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Salma Shaheen, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani

... appropri- ate pots. The treatments of farm yard manure (FYM) @ 10 t ha-1, press mud @ 20 t ha-1, compost @ 0.7 t ha-1 and poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 were applied with half of the recommended dose of NPK @ (75:60:30 kg ha-1) with or without EM. In 2009-10, the application of EM with Press mud @ 20 t ha-1 significantly enhanced spinach growth by exhibiting higher average spinach plant height (35 cm), number of leaves (16.4), fresh foliage yields (330 g pot-1), d...

Rashid Saleem1*, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmad2, Muhammad Abbas Anees2, Abdul Razzaq3 and Ashiq Saleem1

 

...nder different fertility treatments at National Agriculture Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. Cropping systems were kept in vertical blocks and fertility treatments in horizontal blocks replicated thrice with RCBD strip block system. Sole mungbean and intercropped mungbean with maize were treated with five fertility treatments (T1, control; Phosphorus and Potash (PK) (80-60 kg ha...

Malik Ikram Ullah1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1*, Muhammad Sadiq1, Inayatullah Awan1, Muhammad Munir2, Ghazanfarullah1

...uring 2011. Six nitrogen treatments (80, 120, 160, 200, 240 and 280 kg ha-1) and a control one were studied in this trial. Growth and yield traits and quality such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area plant-1, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, green fodder yield, dry matter yield, crude protein, crude fiber and ash percentage were significantly increased with increase nitrogen levels (200, 240, and 280 kg N ha-1). However, highest benefit-cost ratio w...

Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool1, Anser Ali1, 2 *, Tanveer ul Haq1, Muhammad Nasir Majeed1, Dong Jin Lee2

 

... pots. Five water stress treatments were created by withholding the irrigation for specified time at critical growth stages viz. tillering, booting, anthesis and milking (grain filling), whereas a well-watered treatment was also included during whole plant growth and development period. The results showed that water stress significantly reduced plant height, number of total tillers per plant, number of fertile tillers per plant, number of nodes per plant, spik...

Aqeel Ahmad, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed, Irfan Aziz*

 

...ive different fertilizer treatments i.e. farmyard manure (FYM) 30 tons ha-1, NPK 35-40-20 kg ha-1, poultry manure 20 tons ha-1, compost (press mud) 12.5 tons ha-1 and inoculation by phosphorus mobilizing microorganisms 2.5 packets ha-1, in addition to control were evaluated under lentil-sorghum and lentil-mungbean cropping patterns. Fertilizer treatments were only applie...

Imdad Sohu1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi2*, Ghulam Raza Bhutto2, Muhammad Salim Sarki2, Rabail Gandahi3

...ld of chickpea crop. The treatments included control (no organic or inorganic fertilizer), NPK (36-72-0 kg ha-1), NPK (36-72-20 kg ha-1), Farmyard Manure (20 t ha-1), Poultry Manure (20 t ha-1), NPK (18-36-10 kg ha-1) + FYM (20 t ha-1), NPK (18-36-10 kg ha-1) + P.M (20 t ha-1), NPK (36-72-20 kg ha-1) + FYM (20 t ha-1), NPK (36-72-20 kg ha-1) + P.M (20 t ha-1), NPK (18-36-10 kg ha-1) + FYM (10 t ha-1), and NPK (18-36-10 kg ha-1) + P.M (10 t ha-1). All the relev...

Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro*, Habib-Ur-Rehman Memon, Muhammad Ali Ansari, Ahmed Naqi Shah

...ek of May each year. The treatments consisted of: weedy check (no weeding), interculturing twice (30+60 DAS), Dual Gold 960-EC (S-metolachlor) @ 2.50 L ha-1, sorghum water extracts @ 15 L ha-1 (twice) and 25 L ha-1 (once and twice) and sunflower water extracts @ 15 L ha-1 (twice) and 25 L ha-1 (once and twice), sorghum water extract @ 15 L ha-1+1.25 L ha-1 Dual Gold and sunflower water extract @ 15 L ha-1+1.25 L ha-1 Dual Gold. In interculturing...

Gultaj Hussain1, Abdur Rahman1*, Tariq Hussain2, Siraj Uddin1, Tariq Ali3

E-mail | abdur_rahman@aup.edu.pk

...th when exposed to these treatments. Results revealed that levels of citric and lactic acid concentrations effect were maximum for 5.0%, followed by 3.0% and least for 1.0% on E. coli and Salmonella load on beef surfaces. In addition, citric acid was more effective than lactic acid at all concentrations (1.0, 3.0 and 5.0%) in reducing E. coli and Salmonella growth. The citric acid at 5.0% was found significantly effective treatment in reducing E. coli O157: H7...

Muhammad Imran1*, Muhammad Mobashar2, Muhammad Irfan3, Shazia Hanif4, Sumaira Hanif5 and Muhammad Abubakar6

...o four different dietary treatments. MOLM in proportion to CSC was supplemented along with maize silage as basal diet. Four dietary treatments having MOLM were 0.0, 0.71, 1.42 and 2.16 Kg DM/day used as replacement for CSC containing 2.16, 1.42, 0.71 and 0.0 Kg DM CSC/day. Overall the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) were non-significant (P>0.05) whereas digestibility of NDF w...

Ilham Ulla, G. Arjumand, Nawab Ali and Mohammad Akmal*

... plot and N-rate subplot treatments. Mean results of replications revealed a significant reduction in days to flowering and maturity by delay SD. However, positive responses were observed by increase in N-rate. Early planting showed maximum biomass and yield at 120 kg N ha-1 which was due to reflecting higher leaf area, plant height and stem diameter (cm). Traits e.g. the head diameter, grain head-1 and grains weight were indicators contr...

Shahida Bibi* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan

... replications. Herbicide treatments (herbicide used and herbicide not used) were assigned to main plots, while intercropping treatments (sole maize, sole mungbean, 5 rows of mungbean + 6 rows of maize, 10 row of mungbean + 6 rows of maize) were allotted to subplots. Results of the study revealed that weed density m-2, fresh weed biomass in maize and mungbean crops were significantly affected by both the main-plot ...

Mukhtarullah1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal1*

...varieties to sub plot as treatments. Thirteen wheat varieties (i.e. Pak.2013, Dharabi, Tatara, Lalma, Chakwal-50, Shahkar-2013, PS-2005, Hashim-2008, Zam-2004, KT-2000, Atta-Habib, Siren-2010 and Khttakwal a local as check) were planted on five dates (i.e. 29th Oct, 10th Nov, 25th Nov, 10th Dec, and 25th Dec. 2014) using a seed rate of 130 kg ha-1. Nutrients were applied as one bag urea (N 46%) ...

Nadeem Khan1*, Arshad Ali Khan1, Mukhtar Ahmad2, Muhammad Nouman2 and Badshah Islam1

...BD) consisting of eleven treatments (cultivars) replicated three times during 2015. The results showed that Tarocco attained maximum height (156.13 cm), followed by Mexican Lemon (146.80 cm). Similarly, maximum plant spread and leaf area were recorded in Mexican Lemon 124.07 cm and 11.35 cm2, respectively. However, Hamlin showed the highest stem girth (9.90 cm) and number of branches (66.53). The internode length was the greatest in Kinnow cultivar ...

 Zar Muhammad and Mohammad Tariq Jan

...kistan. Thirteen compost treatments including control as main plot treatment and two fert-N levels (0 and 75 kg N ha-1) as subplot treatments were used. Compost materials i.e. farmyard manure (FYM), cereal residue (CR) and legume residue (LR) were composted as sole or in various combinations six weeks before sowing and then were incorporated to plots at sowing both the years. All treatments

 Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro, Qamaruddin Jogi, Mahmooda Buriro, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro, Ghulam Mustafa Laghari and Ali Nawaz Khaskheli

 

...y randomized design. The treatments consisted of control (untreated), eucalyptus water extract at 10, 20 and 30 ml kg-1 soil, eucalyptus powder at 10, 20 and 30 g kg-1 soil, eucalyptus powder at 10 g kg-1 soil+water extract at 10 ml kg-1 soil, eucalyptus powder at 20 g kg-1 soil+water extract at 20 ml kg-1 soil and eucalyptus powder at 30 g kg-1 soil+water extract at 30 ml kg-1 soil. Data showed that all the treatments of eu...

Allah Wadhayo Gandahi, Khalilluah Panhwar, Rabail Gandahi, Muhammad Saleem Sarki and Mahmooda Buriro

... was studied under 4 NPK treatments (000 NPK kg ha-1, 120-0-0 kg N ha-1, 120-70-0 kg N ha-1, 120-70-40 kg NPK ha-1 and 5 secondary and micronutrient (Control, 50, 3, 4 and 1.5 kg ha-1 Mg, Fe, Zn and B, respectively) treatments. NPK @ 120-70-40 kg ha-1 resulted maximum plant height, number of green leaves plant-1, number of opened bolls plant-1, seed index, and seed cotton yield ha-1. Red leaves reduced when soil was fertiliz...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Rysanek

...lants than that of other treatments.

...

Safdar A. Wahocho, Tanveer F. Miano, Noor U.N. Memon and Niaz A. Wahocho

...under four photoperiodic treatments which included T1=Natural photoperiod (Control), T2=4 hours daylight (8 am -12 noon), T3=6 hours daylight (8 am – 2 pm) and T4=8 hours daylight (8 am – 4 pm). The results revealed significant (P<0.05) photoperiodic effect on all the growth and quality traits of Zinnia. The Zinnia grown under 8 hours daylight (8 am – 4 pm) with 38.29 cm plant height, 6.61 side branches plant-1, 41.25 leaves plant-1, 39.7...

Sadiq Hussain, Muhammad Sharif, Sarmad Khan, Fazli Wahid, Hina Nihar, Wiqar Ahmad, Imran Khan, Nadeem Haider and Tabassum Yaseen

...ull dose of vermicompost treatments, respectively. Highest straw yield of 21.5 g and 21.2 g pot-1, maximum plant N uptake of 0.71 g and 0.68 g pot-1 were obtained by mycorrhiza inoculated with half and full doses of vermicompost treatments. Plants P uptake of 0.09 g and 0.08 g pot-1 were found in mycorrhizal inoculation along with full and half doses of vermicompost, respectively. Maximum concentration of Zn (0.7 mg kg-1), C...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

...il compared to the other treatments. In regard to the growth parameters, root and shoot growth (cm) were enhanced after the application of L. muscarium, followed by D. oviparasitica and S. rugosoannulata. The reproductive rate (Rf = Pf/Pi) of nematodes was much higher in the non-treated plants than those that were treated. The root quality of the fungus-treated plants was significantly improved. All fungi conclusively proved to be effective against H. schachti...

Jose M. Rojas, Noemi Sevilla and Veronica Martin

... targeted and successful treatments for the disease are necessary. Like other Morbilliviruses, PPRV induces a suppression of the immune system during the acute disease, which favours the establishment and exacerbates the progression of secondary infections. This review gives an overview of the known immunosuppressive strategies of PPRV, among the Paramyxoviruses, as well as the strategies developed by this virus to evade the immune system, focusing on the newl...

Zafar Waheed, Khalid Usman, Iftikhar Ali

...ns during 2013-2014. The treatments comprised of wheat + Rumex dentatus 0 plants m-2 (T1), wheat + Rumex dentatus 05 plants m-2 (T2), wheat + Rumex dentatus 10 plants m-2 (T3), wheat + Rumex dentatus 15 plants m-2 (T4), wheat + Rumex dentatus 20 plants m-2 (T5), wheat + Rumex dentatus 25 plants m-2 (T6), and wheat + Rumex dentatus 30 plants m-2 (T7). The results revealed that plant height, spikes m-2, spike length, spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, 1000-grain...

Muhammad Shafiq and Tahir Maqsood

...r model (r2=0.75). Ten B treatments (0, 0.47, 0.81, 1.42, 1.57, 1.95, 2.35, 2.66, 3.1, 3.3 kg ha-1) were applied with recommended N, P and K doses. Boron was applied at sowing time as basal dose. The results showed that there was a positive effect of fertilizer B on grains spike-1, 1000-grain weight and grain turn out however, the vegetative growth i.e. plant height, tillering and total biomass were affected non-significantly in response to B application. Rega...

Salma Shaheen, Mumtaz Khan, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani, Zarina Bibi, Muhammad Munir and Mehwish Kiran

 

...cal fertilizers. The six treatments were; control (T0), 10 tons (t) ha-1 farm yard manure (FYM) (T1), 20 t ha-1 pressmud (T2), 0.7 t ha-1 compost (T3), 5 t ha-1 poultry manure (T4) and mixed chemical fertilizer in the ratio of 100 : 40 : 56 kg ha-1 as N, P and K (T5). Each treatment was applied alone and with EM. Results showed that EM + pressmud combination significantly improved soil physical and chemical properties as well as spinach growth compared to othe...
S. Bushra1,*, M. Tariq1, M. Naeem1, M. Ashfaq1, I. Bodlah1 and M. Ali2
...pae. Seven different treatments of semiochemicals and plant extract were applied on aphid pests, Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi and parasitoid was released. The data regarding emergence, parasitism, sex ratio, tibia length, adult weight and adult longevity of parasitoid D. rapae after the application of treatments was studied and analyzed statistically. The study revealed that plant extract c...
Sumra Ashraf1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2,Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan3, Muhammad Tahir1, Sehrish Rasool1, Maryam Anwar1 and Fiaz Hussain1
...cantly longer than other treatments. Highest fecundity and longevity of parasitoid was recorded in case of parasitoids feeding on 50% honey solution followed by 25% sugar and date syrups solutions respectively. It has provided useful information for the mass rearing of this potential biocontrol agent which may be used in the successful implementation of biocontrol program for the suppression of pyralid pest insects damaging different agricultural crops of econ...
Pinar Oztopcu-Vatan1, Gokhan Kus2, Emine Inan3, Melek Gunindi Korkut3, Selda Kabadere4,* and Ruhi Uyar4
...>
Despite clinical treatments, hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common causes of cancer death. We tested whether licofelone, an inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, changes the survival rate and induces apoptosis in a hepatoma cell line (H4IIE). We determined in vitro survival rate with MTT assay, the morphological changes with an inverted microscope, apoptosis using flow cytometry a...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Sara Ferrando2, Lorenzo Gallus2 and Abdul Ghaffar3
...5) different in both the treatments, though protein and lipid contents of fish in treated ponds were greater than that of control ponds. The moister content of liver, muscle, viscera and whole body were not significantly different in control and treated ponds. These results concluded that feed including 42% protein and 20% lipid are best for culture of black-fin sea bream A. berda (body weight 8.5 to 235 g) in brackish water earthen ponds.
...

Iftikhar Ahmad, Abdul M. Saleem, Ghulam Mustafa, Khurram Ziaf, Irfan Afzal and Muhammad Qasim

...aCl2 proved best priming treatments followed by 100 mM KCl and 50 to 100 mM KNO3 for both tested species. This was interpreted by reduced time to 50% germination (1.2 d for gerbera and 2.4 d for zinnia), higher final germination %age (11% for gerbera and 7% for zinnia), seedling vigor (83% for gerbera and 46% for zinnia), and fresh weight (0.95 g for gerbera and 2.29 g for zinnia) and dry weight (0.3 g for gerbera and 0.5 g for zinnia) of the seedlings. These ...
Majed Rafeeq1,*, Nadeem Rashid1, Muhammad Masood Tariq1, Rassol Bakhsh Tareen2, AsadUllah1 and Zahid Mustafa1
...cates of ten chicks. Six treatments were three herbs i.e. Allium sativum, Cassia angustifolia and Artemisia scoparia @ 0.5 and 1.0% respectively, control (basal diet), and a positive control (Oxyfeed® @ 2g/kg). In the study, the treatment groups, which were given diet supplemented with herb and antibiotic, exhibited improved weight gain, average daily gain, and feed conversion (P<0.05). No significant difference wa...

Mohammad Raoofi and Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim

... years. The experimental treatments were weed interference and non-interference in two levels (hand weeding and non-hand weeding) and plant density in four levels (20, 40, 60 and 80 stems per square meter). The results obtained in two cuttings in the third year of established alfalfa showed that the weeds caused quantitative and qualitative reduction in alfalfa. Alfalfa in the second cutting had better growth compared to the first cutting, so that the plant pr...

Habib Ullah Khan1*, Saleem Ullah1, Hamid Ullah Shah1, Muhammad Arif2

... soil pH was noted where treatments variation ranged from 8.10 to 8.32 in CFP and CNS respectively. The effect of treatments on soil minerals in mg/kg indicated greatest variation in Fe from 2.759 to 5.358, Mn from 0.324 to 0.73, Na from.9 to 11.9 and K from 8.60 to 15.30 while other minerals like Cu, Zn, P, Pb and Ni showed moderate variability. It was concluded that acid base treatment of the wood coal resulted in pH, EC a...

Sanaullah Jalil*, Asim Hayat, Abid Majeed, Syed Haider Abbas, Muhammad Noman, Muhammad Imran Kasana and Muhammad Mazhar Hussain

...e residual effect of six treatments (T0 = control without rock phosphate & farmyard manure, T1= rock phosphate @150 kg P2O5 per hectare, T2 = FYM @5 tons per hectare, T3 = RP @100 kg P2O5 per hectare+ FYM @5 tons per hectare, E0 = without effective microbes and E1= EM-Biozote @ 50 l ha-1) on yield parametrs of wheat crop planted after the harvest of rice. All yield parameters significantly increased by the treatments con...
Muhammad Tahirand Memoona Shehzadi*
...aisalabad, Pakistan. The treatments comprised on the combination of chemical fertilizers (No chemical fertilizer, half recommended dose of fertilizer and full recommended dose of chemical fertilizer) and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) (No PGPR, PGPR-1, PGPR-2 and PGPR-1 + PGPR-2). The PGPR used in this study were pre-isolated and characterized, taken from soil microbiology and biochemistry laboratory, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences (...

K.N. Ahmed, S.H.A. Pramanik, M. Khatun A. Nargis M. R. Hasan

Efficacy of plant extracts in the suppression of insect pests and their effect on the yield of sunflower crop under different climatic conditions
...nd crop yield. The other treatments also exhibited better results in comparison to control followed by Bara Bishkatali, Neem seed oil, a mixture of Neem seed oil and sesame oil, and castor oil. The yield was 10.8 and 12.0 maunds per acre in the crop fields of Lalmonirhat and Rajshahi Oilseed cultivation Centres, respectively.

...

Sitansu Pan, Surojit Khalko and Amrita Das

Effect of some fungicides on seed mycoflora, germination, viability and their persistence in treated seeds
...rrespective of fungicide treatments. The seeds treated with prochloraz 45EC and flusilazole 40EC maintained their viability up to 360 days. Irrespective of nature of inoculum, the seeds treated with prochloraz 45EC persisted longer than that of other fungicides.

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Palash Mondal1 , Amitava Konar2 and N. Johnson Singh3

Evaluation of insecticidal schedules for the management of insect pests of potato
...ate the efficacy of five treatments against insect pests of potato. The minimum population of aphids, whitefly and epilachna beetle was observed in the treatment T which received soil application of phorate followed by spraying of chlorpyriphos,imadicloprid and cartap hydrochloride, respectively at 40, 55 and 70 DAP than other treatments. Maximum yield of healty potato tuber was recorded in the plot treated with chlorpyripho...

Basudeb Dasgupta, Partha Dutta and Srikanta Das

Biological control of foot rot of betelvine (Piper betle L.) caused by Phytophthora parasitica Dastur
... was used to compare the treatments in preventing the intensity of foot rot. The results revealed that minimum foot rot disease occurred where four drenching and eight sprayings of BM at monthly and fortnightly intervals respectively were applied in the 1st year. In the 2nd year, the minimum foot rot disease was recorded in the treatment where four applications of the Trichoderma preparation ha-1 at quarterly intervals were given. The maximum foot rot disease ...

M. S. A. Mamun and M. Ahmed

Integrated pest management in tea: prospects and future strategies in Bangladesh
...ike manual removal, heat treatments, light traps, use of bio-pesticides, bio-control agents and sex pheromone trap need to be given more importance in pest management programme. A tentative IPM strategy for tea cultivation in Bangladesh has been proposed in this paper. Thus the proposed integrated pest management (IPM) strategy should help tea industry for successful long lasting plantations which will ensure consistent crop with much care but lesser cost.

Amitava Konar, Kiran A. More and Pradip Mondal

Efficacy of some insecticides against cutworm and molecricket of potato in West Bengal
...ed Block Design with six treatments and five replications. Among the various treatments for managing soil pests of potato (cv. Kufri Bahar) i.e. cutworm and molecricket soil treatment of phorate 10 G @ 15kg ha-1 at planting plus drenching the ridges with chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5ml/L of water on appearance of pest (T5) was found most effective in decreasing the incidence of cutworm and molecricket followed by soil treatment ...

Amitava Konar, S. Paul and Kiran A. More

Efficacy of different insecticidal treatment schedules against aphid and whitefly on brinjal
...lications. Among all the treatments soil application of phorate at transplanting, followed by foliar spray with acephate, thiodicarb and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki at 50, 70 and 90 days after transplanting, respectively) and seedling treatment with imidacloprid before transplanting, succeeded by foliar spray with imidacloprid, novaluron, B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki and novaluron at 30, 50, 70 and 90 days after transplanting were most effective in ...

Biswajit Pramanick, Sruti Karmakar, Koushik Brahmachari, Rupayan Deb 

An integration of weed management practices in potato un-der New Alluvial soil
...aid out in RBD with nine treatments replicated thrice. The predominant weed flora in the experimental field of potato was Cyperus rotundas, Chenopodium album, Anagallis arvensis and Fumaria purviflora. The results revealed that the maximum tuber yield and return per rupee invested vis-à-vis the maximum N, P, K uptake by potato and the minimum uptake of N, P and K by weeds emerged in the potato field were recorded under the treatment T3 (hand weeding at ...

Dipak Mandal, Paramita Bhowmik and M.L. Chatterjee

Evaluation of new and conventional insecticides for the management of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. (Homoptera: Aphididae) on rapeseed (Brassica juncea L.)
... Block Design with eight treatments. Insecticides used in the experiments were imidacloprid 17.8% SL at 27g a.i/ha, lambda-cyhalothrin 5% EC at 25g a.i/ha, chlorpyriphos 20% EC at 375g a.i/ha, dichlorvos 75% EC at 375g a.i/ha, thiamethoxam 25% WG at 27g a.i/ha, dimethoate 30% EC at 375g a.i/ha and chlorpyriphos 50% + cypermethrin 5% EC (Canon) at 375g a.i/ha. Chlorpyriphos (93.50%) found to be most effective treatment followed by chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin (...

Abhijit Ghosal and M. L. Chatterjee

Bioefficacy of imidacloprid 17.8 SL against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in brinjal
...t whiteflies among other treatments, received lowest number of whitefly population (1.55/plant) and offered maximum reduction of whiteflies (83.15%) as well as highest marketable fruit yield (146.50 q/ha). However, imidacloprid at lower doses showed nearly similar results. The other neonicotinoid, thiamethoxam also provided similar levels of protection as that of imidacloprid. The conventional insecticide, methyl demeton (125 g a.i./ha) was less effective.

...

Lakshman Chandra Patel and Chandan Kumar Mondal

Management of causal agents of chilli leaf curl complex through bio-friendly approaches
...ize the crop loss. Seven treatments were taken up for study including two chemicals i.e. profenophos and diafenthiuron, three ecofriendly approaches i.e. garlic extract, spirit and alternate use of garlic with spirit, one predator insect Chrysoperla carnea and untreated control. The lowest population of thrips, mites and white fly was recorded with application of diafenthiuron at 15 days interval from seedling to early fruiting stage. Among the ecofriendly opt...

S. Pal, H. Banerjee and N. N. Mandal 

Efficacy of low dose of herbicides against weeds in transplanted kharif rice (Oryza sativa L.)
...ized block design with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The results revealed that the major weed flora associated with the transplanted rice during kharif season was mainly comprised of Echinochloa colona (30 %), Cyperus difformis (20 %), Monochoria vaginalis (30 %) and Ludwigia parviflora (20 %). Penoxsulam 24 SC at 0.0225 kg a.i. ha-1 applied at 8-12 days after transplanting was most effective to check all types of weed population and their growth. This trea...

Dhananjoy Mandal

Eco-friendly management of mealybug and wilt in pineapple
... an on-farm RBD trial (3 treatments, 8 replicates) in 2006-07 at Chopra, Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, for eco-friendly pest management of mealy bug, Dysmicoccus brevipes Cockerell in pineapple, the treatments were: T1 [Farmers’ practice: phorate 10 G @ 20 kgha-1 during planting + monocrotophos 36% EC @ 0.03% at 100 DAP + endosulfan 35% EC @ 0.02% during 150-180 DAP]; T2 [Treating planting materials (basal por...

B. S. Nandihalli

Utilization of botanicals in the management of the coconut perianth mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer
...during 2003-04 with nine treatments. The results of the present study indicated that among different botanicals, NSKE 5 percent was found significantly superior in reducing the mite population with higher healthy nuts (81 nuts 4 bunches), least percent of damaged nut (65 per cent) and highest benefit which was on par with wettable sulphur. The next best treatment was neem oil 2 percent.

...

Shrinivas Mudigoudra and Shekharappa

Evaluation of plant products aganist sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rondani
...yield. However, both the treatments were found next best only to carbofuran 3 G.

...

V. N. Jalgaonkar, M. S. Gawankar, V. W. Bendale and P. D. Patil

Efficacy of some insecticides against cashew tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii Sign
...ndicated that out of six treatments selected, the treatment of 0.003% lambda-cyhalothrin was observed significantly superior over all other treatments followed by 0.01% triazophos that was also significantly superior over rest of the treatments.
 

 

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Freeha John, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem and Muhammad Hamed 
...plots while, insecticide treatments were kept in sub plots. Incidence of aphid population was found in mid January. Three species of aphids: Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Schizaphis graminum (R.) and Sitobion avenae (F.) were found infesting the wheat crop. At the time of aphid invasion crops were at different growth stages such as 1st node (crop 1), at stem elongation (crop 2) and at end of tiller (crop 3). Maximum aph...
Burhan Azam1, Muhammad Naeem Tahir2,*, Faisal Shahzad2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Madiha Gohar5 and Saima1
...d (P<0.001) among the treatments but did not show (P>0.05) any linear or quadratic trends with increasing level of enzyme in the diet. Milk protein concentration linearly (P<0.001) increased with increasing level of enzyme in the diets. It is concluded that fibrolytic enzyme addition in the diets of lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes improves the dry matter intake and diet digestibility which results in improved milk production.
...

Furukh Faiz1,2, Muhammad Issa Khan2, Masood Sadiq2 and Haq Nawaz3

...5 birds were reared in 5 treatments and 3 replications of each treatment having 15 birds in each replication. The chicks were being provided with the standard conditions for light, water, vaccination and experimental feed for 42 days. The body weight gain, feed intake and the feed conversion ratio was observed weekly. After 42 day of the growth, the birds were slaughter with the Islamic Halal Method and the blood samples of the birds were preserved for antioxi...
Ayesha Ilyas1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,* and Abdul Qadir1,*
...ves. Amongst the various treatments applied, the acetone extract of D. alba showed the highest repellency of 84.14%, whereas, the lowest repellency of 10.73% was observed by the chloroform extract of T. peruviana. Significant ovipositional deterrent effects of the extracts applied have been observed. Maximum oviposition inhibition was shown by petroleum ether extract of A. indica (57.14%), while the lowest ovipositon deterrence of 5.71 % w...
Noor Islam1, Muhammad Amjad2, Ehsan ul Haq3, Elizabeth Stephen1 and Falak Naz4
...ustry in Pakistan. Seven treatments including five essential oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), oregano (Origanium vulgare), lemon (Citrus lemon) and thyme (Thymus linearus), formic acid at three different concentrations of 25%, 50% and 100% and control were used against T. clareae in naturally infested honey bee, A. mellifera colonies in Honeybee Research Institute, National Agr...
Adnan Yousaf1,Jia Wu1, Qaiser Shakeel2, Yasir Iftikhar3, Muhammad Irfan Ullah4, Uzma Tahira5,Mustansar Mubeen1 and Wubei Dong1,*
...on. After six weeks, all treatments showed better results but there was no significantly difference in set of plants treated with combination of all three (Derosal + Cadusafos + T. harzianum) and T. harzianum alone. Moreover, it was observed that the ability of T. harzianum to manage root rot and knot pathogen enhanced when it was integrated with bio-products. It was hypothesized that direct antagonism and defense by bio-product enhance th...

Murad Ali1, Farmanullah Khan1, Wiqar Ahmad2* and Imran Khan1

...District Swabi. Fourteen treatments viz the control (T1), recommended dose (RD) (120:90:60 kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O. T2), four combinations of farmyard manure (FYM) i.e 20, 15, 10 and 5 t ha-1 with 0, 25, 50, 75% of the RD (T3, T4, T5, T6, respectively), four combinations of poultry manure (PM) i.e. 10, 7.5, 5 and 2.5 t ha-1 with 0, 25, 50, 75% of the RD (T7, T8, T9, T10, respectively) and four combinations of the mixed FYM (5 t ha-1) and PM (2.5 t ha-1) with 0, 2...

Attaullah Khan1, Muhammad Shafi1*, Jehan Bakht2 and Shazma Anwar1

...at varieties at two seed treatments (primed with 50 mM CaCl2 and un-primed) with four salinity levels (0, 45, 90, 135 mM) was studied in sand as growth media. The results revealed that incremental increase of salinity stresses had decreasing effect on growth parameters compared with control. Highest germination (85.42% and 84.31%) was recorded from wheat varieties (Lalma-2013 and Pirsabak-2005). Minimum germination (64.40% and 73.89%), tillers plant-1(2.83 and...
Ibrahim A. Alhidary1,*, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Moez A. Ayadi1,3 and Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady2
...ibuted to five different treatments, ten lambs each, as follow: 1. Alfalfa hay and barley grain (ABG); 2. Pelleted alfalfa hay and barley (PAB); 3. TMR1 (25.67% NDF); 4. TMR2 (30.88% NDF); and 5. TMR3 (55.93% NDF). Lambs were housed in an individual pen for 90 days. Lambs were weighed every two weeks and feed intake was recorded weekly. Rumen fluid samples were collected monthly after 2, 4 and 8 hours of feeding for pH, VFAs and NH3-N determination....
Hameeda Kalhoro1, Abdul Malik2,Ghulam Abbas2,*, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Sajjad Ali Shah4and Haleema Kalhoro3
...matization. A total of 3 treatments were tested following 2 replications i.e. first treatment (T1, Squid feed), second treatment (T2, Tubifex feed) and third treatment (T3, pellet feed). Juveniles were fed with 5% of total biomass twice in a day. At the end, higher growth increments were found such as length and weight in average, T1=15.01±0.33cm and 15.80±0.01g, T3=14.13±0.76cm and 13...
Saleem Khan1, Amir Hamza2, Farhadullah Khan3, M. Subhan4, Aziz Khan1, Irfan Ali Shah1, Shakirullah Khan Shakir3*
...ifferences for radiation treatments, genotypes and interaction for treatments × genotypes regarding plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of bolls plant-1 and yield of cotton seeds plant-1. Higher levels of gamma rays (20 and 25 KR) effected most of the parameters adversely. Significant reduction in plant height was observed for all the genotypes under the influence of t...
Sumit K. Satpathi1, Suprakash Pal2*, Rupsanatan Mandal2, Nonigopal Shit2 and Ashutosh Sarkar3
...d to the pesticide based treatments; thus this approach is augmenting the natural control of pests.
 
Keywords: Cowpea, insect pests, biopesticides, bioefficacy, cost-benefit ratio, natural enemiesl
...
Alaeldein M. Abudabos1,*, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Elsayeid O. Swilam1 and Mu’ath Q. Al-Ghadi3
... randomly assigned to 10 treatments on day 15 after introduction of coccidiosis. The results indicated that feed intake and production efficiency factor (PEF) did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between Elancoban and natural products. However, treatment had a significant effect on BWG and FCR (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively), chicks which had received Elancoban had the highest BWG (327.9 g) and converted the feed to gain with highest efficiency (1...
Rana Muhammad Aadil1,2*, Xin-An Zeng1, Saqib Jabbar3, Akmal Nazir2, Abid Aslam Mann2, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan2, Abdullah2, Amna Ramzan2
...ain unchanged in all HPP treatments with control and thermal. After this, we suggested that HPP treatment (250 MPa/60 °C/3 min) has a potential against thermal to progress the value of grapefruit juice and could be applicable at industrial scales.
...
Aqsa Qayyum1*, Masooma Munir1, Saeeda Raza1, Mussarat Gillani1, Saima Kanwal1, Nouman Rashid1, Amer Mumtaz1, Naeem Safdar1, Zarmina Gillani2
...< 0.01) among all the treatments of composite flour. Wet and dry gluten content decreased from 22.16 ± 1.58 % (T0) to 16.43 ± 1.32 % (T3) and 7.46 ± 0.47 % (T0) to 5.03 ± 0.38 % (T3) respectively. With increasing percent of pea flour in biscuits, moisture, carbohydrates and caloric value decreased from (1.84% - 1.33%), (62.87% - 54.57%), (525.64 Kcal /100 g to 502.84 Kcal /100 g) respec...
Masooma Munir1,2*, Aqsa Qayyum1, Saeeda Raza1, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui1, Amer Mumtaz1, Naeem Safdar1, Sahar Shible1, Sohaib Afzal3, Saiqa Bashir4
...ked as compared to other treatments. It was concluded that basil seed could be supplemented in different food products for the preparation of value added, healthy and nutritious diets.
...
Nargis Bano and Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*
...licylic acid and drought treatments. The design of the experiment was a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five water regimes (150ml, 175ml, 200ml, 225ml, 250ml) and five levels of SA at (0.0mML-1, 0.5mML-1 1mML-1, 2mML-1, and 3mML-1) as the main factors and four replications. The experiments were conducted in the research area of AAUR Pakistan. Statistical analysis showed drought stres...
Aqsa Mehboob1, Noor Khan1,*, Usman Atiq1, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Rafia Tayyab1, Syeda Suhaira Batool1, Hafiza Saleha Batool1, Sana Amjad1 and Mehwish Tanveer1 
...rences (P≤0.05) among treatments and control for crude protein while rest of the parameters remained same. Apparent digestibility of crude protein and fat was found non-significantly different among treatments. It is concluded that addition of fenugreek in fish feed can improve growth performance and also protein content of the fish meat as well.
...

Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Wasiullah1 and Wiqar Ahmad

... three replications. Six treatments consisted of a control (no strains) and 5 different strains of cyanobacteria i.e Oscillatory-MMF-1 (Oscillatoria princeps), Leptolyngbaya-MMF-2 (Lyngbya mucicola), Leptolyngbaya- MMF-3 (Lyngbya Phormidium), Gloeobacter-MMF-4 (Gloeocapsa) and Microcoleus-MMF-5 (Cryophilus) were applied randomly to flooded rice in pots. Rice seedlings were transplanted to each pot on July 18, 2016. The data were recorded on agronomic parameter...

Zahid Mehmood*, Alam Zeb and Muhammad Ayub 

...ty of muskmelon jam. The treatments included MJ1 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + no preservatives), MJ2 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.1% sodium benzoate), MJ3 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.1% potassium sorbate), MJ4 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.01% potassium metabislulphite), MJ5 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.05% sodium benzoate + 0.05% potassium sorbate), MJ6 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.05% sodium benzoate + 0.01% potassium metabisulphite), MJ7 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.05% potassium sorbat...

Abdus Subhan1, Qudrat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Mansoor2 and M. Jamil Khan

...heavy textured soil. The treatments used in the experiment include compost @5 t ha-1, cattle manure @ 5 t ha-1, compost + cattle manure each @ 2.5 t ha-1, NPK @ 150:120: 90 and control (without amendments), replicated four times. The results revealed that organic and inorganic amendments, irrespective of their kind and combinations, exerted significant (p≤0.05) variation in plant growth, yield parameters of wheat and water use efficiency. The inorganic fert...
Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Muhammad Shahid, Abdul Shakoor*, Muhammad Safeer, Imran Khan, Ayesha Farooq, Iftkhar Ali and Usman Nazir
...licated three times. The treatments were comprised of C = no Zn and B (Control); Zn (S) = soil application of Zn @ of 12 kg ha-1; B (S): soil application of B @ 3 kg ha-1; Zn (F) = foliar application of 1% Zn at 9th leaf stage; B (F) = foliar application of 0.5% B at 9th leaf stage; Zn (S) +B (S) = soil application of Zn @ 12 kg ha-1 + B @ of 3 kg ha-1 and Zn (F) +B (F) = foliar application of1%...
Talat Bilal Yasoob and Nasir Ali Tauqir* 
... In this way six dietary treatments resulted in dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and sodium levels of 245, 262, 279, 297, 314, 331 meq/kg and 0.166, 0.206, 0.246, 0.286, 0.326, 0.336%, respectively. Protein and energy values in all broiler starter rations were kept at 20% and 2800 kcal/kg, respectively. In second phase, six finisher rations (5-6 weeks) were formulated viz., control ration and five other rations having 0.10-0.74% levels of NaHCO3. T...
Toshina Mushtaq, Muhammad Javed and Sidra Abbas*
...y after ZnCl2 treatments. Statistically significant increase in the liver and kidney peroxidase activity of 96-h LC50 exposed fish were found as 0.621±0.004UmL-1 and 0.219±0.002UmL-1, respectively as compared to the control fish liver (0.123±0.002UmL-1) and kidney (0.056±0.004UmL-1).
...

Muhammad Anas1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2*, Raza Ullah1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Sohail Latif5 

...with triplicate run. The treatments included viz. Four sunflower plants m-2 + 30 mungbean m-2, 6 sunflower plants m-2 + 30 mungbean plants m-2, 8 sunflower plants m-2 + 30 mungbean plants m-2, 4 plants m-2 of sunflower alone, 6 plants m-2 of sunflower alone, 8 plants m-2 of sunflower alone and 30 plants m-2 of mungbean alone. Plant population was maintained by keeping 75 cm apart single rows of sunflower and 50 cm apart double rows of mungbean both in sole and...

Muhammad Asad1, Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Ramzan Ansar2, Ijaz Ahmad3*, Muhammad Suhaib4 and Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 

...lly at par among various treatments. Significantly higher number of fertile tillers (172), Plant height (93.83 cm), spike length (7.4 cm) were noted with Wheat Star @ 370.5 g ha−1. Although treatments did not differ significantly with respect to wheat grain and biological yields, yet the highest grain yield (3295 kg ha−1) and biological yield (11173 kg ha− 1) were produced by Wheat Star @ 370.5 g ha−1...

Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1,2*, Muhammad Tahir2, Abid Ali3, Manzoor Hussain3, Muhammad Waheed Anwar4, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 and Ijaz Ahmad

...en biomass incorporation treatments, maximum plant height (168.34 cm) cob length (16.32 cm), number of grains per cob (410), 1000-grain weight (200.22 g), biological yield (16.63 t ha-1) grain yield (5.75 t ha-1) harvest index (34.22 %) and grain protein content (8.56%) was obtained with (moringa green manuring).While Among fertilizer levels (100% of RDF) produced maximum plant height (189.02 cm) cob length (18.21 cm), number of grains per cob (438.7), 1000-gr...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Khalid Usman2*, Muhammad Munir3 and Muhammad Sohail Khan

Rafiullah*, Muhammad Jamal Khan and Dost Muhammad 

... solution without P. The treatments included 0, 18, 36, 72, 144 and 216 mM as KH2PO4 solution foliarly applied three times with one week intervals starting after two weeks of seedlings transplantation. Each treatment unit consisted of 10 seedlings arranged in CR design with three replications. Plant height, shoot and root dry biomass of 6 weeks old seedling were significantly increased with each increment of foliar P suggesting effective absorption through lea...
Saleh S. Alhewairini1,* and Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2
...ed with 3000 ppm in both treatments. Moreover, the maximum mortality was held between 3000 and 4000 ppm with no significant difference in the mortality of T. urticae. Finally, Huwa-San TR50 can be safely used in biological control programs, as it has little or no effects on biological control agents such as predatory mite, N. cucumeris, which is widely associated with the infestation of two spotted spider mite, T. urticae on tomato plants....
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...ant difference between 2 treatments, 1 and 24 h, in both adult and larvae. The mortality of both adult and larvae was 100% after 48 hours of exposure to oxamyl. In the field, however, Oxamyl was applied in two different applications. A foliar application by spraying and watering application by adding the to the irrigation water. After 2 days of applications, daily monitoring was conducted for 10 days to record any dead or paralyzed adults and/or larvae. Dead a...
Rana Fartab Shoukat1, Shoaib Freed1,*, Kanwar Waqas Ahmad1 and Ateeq-ur-Rehman2
...ificant effect of binary treatments of fungi and chemical insecticides on biological parameters of C. pipiens and its progeny (P<0.05). The insect pathogenic fungi showed compatibility with insecticides and the combined application can improve the management program of C. pipiens.
...

Safdar Ali1*, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Shahid Mehmood2, Asim Gulzar3 , Ijaz Ahmad4 and Bashir Ahmad Khan5 

...evaluated. Seven tillage treatments were applied in the fallow periods (summer seasons) of both years before sowing of wheat crop. These tillage treatments were (i) Once Mould board plowing followed by 8 cultivations with planker (1 MBP + 8 CS) as a check, (ii) No-till followed by twice application of glyphosate herbicide (NT + GH), (iii) Once Mould board plowing followed by twice application of glyphosate herbicide (1 MBP +...
Sidra Iqbal1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabbsum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
...wed that among these two treatments, only chemical treated substrates gave better enzyme yield as compared to chemical followed by steam. The highest FPase (2.526 IU/ml/min) activity was found at pretreatment conditions of 0.6% NaOH conc., 10% biomass loading and 4h reaction time while CMCase (2.803 IU/ml/min) at 1% NaOH conc., 15% biomass loading and 6h of reaction time. The proposed model was found highly significant as revealed by their F-values, P-values a...
Qingying Jia1, Hui Wang1, Tianhong Wang1, Na Dong1, Shuguang Ren1,2, Xiaolong Yang1, Jingze Liu1,* and Zhijun Yu1,3,*
...is could survive all treatments at 0°C and 4°C, and pre-ovipositon periods were prolonged after 0°C, 4°C and 40°C treatment, whereas it was shortened after 37°C stress (P<0.05). The oviposition periods were varied among different temperature treatments, and the 0°C and 4°C treatments showed no influences, whereas the prolonged exposure to high tempera...
Rimsha Nawaz1, Muhammad Javed1, Sidra Abbas1* and Safina Kousar2
...ere exposed to different treatments as 96-h LC50, 2/3rd, 1/4th and 1/5th of LC50 concentrations of iron chloride for 30 days in the glass aquaria with three replications for each treatment. After 30-day exposure of iron chloride, the fish organs viz. kidney and liver were isolated and the peroxidase enzyme activity was analyzed. Activity of peroxidase was assessed by measuring the conversion of guai...
Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Saima Masood1,*, Hafsa Zaneb1, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Asim Aslam3, Kamran Ashraf4, Habib-ur-Rehman5, Muti-ur-Rehman3 and Muhammad Shabir Shaheen6
...lt; 0.05) by the dietary treatments under study individually and in combination. It is concluded that supplementation of MOS and OAB in combination is beneficial compared to their individual effects in broiler chicks.
...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Sara Ferrando4, Lorenzo Gallus4 and Syed Sajjad A. Shah2,3
...ere also recorded in all treatments and highest eggs were obtained i.e. 4.0-4.3 per female on 0‰-15‰. Water temperature (28.02±0.12°C), dissolved oxygen (6.4±0.02 mg/L), pH (7.47±0.04) and ammonia (less than 0.022±0.001 mg/L) were monitored throughout the study period. Water quality parameters remained within the recommended range. Our results suggest that Nile tilapia, O. niloticus may give maximum e...

Imran Khan*, Zahir Shah, Wiqar Ahmad, Farmanullah Khan and Muhammad Sharif 

...) were observed in these treatments. The FYM5,10,15,20 reduced the BD significantly (p<0.01) by 7-12% and increased the porosity by 9-14%, saturation water by 9-20% and available water by 19-29%. However the INM5:75,10:50, 15:25, closely followed the FYM5,10,15,20 with reduction in BD by 9-11% and increased in porosity by 11-13%, saturation water by 14-17% and available water by 25-30%. All interactions remained non-significant. These results concluded that...

Muhammad Ijaz Khan* and Amanullah Jan 

...conditioners and control treatments. Data on the effect of gypsum application as sole or in combination with the other SC revealed that addition of gypsum had significantly increased all parameters as compared with no gypsum application. It is concluded that farmyard manure (10000 kg ha-1) and gypsum (1000 kg ha-1) with five irrigations at the known critical stages (at emergence, 4 leaves, 8 leaves and tassel visible and blister) performed better as compared w...

Fazal Ullah1*, Muhammad Sajid1, Syeda Leeda Gul2, Bibi Zainub1 and Maaz Khan

...o;Influence of hot water treatments on the storage life of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) cv. Sherkhana-I” was carried out at Post harvest Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. The research was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors i.e. hot water dipping times (0, 5, 10, and 15 Minutes) and storage durations (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Days). Hot water dipping times significantly a...
Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman1,Farzana Abbas2,Ghulam Abbas3,*, Arshad Javid4, Ali Hussain4, Syedah Andleeb5,Khalid Javed Iqbal6 and Muhammad Akmal1

 

...s eggs. There were three treatments (T1, T2 and T3) and a control with three replicates in each group. Control group was exclusively fed on natural food composed of tilapia fry while fish in T1 was fed on 30%, T2 on 35% and T3 on 40% protein diet, respectively. A total of 240 Channa marulius (945 g) were arbitrarily stocked in 12 earthen ponds (90 ft × 70 ft × 4 ft) @ 20 fish ...
Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1*, Abid Ali2, Manzoor Hussain2, Saadia3, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Sohail Latif6

Sadaf Ghulam Rasul1*, Uzma Yaqub2, Maida Manzoor1 and Hafsa Mubasshar

...02. Post-three months of treatments, mean pain score was 2.01±0.95 and 2.78±0.99 in Letrozole and Danazol groups, respectively. The mean decrease in pain score in Letrozole group was 1.02±1.09 (p-value=0.00) while in Danazol group; it was 3.06±1.23 (p-value=0.00). This difference in pain score was considerably different in both treatment groups. A higher decrease in pain score was observed in Danazol compared to Letrozole treated gr...

Parvez Khaliq*, Muhammad Azim Malik** and M. Aslam Gill***

EFFECT OF CROPPING SYSTEMS, TILLAGE PRACTICES AND FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON WHEAT STAND ESTABLISHMENT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...e practices x fertilizer treatments) under rainfed condition, during 2000-01 and 2000-02. On the basis of wheat emergence (m-2) and emergence rate index, wheat stand establishment was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the fallow-wheat cropping system compared to maize-wheat, mungbean-wheat, and cowpea-wheat system. Tillage practices (shallow and deep) and fertilizer treatments {recommended dose of fertilizer (F); fertilize...

 Nasreen Sultana* and A.Ghaffar**

... The most effective seed treatments were Benlate, Topsin-M, Carbendazim and Aliette @ 3 g kg-1 seeds which enhanced seed germination and reduced seed infection in bottle gourd. Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Gliocladium virens, Stachybotrys atra and Bacillus subtilis showed better results in the control of pre- and post-emergence infection of L. theobromae in seedling of bottle gourd in vitro and in vivo. G. virens has been found most effective to reduce se...

 Sikander Khan Tanveer, Shaheena Yasmin, Imtiaz Hussain, M.Yaqub Mujahid*, Muhammad Munir and Muhammad Asif**

...eters of wheat. Nutrient treatments included full fertilizer NP (100:100:00), full fertilizer NP + FYM (100:100:20), half- fertilizer NP (50:50:00), half- fertilizer NP + FYM (50:50:20), FYM only (00:00:20) and control (00:00:00). N & P were applied in kg ha-1 and FYM in t ha-1. Wheat variety, Chakwal-86 was planted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Because of different combinations of fertilizer NP and FYM, statistically s...

 Badaruddin Khokhar*, Imtiaz Hussain** and Zafar Khokhar*

...in which four irrigation treatments I3 (irrigation at crown root, booting and soft dough stage), I4 (irrigation at crown root, tillering, booting and soft dough stage), I5 (irrigation at crown root, tillering, booting, anthesis and soft dough stage) and I6 (irrigation at crown root, tillering, booting, anthesis, soft dough and hard dough stage) were in blocks and six wheat genotypes; V–7001, V–7002, V–7004, NARC–9 and CO–9043 and ...

 Rahmat Ullah Khan, Abdur Rashid*, Mohammad Sohail Khan** and Erdogan Ozturk***

...2007-08 and 2008-09. The treatments consisted of HA alone (3 kg ha-1 or 1.5 kg ha-1) and in combination with full (60:40 kg ha-1) and half (30:20 kg ha-1) the recommended rates of NP fertilizers. Results showed that in the first growing season (2007-08), the combination of 3 kg ha-1 HA with half (30:20 kg ha-1) rate of NP produced the highest grain yield (1314 kg ha-1) and increased the yield by 46.9% over the control. In the second growing season (2008-09), a...

 S. Shahid Shaukat*, Mian Sayed**, Aly Khan, M. Azhar Khan* and Babar Qazi***

...;The impact of different treatments on population of three nematode species associated with guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and the yield of guar were investigated. The chemical nematicides and plant extracts significantly reduced the population densities of all three nematodes. Carbofuran was most effective against all the nematodes. Apart from other three treatments, Tridax procumbens emerged as an effective phytonematicide...

Akhlaq Ahmad, M. Anwar Arain*, Rahila Nazli**, Syed Anser Rizvi***,
Mubarik Ahmed* and Farzana Ibrahim****

Corresponding author: dr.akhlaqahmad@yahoo.com

COST EFFECTIVENESS OF UNDER-SHEET AND WHOLE GODOWN FUMIGATION OF BAGGED WHEAT
...ost effectiveness of the treatments was determined, considering the cost of the materials and labour. It was estimated that a single fumigation treatment in under-sheet stacks was around Rs. 1.05 million less than the whole godown fumigation, even though it involved extra cost of polyethylene (PE) sheet. This cost may be partially recovered by recycling the used PE sheet. This is mainly because whole godown treatments requir...

 Parvez Khaliq*, Muhammad Azim Malik**, M. Aslam Gill*** and
Nasir M. Cheema*

Corresponding author: parvezkhaliq786@yahoo.com

EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON MAIZE FODDER YIELD UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN
...w tillage and fertilizer treatments i.e., recommended dose of fertilizer (RF), farm yard manure (FYM) and recommended dose of fertilizer plus farmyard manure (RF+FYM) on maize fodder yield was studied under rainfed conditions of Pakistan. It was observed -2 that the emergence count m , maize fodder biomass, plant height, number of leaves per plant and maize fodder yield enhanced, with the application of RF+FYM. However, the effect of FYM+RF and recommended dos...

 Amanullah, Ahmed Aziz Kurd, Saifullah Khan, Munir Ahmed and Jahangir Khan*

 
Corresponding author:aman_azrc@yahoo.com
BIOFERTILIZER- A POSSIBLE SUBSITUTE OF FERTILIZERS IN PRODUCTION OF WHEAT VARIETY ZARDANA IN BALOCHISTAN
... half mineral fertilizer treatments were compared with a control treatment (no fertilizer). Significant grain yield were measured at all sites, although, at all sites both fertilizer treatments apparently out yielded the control and the biofertilizer + half mineral fertilizer treatment out yielded the high fertilizer treatment by 220- -1 1180 kgha . Fresh yields differed significantly at all sites. At Mastung field, -1 both ...

 Javid Iqbal, Asghar Ali Mian, Tanveer Ahmad*, Shamsul Hassan** and Sohail Hassan Khan* 

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT ECONOMIC TRAITS OF FOUR IMPORTED BROILER STRAINS UNDER LOCAL CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN
...s and designated as four treatments i.e., A (Hubbard), B (Arbor Acres), C (Ross 308) and D (Hybro PN). The chicks were raised under recommended rearing requirements for 7 weeks and the economic traits measured were body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, antibody titres, dressing percentage and economic evaluation as cost of broiler per kilogram live weight produced. The average body weights gained by the birds were 2264g, 2277g, 2256...

 Faisal Khalil, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Ammaz Khan, Fakhar-ul-Hassan and Nabila Bibi*

EFFECT OF GIRDLING AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON PRODUCTIVITY IN OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA)

 Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Fakhar ul Hassan, Qamar ul Hassan, Usman Shaukat Qureshi, Saman Chughtai and Adnan Saleem*

IMPACT OF CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA ANANASSA) CV. CHANDLER
...ign (RCBD) by using five treatments, each comprising three replications with 20 plants per replicate. 

...

 Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed, Muhammad Ansar*, Ashiq Saleem**, Zafar ullah Arif*, H.I. Javed and Rashid Saleem**

IMPROVEMENT OF MASH BEAN PRODUCTION UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS BY RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION AND LOW RATES OF STARTER NITROGEN
...as compared to all other treatments. Inoculation in combination with 50 kg N -1 ha significantly delayed crop maturity. The maximum mean average grain -1 yield (681.5 kg ha ) was augmented with the application of inoculation alone and non significant differences were noted among the varieties. Biological yield were also significantly increased by inoculation and nitrogen fertilization but inoculation alone was more effective by giving maximum economic yield. V...

 Parvez Khaliq*, Azim Malik**, Nasir Mahmood Cheema* and Muhammad Umair***

ECONOMICS OF WHEAT BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN RAINFED AREAS OF PAKISTAN
...ard; and four fertilizer treatments viz., control (C), recommended dose of fertilizer for each crop (F), farmyard manure (FYM) @ -1 5 tha . The recommended doses of fertilizer for individual crop with FYM (F+FYM) were also included in the study to know their impact on the crops yield in the cropping systems. Economic analysis of the data revealed that the traditional wheat-fallow-wheat cropping system could be economically replaced with wheat-maize fodder-whea...

 Muhammad Tariq*, Raja Muhammad Omer**, Muhammad Ashraf Mian*, Obaid Ur Rehman***, Amjad Tahir Virk and Kazim Abbass**

PROMOTING CERTIFIED SEED AVAILABILITY OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L) THROUGH PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND ITS IMPACT ON YIELD IN RAINFED AREAS
...were the same in both -2 treatments. The number of fertile tillers m were significantly higher in certified seed source than the farmer's own seed that resulted in significant increase in grain yield. Other yield contributing parameters including number of spikelet per spike, numbers of grains per spike and 1000 grain weight were at par in both seed sources. It was concluded that healthy and pure seed source gave high seed germination and good crop stand which...

 Arshad Ali, Muhammad Arshadullah, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Imdad Ali Mahmood and Badar-uz-Zaman*

RICE PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL HEALTH AS AFFECTED BY WHEAT RESIDUE INCORPORATION ALONG WITH NITROGEN STARTER DOSE UNDER SALT-AFFECTED SOIL

 Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Muhammad Arshadullah, Arshad Ali and Imdad Ali Mahmood*

EFFECT OF BORON NUTRITION ON PADDY YIELD UNDER SALINESODIC SOILS
EVALUATION OF LEGUME HERBS NUTRITIVE VALUE AS A RUMINANT FEED AND NITROGEN SUPPLY ON SOIL IN WEST TIMOR, INDONESIA
...M was affected by the -2 treatments (P<0.01), being highest in CT (2511.4 g DMm and 2172.1 g -2 -2 -2 OMm ) followed by DL (2351.8 g DMm and 2044.9 g OMm ). Based on this study, CT and DL have potential to develop high biomass production, high digestibility, and adequately contribute NO to the soil. 

...

 Muhammad Arshadullah, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Arshad Ali and Imdad Ali Mahmood*

CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF SULFUR AND CALCIUM ON WHEAT GROWTH AND YIELD UNDER SALINE-SODIC SOILS

 Rabeea Tariq*, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*, Imran Hassan*, Muhammad Rasheed* and Usman Shaukat Qureshi*

EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY AND GROWING MEDIA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY
...yield of strawberry. The treatments were T = Control, with normal planting distance of 30 cm x 1 60 cm and growing media silt, sand and farm yard manure (FYM); T = 15 cm 2 x 30 cm and silt, sand and FYM; T = 30 cm x 60 cm and coir; T = 15 cm x 30 3 4 cm and coir; T = 30 cm x 60 cm and peat moss; T = 15 cm x 30 cm and 5 6 peat moss. Results showed that plants grown at low planting distance on all growth media showed more pronounced results as compared to high p...

 Khalid Naseem*, Naseem Bibi**, Saeeda Raza*, Amer Mumtaz*, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui*, Amina Bibi*** and Muhammad Ahsan Khan****

DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF HIGH ENERGY BISCUITS FOR COMBATING MALNOURISHMENT AMONG CHILDREN IN PAKISTAN
...and iron. Results of all treatments were in acceptable range regarding sensory evaluation. These results indicate that biscuits can be successfully supplemented with chickpea and oat. According to sensory evaluation, biscuits containing 20% chickpea and 15% oat were found to be the best among all treatments and could be a potential composition for preparing high energy biscuits for malnourished areas of Pakistan.

...

 Adnan Umair*, Safdar Ali**, Muhammad Sarwar***, Kashif Bashir**, Muhammad Javed Tareen**** and Muhammad Asghar Malik*****

ASSESSMENT OF SOME PRIMING TECHNIQUES IN MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA) : A GREEN HOUSE STUDY
...ol. All the invigoration treatments significantly improved plant vigor in terms of final germination biomass, root, shoot length and nutrient uptake of mungbean seedlings compared to control (non-primed dry seedling). The application of seed priming also improved the protein concentration at the early stage of seedlings. Phosphorous application through priming significantly improved germination up to 95%, seedling -1 vigour index up to 23.05 and protein conten...

 Khawer Jawad Ahmad*, Asif Razzaq*, Khalida Hamid Abbasi*, Muhammad Shafiq*, Muhammad Saleem** and Muhammad Arshadullah***

THYMOL AS CONTROL AGENT OF MITES (VARROA DESTRUCTOR) ON HONEYBEES (APIS MELLIFERA)
...f variance for different treatments indicated (F=3.64, F>P=0.15) significantly different effect among treatments as well as for the control of mite. The average efficacy of thymol was 73.72% as compared to 69.21% by fluvalinate, 72.23% by formic acid and 13.1% in control. The reduction in the effectiveness of fluvalinate may be attributed to the development of resistance against fluvalinate strip.

...

 Nazakat Nawaz*, Malik Shah Nawaz*, Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Mirza M. Yasin*, Doulat Baig*, Nasir Mehmood Cheema**, Muhammad Amjad** and M. Altaf Sher**

EFFECT OF BORON ON PEANUT GENOTYPES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...s as compared to control treatments during the two years. The boron using efficiency of peanut genotypes declined in the order of BARD-479 > ICG- 7326 > ICGV-92023. A boron fertilizer requirement observed for the -1 highest dry pods yields was 1.0 kg B ha for all genotypes and yield decreases gradually after certain level by increasing boron fertilizer rates.

...

 Farman Ullah Shah*, G. Mustafa Sajid** and Sadar Uddin Siddiqui**

EVALUATION OF MULCHING MATERIALS AS INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT COMPONENT IN MAIZE CROP
...ign, (RBCD) having eight treatments and four replications. The treatments were black plastic, white plastic, sugarcane straw, wheat straw, live mulch, weeds as mulch, hand weeding and weedy check. Weed data -2 -2 included weed density m , fresh and dry weight g m , while crop data -2 -2 -1 included crop density m , fresh and dry weight g m , number of plant plot , -1 stover yield (g), plant height (cm), number of cobs plant ...

 Asghar Ali*, Muhammad Tahir**, Shahid Riaz Malik* and Muhammad Hanif Munawwar*

EVALUATION OF PRE AND POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES FOR WEED MANAGEMENT IN LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK.)
...periment comprised eight treatments including three herbicides, manual weeding and check (no weeding). The yield was higher in manual weeding but in herbicide treatments Isoproturon as pre-emergence @ 2 kg -1 ha produced statistically at par grain yield to that of manual weeding -1 followed by Isoproturon after one month of planting @ 2 kg ha . Both the treatments showed 193.9% and 109.2% ...

 Muhammad Ali*, Ghulam Mustafa Sajid**, M. Faisal Anwar Malik*** and Kalimullah****

ESTABLISHMENT OF IN VITRO CULTURE OF GRAPES
...of cultures to different treatments was dependent both on accession and treatment duration. In conclusion, this protocol proved to be useful in optimizing the dose and duration of the treatment of grape explants with the surface disinfectant.

...

 Muhammad Tahir*, Muhammad Irfan* and Aziz-Ur-Rehman*

EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ZINC ON YIELD AND OIL CONTENTS OF FLAX
...e of ZnSO . All the zinc treatments significantly improved plant height, stem 4 -1 length, fruiting zone length, fruiting branches, number of capsule plant , -1 number of seed capsule , 1000-seed weight, straw yield, seed yield, and seed oil contents compared to control. Therefore, for producing a higher seed yield and oil contents of flax, it is suggested that 3.00% zinc at bud initiation and after capsule filling stage of flax should be used.

...

 ZafarUllah*, Muhammad Azim Malik*, Muhammad Ansar*, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz* and Muhammad Rasheed*

WINTER FORAGE QUALITY OF OATS (AVENA SATIVA), BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE) AND VETCH (VICIA SATIVA) IN PURE STAND AND CEREAL LEGUME MIXTURE

 Nosheen Zahra*, Ghulam Sarwar* and Sher Muhammad**

COMPARISON OF GYPSUM AND POTASSIUM SILICATE FOR RECLAMATION OF SALINE SODIC SOIL
...ly randomized design and treatments were applied to the soil according to treatment plan. Appropriate time was given to achieve the reclamation of saline sodic soil and relative efficiency was assessed through laboratory analysis. After this, rice seedling (Shaheen Basmati) was transplanted in all the pots i.e., 3 plants per pot. Necessary N, P and K fertilizers were applied at the recommended rate. After crop harvest, soil samples were taken for analysis of p...

 Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Abdul Razzaq*

EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASSES AND IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON FORAGE QUALITY
...55%. The CP value of the treatments showed significant variation ranging from less than 10% in grasses to almost 30% in pure Ipil ipil leaves. The mixtures had CP content corresponding to proportions of grasses and legume tree leaves. The CF values also varied significantly among the treatments. Grasses had in general higher CF content than legume leaves. It can be concluded that addition of Ipil ipil leaves to grasses impro...

 Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Raheel Babar*

EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASS OF HETEROPOGON CONTORTUS WITH IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON DIGESTIBILITY IN GOATS
...onsumption among all the treatments. The digestibility percentage of dry matter intake (DMI) varied among the treatments ranging from 68.25% to 41.66%. Mixtures of low palatable grass and Ipil ipil were in general more digestible with more than 65% dry matter digestibility. The lowest digestibility of dry matter (41.66%) was observed in HC 100%. A similar trend was noted for CP digestibility. However, reverse trend was obser...

 Muhammad Ayub*, Rizwan Maqbool*, Muhammad Tahir*, Zoaib Aslam*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem* and Muhammad Ibrahim**

IMPROVED GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE MILL.) THROUGH SOIL APPLIED NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
...nd phosphorus fertilizer treatments (NP in ratio of 0:0, 30:0, -1 0:30, 30:15, 30:30, 60:30, 60:60, 90:45 and 90:90 kg ha ) on growth, seed yield and quality of fennel during 2011-2012. Fertilizer NP dose (90:45 kg -1 ha ) increased plant height by 44%, number of leaves per plant by 76%, 1000 seed weight by 44%, biological yield by 50%, seed yield by 296%, harvest index by 162% and protein content by 6%. However, fertilizer NP -1 (90:45 kg ha ) decreased oil c...

 Tosif Tabassam*, Tariq Sultan**, M.Ehsan Akhtar**, M.Mahmood-ulHassan** and Arshad Ali**

SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT FORMULATED CARRIERS FOR SUSTAINING MICROBIAL SHELF LIFE
...% of soil, six different treatments were formulated and physico-chemical characteristics were determined. Four combinations in the range of 40% clay, 30-40% fly-ash, 10-15% press mud and 10-15% lignitic coal were selected which had good adhesion capacity, moisture holding capacity, nutrient contents and investigated for microbial shelf life. Significant difference regarding microbial survival was observed between different formulations as well as between diffe...

 Muhammad Arshad Ullah*, Nazir Hussain**, Helge Schmeisky*** and Muhammad Rasheed**** 

IMPROVING FODDER QUALITY OF PANICUM GRASS THROUGH INTERCROPPING OF LEGUMES AND THEIR INOCULATION
...-4% as compared to other treatments.

...

 Zafar Abbas*, Ijaz Ahmad**, Adnan Shakeel**, Muhammad Abdullah***, Muhammad Islam**, Sadiq Muhammad*, Ghulam Murtaza* and Mushtaq Ahmad**

EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AND WATER STRESS ON PROTEIN AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS IN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.)
...ized and no water stress treatments. However, phenolic compounds were found higher in fully irrigated plants as compared to water stress ones. Fertilizer treatments had no considerable effect on phenolic compounds.

...

 Ali Raza Shah**, Muhammad Saffar Mirjat**, Abdul Quadir Mughal***, Inayatullah Rajper** and Asif Ali Mirani****

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN A CLAY LOAM SOIL*
...d block design with four treatments i.e., conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), zero tillage (ZT) and controlled traffic farming (CTF) was carried out to evaluate the performance of tillage systems. Results indicated that the soil pulverization was higher (P<0.05) under MT and lower under CT treatments while, it was nonsignificant between MT and CTF treatments. Similarly, soi...

 Imdad Ali Mahmood*, Arshad Ali**, Armghan Shahzad**, Muhammad Asif Masud Ghumman***, Muhammad Arshad Ullah**, Tariq Sultan** and Badar-u-Zaman**

CROP RESIDUES AND PHOSPHORUS EFFECT ON YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE AND WHEAT GROWN UNDER SALINE-SODIC SOIL
...ned. Among P application treatments under no crop residues incorporation, the maximum net benefit (Rs. 75874 and Rs. -1 -1 =65725) and the highest residual values (Rs. 49809 ha and Rs 39160 ha ) for -1 direct seeded rice and wheat, respectively, were attained with 120 kg P2O5 ha -1 which were not again as much as that of 80 kg P O ha application with crop 2 5 residues incorporation. 

...

 Azhar Usman Ali*, Ghulam Sarwar*, Muhammad Aftab* and Sher Muhammad**

EFFECT OF SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLIED COPPER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
...s experiment comprised 5 treatments viz., -1 -1 control, soil application of copper @ 2 mg kg (level 1), @ 4 mg kg (level 2), foliar application of copper @ 1% solution (level 1) and @ 2% solution (level 2). These treatments were replicated thrice. All the pots were arranged using completely randomized design. Soil application of copper was done before sowing wheat seeds. Seeds of wheat (Lasani-2000) were sown and 3 plants w...

Salar Khan Yousafzai*, Shah Masaud Khan*, Khalil ur Rehman**, Junaid Khan*, Sher Aslam Khan*, Ijaz Hussain* and Ishrat Naz***

RESPONSE OF TOMATO CULTIVARS TO DIFFERENT ORGANIC FERTILIZERS UNDER AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF MINGORA, SWAT
...arrangements having four treatments with three replications. Almost all the traits showed significant differences for organic fertilizers and varieties, while their interactions had a varied response. The analyzed data showed that poultry manure -1 -1 gave maximum yield (24.65 tha ), followed by FYM (24.38 tha ) and mushroom -1 compost (24.11 tha ) while minimum was recorded in plots where no organic fertilizer was used. The results revealed that cultivar, Rio...

 Muhammad Farrukh Saleem*, Munir Ahmad*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza** and Abdul Shakoor*

EFFECT OF TOPPING UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS ON EARLINESS AND YIELD OF COTTON

 Muhammad Mansoor*, Noman Latif*, Zafar Islam**, Sher Muhammad**, Amanullah* and Muhammad Umair***

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON SOIL CAPPING IN MUNGBEAN PRODUCTION USING CENTRAL PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN CLAYEY SOILS
...same treatment; however, treatments with -1 -1 45:45 and 30:30 (kg plot ) ranked second and third with grain yield of 1195 kg ha -1 and 1153 kg ha , respectively. It was noticed that the bulk density value of the -3 -3 soil was decreased from 1.754 g cm to 1.123 g cm when pure sand and FYM was -1 applied @ 60:60 kg plot .

...

Muhammad Zahid Kiani*, Tariq Sultan**, Arshad Ali**, Ghulam Qadir*** Imdad Ali Mahmood**, Tauseef Tabassam**, Muhammad Arshad Ullah** and Nasir Abbas* 

EFFECT OF PGPR STRAINS ON SUNFLOWER GROWTH AND NUTRIENT CONTENTS UNDER SALINITY STRESS
...isolated strains in five treatments viz., KS 44, KS 7, KS 41, KS 42 and KS mix under four different artificially developed -1 salinity levels (5, 8, 10 and 12 dS m ) at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Hybrid seeds (SMH 0917) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were used. After six weeks of sowing, plants were harvested and data regarding root length, plant height, root dry weight and shoot dry weight were recorded. The plant growth improved s...

Abdul Hameed Solangi*, Fateh Khan Nizamani*, Aqeel Ahmed Siddiqui*, Muzaffar Ali Khan**, Parwaiz Ahmed Baloch*, Riazuddin* and Khalil Ahmed Solangi***

FIELD COMPARISON AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF GUAR (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA L. TAUB.) GENOTYPES UNDER AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN
... were observed among all treatments at 5% probability level.

...

  Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saqib Shakeel Abbasi and Abid Hussain*

FARMERS PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE APPLICATION OF BIOZOTE IN SELECTED DEMONSTRATED RICE FIELDS AT HAFIZABAD AND SHEIKHUPURA DISTRICTS
...n trials. Four different treatments on each selected plot were carried out for demonstration purpose by a team of technical partners from NARC during 2014. The results are based on farmers’ perception recorded through a structured questionnaire and face to face interviews at their fields. Majority of the host farmers found that plots with biozote had better germination and also found it a good technology for improving rice yield. Non-availability of bioz...

 Muhammad Bilal*, Zafar Abbas*, Ijaz Ahmad**, Muhammad Aslam*, Muhammad Ijaz****, Adnan Shakeel***, Mushtaq Ahmad*** and Kashif Bashir*****

RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT COTTON ( L.) GENOTYPES AT VARIOUS SALINITY LEVELS
...red to salinity gradient treatments. Sodium (Na ), Potassium (K ) and Chloride (Cl ) contents in leaf sap were present more in salinity gradient treatment cotton genotypes as compared to farmer practice. Overall, findings revealed that higher to lower salinity levels did not suit to tested varieties. At optimum salinity stress level, all varieties performed optimally under salt conditions.

...

 Muhammad Tahir* and Neelam Yasin*

EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTS FOLIAR APPLICATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF MAIZE
...ulture, Faisalabad . The treatments comprised of no micronutrient application (control), water spray and foliar application of micronutrients mixture @ 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 ml ha at stem elongation stage of maize. All micronutrients treatments significantly improved plant height, cob length, number of grains rows cob , cob weight, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, grain protein an...

Mehwish Kiran*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani*, Kashif Waseem*
and Muhammad Sohail**

EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RADISH ( L)
...id out in RCD with seven treatments replicated thrice. The treatments included control, farm yard manure (FYM) @ 25 t ha , poultry manure (PM) @ 10 t ha , goat manure (GM) @ 15 t ha , press mud (PrM) @ 20 t ha , sewage sludge (SS) @ 20 t ha and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) @ 120-65-100 kg ha . Data on leaf plant , leaf length (cm), fresh leaf weight plant (g), dry leaf weight plant (g), root length (cm), root diamet...

 Sadaf Javaria*, Muhammad Qasim Khan*, Kashif Waseem*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani*, Habib ur Rahman*, Muhammad Sohail Khan* and Muhammad Sohail**

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON IMPACT OF BIO AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZES ON COMPOSITION AND SHELF LIFE OF TOMATO ( ) FRUIT.
...conducted by combining 7 treatments in completely randomized design with 3 replications. The results revealed that nutrient sources significantly affected different quality parameters including; physicochemical (vitamin C, lycopene, total soluble solids and pericarp thickness); sensory (fruit color, fruit flavor and fruit firmness) and shelf life. It was concluded that bio-fertilizer integrated with Farmyard Manure emerged as better nutrient source over other ...

 Shafique Qadir Memon* , Nadeem Amjad** and Riaz Ahmed Dayo***

INVESTIGATION ENERGY AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF MAIZE PRODUCATION
... block design with three treatments and replicated thrice were used in this study, fertilizers were evaluated on the basis of yield, input/output energy of maize crop. NPK had the maximum output energy gain as compared to cow manure and control treatment gave the lowest output energy. Cow manure used high energy as compared to NPK and control. The results further revealed that other NPK fertilizer treatments were affected by...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Farkhanda Khan2, Muhammad Kashan3, Qadir Ullah4 and Abdur Rauf5
...e of urea application. N treatments significantly affected the N uptake, N use efficiencies, lint yield and fiber quality traits. Drilling of 24 kg N ha−1 as DAP into soil at cotton seeding followed by three top-dressing of 42 kg N ha−1 each just prior to first, second and third irrigations significantly enhanced seed cotton yield, quality, N uptake and N efficiencies compared to conventional practices. In conclusion, drilling...
Fatmagün Aydin1,* and Fatma Burcu Harmantepe2
...he control and all other treatments. Feed intake, specific growth rate, weight gain and final weight were decreased significantly with the increase of sage oil levels in diets (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in hepatosomatic index (HIS), viscero somatic index (VSI) and condition factor (CF). The data of this study show that sage oil can be used to diets of tilapia up to 0.25% without any adverse effect on growth, feed utilization and haematolo...
Alaeldein M. Abudabos*, Abdullah N. Al-Owaimer, Elsayed O.S. Hussein and Mutahar H. Ali
...resulted in four dietary treatments for the period from 15 to 30 days of age. Results revealed a significant two way interaction for body weight gain (BW) and feed intake (FI) (P<0.01) for the first week of the trial (15-22 day). The effect of treatment in the second week (23-30 day) was less pronounced and treatment had no effect on performance. Cumulative performance results for the period (15-30 day) showed that feed intake was affected by temperature (P...
Xiaopeng Tang1,3, Rong Xiang1, Sijia Chen1,3, Shufen Yang1,3, Hu Liu1,3, Rejun Fang1,3,* and Aike Li2,
...mly assigned into 1 of 4 treatments, 1) starvation group, 2) untreated CSM group, 3) FCSM group, and 4) EHCSM group to determinate the Apparent metabolic energy (AME), True metabolic energy (TME) and AA digestibility. Results showed that: (1) CP content in FCSM and EHCSM increased 8.42% (P < 0.05) and 1.11% (P > 0.05), WSP content increased about 5.64 -fold (P < 0.05) and 6.39 -fold (P < 0.05), total AA content incr...
Ali Murad Rahoo1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2, Ali Murad Jakhar3, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo3
.../i> in the 50 and 500 IJ treatments than the 10 IJ dose. On the other hand, the lowest dose of H. bacteriophora did not yield any IJ. Similarly, days did not affect the recovery of nematodes from T. molitor cadavers. However, this effect was consistent over all the exposure periods but in the case of S. feltiae there was a significantly greater recovery from cadavers of larvae that had been exposed to nematodes for longer periods.
...
Hao Zhang,1,2,3,* Hai Tao Nie,3 Tie Wei Ma,3 Zi Yu Wang3 and Feng Wang3
...treatment intake levels (treatments were ad libitum or restricted to 70 or 40% of the ad libitum intake) within 7 slaughter groups. A slaughter group contained 1 lamb from each treatment, and lambs were slaughtered when the ad libitum treatment lamb reached approximately 50 kg BW. Non-carcass components (head + feet, hide, internal organs + blood) and empty bodies of the lambs were weighed, ground, mixed, and subsampled for chemical analyses. The Ca, P, Na, an...
María Magdalena Crosby-Galván1, Bernardino Espinoza-Velasco1 and Mónica Ramirez-Mella2,*
...in vitro assay. Four treatments were evaluated: a control using a standard diet for ruminants elaborated with corn stover, corn grain and soybean meal, and three experimental diets with 10, 20 and 30% dry residue of chihua pumpkin instead of corn stover. Dry matter digestibility and gas production was determined at 24 h of incubation in ruminal fluid obtained from two Holstein cows with a ruminal cannula. Randomized block experimental design was used as an...
Mousa O. Germoush1,*, Mohsen G. Al-Mutary2, Ahmad R. Al-himaidi3, Muath G. Al-Ghadi3, Daisaku Iwamoto3,4, Yousef Al-anazi3, Aiman Ammari3, Javed Ahmad3,5, Abdulaziz Al-Khedhairy3,5
...as assessed in different treatments and then cumulus-oocyte complexes were used for in vitro fertilization. Relative quantitative expression of mRNA transcripts related to apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2), embryo development (LAMA1, IL-6 and FGF4) and stress (HSPB1) were examined. The results showed that 10% and 20% SFF supplementation exerted no effect on maturation and cleavage percentage whereas 40% SFF supplementation significantly decreased maturation and...

Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Zahir Shah1 and Farmanullah Khan1 

... three replications. Six treatments consisted of a control (no strains) and 5 different strains of cyanobacteria i.e Oscillatory-MMF-1 (Oscillatoria princeps), Leptolyngbaya-MMF-2 (Lyngbya mucicola), Leptolyngbaya-MMF-3 (Lyngbya Phormidium), Gloeobacter-MMF-4 (Gloeocapsa) and Microcoleus-MMF-5 (Cryophilus) were applied randomly to flooded rice in pots. Five seedlings of rice (Kianat cv.) were transplanted to each pot on 18th of July 2016. The growth of rice cr...

Imran Khan1, Zahir Shah2, Wiqar Ahmad3*, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Sharif

...over the FP. Amongst all treatments, the 5 t ha-1 FYM and 75% NPK of the RD (INM5:75) stood superior with respect to yield as well as soil fertility status. However, efficacy was negative under deep tillage compared to shallow tillage for all treatments since yield as well as harvest Index (HI), mineral nutrients and OM content in soil were significantly lower and pH and EC higher under deep tillage. Results suggested that, ...

Mehran Ali, Inamullah*, Sajjad Ahmad and Arsalan Khan 

...d plots compared to urea treatments. Conclusively, organic sources incorporated with mould board plough could be better alternative urea to improve maize productivity and soil fertility on sustainable basis 

...
Pasqua Rotondi1, Maria Antonietta Colonna1, Giuseppe Marsico1, Francesco Giannico1, Marco Ragni1 and Anna Maria Facciolongo2,*
...of the following feeding treatments: C) control: commercial pelleted feed; L) pelleted feed containing 3% extruded linseed; LO) pelleted feed containing 3% extruded linseed and 0.6% dried oregano inflorescences. Kids were slaughtered at 60 days of age. Diet did not affect in vivo performances, dressing percentage, pH and meat colour, but it influenced meat tenderness, that was lower (P<0.01) in meat from kids receiving oregano, probably due to the le...

Muhammad Adnan Khan1*, Majid Suhail Hashmi1, Ali Muhammad1, Muhammad Muneeb1, Haris Bilal1 and Gul Wali

...ts demonstrated that the treatments and 90 days storage interval have great effect (p<0.05) on all the experiments of orange date blended squash. The treatment OD2 (orange 80% + date 20%), was found exceptional followed by OD1 (orange 90% + date 10%), while OD6 (orange 40% + date 60%) results found not satisfactory. Moreover, further study is needed to test suitability of orange-date (80:20) blended squash for commercial feasibility to this product. 
Muhammad Nazar Aftab1, Ahmed Ali1, Muhammad Asad1, Sadia Fatima2 and Furhan Iqbal2,*
...ned in both experimental treatments at the end of dose supplementation. Our results revealed that oral supplementation of 80mg/Kg body weight of AlCl3 for 16 days did not affect (P > 0.05) any of the studied parameters of complete blood count. On the other hand, serological parameters like triglycerides (P = 0.0075 ), total proteins (P = 0.042) and creatinine (P = 0.0038)were significantly higher in treated male mice when compared with their untr...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Waqas Wakil3 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*
...) populations in all the treatments. In conclusion, the results revealed the potential of Bt, NPV and flubendiamide for the management of S. litura. Further studies are needed to confirm the potential of these products against S. litura and negative impact on natural enemies under varying climatic conditions, and on different host crops.
...
Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq1, Amer Jamal Hashmat1, Ejazul Islam1, Muhammad Afzal1, Abid Mahmood2, Muhammad Ibrahim2,*, Muhammad Nawaz3,*, Shahid Nadeem4 and Qaiser Mahmood Khan1
...here were four different treatments employed as; T1: wastewater, T2: wastewater with 0.1% electrolyte, T3: diluted wastewater (50% tap water), and T4: diluted wastewater (50% tap water) with 0.1% electrolyte. The color and COD in the effluent were reduced to 47% and 46% in T1, 70% and 52% in T2, 75% and 57% in T3, 80% and 59% in T4, respectively by using iron plate electrodes in four hours. The toxicological studies proved that electrochemical treatment could ...

Abdul Basit1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,4*, Sohail Ahmed2, Gohar Ali2 and Muhammad Javaid

...374g/bed) than all other treatments. Among treatments, yellow colored refractive sheet treatments exhibited maximum fruit fly incidence (i.e. 5 flies/net-sweep and 3-4 maggots/fruit) and fruit infestation (17%) as compared to other color sheets. Minimum fruit fly infestation (6%) and higher marketable yield (855g/bed) was recorded for reduced-risk insecticide spinosad, followed by blue col...

Rizwana Qamar1, Maria Ghias1, Fida Hussain1, Sajida Habib1, Muhammad Khuram Razzaq2*, Muhammad Aslam1 and Imran Habib3 

...h levels of water stress treatments. With the increase in stress, root length and leaf temperature increased, while shoot length, plant fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll fluorescence and relative water content decreased at seedling stage. Hybrid FH-630 and Hysun-33 are identified as the most drought tolerant genotypes used in present study. 

...

Muhammad Fiaz1*, Muhammad Afzal1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2 

...rosea formulations. Both treatments were applied either alone or in binary combinations. There was a significant reduction in psyllid population for all treatment combinations as compared to control (F8, 107 = 70.36; P-value = 0.001 for 2016 and F8, 107 = 63.58; P-value < 0.001 for 2017). Combined application of spirotetramat along with I. fumosorosea formulation has shown a significant synergistic effect against D. citri infestation and is recommended to c...
Sukirno Sukirno1,2, Muhammad Tufail1,3,*, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool1Said El Salamouny1, 4, Koko Dwi Sutanto1 and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood1
...exposure. In virus alone treatments, after 7 days of sunlight exposure, the efficacy recorded was 88%. However, in clove-virus treatment, the mortality was higher (96%) than other treatments. These data also revealed that the second instar larvae were more resistance than the neonates. The efficacy of SpliMNPV at 0 and 7-day against the second larval instar was 88% and 5%, respectively. In clove-treated applications, ...
Yan Li1, Kai Zhan1,*, Junying Li1, Wei Liu1, Ruiyu Ma1, Shengnan Liu1, Haijun Cui1 and Xin Zhang2
...thickness among declawed treatments and yolk color in group 2. Overall feather score of layer breeders was not a significant difference, but the neck region had the lowest feather score in all groups. Preferential trimming methods were the removal of the first and third or second and fourth toes of day-old chicks in Hy-Line strain.
...

Muhammad Shoaib Saleem*, Muhammad Faheem Akbar, Amjad Sultan and Saqib Ali 

...ications, each have five treatments inclusive of control. The recommended doses of Nitenpyram, Clothianidin, Momentum (combination of Nitenpyram+Chlorfenapyr) and Buprofezin were applied when population of insect pests reached at economic threshold level (ETL). Pre-treatment data were taken before 24 hours and post-treatment data were recorded after 24, 72, 168 and 336 hours of each spray. In this manner the data of three sprays were collected. Amongst neonico...
Laiba Shafique1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2, Mehroze Fatima3, Huma Naz4, Qaisra Saddique1
...pared with other dietary treatments. In conclusion, citric acid showed best response as compared to other dietary supplemented organic groups.
...

Fiaz Ahmad1, Mumtaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1 and Muhammad Rizwan3* 

...nces were observed among treatments for all physiological and yield traits except chlorophyll b. Shoot phosphorus contents, shoot sodium contents and number of pods/plant also showed significant differences among varieties. All physiological and yield parameters showed gradual reduction with increasing concentration of lead and water stress. Uptake of Na+, K and P was reduced significantly in all treatments but lead accumula...
Qudsia Yousafi1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Aslam3 and Allah Ditta Abid4
...e Block Design with four treatments each repeated three times. The treatments were T1= removal of infested shoots, T2= Use of light trap, T3= T1+T2 and T4=control. The seedlings were transplanted on April 21, 2013 keeping plant to plant distance of 30cm. Kerosene oil lantern, hung over metallic tray filled with water, was used as light trap. Data for fruit infestation was recorded fortnightly, starting from mid-May, from twe...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Ibrahim A. Alhidary1, Gamaleldin M. Suliman1,2, Abdullah H. Alyemni3, Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady3, Faisal A. Alshamiry1,Mohsen M. Alobre1 and Riyadh S. Aljumaah1
...ibuted to four different treatments as a complete randomized design as follow: Barley grain and alfalfa hay (BA); TMR1 (25.67% NDF; low level); TMR2 (30.88% NDF; medium level-recommended); TMR3 (55.93% NDF; high level). A significantly higher (P<0.05) average daily gain and lower value for the feed conversion ratio of lambs fed TMR2 compared with other dietary groups. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between lambs fed TMRs with different le...
Habib-ur-Rehman1*, Saima Mirza1*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan2, Qurban Ali3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir4, Muhammad Yasir5
...r 24, 48 and 72 h of the treatments application. The findings of experimental trials presented significant mean repellency 79.15% of T. castaneum (with methanolic extract of C. paradise)followed by 76.21% (with R. communis extract)and 63.36% (in J.curcus extract) at 15% concentration, after exposure period of 24 h. Comparatively low mean repellency 58.45, 54.24 and 42.57% was observed at same concentration after exposu...

Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito1*, Tajwer Sultana Syed1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1 and Inayatullah Rajper2  

...oth green manure and IPM treatments. The green manure treatments suffered comparatively higher population of B. tabaci (0.83±0.09) and S. dorsalis (3.43±0.47) than IPM treatment with population of 0.46±0.05 whiteflies and 1.98±0.72 thrips, respectively. However, IPM cotton suffered higher A. biguttula biguttula population (1.01±0.10) than green manure treatment (0.49±0.07). Moreover,...

Muhammad Sajid Mahmood1*, Muhammad Ashraf1, Ijaz Ahmad2, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Sohail Latif4 Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar5 and Waqas Ahmad6 

...summer season, 2009. The treatments were: Control (weedy check), Hand weeding (30 and 45 DAS), Pendimethalin herbicide @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 (recommended dose), Barley W.E. @ 12 L ha-1 (20, 30, 40 and 50 DAS), Barley W.E. + pendimethalin @ 12 L ha-1 + 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1, Barley W.E. + pendimethalin @ 12 L ha-1 + 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1, Barley W.E. + pendimethalin @ 12 L ha-1 + 0.50 kg a.i. ha-1. The combined effect of barley water extract with pendimethalin herbicide on...

Muhammad Zahid1, Naeem Iqbal1, Sohaib Muhammad2*, Summiya Faisal3, Wajid Mahboob3, Makhdoom Hussain4 and Zaheer ud din Khan2 

...priming and foliar spray treatments at vegetative and reproductive stages. Plant growth and grain yields were reduced under drought. Two glucose treatments (10 mM and 50 mM) improved tillering and dry biomass as compared to other treatments. Foliar sprayed-glucose treated plants showed increasing trends in grain yield under drought. Physio-chemical attributes were also modulated by exogeno...
Xiaqing Chen, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...effects were observed in treatments T4 (3.5+40.0), T5 (7.0+20.0) and T6 (7.0+40.0), respectively. The treatment T3 (3.5+20.0) was determined as additive effects according to their cumulative adjusted mortalities, Me and Chi-square values. The current research on the joint action of ethylacetate extracts from T. hamatum with carbendazim offered a promising, safe and effective alternative to fungicides in treatment against S. shiraiana, popcor...
Dan Yü, Chuchu Li, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...cts were observed in all treatments according to the mycelial growth inhibition, Me and Chi-square values. The use of T. hamatum offers a promising and effective co-formulation product or alternative to chemical fungicides in controlling popcorn disease of mulberry.
...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Muhammad Zeshan1,2, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmed1 and Sabir Hussain Shah3 

Ali Sher1*, Khalid Naveed1, Gulzar Ahmad2, Ayub Khan1, Muhammad Saeed1 and Shah Masaud1 

Muhammad Ishfaq1*, Nadeem Akbar1, Imran Khan1, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Usman Zulfiqar1, Muhammad Ahmad1, Mumtaz Ahmad2 and Muhammad Umer Chattha1 

... highest in broadcasting treatments. Maximum net income (USD. 1097.2 ha-1) was obtained from S3 (22.50 cm row spacing) treatment under dry field conditions and BCR 1.5 was recorded in 22.50 cm spaced rows. In sum, 22.50 cm spaced rows are optimum for successful and economic rice productivity under direct seeded rice. 

...
Naeem Ahmad1,* and Zulqurnain2*
...were maintained for both treatments. It was found that there was no significant difference in final total length (TL) and standard length (SL) of the fish in both treatments (P>0.05). However, average monthly weight gain, final total wet weight (WW) and weight gain with increase in TL were higher in GIFT-Th as compared to GIFT-Tw (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in FCR, SGR and K values measured for both <...
Shoukat Ara1, Sheikh Adil2,*and Manzoor Ahmad Khan3
...not differ among various treatments at 19 weeks of age. A non-significant (p>0.05) improvement was observed in the egg weight, shell thickness and weight in all the groups fed Azolla in the diet (T2, T3, T4 and T5) when compared with the control group (T1). The differences in the total number of eggs laid, % hen-day-egg production, various external and internal egg parameters under different treatments were statist...

Madiha Naz1, Qudrat Ullah Khan1*, M. Jamil Khan1, Obaid Ullah Sayal2, Asim Afridi3 and Aziz Ullah Sayal3 

...tatistically at par with treatments recieving manure with foliar NPK. Number of fruits per plant were recorded highest in the pots recieving poultry manure either with Foliar NPK or NAA. The yield of tomato was found greater in the treatments recieving soil applied NP, which was statistically similar in the treatment recieving poultry manure with foliar NPK. The treatments in the current s...

Abdur Rehman1* and Shad Khan Khalil2 

...otted to main plot while treatments (application of chemicals at different growth stages and water spray) to sub plot. Chemicals were sprayed in solution form on the leaves of the canola plants. Results indicated that reducing irrigation water shortened days to 50% flowering (103 days), days to 50% pod formation (120 days) and days to maturity (161 days). Optimum water supply delayed days to flowering (107 days), days to pod formation (122 days) and days to ma...

Shamsher Ali1, Zakir Ullah Jan1*, Zahir Shah2, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Farmanullah Khan2, Inayat ur Rahman3 and Shah Fahad3 

...six levels of fertilizer treatments in sub pots repeated four times. Fertilizers treatments were made from the application of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P2O5) and farmyard manure (FYM) which was collected from cattle barnyard. A total of six fertilizer treatments were used viz T1 = control (no application of inputs), T2 = 130 kg N ha-1, T3 = 130 kg N ha-1 + 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 T4 = FYM @ 20000 ...

Raza Ullah Khan*, Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Zameer Khan, Fayyaz Hussain and Sonia Saba 

Bushra Qadir1, Muhammad Asim2 and Mohammad Akmal1* 

...harvesting three pots of treatments starting in early spring and thereafter during tHEgrowth to the maximum five samplings to study roots and shoot growth. Averaged across varieties and extracts, results revealed that plant length (roots with shoot) was significantly (p<0.05) changed with a minimum at the thermal unit (TU) 677 to a maximum at TU 3257. Averaged across TU and extracts, the variety Cuf-101 showed the maximum plant length, root length and shoot...

Ali Muhammad*, Yasser Durrani, Majid Suhail Hashmi, Ihsan Mabood Qazi, Muhammad Ayub and Saifullah 

...period of one month. The treatments were T0 (not treated), T1 (neutralized with NaOH) and T2 (neutralized with NaHCO3). Statistical analysis showed that storage intervals and treatments had a significant (p<0.05) effect on physicochemical and sensory quality of neutralized whey. 

...

Ambrin Rajput* 

... having three fertilizer treatments; 0:0:0, 30:75:0 and 30:75:30 kg ha-1 of N:P:K replicated thrice with randomized complete block design respectively. The experimental soil was clay loam in texture. Application of N, P and K showed significant effect on chickpea growth and yield parameters. The maximum plant height (85.00 cm), pods plant-1 (43.8), seed index (455 g per 1000 grains), seed yield (1896.0 kg ha-1), total biomass (5205 kg ha-1), straw yield (31050...
Naila Chand1, Shamsullah1, Rafiullah1, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3, Shabana Naz4,*, Ebrahim Rowghani5 and Murad Ali Khan2
... were distributed into 3 treatments, designated as MOS-0, MOS-50 and MOS-100 having MOS at the rate of 0, 50 and 100 g/kg respectively. Each treatment was further replicated 3 times having 10 chicks per replicate. Treatment MOS-0 was kept as control and the birds in this treatment were fed on basal ration without alteration in feed contents while the other treatments MOS-50 and MOS-100 represented 50 and 100 g MOS/kg feed, r...

Shoaib Nawaz1, Muhammad Razaq1, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar1*, Muhammad Sajjad1*, Syeda Aneeza Ubaid1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar2 and Usman Haider

...ation in control and ETL treatments was equal with non-significant difference between them while in calendar treatment population was significantly low. ETL and calendar base treatments give maximum yield because numbers of pest in both treated plots remain control. 

...

Jafar Aqeel Naqi1, Abdul Mateen1, Dilawar Hussain2,*, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Sajjad Hussain1 and Abuzar Tabasum1 

...ompared to other dietary treatments. There observed a significant difference (P<0.05) in FCR among all the dietary treatments with highest in T4 (0.59±0.32). Dietary treatment T5 (10/500g) showed significance difference (P<0.05) in red blood cells (RBC) count (2.82±0.33), white blood cells (WBC) count (6.56±0.83), hemoglobin (24.89±2.67) and hematocrit (37.27±3.8...

Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar*1, Shahid Riaz Malik1, Waqas Ahmad2, Muhammad Sajid Mahmood3, Muhammad Jawad1, Muhammad Asadullah1, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Muhammad Imran1

...ditions of the area. The treatments were five sowing dates (15 June, 25 June, 05 July, 15 July and 25 July) and two promising genotypes (NM-11, NCM-2013). Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement by using three replications. Data regarding growth, yield attributes and yield were collected and analyzed. Considering the individual effect, results depicted that among genotypes G2 (NCM-13) exhibited significant...

Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ammarah Hasnain2, Ateeq ur Rehman1 and Rashida Perveen1 

... rice. Besides this, all treatments showed significant effect on the agronomic traits of rice plants. The reduction of disease in all the trials along with healthy crop stand in glass house and field indicated that these decoctions might play an important role in biological management strategies for the control of BLB of rice. The present research may provide an avenue for the formulation of new bactericides for future uses. 

...

Muhammad Kashif Asghar1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1,2*, Shahid Riaz Malik2, Waqas Ahmad3, Sumaira Zareen4, Safdar Ali5 and Abid Ali6 

...ted to different priming treatments including hydropriming, osmopriming (with 1, 0.1 and 0.01 mM B) using boric acid as a source of B. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement in triplicate run. Results from the experiment revealed that all the seed treatments significantly improved achene yield, yield attributes and oil contents of sunflower. However, seed priming with 1 mM ...

Zubina Hameed1, Muhammad Azim Malik1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Farina Shaheen1, Ijaz Ahmad2 and Khisrao Kalim3 

...when compared with other treatments. The highest biological yield (10.55 t. ha-1) and grain yield (3.57 t. ha-1) were recorded in plots treated with Buctril-super along with highest benefit-cost ratio (2.52). Therefore, Buctril-super is recommended for best control of broad-leaved weeds and taking an economical yield of wheat. 

...

 *Muhammad Waseem1, Dost Mohammad Baloch1, Ghulam Khaliq1,
M. Rashid1, Qurban Ali2 and Mustajab A. Khan3

INTENSIFICATION IN BAMBOO (Bambusa bambos L.) TRAITS IN RESPONSE TO ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL NITROGEN ALONG THE COAST OF ARABIAN SEA
...ed traits in response to treatments. The results indicated that significant correlation was found among the traits such as plant height, number of culms per plant, stem diameter of culms and growth rate of newly emergence culms per day also showed higher vigour under the application of treatment combination {50% N from urea (the recommended dose) + 50% N from Farm Yard Manure (FYM)}. It was suggested that the growing of bamboo should be produced through the us...

 Tahir Abbas*1, Khawaja Raees Ahmad2, Asmatullah3, Khalid Pervaiz Lone4, Muhammad Ali Kanwal2, Sadia Suleman2

Reno-hepatic protective effects of Jambul against chromium induced anomalies in mice

Muhammad Zafar*1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2, Asmatullah3

Efficacy of methamidophos, fenpropathrin and metasystox against aphid population within the response of Brassica campestris at Multan
...our replications and six treatments in the research farm of Babar Agricultural Farm at Old Shuja Abad Road, Multan. Different insecticides showed different mortality of aphid population. Of the three insecticides tested, methamidophos resulted in more than 80% mortality in the aphid population and more than 30% increase in the yield, whereas fenpropathrin and metasystox produced mortality of 80% and 72% respectively. The result of this study indicated that the...

 Jhan Zeb, Muhammad Javed

Forecasting percentage contribution of plankton biomass towards increase in fish yield under composite culture conditions
...p<0.01) under all the treatments, showing the direct dependence of fish yield on plankton
productivity. The order of percentage contribution of plankton productivity towards increase in fish yield is T3 ≥ T4>
T1> T6> T7> T5> T2. Regression model developed for T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7 illustrated 63.40, 51.60, 64.50,
64.00, 52.20, 58.70 and 54.00% dependence of increase in fish yield on plankton productivity, respe...

 Maleeha Manzoor1,2*, Ruijuan Ma2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabssum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1

Microalgal-bacterial consortium: a cost-effective approach of wastewater treatment in Pakistan
...ia for wastewater
treatments has proved more effective in biomass production, nutrient cycling and bioremediation of organic
pollutants, heavy metals and many other contaminants. The biodegradation approach of involving consortium might
attain self-sustaining level and may prove technically cheaper and advance technology. It will finally help in dealing
the dual mission of producing valuable metabolites and pollutants/nutrients remo...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Khalid Usman2*, Muhammad Arif1, Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi3, Muhammad Munir4 and Imran Khan

... block design having ten treatments (including 9 exotics plus 1 local genotype) and three replications. The results showed that there were significant variations in all the parameters except moisture content that was found to be non-significant in 2013. The comparative assessment of the exotic germplasms investigated in this study displayed better performance over the local check in both the study years. The maximum germination (84.1 % and 85.4 %), number of f...
A.M. Abdul Azeem, A.N. El Shahat* and Ashraf M. Mounir
...peels powder. Concurrent treatments of lead-injected rats with GPE induced significant reduction in serum activities of liver enzymes, level of hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation and plasma levels of caspase 3 associated with significant increase in the levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone in addition to marked improvement in the level of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione content and the activity of super...

Misbahullah, Shad Khan Khalil, Asim Muhammad*, Afza Tabassum and Shah Fahad  

... spike-1 were found when treatments applied 50% at emergence + 50% at tillering or tillering stage. Days to heading were found non-significant. It is concluded that sorghum extract concentration 1:4 with 988g ha-1 of weedicide affinity applied at tillering stage is recommended for high days to heading, anthesis, physiological maturity, amount of tillers-2, area of flag leaf and more spikelet’s spike-1 of wheat crop. 

...

Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Iqbal1 and Malik Muhammad Hashim2 

...Design (RCBD) having six treatments i.e. (I1= 05 days’, I2= 10 days’, I3= 15 days’, I4= 20 days’, I5= 25 days’, and I6= 30 days’’ interval) and three replications. Data were recorded on total chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, plant height (cm), number of leaves plant -1, leaf length (cm), leaf area (cm2), leaf weight plant-1(g), root weight plant-1 (g), root/top ratio, root length (cm), root diameter (cm), sucrose%,...
Muhammad Amir Iqbal1, Nabila Roohi1*, Ahmad Qureshy2

 

...renal function, whereas, treatments achieving euthyroid state after anti-thyroid therapy also influence these deviations.
...

Saima Yousaf1,2, Ali Zohaib2*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Tahira Tabassum2, Tasawer Abbas3, Sohail Irshad4, Usman Javed5 and Naila Farooq6 

...oybean. Seed inoculation treatments [control (no treatment), nitrogen fixing bacteria (Rhizobium japonicum) and phosphorus solubilizer (Pseudomonas fluorescens)] were applied to three different cultivars of soybean (EBR4V4, Freedom and Swat-84). The results showed that seed inoculation with R. japonicum and P. fluorescens improved the grain yield, biological yield, oil content and protein content of soybean, as compared to un-inoculated control. Seed inoculati...

Ali Bakhsh1*, Mashal Rehman1, Said Salman1 and Rehmat Ullah

...r plant in both watering treatments. Water stress on an average, caused a reduction of 13% in days to first square formation, 14% in days to first flower formation, 19% in plant height, 18% in monopodial branches, 26% in sympodial branches, 27% in number of bolls per plant, 14% in boll weight, 4% in ginning out turn and 37% in seed cotton yield. GeFH-326 showed better performance for sympodial branches, bolls per plant, fibre strength and seed cotton yield und...

Salman Ali*, Inamullah, Muhammad Arif, Mehran Ali, Muhammad Owais Iqbal, Fazal Munsif and Arsalan Khan 

Muhammad Asad Saleem1,*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Mudssar Ali1, Muhammad Amin2, Muhammad Tayyab1,3 and Sumaira Maqsood4
...recorded in the combined treatments. Moreover, decrease in weight gain, frass production and cumulative gain in size was found when larvae were treated with integrated effect of Bb and Nit. Depending on the lethal of treatment, development duration of RPW was disturbed. Integration of Bb and Nit delays the development and diet uptake in RPW which can be used for agent of control for this cryptic insect.
...
Muhammad Tufail1, Naila Chand1, Rafiullah1, Shakoor Ahmad2, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3 and Shabana Naz4,*
... were distributed into 3 treatments with 3 replicates having 20 chicks per replicate. One group was kept as control and the birds in this treatment were fed on basal ration without alteration in feed contents while the other treatments MOS-50 and MOS-100 represented 50 and 100 g MOS/kg feed respectively during the finisher phase. Treatment MOS-100 improved feed intake significantly (P<0.01) at the age of 4th an...

Mehran Ali1*, Inamullah1, Muhammad Bilal2, Salman Ali1, Farooq Nawaz1 and Muhammad Owais Iqbal1 

...d plots compared to urea treatments. Conclusively, urea incorporated with cultivator gives higher yield but organic sources incorporated with MB plough could be better alternate for urea to improve maize productivity on sustainable basis. 

...

Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Tahir Amin1, Muhammad Riaz2, Zafar Iqbal3 and Fiaz Hussain

... conducted in 2016 using treatments irrigation intervals (10, 15, 20 and 25 days) and Bt cotton varieties (MNH-886, CRIS-342, and CRIS-134) as main- and sub-plots treatments, respectively. Total irrigation water used in irrigation treatments, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days intervals were 1125, 750, 560, and 450 mm, respectively. Each experimental unit was 10 × 3 m2. Results showed that all ...
Jian Wang1,*, Zhi Liu2, Sheng Xu2, Mei-Fen Hu2, Xiao-Rui Liu1 and Wen-Jie Cai1
... 48 h after Hemodialysis treatments, the levels of CXCL8 and mRNA in peripheral blood of the patients have a certain degree of up-regulation, but there was still no significant difference between the patients with and without infection (t=1.6975, P=0.0985; t=2.0575, P=0.472). CXCL8 can be as a sensitive indicator of the immunological reaction of micro inflammation in the patients, and tightly correlated with the merger of infection....
Ali Murad Rahoo1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2, Barkat Ali Bughio3 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4
.... feltiae in all the treatments. The mean numbers of H. bacteriophora emerging from G. mellonella larvae were 272,600 from T. molitor medium were 194,600 and in T. molitor small were 21,900. Whereas, emergence of the mean numbers of S. feltiae IJ emerging from G. mellonella were 136,000 from T. molitor medium were 51,200 and in T. molitor small were 12,940, respectively. G. mellonella was found...

Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Syed Burhan-ud-Din2, Muhammad Fahad Khan1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3, Azhar Ali Khan3 and Naila Ilyas1

...ssociated compounds. All treatments were supportive in suppressing plant infection as compared to infected control, but the most promising outcome of treatments was observed when SA and BTH were applied at the concentration of 5mM and 150mg/L respectively. Three weeks’ analysis of treated mungbean leaves with SA and BTH exhibited peak accumulation of phenols and defense related enzymatic antioxidants. Highest enzymatic...

Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza2, Sami Ullah1, 3*, Malik Muhammad Yousaf2, Ahmad Mujtaba1, Mumtaz Hussain2, Muhammad Jahangir Shah2, Bashir Ahmad2 and Ijaz Ahmad4 

...rmed as the experimental treatments. Results showed that maize hybrid sown under deep tillage gave the maximum grain yield (7.2 t ha-1), number of grains cob-1 (528), 1000-grain weight (265 g), plant height (205 cm), plant population (7.2 plants m-2) and stem diameter (1.58 cm), cob length (19.1 cm), biological yield (19.5 t ha-1) and harvest index (37.0%), while lowest grain yield (3.08 t ha-1), number of grains per cob (319), 1000 grain weight (204 g), plant...
Wen Chao Liu1,2, Kwan Sik Yun3 and In Ho Kim2,*
...e randomly allotted to 4 treatments. Each dietary treatment consisted of 8 replicate cages, with 16 birds per replicate. The 4 dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based diets and supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% 1,3-DAG, respectively. During d 1-14, with increasing the dietary 1,3-DAG levels from 0 to 0.15%, the body weight gain (BWG) was improved (linear, P<0.01), whereas the feed conversion ratio (FCR) wa...

Zafrullah Khan* and Shah Alam Khan 

... experiment having eight treatments and each treatment was replicated 10 times. The replicated pots containing each of the eight potato cultivars were infested with 100 and 200 adult of M. persicae. Significant antixenosis effects among the tested potato cultivars were observed while the different durations of M. persicae infestation on potato cultivars also displayed significant antixenosis effects against M. persicae during the spring and autumn experiments ...

 Syed Turab Raza1,*, Zhu Bo1,*, Zulfiqar Ali2 and Tang Jia Liang3

...red for two months. Four treatments (T1 to T4) were prepared using crop residues i.e. wheat straw, rapeseed and cow manure in different concentrations. Vermicomposting through biochar (Biochar 50%, rapeseed residues 20% and Biochar with earthworms) gave maximum increase in soil fertility with maximum decrease (39.63%) in C:N ratio. Significant increase of N content in nutrients and reduction in C: N ratios during this process shows conversion of harmful...

 Muqader Shah1,*, Hafsa Zaneb2, Saima Masood2, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Salahud Din1, Shakirullah3, Imad Khan2, Ambrina Tariq4 and Habib ur Rehman5

...T2 compared to all other treatments under HS. Drip losses was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the treatment groups compared to T2. Muscle fascicle diameter (MFSD) and muscle fascicle cross sectional area (MFSCSA) were significantly (P<0.01) lower in T2 and T3 while higher (P<0.01) in all other treatments under HS condition. Muscle fiber number (MFN) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2, T5 and T7 compared to t...

 Abdul Khaliq1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Akhlaq Ahmad2 and Yasir Iftikhar3

...ts in various quarantine treatments. Therefore, resistant strains of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Rhizopertha dominica (Fabricius) and Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) were tested against phosphine and bio fumigants to check their fitness and potential following by F1 generation. Phosphine fitness in term of mortality mean calculated at 300 ppm was minimum against weevil but highly effective against red flour beetle after 24hours w...

Saqib Bashir* and Bashir Ahmad 

...igeon pea green manuring treatments as 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days post emergence were allotted to main plots, where crop was incorporated in soil at different days after emergence (DAE), this was done in previous season before sowing of wheat crop, whereas nitrogen levels as 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1 were allotted to sub plots in the field where wheat crop was sown. Data were recorded on emergence m-2, days to maturity, plant height, thousand grains weig...

 Asad Sultan1, Rabia Ali1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Sarzamin Khan1, Naila Chand1 and Ambrina Tariq3

...to four dietary bioassay treatments and fed mash red and white sorghum grain with or without phytase enzyme (500 FTU/kg) for 12 days (including 4 days adaptation period). Standard lab protocols were adapted to measure proximate analysis, minerals and phytate content in grain and fecal samples. Sorghum cultivars were different in nutrient profile with red higher in protein content (11.41%). It was observed that phytase inclusion in grain increased the availabil...

Gulnaz Saleem1, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1*, Nouman Rashid2 and Mehar un Nisa Narejo3 

... (p>0.05) amongst all treatments. The study concluded that biscuits might be prepared from lentil flour especially at the level of 21 and 28% considered most excellent by the panelists with respect to all sensory attributes. The biscuits supplemented with wheat; lentil flour at all proportion ratios was found to be acceptable for sensory quality. 

...
Bushra Siddique1,*, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Naeem1 and Muhammad Ali2
... by visual searching.The treatments with different combinations of plant extracts and semiochemicals were used for natural enemypreference experiment. The experiment was conducted with seven treatments and five replications at Glass house situated in Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi field area during Feb-April, 2015. The Coccinella septempunctata were collected from wheat crop plants. They rem...

Fraza Ijaz1*, Umair Riaz2, Shazia Iqbal3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Muhammad Furqan Ijaz5, Hina Javed1, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Zuhra Mazhar3, Ahmad Hassan Khan6, Hassan Mehmood7 and Ijaz Ahmad8 

... Berseem. Total of eight treatments was planned to conduct an experiment. Results revealed that the nodule mass (0.523 g plant-1), highest plant height (103.45 cm), number of seeds per head, thousand seeds weight were recorded with Co-inoculation + Tryptamine @ 10-5 M (T8). Nutritious Parameters crude protein (30.23%), neutral detergent fiber (33.45%) and acid detergent fiber (26.56%) gave significant results as compared to control (T1). Results indicated that...

Bina Khanzada1*, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed1 and Nazir Ahmed2 

...th the years compared to treatments

...
Muhammad Shoaib Saleem* and Muhammad Faheem Akbar
...licates each having five treatments with control. Pre-treatment data were collected before 24 h and Post treatment data were collected after 24, 72, 168 and 336 h of each spray. In this manner, the data for three sprays were collected. The order of effectiveness in decreasing sequence was found to be Nitenpyram, Buprofezin, clothianidin and momentum (75%), (65%) (64%) and (63%), respectively against whiteflies’ population.
...

Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed 

...actors i.e. insecticidal treatments (F 9, 245 = 146.90, P < 0.001) and time (F 4, 245 = 445.75, P < 0.01) and their interaction (F 36, 245 = 9.20, P < 0.001) had a significant effect on the mortality of mealybug nymphs. The most effective novel chemistry insecticides against D. mangiferae mealybugs were sulfoxaflor, spirotetramat, thiamethoxam and pyriproxyfen with mean mortality and LT50 values of 64.00±3.50% and 31.67 h, 62.67±2.64% an...

Imdad Ali Mahmood1, Muhammad Imran2, Muhammad Sarwar1, Matiullah Khan1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2, Shoaib Ahmed1 and Shahid Riaz Malik

... was determined from the treatments where Zn was applied under PGPR inoculation. 

...
Fazal Wahab1, Naila Chand1, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Nazir Ahmad1, Urooba Parvez2, Zia ur Rehman3 and Shabana Naz4,*
...ayers were assigned to 4 treatments; FS-0, FS-0.5, FS-0.75, and FS-1 with 3 replicates, each with 5 birds. Birds were kept in cages for 28 days in open sided house. FS-0 was kept as control while treatments FS-0.5, FS-0.75 and FS-1 were provided with fenugreek seed powder in the ration at the rate of 0.5, 0.75 and 1%, respectively. Egg production and feed intake was recorded on daily basis. Egg weight, egg shell weight, egg ...

Amjad Ali1*, Wiqar Ahmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Motasim Billah1 

..., 5-10 mm particles size treatments and the control was 2.48, 2.06, 1.99 and 1.81 mg kg-1, Zn was 0.41, 0.36, 0.33 and 0.31 mg kg-1, Mn was 1.23, 1.05, 1.02 and 0.89 mg kg-1, and Cu was 0.51, 0.38, 0.37 and 0.26 mg kg-1, respectively. Bizote-N and Rhizogold treatments OM (1.5 and 1.48%) showed 3 and 0.7% increase over the control (1.47%), respectively,. Bizote-N induced increase in Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu (2.16, 0.61, 1.23 and ...

Zafar Abbas1*, Muhammad Mubashir1, Umair Riaz1, Zeenat Javid1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Saeed ur Rehman1, Muhammad Javid Qamar1, Syed Ali Zulqadar1 and Shahzada Munawar Mehdi2 

...ree replications and six treatments. Treatments are arranged as control T1 (Without fertilizer + No Poultry Manure + No compost), T2 (NPK full dose @ 150 kg ha-1N, 75 kg ha-1P and 60 kg ha-1K), T3 (full dose of poultry manure (PM) @ 30 ton ha-1), T4 (50% NPK+50% Poultry Manure i.e. 75 kg ha-1N, 37.5 kg ha-1P and 30 kg ha-1K +15 ton ha-1 PM), T5 (full dose compost @ 30 ton ha-1), T6 (50% NPK+ 50% compost i.e. 75 kg ha-1N, 37....

Munazza Yousra1*, Sair Sarwar1, Muhammad Mahmood Ul Hassan1, Muhammad Zameer khan1, Abdul khaliq2, Shahbaz Ahmad1 and Shamim Ul Sibtain Shah3 

... on the first day in all treatments except control. Zinc release from Zn-EDTA was much higher as compared to ZnSO4. Similarly, the pot experiment conducted with the same set of treatments and crop responded well to Zn fertilizer application. The results showed a consistent increase in Zn concentration with the increasing Zn doses in both varieties. The maximum Zn concentration recorded was 67.6 and 79.5 mg kg-1 @ 8 mg Zn kg-...

Ammara Saeed* and Noor-ul-Amin 

...ltivars were tested with treatments of 3 levels of phosphorus (30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) and potassium (20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) each as well as combined. Results showed that when plants were supplied with phosphorus at 60 kg ha-1 and potassium at 40 kg ha-1, it significantly improved studied variables, such as early days to sprouting (11.5 days), days to flowering (35.0 days), maximum number of branches plant-1 (11.4), number of leaves branch-1 (19.0), flower stal...
Asima Azam1, Asma-Ul-Husna2, Saima Qadeer3, Qaisar Shahzad4, Rabea Ejaz1, Nemat Ullah5, Tasneem Akhtar4 and Shamim Akhter2,*
...up III compared to other treatments. Both treatment groups were equally effective (P > 0.05). Results also indicated that synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) medium was found better than M199 when co-cultured and conditioned with buffalo oviductal epithelial cells for culturing buffalo embryos. Conditioned SOF is recommended to be used as IVC media in future studies as it eliminates contamination problem, remove batch to batch variation, long-lived and is readi...

Masooma Munir1,2*, Abdul Ahad3, Asra Gull1, Aqsa Qayyum2, Nouman Rashid Siddique2, Amer Mumtaz2, Naeem Safdar2, Barkat Ali2, Muhammad Nadeem1 and Tahir Mahmood Qureshi

...of snack food bars. Four treatments were prepared by increasing the level of spinach in apricot bars and storage was done up to 3 months. Moisture and sugar content decreased with storage time while ash and fiber contents remained same during storage. The mineral and ash contents increased significantly (p < 0.05) among the treatments. Total sugars ranged from 64.77% to 67.29%. Reducing sugars were high than non-reducing...
Unal Kilic1*, Abdiwali Mohamoud Abdi1 and Deniz Ekinci2
...f 2 different LiP enzyme treatments (Available –Not Available) and 4 different treatment groups (control, 4% urea, 10% molasses and 14% urea+molasses (4% urea, 10% molasses). Hohenheim gas test was used in in vitro gas production measurements while infrared methane analyzer was used to determine methane production. The experiments were conducted as per the randomized factorial design in randomized complete blocks. In terms of crude protein content...
Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Moez Ayadi1 and Abdullah H. Alyemni2
...domly into three dietary treatments two months before parturition (Late gestation). Lambing percentage, lamb birth weight, lamb weaning weight and mortality rate were recorded. Blood samples were collected regularly during the different stages and analyzed for different important nutritional metabolites. In addition, colostrum, at parturition, and milk samples on day 30, 60 and 90 postpartum were collected for nutrient contents. The results showed an improveme...
Naimat Ullah1, Sarzamin Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3, Shahbaz Javaid4*, Tarique Tonio1 and Asif Mahmood5
...gt;0.05) among different treatments. Body conditions score was recorded significantly higher (P<0.05) in fat supplemented groups B (3.65) and C (3.78) as compared to group A (3.09). A significant increase (P<0.05) was observed in motility percentage, progressive motility percentage and semen concentration (million/ml) of group B and C. Treatment groups showed no significant effect on straightness of sperm (P>0.05) except live to dead ratio (P<0.01)...
Xiaopeng Tang1, Wen-qin Su1 and Re-jun Fang1,2,*
...tment and 5 levels of CT treatments (1×10-12 to 1×10-8 mol/L), and each treatment has 6 replications. Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT method. Cell morphology and phosphorus concentration in the cell supernatant were measured after 24 h of CT treatment. The NaPi-IIb protein expression was determined by Western Blot, and the NaPi-IIb mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. The results showed that, compared ...

Rashid Iqbal1,2, Mathias Neumann Andersen1*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza2, Muhammad Adil Rashid1 and Salman Ahmad2 

... wheat. These irrigation treatments were started at anthesis stage and maintained for 30 days. For FI and DI, 100 and 50% of evapotranspiration (ET) was replaced by irrigating the entire pot surface every 4-5 days. For PRD, root system was split into two equal halves and during each irrigation event, only one-half of the root system was irrigated with the same amount of water as applied to DI, and subsequently, irrigation was switched to the second half. PRD i...

Zubaria Malik, Zahir Shah* and Muhammad Tariq 

...els in subplots. Biochar treatments were no biochar (T1), 20 t biochar ha-1 in each season (T2), 40 t biochar ha-1 in winter (T3) and 40 t biochar ha-1 in summer season (T4). Root samples of wheat and maize were collected at harvest stages and assessed for AMF colonization. Soil samples were also collected at the time of root sampling and analyzed for AMF spores. The results showed that neither root colonization of AMF in wheat and maize nor AMF spores density...
Xiaopeng Tang1,2, Rejun Fang3,4,*, Guochang Pan1,2 and Kangning Xiong1,2,*
...were divided into 1 of 5 treatments: i) control group (0 ng/mL EGF), ii) 50 ng/mL EGF group, iii) 100 ng/mL EGF group, iv) 150 ng/mL EGF group, and v) 200 ng/mL EGF group for using chamber test. The results showed that (i) the LDH activity of isolated intestine increased (P < 0.05) sharply during 30 min, at 60 min, the LDH activity of isolated intestines reached a high level; (ii) EGF increased (P < 0.05) the transepithelial electrical resi...
Adel E.M. Mahmoud1, AdamCieślak2, Paulina Szulc2, Anna Łukomska3 and Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel2,*
...nts did not differ among treatments. Crude fiber content increased linearly with increased dried sugar beet pulp percentage in rations, with significant differences in D2, D3 and D4. Content of NDF was significantly higher in all experimental groups when compared with control group, whereas non-fibrous carbohydrates content decreased in all groups as the effect of corn grains replacement by dried sugar beet pulp. Complete substitution of yellow corn by sugar d...

Mehwish Kiran1, Muhammad Saleem Jilani1, Kashif Waseem1*, Muhammad Sohail Khan1, Fazal Haq2, Muhammad Amjad Nadim3, Ghazanfar Ullah3 and Salma Shaheen

...zed design, comprising 6 treatments (control, NPK + FYM, NPK + PM, NPK + GM, NPK + PrM and NPK + SS) and 3 replications. Data for leaves’ count plant-1, leaf length (cm), leaves weight (g plant-1), root size (length & diameter), root weight (g plant-1), total biomass (g plant-1), root yield (t ha-1) were collected and analysed. Results showed significant improvement in almost all studied parameters with the application of NPK and different organic ma...
Chen-Yu Sun, Wen-Chao Liu*, Mei Xiao, Zhi-Hui Zhao and Li-Long An*
...e randomly allotted to 4 treatments. Each dietary treatment consisted of 6 replicate cages, with 15 birds per replicate. The 4 dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based diets and supplemented with 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg betaine, respectively. During d 1-14, with increasing the dietary betaine levels from 0 to 2000 mg/kg, the BWG was improved (quadratic, P<0.05), whereas the FCR was decreased (linear, P<0.01)...

Muhammad Sharif1*, Sadullah1, Ghulam Rasool2, Muhammad Nasir Khan1, Zubair Rehman1, Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Khalid Hussain4 

... was conducted under the treatments, i.e. conventional tillage (CT), Zero tillage (ZT) and Chisel plough (CP) during the year 2016 at the field research area of Balochistan Agriculture College, Quetta. The study was designed to compare conventional versus conservation tillage practices and their effects on soil physico-chemical properties such as total organic carbon (TOC), infiltration rates, soil water contents (SWC), soil reaction (pH), electrical conductiv...

Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad2 

...make its layout. All the treatments were replicated four times. Sorghum was used as test crop. Pre and post-harvest soil analysis was carried out for different physical and chemical characteristics. Sorghum biomass, plant height, plant diameter and no of plants/m2 were noted and it was observed from results that leaching fraction technique proved useful to mitigate the ill effects of brackish water. All the collected data were subjected to statistical analysis...
Muhammad Khalid Rafique1, Rashid Mahmood1,*, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1,Imran Bodlah2 andFarid AsifShaheen2
...dded grafting than other treatments. The queen spermatheca diameter, emergence rate and mating rate were not found to be affected by the treatments and rearing interludes. Additional research is suggested and needed for clear recommendation.
...
Manzoor Hussain*, Marie Maňasová, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...anicillium muscarium treatments alone or with nematodes had significant (P = 0.01) positive effects on plant shoot and root growth among all other treatments in the experiment. After L. muscarium and the chemicals (Vydate and Basamid), Stropharia rugosoannulata ranked second in reducing the nematode numbers of galls, egg masses, and second-stage juveniles (J2) and rate of nematode repro...
Shad Mahfuz1,2, Shuyuan Wang1, Mo Chen1, Fei Zao1, Dong Zhen1
Zhongjun Liu4 and Hui Song1,3*
...hens were grouped into 5 treatments with 7 replications of 3 hens each. Dietary treatments included a basal diet as control; antibiotic (0.05% flavomycin); 2% FVW; 4% FVW; and 6% FVW for 8 wk. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance using SPSS software followed by Duncan’s test probability of p<0.05. During the experimental period no significant differences were observed in egg production, egg mas...
Abdul Majeed1*, Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq2, Abid Niaz3, Abid Mahmood4, Naeem Ahmad1 and Hafiz Muhammad Walyat Ali Khan1
...ariety under salt stress treatments than V05003. Salt tolerant variety also showed higher potassium contents and photosynthetic rate in salt stress soil medium. Thus plant Na+, K+ contents, and photosynthetic rate in soil and hydroponic medium can be used as standards to screen salt -tolerant varieties.
...
Wiqar Ahmad1*, Farmanullah Khan2, Muhammad Sharif2 and Muhammad Jamal Khan2
...lots and four fertilizer treatments viz the control, farmer’s practice (FP) (N:P2O5 @ 60:45 and 15:30 kg ha-1 for cereals and lentils), recommended dose (RD) (N:P2O5:K2O @ 120:90:60 and 30:60:0 kg ha-1 for cereal and lentils) and integrated nutrient management (INM) (N:P2O5:K2O + FYM @ 60:90:60 kg + 20 t ha-1 for cereals and 7:30:0 kg ...
QihangLiu1,2, YueliJiang2, Tong Li2, Jin Miao2, Zhongjun Gong2, Yun Duan2, and YuqingWu2*
...n developing light-based treatments to help control locust populations via exploitation of their phototactic responses to different light sources.
...

Illahi Bux Bhatti1, 2*, Imran Khatri2, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani2 and Riffat Sultana

...icant difference between treatments i.e., T1 and T8, T2 and T3 and T6 and T9. The results indicated that, all control methods significantly reduce whitefly infestation and improve cane and sugar yield over control treatment. 

...

Sohaib Afzaal1,4*, Usman Hameed2, Nasir Ahmad3, Klas Udekwu4, Paulina Pastuszek4 and Muhammad Saleem Haider1 

...des using pasteurization treatments. Both types of pasteurization treatments including High Temperature Short Time (HTST) and Low Temperature Long Time (LTLT) were applied to all of the strains. On applying LTLT treatment, maximum viability was found in the BSM-43 (42.84%) while minimum viability was shown by CYG-362 (26.10%). In case of HTST treatment maximum viability was shown by BSM-43 (41.67%) while minimally viable str...

Muhammad Shahzad Akbar*, Maria Aslam, Muhammad Rehan Khalid, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed 

...ct concentration for all treatments. The floral extracts of basil (O. basilicum) and Tecoma (T. stans) exhibited maximum termite mortality (i.e. 55.5 and 50.0%, respectively) with minimum LC50 and LT50 values, followed by the extracts of chrysanthemum (G. segetum) and African marigold (T. erecta). Overall study results suggest that above mentioned floral extracts can be further characterized for potential botanical pesticide formulations against insect pests s...

Matiullah Khan1*, Motsim Billah2, Shoaib Ahmad1, Raza Ullah Khan1 and Muhammad Sarwar1 

...a-1 as compared to other treatments. The residual effects of PEC applied at the rate of 6 Mg ha-was superior by producing 36.2%, 14.2% and 7.0%increased grain yields over those of control, PLC and SSP, respectively. The post-harvest soil extractable P value and plant P uptake were significantly higher in the treatment where PEC was applied to the previous crop at 6 Mg ha-1 over rest of the treatments. It was concluded that P...
Mo Chen1, Shad Mahfuz1, 2, Yan Cui1, Liying Jia1, Zhongjun Liu3 and Hui Song1, 4*
...ere grouped into 5 equal treatments with 5 replications of 6 hens each. Dietary treatments included basal diet as a control group; control diet including antibiotic (0.05% flavomycin) as an antibiotic group; 2% FVS fed group; 4% FVS fed group and 6%FVS fed group. The experimental duration was total 63 days, from 30 wk to 39 wk. Serum total antioxidant (T-AOC) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in 6%FVS than control; glutat...

Muhammad Saleem1*, Ehsan Elahi1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi1, Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1, Hajra Ibrahim2 and Muhammad Ali3 

...o all plots of different treatments. The economical important plant growth parameters ; height of plant (cm), stem girth, diameter of flower disk (cm), quantity of achenes (head-1), weight of 1000 achenes, oil (%) in achene, yield (ha-1), and sulphur content (%) in plant straw were evaluated. The values among the treatments for higher plant height (161.80 cm), wide stem girth (4.80 cm), flower head diameter (15.40 cm), maxim...

Tanveer Ahmad1*, Muhammad Mujtaba Rafiq1, Waqas Ahmed Dogar2, Abid Mahmood Alvi3, Qumer Iqbal4, Muhammad Azam5 and Arshad Ali Khan6 

Shaukat Ali1,*, Sadia Batool2, Fatima Javed Butt2, Sundas Nasreen1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1
...es and bio-nanoparticles treatments (i.e., green synthesized metallic nanoparticles) attracted many researchers to conclude a novel cancer treatment strategy. Unluckily every strategy had some working limitations as a result of which cancer remained a catastrophe for humanity. The present review article devised the modern cancer treatment paradigm which proposed directions towards probiotics or biotics-cancer treatment strategy. The probiotics are present in t...

Imran1*, Amanullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Zahir Shah2 and Abdul Bari3 

...d-96) crop. Experimental treatments included three organic sources, three phosphate rates and two beneficial microbes. Weeds found during the whole growing period of soybean crop were Euphorbia heterophylla L, Phyllanthus fraternus L., Portulaca oleracea L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., IPomoea nil L., Erigeron canadensis L., Echinochloa crus-galli L., Asparagus officinalis L., Cynodon dactylon L., Digera muricata L., Cyprus rotundus L. and Solanum nigrum L. T...
Sumaira Abbas1, Muhammad Sultan Haider2,*, Fatima Kafayet1, Sana Ashraf2, Atifa Masood3 and Moazma Batool4
...es (P<0.05) among all treatments in weight gain and FCR. Maximum color intensity 1.52±0.08 and carotene concentration in lateral and tail region, 0.4±0.01 and 0.05 ±0.02 were recorded in T3 without any harmful effect. It is concluded that citrus peels are good, natural, low price Carotene source for color enhancement.
...
Zekeriya Demir1 and Hatice Kaya2*
...llocated to four dietary treatments and fed a control diet (Pol-0), basal diet plus 0.5% (Pol-1), 1.0% (Pol-2) and 1.5% (Pol-3) bee pollen. The present study lasted for twelve weeks. During the experimental period, the hens were fed ad-libitum and water was available all the times. The hen house was lit for 17 h. The layers fed with diets including BP showed linear increases in final body weight and body weight changes calculated from initial and final ...

Roshan Ali1, Afsar Ali2, Shamsher Ali2, Muhammad Arshad Khan3*, Haroon Shahzad3, Noman Latif3, Muhammad Waheed4, Ashraf Khan5 and Murad Ali6 

...ging in Swat valley. The treatments consisted of control, 50 kg silicon ha-1, 100 kg silicon ha-1 and 150 kg silicon ha-1. Field had 12 plots with size of 12 m× 6 m = 72m2. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 treatments having three (03) replications. Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) variety JP 5 was tested. The maximum plant height (90 cm) was recorded in T4 when silicon was applied at...
Khursheed Ahmed, Shoaib Freed*, Rana Fartab Shoukat and Kanwar Waqas Ahmad
.... Moreover, the combined treatments decreased the adult emergence, male and female longevity, while increased the nymphal duration. The results indicated that these entomopathogenic fungi can provide better control in combination with insecticides and can be used in integrated pest management for reducing the population density of O. hyalinipennis.
...

Awais Ahmed Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal1 and Muhammad Atiq2 

...mical alterations. These treatments effectively enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total phenolic contents. Salicylic acid showed highest POD activity (8.4 U/min g protein), SOD (6.96 U/ min g protein) and TPC (3.21 mg GAE/ 100g of sample) as compared to control where POD (1.13 U/min g protein), SOD (1.46 U/ min g protein), and TPC (1.14 mg GAE/ 100g of sample). Amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the signaling molecul...

Asim Munawar1,2*, Farooq Ahmad1, Aqsa Arshad1, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi3 and Chengjuan Liang4 

...rin as well as phosphine treatments. Field strains collected from various geographical locations were observed more resistant then lab strains. Calculated LC50 values was very less in field strains as compared to lab strains. Maximum mortality of lab and field collected strains of R. dominica and T. castaneum was observed against phosphine than against deltamethrin. Our results suggest that field strains experienced with different out door conditions was less...

Ghulam Murtaza1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Fakhar Mujeeb2, Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Ayesha Zafar1  

...xperiment comprised of 9 treatments having 4 replications; T1 = canal water, T2 = saline water having EC value 2 dS m-1, T3 = saline water having EC value 3 dS m-1, T4 = T1 + organic matter @ 5 Mg ha-1, T5 = T2 + organic matter @ 5 Mg ha-1, T6 = T3 + organic matter @ 5 Mg ha-1, T7 = T1 + organic matter @ 10 Mg ha-1, T8 = T2 + organic matter @ 10 Mg ha-1 and T9 = T3 + organic matter @ 10 Mg ha-1. The experiment was laid according to randomized complete block de...

Muhammad Sohail Memon1*, Khadim Ullah1, Altaf Ali Siyal1,2, Naimatullah Leghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto1, Syed Tahir Ata-ul-karim3, Muhammad Tahir4 and Noreena Memon1 

...ofile with three testing treatments viz. T1 with raised bed size = 0.6 m, T2 with raised bed size = 0.8 m and T3 with raised bed size = 1.0 m. The soil samples were collected from depth desired depth to analysis the Physical chemical properties before and after the trial. Irrigation water was measured through cutthroat flume at each irrigation interval and the total water consumed by ridge ground was 500 mm. The solute transport and soil water content in the r...

Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz*, Khalil Ahmed, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Faisal Nawaz and Muhammad Sarfraz 

...fit as compared to other treatments and is suggested as most cost-effective technique for turnip production under moderately salt-affected soils. 

...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2
...alves were kept on these treatments for 4 months. Initial body weights of the calves were recorded at the start of the trial and then weighed fortnightly. The overall weight gain per day in four months of feeding trial differed significantly between two groups. It is concluded that camel is a good candidate for feedlot.
...

Ajmalud Din1*, Munir Ahmad2, Fahad Masoud Watto2, Sheraz Ahmed1, Imtiaz Ali1 and Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah

...ree replications and two treatments. The experiment was conducted during 2015-16 in the experimental site of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Data were recorded on drought-related physiological traits viz. proline content, osmotic adjustment, excised leaf water retention (ELWR), relative water content (RWC), cell membrane stability (CMS), chlorophyll content and canopy temperature. Mean squar...

Asif Yaseen1, Muhammad Israr2*, Allah Bux Khan1, Ahsan Javed3, Nafees Ahmad4 and Zia Ullah

... Punjab, and multinomial treatments effects were used to analyze the data. The results indicated though participation in traditional marketing channels (with intermediaries) is still profitable, high value marketing channels appeared more attractive alternative, having been shown to offer increased net income to smallholder citrus growers. Findings showed the importance of production experience and know-how of quality issues are the significant determinants of...

Yousaf Ali1, Muhammad Zamin1*, Ibadullah Jan1, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Mazhar Hussain3, Fazli Rabbi4 and Muhammad Amin

... of four planting medium treatments (compost, mixture, clay and sand) and six tomato genotypes (Nadir, Money Maker, Pakit, Nagina, Roma and Rio grande) with three replications. The results revealed that the combination of compost and mixture has significant effect on shoot height, number of leaves, stem and root length, however stem diameter was significantly affected by compost and non significantly affected by genotypes. As far as the genotypes performance i...

Nosheen Noor Elahi1, Muhammad Shafique1, Muhammad Imtiaz2, Umer Farooq3* and Muhammad Rashid1 

...t all levels of salinity treatments, while in varieties CM44 and CM98 nodules were formed at salinity levels of 0-50 mM NaCl and completely inhibited at 100mM NaCl. The total protein and nitrogen contents increased with concurrent increasing levels of NaCI. The plants treated with 50 mM NaCI had maximum amount of protein contents as compared to those at 0mM NaCI level. Varieties CM91 and CM2000 had higher protein contents than CM44 and CM98. At I/50 level of s...
Elmas Ulutaş1,*, Abdullah Eryavuz2, Aziz Bülbül2, Abdur Rahman3,*, İsmail Küçükkurt4 and Cangir Uyarlar5
... concentration among the treatments, except for 1000 ppm zinc supplementation. High zinc supplementation to diet increased (p<0.05) the liver Zn and Fe concentrations and mohair Fe levels but decreased the kidney Cu concentrations. It was concluded that the goats can tolerate the supplementation of high zinc in diet.
...
Peng Peng1,3, Xiaopeng Tang2*, Dun Deng3, and Rejun Fang1*
...ucks were divided into 4 treatments, 1) Control group (0% GM in the diet), 2) 3% GM group (3% GM in the diet), 3) 6% GM group (6% GM in the diet), and 4) 9% GM group (9% GM in the diet). All groups had 8 replicates and 15 birds were included in each replicate. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. Results showed that: (1) the DM, CP, EE, CF, Ash, Ca,...

Muhammad Rasheed*, Tayyaba Naseer, Asma Hassan, Fayaz ul Hassan, Rifat Hayat, Ghulam Jilani, Samman Gul Vaseer and Muhammad Bilal Ali 

...Masoor 2009 and NIA 2005 treatments were used viz BS0 (control), (Pseudomonas stutzeri), BS2 (Lysinibacillus pakistanensis) and BS3 (Pseudomonas stutzeri + P2O5@40kg/h). Application of BS3 enhanced the plant height (31.423 cm), leaf area plant-1 (15.459 cm2), leaf area index (1.9323) and leaf area duration (110.84). Among the different lentil cultivars, NIA 2005 gave the better response regarding these traits. The maximum fresh weight plant-1 (7.2560 g) and dr...
Saeed Murtaza1, Abdul Sattar1*, Nasim Ahmad1, Muhammad Ijaz2Maqsood Akhtar3 and Muhammad Shahzad4
... postpartum period among treatments. Furthermore, milk composition results showed that fat, protein, lactose, freezing point, SNF and solids were significantly higher (P<0.05) in group-2 and group-3 as compared to group-1 except density and pH which remained non-significant (P>0.05) in all groups. On the basis of result, it may be concluded that oxytocin had no effect on uterine involution and progesterone; however, it had some role to affect the normal ...
Sumaira Akram1, Sajid Aleem Khan1*, Nazir Javed1 and Saeed Ahmad2
...ght and root weight. All treatments evaluated in this study exhibited suppression of MG. Therefore, these treatments can be used in combination against MG infestation on wheat.
...
Meriem Msaad Guerfali1,*, Heitham Hamden1, Salma Fadhl1, Wafa Djobbi1, Lotfi Sillini1, Wafa Marzouki1 and Mohammed Ammar2
...the nature and number of treatments. The samples were subjected to ingestion toxicity bioassays of malathion and spinosad at different concentrations. Histopathological effects of spinosad were also studied and showed that for doses up to LC50, annoying effects begin to appear in glial and neurosecretory cells. The LC50
Asim Faraz*
...actorial arrangements of treatments under completely randomized design. After 120 days trial period the mean body weight and average daily gain (ADG) of male and female calves was significantly increased (P<0.05) in IMS as 80.8±2.7, 77.8±2.7 kg and 0.67±0.02, 0.65±0.02 kg/d than EMS as 64.7±2.6, 52.3±2.6 kg and 0.54±0.02, 0.44±0.02 kg/d of male and female calves. Intake of crop residues (P<0.05) was...
Ali Asghar1*, Tariq Mukhtar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Asim Gulzar2
...r highest densities. The treatments where bacterium was applied individually at different densities, wilt took maximum days to appear as compared to the treatments where bacterium and nematodes were applied in combinations. Similarly, the incidence of bacterial wilt was lower where the nematode was absent. Minimum wilt incidence was recorded at the lowest density of R. solanacearum. The wilt incidence increased signif...
Xuhui Zhang1, Zhiyuan Sun2, Jinfeng Cai1, Guibin Wang1, Zunling Zhu1, Linguo Zhao3 and Fuliang Cao1,*
...allocated into 5 dietary treatments including five variations: control group, fed with the basal diets; NF group, the addition of 3 g/kg NF products; FR1, FR2 and FR3 groups, addition of FR products 1 g/kg, 3 g/kg and 6 g/kg, respectively. There was no difference in body weight gain, feed intake and feed intake/gain ratio between treatments. Compared with the control group, the percentage of the abdominal fat, sarcous fat an...

Rehman Ullah Khan* and Muhammad Ayub 

...e vera blended pulp. The treatments were as GABP0 (control), GABP1 (0.1% P.S), GABP2 (0.1% K.M.S), GABP3 (0.1% S.B), GABP4 (0.05% each P.S and K.M.S), GABP5 (0.05% each P.S and S.B), GABP6 (0.05% each K.M.S and S.B), GABP7 (0.033% each P.S+ KMS and SB). The guava aloe vera blended pulp samples of all treatments were packed in pet bottles and stored at ambient conditions for six months. The results revealed significant declin...

Pushpa1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Shahla Karim Baloch2, Mehmooda Buriro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Muhammad Tahir Khan3, Qamar Uddin Jogi1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1 and Farheen Deeba Soomro1 

...ua under three different treatments i.e. 25, 50 and 75g. The effect of these weed powders on seed germination (%), shoot length (cm), root length (cm), shoot fresh weight (g), root fresh weight (g), shoot dry weight (g), root dry weight (g), and seed vigor index of test species was investigated under laboratory conditions. The powder of weed plants produced significantly (p<0.05) harmful outcomes on all growth parameters of wheat varieties as compared to th...
Mohammad Ejaz1, Salma Javed2, Muhammad Hamza1, Sadia Tabassum2, Muhammad Abubakar3, Irfan Ullah4*
...al endophytes for cancer treatments
...

Noor-us-Sabah1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Sher Muhammad

... in the study. Following treatments were applied in three replicates i.e. T1- control (recommended NPK), T2- ½ of recommended NPK, T3- full dose of FYM, T4- full dose of press mud, T5- full dose of compost, T6- full dose of poultry manure, T7- full dose of sesbania green manure, T8- T2 + ½ FYM, T9- T2 + ½ press mud, T10- T2 + ½ compost, T11- T2 + ½ poultry manure, T12- T2 + ½ sesbania green manure. After sufficient tim...

Ahmad Naeem Shahzad1, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi2, Samee Ullah1, Muhammad Latif3, Shakeel Ahmad1 and Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari1* 

...cotton leaves under salt treatments indicated that growth was primarily restricted by the osmotic component of salt stress. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase) in plant leaves were increased in response to salt stress. Treatment of stressed plants with trehalose considerably improved the growth attributes and reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, indicating its ameliorative role in salt stress alleviation....
Hifzulrahman1, Muhammad Abdullah1*, Muhammad Uzair Akhtar2, Jalees Ahmed Bhatti3, Muhammad Saadullah1 and Muhammad Naveed-ul-Haque2
...avi buffaloes received 2 treatments in a completely randomized design with a period length of 120-d. The treatments were 1) Ctrl = basal diet without supplementation of fat, 2) Ca-FA = basal diet with calcium salts of palm fatty acids supplementation. The Ca-FA treatment increased the 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield by 11.0% compared with the Ctrl, whereas, the actual milk yield remained unaffected. The Ca-FA treatment increas...
Renlong Lv1*, Ken-Ichi Horiguchi2, Shin-Ichi Tagawa3, Shoichi Ichihara4 and Norio Yoshida
...ey were divided into two treatments (rapeseed diet and jatropha diet) randomly and were tested by using a cross over method. Rapeseed meal and jatropha meal were relaced to the feed as a concentrate with proportion of 5% in experiment I and 10% in experiment II. The ingestion rate of sheep fed the jatropha diet was lower than that of the rapeseed diet. The feed of jatropha diet and rapeseed diet were all ingested in experiment I. However, jatropha meal treatme...

Saira Bano, Muhammad Naeem* and Samrah Masud 

...beo calbasu, under three treatments (T1, T2 and T3) fed at different crude protein (CP) levels ratios i.e., 15%, 20% and 25% CP. Fish were first collected, acclimatized, kept in triplicate aquaria under controlled conditions in three groups (T1, T2 and T3) and then 5 fish were selected from each treatment at the end of 12 weeks of feeding trial from January to April, 2018, during which fish were fed at the rate of 4% of their body weight. The blood variants we...

Rabia Iqbal, Muhammad Naeem*, Samrah Masud and Abir Ishtiaq 

..., reared under different treatments. Mean water and fat contents showed highest percent values in T1 (15%CP), while ash and protein contents were found highest in T3 (25%CP) in the hybrid fish. Protein and lipid showed inverse relation as with increasing dietary protein levels as T3 (25%) feed showed highest protein content and lowest lipid content. Inverse relation was seen between water content and fat content. % water showed relationship with % fat, % prote...

Muhammad Safdar Hussain1*, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz2, Muhammad Ayyoub Tanvir2 and Noor-E-Hira

...s carried out with three treatments: Well-watered, 25% and 50 % drought to achieve said objective. It was found that drought negatively affected plant growth. The mean heights of E. camaldulensis and T. aphylla were maximum (38.16 and 34.7 cm, respectively) at control irrigation while minimum height was found (17.1 and 24.9 cm, respectively) at 50% drought. So, the reduction in plant height of E. camaldulensis was more (55.6%) as compared to T. aphylla (28.1%)...

Faisal Hafeez, Asad Aslam*, Ayesha Iftikhar, Afifa Naeem, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar and Muhammad Jawad Saleem 

...mmended field doses. The treatments were applied on cotton crop when the jassid population was above ETL level. The most effective insecticide found was Nitenpyram, having minimum population per leaf (0.35, 0.23 and 0.31 in 2018 and 0.53, 0.33 and 0.42 in 2019 after 1, 3 and 7 days of spray), followed by Chlorfenpyr both years. However, Acephate was ineffective to control jassid population. Moreover, the order of percentage population change/reduction is as un...
Sohail Ahmed1,*, Muhammad Waseem Saleem1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Shahid Nisar2, Rashad Rasool Khan1 and Abdul Rashid3
...us, making a total of 15 treatments including separate application of each above and a control where none was applied except water only. Results showed significant difference amongst treatments (p <0.05). Application of spinosad alone and in combination with other control methods proved to be the most effective treatment. Releases of bio-agents viz., C. septempunctata and C. carnea resulted in ...

Ghulam Mohi Uddin Paracha* and Yasser Durrani 

...nds was carried out. The treatments in this study included BPo [peach persimmon blend (6:4)], BP1 [peach persimmon blend (6:4) + potassium sorbate (0.1%)], BP2 [peach persimmon blend (6:4) + potassium metabisulphite (0.1%)], BP3 [peach persimmon blend (6:4) + sodium benzoate (0.1%)], BP4 [peach persimmon blend (6:4) + potassium sorbate (0.05%) + potassium metabisulphite (0.05%)], BP5 [peach persimmon blend (6:4) + potassium sorbate (0.05%) + sodium benzoate (0...
Tehreem Usman1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3 and Qaisra Siddique1
...Results showed that both treatments caused a significant (P<0.01) decline in CAT activity and TPC of C. idella as compared to control group. CAT activity and TPC decreased with the passage of time. Among both treatments, ES+CPF caused greater decline in CAT activity and TPC. It was concluded that insecticides in mixture form are toxic to fish and response of biomarkers depends on the type of toxicants and exposure ...

Ahmad Khan1*, Raza Ullah Khan1, Sadia Khan2, Muhammad Zameer Khan1 and Fayyaz Hussain1 

...tainer, consisting seven treatments, whereby HS was given either as soil applied (at the rate 0, 15,30,45,60 mg l-1) and as foliar ( 100,150 mg l-1) The experiment was laid out in CRD under greenhouse conditions. Three seeds of chickpea variety Dhasht was sown in each pot which was thinned to one plant. Results show that highest plant height of 45cm was obtained when HS applied at the rate of 30 mg l-1as followed by 44.67cm where HS was applied @ 45mg l-1. The...

Ayesha Zafar1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Sarfraz2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sher Muhammad3 and Ghulam Murtaza

Muhammad Jan1*, Safdar Hussain2, Muhammad Anwar ul Haq3, Javed Iqbal4, Ilyas Ahmad4, Muhammad Aslam4 and Aiman Faiz3 

...t BT cotton variety. The treatments were T0: Control T1: FYM @10 tons ha-1, T2: Compost @10 tons ha-1 and T3: FYM @10 tons ha-1+ Compost @10 tons ha-1. Three BT cotton varieties (BT-142, Lala zar and BT-786) were tested against the organic sources applications impacts. The application of compost and FYM in combined increased the physical parameters number of bolls per plant, plant height, sympodial branches, monopodial and seed cotton yield as compared to comp...

Wajiha Anum1*, Liaquat Ali1, Umair Riaz2*, Abid Ali1, Nadia Manzoor3, Laal Hussain Akhter4, Asad Ur Rahman5, Naeem Maan6 and Ijaz Ahmad

...on wheat. The fertilizer treatments were F1=150-00-60 NPK kilogram/hectare, F2=150-30-60 NPK kilogram/hectare, F3=150-60-60 NPK kilogram/hectare, F4=150-90-60 NPK kilogram/hectare, F5=150-120-60 NPK kilogram/hectare. While the placement methods were M1=Line sowing + Band application of phosphorus, M2=Line sowing +Broadcast application of Phosphorus at sowing, M3=Line sowing + Broadcast application of P at first irrigation. Yield and yield determining parameter...

Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Luqman2, Muhammad Arshad Javed2, Syed Wasim Hasan3 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed

...er field conditions. The treatments included some most effective conventional and novel chemistry insecticides, botanicals and cultural control practice (i.e. two under-canopy deep hoeings with 15 days interval along with lower-branch pruning) alone or in combination with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (@ 1x108 conidia mL-1). First experiment was conducted in March 2016 and 2nd was performed from November 2016 to March 2017 in a citrus (Citrus ...

S. Ahmed† , L. Yue, Q. Liu and H. Jian

Evaluation of media for mass production and fermentation of Pseudomonas spp. for integrated management of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae)
...ferent media and control treatments. All tested strains of Pseudomonas spp. showed stability on pH ranges from acidic pH5 to neutral pH7 and towards basic pH8 against the second stage juvenile (J2) mortality assay. 

...

U. A. Al-Karim, A. A. Alshimaysawe, A. E. Mohammed† , W. A. R. Aljaafri and F. A. Al-Fadhal

Evaluation of biological seed treatments for management of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton
...Burkholderia spp., seeds treatments drastically suppressed the number of eggs isolated from cotton roots compared with the non-treated control. Abamectin also inhibited the number of vermiform life-stages found in the soil as compared to the nontreated control. Biological seed treatments produced no negative effects on plant growth. The use of different biological control agents as seed treatments

A. S. M. El-Nuby1† , S. A. Montasser2 and I. A. El-Khadrawy

Control of root-knot nematodes using wild plants colonized Sinai, Egypt
...o trial post inoculation treatments were effective than pre one, the maximum reduction in nematode population was recorded by A. judaica (87.0%) followed by A. monosperma (83.0%) then Z. album1 (79.0%), while the lowest suppressor was C. monacantha (60.4%) at stock concentration. The addition of extracts as soil drench was better than spraying them. The stock solution showed the highest reduction in nematode reproduction but the differences between 100% and 75...

 Gulzar Mehmood1*, M. Zahid Khan1, Haseeb Ur Rahman1, and Sohail Abbas2

AN EFFICIENT AND SECURE SESSION KEY ESTABLISHMENT SCHEME FOR HEALTH-CARE APPLICATIONS IN WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS
...n making and therapeutic treatments. However, one of the main issues with
WBAN in medical applications is security and patients’ information privacy. In such applications ensuring human
vital sign privacy and security is very important. To address this important issue, in this paper we propose a novel
secure session key establishment scheme for WBAN in health-care domain to ensure security and privacy of vital
sign related to ...

Shafiullah1*, Mohammad Nafees2 

MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY COAGULATION/ FLOCCULATION PROCESSES VIA OPTIMIZATION OF INOCULATION DOSE AND SETTLING TIME
...coagulation/flocculation treatments were given by applying different doses of ferric chloride in
combination of calcium hydroxide. Effective removals of pollutants were obtained by using ferric chloride and calcium
hydroxide in ratio of 2:0.5 mL for settling time of 13 minutes. As treatment results, not only removed suspended
solids (86%) but a tremendous decrease was observed in color, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity by
...

Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Hidayat Ullah Khan3, Abdul Shakoor4, Shahnaz Attaullah5, Ishrat Rahim1 

PROJECTION ETCHING OF KERATIN THIN FILMS FOR FABRICATION OF SKIN STRUCTURE USING ARF EXCIMER LASER
...ffective studies of skin treatments, large areas of model skin need
to be generated. Therefore an ArF excimer Laser wavelength (193nm) with the ability to pattern square mm areas
per pulse was used even though the maximum repetition rates are typically an order of magnitude slower. Keratin
samples with different film thicknesses were ablated with different pulses. The depth of the ablated keratin layers with
different pulses were al...

Shabana Rafique1, Shahnaz Parveen Khattak1, Tanveer Hussain2, Faiza Tauqeer1, Bashir Ahmad3 

EVALUATION OF FLEXURAL RIGIDITY AND ABRASION RESISTANCE OF POST AND META-FINISHED PIGMENT DYED P/C FABRICS
...ctional finishing
treatments for polyester/cotton (P/C) blended fabrics; further to assess its effect on flexural rigidity and abrasion
resistance. The simultaneous finishing and pigment dyeing is more economical than conventional method, since, more
energy can be conserved by using same machinery for dyeing, finishing, drying and curing. Furthermore, elimination
of post wash treatment in this method caused little or no contaminatio...

Imran Shehzad1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Sher Muhammad2 and Ghulam Murtaza

...xperiment consisted of 4 treatments replicated four times and randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to make layout. Treatments were; T1 = canal water, T2 = water of EC 2.0 dS m-1, T3 = water of EC 3.0 dS m-1 and T4 = water of EC 4.0 dS m-1. Maize was sown as test crop. Pre and post-harvest soil analysis was carried out for different physical and chemical characteristics. Soil samples were collected from all the pl...

 Muhammad Nafees*, Asim Nawab*, Wisal Shah**

STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT DESIGNED FOR INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS
... purpose three different treatments .i.e. Lime, Alum and Alum+Lime
were applied. The optimum doses identified were 25, 35 and 26:13 ml respectively. The settling time was 25, 35 and
20 minutes respectively for lime, alum and alum+lime. The results revealed that the combine treatment (Alum +
Lime) effectively removed suspended load up to 90%, along with 82% BOD, and 80% COD respectively. Therefore,
it was conclude...

 Abdul Malik*, Abdul Sattar Shakir**, Muhammad Jamal Khan***, Muhammad Latif**, Zia-ul-Haq*

YIELD RESPONSE AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF SUGAR BEET IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT UNDER DIFFERENT DEFICIT IRRIGATION REGIMES
...r all deficit irrigation treatments the root yield was low but the sugar content and water use efficiency were improved. Average root yield for full irrigation was found as 59.75 tonnes ha-J where for 60 % deficit irrigation root yield was 32.02 tonees OO-J• Average sugar content for full irrigation was 14.14%, and for 60 % deficit irrigation sugar content was 16%. Where, the root water use efficiency was in the range of 8.13 for full irrigation to 10.87 ...

Saba Iqbal1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Hafiz Muhammad Nasrullah1, Asmat Ullah1 and Hafiz Muhammad Akram2

Response of Cotton to Application of Organic and Inorganic Source of Nutrients in Semi-Arid Climate

Sikander Hiyat1, Nazim Hussain1, Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani2*, Muhammad Nasir Abbas2, Smana Raza3, Javed Shabbir Dar4 and Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir5 

...ereas, mepiquat chloride treatments (control, MQC0), mepiquat chloride 0.61 liter ha-1). Vegetative (plant height, number of monopodial and sympodial branches, no. of nodes plant-1) and reproductive growth and yield (no. of flowers plant-1, no. of square plant-1, no. of open and un-open bolls plant-1, seed cotton yield and cotton seed yield) parameters were recorded. The results revealed that exogenous application of mepiquat chloride @ 0.61 L ha-1, significan...

Hina Imtiaz1*, Salma Khalid2, Kashaf Riaz1, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Zubair Rehman

...agulant. Three different treatments were practiced i.e. Alum, Lime and Alum+ Lime. For alum, lime and alum + lime the settling time interval was 40, 35 and 20 minutes respectively. Results revealed that the combine treatment (Alum + Lime) effectively reclaimed Total Suspended Solid (TSS) up to 85%, along with 80% BOD, and 75% COD. Waste management is core issue that affects the health of people residing in surroundings of Nullah Lai stream. During the question...

Ghulam Murtaza1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Ashraf Malik2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad3 

...is trial comprised of 09 treatments which were; T1 = irrigation of canal water, T2 = irrigation of EC 2 dS m-1 water, T3 = irrigation of EC 3 dS m-1 water, T4 = T1+ FYM at 5 Mg/ha, T5 = T2 + FYM at 5 Mg/ha, T6 = T3 + FYM at 5 Mg/ha, T7 = T1 + FYM at 10 Mg/ha, T8 = T2 + FYM at 10 Mg/ha and T9 = T3 + FYM at 10 Mg/ha. The design of research study was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The test crop was sorghum cultivar “Hegari&r...

Matiullah Khan1*, Humera Arif2, Muhammad Rasheed2, Motsim Billah3 and Shoaib Ahmad

...pan, irrespective of the treatments and locations. However, the highest P in all reacted RP was recorded on day 90. Beyond day 90, the P content showed a declining trend, especially in reacted RP of Paswal and Kakul. These results reveal that with the change in mineralogy of RP, the requirement of H2SO4 for solubilizing P also changes hence, separate formulation will be workable for all the three locations. These results also indicate that Guldania RP has a go...
Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...f Lab-S population after treatments with bifenthrin and bifenthrin: chlorpyrifos combination 3:1, respectively. After exposure to chlorpyrifos and bifenthrin: chlorpyrifos combination 1:3 the AchE activity was increased 45.24 and 64.28%, respectively. This increase was much more prominent in the 6th instar larvae viz., 93.95, 45.57, 182.52 and 132.61% following treatments with bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, 3:1 ...

Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Abdul Rasul Naseem1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Muhammad Khalid2, Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich3 and Muhammad Arif

... the safe limits in both treatments. Gypsum @ 75 % GR+ humic acid @ 30 kg ha-1 reduced the pHs (6.70%), ECe (27.60%) and SAR (54.96%), hydraulic conductivity (9.75%), and bulk density (3.94%) over their initial values. Therefore, it was concluded that integrated use of gypsum @ 75% GR + humic acid @ 30 Kg ha-1 is equally effective as gypsum @ 100 % GR in improving the yield of wheat and rice crops and restoring the deteriorated properties of salt-affected soil...
Feng-Mei Yang1, Rui Li2, Xiu-Xue Hu3, Yong Liang4, Bo Gao3* and Wei Chen3*
...dent effects of UVB. UVB treatments inhibit cell growth and promote apoptosis in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, and high level as well as prolonged UVB irradiation lead to NHSFs senescence.
...

Khalil Ahmed1*, Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Abdul Rasul Naseem1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Muhammad Khalid2, Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich3 and Muhammad Arif4

Use of Hyacinth Compost in Salt-Affected Soils

Iram Bilqees1, Yasir Iftikhar1, Mustansar Mubeen1,2*, Qaiser Shakeel3, Ashara Sajid1, Zahoor Hussain4, Aqleem Abbas2, Muhammad Aamir Sohail2, Judith Jeruto Kiptoo5 and Shehzad Iqbal2

Use of Nutrients and Plant Extract to Manage Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease (OYVMD) in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...e grown under RCBD. Five treatments viz., 2% garlic extract, 2% multi-nutrients, silicon (1 and 1.5%) s and water as control were applied. Sabz pari showed the maximum disease incidence of 50% whereas, Indian Rachna with disease incidence of 25% exhibited the minimum DI. None of varieties showed immunity against the OYVMD. Among the treatments, multi-nutrients and garlic extract were effectively reduced the disease progressi...

Abid Khan*, Mukhtar Alam, Yousaf Jamal and Hidayat Ullah

Appraisal of Yield and Yield Components of Wheat with Integrated Management of Nitrogen Sources

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmad1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Sami Ullah2, Adeel Abbas3, Ijaz Ahmed4 and Muhammad Zeshan5

Effect of Balance Use of Fertilizers on Performance of Wheat Under Arid Climatic Condition
...periment comprised of 10 treatments. The results showed that compared with control, addition of nutrients significantly increased plant height and the highest plant height (86.5 cm) was observed at 86:58:62.5 kg NPK/ha treatment. Maximum tillers/plant (3.1), spikelet’s/plant (2.9), and spike length (8.9 cm) was found in 86-58-62.5-3 kg NPK + Zn/ha treatment. Furthermore, highest grains/spike (83.4), 1000 grain weight (4.3 g), and yield (6381 kg/ha) was f...

Safina Naz1*, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Bushra Siddique2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3*, Sajid Ali1, Hassan Sardar1, Sakeena Tul Ain Haider1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4, Hajra Azeem3, Sibghat Ullah5, Shah Pasand6 and Zehri Khan5

Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation Frequency on Growth, Yield and Heavy Metals Accumulation of Tomato and Okra
...ter irrigation frequency treatments on growth, yield and heavy metals accumulation of tomato and okra during 2012 and 2013. A statistical randomized complete block design was applied in the field to perform experiments having three replicates while 03 sewage water irrigation frequency treatments i.e., 5, 10 and 15-days interval. The tomato yield, their growth along with the production of the plant biomass were increased cons...

Rana Shahzad Noor1,2, Fiaz Hussain2, Irfan Abbas3, Muhammad Umair2, Abu Saad2, Muhammad Umar Farooq4 and Yong Sun1*

Assessing Sustainability of Rainfed Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Production under Various Soil Tillage Systems: An Energy and Economic Analysis
...wheat seasons. The study treatments were evaluated in term of energy analysis and economics of wheat production. Highest energy inputs obtained were fertilizer, seed and fuel + oil energies in all tillage systems for wheat sowing, respectively. Results interpretation indicated that the highest (2,300 kgha-1 and 40.56 lha-1) and lowest (1,930 kgha-1 and 8.97 lha-1) wheat yields were measured in CT and ZT farming treatments, r...

Muhammad Arsaln1, Sair Sarwar2*, Rizwan Latif1, Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary3, Munazza Yousra2 and Shahbaz Ahmad2

Effect of Vermicompost and Microbial Inoculants on Yield, Soil Fertility and Economics of Wheat under Rainfed Conditions
...eld and economics. Eight treatments i.e., control; recommended dose of fertilizers (160:150:50) NPK in kg ha-1; VC @ 4t ha-1; PSB; Recommended fertilizers + VC @ 4t ha-1; Recommended fertilizers + PSB; VC @ 4t ha-1 + PSB; Recommended fertilizers + VC @ 4t ha-1 + PSB were tested in the experiment using various combinations of vermicompost (VC) @ 4t ha-1 and phosphorus solubilizing bacterial (PSB) as microbial inoculants along with recommended dose of NPK fertil...

Shaiza Rasool1, Iftikhar Ahmad1*, Khurram Ziaf1, Irfan Afzal2, Muhammad A.S. Khan1, Muhammad Aashir Sajjad1 and Muhammad Zain Ali1

Seed Conditioning Effects on Germination Performance, Seedling Vigor and Flower Production of Zinnia elegans
...elect the most promising treatments for field production testing and flowering. In the first experiment, a 3% moringa leaf extract (MLE) showed the earliest (2.8 d) and the highest germination rate (90%) with an average root length of 4.2 cm. Hydro-priming resulted in the largest seedling fresh weight (0.8 g), seedling shoot length (5.8 cm), and seedling vigor index (980). The seedling vigor index was determined by multiplying the percent germination with the ...

Malik Abdul Rehman1, Shafqat Ali1, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal1, Muhammad Nawaz Khan1 and Mujahid Ali2*

Efficacy of Chemicals and Botanical Extracts to Control Citrus Canker on Kinnow in Sargodha Region
... plants. There were nine treatments, control (no chemical was applied), Neemsol @ 5 ml, copper oxychloride @ 3 g, streptomycin sulphate @ 1 g, potassium acetyl benzoic acid @ 10 ml, difenoconazole @ 0.5 ml, extracts of Acacia nilotica @ 10 ml, Datura alba @ 10 ml, and Allium cepa @ 10 ml. These treatments were used by mixing in 10-liter water. The foliar spray was applied four times a year, i.e. March-April and August-Septem...
Abida Parveen1, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Nazir Javed1, Anam Moosa1*, Khushboo Javaid1, Hina Safdar1 and Asma Safdar2
...iner (SK) as stand-alone treatments and in combination was assessed to suppress the reproduction and development of MI. Highly susceptible variety of tomato cv. ‘Money Maker’ was tested for the invasion and development of MI. Aqueous and ethanolic MO extracts were tested in combination with SK at three different concentrations and time intervals. After 12-h ‘S’ concentration of aqueous MOextract + ethanolic MO extract + SK produced 100%...

Dalal H. Sary and Rama T. Rashad*

A Comparative Study on the Impact of Compost, Humate, and Silicate on the Nutritional Characteristics of Calcareous Soil Cultivated by Soybean
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Olubumi Atolani2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji3
Toxicity Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on Pratylenchus spp. of Zea mays
...st potency among all the treatments. Spectroscopic analysis by GCMS revealed the presence of terpenoids and phenolics as major constituents of E. globulus. The essential oil showed the presence of 1,8-cineole (23.3%), citronella (18.1%), geranial (17.6%), isopulegol (10.4%), myrcene (13.0%), cuminaldehyde (9.1%) and 2-pinene (8.5%) as major constituent. Results obtained in this research revealed that essential oil from Eucalyptus (a bio-nematicide) holds promi...

Muhammad Nazar1, Chaudhary Muhammad Ayyub2, Mujahid Ali3*, Malik Abdul Rehman4, Shoib ur Rehman5 and Saqib Ayyub2

Amelioration of Thermo-Tolerance Ability in Spinacia oleracea L. Cultivars by Foliar Application of Chitosan
...ress (40/32°C), four treatments (25, 50, 75, 100 ppm) of chitosan were applied as a foliar spray on spinach cultivars in comparison to control (non-treated with chitosan). The research findings evidenced that foliar application of chitosan significantly affected attributes under heat stress. All Pure Green was affected more followed by Desi Local, while Lahori Palak was least affected. Chitosan at 100 ppm revealed the optimized results. It was observed tha...
Amir Aziz1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Sher Muhammad2
Effect of Rice and Wheat Straw and K-Silicate Application on Maize Growth
...istan in 2017. Different treatments including T1= control, T2= wheat straw (deficient @ 200 mg kg-1 of soil), T3 = wheat straw (adequate @ 400 mg kg-1 of soil), T4= rice straw (deficient @ 200 mg kg-1 of soil), T5 =rice straw (adequate @ 400 mg kg-1 of soil), T6 = K-silicate (deficient level @ 2 mg kg-1 of soil) and T7 = K silicate (adequate @ 400 mg kg-1 of soil). All the pots were arranged according to completely randomized design (CRD). In each pot five hyb...

Malik Abdul Rehman1*, Hafiz Muhammad Ehsan2, Tehseen Ashraf2, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani3, Sajjad Khan3 and Mujahid Ali2

Effect of Growing Media on Plant Growth of Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) and Poncirus (Citrus trifoliata)
...e by taking samples from treatments were analyzed for determination of N, P, K. Results indicated that stem length, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and survival percentage were significant in different growing media after everyone months of transplantation. Various media i.e. peatmass+soil+sawdust, leafmanure+soil+sawdust, compost+silt+sawdust, leaf manure+silt+saw dust, compost+soil+sand was proved promising growing media than the other

Muhammad Javaid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1 and Muhammad Arslan Khan1

Role of Nanotechnology in Crop Protection and Production: A Review
...nvironmental stress seed treatments with nanoparticles, to improve the crop yield use of smart gene delivery system. This technology can also be useful for sustainable water use and irrigation water filtration. It also plays an important role in pollution reduction. Green revolution of any developing countries can be achieved by adopting nanotechnology.

...

Samia Ikram1*, Riaz ur Rehman1, Farwa Batool2 and Atyab Amjad3

Evaluation of Bird of Paradise for Commercial Flower Production by using Organic Manures
...016-2018. Following four treatments were designed: T1 (control), T2 (Top dressing with FYM), T3 (Top dressing with leaf manure), T4 (Top dressing with sewage sludge). Maximum plant height (93.53 cm), Number of suckers (4.20), Number of leaves (8.00), Number of flowers (4.11), Stem diameter (5.025 cm) and Spike diameter (5.03 cm) were contributed by T2whereas maximum spike length (61.21 cm) was recorded in T3 and maximum shelf life (14.81 days) was noted in T4....

Mohammad Mohsin Faqeer1, Muhammad Aquil Siddiqui2*, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Shameem Raja3, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2, Fareen Deeba Soomro4 and Muhammad Mahran Aslam2

Impact of Row Spacing on the Growth and Yield Parameters of Lentil (Lens culinaris L) under Semi-arid Region of Pakistan
...aluated at three spacing treatments (15, 30 and 45 cm) under the RCBD. The morphological characteristics of lentil genotypes depicted that maximum germination, plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1, weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield, and early days to maturity were observed at 30 cm row spacing. Interaction of varieties x row spacing indicated that NIA Masoor 2016 showed the best performance at 30 cm row spacing. This genotype exhibit...

Zubia Rahim1, Gulnaz Parveen1*, Salma Gul2 and Khushnood-ur-Rehman3

Ameliorating Effects of Salt Stress (KCl, NaCl) on Growth and Germination Parameters of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum)
...ination percentage after treatments to 100, 150, 200 and 250mM concentration of above mentioned salts. Control petri dishes/ pots were irrigated with distilled water. The experiment was extended to study growth (number of leaves, leaf length, stem breadth, stem length, number of tillers) and yield (spike length, total seeds on single spike, whole plant weight, weight of 50 seeds per spike) parameters in the field, which was performed in completely randomized d...
Yaqiu Liu1, Zhijian Wang 2, Xinhui Li 1*, Jianrong Zhao2 and Weitao Chen 1
...rent breathing restraint treatments. A total of 150 healthy mature individuals (mean initial body weight = 16.1 ± 3.7 g and mean initial total fork length = 13.1 ± 1.2 cm) were selected for the experiment. The experimental specimens were separated into three modes: control group (n = 50) without any stress treatments; inhibited group (n = 50) with gut respiratory inhibition; and an air-exposed group (n = 50) wi...

Muhammad Jahanzaib1*, Nazakat Nawaz1, Muhammad Arshad1, Shehzadi Saima4, Muhammad Suhaib2, Muzammil Husain3, Haris Khurshid1 and Shahid Ali Khan1

Effect of Temporal Application of Gypsum on Mineral Uptake and Economically Important Morphometric Traits in Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L) under Rain-fed Conditions
...k design. Five different treatments were applied in two split doses i.e. T1 (0 %:100 %), T2 (25 %:75 %), T3 (50 %:50 %), T4 (75 %:25 %), and T5 (100 %:0 %) at the time of sowing and pegging compared with Check (T0). Results showed significant differences among treatments for yield and related agronomic traits as well as mineral concentration in response to gypsum application. The highest pod yield (3522.2kg/ha), root biomass...

Luqman* and Zahid Hussain

Impact of Tillage Tools and Weeding Regimes on Nutritive Values of Maize Grains
...n the full season weeded treatments, followed by weeding for 12 weeks and so on. Similarly, lowest crude protein content, fat content, ash content and dry matter content (12.3, 4.6, 0.85 and 87.1%, respectively) were found in the full season weedy treatments, followed by weedy for 12 weeks, and so forth. For the interaction between tillage and weeding regimes, the maximum crude protein content, fat content, ash content and d...

Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1*, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Naimatullah Leghari2, Muhammad Ibrahim Keerio3, Ahmed Naqi Shah1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro4, Nadia Mangrio1 and Shazia Parveen Tunio5

Evaluation of Irrigation Frequencies and Seed Priming with Plant Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Genotypes
... design was used and the treatments were replicated thrice. The experimental units were consisted of three factors: irrigation frequencies (two, three, four and five); seed priming (no priming, Priming of seed with canal water, 1.0% Urea and 0.2% Zinc sulphate); and two genotypes of sunflower (HO-1) and (Hysun-33). The analysis of data indicated that irrigation frequencies, seed priming and their interaction affected significantly (P≤ 0.05) on growth and yi...

Zohaib Ahmad Hassan1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Usman Saleem3, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz4, Khurshid Ahmad Mufti5 and Aamer Sattar2

Toxic Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on Growth and Yield of Rice
...xperiment comprised of 7 treatments that were repeated three times according to Completely Randomized Design (CRD). These treatments included; T1= Control, T2= 15 SAR, T3= 20 SAR, T4= 25 SAR, T5= 30 SAR, T6= 35 SAR and T7= 40 SAR. Subsequently NaHCO3 was added to the soil as per treatment plan and adequate time was allowed to accomplish chosen sodicity levels. Later on, rice nursery was transplanted in all the pots. Various ...

Bilal Pervaiz Khan1, Neelam Ara1, Shujaat Ali1,2*, Kamran Khurshid Baigh1 and Abdul Wahab1

Effect of Seed Priming on Radish with Different Nutrients at Various Soaking Durations
...durations. There were 25 treatments having three replications. Priming seed significantly affected the germination and vegetative attributes of radish. The result of experiment showed that the highest germination percentage (86.4 %), percentage of survival (83.6 %), minimum days to emergence (9.1), tallest plant height (41 cm), yield of leaves plant-1 (14.4), leaf area (295.8 cm2), root length (20.6 cm), root weight in g (522.4) root diameter in cm (4.51), and...

Noor Ayaz1*, Faiza Aman1, Sidra Saleem1*, Maqbool Rehman1 and Muhammad Fahim2

Olive Cuttings as Affected by Different Concentrations of Indole Butyric Acid
...(CRD) was used with four treatments that were replicated three times. The IBA concentrations used were (T1: control, T2: 1000 mgL-1, T3: 2000 mgL-1, T4: 3000 mgL-1). Data were recorded on days to 50% sprouting, number of sprouts cutting-1, sprouts length cutting-1, number of leaves cutting-1, days to rooting, and survival percentage. Significant differences (P≤0.01) were observed among olive cultivar treated with different IBA concentrations for days to 50%...

Hafiz Muhammad Wasim1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Sher Muhammad3, Usman Saleem4, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz5 and Aamer Sattar2

Impact of NaCl Toxicity on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa) Grown in Aridisol
...of salt increased in the treatments.

...
Qianbao Wang, Zhengyang Huang, Shoufeng Li, Huayun Huang, Chunmiao Li and Zhenhua Zhao*
...to three groups received treatments of 135.5, 125.5 and 115.5 g/d diet respectively with ME 2770 kcal/kg and CP 15.4% from 23 wk of age. Fertility trials were conducted in another three groups of F line hens with 20 hens in each group. A significantly positive interaction between dietary quantity and semen volume was observed (p<0.05) which showed that males fed with 135.5 g/d diet produced much more semen. Except for semen volume, there was no difference i...
Alam Zeb* and Amanullah Jan
...a-1) and four treatments of sulphur (00, 20, 30 and 40 kg ha-1), were kept as sub plot factors, which were replicated four time for each experiment. Urea and ammonium sulphate fertilizers were used as a source of nitrogen and sulfur nutrients. Results showed that all quantitative and qualitative parameters of sesame had significantly influenced by year. Study showed that raised bed sown plots significantly (p ≤ 0.05) produced more: lea...

Hafiz Muhammad Wasim1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz3, Abid Niaz2, Khurshid Ahmad Mufti4 and Muhammad Arif2

Deleterious Impact of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Toxicity on Chemical Properties of Soil and Ionic Composition of Rice
...ation in soil and in all treatments when compared with control. Same trend was observed for various cations like Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ when analyzed in soil samples. In plant samples of rice, concentration of Na was enhanced in all treatments when compared with control while trend of K was in contrast to Na which decreased with the increasing level of Na. Injurious impact of NaCl was more pronounced as the concentration of salt...

Hafiz Hammad Ahmad1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1*, Noor-us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Aneela Riaz4

Growth and Yield Response of Sunflower to Organic Amendments in Aridisol
... Design (CRD) with eight treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of T1 = NK + P0 (Control); T2 = NPK (Recommended dose); T3 = NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot-1; T4 = NPK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot-1; T5 = NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot-1 + Wheat straw at 14 g pot-1; T6 = NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot-1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot-1; T7 = NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot-1 + Rice straw at 14 g pot-1; T8 = NK + Roc...
Imran Haider1, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza1*, Rashid Iqbal1, Salman Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Usman Aslam1, Muhammad Israr3, Umair Riaz4, Maliha Sarfraz5, Nasir Abbas6, Salman Haidar Abbasi7, Zafar Abbas8 and Muhammad Aamer9
 
 
...eriment consisted of six treatments viz, Control, a drought at flowering and grain filling stages, Amino acid @ 1.5 ml L-1 + drought at flowering and grain filling, Amino acid @ 3 ml L-1 + drought at flowering and grain filling, Yeast @ 3g L-1 + drought at flowering and grain filling and Yeast @ 6g L-1 + drought at flowering and grain filling, respectively. STATISTICS 8.1 programs were used for data analysis. Drought...
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Jahangir Shah1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Sami Ullah2,3, Hera Gul4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Zeshan6
 
 
...g the whole year into 16 treatments to identify the optimum sowing time for the Cholistan desert of Bahawalpur. The results revealed that maximum germination rate of 85.63%, 85.93%, and 82.83% were found in treatment 16th September during the whole study period (2011-14). The 16th of March, 16thSeptember, and 1st August were the other suitable sowing times for jojoba as these showed 82.37%, 75.47%, and 71.57% of germ...
Arsalan Khan1, Aminullah Khan2, Dil Fayaz Khan2, Sajid Khan1, Anjum1, Waqar Ali3, Habib Akbar1 and Ahmad Khan1*
 
 
... (DT) and eight nitrogen treatments (Control, 100% Urea, 100% FYM, 100% PM, 50% Urea/FYM, 50% Urea/PM, 50% FYM/PM and 33.33% each PM/FYM/Urea). These ratios provided a total of 120 kg N ha-1. The wheat cv. Pakhtunkhwa-2015 was sown with seed of 120 kg ha-1. The CT resulted in early phenology (days to emergence (11.5 days), booting (105 days), anthesis (116 days), and physiological maturity (155 days) whereas, DT delayed the phenological e...
Wali Muhammad1*, Humayun Javed1, Munir Ahmad1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...t par among all the four treatments. Yield losses were statistically at par at URF Koont ranging from 24.6% to 25% in all the treatments. However, the minimum yield loss of 22% was recorded on crop sown at 20th of March. At URF Koont, the maximum yield loss of 17% was recorded on early sown crop (1st of March) while the minimum yield loss of 13.1% was observed on crop sown at 20th of March. I...
Muneer Abbas1*, Dilbar Hussain2, Muhammad Saleem2, Abdul Ghaffar2Sohail Abbas3, Niaz Hussain1 and Abdul Ghaffar1
...Toba Tek Singh with five treatments. Each experimental unit comprised of 1 ha area. Five treatments viz. A=sanitation, B=MAT, C= protein based baits, D= plant extracts and E= A+B+C+D were used during 2015-16. Data of % infested fallen fruits, total flies/trap, total flies captured/year, % fruit punctures, pupal population, % fruit infestation and market value of fruits was collected at regular intervals. Results indic...

Ahmad Ur Rahman Saljoqi, Muhammad Salim* and Iftikhar Ahmad 

 

...ree replications and six treatments. Treatments Emamectin 1.9 EC @ 750 ml ha-1, orange (Citrus aurantium L.) peel extract @ 5%, neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extract @ 5%, neem oil @ 3%, green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea @ 3 eggs plant-1,were applied three times. A total of 30 plants in each treatment were selected randomly for the data collection at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days inte...
Hafiz Hammad1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Aneela Riaz3, Abid Niaz4 and Muhammad Arif4
... design (CRD) with eight treatments which were replicated four times. The treatments plan includes T1 = NK + P0 (Control); T2 = NPK (Recommended rate); T3 = NK + RP at 7 g pot-1; T4 = NPK + RP at 7 g pot-1; T5 = NK + RP at 7 g pot-1 + Wheat straw at 14 g pot-1; T6 = NK + RP at 7 g pot-1 + Wheat ...
Jiawei Hong1,2, Mingqiang Chen 1,2, Zhenghua Deng1,2, Youning Li1,2 and Yu Wang1,2*
...response to enrofloxacin treatments at different dosages (0, 5, and 10mg/L ENR) using 16S rDNA gene sequencing. A total of 11 phyla comprising 76 genera were detected. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased (from 34.96% to 77.31%) with the increasing of enrofloxacin exposure dosage. The dominant position of Tenericutes was replaced by Proteobacteria, and in parallel the proportion of Tenericutes slumped to 3.85%. At the genus l...
Sadaf Javaria1, Anum Marwat1, Muhammad Nadeem2, Mehwish Zerlasht1, Aiman Kareem3, Iqra Rubab1 and Masooma Munir4*
...tandardized by different treatments i.e. apple peach puree mixed in various combinations T1 (100:0), T2 (75:25), T3 (50:50), T4 (25:75), T5(0:75) to develop a nutritious functional snack. The effects of different fruit ratios on moisture content (MC), pH, total titratable acid content, total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C, protein, iron and magnesium were investigated. Results of sensory evaluation showed tha...
Salman Ali1*, Ayaz Ali2, Riaz Ali Rind2, Majid Ali3, Zulfiqar Ali Mastoi2, Shagufta Naz3, Muhammad Shakir3, Rashid Ahmed Qaim Khani1
...niversity, Tandojam. The treatments included in the study are: Grilled fish T1=, Fried fish T2=, Microwave T3 = respectively, and treatment were arranged in CRD with the repeats. The results revealed that the cooking in methods were significantly varied (LSD<0.05) for different parameters. The fish cooked in microwave resulted average value of moisture 65.03%, titratable acidity 1.78%, pH value 6.26, protein 24.07%, fat 3.76...
Tasneem Shah*, Muhammad Tariq and Dost Muhammad
...r (50 t ha-1) treatments and highest biochar (130 t ha-1) treatment were statistically non-significant during 7, 14 and 28 days of incubation periods. Nitrogen mineralization did not vary significantly among the mineral fertilizers or cropping systems treatments. Moreover, the interactive effects of cropping systems x biochar, and cropping systems x mineral fertilizers were significant for CO2
Kamran Baksh Soomro1*, Sina Alaghmand2, Sanyogita Andriyas3, Muhammad Rehmatullah Khan4, Naveedullah5 and Amin Talei6
 
 
...the crop. Two irrigation treatments including freshwater (IT1 EC 0.56 dS.m-1; control condition) and saline groundwater (IT2 EC 2.56 dS.m-1; experimental condition), in two consecutive seasons, were used under the drip system of irrigation. The crop yield in season 1, found under IT1 and IT2,were 11,337.3 and7764.4 kg.ha-1, respectively, without any salt accumulation in the wetted zon...
Simeen Mansoor, Jabeen Farheen* and Meher Hassan
 

...l and lethal-temperature treatments. The total soluble protein profile showed highly significant variations and was broadly divided into two major clusters. The 116, 113, 109, 106, 94, 86, 76, 62, and 61 kDa fractions were identified the first time, which may be involved in temperature stress acclimation. Conclusively, the sublethal-temperature along with phytohormones are involved in green gram growth, proteome expression, and thermotolerance via initiat...
Haris Setiawan1, Aris Winaya1,*, Herwintono Herwintono1, Mulyoto Pangestu2 and Yayuk Kholifah3
 

...4 = 8 % SFE. Each of the treatments was repeated three times. The sperm mortality and motility datafrom SFE treatments were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed no significant effect on the mortality and motility of spermatozoa (P > 0.05) amongst the treatment. However, there was reduction on mortality and tended to increase on the motility of Limousin bull spermatozoa compared to the non-supple...
Shehzadi Saima1, Maqsoda Perveen2, Muhammad Nawaz1, Khalid M. Ahmad1,* and Haider Sultan1
...ons and three fertilizer treatments (control, 2g/pot with side dressing, 2g/pot with foliar spray). Results revealed that foliar spray of potassium enhanced most of parameters i.e. length of stalk, fresh weight of stalk, dry weight of stalk, number of florets per plant, diameter of stalk, fresh and dry weight of leaves, number of leaves significantly at P<0.01 more than side dressing. Although side dressing of potassium also increased the plant growt...
Wahyu Widodo1,*, Imbang Dwi Rahayu2, Adi Sutanto3, Apriliana Devi Anggraini4, Harum Sahara4
Sara Safitri4 and Abubakar Yaro5,6
Rukhsar Ali* and Ali Muhammad
 

...her study. The different treatments were included in this study as MLBPr0 was control with no preservatives, MLBPr1 having 0.1% PS, MLBPr2 having 0.1% KMS, MLBPr3 having 0.1% SB, MLBPr4 having 0.05% PS and 0.05% KMS), MLBPr5 having 0.05% PS and 0.05% SB), MLBPr6 has 0.05% KMS and 0.05% S.B), and MLBPr7 having 0.033% PS+ 0.033% KMS and 0.033% SB). The results highlighted tha...

Ijaz Ahmad* and Bakhtiar Gul

...t crop in Pakistan. Four treatments viz. wheat, wheat + S. marianum, wheat + A. fatua, wheat + S. marianum and A. fatua were examined to check their effect on the growth dynamics of wheat, A. fatua and S. marianum. The experiment was carried out in 2018-2019 using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and replicated thrice. The results showed that all the wheat growth parameters were significantly affected by the weeds competition in both the studied years. The m...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Wakil2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi3, Waqas Raza1* and Mahmood Ahmad Randhawa4

...as compared to all other treatments with SA and KOH. Similar trend was shown by plant extracts where in neem extract induced higher amino acid contents. The cultivar C-44 responds efficiently as compared with other two cultivars. The results of the current study showed that amino acids play significant role in resistance and susceptibility of chickpea cultivars against A. rabiei.

...

Aamer Sattar1, Sadia Sultana1*, Abid Niaz1, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Irfan Rasheed3, Muhammad Shoaib4, Raheela Naz1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Farah Rasheed1, Arfan ul Haq1, Munazza Rafique5, Muhammad Arif1, Sarfraz Hussain1 and Jafar Salim6

...titute, Faisalabad. Four treatments (sub plots) viz; 0 fertilizer, 50% of recommended fertilizer, 75% of recommended fertilizer and 100% of recommended fertilizer were applied under split plot design repeated thrice with 3 major plots (methods of residues management) i. traditional practice by complete removing (C) whole crop biomass from field, ii. burnt (B) practice by burning the crop biomass in field after threshing and iii. Residue’s (R) incorporati...
Khaliq Dad1, Muhammad Nawaz2*, Rumsha Hassan2, Kainat Javed2, Asma Shaheen2, Fengliang Zhao3, Muhammad Imran4, Syed Tansir Hussain Shah4, Muhammad Faraz Anwar5 and Muhammad Aurangzaib6
 
... In this study different treatments of Cd were applied in the presence of certain portion of biochar. The order of treatments was 0 mg Cd as control with biochar (12%), low Cd (10mg), high Cd (15mg), low cadmium + biochar (10mg+12%) and high cadmium + biochar (15mg+12%) with distilled water as control. Growth and physiological parameters of plant were studied and prominent results were observed. The results showed that bioch...

Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1*, Muhammad Aslam Panhwar1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio1, Muhammad Saleem Sarki1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi1, and Niaz Ahmed Wahocho2

...ro;g g-1) than all other treatments. We suggest that the foliar application of Zn (99 mg Zn L-1) may be included in strawberry farming for profitable yields and high Zn concentration in strawberry fruit.

...

Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Qasim Raza1*, Awais Riaz1, Misbah Hanif2, Wajiha Saeed2, Shawaiz Iqbal1, Tahir Hussain Awan1, Syed Sultan Ali1 and Muhammad Sabar1

...ta indicated that the SA treatments alleviated inhibitory effects of different osmotic stress levels after 2–4 days of stress applications. Under medium to high osmotic stress levels, mean germination time, germination index and seed vigour index (SVI) of SA primed seeds were better than non-primed seeds. Remarkably, SVI of all SA concentrations under -0.2 MPa osmotic stress was surprisingly improved as compared with control and other osmotic stress leve...
Ahmed Saud Alsaqufi1, Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman2,3*, Roshmon Thomas Mathew2, Yousef Ahmed Alkhamis1,2, Md. Moshiur Rahman3,4 and Muhammed Aslam Pathiri2
...for one month under four treatments such as 24h light (24L), 24 h dark (24D), 12h light and 12h dark with PVC (12DL_PVC), and 12h light and 12h dark without PVC (12DL) conditions. A total of 108 larvae were sampled for phenotypic traits analysis. The results revealed that complete darkness (24D) significantly improved the overall growth parameters (total length, standard length, caudal peduncle length, anal fin length, caudal fin length, total body depth, dors...
Md. Alal Hossen1, Mohammad Amzad Hossain1*, A.K.M. Munzurul Hasan1,2, Bipresh Das1, Sohel Mian1, Mohammed Mahbub Iqbal1
 
...ectively among different treatments and control females did not ovulate. The eggs of M. gulio was firmly adhesive and immediately after spawning the average diameter of fertilized eggs were 0.48±0.01 mm. After fertilization, the first cleavage stage of M. gulio occurred within 40 min. The distinctiveness of blastomeres was progressively dropped and morula, blastula, and gastrula stages were found at 3:40 h, 4:20 h and 5:00 h, respectively after fertiliz...
Yawang Sun, Yongjiang Wu, Jingbo Chen, Zili Wang, Juncai Chen, You Yang and Guozhong Dong*
... DNA were induced by LPS treatments, although the antioxidative defense was not impaired under LPS treatments. Upregulation of the Fanconi Anemia pathway mediated genes for activating cellular DNA repair pathway alleviated DNA damage at high LPS levels.
...

Imtiaz Ahmed*, Naveed Ahmed, Abdul Waheed, Muhammad Abbass Khan, Noorullah Khan and Fayyaz Ahmed

...in each replication. The treatments comprises of two growing methods i.e. vertical growing method and horizontal method which was assigned to the main-plot and two direction of sowings i.e. east to west and north to south which were allotted to the sub-plot. The results of the experiments revealed significant variation among studied parameters. In case of growing methods, maximum vine length (4.55 m), number of leaves vine-1 (41.22), number of fruit set vine-1...

Muhammad Fiyyaz1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Latif4, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Sarfraz Hussain5, Aneela Riaz6 and Abid Niaz2

... Experiment contained 11 treatments applied under completely randomized design (CRD) included, T1 = chemical fertilizers at recommended rate, T2 = chemical fertilizers at half recommended rate, T3 = poultry dung at the rate of 5 t ha-1, T4 = poultry dung at the rate of 7.5 t ha-1, T5 = poultry dung at the rate of 10 t ha-1, T6 = T1 + T3, T7 = T1 + T4, T8 = T1 + T5, T9 = T2 + T3, T10 = T2 + T4 and T11 = T2 + T5. Maize was grown as test crop to evaluate efficien...

Muhammad Fiyyaz1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sarfraz Hussain3, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1 and Aneela Riaz4

...periment comprised of 11 treatments applied under completely randomized design like, T1 = chemical fertilizers at recommended rate, T2 = chemical fertilizers at half recommended rate, T3 = waste of poultry at the rate of 5 ton/ha, T4 = waste of poultry at the rate of 7.5 ton/ha, T5 = waste of poultry at the rate of 10 ton/ha, T6 = T1 + T3, T7 = T1 + T4, T8 = T1 + T5, T9 = T2 + T3, T10 = T2 + T4 and T11 = T2 + T5. At maturity and different agronomic and yield p...

Allah Bakhsh1, Attiq Akhtar1*, Fiaz Hussain1 and Shabbir Ahmed2

...ed). In all leaf removal treatments, titratable acidity and bunch rot incidence decreased significantly, while total soluble solids, total phenolic content, total sugars, and reducing sugars increased significantly when compared to regulation. In comparison to the other treatments, the growth of lateral shoots was significantly higher in the control.At bloom and four weeks after bloom, FZLR increased the fruit’s qualit...

Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Abdul Moeez1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Aneela Riaz3

...d conditions using three treatments and each replicated three times. Treatments were wheat florae were developed in plots having normal soil (EC= 2.32 dS/m) and salty soil (4.93 dS/m). Si as phosphate industry waste was applied @ 0, 50 and 100 µg Si/g soil. Results showed that application of Si reduced the adverse impact of salinity and significantly enhanced the nutrients status of wheat plant. Under normal soil condi...

Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Abdul Moeez1, Humaira Ramzan1, Mudassar Hafeez1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Aneela Riaz3, Sher Muhammad4 and Muhammad Latif4

...t arrangements with nine treatments and three replications was used. Rice plants were grown in plots having normal soil (EC = 2.32 dS/m) and salty soil (4.93 dS/m). Si as phosphate industry waste was applied @ 0, 50 and 100 µg Si/g soil. Results showed that application of Si reduced the adverse impact of salinity and significantly enhanced the growth of rice plant. Maximum height of rice plant (106 cm), fertile tillers number per spike (6), 1000-grain we...

Muhammad Ahsan1*, Aneela Ramzan1, Muhammad Nafees1, Adnan Younis2, Muhammad Amin1, Gulzar Akhtar3, Khansa Saleem1 and Azka Sabeeh1

...ahawalpur. There were 11 treatments comprising of honey (T1), sugar (T2), salicylic acid (T3), acetic acid (T4), indole acetic acid (IAA) (T5) and combination of all solutions with sugar. These treatments were compared with tap water (T0). There were four plants in each treatment with three replications which were arranged according to completely randomized design (CRD) under room temperature. The results showed that maximum...

Habiba ur Rehman, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar and Waqas Raza

...eenhouse conditions. The treatments viz. Success, Nativo and Control with the concentrations of 2, 4 and 6mM were used with three replications under completely randomized design in greenhouse conditions. Nativo had given the most significant results in all studied traits as compared to all other treatments at the concentration of 6mM. The results showed that Nativo exhibited the maximum germination % (71.47), seedling length...

Sajid Ali, Shahen Shah* and Muhammad Arif

... the experiment. All the treatments’ combinations and a control {(4 x 4 x 3) +1} were laid out in a randomized complete block design having three replications. The plot size was 12 m2 accommodating ten rows. The recommended wheat cultivar ‘Pirsabaq 2013’ was sown by using 120 kg ha-1 seed rate. Nitrogen at the rate of 120 kg ha-1 was applied in two splits from urea. Similarly, 90 kg ha-1 phosphorus was applied from DAP at the time of sowing. ...

Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Imran Khatri1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Arfan Ahmed Gilal1

... Design (RCBD) having 16 treatments with 5 replications each. Basically, there were five treatments; T1= Untreated control, T2 = Spinosad (Tracer), T3= Cue-lure, T4= Protein hydrolysate, T5 = Trybliographa daci. Furthermore, combinations of these treatments were designed to find out the most effective combination. The results revealed that among the solo treatments...

Amar Iqbal Saqib, Khalil Ahmed*, Muhammad Khalid Bhatti, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz, Muhammad Ashfaq Anjum, Abdul Rasul Naseem, Aftab Ahmad Sheikh and Belqees Akhter

Shafaq Fatima1,*, Farkhanda Manzoor1, Humaira Amman1, Zakia Kanwal1, Asma Latif1, Zeeshan Ali2, Hamid Iqbal Gondal2, Sumera Sajjad1 and Raja Shahnawaz Janjua3
...ids of fish in all three treatments groups (A: 0.31%, B: 0.41%, C: 0.40%) in comparison to the control group where DHA was not observed in the fatty acids profile. Similarly, high profiles of EPA (C20:5) were observed in all three treatment groups (A: 0.56%, B: 1.64%, C: 1.35%) as compared to those in control group. Therefore, the present study indicates that linseed can be a suitable source of n-3 and n-6 PUFA in carp feed, improving the condition ...
Majed Rafeeq1,*, Nadeem Rashid1, Muhammad Masood Tariq1, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh1, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1, Muhammad Shafee1, Khalid Mehmood1, Rana Muhammad Bilal2 and Tauseef Asmat1
...cantly different between treatments (P<0.05), but no significant effect (P>0.05) was found on the cecal VFA content. Hematological and serum biochemical parameter values were significantly improved in extract groups compared to control (P<0.05). The antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus and sheep RBC showed no significant difference among treatment groups (P>0.05). Supplementation of herbal extracts as feed additives at 200 mg/Kg produced ...

Sami Ul Haq1, Abid Hussain1*, Umair Riaz2, Muhammad Baqir Hussain1, Adnan Fareed1, Nabeel Ahmad Ikram3 and Fahim Nawaz3

...as applied as individual treatments (25, 50, 75 kg ha-1) and in combination with Compost (750 kg ha-1). The results showed a considerable increase in plant height (67.60%), chlorophyll b content (92.10%), stomatal conductance (158%) as well as shoot P content (50.25%) that ultimately increased the yield (80%) of sunflower plants grown in soil fertilized with 75 kg S kg ha-1 plus Compost (750 kg ha-1). The application of Compost is one of the effective strategi...

Ain-ul-Abad Syed1*, Zaheer Ahmed Khan1, Shakeel Hussain Chattha1, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh2, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio3, Shahzad Hussain Dahri2 and Ghous Bakhsh Buriro4

...ly and horizontally. Two treatments were performed, each with two replications. The treatments included hydroponic (soil-less) and geoponic (soil) spinach seed cultivation. The seed was initially grown in a seedling tray before being transferred onto a prepared plot and a hydroponic model, respectively. All the standard materials (made of plastic) needed for a perfect low-cost hydroponic model, obtained from local markets, w...

Nelson D. Zambrano1, Wilber Arteaga1, José Velasquez2 and Dorys T. Chirinos1*

...vestitus were low in the treatments; while individuals of Dysdercus spp. were lower in the plots treated with the chemical insecticide. However, the predators, Coleomegilla maculata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Cheilomenes sexmaculata and Zelus sp., were inferior in the treated plots. Yield ranged from 1.2 to 1.4 tons. Thrips palmi is first reported feeding on cotton in Ecuador. The results showed high populations of B. tabaci in the chemical treatment, and its suppr...

Samah A. Mokbel, Ahmed K. El-Attar

...tection before and after treatments. The different
treatments of radiation resulted in different survival rates and phytotoxic effects
including leaf yellowing and lack of growth. The 5Gy dose was proved to be best
effective dose for controlling the phytoplasma without affecting the in vitro growth
and survival rate, while the higher doses leaded to strongly reducing the surviv...

Sadiq Haladu1*, Taiwo Oladoye Akande2 and Mudassir Nasir3

...nic herbs. Seven dietary treatments were formulated with diet 1 as control, diet 2 with 1% Fluted pumpkin leaf meal (FLM), diet 3 with 2% Fluted pumpkin leaf meal, diet 4 with 1% Moringa leaf meal (MLM) diet 5 with 2% Moringa leaf meal, diet 6 with 1% mixture of FLM and MLM and diet 7 with 2% mixture of FLM and MLM, the mixture was in the of ratio 1:1. The diets were fed to 105 Isa brown laying birds with 15 birds per treatment arranged in 2x3+1 factorial. Sam...
Eman A. Ahmed1, Osama Y. shalaby2, Emad F. Dwidar2, Samah A. Mokbel1 and Ahmed K. El-Attar1
...ml of garlic juice). All treatments proven to be a very useful effect against phytoplasma, except concentration 25 mgL-1 of tetracycline hydrochloride. The findings of this study have proven treatment at lower dose of gamma rays (3 Gy) of efficient methods on growth promotion.

...

Manal A. El-Shazly1. M. I .Kobeasy2and Sarah H . Altalhi3

... respectively. Different treatments with antiviral compounds decreased the content of total soluble sugars, titrable acidity also increased the lycopene and ascorbic acid in tomato fruits compared with infected plants.

...

Asfand Raheel1, Syed Zulfiqar Ali2, Muhammad Waris2, Muhammad Basharat2, Basheer Ahmed2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder4 and Taqi Raza4*

... and decays. Postharvest treatments includes biological agents, fungicides, herbal and natural products, edible coatings and heat treatments can be efficaciously applied in a vast and specific commodity range to prevent great losses.

...

Mohsen M. Elsharkawy1, Salem H. Homayed1, Mohamed M. Elsawy2 and Amr A. Khedr1

...Conclusion: In cucumber, treatments with artificially generated wind and root colonizing F. equiseti
GF19-1 or its CF elicited induced resistance against CMV infection, leading to a restriction of
pathogen propagation and disease development.
...

Mohsen M. Elsharkawy1, Sara E. Hanbal2, Samir A. Sidaros1, Mohamed M. Elsawy2, Ali H. Hamed2

...in comparison with other treatments. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed significant increased expressions of pathogenesis related genes PR1 and PR2 relative to the control plants.
Conclusion: PGPF isolates of GP17-2, GF19-1 and SKT1 elicited induced resistance against BYMV infection and could be used as a promising strategy to control BYMV.
...

Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1*, Samra Ammara1, Muhammad Sikander Hayyat1, Shahbaz Hussain2, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid1, Abdul Rehman1 and Amjed Ali1

...isted of seven herbicide treatments, viz. lactofen complete dose (180 g a.i. ha-1) alone, lactofen complete dose + adjuvant, lactofen 80% dose alone, lactofen 80% dose + adjuvant, lactofen 60% dose alone, lactofen 60% dose + adjuvant and a control (no herbicide). It was found that lactofen full dose with and without adjuvant attained significantly the lowest R. capitata dry weight and highest seed yield of green gram. However, these tr...

Moazama Batool1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Huma Naz3, Mubashar Hussain4, Sadia Maalik1, Sajida Mushtaq1, Tanveer Ahmed5 and Laiba Shafique6

...(Cd) for 8-week. In both treatments statistically significantly, variable responses viz. wet weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were determined. The control fish (unstressed) had significantly higher WG followed by Cr and Cd test mediums. The FI by C. marulius was significantly higher as 12.83±0.07 g in Cr followed by Cd (12.14±0.05 g) and control (9.57±0.364) medium. However, FI ...

Md. Abdullah Al Mamun1,2*, Shamima Nasren1,3, Sanjay Singh Rathore1 and Kavalagiriyanahalli Srinivasiah Ramesh1

...60 L) and treated with 4 treatments for 15 days: I) Potassium permanganate II) Aquarium salt III) Formalin and IV) Mechanical. The significant lower (P<0.05) parasitic burden were found in mechanical treatment followed by salt, formalin and potassium permanganate. Clinical signs like excessive mucus production, fin erosion, pale gills, and slight hemorrhage were observed in the affected area of skin and operculum. Among the internal organs, liver lost its o...

Bakhtiar Gul*, Saleetha Rabial and Haroon Khan

...s and various herbicidal treatments. Duckweed was collected from fresh water bodies and transferred to the experimental units (pots). Data were recordrd on fresh biomass, budding (%), duckweed mortality (%), plant growth, root length, frond diameter, growth of microscopic algae and macrophytes associated with duckweed, and water surface coverage (%). Results revealed that herbicides had a significant effect on duckweed fresh biomass, budding % and water surfac...

Ayesha Manzoor1, Muhammad Saqib Naveed1, Sayed Rashad Ali1, Danish Ibrar2, Sairah Syed1, Sharmin Ashraf1 and Rafiq Ahmed1*

...s/plant. But still, both treatments significantly delays flowering. In terms of seed yield and quality, longer (T5=15cm) and wider stecklings (T6=4.9cm and T7=6.3cm) increased number of seeds/pod, seed size (mm), seed vigor index and total seed yield/plant(g). However, extra wide stecklings (8cm) significantly reduced all morphological and reproductive growth parameters. Therefore, treatments T6 and T7 proved to be better fo...

Iftikhar ud Din* and Yousaf Hayat

...e means of more than two treatments by considering single trait independently. In reality these traits are not independent and appropriate techniques for analyzing multiple traits simultaneously, is the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). This study deals with the illustration of MANOVA using simulated data, related to agricultural trials. The appropriate design, methods of analysis, interpretation and conclusion are carried out on simulated data. For ...

Muhammad Rafique1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2, Inam Ul Haq1*, Muhammad Ramzan Anser2, Humara Umar2 and Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah2

...ted under four different treatments. Cutting under the only green net (5944 lux), white net (11428 lux) only upper side white net (8484 lux) and both green and white net (5538). The results were found significant regarding the interaction between varieties and treatments; however, non-significant variation in varieties was found regarding the number of roots, days to root, and days to shift. The important observations regard...

Haroon Ur Rashid1*, Nazia Tahir2, Muhammad Zamin3, Naveed Shehzad4, Aman Ullah2, Bibi Zainub5 and Farooq Azam6

...and various allelopathic treatments were integrated for weed management in spring planted maize at Agricultural Research Station, Swabi (KP), Pakistan during spring both years 2014 and 2015. The experiment was laid out at silt loam soil in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a split plot arrangement having three (03) replications. Different tillage regimes namely minimum, conventional, and deep tillage regimes were assigned to main plots (Factor A) an...

Jong Ho Ahn1, Jang Hoon Choi1,2 and In Sik Nam1,3,*

...d fattening periods. The treatments were GCFC (Concentrate feeding in the growing and fattening periods), GCFT (Concentrate feeding in the growing period and TMR feeding in the fattening period), GTFC (TMR feeding in the growing period and concentrate feeding in the fattening period) and GTFT (TMR feeding in the growing and fattening periods) in a completely randomized design. Dry matter intake (p < 0.001) in the growing period was higher in the GCFC and GC...
Jia Li and Hong Yang*
... to the APG and alkaline treatments. Overall, the instantaneous enhancement of microbial activity and BaA bioavailability increased biodegradation efficiency.
...

Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil1, Adnan Shakeel1, Ghani Akbar1, Muhammad Asif2, Ashraf Khan3* and Zafar Islam1

... of municipal wastewater treatments through bioremediation. Four irrigation treatments were applied by using potable and wastewater in different ratios. These treatments were T1, T2, T3 and T4 (100% treated wastewater, 66% treated wastewater and 34% potable water, 34% treated wastewater and 66% potable water and 100% potable water respectively). In treatment T1, the highest yields and crop...
Yuli Andriani1*, Rintan Octaviana Julia1, Lintang Permata Sari Yuliadi1, Iskandar Iskandar1 and 
Yaya Rukayadi2
...plied consisting of four treatments with three replications. The treatments were added 0 % (A), 1 %, (B), 6 % (C) and 12 % (D) of BPLM. The parameters observed included biochemical compound and carotenoid content of dried BPLM, changes in tail color quality, survival rate and water quality. Kruskal-Wallis analysis was applied to analyzed the data of tail color. Data on the survival rate were analyzed using analysis of varian...
Rosidah Rosidah1*, Angga Nugraha1, Yuli Andriani1, Kiki Haetami1, Olga Anne2 and Agus Heri Purnomo3
...domized design with five treatments and three replications was applied. The treatment used was immersion with A. vera extract with a concentration of treatment A 
(0 mg kg–1), B (150 mg kg–1), C (300 mg kg–1), D (450 mg kg–1...

Azra Nadeem1*, Shaukat Hussain2, Saeedullah2, Asma Akbar3, Zahoor Ahmad4, Maryam Tariq5, Robina Karim6 and Muhammad Huzaifa7

...antly affected by fungal treatments and moisture levels under the conditions of the experiment. The biocontrol agent exhibited good results in terms of disease control and improving yield parameters, between 8 and 15% moisture levels.

...
Azhar Abbas Khan*, Humaira Kanwal, Sumair Batool, Zeshan Hassan, Jawad Munawar Shah, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif, Ahmad Nawaz, Hasan Taha and Yasir Ishfaq
...ion as compared to other treatments through 9 days after treatment. The second application of treatments also showed minimal differences from first application and again plots treated with Radiant® showed the best reduction in thrips population for both years. Generally, Radiant® found friendly toward predators as compared to other chemistries. The findings for tested chemicals showed that bio-b...
Ou-Mei Hao1*, Xue-Feng Wang1, Zhi-Jun Yue1, Chun-Hong Nan1,Yan Yu1,Tong Zhang2,Yu-Feng Liu3 and Xue Zhao1
...better than conventional treatments combined with western medicine.
...

Mukhtar Iderawumi Abdulraheem1*, Muhammad Ihtisham2*, Abiodun Yusuff Moshood3, Nawab Khan4, Muhammad Owais Shahid5, Shafiq Hussain6, Kumail Abbas6 and Fawad Zaman7

...emicals application. The treatments were (3×4) factorially designed and fitted into RCBD in field conditions. Weeding consisted of four levels i.e. no weeding, weeding once, weeding twice, and weeding thrice, whereas mulching types comprised of three levels i.e., no mulching, dry grasses mulching, and polythene mulching. The findings revealed that all of the okra plants tested were susceptible to virus infections regardless of treatment. Those who had a ...
Suherman Suherman1*, AndhiniPutri Trianita1, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto1 and Wea Aanisah Mentari Putri2
... slices produced through treatments based on time 13 h and 17 h and pressure 25 Pa, 30 Pa, and 35 Pa, with temperature constant -50 oC. Freeze-dried mango was calculated for mass balance and analyzed for water content, color, and hedonic test. The mass balance yield was around 82.47 % of the product wasted during the drying process, and the product yield was approximately 17.53 %. The water content value in the mango from all <...
Zhiyuan Sun1, 3, Xuhui Zhang2,*, Xian Li3, Yanping Huang3, Shiyan Sui3, Weifeng Liu3, Guochao Ni3, Xiaozhou Xu1, Jianbo Yang1, Xue Lian1 and Hui Jia1
...e randomly assigned to 4 treatments: control, LPS, ACTH, and ACTH+LPS groups. Each group consisted of 6 male piglets. All ACTH pigs and ACTH+LPS pigs were injected intramuscularly with ACTH (2.25 IU/kg body weight) for 7 consecutive injections at 6-h intervals. Then, LPS pigs and ACTH+LPS pigs were injected intramuscularly with LPS (15 μg/kg body weight). LPS upregulated levels of pulmonary IL-1β, IL-10, TLR2 gene mRNAs (P <0.01, P =0....

Christopher Oche Eche1*, Juliana Iye Oluwatayo1, Demben Moses Esang2, Paul Madina2 and Alexander Uloko1

...n yield. A total of nine treatments combinations were evaluated using a 3 x 3 factorial experiment laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications. The treatments combinations consisted of single applications of sawdust and eucalyptus biochar, and mixed formulations of sawdust + eucalyptus biochar applied in powder forms at the rates of 0 t/ha, 2.5 t/ha and 5 t/ha. Nematode and yield data were sub...
Congfen Zhang1,Yingxiao Liu2, Linfeng He2, Fengjun Shi2, Weitang Yao2 and Xuegang Luo2,*
...ith higher concentration treatments. The changing trends in the mRNA levels of these enzymes were not always consistent with those of enzymatic activities. The fat body of A. pernyi, as an important antioxidant tissue, can increase the expression of oxido-reductas system enzymes by promoting the expression of SOD, CAT, GST and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) to improve the body’s response to heavy metal stimulation injury. Our results collectively...

Mohamed S. Khalil

...gmented with all applied treatments. Therefore, from this study it can prove that milbemectin possess efficacy on galls and egg masses of root –knot nematode (M. javanica).

...
Muhammad Awais1,2, Waqas Ahmad3, Akhtar Rasool Asif4, Sayyed Aun Muhammad1, Iahtasham Khan1*, Muhammad Amjad Ali5, Muhammad Qaiser Riaz1 and Muhammad Saqib2 
...es were found among four treatments with respect to contraction, granulation tissue, tensile strength, healing time and hydroxyproline contents measurement in both experiments. Honey and povidone mixture treated animals showed significantly improved wound contraction, healing time, tensile strength and hydroxyproline measurements in dexamethasone treated group. In normal group, honey treated animals have significantly reduced wound healing time than the honey ...

Amina, Muhammad Zahid Rashid and Amina Rashid

...coated with 40%. All the treatments exhibited potential to maintain the post-harvest life of fruits as compared to untreated fruits. These were found effective in quality attributes such as TSS, titratable acidity, total sugars, total phenolic compounds as well as antioxidants.

...

Muhammad Shahbaz1,2, Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz3*, Khalid Abbas1, Tanveer Ahmed4, Sana Mehmood1, Muhammad Adeel Hussan5

...level was reduced in all treatments when compared control. CAT activity was observed higher in the gills, muscle and liver tissues of T1 diet fed C. idella as 14.68±0.90, 12.76±0.87 and 20.34±0.99 UmL-1, respectively. Comparison among diets for CAT activity showed the trend as T4<T3<T2<T1. The maximum CAT level was noted in liver than that of gills and muscles. 
 
Nove...

Muhammad Usman Hanif, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Irfan Ullah

... of both these effective treatments enhanced their toxicity to E. vigintioctopunctata and caused 88.9 and 77.6% cumulative mortality of grubs and adults, respectively. Based on overall study results, the combined application of spinosad and A. indica extract is recommended to local vegetable growers for effective integrated management of E. vigintioctopunctata and other foliage-feeding beetles. 
 
...

Atef El-Sagheer1*, Anas El-Mesalamy1, Abdel-Monem Anany2 and Nashaat Mahmoud1

...n in number of J2 in all treatments, compared to the non-inoculated control, where the hatching inhibition and mortality percentages increased with an increase in exposure time. At 24 hours, increased the mean number of J2 hatched slowly than in first stages of experiment. Similar patterns showed against M. javanica infecting squash plants under greenhouse conditions. Data indicated that treatment with P. guilliermondii filtrate (1012) caused best percentage o...
Nasir Ali Tauqir1, Asim Faraz2*, Annamaria Passantino3, Muhammad Asif Shahzad1, Rana Muhammad Bilal4, Adeel Tahir1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2 and Abdul Waheed2
...tio as compared to other treatments. Birds fed diets B (CE3) also exhibited significantly higher nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristic as compared to other treatments. Growth responses, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of birds were optimized fed 3% of CSL and Enzose mixture as compared to others.
...

Nguyenthuy Linh1, Nguyen Thi Kim Dong2*, Nguyen Van Thu3 

... the Lys 1.2 and Lys 1.1 treatments in both periods (P<0.05). At 8-week-old period, the digestibility results of lysine, and valine in the Lys 1.2 treatment; and of isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine in the ME 12.97 treatment were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the other treatments. At 10-week-old period, the Lys 1.1 and ME 13.81 treatments had some better essential amin...
Jhan Zeb1*, Saiqa Tufail1, Nausheen Saboohi1, Zafar Samuel2, Asher Azeem3, Yaseen Amir4 and Sehrish Akram5
... significantly among the treatments, showing an inverse relationship with body fats. The feeding regime D4 (9.5/30% lipid/protein level) gave fish the highest flesh proteins i.e. 19.17±0.03%. The carcass lipid were generally higher in fish groups fed lower protein level whereas the fish groups fed higher protein level fetched comparatively lower body lipids. Body ash contents of L. rohita varied slightly among the

Sadarman1, Agung Irawan2, Muhammad Ridla3, Anuraga Jayanegara3*, Nahrowi3, Roni Ridwan4, Ahmad Sofyan5, Hendra Herdian5, I Nyoman Guna Darma5, Teguh Wahyono6, Dewi Febrina1, Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap7, Rizki Amalia Nurfitriani8, Danung Nur Adli9 

...evels of tannin addition treatments. The experiment was arranged following a 2×3 factorial design with four replications. Degradability parameters were measured at 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation time. Results showed that adding either CT or HT on soy sauce residue did not affect the degradation kinetics as represented by the values of the soluble fraction (a), degradation rate (c), and effective degradability (ED) value. However, there was a si...

Pham Tan Nha*, Le Thu Thuy 

...randomized design with 5 treatments corresponding to 5 diets and 3 replications. Ten ducks balancing in sex were used in one experimental unit. The treatment 0 (basic diet, 0%). Treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4 were mixed basic and shrimp soluble hydrolysate with 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%, respectively (DM). The treatments were: SH0, SH1, SH2, SH3 and SH4, respectively. The results shown that daily weight gain (DWG) was lower for the ducks w...

Wassan Mhammed Husain1*, Zainab Sattar Ali2 

... and given the following treatments for 28 days: G1: as a control, the animals were oral administration with DW. G2: healthy rats were given 0.035 mg/kg BW of Phitofert ® every day by gavage. G3: twice a week, they were given 500 mg/kg B.W. of CCL4 mixed with an equivalent volume of olive oil (o.5 ml/kg B.W.). G4: were treated twice a week with 500 mg/kg BW of CCL4 mixed with an equivalent amount of olive oil (o.5 ml/kg BW) and gavaged with (0.035 mg/kg BW...

Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Umbreen Shahzad2, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Sami Ullah2, Muhammad Arshad Farooq2, Muhammad Kashan2 and Shitab Khan2

...water used in irrigation treatments, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days intervals were 1125, 750, 560, 450 and 360 mm, respectively. Results indicated that reduced tillage had higher plant population (32454), plant height (114.8cm), bolls per plants (18.9), bolls weight (2.42g), seed cotton yield (1812 kg ha-1) and lint percentage (36.72%) than conventional tillage. Likewise, frequent irrigation interval of 10 days produced taller plants compared to less frequent irri...

Nguyen Binh Truong1,2,3*, Nguyen Van Thu3 

...Latin square design. The treatments were 47, 51, 55 and 59% NDF in diets corresponding to NDF47, NDF51, NDF55 and NDF59 treatments following the previous findings of the in vitro experiment. Each experimental period was two weeks including one week for adaptation and another one for sampling. The results showed that nutrient intakes (kg/animal/day) were similar (P>0.05) among treatments...

Dewi Ratih Ayu Daning1,2, L.M. Yusiati1, C. Hanim1, B.P. Widyobroto1*

...n vitro. It applies five treatments with six replications and uses completely randomized design to analyze the data. Only if do such differences exist, the Duncan Multiple Range Tests (DMRT) were conducted. The treatments consist of the following galangal EO doses: 0, 30, 60, 120 µL, and 5 µL pure cineole at 300 mg dry matter feed. The experiment proves that gas production, methane (CH4), dry matter digestibility...

Sudip Debnath1, Dipta Sundar Sarker1, Pankaj Kundu1, Md. Shahin Parvez1, Shaikh Tareq Arafat1, Roshmon Thomas Mathew2, Yousef A Alkhamis2,3, Md Moshiur Rahman1, Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman1* 

...s high (≥ 90%) in all treatments and remained unaffected by the dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Differences in growth performance were realized in terms of final weight (g), final length (cm), weight gain (g, %), SGR (%), and metabolic growth rate (g kg-0.8 d-1) (P < 0.05), while swordtail juveniles fed Tubifex and custard showed similar growth performances (P > 0.05). There was a tendency towards a marginally sig...

Prima Mei Widiyanti1*, Mirnawati B Sudarwanto2, Etih Sudarnika2, Raphaella Widiastuti1 

...ere submitted to thermal treatments. The milk samples were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. This study showed that no heating (control), heating at 72 oC for 15 seconds (high temperature short time pasteurization), and 89 oC for 1 second (higher heat shorter time pasteurization) did not affect on enrofloxacin antibiotic residue concentration, however heating at 121 oC for 15 minutes (sterilization) affected the antibiotic en...

Anguara Khatun1*, Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury1, Bibek Chandra Roy2, S.M. Shafikul Gani3, Bipul Chandra Ray1, Tanvir Ahmed1 

...located to three dietary treatments each of eight replications having 20 birds each. The basal diets were corn-soya broiler starter and broiler grower diets. Starter diet was fed up to 21 days and grower diet during 22-35 days. In treatment 1, chicks were fed a basal diet (Diet 1), in treatment 2, chicks received a basal diet plus a multi-strain probiotics @100g/100kg feed (Diet 2) and in the third treatment, the basal diet was supplemented with multi-enzymes ...
Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado1,2*, Wu Zhengke1, Adanan Purba1, Chen Jiang1, Huiyi Cai1, Chen Guilan1 and Guohua Liu1*
...ned into comprising four treatments with six replicates (n=10), which included control (basal diet), control +0.25% AZO, control + 0.50% AZO and control + kitasamycin (as AGPs). The results indicate that LBGW, ADG and FCR was significantly (P<0.05) improved in AZO 0.25% and 0.50% than the control. Eviscerated (EV), breast muscle (BM) and leg muscle (LM) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the AZO 0.50% treated groups than control. Digestibility of DM, ...

K.M. Injarul Haque, Sharmeen Islam*, Md. Rokibul Islam Khan, Md. Ruhul Amin 

...erature according to the treatments T0 (0% RC), T1 (5% RC), T2 (10% RC), and T3 (15% RC) with 5% molasses as dry matter basis at 0, 14, 21, and 28 days, respectively. Results showed that the physical qualities (color, odor, and softness) of silages were improved in rumen content added treatments till 28 days of ensiling period. The pH of silages was declined (p<0.05) with the enhancement of RC and ensiling period. The cru...

Li Wei, Wei-wei Shao and Zhi-hua Lin*

...tes under most pesticide treatments (22/28) and growth under all pesticide treatments were lower than those under the control treatment. Mortality and growth reduction rates under treatment with pairwise combinations of pesticides were rarely higher than those under treatment with individual pesticides. At concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/L, the survival rates of F. limnocharis tadpoles did not drastically differ under treatment...

Arkan B. Mohammed*, Ammar S. Abdulwahid, Samah M. Raouf 

... to one of the following treatments: T1 (control diet), T2 (5g/kg of thyme), and T3 (10g/kg of thyme). Each treatment was tested using three groups of hens, which were subject to treatments from 40 to 47 weeks of age. The productive metrics were measured on daily and weekly basis in the period from 40 to 47 weeks of age, while the egg quality was measured after 56 days. Hematological, biochemical and antioxidants parameters ...

Keiven Mark B. Ampode1*, Federico C. Mendoza2 

...set-up with four dietary treatments. Each treatment was replicated three times, having five birds in every replication. The experimental rations containing graded levels of OP (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) were formulated and fed ad libitum in 42 days feeding trial. The results indicated that broiler chickens fed with OP showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the final weight, body weight gain, voluntary feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. The cell-mediated i...

Tintin Rostini1*, Irwan Zakir1, Danang Biyatmoko2 

... were divided into four treatments consisting of TR0 (basal ration of palm waste-based local feed without Curcuma and yeast), TR1 (basal diet with 0.5% yeast), TR2 (basal diet with 2% Curcuma flour) and TR3 (basal diet with 0.5% yeast and 2% Curcuma flour). Meanwhile, the variables measured include consumption, dry matter digestibility, organic matter, crude protein, NDF, ADF, daily body weight gain, feed conversion, and blood metabolism. Furthermore, the dat...

Mohammad Hussain Haidary1, Rozanaliza Radzi1*, Muhammad Waseem Aslam1, Seng Fong Lau1, Farina Mustaffa Kamal2, Ahmad Rasul Radzali1 

...ious medical combination treatments based on owner observation, while 33% (19/57) succumbed to death. Partial and full mouth dental extraction was applied in 16/57 (28%) cats and result exhibited 1.7% (n=1) death, 3.5% (n=2) partial remission, and 22.8% (n=13) full recovery. Intralesional triamcinolone injection was able to manage FCGS in the short term. Serratiopeptidase or papain alone was not effective in the management of the FCGS.

Keywords | Felin...

Muhammad Khubaib Hameed, Muhammad Aziz ur Rahman, Muhammad Ashraf, Safdar Hassan, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Qamar Bilal, Fawwad Ahmad, Muhammad Sharif*

... and were divided into 4 treatments in completely randomized design. Each treatment further subdivided into six replicates and each replicate contained 10 chicks. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric starter (CP and ME as 22% and 2850 kcal/kg, respectively) and finisher (CP and ME as 20% and 2950 kcal/kg, respectively) diets (A, B, C and D) were formulated. Diet A contained arginine level according to the NRC (1994) recommendations both in starter and finisher...

Kashifa Naghma Waheed*, Tariq Rashid, Sikender Hayat, Muhammad Azeem and Sajid Ali Naqvi

... (p<0.01) between two treatments for their response to fish growth. The post-hoc test revealed that growth of Major carps was significantly higher with greenhouse as compared to without greenhouse (at p < 0.05). Growth and survival rate of Catla catla were found more pronounced as compared to the other two carps under greenhouse cover. The results facilitated the objectives of this research that greenhouse cover can be applied practically for improvement...

Serdar Eratak1, Metin Çabuk2,* and Ahmet Alcicek3

... randomly divided into 4 treatments, each with 4 replicates: control, 10%, 15% and 20% lentil byproducts—fed to the quails between 1 to 35 days of age. The mash experimental diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. No significant effects of the lentil byproduct inclusion level were observed on the mean total feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and body weight. Similarly, the relative weight of internal organs and carcass yield were not significantly...

Pham Tan Nha1*, Nguyen Thi Kim Dong2, Le Thu Thuy1 

...randomized design with 5 treatments corresponding to 5 diets and 4 replications with 10 birds per experimental unit. The treatments were the different ginger supplement levels of 0.1. 0.2. 0.3 and 0.4 % (in DM) to basal diet. Corresponding to the G0, G0.1, G0.2, G0.3 and G0.4 treatments. The results showed that the daily intakes of DM, OM, CP and EE were signiificantly higher (P<0.05) f...
Shehzadi Saima1*, Faiza Ghaffar1, Ghulam Yasin1, Muhammad Nawaz2 and Khalid Masood Ahmad1
...ation was recorded. Salt treatments also reduced the dry and fresh weight of roots and shoots in all varieties considerably (P<0.05). Over all Nerali performed better and thus concluded as tolerant variety while Rama posa was proved to be a sensitive variety.
...

Hera Gul Mohmmand1, Rozina Gul1, Hamayoon Khan2, Sheraz Ahmed1*, Laila Fayyaz1, Ajmalud Din1 and Imtiaz Ali1

...e replications under two treatments. One treatment was a control without phosphorous application, while the second treatment was application of phosphorous at a rate of 35.3 kg (P2O5) ha-1. Data were documented on plant height, pod number plant-1, seed number pod-1, seed number plant-1, 100-seed weight, seed yield and harvest index. Amongst genotypes, highly significant variation was observed for the studied characters. Similarly, significant results were obta...

Ho Le Quynh Chau, Than Thi Thanh Tra, Duong Thi Huong, Du Thanh Hang, Le Thi Thu Hang, Vo Thi Minh Tam, Dinh Van Dung*, Ho Trung Thong 

...factorial arrangement of treatments with four replicate cages of 20 chicks per treatment. Two factors include 2 chicken groups (Ri hybrid-slow-growing strain and Luong Phuong-fast-growing strain) and three dietary SID methionine concentration (low, adequate, high). The methionine levels were set up by the recommendation of Evonik (2010) for coloured chickens. At 12 weeks of age, 8 male and 8 female chicks per treatment were randomly chosen for the carcass...

Fulencio Ferretiz-Rodríguez1, Jose Alejandro Roque-Jiménez1, Héctor A. Lee-Rangel1*, Gregorio Alvarez-Fuentes1, Juan Carlos Garcia-Lopez1, Rolando Rojo-Rubio2 

... assigned to one of four treatments: Control diet, Biocholine (BIO) supplementation (15 grams/cow/day), Optimethionine (OP) supplementation (9 grams/cow/day), and BIO x OP supplementation, with a duration of 60 days. Optimethionine treatments decrease milk production (P ≤ 0.05), but fat corrected production was higher (P ≤ 0.05) when cows were supplemented with BIO. The chemical composition of the milk did not show dif...

Jarmuji Jarmuji1,3, Lili Warly2*, Mardiati Zain2, Khasrad Khasrad2

...itute for rice bran. The treatments were arranged as follow: P0= OPF + concentrate + 10% commercial sakura block, P1 = OPF + concentrate + 6% sakura block plus, P2 = OPF + concentrate + 8% sakura block plus, P3 = OPF+ concentrate + 10 % sakura block plus, P4 = OPF + concentrate + 12% sakura block plus, P5 = OPF+ concentrate + 14% sakura block plus. Supplementation of sakura block plus in OPF was able to increase rumen fermentation products, digestibility of nu...
Indah Prihartini1*, Miftachi Ari2, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum3,4, Akhis Soleh Ismail1 and  Listiari Hendraningsih1
...CBD) with four levels of treatments and three groups. In addition, a further test was conducted using Duncan’s multiple range due to a significant difference. The treatments were rice straw added by probiotic level which consisted of (P0: 0 %; P1: 0.5 %; P2: 1.0 %; P3: 1.5 %). Also, the in-vitro gas production was observed at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h incubation period for digestibili...

Raheela Naz1*, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Ana Aslam1, Qudsia Nazir1, Asifa Naz3, Abid Niaz4, Farah Rasheed1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Sadia Sultana1, Ifra Saleem1, Arfan ul Haq1, Muhammad Arif1, Aamer Sattar1, Sarfraz Hussain5 and Muhammad Adnan Rafique6

...AS) as compared to other treatments. Furthermore, the chemical analysis showed the maximum quantity of N, P and K in wheat grains obtained from T6. This study concluded that split application of fertilizer at various stages of wheat crop produced better yield as well as wheat quality. The joined addition of NPK at sowing time along with 2% spray of N and K after 30 and 45 days of sowing is the best approach for the increase in wheat growth and yield.
...

Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Sumayya Amin1, Muhammad Salim1*, Taufiq Nawaz2 and Farida Anjum3

... Design. There were four treatments i.e., Cypermethrin, Imidacloprid, Lamda cyhalothirn and control. Each treatment was replicated three times. Lowest mean percent fruits infestation (2.84%), highest yield per treatment (9.56 kg) per plot, highest ascorbic acid content (11.06 mg/100g), fresh weight of treated tomato fruits (101.45 g) and lowest content of mean pesticides residue (0.054%) was recorded in plots treated with Imidacloprid. It was followed by Lamda...

Aasma Younas*, Ijaz Iqbal and Atif Akbar

... for different values of treatments, blocks and periods using all possible cyclic shifts. In this article, a computer program has been introduced. This is an era of technology, no one has time to do laborious work by hand. The results suggested some general rules for the construction of such designs. For p ≤ 5 and different combinations of n and p. All possible shifts will help the planners to enhance their choice.

...

Mirza Lena1,2, Dinda Fathia Syahramadani2, Alfi Nurrachma Gustya2, Arif Darmawan2,3, Sumiati2, Wiwin Winarsih4, Minoru Maeda5, Komang Gede Wiryawan2*  

...ed T5 and T6 groups. All treatments had no significant effect on broiler performance in starter, grower, cumulative periods, as well as E. coli and lactic acid bacteria populations. The combination of L. lactis and B. licheniformis improved (p < 0.05) villus height. The highest villi surface, true metabolizable energy (TME) value (p < 0.05) were recorded in the L. lactis group. In conclusion, the combination of L. lactis D1813 and B. licheniformis D3270 ...

Ayman M. Khalifah1*, Walaa A. Kashyout1, Sara A. Abdalla2, Hassan S. Zeweil3, Soliman M. Zahran3, Tarek A. Ebeid4, Waleed M. Dosoky3 

...lotted to 5 experimental treatments (6 replicates per treatment). Treatments were: 1) Basel diet (BD), 2) 0.2 g Cr-Met/kg diet, 3) 0.4 g Cr-Met/kg diet, 4) 0.6 g Cr-Met/kg diet, and 5) 0.8 g Cr-Met/kg diet. Results showed that the performance traits, including feed conversion ratio (FCR), daily egg number, and egg mass, were affected positively by Cr-Met supplementation (P ≤ 0.05) compared to birds fed BD. All eggshell an...

Mensah Gertrude Dzifa1, Christian Larbi Ayisi2,* and Elliot Haruna Alhassan1

...cantly different amongst treatments and ranged between 4.42±0.04 to 6.19±0.14. Overall, the findings indicate that shea nut meal can be used as a substitute for fish meal up to 25% without negative effects on growth and feed utilization in O. niloticus.

...

Hassan Ali1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1* and Muhammad Imran Hamid2

...0%) than other botanical treatments. Similarly, the highest concentration (15%) of C. reticulata extract exhibited maximum repellency (88%) of larvae, followed by Datura stramonium (84%) and Azadirachta indica (79%) at 24 h post-exposure. Regarding bioassays with microbial insecticides, maximum mean mortality of larvae (i.e. 42.6 and 46.1%) were exhibited by the highest concentration of Bacillus thuringiensis (18000 CFUs mg-1) and Lecanicillium lecanii (1.0 &t...
Hanan A. Abo-State*, Mosaad M. El-Monairy, Yasser A. Hamouda, Hussein M.A. Hassan
...e was detected among all treatments in whole body composition. From these results it could be concluded that using PSO up to 75% from the ordinary source of vegetable oil in Nile tilapia fish diets enhances growth performance and feed utilization and without negative effect on whole body composition which may lead to improve fish production.
 
Keywords | Pumpkin seed oil, Nile tilapia, Performance, feed utilization, Body compositio...

Doaa Khairy1, Mohamed Ali Osman2 and Fatma Abdel Mohsen Mostafa1*

...iomass better than other treatments. However, triple application of canola, moringa and neem leaf extracts (41.0%) surpassed all treatments and improved tomato length. All treatments significantly (P<0.05) suppressed nematode population, root galling and number of egg masses. The highest nematicidal activity was performed by leaf extracts mixture of moringa, neem and canola. NPK, chloro...

Taiwo Oladoye Akande*, Dayo Johnson Ogunyemi, Priscilla Funmilola Okunlola, Emmanuel Owolabi, Odetayo Olakanmi 

...assigned to five dietary treatments with five replicates of 10 birds each in a completely randomized design. Five experimental diets at starting and finishing phases were formulated. Diet 1 was the control with no PFA, diets 2, 3, 4, 5 contained PFA (garlic, turmeric, moringa) at 20gkg-1 diet and blend of the three (at 1:1:1) respectively. Feed intake and body weight gained were determined on weekly basis. There were significant (P<0.05) changes in body we...

Amira M. Refaie1*, Manal S. Mohamed1, Enayat H. Abo El-Azayem1, Sherein H. Mohamed2 

...allowed to the following treatments; a normal control group fed a basal diet without AA (T1), a positive control group fed T1 diet plus 0.1% Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis (T2; Pro.), then the 3rd, 4th and 5th were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15% AA, respectively and abbreviated as 0.05% AA (T3), 0.10% AA (T4) and 0.15% AA, respectively. The trail was ended after pregnant period and nursering kits till weaning. The res...

Mariam Arain1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* and Muhammad Javed Arshed2

... ad-libitum. The dietary treatments were continued for 2 months. The results showed that microbial count (E. coli and Lactobacillus) was higher (p<0.05) in goats offered basal diet supplemented with organic selenium compared to goats fed on basal diet with no Se supplementation. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were significantly higher (p<0.05) in control group goats compared to goats in supplemented group. Significantly higher ...

Jumshaid Iqbal1, Muhammad Sharif1*, Muhammad Nadeem Suleman2, Muhammad Saeed3, Fawwad Ahamd1, Asghar Ali kamboh4, Tugay Ayaşan5 and Muhammad Arslan3

...;0.05) among all dietary treatments. Histomorphology of small intestine showed variations in intestinal wall width (IW), lumen area (LA), villi height (VH) and villi width (VW) with respect to supplementation of NGP. Maximum IW and VW was observed in duodenum and jejunum respectively, whereas greater LA and VH was noticed in ileum. In conclusion, supplementation of non-antibiotic NGP improved the performance and histomorphology of broiler chickens. 

...

A. Samy1*, H.M.A. Hassan1, Fatma T.F. Abd-El Ghany2, Shama H. Morsy2 

...ty was unaffected in all treatments. Considerably, Addition of curcumin or garlic extract boosted final weight, weight gain, and feed efficiency compared to the control group. Dietary treatments were significantly (P<0.05) raised carcass weight and carcass percent, while liver, heart, kidney, giblets, and spleen percentage were not affected. When curcumin or garlic extract were added at 200 or 400 ppm, Improved the antiox...

Rabia Bibi1, R. Muhammad Tariq2, Samir A.M. Abdelgaleil3 and Munawwer Rasheed1, 4*

...lation. In addition, all treatments of A. taxiformis and L. karachiana significantly reduced the eggs laying by C. maculatus counted after 96 h of treatment. More than 70% mortality was also obtained after 96 h exposure at a dose of 2.2 mg/cm2 with most of the seaweed extracts against S. oryzae and C. maculatus. While treatment with J. rubens and G. foliifera provided only low to moderate toxicity to both tested species.

...

Nuraini Nuraini*, Mirzah Mirzah, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Harnentis Harnentis 

...omized Design (CRD). The treatments were the types of fungi, namely Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and six replications. The parameter measured: cellulase activity, crude fiber, fiber digestibility, crude protein, and nitrogen retention. The results of phase 1 showed that the types of fungi had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on the nutrient quality of fermented Azolla microphylla. Fermentation of Azolla microphyl...

Xiaopeng Tang1*, Kangning Xiong1, Peng Peng2 and Dun Deng2*

...2 g) were divided into 6 treatments: (1) Control group (T0), (2) 20% replacement group (T1), (3) 40% replacement group (T2), (4) 60% replacement group (T3), (5) 80% replacement group (T4), and (6) 100% replacement group (T5). Each treatment had 6 replicates, and each replicate had 18 broilers. The experiment lasted for 21 days. The results showed that: (1) Dietary replacement of SBM with cDDGS had significant (P < 0.05) effects on the final body weight, ADG...

Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1,2, Hong Seok Mun1, Myeong Gil Jeong1, Eun Ju Yang3, Hyeoung Seog Park4 and Chul Ju Yang1,2,*

...re not influenced by the treatments. However, the weight of small intestine was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in birds receiving dietary treatment T4 as compared with the control. On an average, meat TBARS value was decreased (P<0.05) in all supplemented groups (except T1 and T2) and the lowest (P<0.05) meat microbiological count was seen in T4. These results indicate that certain ratios of plant extracts and liquid minerals can be used to enhance th...

Hosny Kesba1, Ashraf Suloma2, Samy Sayed3*, Abdullah Abdel-Rahman1 and Shaimaa Diab1

...two inoculation times of treatments either in sandy soil or sandy loam soil. Also, the produced eggs were highly influenced by the STP source achieving half of the produced eggs in the ITB after 45 days of inoculation time. The plant growth was enhanced. The efficiency percentage (%) of STP in both soil types was more than ITB. The growth parameters of the plants (length and fresh and dry weights) in both soil types also significantly increased when compared w...

Muhammad Tahir Jan1,2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3,*, Muhammad Binyameen1,* and Sarfraz Ali Shad1

...etween the varieties and treatments. The most critical months were August and September in which the rate of IMF damaged by single larva was 4.5 and 4.1 and MB at the rate of 1.5 and 1.6 in CIM-496 while 3.6 and 4.1 IMF and 1.7 MB damage per larva in CIM-506, respectively. By controlling the pest infestation up to70-80% damage or 66% larval population, the yield was increased by 22-24% in long or short duration genotypes. Inevitable losses due to E. vittella w...

Majid Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Razia Iqbal3, M. Mudassar Shahzad4,*, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3, Afia Muhammad Akram4, Nisar Ahmad5 and Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan2

...trol diet. Comparison of treatments showed maximum values of RBCs (2.83×106mm-3), WBCs (7.76×103mm-3), PLT (65.96), Hb (8.47 g/100ml), PCV (24.51 %), and MCV (187.11 fl) in fingerlings fed 3% CA supplemented diet. In conclusion, 3% CA acidified MOSM based diet performed better regarding mineral absorption, carcass composition and hematological indices C. mrigala fingerlings. 
...

Arab Khan Lund1*, Atta Hussain Shah2, Gul Bahar Khaskheli2, Mool Chand Malhi3, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi4, Abdul Samad Mangsi5 and Asad Ali Khaskheli6

...varied at different heat treatments in contrast to control (T0). The variation was also observed in conductivity, refractive index, moisture, fat, protein and lactose content, however, it was non-significant (p>0.05). Results are concluded that the nitrogen fractions markedly affected by different heating and time combinations followed by physical properties while less effect on the chemical components of milk ultimately nutritive value.

...

Rasha Ali Taha Hamza1, Atef Saad Osheba1, Hassan Mohamed Sobhy2, Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal2* 

...udanese meat. Six burger treatments were prepared from each type of meat. The results of inhibitory effect against the selected organisms indicated that; 90% ethanolic extract of sumac and galangal was found to be effective against all Gram negative bacteria, Gram positive bacteria, yeast and molds, with note that the gram positive bacteria were more sensitive than gram negative. Antibacterial activity of different galangal and sumac extracts against total bac...

Luke Chukwudi Ali*, Nnanna Ephraim Ikeh, Bright Chigozie Amaefule, Amarachi Linda Obinna, Ndubuisi Samuel Machebe 

...ions were similar in all treatments (P>0.05). This investigation depicts that DCSM inclusion above 15% affected semen quality negatively even though results on testicular morphometric traits and histology appeared non-significant.

Keywords | Rabbit bucks, Semen traits, Sperm characters, Testicular morphometry, Histomorphology, Discarded cocoa seed meal 

...

Momotaz Khanom*, Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman, Muhammad Yousuf Ali, Md. Shahin Parvez, Al-Hasan Antu, Md. Nazmul Ahsan 

...ubjected to four feeding treatments in triplicates (100 larvae/aquarium). The catfish larvae were fed with live Tubifex (LT), dry Tubifex (DT), formulated feed (FF), and commercial feed (CF) two times a day for 60 days. Results showed that larvae fed with formulated feed (FF) grew significantly faster than the other treatments (p<0.05). The weight gains were observed as 2.6 g in FF; 2.0 g in CF and 1.9g in LT and 1.54g in...

Lopamudra Samantaray*, Yashaswi Nayak 

...th compared to the other treatments. The combined diet of black pepper and turmeric significantly (P < 0.05) improved feed intakes. The hemoglobin concentration, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) values of birds fed with 0.5% black pepper and 0.5% turmeric, as well as 1% black pepper, were found to be higher. The Red Blood Cell (RBC) counts were increased with 0.5% black pepper and 0.5% fennel. The study concluded that phy...

Zahra Jamilah Sabrina1, Adrian Pearl Gunawan2, Beryl Reinaldo Chandra2, Ilham Pangestu Harwoko3, Johannes Marulitua Nainggolan4,Widi Nugroho1* 

...HA+PRP, and nano-CHA+PRP treatments. Characteristics of micro-CHA and nano-CHA were analysed using Particle Size Analyser (PSA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The course of fracture healings was analysed at 21 days post-treatment using Emery’s score and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U statistics. Results showed that micro-CHA has a molecular formula of Ca10(PO4)3(CO3)5(OH...
Nguyen Binh Truong1,2,3*, Nguyen Van Thu3
...atin square design. Four treatments were 47, 51, 55, and 59% NDF in diets (DM basis) corresponding to NDF47, NDF51, NDF55 and NDF59 treatments. In the second experiment, a total of 30 crossbred beef cattle were assigned into three groups (Charolais, Black Angus and Wagyu) which each consisted of ten animals (5 males and 5 females). The experiment consisted of a 7 days adaptation period when crossbred cattle were introduced t...

I Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra1*, Anak Agung Ngurah Badung Sarmuda Dinata2,  I Gede Mahardika1,  I Gusti  Nyoman Gde Bidura1

...k design consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. The four treatments tested were as follows: A: elephant grass + concentrate A (without HLF); B: treatment A + concentrate B (with 5% HLF); C: treatment A + concentrate C (with 10% HLF); and treatment D: Treatment A+ concentrate D (with 15% HLF). The protein balance, blood metabolic profile, body composition, and nutrient deposition were measured. The results showed that...
Paulus Klau Tahuk*, Oktovianus R. Nahak T.B., Gerson F. Bira, Adrianus Manek, Donatus Manek, Tobias Y. Purnama, Emanuel Bubun, Bergias Subay
...elatively the same among treatments. However, the intake of CP and CF in T2 and T3 was higher (P<0.05) than T1. On the other hand, the TDN intake of T2 was higher (P<0.05) than T1. However, T3 has relatively the same consumption with T2 and T1. Furthermore, the nutrient digestibility was relatively the same among the treatments, while the daily body weight gain (ADG) of T2 was higher (P<0.05) than T1 and T3. Additio...
Manatsanun Nopparatmaitree1*, Pornpan Saenphoom1, Sittichai Bunlue1, Silchai Washiraomornlert1, Warangkana Kitpipit2,3,4, Soranot Chotnipat1
...domized design with four treatments and four replications per treatment (n = 20). The treatment consisted of a control diet based on a corn-soybean basal diet and a control diet supplemented with 10, 30, and 50 g/kg TABP combined with 2 g/kg probiotics. This study shows that TABP combined with probiotic supplementation significantly affected the apparent digestibility of dry matter, ether extract, crude fiber, and crude protein (p<0.05). The supplementation...

Sepri Reski*, Maria Endo Mahata, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli

... were distributed into 5 treatments with 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. The fermented seaweed was supplemented at the level of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % in the diets. The observed variables were live weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, percentage of carcass and giblets weight. The results showed that Turbinaria murayana fermented by IMO’s fruit waste up to 20% on feed highly significant effect (P≤0.01) of body we...
Gamalat Y. Osman1, Elham M. Hassan1*, Tarek A. Salem2, Azza H. Mohamed1

Mimi Syazwani Jaapar1, Eric Lim Teik Chung1,2*, Nazri Nayan1, Mamat Hamidi Kamalludin1,2, Mookiah Saminathan3, Kalai Vaani Muniandy2, Muhammad Hazziq Mohd Hamdan1, Shokri Jusoh1, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse2,4 

...el of significance among treatments. The net gas production and gas production kinetics demonstrated notable changes (P < 0.05) among treatments. Besides, only the acetic acid and total VFA showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for the rumen fermentation characteristics. Generally, the T3 diet consisted of 60% B. decumbens diet demonstrated the lowest gas production, gas production parameters, acetic acid, and tota...

Avijite Sarker, Sharmeen Islam, S.M. Ariful Islam, Md. Rokibul Islam Khan*, Md Mukhlesur Rahman 

...f feeds were improved in treatments with market fish wastes up to 60 days but after 45 days, in T3, fungi and some bad smells were obtained. The pH, dry matter (DM), crude fiber (CF) were reduced and the crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, ME, OMD were elevated significantly with MFW and ensiling time (P<0.05). Comparing the parameters, T2 and T3 were preferable to prepare silages as cattle feed. Finally, it can be summed up that market fish waste ...
Luu Huynh Anh1, Huynh Tan Loc2, Nguyen Hong Xuan3, Le Minh Thanh1, Trinh Thi Hong Mo4, Ly Thi Thu Lan5, Nguyen Trong Ngu1*
.... The NC+MHH6 and NC+PR2 treatments received 109 pfu/ml of phages MHH6 or PR2, respectively; whereas the PC+MHH6, PC+PR2, and PC+MHH6PR2 groups were infected with 107.1 cfu/ml of E. coli strain O6 and treated with 109 pfu/ml of phages of MHH6, PR2, or both. E. coli infection was inoculated in two-day-old chicks, and phages were administered 24 hours later. The mortality rate of chickens in the PC+MHH6PR2 group was significantly lower (16.7%) than in the PC gro...

Ghulam Murtaza1,6*, Muhammad Irfan Fareed2, Noshaba Munawar3, Muhammad Nadeem Khan4, Gul-E- Zahra5, Taskeen Ahmad6, Muhammad Daud6 and Taqi Raza6

...e of insecticides in all treatments. So, it can be concluded that spinosad was more toxic to kill A. aegypti larvae.

...

Adil Ali Gadahi1, Wajid Ali Jatoi1, Saima Mir Arain2, Jay Kumar Sootaher1*, Piar Ali Shar1, Sadaf Memon1, Muhammad Saleem Chang3, Zeeshan Majeed Kumbhar1 and Kirshan Kumar Menghwar1

...ial arrangement of three treatments i.e. T1 (zero irrigation), T2 (two irrigations), T3 (four irrigations) during Rabi season, 2016-2017. The ANOVA results exposed significant differences among genotypes as well as treatments for most of the attributes, however genotypes x treatment was also significant for several characters. Among the treatments, T3 (four irrigation) recorded higher mean...

Nur Prabewi , Supriyanto, Budi Purwo Widiarso* 

...gn (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments and 10 replications. Treatments includes: T0= meat marinated for 0 hour (unmarinated), T1= meat marinated for 3 hours, and T2= meat marinated for 6 hours. Our results indicated that herbal marination significantly improved the quality of broiler meat in terms of the antioxidant and protein content (P<0.05). It also demonstrated a significant increase in meat tenderness (P<0.05), how...

Muhammad Zeeshan Nadeem1, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem1*, Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid1 and Muhammad Anwar ul Haq2

...stan. Three seed priming treatments viz. hydro priming (48h), ascorbate (40 mg L-1) and calcium chloride (100 mg L-1) including one control (no-priming) were tested with four pearl millet cultivars (YBS-98, 18-BY, Ghana White and Sargodha Bajra 2011) during the experimentation. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. The results revealed that seed germination, plant growth, fodder ...

Adimabua Mike Moemeka1, Ufuoma Godstime Sorhue1*, Sylvanus Ikenna Omeje2, Lawrence Bratte2, Raphael Onainor1, Okpara Oghenesuvwe2 

...domly allotted into five treatments of nine pigs each. Treatment one (T1) had 100% maize based diet as control, treatment two (T2) had 100% boiled red sweet potato meal, treatment three (T3) had 50% boiled red sweet potato meal + 50% maize, treatment four (T4) had 25% boiled red sweet potato meal + 75% maize, while treatment five (T5) had75% boiled red sweet potato meal + 25% maize. Chemical analysis showed higher nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and lower crude p...

Abdul Qadoos1, Muhammad Bakhtiar2*, Wajiha Seerat3, Asma Bibi4, Sohail Rahman1, Muhammad Noman Khan5, Ghulam Yaseen6, Mamoona Munir7 and Sadiqullah Khan8

...plot Structure). All the treatments were repeated 4 times to reduce the chances of natural errors. The various levels of P (0, 75, 90 and 105 kg ha-1) were assigned to major plots and Zn levels (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 kg ha-1) were allocated to sub-plot. ‘Atta Habib’ wheat variety was sown @ 120 kg ha-1. Result of the experiment shows that both factors had considerably affected all measured parameters. Application of P @105 kg P ha-1 resulted maximum t...

Marwa Ragab Saeed Abdallah, Hussein Mohamed Hussein Mohamed, Mohamed Mohamed Talaat Emara, Mai Atef Mohamed

...lity among the different treatments. The composite treatments extended the wholesomeness of pastirma to 16 weeks at 5 °C in comparison with 12, 8, and 4 weeks for uncoated vacuum-packed, aerobically packed WPI/BW, and untreated control samples, respectively. Therefore, the application of WBI/BW edible coating before packaging of pastirma may be safely used at a commercial scale to extend the durability of pastirma.

...

Rana Aamir Shehzad1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Sabir Hussain Shah2, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Imran Shehzad1

...zed design (CRD) with 14 treatments and 06 replications. Pre and post-harvest soil analysis was performed. The results showed maximum increase in nitrogen (N) (0.91 ppm) and potassium (K) contents (2.59 ppm) in wheat crop and maximum increase in all plant parameters were recorded in T11 [T2 + all P from PROM (phosphorus rich organic manure)] followed by T13 (T2 + all P from phosphocompost). In case of soil characteristics, application of recommended NPK from c...

Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Hamza Latif1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Gulfam Yousuf1 and Muhammad Afzal2

...rtality increased in all treatments with time. Recommended dose of chlorantraniliprole (50 ml/100 litre water) insecticide showed 71.0% mortality of FAW on 5th day, which increased up to 82.0% on the 7th day after application of treatments. No significant (P > 0.05) difference in larval mortality was observed for chlorantraniliprole (recommended dose) and neem at 100ppm on the 5th and 7th day after application. Higher con...

Inam Ul Haq1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Mansoor Khan Khattak1 and Ahmad Khan2

...e result showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the plant height, spike m-2, grains spike-1, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index. The highest plant height (0.44 m) and spike m-2 (88) were found in the combination of P3 with C2. The highest grain yield (3298 kg ha-1) was recorded in the combination of P2 and C3. The highest biological yield (9144 kg ha-1) was found in P1 with C3. Though the highest grains spike-1 (89), thousand-grai...
Aiman Al Mufarji1, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1*, Rashid Al Zeidi2, Haitham Al Masruri3
...gned to Moringa oleifera treatments up to 50 and 100 g respectively and the 3rd group was used as a negative control. The 1st and 2nd groups were subjected to heat stress for three hours from 12:00 to 3:00 pm for three consecutive days. Before and after heat stress; thermo-tolerance parameters (rectal temperature, respiration rate, pulse rate, and partial pressure of oxygen (SPO2) were recorded, as well as, blood samples were collected and analyzed for hematol...
Widiastuti Ardiansyah1,3*, Osfar Sjofjan2, Eko Widodo2, Suyadi Suyadi2, Danung Nur Adli2
...ndomized design with six treatments and four replications was employed, with each experimental unit consisting of eight Mojosari ducks. The treatments consisted of T0 = basal diet, T1 = basal diet + 0.2% turmeric, T2 = basal diet + 0.8% turmeric, T3 = basal diet + 0.2% turmeric + 0.1% probiotics, T4 = basal diet + turmeric 0.8% + 0.6% probiotics, and T5 = basal diet + bacitracin 0.01%. Results were analysed via one-way ANOVA...

Mohamed E. El-Speiy1, Tarek A. Sadak1, Mohamed A. Abd-Elaal1, Ayman M. Khalifah2, Amr S. Morsy2*

...weeks were assigned to 6 treatments. Treatments were (1) control diet, (2) 50 mg (AG)/kg DM (AG1), (3) 100 mg (AG)/kg DM (AG2), (4) 100mg ZnSO4/kg DM (Zn), (5) 50 mg (AG) + 100 mg ZnSO4/ kg DM (AG1Zn) and (6) 100 mg (AG) + 100 mg ZnSO4/ kg DM (AG2Zn). Feeding AG2, AG1Zn, and AG2Zn recorded higher growth performance traits than control. The Zn, AG1Zn, and AG2Zn enhanced all apparent digestibility coefficient parameters compar...

Yasmin M. M. Mahmoud* 

...ose of the other dietary treatments. Diets involved up to 2%-DCHL had achieved the best (P<0.05) feed conversion compared with control one. In blood plasma, concentrations of total protein, albumin and globulin as well as activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly (P<0.05) increased while, glucose, total cholesterol, uric acid and creatinine were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in G1 as compared...

Ziaul Islam1*, Asad Sultan1, Sar Zamin Khan1 and Sher Bahader Khan2

...o five different dietary treatments. A basal diet formulated with corn-soybean meal (CON; without any additives) served as control diet and fed to birds in control group. Birds in other four groups were given same basal diet mixed either with zinc bacitracin (150 mg/kg diet; ZB-150); organic acids (200 mg/kg feed; OA-200); essential oil (150 mg/kg feed; EO-150) and or a combination of organic acid (OA) and essential oil (EO) at rate 200 and 150 mg/kg, respecti...

Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Amir Hamza1, Muhammad Saad1, Said Ghulam2 and Azmat Ullah1

...ha-1 as soil application treatments and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 as a foliar application of 2% K2SO4 solution at peak boll formation stage. Results revealed that tillage did not influence yield and quality attributes of cotton; however, potassium levels significantly affected yield and quality traits except fiber micronaire. Potassium fertilizer (soil-applied) at 250 kg ha-1 along with five foliar sprays of K2SO4 produced higher plant height, sympodial branches plant...

Amina Batool1*, Saba Aleem1, Ali Nawaz1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Waheed Arshad1, Muhammad Aslam2, Shiraz Ali3 and Muhammad Zeeshan3

...ree replication and four treatments. Different seed rates and genotypes significantly affected all plant traits except days to 50% heading, plant height and germination percentage. Contrarily, the interactive effect of genotype and seeding rate on all growth and yield attributes was found non-significant. Whereas, seeding density of 120 kg ha-1 exhibited more germination percentage (85 %), shoot length (11.57 cm), coleoptile length (3.97 cm), days to 50% headi...

Tasya Nur Karina1, Osfar Sjofjan2, Tri Eko Susilorini2, Muhammad Halim Natsir2*

...eeks, consisting of five treatments and five replications. Data analysis from this study Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results show that the treatments had no significant effect (p >0.05) on production performance and egg physical quality. To sum up, using date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has positive effect on the growth performance and egg quality of ISA BROWN laying h...

Shahan Azeem1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer2, Liaquat Ahmad3, Sameera Akhtar1 and Talat Naseer Pasha4,5

...ndomly divided into five treatments and housed under identical husbandry conditions. Antibiotic-free poultry feed was procured from a commercial feed mill. The antibiotics were mixed in the feed as per the manufacturer’s instructions and offered ad libitum to the chickens for the entire study period. The chickens were vaccinated for NDV and AIV. None of the antibiotics adversely affected the development of NDV or AIV hemagglutination inhibition geometric...

Muhammad Hanif Chandio1,2*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Muhammad Farooq Hassan3, Faheem Sadar4, Nasiruddin Shaikh1, Bushra Ainy Dars5, Ghulam Abass6, Asma Fatima6 and Shahnaz Rashid6

... and placed in different treatments (I-III) with two replicates Fish were fed all parts of chicken (APC) with 10% of their body weight. The results of the growth trial indicated moderate variation among the treatments that, 10 fish/m2in T-I exhibited maximum growth (64.6 g) with 100% survival ratio as compared to other treatment (II and III), 15 fish/m2 (35.0 g with 90% survival) and 20 fish/m2 (16.4 g with 80% survival), re...

Nguyen Hai Quan, Nguyen Huu Van*, Nguyen Thanh Thuy, Vo Thi Minh Tam, Le Duc Thao, Le Duc Ngoan 

...tively. In Exp. 2, eight treatments included: Control (CTL) – without any additives; Salt 0.5% added to CTL (SCTL); Cassava byproduct added to CTL at 5, 10 and 15% (CB5, CB10 and CB15, respectively); Molasses added to CTL at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% (M2.5, M5.0 and M7.5, respectively). Samples were collected at day 0, 7, 14 and 21 for pH and ammonia, and day 0 and 21 for chemical analysis. Results indicated that after 21 days of ensiling, the pH value of silage...

Mutassim Abdelrahman1, Ibrahim Alhidary1, Majdi Bahaddi1,2, Mohsen Alobre1,3, Riyadh Aljumaah1 and Rifat Ullah Khan4, *

...bs/treatment). The three treatments were as follow: control (fed with complete feed as total mixed ratio [TMR]); T1 (TMR with drenching 1% of Zeolite daily); and T2 (TMR with drenching 2% of Zeolite daily). The feeding trial lasted for 56 days. Digestibility trial was conducted at mid of the feeding trial using four lambs from each trial. At end of the trial, four lambs from each treatment were slaughtered and rumen fluid, liver, kidney, and meat were collecte...

Hazem E. M. Hassanien1*, Awad M. M. Mahmoud2, Elsayed M. Abdel-Raouf1, Nabil M. Eweedah1 and Midhat. N. Nassif3

...factorial arrangement of treatments -3 DCAD concentrations Tr1. (0.0, -100 or -180 mEq/kg DM) and -2 postpartum DCAD concentrations Tr2. (+250 or +350 mEq/kg DM). Prepartum urine pH was lower for cows fed -180 DCAD compared with -100 or 0.0 DCAD. Postpartum urine pH was higher for cows fed +350 mEq/kg compared with those fed +250 mEq/kg DCAD. Prepartum serum tCa, iCa, hydroxyproline (OH-PRO) was highest for -180 DCAD compared with both -100 and 0.0 DCAD. Parat...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1, Ibrahim Alhidary1, Mohsen Alobre1, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2*
...assigned to five dietary treatments as follows: TMR, AS1 (TMR +15 kg AS/Ton; 22.5 g/lamb/day), AS2 (TMR + 30 kg AS/Ton; 45 g/lamb/day), AS3 (TMR + 45 kg AS/ Ton; 67.5 g/lamb/day) and AS4 (TMR +90 kg AS/Ton; 135 g/lamb/day). The growth performance was not affected by the supplementation of AS. The addition of AS improved the rumen color and maintained the rumen pH of the lambs. The fecal H2S gas significantly (P<0.05) higher in AS4 group compared to the TMR....

Lukman Affandhy*, Muchamad Luthfi*, Yeni Widyaningrum, Dian Ratnawati, Mutia Primananda 

...OC bulls with three GnRH treatments, A (one dose/5ml/animal), B (half-dose/2.5ml/animal), and C without GnRH. The GnRH was administered once by intramuscular (IM) injection. Semen collection was carried out for 16 weeks; divided into two periods, namely 8 and 16 weeks after GnRH administration. Parameters that were measured include volume, acidity, color, consistency, mass motility, individual motility, spermatozoa concentration, viability, and libido. Data we...

Desy Cahya Widianingrum1*, Himmatul Khasanah1, Melinda Erdya Krismaputri1, Susan Barbara Patricia Sembiring Meliala2 

...and 5% VCO. The group of treatments were wafer supplemented with VCO (P0); wafer supplemented with VCO saponification (P1); wafer supplemented with VCO protected by formaldehyde (P2); wafer without VCO (P3); and wafer supplemented with VCO mixed on indigofera (P4). Each treatments were using six replications and tested for their physical quality, rancidity, and rumen fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility. T...

Muhammad Riaz Gondal1,2*, Sobia Ijaz1, Nauman Ali1, Muhammad Saeed Ashraf1, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Muhammad Arshad3, Muhammad Arif1, Jamil Akhtar4, Naeem Iqbal1 and Bushra Zulfiqar5

...e net return. Experiment treatments comprised of seven seed rates viz., 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5 and 25 kg ha-1. Sowing was completed up to 7th October in each year of study using seed of new cultivar Punjab Berseem. All forage contributing characters were recorded at each cut of fodder and grain tonnage at harvesting were evaluated and documented. Data of agronomic characteristics and economic returns from all planting densities revealed significant diffe...

Sajid Hanif1, Abdul Shakoor1,4*, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem1, Ifra Saleem2, Sajid Ali3, Muhammad Awais Ashraf4, Majid Nadeem4, Hira Shair4, Anwar ul Haq5, Rana Abdul Hamid Khan6 and Muhammad Amir Amin7

...s imposition) and stress treatments viz., drought; heat and combination of drought + heat stress effects were imposed at anthesis. Three different levels of foliar-applied proline included water spray, 10, 20 and 30-mM concentrations. Combined heat and drought stress increased unfertile tillers, unfilled grains and abortive, chalky and opaque kernels, along with declines in chlorophyll and relative leaf water contents (14% over control) the most than individua...

Muhammad Mansoor1, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil2*, Zafar Islam2, Muhammad Asif2, Ghani Akbar2, Muhammad Ashraf Khan3 and Ibadullah Jan4

...ation of bunches bagging treatments on fruiting traits was conducted. It was concluded that bunches covered with blue paper bags obtained highest score among all the traits and is recommended to achieve best results under current climate change scenario. Generally, fruit covering shields the fruit from adverse effects of monsoon rains, birds, pests and dust.

...

Misbah ud Din1, Shah Alam Khan1, Said Hussain Shah1,2* and Najeeb Ullah3

...it Plot Design with four treatments and three replications. The results showed that Thiamethoxam, Fipronil and Neem oil were effective against mustard aphids. After the first spray, the minimum mean numbers of aphids were recorded (8.49) on a variety of China in a plot treated with Thiamethoxam. In contrast, the maximum mean number of aphids was observed (28.80) in the control plot. In the case of cultivar, Swabi the highest mean numbers of aphids were noted (...

Misbah ud Din1, Shah Alam Khan1, Said Hussain Shah1,2* and Najeeb Ullah3

...it Plot Design with four treatments and three replications. The results showed that Thiamethoxam, Fipronil and Neem oil were effective against mustard aphids. After the first spray, the minimum mean numbers of aphids were recorded (8.49) on a variety of China in a plot treated with Thiamethoxam. In contrast, the maximum mean number of aphids was observed (28.80) in the control plot. In the case of cultivar, Swabi the highest mean numbers of aphids were noted (...

Farah Rasheed1*, Ana Aslam1, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Raheela Naz1, Hina Nazir3, Sadia Sultana1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Ifra Saleem1, Qudsia Nazir1, Muhammad Arfan-ul-Haq1, Abid Niaz4, Muhammad Arif1, Aamer Sattar1, Sarfraz Hussain5 and Adnan Rafique6

...within safe limit in all treatments but lower grain phytic acid have been observed where only recommended dose of NPK fertilizers were used.

...

Husmaini1*, Sabrina1, Firda Arlina1, Linda Suhartati1, Yozella Martilova2 

... design (CRD) with seven treatments and three replications. The observed variables were ration consumption, ration conversion, egg mass production, hen day production (HDP), egg weight, shell thickness, and egg cholesterol. The results showed that supplementation of probiotics Lactococcus plantarum and Pediococcus pentasaceus using a purple sweet potato carrier at a dose of 2 grams could affect daily egg production, egg mass and reduce the value of ration con...

Nuraini Nuraini*, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Ade Djulardi, Robi Amizar, Yesi Chwenta Sari

...ed design (CRD) with six treatments and three replications. The treatment variations consist of commercial ration (CR) and tofu dregs (TD) were treatment P1 (100% CR), P2 (80% CR + 20% TD), P3 (60% CR+ 40% TD), P4 (40% CR + 20% TD), P5 (20% CR + 80% TD) and P6 (100% TD). The observed variables were fresh weight, crude protein, and crude fat of Tmc. The Phase 2 application to laying quails is the utilization of Tenebrio molitor caterpillars in the diet. This st...

Tertia Delia Nova1*, Yulia Yelita2, Rizky Machicula1

...ls, and basophils. Three treatments of 5%, 10%, and 15% levels of kiambang flour in feed were ready. The variables measured were also ration consumption, weight gain and conversion as well as carcass, and abdominal fat during growth. The experimental results showed that the average feed consumption ranged from 4034.89 to 4207.40 g/head, weight gain was 710.22–889.84 g/head, and conversion was 4.8–5.9. The highest carotid weight was 0.09 m2/head wit...

Sri Suharyati, Siswanto, Madi Hartono, Kusuma Adhianto* 

...zed design (CRD) using 4 treatments, control (P0), administration of vitamin E 50 IU (P1), administration of L-carnitine 50 mg (P2), and administration of a combination of vitamins E 50 IU and L-carnitine 50 mg (P3). The data from the research on sperm consistency and mass motility were analyzed descriptively. In contrast, the volume, individual motility, concentration, and percentage of live sperm were analyzed using analysis of variance ANOVA. The results s...

Nagina Zeb* and Noor ul Amin

...s, cutting types and IBA treatments and their interactions significantly affected all the growing and rooting parameters. Cuttings planted on July 16 revealed minimum days to sprouting (12.52), more number of sprouts (5.79), high sprout length (44.80 cm), more number of leaves (123), more number of roots (4.73), and plant survival percentage (61.78 %) as compared to the cuttings planted on August, 30 in both the years. Regarding cutting types, semi hard wood c...

Muhammad Waseem Akhtar1*, Khalid Mahmood Khawar2, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar3, Muhammad Rafique1, Khalid Hussain4, Sharmin Ashraf1 and Muhammad Fida Hassan1

...re. Means of significant treatments will be examined at = 5% using the HSD-Tuckey test.

...

Muhammad Halim Natsir*, Osfar Sjofjan, Yuli Frita Nuningtyas, Danung Nur Adli, Lizar Basnelda, Dimas Frisky Apriyanto, Wahyu Tri Utami 

... nested Anova with eight treatments and four replication was employed, with each experimental unit consisting of eight Lohmann broiler chickens. The treatments consisted of B1T0 = basal diet, B1T1 = basal diet + 0.4% avocado seed flour, B1T2 = basal diet + 0.8% avocado seed flour, B1T3 = basal diet + 1.2% avocado seed flour, B2T0 = basal diet, B2T1 = basal diet + 0.4% avocado seed flour enhanced with nanotechnology, B2T2 = b...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi

...uce and carrot plants as treatments. Results showed that lettuce and carrot plants grown in pots amended with the highest quantity of plant materials (800g) had commendatory vegetative growth all through the study weeks as against the plants treated with organic solvent extracts and the untreated control plants. Vegetative parameters differ significantly (p<0.05) with increasing quantity of treatment materials applied. Fruit and head weights in carrots and ...

Riaz Hussain1*, Adnan Ihsan2, Azaz Ali Shah2, Najeeb Ullah2, Hamza Iftikhar3 and Ranra Jalal4

...CBD) was followed with 9 treatments and a control each replicated thrice. Treatments including the extracts of garlic bulb (Allium sativum) @ 2%, tobacco dry leaves (Nicotiana tabacum) @ 2%, red chili (Capsicum spp.) @ 5% and Chinaberry dry fruits (Melia azedarach) @ 10% concentrations were used singly and tobacco dry leaves (N. tabacum) + Chinaberry dry fruits (M. azedarach) @ 1% + 5%, garlicbulb (A. sativum) + Red chili(Ca...

Sajjad Khan, Fahad Karim Awan*, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani, Muhammad Usama Hameed, Allah Bakhsh and Kainat Bibi

... was applied. Where both treatments were applied in combinations to measure the drought and salinity tolerance at initial seeding stages of both oat cultivars, no significant effect was observed on germination %, shoot and root length of both oat cultivars, however PARC, oat performs better at 10 % and 20 % drought stress with salinity level of 80 mmolLˉ¹. However, both cultivars showed significantly stunted performance at 10 % and 20 % drought stress wi...

Dede Kardaya*, Ayu Ratnasari, Dewi Wahyuni 

...omized design with three treatments, and 50 replicates. The treatments consisted of 50% rice bran and 50% aking (leftover rice) diets (R1), 0% GALM in the fermented nonconventional diets (R2), and 6% GALM in the fermented nonconventional diets (R3). The parameters were slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, and commercial percentage (wings, breasts, thighs, and back). The R1 diet produced a higher (p<0.05) ...

Habib Ullah Habib1, Malik Muhammad Akram2, Mujahid Ali1*, Tahir Mehmood3, Muhammad Manzoor4, Maqsood Ahmad3, Hasseb Ahsan1, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal3, Malik Abdul Rehman5, Muhammad Mohsan1 and Ahsan Mohyo ud Din6 

...formed better than other treatments under consideration.

...

Hossam Mahrous Ebeid1, Ahmed Abdelkader Aboamer1*, Amgad Ahmed Abu Elella2, Ibrahim Mohamed Khattab3, Osama Hefny Matloup1, Fatma Ibrahim Hadhoud1  

...assigned to one of three treatments for 6 weeks to study DMSC’s effect on blood metabolites and quality and quantity of the produced milk. Treatment groups were provided either a control diet or control diet with 40 g/head/day (DMSC40) or 80 g/head/day (DMSC80) of DMSC. DMSC was high in protein (39.6% CP on DM) and low in fibre. DMSC DM was thought to be highly digestible due to its high ruminally degradable fraction (76.1%). Increasing supplementation a...

Abdul Latif1, Shahid Sattar1, Fazal Maula2, Imtiaz Khan4*, Asim Iqbal3 and Said Hussain Shah1*

...plications. Influence of treatments on mean percent infestation of V. isocrates revealed that lamda-cyhalothrin resulted in lowest mean infestation (3.74±0.36) followed by bifenthrin (3.95±0.32), indoaxarb (4.35±0.28), cypermethrin (4.55±0.28), A. indica (8.00±0.50), P. hydropiper (7.56± 0.27) and E. globulus (7.04±0.70). The maximum mean percent infestation (15.57 ±1.24) was recorded from control trees. ...

Pharaoh C. Sianangama1*, Brian Tembo2, Sylvia J. Harrison1, Rubaijaniza Abigaba1,3 

...he mean values for other treatments did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The mean shoot lengths of seeds in AIC differed significantly (P<0.05) between days after insemination; no level of significance (P>0.05) was observed for other treatment groups. The association between treatment factor and seed germination on day 15 and 35 was 0.149 and 0.993, respectively; and was 0.166 and 0.876 on 15 and 35, respectively, with shoot lengths. In conclusion, ...

Ahmad Nadeem1,2 and Rubina Arshad1,2,*

...ith LAB isolates in four treatments comprising of T1 (wild type LPA6), T2 (mutant MLPA6), T3 (wild type LPA6 + mutant MLPA6 consortium) and T4 (un-inoculated control). Inoculated and uninoculated seeds were sown in net house in three replicates. In kabuli variety, maximum increase in plant height (16.7%), root length (5.9%), number of secondary branches (19%), pod number (63.2%) and seed number per plant (75%) was observed in MLPA6 mutant inoculated plants as ...
Azra Kalhoro1, Abdul Aziz Mirani2, Fozia Khan Siyal1, Tahira Jatt2*, Abdul Razak Mahar1, Sadia Iram3 and Muhammad Abbas Bhutto4
...rea of the Karachi. Four treatments were designed, the fresh water (FW) was used as the control (T0), whereas T1, T2 T3 and T4 contained 25, 50, 75 and 100% of SW respectively. The samples analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer using flame atomic absorption techniques revealed that among the five treatments, accumulation of the six metals was found higher with 100% SW, which was decreased with decrease in SW co...

Nuraini Nuraini*, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Ade Djulardi, Robi Amizar, Yesi Chwenta Sari 

...al design (CRD) with six treatments and three replications. The treatment variations were treatments A (100% Concentrate), B (100% Chicken Manure), C (50% Concentrate + 50% Rice Bran), D (50% Concentrate + 50% Chicken Manure), E (50% Concentrate + 50% Tofu Dregs) and F (50% Concentrate + 50% Coconut Dregs). The variables observed were crude protein content (%), fat content (%), and larval production (g). The research method ...

Sekobane Daniel Kolobe, Tlou Grace Manyelo*, Jones Wilfred Ng’ambi, Munyadziwa Felicia Dorcus Nemauluma, Emmanuel Malematja  

...ement in a CRD, having 8 treatments, replicated x4 with 10 chicks/replicate. AKLM inclusion levels were at 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5g/kg dry matter (DM). Weekly feed intake (FI), live weight (LW), and growth rate (GR) were measured to obtain the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Gut characteristics were measured on days 21st and 42nd of age. Data were analysed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedures of the Statistical Analysis System. FI, FCR, GR, and LW of both...

Bnar Shahab Hamad1, Bushra Hussain Shnawa1*, Rafal Abdulrazaq Alrawi2 

...d to the design of novel treatments.

Keywords | Cystic echinococcosis, BALB/c, Liver, Immunohistochemistry, Apoptosis 

...

Ekechukwu Esther1, Ohanu Chinenye1, Ossai Nelson1*, Elijah Okwuonu1, Hinmikaiye Funmilayo1, Ngene Innocent1, Andong Felix1, Ikegbunam Clara2, Echude Daniel1, Ekeh Felicia1 and Odo Gregory1

...ceived different dietary treatments (P>0.5). The activities of small intestine trypsin of rats fed on diet 20% were higher than those of other diets, (p<0.05). The rats fed on 50% diet had the highest relative weight of stomach while the ones fed on 0% diet had also the highest relative weight of small intestinal contents and caecum. Inclusion of C. cajan also increased (P< 0.05) the relative weights of kidney, liver and carcass cut parts. This study ...

Rani Winardi Wulan Sari1, Novirman Jamarun2*, Suyitman3, Khasrad4, Elihasridas2, James Hellyward5, Gusri Yanti1 

...k design consisting of 4 treatments with 5 replications. The treatment was P1=60% Hay Mangrove Leaves (HML)+40% Native Grass (NG), P2=50% HML+50% NG, P3=40% HML+60% NG, and P4=30% HML+ 70% NG. Data were analyzed using General Linear Model and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test to reveal the significant differences between different treatments applied. The result showed that different ratios between HML and NG contributed sig...

Jeki Mediantari Wahyu Wibawanti1,3, Sri Mulyani2*, Rudy Hartanto1, Ahmad Ni’matullah Al-Baarri2, Yoyok Budi Pramono2, Anang Mohamad Legowo2 

...d Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications, with differences in the addition of synbiotics inulin from extracted mangrove apple and Lactobacillus plantarum. Yogurts with no synbiotic were used as a control, while yogurts with synbiotics of 2, 4, 6, and 8% (v/v) were used in another treatment.The results of goat milk yogurt showed that the addition of various levels of synbiotic had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the total LAB, pH value, vis...

Tlou Grace Manyelo1,2, Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola1, Jones Wilfred Ng’ambi2, Monnye Mabelebele1* 

...ndomly allocated to five treatments in a completely randomized design each with four replicates of ten chicks. Amaranth leaf meal (ALM) levels evaluated in this study were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% with recording weekly body weights, feed intakes, and feed conversion ratios. Gut organ weights, lengths, pH, and meat characteristics were determined, and the general linear model was used to analyze the collected data. ALM supplementation levels did not affect feed in...

Widiastuti Ardiansyah1,3, Osfar Sjofjan2*, Eko Widodo2, Suyadi Suyadi2, Danung Nur Adli2 

...ndomized design with six treatments and four replications with eight Mojosari laying ducks in each experimental unit. An extraction and maceration were employed during the early screening of the bioactive compound of turmeric. The treatments consisted of T0 = basal diet, T1 = basal diet + 0.2% turmeric, T2 = basal diet + 0.8% turmeric, T3 = basal diet + 0.2% turmeric + 0.1% probiotics, T4 = basal diet + turmeric 0.8% + 0.6% ...

Noha M. Abd El-Azeem*, Hemat A. Abdel Magied, Mervat N. Ghazal, Nehad A. Ramadan, Enayat H. Abo El-Azayem, Y. S. Hussein, Heba H. Habib 

...ix treatment groups. The treatments were fed basal diet as control (G1), basal diet plus 0.3 % turmeric (G2), 0.05 % MOS® (G3), 0.015 % Biostrong® 510 (G4), 0.05 % MOS +0.3 % turmeric (G5) and 0.05% MOS +0.015 % Biostrong (G6), respectively. Rabbits fed with turmeric, MOS and Biostrong recorded a significant (P≤0.05) increase in doe weight at mating, prepartum, partum and weaning period, and the rate of feed intake increased in the treated groups, e...

Faiq Ahmad1, Shahen Shah1*, Muhammad Amin2, Ikram Ullah3, Sajid Ali4, Maaz Khan1, Muhammad Shakur5 and Sajjad Khan6

...) as compared to rest of treatments, while delayed heading (114.8 days), anthesis (124.7 days) and physiological maturity (158.9 days) were recorded with application of 120 kg N ha-1 applied as 50% from FYM and 50% from PM with beneficial microbes as compared to remaining treatments. Among the nitrogen sources application timing, delayed emergence (15.5 days) was recorded when nitrogen organic sources applied one day before ...

Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar1, Farah Umar2, Naeem Akhtar3 and Muhammad Jan4

...re evaluated under seven treatments in controlled greenhouse environment and tested for different rooting parameters. The results obtained showed significant effect on rooting ability of the cuttings. The appealing results obtained at T6 (IBA+UP+PB) where maximum rooting 56.8% with average number of roots per cutting 4.4 and root length 4.3 cm was observed. This treatment also showed higher callusing 80.5%, sprouting 83.3% and survival rate 51.1% as compared t...

Andy1,4*, Ratmawati Malaka2, Sri Purwanti3, Hikmah M Ali2, Tutik Lusyta Aulyani4, Danung Nur Adli5 

... linear models with five treatments and four replications was employed. The treatments consisted of T0 = control, T1 = basal diet + acidal, T2 = basal diet + 0.5% encapsulation of liquid smoke, T3 = basal diet + 1.0% encapsulation of liquid smoke, T4 = basal diet + 1.5% encapsulation of liquid smoke. Results were analysed using general linear model using SAS Demand on Academics, least significant differences were applied if ...

Sugiharto Sugiharto*, Ikania Agusetyaningsih, Endang Widiastuti, Hanny Indrat Wahyuni, Turrini Yudiarti, Tri Agus Sartono 

...ignificant effect of the treatments on complete blood counts and serum biochemical parameters, serum creatinine concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in HSD and HSD-P than in CONT and HSD-PC. In conclusion, germinated papaya seeds or a mixture of germinated papaya seeds and chitosan improved broiler production performance and kidney health while alleviating muscle protein catabolism in high-density pens from days 15 to 28.

Keywords | Broiler, Chitosan...

Muhammad Bilal Munawar1, Saima Naveed1, Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani1, Jibran Hussain2, Shahzad Munir3, Ayesha Ahmed3, Mubbashir Hussain4, Ahmad Kamran Khan5, Abdullah Jalal6 and Irfan Ahmed7*

...andomly allocated into 6 treatments dietary treatments were: B positive control (PC) diet (0.42% available phosphorus in grower feed, A negative control (NC) diet with (0.30% avail. P in starter and 0.26% avail. phosphorus in grower) while four diets C, D supplemented with NC+ (500 and 750 powder phytase units (FTU)/kg) and G, H supplemented with NC+ (500 and 750 liquid phytase units (FTU)/kg) respectively. Pelleting tempera...

Reda Hassan*, Bahaa Abou-shehema, Sherif Zayed, Micheal Gorgy, Shama Morsy, El-Sayed Abu El-Hassan, Mahmoud El-Gbaly, Hanaa Basuony, Ebtehal Hassan 

...bitrarily assigned for 8 treatments of 5 replicates (each contained 20 chicks). On the other hand, chickens were offered the basal dietas Negative Control (NC, group 1); the other three groups 2, 3, and 4 were fed NC supplemented with 0.5% HSCAS, SC and HSCAS plus SC respectively, group 5 chicks were fed a basal diet contaminated with 1ppm AFB1 as Positive Control (PC), the other three groups 6, 7 and 8 were fed PC supplemented with 0.5% HSCAS, SC, and HSCAS p...

Ibrahim El-Ratel1*, Mostafa El-Moghazy2, Amira El-Gaml2, Ibrahim Abu El-Naser2 

...) were divided into four treatments (10/treatment). The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th treatments were orally administrated with 2 ml distilled water with 0,100, 200 and 300 mg of PEE/buck, respectively, for 40 days, as a treatment period, and then semen was collected twice/week for 12 weeks. Results revealed that all PEE levels decreased libido and abnormality of spermatozoa, while increased semen size and percentages of motility, ...

Antonius1,3, Anuraga Jayanegara2*, Komang Gede Wiryawan2, Simon Petrus Ginting3, Anjas Asmara Samsudin4, Elizabeth Wina5 

...domly into three dietary treatments (six replicates each), specifically: T0 (basal diet without gambir supplementation), T1 (basal diet + 2 g/kg DM gambir extract), and T2 (basal diet + 4 g/kg DM gambir extract). Results revealed that addition of gambir extract did not alter the consumption of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber and crude fat. The T1 and T2 treatments resulted higher (P<0.05) average da...

Pham Tan Nha*, Le Thu Thuy  

...re in the treatment. All treatments were added 4% (DM) of fermented feed to the basal diet. The trial lasted 9 weeks with Noi chickens from 6 to 14 weeks of age. The results showed when adding yeast feed at 4% (DM) to the diet of Noi chickens, there is an increase the weight and decrease in FCR of Noi chickens. Especially the PM treatments had the best results. At crude protein level, the CP20 treat...

Noor-us-Sabah1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Tayyab Boota1, Muhammad Luqman2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Amir Aziz1 and Ameer Hamza1 

...ke press mud (FCP). Five treatments were applied with four replications including T1 as control, T2 as inorganic fertilizers in recommended dose NPK (150: 100: 110 kg ha-1), T3 as FYM (10 t ha-1) in addition to chemical NPK application, T4 as poultry manure (10 t ha-1) also named as compost-I in addition to chemical NPK application and T5 as press mud or compost II (10 t ha-1) in addition to recommended chemical NPK application. The results had demonstrated th...

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1*, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Ali Zachi Abdulqader Alhilfi2, Sohail Ahmed Otho1, Qurban Ali3, Din Muhammad Soomro1 and Zubair Ahmed Soomro1

...0%) as compared to other treatments followed by A. indica (45.35%). Besides, E. sativa oil did not allow the pest to breed freely thus few numbers of adults C. maculatus (71.67±14.92) on chickpea seeds with minimum seed damage (punctured seeds 75.44 ±9.67; seed weight loss 3.18±1.37) was conclusively observed for three months. The results regarding the effect of botanical oils against C. maculatus and on seed characteristics showed that E....

Md. Aminul Islam1*, SM Mostafizur Rahaman Sumon1, ANM Aminoor Rahman2, Fahima Khatun3 

... helminths, anthelmintic treatments were given to dairy cows in five different farms of Gazipur, Bangladesh and the helminth parasitic loads of dairy cows were determined before and after treatment by Modified Stoll’s Dilution Technique using a McMaster counting chamber. A total of 85 faecal samples from five different dairy farms were examined. The overall infection rate of helminths in dairy cows is 37.65%. A total of five different types of nematodes ...

M. Mansoor Javed*, M. Aslam Mirza, M. Aziz ur Rehman and M. Saif ur Rahman

...>0.05) across dietary treatments. Similar trend was observed for digestibility of ether extract (P>0.05). Nitrogen retention was higher (P<0.05) in the birds fed on diets having FFSB processed at 90°C for 45 min. Pancreatic hypertrophy was observed histologically in birds having feed formulations with FFSB processed at lowest temperature for shortest time duration. It was inferred that toasting FFSB at various temperatures could affect growth perf...

Jinzhao He1, Pengfei Feng2, Junqi Qin2, Yun Teng1, Xu Luo2*, Zigui Chen1*, Huawei Ma2* and Dayan Zhou1

...of different temperature treatments on body color and survival of Guam red tilapia, pearl white red tilapia and Florida red tilapia were compared. Besides, comparative transcriptome analysis was used to screen the candidate genes linked to the skin color differentiation of pearl white red tilapia. Among them, the body color of Guam red tilapia changed when the water temperature dropped to 16-14°C, and continued to drop to about 11°C, it was discolored ...
Amber Iqbal1, Mahroze Fatima2, Syed Z. H. Shah3,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Moazama Batool4, Muhammad Bilal5, Naheed Bano6, Ayesha Khizar2 and Sumbal Iqbal7
...od (P < 0.05) for all treatments. Fatty acid profile indicated that n-3, n-6 fatty acids and the ratios of ARA/EPA and n-3/n-6 were increased by increasing vitamin E supplementation and decreased with an increase in the storage period. Conclusively, the dietary vitamin E reduced lipid peroxidation and improved the fillet quality of stored fish.

...

Zaheer Ahmed Lashari1, Muhammad Saleem Sarki1, Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1, Muhammad Sachal Khokhar1 and Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio2*

...on (Allium cepa L.). The treatments were: T1=Control (No NPK and/or Compost), T2=Recommended NPK (120-60-60 kg ha-1), T3=Compost 1 (15 tons ha-1), T4=Compost 2 (15 tons ha-1), T5 Compost 3 (15 tons ha-1), T6=Compost 1 (10 tons ha-1) +1/2 NPK, T7=Compost 2 (10 tons ha-1) +1/2 NPK, and T8 Compost 3 (10 tons ha-1)+1/2 NPK. Results showed that in various composts, the ranges of different parameters were EC: 2.50 to 3.34 dS m-1, pH: 7.9 to 8.4, total C: 13.34 to 32...
Serkan Özkaya1*, Oktay Özkan2, Sabri Erbas3, Isa Gökhan Yalçın4, Dariusz Piwczynski5 and Wojciech Neja5 
...ed to the following four treatments: Control, 40, 60 and 80 ml OW supplemented whole milk (WM) per day. The applied 60 and 80 ml OW tended to improve the antioxidative stress mechanism of calves while supporting their growth (e.g., total and daily weight gain, body measurements). The findings of the present study showed that Oreganum onites L. aromatic water, a by-product, can be used safely in alleviating the problems such as oxidative stress that may occur i...

Edhy Sudjarwo, Muharlien Muharlien, Osfar Sjofjan, Danung Nur Adli, Dyah Lestari Yulianti* 

... design (CRD) with three treatments and twelve replications. The parameters observed was growth performance, microclimate, and health. The cage location consisted Z1: near inlet; Z2: middle of housing; Z3; near outlet. Result were analyses general linear model (GLM) and if there is a significant effect (p < 0.05) continued with Duncan multiple ranged tests. The effect of cage locations was presented significant differences (p < 0.05) on the average daily...

Ghazala Nasreen1, Ali Hussain2, Komal Tayyab1, Muhammad Rashid3 and Sumaira Aslam1*

...ls) under different diet treatments for a period of 50 days. The diet treatments devised in this study were, T1 (bioflocs only with zero water exchange), T2 (bioflocs only with 10 % weekly water exchange), T3 (bioflocs + 50 % commercial diet and with zero water exchange) and T4 (bioflocs + 50 % commercial diet and with 10 % weekly water exchange). A control experiment C (commercial diet with daily water exchange) was run par...

Nourhan M.M. Hassnin, Ali H.H. Ali and Hosny H. Kesba*

...tly in nematode infected treatments compared to the check. Root exudates of Aswan F1/6001 F1 (HR) and Aswan F1/BS F1 (MS) cultivars were analyzed by GC/MS/MS and revealed that the most abundant components in the root exudates were fatty acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, alcohols, and esters with different concentrations. Terpenoids were the major compounds in root exudates of HR cultivar and fatty acids in MS ones. Such phytochemicals’ high ratios were propo...

Manzoor Ali Magsi1*, Naimatullah Laghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, and Habibullah Magsi2

... (Deep + FM and Compost) treatments were found during the cropping year 2019-20 and 2020-21 experiments. Based on experimental results under wheat crop, application of reduced tillage treatment is recommended that would increase the greater marginal rate of return as compared to conventional and no-tillage treatments. Comparable investigations need to be carried out in other ecological zones of Pakistan on different types of...
Huma Abbas1*, Nazir Javed1, Muhammad Kamran2, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Abdul Jabbar1, Akhtar Hameed1, Hira Abbas3, Azhar Iqbal2 and Ehetisham-ul-Haq2
...elopment stages. All the treatments significantly reduced invasion and subsequent development of M. incognita in roots. Different application methods regarding protective and curative were used to test the efficacy of Cartap, Virtako, Cure and Azadirachtin. Results revealed that Protective application of bio and synthetic chemicals was more effective at nematode suppression rather than being curative. Then the impact of bio and synthetic chemicals were tested ...
Shakeel Ahmed Wagan1, Akeel Ahmed Memon1, Qudratullah Kalwar2*, Asmatullah kaka1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan2, Hidayatulah Soomro2, Safia Kadhro3, Abdullah Sethar4 and Muhammad Jehangeer5
...lity as matched to other treatments and control group.

...

Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi1, Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1*, Entesar H. Taha2, Mona M.S. Zayed3 and Nora R.A. Saleh1

...luenced by the different treatments. When comparing on the basis of average percentages potential of peroxidase activity, the highest potential (2.446%) was recorded, when P. fluorescens was added, 3 days after nematode inoculation than the other treatments. Bacterium and nematode applied at the same time were the first in increasing polyphenol activity (3.907%) than the other groups, but there were no significant difference...

S. F. A. Awad-Allah 1 and M. S. Khalil 2

...d that all of the tested treatments greatly suppressed (P ≤ 0.05) the numbers of galls, egg-masses and nematode final populations. The most potent materials in reducing the numbers of M. incognita in banana soil, in a descending order, were: fenamiphos, Nemaless®, vermicompost and vermicompost tea (VCT).

...
W. M. A. El-Nagdi1†, M. M. A.Youssef1, H. Abd-El-Khair1, M. M. M. Abd Elgawadand M. G. Dawood2
...followed by the combined treatments of Pf+Bs (88.5%) and Pf + Bs + Bp (86.3%) as compared to untreated positive and negative controls. As for cowpea vegetative growth, the highest plant growth increase (69.0%) was observed in combined treatment of Bs+Bp followed by 55.6% in single treatment of Pf and the least plant growth was obtained in combined treatment of Pf + Bs + Bp (54.8%). The highest percentage of yield increase (70.2%) was recorded in Bs+Bp treatmen...

Siti Dharmawati1, Muhammad Halim Natsir2, Hartutik Hartutik2, Danung Nur Adli2, Osfar Sjofjan2*  

...domized design with five treatments and six replications for each one, consisting of seven ducks. The treatment diet was formulated as follows: T0 basal diet + 100% fish meal (10% in diet) (10:0), T1 : basal diet + 75% fish meal (7.5% in diet)+ 25% FSFIBE(2.5% in diet) (7.5:2.5), T2 : basal diet + 50% fish meal (5% in diet)+ 50% FSFIBE(5% in diet) (5:5), T3 : basal diet + 25 % fish meal (2.5% in diet)+ 75% freshwater snail flesh incubated bromelain enzyme (7...

A. Beyan1, A. Seid†2 and H. Shifa1

...ngle pathogen inoculated treatments. Among the three tomato genotypes evaluated, Assila was found to be moderately resistant as measured by the lower number of root galls and egg-masses per plant compared to the susceptible Marmande genotype. Hence, further study is required to evaluate the performance of Assila genotype in hot spot areas of Meloidogyne species and Fusarium species infested farmer’s field conditions.

...

Hira Anwar1, Muhammad Jabran1,3, Anam Moosa2, Usman Arshad2, Abdul Haseeb1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Burhan4, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed5 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*

....6) as compared to other treatments. However, the combined treatment of Bacillus sp. MN54 + Enterobacter sp. MN17 + B. phytofirmans PsJN has successfully reduced the number of galls (10.5), number of females (23.2), egg masses (19.5), egg mass index (4.1), and galling index (2.1) against the RKNs. Conclusively, the combined application of all the bacterial strains was more effective in causing the suppression of RKNs and promotion of plant growth. This study i...

Urooj Shakoor* and Syed Attaullah Shah

...for vide range of health treatments and its validity in private hospitals may be authorized.

...

M. S. Bajestani1, K. Dolatabadi2†, E. Mahdikhani-Moghadam1

...dition. Although all the treatments
reduced root infections rate and significantly effect on root weight (P ≤ 0.05). It was observed that when the
nematode inoculum increased, reproduction factor also increased while extract treatments effect decreased. In
between treatments, rosemary extract has the greatest impact on the reduction of nematode popula...

A. S. A. Saad1, M. A. Radwan2†, H. A. Mesbah1, H. S. Ibrahim3 and M. S. Khalil3

...ristics. All nematicidal treatments reduced the incidence of root-knot nematodes when compared
with the untreated check. However, fenamiphos and oxamyl were proved to be the highest chemical compostions
that decreased galls by 91.73 and 89.53% and egg-masses by 90.80 and 88.65%, respectively. Whereas, avermactin
has relatively least effective causing 66.69% and 66.31% reduction in gall formation ...

M. A. Radwan†, M. M. Abu-Elamayem, S. A. A. Farrag and N. S. Ahmed

...lied as soil drench. All treatments enhanced shoot and root length of tomato
as well as shoot weight compared with the untreated check. Only SA and DNSA significantly increased the root
weights. DNSA enhanced the growth indices of tomato plant when used as foliar spray more than soil drenching and
opposite trend was observed for OA. These chemical activators have potential to suppress M. incognita infection
throu...

D. A. Darban†, S. R. Gowen and B. Pembroke

...was observed between the treatments as compared to
control treatments of both crop cycles. The bioassay revealed a significant decrease in the total number of second
stage juveniles from 50 g of the soil samples from second crop than the first crop soil samples. Three weeks duration
allowed more endospores as compared to one week and two weeks treatment.
...

D. A. Darban1†, S. R. Gowen1, B. Pembroke1 and F. Hussain2

... in any of the Pasteuria treatments after the
harvest of the first crop. There was a highly significant difference in endospore production in root systems of the one
female and ten females treatments and increased exponentially with the number of females over all the crop cycles.
Infected females (%) increased and found significantly higher in the ten females treatment. The soil bioassay a...
M. M. A. Youssef† and W. M. A. El-Nagdi
...influenced by the tested treatments made to sugar beet i.e. cutting or uprooting (removal)
and time of harvest. In general, the nematode parameters as indicated by the numbers of galls, egg-masses and
hatched juveniles on roots of dry bean and number of juveniles in soil were higher on dry bean plants replacing
cutting sugar beet than those on dry bean plants replacing uprooted sugar beet within the most periods. In contrast...

I. K. A. Ibrahim1, M. A. EL-Saedy2, S. F. A. Awd-Allah3 and Z. A. Handoo4,

M. M. A. Youssef1†, Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi1, and Mona G. Dawood2

...creased at the different treatments compared to those of the untreated check and the
effect, in general, was higher by using the highest rate compared to the lowest one. On the other hand, the contents
of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in leaf increased at untreated check compared to those at different
treatments.
...

I. Kepenekci1†, S. Toksöz2, T. Atay1 and I. Saruhan2

...s higher in all nematode treatments than
the control. Turkish EPN isolate S. carpocapsae (Black sea) and Kyrgyz EPN isolate S. feltiae (KG3) species
showed the highest mortality (98.66%).
...

Fawzia, I. Moursy1, Amira, Sh.Soliman1, A. E.M. Khalil2,Samaa, M. Shawky2 and A. A. Taher2

...v>
4ºC. Seven treatments Paecilomyces lilacinus, Arthrobotrys oligospora, Glomus faciculatum, Eucalyptus globules,
Tagetes erecta, Allium sativum and Fenamiphos (10%G) were evaluated to control M. incognita. All the
treatments decreased the nematode population of M. incognita in soil and on roots compared with check. Data
indicated percent increase of fresh weight of the whole p...

I.K.A. Ibrahim1 and Z. A. Handoo2

... All the applied control treatments were effective in reducing nematode infection on rice plants.

...

A. S. A. Saad1, M. B. Al-Kadi1, A. A. A. Deeabes2 and A. M. El-Kholy2

...ctivity differed between treatments as compared to control. Fosthiazate was found as the most toxic compound against J2 of M. incognita after 24 and 48 hour exposure time as well as inhibited the egg hatching significantly after 2, 5 and 7 days of exposure. Moreover, the juvenile mortality increased with increase in concentration of chemical compounds and the exposure time. In vivo studies data showed that all treatments red...

Muhammad Nadeem1*, Aneeta Rehman1, Masooma Munir1*, Hira Fatima2, Faiqa Malik1, Aqsa Iqbal1 and Alaiha Asif3

...the present study, three treatments (T0, T1 and T2) of date bar of approximately 36±2g weight with high nutritional value were prepared on the basis of water chestnut supplementation. For this purpose, water chestnut powder and date paste were used in different proportion. These bars were analyzed for physico-chemical, microbial and sensory analysis characteristics. The proximate analysis of date bars supplemented with water chestnut indicated that the ...

I. Jafri, A.A. Shahid, A. Ibrahim† and M. Atif

...gth as compared to other treatments.
...

A.S. Ardakani

...ato. Among the different treatments, combined application of H. indica @ 160 J3/g soil +
NSKG formulation @ 1 g/kg soil followed by H. indica @ 160 J3/g soil + NSG formulation @ 1 g/kg soil
were found high to all other treatments in suppressing the M. incognita population (267 and 289 J2/g soil)
and thus, significantly (P  0.05) less gall formation (237 and 361) respectively, as compared ...

N. Hajra, F. Shahina1, †, K. Firoza1 and R. Maria

...eenhouse conditions. Six treatments were used; viz., C = Control, T1 = VAM only,
T2 = nematodes only, T3 = VAM and nematodes simultaneously, T4 = VAM fungi one week before nematodes and
T5 = VAM fungi one week after nematodes. Damage produced by nematodes was observed in T2 and T5, vascular
tissue obliterated by root-knot nematodes. However, VAM fungi suppressed the effects of root-knot nematodes in
T4. Giant cel...

D.A. Darban†, S.R. Gowen, B. Pembroke, F. Hussain1 and R.A. Memon2

...v>
weeks and other treatments. Infected females (%) over both crop cycles were compared by the estimated coefficients
of the fitted lines and increased significantly with degradation period and significantly higher in the second crop.
The 3 week duration apparently allowed more spores to disperse which was reflected in the observations of more
infected female nematodes and reduced numbers of egg-masses and total female...

N. Hajra

... difference in different treatments. It may be concluded here that proline is an indicator of
environmental stresses imposed on plants.
...

H. Ravindra†, M. Sehgal*, A.S. Pawan, B.S. Archana, S.A. Shruti and H.B. Narasimhamurty

...ere also tested. All the treatments were significantly superior over
untreated check. Acasia compost enhanced the growth parameters with drastic reduction in root-knot index.
However, the treatment combinations of acasia compost with different bioagents performed well with highest
growth shoot, root length, root weight, yield and lowest root-knot indices. Among the integrated treatments, P...

I. Umar† and A. Mamman*

...e control than the other treatments. It is suggested that field trial be conducted to determine the level
of control before recommending to cowpea farmers.
...

A.A. Mokbel

...iv>
Meanwhile, all treatments in 2nd season with both concentrations of all Pp isolates either alone or as a mixed isolates
resulted in 65.7-94.7% reduction in all nematode parameters. Treatments with high concentration of all Pp isolates
either alone or as mixed resulted 61.4-72.2% encumbered J2 in the 1st season and increased to 93.2-97.9% in the 2nd
season. <...

A. Tülek, S.S. Ates, K. Akin, H. Surek, R. Kaya and İ. Kepenekci*†

...h four replications with treatments (naturally infected seeds, artificially
infected plots, 5000 A. besseyi m-2 and non-infected) as a main plots, cultivars (Halilbey, Gala, Tunca and Edirne)
as a sub-plots were evaluated. In nematode-contaminated plots where it was seen that decreases of yield and weight
of 1000 seeds found statistically important at the level 0.01 (P < 0.01). Compared to the...

Mengxue Sun1, Yanjiao Li1,2, Zhen Gao1, Qinghua Qiu1,2*, Xianghui Zhao1,2, Lanjiao Xu1,2, Huan Liang1,2, Ke Pan, Mingren Qu and Kehui Ouyang1,2*

...ects of different niacin treatments on low pH-induced goat rumen epithelial cells acidosis, cells were exposed to solutions with a pH of 7.4, 5.8, 5.6, 5.2, and 5.0 for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. The precise pH was adjusted using volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate). All the cell viability in low pH treatment declined more than 50% for 12 h stimulation, and cells treated with low pH for 12 h was selected to be optimal ruminal acidosis model. Cells...

Ahmad Abrar Khan1*, Ghulam Qadar1, Asif Ali Abro2 and Muhammad Awais3

...ith recommended dose and treatments must be defined by the recommendations of agriculture experts instead of fellow farmers and agrovet sellers. Trainings, workshops and field activities should be organized regarding improved farm management practices especially on the aspect of insects/pests management to minimize the yield losses. 

...

Saima Mumtaz1,3*, M. Imran Kasana1, Riaz Alam1, Noorullah Khan1, Muhammad Noman1, Sanjeela Sabahat1 and Hussain Shah2

...n hardwood cuttings. Six treatments of IBA (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000ppm) and one with control (without IBA) were applied at base of hardwood cuttings (6mmØ) of different litchi cultivars. Statistically analyzed data showed that root induction, root growth and survival of rooted cuttings was significantly influenced by IBA concentrations, litchi cultivars and their interaction at p<0.01. The interaction of 5000ppm IBA with “Gola”...

Rahim Bux Vistro1*, Mashooque Ali Talpur1, Irfan Ahmed Sheikh1, Muneer Ahmed Mangrio2, Rajish Kumar Soothar1, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali3,4, Imran Ali Dhamach4, Muhammd Urs Mirjat1 and Abdul Saboor Soomro2

...es of tractor wheel (C3) treatments for the years 2017-18 and 2018-19. In the case of clay loam (S1) soil compacted under treatment C3, the compaction was maximum with mean values of 1.23 MPa followed by treatment C2 with 1.09 MPa and C1 with compaction of 0.55 MPa during the 2017-18 Rabi crop season. While, for silty clay loam (S2) soil compacted under treatment C3, the compaction was maximum with mean values of 1.12 MPa followed by treatment C2 with 0.80 MPa...

Sri Setyaningrum*, Dini Julia Sari Siregar, Tengku Gilang Pradana  

...y randomized design. The treatments included of T0: diet + 0% CGLp (control), T1: diet + CGLp 1.0%, T2: diet + CGLp 1.5%, T3: diet + CGLp 2.0%, T4: diet + CGLp 2.5% and T5: diet + CGLp 3.0%. The treatment of CGLp was significantly increased (p <0.05) of body weight gain, live body weight, carcass percentage, meat protein content and lactic acid bacteria. The treatment decreased (p<0.05) of feed conversion ratio (FCR), meat fat content, meat cholesterol a...

Zubair Aslam1, Ali Ahmad1*, Korkmaz Bellitürk2, Hira Kanwal1, Muhammad Asif1 and Ehsan Ullah1

... The experiment had five treatments in which the mineral (NP) fertilizer, simple compost, earthworm’s excreta-based vermicompost and vermi-tea were alone and combined in different proportions as (T0: control (recommended fertilizers), T1: 100% simple compost, T2: 100% vermicompost, T3: 100% vermi-tea, T4: 33% simple compost + 33% vermicompost + 34% vermi-tea and T5: 25% simple compost + 25% vermicompost + 25% vermi-tea+ 25% chemical fertilizers) were app...
Ulvi Fitri Handayani1, Wizna2, Irfan Suliansyah3, Yose Rizal2, Maria Endo Mahata2*
... with 5 different ration treatments, consist of Ration A = 0% PT W, Ration B = 0% PTW + 0.03% simvastatin, Ration C = 6% PTW, Ration D = 12% PTW, and Ration E = 18% PTW. The administration of PTW in laying hens affected cholesterol total, LDL, and triglycerides very significant (P <0.01).   The highest cholesterol is in administration 0% PTW (119.20 Mg/dL), and the lowest is in administration 0.03% Simvastatin (101,55 Mg/dL). The triglyceride cont...
Makruf Arif1*, Claude Mona Airin1, Dwi Sunu Datrianto2, Dinda Anggun Roro Sejati3
...uted into four different treatments, lactate ringer egg yolk without honey as control (LREY0),     LREY with 0.2% honey (LREY2), LREY with 0.4% honey (LREY4), and LREY with 0.6% honey (LREY6). Semen was stored at 5°C for 48 hours. The evaluation of semen quality includes an examination of spermatozoa motility using a microscope, the viability with the eosin-negrosin staining method, and membrane integrity using the hypoosmotic swelling test ...

Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1, Muhammad Afzal1, Liu Yu Feng2, Muhammad Shahroaz Khan1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*

...oth trials, insecticidal treatments affected significantly the mean mortality or reduction of S. litura larvae recorded both at two and five days post-treatment. In laboratory bioassay, combinations of flubendiamide and A. indica, flubendiamide and N. tabacum and of spinetoram and A. indica formulations caused significantly high mortality (100%), followed by B. thuringensis and S. litura-NPV (94.92%) and A. indica and B. thuringensis (93.22%) and exhibited a s...
Lovita Adriani1*, Chitra Kumalasari1, Endang Sujana2, Ronny Lesmana3
...ndomly allocated to four treatments and five replications, with experimental Completely Randomized Design (CRD).  The treatments were, T0: probiotic powder free-control diet. T1: ration and 2 % powder probiotic, T2: ration and 3% powder probiotic, T3: ration and 4% powder probiotic. Statistically, there was no significant differences (P>0.05) in hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, leukocyte, cholesterol, and triglyc...
Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti1, Sri Rahayu3, Gatot Ciptadi2, Trinil Susilawati2*
... sperm capacitation. The treatments consisted of T1 = unsexed semen, T2 = sexed semen X-bearing sperm, and T3 = sexed semen Y-bearing sperm. A general linear model with three treatments and ten replications was performed in this research. The data were analyzed using a general linear model using SAS Demand on Academics, and the least significant differences were applied if there is significance. The result showed that semen ...

Roni Pazla1, Novirman Jamarun1*, Elihasridas1, Arief1, Gusri Yanti2, Zaitul Ikhlas2

... salt, and minerals. The treatments were as follows: T0= 35% fermented sugarcane shoots (FSS) + 5% fermented tithonia (FT) + 0% avocado waste (AW) + 60% concentrate, T1= 35% FSS + 9.5% FT + 0.5% AW + 55% concentrate, T2= 35% FSS + 14 % FT + 1% AW + 50% concentrate, T3= 35% FSS + 18.5% FT + 1.5% AW + 45% concentrate. The parameters measured included feed consumption (dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein), nutrient digestibility (dry matter, organic mat...
Fatma Salih Mohammed1*, Nasser Khedr1, Tahia Ahmed1, Liza S. Mohammed2
...s with different dietary treatments (66 birds per group). The dietary treatments were as follows: D1, control (soybean meal 46%); D2, D1 + EE-SBM (50 kg starter, 100 kg grower, and 200 kg finisher/ton); and D3, D1 + EE-SBM (100 kg starter, 150 kg grower, and 250 kg finisher/ton). The study results showed that the addition of EE-SBM to broiler diets had no significant effect on carcass traits, but pancreas weight (%) increase...

Tariq H.Y. Al-Maliky*, Mahmood S. Hashim and Amal S. Al-Sheraa

...D and the combination of treatments A, B, and C, and there were no significant differences (P<0.05) between them.

...

Ahmad-ur-Rahman Saljoqi, Sadar Iqbal and Imtiaz Khan*

...Pakistan during 2016.The treatments were arranged in RCBD with three replications and the chemical and botanical insecticides were used with ten days interval while theT. Chilonis (500 eggs/cards) were released with thirty days intervals. A single variety of brinjal (Neelam) was used in the experiment. Significantly low infestation of shoots (8.19%) and fruits (6.23%) were recorded in the plots treated with Voliam flexi followed by Neem oil and T. Chilonis wit...

Muhammad Umair1,2, Muhammad Naeem1, Asad Jamil3 and Muhammad Younas2,4*

... Results showed that all treatments improved the soil chemical properties as compared to saline-sodic control. However, maximum decrease in soil ECe (37.63%) and soil pHs (22.61%) was found with application of rice husk biochar @ 0.3% as compared with saline-sodic control. Similarly, maximum decrease in soil Na+ (59.66%) and SAR (63.65%) was also observed in rice husk biochar @ 0.3% when compared with saline-sodic control. However, soil Ca2++Mg2+ was found max...

Hasina Basharat1, Muhammad Ramzan Ali2*, Aziz Ahmed2, Rehana Kausar2 and Shamim Akhter1

...design was CRD with four treatments (2%, 4%, 6% and 8% feeding level of wet fish body weight daily) having 3 replications. The feeding the fish at higher levels showed higher final weight and weight gain, percent weight gain and specific growth rate. The values of Feed Efficiency (FE) and Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) were best at the lower feeding levels. Although maximum weight gain is 8% feeding level, yet based upon cost benefit analysis, feeding at 4% rate ...

Kainat Bibi1*, Sajjad Khan1, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani1, Fahad Karim Awan1 and Sajid Ali2 

...nure while for inorganic treatments commercial fertilizers urea and di-amonium phosphate fertilizers were applied at recommended doses. Data was recorded on various morphological, yield and quality parameters. The result revealed that organically sown wheat varieties took more days to anthesis and maturity while more tillers, biological yield, grains yield and leaf area were recorded in inorganic treatments. Quality of organ...

Yuli Retnani1*, Heri Ahmad Sukria1, Indah Wijayanti1, Didid Diapari1, Muhammad Dimas Erlangga1, M Fatahillah Ibsyah1, Taryati1, Nisa Nurmilati Barkah1,3, Novia Qomariyah2,3

... study consisted of five treatments and four groups using 20 local male sheep. The results showed that feeding local sheep with agricultural waste in the form of silage and wafers had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the dry matter, crude protein, and crude fat intake and was able to increase final body weights and feed efficiency compared to sheep fed with conventional feed. Processing of agricultural waste into silage and wafers can improve the performa...

Mutia Rizkia Shaffira, Nurhayati, Dwi Desmiyeni Putri* 

...ized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications, each replication consist of 5 broilers placed randomly in each treatment. The treatment were P0 = giving drinking water without adding red ginger and brotowali extract (control), P1 = giving 1% red ginger extract in drinking water, P2 = giving 5.12 g/kg body weight of brotowali extract in drinking water, P3 = giving the red ginger and brotowali extract in drinking water. All broilers were observed for pro...

Sepri Reski*, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli, Montesqrit, Maria Endo Mahata

...y randomized design of 5 treatments with four replications. The treatment gave Turbinaria murayana seaweed fermented products with different levels, namely 0, 5, 10.15, and 20% in the ration. Research data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and differences between treatments were tested using the Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The study’s results were that the administration of Turbinaria murayana s...

B. K. Goswami, C. Bhattacharya, R. Paul and T. A. Khan

...plants. Among the tested treatmentsTrichoderma viride

A.E. Ismail and M. M. Mohamed

...sults indicated that all treatments at their rates significantly (p≤ 0.05 and / or 0.01) reduced females, galls and egg-mass numbers as compared to un-amended plants. All rates of Ch M treatment gave best results in protecting sugar beet plants and diminishing the nematode population densities in various stages. But, SM treatment with their rates ranked statistically in the second category. However, the three levels of CM treatment achieved the third catego...

Rehman Shabbir1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Noor us-Sabah1, Mukkaram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Luqman*2, Muhammad Fahad Ullah3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Imran Shahzad1

...ed design (CRD) using 06 treatments replicated four times. Treatments included T1 = 100% CW (canal water) irrigation; T2 = 100% WW (wastewater) irrigation; T3 = CW 75% + WW 25%; T4 = CW 50% + WW 50%; T5 = CW 25% + WW 75% and T6 = Cyclic/alternate use of CW and WW. Findings of present research implied that irrigation with wastewater significantly improved the growth and nutrient acquisition of tomato plants. Highest values fo...

Esam A Razin1, Hassan Sobhy2, Tarek R. AboElnaga1, Asmaa A. Darwish1*, Rasha S. Mohammed1

...examined. Although, both treatments presented a significant improvement (P<0.05) in their parasitological and clinicopathological results, DAG suffered from lower levels of GR than BG, and its organs microscopical examination clarified severe lesions similar to TG. While, BG clinicopathological parameters and histopathological results were so close to CG. CK, CK-MB, LDH, and GR had high sensitivity and NPV values and moderated specificity, PPV, LR, and accu...

Abdul Azis*, Afriani Afriani

...etely randomized, with 5 treatments and 4 replications. As a control, chickens were fed ad libitum (FR-0); chickens were given free access to feed during two periods of 2 hours from age 7-14 days (FR-1) and age 7-21 days (FR-2); chickens were given free ac­cess to feed during two periods of 4 hours from age 7-14 days (FR-3) and age 7-21 days (FR-4). Body weight, carcass yield, breast, and tight muscle weight of broilers subjected to feed time restriction w...

Sadaf Aman1, Fouzia Tabssum2, Ali Hussain3, Shamsa Jabeen1 and Javed Iqbal Qazi1*

...remained 100% in all the treatments. Water quality parameters differed insignificantly for different treatment groups and remained in favorable range throughout the study period. All the treatments showed lower values of fat contents and higher values of crude protein. No negative change was observed in the histological parameters of the liver and intestinal tissues for the fishes fed with plant based feeds added with probio...

Rana Aamir Shehzad1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Sabir Hussain Shah2, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Imran Shehzad1 and Usman Saleem4

...e by wheat. The fourteen treatments with six replicates were arranged according to completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments of the study were T1 = Recommended N, K with no P, T2 = Recommended NPK from mineral fertilizer, T3 = T1 + all P from PROM (Phosphorus rich organic manure), T4 = T1 + all P from FYM , T5 = T1 + all P from compost, T6 = T1 + all P from press mud, T7 = T1 + half P from mineral fertilizer + half P fr...

Van-Thanh Vo1, Thi-Hieu Tran1, Thi-Truc-Thao Nguyen1, Van-Tri Truong1, Cu-Thien Pham1, Thanh-Minh Pham2 and Huyen Nguyen Thi Thuong1*

... arranged with 2 control treatments: control 1 – commercial feed + no infection; control 2 - commercial feed + infection of S. agalactiae; and 3 experimental treatments with essential oils concentrations of 0.125%; 0.25% and 0.5%. The study examined the blood cell morphology and physiological blood indices of red tilapia (including hemoglobin; hematocrit; red blood cells count; the total number of white blood cells and...

Shabana Memon1*, Aamir Ali Abro1, Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro2, Aqsa Farid3, Maliha Habib4, Maqbool Ahmed5, Liaquat Ali Bhutto6, Saba Ambreen Memon7 and Muhammad Farooq8*

...ristics among genotypes, treatments, and interactions. The results demonstrated a stronger osmotic impact when using -0.5 MPa PEG. At the seedling stage, the genotype SDW-3 had higher decreases in a number of growth indices, such as shoot length (-11.3), root length (-72.6), and shoot fresh weight (-4.4), with an increase in PEG (-0.5 MPa) level. According to the results of the current study, all six wheat genotypes’ seed incubation shoot, root length, a...

Ghulam Jelani1, Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan2, Rida Asrar3, Muhammad Ahmad1,4*, Chanda Naseem5, Zafar Ali Khoso6, Majid Hussain Soomro7* 

... healthy ones. Different treatments show average growth and good performance with the recovery of clinical signs, histopathological changes, mortality, and morbidity percentage. In this study, we represent a review with a descriptive analysis to identify the chronic respiratory poultry disease, method of prevention, their seasonal incidences, and the treatment by the use of good antibiotics and supportive therapy.
 

...

MARIUM ASLAM, MUHAMMAD JAVED, FAIZA AMBREEN* & FARIHA LATIF

...ver of fish from all the treatments was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of kidney. The results of these studies in fish tissues may prove that peroxidase activity can be used as a sensitive bio-indicator of the antioxidant defense system.
 
Key Words: Catla catla, Sub-lethal, Zinc, Antioxidant Enzyme
...

Arief1, Roni Pazla2*, Rizqan1, Novirman Jamarun2 

...d Goat. The supplemented treatments were: A; control ration (60% forage (CF) + 40% concentrate (CC)), B (30% CF + 30% Tithonia diversifolia (T) + cassava leaves (CL)) + 30% CC + 10% palm concentrate (PC) ), C (30% CF + 30% (T+CL) + 20% CC + 20% PC), and D (30% CF + 30% (T+CL) + 10% CC + 30% PC). The parameters observed were milk production, milk fat, and lactose content, intake and digestibility of fat, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extracts (NFE), and the co...

Ovirup Bhushan Paul1, Shodipta Sharma Urmi2, Md. Ashraf Ali Biswas3* 

... of TMR and FTMR dietary treatments. Mean comparison of both TMR and FTMR group evaluated by t-test assuming equal variances. We observed decreasing tendency of pH with the increasing incubation period and no significant difference of pH between TMR & FTMR feeds at 24h, 48h incubation period. The highest mean digestibility of both TMR and FTMR feed was obtained at 34.78% (34.78±1.28) and 45.91% (45.91±1.09) respectively, at 48h incubation per...

Riko Noviadi, Dwi Desmiyeni Putri, Gusma Gama Maradon*, Agung Adi Candra, Nani Irwani, Gadis Apriani, Made Guntur Candra Adinata, I Made Krisnanda

...ized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications, each replication consisting of 5 broilers. We designed four treatments, P1 = Sundried for 2 days + grinding, P2 = Oven dried at 50°C for 7 h + grinding, P3 = Roasting at 100 °C for 15 min + grinding, and P4 = Water scalding at 96 °C for 1 min + grinding. The processing techniques can provide a comparison of price differences in each treatment and can reduce ...

Yusmarini Yusuf*, Usman Pato*, Shanti Fitriani, Emma Riftyan, Evy Rossi, Diky Arma Fauzi, Ghina Ismadiah, Miftahul Hidayah, Windy Sabiliani

...domized design with four treatments and four replications was used in this experiment to create 16 experimental units. The treatments in this study were the addition of several types of preservatives with different concentrations, namely without the addition of preservatives (P1), the addition of 0.3% sodium nitrite (P2), 2.5% chitosan (P3), and 0.6% bacteriocin (P4). All samples were stored at freezing temperatures for 30 d...

Theresia Nur Indah Koni*, Tri Anggarini Yuniwati Foenay, Stormy Vertygo

...domized Design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments included rice bran without palmyra sap and urea (T0), rice bran with 2% urea (T1), rice bran with 10% palmyra sap (T2), and rice bran with 2% urea and 10% palmyra sap (T3). Urea was added at 2% of the rice bran weight, while palmyra sap was added at 10% of the dry matter of rice bran. Fermentation characteristics were measured by pH, NH3, and lactic ac...

Fathin Faahimaah Abdul Hamid1, Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan1*, Jasni Sabri1 , Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah2,Mohammed Naji Odhah1, Nur Athirah Binti Abdul Manaf1, Mohd Jefri Norsidin2 , Siti Nor Che Yahya1, Intan Noor Aina Kamaruzaman1, Nur Zul Izzati Mohd Rajdi1 

...e and flunixin meglumine treatments. Blood samples were collected at 24 hours, days 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 21, and 28 post-inoculation for the clinical pathology evaluation through complete blood count and serum biochemistry evaluation. Results showed that post-infection resulted mild fluctuation of the red blood cell parameters in the goats with a decrease in the total white blood cell count (p<0.05). The serum biochemistry shows the total protein, albumin and g...

Riswandi1*, Ali Aim1, Muhakka1, Afnur Imsya1, Agus Wijaya2

...ized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments given were A (guinea grass and concentrate, 7:3), B (guinea grass, water mimosa and concentrate, 4:3:3), C (guinea grass, giant molest and concentrate, 4:3:3), D (guinea grass, water chestnut, and concentrate, 4:3:3). The value of dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), pH, N-Ammonia (N-NH3), total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), ...

Khitam J. Yahya*, Mohammed T. S. Al-Zubaidi

...omomycin (100 mg/kg/day) treatments. Curcumin was able to treat the infection and needed father evaluation.
 
Keywords | Cryptosporidium, Biology study, Histopathology examination, Curcumin, Paromomycin, Herbal medicine, Quails
...
Muhammad Arabi Awan1, Hafiz Husnain Nawaz2*, Naeem Akhtar2 and Azmat Ali Awan3
...s of different pesticide treatments on the population of olive psyllids in an olive orchard. The study tested three treatments: CHLORPYRIPHOS 50% EC (T1), THIAMETHOXAM 25 WG (T2), and Detergent (T3), and compared the results to a control group (T4). The study found that after 24 hours, the population of olive psyllids decreased the most in treatment T3, followed by T1 and T2, respectively. After 48 hours, each treatment, exc...

Ijaz Haider1,2*, Muhammad Riaz2, Sikandar Ali2, Qurban Ali1, Ali Noman3, Dilbar Hussain1, Imran Nadeem1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Aqsa Abbas1, Asad Aslam1, Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa2, Ejaz Ul Hassan2, Muhammad Zubair2, Muhammad Saleem1 and Muhammad Kamil Malik1

...d in SA treatment. In SA treatments population of rove beetle, green lace wing and spiders was significantly higher as compared to other treatments. It is evident from the results that SA has enhanced plant resistance against whitefly and thus reduced the damage of pest. SA can be used as alternative combination for the management of cotton whitefly and the amount of insecticide can be reduced for the control of whitefly.

Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Asif1, Amjed Ali1, Ahsan Aziz1, Naeem Akhtar2, Muhammad Shahid Gulrez1 and Waqas Raza3*

Usama Saleem1, Muhammad Asrar1*, Dilbar Hussain2, Saddam Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar2, Hassan Usman1, Muhammad Imran1, Mubshar Saleem3 and Maryam Hamid1

...was seen between the two treatments. Based on the results, it is stated that botanicals provide cost-effective and ecologically friendly alternatives to wheat aphid control and that they should be incorporated into an integrated management approach.

...

Muhammad Ismail1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2, Zarina Qasim3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*

...des. In this study, five treatments including field sanitation (T1), pheromone-based attract and kill strategy (T2), protein-based bait method (T3), combination of all three methods (T4) and control (T5) were evaluated against B. dorsalis infestation in citrus during 2015 and 2016. Data of percent infested fallen fruits, percent pupae recovered from these fallen fruits, percent adult deformity, percent sex ratio and cost-benefit ratio were recorded. Results sh...

Bismillah Khan1*, Muhammad Mehran Anjum1,2*, Maaz Ullah1, Izharullah1, Aftab Ahmad3 and Jawad Akbar1

Nguyen Thi Kim Dong1*, Nguyen Van Thu2 

...esign with 5 nutritional treatments and 3 replicates, including ten birds per experimental unit. The treatments were supplement levels of 0 (no supplement),0.2% and 0.4% benefit microorganism and 0.4 and 0.8%vitamin-enzyme (VE)to concentrate-basal diets corresponding to the S0, SP0.2, SP0.4, VE0.4 and VE0.8 treatments. The results indicate that the treatments

Keatisak Soisuwan1, Hatairat Plaimast2, Atichat Thongnum3, Soranot Chotnipat4, Manatsanun Nopparatmaitree4* 

...ks were divided into two treatments, each with 10 replicates and 50 chicks (25 females and 25 males) per experimental unit. Dietary treatment consisted of commercial broilers diets (corn-soybean based diet) supplemented with 0 or 100 g/ton of natural multi-enzymes feed supplementation (top-up feeding). Birds were provided ad libitum access to water and experimental diets. The results showed that natural multi-enzyme supplementation had no significant effect on...

Adel B. Salama and Reham M. Sabry*

... was used to arrange the treatments in three replicates, (H): petal harvesting and (C): without petal harvesting (control). Petal harvested plants produced a significantly much more harvestable total flower yield of 297-350 per plant than control with 48-51 flower/plant. Further, petal harvesting has significant effect on the flowers number and it increased 6-7 folds; hence possibly improve the compensation ability of plants to set new buds. Petal harvesting h...

Luqman1*, Zahid Hussain2, Tamana Bakht3, Fazli Wahab1, Miftah-ud-Din1, Haroon Khan2, Imran Shinwari1, Ata Ullah1, Liaqat Khan1 and Sara Hidayat

...he factor B included the treatments of Rumex crispus as mulch, Euphorbia helioscopia as mulch, wheat straw as mulch, a hand weeded treatment and a weedy control. Data were taken on fresh weed biomass (kg ha-1), plant height (cm), no. of leaves plant-1 and biological yield (kg ha-1). The results of the investigation showed that both the cropping patterns and weed control measures significantly affected all the studied parameters except plant height at maturity ...

Anwar ul Haq1, Maqsooda Parveen2, Shehzadi Saima3* and Khalid Masood Ahmad1*

...and it consisted of five treatments including control and different concentration of both auxins viz. 1-Naphthalene acetic acid (50 mg/L,100 mg/L) and Indole-3-acetic acid (100 mg/L, 200 mg/L) on tip cuttings of chrysanthemum. In this experiment, 15 pots of 9-inch diameter were used which were filled with silt, leaf mould and well rotten farmyard manure (1:1:1). Three cuttings in each pot and a total of 45 cuttings were planted. Cuttings of each treatment were...

Muhammad Kefayatullah* and Said Wahab

...sis showed that both the treatments and storage interval had a significant effect on physicochemical and sensory analysis of apricot fruit during postharvest storage.

...

Faiza Siddique1, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Rana Arsalan Javaid1, Alvina Hanif1, Maria Rabnawaz1, Muhammad Arshad2, Irum Raza3 and Abid Majeed1*

...teraction of genotypes x treatments (G x T) is significant for seedling height at 1% alpha in all rice lines, seedling height and dry weight decreased along with elevated stress levels. Four lines, NRPC-9, NRPC-7, NRPC-6, and NRPC-1 were shown to be tolerant at 15% PEG 6000 water stress level while all lines tolerated 10% PEG induced water stress. It was concluded from our findings that elite coarse green super rice (GSR) lines viz; NRPC-9, NRPC-7, NRPC-6, and...

Nitya Salsabila, Djalal Rosyidi, Agus Susilo* 

...ized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions, namely P0: without the addition of liquid smoke (control), P1: liquid smoke without sonication, P2: sonication liquid smoke for 5 minutes, P3: sonication liquid smoke for 10 minutes, P4: sonication liquid smoke for 15 minutes, and P5: sonication liquid smoke for 20 minutes. The results showed that the addition of sonication liquid smoke had no significant effect (P>0.05) on protein, ash, and organolepti...

Mahpara Fida Ahmed1, Abdul Hanan2* and Sher Ahmed2

...he one experiment, three treatments (T1 to T3) of corm sizes viz: large (8-11 g), medium (5-7 g) and small (less than 4 g) were used. In the second experiment, five treatments (T1 to T5) of row to row and plant to plant distance/spacing viz: T1= 15 cm, T2= 20 cm, T3= 25 cm, T4= 30 cm and T5= 35 cm were used. The results indicated that only large corms produced the flowers while medium and small corms failed to produce flower...

Imran Ahmad

...The difference among the treatments was analyzed using standard deviation and ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05). To evaluate the various samples, a focus group of twelve panelists on the same day of preparation using a 9-point hedonic scale for seven attributes: viscosity, airiness, graininess, consistency, smoothness, adhesiveness, and color intensity. MIS concentrations at 3-5% were not easily detectable by panelists. However, 7% MIS products were more desirable to paneli...

Pawinee Kingkan1, Thanathip Supcharoenkul1, Chaowit Rakangthong1, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak1, Komwit Surachat2,3, Wiriya Loongyai1* 

...andomly allocated to two treatments: a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of amoxicillin and colistin (Amox-Co) and a basal diet supplemented with amoxicillin and 1 g/kg of a bacteriophage cocktail (Amox-Phage). Each treatment consisted of eight replicate pens, with 50 pigs per replicate. Average daily gain (ADG) and the FCR did not differ between the groups. The Amox-Phage group showed greater resistance to diarrhoea compared with the Amox-Co group during...

Javeria Khourshid*, Ghulam Abbas, Shahnaz Rashid, Asma Fatima* and Abdul Malik

...was found in FCR between treatments. No mortality was occurring during the whole experimental period. Comparative growth analysis of both fish species revealed that OxyAqua organic is highly suitable for enhancing the biological performance of fish in captivity. This study is recommended for intensive and semi-intensive fish cultivation technology development, water quality improvement and fish health management in aquaculture.

...

Muhammad Waqas Yonas1,2*, Khuram Mubeen2, Muhammad Irfan3, Muhammad Ayaz Shahzad4, Mudassir Aziz2, Saad ur Rehman5 and Shoaib Zawar

...study consisted of eight treatments viz: T1: stale seedbed + no herbicide, T2: stale seedbed + glyphosate @ 711 a.i mL ha-1, T3: stale seedbed + paraquat-dichloride @ 494 a.i mL ha-1, T4: stale seedbed + atlantis (mesosulfuron-methyl and iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) @ 15 a.i g ha-1, T5: stale seedbed + glyphosate @ 356 a.i mL ha-1 + paraquat @ 247 a.i mL ha-1, T6: stale seedbed + glyphosate @ 356 a.i mL ha-1 + atlantis @ 7.5 a.i g ha-1, T7: stale seedbed + para...

Tasew Getu1*, Wassu Mohammed2, Awol Seid3, Tesfamariam Mekete4 and Bekele Kassa

...dings indicated that the treatments and their interactions significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the development of MI, RS, and impacted potato yield. The cultivar Gudenie had the lowest mean value (2.2) of MI reproduction factor with drip irrigation amended with VC. Belete registered the lowest mean values of galls (6.6) and eggmasses (7.0) per root system and tuber, and RS final colonies (2.6 × 105) with same treatment. The presence of VC greatly increa...
Muhammad Zahid Rashid1, Amina1*, Hafiz Wasif Javaad2, Muhammad Asim Rashid3 and Amina Rashid3
...ign (RCBD) with eighteen treatments having four replicates. The documented data was statistically assessed by using analysis of variance and means of treatments were compared by employing LSD test. Twenty different date palm cultivar seeds were put in sterilized soil. According to the outcomes, the Amber variety of date palm performed better than other date palm varieties in terms of many physical characteristics, including ...

Sigit Bintara1*, Riyan Nugroho Aji1, Panjono2, Ali Agus3

... found in the other four treatments, namely motility before freezing (70.86%) and post thawing (53.00%); viability before freezing (76.00%) and post thawing (60. 14%); plasma membrane integrity before freezing (71.29%) and post thawing (59.86%); and also showed the lowest abnormality level before freezing and post-thawing, (17.29%) and (24.14%), respectively.
 
Keywords | Spermatozoa, Belgian blue crossbreed, Egg yolk citrate, Lyco...

Khalil1*, Dwi Ananta1, Andri Bachtiar2, Hermon3

...or 60 days in three bulk treatments: loose stacking, open-tied rolling, and airtight wrapping. The changes in physical appearances, botanical fraction, proximate, and fiber fraction content were determined. The nutritive values of stored rice straws were evaluated by feeding four male Indonesian-indigenous Pesisir cattle in a 4x4 Latin Square design. There were four experimental diets: basal diet + fresh rice straw (FRS), basal diet + stacking-supplemented ric...

Zahra Abdulameer Al-Zayadi1, Hana Kadum Shanan1, Al Salihi Karima Akool2

...ce groups before various treatments. The various treatment groups revealed diverse histopathological changes compared to the control groups. Various histological features were also seen in low, moderate, and high-dose Sc-RE treatment groups, accompanied by regeneration related to the treatment dose. Severe damage comprising necrosis of the hepatic cells, renal tubules, congestion, and infiltration of inflammatory cells was seen in the chemotherapy-treated grou...

Chang-Man Kim1, Sam-Churl Kim2 , Young-Ho Joo2, In-Hag Choi3*

...the 0.05% and 0.1% AlCl3 treatments because of the acidifying properties of AlCl3. AlCl3treatment is the best management practice that improves a pig-rearing environment.
 
Keywords | Aluminum chloride, Ammonia, Hydrogen sulfide, Pig indoor facilities, Pig slurry
...

Munir Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Riaz Hussain2* and Rifat Ullah Khan3*

...n days 10, 20, and 30 of treatments. Different physical and behavioral disorders were noted in terms of time and concentration manners. In comparison to control fish, the hematological profile including lymphocyte, hemoglobin erythrocyte and monocyte counts, was considerably (p < 0.05) lower. The final results on the serum biochemical parameters showed significantly (p < .05) higher concentrations of liver biochemical profile, biomarkers of kidneys, trig...
Guo-Hai Wang1,2,3, Chuang-Bin Tang1, Yuan-Xin Yang1, Yan-Ling Huang1, Wei-Ning Tan4, Qi-Hai Zhou3* and Chang-Hu Lu2*
...e mother tree) using two treatments (leaf litter coverage and control) to clarify the effect of leaf litter coverage on seed survival. The average seed survival rate with leaf litter covering was substantially higher than that of the control (29.36±6.54% vs. 17.07±5.57%), as was seed survival time (9.38±0.74 d vs. 4.96±0.60 d). The average seed survival rates beneath the mother tree (21.14±5.82%) was lower than that away from...

Eliseo Pelagio Fernández Ruelas1, Ali William Canaza-Cayo2,3*, Francisco Halley Rodriguez Huanca1, Uri Harold Perez Guerra1, Roxana Churata-Huacani3, Tales Jesus Fernandes3, Ysabel Mendoza Aguilar1 

...omized design with three treatments and 12 replications with five hens each. Laying hens were randomly divided into three groups: Control: no addition of Moringa oleifera leaves, MOL2.5: diets with 2.5% MOL; and MOL4.5: diets with 4.5% MOL. The results showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on productive parameters like feed intake, live weight and feed conversion ratio at MOL2.5. Egg quality characteristics like whole egg weight and egg albumen weight, were ...

Ayesha Anwar, Sadia Aslam and Nauman Khalid*

...d patties from different treatments. Increased lipid oxidation content was observed in cooked and uncooked patties containing different concentrations of emulsions, together with non-significant difference in values of water holding capacity and cooking yield among different treatments. A slightly higher scores were obtained for sensory parameters of patties containing linseed oil emulsions. 

...

Asifa Hameed1*, Haider Karar2, Abdul Ghaffar1, Abid Hameed Khan1, Muhammad Mubashir1 and Ghulam Mustafa1

... and SB Chaunsa) and two treatments (netted and open trees). The netted trees of each variety were covered with mosquito net before initiation of flowering, while the open trees of the same varieties were not covered with net. Overall, we found that insects are necessary for pollination and fruit setting. There was no fruit setting i.e. zero fruits per panicle in netted trees where the insects could not visit, the inflorescence during peak period. Maximum frui...

Trinil Susilawati1*, Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti1, Amir Firdaus2, Dinda Ayu Damayanti2, Rizki Prafitri1, Nanang Febrianto1, Kuswati1, Achadiah Rachmawati1, Sri Wahjuningsih1, Nurul Isnaini1 

...ble dose. There were two treatments in this research; T1 was AI single dose at the 8th hour after estrus onset, while T2 AI double dose at the 2nd and 8th hour after estrus onset. The Non-Return Rate (NRR 1) was observed on the next cycle after AI. If the cows showed the estrus sign, the insemination was repeated with the same treatment and then continued to observe NRR 2 on the next cycle. After two months, the pregnancy and AI failure were observed using ult...

Shujaullah Khan1, Zahid Hussain1*, Haroon Khan1 and Omer Suha Uslu2

...nsisted of six different treatments including three herbicides viz. Cut Out 40 EC (bromoxynil+MCPA) @ 500 ml ha-1 as a broad leaf weeds killer, Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 6.9% EW (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl) as a grassy weeds killer applied @ 500 ml ha-1, and Cleaner 6% OD (florasulam 2%+mesosulfuron methyl 4%) as a broad-spectrum herbicide @ 102 ml ha-1. The fourth was an AI treatment (robotic weeding), along with a hand weeding (HW) and a weedy check (WC)

Nguyen Thi Anh Thu1*, Ly Thi Thu Lan1, Nguyen Thuy Linh1, Chau Cong Dang1, Nguyen Hoang Phuc1, Tran Dinh Tuan1, Nguyen Trong Ngu2 

...d design consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replicates of 10 chicks per experiment. In both experiments, BC was used at a dose of 109 PFU/mL, and SE was used at 108,2 CFU/mL. In the protective experiment, 1-day-old chicks were arranged in CD) control diet; BC+S) CD + 1 mL BC (gavaged at days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) + 1 mL SE (gavaged at day 3); S) CD + 1 mL SE (gavaged at day 3); S+A) CD + 1 mL SE (gavaged at day 3) + gentamicin at 1 g/4 L water (gavaged at days 1, 2, 3,...

Fuji Astuty Auza1*, Sri Purwanti2, Jasmal A. Syamsu2, Asmuddin Natsir2, Rusli Badaruddin1, Deki Zulkarnain1, La Ode Muh. Munadi1 

... assigned to one of five treatments in a completely randomized design, with four replicates per treatment. The treatments included P0 = 0% BSF larvae flour, P1 = 25% (3.74% BSF larvae flour), P2 = 50% (7.51% BSF larvae flour), P3 = 75% (11.26% BSF larvae flour), P4 = 100% (15% BSF larvae flour). The results showed that replacing fish flour with BSF larvae flour as a protein source in the brood diet of village chicken feed si...

Dede Kardaya*, Deden Sudrajat, Dewi Wahyuni 

... kg BW) allotted to four treatments in a randomized group design to determine how it affects lamb performances. The treatments were rations containing no urea (NU), urea (U), zeolite (Z), and urea-impregnated zeolite (UZ). Zeolite or urea-impregnated zeolite inclusion into field grass-based diets of lamb maintained feed intake level, improved dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent...

Rizki Palupi*, Arfan Abrar, Fitri Nova Liya Lubis, Yuni Kurniati, Bianca Ikriza Octa Nadia Putri 

...gn, which consisted of 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment was the use of a combination of cassava tuber and indigofera leaves meal (70%+30%; CCI) in the ration, namely: T0 (0% CCI in the ration), T1 (5% CCI in ration), T2 (10% CCI in ration), T3 (15% CCI in ration) and T4 (20% CCI in ration). The material used was 100 day-old broiler chick (Cobb strain), which were placed in 25 postal cage units. The feed used was commercial broiler chicken feed: ...

Vui Van Nguyen1, Samorn Ponchunchoovong2, Sajeera Kupittayanant3, Pakanit Kupittayanant2* 

...ty indicators of all the treatments during 12 days of storage. In addition, the chilled sperm motility parameters among all the semen extenders were not noticeably different at each time period of evaluation (P>0.05). Although sperm lipid peroxidation index in the Ocimum gratissimum essential oils treatment was higher than those in the treatment of vitamin E and green tea polyphenols, the percentage of the high mitochondrial membrane potential, the intact p...

Li Qiao*, Shubao Geng, Shibao Guo, Hongmin Liu, Jian Yin and Quan Zhang

...tween the two wavelength treatments was significant; while the mortality increased, the pupation rate decreased, and the pupa weight and adult emergence rate decreased. The development duration of 5 instar larvae was significantly shortened, and the pupation rate and abnormal pupation rate were significantly increased. The pupa weight of 5th instar larvae was significantly higher than that of 2nd instar larvae. Except the mortality of 2nd instar larvae increas...

Maryam Beheshti1, Mohammad Reza Taheriyan2*, Sikander Shahzad3, Memoona Siddique4, He Tianwei5, Muhammad Farooq5*, Huzaifa Kashif6 and Naila Ilyas7*

... 5 groups of 8 and given treatments of hemp, palm, and soybean totaling 1.5% of their body weight in order to study the effects of various treatments on their blood parameters. Blood tests were used to investigate these parameters. Based on the results, all three oils-hemp, soybean, and palm-had the same refractive index (1.46) and showed no statistically significant different (P<0.05). Palm oil had a saponification index...
Xiangjie Zhao1, Zheshi Kuang2, Jiyuan Yang2, Muhammad Bilal1 and Rongling Yang1*
...nd 42 d. Among the above treatments, Treatment 3 reached a significant level (P < 0.05) as compared to the control in F/G, thymic index and meat quality. All treatment groups had a lower drip loss in meat quality compared to control, and Treatment 1 reached a significant level (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the FSP can be employed as a potential economical substitute for the fishmeal to Lingnan yellow broiler chickens.

...

Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi1,4, Hafandi Ahmad1, Norhariani Mohd Nor1, Goh Yong Meng1, Mohd Zamri Saad2, Md Zuki Abu Bakar1, Norafizah Abdul Rahman5,6, Agung Irawan7,9, Anuraga Jayanegara8,9, Hasliza Abu Hassim1,3,9*

 

...ed with the same dietary treatments, but Swamp buffalo were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Ruminococcus albus and total fatty acid. This study showed that supplementing concentrates solely or a mixture with bypass fat into a grass-based diet could decrease methane production, as well as methanogens without giving a detrimental effect on rumen fermentation but also increase the degree of fatty acids saturation partially via increasing the abundance of fi...

Pham Tan Nha*, Le Thu Thuy

...stribution of sexes. The treatments included FG0.5, FG1.0, FG1.5, BG0.5, BG1.0, and BG1.5, where Fresh Garlic and Black Garlic were added to the basal diet at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% (DM) concentrations. The trial lasted for 8 weeks, covering the period from 6 to 13 weeks of age for the Tre chickens. The findings demonstrated that supplementing the diet of Tre chickens with Garlic at a concentration of 1.0 - 1.5% (DM) resulted in weight gain and improved feed conve...

Novirman Jamarun1, Roni Pazla1*, Arief2, Elihasridas1, Gusri Yanti3, Rani Winardi Wulan Sari4, Zaitul Ikhlas4

...d block design with four treatments and four groups of goat body weight as replicates was employed in the research. The four treatments were as follows: (T1 = mangrove leaves hay (MLH) 35% + fermented T. diversifolia (FTD) 5% + Concentrate (C) 60%, T2 = MLH 30% + FTD 10% + C 60%, T3= MLH 25% + FTD 15% + C 60%, T4= MLH 20% + FTD 20% + C 60%). Parameters measured included body weight gain, intake, and nutrient digestibility. A...

Rusul Adnan Dawood, Hasan F.K. Alghetaa*

...s mentioned earlier. All treatments lasted for four weeks. At the termination of the experiment, blood samples were collected to evaluate the renal function as well as to evaluate the redox system activity. Furthermore, peritoneal exudate was collected to determine the population of infiltrating cells by using trypan blue dye. Analyzed data revealed that there was renal dysfunction represented by significant (P<0.05) increase in blood urea of HD and HR grou...
Muhammad Shoaib1, Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid1, Shafaq Amir2, Shaukat Ali Bhatti1*, Hafiz Hassan Iqbal1, Najam-us-Sahar1 and Mubsher Hussain1,3
...irds were divided into 8 treatments groups with 5 replicates of 13 birds in each. Total 8 diets viz., PC (Positive control), NC1 (Negative control 1; 75 Kcal/kg reduced energy), NC1L (NC1 + lipase at 0.015%), NC1LB (NC1 + lipase at 0.015% + bile acids at 0.05%), NC2 (Negative control 2; 150 Kcal/kg reduced energy), NC2L (NC2 + lipase at 0.015%), NC2LB (NC2 + lipase at 0.015% + bile acids at 0.05%) and NC2 (2LB) (NC2 + 2x (lipase at 0.03% + bile acids at 0.1%))...

Mohammed Naji Odhah1,2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1*, Bura Thlama Paul3,4, Bashiru Garba5, Zaid Mahmood1, Eric Lim Teik Chung6, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila7  

...crease (p<0.05) after treatments and the increase persisted up till week 11 post-inoculation. The concentration of IgG steadily increased in C. pseudotuberculosis and MAs-treated groups, reaching the peak at week 9 (32.82±8.56 ng/ml) in C. pseudotuberculosis group and week 10 (28.41±1.27 ng/ml) in MAs group, then declined slowly from week 10 till week 12. In conclusion, there was an elevated level in the IgM and IgG antibodies post-infection w...

Sajid Ali1, Ghulam Abbas1, Shahnaz Rashid1, Asma Fatima1*, Abdul Malik1, Dilawer Ali1, Muneer Hussain Bijoro1, Ushra Batool Hashmi1, Rumaisa Abdul Rahim1, Shahid Hussain2, Kashif Ali3, Jabbar Memon4 and Javeria Khourshid1

... survival ratio) in both treatments. Relative growth of black fin seabream juveniles (A. berda) remained significantly different while regression values were found to be non-significant (P>0.05; R2= 0.95) among both treatments. The physiochemical parameters of seawater ponds were found in the optimum range throughout the trial period. Therefore, it is suggested that soybean meal can be replaced and used as an alternative ...

Imbang Dwi Rahayu1, Ali Mahmud1*, Wahyu Widodo1, Adi Sutanto1, Apriliana Devi Anggraini1, Devi Dwi Siskawardani2, Wisnu Nurcahyo3, Tri Untari3

...ded into seven levels of treatments; T0 (feed without herbs), T1 (feed + 1% herbs), T2 (Feed + 2% herbs), T3 (Feed + 3% herbs), T4 (drinking water +1% herbal), T5 (drinking water + 2% herbal), T6 (drinking water + 3% herbal). The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. As a result, the treatments did not affect (p>0.05) the total plasma protein (TPP), globulin, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL),...

Peter Amuguni Mbato*, Wanzila Usyu Mutinda, Noah Kipkoech Maritim, Nicholas Edwin Odongo 

...sign, comprising of four treatments and three replications, with each replication consisting of 20 birds. Treatments A, B and C, where the birds were under FRPS at 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age, respectively, and the conventional complete confinement, treatment D (control). The birds were weighed and their foot pad lesions evaluated at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age. Liver samples were collected at 8 weeks of age and processed for cul...

Eman M. Abdelhady1, Nader Y. Mostafa1, Mohammed A. El-Magd2* and Ghada A. Kirrella1

...eristics between the two treatments. With these antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, CP and CNPs, with a better effect for CNPs, could be used as preservatives for the minced meat to extend its shelf life.

...

Tahir Rasool Qamar1, Sanaullah Iqbal1*, Muhammad Nasir1 and Habib-ur- Rehman2

...r groups. Chicory powder treatments were started to group G4 before administering carcinogenic injections. After one-month, groups G2-G4 received four subcutaneous injections of carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH) at dose of 40 mg/kg body weight, twice a week for 2 weeks. After DHM injections, chicory powder treatments were started to group G3 as well and group G2 was DHM control group receiving only basal...
Mohamed A. Abu El-Hamd1*, Abdelslam M. Metwally2, Zahya R.  Ghallab2, Wael A. El-Hamady and Mohamed A. El-karamany1
...examine several hormonal treatments approaches for improving fertility in Friesian cows with high and low fertility. This study used a total of 40 Friesian cows, 20 of which were unable to conceive after a single service (high fertility), and 20 of which were unable to conceive after three services (low fertility). Animals were classified into four groups (n=10 /group) for two hormonal protocols. Cows in the first and second groups high or low-fertility (G1 an...

Mehran Ali* and Inamullah

... and 90 kg P ha-1. These treatments explored with and without incorporation of AM fungi. One control treatment was used for reference. The results exhibited that, AM fungi had non-significant effect on initial phenological stages of wheat like days to emergence and tillering and anthesis but considerable variations were recorded for physiological maturity as well as physiology and yield of wheat crop. Different P levels also revealed the similar trend, 90 kg P...
Yousef Ahmed Alkhamis1,2*, Basanti Mondal3, Roshmon Thomas Mathew2, Ganesan Nagarajan4,5,6, Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman3, Md. Mostafizur Rahman7, Adnan Alhajji1 and Md. Moshiur Rahman3,8*
...ndomly assigned into two treatments including control treatment (CT: constantly 0 ppt) and salinity treatment (ST: 25 ppt in 1st and 3rd month and 0 ppt in 2nd month). Each treatment contained 45 fish having three replications and the entire study was carried out up to three months. After each experimental month, all the selected phenotypic traits (i. e. standard length, tail length, body area and color pattern) were measured. The results revealed that ST fish...

Imran Nadeem1, Qurban Ali1, Muhammad Kamil Malik1*, Asad Aslam1, Imran Tariq2, Muhammad Bilal Bin Iqbal1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Sikander Ali3, Muhammad Jawad Saleem1, Muhammad Zubair3 and Aqsa Abbas1

...as compared to all other treatments, including novel insecticides.

...

Mahmood Davoodi-Omam, Hossein Mansoori Yarahmadi*, Jafar Fakhraei and Mehdi Changizi

...sign with 9 experimental treatments, 6 replicates with 10 chickens in each replicate up to 42 days of age. The group containing Globacid (1 mL/L) and the restriction intensity of 10% had the highest significant difference compared to the control (p <0.05). The highest thymus weight was observed in the treatments with Globacid levels of 0.5 and 1 mL/L, respectively (p < 0.05). Also, the highest humoral immune response a...

Omar Berkani1*, Souheila Slimani2, Nora Sakhraoui3 and Cherif Abdennour1

... and CYP2+PO groups. All treatments were realized by gavage for 10 consecutive weeks starting in mid-February. Their testes volumes and moult plumage progression were measured every 15 days. Whereas, testicular weights, testicular histological examination, vas different semen analysis and plasma FT4 level were measured at week 10. Results showed that under long photoperiod, the sexual activity of the control group lasted for 06 weeks, characterized by a signif...

Momina Raheem1, Muhammad Fiaz2*, Muhammad Mushtaq1, Umana Niazi1, Evelyn Saba3 and Mansoor Abdullah3

...;0.05) was found between treatments. The higher survival rate of lambs (P<0.05) was found in CRS 25 g/d, followed by 50 g/d and then 0 g/d. Milk constituents; solid not fat, density, lactose, minerals and protein were increased (P<0.05) with increasing rate of dietary supplementation of CRS except fat percentage. In case of blood parameters, effect of dietary supplementation of CRS was found variable. It is concluded that 25 g/d CRS is an optimum dietary...

Bayanda Mdoda*, Faith Machabi, Busisani Wiseman Lembede, Eliton Chivandi 

...assigned to four dietary treatments where zingerone replaced zinc bacitracin (ZnBcn) at 0 mg/kg (control: 500 mg/kg of zinc bacitracin), 40 mg/kg; 80 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg in the starter, grower and finisher diets. The broiler chicks were fed ad libitum for 6 weeks: starter (days 1-14), grower (days 15-28), and finisher (days 29-42). Induction and weekly body mass, daily feed intake (FI), and terminal body mass (TBM) were measured. Body mass gain (BMG), average ...
Yafang Wang1,2,3, Fugui Jiang2,3, Haijian Cheng2,3, Yifan Liu2,3, Chen Wei2,3, Ce Liu2,3 and Enliang Song1,2,3*
...alves were similar among treatments, whereas the final body weight at 120 days (P = 0.084) and average daily gain (P = 0.025) increased with increased ASIV. There were no significant differences among treatments on body measurement indexes. Serum blood urea nitrogen levels decreased (P = 0.028) and glucose levels increased (P = 0.029) with increasing ASIV. The average concentrations of CAT (P = 0.0005), GSH-Px (P < 0.0001...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Mika Tania Sidabutar, Liman, Arif Qisthon 

... design (RBD) with three treatments and three groups. The treatments administered were as follows: P0: 80% basal feed + 20% corn cobs without ammonia (0% urea), P1: 80% basal feed + 20% ammoniated corn cobs (2.5% urea), and P2: 80% basal feed + 20% ammoniated corn cobs (5% urea). The variables observed included body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and income over feed cost (IOFC). The results indicated that t...

Azam Khurshid1*, Jawad Sarwar1, Kamran Sohail1, Hafiz Muhammad Faisal Ayub2, Farooq Muhammad1, Fida Muhammad Khan3 and Adnan Ihsan1

ZAHOOR AHMAD SAJID1* & SHEZA AYAZ KHILJI2

...rsely affected by saline treatments i.e., root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, amount of protein and antioxidant enzymes. The higher levels of NaCl (100-200 mM) in this investigation drastically suppressed the growth of plants of Suaeda fruticosa L. in the form of stunted growth. The overall increase in antioxidant enzyme activities during this study seems to be their scavenging role by neutralizing the reactive oxygen species produced during s...

Muhammad Syarif Djaya1, Osfar Sjofjan2, Hartutik Hartutik2, Irfan Hadji Djunaidi2 

...n was adjusted with five treatments and six replications for each pen, consisting of ten Alabio laying ducks. A general linear model was used in this research to identification a significant effect. The results showed used different carotenoid give insignificant difference (p < 0.05) on the whole egg quality and yolk quality. In summary, even though present slightly different the carotenoid can be used as natural pigmentation on Alabio laying ducks.  <...

Qasim Ali1, Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed

...lly, diverse pollination treatments were compared, pitting instances of unguided insect visits against scenarios where insects were excluded. This comparison encompassed both physical attributes (such as fruit dimensions, weight, pulp content, and seed count per fruit) and biochemical parameters (including Total Soluble Solids (TSS), Titrable Acidity (TA), pH, and Vitamin C). The pollinator community observed consisted of two species of bees and eight species ...

Muhammad Shahid Nisar1*, Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Ghulam Fatima2, Irfan Ahmed4, Khizar Sami Ullah2 and Syeda Amber Hameed2,5

...results than the control treatments with basal feed. It is suggested that as a supplements, FW can be added in feed as medicinal effects of fruit wastes by reducing the antibiotic usage in broilers and decreased the environmental pollution and for functional food ingredients, natural antioxidants, antimicrobial compounds and substantially reduce the amount of waste.

...

Mohammed M. Jassim, Mohammed R. Abduljaleel*, Zainab B. Abdulkareem, Noor H. Sanad, Ibrahim M.H. Alrashid

... could take advantage of treatments with the SMF.
 
Keywords | Rabbits, Bone fracture, Avian implantation
...

Arief1*, Roni Pazla2

...esign, implementing four treatments with four replicates as follows: Treatment T1: Control; 60% Company Ration + 40% Company Concentrate, T2: 60% (Md+Gs) + 15% CC +25% PC, T3: 60% (Iz+Gs) + 15% CC + 25% PC, T4: 60% (Md+Iz) + 15% CC +25% PC. The findings indicated that there were no significant differences in FCM production among the treatments, except for T3, which demonstrated higher production. Milk fat and lactose levels ...

Siddique Ahmad1*, Basit Ullah1, Sajid Ali2, Ali Zaid1, Zeeshan Ahmad3, Muhammad Usaid1, Muhammad Zeeshan1 and Saif Ullah3

...ign each consisted of 10 treatments. Bio-aab treatments are T1: Poultry manure (PM) + 80 kg N + bioabb, T2: PM + 120 kg N + bio-aab, T3: PM + 160 kg N + bio-aab, T4: Farm yard manure (FYM) + 80 kg N + bioabb, T5: FYM + 120 kg N + bio-aab, T6: FYM + 160 kg N + bio-aab, T7: Maize residues (MR) + 80 kg N + bioabb, T8: MR + 120 kg N + bio-aab, T9: MR + 160 kg N + bio-aab, T10: Control), same treatments

Sona Salem El-Nwehy1*, Assem Abbas Mohammed El-Naggar2 and Adel Badr El-Nasharty1

...dria, Egypt. There are 7 treatments which consist of 3 percent of the suggested soil amendment NPK (50%NPK, 75%NPK, 100%NPK) were applied as a combined with two concentrations of EM1 (Effective Microorganisms) (1% EM1 and 2% EM1). On the other hand, the control treatment used the entire prescribed NPK soil amendment proportion. Biofertilizer (EM1) applications combined with NPK had a substantial impact on enhancement of the characteristics of vegetative growth...

Muhammad Raza Salik1, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal1,2*, Ayesha Komal3, Muhammad Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah4, Faheem Altaf5, Akbar Hayat1 and Hira Tariq1

...18` × 18` as these treatments resulted in fruitful results in many parameters studied.

...

Shiferaw Demissie Tola1, Diriba Muleta2, Fassil Assefa2 and Beira Hailu Meressa1*

...ubjected to Dinsire. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete design with four replications and terminated after 120 days of nematode inoculation. This study showed that the final nematode population, plant growth, and yields decreased as initial nematode inoculums increased. Maximum suppression fresh weight of shoot (43.8%) and fruit (52%) was recorded at Pi ≥ 8 J2 (g soil)-1. The analysis of Seinhorst’s yield loss model indicated the hi...

Aishat Adetola Anifowose*, Nkechi Betsy Izuogu and Benoit Katchitche Sossou

... 1.5 t/ha for the single treatments and at 0.75 t/ha at planting for the combined treatments. EM was applied twice at a two-weeks interval at 4000 l/ha and 2000 l/ha for the single and combined treatments, respectively. The nematode-inoculated, untreated pots and plots served as negative controls. Generally, the increase in growth and yield parameters and decrease in nematode population wa...

Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1, Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi1*, Hassan Abd- El-Khair2, Usama S. Elkelany1, Mahfouz M.M. Abd-Elgawad1 and Mona G. Dawood3

...rvest time, the combined treatments of Tv or Tvr with PP recorded 66.8 or 60.5% nematode reductions, respectively, as each fungal agent was applied in soil before planting. However, such reductions were 83.7 and 78.7%, respectively, when Tv or Tvr were used as single treatments indicating more efficacy on M. incognita populations in the absence of PP. All treatments significantly (P ≤ 0...

Nurul Isnaini*, Dedes Amertaningtyas, Hanief Eko Sulistyo, Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti, Faizal Andri

...5 replicated per dietary treatments). The treatments enriched media was formulated as follows: T0: 100% dried poultry waste; T1: mixed up-fermented dried poultry waste 75% and commercially laying hens feed (starter); T2: mixed up-fermented dried poultry waste 50% and 50% commercially laying hens feed (starter); T3: mixed up-fermented dried poultry waste 25% and 75% commercially laying hens feed (starter); T4: 100% and commer...

Aeni Nurlatifah1, Anita Hafid1, Pradita Iustia Sitaresmi1, Santoso Santoso1, Rahma Isatirna Anwar1, Mohammad Firdaus Hudaya1, Diana Andrianita Kusumaningrum1, Nurul Azizah1, Dimar Sari Wahyuni1, Herdis Herdis1, Florentina Bety Indah Lupitasari1, Desiana Ade Mahari1, Muhammad Rizal2

...domly divided into seven treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial design. The two factors were the antioxidant levels of EZ (25, 50, and 75 mg) and NEZ (5, 10, and 20 mg). Motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity were the metrics used in this analysis. The experiment conducted with the additional NEZ on the 4th day of observation showed that the addition of ascorbic acid as NEZ at a dose of 20 mg/100 ml into the egg yolk tris extender resulted in the gr...

Lukmanhy1*, Enny Yuliani1, I Wayan Lanus Sumadiasa1, Lalu Ahmad Zaenuri1, Mardiansyah2

...esign consisted of three treatments; T0, T1, T2 and T3, consisting of 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20 % of sugarcane juice, respectively. The measured parameters included progressive motility, viability, and abnormalities of spermatozoa. The data obtained were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test to determine the difference among the treatments. The current study showed that add...
Rusli Tonda1, Lili Zalizar1*, Wahyu Widodo1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi1, David Hermawan1, Damat Damat1, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile2, Irum Iqrar3, Trias Agung Pakarti4,5, Shazma Anwar6 and Wirawan Wira7
 
 
...ications employing three treatments of corn (T1), “aking rice” (T2), and rice bran (T3). Broiler chickens aged 35 d with an average body weight of 1 870 g were involved – each treatment unit was of three, making a total of 27 chickens. Data gained from the experiment were run through one-way ANOVA, followed by an LSD test should any differences in the treatments occur. The result showed that consumption on ...

Saman Rizwan and Sohaib Aslam* 

...ation patterns under two treatments were unique from each other. The results showed that all treatments enhance the carbon mineralization in soil with addition of residues compared to control. Soil treatment with incorporated residues (using 1g of residues) resulted in fastest respiration rates followed by mulched treatment. The soil treatment with incorporated residues (using 0.5 g of residues) exhibited comparatively slowe...

Muhammad Mukhtar*, Syamsul Bahri, Syahruddin 

...d design consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. The study treatment was liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from various manufactured products, namely Genetic-plus and Bio-love, and as a comparison, LOF Bio-urine produced from the biogas process. The research treatment is as follows: T0 = Without using LOF (Control); T1 = Using LOF Genetics-plus; T2 = Using LOF Bio-love; T3 = Using LOF Bio-urine. Parameters measured were (1) plant growth, namely plant heig...

Imtiaz Khan1*, Abdullah1, Muhammad Ibrahim1, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan1, Saima Hashim1, Shomayela Afzal2 and Khalid Nawab3 

...es were implemented. The treatments include; different herbicides (Pendimethalin, dual gold and fenxaprop-p-ethyl), mulches (Black polythene, white polythene and available weed biomass) and allelopathic weed extracts (Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav., Convolvulus arvensis L. and Lathyrus sp.) compared with control treatment. The study parameters include; weed density (m-2) before and after application, fresh and dry weight (m-2) of A. tenuifolius Cav., plant height...

Afsheen Khattak1, Shahida Naveed1*, Naila Khalid1, Inayat Ullah Khan2 and Tamana Bakht

...e Design (RCD) with four treatments and one control were used in the experiment. Data was recorded for seed germination rate (%), shoot length (cm), radical length (cm), fresh biomass weight (g), dry weight (g), and moisture content (%) of wheat and maize seedling. Result revealed that V. encelioides extracts significantly affected all the growth variables of wheat and maize seeds. Results revealed that V. encelioides has prominent allelopathic potential again...
Zahir Muhammad1, Muhammad Zubair Anjum1*, Shamim Akhter1, Muhammad Irfan1, Saira Amin1, Yousaf Jamal1, Sharjeel khalid2 and Shakira Ghazanfar2
...ed to control. Probiotic treatments significantly (P<0.05) affected the morphometric parameters also. The highest TL (13.94±0.33cm), SL (11.74±0.33cm), DFL (2.14±0.14cm), HL (3.4±0.09cm), ED (0.89±0.02cm), PFL (3.34±0.09cm), PvFL (2.44±0.11cm), AFL (1.88±0.09cm), and CFL (2.23±0.11cm) were observed in T3 followed by T1, T2, and control. The study concluded that probiotics bacteria supplementatio...

Zain Ali1, Amjed Ali1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Muhammad Asif1, Adnan Ashraf1, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Iram Inayat2, Aneela Nijabat3 and Rameez Hussain3,4

...flower, tree were twelve treatments, each maize with sunflower as intercrop and only maize hybrids as solo crop. Outcome of research revealed that both of sunflower heads and maize plants have better combination for the silage production and the quality parameters like pH, moisture content, protein content, fat content and ash contents. The moisture contents of both the samples and combined silage had not much difference among them, but the protein content, fa...

Khanitta Pengmeesri1,2* Thassawan Somchan1 , Doungnapa Promket1,3 

...rwent analysis with four treatments: 10 weeks age of CBN (10CBN), 12 weeks age of CBN (12CBN), 10 weeks age of YWN (10YWT), and 12 weeks age of YWN (12YWT). Findings highlight distinctive shear force in breast meat across breeds, with YWN displaying higher levels. Younger chickens show more cooking loss in the breast. While thigh breed effects are absent, shear force fluctuates with age, higher in older birds. Meat quality between purebred and crossbred chicke...

Rana Mahmood Ahmad*, Orooba M.S. Ibrahim 

...ve can be anti-arthritis treatments and may be utilized as a substitute for medicines currently on the market. 

...

Nazia Suleman* and Asia Riaz 

...= 171.5 days) than other treatments including frozen aphids, frozen eggs of Angoumois grain moth and soaked raisins. Among all treatments, longevity was minimum on frozen aphids (Mean= 66.4 days) for seven spotted beetles. Similarly for zigzag beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus, the number of days the beetles survived was significantly higher on live aphids (Mean= 106.54 days) and was minimum on soaked raisins (Mean= 67.21 days...

Nusirat Aderinsola Sadiku1, Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi2* and Tesleem Taye  Bello

...ably with the carbofuran treatments. We concluded that BPL could serve as a very potent eco-friendly alternative to synthetic nematicides in managing M. incognita of lettuce.

...

Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3, Tariq Usman4, Bilques Bano5, Nazia Rubab6, Syed Tasadak Mehdi7, Muhammad Wasim Iqbal8, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar9, Hira Hameed10

...carried out pre and post treatments to analyze the anthelmintic activity. There was significant difference among the various treatment (p< 0.05) and on various days (p<0.05). The highest decrease in the egg per gram was depicted by levamisole; the reduction in EPG was 99.05% as compared to day zero (pre treatment), the lowest reduction of fecal egg per gram was revealed by CAE of neem, the reduction in eggs per gram was 11.25% as compare with day zero an...

Nguyen Huu Van1*, Nguyen Thi Mui1, Dinh Van Dung1, Van Ngoc Phong1, Tran Ngoc Long1, Le Tran Hoan1, Le Duc Thao1, Vo Thi Minh Tam1, Ngo Mau Dung1, Bui Van Loi1, Nguyen Xuan Ba1, Ton Nu Minh Thi2, Nishino Naoki2

... significantly higher in treatments 3.0% and 2.25% (161.3g/day and 117.1g/day, respectively). Concentrate supplement had significant effects on apparent digestibility of the animals where crude protein (CP) digestibility increased as concentrate level increased, whereas digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased. There were no significant differences in pH values, ammonia and VFA concentrations in rumen fluid between trea...

Milena Vlahovic*, Dragana Matic, Marija Mrdakovic, Larisa Ilijin, Anja Grcic, Aleksandra Filipovic, Jelica Lazarevic and Vesna Peric-Mataruga

...ay recovery from chronic treatments. PMM is also an indirect indicator of food consumption and was found to be significantly reduced compared to control in both acute effects and chronic treatment at 30 μg and its three-day recovery. The PMM reduction during acute treatments is a consequence of cadmium action, while in chronic treatment, the genetic factor (egg mass) plays a crucial role in the change of PMM. According to...

Oghenebrorhie M. Oghenochuko1,4*, Olubukola T. Adenubi3, Olusola L. Ajayi3, Fakilahyel M. Mshelbwala3, Johnny O. Olukunle3, Samson A. Rahman3 and Godfrey N.O. Ezeri2

...BC were increased in all treatments but values were higher in bath treatment for RBC (3.0×1012/L), PCV (32.7%), Hb (10.7%). MCV, MCH and MCHC showed similar trend. Similar trends as in RBC and WBC were observed in total proteins. Liver and kidney functionality as expressed by ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine and BUN exhibited no damaging effect on organs. Degenerations were observed in the hepatocytes and epithelia cells in the kidney in some

Franciscus Rudi Prasetyo Hantoro1,2,*, Dwi Sunarti1, Turrini Yudiarti1, Sri Sumarsih1, Rini Nurhayati2 

...ch were arranged in nine treatments and four replications. Treatment and data collection were carried out at the age of 29-70 days. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with a factorial Group Random Design. The results showed that stocking density and crude protein levels had no impact on the blood profile, number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coliforms in the cecum, weight of the bursa fabricius and spleen, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), number of Newcastle D...

Rizki Dwi Setiawan1, Zurmiati2, Wizna2, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli2, Ade Trisna3, Surya Aulia4 

...at. This study used five treatments, with four replicates for each treatment. Probiotic supplementation at four different concentrations (76 × 106, 69 × 108, 65 × 1010, and 53 × 1012 CFU/mL) was performed using drinking water. Probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant difference (P<0.05) in meat lightness (L*) from 35.21 (control) to 40.91 (treatment group) and water-holding capacity from 64.31% (control) to 72.70% (group t...

Montesqrit Montesqrit1*, Harnentis Harnentis1, Sepri Reski1, Fadhli Fajri2 

...mized design, with three treatments: A (basal diet + Zinc bacitracin), B (basal diet + 1% ROSE), and C (basal diet + 2% ROSE). Each treatment was replicated six times. The observed variables were the Escherichia coli count of the intestine and the performance of laying quails (feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion). The results showed that the inclusion of ROSE in the diet significantly (p<0.05) reduced the Escherichia ...

Turrini Yudiarti*, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Endang Widiastuti, Hanny Indrat Wahyuni, Tri Agus Sartono, Maulana Hamonangan Nasution

...an open cage. With three treatments, the study used a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of a dose of the fungus Monascus purpureus as a feed additive (FA). These included T0 (basal diet/control); T1 (basal diet supplemented with 0.5% FA); and T2 (basal diet supplemented with 1% FA). Each treatment was repeated five times with a total of ten chiks each pen. Feed additive was provided to chicks beginning 8...

Maria Endo Mahata1*, Yose Rizal1, Zurmiati1, Sepri Reski1, Indah Fitri Sakinah Limbong2, Dian Saputri2 

...orating four replacement treatments (0%, 6%, 12%, and 18%) of brown seaweed Sargassum crassifolium within the broiler diet. Each treatment was replicated five times. A total of 100-day-old chicks were used in the experiment and reared under standard conditions. The results showed that inclusion of brown seaweed Sargassum crassifolium up to 18% in broiler diet did not affect (p>0.05) daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, live weight, c...

Khamiss l , Omaima; El Helaly , Alexandra and Abol Ela 3, Said

...s in the presence of PEG treatments which demonstrate that PEG has affected the penneability of cells to the NPV infection and enhances the viral replication.

...

Rabia Anjum

... quest for more targeted treatments that address the fundamental causes of this multifactorial neurodegenerative disease.
...

El.-Kadyl, M.A.S; Badr2, A.B.; zein3, Saiwa N. and Khalifa4, M.A.A.

...0.1, respectively in the treatments inoculated one hr. after sprays. Six different chemical compounds applied as foliar sprays with two concentrations for each were used to study their effect on the percentage of virus infection in pepper treated plants: Actellic application gave superior results (46.7%) in decreasing the infection percentage followed by either Sumithion or K.Z. oil (55.0%), whereas Potassium Soap spray gave infection percentage of 60.0% follo...

Sabry Y. M. Mahmoud; Maher H. Hosseny and Mamdouh H. Abdel-Ghaffar

...ly test before and after treatments The two cycles of thermotherapy at approximately 370C, during 40 and 30 days, resulted in 33.3 and 14.2% PVY elimination, respectively. Thus, these results indicated that thermotherapy is moderately efficient for viral eradication. Chemotherapy was undertaken with 20 mg Ribavirin (RBV); it is showed the medium rate of virus elimination (30.0 - 42.9% virus-free plantlets) when added to the tissue culture media. Several stems ...

Maria Kikelomo Adegun1*, Femi Godwin Ekundayo1, David Daisi Ajayi2 

...domly assigned into four treatments (T1, T2, T3, and T4) in a ten-week trial. The rams assigned to T2, T3, and T4 were fed 90% UTCP+10% GSF, 80% UTCP+20% GSF, and 70% UTCP+30% GSF, in that order while T1 served as the control group. The data did not show a statistically significant difference (p>0.05) among any of the treatments in feed intake. The experimental animals’ final body weight was significantly low in T1 ...

Anak Agung Ayu Sri Trisnadewi*, I Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra

...k design (RBD) with four treatments and each treatment was repeated four times, so there were 16 experimental units. The four treatments were: A = silage with 0% corn straw silage + 60% elephant grass silage + 40% concentrate; B = 20% corn straw silage + 40% elephant grass silage + 40% concentrate; C = 40% corn straw silage + 20% elephant grass silage + 40% concentrate; D = 60% corn straw silage + 0% elephant grass silage + ...

Nguyen Binh Truong1,2*, Ho Xuan Nghiep1,2, Tran Trung Tuan1,2

...(3.42%) and BrCa (3.40%) treatments tended to high compared to the MaCa (3.29%) and MaWh (3.08%) treatments. The organic matter digestibility (%) of BrCa was not different (P>0.05) with MaWh and BrWh but it was higher (P<0.05) than MaCa (76.0, 74.9, 74.0 and 71.2, respectively). However, nitrogen retention (g/animal/day) was different (P<0.05) among treatments. It was 8.84, 7.56, ...

Firda Dimawarnita1*, Edwina Gabriela Tesalonika Mustamu2, Yora Faramitha1, Haryo Tejo Prakoso1, Wildan Aulia Noorsy1, Komang Gede Wiryawan2

...umenal fermentation. The treatments were raw EFB (P0) and delignified EFB (P1). We evaluated rumen pH, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia concentration (NH3), dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude fiber digestibility (CFD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), methane gas production, fulvic acid content, and bacterial population. The results indicated that the treatment did not have a significant effect on DMD, OMD, pH, NH3 concentration, methane gas, an...

M. Tariq Mushtaq1, Faisal Manzoor1, M. Ishtiaq1*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Muqarrab Ali2, M. Akram3, M. Rafiq Shahid3 and Saleem Riaz1

...e as compared to control treatments even at half doses. So, these insecticides could be applied in rotation with each other to reduce insecticides resistance and combined attack of whitefly and jassid. However, it is recommended that integrated pest management approach using different control tactics for conservation of natural enemies, use of yellow sticky traps, botanicals, use of selective insecticides when needed could be the best strategy to overcome inse...

Ahmed Kadhim Munahi1* , Hameed A. Al-Timmemi2 

...ty of spinal cord injury treatments are ineffective. The current study is aimed to apply chitosan nanoparticles on spinal cord regeneration in dogs. For this objective, sixteen healthy mongrel dogs were used. They were divided into two equal groups (n=8) at random. All dogs underwent dorsal laminectomy and left lateral hemisection at the level of the second lumbar vertebra. In the control group, the hemisections were treated with 0.2 mL of phosphate buffer sal...

Rahmat Rahmat1, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Herdis Herdis3, Athhar Manabi Diansyah2, Hasrin Hasrin4 

...men collection and using treatments; T1 = Medium concentration of 10% and 30%, T2 = Medium concentration of 15% and 45%, T3 = Medium concentration of 20% and 60%. Parameters measured in this study were motility, viability, abnormality, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, movement pattern and proportion of spermatozoa. The data obtained were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A Descriptive Statistical test used to analyze the proportion of...

Ram Prasad Ghimire

...k Design (RCBD) with six treatments and five replications on native hill goats of Nepal. The fodders of popular five browse species from the pasturelands of Nepali middle hills; Dhayero (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz), Musure katus (Castanopsis tribuloides (Sm.) Lindl.)), Bamboo (Bamboosa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd.), Titepati (Artemisia vulgaris Willd.) and Sal ((Shorea robusta Roth.) and a mixed fodder were used as the treatments

Nurul Fajeriana1*, Akhmad Ali1 and Retno Puspa Rini2

...slope and featured three treatments, i.e., N0 (plots with soil loosening only), N1 (erosion plots with contour-aligned soil bunds), and N2 (erosion plots with bench terraces along the contour). All plots were planted with kale (Ipomoea aquatica) as ground cover. According to the research findings, soil management on sloping land is best achieved through a conservation approach involving contour-aligned planting and the creation of bench terraces, which can red...

Mathew O. Ayoola1*, Kayode Sasona1, Oluwakamisi F Akinmoladun2, Tolulope O. Faniyi3, Abel O. Oguntunji1, Tunde E. Lawal1

... (p>0.05) affected by treatments. Rabbit carcass weight (kg) and dressing-out percentage (%) were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the main and interactive effect of housing with feeding systems. Overall, H3 and F3 had the best growth performance, carcass characteristics and physiological response (p<0.05) as compared to other treatment groups. The interaction effects revealed that the combination of H3 x F3 had the best performance (p<0.05) as c...

Budianto Panjaitan1, Husnurrizal Husnurrizal2, V.Y. Edward3, D.A. Nishcaya3, Teuku Armansyah4, Tongku Nizwan Siregar2, Mulyadi Adam5, Arman Sayuti1, Amalia Sutriana4, Hafizuddin Hafizuddin2*

...dy and allotted into two treatments. In treatment 1 (P1), the bull received 25.0 mg PGF2α (Lutalyse™, dinoprost, tromethamine) 1 hour before semen collection, while in treatment 2 (P2), the semen collection was carried out 2 hours after PGF2α administration. The treatment was performed five times in alternate weeks. Semen collection was performed using an artificial vagina once a week for ten weeks. Testosterone concentrations were analyzed u...

Theresia Nur Indah Koni*, Yeria Banoet, Welhelmina Wahon, Cytske Sabuna, Melkianus Dedimus Same Randu, Yanse Yane Rumlaklak, Tri Anggarini Yuniwati Foenay

... levels. There were four treatments and five replications. Treatments were FBP0: diet without fermented banana peels, FBP1: diet with 10% fermented banana peels, FBP2: diet with 20% fermented banana peels, and FBP3: diet with 30% fermented banana peels. The parameters were nutrient content, feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Data on nutrient content of fermented and unfermented banana peels were analyz...

Nasir Shah1,4, Muhammad Ibrahim1*, Zarnosh Habib2, Kalsoom3 and Zahir Shah4

...s was subjected to these treatments, while on the other hand chikoo fruits which were used for flies to settle on, were dipped in same concentrations of these plant extracts, and dried under shade and exposed to peach fruit flies for feeding for 15 days. All the three plants exhibited insect repelling potential but these had no significant difference from each other, while A. indica showing nonsignificant but most promising results. Similarly, there was no sig...

Faramin Javandel Soum Sarai1, Mir Daryoush Shakouri2* and Alireza Seidavi3*

...control (P<0.05). The treatments reduced the abdominal fat (P<0.05) and had no effect on the other carcass traits. Relative weight of immune organs was significantly increased by the dietary treatments (P<0.05). The supplements caused a significant increase in total protein and a decrease in glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol concentrations (P<0.05). All supplements significantly decrease mean corpus...

Limbang Kustiawan Nuswantara, Eko Pangestu, Marry Christiyanto, Santoso Dwi Pratomo, Elyza Zahrotul Muhtaromah

...isting of 4 groups and 4 treatments. The treatment applied was a balance of feed in the form of forage elephant grass with different levels concentrat of 25, 50 and 75%, and control treatment in the form of rations that are usually given by farmers. The parameters observed were Dry Matter digestibility (DMD), Organic Matter digestibility (OMD) and Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN). The results showed that giving treatment feed in the form of the addition of conc...

Nguyen Binh Truong1,3*, Nguyen Ba Trung1,3, Nguyen Thi Bich Hạnh2,3

..., NDF47, NDF51 and NDF55 treatments. Dry matter intake per body weight of NDF43 (2.40%) treatments tended to (P>0.05) high compared to the NDF47 (2.20%), NDF51 (2.22%) and NDF55 (2.16%) treatments. Total metabolism energy inclined to decrease (P>0.05) from NDF43 to NDF55 treatments. It was 42.8, 38.4, 35.5 and 35.6 MJ/cattle/day (NDF43, NDF47, NDF5...
Pratap A. Divekar1,2*, Sampat K Patel2, Guru Pirasanna Pandi G3, Manimurugan C2,4, Vikas Singh2 and Jagdish Singh1
...were also the found best treatments in controlling DBM and CB. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed in any treatment after spray application. Chlorpyriphos, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and flubendiamide were found adverse to natural enemies. Thus, spinetoram, spinosad, emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole are recommended to manage DBM and CB on rotational basis in the cabbage ecosystem.

...

Muhammad Yasin1, Azhar Abbas Khan2*, Sana Rubab2 and Sumaira Maqsood3

...cantly lower in combined treatments of B. bassiana and DE at highest dose rate for both insect species, while highest was recorded at low dose of B. bassiana.

...

Riaz Hussain1, Adnan Ihsan2*, Jawad Sarwar2, Nauman Ahmad2, Noor Ullah2, Arbab Luqman2, Muhammad Junaid2 and Hizer Ali2 

...e observed among all the treatments as compared to untreated plot. Results revealed that Flonicamid 50WG (0.3g/l) was significantly better in minimizing the whitefly population, followed by Diafenthiuron 50WP (0.6g/l), Diptrex (Trichlorofom) 80-SP at 1250 gm/ha, Thiamethoxam 25 WG (0.2g/l), Chinaberry (200g/l), Garlic (20g/l), and Neem oil (2% cont). Similarly, highest yield (1556.38 kg/ha) and cost benefit ratio (1:9) was observed in Flonicamid 50WG (0.3g/l) ...

Pankaj Gargotra1, Judith Betsy C1*, Cheryl Antony2 and Stephen Sampath Kumar J3

... brooder under different treatments were noted. Among the selected vitamins, incorporation of vitamin C at 150 mg /kg of diet resulted in maximum mean weight gain (2.51 ± 0.043 g), mean weight gain percentage (70.74 ± 1.219), mean DGR (0.16 ± 0.003) and mean SGR (3.13 ± 0.0037). Based on the histological observation, maximum maturity of L. thermalis was obtained when fed with diet incorporated with 200 mg/kg vitamin E. All the

Muhammad Usman1*, Muhammad Uzair Khalid2, Muhammad Hasnain3*, Muhammad Tauseef4, Ali Raza4, Muhammad Akram4, Muhammad Shahid4, Abrar Ahmad4, Muhammad Shoaib Ismail1, Rabia Afzal2, Atta-Ulla2 and Muhammad Hussnain Babar3

...conducted. Further, four treatments have been adopted like hydro priming, osmo-priming, on-farm priming, and control under different tillage operations just like zero tillage, conventional tillage, deep tillage, and bed sowing. Result showed that osmo-priming is the best method to increase the plant height (94.74cm), tillers (311.49 m-2), spike length (10.18cm), number of grains per spike (43.24), grain yield (4244.8kg ha-1), straw yield (8330.5kg ha-1) and Ha...

Tran Trung Tuan1,2, Nguyen Binh Truong1,2

...d as Latin Square with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The study composed of 4 periods. Each period lasted for 3 weeks with 2 weeks for adaptation, followed by 1 week for data collection of feed intake, faeces, and urine to determine the nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention. The goats were weighed on 3 consecutive days at the start and end day of each experimental period. Four treatments were supplied rice wine dis...

Suhad Mohmmed Alrobyrai1 , Falah Muosa Al-Rekabi2*

...g/kg.BW of APAP and oral treatments: G1 (distilled water, negative control), G2 (no treatment, positive control), G3 (Par+Tempol, 20 mg/kg.BW), G4 (Par+ALA, 20 mg/kg.BW), G5 (Par+Tempol+ALA, 10 mg/kg.BW each). Half animals were sacrificed after 30 days, the rest after one week of treatment withdrawal. Investigation included body weight, biochemical markers (ALT, GGT, PT, INR), and liver histopathology. After 30 days, G5 showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) incre...

Frennada Lu’fatul Azizah1, Osfar Sjofjan2*, Eko Widodo2

...domized design with five treatments and four replications was employed, involving eight broiler chickens per treatment per replication. The feed treatments were formulated as follows: T0 (basal feed), T1 (basal feed + 0.5% bacitracin), T2 (basal feed + 0.5% BSF larval oil), T3 (basal feed + 0.5% BSF pre-pupal oil), T4 (basal feed + 0.5% BSF pupal oil). The data were collected and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). ...

Diding Latipudin*, Chitra Kumalasari, Lovita Adriani

...andomly assigned to five treatments and four replications using Completely Randomized Design. Dried probiotics   used cow’s milk, soybean milk, and mung bean milk in combination with the oven-dry method. Dried probiotics can protect kidney cells from stress and free radicals in late-phase laying hens, which can be demonstrated by normal levels of creatinine, uric acid, and urea, thereby increasing productivity. The treatment consists T0: basal ...

Sara Brikat, Mouloud Lamtai*, Miloud Chakit, Laila Ibouzine-Dine, Ilhame Fitah, Oumaima Abouyaala, Abdelhalem Mesfioui, Aboubaker El Hessni

...our results suggest that treatments with Curc and/or Los could serve as possible therapeutic agents for memory impairment and OS provoked by HFD.
 
Keywords | Curcuma longa, Losartan, Memory, High caloric diet, Wistar rats
...

Sepri Reski*, Maria Endo Mahata, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli

...domized design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of five levels of fermented T. murayana seaweed meal, i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%. We evaluated some measures such as egg weight, length, width, shape index, eggshell strength, thickness, and eggshell weight. The results indicated that the different levels of fermented T. murayana seaweed meal in the laying hen diet did not significantly affec...

Zaryab Murad1*, Sobia Bibi1, Shehr e Yar Ahmad1, Mohsin Ali Khan1, Rimsha Sadaf2, Mauz ul Haq1, Umair Manan1 and Muhammad Younas2

...d soil toxic metals. The treatments in the present research were followed as (1, 2, and 4% w/w  means 100g/10 kg soil, 200g/10 kg soil and 400g/10 kg soil) of biochar were thoroughly mixed in each specified pot before spiking and were kept at 30% field capacity for 7 days. The source of urea was used for N fertilizer and was applied in two split doses (@ 60:60 kg ha-1) directly after transplantation and after 4 weeks of transplantation while DAP source wa...

Sandriana J Nendissa1,2, Meta Mahendradatta3, Zainal3, Februadi Bastian3

...dy employed four control treatments (C0), treatment 1 (C1), treatment 2 (C2), and treatment 3 (C3) with sequential levels of Tomi-tomi fruit extract, namely 0, 1, 1.5, and 2% of the total weight of fish meatball. Data analysis revealed that the addition of Tomi-tomi fruit tannin extract concentration was effective in enhancing the quality of tuna fish balls. The results of the analysis of variance indicated a significant impact (p >0.05) of Tomi-tomi fruit ...

Shanti Fitriani*, Usman Pato, Yusmarini Yusuf, Emma Riftyan, Evy Rossi

...teriocins were used. The treatments in this study were the addition of the bacteriocin concentration, namely B1 (0%), B2 (0.15%), B3 (0.3%), B4 (0.45%), and B5 (0.6%). Samples were stored in a cold environment for different durations, such as 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA, and differences between treatments were analyzed using DNMRT at the 5% level. The result showed that the concentra...

KAFEEL AHMAD1, ROBINA KOKAB1, ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, ASMA ASHFAQ1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, MUDASRA MUNIR1, MUHAMMAD SHER2, KINZA WAJID1, HASFSA MEMONA3, MADIHA SANA3, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA4, MAHPARA SHEHZADI5, MUHAMMAD NADEEM6, TAHIR MAHMOOD QURESHI6, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD7, ABID IJAZ1, BUSHRA HUMA1, IFRA SALEEM MALIK1, KHALID NAWAZ8 ILKER UGULU9 &YUNUS DOGAN9

...t grains using different treatments of wastewater and ground water were determined in present pot experiment conducted in Sargodha, Pakistan. The current study also focused on the evaluation of bioconcentration factor and pollution load index of the contaminated soil. Most of the metals observed in wastewater were present above the permissible limit set by WWF. Cd concentration increased considerably under wastewater irrigation in soil and wheat grains. Zn sho...
Jaime Vera Chang1, Arianna Torres Coronel2, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Kerly Alvarado Vásquez2,3 and Frank Intriago Flor4*
 
...n was applied, with five treatments and four repetitions. giving a total of 20 study objects. To determine differences between treatments, Tukey’s multiple range test was used at 5% probability, the treatments were prepared from five experimental clones (T1-Testigo EET-103, T2-CCAT-46-57, T3-CCAT-46-75, T4-CCAT-46-88, T5-CCAT-49-98) said varieties were obtained from the Experimental ...

ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, KAFEEL AHMAD1, HAREEM SAFDAR1, KINZA WAJID1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, KHALID NAWAZ2, MAHPARA SHEHZADI3, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA4, MUDASRA MUNIR1, IFRASALEEM MALIK1, ASMA ASHFAQ1, HIRA MUQADDAS5, HAFSA MEMOONA6, MADIHA SANA6, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD7, SAIF UR REHMAN8 & TASAWAR ABBAS8

...own with different water treatments (sewage and tap water). The concentration of cadmium in water, root and forage samples was determined. Moreover, bioconcentration factor, pollution load index, daily intake of metals and health risk index were calculated. In tap water Cd value was 0.54 mg/L and in sewage water, it was 0.56 mg/L. In soil the calculated Cd value was lower than USEPA standards. The maximum Cd in root was calculated in winter forages (1.15 mg/kg...

ASMA ZAFAR*, MONIBA KHAWAR, MAHNOOR CHAUDHRY, SAYYEDA SANA BATOOL, AMJAD HUSSAIN** & MUSHTAQ AHMAD SALEEM

...d drug therapy but these treatments cause various side effects to the cancer patients, as they not only target cancer cells but also cause harm to normal body cells. At present some live bacteria, bacterial products, and bacterial proteins are used to treat cancer. One of the amazing bacterial protein azurin can work as an anti-cancerous agent which only target cancerous cells and do not cause any harm to healthy cells and thus minimize the risk of adverse sid...

ALIA NASEEM, *SUMERA IQBAL & KHAJISTA JABEEN

... (Cr) stress. The no. of treatments applied was 10 while 3 replicates were used for each treatment. For inducing Cr stress, K2Cr2O7 (potassium dichromate) solution of 50 mg/Kg concentration was applied to the soil. Cr treated and untreated soil samples were amended with compost and farmyard manure at 2.5 % and 5 %. It was demonstrated that in okra when compared with control, the sugar content and germination parameters were affected adversely by Cr application...

SYED SHAHID IMRAN BUKHARI1&2* & ZULFIQAR ALI 2

...d 16 patterns of steroid treatments. Only 39% of practitioners recommended corticosteroids for asthma symptoms persistence. Majority of practitioners were not well aware of the treatment options in spite of preventive therapy (prescription for long-acting β-2 agonists was 8%, inhaled corticosteroid was 6% and theophyllines 13%). In Lahore, practitioners did not follow guidelines regarding the management of asthma. There was found misconceptions regarding ...

ASUMAN ARSLAN DURU1*

...ens were not affected by treatments with the addition of GBL (P>0.05). Whereas GBL20 treatment reduced the yolk cholesterol level (P<0.05). GBL10 and GBL20 decreased egg shell thickness compared to control group (P<0.05). GBL10 increased albumen index compared to control group (P<0.05). As a result, 20 g/kg GBL was used in layer diets as a feed additive to reduce egg yolk cholesterol levels.

...

Aziz Ahmed1*, Anila Naz Soomro2, Muhammad Ramzan Ali1, Muhammad Aleem Khan1 and Hasina Basharat1

...design was CRD with four treatments and three replicates. Lab prepared (Activation media A and B), one commercially available (Activation media C) and freshwater served as control. After the pre-developed broods were selected based on maturity approaches and collected sperm samples were diluted in the ratio of 1:30 fold media and divided into different aliquots before applying them to in vitro fertilization. It was clear from the results of the current study t...

Sri Wahjuningsih1*, Ani Atul Arif1, Khaerudin2, Herlina Pratiwi3, Ardyah Ramadhina Irsanti Putri1

...aga chicken sperm on all treatments (P>0,01). Equilibration time of treatment for 2 hours was capable of preserving Plasma Membrane Integrity (PMI) and acrosomal integrity with a thawing temperature of 38 °C for 30 seconds or a 60 °C Thawing temperature for 5 seconds (P<0.01).
 
Keywords | Gaga chicken, Cryopreservation, Equilibration, Semen, Thawing
...

Deni Novia*, Indri Juliyarsi, Rizki Dwi Setiawan, Clara Mustika, Cindi Melani

...esign consisting of five treatments and four replicates. The egg tea was dried using a food dehydrator at 60°C for five different drying times (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h). The parameters evaluated were antioxidant activity, energy value, moisture, protein, fat, ash content, solubility, color (L*, a*, b*), and sensory evaluation of hedonic preferences and qualities. The results revealed that different drying times showed significant differences (P<0.05) in ant...

Ho Xuan Nghiep1,2, Nguyen Binh Truong1,2*

..., CMW25, CMW50 and CMW75 treatments. The neutral detergent fiber consumption tended to increase (P>0.05) from CMW0 (2.97 kg) to CMW75 treatments (3.22 kg). However, the metabolism energy of CMW25 was higher than (P>0.05) CMW0, CMW50 and CMW75 (57.9, 54.7, 52.7 and 52.2 MJ/animal/day, respectively). Both DM and OM digestibility were not significantly different in this study but CP and NDF were otherwise. The CMW0 treatm...

Jacob Situmeang1, Lovita Adriani1*, Deny Saefulhadjar1, Safri Ishmayana2

...d design (CRD) with five treatments and eight replications. The treatment consisted of T0: basal diet, T1: basal diet + 2% probiotic powder B1 (Bifidobacterium spp. and L. acidophilus), T2: basal diet + 3% probiotic powder B1, T3: basal diet + 2% probiotic powder B2 (L. bulgaricus, S. termophilus, L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum), and T4: basal ration + 3% probiotic powder B2. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with ...

Alyaa S.K. Al-Shammari1, Mozhir K.K. Almahdawi2*, Manar H. Allawi3, Abdul Sattar S.S.Al-Bayati2 

... to March 2023), and the treatments were continued until two months after parturition. The total leukocyte count and differential white blood cells in blood smears were determined through microscopic examination, while the CD8+ and CD4+ subsets of T lymphocytes were assessed using flow cytometry. A significant (P≤0.05) reduction in leukocyte counts was observed during the gestation period in all experimental groups. In the lactation period, there was a sign...

Putri Okta Shafura1, Mardiati Zain2*, Elihasridas2, Bima Bagaskara1, Ummi Amanah1, Laras Sukma Sucitra1, Bella Veliana Utami1, Roni Pazla2, Erpomen2, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Rusmana Wijaya Setia Ningrat2, Riris Delima Purba3, Ruslan Abdul Gopar3, Putut Suryo Negoro3

...d design comprising four treatments with four replications, with an incubation time of 48 hours. The ration was prepared based on a 50:50 composition of forage and concentrate, including P0 (Control), P1 (0.5% S. cerevisiae), P2 (0.3% sulfur), and P3 (0.5% S. cerevisiae + 0.3% sulfur). The Tilley and Terry in-vitro methods were utilized to measure rumen characteristics, nutrient digestibility, protozoan population, microbial protein synthesis, and methane gas ...

Pham Tan Nha*, Le Thu Thuy

...assigned to five dietary treatments. The treatments named as following: CTL - control diet with fishmeal; LP20, LP40, LP60 and LP80 as replacing 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of fishmeal protein with larval protein (LP) in the control diet with four replications, each replication with 10 ducks (5 males and 5 females). The results showed that the weight gain of the LP20, LP40, and LP60 treatments w...

Muhammad Yusuf1*, Abd Latief Toleng1, Sahiruddin1, Masturi1, Hasrin1, Musdalifa Mansur2, Hendrikus Fatem3, Johan Koibur4

...roups based on different treatments of estrous synchronization. All heifers were examined for ovarian activities prior to synchronize the estrus then subjected to either Heasynch or Select Synch protocols. The results of this study showed that inactive ovaries of dairy heifers were relatively higher in comparison to both follicular and luteal phases (58% vs. 26% and 16%). After treating the heifers with either Heatsynch or Select-synch protocols for synchroniz...

Srisukmawati Zainudin1,3, Hartutik2, Edhy Sudjarwo2, Osfar Sjofjan2*

...randomized design with 3 treatments and 9 replications to examine the short chain fatty acid and omega content. Following this, a second experiment was conducted using 24 male Kampong Unggul Balitnak (KUB) local chickens, employing a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications. The feed treatments consisted of T0 (basal feed), T1 (basal feed with 10% fresh skipja...

Faheem Akbar1, Naveed Ahmed4*, Maria Mussarat1, Imtiaz Ahmed4, Dost Muhammad1, Toseef Ahmad2, Muhammad Afaq Akbar1, Shehryar Rafique3, Seemab Ali4, Sohail Aslam4, Basharat Hussain Shah4, Fayaz Ahmad4 and Muhammad Abbas Khan4

...nts in soil were more in treatments receiving higher levels of Sulfur and trichoderma but the total uptake was of sulphur and phosphorus were higher in treatments receiving 50.kg sulphur ha-1 along with 3.kg trichoderma ha-1. These results suggested that addition of trichoderma (3kg.ha-1) and sulfur (50kg.ha-1) seemed to be more effective in growth and yield contributing characteristics of onion and hence suggested for highe...

Mehwish Zafar1, Muhammad Shahzad1*, Muhammad Zubair Akram2, Quratulain3, Mehak Shehzad4 and Samreen Nazeer5*

...1 and 30dS m-1 NaCl salt treatments. The results revealed that better growth was noticed in line L30 and L24 under 15 and 30 dSm-1 NaCl Salt treatments as compared to other three lines. Whereas, minimum plant growth was noticed in genotype L9 and L81 under 15 and 30 dSm-1 NaCl salt treatments. Highest leaf area, chlorophyll contents, and protein contents were noted in all condition in line...
Muhammad Atif Raza1, Muhammad Tariq Javed2, Muhammad Fiaz1*, Muhammad Shakeel3, Muhammad Shahbaz Ul Haq2, Amna Kanwal2, Syeda Maryam Hussain1 and Muhammad Zubair Siddiqi4
...l positive (CP) and four treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4). Wheras challenge infection of Salmonella gallinarum was given on nineteen days of age to all experimental birds except of those in CN group. On 22nd day, infected birds in T1 were given Florfenicol antibiotic. Whereas infected birds in groups; T2, T3 and T4 were given concentration of nanoparticles zinc oxide and copper oxide at different rate; 25+10, 37.5+15 and 50+20 mg/kg/d, respectively. Collected da...

Javairia Shafi*, Kashifa Naghma Waheed, Zahid Sharif Mirza and Shaista Razaq

...y was observed among the treatments. There was no significant difference in apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter among treatments. Feed ADC (protein) with duckweed at 30% inclusion level was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to the other treatments. There was no significant difference in muscle composition of fish reared under the four trea...

Muhammad Adnan1*, Muhammad Nauman Khan2,3, Barkat Ullah2, Faisal Zaman2, Alevcan Kaplan4, Hubert O. Dossou-Yovo5, Sajid Ali Khan Bangash6, Sana Wahab7, Mehreen Ghazal8 and Muhammad Hassan Sarfraz9

... of plants under various treatments such as the stress of inorganic boric acid. In the experiment, the pots were filled with sandy loam soil (1 kg). The pots were pre-treated with boron as boric acid (H3BO3) only once before sowing, at the doses of 0 mg/kg (control), 3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, 9 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 18 mg/kg soil. The different concentrations of Boron (B) were prepared separately by taking a respective amount of boric acid. Pots without supple...
Mouhamed Zakiou Kolawole Adissa Raimi1, Ghulam Hussain2, Nousheen Zafeer3, Faheem Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan4, Anwar Ullah1, Imdad Kaleem1 and Asghar Shabbir1*
...was found that all three treatments efficiently induce remyelination. Interestingly, the mixture of honey and black seed was significantly more efficient than honey and black seed alone. Our data support the need of clinical trials for administration of N. sativa and honey in MS patients.

...

Muhammad Usman1, Majid S. Hashmi1, Ayaz Ahmad1*, Fawad Ahmad2 and Zahid Alam1

...°C. The investigated treatments included: Orange Drink (OD)0 (Juice: 15%, Sugar: 13%, Stevia: 0%, Sodium Benzoate: 0.1%, Water: 72%), OD1 (Juice: 15%, Sugar: 0%, Stevia: 0.065%, Sodium Benzoate: 0.1%, Water: 84.83%), OD2 (Juice: 15%, Sugar: 0%, Stevia: 0.070%, Sodium Benzoate: 0.1%, Water: 84.83%), and OD3 (Juice: 15%, Sugar: 0%, Stevia: 0.075%, Sodium Benzoate: 0.1%, Water: 84.82%). These treatments were assessed over a...

Shahbaz Hussain1, Asif Ameen2*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar3, Atif Naeem1, Ahmad Jawad1, Madad Ali1, Muhammad Ather Nadeem3, Ghulam Abbas2, Muhammad Arif2, Muhammad Ahmad Zafar4, Zahid Hassan5

...ds. Among all the tested treatments, application of Puma Super at 92.66 g a.i. ha-1 furnished the highest number of tillers (137.3 in 2014 and 141.3 in 2015), grains panicle-1 (77 in 2014 and 79 in 2015), final paddy yield (1983.8 and 1570 kg ha-1 in 2014 and 2015, respectively), and net economic returns (Rs. 95915 ha-1), followed by the use of Puma Super at 46.33 g a.i. ha-1 which offered the next best economic benefits (Rs. 81906 ha-1). Thus, applying Puma S...

Umair Ahmad1*, Asad Sultan1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Tahir2

...assigned to four dietary treatments CON, N-CON, GPP1, and GPP2. CON a commercial corn-soybean meal-based diet as per ROSS-308 nutritional specifications. N-CON was a 6.5% PBM-based diet and to this group, a ginger-derived phyto-protease was added at two levels in treatments GPP1 (50 mg kg-1 feed) and GPP2 (100 mg kg-1 feed), respectively. Birds in group N-CON performed poorly for the performance traits like feed intake, weig...

Philip O. Akporhuarho1, Ufuoma Godstime Sorhue1*, Adimabua Mike Moemeka2, Onyinye Stella Onwumere-Idolor3, Jonathan Ujomu1, Emmanuel Abadah1, Jennfer Aaron1

...lotted into four dietary treatments. Treatments one (control) had no ACSM in the diet but was given routine antibiotics medication for broilers. Treatments two (T2), three (T3), and four (T4) had ACSM at 1%, 1.5%, and 2% inclusion levels. The experimental diet was fed for 8weeks; Daily feed intake and weekly body weight were collected, panelist were trained for sensory evaluation of meat, ...

Ndubuisi Chinedu Adikuru1*, Paul Inyang2, Abraham Agwu Ngwuta1, Chinyere Prisca Anyanwu1 and Rosemond Adaohuru Alagba1

...oecology of Nigeria. The treatments were ten (10) maize varieties (eight drought tolerant varieties, an improved hybrid adapted to the location and a landrace) and two planting years. The experiment conducted in the field was according to split-plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were established in three (3) replicates. The time to anthesis, time to silking, interval between anthesis and silki...

Saadatin Nurul Jannah1, Edhy Sudjarwo1, Osfar Sjofjan2*

...his study consisted of 9 treatments and 3 tests. The treatment used was T0(-): basal diet, T0(+): basal diet + antibiotic (zinc bacitracin 0.10%), T1: basal diet + 0.50 % garlic peel, T2: basal diet + 0.50 % shallot peel, T3: basal diet + 0.50 % onion peel, T4: basal diet + 0.25 % garlic peel and 0.25% shallot peel, T5: basal diet + 0.25 % garlic peel + 0,25% onion peel, T6: basal diet + 0.25% shallot peel + 0.25% onion peel, T7: basal diet + 0.17% garlic peel...

Muhammad Asif Iftikhar1, Talat Naseer Pasha2, Saima Inayat1, Khalid Javed3 and Rahman Ullah4*

...ity as compared to other treatments. Yoghurt made from Nili Ravi buffalo milk (To) were followed by T3, T4, T1 and T5 respectively. The Nili Ravi buffalo milk showed higher acceptability to the consumers.

...

Minh Thi Le Bui1, Thanh Minh Le2, Thuan Khanh Nguyen1*

... four replicates of five treatments. Chickens in treatment T1 were not supplemented with any powder in the basal diet. Chickens in treatment T2 were supplemented with chlortetracycline with 10 mg/kg feed. Chickens in treatment T3, T4, and T5 were supplemented with A. fistulosum L. powder with 5 g/kg, 10 g/kg, and 15 g/kg feed, respectively. The experiment lasted 14 weeks. All chickens were vaccinated against Newcastle Disease on days 7, 21, and 60. Sixteen blo...

M.J.Al-Saadi*, Jassim E.Q.Al-Musawi 

... stress accompanied with treatments of 3% and 5% peppermint leaves powder respectively in the diet. The experiment lasted for 35 days. Results revealed that the negative control group, as well as both the 3% and 5% mint-supplemented groups, exhibited significantly (P<0.05) higher feed intake, body weight, ALT, and AST levels compared to the positive control group, which showed significantly (P<0.05) lower levels. In contrast, the positive control group s...

Saad Parvaiz1, Khuram Mubeen1*, Mudassir Aziz1 and Tanveer-ul-Haq2

...eriment consisted of ten treatments viz: weeds free (whole season), horse
purslane free till 20 Days after emergence (DAE), horse purslane free till 40 DAE, horse
purslane free till 60 DAE, all weeds free 20 DAE, all weeds free 40 DAE, all weeds free 60
DAE, weedy check (all weeds), weedy check except horse purslane and weedy check
containing only horse purslane. The data showed the maximum yield and yield relate...

Rehan Habib1, Khuram Mubeen1, Ammar Matloob1 and Muhammad Baqir Hussain2

...
comprising of ten treatments i.e. Weed free (whole season), horse purslane free till 20 Days
after emergence (DAE), horse purslane free till 40 DAE, horse purslane free till 60 DAE, all
weeds free 20 DAE, all weeds free 40 DAE, all weeds free 60 DAE, Weedy check (except
horse purslane), weedy check (only horse purslane), weedy check (all weeds). According to
standard procedure data of growth and yield para...

Rahamdad Khan1, Abdul Basit, Syed Majid Rasheed* and Syed Salim Shah

...rded for control (water) treatments. However, among the tested extracts
the minimum germination (85.0 %) of maize varieties were achieved under P.
hysterophorus stem extract. Maize variety “Pharri” revealed highest sensitivity towards
allelopathic potential of different extract, giving minimum (87.5 %) germination. On the
other hand, the maize variety Babar showed strong resistance against all applied...
Mona Adel El-Wakeel1*, Salah El-Din Abd El-Ghany Ahmed, Sanaa Abd El Rahman Mohamed
and Nadia Khalil Messiha
...1). In the corresponding treatments PLP at the same sequenced rates were mixed with the
soil then sprayed with acetic acid 5% immediately. Moreover, sole spraying of acetic acid
5% treatment was sprayed on the soil surface. All treatments were applied before
transplanting directly. Results revealed that the maximum inhibition of both weeds in both
seasons (2018 and 2019) was re...
Iqra Munir1, Abdul Ghaffar2, Asad Aslam2, Muhammad Khuram Shahzad1 and
Muhammad Jafir3
...gn with four
treatments and three replications at the Research Area of Department of Entomology,
University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Treatments consisted of different
combinations of weeds and control group. Total 228 samples were collected and from these
samples 14 different taxons of soil arthropods were reported and from these taxa, mites
showed the h...

Mona Adel El-Wakeel1 and Ibrahim Mohamed El-Metwally1

...re conducted with twelve treatments. The first four
treatments were applied by incorporating of orange peels powder with the soil surface at
successive rates (10, 20, 30 and 40 g/pot) one week pre-sowing of common bean. In
the other corresponding four treatments, the orange peels powder was incorporated with
the s...
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Abdul Rehman1, Amjed Ali1,
Nasir Iqbal2, Qaisar Mumtaz1, Amir Javed1
... 8 herbicide
treatments including two pre-emergence herbicides (pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1,
pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1) which were applied immediately
after sowing and six post-emergence herbicides (oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1,
metribuzin at 518.7 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i. ha-1, acetochlor at 741
g a.i. ha-1, halosulfuron at 37 g a.i. ha-1and ...
Muhammad Bilal Niaz1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Khuram Mubeen1, Mahmood Alam Khan1
and Wazir Ahmed2
... three replications. The treatments were; horse
purslane free crop for whole season, horse purslane free crop for 30 days after sowing
(DAS), horse purslane free crop for 60 DAS, horse purslane and other weeds free crop for
whole season, horse purslane and other weeds free crop for 30 DAS, horse purslane and
other weeds free crop for 60 DAS, weedy check (horse purslane only), weedy check (all
weeds ex...
Luqman1, Zahid Hussain1, Mohammad Ilyas2, Azmat Ali Awan3, Javed Rahman 2,
Mazhar Ali2 and Tamana Bakht4
...ods in bitter gourd. The treatments comprised of four mulches (i.e. Rumex crispus,
Silybum marianum, newspaper as mulch, and saw-dust as mulch), a herbicide i.e. Stomp
330 EC (pendimethalin) applied as pre-emergence. For comparison of the treatments with
weed free and weedy conditions, a hand weeding and a weedy check (control) treatment
were also kept. Data were collected on w...

Salman Ali1*, Muhammad Arif1, Mehran Ali1, Muhammad Afzaal2, Gohar Saeed32, Muhammad Bilal4, Fazal Munsif1 and Sajjad Zaheer1

...omplete block design and treatments included biochar (0 and 10 tonnes ha-1) and three sources of P; FYM, PM and one DAP. Phosphorus at the rate of 100 kg ha-1 was applied in such a way that each plot received 50, 75 and 100% P from PM or FYM and the rest from DAP. Biochar and P sources significantly affected density, fresh and dry weight of weeds at 25 and 50 days after sowing of crop. 10 tonnes ha-1 biochar reduced weed density and fresh and dry weight of wee...
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1 , Bilal Ahmad Khan*1, Saima Anwar2, Ahsan Aziz1, Rizwan Maqbool3, Muhammad Kashif Sohail4, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid1, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1, Amir Aziz4

1Bakhtiar Gul1*, Muhammad Ibrahim and Haroon Khan

...
and herbicides as treatments, replicated thrice. Five fragments of fresh rhizomes with active
buds were placed in the soil in pots for investigating the effect of various water regimes on
sprouting of common reed. Sproutings were examined up to two months. While in the 2nd
experiment post emergence herbicides were applied to the re-sprouts to check the efficacy
of various herbicides against common reed man...
Imtiaz Khan,1 Muhammad Kabir, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Haroon Khan, Saima
Hashim and Muhammad Azim Khan
...ve differences among the treatments.
The sub-plot size measured as 1.5 X 3 m while row to row distance was kept 30 cm. Data
were recorded on weed density m-2, fresh and dry weed biomass (kg) , plant height (cm),
spike length (cm), leaf area (cm), number of tillers (m-2), number of grains spike-1, 1000
grain weight (g), biological yield (kg ha-1) and grain yield (kg ha-1), Harvest index (%).
These data...
Muhammad Saleem Chang*[1], Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro2, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi4, Jay Kumar Sootaher*3, Piar Ali Shar3, Kashif Ali Buriro2, Nadia Mangrio5, Zafarullah Channa3
 
 
... parameters having eight treatments with three replications. The data revealed that the maximum weed control (91.3%) was recorded under T7= Puma super 7.5% emulsifiable water at 0.625 liters ha-1, 50% reduced (30 Days after sowing) + Purple nutsedge water extract at 15 liters ha-1 (45 Day after sowing). The barley crop’s results revealed that maximum tillers (355.6 m-2), plant height (106.3 cm), spike length (1...

Makruf Arif1, Asmarani Kusumawati2*, Kurniawan Dwi Prihantoko3, Agustina Dwi Wijayanti4, Sri Gustari2 

...der using five different treatments: LREY without antioxidant as control (LREY0), LREY supplemented with genistein at 5 µM (LREY5), genistein at 10 µM (LREY10), glutathione at 0.2 mM (LREY2), and glutathione at 0.4 mM (LREY4). The semen was evaluated after dilution, equilibration, and thawing. The evaluation criteria included sperm motility, recovery rate, viability, membrane integrity, and DNA fragmentation. In the post-dilution and post-equilibra...

Nittaya Thongtip1, Sukanya Poolthajit1, Sirikhan Thartrak1, Qiongxian Yan2, Suntorn Wittayakun1* 

...g BW (RAZC). All dietary treatments were provided in gelatin hard capsules prepared for each treatment except the control. All animals were individually fed roughage to concentrate at a ratio of 30 to 70 daily. The experiment consisted of four consecutive periods, with the first 14 d for dietary adaptation and the last 6 d for data collection each, and lasted for 80 days of overall trial. Results indicated that all supplementations did not affect feed and nutr...

Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi1*, Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1, Mona M.S. Zayed3, Entesar H. Taha2 and Nora R.A. Saleh1

...fy;">Sole and consortium treatments of four isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf1, Pf2, Pf9 and Pf10) with arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Ne) on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) were evaluated. In general, the combined treatments by AMF and Pf isolates decreased significantly (P≤0.05) root-knot nematode as indicated by numbers of egg masses, eggs and galls per root s...

Nabeel Akhtar1, Owais Iqbal1,2*, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani1, Rehana Naz Syed1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1

...over, the ten fungicidal treatments were considerably effective against V. albo-atrum, with Moncut and Shincar being the most effective at all concentrations. This was followed by Evito (86.66%), Kocide (80%), and Systhane (79.94%) at 1000 ppm. While Topsin M and Systhane caused the slightest inhibition, i.e., 17.52% and 10% at 200 ppm. The chemicals demonstrated an escalating inhibitory trend as the concentration increased further.

...

Suparada Saphaphan, K. Teepalak Rangubhet, Phongthorn Kongmun*

...oduction technique. Four treatments, Pangola grass hay (PH), rice straw (RS), MSGBTRS, and 3.5% urea-treated rice straw (UTRS), were mixed thoroughly with the concentrated feed ingredients to make TMR at a ratio of 60:40. Treatments were assigned in a completely randomized design. Results showed that cumulative gas production at 72 h was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the MSGBTRS treatment, while PH exhibited the lowest...

Nguyen Thuy Linh, Nguyen Hoang Qui*

...d were allotted to three treatments with 24 chickens per treatment using a completely randomized design to determine the effect of replacing fish meal (FM) by Hermetia illucens larva meal (HIM) in the diet on growth and health of broilers with three treatments of a 15% replacement of FM by HIM, a 30% of FM replacement by HIM and control treatment without replacement of HIM for FM. The results showed that 30% of HIM replaceme...

Mthi S. 1,2, Ikusika O.O.1*, Washaya S.3, Mpendulo C.T.1, Nowers C.B.2 

...signed to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: 0% DME (T1), 2% DME (T2), 5% DME (T3), 10% DME (T4) of dry matter(DM) and twelve animals were used per treatment. Animals were allowed to graze at a Kikuyu pasture and were supplemented with lamb diet at 1.5% of body weight. Bodyweight was measured weekly, while faecal samples were collected every fortnight. Faecal egg count was performed using the McMaster and modified Stoll methods, while body weight was measured using an...
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1, Muhammad Afzal1, Liu Yu Feng2
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Hina Safdar3, Arif Mehmood1, Shahid Iqbal4 and Muhammad Adnan1
...most effective microbial treatments exhibiting minimum LC50 (3.78 × 103 OB mL-1 and 1.22 × 107 spores mL-1, respectively) and LT50 (3.83 and 3.71 days, respectively) values. While flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram exerted most significant lethal and sublethal effects on S. litura with minimum LT50 values (i.e. 19.58, 30.78 and 26.25 h, respectively). Larval development time was significantly prolonged by both half and one-fourth dos...
MUHAMMAD ILYAS,IJAZ AHMAD KHAN,Imtiaz Khan,MUHAMMAD ISHFAQ KHAN,Zahid Hussain,LUQMAN,FARHAT UN NISA SHEHZAD,Muhammad Ashfaq Khan,Bushra Khan

Majeed Ajafar1, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory1*, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2

...sed significantly in all treatments compared to treatment T2. When injected at 18 days of age of the embryos, there was a significant (P < 0.01) improvement for G6 groups in the hatching rate and embryonic mortality rate. Additionally, all LPL injection groups showed significant improvements in the weight of hatched chicks, activity, and leg length compared with the control groups. In the chicks’ length, chick activity increased significantly (P < ...

Muhammad Choirur Roziqin1, Muhammad Halim Natsir2*, Osfar Sjofjan2

...randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications to examine the internal organs, growth performances, and carcase percentage. Following this, a second experiment was conducted using 200 Day Old Chick (DOC) broiler chickens with MB 202 type unsexed with an average body weight of 45.03 g with a diversity coefficient of 7.35%, employing a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The feed

Putri Islamiati1, Muhammad Fathin Hanif2, Joko Sujiwo1,3, Adi Nugroho4, Bambang Ariyadi1*

...randomly assigned to two treatments: ad libitum feeding (AF) and restriction feeding (RF). Restricted feeding is carried out by fasting method once a week after the brooding period at 10, 17, 24, and 31 d. Each treatment was replicated in 15 groups (each replicate consisted of 8 broilers). Data collected during the study were broiler growth performance, carcass traits, relative weight of digestive and immune organs, blood hematology, and intestinal histomorpho...

Roshan Ara1, Muhammad Ali Khanzada1, Amir Khan Korai1*, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi, Anam Mehwish Khanzada1, Khalid Hussain Qureshi1, Shakal Khan Korai2*

...re effecctive, with some treatments completely removing nematode presence in roots and soil. Actara (500 ppm, 1000 ppm, and 2000 ppm), Furadan (50 ppm to 2000 ppm), Ulala (1000 ppm and 2000 ppm), and Rugby (250 ppm to 2000 ppm) treatments completely inhibited root knot formation. Furadan at 2000 ppm produced the longest roots, whereas Actara at 2000 ppm produced the most shoot length and weight. In conclusion, the study high...
Muhammad Tahir Laeeq and Muhammad Asif Aziz
... was found among all the treatments. However, soil, sand and farm yard manure mixtures (4:3:2) showed significantly better height growth than mixtures, of 3:2:2 and 2:2:1. No significant difference among four sizes of polythene tubes regarding survival of neem seedlings was observed. However, the tube size of 20.3 x 10.2 cm produced the highest height growth (18.9 cm) which was significantly better than the height growth in tube size of 17.8 x 10.6 cm and 16.5...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim and Sohail Sikander
...ses in different disease treatments. The study was conducted to elaborate the performance of morpho-anatomical characters of Linum usitatissimum to diverse habitat conditions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Five years cultivation data of Linum usitatisimum is analyzed with the objective to find best habitat for the growth and maximum yield of Linum usitatisimum and also to give farmer an easy way to get maximum benefit of his land resources during ...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim1, Yahya Karamat2, Muhammad Shabbir Mughal3 and Imtiaz Hussain4
...ses in different disease treatments. The study was conducted to increase the production of Nigella sativa by applying the NP fertilizer. This study was carried with objective to find the optimum doze of NP fertilizer for the growth and maximum yield of Nigella sativa and also to give farmer an easy way to get maximum benefit of his land resources during the rabbi season as compared to the other crops like maize. The study revealed that Nigella sativa...
Waqar Ahmad, Zahid Ali, Muhammad Rafique and Tariq Mahmood
...aluate the effect of two treatments "partial shade (T1) " and "no shade (T2)" on Albizia lebbeck during nursery stage, in research nursery of Punjab Forestry Research Institute, Faisalabad. Albizia lebbeck is a deciduous light demander tree which needs no shade at nursery stage. Diameter at root collar (DRC) and height was in-significant under partial shade and no shade treatments during the cou...
Tahir Laeeq1, Tariq Mahmood2 Mohammad Amin3 and Khurshid Alam4
...e was divided into three treatments i.e. gentle slope (0-30%), medium slope (30-60%), and steep slope (>60 %). A transect line of 100m length was laid along each treatment and replicated 5 times. On each transect line the infiltration rate (cm/hr) was determined with the help of double ring infiltrometer at mid point. Similarly for soil bulk density and soil moisture contents percent, undisturbed soil samples were collected using Galvanized iron sampler of 6cm...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim, Muhammad Shabbir Mughal and Imtiaz Hussain
...nt distance of 15cm. The treatments are highly significant at 95% and 99% level of confidence. LSD at 5% shows that all the treatments are highly significant among themselves while the T1 (Daughter) corm is highly significant. Furthermore, it is recommended that the cultivation of Colchicum luteum should be done by one year old corm i.e., Daughter corm....
Muhammad Hamayoon Khan, Abid Farid, Muhammad Naeem and Fazal Syed
...icantly different in all treatments of neem seed extract but was significantly different from Ripcard where the emergence time was 9.75 days. Longevity and sex ratio was also non significantly different in all treatments of neem seed extract....
Sarfraz Ahmad, Sarwat N. Mirza and Muhammad Islam
...ll and broadcast seeding treatments for range improvement in highland Balochistan. Seeds of S. vermiculata germinated in both treatments with higher germination percentage in drill seeding. Apparently, no differences were observed for seedling survival and seedling establishment between drill and broadcast methods. The seedlings of S.vermiculata were able to survive and attain some growth under extreme drought ...
Shad K. Khalil, John G. Mexal, Abdur Rehman, A. Z. Khan and Iftikhar Hussain Khalil
... -1.8 MPa. In two other treatments, the seeds were aerated in distilled water for 1 day and refrigerated having 100% moisture content (MC) or reducing MC to 85% and then refrigerated for the above duration. Seeds were sown in the greenhouse in Ray-Leach tubes at Fabian Garcia Center, New Mexico State University, USA. Seed soaked in distilled water for more than 4 days failed to germinate. Seed refrigerated after 1 day soaking had increased total emergence, re...
Ghayyas Ahmad, Anwar Ali, Miskeen Ali and Irfan Akhtar
...rences between the three treatments as far as diameter growth was concerned. As regards the effect on height growth, no significant differences between the three treatments were observed. It is concluded that pruning of hybrid poplar may result in the production of good quality knot-free timber but it may reduce its volume considerably if the intensity of pruning is high....
Ajiboye, A. A.1, Ebofin, A. O.1, M. O. Atayese,2, M. O. Adedire3, D. A. Agboola1 and M. Kadiri1
...0-100%. The emery cloth treatments gave the best result. The proximate analysis of the seeds including the moisture content, dry matter, fibre content, crude protein content, crude fibre content, ash content and carbohydrate content were estimated. The seeds of P. Africana and D. guineensis contain moisture content (%) of 8.64 and 12.62, dry matter content (%) of 9.36 and 87.38; Iron (%) 4.57 and 8.85; crude protein (%) 78.00 and 21.61; crude...
J. Kayode and P. O. Tedela
...three different watering treatments. Though the rates of growth of the seedlings, their root lengths and the number of lateral roots produced improved with the frequency of watering, Statistical analyses at 5% level revealed that the different watering treatments had no significant effects on these growth parameters in different soil samples. Both the soil type and the frequency of watering affected the number of nodules. Th...
Mohammad Anis and Farooq Ahmed Dar
...rved among the families, treatments and their interactions. The results suggest that in hormonal control of dormancy, gibbere Uric acid plays a primary role in regulation of germination.

Keywords: Cedrus deodara, germination, gibberellic acid.

...
M. K. Hossain, B. M. Khan and B. Koirala
...e given eleven presowing treatments to study the germination and initial seedling growth in the nursery of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University. Bangladesh. The results revealed that seeds soaked in concentration H2SO4 for seven minutes followed by cold water washing (T5) provide the highest germination (51.33%). This was followed by 48% and 44% germination in seeds treated with concentration H2SO4 for five minutes (T4) a...
Altaf Hussain and Shams-ur-Rehman
...nces for rooting between treatments (F = 9.3) and seasons (F = 18.2). The observations on average root length / cutting (cm), average number of roots/cutting and average number of secondary roots were non-significant. The highest average root length/cutting (8.90 cm) was attained in October whereas maximum average number of roots/cutting (2.90) and maximum average number of secondary order roots (4.42 cm) were observed in March....
Naveed Ahmed and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...io-efficacy of different treatments viz., Karate 2.5 EC, Emmamectin Benzoate 1.9 EC, Confidor 20 SL,DDVP 80 EC and untreated check against the Walnut Stem borer, Aeolesthes sarta Solsky on Walnut trees. In all the treatments the borer holes were plugged with mud after treatment application while plain mud plastering was done in control. Results of the post-spray data recorded after 7 and 14 days revealed that all the...
Wali-ur-Rehman, Meher Nigar Ashiq and Siraj-ud-Din
...r than J-101 in both the treatments....
Syed Zainul Arifeen and Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry
...aracteristics. Different treatments namely; mix plantation with engineering techniques, mix plantation, pure chir pine plantation with engineering techniques and pure chir pine plantation with range land improvement practices were randomly applied to four sub-catchments, while the 5th one was kept untreated and open to grazing. Nine year's (1986-1995) average data showed that both the hydrologic response and sediment yield from the catchment treated wi...
G. A. Bajwa and G. Zimmermann
...bserved in all neem test treatments within 21 days. In the highest dose (8%) maximum mortality was recorded after 72 hours which may be due to contact action of neem oil formulation. On the other hand, the lower doses caused slow mortality in the beginning and progressed steadily, owing to growth regulating behavior of neem. The neem formulation at 6.4% and 8% were phototoxic to Prunus domestica....
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Shams-u-din Jalbani
... (Control no manure and treatments 75, 150 and 225 gm/ treatment) applied to soil in earthen pots (380 cm2) supplemented with 10 gm Urea fertilizer/pot as basal dose in all treatments and control. Results indicated that seed germination was insignificant affected and better plant growth and height was observed in all treatments. The grain yield was higher and significant ...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique
...tember, 1995. Three main treatments namely; one final cutting, two clipping and continuous (conventional) grazing were tested in 10 x 10 metres plots. Each plot was sub divided in 10 x 5 metres and chemical fertilized was applied in one sub-plot under each major treatment at the uniform single dose of NPK (1:2:2) at the rate of 100 Kg N, 200 Kg P and 200 Kg K. The experiment was twice replicated. The study has revealed that floristic composition of grass and ...
Sardar Mohammad Rafique
...ulk density. Three major treatments namely; one clipping (no grazing), two clippings (simulated rotational grazing) and conventional grazing (continuous seasonal grazing) were applied randomly in 3 plots of 10 x 10 meter size. Similarly, three sub- plots of 10 x 5 meters size were fertilized with single dose of NPK (1:2:2) at the rate of 100 kg N + 200 Kg P + 200 Kg K per ha in split plot design. Ten permanent sample plots of 1 x 1 meter size (Braun - Blanque...
M. Rafique Sardar
...) was highest of all the treatments. This indicated that seeded Cenchrus ciliaris is sensitive to repeated clippings. However, clippings at different intensities and frequencies in different seasons had variable results. Light fortnightly clippings in the spring gave the highest forage production of all other intensities and frequencies. Heavy monthly clippings in the summer yielded highest forage production while moderate 1/2 monthly clippings gave hig...
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
...house study. Defoliation treatments were implemented when plants were 32 weeks old; and consisted of: equally clipping (3-cm stubble height) plants in monoculture and mixture zero, one, two or three times at 4-week intervals (32, 36. and 40 weeks after emergence), and clipping (3-cm stubble height) one species in mixture zero, one, two or three times at 4-week intervals (32, 36 and 40 weeks after emergence) without clipping the associated species. The final ...
Raza-ul-Haq
...d seedlings. Vegetation treatments included cutting and killings with herbicide applications. Seedling age in relation to competition from other vegetation is important for the survival of seedlings. Total shrub (Viburnum) control and soil working improved survival (77% of 3 months old seedlings as compared to control (67%). The highest survival of 85-87% was achieved in the plots where herbs and shrubs were killed with herbicide. Heights of seedlings ...
Rash Khan and Faridullah Khan
...e covered and uncovered treatments respectively during the first growth year. No significant difference was observed in the growth during the 2nd and 3rd years in both the treatments. The plant height and fresh yield of the covered crop during the first year was high as compared to that uncovered crop due to high temperature under the polyethytene sheet It is also brought about early germination, whereas the low temp...
Mohammad Rafique Sardar
...otli, Thal. The lopping treatments were assigned randomly to the sample trees. The study showed that jand trees play an important role in protecting the soil and ground vegetation from harmful effects of prevailing harsh climatic condition in the Thal desert. Accordingly, more soil moisture and less soil erosion losses were found under unlopped trees. Similarly herbage production with better ground vegetal cover was also found beneath the unlopped tre...
M. Iqbal Ahmad and I. A. Hafiz
...arieties under different treatments of spacing fertilization and pollarding at the Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. It was found that density of planting in directly related to the mulberey leaf yield. The spacings of 1 x 1 meter was found optional for improved management and high yield of mulberry plantations. The application of 200 Kg N per hectare, if applied 50% after sprouting of plants in spring and 50% after 20 days of leaf plucking, increas...
Jaleel Ahmed Khan
...sorbed in almost all the treatments while the relative absorption of either of the elements was not affected in any specific way by the concentration level and the immersion time. Arsinic did not affect the movement of copper and or was possible to achieve the desired depth of penetration of the latter....
Hanif Gul, M.I. Chaudhry M. Farooq and Rahmatullah Jan
...xtractives and check (no treatments)....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
... country in 1969 but the treatments were not properly replicated and distributed. To find a possible answer to these questions this PL-480 study was started in Change Manga irrigated plantation in February, 1976....
Abdul Aziz Memon
...q> seeds under different treatments....
M. I. Sultani, Muhammad Banaras Bhatti, Sartaj and Anjum Amin
...udied with six different treatments of grass legume mixture during 1982.The green and dry matter yield was found significantly higher in monoculture pure form as compared to the other treatments throughout the growing period. Legume in the pure form as well as in mixture significantly increased the total soil nitrogen in soil. The increase in crude protein contents was associated with the increase of legume in the gras...
M. I. Shiekh, S. H. Bangash and S. Hasan Abbas
...affected by NPK combined treatments due to cumulative effect over the past three years. Moreover the foliar N content increased significantly at both the sites. ...
Wulf Killmann
...re) treated for pressure treatments, the material should be dried below fiber saturation point logs for power poles have to debarked and then dried under shelter at least 4months before treatment. Utilization: choose carefully timber of right density for the product envisaged....
M.I. Sheikh, Bashir Hussain Shah and Abdul Aleem
...However, out of the lour treatments, plastic aprons were significantly effective in improving the growth rate of both the species; stone pitching and grass mulch had rather negative effect on growth. ...
M.I. Sheikh and Abdul Aleem
...se but none of the three treatments had any effect on the younger plants. ...
M.I. Sheikh
...and 24 plants in all the treatments respectively. In the first three years of the study, inter-cropping was done with maize, barseem and wheat. Afterwards it was not possible to do agriculture due to increase in the size of the bamboo clumps except in the 6x6 m spacing where it was continued for one more year....
M. I. Shiekh and B. H. Shah
...icated that the painting treatments to the pitchers could out prove effective to increase the survival percentage and growth rate of both the tree species. ...
Parvez Khawaja, I.A. Hafiz and M. I. Chaudhry
...97.5% larvae in various treatments as against 50% natural mortality in check treatment. The method can safely be used against the pest on larges scale....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Raza-ul-Haq
...a (Ber). While major treatments were deep and shallow ploughing, minor treatments were (i) shallow planting with mulch, (ii) shallow planting without mulch, (iii) deep planting with mulch and (iv) weep planting without mulch in three replications. Size of the plot was 50 x 20 m. Out of this 3 subplots of 17 x 6.5 m were ploughed upto a depth of 45 centimeter and the other three upto the depth of 23 centimeter. As indicat...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Muhammad Rafique
...gs. Both major and minor treatments were found non-significant. However, seedlings placed in open showed better growth and form....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh, B.H. Shah and A. Aleem
... efficiency of different treatments of the catchment plots to induce maximum runoff. The results showed that mud plaster (soil + wheat straw ) was the effective and economical treatment for rain water harvesting as it induced on an average maximum runoff, 11.03 m3 per catchment plot, about 78.14% of total rainfall received by the catchment plot. The next better treatments are mudplaster (soil + cowdung). Polythen...
Adil Al-Kinany
...cted to seven pre-sowing treatments including hot and cold water, GA3 and P5. The pre-treated seeds were germinated on filter papers in the Jacobsen apparatus. From these, 60 seedlings per treatment (15 for each of the 4 replications) were randomly picked and transplanted stayed till the end of the experiment. The results of the study indicated that hot water treatment not only markedly increased the germination percentage but it also led to shortening the ger...
K.M. Siddiqui and Mohammad Pervez
...ecticidal and fungicidal treatments on germination of blue pine seed were determined for different seed sources of this species in these studies. It was observed that the viability of blue pine seed is significantly reduced within short period if it is stored at high temperature. Seed stored in dry cold or stratified condition retains its viability and maximum terminations per cant as well as speed of germination are obtained if the seed is stratified ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
... it turned out that acid treatments had not adversely affected the tree growth. Also no tree died due to acid treatment. ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ere put to miscellaneous treatments....
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...ectively, 72 hours after treatments while Barestan gave 70% and 80% mortality in 0.1% and concentrations as against a natural mortality of 23% to 33%. Nogas and Sodium Chloride were less effective....
Adil Al-Kinany
...f Iraq. The IBA and NAA treatments of the four experiments were laid in randomized complete block design, each treatments being replicated three times with 18-20 cuttings per replication. The results of the study showed that IBA up to 4000 ppm in mixture with NAA, highly significantly increased the survival percentage of the rooted cuttings of Populus alba, while IBA up to 200 ppm had a significant effect in t...
S. Rehman
...overed by the belts. All treatments increased yield significantly. Three and two rows were superior to one. Soil moisture in the 0-6 inch layer in plots protected by the belts was consistently higher than in the unprotected plots. ...
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Ashiq Ahmad
...equired 2 to 3 repeated treatments for complete control. Potassium cyanide applied to apples in cuts at the rate of one gram also proved very effective. Poison baits prepared with Zinc phosphide, sevin and Recumin were not eaten at all. ...
Raja Walayat Hussain and lshtiaq Ahmad Qazi
...r variations in the past treatments (3,9,12, 15)....
M. Hafeez and M. I. Sheikh
...sing them to a number of treatments such as time of planting, different rooting media, frequency of irrigation and position of cutting on the plant etc. and using clones like P. deltoids 63/51, 90/60, 69/55 and 18/62, P. euramericana CV-I-214 being the control. Indications in both the cases were that supported by adequate winter rains or artificial irrigation and an efficient planting schedule, February was the best month for pla...

Ari Firmansyah1, Lovita Adriani1*, Andi Mushawwir1, Novi Mayasari1, Denny Rusmana1, Safri Ishmayana2

...ed to seven experimental treatments and five replicates using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatments included T0: basal diet without probiotic yogurt (control); T1: diet and 2% liquid probiotic yogurt; T2: diet and 3% liquid probiotic yogurt; T3: diet and 4% liquid probiotic yogurt; T4: diet and 2% powdered probiotic yogurt; T5: diet and 3% powdered probiotic yogurt; T6: diet and 4% powdered probiotic yogurt. Suppl...

Danh Mo

... over 4 periods across 4 treatments. The treatments were dietary forage (50% Wedelia and 50% grass in DM)-to-concentrate (F:C) ratios of 4:0, 3:1, 2:2, and 1:3 (DM basis). The daily consumption of Wedelia by the goat varied considerably (P<0.05) between treatments (38.2-139 g DM, equivalent to 15-50% of the total DM intake), but there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in daily t...

Budi Santoso*, Bambang Tjahyono Hariadi, Marlyn Nelce Lekitoo

...d design experiment, six treatments (silage) were used: A, B, C, D, E, and F. Treatment A consisted of oil palm frond (40%), king grass (30%), cassava (10%), tofu waste (10%), molasses (7%), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant (3%), and cellulase 0 ml/kg. Treatment B comprised silage A + 3 ml cellulase/kg, while C used silage A + 6 ml cellulase/kg. Furthermore, treatment D consisted of palm frond (50%), king grass (20%), cassava (10%), tofu waste (10%), molas...

Javaria Sherani1*, Tehseen Ali Jilani2, Jalil Ahmad3, Rashid Jawad1, Shabana Nazeer4 and Muhammad Jan5 

...ere evaluated. Different treatments such as: T1: control; T2: (500 g NP + 300 g P2O5 plant-1), zinc sulphate spray (0.3%); T3: (500 g NPK+ 300 g P2O5 plant-1), zinc sulphate spray (0.5%); T4: (500 g NP + 300 g P2O5 plant-1), zinc sulphate spray (0.7%). Each cultivar shows a different response to the different amendments due to its genetic makeup. The morphological attributes showed good performance with the application of treatment T3 as compared to other

Abdul Aleem Memon1*, Inayatullah Rajpar2, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2, Javaid Ahmed Shah3 and Saima Kalsoom Babar2

...ree foliar K times (Kft) treatments (2% once at leaf development stage (LDS), 2% in two equal splits (1% at LDS and 1% inflorescence emergence stage (IES), and 2% in three equal splits (0.67% at LDS, 0.67% IES and 0.67% flower bud development stage (FS). Three repeats of treatments arranged in randomized complete block design. The Kfs affected growth related parameters, chlorophyll concentration, leaf K concentration, seed y...

Mohammad Umar* and Gohar Ayub

...2.67 %) than rest of the treatments. As for as irrigation level is concerned, irrigation at 35 % rate resulted in in early curd formation (66.44 days), maximum plant height (47.54 cm), leaves plant-1 (15.88), leaf weight (11.24 g), primary curd weight (344.48g), secondary curd weight (192.88 g), primary curd diameter (8.70cm), secondary curd diameter (7.69 cm), curds plant-1(8.50), yield (8.44 t ha-1) and survival (92.33 %) than rest of the

Hina Gul1, Amjad Usman1*, Karishma1 and Seema Zubair2

...nsisted of 8
treatments (neem extract, tobacco extract, garlic extract, datura extract, lantana extract,
eucalyptus extract, flonicamid (synthetic insecticide) and control followed RCB Design with 3
replications. Treatments were applied thrice after 15 days interval. Results revealed that
the three times application of the tested treatments s...

Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Iqbal1, Malik Muhammad Hashim2, Muhammad Saleem Jilani1, Mohammad Safdar Baloch3, Muhammad Sohail Khan1, Asif Latif1, Muhammad Amjad Nadim3, Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid4

...d using RCBD having five treatments and three replications. The treatments included different application times (pre-emergence application and application after 15, 30 and 45 days after emergence) of dual gold (S-metolachlor) and a control (weedy check). Data were recorded on fresh and dry weed biomasses (g m-2), number of leaves plant-1, leaf area plant-1 (cm2), leaf and root weights plant-1 (g), sucrose (%), TSS (%), root ...

Sumaira Abdul Raouf1, Nadia Jabeen1* and Sundus Akhtar1

...ly increased in negative treatments amended with only T. portulacastrum and decreased in positive treatments by using biological agent Pseudomonas sp. (PF-097). Protein content of V. mungo seedling was significantly increased in positive treatments as compared to negative treatments. These results showed that allelochemical stress of T. portulacastrum on...

Siti Fatonah*, Herman and Dewi Yuni Safitri

...ays. All aqueous extract treatments showed toxicity effects on weeds as indicated by the inhibition of germination and growth of P. conjugatum weed and B. alata weed. Mucuna bracteata extract was more effective than C. citratus extract. The mixed extract (C. citratus + M. bracteata) was more effective than the single extract. The highest percentage of germination and growth inhibition was found in the single extract of M. bracteata and mixed extract (M. bracte...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Jamshaid Iqbal2, Muneer Abbas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Tariq Javeed1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Irshad1, Muhammad Aslam1, Gul Rehman2 and Shahar Yar Ahsan1

...en for these trials. The treatments, whether applied alone or in various combinations, showed significant differences in efficacy when compared with each other. A combination of treatments viz., imidacloprid seed treatment+ installation of blue sticky traps and chlorfenapyr 360 SC @ 100ml/acre spray was observed to be the most successful against thrips and resulted in maximum yield 1970.1 kg/ha of mungbean. While imidaclopri...

Mariana Isti Dwiningsih1, I Ketut Suatha2 and I Ketut Puja3*

...omized design, with four treatments and six replications. In experiment 1, sample examined immediately after added extender, experiment 2, 3 and 4 were. The results of the study found that the average motility percentages for semen transported at 0 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours were 91.00% ± 0.89, 90.83% ± 0.75, 90.17% ± 0.75, and 89.83% ± 0.75, respectively. Similarly, the average viability percentages for the same transport ...

Muhammad Ramzan Ali1*, Hasina Basharat2, Aziz Ahmed1, Mubeen Fakhar1 and Aleem Khan1

...al design was CRD with 4 treatments having 3 replicates. Four experimental diets containing different levels of crude protein (CP: 40%, 35%, 30% and 25%) levels were prepared. The final weight of fish and weight gain was improved by increasing proteins levels in feed. The fish fed with the feed containing 25% CP level showed minimum weight gain (127.69 g), and followed by feed of 30% CP level (142.4 g), 35 % CP level (168.3 g) and 40 % CP level (173.4 g); alth...

Hafiz Ishtiaq Ahmad1, Jinlong Zhang1, Fuxun Luo1, Owais Iqbal2 and Yuying Wang1*

...domized design with nine treatments and each treatment have ten replications. The SPSS statistics software was used to analyses experimental data. In addition, the result of the current study revealed that the plant height, leaf length, leaf width and root number were significantly increased in the red, blue and white (RBW) composite treatment, while composite red, blue and yellow (RBY) subjected seedlings exhibited maximum leaf number, root length, and prolif...

Ayoola Mathew Oluwaseyi1*, Aderemi Foluke Abimbola1, Alikwe Philip2 , Tumgbulu Samuel2, Eniufuoma Augustina2 

... assigned to the dietary treatments each replicated thrice for eight weeks. Results revealed that average body weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were significantly (p<0.05) affected by ECLM while spleen and bursa of fabricius were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by ECLM feed additive. Measured serum total protein of the groups on ECLM were significantly (p<0.05) higher, while serum cholesterol were significantly (p&...

Hasina Basharat1, Muhammad Ramzan Ali2*, Aziz Ahmed2, Muhammad Zubair Anjum1 and Shamim Akhter1

...esign was CRD with three treatments (10,000, 15,000 and 20,000 fish/acre) and three replicates (9 earthen ponds of 0.04 ha). Fish was fed three time at rate of 4% of total wet fish body weight daily on sinking pellets containing 35% CP manufactured from locally available ingredients. Sampling on fortnightly basis was done from each pond using drag net (mesh size 3 cm) to record data on growth. At the end of the experiment total number of fish was counted from ...
Cristian Mendoza1*, Adriana Celi-Soto2, Ernesto Cañarte3 and George Cedeño-García2
...and damaged roots in the treatments with fruitless bunches and fiber at 180 days and with leaves at 90 days after beginning the treatments, while in absolute control, the larval population rose over time. The application of physical barriers reduced the incidence of root borer attacks by 40% compared to areas where these measures were not implemented. The pruned leaves placed on the plate proved to be a suitable alternative ...

Shoaib Zawar1, Muhammad Waqas Yonas1,2*, Muhammad Mujahid Akbar1 and Abeer Ahmad1

... wheat production. Among treatments, augmented furrow expressed consistently the higher grain yield (42.46%) compared to conventional broadcast method, which was due to its ability for plants to maintain optimum density per unit area, reduced intraspecific competition, and enhanced grain formation, leading to higher grain yield (5562.38 kg ha-1 in 2020-21 and 5220.22 kg ha-1 in 2021-22). Adapting an appropriate sowing method is crucial to maximize wheat produc...

Rhuan Chaves1, Diego Leal2, Ygor de Paula³, Andreia Vilas Boas4, Ana Toledo4, Sígfrid López-Ferrer5, Vinicius Cantarelli3, Cesar Garbossa2* 

...locks design, with three treatments and twelve replicates. Piglets were assigned to one of three treatments: Negative control (basal diet without choline chloride), Choline Chloride 60% (600 grams/ton supplementation), and Kolin Plus™ FC (20% choline chloride; Indukern, Brazil). Diets were formulated to meet or exceed nutritional requirements, and piglets had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the experimen...

Iman Hernaman1*, Budi Ayuningsih1, Diky Ramdani2, Romy Zamhir Islami1, Shelvia Octaviana1, Ina Aviana1, Galuh Rahayu1, Aldena Bina Salimah1, Urip Rosani1, Atun Budiman1, Muhammad Rifqi Ismiraj3

...d in differences between treatments (P <0.05). CSRHAC 2 gave the highest (P <0.05) ​​of DMD, OMD, N-NH3, and VFA among the treatments, namely 52.65±0.73%, 44.76±1.38 %, 2.68±0.10 mM, and 115.80 mM. Thus, it concluded that processing of corncobs with rice hull ash filtrate at concentrations of 0.20 w/v resulted in maximum decreased ADF and NDF and its use of 20% in rations yielded the best in vi...

Salman K.A.A1, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory3*

...t into four experimental treatments, 75 eggs each. Four treatments were used for the hatching egg treatments. They were as follows: T1: a 0.3 ml injection of NaCl, the T2, T3, and T4 treatments egg was treated with a 60, 80, and 100 ppm zinc-methionine solution, respectively. After that, 15 chicks from each treatment were selected and given a 48-hour fas...

Indah Nurfauziah1, Lovita Adriani1*, Rahmad Fani Ramadhan1, Andi Mushawwir1, Safri Ishmayana2

... Design (CRD) with three treatments and twelve replications. Treatment consisted of T0: basal feed (BS), T1: BS + 4% WSPE B1 yogurt (Bifidobacterium spp. and L. acidophilus), and T2: BS + 4% WSPE B2 yogurt (L. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus, L. acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium spp.). All data from the results of sample analysis have been analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), to determine the effect, and Duncan’s multiple range test has been used to d...

Istna Mangisah*, Lilik Krismiyanto, Vitus Dwi Yunianto Budi Ismadi, Mulyono Mulyono, Nyoman Suthama, Fajar Wahyono

...ized design procedure, 5 treatments, and 4 replications. The research ration was prepared with an EM content of 2900 kcal/kg and 18% crude protein. The treatments tested included T0: density of 5 ducks/m2 + basal ration, T1: density of 5 ducks/m2 + 0.25% ALM, T2: density of 5 ducks/m2 + 0.5% ALM, T3: density of 10 ducks/m2 + 0.25% ALM, T4: density of 10 ducks/m2 + 0.5% ALM. The parameters measured include intestinal bacteria...

Efi Rokana1, Iin Rohmatul Fatimah1, Brilian Desca Dianingtyas1, Niswatin Hasanah2, Wulandari3, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,3* 

... design (CRD) with three treatments and nine replications, the research examined dry matter intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency, and income over feed cost (IOFC). Results indicated that feeding with different types of forage did not significantly impact dry matter intake (P>0.05) but significantly affected body weight gain, feed conversion, feed efficiency (P<0.05), and IOFC (P<0.01). The ration formula containing corn plants (T2) emerged as the...

Salam N. Aritonang1*, Yulia Yellita1, Dwita Saningtias2, Eka Putri2, Rizqan1 

...esign consisting of four treatments: A (0% turmeric flour), B (0.015% turmeric flour), C (0.03% turmeric flour), and D (0.045% turmeric flour), added to the basal feed comprising field grass, king grass, and 2 kg of withered cassava leaf. The results showed that turmeric flour supplementation significantly increased (P<0.05) erythrocytes (4.8 - 6.51 x 106/mm3), hemoglobin (9.85 - 13.22 g/dl), hematocrit (25.82 - 33.32%), and leukocytes (8.55 - 11.17 x 103/m...

Muhammad Ardas Daruslam1, Muhammad Irfan Said2*, Nancy Lahay3

...istics compared to other treatments. Application of P1 for 15 minutes (T1) of fermentation time was able to reduce ammonia gas in laying hen feces by (9.77-36.90 ppm).
 
Keywords | Ammonia, Eco-enzyme, Laying hens, Vegetable waste
...
Shorouq Mohamed Omara1, Ibrahim Saad El-Shamaa1, Emad Abd-Elaziz Abd-Allah2, Assmaa Abd-Allah Fathy3, Essam-Eldin Tharwat4, Mohammed Hamdy Farouk5* and Ibrahim Mahmoud Abd El-Razek1*
..., 3 or, 4 mM LC). All LC treatments had higher COCs percentages at the metaphase II (MII) compared to the control group. The 2 Mmol LC treatment had the highest percentage of oocytes maturation rate at metaphase ΙΙ (47%) compared to the control group (33.3%). The same treatment had a higher percentage of cleaved embryos (75.4% vs 64.9%) and blastocyst rates (43,4% vs. 31,5%, respectively). Furthermore, the same 2 Mmol LC treatment had a lower apoptot...
Shawky M Aboelhadid1*, Abdel-Azeem S Abdel-Baki2, Khaled M Hassan3
Samar M Ibrahium4, Saleh Al-Quraishy5, Ahmed O Hassan6 and Asmaa A Kamel1
...GO alone or GN form. All treatments exhibited inhibition in the activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the house fly larvae 24h post application. In addition, all the treatments induced significant increase in the malondialdehyde activity. In conclusion, nanoemulsion tech and mixing GO+SO increased their insecticidal potency against house fly, C. pipiens and T. castenum. This is a useful method in the integrated pest man...

Marwa M. El-Deriny1,2*, Rania H. Wahdan1, Marwa S. Fouad3 and Dina S.S. Ibrahim1,2*

...ndividual or concomitant treatments with Trichoderma viride and some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on root knot nematode in eggplant.In greenhouse, a standard microbial fertilizer (NPK) and four microbial isolates involved Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma viride were tested and it was found thatthe dual treatments composed of NPK and Pseudomonas fluorescens or T. ...

Elly Roza, Yulia Yellita, Hilda Susanty, Rizqan 

... with the following feed treatments: P1 = basal forage + concentrate, P2 = P1 + cassava leaves (2 kg), P3 = P1 + sweet potato leaves (2 kg), P4 = P1 + Moringa leaves (2 kg). Parameters observed in this study were milk production, milk protein, milk fat, milk lactose, and Solid Nonfat. The results obtained in the study are as follows: milk production (2.00–3.60 kg/7% FCM), protein (2.27–3.42%), fat (5.86–7.97%), lactose (3.60–5.20%) and ...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Abou Bakar Siddique1*, M. Jahangir Shah1, Mumtaz Hussain1, Bashir Ahmad1, M. Bilal Zafar1, Maryam Hayat1, Shamsa Rasool1, Zainulabdeen1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza3, Malik Ibrar Yousaf2 and Usman Majeed1

...lasm contained following treatments including control (C0) chemical, in C1 (30 P+50 N), C2 (15 P+25 N), organic matter; M2 (Cow Dung 10 t/ha) M1 (Cow Dung 20 t/ha), and integrated 1N2 C1 (5 P+10 N+10 Cow dung t/ha) and 1N1 (C1 10 P+20+N+20 Cow dung t/ha) were tested. The plot design was adopted RCBD (Randomize complete block design) with single row method for sowing with three replications. SL (Spike length) is non-significant and has negative effect with DFI ...

A 90-day feeding trial was designated to evaluate how canola meal (CM)-based diet supplemented with phytase (PHY) and citric acid (CA) affects whole-body composition and hematological parameters in Cirrhinus mrigala and Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. Sixteen experimental diets (T1─T16) with varied CA (0 and 2.5%) and PHY (0 and 750 FTU/kg) levels were prepared. The fingerlings were fed at the rate of 5.0% of live fish body mass. Fifteen fish were randomly stocked into triplicate tanks for each of sixteen test diets. Significant (p<0.05) increase in crude protein (CP) and crude fat (CF) was noticed in fish fed T12 (2.5% CA and 750 FTU/kg PHY) diets. Comparison of treatments showed maximum values of RBCs (3.57×106 mm-3 and 3.18×106 mm-3), PLT (83.32 and 80.35), Hb (8.92g/100ml and 8.62g/100ml) and PCV (29.07% and 30.07%) in C. mrigala and C. carpio fingerlings, respectively, when fed with T12 diets. Conclusively, a 50% CM-based diet with 2.5% CA and 750 FTU/kg PHY supplementation, performed better in terms of whole-body composition and hematological parameters in C. mrigala and C. carpio fingerlings.

...HY) diets. Comparison of treatments showed maximum values of RBCs (3.57×106 mm-3 and 3.18×106 mm-3), PLT (83.32 and 80.35), Hb (8.92g/100ml and 8.62g/100ml) and PCV (29.07% and 30.07%) in C. mrigala and C. carpio fingerlings, respectively, when fed with T12 diets. Conclusively, a 50% CM-based diet with 2.5% CA and 750 FTU/kg PHY supplementation, performed better in terms of whole-body composition and hematological parameters in C. mrigala and C. ca...

Deden Sudrajat*, Dewi Wahyuni, Burhanudin Malik, Dede Kardaya 

...omized Design with three treatments, which were then analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The variables observed were hedonic tests with a 5-point hedonic scale and hedonic quality (egg yolk color, egg white color, flavor, taste, and texture of quail eggs). This treatment showed that in the preference test, the ratio of betel leaf meal content had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the color of the egg yolk. Nevertheless, in terms of hedonic quality, the pr...
Rico Anggriawan1, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari2, Sri Hidanah3, Muhammad Anam Al-Arif4, Diyah Ayu Candra5
...ndomly assigned to three treatments (P0, P1, and P2) at least six times in each group. The results obtained in this research are giving lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with a concentration of 108 CFU/ml to broiler chickens infected with Escherichia coli, research that has been carried out shows that this shows a better performance index. By adding lactic acid bacteria at a concentration of 108 CFU/ml on a farm scale of 2000 heads per period, the contribution margin...
Dian Septinova1*, Isnaini Nurfianti2, Denita Eptiana2, Khaira Nova1, Riyanti1
 
*Correspondence | Dian Septinova, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung; Email: dian.septinova@fp.unila.ac.id
...tics of salted eggs. The treatments used were soaking eggs in a 30% NaCl solution (T0), partial substitution of NaCl with KCl (T1), CaCl2 (T2), KCl + coriander (T3) and CaCl2 + coriander (T4). The parameters measured included salt content, moisture content, physical characteristic of albumen (pH, height, diameter, index, Haugh unit), physical characteristic of yolk (pH, height, diameter, index, colour) and organoleptic properties (saltiness, sandiness, oilines...

Muhammad Iqbal1*, Saba Iqbal1, Asmat Ullah2, Arbab Jahangeer1, Naveed Akhtar3, Tahira Tabassum3, Ali Zohaib3, Naveed Ramzan3

...ence of various mulching treatments on cotton productivity in saline conditions. Experimental treatments were control (conventional), plastic mulch (PM), wheat straw mulch (WSM), farm yard manure mulch (FYMM) and FYMM + WSM. Mulching significantly increased soil water contents (32%), hydraulic conductivity (5%) whereas reduced soil salt contents (67%) and bulk density (12%) compared to control especially where FYMM + WSM wer...
Nguyen Van Vui1*, Duong Hoang Oanh2, Nguyen Thi Kim Quyen1, Nguyen Thuy Linh1, Kim Nang1, Nhan Hoai Phong1
...d design, featuring five treatments with varying concentrations of Spirulina, monitored over a 10-week period. Reproductive performance was assessed daily, while egg quality was evaluated on a weekly basis. The antioxidant capacity of the egg yolk was measured at the start, midpoint, and end of the experiment using the TBARS assay. Blood biochemical parameters were analysed at the end of the experiment using an automated Cobas biochemical system. The results i...

Usman Ali*, Badat Muwakhid and Dewi Masyithoh

...as used. There were five treatments and three animal groups (two animals per group), classified by body weight. The treatments involved substituting soya bean with fermented cassava by-products, coconut flesh skin, and soya bean skin (FCCSB) at levels of 0%, 7.5%, 15%, 22.5%, and 30% of the diet. The results showed that substituting soya bean meal with FCCSB significantly (P<0.05) improved production performance and feed ...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Tina Rahmawati, Rio Ramanda, Muhtarudin Muhtarudin, Sri Suharyati 

...n (RCBD) consisting of 3 treatments, with each treatment being replicated 5 times. The treatments applied were as follows: P0; Complete Feed 60% + silage 40% (without the addition of natural and synthetic vitamin E), P1; Complete Feed 60% + Silage 40% + Natural Vitamin E 50 IU (equivalent to 223 grams of green bean sprouts), P2; Complete Feed 60% + silage 40% + Synthetic Vitamin E 50 IU. The acquired data was subsequently an...

Paulus Klau Tahuk*, Gerson Frans Bira, Wolfhardus Vinansius Feka 

...energy (GE) intake among treatments, significant variations (P<0.05) were observed in the intake of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), carbohydrates (CHO), and metabolizable energy (ME). OM intake in treatments T2 and T3 was higher than in T1; CP intake in treatment T3 was higher than in T1, but similar to T2. CF intake in T3 was lower (P<0.05) compared to T1 and T2. Moreover, CHO intake was hig...

Catur Suci Purwati1, Chusnul Hanim2*, Lies Mira Yusiati2, Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto3

...CRD) consisting of three treatments and six replications. The three treatments tested were as follows: A: without adding cinnamon powder (0 g/kg feed DM); treatment B: Concentrate with cinnamon powder addition (30 g/kg feed DM); treatment C: Concentrate with cinnamon powder addition (60 g/kg feed DM). Protein balance and blood metabolic profile measured. The results showed that the goats that were treated B had the highest p...

Rijanto Hutasoit1,3, Edison Purba2*, Simon Petrus Ginting3, Nevy Diana Hanafi2

...k design (RBD) with four treatments of gamma-irradiated M2 generation I. zollingeriana (0, 100, 200, and 300 gray) and six replications. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and then evaluated using an orthogonal polynomial contrast test. In this study, the soil characteristics were analyzed descriptively. The findings showed that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the M2 I. zollingeriana generations in terms of quantity and quality. Numerica...

Razaq Animashahun1, Funmilayo Okeniyi1, Olayinka Alabi1, Samuel Olawoye1, Precious Oluwafemi1, Princess Odhe1, Oluwatola Akintola1, Adedeji Animashahun2

...Design into five dietary treatments, each containing 12 rabbits per group with 3 replicates. Treatment 1 served as the control, while treatments 2, 3, and 4 included 6% tithonia, parkia, and synedrella leaf meal, respectively. Treatment 5 consisted of 2% each of these three leaf meals. The results indicated a significant impact (p < 0.05) on the growth performance due to the addition of these leaf meals. The highest weigh...

Desak Putu Mas Ari Candrawati*, I Gede Mahardika, I Gusti Nyoman Gde Bidura, Ni Wayan Siti

... divided randomly into 4 treatments with 5 replications, each consisting of 10 broilers. The control (treatment A) was given basic feed without the addition of PPS, while treatments B, C, and D were administered feed with PPS 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% respectively. The results showed that supplementation of 0.2% PPS in feed significantly (P<0.05) increased feed efficiency by 3.77% and reduced cholesterol in serum by 24.79% com...
Muhammad Ambar Islahuddin1, Yuli Retnani2*, Despal2
...rability index. The best treatments were further evaluated in in vitro fermentability and digestibility tests using RBD with 6 treatments and 4 blocks, examining pH, NH3, Total VFA, DMD, and OMD. Polynomial Orthogonal analysis was used to determine optimal levels. Results indicated significant (p<0.05) effects of molasses viscosity and binders on wafer supplement quality. Molasses with 6400 mPas-1. Viscosity and pollard b...

Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1*, Muhammad Sikander Hayyat, Muhammad Zeshan Maajid, Mubashar Nadeem and Amjed Ali

...on 2014-15. Experimental treatments included varying densities (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 plant m-2) of Convolvulus arvensis. The weed densities were maintained by thinning the excess weed seedlings one week after crop emergence. Wheat variety Galaxy was sown as a test crop. Results exhibited that increasing densities of C. arvensis increased its dry weight m-2 but reduced its plant height. A significant reduction in wheat growth and yield was recorded by increas...

Wiqar Ahmad1*, Sadiq Hussain2, Muhammad Sharif2 and Farmanullah Khan2

...mature compost. Composts treatments were evaluated after each month for physico-chemical properties and the results indicated the highest pH (8.33) and mineral N (10.68 g kg-1) and the lowest bulk density (1.03 g cm-3) for soybean meal whilst the maximum total N (27.68 g kg-1) and P (3.04 g kg-1) for cotton seed meal treated composts. Chicken manure treated compost indicated the highest electrical conductivity (EC; 2.14 dS m-1) and total K (201.3 mg kg-1). Mic...

Gul Hassan, Anees Amin, Haroon ur Rashid, Naqib Ullah Khan and Hussain Ali1

...ays before planting. The treatments included NPK at recommended dose alone and NPK + 1, 2, 3 and 4% dried parthenium (w/w of soil). For comparison, treatments like dried berseem 2% (w/w) and untreated (0 NPK and 0 Parthenium or berseem); were also employed. The experiments were replicated four times as factorial in completely randomized design (CRD). Eight seeds each of sorghum and maize were separately seeded in each pot ul...

Huzaifa Hammad1, Bakhtiar Gul1, Haroon Khan1, Muhammad Fawad1*, Hafizullah2, Haidar Ali3 and Tamana Bakht4

...ck (RCB) design with ten treatments, replicated three times. Data was recorded on days to 50 % tasseling, silking, and maturity, plant height, fresh weed biomass, dry weed biomass, weed species composition, biological yield, thousand grain weight, grain yield, harvest index and cost benefit ratio. The results showed that both the herbicides (Atrazine and Stomp 300 EC) were effective in weed control having lowest fresh weed biomass of 29.31 and 32.65 kg ha-1, r...
Safaa Sabbar Atiyah1*, Ali Abdullah Zuairi Al-Sadoon2, Shifaa Kadhum Jieish2
...r and divided into three treatments: T1 with a Tris extender only (control group), T2: 0.02 AEAV, and T3: 0.03 AEAV. Epididymal sperm were cooled at 5 ºC for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. The results show a significant effect (P≤0.01) of AEAV on sperm motility, abnormal sperm percentage, dead sperm percentage, and membrane integrity. The overall means were 51.11 %, 65.55 %, and 60.55%, for motility, 4.00 %, 4.33 %, and 1.5%, for abnormal sperm, 19....

Mohammad Wasiullah Khan* and Abdur Rab

...fect of all experimental treatments result was significant for all studied growth attributes when compared with control. Zn at the rate of 1.1 kg ha-1applied 15 days after fruit set increased leaf protein content (6.53 %), the total number of fruits plant-1 (916). Among application stages, Zn sprayed 15 days after fruit set increased leaf protein content (6.70 %), total number of fruits plant-1 (932). Various attributes studied for storage duration of plum fru...

Abdel Fattah A. Khalaf1, Karam T. Hussein1, Shehta A. Ali2, Doaa K. Barakat2*, Mohamed I. Gad1

...ificantly reduced by all treatments compared to the control group (41.34 days).Fixed oils and ethanolic extracts affected the levels of total protein, fat, and total body carbohydrate. The obtained results concluded that the two fixed oils (Croton tiglum and Simmondsia chinensis) and the two ethanolic extracts (Urtica dioica and Hyoscyamus muticus) can be used as safe alternatives to the chemical insecticides. 
 
Keywords: Pla...

Truong Thanh Trung1, Nguyen Thi Kim Dong2, Tran Long Hai1

...design consisted of five treatments and six replications, with one buck rabbit as an experimental unit. The five experimental treatments were diets containing 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, and 22% crude protein corresponding CP14, CP16, CP18, CP20 and CP22 treatment, respectively. Feedstuffs used in the experiment included fermented soya waste, soybean extraction meal, Operculina turpethum, and Pennisetum purpureum. The experiment was...

Khalil1*, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli2, Montesqrit2, Andri3

...e feeding trial had four treatments as a basal diet combined with fishmeal containing 0, 3, 6, and 9% CMSM. Each treatment was composed of 5 replications (@ ten birds). Parameters measured included feed intake, egg production, FCR, eggshell, and tibia bone mineralization. Results found that 3-9% CMSM increased crude ash and densities of fishmeal and inhibited the increase in moisture content, protein degradation, and the development of bacteria during storage....

Muhammad Luthfi Hidayat, Istna Mangisah, Lilik Krismiyanto, Vitus Dwi Yunianto*

... and 4 replications. The treatments include: T0 (control), T1 (0.1% ELPPP), T2 (0.2% ELPPP), T3 (0.3% ELPPP), T4 (0.4% ELPPP). ELPPP was applied from day 8 to 35. The parameters observed included broiler performance, bacterial populations in the small intestine, small intestine pH, protein digestibility, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), H/L ratio and relative weight of immune organs. The results showed that ELPPP increased (p <0.05) perfor...

Edy Rianto1, Nadlirotun Luthfi2*, Retno Adiwinarti1, Agung Purnomoadi1

...randomised design with 3 treatments of feeding level, namely T1= 4% body weight (BW), T2 = 5.5% BW and T3 = ad libitum. The diet was given in pellet form, containing 61.79% total digestible nutrients (TDN) and 13.74% crude protein (CP). The lambs were raised from an initial body weight of 11 kg until their body weight reached 25 kg. The parameters measured were body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and body composition . The results showed that ...

Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi1, Majeed Ajafar2, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory2 * 

...assigned to five dietary treatments, each containing three replicates (8 chickens/ replicate). Hens in the first group were fed the basal diet without supplementation and served as the control (G1), while those in the 2nd (G2), 3rd (G3), 4th (G4), and 5th (G5) groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg manganese/kg of diet, respectively. The results showed that the G3 group exhibited the highest (P ≤ 0.05) antibody titers again...

Nadlirotun Luthfi1, Edy Rianto2*, Endang Purbowati2, Christina Maria Sri Lestari2, Agung Purnomoadi2, Nurul Mukminah3 

...en age and feeding level treatments (p<0.05). Volatile fatty acids (VFA) levels were similar at 0 hours before feeding (p>0.05) for both age and feeding level treatments, but significantly differed at 3 and 6 hours after feeding among feeding levels. Rumen ammonia levels were similar across age groups (p>0.05) but significantly varied at 3 and 6 hours after feeding among feeding levels (p<0.05). Microbial protein...

Muhammad Ariana Setiawan1, Ujang Hidayat Tanuwiria2*, Andi Mushawwir2

...gn (CRD). There were six treatments of RDP balance with NFC, namely R1 (1.7), R2 (1.5), R3 (1.8), R4 (1.6), R5 (1.4), and R6 (1.3) with five replications. Research data were processed by analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that the balance of RDP:NFC in the ration gave no significant effect (P>0.05) on total gas production, maximum gas production, and methane gas production. However, it had a significant effect (P...
Plinio Vargas Zambrano1*, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Julio Ibarra Arteaga4, Camilo Chávez Ceballos4 and Ramona Párraga Alava1
...b> 1Lt / 7mlA with three treatments and three replicates. Garlic extraction was carried out by a mechanical method which used a KM grater which consists of generating friction on a surface with sharp holes to separate the fibers into particles, colorimetry analysis was performed with a Konica Minolta CR-400 colorimeter, a viscosity analysis using a rotational viscometer and a hedonic scale of 7 points sensory analysis, the data were processed in the Minitab pr...
Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker1*,Nuratiqah Emran1, Nurul Elyni Mat Shaari1, Arba Aleem2, Zanariah Mohd Nor1 and Ali Majrashi3
...included seven different treatments of Cd chloride with concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mM. Each treatment was replicated five times. The germination and growth of the seeds were observed for 15 days. Pak Choi seedlings were also planted under hydroponic conditions to investigate their morphological characteristics, growth and development. After two weeks of growth, the application of CdCl2 was made with four

Kremlin Mark B. Ampode1,2,3*, Ramanathan Solaiyappan1, Baskaralingam Vaseeharan1 

... main effects of dietary treatments. The results indicated that the inclusion of ZnONPs in the diet did not produce any significant differences in the average body weight of the fish. Specifically, there was no notable impact on body weight across the different treatment groups (P>0.05). However, significant effects were observed in various antioxidant biomarkers (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities in the gills showed significant enhan...

Sumaya Loay Mohamed Shams Al-Dean1*, Sura Shakir Hammoud2, Mohammedali J. Ghafil3

.... The effects of various treatments on motion characteristics, plasma membrane integrity, and normal acrosome morphology were evaluated using paired sample T-test. The p-value (<0.05) is considered statistically significant. After thawing, the sperm cells’ motility dramatically increased with the addition of 2 mM (56.8±1.16), 4 mM (57.6±1.36), and 7 mM (62.1±1.67). The sperms viability is improved post-thawimg and at 5C after addi...

Saitul Fakhri1*, Heni Suryani2, Teja Kaswari1, Munawwaroh Pane1, Neneng Hariyati1, Dodi Rolis Limbong1, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Daniel Komwihangilo4

... palm fronds (OPF). Four treatments were evaluated, i.e., T1: ammoniated steamed OPF (control); T2, T1 + 1% urea; T3, T1 + 3% urea; and T4, T1 + 5% urea. Fresh OPF was steamed in an autoclave at 121°C and 1.4 atm pressure for 30 min. Steamed OPF was ammoniated with 1, 3, and 5% urea according to the treatments. After 10 days, the samples were dried, ground to a size of 1 mm, and analyzed for proximate parameters and fibe...

Muhmmad Bilal Islam1* and Sar Zamin Khan2

...ere receiving respective treatments at the rate of 1.5 ml per liter of drinking water having the garlic, onion, and chilli concentration as (T-1=37.5:50:12.5, T-2=25:50:25, T-3=50:37.5:12.5). While group D and E were designated for receiving (T-4) Mannan Oligo-Saccharide and (T-5) plain water. The gut health parameters including gut pH and ileal histomorphometry including villus height, width, crypt depth and surface area were significantly affected by the tre...

Mohammed H. Asker*, Nagham S. Mohammed, Zinah S. Zamil  

...vitamin C (Group 4). All treatments were administered orally daily. At the end of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized, and kidney tissues were collected for RNA isolation. The expression of genes encoding translocator protein (TSPO) and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) was analyzed in the kidney tissues. Vitamin C significantly reduced blood levels of urea, creatinine, salt, potassium, and calcium in both intact and ovariectomized g...

Fahmida Manin1*, Yusrizal1, Mairizal1, Lovita Adriani2, Andi Mushawwir2

...fat in broiler meat. The treatments were T0 = without Probio_FM and phytobiotics, T1 = Probio_FM + Curcuma longa, T2 = Probio_FM + turmeric, T3 = Probio_FM + ginger and T4 = Probio_FM + combined (Curcuma longa, turmeric and ginger). The experimental design used was a completely randomised design with five treatments in four replicates. All variables measured were analysed for variance using analysed using analysis of varianc...

Emad M. Gad1, Haidy G. Abdel-Rahman2, Mohy Eldin Abd-El-Fattah1, Merna M. Kamal1, Ahmed Shaker Eltahan3, Amina A. Dessouki3*

...ients. Even with current treatments, many individuals with DN progress to end-stage renal disease and needing dialysis or kidney transplantation. So,the development of new prevention and treatment strategies of diabetic nephropathy is required. The existent study looked at the impact of dapagliflozin, mulberry fruit and leaves extracts and their combination on the kidney of diabetic rats. To induce diabetic nephropathy, experimental rats were supplied with 10%...

Aya Salah Eldin Mohamed1*, Gamal E. Shams1, Gihan G. Moustafa2, Reda M. Abd El-Aziz3

...in D (G7). At the end of treatments, testicular levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), serum hormonal and sperm parameters, and histopathology of testes were measured. The obtained results were exposed to one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey’s test to assess the statistical significance of data between different groups. The results revealed that oral treatment with cit...

Zahraa Ahmed Khlaf*, Alfred S. Karomy, Qutaiba Jassim Gheni 

...s each. The experimental treatments were as follows: T1 served as the control (feed not sterilized with ozone), while T2, T3, T4, and T5 involved feed sterilized with ozone at concentrations of 33.3, 66.6, 99.9, and 133.3 mg/5 kg, for durations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes, respectively. The results demonstrated that ozone gas effectively inhibited microorganisms in the feed, as indicated by a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in the logarithm of total bacte...

Pangesti Nugrahani1*, Hery Purnobasuki2, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori3, Jatuporn Anuchai4 and Anugerah Dany Priyanto5,6

...dium, consisting of five treatments: full MS without BAP (MS0), ½ MS without BAP (½MS0), ¼ MS without BAP (¼ MS0), ½ MS supplemented with BAP at 3 mg L-1 (½ MSB), and ¼ MS supplemented with BAP at 3 mg L-1 (¼ MSB). The results revealed that the timing of shoot, root, and leaf initiation was not significantly altered by any of the treatments. However, shoot and root leng...

Saher Mahmood Jwad1, Tamadhur Hani Hussein2, Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini2* 

...t only. Furthermore, all treatments related to this study were administered for forty-five days, once daily. In this study, there was a noticeable increase in the activities of liver enzymes, malondialdehyde, lipid peroxide, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in the paracetamol treatment group compared to the other study groups. Conversely, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, triiodothyronine, and thyroxin levels were desirably decreased in the ...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Chindy Damanik, Dandi Oherman Girsang, Erwanto, Liman, Muhtarudin and Ali Husni 

...n (RCBD) comprising of 3 treatments and 3 groups. The experimental treatments consisted of three groups: P0, which consisted of 80% basal feed and 20% untreated corn cobs (0% urea); P1, which consisted of 80% basal feed and 20% ammoniated corn cobs (2.5% urea); and P2, which consisted of 80% basal feed and 20% ammoniated corn cobs (5% urea). The data acquired were assessed utilizing Analysis of Variance at a significance lev...

Muhammad Suleman Aziz1, Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Sohail Khan1, Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Munir2, Khalida Musa3 and Asim Iqbal1

... (T1 to T13) pollination treatments including one control (No pollination) and repeated three times. Data for the following parameters were collected viz fruit set %age, fruit drop %age, fruit yield (kg bunch-1) and physico-chemical fruit characteristics. Results indicated that except control, all the treatments improved the yield and yield components. The highest fruit set (81.68% and 82.30 %,), bunch weight (15.28 and 16.2...

Elkhan Rajaf Allahverdiyev1*, Azer Agazade Khalilov2, Araz Mustafa Gasimov2, Zahid Gurban Khalilov2, Parvana Bahlul Bayramova2, Kamala Fatiaga Abilova2 and Sait Engindeniz3

...The effect of fertilizer treatments on quality indicators of fodder obtained from mixed sowing was studied. It was found that the amount of crude protein, absolute dry matter, yield of feed unit, amount of digestible protein in the green mass product increased significantly. The most important criterion in terms of quality in forage plants is the crude protein content in the dry matter. There is a positive relationship between nitrogen fertilization and the cr...

Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti, Ani Atul Arif, Putri Utami, Habib Asshidiq Syah, Anggita Dian Pramudhita, Rr. Ani Rizqianti, Trinil Susilawati*

...d Design (CRD) with four treatments and ten replications. Data were analyzed using the Tukey test. The treatment in the study was T0: sexing PDGC 10 fractions using Andromed® diluent. T1: sexing PDGC 10 fractions using tris aminomethane diluent + 20% egg yolk. T2: sexing PDGC 5 fractions using Andromed® diluent. T43: sexing PDGC 10 fractions using tris aminomethane diluent + 20% egg yolk. Parameters measured include motility, viability, abnormalities, ...

Yusuf Subagyo*, Merryafinola Ifani, Hermawan Setyo Widodo

...s were divided into four treatments, each using five lactating goats as replications. The animals were fed 3.5% of their body weight based on dry matter, then four levels of concentration substitution were T1 (0% dried C. calothyrsus), T2 (10% dried C. calothyrsus), T3 (20% dried C. calothyrsus), and T4 (30% dried C. calothyrsus). Descriptive analysis was used for phytochemical tests and bioactive identification; however, toxicity, productivity, and milk quali...

Nguyen Thi Ngoc Trang1, Nguyen Thi Thu Hong2,3*

...e experiment comprised 4 treatments with control (no addition), experimental treatment GARL 1, GARL 2, and GARL 3 with adding 1%, 2% and 3% of fresh garlic, respectively. The experiment used 10 chicks per unit and 3 replications. The results showed that the increased body weight of Minh Du broiler chicken in experimental treatments was higher than control treatments (P<0.05). Dietary su...

Sutaryo Sutaryo1*, Jeksen Nikolas1, Nain Ufidiyati1, Ivena Setiany1, Nadlirotun Luthfi2, Retno Adiwinarti1, Agung Purnomoadi1 

...ficantly different among treatments (p > 0.05), and ILM inclusion did not affect nutrient digestibility (p > 0.05), retained nutrients, growth performance, or feed efficiency (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of ILM up to 12% in the ration did not negatively affect the productivity of growing NZW rabbits. Therefore, ILM can be considered a viable protein source to replace SBM in the ration for growing NZW rabbits. 

...
Nur Amira Idayu Romzi1, Aina Zahirah Mohd Suhaili1, Norhayati Ngah1,2 and Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar1*
...our different fertilizer treatments were used for the plant species, including control, NovaTec, foliar, and urea. The data for morphological and physiological characteristics, including plant height, the distance of nodes, leaf width, and leaf length, were taken every two weeks. The physiological parameters, including chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance, were recorded during plant growth. The results showed that there is an increase in crude protein ...
Roshita Ibrahim1*, Anis Nursyazwani Aminuddin1 and Mohd Nizam Lani2
...ey oyster mushrooms. The treatments included individual applications of electrical shock (12V; 13A) and high light intensity (1500 Lux) which were studied previously, as well as combined treatments of electrical shock with high light intensity (ES-HLI) and alternating treatments of these two stimuli (alternate ES-HLI). All the physically stimulated mushroom bags took a shorter spawning per...
Nurul Aini Kamaruddin, Nur Qistina Afiqah Muhamad Asri and Nur Alya Adila Rosli 
...en doelings. The feeding treatments consisted of Control (100% Pak Chong Napier), T1 (90% Pak Chong Napier + 10% A. microphylla), T2 (80% Pak Chong Napier + 20% A. microphylla), and T3 (70% Pak Chong Napier + 30% A. microphylla). The mixture of treatment feeds was analysed using proximate analysis. For feeding experiments, twelve 4-year-old female Saanen doelings were chosen for this study and were divided into four groups, with each group...
Mok Sam Lum, Nurul Fadhilah binti Aldam and Clament Fui Seung Chin* 
...cant differences between treatments were determined using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) Test (SAS 9.4 software). Results revealed significant differences (p <0.05) in sweet corn that received AE foliar spray in plant height (p = 0.0098), stem diameter (p = 0.0419), leaf area (p = 0.0364), cob length (p = 0.0077), and number of grains per cob (p = 0.0207) compared to the control plant received an optimal rate of 120 kg ha-1 urea without A...
Nur Anis Hashim1, Nor Hasima Mahmod1*, Abubakar Abdullahi Lema2, Lee-Hoon Ho3 and Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker1
...-dried (FD) according to treatments. Four extracting solvents, which were methanol, ethanol, aqueous, and hexane, were evaluated for their efficiency in extracting antioxidant components from the differently treated roselle calyx, and these extracts were used to determine antioxidant activities and contents by assessing DPPH scavenging activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Next, the samples were subjected to qualitative phyt...

Oluwakamisi F. Akinmoladun1,2*, Olusegun O. Ikusika1, Conference T. Mpendulo1

...domized design with five treatments and five replicates, with eight birds each. The treatment consisted of a basal diet (control) containing 0.101% of Na in the diet. In the remaining treatment groups, sodium carbonate was supplemented to reach levels of 0.144, 0.187, 0.231, and 0.274% of Na. After the 20-d of the feeding trial, data obtained on growth performance (final weight (FW), total weight gain (TWG), total feed intake (TFI), nutrients intake), selected...

Dedes Amertaningtyas1*, Alia Salsabilla Putri3, Nur Rohman Rizqi Pudya Permana3, Silvia Rosa Al Rahma3, Premy Puspitawati Rahayu1, Rlm. Satrio Ari Wibowo2, Ragil Yuliatmo2, Eko Nuraini2, Rischa Amalia Saleha1

...ized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions. Treatment consists of using 250 g of aluminum sulfate (T1); 300 g (T2); 350 g (T3) and 400 g (T4). Parameters include physical quality (elongation, thickness, tensile strength, ductility, tear strength and water absorption) and chemical quality (water content, fat content, protein content and water activity (Aw)). The research results showed that the highest average values were elongation (56.02 ± 6...

M.J.Al-Saadi*, Dahfir A. Alobaidi, Jassim E.Q.Al-Musawi 

...5) compared to all other treatments. Furthermore, the study found that longer washing times with tap water increased the degree of contamination. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that using ozonized water and reducing the washing time can effectively decrease the total aerobic bacteria count in meat. Therefore, the use of treated water, especially ozonized water, is highly recommended to mitigate bacterial contamination in beef and to safeguard pub...

Khawla Abdul- Aziz Salman1, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory3*, Rasha Fajer Al-Jebory4

...groups, The experimental treatments consisted of (T1) a control group without any treatment, and three groups supplemented with neem leaf powder at rates of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg food, referred to as treatments T2, T3, and T4, respectively. All treatment groups were subjected to heat stress, with a cyclic temperature ranging from 28 to 32 °C. At the age of 14 days, there was a noteworthy reduction (P≤0.05) in the le...
Ahmad Ibrahim Jalali1, Mudssar Ali1*, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad2,4 and Fawad Zafar Ahmad Khan1,3
...abundance in biorational treatments as compared to synthetic insecticide treatment. The pitfall trapping differences showed significant differences in the insect orders captured. Moreover, the maize yield at the end of the trial was higher in synthetic pesticide treatments (field recommended doses) as compared to the plots managed using biorational approaches. Among biorational options, the yield of sand and mango wood ash m...

Aimen Raza1, Muhammad Muzamil Ijaz1,2*, Adnan Younis1, Nasir Ahmad Khan3, Ahsan Akram1, M. Abdul Salam khan2 and M. Nadeem4

...alabad. There were eight treatments and each treatment was replicated three times, with three plants each. Different plant-based materials, including leaf compost, coco peat, and peat moss was used to ensure the quality growth and development of the ponytail palm. The experiment was arranged according to a completely randomized design (CRD). The collected data was analyzed using the Fisher’s analysis of variance technique, and treatment means were compar...

Ali Bain*, Musriah, La Ode Nafiu, La Ode Muh. Munadi, La Ode Muhsafaat, Nur Santy Asminaya, Astriana Napirah, Widhi Kurniawan, Fuji Astuty Auza, Deki Zulkarnain 

...D) compared to the other treatments. The study concluded that rations based on fermented corn cobs and other agricultural by-products supplemented with 4.5% CaS-soybean oil produced ideal fermentation characteristics to support optimal growth and activity of microorganisms digesting feed nutrients. 

...

Nguyen Hoang Qui*, Nguyen Thuy Linh 

...mposed of five different treatments, which are replicated three times. The allocation of treatments was balanced based on the sex of the broilers. The birds were provided with feed and water ad libitum. The experimental protocol involved the incorporation of an aqueous extract derived from fermented garlic (FG) into the animals’ drinking water. The highest weights for carcass, breast, and thigh were observed in the 0.8...

Faisal Noor1, Shahid Iqbal1, Muhammad Irfan Shan2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3*, Abbas Sheer4, Muhammad Shahroz Khan3

...lete block design. Three treatments including installation of bee hotels, beehives and flowers intercropping were evaluated for their effect on the number of fruits, fruit weight, fruit diameter and average fruit yield. The results revealed that the presence of beehives improved pollination of round gourd and showed 1.32 to 1.95 fold increase in number of fruits per plant, 1.33 to 2.10 fold increase in average fruit yield per plant, 0.92 to 1.32 fold increase ...

Naglaa A. El-Taib1*, Asmaa T. Talayea2, Hanan R. Ghanayem3

...dy concluded that in all treatments, whether by using chlorine or H2O2 does not have the ability to kill E. coli O157. The resuscitation of VBNC E. coli cells has been studied for the purpose of risk control of recovered pathogenic bacteria Therefore, From the food safety point of view new formulation are highly required to control VBNC E. Coli. In addition, PAM-q PCR is considered a rapid method in detecting the VBNC organism. The potential influences of VBNC...

Muhammad Salim1,2*, Muhammad Zakria2, Ahmad Ur Rahman Saljoqi2, Shahid Sattar2, Ayhan Gökçe1, Amjad Usman3 and Hayat Badshah4

...) and the least in other treatments. After 14 days of P. hysterophorus spray application, the lady bird beetle population was also found on the decreasing trend in all the treatments. Furthermore, wheat plots treated with P. hysterophorus leaves extract resulted in maximum plant height (100.67 cm), spike length (12.33 cm) and total yield (3910.23 kg/ha). Based on the above results, P. hysterophorus leaves extract can be reco...

Dheyaa Ali Aljuhaishi*, Firas Hussain Kadim Albawi 

...e randomly allotted five treatments with two replicate pens of 25 birds per pen. Different treatments regimens were practiced where G1 chicken were orally inoculated with E. coli at a dose of 0.5 ml containing 7.5x106 CFU/ml and were treated with bacteriophage (3.2×108PFU/g) through feeding. In the G2 group, chicken were orally inoculated with E. coli at a dose of 0.5 ml containing 7.5x106 CFU/ml and were treated with ...

Eman Wahsh1, Tarek M Ibrahim2, Mirna E. ElAwady3*

...mals received one of the treatments, caffeine (10mg/kg), diazepam (0.5mg/kg), nifedipine (2 or 8mg/kg), propranolol (5 or 10mg/kg) and their combinations with caffeine; all treatments were injected intraperitoneal 30 min before testing allowing time for drug absorption. Caffeine treatment could significantly decrease the number of licks and shocks, which reflected an anxiogenic effect. In contrast, treatment with diazepam pr...

Nguyen Thi Hanh Chi1,2, Ho Xuan Nghiep1,2, Tran Trung Tuan1,2, Nguyen Binh Truong1,2*

...1 days/periods. The four treatments were maise and cassava chips (Ma.C); broken rice and cassava chips (BrR.C); cassava chips, and urea (Ma.C.U); broken rice, cassava chips, and urea (BrR.C.U). The basal diet was premix, tofu waste, Operculina turpethum vines, and ad libitum fresh elephant grass. The dry matter consumption per body weight showed a tendency towards a decrease in Ma.C.U (3.11%) and Ma.C treatments (3.11%) than...

Nuttanun Leamkrajang, Somkiert Prasanpanich, K. Teepalak Rangubhet, Phongthorn Kongmun*

...goat), while the dietary treatments consisted of two roughages to concentrate ratios: 100:0 and 70:30, using dry leucaena leaves as the source of roughage. The kinetic values of fermentation, gas production, and IVDMD showed significant differences across treatments (p<0.05). The swamp buffalo and the 70:30 ratio exhibited the greatest gas production and IVDMD, while beef cattle followed, and goats produced the least (p=0...
Satya Narayana Rao Ramasamy1,2, Assis Kamu3 and Connie Fay Komilus1*
 
... feeding trial using six treatments in triplicates namely TC (100% krill; 0% crab waste), T1 (80% krill; 20% crab waste), T2 (60% krill; 40% crab waste), T3 (40% krill; 60% crab waste), T4 (20% krill; 80% crab waste) and T5 (0% krill; 100% crab waste) respectively. Growth indices such as Body Weight Gain (BWG), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Feed Intake (FI), and Survival Rate (SR) were observed every 10 days while water quality parameters like pH, dissolved oxy...

Jumiati Asis1, Nur Aainaa Hasbullah1, Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh1, Noor Khairani Mohamad Basri1, Palanivell Perumal2, Peter Mojiun2 and Mohd. Rashid Mohd. Rakib1* 

...mixed Trichoderma treatments have significantly lower disease incidence, disease severity index, area under disease progress curve, and percentage of necrotic primary roots as compared to the positive control. The disease reduction was up to 57.70% and 43.86% when plants were treated with T4RH and T8R, respectively. Additionally, the Trichoderma treatment recorded significantly higher chlorophyll content, plant height, bole diameter, and number o...

 Saranyah Sathiaganeshan1,2, Nur Aina Natasha Yusoff1, Siti Juzailah Zuraimi1, Rukayat Omolara Folarin1,3, Satya Narayana Rao Ramasamy1,4, Asmad Kari1, Enike Dwi Kusumawati⁵, I Wayan Karyasa⁶ and Connie Fay Komilus1*

...rcial feed. Five dietary treatments consisting different percentages (%) such as Control (0% OWF+ 100% Commercial Feed), Treatment 1 (5% OWF+ 95% Commercial Feed), Treatment 2 (10% OWF+ 90% Commercial Feed), Treatment 3 (15% OWF+ 85% Commercial Feed), Treatment 4 (20% OWF+ 80% Commercial Feed) were given for feeding experiment in triplicates. Body Weight Gain (BWG), Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG), Daily Feed Intake (DFI), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), surviva...

Heni Suryani1, Sri Novianti2*, Fatati2, Jul Andayani2, Saitul Fakhri2, Muhammad Ambar Islahudin3

...randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications was employed, involving binahong extract levels: control, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% based on dry matter (DM). One gram of feed substrate, supplemented with binahong extract, was incubated in buffered rumen fluid at 390C for 48 hours in a 120 ml serum bottle. Gas production was measured at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, and 48 hours. Rumen fluid was also collected to calculate the population of pro...

Baraa Qasim Mohammed1, Asmaa Hamoody Abdullah1, Ahmed Raheem Rayshan2* 

...uture design of improved treatments

...

Sadaf Aman1, Yung Fu Chang2, Javed Iqbal Qazi1*, Rahman Ullah3* and Farah Aman4

...vided into two different treatments based on feeding with and without probiotics in canola meal and corn gluten meal. The control group was fed with commercial feed. Before stocking, all the aquaria were dried for 3 days. One eighty hundred and eighty fish (Labeo rohita) were stocked in 9 aquaria. Twenty fishes were kept in each group. Before stocking, the fish was treated with KMnO4. In treatment 1 (T1) fish were fed with canola meal along with Lactobacillus ...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

October

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 5, pp. 2001-2500

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