Khaled M. Ghanem2, Hussieny A. Bosila3

...ch produces a variety of symptoms. It can cause problems in potato
in some regions where vectors easily move into potato fields from reservoir host, particularly if a tuber
necrosis-causing strain is involved.
Objective: : The purpose of this study is to characterize biologically and serologically AMV infecting
potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Egypt. Moreover, the study described the histological and cytological<...
Sahar Mubashar*, Tariq Mukhtar and Nasir Ahmad Khan
... to WHO, the most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, sore throat, fatigue and diarrhea and shortness of breath in severe cases. The virus attacks throat, lungs and trachea converting them to virus factories to infect more cells. It attacks not only lungs but also other vital organs of the body like kidneys and heart. It is spread from human to human through respiratory droplets or direct contact. Moreover, there have been reports of the mixed infection of c...
Roheela Yasmeen1*, Nida Mobeen1 and Samia Chaudhry2
...r problems showed severe symptoms of this disease and have greater chance of death. This review article especially pays attention on cardiovascular symptoms of COVID-19 and its enhanced effect on patients with already existing cardiovascular diseases.
...
Allam A. Megahed, Badawi A. Othman, Samar S. El Masry, Abeer A. Faiesal and Mohamed A. Nasr Eldin
...VM isolate causes severe symptoms on potato plants
under the greenhouse conditions. The infected potato cv. Diamant gave positive DAS-ELISA result
using polyclonal antibodies against PVM. Moreover, the RT-PCR confirmed PVM in tuber sprouts
using coat protein gene specific primers with an expected amplicon of 520 bp. Electron Microscopy
examination revealed that, the viral particles were slightly flexuous rod shap...

Ahmed K. El-Attar1, Samah A. Mokbel1 and Om-Hashem M. EL-Banna2

.... In March 2016, several symptoms of leaf
necrosis, bright yellow mosaic and malformation of leaves suggested viral infection of AMV on
basil plants grown in Beni Suef governorate.
Objectives: The present study aimed to characterize the virus at the molecular level and
described the ultrastructural changes or other histopathological alterations in basil cells
following infection by AMV.
Me...

Shimaa M. Gad1, Ahmed A. Kheder1, Mohamed A. Awad 2

...rescence and little leaf symptoms
was observed Giza, Egypt.
Objective: The current work aims the detection and molecular identification of phytoplasma infecting
Gazania in Egypt.
Methods: Phytoplasma disease was detected and isolated from naturally infected gazania plants during
surveys in flower nurseries and open filed in Giza governorate, it was transmitted from naturally
infected Gazan...
Huda S. Darwish 1, Om-hashem M. El-Banna2, Mohamed S. Abbas3, Hoda M. Waziri 1, Maisa A. Awad1
...EMS 0.4%, 0.5% showed no symptoms of ToRSV in spite of concentrations 1mM and 2mM
of NaN3 and 0.3% of EMS were showing symptoms and gave positive results with ELISA. EMS
(0.40%) treated tomato cv. CR and 3mM NaN3 treated tomato cv. SSB revealed 3 unique fragments
with 98-A ISSR primer, 3 unique fragments appeared in SSB cv. treated with 3mM NaN3 with 98-B
ISSR primer, and E-9 I...

Samah A. Mokbel, Eman A. Ahmed, Hanan F. El-Kammar, Ahmed A. Kheder

...m governorate, exhibited symptoms of mosaic and leaf malformation. Detection was performed
depending on the presence of specific antibodies against CMV, and isolation from local lesions on
Chenopodium amaranticolor as a local lesion host. Eleven plant species belonging to four families
were used to confirm the presence of CMV in the inoculum. Detection of the coat protein gene of
CMV in infected leaves has been d...
Rosidah Rosidah1*, Angga Nugraha1, Yuli Andriani1, Kiki Haetami1, Olga Anne2 and Agus Heri Purnomo3
...sub>-24-h test, clinical symptoms which included damage to fish body, fish feeding response and fish response to shock which were analyzed descriptively comparatively. The results showed A. vera extract has the ability as an antibacterial with inhibition zone diameter reaching 20.49 mm at a concentration of 5 000 mg kg–1 and LC50 test 48 h (in vivo test) of 1 157.16 mg kg–1, so for the treatment of fis...
Longjun Guo*, Jiaqi Teng, Juan Wang and Yukun Chen
... of the occurrence of LA symptoms to a certain extent. Its combined use with DTI, an important tool for non-invasive analysis of the internal brain structure, is playing an increasingly important role in medical clinical and basic research.
...

Vahid Mollasadeghi1,2* and Samaneh Elyasi1,2

... results showed that the symptoms of PVY were completely distinguishable on the leaves of tobacco plants compared to PVY on the leaves of Agria. PVY-infected leaves were more curled and paler than healthy leaves of cultivars Agria. The results of analysis of variance of the evaluated traits showed that the effect of PVY virus treatment was significant on chlorophyll a, b, leaf area and stem length at 1% and 5%, respectively. In addition, the effect of Pars Hum...

Zahoor Hussain1,2, Yasir Iftikhar3, Mustansar Mubeen3, Muhammad Zia Saleem3, Muhammad Umer Naseer3, Muhammad Luqman4, Raheel Anwar5, Faheem Khadija6 and Aqleem Abbas7

...e present study, typical symptoms of citrus greening, such as mottled leaves, were observed on the infected trees. The infected fruits were undeveloped and partially or entirely failed in attaining natural orange fruit colour. Moreover, the iodo-starch tests revealed that the color of HLB-positive leaves was dark grey to black across the sliced surface. Afterward, the Zinc sulfate and Manganese sulfate at the concentrations of 0.25 g/L, 0.5 g/L, and 0.75 g/L w...

Yan Jiang1,2, Xia Tao3,4 and Hongxia Chen5,6*

... levels, reduce clinical symptoms, improve renal function and curative effect, and reduce recurrence rate, and is safe.

...

Chunjie Song1, Shangquan Gan2 and Xiaoyun Shen1,3*

... After 7 d, the clinical symptoms of the P. przewalskii were observed, and the blood routine, serum biochemical parameter, serum immune and antioxidant indices were measured. The results showed that the P. przewalskii were sensitive reaction, increased appetite, and no diarrhea in the modified Yujin powder group. The healing rates were 75%, 85%, and 60% in low-dose group, high-dose group, gentamicin sulfate group, respectively. The effects of modified Yujin po...

Yuan Zhang1, Qingyue Han1, Peiquan Du1, Yi Lu1, Lianmei Hu1, Sadaqat Ali2, Khalid Mehmood2, Sajid Hameed2, Zhaoxin Tang1, Hui Zhang1* and Ying Li1*

 

...yspnea, fever, and other symptoms. Blood routine examination displayed declined MCV and lymphocytes, while augmentation of neutrophils. Serum biochemistry, SNAP cPL and blood gas analysis suggested that the dog have pancreatitis and chronic compensatory alkalosis. The X-ray examination revealed pleural effusion of the dog; B-ultrasound showed nodular lesions in the spleen and enlarged lymph nodes in the abdominal cavity. Subsequent cytological examination of s...

Yuan Zhang1, Qingyue Han1, Peiquan Du1, Yi Lu1, Lianmei Hu1, Sadaqat Ali2, Khalid Mehmood2, Sajid Hameed2, Zhaoxin Tang1, Hui Zhang1* and Ying Li1*

 

...yspnea, fever, and other symptoms. Blood routine examination displayed declined MCV and lymphocytes, while augmentation of neutrophils. Serum biochemistry, SNAP cPL and blood gas analysis suggested that the dog have pancreatitis and chronic compensatory alkalosis. The X-ray examination revealed pleural effusion of the dog; B-ultrasound showed nodular lesions in the spleen and enlarged lymph nodes in the abdominal cavity. Subsequent cytological examination of s...

Noor Muhammad* and Shah Alam Khan

...ustard aphid and minimal symptoms of damages were observed. The yield losses based on DWT and TI in susceptible cultivar “Abaseen”was 40.79%, whereas it was 23.56% in Zahoor which confirmed the reduced percent yield losses in the later genotype. This study identified “Zahoor” as the most tolerant cultivar to mustard aphid followed by KS-75 and Omega hence, other susceptible cultivars should be replaced by Zahoor to attain higher and sus...

Ayman M. Khalifah1*, Walaa A. Kashyout1, Sara A. Abdalla2, Hassan S. Zeweil3, Soliman M. Zahran3, Tarek A. Ebeid4, Waleed M. Dosoky3 

...ds and is among the most symptoms of stress that impair poultry production. Chromium (Cr) is a trace element and has a beneficial effect Cr on human and animal health. The experiment was conducted to estimate the action of chromium methionine (Cr-Met) supplementation in laying quails (Coturnix japonica) under HS. A total of 180 were allotted to 5 experimental treatments (6 replicates per treatment). Treatments were: 1) Basel diet (BD), 2) 0.2 g Cr-Met/kg diet,...

Chandrakala Rana1*, Deepak Subedi1*, Shanti Kunwar1, Rajesh Neupane1, Birendra Shrestha2, Khan Sharun3, Dinesh Kumar Singh4 and Krishna Kaphle2

...ribhuvan University with symptoms of urinary inconsistency, haematuria, and inappetence. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed the presence of calculus in the urinary bladder. Cystolithotomy was performed and the dog responded to the intervention and recovered uneventfully.

...

Heba El-Zahar*, Zeinab Abd El-Rahman, Abbas El-Naggar 

...ination 21 IBD dogs with symptoms of chronic gastrointestinal diseases were chosen for the study. In addition to 11 healthy dogs served as control group. In comparison to controls, hematological analysis revealed significant variations (p<0.05) in total leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and mean platelet volume and significant variation (p<0.01) in neutrophils and platelet count. The biochemical analysis revealed a significant rise in serum activity of aspart...

Roheela Yasmeen1* and Samia Chaudhry2

...Its most common reported symptoms are fever, fatigue, dry cough, lymphopenia, raised levels of lactate de-hydrogenase and, bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs (opacities may be mild damage of one lobe or all five lobes). This virus has the potential to affect pregnant women, however, its prevalence was not noticed in new-borns. Time to recovery is generally two weeks. To reduce the spread of COVID-19, observing hygienic practices like...

Basanta Kumar Adhikari1*, Deepak Subedi1*, Sumit Jyoti1, Krishna Kaphle2, Chet Narayan Kharel3, Doj Raj Khanal4

...a history of respiratory symptoms. This study revealed the goat population in Rupandehi (district bordering India) and Palpa districts are at high risk of acquiring CCPP infection. Therefore, appropriate preventive measures including regular research and investigation, vaccination and regulatory policies on transboundary animal movements should be implemented to prevent the potential outbreak of the disease. This is the first-ever report of sero-detection of C...

Muhammad Asif1*, Ahmad Ali Shahid1,2 and Nasir Ahmad3

...fected with early blight symptoms were collected from Lahore. Pathogen was isolated on PDA and its morphological characters were studied. All the characters used for identification of pathogen confirmed the culture as Alterneria solani. Ganoderma lucidum was collected from University of the Punjab, Lahore associated with dead oaks of Dalbergia sisso. Macro and microscopic identification was performed to confirm the characteristics of G. lucidum. Interaction of...
Neeranoot Detcharoenyos1, Nakrob Pattanapon1, Soontaree Petchdee2*
...ormation on the clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of osteochondroma in a young dog.
 
Keywords | Cartilaginous exostosis, Dog, MRI, Osteochondroma, Total resection
...

Nawal Abd-elhafez Hassanain1, Raafat Mohamed Shaapan1*, Ahmed Maher1, Ahmed Badwi Yousif2, Gomaa Desoky Emam2 

...enting with malaria-like symptoms for the possibility of false-positive malaria diagnosis by card test RDT (Rapid Diagnostic Test) due to typhoid fever and brucellosis and finally to determine if the associated individual characteristics were serologically positive to these diseases. The collected 504 blood samples were screened for malaria (card test ‘RDTs and microscopic blood film examination), typhoid fever (Widal test, blood culture and stool analys...

Rizwana Abdul Ghaffar* and Kamil Nadeem

...e pigeon shows signs and symptoms of illness. Pathological studies of tissues from infected intestine reveal several changes from the normal architectural organization of tissues. The most common findings were massive congestion, cellular infiltration, atrophy, hypertrophy and dystrophy of cells and disintegration of cellular layers, fibrosis, necrosis and dilation and proliferation of blood vessels.

...

Hui Xu1,*, Ronghua Luo1, Yaping Duan1, Mingjia Chen1, Jiaxu Zhou1 and Xiaoli Shao2

...of remission of clinical symptoms (pulmonary rales, body temperature, cough), hospital stay, and adverse reactions, lung function [the forced expiratory volume in the first second as a percentage of the predicted value (FEV1%), tidal volume (V-T), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC)], peripheral blood Th17, Treg, Th17/Treg cells, soluble B7 homolog 3 (sB7-H3), galectin 3 (Gal-3), and lung surfactant protein A (SP-A)...

Hairul Islam M. Ibrahim1,2, Abdalla A. Sayed1,3, Abdel Naser A. Ahmed4,5 and Emad A. Ahmed*1,6

...he reduction of clinical symptoms and disease index were evaluated by histochemical analysis. T-cell population and cytokines levels in myelin oligodendrocyte glyco-protein (MOG) challenged PCB treated cells were estimated using flow cytometry and ELISA kits. Apoptotic and neuronal markers were evaluated using quantitative real time PCR and protein blots. Results showed that PCB inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and improved the myelin protectiv...

Noor Muhammad* and Shah Alam Khan

...gainst mustard aphid and symptoms of attack/damages were observed.

...

Fengbin Jin1, Xin Liu2 and Yanqiu Yue3*

...indicators and scores of symptoms before and after treatment between two groups. Additionally, we also observed the adverse reactions of patients in two groups. After treatment, the effectiveness rate of patients in the observation group and control group were 96.49% and 79.70%, and the difference had statistical significance (P < 0.05); besides, patients in two groups gained significant improvement in vital signs, while the improvement of patients in the o...

Asim Ali Khan1, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan1, Yasir Iftikhar1*, Mustansar Mubeen1, Maham Sohail1, Sonum Bashir1, Malik Abdul Rehman2 and Muhammad Usman Ghani3

... (CTV) expresses salient symptoms like stem pitting, yellowing of leaves, stunted growth of large, small lateral branches and twigs. The study was carried out to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of CTV disease in major citrus growing areas of Sargodha district (Sargodha, Kot Momin, and Bhalwal). The samples from the declined orchards were collected based on symptomology and confirmed through ELISA. CTV was detected in 3 varieties viz., Kinnow (Ci...
Ahmed H. Massoud1, Mohamed S. Ahmed2, Moustafa Saad-Allah1, Aly S. Derbalah1, Ashraf Albrakati3* and Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy4*
...ibited adverse signs and symptoms of toxicity. The results also depicted that cymoxanil was the most toxic of the tested pesticides, followed by Malathion and metalaxyl. The obtained histological lesions were correlated with the increased level of biochemical enzymes in target organs. Additionally, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were obvious in rats treated with cymoxanil, meanwhile, neuronal and pulmonary changes were nearly the same in all doses of the us...

Muhammad Ikram Ullah

...are complex neurological symptoms including mental retardation, facial dysmorphism, skeletal and muscle abnormalities. Five affected family members were recruited along with unaffected members, and whole blood was collected for genomic DNA extraction. A genome-wide scan was carried out on four affected members to establish homozygosity linkage. The analysis for genotype assessment was carried out, and three homozygous regions were identified. Whole exome seque...

Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1*, Dalia Y.Z. Amin1, Mona A. Ismail1 and Khalid A. El-Dougdoug2

...ify;">Different external symptoms of chlorotic to yellowish mottling, mosaic spots and deformation were observed in leaves of fig plants. To evaluate the presence of Fig latent virus (FLV -1) in fig plants. One hundreds fig trees were collected with virus-like symptoms and symptomless fig trees. The virus was detected by DAS-ELISA. Infected fig leaves were mechanically inoculated on Chenopodium amaranticolor L. and reinocula...

Ayma Aftab, Samia Afzal* and Muhammad Idrees

...ut the cause of flu like symptoms. HRCT reveals a haze area in the right perihilar region adjacent to medial part of horizontal fissure on the 3rd day of manifestation of symptoms. Radiological studies showed early consolidation of COVID-19 whereas RT-PCR showed negative results. Chest CT imaging is a highly sensitive technique that has also been used in detection of corona virus. This case study emphasizes the importance of...

Abdul Kabir1, Muhammad Rasheed2, Hubdar Ali Kaleri5, Depeesh Kumar Bhuptani3, Mithan Kumar4, Raza Ali Mangi6, Abdul Wahid Solangi4, Sheva Dari1, Saqib Kakar4, Panah Munir4, Ekra Akbar4 and Rameez Raja Kaleri4,5*

...n China. The most common symptoms of this viral infection was observed and reported by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses SARS Cov 2. Main signs and symptoms of infections has been observed, tiredness, shortness in respiration, pain in chest area, dry cough, fever with difficulty in breathiness. Its genome sequence homology study also showed that the nucleotide sequence of human corona virus (SARS Cov-2 v...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Rizwan2,3*, Tanveer Ahmad4, Muhammad Kashif5, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ali6, Asghar Abbas7, Safder Imran8, Sidra Saher9, Syeda Fakhra Waheed10

...seased animal, signs and symptoms, post-mortem findings, biochemical, and cultural characterization. Occurrence of significant trans-boundary animal diseases (TADs) was highlighted by adopting special parameters of participatory disease surveillance (PDS). Data analysis showed that FMD, theileriosis, and HS are the most important, of which FMD was found to be most common diseases in study area. Other main livestock health problems observed during study was res...

Xuan Liang, Rongfang Zhang, Yan Xu, Hui Yang, Li Guo, Feiyang Na and Donghai Liu*

...leviate children’s symptoms, enhance peripheral T lymphocyte subsets, erythrocyte immunity, supplement trace element content, regulate TLRs signaling pathway, and further improve the therapeutic effect. 
...

Sheeza Iqbal* and Asima Azam

...Nowshera and to identify symptoms and associated risk factors among male and female patients. The cross-sectional study was conducted at Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex from March to July 2020 in district Nowshera, Pakistan. A total of 150 patients with sciatica were analysed. All the patients were diagnosed with MRI, CT scan, spinal X-rays and straight leg raising (SLR) test. Of the 150 sciatica patients, 88 (58.7%) were females and 62 (41.3%) males. The p...

Mengxue Sun1, Yanjiao Li1,2, Zhen Gao1, Qinghua Qiu1,2*, Xianghui Zhao1,2, Lanjiao Xu1,2, Huan Liang1,2, Ke Pan, Mingren Qu and Kehui Ouyang1,2*

... it could be added after symptoms appear. However, niacin had a negative role in the protection of acute ruminal acidosis.

...

Laveena Shekhawat, Sheethal S* 

...dental host and develops symptoms of the disease in organs where the eggs get lodged, the most common being the liver. Case report: A 29-year-old male presented with pain in the right upper quadrant with radiation towards the back along with abdominal fullness for 5-7 days. Physical examination and imaging investigations were performed on the patient which revealed the diagnosis. Results: The patient underwent laparoscopic deroofing procedure and the cyst was ...

Shabana Noureen1, Shamaila Asad2, Saad Ullah3, Iqra Shafique Abbasi4 and Shakeel Ahmad5*

...py was used to treat the symptoms of postpartum depression. After the short treatment of only six weeks, the client learned to manage the symptoms that she was experiencing for the past two years. The study is highly informative as it helps the reader to understand the strategic way of dealing with the client experiencing postpartum depression for an extended period.

...

Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Yasir Iftikhar2, Qaiser Shakeel3*, Hafiz M. Imran Arshad4, Maria del Carmen Zuñiga Romano5 and Sarfaraz Hussain6

...arize the disease cycle, symptoms, and effects of environmental variables on RSB disease development. Furthermore, recent advances in studies on the management of disease using cultural, chemical, and biological approaches including mycoviruses, transgenic approaches, gene loci/markers, gene silencing, and genome editing are also summarized. Finally, the expression of resistant-related genes in rice crops and biological agent mechanisms of action are discussed...

Shabana Noureen1, Shirmeen Ijaz2, Saad Ullah3, Iqra Shafique Abbasi4 and Shakeel Ahmad5*

...sses as well. To examine symptoms and major themes of social anxiety discussed on Twitter A qualitative research design was used in the current research. NCapture was used to randomly select 500 tweets of social anxiety published from 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2022. Nvivo was used to do a content analysis of tweets. The content analysis reflected three major symptoms of social anxiety including behavioural, cognitive, an...

JAVERIA NEHAL1, ARIF MUHAMMAD KHAN1, AZHAR ABBAS KHAN*2, MUHAMMAD MUBIN3, HAFIZ MUHAMMAD TAHIR4 & JAVED IQBAL5

... samples showing typical symptoms of citrus canker were collected. Infected section of leaf was taken for isolation of bacteria. Lesions were cut into parts and streak bacteria by the help of inoculation loop grown in nutrient medium. Pure bacterial culture of Xanthomonas axonopodis were used for detection by standard PCR. Xanthomonas axonopodis was diagnosed by amplification of 16S rDNA. A fragment of ~1.4 kb was amplified and cloned for sequencing Out of thr...
Syeda Fakhra Waheed1, Asim Aslam1*, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Beenish Zahid3
...cks presenting suspected symptoms were collected during February 2020 and March 2021 for genetic characterization, followed by phylogentic analysis. A total of 4 isolates were sequenced based on partial VP1 and hyper-variable region of the VP2 genes simultaneously. According to phylogenetic analysis, the study isolates genotype A3B3 were identified as predominant strains in country backyard poultry. Concerning the identity matrix analysis of VP1 representative...

Hayam S. Abdelkader1; Gamalat M. Allam1; T. A. Moustafa2; and M. El-Hanunady2

... range showing different symptoms varied from local necrosis, systemic necrosis, systemic mosaic yellowing, bronzing, or stunting. The virus transmitted by mechanical means as well as by Thrips tabaci. Its TIP was between 45-50oC, DEP was 10-5 and LIV was between 5-6 hrs. Local lesion technique for biological purification and electron microscopic analysis confirmed the production of mature infectious virus particles underlining the conclusion that a full infec...

S.A. El-Kewey1; R.A. Omar1; S.A. Sidaros2 and Samaa Abd El-Khalik3

...ith different degrees of symptoms severity. Plant height, leaf area. fresh and dry weight of bulb decreased significantly with the increasing of severity symptoms on garlic plants of both cultivars. The electron microscope preparations of crude sap extracted from naturally infected garlic plants and negatively stained with 2% PTA showed flexuous rod-shaped particles 657-714 nm long. Biological relationships between the virus...
Saiwa N. Zein
...ials revealed that these symptoms were induced by Tobacco rattle virus. The virus was transmitted by mechanical inoculation. Symptoms were reproduced in the greenhouse on D.Kaki seedlings and tested host plants. Host range of the virus studied was restricted in Chenopodiceae. Cucurbitaceae. Ebenaceae. Leguminosae and Solanaceae. The identity of the virus to TRV was confirmed by mode of transmission. particle morphology and s...

Somia Eissa Sharawi

...rized by a wide range of symptoms, from asymptomatic to mild or severe illnesses, including death. The existing literature shows the roles of insect vectors in aiding the transmission of viral pathogens and the possible roles of some insects in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. In this study, we briefly review the possibility of biological or mechanical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by insects in the environment.

Ahmad Shahzaib1*, Tabish Raza2 and Aisha Areej2

...that exacerbates disease symptoms and complications. Up to 20% of the infected people need hospitalization on account of the severity of the infection, while the rest of the patients are asymptomatic or have minor symptoms. In addition, many COVID-19 patients have co-infection or secondary infection, which exacerbate the disease. In general, it is believed that viral infections predispose patients to superinfections that hav...

Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Waqar Younus1, Qaiser Shakeel3, Yasir Iftikhar2*, Sonum Bashir2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2 and Azhar Hussain1

... agents range from minor symptoms to catastrophic events that destroy whole fields. Plant protection units are needed to tackle these challenges to prevent future outbreaks. Herein, we describe significant diseases and pests that are catastrophic to GB’s crops in the future. In addition, this review shows how diseases and pests impact the yields of GB’s crops.

...

Aneela Ahmed Tagar1*, Mahvish J. Channa2, Kanwal Ahmed Tagar3 and Kaka Kainat4

...s underweight. The major symptoms in patients were Fatigue, headache and Dyspnea. The majority of the patients had emotional problem during COVID-19 including anxiety and depression. Additionally, Biomarkers remained increase in patients (i.e, ferritin, D- dimer, CRP, LDH and CBC was slightly altered in subjects. Lastly, Troponin levels were normal among survivors. The conclusion of present research is that COVID-19 impacts overall health of patients including...

Kinza Javed1, Muhammad Ali1, Waqas Farooq2, Majeeda Rasheed1*, Farkhanda Yasmin3, Samiya Rehman3, Sadaf ul Hira1 and Jawad Ali3

... are additional clinical symptoms of this disease. Mortality rates is about 3 % in endemic regions of Asia while the morbidity is upto10%. The LSDV is transmitted through the entry of blood from outsource by biting of arthropods including mosquitoes and flies from infected animal to healthy one. To control the dispersal of LSDV, infected animals should be quarantined, restricted its movement and place them in a place of no entry of vectors, arthropods. The rec...

Ishtiaq Ahmed1*, Hamid Ullah2, Zubair Ali2, Muhammad Sohail2, Yasir Amin2 and Afrasyab1

...mals is characterized by symptoms like diarrhea, poor weight gain, rough body coat, gastro intestinal disturbance like lack of appetite, reduced milk production, alopecia and bottle jaw. The study on prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths parasite of large and small ruminants was conducted in and around district Haripur. Faecal samples (n=633) were randomly collected and were examined for the presence of helminths parasites, in which 463 (73.0%) were found p...

Jaiperkash Moolchandani1*, Geeta Moolchandani2, Syed Mohsin Turab3, Nasima Iqbal4, Ambreen Rehman5 and Shaima Sultana Memon6

...Among non-motor clinical symptoms, depression, anxiety, and apathy are the most prevalent symptoms. Although these are treatable but usually are not recognized at early stage in Parkinson’s disease, so the current study aimed to find out the prevalence of non-motor clinical symptoms and the associated factors. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Neuro-medicine Wa...

Fahad A. Al-Abbasi1*, Abdullah Samer Habib1, Vikas Kumar2 and Firoz Anwar1

...ion without any clinical symptoms. This is fore thought to evaluate the conditions in which these livestock are grown and processed for import and the need to reset the standards for workers with periodic health checkups.

...
Akram Ali Baloch1*, Adeel Ahmad2, Kaleem U. Kakar3, Sara Naudhani1, Samiullah Khan1, Agha Muhammad Raza3, Imrana Niaz Sultan1, Humaira Zahid4, Saadullah3 and Shakeela Daud1*
...en years after the first symptoms. Lafora disease is defective in two well-known genes EPM2A and EPM2B. EPM2B (NHLRC1) consists of one large exon of 1188 bps. It encodes 395 amino acid protein called Malin comprising a zinc finger of the Ring-type in the N-terminal half and 6 NHL-repeat domains in C-terminal. In this study, four families were enrolled from Balochistan including two or more epileptic individuals aged between 10-24 years. Blood samples were coll...

Khadija Begum, Azizunnessa and Md Ahaduzzaman*

...nosed through evaluating symptoms, physical examination, and ultrasonography. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis was done to study the prevalence and associated risks of different reproductive disorders. Results show that 12.41% (382/3079) reproductive disorders in does were recorded during the study period. The major reproductive disorders were anestrous (72.25%, 276/382), followed by retained placenta (6.8%, 26/382), and repeat breeding syndro...

Abdul Latif Rind1*, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2,3, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4, Raza Ali Mangi5, Muhammad Anees Memon6, Depeesh Kumar Bhuptani7, Sana Noor8, Zainab Lanjar9, Zahid Ali Mangrio10 and Abdul Wahid Solangi

...rious clinical signs and symptoms such as diarrhea, coughing, fever, pneumonia, stomatitis, and occulo-nasal discharge. Furthermore, no instances of pregnancy were reported during the research. These findings underscore the high prevalence of PPR in sheep and goats within District Sanghar, emphasizing the urgent requirement for effective control measures to curb its propagation.

...

Mervat M. Fath- Allah, Amal A. Ahmed, Hala A. Amin

...ng different Potyviridae symptoms were previous
isolated and identified. All infected plant samples were examined using ELISA using against, number
of potyviruses polyclonal antibodies. The ELISA results gave a positive reaction with Bean yellow
mosaic virus (BYMV), Carnation vein mottle virus(CVMV), Potato virus Y, Watermelon mosaic virus
(WMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) of potyviridae family. A potyvirus universal

Nur Saptahidhayat1, Claude Mona Airin1, Yanuartono1, Dyah Ayu Widiasih1, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto1*, Sri Handayani Irianingsih2, Meta Iqomah3

...om FMD based on clinical symptoms, antibodies to FMD, and the FMD virus examined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This result presents a significant difference (p<0.05) in milk production, which is a combination of basal feed with Protelis® concentrate supplementation. However, the milk quality presents insignificant differences (p>0.05). In summary, the composition between basal feed and Protelis® concentrate increased milk production by 28.3...

Retno Setyaningsih1, Sri Murtini2*, I Wayan Teguh Wibawan2, Surachmi Setiyaningsih2, Ekowati Handharyani3

... serums without clinical symptoms in some rabbit farms. The presence of antibodies to RHDV in rabbits without vaccination indicates exposure to the virus. Thus, this study aims to investigate the presence of RHDV antigen in asymptomatic seroconverted RHDV rabbits in West Bandung District, West Java Province, Indonesia also to see the relevance of seroconversion within rabbit’s profile. Liver, intestines, and faeces were collected purposively from serocon...

Hafiz Nawaz1*, Kashaf Nawaz2, Attiq ur Rehman1, Muhammad Bashir3, Mussera Hira2 and Mariyam Nawaz4

...us’s virulence and symptoms need both components. The sequencing of both components showed considerable variation between old-world and new-world viruses. Cultural practices, insecticides, and virus-resistant mungbean cultivars may help suppress the disease. MYMD-resistant NIAB mungbean lines include 1429, 3198, 3845, 3850, 3854, and 3881 (Schreinemachers et al., 2019). A recent study has revealed resistant varieties NM-5, NM-7, NM-68, NM-69, M 20-21, an...

Abdul Hayee Gabol1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir Rajput1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi3, Ghulam Qader Mangrio1 and Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito4

...ts characteristic damage symptoms. Both local tomato varieties were found significantly more susceptible than hybrid varieties that also differ in their relative resistance against T. absoluta. Overall, significantly the highest T. absoluta infestation on tomato leaves and fruits was recorded on Desi local (27.19±9.10 and 9.10±0.44%) and Shimlo (26.47±8.76 and 8.76±0.43%) varieties, whereas T1057 (9.70±3.54 and 3.54±0....

Muhammad Luqman1*, Muhammad Talha Shoaib1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Umair Safdar2 and Hassan Raza2

...ts experienced ill heath symptoms after pesticide application. The study recommends public and private extension organizations should encourage adoption of biological control measures among farming community and regular training workshops should be organized regarding safe handling and application of pesticides.

...

Sidra Hafeez1, Tayyaba Sanaullah2, Hafsa Naeem3, Mah Noor Hassan4, Muttalib5, Farhana Kausar6, Muhammad Salman Hameed7*, Muhammad Anayat Ullah8, Abdul Samad9, Memoona Bashir10 and Sadaf Shabbir11

...d damaged fruit with the symptoms of dark brown lesions but causal organism identification through DNA is still unknown. We collected infected leaf from C. pepp from the vicinity of The University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and isolated D. bryoniae on the respective media. Then morphologically identification was observed through fungal growth pattern, growth color, spores shape, spores color, hyphal septation. For the confirmation of Koch’s postulates, t...
Qingsen Ran1,2, Manjing Li3, Jiayin Han3, Lifang Wang3, Han Wang3,4, Shaobo Liu5* and Yanping Wang1*
... risk score and clinical symptoms. Moreover, qPCR was used to verify the expression level of prognostic genes in human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116) and human colorectal epithelial cells (FHC cells). The results showed 202 glycolytic genes were found with statistical differences, and 4 glycolytic genes were identified, including Enolase 3 (ENO3), glypican-1 (GPC1), Nucleolar Protein 3 (NOL3) and Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2). A prognostic risk score model was ...

Madboulyl , H. M.; Tamami , S.M.; Abd Elmoneml , A.S.; Husseinl , A.S. and Arafa2, A.M.

...ey poults showed typical symptoms and APV was isolated regardless the presence of high level of maternal derived antibody in their sera. This denotes the protection against APV independent on the presence of high levels of maternal antibodies.

...

Elbeshehy, E. K.F. and Sallaml, A.A.A.

...nd cowpea showing foliar symptoms of mosaic, deformations and necrotic and chlorotic ring spots, that resemble those induced by CMV. SDS-PAGE test showed various distinguishable sole novel protein bands in four cucumber cultivars infected with CMV but not in healthy one. RT-PCR, with the primer CMV 1 and CMV2 for CMV-CP. gene, yielded 422 base pair DNA fragments. The following sequences were used in the comparison: Brazil (AF418577), China (FJ403473), New Zeal...
Nassarl , Entsar A.; El-Dougdoug , Kh. A.; Osmanl , M.E; Dawoud3, Rehab
A. and Kinawy l , Aliaa H.*
...te caused severe disease symptoms in Chrysanthemum plants with mosaic, mottling and flower discoloration. The virus was purified biologically using serial transfer of the single local lesion technique on Nicotiana gultinosa. The induced antiserum for the isolated virus had a titer 1\1024. 600 bp DNA fragments from the coat protein gene (CP) of TMV—Ch—EG was amplified with Rt-PCR technique. Phylogenetic analysis of the TMV-Ch-EG/CP- gene showed 89% ...

Soliman*, Ahmed M.; Mahmoud**, Sabry Y. M. and Dawood*, Rehab A.

...">Garlic samples showing symptoms of onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) were obtained from previous study and tested by indirect-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), transmitted to Chenopodium amaranticolor and then confirmed by immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) for the presence of OYDV. PCR primers were used to ampli$' about 1.1 Kb fragment from the viral genome using RT-PCR from infected garlic plants, such fragnent were not obtained from healthy...

Nasr-Eldin1 , M. A.; El-Dougdoug2, K. A.; Othman2, B. Ahmedi , Sabah A, and Abdcl-Azizl , S. Il.

...) with different disease symptoms. The pervious results illustrated that, tissue printing hybridization was more reliable than dot-blot hybridization in viroid detection. HSVd was isolated on Cucumis sativus L. cv. Alpha plants which showed specific symptoms severe mosaic, vein clearing, rugosity and yellowing spots. CEVd was isolated on Gynura aurantiaca plants which showed specific symptoms<...
Mohamedl , Shimaa D.; Ghareeb2, A.; El-Dougdoug , K. A. and Bekheitl , H.K.
...V induced characteristic symptoms of slow motion, white milky appearance and swilling of the body. Light micrograph of PoGV infected larvae figured out several histological changes. It was found that the midgut epithelial cells were the main targets of the virus infection. Columnar cells, goblet cells and regenerated cells loose their identity and become disorganized, also breaking down of peritrophic membrane and basement membrane and red colour appeared due ...

El Sayed l , Yasmein A.; Ghareeb2 , A.; El-Dougdoug3, K. A. and Bekheetl , H. K.

...a induced characteristic symptoms of slow motion larvae, cuticle showing red color and swilling of the body. Examination of BAW infected extract by light microscope showed polyhedral bodies with concentration (2.3x107PIB/ml). In our study the morphological structures of S.exigua infected with SeNPV (EG) as well as healthy one were examined by SEM. It was showed complete destruction of external larval body, reduction in each abdominal segment size, pro-legs and...

Rabia Anjum

...to relief the AD primary symptoms but did not cure it. AD treatment needs a therapeutic approach to minimize its progression. This review focuses on the understanding of disease, hypothesis and treatment of disease to slow its progression. 
 
Novelty Statement | Amidst the challenges posed by the current medications, the narrative extends into the realm of experimental drug therapy, shedding light ...

Ahmed, AmalA.; Zein, Salwa N. and Khatab, Eman A. H.

...ry plants showing mosaic symptoms suspected to be caused by viral infection, also, it was isolated from other hosts. The isolated virus was biologically purified from single local lesions formed on Chenopodium amaranticolor. CeMV was identified by its host range, symptom expression, modes of transmission and particle morphology.  CeMV able to infect only 20 plant species and varieties from 22 tested by mechanical inoculation. The virus was transmitted in ...

Alhudaib, Khalid

... mosaic virus). The main symptoms are chlorotic mottling, blotching and various types of leaf deformation. Samples were collected, with consideration of the economically importance and distribution of the cultivars, from different areas of Hofuf Saudi Arabia. Each sample was consisted of 10-15 leaves. Samples were labelled and stored in plastic bags at 40C; then transferred to the laboratory, for total nucleic acids (TNAs) extraction. One hundred mg of leaf ve...

*El-Helaly, Sahar H.; ** Ahmed, Amal A.; * Awad, M.A. and ** Soliman, A.M.'

...Calico» and aucuba symptoms suspected to be due to virus infection. Leaf samples were collected from different localities in Minufyia Governorate, Egypt. AMV was readily mechanically inoculated by sap extracted from infected potato leaves to host plants (bioassay). The identity of AMV isolate was confirmed by sequence analysis of their coat protein (CP) gene. The sequence of the coat protein gene (CP) of AMV was determined from cDNA clones. The CP gene w...

Ahmed, Amal A. and Fath-Allah, Mervat M.

...lthy one showed the same symptoms as those seen in naturally infected trees in the stock shoots. Similar symptoms were caused by slashing inoculation with surgical knife onto the stem of young healthy apricot seedling with mixed inoculum of both viruses of CMV and PPV. CMV was biologically purified from single local lesions which formed on cucumber cotyledon and/or Chenopodium quinoa. Identification of this virus was based o...
El-Dougdoug, Kh.A. t , S.A. Ghaza12 , A.A. Mousa2, H. Fahmyj and A.R. sofy2 
...n some of their external symptoms. The CPsV-EG isolates were detected by biological indexing, giving rise to oak leaf pattern (OLP) on Dweet tangor. The three isolates were differentiated using double antibody sandwich-enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), woody indicator plants, differential hosts, peroxidase isozymes and activity, total RNA content and reserves transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The severe isolate (ARC) gave the highest...

Sahar, A. Youssef t ; M.M.A. Al-Dhaher 2 and A.A. Shalaby 

...virus-I (GLRaV-l). Other symptoms observed on infected leaves were, malformation with abnomal gathered primary veins, giving the leaf the appearance of an open fan, including yellowing and mosaic pattern or bright yellow bands along major veins. Fan-shaped leaves may or may not be present with mosaic or vein banding symptoms which identified as Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV). Detection of the viruses was carried out by doubl...

* Amal Abou El-Ela, A.

..., showing Ilarvirus-like symptoms. To identify the causal virus, the plants were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using antibodies against different Ilarviruses i.e., Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Prunus necrotic ring virus (PNRSV), Rose mosaic virus (RNIV) and Tobacco streak virus (TSV) Preliminary results revealed the presence of PNRSV in tested rose shrubs. The isolated virus was biologically purified from single local lesions formed on cucumber cot...

Manal A. El-Shazly1, A. s. 2 Abdel Wahab and Salwa N. Zein3

...spectively. The observed symptoms included systemic mosaic and yellowing for TSWV and necrotic eyelike spots and yellow spots on leaves, and flower stem for IYSV. Both TSWV and IYSV were mechanically and seed transmitted. TSWV was transmitted by two different thrips species, Thrips tabaci L (33.3%) and Frankliniella occidentallis Pergamde (60.9%) whereas the transmission of IYSV was obtained by Thrips tabaci L. only (45%).  Adults of T. tabaci and F. occi...

S.Y.M. Mahmoud1 and M. Hashem2

...esence of characteristic symptoms of rhizomania syndrome. i.e., stunted, and constricted roots which developed proliferation of rootlets. The foliar symptoms appeared as yellowing rounded patches in the field, including general chlorosis, wilting and necrotic vein yellowing. Samples Of rhizomania-like symptom roots and its adjacent soil were taken from these areas and tested for the presence of BNYVV using indirect DAS-ELISA...

A.A.Farrag;  I.A.M. Ibrahim and, H.M. Mazyad

...s on growth without leaf symptoms to different herbaceous hosts including Chenopodium quinoa wild, Ch. amaranticolor (Cost&Reyyn) and Phaseolus vulgaris L cv. Pinto. Typical chlorotic spots were appeared on the woody indicator GF305 leaves one month after chip-budding or infected buds. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure was used to amplify fragments using coat protein gene primers (358bp) of the viral coat protein gene. PCR ...

A-New-Whitefly-Transmitted-Geminivirus

...ypes of yellow leaf curl symptoms were collected from tomato plants grown at different locations in Egypt. The collected plants were subjected to biological analysis, the viral causal agent vector of the two types of symptoms was found to be Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Based on diagnostic host species and back inoculation assay two different types of symptoms were found. The first consists...

M.A. Abo-EInasr l, Kh.A. EL-Dougdougl, M.H. El-Kattan2 and L.A. Salem2

... them had forbid disease symptoms, and virus concentration was (0), 25 days post inoculation. In addition, the biochemical changes reached to the maximum values. whereas other chemicals gave a medium ability to induce SAR and gave varied values.

...

E.F. Mohamedl and A.A. Owayss2

...the occurrence of mosaic symptoms on Faba bean plants to 80, 70, 60, 75 and 90% of infected plants immediately: to 75, 65, 45, 55 and 80% after one hour storage period and to 65, 50, 35, 45 and 70% after two hours. when used at a concentration of l, 3, 5, 10 and 20% respectively. In vivo experiment, using of propolis immediately pre-inoculation was more effective in reducing the occurrence of symptoms in infected plants than...

M. Osman1, Kh. El-Dougdoug2, E. T. Abd El-Salam3, R.M. Taha4 and R.M. El-Hamidl

... After 15 days. systemic symptoms appeared in the newly formed leaves in the form of vein banding, severe mosaic, yellowing, malformation, and leaves wilting. Histopathological studies of CMV-infected squash leaves showed changes such as compact mesophyll, disintegrated and less lignified metaxylem, slight upward blistering of leaf blade, closed stomata, short palisade and rounded spongy cells as well as vascular elements of the midrib formed in two patches. T...
Zeynep Karapinar1* and Mehmet Özkan Timurkan2
...th diarrhea and vomiting symptoms. Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of the positive samples were performed. It was observed that five of the FPLV positive samples obtained were in the G3, one sample was in the G1, and one sample was in the CPV-2b group. FPV was investigated for the first time in Balıkesir province and the data of the feline parvovirus sequence was defined to Genbank. Current phylogenetic information about the FPV in Turkey was obtained in...

Sarah G. Yousef1*, Ahmed Shehta2, Hend M. El Damaty1 and Hussein A. Elsheikh3

... in young cattle with no symptoms of the disease. Furthermore, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that our strains (ON816021 and ON816022) were 100% identical showed complete identity with MAP-C (M. paratuberculosis of cattle origin) as Japanese (CP066812) and German strain (CP022105). Overall, the findings highlight the potential of the IS900 gene-based molecular technique for MAP detection in small dairy cattle farms.

...

Fadime Eroglu1*, Altan Akineden2, Cemal Cicek3, Selcuk Turkel2 

...death of patients due to symptoms overlapping with COVID-19 disease. It was aimed to investigate the distribution of intestinal protozoan infections in COVID-19 patients and the relationship between these protozoans with clinical symptoms of COVID-19 disease. COVID-19 patients included in the study were classified according to their clinical symptoms as mild, moderate and severe clinical <...

Xiangmei Chen, Burie Bao* and Mo Degema

...nta powder on associated symptoms, signs and indicators in type 2 diabetic rats. For this study sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group, model group, metformin group, and low-, medium- and high-dose camel placenta groups. A high-fat and high-sugar feed combined with intraperitoneal injection of STZ dissolved in a citric acid-sodium citrate buffer was used to establish a rat model of hyperglycaemia. Metformin hydrochloride tablets were ...
Pratap A. Divekar1,2*, Sampat K Patel2, Guru Pirasanna Pandi G3, Manimurugan C2,4, Vikas Singh2 and Jagdish Singh1
...BM and CB. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed in any treatment after spray application. Chlorpyriphos, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and flubendiamide were found adverse to natural enemies. Thus, spinetoram, spinosad, emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole are recommended to manage DBM and CB on rotational basis in the cabbage ecosystem.

...

Genlong Zhan1*, Yunhua Zheng2, Desheng Li*4 and Hongmei Zhang3

... evaluated with clinical symptoms, nerve reflex, electromyography, nerve conduction velocity, and hemodynamics. We found that the number of markedly effective cases in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group. The total effective rate was 89.23% in the treatment group and 72.31% in the control group. The total effective rate in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The whole blood high shear viscosity, ...

Hongsen Xu*, Xiaoni Wang, Tie Tian, Changyu Zhao, Denghang Yu and Jun Liu

...rain could cause similar symptoms to those of naturally infected crayfish, and the lethal dose 50% was 1.52 × 106 CFU/g crayfish. Serious histopathological changes, such as cell degeneration and necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration, were found in diseased crayfish. In conclusion, this study confirmed the pathogen of whitish muscle disease in farmed P. clarkii, and preliminarily investigated the biological characteristic, pathogenicity ...
Nusrat Bano1, Muhammad Tayyab1*, Bushra Muneer2, Sehrish Firyal1, Abu Saeed Hashmi3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Ali Raza Awan1
...emale 28 (25.9%). Common symptoms for dengue were fever and headache (100%), arthralgia (82%), myalgia (80.5%), retro-orbital pain (68.5%), bleeding tendencies (38%), rash (51%) and vomiting (48%). Thrombocytopenia (90%), leukopenia (62.5%), elevated transaminases (ALT 56.5% and AST 70.5%), hyponatremia (51.8%), hypokalemia (40.7%) and hypocalcemia (81.4%) was recorded among dengue patient. It was concluded that bleeding tendencies, retro-orbital pain, rash an...

SYED SHAHID IMRAN BUKHARI1&2* & ZULFIQAR ALI 2

...rticosteroids for asthma symptoms persistence. Majority of practitioners were not well aware of the treatment options in spite of preventive therapy (prescription for long-acting β-2 agonists was 8%, inhaled corticosteroid was 6% and theophyllines 13%). In Lahore, practitioners did not follow guidelines regarding the management of asthma. There was found misconceptions regarding diet restriction. Deficiency of relevant knowledge regarding asthma medicatio...

Nadia Kèmi Assana Chabi1, Gildas Codjo Tchemadon1,2*, Olaïgbé Lydie Hounkpatin3, Paul Kouété Jimmy4 and Leonard Antoine Chaffara Afouda1

..., 96.3% do not recognize symptoms of sweetpotato viral diseases, although 81.4% observe these symptoms in their fields with most (76.7%), a low incidence (0 to 25%). Also, 72.3% farmers affirm that the first viral symptoms appear at the flowering stage of sweetpotato plants. They observe the presence of aphids or whiteflies in their fields at 53.3% (AEZ II); 65.0% (AEZ VI) and 75.6% (AEZ V...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar*, Riffat Maqsood, Muhammad Zain, Muhammad Suleman, Tayyab Ur Rehman, Sana Asif, Abdul Wadood and Jawad Hussain

...e significant neurologic symptoms and a deadly prognosis. The Rabies virus uses several strategies to circumvent the host’s defenses. As a major zoonosis, initial treatment and successful preventive and control efforts depend on a clear and prompt diagnosis. For the diagnosis of Rabies, conventional techniques such as Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test (dFAT) and histopathology are still employed. The OIE and WHO both frequently propose the gold standard t...

Jin Jiao1, Jin Song1, Yuanyuan Cui1, Yilin Wang2, Yanling Li1, Jing Li1, Yan Su1, Xiaojing Du3, Yan Wang3, Guiping Sun3 and Minxiang Wei4*

...regarding mental health, symptoms and self-care strategies.

...

Safdar Abbas1, Jawaria Ali Khan1*, Syed Saleem Ahmed1 and Aftab Ahmed Anjum2

...cattle calves exhibiting symptoms of diarrhoea and dysentery. S&C Biotech Bovine Coronavirus Antigen Rapid Test Kits were used to screen samples, which were then subjected to RT-PCR for molecular characterization. For the haemato-biochemical analysis, blood was taken from calves infected with BCoV. A questionnaire was used to collect information about the risk factors associated with the occurrence of BCoV infection. BCoV infection was found in 3.5% (7/200...

Roshan Ara1, Muhammad Ali Khanzada1, Amir Khan Korai1*, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi, Anam Mehwish Khanzada1, Khalid Hussain Qureshi1, Shakal Khan Korai2*

...nfected plants exhibited symptoms such as pale green to yellow discolouration, stunted growth, and the development of knots on roots containing egg masses and female nematodes. Pathogenicity tests on “Ghotki” chilli plants revealed a direct correlation between inoculum levels of M. incognita and infection severity, with higher inoculum levels resulting in increased knot formation, nematode counts in roots and soil and reduced shoot and root growth....
Sarfaraz Hussain Bangash
...n. Thus boron deficiency symptoms may be an expression of sugar deficiency. Boron is essential to cell division (Haas and Klotz, 1931) in the meristematic tissue and in the cambium and is a necessary component of cell wall (Berger, 1949). It prevents excessive swellings & Plays some part in the formation of pectin. Its deficiency results in cellular swellings of the middle lemella followed by the discoloration & breakdown of cell wall as a result of boron star...
Syed Ehteshmul Haque and Abdul Ghaffar
...> sp. were found to show symptoms of die back disease. Microscopic examination of the dead branches revealed the presence of dark black pycnidia which were ostiolate, measuring upto 3-4.4 mm, with pycniospores dark, bicelled, ovoid to elongate, measuring 20-27.5 um x 10-15 um. The fungus was identified as Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. There does not appear to be any previous record of B. theobromae Pat, on A. squamosa (KUMH 2179), ...
S. H. Bangash and B. N. Gardiner
...malities and deficiency symptoms caused by boron nutrient. The importance of boron nutrition for A. melanoxylon, E. pauciflora and E. viminalis was confirmed. Absence of boron from mineral nutrition in Hoagland's nutrient solution in pot experiments resulted in terminal shoot-dieback in A. melanoxylon, and apical bud-dieback in E. pauciflora and E. viminalis. Injury due to insufficient boron in P. radiata d...
Shahida Parveen and Zakaullah
...958) described the symptoms, morphology and cultural characteristics of the fungus causing wilt-disease of cumin.

Mathur and Prasad (1962) recorded powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni DC), blight (Alternaria burnsii) and wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. cumini) diseases on cumin. Of these, wilt was the most serious one causing heavy losses to the crop. The average loss due to the disease was estimated to be 20%....

Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari

...hma were noted. Elevated symptoms of asthma have been linked to low ventilation rates. The findings indicated that the ambient air’s CO2 concentration above regulatory limits set by NEQS (National Environmental Quality Standards) and USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), however observed elevated concentrations were in accordance with the given low occupancy (4 people/100 m2). Other related characteristics included socioeconomic status, ...

Humam T. Hadi1*, Orooba M. S. Ibrahim2 

...Ps in reducing psoriasis symptoms in mice. The findings showed that SaAuNPs had a significant (P≤0.05) anti-inflammatory effect, with the groups treated with 0.003% and 0.005% SaAuNPs showing a significant reduction in psoriasis symptoms. The physicochemical properties of SaAuNPs were characterized using numerous techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, Zeta potential measurement, particle size analysis, X-ray diffr...

Hala Harifi*, Mouloud Lamtai*, Siham Ait Salhi, Fatima-Zahra Azzaoui, Omar Akhouayri, Abdelhalem Mesfioui, Leila Bikjdaouene

...y recording all clinical symptoms associated with this intoxication. Different doses ranging from the lowest to the highest (6 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg i.p.) were administered intraperitoneally over a period of 12 weeks. The objective of the study was to identify the lethal dose and the tolerated toxic dose in order to establish a toxicity model. Weight gain was monitored weekly, and, at the end of the exposure period, the rats were euthanized a...

Talal Jabal Hussen1, Sattar J.J. Al-Shaeli1*, Baidaa H.R. Al-Mahna2, Hasanain A.J. Gharban3

...teristics, treatment the symptoms of menopause, and as a replacement therapy for postmenopausal with controversial topic. Investigation the long-term effect of estrogen administration on some biochemical markers and histological structure of the liver, spleen and kidney. An overall 40 BALB/c adult female mice were selected, acclimated, and divided randomly and equally into control (non-received estrogen) group and estrogen group. After 35 days of estrogen ther...

Ming Wang and Chaoqi Wang*

...n on lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly patients with prostatic hyperplasia. It provides basis and new way for the research and treatment of BPH. A total of 80 elderly patients with BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms admitted from March 2021 to July 2022 in our hospital were selected for the study. The patients were separated into ginger moxibustion group (G) with 40 patients and combined group (J) with 40 patients. A...

Muhammad Sajid1*, Muhammad Hamid2, Usama Ayyub2 and Muhammad Azam2 

...s that can cause various symptoms, from non-symptomatic infection to deadly viral hemorrhagic fever. More than 30 nations have reported cases of the disease recently. To provide a general understanding of the virology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic testing, and diagnostics, and antiviral treatment of CCHF, we provide a critical reviewed of the literature. The chemical interactions and life cycle of viruses are intricate and are poorly understood. Despi...

Idrissi Ouedrhiri Housna1, Bikri Samir1,2*, Benloughmari Douae1, Aboussaleh Youssef1

...ptozotocin (STZ). Stress symptoms were induced using the chronic immobilization stress paradigm. Anxiety and depression-related behaviors were evaluated using three behavioral tests after treatment periods of 30 days (T1) and 60 days (T2), respectively. Blood samples collected post-sacrifice were analyzed to assess lipid parameters and corticosterone (CORT) levels. Additionally, organs (pancreas and brain) were dissected to measure LPO levels as indicators of ...
Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker1*,Nuratiqah Emran1, Nurul Elyni Mat Shaari1, Arba Aleem2, Zanariah Mohd Nor1 and Ali Majrashi3
...r doses of Cd. Chlorosis symptoms in the leaf were visible in hydroponic Pak Choi containing Cd. The growth of Cd-treated hydroponic Pak Choi was adversely affected by Cd treatment. The Cd treatment also reduced SPAD, biomass content (fresh and dry), and length of root and leaves number significantly. It can be concluded that exogenous Cd inhibits the Pak Choi germination and growth under hydroponic conditions. 
...

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture

September

Vol.40, Iss. 3, Pages 680-1101

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