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Xingdong Yang and Lijuan Yuan

...rticular virus strain or bacterial species and being maintained free of unwanted microbiota in sterile isolators. The sterile surgical derivation and gnotobiotic status of the pigs allow studies of the infection, disease and immune responses caused by a specific pathogen in the absence of interfering maternal antibodies, other maternal immune regulators, and intestinal and environmental microbes. Due to the similarities between pigs and humans in terms of gene...

Gultaj Hussain1, Abdur Rahman1*, Tariq Hussain2, Siraj Uddin1, Tariq Ali3

E-mail | abdur_rahman@aup.edu.pk

...t | Preservative and antibacterial effects of citric acid and lactic acid treated beef were studied previously on Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella typhymurium. This was aimed to investigate the effects of these acids on the total viable count (TVC) of these bacteria. Three diluted concentra- tions (1.0, 3.0 and 5.0%) of both citric acid and lactic acid were used. A total of 3024 meat samples were collected from cattl...

Tomas Jinnerot1*, Karin Malm1, Erik Eriksson1 and Jonas Johansson Wensman2

E-mail | Tomas.Jinnerot@sva.se

... is the most common bacterial cause of kennel cough or canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) in dogs. Other disease agents include various respiratory viruses and co-infection can exacerbate the clinical signs. CIRD is highly contagious and can spread rapidly, especially among dogs in close quarters. Fast and accurate diagnostics enables the selection of proper management. Our objective was to develop a sensitive and specific re...

Claudia Kohl*, Andreas Nitsche, Andreas Kurth

Email: kohlc@rki.de

...h, ducks, plants, fungi, bacteria and everything else that belongs to the lake. If we apply this approach to clinical samples we can identify the community of etiological pathogens, without any knowledge on the targets in advance. However, clinical specimens usually comprise an overwhelming amount of host nucleic acids, which by far exceeds the number of pathogen nucleic acids in the sample. Subsequently, it is necessary to either decrease the amount of host n...

 John G. Bruno and Jeffery C. Sivils

...nd related Gram negative bacteria. However, unrelated Gram positive bacteria exhibited very few, if any, bands in common with those identified on the E. coli Western aptamer blots, thus attesting to the specificity of these aptamers. In general, the use of aptamers in Western blot formats is advantageous for validation of aptamer binding and specificity based on molecular weight matching of detected electrophoretic bands acr...

Atul Sharma, Aruna Chandra Singh, Gautam Bacher, Sunil Bhand

...lture. The occurrence of bacterial “suprainfection” with tolerance to antibiotics has attracted the significant attention, mainly due to the consequences of multi drug resistance and potential threat to human health and the environment. With the increasing incidences of antimicrobial contamination, especially in food, dairy products, agriculture and environment, their regular monitoring is on prime interest. Aptamers are synthetic short sequences o...

John Gachohi, Simon Karanja, Salome Wanyoike, Nduhiu Gitahi, Salome Bukachi, Kenneth Ngure

...de to isolate Leptospira bacteria from urine, soil and water samples. Antibody detection in animal and human serum samples will utilize Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). Study outcomes will include (i) geo-referencing of adverse environmental attributes that support Leptospira growth, (ii) animal and human seasonal public health burden of Leptospirosis, (iii) seasonal variation in the distribution of Leptospira determinants in a slum setting, and (iv) a si...

Tayiba Latif Gulraiz1, Arshad Javid1*, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Muhammad Shahbaz3, Irfan3 and Sharoon Daud4

...twelve fungal and twelve bacterial genera were isolated. Four fungal (Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium and Saccharomyces) and two bacterial genera (Klebsiella and Nocardia) were isolated from bolus only, three fungal (Cryptococcus, Histoplasma and Trichophoton) and six bacterial (Acaligenes, Azotobacter, Bartonella, Nitrsomonas, Pseudomonas and Salmonella) genera were isolated from guano whi...

Aiza Tahir, Muhammad Asif, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*

...ther bacteriophages. The bacterial challenge test in milk indicated that proliferation of S. aureus was successfully ceased until six hours post infection when applied at and MOI of 100.

...

Iram Liaqat1*, Najma Arshad2, Muhammad Arshad3, Safdar Ali Mirza4, Nazish Mazhar Ali1 and Ammara Shoukat1

...industry, the problem of bacterial resistance is emerging, hence leading to serious health issues. Among 24 strains isolated from Shaukat Banaspati Ghee industry (Grw) and Shezan foods (pvt) Ltd, Lahore, Pakistan food industry, 10 highly antibiotic resistant strains were subjected to morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization. 16SrRNA sequencing was performed to identify three highly resistant strains at species level. Antimicrobial activity...

Sana Irshad Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal2, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Shaukat Hussain3

... Wilt causing fungus and bacteria, i.e. Fusarium oxysporum (87.50 ± 0.11% inhibition), Xanthomonas campestris (67.00 ± 0.46% inhibition) and Clavibacter michiganensis (72.00 ± 1.02% inhibition). The A. flavus was grown on two different media, i.e. Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) and Glucose Nutrient Broth (GNB) media for active secondary metabolites. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of PDB medium gave significant results against selected phytopat...

 Eman M. Farghaly1, Ahmed Samy1,2*, Heba Roshdy

...otic resistance of major bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella and Pasteurella spp. in Egyptian quail farms. Such information is important for drug choice and success of treatment as well as spotting the light on emerging antimicrobial resistance that represent major concern for public health. A total one hundred swabs and 500 organ samples were collected from apparently healthy and freshly dead quails respectively.
Mirza Imran Shahzad1,*, Anna Iqbal2, Farrah Ali1, Nuzhat Sial3, Muhammad Ashfaq4, Abul Hasanat5 and Azra Khanum6
... each other. A total six bacteria including Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pasteuralla multocida, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureius were used against each other to evaluate their antimicrobial activities. All of bacteria were cultured in LB media and further the culture of each bacterium was divided into three parts, the first part was centrifuged in order to collect s...
Majed Rafeeq1,*, Nadeem Rashid1, Muhammad Masood Tariq1, Rassol Bakhsh Tareen2, AsadUllah1 and Zahid Mustafa1
...had a positive effect on bacterial enumeration of Ileum (P<0.05). The use of antibiotic caused a reduction in all three forms of microbial population. On the other hand, herbs added as feed additive acted as prebiotic and enhanced the lactic acid bacteria. In conclusion, supplementation of herbs as feed additive improved growth parameters and present results suggests herbs could be used as alternative to antibiotics growt...
Muhammad Tahirand Memoona Shehzadi*
...nt Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) (No PGPR, PGPR-1, PGPR-2 and PGPR-1 + PGPR-2). The PGPR used in this study were pre-isolated and characterized, taken from soil microbiology and biochemistry laboratory, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences (ISES), University of Agriculture Faisalabad. In this experiment Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial arrangements having three replications was used. Significantly maximum 1000 achene weight...

Zia Ur Rahman1*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Hidayat Ur Rahman1, Fida Mohammad1, Mian Ahmad Raza1 and Ijaz Ahmad Khan2

... check cultivars against bacterial leaf blight disease at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar-Pakistan during 2011 rice crop growing season. On artificial inoculation with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae, the fundamental agent of bacterial leaf blight, most of the studied rice accessions and the two commercial rice cultivars displayed susceptible reactions. Seven rice accessions viz. UoA-2, UoA-5, UoA-11, UoA-48, UoA-53, U...
Ahmed Mujtaba1, Tariq Masud1, Asif Ahmad1, Waqar Ahmed3, Saqib Jabbar3* and Robert E. Levin2
...tudies concluded the antibacterial activity of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) and its by-products. The aim of the study were to test the activity of chlorogenic acid isolated from apricot cv. Habi, against different food borne pathogens and quantification of the chlorogenic acid (CA) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The chlorogenic acid was isolated using resin. The recovered amount of compound was calculated. Aliquots of the extracts...
Neenish Rana, Nosheen Ehsan, Awais Ihsan and Farrukh Jamil*
...ence of human pathogenic bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strain 26695. Computational analysis of the genome showed 6 transcriptionally active pseudogenes that can produce stable mRNA secondary structure compared to their functional parents. Moreover it was observed that their putative protein products will be thermodynamically stable. The sequence-based predictions suggested that the pseudogenes-derived proteins may involve in different ...

Honnur Basha, Vinaya Hemannavar, B.Ramanujam, R. Rangeshwaran and S.Sriram 

Screening of chilli microflora and other biocontrol agents for their antagonistic effects on Colletotrichum spp. infecting chillies
...amples, 94 fungal and 89 bacterial isolates were derived, which included 50 isolates of fungi and 44 isolates of bacteria from phylloplane and pomoplane, 44 isolates of endophytic fungi and 45 of endophytic bacteria from inside the leaf and fruit tissues, respectively. Among them, 70 fungal isolates belonged to plant pathogenic genera like,Alternaria, Cercospora, Colletotrichum, Curvularia...

M. D. Maji, N.K.Das, S. Chatterjee, A. Ghosh and A.K. Bajpai

Forecasting models of bacterial leaf spot disease of mulberry for Birbhum district of West Bengal

A. K. Chaubey and Satyandra Kumar

Bio-management of root knot nematode and root rot disease by antagonistic fungi and rhizobacteria
... four fungi and six rhizobacteria isolates from the rhizosphere of vegetable crops was studied for suppression of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on tomato in laboratory and pot culture experiment. All the isolates were isolated by serial dilution and cultured in liquid protein supplemented broth medium and culture filtrates (CF) were prepared. In in-vitro test single eggmasses of uniform size we...

Sitansu Pan and Someshwar Bhagat

Biological control of plant diseases
...ing strains belonging to bacterial genera such as Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces and Bacillus, and fungal genera such as Gliocladium, Trichoderma, Ampelomyces, Candida and Coniothyrium. Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens are the most important and widely used bioconrol agents being used across the world for the management of several plant diseases. Some bacterial biocontrol agents can inhibit both

Partha Pratim Ghosh and 2N. C. Mandal 

Some disease management practices for bacterial wilt of potato
...ture at 20:5:3:1 in each bacterial wilt affected plant + mancozeb spray @ 2.5 gL-1 at 50, 57 and 60 DAP) were the best treatment in terms of their responses to yield, disease management and higher return per rupee investment. The highest tuber yield and low disease intensity was obtained from T1 (TPS whole tuber planting) followed by T4 (supervised management) but under congenial condition for a particular disease like bacteria<...
Bushra Niaz1,*, Tahir Zahoor1, Muhammad Atif Randhawa1 and Amer Jamil2
...or the evaluation of antibacterial activity of lactoferrin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of lactoferrin was determined by 96-well plate method using ELISA reader. Results depicted that CM-Sephadex C-25 was a good cation exchanger for recovery of lactoferrin. Camel raw milk produced 2.4 mg/mL of lactoferrin. The lactoferrin isolated from camel milk exhibited promising antibacterial activity against E. coli an...
P.P. Ghosh*, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya and M.K. Bhattacharjya
...lign: justify;">Vascular bacterial wilt being an impediment of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) production under the acidic soil condition of Purulia district of West Bengal resulted in 20-30% yield loss every year. The present participatory action research was aimed to study the (i) adeptness of integrated module of prophylactic soil disinfection and bio-control, (ii) only prophylactic soil disinfection, and (iii) only curative soil disinfection over upr...
Obaidullah1, Zafar Ali Shah1* and Sami Ullah2
...es followed by their antibacterial assessment. Lapachol was isolated from stem heartwood of heterophragma adenophyllum seem through column chromatographic technique. Characterization of Lapachol was carried through melting point assessment and running its comparative TLC against standard, added with structure elucidation by FT-IR spectrum. Silver nanoparticles of Lapachol were  synthesized by treating 1 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution with 1 mM solutio...
Saba Irshad1,*, Ayesha Ashfaq1, Ammara Muazzam1 and Abida Yasmeen2
...d against five important bacterial and fungal strains. Both extracts showed maximum antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus. All alcoholic extracts were competent enough to reduce the growth rate of M. canis and A. flavus up to 35%, with no inhibitory influence on Candida species and F. solani. These extracts fully inhibit growth of PC3 cells. Moreove...
Tiansen Li1, Meiling Huang2, Zhen Wang1,Fei Guo3,Hui Zhang1,* and Chuangfu Chen1,*
...ucella is pathogenic bacteria that cause animal and human brucellosis. Currently, the mechanism behind the pathogenesis of Brucella remains unclear. For this reason omp10 mutant was constructed to examine the impacts of the outer membrane protein 10 (Omp10) on bacterial survival, virulence, phagosome-lysosome fusion, and apoptosis induction, as assessed in appropriate in vitro (cell culture) and anim...
Kulsoom Akhter1, Tahseen Ghous1,2,Saiqa Andleeb3,*, Faiz-ul-Hassan Nasim4, Samina Ejaz5, Zain-ul-Abdin1, Bilal Ahmed Khan1 and Muhammed Naeem Ahmed1
...us heavy metal resistant bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of Tagetes minuta, growing in soil adjoining automobile workshops to investigate their bioaccumulation capacity for three selected metals Cr(VI), Ni(II) and Cd(II). The plant was selected due to its natural abundance in the climate of Kashmir and also in the area of study. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolates were identified as B. cereus BDBC...

Jawad Anwar* and Zafar Iqbal 

... novel and effective antibacterial compounds to treat, prevent and resist is highly demanded. Luckily fungi are potential producer of antibacterial natural products. The present study was initiated to investigate the antibacterial activity of Trichoderma harzianum against phyto and human pathogenic bacterial strains. T. harzianum was grown under differen...
Muhammad Usman Qamar1, 2, Sidrah Saleem1, Usman Arshad1, Muhammad Farhan Rasheed3, Hasan Ejaz4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Shah Jahan6,*
...tamase (NDM-1) producing bacteria being responsible for multiple ailments, pose serious threat to human health. The NDM infections are constantly increasing worldwide particularly in sub-continent including Pakistan. These bacteria show resistance to wide range of broad spectrum antibiotics leaving the treatment options limited. Manuka honey is traditionally used for medical purposes including remedy of

Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Wasiullah1 and Wiqar Ahmad

...ifferent strains of cyanobacteria in improvement of some major plant nutrients and soil organic matter content (SOM) under saline soil and yield of rice crop at National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) Islamabad during summer 2016. Pots were induced with salinity of 7.0 dS m-1 and arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Six treatments consisted of a control (no strains) and 5 different strains of cyano<...
Ehab Bo Trabi1,2, Xianjun Yuan1, Junfeng Li1, Zhihao Dong1, Assar Ali Shah2 and Tao Shao1,2,*
... glucose and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) additives. The groups were as follow: silage without additive as a control (c); glucose 1% fresh matter basis (G1); glucose 2% (G2); glucose 3% (G3); Lactobacillus Plantarum (LAB1); Pediococuss acidilactici (LAB2); Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LAB3). All the silos were incubated at 25°C. Then, 90 days later, the fermentation quality of tested silages was analyzed. No significant difference was found ...
Jing Xin Mao1,2, Guo Wei Wang2, Yuan She Huang3, Rui Wang2, Guo Ze Wang4, Bing Zeng1 and Fu Yuan Zuo1,*
...ainst GNB (gram-negative bacteria) and their endotoxin by means of its antibiotic and endotoxin neutralizing and disposing functions. BPI has several biological functions in mammals such as human, bovine, pig and rabbit, it also has major influence in the natural defense of the animal body. In this paper, by comparative study on BPI gene expression in various tissues between Rongchang pig and Landrace, we confirmed the expression of pig BPI gene in various tis...
Temel Gokturk1, Elif Tozlu2,* and Recep Kotan2
...thods in which fungi and bacteria were used in the biological control against pests. Totally 10 bacterial strains including 2 strains of Brevibacillus brevis (CP-1, FD-1), 1 strain of Bacillus thuringiensis (FDP-1), 2 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae (FDP-8, FDP-42), 2 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstakii (FDP-41, BAB-410), 1 strain of Bacillus subtili...
Aqsa Imtiaz and Abdul Rehman*
...to isolate keratinolytic bacteria from the soil contaminated with poultry waste. From amongst nine bacterial keratinase producing isolates were found. The BML5 isolate was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA Ribotyping. B. subtilis BML5 showed maximal keratinase activity at 37°C and at pH 8. An increase in keratinase activity of B. subtilis...
Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Muhammad Shahzad2, Xiaokang Wu3, Chaofeng Ma4 and Jiru Xu1,*
...copy numbers of dominant bacteria of gut microbiota. The results indicated that a significant diversity difference between asthma and healthy groups (*P< 0.05), was shown in DGGE profile. Similarity index was found to be lower in inter-group than intra-group that indicated a change in composition of gut flora in asthma patients. Sequencing results also indicated a change of bacterial composition between both groups...

 Maryum Fakhar, Iqra Jabbar, Anjum Nasim Sabri*

...tals or toxic compounds, bacteria have multiple survival strategies involving several mechanisms of resistance and tolerance. Biofilm formation is one such resistance mechanism for bacterial survival. This paper provides the basis for use of bacteria isolated from saline environment and to check their biofilm forming ability under nickel stress. Our previous results showed that these

 Asma Akhtar, Abdul Rehman

...dustrial wastewater. Two bacterial isolates were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus lactis on the basis of biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequence. The minimum inhibitory concentration of both isolates showed fair growth up to 1 mM of K2Te2O3. Both strains showed maximum growth at 37ºC and pH of 7. The bacterial growth in the presence of metal ions was delayed as compared to the control. High el...

 Bushra Mazhar1, Nusrat Jahan1, Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Saiqa andleeb2, Shaukat Ali2*

...ied out to explore local bacterial isolates for vanillin production using waste residues of rice bran oil. After the screening of different bacterial isolates, a novel strain Enterobacter hormaechei showed significant production of vanillin when inoculated in waste residues of rice bran based media. E. hormaechei produced 5.2 g/l of vanillin in culture media containing ferulic acid as a substrate. Optimum pH for E. hormaeche...
Ikramul Haq1, Aneela Zameer Durrani*1, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2, Imtiaz Ahmad3, Amjad Khan2 and Mehboob Ali1
...sampled for isolation of bacteria. During the study 294 faecal samples (horse n=217, mules n=23 and donkey n=54) were diagnosed positive for bacteria. The overall prevalence of diarrhea was 72.56% with bacteria in 65.77% of diarrheic cases. The prevalence of different bacterial species shows that E. coli was the most prevalent

Farah Rauf Shakoori, Momina Shokat, Faiza Saleem and Tanzeela Riaz

...creen xylanase producing bacteria and to optimize cultural conditions for maximum production of enzyme from locally isolated bacteria and to optimize the assay conditions under which enzyme possessed maximum activity. Two bacterial isolates XPB-GS02 and XPB-CW01 with maximum activity ratio showed 18.3 and 12.2 U/ml xylanase activity, respectively. Maximum xylanase was produced in medium M1...

Ayesha Bibi*, Musharaf Ahmad and Shaukat Hussain 

... sources of inoculum for bacterial canker of tomato (BCT) caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), in a set of 20 weeds commonly found in tomato fields of major tomato growing areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Northwest Pakistan. Based on agroclimate, KP was divided into five zones as Northern KP, Southern KP, Eastern KP, Western KP and Central KP. A total of 100 collected weed samples were analyzed in laboratory for the presenc...
Alim-un-Nisa1*, Sajila Hina1, Sania Mazhar1, Imran Kalim1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Naseem Zahra1, Shahid Masood1, Muhammad Khalid Saeed1, Qurat-ul-Ain Syed1 and Maida Asif2
...growth rather it has antibacterial activity. The lethal dose and toxicity determination of the color extracted from marigold showed that it is safe for consumption as no clinical symptoms were observed in rabbits after giving the maximum dose of 1000ml of color.
...
Muhammad Naeem1, Bushra Sadia1,2,*, Faisal Saeed Awan1and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
...In this connection, wild bacterial strain Streptococcus equisimilis was mutagenized using ethidium bromide and UV radiation. The colonies (15 each) showing > 1% survival rate at 150 min of UV exposure and 12 % survival at 0.5 mg/ml of ethidium bromide for 120 min were selected. Casein hydrolytic assay identified EB3, EB4, EB6, EB7, EB9, EB11, EB13, UV2, UV4, UV6, UV7, UV9, UV11, UV12 and UV 15 mutants producing halo zones. Percentage blood clot lysis...

 Rahila Nazli, Tehmina Sohail, Bushra Nawab and Zahra Yaqeen*

...nst gram +ve and gram-ve bacteria. The study was also extended to some species of fungi. Results showed that the activity was more pronounced against gram +ve organisms and fungi. Maximum inhibition activity was calculated against all the groups of organisms, which was between 0.5 and 1mg ml-1 against bacteria and 2.5 mg ml-1 against fungi. It is therefore concluded that G. sepium provide a lead towards the exploration of ne...
Maryyum Khalil1, Hamda Azmat1,*, Noor Khan1, Arshad Javid2, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain3, Asim Ullah1 and Sumaira Abbas1
...ereas on skin only total bacterial count (0.36×103)was observed and no coliform bacteria were present while least CFU’s were counted in group 2 among skin 0.14×103 cfu ml-1 and gut 0.10×103 cfu ml-1 on nutrient agar. The results suggested that the enzyme supplementation improved the growth and health of P. hypophthalmus.
...

 Muhammad Zahid Kiani*, Arshad Ali**, Tariq Sultan** and Muhammad Munir Ahmed***

CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM ROOT SYSTEM OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUS L) GROWN UNDER SALT AFFECTED AREA OF PAKISTAN
...nt growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) directly promote plant growth by providing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), solubilization of inorganic phosphates, nitrogen fixation and siderophores and other organic acid production, whereas indirectly support plant growth by suppressing plant pathogens. The objective of this study was isolation and characterization of bacterial strains from rhizosphere, endosphere and rhizoplane of sun...

 Tosif Tabassam*, Tariq Sultan**, M.Ehsan Akhtar**, M.Mahmood-ulHassan** and Arshad Ali**

SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT FORMULATED CARRIERS FOR SUSTAINING MICROBIAL SHELF LIFE
...nt growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains from maize rhizosphere. Different combinations of material were prepared using clay soil (35-50%), fly-ash (30-45%), press mud (5-15%) and lignite (5-15%). Clay soil (53% clay) was used for adhesion purpose but considering free of lump formation an important property of a good carrier, mixing 40% of soil with other material was found suitable. Using 40% of soil, six different treatments were formulated and physi...

Muhammad Zahid Kiani*, Tariq Sultan**, Arshad Ali**, Ghulam Qadir*** Imdad Ali Mahmood**, Tauseef Tabassam**, Muhammad Arshad Ullah** and Nasir Abbas* 

EFFECT OF PGPR STRAINS ON SUNFLOWER GROWTH AND NUTRIENT CONTENTS UNDER SALINITY STRESS
...nt growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are potentially useful for stimulating plant growth under harsh environment. A pot trial was conducted to examine the performance of four isolated strains in five treatments viz., KS 44, KS 7, KS 41, KS 42 and KS mix under four different artificially developed -1 salinity levels (5, 8, 10 and 12 dS m ) at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Hybrid seeds (SMH 0917) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were u...
Rabia Faiz and Dilara A. Bukhari*
...der, respectively. These bacterial isolates have a great potential to grow into a bioinsecticidal formulation for the control of mosquitoes.
...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,*, Sarfraz Ali Tunio1, Shaista Bano Memon1, Abdul Sattar Qureshi2 and Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto
...e enzymatic potential of bacterial species is an essential feature to carry out a wide range of biological and physiological processes, particularly involved in the hydrolysis of complex organic materials. Several pathogenic microbial species utilize enzymes as virulence factors to cause diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate enzymatic activities of the bacterial strain Shigella dysenteriae IM using AP...
Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska1,*, Magdalena Skibicka1, Barbara Cioch-Szklarz1, Jolanta Karakulska2, Karol Fijałkowski2 and Sonia Hiller3
...hogenic or opportunistic bacteria at the level of the average number of micro-organisms (11-50 CFU) or high (> 50 CFU), which negatively affected the health of the calves. However, in cold rearing there was recorded absence or presence of microorganisms in the nasal cavity in a small amount (<10 CFU).
...
Humaira Jabeen and Nazia Jamil*
...for bioplastic producing bacteria. Bacterial strains were isolated from the desert and urban soil samples. A total of 39 strains isolated from Cholistan near Bahawalpur and 24 strains were isolated from various areas of Lahore. Bacterial strains were screened for the production and accumulation of bio-plastic. Only three strains from urban soil sample were able to produce polyhydroxyalkano...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
...late pectinase-producing bacteria from local habitats. To enrich the diversity of isolated bacteria that produce pectinase, samples were collected from the soil, water, fruits and vegetables wastes. Initial screening of pectinase producing bacteria was carried out on pectin containing agar plates of pH 7 incubated at 37ºC. Among isolated thirty-seven strains, a total of thirteen strai...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
...late pectinase-producing bacteria from local habitats. To enrich the diversity of isolated bacteria that produce pectinase, samples were collected from the soil, water, fruits and vegetables wastes. Initial screening of pectinase producing bacteria was carried out on pectin containing agar plates of pH 7 incubated at 37ºC. Among isolated thirty-seven strains, a total of thirteen strai...
Jun-Ying Liu, He-He Liu*, Jie Kou, Yang-Mei Zhao, Ji-Wen Wang, Liang Li and Xiao-Hui Du
...mponent of gram-negative bacteria. To investigate how TLR4 responds to LPS, the TLR4 transcription levels in duck liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were examined after a model for immune stress was implemented through LPS injection in Peking ducks. The results from this assay suggested that LPS injection significantly increased the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in bursa of Fabricius (P<0.05), along with an inc...
Jiji Li*, Tianyang Zu, Xiangli Dong, Xiao Yang, Wei Liu and Changwen Wu
... 3) CCL24 in response to bacterial challenge in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The results revealed that the immunological effect of CCLs in the croaker is weaker than that of other fish, and revealed the infectivity of the large yellow croaker. Thus, these findings could help to develop methods of disease resistance in the aquaculture industry.
...

Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Zahir Shah1 and Farmanullah Khan1 

...Among the microbes, cyanobacteria are known as photoautotrophic, blue green algae which is not a truly eukaryotic algae and grown in different and such complex habitats freely and symbiotic association with large numbers of plants and microbial mats. In this regard, a pot experiment was carried out with the aim to assess the impact of different strains of cyanobacteria on rice crop growth and nutrients uptake under saline so...
Ghulam Muhae-ud-Din1,4, Anam Moosa1, Umer Farooq Ghummen1, Muhammad Jabran1, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed2, Abdul Jabbar1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1,3,*
...pplication of endophytic bacteria Pantoea agglomerans strain MN34 and Pseudomonas putida strain MN12 in a pot experiment. Both endophytes significantly decreased the galling index and promoted the growth of the plants root length, shoot weight and canopy length; however, the highest root weight was observed in the control treatment. P. agglomerans showed more reduction in galling index and increase in plant growth than P. putida. Th...
Ayesha Munir, Hafiz Muhammad Umer, Anjum Nasim Sabri and Imran Sajid*
...aused by multispecies of bacteria. Among the causative agents of dental caries, notable one is Streptococcus mutans, which is an obligate parasite. In this study eleven S. mutans strains were isolated from carious lesions on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar along with twenty potentially active Streptomyces strains were isolated from the soil of agriculture farmlands. The biochemical and physiological characterization along with the molecul...
Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq1,*, Jamil Anwar2, Omara Naeem3,Farah Kanwal1 and Waheed-uz-Zaman1
...ically for separation of bacterial contamination in aqueous systems. After complete freezing, the samples were collected from various sections of the frozen mass and bacterial colonies were counted after proper Gram staining. It was found that more than 90% bacteria were separated along with freezing front and were concentrated in the centre in the case of radial freezing and at the bottom...
Farrukh Jamil*, Samra Raheel and Haroon Rasheed
... that differs from other bacterial tHbs due to its large size, polar heme pocket residues and large cavity for exogenous ligand in the heme pocket. The crystal structures of HGbIV showed that its heme pocket can accommodate and interact with bulky PO4-3 ion. Here, we have docked different smaller molecules/ion like O2, NO, CO, CO2, NO3-1, CH3COO-1 and CN-1 in the...
Jun Chen1, Shuai Shang2, Xiaoyang Wu1, Jiakuo Yan1, Huaming Zhong1, Huanxin Zhang2, Weilai Sha1, Wanchao Zhu1 and Honghai Zhang1,*
...description of the fecal bacterial populations of the cape oryx by using high-throughput Illumina sequencing technology. We analyzed 100,180 high-quality sequences of the 16S rRNA gene obtained from fecal samples from three cape oryx animals, one female and two males. At the 3% level in our research, we found 3959, 4553, and 3930 operational taxonomical units (OTUs). Additionally, the three samples have 754 OTUs in common, which comprised 19.59%, 16.55%, and 1...
Danyu Zhang1, Ying Liu1, Qinxin Shi1, Zhiwei Peng1, Yan Hua1 and Zhijun Hou1,2,*
...hundreds thirty four gut bacteria (genus) of the sable were detected by the saturated NaCl floating and next sequencing methods. The parasites were Capillaria sp., Baylisascaris devosi, Echinochasmus sp., and two Coccidianspecies. The Echinochasmus sp. andtwo Coccidian species were first time found either in sable or in other martens. The 434 genus of bacteria, b...
Nina Bao1,*, Yongguang Yin2 and Panpan Wang3
...t the extraction has antibacterial activity, and the purified one is better than the crude one.
...
Yang Yang1,2, Yun Liu1, Mingxu Zhou1 and Guoqiang Zhu1,*
...ured by motility assays, bacterial gene expression, and host responses to infection. The QS systems and flagellin were coordinately regulated, as deleting fliC caused decreased QS-II activity.
...
Masood Nizam Tabassum1*, Muhammad Ather Khan2, Saira Afzal3, Amir Gilani4, Abdul Wahab Gureja5, ShafaqTabassum6
...is an infectious chronic bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). More than 95% of cases and deaths are reported in developing countries. Tuberculosis affects all age groups but adults are mostly affected in their most productive age. However, all age groups are at risks. In the world, TB is one of the major killer infectious diseases, which place it in one of the top 5 causes of death for females aged 15 to 44. The death rate due t...
Sahar Naz1, Farhan Rasheed2, Muhammad Saeed3*, Shagufta Iram4 and Ambereen Anwar Imran5
...sample was processed for bacterial culture. Bacterial identification was performed according to standard guidelines. Every gram-negative isolate was further processed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by modified Kirby Baur disc diffusion method. Zone sizes were interpreted according to CLSI 2016 guidelines. Next day every carbapenem-resistant isolate were further processed for MβL detection by EDTA method, zone ...

 

Syed Aun Muhammad1, Muhammad Soaib Said2, Shams Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Dawood2, Muneer Ahmed Qazi3 and Nighat Fatima2,*
...
...
Safia Rehman1, Nazish Mazhar Ali1,*, Gerald B. Pier2, Iram Liaqat1 and Bushra Mazhar1
...inst multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens in chronic and acute lung infections. It provides a practical approach towards the use of nanoparticles to enhance antimicrobial activity against these pathogens.
...
Arifa Mehreen1, Iram Liaqat2,Muhammad Arshad3, Muzzamil Waheed4 and Najma Arshad1,*
...div>The understanding of bacterial virulence and immune evasion mechanisms provide novel opportunities to adopt preventive measures and design therapeutics against most prevailing resistant and virulent strains. With this background, this study was designed to characterize Staphylococcus aureus, the most common pathogen,using conventional microbiological and molecular methods. The agar disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibi...
Ali Karabayir1,*, Nazan Arifoğlu2 and Mustafa Öğütcü3
...r, by reducing the total bacteria, coliform and E.coli counts. On the other hand, disinfectant addition decreased feed and water intake of all chicken strains. Furthermore, the results revealed that feed and water intake was strain dependent. Lower feed conversion ratio was observed for chickens provided with disinfectant supplemented drinking water. When considering the live weight gain (LWG) monitored through the 10-week trial, it was found out that t...

Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus1*, Olabode Mayowa Peter2, Muhammad Adamu Abbas3 and Mohammed Dauda Goni

...lopment of resistance in bacteria predates the era of antibiotic use. However, resistance developments in S. aureus have been reported since the early 1940-ties, when penicillin resistant S. aureus was first reported. Ever since, this pathogen has gain global notoriety as the most common cause of nosocomial, community and livestock associated infection. The mechanism of resistance development in bacteria involved the integra...
Junaid Akhtar1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Abdul Waheed1, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed4 and Shah Jahan5,*
...ta;-lactamases (MBLs) in bacteria have severely mitigated the efficiency of carbapenems. MBLs producing gram-negative bacteria have been reported from various hospital settings, worldwide. However, data is lacking in Pakistan regarding their frequency particularly among GNRs. Therefore, the present study aimed at determining the frequency of carbapenemase and β-lactamase producing GNRs recovered from different tertiary ...
Xiaojie Ding, Xiling Sun, Zuien Wang, Qiusheng Zheng, Xiaofei Yu, Wenjin Hao, Kejun Wang, Wenjuan Xu and Zhengping Dong*
...tion and accumulation of bacterial endotoxins; (3) Wumei Pill could reduce the transcriptional level of TLR4/9mRNA, to decrease TLR4/9 protein synthesis and expression. So we concluded that Wumei Pill probably reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the bacterial endotoxins by blocking the transmission of TLR4/9-NF-kB signaling pathway so that Wumei Pill has a significant therapeutic effect on IBS-D.
...
Qiang Li1,2, Guo Qiao2, Li Wang1, Jipeng Zhang1, Ruijun Li1, Ping Ni1, Yi Guo1 and Shigen Ye1,*
...s study investigated the bacterial diversity and Vibrio harveyi distribution associated with diseased fugu (Takifugu rubripes) in northeastern China from January to December in 2014. The main clinical signs included fin ulceration, skin darkness, hepatohemia and intestinal hydrops. Totally, 104 diseased live fish were collected and 70 strains isolated from naturally diseased T. rubripes. Most isolates were obtained in May, September and De...
Soumble Zulfiqar1, Khuram Shehzad1, Sana Tahir1, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim2 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,2,3,*
...ated concentrations. The bacterial cell utilizes a battery of copper detoxification and exclusion mechanisms of which multicopper oxidase (CueO) is an integral component. In addition to acting as copper regulatory elements, CueOs have been shown to possess laccase activity. In this study, we have cloned and over-expressed the CueO of locally isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae KW strain. The CueO protein was purified to homogeneity by nickel affinity ch...
Nimra Naseer, Adeela Fatima and Imran Sajid*
... metabolites against MDR bacterial pathogens. The identification of strains was done by morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization and by 16SrRNA gene sequencing. For biological screening different methods including cross streak, agar plug and well diffusion method were performed. Seven Streptomyces strains including NWMD-6, NWMD-7, NWMD-10, NWMD-11, NWMD-12, NWMD-15 and NWMD-16 were found to have significant antimicrobial activity ag...
Mehwish Aftab, Tariq Mahmud*, Muhammad Asim Raza Basra, Aqsa Gulzar, Sumaira Basharat and H.M. Junaid
...II) complexes showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus by disc diffusion method and antifungal activity against Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum. The metal (III) complexes are highly active under permissible limits.
...
Farah Mansha, Abdul Rehman*
...the present study, three bacterial isolates, named as H1, H4 and M4, were selected on the basis of chitinase assay and diameter of zone of hydrolysis. All the isolates were identified as Bacillus sp. on the basis of biochemical tests, and showed optimum growth at 37°C and pH of 7. All the bacterial isolates showed highest enzyme activity at pH 7. Isolates H4 and M4 showed maximum enzyme activity at 55°C while ...

Asma Sohail1*, Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi1, Maryum Arif2 and Fatima Najam1 

...which is a gram positive bacteria. Pumpkin seed oil and control Streptomycin had almost same inhibitory zone that showed its effective use in food. In general, results showed that encapsulation is an effective approach for protection of active ingredients of pumpkin seed oil. 

...
Zafar Iqbal*, Farah Ansar, Zil-e-Huma
...or parasitic, fungal and bacterial infection. The fish species studied were; Carassius auratus and its six varieties (shubunkin, comet, black moor, oranda, double tail and fantail); molly Poeciliasphenops; platy Xiphophorus maculates; sword tail Xiphophorus helleri; guppy Poecilia reticulata; tiger oscar Astronotus ocellatus; koi carp Cyprinus carpio; giant gourami Osphronemus goramy; blue line shark...

Nadia Khan1*, Abdul Waheed1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Naveed Ahmed1, Zafar Iqbal2, Seemab Ali1, Madiha Bashir1 and Hina Gul3  

...emicals and in vitro antibacterial activity against two phytopathogenic bacterial species (Clavibacter sp. and Xanthomonas sp.) and a human pathogenic bacterium (Escherichia coli) in 2016. Experiment was carried out by using complete randomized design with three replications in vitro. Phytochemical analysis reveals that the methanolic fraction of oil possesses metabolites like carbohydrates, amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoid...

Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ammarah Hasnain2, Ateeq ur Rehman1 and Rashida Perveen1 

 Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Saiqa Andleeb2, Bushra Mazhar1, Anum Imtiaz1, Shaukat Ali2*

Assessment of antibiogram and resistogram of pathogenic bacteria isolated from irrigated wheat field water
...cerned with the study of bacterial pathogens associated with irrigated wheat field water. Study was carried out to check the efficacy of heavy metals and antibiotics against five isolated bacterial pathogens. Different morphological and biochemical tests were performed to identify and characterize bacterial pathogens. Among isolated strains, two belong to genus Staphylococcus spp., other t...

Farah Deeba, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir, Muhammad Irfan, Javed Iqbal Qazi*

Chitinase production in organisms: a review
...n various forms of life (bacteria to higher plants and animals) as one of the most durable, richest biopolymers distributed widely in nature both in the terrestrial and marine environments. Chitinase are chitin degradable enzyme have control of phytopathogens, physiological functions and degradation of chitinous waste. Interest in chitin wastes utilization is increasing day by day because of its natural resistance against degradation. The review focused on dif...

Dilara Abbas Bukhari1, Abdul Rehman2*

Isolation of bioactive compounds from exudate of edible fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus
...crobial activity against bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilus. Biochemical techniques, thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, were employed to study fungal exudate. A total of fifteen different metabolites were detected in the sample by GC/MS. The detected metabolites could be classified into chemical groups of 2 esters, 4 alcohols, 3 benzoic acids, ketone, aldehyde, phenyl and amide groups co...

 Haniya Mazhar1, Naaz Abbas2, Zahid Hussain3, Amir Sohail4, Syed Shahid Ali4*

Extracellular lipase production from Bacillus subtilis using agro-industrial waste and fruit peels
...substrate. A total of 14 bacterial strains were isolated, screened and compared for lipase production. Among the evaluated strains, Bacillus subtilis strain NL-39 was selected on the basis of best lipase production. The maximum enzyme activity (34.93 U/ml) was shown by B. subtilis using SSF with soya bean meal. The lipase production by other low cost agro-industrial waste, including sunflower meal, wheat bran, oat bran, rice bran and sugar cane bagasse was 23....

 Maleeha Manzoor1,2*, Ruijuan Ma2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabssum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1

Microalgal-bacterial consortium: a cost-effective approach of wastewater treatment in Pakistan
... plant. The use of algal-bacterial consortia for wastewater
treatments has proved more effective in biomass production, nutrient cycling and bioremediation of organic
pollutants, heavy metals and many other contaminants. The biodegradation approach of involving consortium might
attain self-sustaining level and may prove technically cheaper and advance technology. It will finally help in dealing
the dual mission of producing valuable...

 Siddra Tayyab Akhtar, Anjum Nasim Sabri

Twitching, swimming, swarming in biofilm forming strains in response to chemical and physical factors
...nd remarkable element of bacterial physiology and
determines the ability of bacteria to form biofilms. There is a need to control
bacterial motility. Present study determined swimming, swarming, and twitching
motilities in response to different physiochemical factors. Twenty-two
morphologically different bacterial strains were...

 Raazia Kiran1, Alya Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan1*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir2

An overview of pre-treatment methods used for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into valuable products
... /> brown-rot fungi and bacteria, and quite a few combinations thereof to
breakdown the lignocellulose into its components. Pre-treatment process changes
cellulose morphological, chemical and physical features, making it prone to
enzymatic attack for saccharification. In this review, we have discussed different
pre-treatment methods and their effect on recalcitrant structure of lignocelluloses
for making it readily available...
Haniya Mazhar1, Naaz Abbas2, Tehseen Zamir3, Zahid Hussain1, Syed Shahid Ali4*
...me activity shown by the bacterial isolate (PCSIR NL-37) from the soil of Lahore (Punjab, Pakistan) are being reported. Lipolytic bacterial strains (100) isolated from soil and water samples from oil industry, mobile oil filling areas and kitchen wastages were screened on tributyrin agar and rhodamine agar plates. The strain PCSIR NL-37 was identified as Bacillus cereus following morphological, biochemical and molecul...

Ali Zohaib1*, Saima Yousaf1,2, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Tahira Tabassum1, Tasawer Abbas3, Wardah Muzaffar1 and Wasiq Ikram2 

...nt growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are cheap and excellent alternate and can be applied as seed inoculation to enhance nutrient use efficiency along with reduced nutrient losses. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed inoculation viz. control (no treatment), Rhizobium japonicum (nitrogen fixing bacteria) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (phosphorus solubilizing bacteria
Chao Zhao1,2, Juan Feng1, Haidong Xu1, Lihua Qiu1,2,*, Qibin Yang1, Zhenhua Ma1 and Jian G. Qin3
...s monodon larvae and bacteria communities in the rearing tanks. The survival of P. monodon in the 36 h experimental period was not significantly affected by the water pretreatment (P > 0.05). However, the bacteria communities were significantly affected by water pretreatment (P < 0.05). Heterotrophic bacteria and vibro counts in the formalin treatment were si...
Fatih Korkmaz1, Veysel Parlak2, Özgür Kaynar3, Arzu Ucar2, Gonca Alak1,* and Muhammed Atamanalp2
... on the protein profile, bacterial content (total aerobic mesophilic, psychotropic and lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and pH values on quality during 12 days. The decrease in bacterial growth activity, physicochemical values (TVB-N, TBARS and pH) and prol...

Saima Yousaf1,2, Ali Zohaib2*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Tahira Tabassum2, Tasawer Abbas3, Sohail Irshad4, Usman Javed5 and Naila Farooq6 

...nt growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be applied to improve the growth and yield by improving nutrient availability to crop plants. A field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of seed inoculation with PGPRs on yield and quality of different genotypes of soybean. Seed inoculation treatments [control (no treatment), nitrogen fixing bacteria (Rhizobium japonicum) and phosphorus solubilizer (Pseudomonas flu...
Peng Song1,2, Wei Feng2, Haiying Shi2,Jinsheng Zhao3, Renmin Liu3 and Wei Xu2,*
...s were investigated. The bacteria was incubated under static conditions in the presence of 50mg/L Amaranth or 5 mg/L Sudan I in LB media at 37°C for 10 h, and reduction of the dyes was monitored. The preferable pH for the decolorization of Amaranth by ts17 strain was between pH 6.0-9.0, and with the optimum pH at 7.0. The promotion effect of NaCl on the decoloration of Amaranth up to 5% (w/w) content, and the inhibition action appeared at 7% NaCl. The maxi...
Hao Gu*, Zhi Yang, Weiqiang Yu, Kan Xu and Yuan-fei Fu*
...ected to explore the antibacterial activity against the four cariogenic bacteria in terms of acid producing and biofilm. The antibacterial activity of capsaicin was evaluated by the minimal bactericidal concentration, change of pH in the first 12 h and OD values of biofilms. Besides, fluorescent images of exopolysaccharides and living bacteria of Stre...
Huseyin Cetin1,*, Oner Kocak2, Emre Oz1, Samed Koc1, Yesim Polat1 and Kalender Arıkan2
...ector of many pathogenic bacteria, fungi and parasites. The use of synthetic pyrethroid (SP) insecticides is recommended by the World Health Organization for the control of adult houseflies. Despite the fact that SPs have been used effectively, this insect has developed resistance in many regions/countries of the world. The use of synergistic substances to overcome insecticide resistance is widespread. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is used as a synergist in combina...
Dur-E-Shahwar1,2, Riaz Ahmad Sheikh1, Nazia Jamil2*
...factants from indigenous bacteria, isolated from produced water and produced water contaminated soil samples collected from three selected sites of Eastern Potwar, Punjab, Pakistan. Forty seven bacteria were isolated out of which five (F1, F3, F20, F23 and C16) were selected on the basis of high optical densities of 0.7, 70% oil and grease reduction potential and maximum CFU/ml of ≥3 ×106. The weights in ...

Hina Ali*, Iram Shaheen and Feroza Hamid Wattoo 

...coli, total coliform and bacterial contamination. The water samples of Dhoke kashmirian, Pandora Satellite town, and Gulshan dadan khan indicated coliform, yeast and bacterial contamination which caused water-borne diseases such as Dysentry, Diarrhea and Typhoid fever. 

...
Muhammad Usman Ahmadand Ikram-ul-Haq*
...cultivation of anaerobic bacteria by employing Hungate Technique where its antioxidant potential was compared with common reducing agent Cysteine-HCl (Cys-HCl). Four anaerobic bacterial strains (Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans OS1, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bilophila wadsworthia, and Roseburia intestinalis) were selected as experimental models for this purpose. Significant improvement in cell densit...

Sabi-Ur-Rehman1, Anwar Khalid2, Qazi Najam Us Saqib3, Farooq Ahmad1, Shaheed-Ur-Rehman4, Neelam Zaman3, Ayeza Mehmood5 and Abdul Samad6*  

...ut, include in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal screening of aqueous methanolic extracts as well as crude saponins isolated from leaves and roots of Sarcococca saligna, using disc diffusion method. The tested bacterial strains include, B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus, P. fluorescens and fungal strains were Aspergillus. niger, A. flavus, and D. turcica. The maximum zones of inhibition, 23.00±0.56 mm and 25.00±...
Song Jiang, Fa-Lin Zhou, Jian-Hua Huang, Qi-Bin Yang* and Li-Shi Yang
...and Lactobacillus bacteria were added to the L. vannamei aquaculture water during seeding. Seven groups were established and the microecological preparations were added every 5 d. Bacillus concentrations in the Y1, Y2 and Y3 groups were 10 ppm, 15 ppm and 20 ppm, respectively, and the Lactobacillus concentrations in the R1, R2 and R3 groups were 20 ppm, 25 ppm and 30 ppm. The control (C) group had no microecological preparation adde...
Yang Liu1, Jing-xin Mao2, Xiao-dong Wei2, Man Yi2, Xiao-long Zhang2, Ke Zheng3, Xian-xin Chen4, Guo-Ze Wang5 and Bing-bo Chen1,*
...d BFA from above 3 mixed bacteria were added by a proportion of 1.5% to the conventional feed. Then the Sprague-Dawley rats were fed by normal feed and 4 different BFA feed for 4 weeks. It was observed that the counts of neutrophils, white blood cells, and monocytes was significantly decreased in the lactobacillus BFA group than the control group (P<0.05); neutrophil was reduced in bacillus BFA group than the control group significantly (P<0.05). Compare...
Tahira Moeen Khan* and Amat ul Mateen
...cal applications as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-cancer agents. In this work leaf extracts of Melia azedarach (commonly known as dharaik) a species of family Meliaceae and Morus nigra (commonly known as Shahtoot) family Moraceae were used for bio reduction of copper ions to CuO nanoparticles in place of harmful and expensive chemical/physical methods. A cheaper, simple to perform method giving high yield without by products is employ...

Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Sidra Mushtaq1, Muhammad Tariq Malik2, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Shoaib Fareed3, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar

...e that no viruses or any bacteria has been reported from a singly tree in whole of the Indian sub-continent. Although the involvement of the insect’s species has been recorded and authenticated by various scientists reporting that these acts as the carrier of the fungal spores and produce tunnels in the bark of the trees. Since, many extensive filed surveys of forests, avenues, road sides and canal banks has been made to calculate the total losses and mo...

 Sohaib Afzaal1, Usman Hameed2, Nasir Ahmad3,*, Naeem Rashid3 and Muhammad Saleem Haider1

...of lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) were screened, out of one hundred and forty-four (144) bacterial strains isolated from different local food groups, on the basis of stress tolerance assays. Identification of the screened strains was further confirmed by 16S ribosomal DNA sequences and strain level differentiation was carried out by sugar fermentation tests. These strains were further analyzed for their ability to prod...
Jie Yang
...ts to mammals, recognize bacterial peptidoglycan, and function in antibacterial immunity and inflammation. Mammals have four PGRPs (PGLYRP1, PGLYRP2, PGLYRP3 and GLYRP4). They are secreted proteins expressed in different tissues. It is significant to make a study of human PGLYRP1 because neutrophils are a more dominant mechanism in human host defense. Related research results show the functions of human PGLYRP1 in the innate...
Muhammad Shahid Nadeem*, Maryam A. Al-Ghamdi and Jalaluddin Azam Khan
...nts. The asparaginase of bacterial origin has been extensively applied in the treatment of childhood lymphomas and leukaemia. However, the glutaminase activity of enzyme can cause serious side-effects triggering a search for highly specific and more stable enzyme. In the present study the gene consisting of 972bp coding for 323 amino acids was PCR amplified from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465 was PCR amplified and recombinant plasmid pET22b-Asn...
Fan Yi1,2, Xiaobin Yang1, Shigen Ye1, Hua Li1 and Ruijun Li1,*
...or its antiviral and antibacterial activities. In this study we are investigating the effect of HCT in aquaculture animals. In this study, 300 olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) were stochastically divided into four experimental groups: basal diet feeding group, 0.5% HCT continuous feeding group, 1% HCT feeding group, and 1% HCT interval feeding group. Three replicates were set for each treatment, and 25 fish were stocked on each replicate. The re...

Javed Asghar Tariq1*, Bashir Ahmed2, Manzoor Ali Abro2, Muhammad Ismail1, Muhammad Usman Asif1 and Raza Muhammad1 

...xt-align: justify;">Rhizobacteria have ability to enhance plant growth as well as to have antagonistic effect against another pathogenic microflora. Current studies were designed with the aim to search out such type of antagonistic bacteria from rice crop. For this purpose, soil was collected from rice growing areas of Tando Jam. The isolation from rhizospheric soil was done by dilution plate technique. Among isolated isolat...

Abdul Kabir1, Laiba Uroog2*, Naushad Ahmad3, Fawad Ahmad3, Muhammad Saqib3, Noor Badshah4 and Taj Ali Khan3 

...contagious environmental bacterial species. In Pakistan, it is the major disease of different dairy animals including bovines. However, only a little information is available about bacterial profile of the disease. A cross-sectional study was conducted to find the Etio-prevalence of bacterial species causing subclinical mastitis in a cohort of buffaloes at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. 120 quarter s...

Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi* 

...ticle on the destructive bacterial blight disease of rice, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, in rice producing areas. This article comprehensively reviews the etiology, symptomatology, pathogen biology, disease development, disease cycle, epidemics and epidemiology, geographical distribution and strategies for the disease management viz., exploitation of host plant resistance, cultural, physical, chemical and biological control. Studies on pathogen vari...
Emel Banu Buyukunal1,*, Rojan Ibrahim Albazaz1 and Mehmet Ali Bal2,3
... of antibiotic resistant bacteria in food producing animals is considered an important transmission source for both direct and indirect transfer of those bacteria to human. For this reason, 45 cloacal samples comprising from 23 Japanase quails and 22 chickens were analyzed by conventional and molecular methods for E. coli isolation in this study. Subsequently, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of E. coli is...
Mohsan Iqbal1, Farid Asif Shaheen1, Rashid Mahmood2,*, Muhammad Khalid Rafique2, Imran Bodlah1, Farah Naz3 and Muhammad Usman Raja3
.../i> and entomopathogenic bacteria (EPB), Photorhabdus temperata and Xenorhabdus nematophila were studied as bio-control agents to manage this pest. In addition, percent conidial germination and % mortality of C. chinensis were also evaluated when B. bassiana was used with DEBBM. The minimum number of eggs (0.66 grain-1), number of holes (1 grain-1), number of F1 new emerged (5.6 jar-1), da...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Nazish Mazhar Ali2, Najma Arshad3, Riffat Iqbal1 and Zain-ul-Abideen1
... and chymotrypsin target bacterial virulence in Desulfovibrio spp. that causes bacteremia, periodontitis and abdominal infections. Ten soil samples were collected and screened by morphological and biochemical study. Only one strain DUV1 was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as D. vulgaris (accession number: KY698020). It showed significantly reduced biofilm formation (52%; p<0.05) by test tube method compared to liquid interface coverslip ...
Zhimin Yuan1, Yan Yu2, Yanmei Wang1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...thogens. Some strains of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of bats are pathogenic to humans. Hypsugo alaschanicus feeds on insects and has a wide geographic distribution in China, and people are in frequent contact with these bats. However, assessing the gut microbiota, especially the potential pathogens, is needed for public health. Thus, this study aimed to explore the microbial diversity of the gastrointestinal tract of H. alaschanicus...
Ghalia Nawal1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Saira Ashfaq3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1    
...g microbial lipases, the bacterial lipases holds very prominent stance. The specificity of lipases is far-fetched for their point selection and kinds of reactions they undergo on their discernible substrates. Most suitable production plan involves Sub-merged liquid fermentation in fed batch manner using agricultural wastes. Bacterial lipases are preferred due to their extra cellularity, easy step down approach and pract...

Muhammad Shafique, Nosheen Noor Elahi*, Muhammad Rashid, Amjad Farooq and Kausar Hussain Shah

...nt growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is effective against this stress. Mung bean is an important crop that is used as food. Present experiment was conducted under natural environment to evaluate the effect of PGPR on biomass production, nitrogen and proteins percentage of four mung bean varieties under different NaCI levels in sand culture after 5,7 and 9 weeks of sowing. Both inoculated and uninoculated plants were grown on mineral medium that were N-free...

Yasir Ali1,2*, Bashir Ahmad1, Naqeebullah Jogezai3 and Adil Hussain

...producing psychrotrophic bacteria from water and soil samples collected from different glaciers of Karakorum Range of mountains, Pakistan. Serial dilution and plating approaches were exploited for bacterial isolation and the isolates were qualitatively screened for proteolytic and lipolytic activity with skim milk and Tributyrin agar (TBA plate) assay method. From the collected samples, a total of 20
Shujjah Haider1,*, Ayesha Maqbool1, Tariq Pervez1, Saima Parveen1, Arfan Ahmad2, Zahid Iqbal3, Javed Iqbal3, Shahid Mehmood3, Amanullah Khan4 and Sajid Umar5
Qiuxia Lei1, 2, Haixia Han1, 2, Jinbo Gao1, 2, Yan Zhou1, 2, Wei Liu1, 2, Chunlei Wang3, Jie Liu1, 2, Dingguo Cao1, 2, Huimin Li1 , Baohua Huang1,* and Fuwei Li1, 2, *  
...plored the efficiency of bacteria in decomposing the poultry manure through testing the variation of gas production and nitrogen(N), phosphorus (P), potassium(K)in the fermentation process. Poultry litter, sawdust and rice husk were mixed in equal quantities by volume. One was treated with a single strain of Bacillus; another was treated with a consortium of bacteria comprising several species; and the third kept as t...
Adel E.M. Mahmoud1, AdamCieślak2, Paulina Szulc2, Anna Łukomska3 and Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel2,*
...ntly increased number of bacteria. D3 and D4 diets resulted in higher (P<0.001) concentration of Holotrichs. The ratio of acetate to propionate increased linearly with inclusion of dried sugar beet in the diet, however statistically significant differences were found only in D4. On basis of presented data, it could be concluded that yellow corn could be partially of fully substituted by dried sugar beet pulp without negative impact on rumen parameter...

Matiullah Khan*, Shameemul Sibtain Shah, Atiqullah Khan, Muhammad Sarwar and Shoaib Ahmed 

Abdul Waheed1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Junaid Akhtar4, Muhammad Saeed5, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed6 and Shah Jahan7,*
Lin Qi, Lu Li, Danyang Chen, Mingxiao Liu, Yan Wu and Wei Hu*
...sitive and Gram-negative bacteria. The molecular mass and purity of this polypeptide was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and Bruker micOTOF OllQ TOF mass spectrometry, respectively. The full amino-acid sequence of the monomericpeptide was analyzed by sequential Edman degradation using a protein/peptide sequencer. The antibacterial activity of the protein monomer in antlerplate was studied by disc...
Sabbah M. Allam, T.M. El-Bedawy, M.H. Bakr and A.E.M. Mahmoud*
...ount of fecal pathogenic bacteria e.g. E. coli and Salmonella spp. Forty lactating Holstein cows, weighing 550±50 kg, with an average of 20 kg daily milk yield, were randomly divided into four groups (ten in each group). Animals were fed rations containing DOP at 0, 25, 50 and 75% substitution of yellow corn grains (R1, R2, R3 and R4, respectively). Digestion trail was conducted in the last week of the experiment using Acid Insolubl...
Mohammed Al Bratty1,*, Hassan A. Alhazmi1,2, Desam Nagarjuna Reddy3, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab3, Sadique A. Javed1 and Zia ur Rehman1,4
...croorganisms for its antibacterial and antifungal activities. The major classes of compounds indentified in the extract were fatty acid esters and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Methyl-(7Z)-7-hexadecenoate, methyl-(9E)-octadecenoate and methyl tetracosanoate were found to be the principal fatty acid esters, while E-pentatriacont-17-ene and 2,4-dimethylpentane were identified as predominant aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds. The propolis extract has exhibited remarkable...
Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Asma Ashraf 2*, Iram Liaqat2, Bushra Mazhar2, Shaukat Ali2 and Saiqa Andleeb3
... characterize pathogenic bacteria from eye infections. The samples were taken from corneal eye infections. The collection of samples was done from “Layton Rehmat Eye Hospital, Township Lahore”. Isolated bacterial pathogens were identified on the basis of morphological and various biochemical tests. Morphologcal tests included different staining procedures includng Gram’s staining and Endospore staining. Ide...

Muhammad Naeem Khan* and Asad Jan 

...splayed considerable antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas campestris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing 12.6±0.54 mm and 20.6±0.53 mm zone of inhibition, respectively which was analogous to that of cefixime, used as standard drug. In case of antifungal activity MCE hindered the growth of Fusarium oxysporum effectively, causing 19.3±0.41 mm zone of inhibition, while the activity of other solvent was moderate. 

...
Fizza Anwar1, Muddassar Zafar1*, Zahid Anwar1, Raja Tahir Mehmood2
... leading to hindrance in bacterial growth. In addition, phylogenetic tree was also constructed using 18s rRNA gene of A. niger and gene clusters of secondary metabolites were determined through bioinformatics tools. 
...
Ali Mujtaba Shah1,2,3, Ali Raza Shah3, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Muhammad Yousif2, Zhisheng Wang1*
...ld otherwise be bound by bacteria. Moreover, the adequate colostrum reduces neonatal mortality, strengthen immunity and increase animal lifespan. Delaying intake of colostrum in dairy calves causes decreased transport of both immunoglobulins as well as fat-soluble vitamins. In this review, an attempt has been made to study the composition of colostrum, i.e. fat, protein, immunoglobulin, lactose, oligosaccharide, vitamins, minerals, growth factors and nu...
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Palwasha Jabeen, Chand Raza, Shaukat Ali
...een found to possess antibacterial properties and application in culturing tissues including skin, bone, cartilage and nerves. Sericin has been hailed to have antitumor activity and has also been widely used in different cosmetics. The major hindrance in using spider silk for different purposes is due to its small obtainable amount. Efforts are being made to overcome this problem by modern biotechnological techniques including of making transgenic organisms.
Muhammad Shoaib1,3*, Arif Ismiyev2,Khudaverdi Ganbarov3, Aygun Israyilova3 and Sajid Umar4
...ty against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi by agar well diffusion method. In second step, minimum inhibitory concentration of test compounds was determined against bacterial species by using resazurin microplate assay. All the tested compounds exhibited variable antimicrobial properties against various test cultures. All the compounds showed stronger antimic...

Imran1*, Amanullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Zahir Shah2 and Abdul Bari3 

...f phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (Pseudomonas) and phosphorus (P) on weeds frequency, and biomass at various growth stages of soybean and its yield contributing parameters. The consecutive field experiments for years 2016 and 2017 using randomized complete block design (RCBD) were conducted on soybean (cv. Malakand-96) crop. Experimental treatments included three organic sources, three phosphate rates and two beneficial microbes. Weeds found during the ...
Barkat Ali1,2, Wasim Sajjad1,2,3, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Rafiq1, Sahib Zada1, Aamer Ali Shah1 and Fariha Hasan1,*
...endolithic and epilithic bacterial strains from the rapidly weathering rocks collected from Nathiagali, Pakistan to characterize and screen them for antimicrobial activity. The isolates were identified based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Antibacterial activity of the isolates was checked against ATCC strains E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Seven different types ...

Saleha Ashfaq1, Manzoor Hussain1, Nazish Bibi2, Jan Alam1, Muhammad Junaid2 and Sabi-Ur-Rehman3*

...diffusion method against bacterial and fungal strains, while cytotoxic activity was studied in the methanolic extract using brine shrimp’s lethality assay. All the extracts showed significant biological activity against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and selected fungal strains. Acetone, chloroform and methanolic extracts showed maximum activity i-e 39mm, 44mm and 35mm followed by ethyl acetate 27mm and n-hexane...

Muhammad Rehan3, Asim Aslam3, Javeria Umber4, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan3, Waqar Azeem3, Hassan Aftab5, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Abid6, Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hafiz Hasnain Ayoub5, Altaf Hussain2 and Muhammad Farooq Khalid1* 

...against different viral, bacterial, parasitic infections and non-infectious disorders.  

...

Nosheen Noor Elahi1, Muhammad Shafique1, Muhammad Imtiaz2, Umer Farooq3* and Muhammad Rashid1 

...nt growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) play important role in eliminating the effect of salinity. Cicer arietinum L. is an important legume crop having high quantity of proteins. In the present study, four varieties (CM44, CM91, CM98 and CM2000) were grown in the presence and absence of PGPR inoculated media and nitrogen in different salinity levels (20, 50, 100, 200 and 300mM NaCl). The biomass production of the varieties CM91 and CM98 increased at 20-100m...
Erum Yawar Iqbal1*, Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon1, Shahnaz Dawar2 and Shahina Fayyaz1
...igenous entomopathogenic bacteria (EPB) Xenorhabdus have been used to access their efficiency against cotton Aphid Aphis gossypii (Glov.). An efficient formulation of different parts of bacterial culture such as, cell-free supernatant, crude cell extract, bacterial culture and methanol extract in in vitro and green house condition have been exploited. The results have ...
Sana Aslam1, Wayne Thomas Shier2 and Imran Sajid1*
...was to explore the actinobacterial diversity of the saline lake, situated in the salt range, Punjab, Pakistan and to screen them for antagonistic activities against multi drug resistant pathogens and to characterize the bioactive metabolites produced by them. A total of seventy strains of actinomycetes were isolated from lake samples, out of them only forty bioactive strains were selected for further characterization on the basis of their preliminary antimicro...

Muhammad Rasheed*, Tayyaba Naseer, Asma Hassan, Fayaz ul Hassan, Rifat Hayat, Ghulam Jilani, Samman Gul Vaseer and Muhammad Bilal Ali 

...s the effect of isolated bacteria from nodules on growth and nodulation of the lentil cultivars. Different cultivars were used in this experiment; Markaz 2009, Masoor 2009 and NIA 2005 treatments were used viz BS0 (control), (Pseudomonas stutzeri), BS2 (Lysinibacillus pakistanensis) and BS3 (Pseudomonas stutzeri + P2O5@40kg/h). Application of BS3 enhanced the plant height (31.423 cm), leaf area plant-1 (15.459 cm2), leaf area index (1.9323) and leaf area durat...
Farzana Rashid1, Rabia Masood1 and Mariam Faiz2*
...ed worldwide among Enterobacteriaceae. In this study, 240 non repetitive gram negative clinical isolates were studied for antimicrobial resistance. Presence of bla NDM was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Among 240 strains, prevalence of MBL in K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and Acinetobacter Species was 26%, 52%, 27% and 5% respectively. Prevalence of blaNDM-1 gene was 51% identified in 14 strains of P. aeruginosa, 2 strains of A. Baumanni, 29 ...
Mubashra Salim1, Omeira Ibrahim1, Hugo Vilhena2,3,4, Carla Maia5, André Pereira5, Maria Shahzeen1, Shabana Kalsoom1, Asim K. Mahmood6 and Furhan Iqbal1*
...e obligate Gram-negative bacteria that target red blood cells, and infect a wide range of hosts including cats, dogs, domestic ruminants, pigs, rodents and humans. The present study was designed for the molecular detection of Mycoplasma haemofelis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum in feline blood samples collected from various pet clinics in Pakistan, by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), using 16S rDNA as the target sequence. Clinical and epi...

Kenneth Nnamdi Anueyiagu*, James Jingmang Kopmut, Chrysantus Achi Lagi and Kelly Nkem Okoh 

... and thereafter standard bacterial procedure continued. A total of 83 (51.9%) S aureus isolates were identified, 54 (33.8%) MRSA, and 15 (9.4%) Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The study showed a statistical association between the prevalence of MRSA in livestock and students. This could lead to cross infection of MRSA from livestock to man and vice versa, hence of public health significance. 

...
Ali Asghar1*, Tariq Mukhtar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Asim Gulzar2
... root-knot nematodes and bacterial wilt is lacking in chili, therefore, in the present study, effects of Meloidogyne javanica and Ralstonia solanacearum were studied on chili singly and in combinations. Significant effects of M. javanica and R. solanacearum and their interaction were observed in case of shoot and root lengths and weights of chili. The mean lengths and weights of shoot and root varied significantly as a result of bot...

Muhammad Zeeshan Nazar*, Ayyan Umer, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar, Faiz Ullah Faiz and Sikandar Hussain 

... diseases. Among the all bacterial diseases of B. mori, flacherie is injurious disease that is initiated by entomo-pathogenic bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis var. sotto (Bts). The impact of this infectious disease is weight loss, reduction in cocoon quality as well as quantity and source of infestation for healthy larva. In current study, the 3rd instar larva of B. mori were fed on the leaves of Morus alba treated with B. t...
Mohammad Ejaz1, Salma Javed2, Muhammad Hamza1, Sadia Tabassum2, Muhammad Abubakar3, Irfan Ullah4*
...ed as antimicrobial, antibacterial and anticancer agents. Fungal endophytes like Taxomyces andreanae isolated from Yew plant have the potential to produce an anti-cancer compound called Paclitaxel. Other different fungal endophytic species produce various other types of anticancer compounds like camptothecin, podophyllotoxin, torreyanic acid, vincristine, and vinblastine. This review is organized to describe the general study of natural bioactive molecu...

Attique Ahmed1, Tariq Sultan1, Ghulam Qadir2, Obaid Afzal2*, Mukhtar Ahmed5, Shamim-Ul-Sibtain Shah3, Muhammad Asif4, Safdar Ali2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood

...nt growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) promote crop growth and seed yield. However, in farm management practices genotype and environmental conditions may also affect the growth and nutrient uptake. PGPR and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in combination with synthetic fertilizers can enhance crop productivity and soil fertility. Present experiment aimed to investigate the effect of PGPR and PSB inoculation with T1 C...
Samia Afzal*,Sadia Zahid, Iram Amin, Muhammad Shahid and Muhammad Idrees
...he second most prevalent bacterial species in mosquitoe’s midgut. This observation may lead  towards the confusion that the outbreak is either of Dengue or Chikunguna virus. In conclusion, confirmatory molecular characterization of the viral genome remains controversial and further studies are needed in this respect.
...

Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2 and Farhan Anwar Khan

...d positive for acid fast bacteria through ZN staining whereas the prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis was confirmed in 65 (4.04%) and 85 (5.29%) isolates through culture and PCR respectively. The zoonotic spread of M. bovis infection was established in the study area. The data determines that animal food products in Pakistan are common reservoirs of mycobacteria and may pose great risk to the public. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) ...

Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Muhammad Zubair Khan1, Ayesha Bibi2, Muhammad Shehzad Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad

...ysanthemi (gram-negative bacteria). Highest plant height (75.3 cm) and maximum number of fruits plant-1 (14.3) were recorded with A. indica when applied at 15ml L-1 along with highest dose of boron at 3.95 g seedbed-1. The severity was observed 0.0% in supplement of boron of high dose with addition to neem extract and bactericide. Maximum yield (106.7 tons ha-1) was recorded with A. indica at the rate of 15ml L-1 and boron at the rate of 3.95 g seedbed-1. It w...

Ghulam Akbar1*, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Ali Ahmad2, Neha Arooj1 and Shahneela Nusrat

...ecially by Streptococcus bacterial spp. Therefore, it is antigenic in nature due to microbial source which restricts its use. However, it is necessary to truncate antigenic regions present in the SK gene for the removal of streptokinase antigenicity. The basic goal of this research work is to highlight antigenic regions founded in streptokinase molecule and to give strategy to remove these antigenic sites. 

...
Imran Khan1, Muhammad Nawaz1,*, Aftab Ahmad Anjum1, Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad2, Adnan Mehmood1, Masood Rabbani1, Amina Mustafa1 and Muhammad Asad Ali1
...eived only the challenge bacteria (S. enteritidis) ATCC 13076 at day 07. Groups (3, 4 and 5) received probiotics (IKP23, IKP111, IKP333) at day 01 to 35 and challenge bacteria at day 07 in prevention model. Groups (6, 7 and 8) started receiving probiotic at day 07 to day 35 and challenge bacteria at day 07 in treatment model. Group 09 started receiving commercial probiotic Protexin ...
Murtala Muhammad, Ting Zhang, Siyu Gong, Jing Bai, Jiansong Ju, Baohua Zhao* and Dong Liu*
...c resistant strains. The bacteria was responsible for the disease outbreak that caused massive mortality of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) in 2016. We isolated the pathogenic bacteria (HNM-1) from the infected A. sinensis and identified its identity by conventional physiological, biochemical, and molecular techniques. Virulence and pathogenesis of the disease were determined by intraperitoneal injection ...
Shaheen Rahman1, Kafeel Ahmad1*, Niaz Ali2, Muhammad Idrees3 and Waqar Ali4
...pathogenicity tests. The bacterial cells were rod shaped having rounded ends. The strains were Gram positive. Results confirmed the pathogenicity of the isolated strains as shown by development of tumours on carrot and potato discs. The pathogenic potential of the isolated strains demand for proper management and control measurements to spread and prevent infections of A. tumefaciens.
...

Abid Khan*, Mukhtar Alam and Yousaf Jamal 

...pecies of photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter spaeroides), lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus lactis), yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisae, Candida utilis), actinomycetes (Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces griesus) and fermenting fungi (Aspergillus oryzae, Mucor heimalis). Farm yard manure (FYM) and poultry manure (PM) were used as organic sources of nitr...
Fehmina Ashraf1*, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Shaukat Ali3, Muhammad Khan1
...ed in various species of bacteria, plants and in different genera of fungi. Laccases have been purified by various methods. It involves in di-oxygen to water reduction and 1e- oxidation of phenolic and its allied parts. Laccases are mostly used in different industries like food, paper and pulp, pharmaceutical and textile etc. Both laccases and mediators have been used in different process like delignification of pulp. Laccases from bac...

Md. Al-Amin Tan1, Mst. Antora Akter1, Md. Sabuj Rahman1, Marzia Rahman2 and Md. Mahmudul Alam1* 

...f these antiseptics. The bacterial swabs collected at different stages of skin preparations were transferred in nutrient broth and cultured in Plate Count Agar for counting of Colony Forming Unit (CFU). Results revealed that Chlorxylenol was less efficacious than PI and Chlorhexidine gluconate when mean CFU was counted at different stages of surgical field preparation. Soap water scrubbing and ethanol spray followed by aqueous Chlorhexidine gluconate painting ...

Anurag Sharma*, Naresh Kumar, Geetanjali Singh and Anika Sharma 

..., anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal and galactagogue activity. The commercially available drugs pose health threats and prove detrimental to both human and animal health. The traditional use of herbal preparations suggests that they are safe and effective, however, scientific validation is still required for many of them especially for animal use. The phyto-pharmacological research on these two natural products show a ray of hope for the discovery o...

Pravin Mishra1, Md. Muket Mahmud2, Md. Ahosanul Haque Shahid2, Alamgir Hasan2, Vivek Kumar Yadav3 and Moinul Hasan1* 

...t with myiasis wound and bacteria associated with myiasis wound was studied and further molecular detection confirms the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the outer part of the wound but not from the inner part. The study helps and aware the veterinarians, health-workers, and general people regarding the situation of antibiotic resistance. As maggot helps in the reduction of bacteria, this can be u...

Kajol, A. H. Bhat, Aasha and A. K. Chaubey

Biochemical and molecular characterization of Photorhabdus akhurstii associated with Heterorhabditis indica from Meerut, India
...3 domain. The associated bacterial symbiont of the DH3 strain was identified as Photorhabdus akhurstii based on phenotypic, biochemical and 16S rDNA data. Most of the biochemical tests were negative and only three tests were found positive viz., Urease, Nitrogen reduction and Oxidase. Further, we evaluated its pathogenicity against Galleria mellonella and Helicoverpa armigera. The LD50 value of strain DH3 against G. mellonella larvae at 48 hours was 8 IJs/larv...

S. Ahmed† , L. Yue, Q. Liu and H. Jian

Evaluation of media for mass production and fermentation of Pseudomonas spp. for integrated management of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae)
...r 100 hours (4days). The bacterial culture filtrates produced during fermentation in different media compositions showed varied results on the bioassay against the second stage juvenile mortality (J2) of H. avenae. The culture filtrates formed in media No.8 (Corn flour 17g/L, Glucose 10g/L, Soybean Cake Powder 25g/L, Maltose 10g/L, Yeast Extract 5g/L) and media No.5 (Corn flour 5g/L, Yeast Extract 1.5g/L, Fish Peptone 2.5g/L, Soybean Cake Powder 20g/L, Peptone...

U. A. Al-Karim, A. A. Alshimaysawe, A. E. Mohammed† , W. A. R. Aljaafri and F. A. Al-Fadhal

Evaluation of biological seed treatments for management of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton
...eated with Abamectin and bacteria had fewer vermiform adults in the soil in comparison with the non-treated seeds. The bacteria and Burkholderia spp., seeds treatments drastically suppressed the number of eggs isolated from cotton roots compared with the non-treated control. Abamectin also inhibited the number of vermiform life-stages found in the soil as compared to the nontreated control. Biological seed treatments produce...

Anjum and Ahmad Khan*

Phenology, Crop Stand and Biomass of Wheat in Response to Farmyard Manure and Soil Amendments
...beneficial microbes like bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes. Average over years, the maximum days to anthesis (126 days), physiological maturity (154 days) and enhanced emergence (9 days) were observed with 20 Mg FYM ha-1. The emergence m-2 (126), leaf area tiller-1 (107 cm2), plant height (96.5 cm) and biomass (11783 kg ha-1) were improved with 20 Mg FYM but were non-significantly different from plots having 15 Mg FYM ha-1 over two years averaged data. Among t...
Sumaira, Ali Mujtaba Shah*, Ghulam Asghar Solangi, Ifra Anwar, Qudratullah Kalwar 
..., such as antiviral, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-carcinogenic and anti-ageing. Besides, camel milk contains abundant proteins which are conductive to improve the immunity functions. Thus, it is necessary to illuminate the beneficial impact of camel milk and its composition. 
Ayesha Noreen1, Amina Elahi1, Dilara Abbas Bukhari2 and Abdul Rehman1*

 

... This arsenite resistant bacterial strain oxidized 76 and 86.5% As3+ from the original industrial wastewater after 3 and 6 days of incubation, respectively. This bacterially treated wastewater, when used for plant growth, revealed an improved growth of Vigna radiata as compared to the original (untreated) wastewater. This multiple metal resistant bacterium’s ability to convert toxic arsenite into rela...
Shikun Ge1, 2, Yanli Yang3, Brindha Chelliappan4, 5, Antonysamy Michael5, Fagang Zhong1 and Xiaoying Zhang1, 2, 3, 4*
... yolk powder can prevent bacterial contamination and inactivation due to the formation of sediment. This study provide basic data for IgY application in animal feed supplements.
...
Aribah Naz1*, Uzma Badar1,Afsheen Arif2*, Zaid Qureshi1, Sondas Saeed1,Erum Shoeb1, Maqsood Ali Ansari1 and Obaid Yusuf Khan1
...ize: small;">Luminescent bacteria are the most widely distributed organisms among glowing creatures, many of which are found in sea water while some are found in fresh water or terrestrial habitat. Marine micro flora possesses unique features that help them to survive under diverse environmental conditions including high salinity and low pH. Ease of detection is one of the prominent features of these glowing organisms to be the center of attention of many rese...
Safia Arbab1, Rehana Buriro1, Shams Uddin Bhugio1, Atta Hussain Shah2,  Jamila Soomro3,Qudratullah Kalwar4, Saqib Ali Fazilani1 and Waseem Ali Vistro5*
...e the exploration of antibacterial activity of the Aloe Vera in different families of animals. However, very limited information is documented about antibacterial activity of Aloe Vera in equines. The present study was designed to check the antibacterial activity of the Aloe Vera against most pathogens found in the wounds of donkey. For this purpose, two different concentrations 30 µ...
Chao Zhao1,2, Sigang Fana2 and Lihua Qiua2,3,*
...nvestigate the effect of bacterial dynamics and water quality factors on Penaeus monodon larvae. We recorded the survival rates, water quality (total ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate concentration), heterotrophic bacteria, and vibrios during different P. monodon stages(nauplii, zoea, mysis stage, postlarvae). In ponds 1, 2, 3 and 4, the survival rates were significantly lower but the nitrite concentration and...

Muhammad Arsaln1, Sair Sarwar2*, Rizwan Latif1, Junaid Nawaz Chauhdary3, Munazza Yousra2 and Shahbaz Ahmad2

Effect of Vermicompost and Microbial Inoculants on Yield, Soil Fertility and Economics of Wheat under Rainfed Conditions
... phosphorus solubilizing bacterial (PSB) as microbial inoculants along with recommended dose of NPK fertilizers (RDF) were applied at the time of sowing. The combined application of VC, PSB and RDF increased the wheat yield 2684 kgha-1 and 3179 kgha-1 while the yield recorded in control was 572 and 887 kgha-1 for two consecutive years. Same trend was observed in other yield attributes i.e. no. of tillers m-2 (T8; 348, 352 vs control; 240, 238), spike length (T...

Tahseen Ullah* and Noor ul Amin

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts
...ext-align: justify;">Antibacterial activities of four medicinal plants, Silybum marianum, Berberus lycium, Peganum harmala and Curcuma longa and standard antibiotic tetracycline was carried out in the biosafety level 3 Microbiology Lab, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK. Two different concentrations (low, 5 mg/ml and high extracts, 300 mg/ml) of these plants were evaluate against two different bacteria
Aatif Amin1,*, Zakia Latif2, Arslan Sarwar1, Basit Zeshan1 and Mushtaq A. Saleem1
...sistant (HgR) bacteria were isolated from heavy metal polluted wastewater and soil, collected from the proximity of some tanneries from Kasur, Pakistan. Three out of 30 bacterial strains were screened out on the basis of resistance level against various concentrations of HgCl2. Bacterial isolatesAZ-1, AZ-2 and AZ-3 showed resistance up to 40 μg/mL of HgCl2

Taqi Raza1*, Sergio de Los Santos Villalobos2, Muhammad Shehzad3, Shakeel Imran4 and Derly José Henriques da Silva5

PGP Characterization of Rhizobacteria Associated with Apple Gourd (Praecitrullus fistulosus L.)
...nt growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial group of microorganisms which improve plant and soil health by enhancing nutrient availability and protecting plant against stresses. The current study was carried out to characterization of rhizobacteria associated with Apple Guard (Praecitrullus fistulous L.). Morphological, qualitative and quantitative tests were performed to characterize the PGPR abilities of isolat...
Ayesha Talib1,2, Khanzadi Nazneen Manzoor1, Wajahat Ali1, Maria Saeed1, Muhammad Asif Gondal1, Malik Badshah3 and Abid Ali Khan1*
...ultidrug Resistant (MDR) bacteria is evaluated. The total formation of the Cu nanoparticles was observed visually with a color change and confirmed by the appearance of peak through UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis. The electron microscopy imaging revealed that the biogenic Cu nanoparticles were spherical in shape and had a diameter of 30-40 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles showed promising antibacterial activity against MDR cl...

Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Youssef* and Suzan Abd-Elazeim Hassabo

The Role of Genetic Engineering in Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes with Emphasis on Root-Knot Nematodes: A Review
...he cells into any virus, bacteria, plasmid or other vector system in which they are capable of continued propagation. Azotobacter spp. with nematicidal activity could control root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The development of such strains by genetic manipulation by transferring gene (s) required for saponins production is effective in increasing crop yield together with fixing nitrogen. Escherchia coli is still used as a host for the recombinant DNA...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq1*, Muhammad Kamran1, Muhammad Idrees1, Shahid Nazir2, Ihsan Ullah3, Sumera Naz1, Shaukat Ali1 and Muhammad Zafar Iqbal2

Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Citri Associated with Kinnow (Mandarin) and its Management
... freshly growing aqueous bacterial culture using CTAB protocol with modifications. Amplification of 581bp fragment from isolated DNA from bacterial isolates confirmed the presence of pathogen i.e. X. axonopodis pv. citri. The amplified PCR product was purified and further confirmed by sequencing which showed 100% similarity with 40 nucleotide sequences of X. axonopodis pv. citri submitted in NCBI. Relative efficacy of six an...

Sidra Shehzadi, Sher Bahadar Khan*, Umar Sadique and Saqib Nawaz

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Clostridium perfringens Type D in Goats in District Peshawar
... D was confirmed through bacterial culturing, Gram staining, biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . Results revealed that 25 feacal samples collected from suspected goats were positive for C. perfringens  Type D  and the overall prevalence of enterotoxaemia in goats in district Peshawar was 25%. The prevalence of enterotoxaemia was 24%, 44%, 20% and 12% in zone I, II, III and IV respectively.  Zone II showed the highest prevalen...

Delower Hossain1,5, Shuvo Singha2,5, Chelsea Marie Van Thof3, Sanna Gough3 and AHM Musleh Uddin4,5*

Effect of Somatic Cells on Milk Quality and Human Health
...consumer level devoid of bacterial presence in milk. This review highlights a brief overview of the importance and demand of estimating somatic cell count (SCC) and its effects on milk quality and human health.

...

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Saleem2, Ali Aziz2, Irfan Rasool2, Zeshan Ali3 and Muhammad Amin2

An Update on Biology, Extent of Damage and Effective Management Strategies of Chickpea Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)
...of plant extracts, virus/bacteria based insecticides). In case of pod borer outbreaks, chemical insecticides remain as last option for farmers. However, management of chickpea pod borer through use of resistant cultivars, adopting recommended cultural practices and biological control measures have been found more effective, economical, sustainable and eco-friendly.

...
Nadia Islam1, Khalil Ahmed1,*, Maisoor Ahmed Nafees1, Mujtaba Khalil2, Ishtiaq Hussain3, Muhammad Ali1 and Raja Imran1
.../i>Enterrococciand total bacterial count at the eye of spring of Mishto uch was zero during winter while other sampling sites showed an average of 17.4 CFU/100ml and 55.4 CFU/100ml E.coli, 15.4 CFU/100ml and 20.7 CFU/100ml Enterrococci, and 26.4CFU/100ml and 127.7 CFU/100ml TBC in both the seasons at Mishto uch. All the sampling sites of Bar spring did not show E.coli and Enterrococci in both seasons, TBC was within range of 7.0 CFU/100ml and 64....

Muhammad Shahid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1 and Kashif Razzaq3

Application of Nanotechnology for Insect Pests Management: A Review
... materials i.e. polymer, bacteria, viruses, plant extracts, fungi, and protein. This review article climaxes the latest mileposts accomplished for the production and imminent perspective of nanoparticles for the controlling of insect pests. 

...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,2*
.... Marine snow associated bacterial communities perform a crucial role in organic material degradation by producing extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and are considered as key components in global carbon cycle. The aim of this study was to screen marine snow associated bacterium, Citrobacter freundii B1 for the production of QS-signals particularly acyl-homoserine-lacto...
Ye Ge1, Chunmiao Zhao1, Weitian Xie2, Ying Liu2,* and Chunhou Xu1,*
...dy, to obtain functional bacteria with lactic acid and lactobacilli and simultaneously producing spores and digestive enzymes, we produced the protoplast as the parent strain of B. subtilis and Rhamnose lactobacillus and analyzed the production rate of spores, the ability to resist high temperature and hereditary stability. The results showed that RH-3 was a perfect protoplast from which 48 strains were obtained through regeneration, with a sporo...
Iram Liaqat1*, Tahir Hussain1,2, Aisha Waheed Qurashi3, Gulbeena Saleem2Asia Bibi4, Muhammad Fiaz Qamar5,ShaukatAli1 and Ikram-ul-Haq6 
Jiawei Hong1,2, Mingqiang Chen 1,2, Zhenghua Deng1,2, Youning Li1,2 and Yu Wang1,2*
...ative abundance of Proteobacteria increased (from 34.96% to 77.31%) with the increasing of enrofloxacin exposure dosage. The dominant position of Tenericutes was replaced by Proteobacteria, and in parallel the proportion of Tenericutes slumped to 3.85%. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Mycoplasma, dropped down from 58.38% to 3.85%, and Vibrio increased (from 15.23% to 40.8%) to become the dominant ...
Ryan Septa Kurnia1* and Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto2
 

...ing pathogens. Commensal bacteria as microbiome can potentially influence mechanism of disease either hindering or promoting the viral infection and sometimes aggravate the disease. In this review, we discuss the histology of respiration epithelium and mucous layers, various microbiome that contribute to the interaction between the host and microbes against infection on the mucus layer in top of the respiratory epithelium, and technology that can be developed ...
Hafiz Imran Iqbal1*, Zahir Ahmad Zahir2, Obaidur Rehman1, Rizwan Khalid1*, Abdul Waheed1, Raja Abad Raza1, Shahid Saleem1, Muhammad Rashid1, Sarosh Tariq Alvi1 and Asia Munir1
 

... through beneficial rhizobacteria that may increase the growth of plants. An experiment in pot was conducted to assess the effect of combined use of rhizobia and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase) on the growth and yield of maize under salt affected conditions. In pots three levels of salinity were developed i.e. 1.2 (original), 6 and 12dSm1 b...
Asma Chaudhary1, Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad1, Afia Muhammad Akram1, Sadia Roshan2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3*
...ll as in vivo antibacterial and probiotic potential of Sphingomonas sp. AsCh-P3 (MF543123) and Bacillus aerius AsCh-A7 (MF543123) against fish pathogen Pseudomonas fluorescens. Antagonism by cross streak was observed in ten isolates out of total twenty. Six isolates showed better inhibition by well as well as disk diffusion methods with maximum growth inhibition zones i.e., 15 and 17 mm by Sphingomonas sp. AsCh-P3 and ...
Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani1,*, Sri Rahayu1, Endang Dwi Purbajanti2, Devi Dwi Siskawardani3, Karina Stankeviča4 and Roy Hendroko Setyobudi5
...th the help of Rhizobium bacteria. Rhizobium was requiring P elements for root nodules formation. This study aims to determine the effects of the application of mycorrhizae at different levels that play an essential role in increasing P elemental uptake and rhizobia inoculants to improve N element fixation and root nodule formation. Rhizobia inoculant applications were allotted to main plots and levels of mycorrhizae to the subplots under each main plot. Three...
Muhammad Farooq1*, Allah Rakha2,Jawad Ul Hassan2, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi1, A. Shakoor3, Muhammad Bakhtiar4, Muhammad Noman Khan5,Shoaib Khan5, Ibrar Ahmad6, Shabir Ahmed7 andWang Yunyang1*
 

...d against several viral, bacterial and cancer diseases. Mushroom powder also used to reduce blood pressure and increase resistance of person against many diseases. Keeping in perspective the position of dietary and medicinal values of mushroom in this research mushroom powder was added into muffins to improve nutritious and dietetic status of muffin. To achieve desired objective mushroom powder was mixed with wheat flour to improve sensory attributes of muffin...

Ali Zaman1, Nabila Roohi1 and Muhammad Irfan2*

...terature has established bacteria’s pathogenesis, but still, the literature about the role of bacteria and its immunogens on the demonstration of clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry in Nili Ravi buffaloes under subtropics is lacking. This study was designed to fulfill this gap by analyzing the effects of exposure to the bacterial culture of Pasturella multocida (P. mult...
Rida Haroon Durrani1*, Fareeha Akhtar1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Munazzah Maqbool1, Aleena Kokab1, Kiran Imtiaz2 and Muhammad Ilyas Riaz3
...perature associated with bacterial spoilage of fish meat. A total 24 samples were procured during three different seasons from local retail shops (n=12) and supermarket (n=12) in order to observe the bacteria which are associated with meat spoilage. Total viable count of aerobic psychrophilic, mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria was performed through selective enrichment and culturing of ...

Muhamamd Rizwan1*, Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Kashif3, Aneela Zameer Durrani4, Asghar Abbas5, Tanveer Ahmad6, Muhammad Nadeem7 , Kinza Khan8

... role in genome editing, bacterial virulence and antibiotics resistance. CRISPR Cas system is an integral part of prokaryotic (Bacteria and Archaea) immune system that provides protection against viral infection. When bacteria recognize viral DNA inside it, bacteria incorporate small fragment of viral DNA into its genome at specific site termed as CRISPR...

Misbah Ali1, Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2*, Rana Binyamin3, Nadeem Ahmed4, Muhammad Usman Ghani5 and Awais Ahmed Khan2

...in Pakistan like fungal, bacterial, and viral among which the fungal diseases are the most destructive. Colletotrichum graminicola is the causal organism of red leaf spot of sorghum which causes heavy losses to the sorghum crop cultivated in different areas of Pakistan. It produces black anthracnose spots on all the above ground parts especially leaves. In the present study, four fungicides (Aliette, Cabrio Top, Nativo, and Melody Duo) were evaluated against C...

Aly Khan1*, Shagufta Ambreen Sheikh2, Khalil Ahmed Khanzada1, Syed Shahid Shaukat3 and Javaid Akhtar1

...tode populations and two bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of brinjal. The effect of the nematicides was observed on the population size of the selected nematodes and bacteria as well as the yield of brinjal crop. All three nematode populations were markedly reduced by the applied nematicides. The bacterial populations (Pseudomonas and Klebsiella) however, remained uninfluenced by t...
Majed Rafeeq1,*, Nadeem Rashid1, Muhammad Masood Tariq1, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh1, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1, Muhammad Shafee1, Khalid Mehmood1, Rana Muhammad Bilal2 and Tauseef Asmat1
...stinal histo-morphology, bacterial enumeration and cecal volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were measured. There were significant improvements in weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily gain (ADG) in the treatment groups supplemented with extract (P<0.05) compared to control. Similarly, intestinal histo-morphic parameters and ileal bacterial count were significantly different between treatments (P<0.05...
Sana Ilyas1, Muhammad Hidayat Rasool1,*, Muhammad Javed Arshed2, Muhammad Usman Qamar1 and Bilal Aslam1
...ize: small;">TheEnterobacteria harboring the extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) are a serious threat to public health particularly in developing countries. The study was aimed to investigate the prevalence and genomic characterization of ESBL producing E. coli from poultry, environment and poultry farm workers in Islamabad and Rawalpindi Pakistan.A total of 250 poultry samples, 92 poultry environmental samples, and 50 poultry farm w...

Sami Ul Haq1, Abid Hussain1*, Umair Riaz2, Muhammad Baqir Hussain1, Adnan Fareed1, Nabeel Ahmad Ikram3 and Fahim Nawaz3

...taining sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), on the yield and growth of sunflower. Sulfur was applied as individual treatments (25, 50, 75 kg ha-1) and in combination with Compost (750 kg ha-1). The results showed a considerable increase in plant height (67.60%), chlorophyll b content (92.10%), stomatal conductance (158%) as well as shoot P content (50.25%) that ultimately increased the yield (80%) of sunflower plants grown in soil fertilized with 75 kg S kg ha-1 ...
Abeer A. Feisall; B.A. Othman2; Kh.A. El-Dougdoug2 and H.S. Shalaby1
...ium MM11 among the eight bacterial isolates tested belonging to family
enterobacteriacae. The thermal inactivation point of the isolated phage was found to
be 76 ºC. Salmonella bacteriophage (St-1) survived for 7 days at 4, 25, 37, 42 and -
20 ºC. The virus lost its ability to lyse salmonella cells at pH 4, 5, 6, 10, 11 and 12
while it was infectious only at pH 7, 8 a...

Manar F. Seioudy1, Magda M. Sayed1, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2 and M. A. Shalaby2

...f mycoplasma as possible bacterial contaminant using PCR technique. All of the four batches were positive when tested using specific primers and they were free from BVDV or mycoplasma contamination. Results in this study showed that molecular techniques could be used for rapid evaluation of PPR vaccine including RT-PCR for identity testing and for detection of BVDV as adventitious contaminant and PCR assay for detection of bacteria

Ramy A. Qabel1; Tarek F. El-Arabi2; Adel A. Shoukry1; Hassan H. Elsebaay1; Abdel-Aziz F. El-Hamahmy1

... efficiency of Rhizobium bacteria to form a successful symbiosis with legume plants is governed by many factors. The foremost factor that could affect the rhizobia is bacteriophage infection. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the abundance of rhizobiophages in Egypt. Rhizobiophages were isolated from the rhizosphere of different legume plants. While no temperate phages were detected, two groups of phages were determined based on their virulence....

Radwa M. Shafie 1 and Soha S. M. Mostafa2

...sh biomass of three cyanobacteria isolates i.e., Nostoc muscorum, Spirulina platensis and Oscillatoria sp. was studied, individually or in a mixture, against Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) infection on Vicia faba L. Giza 716 and Chenopodium amaranticolor Cost and Reyn. The non-inoculated algal synthetic media were used as control. Findings revealed that the mixture of the three algal filtrates gave the highest percentages of inhibition. Lower inhibition effec...

Shahida Sabir1, Anwar Ali Shad1, Tariq Masood1*, Zafar Ali Shah1, Nasiruddin2, Yaseen Ahmad1 and Syed Sartaj Alam3 

...on against all the three bacterial strains i.e., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Xanthomonas sp., respectively. Maximum % inhibition (about 50%) was recorded at 25 mg/L concentration against all the three fungal species (Penicillium claviforme, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium sp.). Methanolic extract of P. eryngii showed increasing % mortality against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) in methanolic extract with increasing concentration after 24 and 48 ...

Rafia Ahsan1, Saif Ullah1, Ijaz Yaseen1, Faisal Sohail Fateh1, Muhammad Fayyaz1, Shahzad Asad1, Atif Jamal1, Muhammad Sufyan2 and Muhammad Zakria1*

... rice are susceptible to bacterial blight. Survey of rice growing areas of Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) was conducted during the year 2019-20. BLB was prevalent in all the surveyed provinces of Pakistan. In Punjab, high disease prevalence was observed in Gujranwala (55%), Hafizabad (36%), Sialkot (29%) and Narowal (27%). No disease was observed in Wazirabad, Zafar Wal and Gujrat. The disease incidence in Gujranwala, Sialkot and Narowal was 35%, 50...
Sahar Mubashar*, Tariq Mukhtar and Nasir Ahmad Khan
...f coronavirus with other bacteria, fungi and viruses. Various methods are used for the detection of the virus such as nucleic acid and immunological methods but RT-PCR is considered as the most reliable. Some antiviral drugs have shown to be effective against the virus like Favilavir, Remdesivir, Chloroquine, hydroxy-chloroquine, Tocilizumab etc. but further clinical studies are required to confirm their efficacy. In Pakistan, blood plasma therapy is in high d...
Hadeer M. Mossa, Ausama A. Yousif, Emad A. Aboelsoud, Mahmoud El Gamal, Ahmed El-
Sanousi
...ce data is generated for bacteria, viruses,
fungi and archaea that present in the sample it was then classified to subspecies and strain level in a
quantitative manner in approximately 48min and 23 second.
Conclusion: This method allows screening all the virus harvest content in non-selective, non- targeted
manner. The reasons to choose this technology in qualification of the TC propagated LSDV as a onestep
...
Ahmed A. ElWakil1, Ausama A. Yousif2 , Adel A. Fayed3, Ibrahim M. elsabagh2, Mahmoud
El Gamal2, Omnia H. Refaei3
...ence output of different bacteria
known to replicate in ticks.
Conclusion: The modified RT-PCR assay used to detect the polyadenylated LSDV DNA polymerase
mRNA in combination with data generated using metagenomics analysis provided additional support
to the hypothesis that LSDV can replicate in ticks and, warrants further investigation into the
replication capacity of LSDV in ticks.
...
Liangkun Pan1, Qun-Lan Zhou1*, Bo Liu1, Jiaxing Yan2 and Ajun Sun1
...ed the hindgut. Dominant bacteria preferred different gut section may decided by its function and physiological characteristics.
...
Asma Chaudhary1, Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad1, Afia Muhammad Akram1, Mehwish Iqtedar2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3,*
...ic treated feed with antibacterial potential against V. anguillarum was administered to experimental fishes in different groups; G1 (soon after challenge for 30 days), G2 (for 15 days prior and 30 days after challenge) and G3 (for 15 days prior to challenge). The survival rate of fishes was 60% in C2, 66% in G1, 83% in G2 and 76% in G3. Fishes subjected to V. anguillarum (C2) showed significant decrease in growth and biochemical constituents as c...

Zain Ullah1*, Anwar Ali Shad1 and Saqib Ali2

...data techniques. The antibacterial assays of the obtained six oil sub-fractions (H-1 to H-6) were accomplished against S. epidermis, E. coli, and S. aureus bacterial strains and the results ranged from 10-18 mm zone of inhibition. The GC-MS analysis of the six oil sub-fractions (H-1 to H-6) confirmed the existence of linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid in the highest amount.

...

Fahrauk Faramayuda1,2*, Totik Sri Mariani3, Elfahmi1,4 and Sukrasno1

... Southern Asia as an antibacterial, antidiabetic, antihypertensive anti-inflammatory. The country of Indonesia has three varieties of O. aristatus, namely purple, white-purple and white. The purple and white-purple population has started to decline. Efforts are needed to maintain the two varieties’ population, one of which is plant tissue culture. It is hoped that in vitro cultured plants contain the same secondary metabolites as the wild type. This stud...

Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Afzal2

...e to their relation with bacterial diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of soil-applied insecticides against these insect pests. The results of present study showed that soil application of imidacloprid gave a significant control compared to other insecticides. The lowest population of both ACP adults (1.80/plant) and nymphs (10.4/plant) was observed after exposure to imidacloprid than the rest of the chemicals. Similarly, CL...
Chao-Qun Shi1, Hong-Ying Lin1, Jin-Qing Zheng1, Fan Yang1, Kwame Ayisi Lartey1, Dan-Ju Kang1, Hwa-Chian Robert Wang2, Ravi Gooneratne3*and Jin-Jun Chen1*
...ata (TFCO) as an antibacterial agent in vitro, and the mechanism of action of TFCO in combating Escherichia coli-induced diarrhoea in mice. MBC and MIC values of 0.25 and 0.125 g TFCO/ml showed it was effective as an antibacterial agent against E. coli (CMCC 44752) in vitro. Ninety Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups of 18 mice per group (1 male: 1 female). The groups were cont...
Wanqiu Zhao1,2, Taoyan Yuan1, Li Chen2, Xue Du2, Weihu Chen4, Yan Fu1, Dong Niu3,* and Lizhi Lu2,*
...d that Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the three most abundant phyla in the duodenum of the laying geese. Cyanobacteria predominated in broody geese, followed by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetes. The microbial communities of the recovery geese were dominated by Spirochaetes, Firmicutes, Cyanobacter...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Safdar Ali Mirza2, Sumera Sajjad3, Shaukat Ali1,*, Muhammad Faiz Qamar4 and Ikram Ul Haq5
...s. Various gram negative bacteria exhibit biofilm formation mediated by flagellum-mediated motility. Type III protein secretion systems of several gram-negative bacterial pathogens use flagella to invade foreign surfaces, host tissues and substrates. Flagellar biosynthesis and function in Salmonella typhimurium isregulated by >50 genes. Bioinformatics analysis of flagellar assembly in S. typhimurium identifi...
Jia Li and Hong Yang*
...nzymes and functional of bacteria, were also increased due to the APG and alkaline treatments. Overall, the instantaneous enhancement of microbial activity and BaA bioavailability increased biodegradation efficiency.
...
Aqsa Shahid1, Saima Muzammil1, Farhan Rasheed2,Bilal Aslam1, Muhammad Akhtar Ali3, Syed Zohaib Haider4, Masroor Ellahi Babar4, Muhammad Saeed1, Umair Waqas1 and Mohsin Khurshid1,*
...nitial identification of bacterial isolates was performed by standard microbiological techniques, and API 20E and for final confirmation multiplex PCR was performed using genus and species-specific primers. The susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents including the aminoglycosides was determined by the Kirby-Bauer method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to aminoglycosides was evaluated by the broth microdilution method. Moreover, the armA
Amjed Ali1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Sehrish Firyal1, Abu Saeed Hashmi2, Asif Nadeem3, Shagufta Saeed1, Ali Raza Awan1 and Muhammad Wasim1
... resistance detection in bacteria. This project was an initial step for the production of β-lactamase for clinical diagnostics in Pakistan. The current work deals with the optimization of conditions for higher level production of recombinant β-lactamase from Bacillus subtilis R5. Supplementation of LB medium with various carbon sources including wheat bran, rice bran and molasses could increase the enzyme production from 25 to 43.7, 44.3 and 4...
Waqar Ali1,3*, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Abida Arshad1, Guifu Dai3,Safir Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Arshad Malik4, Imran Ullah1 and Ihsan Ullah1
...field mastitis test. The bacterial isolates identified through different biochemical test and colony morphology from positive milk sample were Staphylococcus aureus (25.4%), Escherichia coli (20.3%), Streptococcus (16.9%) in which (6.7%) Streptococcus agalactiae, and (10.1%) other streptococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.2%), Salmonella (13.5%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (8.4%). Staphylococcus aureu...
Rosidah Rosidah1*, Angga Nugraha1, Yuli Andriani1, Kiki Haetami1, Olga Anne2 and Agus Heri Purnomo3
...as the ability as an antibacterial with inhibition zone diameter reaching 20.49 mm at a concentration of 5 000 mg kg–1 and LC50 test 48 h (in vivo test) of 1 157.16 mg kg–1, so for the treatment of fish use concentrations below that concentration. The use of aloe vera extract with a concentration of 300 mg kg–1 for 48 h was effective to treat koi fry infected with A. hydrophila ...

Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Iram Liaqat*, Junaid Nadeem, Hammad Aamir and Shaukat Ali

...pider silk possesses antibacterial potential dates back to the time of ancient Greece when it was frequently used as wound dressings. In recent years, several studies have investigated the alleged antibacterial potential of spider silk but the results have largely been inconclusive. The studies either failed to consider the inhibitory effects of the processing chemicals or did not investigate whether the inhibitory potential...
Jun-Dong Tian1,2, Wei-Jie Guo1,2, Han Yan1, Jie Zhang1, Shu-Liao Tian3 and Ji-Qi Lu1,2,*
...es, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Spirochaetace accounting for over 86 % of the richness of whole microbiota, ii) Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Spirochaetaceae were together taken over 60% at family level, iii) Prevotella was the dominant genus, iv) the community richness at OTU and family levels and both community evenness and community diversity at OTU level of the AM group were significantly higher than that of the PM grou...
Nagarathinam Arunkumar*, Jainullabudeen Gulsar Banu, Nagarajan Gopalakrishnan and Arkalgud Hiriyannaiah Prakash

 

... study, 23 wax-degrading bacterial strains isolated from four mealybug species infesting cotton were screened for lipase production. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, lipase-positive strains were classified into six genera, namely, Pseudoxanthomonas, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, Providencia, Enterobacter, and Serratia. Acinetobacter lwoffii PSAD2 and A. beijerinckii PSAD7isolatesshowed the maximu...

Mst. Deloara Begum1, Md. Muniruzzaman1, Md. Salauddin2* and Md. Mostafizer Rahman1

...ed fish. Most species of bacteria isolated were resistant to amoxicillin, penicillin-g, kanamycin, azithromycin, cefuroxime sodium, cephalexin, nalidixic acid, cephradine and erythromycin. The isolates were found to be of medical im­portance. Hence it is considered that a variety of bacterial species can be associated with dried fish related pathogen to animal and humans.

...

Syeda Shazia Bokhari, Aisha Waheed Qurashi*, Roheela Yasmeen*, Fouzia Yasmeen, Nabeela Nayab, Uzma Rafi

...f plant growth promoting bacteria. Earthworms, along with soil sample, were collected from different areas of Lahore. Bacteria were isolated, purified and further characterized morphologically, biochemically and at molecular level. Bacteria after isolation were labelled as EPF1 while by molecular confirmation this bacterial strain was named as Exigoubact...

Md. Sanjid Hasan1, A K M Humayun Kober1, Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana2, Md Saiful Bari1,3,4* 

...atory analysis including bacterial culture and biochemical tests were done to identify the causal agents of SCM and udder lesions. The overall prevalence of SCM and udder lesions were 56.8% and 32.1%, respectively. Most of the farms under study were small scale (94%) except a few were medium-scale (6%). Very few farms used quarantine and isolation shed (6%) for the disease affected cows. Among the risk factors identified; type of farm, floor type, quarantine f...

Eman H. Mahrous1, Mohamed. W. Abd Al -Azeem2, Faisal A. Wasel1, Waleed Younis2* 

...P. multocida is the main bacterial pathogen causing respiratory manifestations (snuffles) in rabbits with significant economic losses and poor prognosis in Egypt. So, this study aims to detect and identify P. multocida isolated from rabbits by molecular techniques. To establish this goal, lungs, liver, and heart (50 for each organ) were collected from 50 diseased rabbits (suffering from respiratory signs) from backyard rabbits at different localities in Sohag...

Hailemariam Assefa1*, Tesfahun Dagnaw2 

...enes were used as tested bacterial species whereas Yeast, Mold and Dandruff were selected as tested fungi. The effect was seen high on Staphylococcus aureus, while the Klebsiella pneumoniae was less affected by any of the used extracts. Methanolic extract was more active than petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract on all three tested fungal species. The oil was obtained by soxhlet extraction method. The maximum oil yield using petroleum ether was found 18.4...

Stephen Chijioke Emencheta1, Chinelo Charity Eze1, Anthony Amaechi Attama2, Damian Ejike Agbo1 and Ebele Benedette Onuigbo1*

...aeruginosa isolates. The bacterial isolates were sensitive to only ciprofloxacin. The Multi Antibiotic Resistance Indexes (MARI) of the isolated strains were greater than 0.8. The formation of plaques (clear zone) on the lawn of Pseudomonas spp confirmed lytic action. The bacteriophage showed plaques on Pseudomonas sp. isolated from other sites also. The isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosaphages from residential wastewaters is a promising molecular tool in com...

Syed Sikandar Habib1*, Saira Naz2, Sehar Khalid3, Rimsha Kanwal2, Iqra Ameer1, Sadia Nawaz1 Aamir Khan4, Abid Ur Rehman5, Muqaddas Kousar6, Shafa Ullah Khan7 and Nadia Nazir7

... like infections (viral, bacterial and fungal) and environmental stress. Different drugs have been used against several infections, but sometimes they produce toxic effect in fish body and deteriorate the water quality, which in turn decrease the output of the aquaculture. To overcome these issues, herbal products are used in aquaculture and these are the perfect immune stimulator, antibiotic alternative and growth promotor. The current research was conducted ...

Keiven Mark B. Ampode1*, Federico C. Mendoza2 

...ver antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry feed has been banned in the European Union since 2006. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the effects of oregano powder (OP) as phytobiotic feed additives on the growth performance and cell-mediated immunity of broiler chickens. A total of sixty-day-old Cobb-broiler chickens were used in the study and arranged in a Completely Randomized Design experimental set-up with f...

Mohammad Hussain Haidary1, Rozanaliza Radzi1*, Muhammad Waseem Aslam1, Seng Fong Lau1, Farina Mustaffa Kamal2, Ahmad Rasul Radzali1 

... reported to incriminate bacterial, viruses, and immunologic factors. This retrospective study is aimed to describe the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes in cats diagnosed with FCGS. Patient records with FCGS were retrieved from 2008-2018 at University Veterinary Hospital (UVH), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). The diagnosis of FCGS was made based on oral examination with the inflammation at the caudal oral cavity and lateral to the palatoglossal ...

Xiaoli Cai1,2, Saeed Ahmed3, Zhixin Lei1,*, Jianping Wu1,* and Taolei Sun1,2,*

...Intracellular pathogenic bacteria cause chronic, persistent and latent infections. The treatment for intracellular infection faces many challenges, such as targeting bacteria with antimicrobial drugs and resistance to multidrug (MDR). The present study delivers a possible elucidation to this problem via Nano Drug Delivery. Nanomaterials are relatively small as compared to ordinary antibiotics. The nanoparticle has unique phy...

Sherif Abdelghany1, Lynda Allouche2, Ahmed A. Abd El-Maksoud3, Ehab N. Daoud4, Saleh A. Kandeal1, Mohamed A. Radwan1* 

...ic cell count (SCC), and bacterial profile were evaluated. The results indicated that the average milk yield was higher in the treatment group, which increased by 10.3%, while the fat % was decreased by 21-25% compared with the control group. The physiological parameters gave no significant differences between groups, except urea which recorded higher levels in the treatment group (34.6 vs. 30.6 mg/dl). SCC was significantly decreased by 52.5-56.3% compar...

Esraa Yosry Abdel Halim1, Hamdy El-Essawy1, Abeer Abdel Nasser Awad1, Mona S. El-Kutry2, Lamiaa Ibrahim Ahmed1* 

... with aerobic mesophilic bacteria observed in milk powder and cheddar cheese with non-significant difference (p=0.408). Aerobic spore formers were recovered from in 50%, 66.67% and 86.67% of the tested samples with a significant difference between the mean count of milk powder and that of labneh and cheddar cheese (P> 0.05). 66.67% of milk powder samples were contaminated with coliforms, followed by cheddar cheese (43.33%) and labneh (23.33%), E. coli could...

Seon-Ho Kim1, Mahfuzul Islam1,2, A-Rang Son1, Sang-Suk Lee1* 

...n rumen fermentation and bacterial community composition in Korea during the summer seasons. Three Holstein and 3 Jersey steers were fed a high forage (HF) and a high concentrate (HC) diet for two subsequent periods of 21 days under 2 × 2 factorial arrangements. The steers received HF diet had higher pH (P < 0.05). Higher acetate concentration was recorded in the Jersey steers and those received HF diet; however, the Holstein steers and those received...

Shang Zhenda1,2*, Kong Qinghui1,4*, Li Jiakui1,4, Liu Suozhu1,2, Tan Zhankun1,2, Shang Peng1,3 and Wang Honghui1,2

...s study, we analysed the bacterial diversity in fresh faeces of wild yak and domestic yak. Results showed that the structure of the bacterial flora in wild yak and domestic yak was significantly different. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and TM7 were the dominant phyla, and Micrococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Planococcaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ch...

Saima Parveen1, Altaf Mahmood2*, Ayesha Azad3, Sajid Umar4, Nosheen Shoukat6, Mirza Muhammad Arsalan Azam5, Qurat-Ul-Ain5 and Nausheen Akhtar Malik1

...idity was contributed by bacterial diseases with highest proportional morbidity of 48.68% followed by viral (40.32%), parasitic (5.80%) and fungal (5.20%) diseases. This epidemiological data represents true picture of study population and is a valuable tool for planning of prevention strategy and research priorities.
...

Amir Z. Allam, Hayam A. Mansour, Nermeen M.L. Malak, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem* 

...ue to their powerful antibacterial action and increasing consumer concerns about synthetic preservatives. However, applications of EOs in food have been hampered by their pungent odor, which has a negative impact on customer acceptance. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of using low concentration (0.002%) of thyme (T), oregano (O), clove (CL), and their combination (TO, TCL, OCL, and TOCL) on the bacteria

Hams M.A. Mohamed1, Mona A. El-Zamkan2* 

...pathogenic and commensal bacteria that show a surprising capacity for adaptation to new hosts and antimicrobial resistance, resulting in the spread of infection all over the world, leading to huge health loss. A total of 100 raw milk samples collected from small scale producers, farmers and markets at Qena city, Egypt, were examined for the presence of Streptococcus species. The preliminary identification was confirmed by using VITEK®2 system which reveale...

Syed Haseeb Ahmed Shah, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Abdul Samad, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Sumaira Fazal, Niamatullah Kakar, Sabeera Afzal and Asadullah

...educe harmful effects of bacteria in broiler chicken. These anti-microbial agents are capable of destroying the metabolism of microbes and can alter certain properties of bacterial cellular and metabolic activity which results in impaired growth or death of these bacteria. This study was planned to find out the effect of AGPs in broiler chicken. For the purpose one day old (n=432) broiler ...

G. Basana Gowda*, N.B. Patil, M. Sahu, S.R. Prabhukarthikeyan, S. Raghu, G.P. Pandi, T. Adak, C.K. Swain, S. Pokhare, S.D. Mohapatra and P.C. Rath 

...ext-align: justify;">Gut bacteria community associated with insects are crucial to understand their function in the physiology of the host. The hypothesis of the present study was that gut microbiota in phosphine resistant population inhabits phosphine degrading bacteria. The study demonstrated the differential gut bacteria in phosphine-resistant and susceptible populations in Tribolium ca...

Mirza Lena1,2, Dinda Fathia Syahramadani2, Alfi Nurrachma Gustya2, Arif Darmawan2,3, Sumiati2, Wiwin Winarsih4, Minoru Maeda5, Komang Gede Wiryawan2*  

... E. coli and lactic acid bacteria populations. The combination of L. lactis and B. licheniformis improved (p < 0.05) villus height. The highest villi surface, true metabolizable energy (TME) value (p < 0.05) were recorded in the L. lactis group. In conclusion, the combination of L. lactis D1813 and B. licheniformis D3270 increases feed efficiency in the pre-starter period compared to the B. amyloliquefaciens group. This probiotic combination is unable to...

Farheen Aslam*, Hira Lodhi, Rasheeda Bashir, Faiza Saleem and Shagufta Naz

...panamase, present in the bacteria, which is a growing clinical threats. bla Ndm gene encodes for new Delhi metallo-beta lactamase, which can hydrolyze all types of beta-lactams. The objective of the study was to screen multiple drug resistant strains of bacteria for New delhi-metallo-beta-lactamase (bla-Ndm1) gene. Blood samples (5ml) of children suffering from different infections, under treatment in a teriary care hospital...

Sajjad Khan*, Naila Chand, Abdul Hafeez, Nazir Ahmad 

... and selected pathogenic bacteria in broiler chickens. A total of 160 day-old Ross chicks were assigned to four groups, containing 0, 0.5,1 and 1.5% GA along with basal feed for 42 days. A completely randomized design (CRD) was followed during statistical analysis while difference in means was calculated through Tukey’s test. Results indicated that supplementation of GA at 1.5% significantly (P<0.05) improved feed intake, body weight gain, feed conver...
Alshimaa A. Hassanien1*, Asmaa Osama Tolba2, Asmaa A. A. Hussein3, Walaa M. Elsherif4
...actalbumin exhibited antibacterial effect on S. aureus isolates. Therefore, they can be used in food industry and human therapeutics but needs further studies for the best application methods.
 
Keywords | S. aureus, Meat products, Food handlers, 23S rRNA sequencing, Casein, α-lactalbumin
...

Asmaa Sh. Fayed1*, Safaa M. Abo El-Soud2 

...bundance levels of total bacteria, and psychrotrophic bacteria, as well as pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), especially for 4% GA/ zein wax film. The coatings resulted in the prolongation of the shelf life of meat chunks. The shelf lives of the control, the 2%, and the 4% GA-coated meats were 7, 9, and 11days, respectively. Coated meats had higher overall sensory acceptability scores co...

Noor-us-Sabah1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Luqman2, Amir Aziz1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Muhammad Aftab3

..., phosphorus solublizing bacteria and fungi as well as employment of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria etc. 

...

Muhammad F Tajol Ariffin1, Chai M Hian1, Muhammad Z Sukiman1, Mohd F Ghazali1, Siti M Zainal Ariffin2* 

...h is usually caused by a bacterial infection. This study aims to determine acute phase protein (APP) and its association with somatic cell count (SCC) during experimentally induced subclinical mastitis in goats. Thirty lactating goats were divided into two groups (n=15 per group) challenged either by intramammary infusion of 1 x 103 cfu/mL Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) or phosphate-buffered saline (control). The haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and ...

Adriana Cervantes-Noriega1, Norma A. López2, Alfredo Estrada-Angulo2, Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez2, Elizama Ponce-Barraza2, Gilberto López-Valencia1, Alberto Barreras1, Alejandro Plascencia3* 

...reduction of TDS and the bacterial load in water qualified as “clean and safe” decreases frequency and days of diarrhea during diet period adaptation, promoting better diet energy utilization, improving weight gain, and HCW and LM area.

Keywords | Water quality, Finishing lambs, Growth-performance, Carcass traits, Diarrhea  

...

Mariam Arain1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* and Muhammad Javed Arshed2

...ed to control group. The bacterial species produced weak positive biofilm formation (p<0.05) in Se supplemented goats as compared to control group. The hematological indicators revealed that the values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, mean cell hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes count were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the Se treated group compared ...

Ayu Cusiayuni1, Risan Khaerani Nurfatahillah1, Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap2, Komang Gede Wiryawan3, Dwierra Evvyernie3, Anuraga Jayanegara3* 

...uction (P < 0.10) and bacteria (P < 0.10) in the rumen. The addition of lauric acid did not alter total volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetate, propionate and butyrate, but tended to decrease ammonia concentration (P < 0.1). Lauric acid also reduced dry matter digestibility (P < 0.05). It is concluded that lauric acid is an effective agent for mitigating methanogenesis in the rumen.

Keywords | Lauric acid, Meta-analysis, Methane, Rumen 

Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Usman1,*, Abdul Jabbar1, Saba Usman3, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Husnain1, Nadeem Raza1 and Anwar-ul-Haq4

...r, phylogeny of isolated bacteria showed genetic variability (47%-99%). Lastly, the hematology profile of Coxiella burnetii positive buffaloes showed significant (p<0.05) lymphocytopenia (45.95 ± 13.4), neutrophilia (32.80 ± 11.75), leukocytosis (11.25 ± 3.62), eosinopenia (4.95 ± 2.14), thrombocytopenia (232.50 ± 211.74), and decreased hemoglobin (7.005 ± 0.90) and PCV levels (21.29 ± 2.28). Whereas in affec...

Kafeel Ahmad*, Muhammad Siqaf, Gul-E-Rana Abid, Ramla Somayya and Umama Qasim

...oli is a member of Enterobacteriaceae that causes gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of current study was to analyse production of extended spectrum beta lactamases and metallo beta-lactamases in E. coli isolated from fish. Fifty E. coli isolates recovered from fish samples were screened phenotypically for extended spectrum beta lactamases and metallo beta-lactamases production by disc diffusion method using the antibiotics cefotaxime (30 µg), ceftazidim...

Rasha Ali Taha Hamza1, Atef Saad Osheba1, Hassan Mohamed Sobhy2, Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal2* 

...gainst all Gram negative bacteria, Gram positive bacteria, yeast and molds, with note that the gram positive bacteria were more sensitive than gram negative. Antibacterial activity of different galangal and sumac extracts against total bacterial count was more effective in burger prepared with Sudanese meat than burger...

Jiang Wu*

...aimed to investigate antibacterial activity of chemical constituents of Taraxacum officinale against foodborne pathogens. A total of 133 retail meat products were randomly purchased from different supermarkets. All samples were isolated and identified by conventional methods as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Different bacteria were respectively inoculated into LB medium, the O...
Yang Yang1,2, Hong Zhou3, Ji Shao1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2, Pengpeng Xia1,2, Mingxu Zhou4,5, Qiangde Duan1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*
...e T6SS did not influence bacterial growth and biofilm formation. In F18ab△hcp1, bacterial motility, adherence and invasion towards the intestinal porcine enterocyte cells (IPEC-J2) were reduced significantly, and the cytotoxicity decreased. The results of RT-PCR showed that in F18ab△hcp1, the flagella gene flic and type I fimbriae fimA were significantly down-regulated. In conclusion, hcp1 gene of F18 STEC is related to ...

Nour H. Abdel-Hamid1*, Walid Elmonir2, Eman I. M. Beleta1, Rania I. Ismail1, Momtaz Shahein1, Mahmoud E. R. Hamdy1 

...inting techniques: Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) and Random amplification polymorphism DNA (RAPD), for genotyping the Brucella isolates, as alternative rapid tools for epidemiological tracing and investigation of brucellosis in Egypt. We recovered Brucella isolates (n=29) from different host species and governorates. The isolates were identified by the bacteriological and molecular techniques (AMOS-PCR) as Brucella (B) melitensis ...

Ikele*, Chika Bright, Ujunwa Aghaji, Mgbenka, Benard Obialo 

...g/L. Total heterotrophic bacteria present in the biofloc media were higher in CA 20:1 with a significantly peak value of 390X104 cfu/ml compared to other groups. The C:N at 10 and 20 utilizing cassava and wheat supported growth of C. gariepinus with a mean weight gain of 214.91±26.84g, specific growth rate 3.78±0.26 but did not enhance the condition factor >1 of C. gariepinus juveniles within 28-days. In conclusion, inclusion of C:N ratio of ...

Md. Enayet Kabir1, Md. Jahangir Alam1*, Md. Mosharaf Hossain2, Zannatul Ferdaushi3 

...ical indices, and faecal bacteria of fattening cattle. A total of eighteen crossbred male cattle of 14-16 months were divided into three equal groups at random. Cattle in the control group (C) were offered ration containing 40% untreated rice straw, 20% green fodder, and 40% concentrate mixture (dry matter basis) fed separately as a conventional feeding system. Cattle in the other two treatment groups were fed TMR, where one fed TMR (TMR1) with control ration ...

Abdelrahman A. Abdelrahman1, Salama A. S. Shany1, Kareem E. Hassan1, Mansy A. A. Dardeer2, Ali A.1*, Magdy F. El-Kady1* 

...ous pathogens, including bacterial and viral agents. In Egypt, the prevalences of avian influenza virus (AIV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and Mycoplasma spp. are high. Thus, co-infection with one or both viruses and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) or Mycoplasma synovaie (MS) is thought to play an important role in the clinical severity of respiratory infections. In this study, we conducted a passive surveillance study for MG and MS among cases of viral r...

Weam Mohamed Baher*, Gamilat A. El said 

... via estimation of total bacterial count (TBC), most probable number (MPN) of coliforms, total staphylococcus count (TSC), and total mold count (TMC). An experimental trial for the improvement of the hygienic status of chicken meat (breast) was done using the bacteriocin, nisin, and gingerol at two concentrations (1%, and 2%). The achieved results indicated an unsatisfactory hygienic status of the retailed chicken meat in the study area, in terms of high micro...
Manatsanun Nopparatmaitree1*, Pornpan Saenphoom1, Sittichai Bunlue1, Silchai Washiraomornlert1, Warangkana Kitpipit2,3,4, Soranot Chotnipat1
...ncreased the lactic acid bacteria, Enterococcus sp., and volatile fatty acids (p < 0.05) and decreased Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in the cecum of different treatment to control groups (p < 0.05). In addition, TABP combined with probiotics supplementation increased the villus height, villus surface area, and the depth of the crypt of Lieberkühn of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p < 0.01). Moreover, TABP combined with probiotic supplem...
Emtenan M. Hanafi1*, Fouad M. Tawfeek2, Walid S. El Nattat1, Moetazza M. Alshafei3, Seham S. Kassem3, Kawkab A. Ahmed4, Enas N. Danial5, Hagar Elbakry3, Hoda S. El-Sayed2
...ainst different types of bacteria were done for SP extract. BL has been microencapsulated in association with SP. Twentiy eight. adult male rats were divided into 4 equal groups. G1 received high fat diet (HFD), G2 received HFD and microencapsulated BL, G3 was supplemented by HFD plus encapsulated SP and BL. While G4 received basic diet as a control. After 2 months, animals were sacrificed. Results showed that SP had antimicrobial effect against pathogenic

Ida Bagus Oka Winaya1*, Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi1, Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa2, I Gusti Ketut Suarjana2

...e. On Gram staining, the bacteria looks purple, the coccus arranged like a chain, reacts negatively in the catalase and oxidase tests. The findings of meningoencephalitis in the brain, arthritis in the leg joints, and microbiological tests suggest that post-weaning piglets suffer from streptococcosis.

Keywords | Histopathology, Meningoencephalitis, Post-weaning piglet, Streptococcosis, Streptococcus suis 

...

Tu Thi Minh Tran1*, Diep Hoang Tran1, Thuong Thi Nguyen2, Tomas J. Acosta3, Takeshi Tsuruta4, Naoki Nishino4, Hai Thanh Duong5

... Bacillaceae, and Methylobacteriaceae were the prevalent families in the microbiota of several milk and uterine samples; however, these findings did not help understand the role of the microbiota in fertility and subsequent conception. Despite the small number of dairy cows examined in this study, this report is the first to characterize the fecal, milk, uterine, airborne dust, and water microbiota in dairy farms in southern Vietnam.
 
...

Mehwish Saleem Khan* and Sumama Farooq

...c resistance occurs when bacteria develop number of mechanisms to protect themselves against the action of antibiotics. Antibiotics are chemical substances which bacteria and fungi produce either to inhibit or kill the other microbes. Antibiotics are classified on the basis of their structure and mode of action. Bacteria resist antibiotics by inactivating the drugs, altering the target sit...

Yahia A. Amin1*, Alaa Eldin Z. Mahmoud2, Mohamed Sabry Aref3, Abd El-Latif Shaker Seddek4, Waleed Younis5 

...ts showed that different bacterial species were isolated (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella). The infection is either a single infection (Staphylococcus only), or a mixed infection, while the control group has no bacterial growth. Staphylococcus was the only microorganism responsible for the single infection. Infection with Staphylococcus and E. coli has a higher incidence of infections with two...

Sri Melia1*, Indri Juliyarsi1, Yulianti Fitri Kurnia1, Evy Rossi2, Hurriya Alzahra3

... may contain lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The objectives of this study were to isolate, identify, and characterize probiotic lactic acid bacteria from whey, a by-product of cheese production. This study consisted of three stages: (1) isolation, identification of LAB obtain from whey, a by-product of cheese production, morphology, physiology, and biochemistry; (2) in vitro probiotic characteristics testing, including survival ...
Widiastuti Ardiansyah1,3*, Osfar Sjofjan2, Eko Widodo2, Suyadi Suyadi2, Danung Nur Adli2
...sp. produced lactic acid bacteria. The 280 laying ducks used were Mojosari ducks aged 20–28 weeks reared for eight weeks on the experimental diet. The Curcuma longa flour used was produced by Balai Materia Medika, Batu District and the liquid probiotics used contained Lactobacillus sp. bacteria in concentration of 1.4 x 1010 CFU/ml. A completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications was employed, ...
Aiman Al-Mufarji1, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1*, Haitham Al-Masruri2, Rashid Al-Zeidi3
...purified compound as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and anti-tumour have been well established. The valuable chemical constituents of microalgae include “proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, PUFAs, vitamins, pigments and other bioactive compounds”. The microalgae composition varies depending on species and nutrient availability for production. Genetic engineering might be used for production invaluable microalgae compounds. Microalgae consider...

Khuzeema Tanveer1, Muhammad Shahid Mahmood1,*, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Ahrar Khan2

...ve blue 21). Thirty-five bacteria and one yeast isolated from textile industry wastewater were tested for their tolerance to and degradation of the four dyes. Most of the bacteria showed maximum dye tolerance at 1000 ppm. Dye degradation monitored by measuring the absorbance of dye solutions at their λ max (592 nm for black dye, 614 nm for blue dye, 423 nm for yellow dye and 523 nm for red dye) before and after

Muhammad Ajmal Khan1, Muhammad Yahya2*, Ali Hazrat2, Javed Khan3, Saeed Jan4, Tabinda Nowsheen2 and Inam Ullah5

...s, antioxidants, and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of T. camphoratum leaves. The methanolic extract was quantitatively evaluated for alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids contents. The antibacterial activity of methanolic leaves extract of T. camphoratum was carried out against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains through agar well diffusion assay (small wells...

Ochieng Onunga George*, Owuor Ndonga Millicent Florence, Mario Kollenberg  

...standard procedures. The bacteria isolated were E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, and S. dysenteriae. Bacterial concentrations cfu/100ml of abattoir effluents ranged from 3.17 × 106 of TC. 3.94x104 of FC, 2.84x104 of E. faecalis, 8.65x104 of E. coli, and BOD of 828.04mg/l.Fungi isolated were., Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium spp, Aspergillus fumigatus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspe...

Arsalan Maqbool1,2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1,3*, Eric Lim Teik Chung3,5, Abd Wahid Haron3, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila5, Bura Thlama Paul3,4, Khaliq ur Rehman Bhutto3,6 

 

...ntranasally with 2 mL of bacterial cell suspension containing 105 colony-forming unit (CFU) of M. haemolytica serotype A2. Blood samples were collected on weekly basis. The results revealed that the plasma progesterone concentration increased significantly (p<0.05) whereas estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the non-vaccinated group compared to vaccinated and control groups in both seasons. T...

Zohair S. Mulla1*, Mostafa M. Abdelhafeez2 

... the estimation of total bacterial count (TBC), total psychrophilic count (TPsC), most probable number (MPN) of coliforms, and MPN of E. coli. In addition, isolation, and identification of shiga toxin producing E. coli were further conducted. An experimental trial was done for improvement of the bacteriological status of the ground beef using diluted acetic acid, citric acid, and their mixture containing equal volumes of both acetic and citric acids at 0.5%, 1...
Rida Haroon Durrani1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan2, Aneela Zameer Durrani3, Salman Ashraf1, Muhammad Anas Naeem1, Muhammad Usman3 and Tauqeer Mahmood4
...-nasal phage delivery on bacterial population. As prophylaxis, oral phage delivery via drinking water and feed resulted in a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in bacterial numbers with a mean log101.43, log101.17, log101.92 and log101.625 on 3rd and 6th dpc, respectively. The least reduction was seen in the birds that received cocktail intranasally showing log100.85 on the 3rd day. As a delayed treatment, oral delivery sig...

Ehab A. Fouad1*, Khaled A. Abd El-Razik2 , Eman H. Abdel-Rahman3

...urification of fraction, bacterial fresh cultures were centrifuged at 3000 rpm / 20 min and were homogenate in phosphate buffer saline and centrifuged at 15000 rpm / 20 min that known as the crude antigen. It entered to affinity column chromatography [Cyanogen Bromide-Sepharose 4B (CNBr-Sepharose 4B)] (Sigma Chemical Co.), obtain the fraction. In brief, IgG of cows S. aureus positive sera were purified by precipitation with 50% ammonium sulphate followed by pu...

Shahan Azeem1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer2, Liaquat Ahmad3, Sameera Akhtar1 and Talat Naseer Pasha4,5

...ratios. The total viable bacterial counts per gram of feces before and 120 h after medication were significantly different (p<0.05). Interestingly, the feed efficiency of non-medicated, non-vaccinated chickens was equal to the flavomycin-medicated chickens but better than zinc bacitracin and lincomycin-medicated chickens. Additionally, the non-medicated, non-vaccinated chickens were the most economical to raise. Overall growth-promoting antibiotics did not ...

Jie Zhang, Na Li, Tingting Guo, Dandan Hu, Xiaofeng XU and Lili Zhang*

...ing methods on the rumen bacterial flora of Tan sheep, a Chinese indigenous breed, using 16S rDNA high-throughput analysis. The rumen fluid was collected from 9-month-old Tan sheep that were either house-fed or grazed. The results showed that the diversity of rumen flora in the grazing group was significantly higher than that in the house-raised group (P < 0.01). In the grazing group, the abundance of 96 genera was significantly higher than that in the hous...

Xiangli Dong1,2, Shilin Mikhail Borisovich2, Jiji Li1,*, Jianyu He1, Zeqin Fu1, Yingying Ye1, Julia N. Lukina3, Olga V. Apalikova4 and Jianshe Zhang1

...nding against pathogenic bacteria challenge and the innate immune response in the large yellow croaker. These findings also provide a foundation for the preparation of a Vibrio vaccine.

...

Hanan Saad El-Samahy, Amani Abd El-Naby Hafez, Mohamed Talat Ragab, Disouky Mohamed Mourad*  

...t isolation of causative bacterial agents, weight loss, reduced fertility, and hatchability, so this study aimed to determine the bacterial causative agents using multiplex PCR as an accurate rapid diagnostic technique. Exudates of swollen infra-orbital sinus were aspirated and aseptically collected from affected turkeys of seventeen flocks and examined by multiplex PCR against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Mycoplasma gallisep...
Faiza Ghazanfar1, Masood Rabbani1*, Aamir Ghafoor2 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3

Heba S.S. Salem1, Hend M. Megahed2, Marwa M. Sarhan2, Maha M. El Alem3, Gehan N. Alagmy3* 

....

Keywords | Antibacterial Activity; Bee Venom; Staphylococcus aureus; Septic Arthritis 

...

Mohamed Saleh*, S.E. Laban, G.Z. Mostafa, S.T. Moubarak 

...nd were tested for total bacterial, coliform, and fungal counts to evaluate the reduction percent achieved. The obtained results illustrated that neither disinfectant could achieve a complete reduction of the microbial load of nest bedding material. However, both disinfectants recorded a significant (p≤0.05) log reduction in total bacterial, coliform, and fungal count after 24, 72 and 120 hours, gradually. Conclusively, p...

Djoko Kisworo*, Martina Safitri, BRD Wulandani, Bulkaini, Syamsuhaidi 

...quality is mainly due to bacteria, evaporation of the egg contents, indicated by egg weight loss, Haugh Unit (HU), air cavity, and an increase in pH. This research aims to determine the best level of sour starfruit (SSF) extract on the shelf life of chicken eggs. A Completely randomized design (CRD) was used in a 3 x 3 factorial pattern with five replications. The Factors were the level of SSF (0%, 10%, and 20%) and storage time (2, 4, and 6 weeks). Data were ...

Eman H. Abotalp, Sahar R. Mohamed, Jakeen K. El Jakee

...(E. coli) are intestinal bacteria that affect people and animals like canines and felines. Pets are normally in close contact with their owners, and so harmful microorganisms can be easily transmitted from them to human beings. The ongoing review applied to be aware assuming canines and felines in Egypt are colonized with unsafe E. coli serotypes and the antibiotic resistance in these E. coli isolates. A total of 129 rectal swabs were gathered from appare...

Tariq Ali1,2*, Kamran1, Abdur Raziq1, Inam Ullah Wazir1, Anwar Ali1, Muhammad Ijaz Ali1, Muhammad Shuaib Khan2, Shakeeb Ullah2 and Sher Hayat Khan3

...g 2019-2020, to identify bacterial pathogens of mastitis, and to determine the antimicrobial resistance. A total of 1013 milk samples belonging to 726 cattle and 287 buffaloes were examined to detect clinical mastitis (CM) and subclinical mastitis (SCM). Mastitic milk samples (n=541) were further used to investigate the prevalence of bacteria associated with mastitis and their antimicrobial susceptibilities by standard disc ...

Anara Ryskeldina, Indira Iskakova, Nurgul Sarina , Alexander Shevtsov , Laura Syzdykova, Alexander Shustov, Yerlan Ramankulov, Marat Kuibagarov* 

Iram Amin1,2*, Shazia Rafique1, Nadeem Ahmed1, Muhammad Shahid1, Samia Afzal1, Tahir Rehman Samiullah1, Mohsin Ahmed Khan1 and Muhammad Idrees1,3

...e fragment was cloned in bacterial expression vector. The expression of recombinant protein was checked by SDS-PAGE and after the purification of protein by using Ni-affinity column. antigenic protein was confirmed with Western Blot analysis. The study demonstrates the expression and purification of HDAg recombinant protein of HDV local isolate in the bacterial expression system. The purified protein has potential to be usef...

Hurriya Alzahra1, Susmiati Susmiati2*, Sri Melia3 

...th probiotic lactic acid bacteria, specifically the Lactiplantibacillus pentosus HBUAS53657. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity, total phenol, and organoleptic characteristics including the taste, aroma, and texture of fermented milk with orange juice added (Citrus nobilis L.). The study was based on a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with starter concentrations of 4 (A1), 5 (A2), and 6% (A3), as well as orange juice concentrati...

H. A. Aidaros1*, S. S. Khalafallah1, M. S. Diab2, Nehal K. Alm Eldin2, Halla E.K. El Bahgy1 

... gens. 

...

Sadaf Ansari1, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Abdul Jabbar Tanweer2, Abdullah Sethar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Sabahat Ansari1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* 

...ed for the evaluation of bacterial contamination from raw and cooked fish, mutton and beef sold by retailors in district Hyderabad. During present study, 150 total meat samples, 100 from raw meat (beef=40, mutton=40, fish=20) and 50 from cooked meat (beef=20, mutton=20, fish=10) were randomly collected from district Hyderabad and cultured on different media for isolation of bacterial species. The isolated species were identi...

Aulia Nurul Saputri, I Komang Gede Wiryawan, Dilla Mareistia Fassah*, Dewi Apri Astuti 

...e showed a gram-positive bacteria characteristic. The LAB isolates from BSF larvae reared on chicken manure and palm kernel meal substrate showed no different in inhibition zones against pathogenic bacteria (E. coli and S. typhimurium). All isolates showed no hemolysis activity. Three isolates (A3, A4, and B1) are molecularly identified as Enterococcus faecalis which showed a potency as probiotic candidate. We conclude that ...

Nurdan Urvaylioglu1*, Ogunc Meral1, Serkan Sayiner2, Ulvi Reha Fidanci1 and Arif Altintas1

...ted as the most dominant bacterial species seen in clinical and subclinical mastitis samples. Somatic cell counts (SCC) in cows with clinical mastitis were significantly higher than the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis and healthy cows. Milk serum haptoglobin (Hp) and amyloid A levels were not determined statistically different between groups (p> 0.05). No correlation was found between CMT scores, SCC values, Hp and milk amyloid A levels in milk serum...

Farheen Shaikh*, Saima Naz and Nadir Ali Birmani

...erve as a vector of some bacteria and helminthes parasites. Presently only one type of host, guinea fowl Numida meleagris (Linnaeus, 1758) was selected and examined for parasites examination, investigation, identification, population density, means and rate of infestation of from different urban and rural localities of Sindh, Pakistan. There were 15 guinea fowl Numida meleagris (Linnaeus, 1758) were captured and brought to the Parasitological laboratory of Dep...

Dhiya Altememy1, Mohammad Darvishi2*, Samira Shokri3, Saber Abbaszadeh4 

...ated and inoculated with bacterial suspension of S. aureus (ATCC 12600) equivalent to the 0.5 MacFarland tube. The hydroalcoholic extracts of Origanum vulgare, Hypericum perforatum, and their active ingredients including carvacrol and hypericin, were prepared, and then TiO2N.Ps. were prepared from them using isopropoxide. The antibiotic methicillin and calcium alginate pad was also loaded as control of nanoparticles embedded in the calcium alginate pad and the...

Ali Ahmad1*, Zubair Aslam1, Korkmaz Bellitürk2, Ehsan Ullah1, Ali Raza1 and Muhammad Asif3

... surface area exposed to bacteria, and improving the microbial degradability of organic materials. This study aims to demonstrate how organic amendments, rather than chemical fertilizers, might improve soil health and plant development. Plant nutrition, growth, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll content in the leaves are all improved by the absorption of macro- and micronutrients in vermicompost. End users, such as farmers, may benefit significantly from the verm...

Shabana Ehsan1*, Aneela Riaz2, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Abid Ali1, Ifra Saleem3, Muhammad Aftab3, Khalid Mehmood4, Fakhar Mujeeb1, Muhammad Asif Ali1, Hina Javed1, Fraza Ijaz1, Anwar-ul-Haq5, Khaliq-ur-Rehman3 and M. Usman Saleem

...nt growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) have a siderophore production mechanism. Inoculation with seed soaking of such siderophore-producing bacteria can be a cost-effective biofortification technique. The current study includes the collection of rhizobacterial isolates from wheat, maize, sorghum, millet, and maize rhizosphere soil of Rawalpindi and Sargodha divisions. The screening of <...

Fawziah M. Albarakaty* 

...le effectiveness against bacterial and fungal diseases. Finding a novel antimicrobial chemical with few side consequences is one of the most crucial phases in microbiological research because microbial resistance to chemical antimicrobial is the prevalent crisis in the therapeutic community. Objective: Therefore, this work aims to ascertain which phytochemical components can be recycled and added to the diet of animals while also examining the anti

Ahmad Nadeem1,2 and Rubina Arshad1,2,*

...d endophytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), enhance their plant growth promoting efficacy by induced mutation and unlock their potential as bio-inoculant. Lactobacillus plantarum specific medium and non-selective media were used for isolation of LAB from plant cuttings. A total of seven isolates were isolated on the basis of colony morphology on De Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar plates, Gram staining, biochemical tests and molecular characterization. The co-culturi...
Farzana Bashir2, Aysha Saleem1, Khalid Iqbal Khichi2, Rubina Nelofer3* and Rauf Ahmad Khan2
... husk for the removal of bacterial contaminants from drinking water. The Cu-NP embedded rice husk then characterized by SEM, EMAX and ICP-OES techniques. The antibacterial activity was determined by column studies using response surface methodology (RSM) based on three levels, three factorial Box Behnken Design (BBD). The significance of independent variables (flow rate, bacterial count an...

Ayesha Saeed1*, Farzana Kishwar2, Ahsan Nazir3, Sharjeel Abid4, Muhammad Abiodullah5, and Danial Ali6

...study was to develop antibacterial dry sheet nanofiber mask loaded with leaf extracts of MA and HRS as antibacterial agents in SA/PVA nanofibers through electrospinning method, which was just wet before its application. Leaf extracts were used at three concentration levels (0.5, 1, and 1.5 %). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images confirmed the formation of optimized nanofibers with diameter range from ±49 to &plu...

Ahmed H. Abed1, Ahmed Orabi2*, Wafaa Hassan3, , Enas Hammad4 , Ghada Gaber5 

...cemia is the most common bacterial disease in poultry, and it costs the industry a lot of money. This study shows that some immune modulatory substances such as lectins, probiotics, and essential oils have a unique immune-potentiating effect on broiler chickens’ immunity challenged with E. coli. One hundred and twenty broiler chicks were separated into eight equal groups in an in vitro experiment (15 birds for each group). A negative control group was th...

Jeki Mediantari Wahyu Wibawanti1,3, Sri Mulyani2*, Rudy Hartanto1, Ahmad Ni’matullah Al-Baarri2, Yoyok Budi Pramono2, Anang Mohamad Legowo2 

Samina Kausar1, Rana Badar Aziz2, Muhammad Waseem3, Muhammad Ahmad3, Hamza Shafiq4, Muhammad Asim5, Usama Zia6, Sobia Afzal7, Wanpeng Xi8*, Mansoor Hameed1* and Muhammad Usman Shoukat9

... organisms e.g., plants, bacteria, and algae, while carotenoids also be synthesized in some non-photosynthetic fungi or bacteria. The color gamut of carotenoids is from colorless to yellow, orange to red color, with variations reflected in many vegetables, fruits and flowers. They are categorized into two types: (1) xanthophylls and (2) carotenes. For instance, lycopene is found in tomatoes and watermelon, beta carotene in s...

K. H. El-Kholy1*, Enayat Hassan Abo El-Azayem2, Safaa Ataya Barakat2, Mona Gamel Mohamed3, Sara H. M. Hassab1 

...(P≤0.05) reduction in bacteria count of E. coli and clostridium spp. and increased total bacterial count in caecal content. The caecal NH3 concentration significantly (P≤0.05) decreased when the dietary AV level increased. Haematological, plasma biochemical and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and CAT) were significantly elevated (P≤0.05) by the highest dietary AV inclusion (G4). The addition of AV significantly enhanc...

Hams M.A. Mohamed1*, Katreen K.G.2, M.W. Abd Al-Azeem1, Faysal A. Wasel2, Ahmed M. Abd-Eldayem3 

...ential to keep an eye on bacterial resistance in the setting of food production.

Keywords | Listeria spp., L. monocytogenes, Virulence genes, Biofilm, antimicrobial resistance 

...

Istna Mangisah1*, Heni Rizqiati2, Nyoman Suthama1 

...stinal total lactic acid bacteria, but decreased coliform and improved growth performance of broilers. However, the treatment did not affect the digestive and immune organ weights of broilers. In conclusion, supplementation of LDTE2 improves intestinal bacterial balance, protein digestibility, and growth performance of broilers, but it did not affect the relative weight of digestive tract segment and immune organs of broiler...

Mehwish Saleem1* and Amina Atiq2

...and their all-around antibacterial effectiveness was assessed. To create garlic clove extract-based silver nanoparticles, 100 ml of distilled water was combined with 0.01g, 0.025g, and 0.05g extracts of both aqueous and ethanol to create 0.01%, 0.025%, and 0.05% extract solutions, respectively. All of these extracts were then mixed with silver nitrate to create a 0.01M solution of silver nitrate nanoparticles. UV-VIS was done for the characterization of the na...

Kamel Etman Ibrahim Etman*, Salah Kamal Sayed, Farouk Amin El-Sayed, Abd-Alghany Hasaneen Ghoniem, Mostafa Mohamed El-Nahrawy, Mona Ahmed Alsayed Farag 

... influence of probiotics bacteria and fibrolytic enzyme as feed additives were studied on digestibility coefficients, feeding values, , feed intake, daily gain and economical efficiencies with using thirty male buffalo calves in fattening trial. Rumen and blood parameters were also studied. First group (10 animals) were received control ration which contains 60 % concentrate feed mixture (CFM), 30 % corn silage (CS) and 10 % alfalfa hay (AH). The 2nd and 3r...

Sayed H. Al Habty1, Dina N.Ali2* 

...n has a satisfactory antibacterial activity Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) at 10mg/ml and Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC) at 40mg/ml. The results revealed that 40mg/ml LF in yogurt could inhibit MDR S. aureus at 2nd day while, 20mg/ml at the 4th day. The study concluded that LF can be used as a bio preservative in yogurt due to its highest antimicrobial activity and acceptable sensorial properties.

Keywords | MDR, Antibiotic resistance, Sens...

Saima Rubab1,3*, Ghazala H Rizwani2, Arjumand Iqbal Durrani3, Iram Liaqat4*, Urooj Zafar5, Mahjabeen6, Farah Batool7, Noor-E- Seher3, Naveera Younas3 and Ayesha Sadiqa8

...against 11 Gram positive bacteria, 9 Gram negative bacteria, 2 yeasts, 2 dermatophytes and 7 saprophytes. The petroleum ether seed extract and methanolic leaf extract was evaluated for the comparative anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential using different parameters like licking - biting response, inflammation of hind paw and writhing effect. The results showed that different pharmacological activities were due to the pre...

Ghazala Nasreen1, Ali Hussain2, Komal Tayyab1, Muhammad Rashid3 and Sumaira Aslam1*

...ncentrations of bioflocs bacteria enriched on banana peels) under different diet treatments for a period of 50 days. The diet treatments devised in this study were, T1 (bioflocs only with zero water exchange), T2 (bioflocs only with 10 % weekly water exchange), T3 (bioflocs + 50 % commercial diet and with zero water exchange) and T4 (bioflocs + 50 % commercial diet and with 10 % weekly water exchange). A control experiment C (commercial diet with daily water e...

Ghulam Akbar1*, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Amer Jamil1 and Faiz Ahmad Joyia2

...me produced from various bacterial species especially beta hemolytic Streptococci. Among these beta hemolytic strains the Streptococcus equisimilis is being used for industrial streptokinase production. It has 414 amino acids globular chain with 47000 D molecular weight. The fibrinolytic drug is comparatively cheap as compared to all other fibrinolytic drugs. It is the drug of choice in all low income nations and developing countries. The mortality rate with c...

Nazish Manzoor1*, Alim Khan1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Abid Ullah1, Zulqarnain2 and Iftikhar Jan2

...tially purified from the bacterial strain N1 and its activity was checked at distinct pH and temperature. The optimum pH was from 6-8 whereas the temperature was 40 °C. Saccharomyces cerevisiea was added for enhanced fermentation and ethanol production. The acid pretreated sample produced the highest ethanol (15.2%) than the alkaline. The percent production of ethanol and the amount of sugar in pretreated samples was confirmed using High-Performance Liquid...

Amir Abdullah Khan and Muhammad Irfan*

...In the current study, 68 bacterial strains were isolated from citrus field soil and tested for antifungal activity using the streak plate method. Among them, one bacterium was found to be antagonist against the pathogen. This was identified as Bacillus subtilis 2i through 16SrRNA. The disease causing fungus was also isolated and identified as Schizophyllum sp. B2A through 18SrRNA.The strain Bacillus subtilis 2i was cultivated in sub-merged fermentation for the...

Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi1, Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1*, Entesar H. Taha2, Mona M.S. Zayed3 and Nora R.A. Saleh1

...ages nematode reduction, bacterial isolates added before and after nematode inoculation were equal in decreasing M. incognita numbers, as they achieved higher average overall reduction (69.8%), when Pf isolates were added with the same time with Ne. Also, number of galls recorded the highest overall percentage reduction (60.3%), when Pf isolates were added before Ne followed by other groups. Also plant growth criteria improved according to the tested material ...

S. F. A. Awad-Allah 1 and M. S. Khalil 2

...ompost tea (VCT) and the bacterial bioagent Nemaless® was evaluated against Meloidogyne incognita infecting banana (Musa acuminata) cv. “Grand Nain” as compared to the nematicide fenamiphos 40% EC under laboratory and field conditions. Experiments were carried-out during two successive seasons (2016 and 2017). Results of the laboratory tests showed that the toxicity of VCT and Nemaless® to M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) was increa...
W. M. A. El-Nagdi1†, M. M. A.Youssef1, H. Abd-El-Khair1, M. M. M. Abd Elgawadand M. G. Dawood2
... combined application of bacterial inoculation of Bacillus subtilis (Bs), B. pumilus (Bp) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) on M. incognita, infecting cowpea cv. Baladi. Based on average percentages of nematode reduction, P. fluorescens (Pf) achieved (89.0%) followed by the combined treatments of Pf+Bs (88.5%) and Pf + Bs + Bp (86.3%) as compared to untreated positive and negative controls. As for cowpea vegetative growth, the highest plant growth increase (69....

Hira Anwar1, Muhammad Jabran1,3, Anam Moosa2, Usman Arshad2, Abdul Haseeb1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Burhan4, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed5 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*

... the effect of different bacterial strains i.e., Bacillus sp. MN54, Enterobacter sp. MN17 and Burkholderia. phytofirmans PsJN alone and in different combinations was assessed on plant growth promotion and inhibition of M. incognita infection on okra in a greenhouse experiment under completely randomized design (CRD). The results revealed that application of Enterobacter sp. MN17 significantly enhanced the root length (19.0), root weight (8.7), and shoot dry we...

M. M. A. Youssef1†, Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi1, and Mona G. Dawood2

...duced by nitrogen fixing bacteria, Rhizobium) and yield followed the
same trend as the highest rate of sugar beet residues was used; there was the highest percentages increase of plant
growth, yield and number of nodules. It is clearly noticed that soluble carbohydrates, total carbohydrates, phenols
and soluble proteins in seeds increased at the different treatments compared to those of the untreated check and the

S. Ahmed†, Q. Liu and H. Jian

...s plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). In the green house experiments identified isolates; B.cereus XZ 24-2-1, B. cereus XZ-33-3, B. weihenstephansis MH-58-60-01, B. thuringiensis MH 032-003 and a nematicide (Avermectin) were used as seed coating. All four Bacillus isolates significantly reduced nematode infection of wheat roots when juveniles were used as inoculum after 10 days post inoculation. Noteworthy reduction in white female cyst development was obs...

I. Jafri, A.A. Shahid, A. Ibrahim† and M. Atif

...ield. Various strains of bacteria were examined for their influence on shoot, root length, plant
height, egg-mass, number of juveniles and number of knots per root system. Outcomes revealed that
Controlled (C1) Meloidogyne sp., Bacillus sp., (T1), Meloidogyne sp., and Bacillus thuringiensis (T2)
remarkably suppressed nematode infestations because they act as growth inhabiting agents for juveniles;
reduce gall mas...

A.A. Mokbel

...8.5% increase. Number of bacterial
nodules/root system was significantly increased with Pp treatments in both seasons. However, numbers of adherent
endospores on J2 cuticle were ranged 3.6-9.4 and 6.2-11.4 endospore/J2 in the 1st and 2nd season, respectively. High
Pp concentrations resulted in the highest numbers of adherent endospores.
...

A.W. Amin†, A.A. Anter, A.H. Ashoub* and A.S. El-Nuby*

...s showed that all tested bacterial strains
showed significant reduction in nematode development and reproduction. The most effective strains were M.
methanica, B. cereus, B. brevis and O. proteus. They were achieving the highest reduction in nematode total
population and fecundity. Plant growth was improved as a result of application of rhizobacteria. Antioxidant
enzymes activi...

Rinat Islamov*, Dinara Turegeldieva, Altyn Rysbekova, Kuralay Sarmantayeva, Victor Semenuyk 

...this, several pathogenic bacteria and viruses from the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA) were selected. The main methods of testing biological samples from laboratory mice and rats were realtime polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A high prevalence of some pathogens among conventional laboratory animals used by some academic institutes and universities of Almaty has been shown. Rodentibacter pne...

Nuzhat Munawar1, Abrar Hussain1, Imran Sajid2, Zahra Noreen1, Muhammad Aslam3*, Zeeshan Rehman1 and Aamir Ali3,4

...ctive compounds. The antibacterial potential of various plant extracts was evaluated using well diffusion and disc diffusion assay against various disease-causing microorganisms. In the case of well diffusion assay, the plant exhibited a maximum 16mm inhibition zone against B. subtilis a minimum 10 mm inhibition zone against P. aeruginosa, with acetone extract. The same extract seems inactive against K. pneumoniae as compared to control. When tested on S. aure...

Hina Safdar1,2*, Nazir Javed2, Sajid Aleem Khan2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3, Arif Mehmood3 and Muhammad Arshad4

...akistan on the symbiotic bacteria associated with EPNs and their metabolites. In this laboratory study, two bacterial isolates i.e. Xenorhabdus spp. associated with EPN Steinernema glaseri (Steiner) (Steinernematidae) and Photorhabdus spp. associated with EPN Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (Heterorhabditidae), were evaluated against armyworm Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) which is a destructive ...

Sri Setyaningrum*, Dini Julia Sari Siregar, Tengku Gilang Pradana  

... content and lactic acid bacteria. The treatment decreased (p<0.05) of feed conversion ratio (FCR), meat fat content, meat cholesterol and total coliform in the ileum and caecum. The treatments of CGLp were not affected (p> 0.05) of feed intake, immune organs, hematological and pH in the ileum and caecum. In conclusion, the CGLp treatments improve the performance, carcass, and gut microflora of broiler chickens.

Keywords | Gembili tuber, Broiler,...

Dina N. Ali1*, Sayed H. Elhabtey2*, Manal M. Amin1  

... pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, which are prone to contaminating food. This suggests that bio-preservatives may be used during the cheese-making process. So, this research was done to determine how well moringa oil (MO) and its nano emulsion (Nano-MO) work on some food poisoning bacteria inoculated into white cheese in vitro and in vivo. Prepared (Nano-MO) had the Z-average diameter of 76.04±51.13 nm and polydisper...
Abdelwahab Mohammed Abdelwahab1,2*, Ahmed Almadani1, Ibrahim Almehsen1
...c matter, phytoplankton, bacteria and grazers of the bacteria, which is suspended in ponds and tanks. The current study aimed to determine feed utilization, growth performance, morphological and chemical body features, and blood profile upon dietary biofloc feeding to red Tilapia fingerlings. The diets were control and biofloc (00.0%, 33.0%, 66.0%, and 100.0%). The diets were fed to red Tilapia fingerlings (14.3 ± 0.1...

Vetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova1, Boris Kazievich Laipanov1, Ismail Anatolyevich Bittirov2, Kerim Khasanovich Bolatchiev1, Kamilla Gadzhimuradovna Alieva4, Anatoly Murashevich Bittirov2,3* 

Tariq H.Y. Al-Maliky*, Mahmood S. Hashim and Amal S. Al-Sheraa

...ext-align: justify;">The bacterial content of the water of Metapenaeus affinis and Macrobrachium nipponense juvenile shrimp cultured in two salinities (3 and 15 g.L-1) were observed during 45 days. The initial and final weights of M. affinis were (0.939 ± 0.069 and 1.581 ± 0.183 g) in 3 g.L-1, and (0.939 ± 0.065 and 2.274 ± 0.294 g) in 15 g.L-1. While for M. nipponense, it was (0.914 ± 0.086 and 1.308 ± 0.070 g) in 3 g...

Khasan Khamidovich Shakhbiev1*, Saidkhamzat Saidmagomedovich Abumuslimov1, Larisa. Vakhaevna Taramova1, Islam Khasanovich Shakhbiev1, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova2 

...ggs of E. granulosus and bacteria of the genus Streptococcus and an improvement in the physiological state of the body. In the experiments, a new complex bactericidal-anthelmintic composition azitroprazifen, including of 1 g per praziquantel 250 mg, azithromycin 150 mg, fenbendazole 250 mg, copper chelate 100 mg, cobalt chloride 100 mg and zeolite 150 mg, at a dose of 20 mg / kg dog body weight which the is a biologically safe, effective therapeutic and prophy...
Safika1*, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari1, Juliadi Ramadhan2
... agents like as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites can cause feline respiratory conditions. Antibiotics can be used to treat diseases caused on by bacterial organisms. This research aims to determine antibiotic resistance and the gene coding for antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical cats in Bogor, Indonesia. This study’s total sample comprised of 58 clinical cat laryngeal swabs. Sam...
Aadil Sultan, Mohsin Ahmad Khan*, Nadeem Ahmed, Muhammad Hassan, Rashid Bhatti, Hafsa Naeem, Muhammad Islam Khan, Saad Tahir,  Samia Afzal* and Ahmad Ali Shahid
...ome metabolic burdens on bacterial cells. The current study provides gene multimerization strategy as an alternate way to amplify the gene dosage and explores its effect on the expression of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) by constructing three types of expression vectors i.e., pET28-EGF-C1, pET28-EGF-C2 and pET28-EGF-C3, each containing single, double and triple expression cassettes, respectively. These vectors were transformed in E. coli strain Rosetta-...

Yusri Sapsuha1*, Nur Sjafani1, Suryati Tjokrodiningrat2

...o an increase in harmful bacteria and causing antibiotic residues in meat which has implications for stunted growth performance and increased health problems in broiler farms. Herbal products have been proposed for use in broiler production in order to maintain health and maximize the growth potential of modern broilers. The performance of broiler chickens is focused on maximizing performance parameters, i.e., fast chicken growth with low feed consumption, and...

Hesham A. Mahran1,2*, Shawky M Aboelhadid3, Saad S. Alqahtani4,5, Mohamed Z. Sayed Ahmed4,5

... was to create safe, antibacterial formulations based on cinnamon oil that were effective against Culex pipiens adults and pupae. Cinnamon nanoemulsion (CNE) was synthesized and characterized. The binary mixture of cinnamon with sesame oil (CS) was prepared at a rate of one part cinnamon to 3 parts sesame oil. Multiple concentrations from these formulations were prepared and tested against laboratory-reared adults and pupae of C. pipiens. The safety results sh...

Ghada A. Ibrahim1*, Mohamed Sayed Helal1, Nahed Abd Elhafeeze Kamoura2, Mohamed Samir3,4, Amira Mohamed Mazid5, Mohamed F.M. Farag6

...he dominantly pathogenic bacteria that involved in bovine respiratory infections. Its spreading problem is growing rapidly especially it could combine resistance with high-level of virulence traits that make it is more difficult to be treated. This study provides insight into the respiratory infections by Klebsiella spp. and its MDR profile in bovine cases, as well as the potential target genes that were involved in the links between virulence determinants and...

Van-Thanh Vo1, Thi-Hieu Tran1, Thi-Truc-Thao Nguyen1, Van-Tri Truong1, Cu-Thien Pham1, Thanh-Minh Pham2 and Huyen Nguyen Thi Thuong1*

...treptococcus agalactiae (bacteria causing hemorrhagic disease) in red tilapia with an infective concentration of 106 CFU/mL. The experiment was arranged with 2 control treatments: control 1 – commercial feed + no infection; control 2 - commercial feed + infection of S. agalactiae; and 3 experimental treatments with essential oils concentrations of 0.125%; 0.25% and 0.5%. The study examined the blood cell morphology and physiological blood indices of red ...

Songruo Tao1, Cuiyi Liao1, Jinju Peng1, Yuexia Ding1,* and Yi Ma1,2,*

...apeutic effect on animal bacterial diseases, most of metabolites enter the soil in the form of metabolites in feces or urine and pollute environment. Soil ecological model was established by experiment to investigate the effects of florfenicol residues in soil on 16S rDNA sequence diversity of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria. Five different concentrations of florfenicol (0 mg·kg-1, 0.1 mg·kg-1, 1 mg·kg-...

Noor Rahmawati, Alfi Rumidatul* and Sopandi Sunarya

... compounds that have antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The method used in this study was to ferment endophytic fungi from gall rust sengon in different media, namely PDB, PDB plus sengon wood powder, and PDB plus yeast, for 9 days, followed by extraction using ethyl acetate solvent and testing of antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The DPPH radical was used to measure antioxidant activity, and Bacillus subtillis wa...

JAVERIA NEHAL1, ARIF MUHAMMAD KHAN1, AZHAR ABBAS KHAN*2, MUHAMMAD MUBIN3, HAFIZ MUHAMMAD TAHIR4 & JAVED IQBAL5

...s taken for isolation of bacteria. Lesions were cut into parts and streak bacteria by the help of inoculation loop grown in nutrient medium. Pure bacterial culture of Xanthomonas axonopodis were used for detection by standard PCR. Xanthomonas axonopodis was diagnosed by amplification of 16S rDNA. A fragment of ~1.4 kb was amplified and cloned for sequencing Out of three markers used (K1F-C...

MUHAMMAD ASHFAQ*1, QURAT-UL-AIN ASGHAR1, RAHILA HAFEEZ1, AMNA ALI1, MUHAMMAD SALEEM HAIDER1, MUHAMMAD ALI1, MUHAMMAD BILAL CHATTHA1 ABDUL RASHEED1 & MUHAMMAD SAJJAD2

...he highest percentage of bacterial isolates (16%) was recorded with Basmati Shaheen variety. Total of six fungal and three bacterial species namely Fusarium sp., Alternaria alternata, Pyricularia sp., Dreschslera sp., Penicillium sp., Curvularia sp., Acetobacterium, Deniobacter and Micrococcus were isolated from different rice varieties.
 
Key Words: Rice, seed-borne micro-flora, blotter paper, d...
SAEED AHMED*1, ZIA-UR-RAHMAN1, SALMA KHALID2, TARIQ KHAN1, ARSHAD IQBAL3
& ZAMARUD SHAH4
...r the isolation of Enterobacteriaceae. Different identification tests have been carried out by using various selective and differential media (MacConkey agar, Eosine & Methylene Blue agar) for isolation and identification of microorganisms.Water samples showed the presence of faecal contamination; especially coliform bacteria which is a risk for the health of local community. Salmonella spp. was detected in 7.42 % of wat...
 
 MUHAMMAD MUNEEB SOHAIL1, FATIMA AMEER2, GUR CHARN SINGH2, MUHAMMAD ZAID1* 
...ticipants suffering from bacterial/viral infection, hemophilia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, or anemia were excluded from this study. Statistically significant and non-significant results were obtained for different lipoprotein fractions. Although, Body Mass Index (BMI) was a good classical indicator of obesity, other indicators like A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI), also proved significant in assessing the t...
 
 SADAF SARFRAZ1*, SAFDAR AMEER1, REENA AMBREEN1, SHOMAILA SIKANDAR 2, SHAISTA NAWAZ3 AND YASIR SALEEM
...n method against various bacterial and fungal strains. As shown by the findings of the present study, Cinnamon oil is found a potent antibacterial agent against all microbes used. Additionally, it was found that cinnamon samples collected from Sri Lanka has the highest oil content (3.1%), followed by China (2.8 %) and India (1.9 %), where all tests were standardised using fixed oil levels...
 
 SAIMA AFTAB1, ATTIA HAMID1, MAHJBEEN2, JAVERIA TARIQ2, ZULQURNAIN ALI2, ASMA ZAFAR2* 
...el is engaged by various bacteria, yeast, and fungi. But Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most commonly used yeast. Different substrates have been used for ethanol production such as sweat sorghum cane extract, lignocellulose, starch-based substrate and molasses, and other wastes. In this study low-quality apples were used for the production of ethanol that was further used for various purposes. From this work, it is clear that the maximum ethanol produc...
 
 SAIMA AFTAB1, ATTIA HAMID1, MAHJBEEN2, JAVERIA TARIQ2, ZULQURNAIN ALI2, ASMA ZAFAR2* 
...el is engaged by various bacteria, yeast, and fungi. But Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most commonly used yeast. Different substrates have been used for ethanol production such as sweat sorghum cane extract, lignocellulose, starch-based substrate and molasses, and other wastes. In this study low-quality apples were used for the production of ethanol that was further used for various purposes. From this work, it is clear that the maximum ethanol produc...
 
 ANSA KHALID, UZMA HAMEED* AND IKRAM-UL-HAQ 
...96 U/ml) was obtained by bacterial strain IIB-C9 in fermentation medium M6 comprising (yeast extract 15 g/L, sucrose 40 g/L, and Na2HPO4 20 g/L). The optimized temperature an...
 
 ANSA KHALID, UZMA HAMEED* AND IKRAM-UL-HAQ 
...96 U/ml) was obtained by bacterial strain IIB-C9 in fermentation medium M6 comprising (yeast extract 15 g/L, sucrose 40 g/L, and Na2HPO4 20 g/L). The optimized temperature an...

Ahmed Ali Chandio1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Nazar Ali Korejo2, Riaz Ahmed Leghari3 and Muhammad Ali Chandio4

...mpared to control. Total bacterial count and Lactobacillus count was increased (P < 0.05), while coliform count was decreased (P < 0.05) on day 21 in PPLP supplemented groups comparing with the control group. In summary PPLP had positive impact on performance, parameters of humoral and cellular immunity and gut microflora in a dose-dependent fashion thus suggested its’ inclusion in broilers diet up to 2% level.

...

Dalia Mansour Hamed1, Mohsen Zaky El Dimerdash1, Ahmed Abdelatif Ali2, Samer Adel Abd El-Gaffar3, Mona Salim Abdallah1* 

...y aimed to highlight the bacterial and behavioral causes of mortalities among young rabbits and control such problems. A survey on 167 specimens collected from diseased and freshly dead young rabbits in some Egyptian provinces was conducted. In addition, an experiment was carried out on 15 pregnant does divided into 3 groups: (A) opened, (B) semi closed and (C) closed nursing systems. Mean body weight, and mortalities were recorded. Moreover, 18 weaned rabbits...

Hanaa M. Abdelkhalek1, Hanan E. Nagib1, Randa S. Elias1, Saad S. Mansour1, Walid S. Mousa2*

...ation showed synergistic bacterial potential antimicrobial activity in treatment of mastitis due to P. aeruginosa infection and help in reducing the resistance problem.
 
Keywords | Amikacin, P. areuginosa, mPCR, Norfloxacin, Virulence, Resistance, Mastitis
...

Zulaikha Zainool Abidin1, Fahim Hafiy Idris2, Suriya Kumari Ramiah1, Elmutaz Atta Awad1, Zunita Zakaria3,4, Zulkifli Idrus1,2* 

...ient data, both types of bacteria were excluded from the study. Eight hours of feed withdrawal increased the population of Lactobacilli significantly but had a negligible effect on E. coli and Clostridium spp. counts. Prolonged duration of road transportation and lairage increased caecal counts of E coli. Birds road transported for 8 h had a higher caecal population of Clostridium spp. but lairage duration had no significance on the ba...

Riswandi1*, Ali Aim1, Muhakka1, Afnur Imsya1, Agus Wijaya2

...ethane production, total bacteria, and protozoa were the variables observed. The results showed that the combination of swamp forage could increase (p<0.05) DMD, OMD, TVFA, partial VFA, and total bacteria, while N-NH3, methane production, and protozoa decreased. It was concluded that the combination of water mimosa in the ration was the best composition in increasing DMD, OMD, total bacteria

Dian Septinova*, Hananda Sofia, Nari Ratih, Armelia Rizqika, Riyanti, Veronica Wanniatie, Madi Hartono 

... reducing pH, total meat bacteria, and raw meat color, but not on water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, organoleptic (raw meat odor, color, odor, and the taste of cooked meat). Storage time at cold temperatures (5oC) for 7 and 14 days affected the decrease in cooking loss, total bacteria, but not pH, and WHC of control and marinated meat. The 40 minutes of marinating using FWC can be applied to get the best quality of ...

Shaimaa M. Ahmed1, Gehan M.A. Kassem1*, Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez2, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem1 

...urbidity measurement and bacterial cell count in TSB. Moreover, the coefficient of determination index (R2) was 0.8789 which indicates that the linear function was acceptable for reflecting the relationship between them. The growth kinetics of S. aureus obtained from Baranyi model indicated that the maximum growth rate was non-significantly different between turbidity and plate count methods and the primary models fit well (R2; 0.83 vs 0.93) in the two methods...

Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob1, Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef2*, Entesar H. Taha1, Mona M.S. Zayed3, Hassan Abd- El-Khair4 and Nora R.A. Saleh2

...ndicated that the tested bacterial isolates at two concentrations (25 and 50%) significantly (p≤0.05) inhibited M. incognita- egg hatching at each exposure period (24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs) compared to untreated control. As for the percentages of the second stage juveniles mortality increased with increasing the concentrations and exposure periods. Generally, the highest egg hatching inhibition and juvenile mortality occurred after 96 and 72hrs exposure to the...

Mostafa Mohamed Attia Hammam, Moawad Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed* and Mahfouz Mohamed Mostafa Abd-Elgawad

...he biological (Nemaless, bacterial strains of Serratia marcescens) nematicide; that is, the gain threshold was 0.78 versus 0.57 metric tons of pods feddan−1 (= 4200 m−2), respectively. This comparison should serve as a favorable, forward-looking assessment for the economic and safe application of biological pest control. Applying the chemical (oxamyl) or biological (Nemaless) nematicide is justified for M. arenaria control but Nemaless is less cost...

Ahmad Jupri1*, Yuliana Vofi2, Faturrahman2, Immy Suci Rohyani1, Ernawati1, Bulkaini3, Djoko Kisworo3, Wardatul Jannah4 

... by contaminants such as bacteria, viruses and others during storage and distribution. This study aims to analyze the quality and microbiological feasibility of drinking water sourced from Joben Springs, Montong Gading, East Lombok. The research was carried out in May-June 2021. The research method used was purposive sampling with sampling carried out at three points: the spring, the main reservoir, and the residents’ reservoir. The Coliform test was car...

A.S. Gamal El din1; Sohair I. El-Afifi2; A. S. Sadik 2; Nashwa M. A. Abd El-Mohsen1; and H. M. Abdelmaksoud1

...was purified from I L of bacterial culture.

...

Om-Hashem M. El Banaa l, A.A. Abou Zeid2, Fawzia I. Moursy3 and Azza, G. Farag

...on of chromosomal DNA in bacteria. The Immunocapture- Polymerase Chain Reaction (IC-PCR) technique was applied for detection of S. citri Saglio et al in which the Spiroplasma was captured with the specific polyclonal antibodies on a solid-phase. Specific primers based on the sequence of the Morocco strains of S. citri Saglio (R8A2HP and G113) were used. Two pairs of primers SC. SC’ and SC8. SC9 were used. PCR fragment of correct size 330bp was amplified ...

Tanvir Ahmed1, Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury1, Bibek Chandra Roy1Shubash Chandra Das1*, Khan Md. Shaiful Islam2, Bipul Chandra Ray1, Sukumar Saha3 

... reducing the pathogenic bacteria load, and boosting the immune response. PB may be a suitable alternative to AGP.  

...

Chun Shi, Juanjuan Guo, Meng Li, Qi Yang and Jingang Li*

...g was used to detect the bacterial community composition of S. dauricus intestine before, during, and after the artificial hibernation process and short awakening hibernation, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant alpha diversity during the four periods; however, the beta diversity was different, especially in the awakening period. These differences in beta diversity may be due to the significantly increased abundance of 11 kinds of

Rafik Soliman1*, Rafik H. Sayed2, Hanan Mahmoud3, Heidy Abo El-Yazeed1, Marsell Saad1, Shaimaa Abdelall Elsaady2, Khalid Sh3 

...rom the most encountered bacterial pathogens, namely, E. coli, S. aureus, Str. agalactiae and Str. dysgalactiae. The selected strains for vaccine preparation were inactivated with a predetermined minimal lethal dose of gamma radiation (4krad kGy/min) and the bacterial inactivation was assured using bacteriological examination. Two experiments were done; in experiment No.1, the immunizing efficacy of the prepared vaccine was...

Muhammad Arshad Iqbal*, Aamir Ghafoor, Irfan Ahmad, Muhammad Ijaz 

...issue tropism pattern of bacteria through dilution method. 4 birds/ group were slaughtered at d35 and d42, liver, spleen, intestine, and ceca were collected to observe organ colonization. Use of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as feed additive decreased the shedding pattern of S. Enteritidis and Cl. Perfringens and may pave way for safe poultry rearing and addressing public health concerns associated with AGP.
 

...

Yue-Xia Ding1, Qun Wu2, Zhao Namula1 and Yi Ma1,*

...e main pathogens causing bacterial disease such as mastitis and endometritis in dairy farming. The virulence factors produced by Streptococcus are related to the occurrence of inflammation. To investigate the correlation between antimicrobial resistance and virulence traits of bovine Streptococcal isolates. Induced resistance was conducted for Streptococcus pneumonia ATCC49619 and erythromycin-sensitive strains by gradually increasing the antimicrobial concent...

Meng Wang, Dongliang Zhou, Huixia Li, Chunqin Wu,Yan Zhao and Houqiang Luo*

...lular environment of the bacterial cell, or directly to other cells. The bacterial secretion system plays an irreplaceable role in this process. Up to now, at least 11 kinds of secretion systems are involved in the pathogenesis role of bacteria, especially the formation of bacterial resistance. Therefore, the study of the bacteri...

Sahar Ezeldien1,2, Foromo Dramou2, Fatma M. Yousseff3*, Alexander A. Nikishov2, Sergy B Seleznev2

...plants known for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to determine the effect of chamomile aqueous extract on the productivity, egg quality, and serum biochemical parameters of laying Japanese quail. A total of 42 Japanese quail were separated into two groups of 21 birds each, with three replicates per group (7 birds) at random; the control group without any additives and the supplemented group with chamomi...

Bambang Hartoyo1*, Tri Rachmanto Prihambodo1,2, Wahyuningsih3, Sri Rahayu1, Fransisca Maria Suhartati1, Muhamad Bata1, Efka Aris Rimbawanto1

...ia coli. Due to pathogen bacteria decrease, the histologic structures of digestive tract encounter improvement through minimizing damage of villus. In conclusion, lactobacillus supplementation in broilers increase performance due to improvement in the digestive tract and decrease in pathogenic bacteria with 5 x 10-7 cfu log-1 Lactobacillus population recommendation.
 
Keywords | Intestinal, Micro...

Sumbal Nazir1*, Farkhanda Manzoor2, Ishrat Perveen3, Anum Rana2, Irum Naureen1, Abad Ali Nadeem3 and Hafiza Najma Naeem2 

...rcial crops. Some viral, bacterial, protozoan, and fungal pathogens are attached on the honeybees worldwide. These pathogens affect the honeybee population by creating disease in it, which also effect the economy of country. It destroys the honey production and causes a subsequent reduction in the crop yield. In this present work, we isolated and screened various honeybee pathogens i.e., Nosema apis, Nosema cerus, Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Black queen ...

Pawinee Kingkan1, Thanathip Supcharoenkul1, Chaowit Rakangthong1, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak1, Komwit Surachat2,3, Wiriya Loongyai1* 

... E coli detection, cecal bacterial composition, and the incidence of diarrhea in nursery pigs for 6 weeks. A total of 800 pigs (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) were randomly allocated to two treatments: a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of amoxicillin and colistin (Amox-Co) and a basal diet supplemented with amoxicillin and 1 g/kg of a bacteriophage cocktail (Amox-Phage). Each treatment consisted of eight replicate pens, with 50 pigs per rep...

Md. Rashedul Islam1, Abul Farah Md. Hasanuzzaman1*, Md. Latiful Islam2, Ghausiatur Reza Banu1 

...y. But some chitinolytic bacteria (Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., and Pseudomonas spp.) poses major threats in the production line of mud crab larvae. Hence, the present study tried to determine prevalence and load of total and pathogenic bacteria in the different components of the mud crab hatchery. Selective agar media, a series of biochemical tests, and bacteria isolation kits were used f...

Suleman Irfan1*, Masood Rabbani1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Sehrish Firyal2 and Arfat Yousaf Shaheen1

... Salmonella and coliform bacteria in poultry feed samples collected from poultry shed and store-room of poultry farm. Out of 20 swabs only 5% showed Salmonella prevalence. Molecular detection of Salmonella in collected meat samples through PCR targeting His-J gene showed 6.66% of positive samples previously identified by culturing and biochemical profile. The study showed that poultry meat has highest bacterial load which re...

Mati Ullah1*, Muhammad Rizwan2, Ali Raza3, Xianlin Zhao4, Yanling Sun4, Sarah Gul5, Muhammad Ihtesham Waheed6, Muhammad Nadeem Khan7, Alvina Gul8, Sami Ullah Jan9* and Chao Huang4*

...of probiotic lactic acid bacteria with numerous commercial and applied health applications. In the present study, we comparatively analysed the genomes of three strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, Lactobacillus casei L9, and Lactobacillus paracasei W56) of LCG isolated from traditional yogurt samples using the next-generation sequencing approach. The GC contents of the characterized strains were in the range of 46.03 to 46.52% while the protein-coding...

Sarwat Yousuf1, Shaista Emad2 , Mohammad Misbah ur Rehman3, Zehra Batool4, Sara Qadeer5, Yousra Sarfaraz1, Sheeza Sheikh1, Sana Sadaf6 and Tahira Perveen1,*

...d as an antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. This study intended to determine the potential role of lemon peel oil in neurobehavioral function and oxidative stress. Rats were treated with lemon peel oil at a dose of 0.7, 1.4, 2.1, 2.7, 3.5 g/kg for 14 days. Results showed that lemon peel oil at low doses has antidepressant and anxiolytic activity. Muscular strength was also improved at low doses. The brain antioxidant defense enzymes were al...

Amina Rahat1, Zahin Anjum1*, Sehlina Zehra2, Fatima Umal Baneen3 and Rabia Chishti1

...cts showed potential antibacterial, insecticidal and antifungal activities against different. The research has focused on the potential therapeutic efficacy of AliumSativum, NigelaSativa, and Plantago Ovata in the treatment of microbial infections due to their significant antibacterial activity. Additionally, Different fractions of the A. sativum, P. ovata, N. sativa were prepared anad analyzed for anti...

Skenndri Safae1*, Charrat Nadia2, Jmiai Mehdi3, Nassik Saadia1 

...existence of a number of bacterial entities. Most of them were foodborne pathogens, in fact, all the groups displayed close levels of infection by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, and Staphylococcus spp; And Yersinia enterocolitica was also detected on one of the farms. Broiler performance can be affected to varying degrees by biosecurity levels on farms. Higher biosecurity levels can prevent early onset of gut inflammation, while lower...

Yaman Saad Fadhil

...n the growth rate of the bacterial population, and it continued till the last day of storage at 4oC. The sensory study revealed that odour alterations in samples that contain propolis extract were much better in treated samples compared with the control treatment. This study concludes that propolis water extract has potential application as a food ingredient in poultry meat.

...
Daud Khan1, Naila Chand1, Muhammad Saeed2, Muhammad Tahir3, Alam Zeb4 and Rifat Ullah Khan5*
... production performance, bacterial count and intestinal histology of broilers under E. coli infection. A total of 800 broilers were assigned to 5 experimental groups: Negative control (birds fed a basal diet and not challenged), positive control (birds fed a basal diet and orally challenged with E. coli O157 H7 at the rate of 1 × 109 CFU/ml; positive control), infected + enrofloxacin, infected + silver nitrate at the rate of 100 mg/kg (SN100) and infecte...

Abdulaziz A. Alaqil*

...a 2 g/kg diet of LA bacteria. At 47 wk of age, layers in one of the control or LA groups received an intravenous injection for 7 consecutive days with 0.5 ml of sterile saline contained LPS at 8 mg per kg of layer body weight, whereas the layers in the other ones of the control or LA groups received intravenous injection of 0.5 ml saline only. The four treatment groups (control, LPS, LPS+LA, and LA groups, respectively) were monitored for their productive...

Mehwish Malik1*, Zanib Sadia2, Muhammad Sajid3, Hammidullah1, Yasir Amin1, Zubair Ali1 and Sohail Ahmad1

...s them resistant to many bacteria including ESBL E. coli. Resistance of microbes to antibiotics is becoming an alarming situation throughout the world and the infection caused by such bacteria is difficult to treat and handle and ultimately an economic challenge to Pakistan also. E. coli is worth important bacteria in poultry as it is an opportunistic cocco-bacilli, it may cause Colibacill...

Isatay Tusupovich Jakupov, Gulzhan Tursunovna Yeszhanova, Gulnur Kurbanalievna Mamytbekova* 

...ritis. Subsequently, the bacterial background of uterine mucus in sick cows was investigated and St. pyogenes, E. faecalis, and E. coli were isolated. For the complex treatment of acute postpartum endometritis, the cows of the experimental groups were treated with the phytopreparation C. leucocladum. For comparison, the drug «Biometrosanit» was used in the treatment of cows of the control group. Phytopreparations of C. leucocladum were suppositorie...

Altaf Ur Rahman1, Muhammad Ajmal Khan2*, Ali Hazrat3, Awais Farid4, Muhammad Yahya3* and Inam Ullah5

...e and evolution of novel bacterial strains. Numerous plants act as a source of novel compounds that could be used to develop new drugs. Therefore, the current study was aimed to investigate the methanolic extract of Corylus jacquemontii for phytochemical, antibacterial, antioxidant potential. The methanolic fraction of C. jacquemontii was evaluated for quantitative phytochemical constituents. The anti

Abdur Rauf1*, Farooq Jan1, Muhammad Qayash2, Zia-ul-Islam3, Rizwanullah1, Ikramullah Khan1, Muhammad Shuaib4, Muhammad Khalid5 and Samrin Gul6

...5mg/ml) was used against bacterial and fungal species. The four pathogenic bacteria (Micrococcus luteus, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and two fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger) were examined. The above-mentioned various ethanolic crude extracts of H. eichwaldii revealed the highest potential (15.82±0.40), (18.12±0.56), and (17.41±0.51) against S. aureus, a moderate act...

Nguyen Thi Anh Thu1*, Ly Thi Thu Lan1, Nguyen Thuy Linh1, Chau Cong Dang1, Nguyen Hoang Phuc1, Tran Dinh Tuan1, Nguyen Trong Ngu2 

...y rate and the number of bacteria in the internal organs of chicks were dramatically decreased in BC+S group compared to S group in both treatments. Moreover, supplementing BC tended to improve the weight gain of chicks.  

...

Muhammad Adeel Farooq1, Shaukat Ali1*, Ali Hassan1, Rida Sulayman1, Muhammad Ahsan Kaleem2, Hafsa Shahzad1, Muhammad Summer1, Arooj Latif1, Tahreem Tanveer1

Farha Deba1, Rubina Nelofer2 and Muhammad Irfan1*

...tigation, seven distinct bacterial strains that can produce keratinase were isolated and identified from the abattoir region. A transparent, clear zone was evident in each isolate during the initial primary screening on skimmed milk agar plates. The secondary screening was then evaluated via submerged fermentation utilizing raw feathers as a substrate for keratinase production. On skimmed milk agar plates with streaked pure culture growth patterns, these seven...

Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi1,4, Hafandi Ahmad1, Norhariani Mohd Nor1, Goh Yong Meng1, Mohd Zamri Saad2, Md Zuki Abu Bakar1, Norafizah Abdul Rahman5,6, Agung Irawan7,9, Anuraga Jayanegara8,9, Hasliza Abu Hassim1,3,9*

 

...total fatty acids, total bacteria count, and total protozoa count increased in parallel with the concentrate levels in Diets B and C (P < 0.05) in both breeds. The result also revealed that Murrah cross and Swamp buffaloes showed comparable rumen fermentation patterns when treated with the same dietary treatments, but Swamp buffalo were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Ruminococcus albus and total fatty acid. This study showed that supplementing concen...
Asadullah Memon1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Saeed Ahmed Soomro2, Muhammad Ammar Khan3, Akeel Ahmed Memon4 and Hubdar Ali Kolachi1
... justify;">Abortifacient bacteria incur high production and economic losses in small ruminants worldwide. The present study assessed the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia abortus, and Brucella melitensis in 178 sheep and goat samples obtained from Hyderabad, Tando Allahyar, and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh Province of Pakistan. The results revealed that the seroprevalence of Q fever was significantly (p<0.05) higher than chlamydiosis and brucellos...
Maria Azam1, Tahir Mahmood Qureshi1, Saddam Hussain2, Amjad Islam Aqib3*, Shanza Rauf Khan4, Kashif Akram1, Misbah Ijaz5, Maheen Murtaza6, Afshan Muneer6 and Sammina Mahmood7
... strains were put to antibacterial testing assay against metallic nanoparticles both by well diffusion and broth microdilution method. To analyze the data, both probability and non-probability statistical tools were applied using SPSS version 22 of statistical software at 5% probability. The current study showed 24.56% of S. aureus positive from commercial dairy while the resistance of these isolates against gentamicin, enrofloxacin, levofloxacin, and vancomyc...
Tabark F Ahmed, Nibras Z. Yahya*
 
...xhibited synergistic antibacterial effects through fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC index < 1) against tested isolate, while the combination of ascorbic acid with erythromycin exhibited antagonistic effects. Furthermore, time-kill analysis showed that ASCORBIC/CIP combination exhibited highest synergistic and bactericidal effect. It was determined that in vitro study against E. coli O157 in the treatment of urinary tract infection, the combination o...

Mohamed Mahrous Amer1*, Hanaa Sayed Fedawy2, Hoda Mohamed Mekky2, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi2, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila2

...cken skin caused by many bacterial species, mainly Escherichia coli (E. coli) and/ or Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), causing severe economic losses in poultry. This study was done on 14-day old broiler Ross 308 chickens subcutaneous (s.c) injected with E. coli and/ or S. aureus to induce cellulitis. Clinical signs, mortality, pathological lesion, and growth performance were determined. Hematological parameters, liver and kidney functions were also recorded...
Iram Liaqat1*, Noor Muhammad1, Muhammad Mubin2, Najma Arshad3, Tehreema Iftikhar4, Sumera Sajjad5 and Farzana Rashid5
...aimed to explore the antibacterial and larvicidal potential of actinobacterial strains isolated from soil samples of Pakistan. Out of fourteen purified actinobacteria, antibiotic susceptibility profile confirmed five isolates showing resistance against tested antibiotics (ampicillin; lincomycin; rifampicin and erythromycin). Ribotyping confirmed that these isolates belong to Streptomyces s...

Yongman Guo1,2, Jundong Tian1,2,3, Dong Yang1,2 and Jiqi Lu1,2,3*

...t pathogens, viruses and bacteria in animals. Fresh fecal samples of adult Taihangshan macaques (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis) were collected during mating and non-mating periods, respectively, to understand the influences of mating status on physiological condition of wild macaques, through variation in fecal cortisol and IgA levels. The results showed that. (1) mean concentration of fecal cortisol in mating period (AM: 1751.12 ± 199.16 ng/g; AF: 1366.38...

Gang Liu*, Na Xu, Zhizhong Gong and Jiahui Feng

...ficantly correlated with bacterial genera (Sphingobacterium, Brevundimonas, Stenotrophomonas, Chryseobacterium, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas) in pairwise populations, and Ceratobasidium, Tomentella, Paurocotylis, Tuber, Podospora and Mortierella were the core fungal genera among the geese from both lakes. Nine potentially pathogenic species were identified across all samples, and the relative abundances of potential pathogens were significantly higher in the...

Sherein H. Mohamed1, Soad El Naggar2*, Ayman A. Hassan3, Mohamed A.M. Mousa3, Mohamed M. Basyony3, Mohamed F. Sadek3, Mohamed A. A. Ahmed4, Saadia M. Hashem5 

...nd facultative anaerobic bacteria (Lactobacillus spp.) in all treatment groups.  Concurrently, they showed increase (P<0.05) in total protein, albumin, and globulin, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, immunoglobulins G and A.  Moreover, the extracts supplementation decreases ammonia-nitrogen, butyric acid, Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp., and Enterococcus spp., total cholesterol, high density lip...

Jameel-ur-Rehman1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Ahmad Ali Moryani1, Riaz Ahmed Leghari1, Abdullah Sethar2, Ali Raza Nizamani3, Abdul Ahad Soomro3, Kanwar Kumar Malhi1 

...usceptibility profile of bacterial organisms isolated from fish samples. A total of 120 fish samples were collected from fish retail market and ponds (60 from each source) comprising of three fish species i.e., Labeo rohita (LR; local name Rohu), Catla catla (CC; local name Thaila) and Cirrhinus mrigala (CM; local name Morakhi). The samples were processed for isolation of bacterial organisms using conventional culture method...

Peter Amuguni Mbato*, Wanzila Usyu Mutinda, Noah Kipkoech Maritim, Nicholas Edwin Odongo 

... lesions and the risk of bacterial infection. The study followed a completely randomized design, comprising of four treatments and three replications, with each replication consisting of 20 birds. Treatments A, B and C, where the birds were under FRPS at 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age, respectively, and the conventional complete confinement, treatment D (control). The birds were weighed and their foot pad lesions evaluated at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age. Liver samples...

Eman M. Abdelhady1, Nader Y. Mostafa1, Mohammed A. El-Magd2* and Ghada A. Kirrella1

...NPs exhibited higher antibacterial properties against S. aureus and E. coli, as revealed by lower minimal inhibition concentrations than the CP. Among these bacteria, E. coli was the most sensitive to CP and CNPs. Minced meat samples treated with CNPs showed significantly lower E. coli and total mesophilic counts than samples treated with CP. The pH values and antioxidant properties (as measured by the DPPH radical scavengin...

Tahir Rasool Qamar1, Sanaullah Iqbal1*, Muhammad Nasir1 and Habib-ur- Rehman2

...activities of pathogenic bacteria were lowest in this group and were significant (p≤0.05) when compared to group G2. Percentage of total aberrant crypt foci (ACF) inhibition was also higher (30.14%) in group G4 as compared to group G3 (18.55%). Elevated levels of short chain fatty acids were observed in chicory root powder groups particularly in G4 which having significant higher levels of acetate and butyrate compared to group G2. Group G4 also hindered bo...

Xu Yun-Ming1*, Sun Zhi-Yuan1, Yang Jian-Bo1, Bian Rong-Rong2, Ren Hong-Lin3, Zhong Si-Yuan1, Cai Yu-Hong1, Peng Jing1 and Bao Hua-Xia1

...must be needed to enrich bacteria. Visual dye hydroxynaphthol (HNB) successfully used in LAMP assay was established for detection of B. cereus in meat.

...

Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Masood Rabbani1*, Sohail Raza1, Ali Raza Awan2, Aleena Kokab1 and Iqra Nazir3

... parent RB51. The mutant bacterial growth significantly reduces (P< 0.05) as compared to the parent non-mutant confirming its auxotroph inability towards purine pathway biosynthesis which serves as a crucial factor for disease induction and survival inside the host system revealing enhanced attenuation in the deleted mutant. However, after supplementation of purine bases, the ΔpurD mutant bacteria regain growth in e...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Jamshaid Iqbal2, Tariq Mustafa3, Gul Rehman2, Muhammad Faisal Shahzad2, Muhammad Younas4,5*, Aftab Ahmad Khan6, Ameer Hamza2, Abdul Ghaffar1 and Muneer Abbas1

...rganisms likewise fungi, bacteria and viruses has proven to be a viable and sustainable pest management technique. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are currently used as biocontrol agents and are alternatives of synthetic insecticides in sustainable agriculture. The bio-efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF); Metarhizium anisopliae (PacerMA), Verticillium lecanii (Zimm) (Mealikil-VL), Isaria fumosorosea (Wise) and Beauveria bassiana (Bals) (Racer-BB) were invest...

Blessing Ndenum Peter1, Olufemi Bolarinwa Adedeji1, Reuben Chukwuka Okocha2,3*, Ekemini Moses Okon4 

...patterns of the isolated bacteria. The mean total bacterial and coliform counts were 6.40 log CFU/g and 6.24 log CFU/g, respectively. The total bacterial count was significantly lower in ready-to-eat shrimps sourced from Alesinloye [6.29 (6.24 – 6.33) log CFU/g] compared to those from Eleyele [6.43 (6.40 – 6.46) log CFU/g] and Bodija [6.43 (6.41 – 6.46) log CFU/g]. Of the...

Razia Sultana1, Shinawar Waseem Ali1*, Ghulam Murtaza2 and Shahid Mahmood2

... all groups. It contains bacterial microbiota, which has positive effects on the health of its consumers. For decades yogurt has been prepared traditionally by the method of back-slopping. Recently, it is also prepared commercially by using bacteria in different combinations. In this study, we aimed to detect and identify bacteria present in locally processed yogurt using the advanced next...
ZAMARA MASOOD1, FAROOQ SALEEM1, SARFRAZ AHMAD2, TALHA JAMSHAID3, IMRAN WAHEED4,
MUHAMMAD AZEEM1, UMAR FAROOQ GOHAR5 & HAFIZ MUHAMMAD ARSALAN6, 7*
...ibition against selected bacterial strains, both Gram
positive and Gram negative i.e. from 1.33 mm to 25.66 mm and against
fungal strains i.e. from 1.33 mm to 24.33 mm. These findings suggest that
the different parts of R. laetus exhibiting different biological activities and
could be used as a promising source of novel drugs.
...

MALIK ASIF HUSSAIN

... protective cover around bacteria and
hinder penetration of these agents deep. Furthermore, this tolerance also
helps them to survive against immune system, as immune system cells
and other components cannot penetrate through layers of biofilm. This
review paper discusses important aspects of biofilm formation, clinical
importance and the concept of resistance versus tolerance.
...

SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1*, MUNAZZA DANISH AJAZ2, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL3, AHSAN SATTAR SHEIKH4 & FIRDAUS KOUSAR BUKHARI5

...ade the concentration of bacteria. It has been reported that Lactobacillus reuteri is at par in efficacy in this regard. The aim of this article involves the provision of an update of the present and futuristic approaches and therapeutics to eradicate infections in animals and humans. Miscellaneous approaches include anti-Campylobacter compounds, probiotics, bacterial viruses, and vaccination and bacteriocins. These approach...

Orooba Mohammed Saeed Ibrahim1*, Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa2, Nibras Zeyad Yahya1 

...ew medication to counter bacterial infections. Consequently, there is a gap in the market for novel adjuvants. The primary initial source of many medicines used to treat diseases today was plants. This study aims to ascertain the antibacterial activities of fruit Citrus aurantium and Citrus limonum juice on isolated Staphylococcus aureus, Sterptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumonia. The antiba...
Ummul Firmani1,3, Rahmi Nurdiani2, Arning Wilujeng Ekawati2 and Happy Nursyam2*
...ign: justify;">Probiotic bacteria play an important role in fish growth and health in aquaculture, especially in fish rearing in inland waters. This study aimed to identify bacteria from the digestive tract of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal) and investigate their potential as probiotic candidates. Bacteria were isolated from the digestive tract of milkfish and identified using PCR techniq...

Vijay Kumar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Nazar Ali Korejo1, Ambreen Leghari2, Faiz Muhammad Khand2, Riaz Ahmed Leghari1, Khaliq-ur-Rehman Bhutto3 

...entification of isolated bacteria was done using the Salmonella specific biochemical tests. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined using the disk diffusion method. Salmonella were detected in 22, 19 and 10 samples, showing prevalence of 40.0, 42.22 and 40.0 percent in broiler, layer and ducks, respectively. Duck isolates exhibited 100 percent resistance against tetracycline, sulfamethazine and doxycycline, followed by ampicillin that showed 70% resi...

Aamir Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Farooq Bhatti, Muhammad Summer and Ali Haidar Gormani

...matory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-diabetic and antidepressant activities. Further studies should explore the mulberry leaves potentials as these plants have got the attention of both the pharmacological and commercial industries.
 
Novelty Statement | The mulberry leaves possess various therapeutic potentials. In this study, we have summarized all the therapeutic potentials of differe...

Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa1*, Hapsari Mahatmi1, Ketut Tono Pasek Gelgel1, I Gusti Ketut Suarjana1, I Nengah Kerta Besung1, Romy Muhammad Dary Mufa2 , I Wayan Sukernayasa3 

...a have mainly focused on bacteria; however, the presence of fungi has yet to be discussed in detail. This study aimed to provide data on the prevalence and identification of fungi by using morphological methods. The samples were vaginal swabs obtained from 22 healthy female Bali cattle from various locations in Bali, Indonesia. For isolation, vaginal swabs were cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) medium and identification was performed macroscopi...

Siddique Ahmad1*, Basit Ullah1, Sajid Ali2, Ali Zaid1, Zeeshan Ahmad3, Muhammad Usaid1, Muhammad Zeeshan1 and Saif Ullah3

...b contain photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast. These BM produced useful substances such as amino acids, nucleic acids, lactic acid, bioactive substances, hormones, enzymes and sugars. All these substances promote active cell and root division, plant growth, productivity, suppress harmful microorganisms, and enhance the decomposition of organic matter. Results showed that integrated use of PM and N (120 or...

Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1, Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi1*, Hassan Abd- El-Khair2, Usama S. Elkelany1, Mahfouz M.M. Abd-Elgawad1 and Mona G. Dawood3

...and community of aerobic bacteria, spore-forming bacteria and fungi and frequency% of fungi in potato rhizosphere varied among different treatments.

...

Hayder M. Watban1,2, Nabeel M.H. Al-Maaly2

...to many diseases such as bacterial infections. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the bacterial diseases that infect camels and induce pneumonia. In this study, one hundred camels were examined and samples were collected from lungs of pneumonic camels slaughtered in Al-Muthanna abattoir. Swabs were taken from lungs of slaughter camels, and cultured on blood and MacConkey agars. The bacterial ...

Nurul Fajrih1,2, Komang Gede Wiryawan1*, Sumiati1 and Suraya Kaffi Syahpura3

...n source for lactic acid bacteria (L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus) and pathogenic bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella). Bacterial growth Media using control media without sugar sources, MRS + glucose media, and MRS + banana corm extract (BCE) media. Based on the results of the study, BCE contains glucomannan by 33.59% with a yield of 14.15%, and in vitro test results show that BCE is only able...

Raed Hussein Salih Rabee1, Yahya Sabah Abdulameer1, Walla Farhan Obed1, Noor R Abady1, Adnan Mansour Jasim1*, Firas Hussein Albawi1, Mohammed Jasim Jawad2, Ahmed Samir Abukhomra3

...rberine demonstrated antibacterial effects against E. coli, as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, histopathological examination of the intestinal broiler received BBR showed improvements and restore tissue near to normal.
 
Keywords | Enerofloxacin, Berberine, E. coli, Antibiotic residues, CYP450, Antioxidant, Drug docking
...
Zahir Muhammad1, Muhammad Zubair Anjum1*, Shamim Akhter1, Muhammad Irfan1, Saira Amin1, Yousaf Jamal1, Sharjeel khalid2 and Shakira Ghazanfar2
... the effect of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus on the growth performance of the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 120 fingerlings were acquired, assigned randomly into 4 groups (n=30/group) received one of four experimental diets each (30% crude protein supplemented with either T1-L. plantarum1×108 cfu), T2-(P. pentosaceus 1×108 cfu), T3-(L. plantarum and P. pentosa...

Yunxia Guo1, Xia Zhou1*, Xin Huang2 and Fagang Zhong2

...tudy aimed to report the bacterial pathogens and their antibacterial resistance spectrum causing bovine respiratory tract infections in a large-scale cattle farm. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from animals (n=122) having clinical manifestations of respiratory tract diseases. Standard culture procedure followed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay was applied to calculate the antimicrobial resistance profile of

Frah R Kbyeh1*, Ahmed N. Abedsalih2 

...ghlight some of the anti-bacterial effect for diclofenac aganist resist. E .coli 0157: H7, as well as the ability of the diclofenac represented by anti-inflammatory and ciprofloxacin combat the exposure of urinary tract infection. The virulence components responsible for colonization and penetration also have a role in the pathogenicity of the resistant Escherichia coli 0157: H7 strain. Resistance Escherichia coli 0157 H7 for antibiotics decreases the cure...

Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Salman Khurshid1*, Saqib Arif1, Qurrat-ul-Ain Akbar1, Saba Iqbal2, Shahid Yousaf3, Kainat Qureshi1, Abdul Karim Khan5, Abdul Ahad6, Aqeel Ahmed Siddique4 and Neelofar Hamid7

...geting two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) as well as two Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli) and fungi viz., Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternate, Fusarium solani and Aspergillus flavus were studied by Well diffusion method. Three solvent extracts Aqueous, Acetone and Methanol with concentrations (5,10,15 and 20%) was prepared. Our study showed that m...

Sabi Ur Rehman1*, Laiba Arshad1, Saman Ali1, Shazma Massey2, Safeer Khan3, Abdul Samad4 and Fazal-Ur-Rehman5

... due to their potent antibacterial properties and relevance in nanomedicine. This study presents a green synthesis method using Sarcococca saligna leaf extracts to successfully produce both silver and gold nanoparticles. The formation and stability of the nanoparticles were verified through a change in physical colour and characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Antibacterial and...

Sidra Hafeez1, Tayyaba Sanaullah2, Hafsa Naeem3, Mah Noor Hassan4, Muttalib5, Farhana Kausar6, Muhammad Salman Hameed7*, Muhammad Anayat Ullah8, Abdul Samad9, Memoona Bashir10 and Sadaf Shabbir11

...ease causing agents like bacteria, fungi etc. Black rot is a serious disease in pumpkin caused by fungus (Didymella bryoniae) and damaged fruit with the symptoms of dark brown lesions but causal organism identification through DNA is still unknown. We collected infected leaf from C. pepp from the vicinity of The University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and isolated D. bryoniae on the respective media. Then morphologically identification was observed through funga...

Hafsa Saeed, Soumble Zulfiqar, Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan and Abdul Rauf Shakoori*

...in some members of Enterobacteriaceae. However, its role has not yet been explored in K. pneumoniae. This study focused on molecular characterization of ZntR, a transcriptional regulator of znt operon. The minimum inhibitory concentration of zinc, lead and cadmium were 10, 10 and 4 mM, respectively against K. pneumoniae KW. The strain also exhibited metal uptake and storage ability. Having amplified and cloned zntR gene, expressed and purified ZntR protein sho...

Khansa Jamil1, Muhammad Ramzan Khan1, Asad Jan2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali1

... used to examine its antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening. Antibacterial assay was carried out by well diffusion method. A maximum number of compounds were eluted by methanolic extract by thin-layer chromatography and a total of 70 compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. The phytochemical screening showed that the methanolic extract of the whole plant was rich in alkaloids and tannins. Zones of inhibition ...

Yu Song1*, Yueping Wei2 and Peng Wang3

...ities of the rhizosphere bacterial in the coupled rice-crab system were investigated through 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that, a total of 444,882 sequences from 12 samples were obtained, and 6637 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with 97% sequence similarity were identified. The rhizosphere bacterial communities were more influenced by growth sta...
Iko-Ojo Charity Ikwe Agada, James Agbo Ameh, Olatunde H. Olabode and Martha Echioda-Ogbole*
...nine distemper and other bacterial enteric diseases. Monthly distribution of CPE cases in this study showed significant difference (p<0.05) characterized by high prevalence in the dry season with peak of infections in the month of January. Breed disposition to CPE showed highest occurrence in Rottweiler, Alsatian and Boerboel dogs with susceptibility in male dogs (54%) than female dogs (33%) while age distribution showed high CPE affinity for younger dogs l...
Amany M. Reyad1*, Aya Maher Rabie1, Reda Mohamed Taha1 and Khalid El-Dougdoug2
...f controlling pathogenic bacteria in which they have a high ability to self-reproduce, host specificity, and develop with their bacterial hosts. The most common pathogenic bacteria were isolated from fresh meat and identified using the VITEK II automated system. Phages specific to Escherichia coli,

Aleena Kokab1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Wasim Shehzad2, Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Sohail Raza1 and Rida Haroon Durrani1

...r efficacy in modulating bacterial population on chicken breast cuts in the form of a phage cocktail. Out of 17 isolated bacteriophages, three bacteriophages (SEPL01, SEPL13, SEPL20) exhibited maximum lytic potential and broad lytic spectrum. Transmission electron microscopy analysis classified SEPL01 as a Siphovirus and SEPL13 and SEPL20 as Myoviruses. In liquid culture, phage virulence activity was rapid and high at a high (100) multiplicity of infection wit...

Franciscus Rudi Prasetyo Hantoro1,2,*, Dwi Sunarti1, Turrini Yudiarti1, Sri Sumarsih1, Rini Nurhayati2 

...els on blood parameters, bacterial populations, immune organs, antioxidant status, and growth performance in Sentul Selection (SenSi) 1 Agrinak chickens. Treatments consisted of three stocking densities (10, 14, and 18 birds/m2) and three levels of crude protein (14, 16, and 18%) factorially (3×3) which were arranged in nine treatments and four replications. Treatment and data collection were carried out at the age of 29-70 days. Data were analyzed using...
Rabiea Pervaiz, Shaista Bano*, Sarfraz Ali Tunio, Abdul Nabi Jatt and Aisha Amber Soomro
...e discovery of novel antibacterial substances. However, some of the Bacillus species still remained to be explored widely for their antagonism against harmful bacteria. One of them is Bacillus pseudomycoides which produces rhizoidal colonies on solid medium. The present study was aimed to explore antibacterial properties of B. pseudomycoides isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the indige...

Turrini Yudiarti*, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Endang Widiastuti, Hanny Indrat Wahyuni, Tri Agus Sartono, Maulana Hamonangan Nasution

...nutritional quality, antibacterial properties and antioxidant activity.The obyective of this study was to see how adding the fermented product of the fungus Monascus purpureus as a feed additive affected to physiological parameters, intestine microbial population, and broiler internal organ weight. The method was one hundred and fifty un-sexed one-day-old chicks (DOC) were reared in an open cage. With three treatments, the study used a completely randomized de...
El-Dougdoug. K.A.1, Mervat, M. Fath Alah2, Reham A. Hassen3,Rehab A . Dawoud2
...R in potato plants using bacterial and fungal contaminants in tissue culture against Potato virus Y. These biotic inducers were Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Xanthomonas sp. as well as Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Fusarium as contaminants microbial of potato micropropagative in vitro. The occurrence of induced resistance and increased potato plantlets were found by MS medium treated with culture filtrates based on reduction of PVY infection, disease severity,...

Eisa*, Nawal A.; Abd El-Ghafar **, N. Y. Abd EL-Mageed*, M.H.; Mohamed* , F.G. and Hasan*, Eman O.

...(the causal agent of the bacterial spot disease of tomato) were isolated from infected leaves of tomato and from tomato rhizosphere soil, using enrichment technique. The phages produced plaques (4-5mm, diameter) with a distinct translucent spreading halo. Presumptive phage particles associated with X vesicatoria were observed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Particle size and morphology of each phage isolate were examined by electron microscopy. The ...

Karl Maramorosch

...uses because no fungi or bacteria could be detected in diseased plants. The inadequate characterization of viruses delayed the discovery of the pathogens of yellows-type diseases by forty years. In 1967 Japanese plant pathologists and entomologists announced the discovery of mycoplasma-resembling pathogens in diseased plants and insect vectors and the temporary recovery of diseased plants treated with tetracycline antibiotics. The recognition of mycoplasma-lik...

Amer, H.M.; Hussein, H. A.; El-Sabagh, I. M.; El-Sanousi, A. A. Saber,M.S. and Shalaby, M. A.

...to identify the positive bacterial colonies that harbor the recombinant plasmids carrying N gene in correct orientation. Generation of recombinant baculoviruses was achieved by co-transfection of Spodopetra frugiperda (Sf-9) insect cells with a linearized replication-defective baculovirus DNA (Bac-N-BlueTM) and the transfer vector. The recombinant baculoviruses were plaque purified; verified for the presence of target sequences using PCR and propagated for gen...

Sulake Fadhil Al-Zubaidi1*, Ghusoon A.A. Alneamah2, Ali Saleh Mahdi1, Abdulraheem Abduljalil Wali3

...gar to identification of bacteria associated with pyometra. In group I after 24 hr. from giving Aglepristone there was vaginal discharge, in some cases, we need to give a second dose of Aglepristone to bitch. In group II, PGF2α was injected after pus came out from the vulva, there was a rapid evacuation of pus from the uterus in comparison with group I with many side effects such as tachycardia, panting, and hypersalivation. In group III Misoprostol was ...

Rizqan*, Hilda Susanty, Linda Suhartati, Azhar, Arief, Elly Roza 

...dings underscore the antibacterial potential of the citrus fruit peel eco-enzyme solution and suggest its viability as a natural and environmentally friendly teat dipping solution for dairy cattle.
 

...

Firda Dimawarnita1*, Edwina Gabriela Tesalonika Mustamu2, Yora Faramitha1, Haryo Tejo Prakoso1, Wildan Aulia Noorsy1, Komang Gede Wiryawan2

...fulvic acid content, and bacterial population. The results indicated that the treatment did not have a significant effect on DMD, OMD, pH, NH3 concentration, methane gas, and bacterial populations. Treatment showed a significant result (P<0.05) on total VFA. The contents of fulvic acid in raw and delignified EFB, both unfermented and fermented using rumen fluid in-vitro, were around 6.12-6.46%. The use of delignified EFB ...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar* and Jawad Hussain

...ectious diseases (viral, bacterial, and parasitic), in contrast to the heavily regulated field of the development of medical devices (which include AI) in human medicine. When introducing such potent technology that might affect the welfare of both humans and animals, we must acknowledge the significance of exercising prudence and accountability. As veterinary experts, it is therefore our responsibility to hold ourselves responsible for guaranteeing the securi...

Sajjad Khan*, Naila Chand, Abdul Hafeez and Nazir Ahmad

... and selected pathogenic bacteria in broiler chickens. Day-old 200 Ross male chicks were allotted to five groups each subdivided in four replicates with ten birds per replicate. Similarly, five different types of feed i.e., diet A as control while B, C, D and E having 1.5% GA, 30mg/kg BS, 1.5% GA+30mg BS and 0.75% GA+15mg/Kg BS respectively, were offered during 42 days of experimental trial. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS following CRD design and d...
Asad Ullah1, Hayat Ullah2, Muhammad Lateef3, Imrana Niaz Sultan4, Afrasiab Khan Tareen4 and Muhammad Waseem Khan4,5*
...t were compared with Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining. In comparison to MGIT and ZN staining the sensitivity of GeneXpert with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was (99.7 %, CI 0.98-0.99) and (95.1 %, CI 0.92-0.97) respectively. The positive and negative predictive values with 95 % CI were (97.1 %, CI 0.94-0.98) and (99.7 %, CI 0.98-0.99) when results of GeneXpert were compare with MGIT results. The results of this study co...

Ahmed M. Manthoor, Ali H. Saliem* 

...the second step, the antibacterial effects of the extract as compared with ciprofloxacin, as well as zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), by using 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 mg/ml concentration of the extract, while 1.562, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 µg/ml concentration of Ciprofloxacin, on the other hand study mechanism of action of the extract against the same

Tabinda Nowsheen1, Sayed Wadood Ali Shah2, Ali Hazrat1*, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar4 and Muhammad Ajmal Khan3

... the phytochemicals, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of the methanolic crude extract of leaves, stem, and roots of Artemisia maritime. The phytochemical screening of A. maritime leaves, stem and roots extract indicates the existence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics steroids and carbohydrates but deficient of proteins. In minimum inhibitory concentration assay, the crude methanolic extracts showed significant inhibition against al...

Taleeha Roheen1, Shagufta Kamal1*, Shazia Anwer Bukhari1, Ghulam Mustafa1 and Saima Rehman2

...producing methanotrophic bacteria from rice paddy soil of different regions of Punjab, Pakistan were studied using phylogenetic analysis. Morphological and biochemical analysis showing the presence of different species of novel methanogenic archaea and sMMO-producing methanotrophic bacteria in rice paddy soil samples. The evolutionary analysis indicated a phylogram with five monophyletic groups (MPG-I to MPG-V). Results reve...

Aalaa S. Saad1*, Taghreed H. A. Ali2, Nayerah Alatfeehy3, Dalia Elmasry4 

... option owing to its antibacterial action against many pathogens in food. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of propolis extract (PE) and propolis nanoemulsion (PN) on L. monocytogenes, its toxins’ expression, and the sensory qualities of breaded chicken panne during chilled storage. The 30% PN concentration had a size of 19.783 nm and a narrow size distribution (polydispersity index: 0.253) with a distinct chemical composition. PE’...

Sudeb Saha1,2*, Jay Prakash Ray3, Apurbo Kumar Mondal4, Md. Irtija Ahsan5, Marina Debnath6, Dilruba Afrin7, Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed5, Jayanta Datta Gupta3, Nivedita Datta8, Hugo O. Toledo-Alvarado9, Haruki Kitazawa1

...r somatic cell and total bacterial counts in milk. The blood analyses showed that red blood cell, hemoglobin, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts were significantly higher for T1, T2 and T3 groups, however, white blood cell and neutrophil counts were decreased. The data suggest that application of a probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC 25250 as a feed supplement might be beneficial in milk yields and composition in subclinical mastitis cows. This potential probiotic ...

Afrasyab Khan1,3, Ali Raza Jahejo1,3, Meng-li Qiao1,3, Xin-yu Han1,3, Raza Ali Mangi1,3, Ding Zhang1,3, Yu-hai Bi2, George F Gao1,3* and Wen-xia Tian1,3*

...nes in response to early bacterial infection such as NFKBIA, NFKBIE, IKBKE, CCL5, MDA5, MyD88, and TRAF6 at different h’s interval. Whereas cMGF and IFN-α expression were significantly downregulated during early time intervals such as 0 h, 2 h and 6 h while later on the expression level significantly increased. These results will lead to increased insights on M. synoviae infection resistance mechanisms and the role of NF-κB signaling pathway ...

Mahmoud Hamouda1*, Ahmed Al-Jazzar1, Fahad Al-Hizab1, Ahmed Azab2, Mohamed Al-Hammadi3

....65%). Furthermore, many bacteria were isolated and the most common was Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus vulgaris and Enterobacter aerogenes. The conclusion is that uterine disorders play a crucial role in female buffaloes’ infertility. It is highly recommended to use specific clinical parameters and biopsy techniques for early diagnosis in order to proceed with the appropriate treatment.
 
Keywords | Buffaloes, ...

Phoebe Lyndia Tolentino Llantada1,2*, Midori Umekawa2, Shuichi Karita2

...knowledge and studies on bacterial communities across the GIT are very limited. Most researches only focus on the rumen or the hindgut. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the bacterial microbiota in three gut regions (foregut: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum; midgut: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and hindgut: cecum, colon, rectum) of two riverine type buffaloes using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresi...

Alif Rahman Rohim Puarada*, Safika, Agustin Indrawati

... of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among wild bird species in remote habitats, suggesting the potential for these avian populations to serve as reservoirs and sources for emergent AMR profiles. Recognizing the critical role of wildlife in AMR dynamics this study focuses on birds of paradise, indigenous to Indonesia. Their gastrointestinal microbiome, intricately shaped by a unique ecological milieu, presents a compelling avenue for exploring AMR genes’ re...

Junita Mayasari, Vira Oktavia, Indri Juliyarsi, Ade Sukma, Sri Melia*

 

...s with total lactic acid bacteria and sensory of Levilactobacillus brevis of fermented goat milk DSM02. The addition of porang flour is A (0%), B (0.25%), C (0.50%), D (0.75%), and E (1%). The parameters observed in this study were total titrated acid, pH, dietary fiber content, water content, protein content, viscosity, total lactic acid bacteria, and organoleptic tests. The results showed that adding porang flour to fermen...

Aalaa S. Saad1*, Amira A. Elokle2, Dalia Y. Youssef2, Neven M. Omara2, Samr Kassem3

...imed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of synthesized Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) and CS-LZ-NPs against E. coli O157 in chilled chicken fillets and relative eaeA (Intimin), stx2 (Shiga toxin) expression. The average particle size was 250 nm and 281.4 nm for CS-NPs and CS-LZ- NPs and the PDI (polydispersity index) was 0.09 and 0.58, respectively. TEM imaging showed uniformity and ranging in size from 13.1 to 17.6 nm and 15.6 to 19.5 nm for CS-NPs and C...
Sijie Jian1,2,3,4, Wei Sun1,3, Jia Chao1,2, Na Rong1,4, Xiang Liu1,2,3,4* and Chen Chen1,2,3,4*
...ens are major pathogenic bacteria in freshwater aquaculture and cause huge economic losses. The outer membrane lipoprotein Slp of A. hydrophila has potential applications in fish vaccines. Slp bioinformatics analysis showed that anti-Slp serum might provide cross-protection to resist bacterial infection in fish. Slp was obtained by molecular cloning, expression and purification, and the expression conditions were optimized. ...

Sudip Kumar Sharma1, Al-Nur Md. Iftekhar Rahman1,2, Mahfuzul Islam1,3*  

...ns (55.56%), followed by bacterial infections (17.78%), other diseases (10%), fungal infections (8.89%), and parasitic infestations (7.78%) (p<0.001). Among them, canine parvovirus (28.89%) and viral fever (18.89%) were more common than other illnesses (p<0.001). Crossbreeds had the highest occurrence of clinical diseases (about 29%), followed by German shepherd breeds (24%), local breeds (20%), Labrador breeds (13%), Pug breeds (9%), and Doberman breeds...

Hongsen Xu*, Xiaoni Wang, Tie Tian, Changyu Zhao, Denghang Yu and Jun Liu

...vince, China. A dominant bacterial colony, named FSN1, was isolated by incubating on Luria-Bertani agar. Morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization as well as 16S rRNA sequencing identified FSN1 isolate as Citrobacter freundii. Drug sensitivity test showed the strain has multiple drug resistance and was only sensitive to a few antibiotics (doxycycline, tetracycline, minocycline and ciprofloxacin). PCR amplification of specific genes responsi...
Aatif Masood Ahmad Khan1, Masood Rabbani1*, Arfan Ahmad1, Muhammad Wasim2 and Sohail Raza1
...ater providing more live bacterial isolates. Isolation, biochemical identification, species-specific PCR tests and classical serotyping were performed. Two types of swab samples were used, one for direct PCR detection and other for the conventional diagnosis procedure. All isolates were identified as Avibacterium paragallinarum and required nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD) for their growth. The isolates were typical for Av. paragallinarum as t...

Rahib Ali Chachar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* and Manatbai Bakhetgul2

...high (p < 0.01) total bacterial count, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium count as compared to the control group (T0). Whereas, E. coli and Salmonella count was found significantly lower (p < 0.01) in treated groups as compared to the control group. Hemoglobin and erythrocyte count was higher (p < 0.05) in T1 and T3 groups as compared to T2 and T0. MCHC (mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) was found higher (p < 0.05) in T3 as compared to T0 ...

Kalsoom Abdulrazaq1*, Bisma Arif1, Rimsha Mehboob2, Asma Mehboob3 

...y of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and other parasites. These pathogens have the ability to infect both domesticated and wild animals. Zoonoses involve interactions among a minimum of three species: an infectious agent and two host organisms, which can either be humans or animals. They can spread directly through contact with diseased animals, such as rabies, and through bites, or indirectly through exposure to contaminated surroundin...

Sandriana J Nendissa1,2, Meta Mahendradatta3, Zainal3, Februadi Bastian3

...on the sensory and total bacteria (p > 0.05) of tuna fish meat balls.  The best treatment, determined to be the addition of 2% Tomi-tomi fruit tannin extract concentration (C3), resulted in round and well-formed meatballs with a resilient texture and a distinct taste favored by the panelists. The water content measured at 52.63%, protein content at 15.37%, and total bacteria at 2.68 x 102 CFU/g. In conclusion, the ap...

Shanti Fitriani*, Usman Pato, Yusmarini Yusuf, Emma Riftyan, Evy Rossi

...rvative from lactic acid bacteria. This study is conducted to obtain a proper concentration of bacteriocin to preserve the fishballs and extend their shelf-life without compromising on quality. In a randomized design, five different concentrations of bacteriocins were used. The treatments in this study were the addition of the bacteriocin concentration, namely B1 (0%), B2 (0.15%), B3 (0.3%), B4 (0.45%), and B5 (0.6%). Samples were stored in a cold environment ...

ISHRAT FATIMA1, MOAZZAM JAMIL1, AZHAR HUSSAIN1*, MUHAMMAD ZAHID MUMTAZ2, MUHAMMAD LUQMAN1, SAJID HUSSAIN3, SAIF UR REHMAN KASHIF4 & MAQSHOOF AHMAD1

...tify;">Zinc solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) improve crop productivity by increasing bioavailability of zinc (Zn). A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of five promising ZSB strains on the productivity of okra. The experiment was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. Data regarding physiological, growth, and yield parameters were collected and statistically analyzed. Results showed that inoculation of ZSB...

TAHIR IQBAL1, 2, UMER RASHID1* & MUHAMMAD IDREES3, 4

...n folate biosynthesis in bacteria. This finding is in agreement with the role of ORF3P as multifunctional protein modulating host cell signaling and gene expression to promote viral replication during infection.

...

SYED MUJTABA HAIDER1, KHIZAR HAYAT BHATTI1*, EJAZ HUSSAIN SIDDIQI1, SYED MAZHAR IRFAN1,`2, & ALLAH BAKHSH GULSHAN2

...s aimed to assess of antibacterial activity of ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts of Aloe vera L. against six bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pyogenes; Shigella sonnei; Escherichia coli (1) (4C11); Escherichia coli (2) (ATCC 13048) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae). Agar well diffusion method was applied to assess the antibacterial activity of these extracts. Their...

IRFANA IQBAL1*, PAKEEZA TANWEER1, FARKHANDA MANZOOR1, MUHAMMAD NAUMAN AFTAB2, AFSHAN KALEEM3, ROHEENA ABDULLAH3, ASMA ZAFAR4 & MEHWISH IQTEDAR3

... S. aureus. The original bacterial inoculum was serially diluted (adjusted to 1.5 X 106 CFU) and spread on the nutrient agar plates. Whattmann filter paper discs were soaked in three different concentrations (50%, 70% & 90%) of each of the three unifloral honey samples for 48 hrs. The filter discs were placed on the agar plates seeded with the individual bacteria. Solitary effect of antibiotic discs (Ciprofloxacin, Imipe...

SEHRISH MUSHTAQ1, MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ1, MUHAMMAD ASHFAQ*1 FAIZA KHAN1, SOHAIB AFZAAL1, UMMAD HUSSAIN1, MUBASSHIR HUSSAIN1, RASHID MUKHTAR BALAL2 & MUHAMMAD SALEEM HAIDER1

...ribution. In this study, bacterial endophytes were isolated from the leaf midrib of different varieties of citrus cultivated in the Sargodha region of Punjab Pakistan. The endophytic bacterial community associated with citrus was characterized and screened for antifungal activity against Alternaria solani which causes losses to crops. A total of twelve strains were identified based on morphological and biochemical tests foll...

SIDRA MOQADDES*¹, RABIA ZULFIQAR1, MAWRA GOHAR1 & HINA QAISER1

... designed to investigate bacterial associated UTI and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Samples (n=85) were analyzed to determine the bacterial strains involved in infectious cases and relationship with age, gender and social status of patients was determined. Results of the study revealed that 61% of samples were positive for Escherichia coli, other contributin...

ASMA ZAFAR*, MONIBA KHAWAR, MAHNOOR CHAUDHRY, SAYYEDA SANA BATOOL, AMJAD HUSSAIN** & MUSHTAQ AHMAD SALEEM

...ls. At present some live bacteria, bacterial products, and bacterial proteins are used to treat cancer. One of the amazing bacterial protein azurin can work as an anti-cancerous agent which only target cancerous cells and do not cause any harm to healthy cells and thus minimize the risk of adverse side effects. The interaction of azurin with P53 (tumor s...

HANNANA MARYAM, SANA MAQSOOD & SIKANDER ALI*

...an) for the isolation of bacterial cultures. After primary and secondary screening, ISL-4 (0.53 IBU/ml) and ISL-7 (0.6 IBU/ml) were selected having better potential for bacteriocin. A significant (p≤0.05) increase in laterosporulin biosynthesis was observed when the parameters like medium volume, buffer pH (7.0) and incubation temperature (37°C) were optimized. Antimicrobial potential of laterosporulin was also exploited using various techniques. Minimu...
SHAHZADA NADEEM ABBAS1, KIRAN JAMSHED1, SARAH BUSHRA NASIR2,
SAMAN SHAHID3 & NASIR MAHMOOD4
... seeds were used against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and Fungi (Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporium and Microsporum canis) to check their antimicrobial activities. For antibacterial assays, the volume and concentrations of extracts used were 0.5 μl (62.5 μg), 1 μl (125 μg), 5 μl (625 μg) and 10 μl (1250 μg). Specific laboratory protocols of antibact...

ZUBIA RASHID1, ZULFIQAR ALI MIRANI2, SITWAT ZEHRA1, SYED MUDDASSAR HUSSAIN GILANI3, ARIF ALI CHISHTI1, ABID AZHAR1 & SADDIA GALANI1*

...PFA groups. Quantitative bacterial analysis of chicken gut revealed supplementation of PFA significantly increased (p<0.05) beneficial bacterial (Lactobacillus spp. and Enterococcus spp.) and reduced (p<0.05) pathogenic bacterial (E. coli and Campylobacter spp.) population versus AB and CON group. Overall, statistical profiling of gut bacteria depi...

Uqba Mehmood

...in germination defective bacterial spores as do asparagines. In present studies all the germination defective spores showed very low proteolytic activity in comparison with proteolytic activity of normal spores of wild type Bacillus subtilis PY79. It appears that defective spores lack enzymes with proteolytic activity which is necessary for germination. Since all protease deficient mutants are asporogenous. Although some mutants, producing very low levels of p...

MARIAM AHMED, YESRA ARSHAD & HAMID MUKHTAR*

...ent study, keratinolytic bacteria were isolated from the soil of poultry farm and different cultural conditions were optimized to obtain maximum enzyme yield. The isolates were initially screened by formation of zone of clearance on the skimmed milk agar and then evaluated for keratinase production by using raw feathers as substrate in submerged fermentation. Two isolates, showing maximum enzyme production, were identified as Bacillus species on their morpholo...

MARIAM ZAHEER*1, SYED SHAHID IMRAN BUKHARI2, MUDDA

... and prokaryotes (archaeobacteria and eubacteria). EPSs produced by bacteria include a broad range of chemical structures and may either be heteropolymeric or homopolymeric. Their molecular weights vary from 10 to 1000 kDa. Exopolysaccharides have multifarious applications in different fields of life. These EPSs are used as anticoagulant, immunomodulator, emulsifiers, anticancer and bioflo...

SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL2 & MUNAZZA AJAZ3

... the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae member strains has been witnessed producing Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) and Carbapenemases. Drug resistance in viral entities has also posed challenge for public health programs. About 20% people die of viral hepatitis in one of Pakistan provinces. A counter malarial acrine drug is being tried against proteinaceous infectious particles (causing many transmissible neuro-diseases). These epigenetical agents h...

MUHAMMAD SHRAFAT ALI1, UZMA HAMEED2* & IKRAM-UL-HAQ3

...t depicts the ability of bacteria to withstand the acidic conditions.

...

MUHAMMAD MANSHA*1, QAMAR ALI1, UROOJ FATIMA DILAWARI1, ABRAR HUSSAIN1 & MUHAMMAD TARIQ1

...fective against selected bacteria and fungi strains and are expected to be effective in other bioscreening studies.

...

Anisa Mushtaq1, Murtaz ul Hasan1*, Asim Shamim2, Muhammad Ali Abdullah Shah1, Muhmamad Arif Zafar3, Abdul Asim Farooq4, Aayesha Riaz1, Muhammad Kamran1 and Saif ur Rehman

... pathogens like viruses, bacteria, rickettsia and protozoa and cause mortality in humans and animals. This study was focused on morphological and molecular identification of ixodid ticks, using morphological keys and an internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Moreover, the presence of Babesia and Theileria species was also investigated in ticks using 18S rRNA gene. Identification of ticks collected from 384 cattle and 384 buffaloes scr...

Erika P. Grijalba-Bernal*, Fernando Rodríguez-Villamizar, Martha L. Chaparro-Rodríguez, Juan C. Ovalle, Martha I. Gómez 

...uent anaerobic probiotic bacteria (Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens B9, Streptococcus bovis C2, Fibrobacter succinogenes Fs, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens Rf). When it was stored over 6 months at 4ºC, a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) of viable cell counts, from 1.95 x 109 CFU/mL at time zero to 3.02 × 108 CFU/mL at 6 months, was noted; despite this, viable cell counts were never less than 1 × 108 CFU/mL; the minimum suggested for probiotic effec...
Muhammad Atif Raza1, Muhammad Tariq Javed2, Muhammad Fiaz1*, Muhammad Shakeel3, Muhammad Shahbaz Ul Haq2, Amna Kanwal2, Syeda Maryam Hussain1 and Muhammad Zubair Siddiqi4

Mercy Cuenca-Condoy1*, Lourdes Reinoso-García2, Juan González-Rojas2, Dionel García-Bracho3  

...s were the most frequent bacteria in cases of subclinical bovine mastitis, reaching 23.4, 10.9 and 9.5% presence, respectively; Likewise, it was found that S. chromogenes and L. mali are more frequent in mechanical milking systems; S. aureus and S. uberis are present in equal frequency in mechanical and manual milking; Acinetobacter iwoffi and Kocuria salsiccia were only recorded in mechanical milking of dairy herds in Biblián -Ecuador. The study result...
Abdel Satar Arafa
...en comes associated with bacterial or viral infections or with many other factors such as poor biosecurity, mal-nutrition and managemental problems. LPAIVs H9N2 in chickens tend to show more respiratory tropism with some strains also show gastrointestinal tropism. The ideal mechanism of transmission among birds varies by host species and virus strain. The respiratory and contact transmission are likely the primary routes of transmission and may partly arise in...

Shah Zeb Khan1, Ali Hazrat1*, Farman Ali Khan2, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar3, Muhammad Ajmal Khan4 and Hayat Ullah1

...tial antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The crude was obtained in 95 % methanolic which was further fractionated into n-hexane (HR, HS), Chloroform (CR, CS), ethyl acetate (EtR, EtS) and butanol (BR, BS) soluble fractions by solvent-solvent extraction. In phytochemical tests of roots fractions; HR showed the presence of terpenoids, while saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids were detected in CR. EtR was enriched in terpenoids and phenols and the butanol fr...

Evy Rossi1*, Fajar Restuhadi1, Raswen Efendi1, Yusmarini1, Rahmayuni1, Emma Riftyan1, Bisma Panca Winata2, Yolanda Ashara2, Usman Pato1

...n cycle. The lactic acid bacteria contained in MY starter were Lactobacillus plantarum TMW 1.1623 and Streptococcus thermophilus in a 1:1 ratio. The research results showed that yogurt made from ultra-high temperature milk UHTM had a water content of 84.18–86.12%, protein content of 3.52–3.78%, a fat content of 3.34–3.38%, pH 4.72–5.05, titratable acid (TTA) 0.74-1.24%, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB...
Sanaullah Sattar1, Ali Hussain1,2*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Arshad Javid1 and Shahid Mehmood1
...pact of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on mild steel coupons in solid and liquid media under two variable nutritional conditions. The bacterial species for the experimental trials was isolated from buried corroded metallic installment and found motile, Gram-negative, non-spore former and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. The corrosive impact of SRB on steel coupons was performed in water...

Kiran Rani1*, R. Aliya1, Barkat Ali Solangi2, M. Kashif Pervez2, Nasrullah Akhtar3 and Farman Ahmed4*

...ared with commercial antibacterial and antifungal drugs. It was found at the optimized dyeing condition has 1 percent formic acid as fixing agent with 120 min dyeing period. At this condition, the dye molecule shows 70 percent exhaustion and 59 percent fixation along with acceptable fastness and antimicrobial activities Furthermore, the dyed fabric shows effective inhibition against all tested organisms. Fabric samples showed greater antimicrobial efficiency f...

Syeda Fakehha Naqvi1, Iqra Haider Khan1 and Arshad Javaid1

...ed antifungal and/or antibacterial properties while very few of them also possessed antioxidant potential. This study concludes that n-hexane soluble fraction of methanolic stem extract of C. murale is a big storehouse of antimicrobial compounds.

...

*Arshad Javaid1, Syeda Fakehha Naqvi1 and Iqra Haider Khan1

...ifungal,
antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer and antipsoriatic. However, this study concludes that
most of the compounds were antimicrobial in nature.
...
Hasina Baloch1, Rahmatullah Rind2, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1*, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Hubdar Ali Kolachi3, Saqib Kakar1, Muhammad Ibrahim3, Fayaz Ahned1, Hasnain Ali1 and Muhammad Mahesar1
...rming unit (CFU) ml-1 of bacterial population was analysed. The mean SCC was counted as 82x105 cells ml-1in clinical and 50x105 cells ml-1 in subclinical mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus was recorded as the most dominant species. The mean values of 93x105 CFU ml-1 were counted for clinical mastitis while 51x105 CFU ml-1 was measured for subclinical mastitis. A clear difference between Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and Total Bacteria

Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi1*, Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1, Mona M.S. Zayed3, Entesar H. Taha2 and Nora R.A. Saleh1

...bined treatments of each bacterial isolate+ AMF, added at the same time with nematode (Ne) or added at 7 days before Ne inoculation, showed additive or synergistic interaction effects. The tested isolates increased significantly (p≤0.05) plant growth criteria according to the tested materials. The same isolates +AMF with Ne at the same time recorded less colonization percentage (35%), while 40% root colonization was achieved when added at 7 days before nema...

Suparada Saphaphan, K. Teepalak Rangubhet, Phongthorn Kongmun*

...lations of total ruminal bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria did not show significant differences among treatments. In conclusion, the utilization of MSGBTRS as a roughage source in TMR can effectively replace 3.5% UTRS as well as PH, as shown by the lack of significant differences in the results of rumen fermentation, dry matter digestibility, and ruminal microbial population analysis. 
 
Ke...
Irshad Ur Rehman,SAEED ULLAH KHATTAK,Muhammad Kamran,Jamshaid Ahmad,Abid Ali Khan,Ghosia Lutfullah
Amna Ali,MUHAMMAD SALEEM HAIDER,UZMA BASHIR,NAUREEN AKHTER
Irum Mukhtar,Sobia Mushtaq,Amna Ali,Ibatsam Khokhar,MUHAMMAD SALEEM HAIDER,SHABNAM JAVED

Asad Sultan1, Ziaul Islam2*, Faiza Shahzadi3, Sarzamin Khan1, Rafiullah Khan1 and Ihsan Ali4

...digera had reduced total bacterial counts (p<0.05), Escherichia coli, and a non-significant increase in the number of lactic acid-producing bacteria. They also showed increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased levels of lipid peroxidation biomarkers, without a harmful effect on liver and kidney function. In conclusion, the use of natural additives is necessary to improve growth performance, and nutrient diges...
Sardar M. Rafique and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...ative resistance against bacterial flacherie. In addition, effect of high temperature and relative humidity (rH) on the resistance of silkworm strains was also studies. The results revealed that at 25+1oC and 72+2% rH, overall mortality was significant (P0.05). 205-MKD strain was the most resistant while C-102 the least resistant with 4.0% and 10% mortality, respectively. However, difference among 205-MKD, J-99, J-101 and 208-PO was statistically no...
G. A. Bajwa and M. N. Ashiq
...he results revealed that bacterial flacherie caused overall 20.52, 18.5, 16.82 and 5.53 percent mortality in C-102, J-101, 206-MKD and 207-PO, respectively. The mortality did not differ significantly among C-102, J-101 and 206-MKD. Viral grasserie resulted overall 16.65 6.95, 5.52 and 1.87 percent mortality in J-101, C-102, 206-MKD and 207-PO, respectively. There was non-significant difference of mortality between 206-MKD and C-102. White muscardine was not fo...
Zakaullah
...prising fungi, viruses, bacteria and phanerogamic parasites. Mulberry mosaic virus was found to cause heavy reduction in leaf yield and distortion in the cocoons with inferior silk when silk worms were fed on infected leaves....
Zakaullah
...fection courts for many bacteria and decay fungi....
Zaka-Ullah
...n epiphytotic forms. No bacterial or virus disease was observed....

Sundus Oun Ali Al-Zaini1, Mohanad A. Al-Bayati3*, Khazaal Abbas Khazaal2, Salma Talib Salih1

...rsions of both virus and bacteria (mean body weight of 108.2±1.2g). Vaccines that have been prepared and loaded into Nano liposome blank that have been formulated according to the thin film method (Bangham). The experimental was designed into four fish groups for vaccinination. The Formulated vaccines (viral and bacterial) was vaccinated once daily for fish along five days, dosed: 0.63g/fish/day and 1×109cfu/fis...

Hanan Yousif Jasim1*, Rasha Munther Othman2, Wasan Moaed Shaker3

...as shown that 9 (69.24%) bacterial isolates were diagnosed as Staphylococcus aureus while the 4 (30.76%) other samples were diagnosed as Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus succinus, Staphylococcus equorum and Staphylococcus epidermidis. On the other hand, the mecA gene was examined and detected in all isolates of Staphylococcus sp. using specific primer, and the sequence analysis results of this gene revealed that 11 isolates shown 100% homology to the Stap...

Kremlin Mark B. Ampode

... of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study investigated the effectiveness of Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) leaf meal (OLM) as a potential antibiotic alternative in enhancing broiler chicken growth performance. A completely randomized design was employed with 125 Cobb broiler chickens and five treatment groups. The diets included antibiotics (0.0025%) in T1, and groups supplemented with varying OLM levels T2 (1%), T3 (3%), T4 (5%), and T5 receiving no antibi...

Budi Santoso*, Bambang Tjahyono Hariadi, Marlyn Nelce Lekitoo

...lasses (7%), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant (3%), and cellulase 0 ml/kg. Treatment B comprised silage A + 3 ml cellulase/kg, while C used silage A + 6 ml cellulase/kg. Furthermore, treatment D consisted of palm frond (50%), king grass (20%), cassava (10%), tofu waste (10%), molasses (7%), LAB inoculant (3%), and cellulase 0 ml/kg. Treatment E used silage D + 3 ml cellulase/kg, while F was composed of silage D + 6 ml cellulase/kg. LAB inoculant added to t...

Hafsa Tauqir1, Imran Ahmad2 and Muhammad Bilal Sadiq1*

...on optimization. The antibacterial activity of the pomace extract was tested against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method and the zone of inhibitions observed were 29.7±0.6 mm, 31±1 mm and 30±3 mm respectively. Yogurt samples fortified with extract (2% and 4%) were prepared and underwent sensory evaluation for characteristics such as color, odor, texture, acceptance of sourness an...

Shabana Islam1, Shahida Shujaat1*, Erum Akbar Hussain1, Mateen Abbas2

...lized to treat prevalent bacterial infections that impact the local population. Ten propolis samples from South Punjab were analyzed. Phenolic acids (Sinapic acid, Caffeic acid, and gallic acid) and flavonols (kaempeferol, Quercetin, and myricetin) were quantified by means of UV detection in reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The propolis samples exhibited substantial variation (P < 0.05) in the total flavonol and phenolic acid ...

Ahmad Shandookh Hameed1, Ali Abd Kadhum2 and Murtada Wafi Beden1

...patients is developing a bacterial secondary infection that could lead to an over whelming infections which very difficult to counteract during the course of the infection. The primary aim of the study at evaluating the most common secondary pathogens ,their antibiotic resistant profile and mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 patients. A total of 41 patients with ventilator associated pneumonia of whom 23 were confirmed positive. for SARS-CoV-2 (infectious group) and...
Javairia Mehboob1, Syeda Hafsa Ali1*, Fahima Ashraf Kasi1, Syeda Ayesha Ali2, Safa
Farooqi3, Muneeza Arbab4,
...t pathogenic
bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli) and Plant pathogenic fungal
strains (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger). Our results confirmed the formation of
AgNPs with size <100 nm. Antibacterial activity of lavender mediated AgNP was highly
significant, followed by artichoke mediated AgNP and Alkanet AgNP. However, in contrast,
...

*Arshad Javaid1, Iqra Haider Khan1 and Malik F. H. Ferdosi2

...titumor, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant,
anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and analgesic.
...

Zhenyu Chang1,3, Qingqing Xiao1,2, Yourong Ye1,2, Mujahid Iqbal4, Mengqi Duan1,2, Yangzom Chamba1,2* and Peng Shang1,2*

...n: justify;">Lactic acid bacteria is an important dominant bacterial community in the intestinal tract, which can regulate the intestinal environment and maintain the balance of intestinal flora. However, there are few studies on Tibetan pig lactic acid bacteria. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria from Tibetan pig ...

Ayoola Mathew Oluwaseyi1*, Aderemi Foluke Abimbola1, Alikwe Philip2 , Tumgbulu Samuel2, Eniufuoma Augustina2 

...opulations of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus spp. and decreased populations of potentially harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli in the gut. No mortality was recorded during the experiment. In the main, ECLM can be a potential feed additive with 1-2% inclusion preferred in broiler production without any negative impact on performance, serum blood parameters, and carcass quality. 

...

Rawa Abdulkareem Abd

...e various types of novel bacteria being subdivided and their phylogenetic diversity, metabolic functionality and ecological features are discussed in details. Techniques of isolating microbes that are not cultivable is discussed especially the culture-independent approaches like metagenomics, single-cell genomic, and metatranscriptomics which have changed the way we study microbes that are never before grown and isolated outside. Biogeochemical cycling basing ...

Shaofei Zhang1, Na Xu2 and Gang Liu2*

...he abundances of several bacterial and fungal genera were significantly correlated with abundances of archaeal genera in pairwise populations, and a positive correlation was observed between archaeal, bacterial, and fungal diversities in the guts of A. erythropus wintering at both Shengjin and Caizi Lakes (R=0.4, p=2.2×10-16; R=0.86, p=2.2×10-16, respectively). This suggests that fecal ba...

Mati Ullah1*, Muhammad Rizwan2, Ali Raza3, Xianlin Zhao4, Yanling Sun4, Sarah Gul5, Muhammad Ihtesham Waheed6, Muhammad Nadeem Khan7, Alvina Gul8, Sami Ullah Jan9* and Chao Huang4*

...ign: justify;">Probiotic bacteria present in fermented milk and its products have a long history of safety and health associated uses. If bacteria isolated from yogurt is characterized technologically and gnomically, it could be used in fermentation for selective purposes. In the current study, we have comprehensively analyzed the genome of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NDO2 isolated from traditional yogurt sam...

Yaowu Zhan, Dandan Su*, Jinxiu Bai, Fang Li and Yulian Dong

... that for both viral and bacterial upper respiratory tract infections, serum amyloid A and C reactive protein Proteins all have higher area under the line, and the ratio of the two is larger than the area under the line, both above 0.8. The serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein in the blood routine test of children with ARTI showed a changing trend. It was concluded that the changes of serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein can be used for early prediction of...

Maysaa A. Jumaah*, Ali A. Al-Iedani 

...nicated and whole-killed bacteria) of E. coli. We also aimed to reveal tthe nature of host innate and adaptive immune responses by measuring the extent of their effects on the level of pro-inflammatory (interferon γ and interleukins (IL)-12) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and innate immune responses (total white blood count, phagocytosis and respiratory burst). Our results demonstrated that all vaccines have induced both innate and adap...

Azhar Ali1, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Wu Di3, Huang Chunjie3, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1, Bilal Ahmed1, Farwa Shakeel1, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari1, Windu Negara2, Bambang Waluyo Hadi Eko Prasetiyono1*

... of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This work employed shotgun metagenomics to examine antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) present in the feces of dairy cattle. The presence of resistance genes in the feces indicates that certain microorganisms carry several resistance genes, which are often found in close proximity and originate from various species. Our findings indicates that the gastrointestinal system of dairy cows harbors a repertoire of 216 antimicrobial ...

Istna Mangisah*, Lilik Krismiyanto, Vitus Dwi Yunianto Budi Ismadi, Mulyono Mulyono, Nyoman Suthama, Fajar Wahyono

...meal (ALM) on intestinal bacteria, intestinal growth, blood lipid profile, and performance of Tegal ducks kept in different cage densities. A total of 140 7-day-old male Tegal ducks with an average body weight of 130.83 ± 7.54 g/head were placed in 20 experimental units in stilt cages following a completely randomized design procedure, 5 treatments, and 4 replications. The research ration was prepared with an EM content of 2900 kcal/kg and 18% crude pro...

Muhammad Muneeb1, Ali Hussain2*, Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad3, Arshad Javid1 and Jibran Hussain3

...ic and sulphate-reducing bacterial species in the form of a co-culture to treat an in-vitro prepared sulphate-rich wastewater while employing various agro-industrial organic waste as economical growth substrates. A combination of sulphate-reducing and cellulolytic bacteria in a ratio of 1:1 (v/v) was proved to be efficient for the reduction of sulphate in controlled as well as in the experimental conditions. The implicated m...

Marwa M. El-Deriny1,2*, Rania H. Wahdan1, Marwa S. Fouad3 and Dina S.S. Ibrahim1,2*

...nt growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on root knot nematode in eggplant.In greenhouse, a standard microbial fertilizer (NPK) and four microbial isolates involved Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma viride were tested and it was found thatthe dual treatments composed of NPK and Pseudomonas fluorescens or T. viride, significantly reduced the total population of root-knot nematode, M. javanica, with a reduction perc...

Endy Triyannanto1, Danung Nur Adli2, Diah Pratiwi3, Lukman Hakim3, Selma Noor Permadi3, Taufik Kurniawan3, Angga Maulana Firmansyah3, Lina Ivanti3, Dinar Suksmayu Saputri3, Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin4, Hari Hariadi5, Tri Ujilestari3, Teguh Wahyono3* 

...Meanwhile, total aerobic bacteria, coliform, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) decreased after irradiation treatment (p < 0.01). In conclusion, even though it can decontaminate pathogenic microbes, gamma irradiation can affect the texture, change color, increase oxidation parameters, and reduce the sensory parameters of pork products.  

...
Rico Anggriawan1, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari2, Sri Hidanah3, Muhammad Anam Al-Arif4, Diyah Ayu Candra5
...h are giving lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with a concentration of 108 CFU/ml to broiler chickens infected with Escherichia coli, research that has been carried out shows that this shows a better performance index. By adding lactic acid bacteria at a concentration of 108 CFU/ml on a farm scale of 2000 heads per period, the contribution margin can cover all fixed costs, so the road remains viable.
 
...

Suhair Sh. Al-Siraj1, Jihan M. Badr2 and Dalia M.A. El-Masry3*

...ms, especially dangerous bacteria, created a concern for both humans and animals. Plant components may be utilised to cure or manage infections instead of antibiotics. This study examined the antibacterial effects of Bay leaf (laurusnobilis) aqueous extracts and nano-emulsion against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and t...

Rijanto Hutasoit1,3, Edison Purba2*, Simon Petrus Ginting3, Nevy Diana Hanafi2

...f phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was highest at 100 Gy (2.06 x 109 CFU/g). It was concluded that M2 I. zollingeriana irradiation treatment could produce more production and quality compared to non-iradiated treatments and could increase the population of phosphate-solubilizing microbes in saline soil.
 
Keywords | Indigofera zollingeriana, Mutan 2 generation, Irradiation, Salinity, Production
...

Qais Abdulrahman M. Al-Jaghifi, Zina Saab Khudhir* 

...ss of chitosan as an antibacterial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from frozen and fresh beef was evaluated. Bacterial isolates were confirmed using cultural, biochemical, and the VITEK 2 system. All suspected MRSA isolates tested positive for MRSA. In frozen meat samples (n=50) collected from different markets in Baghdad city, the number and isolation percentage (%) of S. aureus and...

Desak Putu Mas Ari Candrawati*, I Gede Mahardika, I Gusti Nyoman Gde Bidura, Ni Wayan Siti

...profiles, and pathogenic bacteria in intestines. Synbiotic comprised a combination of prebiotics Moringa oleifera leaves and probiotics yeast culture in a ratio of 1:1 (g/g). The results of in vitro analysis contained probiotics Saccharomyces spp. of 1.7 x109 cfu/g. Broilers used were 200-day-old chicks (DOC), divided randomly into 4 treatments with 5 replications, each consisting of 10 broilers. The control (treatment A) was given basic feed without the addit...

Ying Zhong1,3,4, Jingni Chen1, Chunping Huang1, Huaiyuan Jin1, Jinlu Huang1, Lining Zhao1, Yi Geng3, Guiping Wang1,4 and Xueqiao Qian1,2*

...en strains of pathogenic bacteria from ponds with outbreaks of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis at a L. vannamei farm in Zhuhai, China. Among the seven bacteria strains, one strain was isolated from aquaculture water, two strains were isolated from hepatopancreas, and the other four strains were isolated from juvenile shrimp. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing and biochemical identification showed that all seven pathogenic
Abdul Majeed Saim1, Arshad Javid1, Misbah Sarwar2­, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman3 and Ali Hussain4*
... a reservoir for enteric bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. This study aimed to investigate prevalence of E. coli and S. enterica and occurrence of their antibiotic resistance (ABR) genes in selected wild and captive bird species in Pakistan. E. coli and S. enterica were isolated from fecal samples of birds and identified by phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular characterization of ABR genes by PCR. E. coli colonies appeared circular and dark ...
Sohaila Fathi El-Hawary1, Nermeen M.L. Malak2, Reda A. Gomaa3, Hesham Z. Tawfeuk3, Suzan Ismail4, Nady Khairy Elbarbary5*
...e significant pathogenic bacteria found in fish that induce gastroenteritis, a major public health issue. The present research investigated the occurrence, virulence gene detection, antibiotic resistance profile, and the antibacterial influence of lemon juice and pomegranate peel extract on V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus. Samples were 150 fish (30 of each Nile tilapia, Nile perch, sardine, Mugil cephalus, ...

Afnan Ahmed Allhyani1, Mohamed Baeshen1, Nagwa Thabet Elsharawy2,3

...ves by examining its antibacterial effect by (aquas & ethanolic) extracts by different concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 & 15) cc against six foodborne microorganisms (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Finally, the different concretions of each extract were added to the chevon. Obtained results observed that all extracts have anti

Khalil1*, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli2, Montesqrit2, Andri3

...ooking is susceptible to bacterial activity and nutrient degradation during storage due to insufficient drying and sterilization. Calcined bivalve shell had antimicrobial effects and was potentially used as a preservative ingredient to improve fishmeal’s shelf life and nutritional value. The present research aimed to study the beneficial effect of calcined mussel meal (CMM) as a preservative agent to improve fishmeal’s storage stability and nutriti...

Muhammad Luthfi Hidayat, Istna Mangisah, Lilik Krismiyanto, Vitus Dwi Yunianto*

...ded broiler performance, bacterial populations in the small intestine, small intestine pH, protein digestibility, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), H/L ratio and relative weight of immune organs. The results showed that ELPPP increased (p <0.05) performance, small intestine bacterial balance, protein digestibility, SOD level, relative weights of immune organs, but decreased small intestinal pH, MDA levels...

Doni Supadil1, Sri Melia2*, Indri Juliyarsi2

...easing total lactic acid bacteria, decreasing pH value, increasing acidity, and antioxidant activity. The optimal treatment was fermented milk with 6% purple sweet potato flour, yielding 117.67 x 109 CFU/ml of lactic acid bacteria, a pH value of 3.75, titratable acidity of 1.40%, and antioxidant activity of 78.90%. This study suggests that fermented milk with added sweet potato flour can serve as a functional food, offering ...

Bunga Rimta Barus1, Masfria Masfria2*, Aminah Dalimunthe3, Sovia Lenny4

...xhibited significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with the 5% concentration showing the largest zone of inhibition (11.20 ± 0.30 mm). Histological analysis revealed that the 5% gel concentration significantly enhanced epidermal thickness (52,407.77 ± 1.34 nm) and promoted angiogenesis (26.33 ± 0.31) in the wound area. These results indicate that the 5% ethyl acetate fraction gel is the most effective in promoting w...

Ali Abd Kadhum  

... examinations. Different bacterial species was confirmed using the Enterosystem 18 R system and using a device. Vitek-2 compact system. Results of an antibiotic resistance test showed that the isolates showed a “significant” change in resistance to antibiotics, as the isolates showed the bacterial species Staphulococcu aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Moraxilla catarrhalis, and Klebsiella ...

Mohanad O. Al-Jubouri1*, Sadeq M. AL Haider2, Safa M. Imran3

...net. Seven diseases were bacterial It is diagnosed by clinical signs that appear from severe infections of external and internal organs (Bacterial gill disease, Tail and fin rot, Infection abdominal dropsy, Columnaris Disease, Enteric red mouth disease, Bacterial enteritis, Vibriosis). Bacteria were identified according to their shape, characterization a...

Dalia M.A. Elmasry1*, Dalia M. El-Husseini1, Asmaa A. Eissa1, Zakaria R. Elkanawati2, Momtaz A. Shahein3, Amany Adel4

...ous illnesses, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, endanger the health and survival of honeybee colonies. Viruses, among ailments, pose a significant danger to the health and well-being of honeybees, causing beekeepers to be concerned about economic losses. One hundred samples has been collected from bee colony farms had bees loss 20% or more during 2021-2022 from some Egyptian governorates. The samples have been prepared and suspected viruses detection...
Namaat R Abdulla1*, Abdullah FA2, Ali Abd Kadhum3, Ghanyem HS4, Noor R Abdulla5

Laila Ibouzine-Dine1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Hasnaa Mallouk1, Mouloud Lamtai1, Zineb El Marzouki1, Amal Dimaoui1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El Hessni1

Mohamed Ahmed Abaza1, Amany O. Selim2, Mona Abdallah3, Shimaa A.E. Atwa4, Hala El Daous5, Mona Abd-Allah Abd-Elrehim6, Mohamed M.S. Gaballa7, Reda R. Fathy1*

...h to prevent and control bacterial infections. Therefore, the main goal of current investigation was to control the drug-resistant E. coli O6 infection using nano-production of zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) in both in vitro and vivo studies. ZnO-NPs was applied in one day old specific pathogen free chicks to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of 50mg/kg ration dosage compared with colistin as commercial antibiotic at 5 days old...

Nasr Tarq Mohammed 

...s anti-carcinogenic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and immune-boosting properties. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) against breast cancer cell lines. The use of a simple aqueous extract allows for easy and cost-effective preparation while retaining bioactivity. In this research, the effectiveness of AGE in inhibiting cancer cell viability was assessed using cancer cell lines CAL51 and AMN3. The cell ...

Enany M.E.1, Fadel Hanaa M.2, Abo-Shama U.H.3, Ahmed Mona M.1, Kholief M.E.A.4*

...lori, is seasoned common bacterial humans pathogen, possess virulence genes such as vacuolating cytotoxin gene A (vacA), cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) and, (hrgA) which have not widely recognized function. The aim of the current study to determine the efficacy of antibiotic therapies of human diseased animal model as felines and sheep infected with virulent H. pylori in seasons. A total of twelve H. pylori isolates cultivated from samples of stomachs and ...

Zulfiqar Ali1, Asad Ullah2*, Shumaila Gul3, Maryam Begum4, Raheela Taj5, Tahira Tayyeb1, Maiz ur Rahman1, Muhammad Owais Khan1, Rafiq Ullah1, Imad Khan2, Ali Gohar2, Shakirullah Khan6, Khudija Ghani7 and Muneeb Islam8

... are carriers of several bacterial, viral, and protozoan infections that affect both animals and human. Ticks (Class Arachnida) are ectoparasites of a wide variety of vertebrates, including livestock, and wild animals. Ticks are arachnids of veterinary and medical importance because they can transmit various diseases. Accurate identification of tick species is crucial for effective disease surveillance, prevention, and control strategies. Morphological identif...

Fahmida Manin1*, Yusrizal1, Mairizal1, Lovita Adriani2, Andi Mushawwir2

...nriched with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the digestive tract of geese with a bacterial count of 1010–1011 cfu/mL. The purpose of this study was to determine the best combination of probiotics and phytobiotics with improved performance, the ability to reduce the cases of intestinal dysbiosis, lower cholesterol and saturated fat with an increase in unsaturated fat in broiler meat. The treatments were T0 = without Pro...

Mustofa Hilmi1,4, Zuprizal2, Nanung Danar Dono2, Bambang Ariyadi3*

...am-positive and negative bacteria. It was done so that the silver nanoparticles could be evaluated as an antimicrobial agent, and there was also the possibility that they could be used as a feed additive. This study assesses microbial inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in a laboratory setting. The substances utilized included silver nanoparticles, nutrient agar medium, Man’s Rogosa Sharpe Agar, Man’s Rogosa Sharpe Broth,

Eman Mamdouh Qenawy1, Mohamed Abou-Ellail1, Fatma Abdel-Motaal2, Mohammed O. Alshaharni3, Nady Khairy Elbarbary4*

...y, Egypt, and exposed to bacterial analysis and PCR methods. The fraud samples exhibited a higher overall bacterial count than pure bovine meat. P. aeruginosa and E. coli were identified in 41.1% and 30% of the examined samples, with a high occurrence rate in minced beef samples. All P. aeruginosa isolates examined by PCR carried the rpoB gene, and 70% and 40% showed positive lasB and exoS virulence genes. Meanwhile, E. coli...

Zahraa Ahmed Khlaf*, Alfred S. Karomy, Qutaiba Jassim Gheni 

...n the logarithm of total bacterial counts and E. coli counts in the ozone-treated feeds compared to the control. Furthermore, ozone treatments T4 and T5 resulted in a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the concentrations of aflatoxin and ochratoxin compared to the other treatments. Additionally, all ozone gas treatments led to a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in T-2 toxin concentration compared to the control. In terms of production traits, birds fed w...

Rico Anggriawan1*, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari2, Sri Hidanah3, Muhammad Anam Al Arif4, Diyah Ayu Candra5

...biotics, mainly to treat bacterial infections that cause digestive and respiratory disorders. The chicken farming industry, especially broiler chickens, often uses antibiotics to cure bacterial infections and secondary infections caused by bacteria. One of the microorganisms that cause digestive and respiratory diseases in broiler chickens is the bacteria

M.J.Al-Saadi*, Dahfir A. Alobaidi, Jassim E.Q.Al-Musawi 

... soaking water to reduce bacterial contamination on the surfaces of beef thighs. Forty samples of beef thighs were used, with each sample divided into five sections and assigned to five treatment groups: G1 (no wash), G2 (tap water), G3 (distilled water), G4 (magnetized water), and G5 (ozone water). Each treatment consisted of eight replications, with washing conducted at room temperature (22-25°C) for two durations: three minutes and six minutes. The resu...

Ehab Hussein1, Edris A.M.1 and Ghada A.K. Kirrella2*

..., 9 samples treated with bacterial cultures as Streptococcus thermophiles, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and L. rhamnosus (3 of each) and 9 samples treated with marinades (3 of each) represented by basic marinades that composed of sugar 330 g, water 65mL, onion 70g, turmeric 20g, lemongrass 15g, salt 15g, garlic 7g, coriander 2g and cinnamon 2g; commercial marinades were composed of Spices, onion 380g, garlic, salt 60g, sugar 210g, water 30mL and cooking oil 60 mL ...
Dyana Louis Anak Peter, Elldiwirna Saimen, Lucky Poh Wah Goh, Mohd. Khalizan Sabullah, Rahmath Abdulla, Jualang Azlan Gansau and Roslina Jawan*
...ignificant effect on the bacterial growth population of Lactobacillus mindensis CA4 and can be used in the production of functional foods containing prebiotic ingredients or as supplementation of prebiotic in diet. A potential type with perfect formulation of prebiotics will exert myriad effects on health promotion and gives very promising market in the food industry not only for economic but also scientific evidence of its advantages. 

Safaa El Bialy1*, Nabil Bker2, Hossam Ibrahim3, Saber, A. Saad4, Eman Ali5

...biogenic amines, and the bacteria levels while the fish was stored in the fridge at 4°C for 8 days. Results of the study show that adding different amounts of PEO (1, 2, and 3%) to fish fillets improved their taste and texture. After treating the fillets with 3% PEO, pH levels were significantly (p< 0.05) dropped by 22.06%, TVN levels dropped by 62.55%, and TBA levels dropped by 82.75%. The most significant reduction in biogenic amines was observed in t...

Dalia Hamid Mansour1, Mohamed Elshabrawy Ghanem2, Marwa Hassan3, Yousry Ibrahim4, Ibrahim M. Hegab5*

...ogical analysis of cecal bacterial count. One hundred and five chicks were divided into 3 groups, Group A, in which chicks (n=35) was vaccinated and taken Biocid® for the entire experimental period (31 days) in both feed and drinking water. Group B, in which chicks (n=35) was vaccinated with no Biocid® supplementation. Group C, in which chicks (n=35) was not vaccinated but taken Biocid® only in feed. Birds were weekly weighted. Ten birds per group ...

Nahed Yehia1*, Rania I. Mohamed2

...ted with other viral and bacterial infections. The purpose of this research is to study the genetic evolution and pathogenicity of the H9N2 virus during 2022. The forty tracheal samples were gathered from broiler chicken farms from 5 governorates (El-Dakahlia, El-Sharqia, Alexandria, Al-Qalyubia, and El-Gharbia) and tested using Real-Time Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) by specific primers detect avian influenza type A and H9 typing. T...

Mona F. Shousha1*, Aml M. Ragab2 and Salwa M. Helmy1

... the multidrug-resistant bacteria, Salmonella, demonstrated a high incidence in the diseased broiler chickens, with a possibility of human infection and treatment failure. Therefore, it is highly recommended that developing countries drastically reduce the overuse of antibiotics in poultry.

...

Ali Meawad Ahmed1, Asmaa I.A. Morsy1, Rehab E.M. Gaafar2, Nada Ibrahim H. Ahmed1

...ally evaluated for total bacterial, enterobacteriacae counts, and for the incidence of E. coli and Salmonella. In addition, the fish eye’s fluid salinity was measured by a portable refractometer. In the experimental part, 80 fresh tilapia fish were stored in ice for 8 days and periodically evaluated at 24-houres intervals. Results of the current study revealed that the mean value of the sensory score of tilapia was 3.6...

Nesreen Z. Eleiwa1, Radwa A. Lela2, Eman K. Fathalla2

...umers alike. Lactic acid bacteria, especially Lactobacillus plantarum, have been frequently used as a starter culture for fermented sausage production. Water Kefir is another valuable product that causes sausage fermentation and enhances its flavor, quality, and shelf life. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare Lactobacillus plantarum, which acts as a control group, and different concentrations of Kefir 1%, 3%, and 5% in the fermentation process of or...

Naglaa A. El-Taib1*, Asmaa T. Talayea2, Hanan R. Ghanayem3

...l stress. In this state, bacteria cannot grow on standard media but retain certain features of viable cells, such as cellular integrity, metabolic activity, and virulence. Therefore, this study examined the effect of chlorine and hydrogen peroxide as common chemical sanitizers on inducing E. coli O157 into a VBNC state. The results showed that after 30 minutes of treatment with 200, 100, or 50 ppm chlorine, the numbers of culturable E. coli significance P<0...

Shaymaa Jabbar Hassoon1*, Hiba Ibrahim Ali2, Ayat Jasim Mohammed3, Oras Salman4

... done to examine the antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles  synthesized from cinnamon extract against bacteria isolated from fresh sheep meat.  Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by mixing 1ml of Cinnamon extract (0.025) % with (50ml) of silver nitrate solution (1.25)% and the ratio was (1:50) (v:v) at room temperature for (8hrs.) with pH(6.5-7) , later 8hrs, A higher pigment amount was seen. The phys...

Dheyaa Ali Aljuhaishi*, Firas Hussain Kadim Albawi 

... are viruses that invade bacteria and propagate inside them, leading to the lysis of the bacterial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding BP to the broiler’s diet and its effect on body performance, bacterial population of the gut and immune responses against infectious bronchitis. For this purpose, a total of 250 one-day-old Ross308 broilers were random...

Hamayun Arshad1, Muhammad Waris2,3 and Qurratulann Afza Gardner1*

...icidal proteins based on bacteria is regarded as an effective and environment friendly method of insect control. In this regard, surface layer (S-layer) protein in various strains of Lysinibacillus sphaericus is reported to exhibit bioinsecticidal property. Here, we aimed to search for local strain of L. sphaericus and test its S-layer protein for toxicity against Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi larvae. For this purpose, we isolated various
Maimoona Imran2, Farah Rauf Shakoori2*, Soumble Zulfiqar1
Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1*
...d on its accumulation in bacterial cells. Klebsiella pneumoniae remains a major health concern around the globe due to its associated infections, such as, pneumonia, meningitis and bloodstream, surgical site and wound infections. The present study reports a locally isolated K. pneumoniae strain exhibiting high resistance (MIC=90mM) against Ag+ and its accumulation potential. Transcription of Cus (Cu sensing) determinants is found to be upregulated in the prese...

Ahmed Shamkhi Jabbar1* and Saadoon Murad2

...eted toxins of symbiotic bacteria Xenorahbdus nematophlia, Blaiser® as a biopesticide, and chemical pesticide Sivanto®. Our results indicate that the efficacy of secreted toxins by symbiotic bacteria X. nematophlia was the highest after the chemical pesticide Sivanto® and superior to the biopesticide Blaiser®, as the effectiveness recorded was (98.72%), while it was (100%) and (93.3%) for the chemical and bio...

Nuttanun Leamkrajang, Somkiert Prasanpanich, K. Teepalak Rangubhet, Phongthorn Kongmun*

...se in the populations of bacteria, fungi, and R. albus (p<0.001). The research indicates that the characteristics of rumen fermentation, digestibility, and the population of rumen microorganisms varying outcomes across different ruminant species. Furthermore, these factors can be enhanced by utilizing a 70:30 ratio of roughage to concentrate.
 
Keywords | Beef cattle, Goat, Roughage to concentrate ratio, Rumen fermentation, Swam...
Sanaullah Sattar1, Ali Hussain2*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Arshad Javid1 and Shahid Mehmood1
...e, Punjab, Pakistan. The bacterial isolate was motile, Gram-negative, non-spore former and identified as Desulfovibrio vulgaris after 18 S rRNA gene sequencing. The corrosive action of the bacteria was assessed in a 60-day trial of anaerobic incubation. After an incubation period of 60 days, it was found that CR was significantly higher for the coupons that were dipped in inoculated media. For these coupons, the average CR a...

Ivania Farrah Nadhira1, Trioso Purnawarman2, Chaerul Basri2*

...ty of meat, namely total bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus, was tested using microbiology testing method written on SNI 2008 and ISO 21528-2:2017. The correlation of animal welfare practice and the microbiological quality of meat was analysed using the Spearman rho correlation test. Based on the results obtained, most of animal welfare practice at traditional market in Bogor City category as ...

Abeer S. Hafez1, Shereen M. Aly1, Dalia M. A. Elmasry2*, H. A. Hussein3, Marwa A. Abdelmagid4

...rbed and have better antibacterial and antifungal effects than ordinary propolis. The present study aimed to compare propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) and propolis nanoemulsion (PN) as a feed additive in poultry farms by evaluating their influences on growth, immune status, and pathological conditions in chickens. The size, uniformity, and spherical shape of PN were measured at 4.065 ±1.12nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.021 which allows for easy blo...

Asfand Yar Khan1, Syed Saleem Ahmad1*, Muhammad Avais1 and Kamran Ashraf2

...ed to determine the anti-bacterial efficacy of 5 different medicinal plant extracts against Shiga toxin (E. coli O157:H7) based on the in-vitro and in-vivo trial. A total of twenty-one (n=21) PCR-confirmed isolates were selected for detection of virulent genes in-vitro trial (zone of inhibition). For in-vivo trial, forty-two (n=42) day-old chicks were divided into seven equal groups randomly (n=6 birds/group), and were classified as: G1 (Azadirachta indica @ 1...

Sehar Aslam1, Muhammad Qasim1*, Mohsin Khurshid2*, Usman Ali Ashfaq1 and Muhammad Akhtar Ali3

...onse, enhancement of antibacterial and anti-allergic properties, as well as anti-proliferative properties. These beneficial microorganisms can interact with the gut microbiota to restore an impaired gut microbiome. While probiotics can be sourced from various sources, this study focuses on isolating and characterizing novel probiotic strains from dairy sources, specifically Dahi. To evaluate the probiotic potential of these isolates, various biochemical, morph...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

October

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 5, pp. 2001-2500

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