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Victor J. Stenger

Science, Religion and Culture
...nce on society. The new approach takes a harder line in criticizing religion than was previously the case amongst secularists. The new atheists question whether faith, which is belief despite the absence of evidence or even in the presence of contrary evidence, has any moral or intellectual authority. New Atheism recognizes religion for what it is—a set of unfounded superstitions that have been the greatest hindrance to human progress that ever existed o...

Timothy Helton

In a Mirror Dimly: Anthropology and Restoring a Sense of Presence to an Empty World
...ir study. Scholars that approach religion as an object fit only for analysis discover in it a model of an objectified universe; and those that assume a universe subject only to natural law find in the religions that they study worlds devoid of others–sterile worlds populated only by selves incapable of meaningful relationships. The essay urges that those who see in religions only objects for analysis participate in the construction of worlds inhabited by...

Joseph Andrew Bracken

Metaphysics for a World in Evolution
...ploy an instrumentalist approach to the study of the laws of nature. Their aim is to deal, not with things in themselves (the Kantian noumena) but with their empirical manifestation (Kantian phenomena) via tentative hypotheses subject to empirical verification. In the humanities, there is deep suspicion of so-called “meta-narratives” that offer a comprehensive vision of reality on the grounds that their authors are consciously or unconsciously tryi...

Mark Zelcer

...well educated enough to appreciate them? Why would Jews put such a Jewish spin on science?

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Muhangi Denis

...c pigs with mortalities approaching 100%. The disease severely impacts on the socio-economic status of farmers. The disease is endemic in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, in Sardinia (Italy), the Russian Federations, the Caucasus and it has shown possibilities of spread within Eastern Europe. Involvement of all stakeholders in the pig value chain in designing and implementing of prevention and control strategies could be explored in future control ...

Maureen McKeague1, Maria C. DeRosa2*

...mergence of elegant new approaches and tools for SELEX. In this commentary, we discuss recent advancements in the selection of aptamers.

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Simon Mwangi Kihu1*, George Chege Gitao1, Lily Caroline Bebora1, Njenga Munene John1, Gidraph Gachunga Wairire2, Ndichu Maingi1, Raphael Githaiga Wahome1, Davis Njuguna Karanja1, Julius Otieno Oyugi3, Ernest Lutomia3

James Ayukepi Ayukekbong1,2

E-mail | [email protected]

...cessary to initiate the appropriate clinical care. Despite the endemicity of dengue in Nigeria, the disease is not a reportable disease and routine diagnosis is neglected. Here I undertake an exhaustive assembly of known records of dengue prevalence in Nigeria and provide a focus for public health intervention.

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John Martin Fischer

...the great appeal of his approach to a whole range of interrelated issues. I’m not going to mince words: this book is a masterful and comprehensive articulation of Derk Pereboom’s very important and original theory of free will and moral responsibility. Throughout his career, and especially here in this book, Pereboom has developed and defended one of the real “contenders” as a comprehensive theory of freedom and responsibility. This ...

Derk Pereboom

...ischer for his generous appraisal of the book, and for his astute and challenging comments on my treatment of the manipulation argument in Chapter 4. Fischer’s core strategy for resisting this argument is (at least initially) a soft-line reply. Soft-liners claim that in some manipulation cases the agent is not morally responsible, and in others he is. A corollary of the soft-line reply is that there is a plausible compatibilist condition on moral respons...

Salma Shaheen, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani

...oC) and then applied to appropri- ate pots. The treatments of farm yard manure (FYM) @ 10 t ha-1, press mud @ 20 t ha-1, compost @ 0.7 t ha-1 and poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 were applied with half of the recommended dose of NPK @ (75:60:30 kg ha-1) with or without EM. In 2009-10, the application of EM with Press mud @ 20 t ha-1 significantly enhanced spinach growth by exhibiting higher average spinach plant height (35 cm), number of leaves (16.4), fresh foliage ...

Sajid Ali1, Nouman Badar1, Hina Fatima2

E-mail | [email protected]

... ARMA (0, 1) were found appropriate for sugarcane production, sugarcane yield, and cotton production respectively, whereas ARIMA (2, 1, 1) was the suitable model for forecasting cotton yield. Some diagnostic tests were also performed on fitted models and were found well fitted.

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Varadaraja V. Raman

...other hand disgruntled, oppressed, and frustrated citizens (Irish Catholics, Algerian Muslims, Sri Lankan Tamils, etc.) have terrorized people and governments for various causes.There has also been terrorism by the majority on the minority in communities and nations: for example, Jews in Nazi Germany, Kurds in Saddam Hussein’s Iraq, and Blacks in South Africa. In recent years a new kind of terrorism has been emerging in which individuals or groups attack...

Gerald Misinzo1,*, Tebogo Kgotlele1, Epaphras A. Muse1, Jan Van Doorsselaere2, Mikael Berg3, and Muhammad Munir4

Thomas J. Coleman III

Science, Religion and Culture, Vol. 2, Iss. 2, Pages 39-41
...t least they have often appropriated him in this fashion. However, J. David Pleins’s book The Evolving God endeavors us to carefully rethink this position, as he attempts to reclaim Darwin from the grasp of the New Atheists by charging him with uncovering “[t]he truth about religion.

 

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Qingzhong Yu

 

...n: justify; ">Different approaches have been used to investigate the most suitable insertion site for optimal expression of a foreign gene without compromising the replication of the Newcastle disease virus. Recently, inserting a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene upstream from the GE sequences of the viral genes and subsequent quantitative measurements of the GFP fluorescence intensity, we have concluded that the P and M junction region is the optimal inser...

Josef D. Jarhult1, 2

...influenza symptoms with approximately 24 hours, and increases nausea and vomiting by 3-5%. Whether oseltamivir treatment has an effect on the frequency of influenza complications or not remains controversial. Oseltamivir is still standard as prophylaxis, treatment of severely ill patients and patients with risk factors for severe influenza disease as well as an important part of pandemic preparedness plans. Resistance development is a potential problem both in...

Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Isreal Ogunlade1, Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde2

...justify;">Participatory approaches to agricultural extension service delivery emphasize the need for accountability of extension to the end users. This study analysed farmers’ perception of the accountability of agricultural extension services rendered in Oyo State, Nigeria. Structured interview schedule was used in eliciting information from 195 farmers in rural communities across the four agro-ecological zones in the study area using a two-stage random...

Ethan G. Quillen

...logical and theoretical approaches so as to develop a truly inter- and multi-disciplinary understanding about what we mean when we discuss Atheism. On the other, this myriad of voices has equally led to an ever-broadening discordancy, an equivocal discourse that makes it all the more difficult to identify any sort of common or universal definition. This latter issue is, as this paper will argue, the result of a theoretical abstraction, a scholarly attempt at ...

Joseph Langston1*, Joseph Hammer2, Ryan T. Cragun3

...nces around how to best approach religion and religious individuals. Seventy-seven percent of all respondents opted for the group goal of charitable contributions and humanitarian activities, while only 23% of all respondents selected “proselytizing” as a desirable group goal. Secular nonaffiliates’ strongest reason for not joining groups was that joining such groups was a low priority for them, followed by nonbelief not being a salient part ...

Rabbi Paul Shrell-Fox

...f in God in particular. Approximately 25 rabbis voluntarily submitted vignettes concerning their shifts in religious belief. These vignettes were solicited via rabbinic list-serves. Those rabbis who denied a belief in a supernatural being were interviewed to explore the evolution of their religious faith and its impact on their religious practice and behavior. In as much as Judaism places a great emphasis on communal deeds rather than cultural creed, the rabbi...

Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro*, Habib-Ur-Rehman Memon, Muhammad Ali Ansari, Ahmed Naqi Shah

...tural sources for weed suppression. Field trials were undertaken at Cotton Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam Pakistan during summer 2010 and repeated during summer 2011 for validating the previous results. The experiments were laid out in three replicated randomized complete block design. The seed of cotton variety “Sindh-1” was sown through drilling in the 1st week of May each year. The treatments consisted of: ...

Claudia Kohl*, Andreas Nitsche, Andreas Kurth

Email: [email protected]

...cally, the metagenomics approach is similar to well-known shotgun-sequencing, though on a much bigger scale. For instance, the metagenome of a lake would include all the fish, ducks, plants, fungi, bacteria and everything else that belongs to the lake. If we apply this approach to clinical samples we can identify the community of etiological pathogens, without any knowledge on the targets in advance. However, clinical specim...

Ummara Waheed Khan, Raza Ahmed, Irum Shahzadi and Mohmmad Maroof Shah

Email | [email protected]

...ect and manipulate appropriate factor(s) for successful wheat tissue culture and regeneration that in turn
would help its improvement.

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Kang-Seuk Choi

...e of the most promising approaches to vaccine development and are an alternative to inactivated IBD vaccines. In addition, VLP technology has many applications. This paper reviews the potential of VLPs as an alternative to IBD vaccines, along with their specific applications in the field.

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Rongfei Lu1, 2, Zhiyang Liu1, Peng Fang1, Guangyi Chen1, Feng Sun1, Yongjian Fan1, Yijun Zhou1, Tong Zhou1*

... enhanced significantly appropriate measures. As a standard for the relative expression of target genes, the selection of reference genes is crucial. This review describes the history of the RT-qPCR technology, emphasizes the importance of reference genes and enumerates several algorithms to screen reference genes to normalize the RT-qPCR data. Additionally, several possible improvements in the selection of reference genes are discussed.

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Maurice A. Finocchiaro

...an John Heilbron. Their approach is distinctive: it views controversial topics involving the relationship between science and religion from a perspective that is secular-minded, but appreciative of religion, and yet conducted in the belief that such topics are too important to leave to religious believers. This approach also characterizes the work of other Berkeley para-clericals, such as ...

Rehmat Ullah1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Kalim Ullah2

... Services Center (MFSC) approach was investigated in District Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, during year 2015. For the present study, a sample of 306 respondents was selected based on Sekaran sampling technique while using descriptive research design. Well-prepared and pre-tested interview schedule was utilized for collection of data. Descriptive statistics i.e. frequency, percentages and rank order was calculated. Chi-square test was performe...

Abiodun D. Olabode

...ystem is a catalyst for appreciable rice yield in this area. However, proper application of fertilizer and expansion of existing farmland should be adopted among the rice farmers in the study area and other related environment.

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Moorthy S. Muthuswamy

...t of a counterterrorism approach may be central to undermining the influence of religious leaders who espouse violence or undercut the value of modern education, and the ideology of radicals. Not least of all, this approach, as history suggests, has a good chance of reinvigorating modernity in affected Muslim communities.

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Mohammed M. Islam1, 3 *, Damian F. J. Purcell2 and George Kannourakis1,3

...iew, we discuss a novel approach to identify the least transcripts of viral genomes using suppression subtractive hybridization that can be adapted to unanimously identify viruses of diverse genetic backgrounds. 

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Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Habibur Rahman

Amitha Reena Gomes1, Belamaranahally Muniveerappa Veeregowda2, Sonnahallipura Munivenkatappa Byregowda1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan3*

...VLPs), reverse genetics approach etc., in the development of diagnostics and vaccines against PPR.

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Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahman1, Rokshana Parvin1, Ataur Rahman Bhuiyan1, Mohammad Giasuddin2, Shah Md. Ziqrul Haq Chowdhury3, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam1, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury1*

 

Muhammad Abubakar1*, Shumaila Manzoor2, Jonas Johansson Wensman3, Emeli Torsson3, Qurban Ali1 and Muhammad Munir4

 Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro, Qamaruddin Jogi, Mahmooda Buriro, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro, Ghulam Mustafa Laghari and Ali Nawaz Khaskheli

 

...nd environment-friendly approach for weed management. A pot experiment to evaluate the allelopathic potential of leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (L.) against Convolvulus arvensis (L.) and Cyperus rotundus (L.) was undertaken during summer 2011. The study was conducted at Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in three replicated completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of control (...

Hina Fatima, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Mahreen Zaid-Ullah, Abdul-Jabbar, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai

... the technology with an appropriate approach. The results of the inefficiency model reveal that the factors like education, experience and distance from the main market, are the most influential determinants of the technical efficiency in both NonBT and BT- cotton farms. Extension of cotton production required the development of cottonseed that will be suitable for environmental conditions of Pakistan.

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Safdar A. Wahocho, Tanveer F. Miano, Noor U.N. Memon and Niaz A. Wahocho

...am – 4 pm) was an appropriate photoperiod in relation to number of flowers as well as flower quality.

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Iqra Mahmood1, Asif Nadeem1*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali1, Maryam Javed1, Aisha Siddiqa1, Tanveer Hussain2 and Muhammad Tariq Pervez2

Ai Ming Zhou1,2, Guang Wen Liang2, Ling Zeng2, Yong Yue Lu2 and Yi Juan Xu2*

...menoptera: Formicidae) suppress ghost ants Tapinoma melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) through interference competition. However, relatively less testing have been done to evaluate the competition for mutual exploitation between the two ant species in the field. Here, we investigated the interference of the fire ant S. invicta on the interactions between the ghost ant T. melanocephalum and the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudoco...

Irfan Ullah and Abbas Ullah Jan

...income. Flexible Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System model is used to estimate food demand patterns using the Household Integrated Economic Survey of Pakistan for the year 2011-12. Food products are categorized into fourteen groups including milk, meat, fruits, vegetables, sugar, beverages, wheat and wheat flour, rice, other cereals, pulses, oil and fats, tea and coffee, backed products and other food. Economic factors such as food commodities price ...

Zaheer Ahmad Qureshi and Khuram Nawaz Sadozai

... income and expenditure approaches are employed to construct the Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient values. The major finding of this study divulge that the Gini Coefficient value through income approach of rural region of KP province is 0.35 which illustrates that there is 35% of income inequality in rural region of KP. While, the Gini Coefficient value through expenditure approach was obs...

Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Muhammad Shahid2

...ng many pest management approaches, biological control is considered as the main strategy to address these issues including sucking pests. Different biocontrol agents are being used for the management of these sucking insect pests. Neoseiulus barkeri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) has been proved as an efficient acarine predator of sucking insect pests of different crops. This predator has also been reported from different localities of Pakistan. The main objective of ...

 Ali Murad Rahoo1,2, Tariq Mukhtar3,*, Simon R. Gowen1, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4 and Shaukat Ibrahim Abro5

... EPN in cadavers may be appropriate in Pakistan because of the non-availability of industrially produced isolates.

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Shakeel Ahmed* and Sarwat Jahan

...resistin levels, while suppressed leptin (P<0.05) secretion in both fed and 48-hrs fasting conditions. In conclusion our study suggested that NMS has a role in regulation of adipokines secretion. Its inhibitory effect on leptin and stimulatory effect on resistin shows an important relationship between NMS and adipokines in the regulation of reproductive axis in male rhesus monkeys. Further studies are required to confirm this relationship.

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Jose M. Rojas, Noemi Sevilla and Veronica Martin

...V induces a suppression of the immune system during the acute disease, which favours the establishment and exacerbates the progression of secondary infections. This review gives an overview of the known immunosuppressive strategies of PPRV, among the Paramyxoviruses, as well as the strategies developed by this virus to evade the immune system,...

Imed Ben Salem*, Aymen Ben Ibrahim, M’barek Chetoui and Said Nouira

...geographical areas. The approach adopted was to identify landmarks on the skulls of all specimens using the tpsDig software, and then analyzing them through the program MorphoJ. Our results show that L. griselda has the largest skull, whereas L. zebra has the smallest. L. griselda and L. rosalia have greater breadth of the braincase, length of the nasals and length of the tympanic bulla, than the other species. This is probably related to a phenotypic evolutio...

Jixue Hou1,2, Xueling Chen3, Jing Wang4, Hongwei Zhang2, Yu Xi2, Jie Xia2, Xinyu Peng2,* and Xiangwei Wu2,5*

...s well as translational approaches. In this Experiment, we established a unique murine model of femoral artery injury through a home-made wire. The mouse model of vascular injury may be used to explore the molecular mechanism of post-angioplasty restenosis with lowest costing.

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Abdul Baset1, Qun Liu1,*, Muhammad Tariq Hanif1, 2, Baochao Liao1, Aamir Mahmood Memon1,3 and Muhammad Mohsin1

... the starting catch was approximately 100% of the maximum catch. The estimated values of MSY using CEDA with the Fox model under three error assumptions of normal, log-normal and gamma were 25 860.07 t (R2 = 0.864), 26 812.65 t (R2 = 0.836) and 26 665 t (R2 = 0.85), respectively. The MSY values with Schaefer and Pella Tomlinson models under two error assumptions normal and log-normal were 29 160.13 t (R2 =0.84) and 30 455.5 t (R2 =0.807), respectively. The val...

Bahattin Cak1, Orhan Yilmaz1, Siddik Keskin2, Tahir Bayril3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4*

Iram Liaqat1*, Najma Arshad2, Muhammad Arshad3, Safdar Ali Mirza4, Nazish Mazhar Ali1 and Ammara Shoukat1

...tive phytotherapeutical approach to control antibiotic-resistant microbial strains in the food industry.

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Ahmed Zein Mahmoud, Muaz Abdellatif and Ahmed Abdalla

... vaccination along with appropriate control measures.

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Amjad Ali and Abbas Ullah Jan

...dy. Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) was employed for data analysis using computer software STATA. Result illustrates that technical efficiency of sugarcane crop for the period under study in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ranges from minimum 0.47 to maximum 0.98 with mean value of 0.84 percent. This mean that with same resource base average sugarcane growers can increase his yield up to 14% and most technical inefficient grower can increase his per acre yield up to 52%...

Hina Fatima, Lal Almas and Bushra Yasmin

...iciency was around 75%. Approximately 36 percent of farms allocative efficiency varies from 0.20 to 0.60. Around 60% of farms allocative efficiency ranges from 0.61 to above 0.90. The under and over-utilization of inputs such as land, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides reflect the general performance of the inputs in terms of their degree of changes in cotton-melon output to change inputs reflected by the allocative efficiency analysis. It is indispensable that...

Ibni Amin Khalil* and Raziuddin

...seed yield using biplot approach in fifteen parental genotypes following 11× 4: line × tester fashion. The resultant 44 F1 hybrids along with parental genotypes were evaluated under field condition in a replicated trial for seed yield plant-1 performance. Differences among the parental lines, testers, F1 hybrids and line × tester interaction for found significant (P<0.01) for the studied parameter. Promising genotypes for seed yield i.e. L...
Yusuf Koc1, Ecevit Eyduran1* and Omer Akbulut2
...(%), SD ratio, relative approximation error (RAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Pearson correlation between actual and predicted weaning weights were estimated for each combination. It was determined that CHAID algorithm constructed more suitable tree structures, biologically in comparison to Exhaustive CHAID and CART data mining algorithms. Consequently, it is recommended that the biological suitability of the constructed tree structure should be taken acco...
Eman Mahmoud El-Diasty1,Madeha Abd El-Halim Ibrahimand Ghada Kamal El Khalafawy2,*
...de a useful alternative approach. Concerning with genotypic identification, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was applied for identification of Candida species, Cryptococcus albidus, Saccharomyces, Trichosporn, Torulopsis and Rhodotorula. Using universal primers ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 amplified ITS region. And it yielded a unique PCR size of approximately 376-930 bp. PCR amplicons were dig...
Irshad Ahmad
...pears to be a promising approach for the control of walnut borer. Collectively this strategy has resulted in significant reduction of the pest population in the target area of district Dir, Pakistan.
...
Lingtong Ye1, Chao Cao1,2, Bin Tang1,2, Tuo Yao1, Ruixuan Wang1 and Jiangyong Wang1*
...n integrative taxonomic approach that combines morphology and molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene. Adult P. websteri exhibit a high degree of morphological plasticity in the palp pigmentation pattern, the shape of the anterior edge of the prostomium, the shape of the major spines on chaetiger 5, and the shape of the pygidium. The COI gene sequence demonstrated that the intraspecific distance of P. webster...
Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Zhong-Yuan Zhang1, Yan-Guo Han1, Wei-Wei Ni1, Ming-Xing Chu2, Yue-Hui Ma2, Jian-Ning He3, Huai-Zhi Jiang4, Jia-Hua Zhang1, Zhong-Quan Zhao1, Yan Zeng1, Ri-Su Na1, Gao-Fu Wang5, Hang-Xing Ren5 and Yong-Fu Huang1*
...microsatellites are not appropriate biomarkers for goat breeding.

 

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Gabriela Mansano do Nascimento, Helena Lage Ferreira and Clarice Weis Arns

 

...y contagious and immunosuppressive disease in young chickens. The first line of defence against the virus is innate immunity whose activation is independent of the antigen and depends on the ability of the host to recognize pathogens by means of specific pattern recognition receptors. This interaction induces the production of cytokines, chemokines and interferons. Through Janus kinase/signal transducers and transcription activators pathway, interferon induces...
Sumra Ashraf1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2,Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan3, Muhammad Tahir1, Sehrish Rasool1, Maryam Anwar1 and Fiaz Hussain1
...ontrol program for the suppression of pyralid pest insects damaging different agricultural crops of economic importance.
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Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Sara Ferrando2, Lorenzo Gallus2 and Abdul Ghaffar3
...eated and 2 control) of approximate dimensions, 13.72 m × 10.97 m × 1.52 m (229 m3). In treated ponds, fish were fed with artificial diet (protein 42%, lipid 20% and energy 25.2 kJ g-1) for 120 days in three equal meals. On the other hand, control ponds remained without additives. During the whole study period, water quality parameters of the experimental ponds remained as salinity (15‰ -20‰), dissolved oxygen (5...
Andrea Rezic1, Ivica Boskovic2, Piera Lubinu3, Marina Piria1, Tihomir Florijancic2, Massimo Scandura3 and Nikica Sprem1*
...geometric morphometrics approach. A total of 21 landmarks described the dorsal side of the skull and lateral side of the mandible. Individual variation in skull and mandible morphology was statistically significant for the shape (p<0.01). Sexual dimorphism as main effect was highly significant for the dorsal skull shape and the mandible shape and size (p<0.01). The comparison of mandible mean shapes using discriminant function analysis and parametric tes...
Waqar Islam*1, 2, Madiha Zaynab3, Muhammad Qasim2 and Zujian Wu1,2
...eneficial plant defense approaches used by plants. The review also briefly explains about introgression of durable resistance to generate virus resistant cultivars for economically important crops through molecular breeding techniques via utilizing advanced molecular markers involving cis and trans genetics. The review adhere recent research findings regarding disease resistance against viral diseases and concludes via shedding light upon the future prospects ...

John G. Bruno

...ates feasibility of the approach and paves the way for more sophisticated analysis that could lead to improved rickettsial serodiagnostics and aptamer-based vaccines.

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Waqar Islam

.... Integrated management approaches involving utilization of virus resistant crops and efficient management of insect vectors can reduce this disastrous problem. However, in developing countries such strategies are rarely applied due to lack of farmer’s knowledge about plant virus diseases. Therefore, here we reviewed about this issue by highlighting that what farmers know about plant viruses, what is their perception about yield losses by virus diseases ...

Muhammad Asif Zahoor1, Zeeshan Nawaz1, Abu Baker Siddique1, Sajjad ur Rahman2 and Shahid Ali1*

...s. In this way, current approach could be contributed well towards elimination and reduction of losses due to Mycoplasma infections in commercial poultry.

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Muhammad Khurshid1,2*, Muhammad Nafees1, Mehmet Somuncu2

...rated and collaborative approaches are needed for pasture resources management with efficient and sustainable livestock production in Northern Pakistan.

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Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty

Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...ome of twoDNAcomponents approximately 2.7 kb in size, designated as DNA-A and DNA-B. Monopartite begomoviruses are also known to occur. Recently, a novel class of molecule, known as satellite DNA-? of ~1.35 kb size are also found to occur in India. Whitefly transmitted geminiviruses categorized as begomoviruses are reported since long. During the last two decades, whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses have emerged as serious pathogens of several agricultural and ...

B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran

Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management
...lant pathogenic fungi, suppressive effects on some root nematodes without adversely affecting beneficial microbes like Rhizobium and capable of promoting growth of certain crops. There are two major methods of inoculum production of Trichoderma spp. viz., solid state fermentation and liquid state fermentation. In solid fermentation, the fungus is grown on various cereal grains, agricultural wastes and byproducts. The solid state production is highly labour int...

A. K. Chaubey and Satyandra Kumar

Bio-management of root knot nematode and root rot disease by antagonistic fungi and rhizobacteria
... crops was studied for suppression of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on tomato in laboratory and pot culture experiment. All the isolates were isolated by serial dilution and cultured in liquid protein supplemented broth medium and culture filtrates (CF) were prepared. In in-vitro test single eggmasses of uniform size were kept in 5ml CF in 5cm diameter Petri plates. Antifungal activity was test...

K.N. Ahmed and M.R. Hasan

Sudden outbreak of mealy bug and armoured scale causing severe damage to economic crops in Bangladesh
...n oviposition period of approximately 21 days. This mealybug is capable of active movement throughout its adult life. The stripped mealy bug, Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) was found to infest the leaves of different ornamental plants in Rajshahi and Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is a polyphagous pest damaging coffee, sweet potato, jute, groundnut, tomato, citrus, cotton, guava etc. causing enormous damage to them. The female lays about 300-400 eggs which hatch in few h...

A. Regupathy and R. Ayyasamy

Initiatives of papain industry by private-public-farmer link-ages in classical biocontrol program for papaya mealybug in Tamil Nadu
...y (TNAU), Coimbatore to appraise them of the gravity of the situation and the need for getting effective biocontrol agent [Acerophagus papayae (Noyes and Schauff)] through ICAR-NBAII (National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects)-TNAU was emphasized as the existing biocontrol agents could not give relief. Later, when the exotic parasitoid was imported by NBAII, Bangalore, the papain industry wholeheartedly supported the training programmes by deploying ...

Lakshman Chandra Patel and Chandan Kumar Mondal

Management of causal agents of chilli leaf curl complex through bio-friendly approaches
...uron, three ecofriendly approaches i.e. garlic extract, spirit and alternate use of garlic with spirit, one predator insect Chrysoperla carnea and untreated control. The lowest population of thrips, mites and white fly was recorded with application of diafenthiuron at 15 days interval from seedling to early fruiting stage. Among the ecofriendly options, alternate use of garlic with spirit performed better than their single repeated use starting from seedling t...

Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta

Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
...thdrawal. We understand Appropriate PA (Appropriate Precision Agriculture, APA) as Site-Specific Appropriate Precision Agriculture (SSAPA) applied to cropping system management with geoinformatics and agriinformatics as may be available of land, soil, including its nutrient content and availability of requisite water, meteorology, agrometeorology and forecasting inputs and outputs by marke...

T. P. Ghosh, D. Mandal, S. Laha and M. K. Dasgupta 

Dynamics and severity model in managing fungal diseases
...s. Where validated this approach may be a useful tool in plant protection, especially supervisory management and appropriate IPM.
 

 

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Ayesha Zahid,Ammara Muazzam, Sidra Mustafa, Saba Irshad*,Malik Siddique Mahmood and Rehman Shahzad

 

...f lens opaqueness and inappropriate growth of fiber cells. In the present study, a novel G to C substitution (1104G>C) (pE368Q) was screened by PCR-SSCP in exon 2 of GJA8 and this tansversion altered exceedingly conserved glutamic acid to glutamine at site which was involved in coding of ASF1 like histone chaperone. Further presumption based on structural and functional analysis of mutated protein was anticipated by bioinformatics tools, which manifest mild...
P.P. Ghosh*, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya and M.K. Bhattacharjya
...ated all the management approaches under study performed significantly superior to farmers’ practice in terms of reduction in disease severity (32.8-43.6%), yield increase (20.9% - 26.8%) and benefit-cost ratio. Integrated approach was the best approach followed by prophylactic and curative soil disinfestations. Thus, for the present micro-level situation vascular bacterial wilt mala...
P.P. Ghosh*, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato and M.K. Bhattacharjya
...tanical (vegetable oil) approaches of management were tested against traditional practice and replicated among 10 different household at 10 villages. Results showed that grain dressing with both neem and mustard oil under botanical approaches performed significantly superior over other approaches and traditional practice in terms reduction in percent infestation (92%), increase in germinat...
Muhammad Mansoor1, Amanullah1, Zafar Islam2*,Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Umair4, Mehmood Ayaz5, Asghar Ali Khan6, Muhammad Asif2 and Ya Sakina3
... Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa, approved Dera Mung-3 as “Inqalab Mung” for general cultivation in KPK. Inqalab Mung has 28-36% high grain yield potential compared to the standard variety Niab Mung-98 and parent Niab Mung-92 along with resistance to charcoal rot, cercospora leaf spot and Yellow mosaic virus.
...

Shah Saud Ahmad and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*

...earned skills from this approach were fertilizer application, improved agricultural technology and sowing methods. It is suggested that there is a need that FSC has to establish the linkages of the farmers with the entire line department associated with the farming. FSC should take steps to build the capacity of the farmers regarding the latest improved practices of vegetable cultivation to achieve more production.

...
Muhammad Imran Shabbir
...icted. This fundamental approach is the basis for plant and animal breeding to get desired varieties as well as performing genetic analysis including prediction of patterns of inheritance in family lines and to calculate the recurrence risk for relatives etc. Punnett square is used to describe the possible combinations of paternal and maternal alleles for a particular cross. Described here is a line-dot method using ternary genotype codes to determine genotype...

Wesam Hasan Mohamed Mady1*, Bing Liu2, Dong Huang2, Abdel Satar Arafa1, Mohamed Khalifa Hassan1, Mona Mehrez Aly1, Pucheng Chen2, Yongping Jiang2* and Hualan Chen2

...tion is a promising new approach for the prevention and treatment of many viral diseases because of its ability to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses against antigens encoded by recombinant DNA. The goal of this study was to construct Egy-H5 plasmid DNA-based vaccine against a currently circulating avian influenza virus H5N1 strain in Egypt targeting the HA gene. The HA gene of AIV Egyptian strain H5N1 was codon optimized for chicken biased codo...

Muhammad Ibrahim and Ahmad Khan*

...ld be more suitable for appropriate phenological stages and improved crop stand.

...
Ali Karabacak1, Senol Celik2, Adile Tatliyer3, Ismail Keskin1, Yakup Erdal Erturk4, Ecevit Eyduran5, Yasir Javed6 and Mohammad Masood Tariq7,*
... Error (RMSE), Relative Approximation Error (RAE), and Pearson correlation coefficient between actual and predicted values were calculated. For both Models, CHAID and CART were chosen as the best algorithms in the estimation of CCW trait, whereas only CHAID was the ideal tree-based algorithm in the estimation of BW trait. In conclusion, the determination of the best data mining algorithm on the estimation of BW and CCW traits might be utility for further resea...

Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3

Tiansen Li1, Meiling Huang2, Zhen Wang1,Fei Guo3,Hui Zhang1,* and Chuangfu Chen1,*
...duction, as assessed in appropriate in vitro (cell culture) and animal models. Results showed the omp10 mutant was dramatically attenuated for survival in macrophages and mice than the parent strain 2308. With decrease in the spleen/body weight ratios of mice infected with omp10 mutants were noted, inhibition of phagosome-Lysosome fusion was dramaticly impaired, and profound increase of apoptosis rate after exposure of RAW264.7 to omp10...
Usman Waheed1,*, Humayoon Shafique Satti2, Muhammad Arshad3, Ahmed Farooq3, Abdul Rauf4 and Hasan Abbas Zaheer1,5
...formed by rapid devices approved by World Health Organization (WHO) and confirmed by Chemiluminescence Immunoassays (CLIA). Of total 387 respondents, 149 subjects tested positive for syphilis (38.5%), whereas 37 tested positive for HIV (9.6%). Syphilis co-infection was found in 22 of the HIV infected subjects (59.5%; odd ratio 2.53; p=0.008). Co-infection was most prevalent among HSW group (90.9%; OR 8.67; P=0.005) followed by FSW group (20%) and IDUs (14.3%)....
Sumit K. Satpathi1, Suprakash Pal2*, Rupsanatan Mandal2, Nonigopal Shit2 and Ashutosh Sarkar3
...d treatments; thus this approach is augmenting the natural control of pests.
 
Keywords: Cowpea, insect pests, biopesticides, bioefficacy, cost-benefit ratio, natural enemiesl
...
Muhammad Hannan Ahmed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Abu Bakar M. Raza1, M. Afzal1, A. Khaliq1, Yasir Iftikhar2 and Hafiz Muhammad Aatif3
...indings are helpful for appropriate management of sucking complex in case of cotton crop.
...
Masooma Munir1,2*, Aqsa Qayyum1, Saeeda Raza1, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui1, Amer Mumtaz1, Naeem Safdar1, Sahar Shible1, Sohaib Afzal3, Saiqa Bashir4
...rotein but they provide appreciable amount of minerals and phenolic compounds. Swollen basil seeds were used to prepare beverage at three supplementation levels i.e. 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%. Sensory evaluation of basil seed drink revealed that 0.3% basil seeds supplemented drink was liked most in term of taste, texture and over all acceptability whereas 0.4% basil seeds supplemented drink were least liked as compared to other treatments. It was concluded that basil ...

Hassan Hashim Ghalib, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullan Jan and Ghaffar Ali 

Rehmat Ullah1*, Kalim Ullah2, Inam Ullah3, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Asif Nawaz1 
...s may have far reaching approach to disseminate the improved technologies and give benefit to the farmers. 
...

Sanjukta Chakrabarti1, Colin J. Barrow2, Rupinder K. Kanwar3, Venkata Ramana1*, Rakesh N. Veedu4,5 and Jagat R. Kanwar3* 

...report on RNV66, and an approved VEGF inhibitor Avastin. Overall, the findings highlight that VEGFR1(D1-D3)-Fc can also serve as a potential anti-angiogenic molecule. 

...

Trinh Thi Viet Ha1, Pham Duy Liem2 and Li Shuang1* 

...untries using empirical approaches. The findings of the study show that the pattern of rice trade between China and Vietnam is fluctuated. The trade volume between China and Vietnam is smaller, and the fluctuation of trade is larger, and there is a large space for the development of rice trade between the two countries. Through further comparison of the comparative advantages of Chinese and Vietnamese rice products showed that the comparative advantage of Chin...
Faiz Muhammad1,*, Syed Khurram Fareed1, Urooj Zafar1, Taseer Ahmed Khan2 and Aqeel Ahmad1
... optimized a novel tPCR approach to detect Mycoplasma gallispeticum, Mycoplasma synoviae and nonpathogenic mycoplasmas at the same in a single PCR reaction collected from diseased chicken. Direct PCR from the clinical samples produced false negative results. Both culture and PCR were combined as culture-enhanced PCR approach. Three different DNA crude preparation methods were used and broth dilution method foun...

Sikandar Hayat, Khalid Usman* and Muhammad Tahir Amin 

.... Row adjustment and an appropriate N fertilizer application method may be a possible solution. Field trials were carried out to explore suitable row spacing and N fertilizer application method for zero tillage wheat at Agronomic Research Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan (D. I. Khan), Pakistan in 2015-2016 wheat growing season. The experimental design was randomized complete block with split plot arrangement replicated thrice. F...
Xue-yang Wang1, Shang-zhi Zhang1, Ming-hui Liu2, Dong Yu1, Yan Ma1, Dong-qiong Fei1, Hai-zhong Yu1 and Jia-ping Xu1,*
...h a molecular weight of approximately 71.2 kDa. BmARM-like mRNA showed highest expression in hemolymph, significantly high expression levels in 4th instar, moth, and egg, stable high expression levels in the early embryonic development, relatively high expression levels in the 1st day and 5th day of the pupa stage, and highest expression levels in the molting stage. What’s more, BmARM-like protein could be detected...
Carolina A. Bonin1,2, Eric A. Lewallen2,3, Andre J. van Wijnen3, Marta Jussara Cremer4 and Paulo C. Simões-Lopes5*
...2000) within an area of approximately 100 km2, within the Paranaguá Bay Estuary. We employed the group follow protocol, which resulted in 260 h of direct observation. Our results revealed feeding as the most frequent activity in the estuary, totaling nearly two thirds of all records. We also identified two sites of Guiana dolphin habitat preference in our study area, where sightings remarkably totalled > 62% of observation records. These s...
Liushuai Hua1,3, Shiping Gong1,*, Xiangjing Zhong2, Jun Tao2, Yu Chen2 and Jieming Deng2 
... weight maintenance. An appropriate water depth (less than three times body height) is helpful for body weight maintenance (P< 0.01) when the ambient temperature is not cold enough for normal hibernation. These findings can provide technical guidance for safe overwintering of big-headed turtles in captivity, and will help facilitate conservation of this endangered freshwater turtle species.
...

Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1,2*, Muhammad Tahir2, Abid Ali3, Manzoor Hussain3, Muhammad Waheed Anwar4, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 and Ijaz Ahmad

...sidered one of the best approaches in crop production to improve soil fertility and productivity. Like jantar and moringa are rich in plant nutrients and becoming popular in farming community as a green manure. An experiment was conducted for evaluating green maunuring of moringa and jantar along with inorganic fertilizers to enhance the yield and quality attributes of autumn maize at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. There were t...

Imran Ali Rajput1*, Tajwer Sultana Syed1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Imran Khatri1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2 

... a significant role in suppressing the pest population of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund) which is the main pest of cotton in all over the world. Nevertheless, the indigenous botanical extracts have been used effectively against various sucking pests of cotton but only few studies have been attempted to observe their action against bollworms. Therefore, the present study has been designed to observe the dual action of transgenic cotton and botanical...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1,*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...nd reliable alternative approaches for the management of this pest. As the information regarding resistant cultivars is lacking, therefore, the objective of the present study was to identify resistant sources from among the available commercial okra cultivars. Okra cultivars showed significant variations from comparative susceptibility to comparative resistance. On the basis of fruit and shoot infestation caused by H. armigera,Manchali, RK-516, OH-152 a...
Qunhua Han1,2, Meiwen Zhang1,*, Cong Guo2, Xunjun Zhou1, Bo Li1 and Yong Wang1
... from birth through approximately 3 months of age with respect to growth. Vole pups were randomized into litters of 1-2 (LD, low density), 3-5 (MD, medium density), and 6-9 (HD, high density) individuals, and the body weight, body length, tail length, and hind foot length were measured and curve-fitted by using Von Bertalanffy and Logistic equations. Instantaneous growth rates and growth acceleration of Yangtze voleat different densities were calculated. R...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Aly Khan3
...ue to comparative based approach in different occupational communities the present study is of particular importance and interest. Such studies should continue time to time to know the hazardous of potentially important pathogenic parasitic infections particularly in remote parts of the world.
...
Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1,2, Danling Tang1,*, Ye Hai Jun1, Morozov Evgeny1, Sufen Wang1 and Muhammad Aslam Buzdar
Hayat Badshah1, Farman Ullah1, Paul-André Calatayud2, Hidayat Ullah3 and Bashir Ahmad1
...tan. Biological control approach by using Aenasius bambawalei Hayat(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) has been developed recently to control this pest. However, the efficiency of this parasitoid is variable according to the locality and the plants on which P. solenopsis is feeding. In this context, this experiment investigated under field and laboratory conditions the influence of the host plant of P. solenopsis on the parasitism success and...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...search teams on finding appropriate methods for managing and controlling it. A huge fund was given for managing and controlling RPW in several countries. In this study, the potential toxicity of oxamyl to RPW was evaluated under both laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, oxamyl had significant effects on the mortality of RPW. After exposure to direct spray of oxamyl, adult mortality was 62, 82 and 100% whereas larvae mortality was 72, 77 and 100%...

Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Abdul Aziz Khakwani2, Sami Ullah2, Najeeb Ullah2, Abdur Rauf3 and Inam Ullah2

...e tillage system is one approach to ensure better plant population, save irrigation water, cut cultivation costs and increases cotton yield and quality on sustainable basis. Field trial was conducted in 2013 and 2014 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to study the effect of tillage systems [ridge tillage (RT) and flat tillage (FT)] and 5 nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kgN.ha-1) on cotton lint yields, quality and e...
Yakut Gevrekçi* and Çiğdem Takma
... one of the data mining approaches which generate model asses the response variable based on the predictor variables. The present study deals with evaluating relationship between egg production (EP) and some related traits by decision tree analysis with Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) algorithms. A total of 1912 EP records of layers which hatched at four different periods were collected from a c...

Muhammad Tariq1*, Muhammad Khawar Hussain1, Zilakat Khan Malik2 and Noor Jehan1 

...d a Stochastic Frontier Approach for measuring the technical efficiency of strawberry production at farm level. For this purpose data has been collected from 382 randomly selected strawberry producers of two purposively selected villages of district Charsadda. Out of 382 producers 176 were located in Tebana Dhere and 206 in Sarkai village. It is find out that 47% of land area was under the cultivation of strawberry with average production of 2898 kilogram per ...
Nancy R. Howell
...fruitful method for and approach to Cosmic History.
...
Muhammad Abubakar,1,2,* Aamer Bin Zahur,1,3 Khalid Naeem1,3, Muhammad Azeem Khan1,3 and Subhan Qureshi
Senol Celik1,* and Orhan Yilmaz2
...gression splines (MARS) approaches to estimate the most important variables in predicting the body weight of Turkish Tazi dogs. Using various body measurements, the CART algorithm proposed that withers height (WH), abdominal width (AW), rump height (RH) and chest depth (CD) can significant effect the body weight. Quantitatively, it was identified that values of WH > 62.500 cm and RH > 67.500 cm can positively correlated with the highest body weights. On ...
Samra Imran1,* and Afifa Tanweer2
...tegrated interventional approach for the dietary management of celiac patients. Focusing on detailed nutrition education along with ensuring the availability of healthy and affordable gluten free choices, instead of merely emphasizing on compliance to gluten free diet, may ensure good nutritional status of Pakistani celiac patients.
...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz3
...ue to comparative based approach in different occupational groups the present study is of particular interest. Such studies should be continue time to time to know the hazardous of potentially important pathogenic parasitic infections particularly in remote parts of the country.
...
Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1*, Abid Ali2, Manzoor Hussain2, Saadia3, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Sohail Latif6
...ndly and cost effective approaches of nutrient management can be a possible solution for these problems. So the present study was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, Groundnut Research Station Attock, Pakistan during rabi 2013-14 to check the effect of different integrated nutrients management strategies on the yield and quality of wheat. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement by using three replicat...
Muhammad Naeem1, Bushra Sadia1,2,*, Faisal Saeed Awan1and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
...ovement is an important approach for its hyper production. In this connection, wild bacterial strain Streptococcus equisimilis was mutagenized using ethidium bromide and UV radiation. The colonies (15 each) showing > 1% survival rate at 150 min of UV exposure and 12 % survival at 0.5 mg/ml of ethidium bromide for 120 min were selected. Casein hydrolytic assay identified EB3, EB4, EB6, EB7, EB9, EB11, EB13, UV2, UV4, UV6, UV7, UV9, UV11, UV12 and UV 1...

Raania Ahsan* and Zafar Altaf**

...s 80 % with nearly 36 unapproved varieties. Most of these varieties are Cotton leaf curl virus susceptible, poor in fiber quality and high input demanding unapproved varieties. Almost all these varieties employed Monsanto Cry1Acgene (MON 531) as it was not patented in Pakistan. A positive development was approval of Monsanto plan to introduce advanced genetically modified (GM) crop technol...

Mohammad Aslam*

...promotional efforts and appropriate policy measures on the part of the state. Moreover, wheat being a staple diet of people for centuries, switching over to rice may happen only over a long period of time.

...

Zaheer Ahmad, M. Yaqub Mujahid, M. Anwar Khan, Shaheena Yasmin, M. Asif and Maqsood Qamar*

...Council meeting and was approved as a commercial variety namely NARC-2009 for cultivation in rainfed areas of Pakistan.

...

Hassnain Shah, Hina Riaz, Nadeem Akmal , Muhammad Sharif* and Abdul Majid**

...lculated for investment appraisal of the feed mills. Assessment of the intervention based on the farmers’ perception regarding the acceptability and compatibility of the balance feed was done through survey of the participating and fellow farmers at the project sites. Paired sample ‘T’ test was used to compare the difference in milk yield. Farmers reported 0.5 to 2 liters per day increase in milk yield with the use of balance feed. The paired...

 S. Shahid Shaukat*, Mian Sayed**, Aly Khan, M. Azhar Khan* and Babar Qazi***

...e more or less equally suppressed by all the treatments in the order: Carbofuran > Tridax procumbens > Fertinemakil Plus > Withania somnifera. The yield of guar was only slightly increased but not significantly.

...

 Ghulam Shabbir*, Muhammad Aftab, Abid Mahmood** Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah* and Nasir Mahmood Cheema***

...r seed yield, SPS-5 was approved as a rapeseed variety “Chakwal Sarson” by the Punjab Seed Council in 2002 for general cultivation in the Punjab barani tract.

...

Muhammad Athar Khan1, Muhammad Zahid Latif2*, Syed Amir Gilani3 and Ifrah Bukhari4 

...jab, Pakistan after the approval of institutional ethical review board (IERB), 250 subjects were selected for this comparative cross sectional study. Multiple stage probability technique was used for sampling. In the first stage one union council was selected from each district randomly. In the second stage, 25 subjects involved in rice cultivation from the last 10 years were selected from each union council. Similarly 25 subjects who never worked in the rice ...
Promy Virk
...ical absorption peak at approximately 2.30 keV and 3.0 keV corresponded to the surface plasmon resonance property of gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. The green gold and silver (Au/Ag) nanocomposite showed a profound antihyperglycemic effect which was significantly better than all other treated groups. The results on serum ALT, creatinine levels and blood urea also showed a comparable ameliorative effect of both the bulk Trigonella seed extrac...
Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Sehrish Bilal1, Madeeha Khalid1, Muhammad Tahir Nazir1 and A.R. Shakoori2

 

.../i> AChE, computational approach was employed. For this purpose a dissection of 3-D model of A. mellifera and T. castaneum AChE enzyme was studied which showed that change in amino acid sequence of primary structure of enzyme exists at the saponin binding site, resulting in weak interaction for A. mellifera as compared to T. castaneum enzyme protein. Computational studies inidicate that A. mellifera enzyme had a little bindin...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1*, Rehmat Ullah1, Asif Nawaz1 and Ejaz Ashraf2 

Saleem Abid1*, Nasir Jamal2, Muhammad Zubair Anwar3 and Saleem Zahid4 
...ential growth model was appropriate for forecasting potato area and production in Pakistan due to lowest values of the forecasting errors. The forecasted values of both area and production of potato crop depicted increasing trend. The findings of this study would help the decision makers to make better policies regarding crop production, price structure as well as consumption of potato in the country.
...

 Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Umar Farooq, Nadeem Akmal*, Shahid Munir and Bashir Hussain**

POTENTIAL FOR INVESTMENT IN INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGIES: A CASE OF LOW COST SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES IN RAINFED POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
...development. To develop appropriate technologies for increasing land productivity through soil and water conservation, applied research has been carried out during 2001-07 in the rainfed Pothwar area. Low cost soil and water conservation structures were developed and demonstrated in the area. The investment appraisal based on the cost incurred and benefits realized by the farmers recorded through assessment survey revealed t...

 Muhammad Tariq*, Raja Muhammad Omer**, Muhammad Ashraf Mian*, Obaid Ur Rehman***, Amjad Tahir Virk and Kazim Abbass**

PROMOTING CERTIFIED SEED AVAILABILITY OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L) THROUGH PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND ITS IMPACT ON YIELD IN RAINFED AREAS
...ties to the farmers. An approved wheat variety 'Chakwal-50' of rainfed areas was selected for certified seed production and distribution in rainfed District Chakwal under joint venture of a study on comparison of seed source(Certified vs. Farmer's seed) contribution towards wheat yield at six sites in the District. All the agronomic practices were the same in both -2 treatments. The number of fertile tillers m were significantly higher in certified seed source...

 Muhammad Zubair Anwar, M. Azeem Khan, Ikram Saeed, Akhtar Ali*, Shafique Zahid and Abdul Majid**

SMALL FARMERS PERCEPTIONS REGARDING IMPROVED FODDER AND FORAGE VARIETIES: RESULTS OF PARTICIPATORY ON FARM RESEARCH
...f the respondents (83%) appreciated the newly introduced plant species while about 17% have shown their interest in fruit trees.

...

 Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad and Ijaz Ashraf** 

ROLE OF FARMER FIELD SCHOOLS IN ENHANCING SKILLS OF FARMING COMMUNITY IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
... is a capacity building approach, which provides opportunities to farmers of improving various skills through practicing various techniques by themselves. Considering therefore, the importance of this approach, the study was conducted in 2011 to examine the role of FFS in enhancing skills of farming community in the central region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The data were collected through survey method on various aspec...

 Muhammad Sohail*, Imtiaz Hussain*, Riaz-ud-din*, Syed Haider Abbas*, Maqsood Qamar* and Muhammad Noman*

EFFECT OF SPLIT N FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON PHYSIOAGRONOMIC TRAITS OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...s conducted to find out appropriate N rate and application method to enhance wheat productivity. -1 Three N rates i.e., 60, 90, and 120 kg ha and three application methods i.e. full basal N dose at planting and N application in two and three equal split doses at tiller formation and stem elongation stages. Maximum grain yield -1 -1 (5.20 t ha ) was achieved when N was applied @120 kg ha in three equal split doses at planting, tiller formation and stem elongati...

 Muhammad Tayyab Mudassar*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Muhammad Naeemullah**, Muhammad Shakeel*, Muhammad Ashfaque*, Asmat un Nisa* and Javed Khan*

ECONOMIC REARING OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (STEPHENS) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) IN INSECTARY
...nd diet cost of Rs. 40. Approximately 4000 eggs per month were obtained from the C. carnea adult culture and the cost per egg was Rs. 0.04. This study also revealed that the diet consumption of 100 C. carnea larvae was 3.617g of Sitotroga cerealella eggs and 1.793g of Phenacoccus solenopsis crawlers. Adult emergence rate was significantly higher when provided with S. cerealella eggs, which was more economical than that of P. solenopsis crawlers. For efficient ...

Tanzila Kazmi*, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry*, Aftab Ahmed** and Shaheer Ellahi Khan**

FARMERS BELIEFS ABOUT INDIGENOUS FARMING PRACTICES AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
... and demands a complete approach to achieve destined goals. On the other hand it was also found that the lack of knowledge is a hindrance to achieve required outcome(s) from modern techniques. Thus, the public institutes need to be strengthened so that the transitional lag may be bridged and farmers may also get required production.

...

 Ayesha Tahir*

FORECASTING CITRUS EXPORTS IN PAKISTAN
...s were applied but most appropriate model for trend analysis of the present study was quadratic trend model. Forecasting was done from 2012 to 2016.The forecasted export quantities are 1643.13, 1854.03, 2077.80, 2314.46 and 2564.00 thousand tons and forecasted export values are 673.67, 782.34, 898.57, 1022.35 and 1153.68 thousand dollars. Forecasted values are very close to actual values and have positive increasing trend in Pakistan.

...

 Muhammad Sohail*, Imtiaz Hussain*, Riaz-ud-Din*, Sikandar Khan Tanveer*, Maqsood Qamar* and Syed Haider Abbas*

EVALUATION OF ADVANCE WHEAT LINES FOR AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN RAINFED ENVIRONMENT
... to November 15 is more appropriate time and advance lines NR- 397 and NARC-09 have the genetic potential to tolerate adverse rainfed growing conditions under agro-ecological conditions of Pothwar region, Pakistan.

...

 Farman Ullah Shah*, G. Mustafa Sajid** and Sadar Uddin Siddiqui**

EVALUATION OF MULCHING MATERIALS AS INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT COMPONENT IN MAIZE CROP
... available mulches for suppressing weeds in maize crop at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad during kharif (autumn) season 2011. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design, (RBCD) having eight treatments and four replications. The treatments were black plastic, white plastic, sugarcane straw, wheat straw, live mulch, weeds as mulch, hand weeding and weedy check. Weed data -2 -2 included weed density m , fresh and dry weigh...

 Rehmat Ullah*, Kalim Ullah** and Mohammad Zafarullah Khan*

EXTENSION SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION OF DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) IN DISTRICT DERA ISMAIL KHAN
...griculture extension is appreciating the problems of farmers and suggesting a suitable solution for these problems. Due to the utmost importance of agricultural extension services, its role was investigated in the major date producing areas (Dakki, Mian Wada, Mathra Abad, Jhok Ghamywali, Habib Abad, Bilot Sharif, Himat, Jhok Moazam, Matwala Shah, Chura and Jhok Malkanri) of the district Dera Ismail Khan by personal interview method from a sample of 51 responde...

 Aniqa Iram*, Javed Khan**, Nadeem Aslam**, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Habib Iqbal Javed**, Muhammad Irfan*, Awais Rasool*, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi** and Sumera Aslam* 

EFFICACY OF PLANT DERIVED OILS AND EXTRACTS AGAINST WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI (GENNADIUS) ON SESAME CROP
...tion was significantly suppressed by both the botanical oils and extracts as compared to the control treatment but in general botanical oils showed significant results as compared to plant extracts. Soybean oil was quite effective in reducing whitefly population per leaf, while after second spray soybean oil and extract of Mentha spp. was more effective in the reducing whitefly population per leaf. The results indicated that plant derived oils and extracts hav...

 Munir Ahmad*, Asif Ali Mirani**, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood**, Tanveer Ahmad** and Muhammad Azhar Saeed**

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CROSS-FLOW RICE DRYERS
...ved by incorporating an appropriate heat exchanger.

...

 Nosheen Zahra*, Ghulam Sarwar* and Sher Muhammad**

COMPARISON OF GYPSUM AND POTASSIUM SILICATE FOR RECLAMATION OF SALINE SODIC SOIL
...ding to treatment plan. Appropriate time was given to achieve the reclamation of saline sodic soil and relative efficiency was assessed through laboratory analysis. After this, rice seedling (Shaheen Basmati) was transplanted in all the pots i.e., 3 plants per pot. Necessary N, P and K fertilizers were applied at the recommended rate. After crop harvest, soil samples were taken for analysis of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and...

 Syeda Aimen Hadi*, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry*, Aftab Ahmed** and Shaheer Ellahi Khan***

PERCEPTION, APPROACHES AND PRACTICES OF LOCAL FARMING AND DEVELOPMENT: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH
...n recognizing the local approaches of farming in designing and implementation of development projects. These approaches are representative of a particular ecological, social, economical, and political system, shaped by the constraints and opportunities associated to the area. Effective and successful development projects must include the local perceptions, their approaches and practices, a...

 Muhammad Akhter*, Muhammad Azhar Ali**, Zulqarnain Haider* and Shahzad Muzammil***

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHANGES IN GRAINS OF SOME ADVANCE LINES/ VARIETIES OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) AFTER PARBOILING
...la Shah Kaku, including approved fragrant (Basmati) rice variety i.e., Basmati-2000, were used to assess interactive efficacy of parboiling on these varieties/lines and practical expediency of using standardized parboiling technique for improving nutritional, milling and cooking qualities of these lines/varieties. For this purpose, white milled and parboiled rice samples of ten lines/varieties were analyzed for nutritional quality parameters such as ash, dry m...

 Muhammad Zahid Kiani*, Arshad Ali**, Tariq Sultan** and Muhammad Munir Ahmed***

CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM ROOT SYSTEM OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUS L) GROWN UNDER SALT AFFECTED AREA OF PAKISTAN
...upport plant growth by suppressing plant pathogens. The objective of this study was isolation and characterization of bacterial strains from rhizosphere, endosphere and rhizoplane of sunflower. Thirty six bacterial strains were selected out of 44 from plant root samples along with rhizospheric soil, collected from different salt affected areas of Central Punjab (Pakistan). Selected bacterial strains were characterized morphologically as well as biochemically a...

 Muhammad Asif Jamil*, Nowshad Khan*, FarhatUllah Khan* and Muhammad Zakria*

EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION TO THE FARMING COMMUNITY OF DISTRICT BHIMBER, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
...n number and are easily approachable. Demonstrations, personal contacts and radio services were found most effective methods; therefore, it is recommended that these methods should be followed more effectively and used in modern shape.

...

 Khurram Nawaz Saddozai*, Muhammad Nasrullah* and Noor P. Khan** 

STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION ANALYSIS OF TOBACCO GROWERS IN DISTRICT MARDAN, PAKISTAN
...rowers. This parametric approach was encompassed to investigate the technical efficiency of growers. The primary data was gleaned during 2014-15 from sampled population of three villages namely Takkar Kali, Garo Shah and Passand Kali of Takhtbhai Tehsil, Mardan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The multi-stage sampling technique was utilized to obtain the desired sample size of 120 tobacco growers. The major findings of stochastic production frontier an...

 Umar Ijaz Ahmed*, Liu Ying**, Muhammad Khalid Bashir***,
Muhammad Amjed Iqbal*, Muhammad Rizwan*, Muhammad Mazhar
Iqbal****, Muhammad Rafi Qamar***** and Aftab Nazeer******

SPATIAL PRICE TRANSMISSION IN PAKISTAN: THE CASE OF WHEAT AND RICE MARKETS
...odel and Co-integration approach were employed. Results showed that wheat and rice market prices are integrated. Some markets have positive or negative transmission shocks on each other due to the different geographical locations and transport infrastructure. All the wheat markets are adjusted to price changes in the long run equilibrium except few markets. Unidirectional and bidirectional causality exists between wheat and rice markets. Bad and poor infrastru...

 Muneeb Zafar*, Tahir Mehmood**, Irfan Ahmad Baig**, Abdul Saboor** Mazher Abbas***, Shumaila Sadiq** and Khalid Mahmood****

ANALYTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF NON-OPTIMAL USE OF PESTICIDES AND HEALTH HAZARDS FOR VEGETABLE PICKERS
...e of pesticides through appropriate extension services. 

...

 Ghulam Sadiq Afridi*, Abdul Saboor**, Zahoor-ul-Haq***, Sultan Ali
Tariq**** and Muhammad Ishaq*****

EXPLORING POTENTIAL AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PAKISTAN'S COTTON EXPORT
...index and gravity model approach was employed considering country and time specific fixed effect. The RCA index revealed that cotton sub-sectors have competitive advantage in export and there is gradual gain in the competitiveness with time. The opportunity exists in the markets of low, lower-middle and uppermiddle income countries and countries those have fair trade (low tariff and nontariff barriers) for cotton export. Greater export potential lies with Mala...

 Raza Ullah*, Mariam Rehman*, Maria Anjum*, Muhammad Asif
Kamran**, Khuda Bakhsh***, Abdul Saboor****

NAVIGATING FARMING RISKS BY SIMULTANEOUS DIVERSIFICATION AND CREDIT THROUGH FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
... and multinomial probit approaches the agricultural extension educators can also improve their programs to guide the farmers in a better way and target farmers who need risk management information the most. At policy level, emphasis may be given to formal training and awareness of the farmers for diversification to compensate production risks. The existing extension network can be strengthened through its institutional linkage with metrology department and inf...

Samina Ashraf1*, Ghulam Haider2 and Maimoona Ashraf

...buse. The phenomenology approach was used to study the phenomena. A number of 05 women with disabilities who had physical disability or sensory impairment (visual and hearing) were purposively selected as the participants of the study. The age of participants was between 25 to 40 years and they had past experience of any type of abuse of violence, and were cognitively normal to respond interview. At first we identified the participants with the help of survey....
Aitezaz Ahsan1*, Muhammad Usman1, Ihsan Ullah2, Aamer Bin Zahur3 and Adnan Rasheed Malik4

Irfan Ullah, Shahid Ali*, Muhammad Fayaz and Abbas Ullah Jan 

...o the farmers which are appropriate to rearing of broiler in open shed farms for the efficient utilization of resources and enhancing productivity of broilers. 

...
Xiaopeng Tang1,3, Rong Xiang1, Sijia Chen1,3, Shufen Yang1,3, Hu Liu1,3, Rejun Fang1,3,* and Aike Li2,
... method offer effective approach to improving the quality of unconventional protein sources, such as the CSM.
...
Burcu Onuk1,*, Murat Kabak1, Bünyamin Sahin2 and Nazan Gezer İnce3

 

...ume and volume fraction approach of the stereology. In this study, 14 seagulls and 7 storks were examined and volume fractions of the nasal cavity and nasal structures were estimated. Heads of animals were scanned in computed tomography. The images were sampled randomly at a 1/5 sampling fraction. 11-16 sections for the stork and 16-20 sections for the seagull were examined. The sectional surface areas of the total nasal cavity, nasal septum, nasal space and c...
Hao Zhang,1,2,3,* Hai Tao Nie,3 Tie Wei Ma,3 Zi Yu Wang3 and Feng Wang3
... a pelleted mixed diet (approximately concentrate : roughage = 60 : 40, DM basis) for ad libitum intake and slaughtered at 41.73 ± 0.53 kg BW. The remaining lambs (n = 21) were allocated randomly on d 0 to 3 treatment intake levels (treatments were ad libitum or restricted to 70 or 40% of the ad libitum intake) within 7 slaughter groups. A slaughter group contained 1 lamb from each treatment, and lambs were slaughtered when the ad libitum treatment lamb...

Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Abdul Malik2*, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak2, Naveedullah1, Naeem Ijaz3 and Ishaq Ahmad4 

...lity is recommended. An appropriate measure may be adopted for recharge of the ground water aquifer through development of small dams in the catchments plain. 

...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khuram Sharjeel1, Raheel Babar2, Muhammad Junaid1, Qamar Iqbal3, Rabia Rasheed1 and Nosheen Fatima1 

...erformance of extension approaches and Extension Field Staff (EFS) in order to identify the weaknesses or failures behind extension system and to suggest recommendations for improvement in extension approaches and performance of EFS through census study. The total EFS population consists of 155 people and 121 respondents appeared for interview. The non response rate was 21.94%. The analysis showed that training and visit pro...
Sana Zahra
...drome (PDS) contributes approximately 4.7-7.2% of recessive hereditary deafness in Pakistani population. More than 367 mutations of SLC26A4 have been reported so far with PDS. Identification of recurrent mutations reveals widespread lineage diversity and mutational specificity of a population. This study reports p.Y556C mutation as a recurring mutation in Punjabi population of Pakistan. A detailed genetic evaluation of four unrelated but ethnically simi...
Kaori Sasaoka1, Takahiro Kataoka1, Norie Kanzaki1, Yusuke Kobashi1, Akihiro Sakoda2, Yuu Ishimori2 and Kiyonori Yamaoka1,*
...ity, and determined the appropriate dose of CDDP combined with radon inhalation for highly radiosensitive mice. CDDP was administered at 20 mg/kg weight to C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice after radon inhalation at 1000 Bq/m3 and 2000 Bq/m3 for 24 h. Radon inhalation had a slight positive effect against CDDP toxicity in C57BL/6J mice with respect to improved hair condition, whereas radon inhalation exacerbated CDDP-induced toxicity in BALB/c mice...
María Magdalena Crosby-Galván1, Bernardino Espinoza-Velasco1 and Mónica Ramirez-Mella2,*
...nants. It would also be appropriate to evaluate the intake behavior, productive performance and nutritional status of animals fed with different forms of processed residue of chihua pumpkin.
...
Senol Celik1,*, Ecevit Eyduran2, Adile Tatliyer3, Koksal Karadas4, Mehmet Kazim Kara2 and Abdul Waheed5
... was chosen as the most appropriate model for its highest R2 (0.999) and smallest RMSE (0.124). Growth related parameters (A, B, k, and d) of the Janoscheck non-linear model were estimated as 43.000, 0.905, 0.124 and 0.950, respectively. To conclude, it could be suggested that the Janoscheck non-linear model might help breeders who aim to make precise decisions on optimum slaughtering time and to ensure suitable managerial conditions in DDP goat.
Zahida Parveen1, Safdar Sidra1*, Bushra Nisar Khan2
...g and drinking consumed approximately 4.6% and 2.1% of time, respectively. 
...
Muhammad Zahid Latif1*, Rahila Nizami2, Intzar Hussain3
...n in full awareness and appreciation (1). It is an international phenomenon in which the individuals provide their time and services free of cost to an organization for the benefit of others (2). It is vital for the sustainability and smooth functioning of the nonprofit and community organizations that the participation on volunteer basis should be regular and ongoing (3
Nazish Imran 
...lth Organization (WHO), approximately 10-15% of children and adolescents worldwide suffer from mental health problems.(1) The WHO also highlights that “Lack of attention to mental health of children & adolescents may lead to mental disorders with lifelong consequences, undermines compliance with health regimens and reduces the capacity of societies to be safe and productive”.(2) ...

Nadia Mubarik1, Aqib Iqbal1*, Iqbal Munir1 and Muhammad Arif2 

...program that could be inappropriately activated during drought, was also delayed in the supplemented seedlings as highlighted by a high RWC and expression of the Lhcb2 gene. 

...

Hamza Khan1, Safdar Ali1, Ijaz Ahmad*2, Ihsanullah Khan3, Shujaat Hussain1, Bashir Ahmad Khan4 and Muhammad Suhaib5  

...ough different possible approaches. Development and promotion of local sunflower hybrids can be one of the options. Local sunflower hybrids with higher yield and wider adoptability can make Pakistan self sufficient in edible oil. Therefore a study was carried out at National Agricultural Research Centre Islamabad, to evaluate the performance of 12 locally developed sunflower Hybrids. Twelve sunflower hybrids including two checks viz., SMH 1006, SMH 0907, SMH 0...
Waqas Ali1,*, Arshad Javid1, Syed Mohsin Bhukhari1, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Hira Rafique1
...r, data recorded from inappropriate designed surveys are not suitable for statistical analysis and provide inappropriate picture regarding distribution, abundance and status of target species. Current review inspects different sampling techniques, various issues related to surveys design, application and ethical issues connected with these sampling techniques. It can be concluded from the literature survey that all sampling ...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1,*, Ghulam Murtaza1, Farid Asif Shaheen2 , Fatima Zafar1
...ntegration of different approaches for the protection of their habitats, and to prevent the illegal hunting and poaching, mitigating agricultural and industrial pollution, preventing water reservoirs from heavy metal poisoning are important considerations. Ceasing anthropogenic activities along with the mass awareness programs on electronic and print media could be effective conservation strategies during the period of their stay in Pakistan.
...

Abdur Rehman1*, Wang Jian2, Noor Khan3 and Raheel Saqib

...stribution model is not appropriate used in evaluating the major crops market risk due to various degrees of market risk in various crops such as the cotton and soybean crops with higher levels of market risk, while the coarse grain rice with the medium risk level and finally the corn and wheat with lower levels of market risk. According to the results, the crops having similar characteristics belong to the same level of market risk. Therefore it is essential ...
Muhammad Zameer Kayani1,*and Tariq Mukhtar2
...d by using non-chemical approaches, and resistant cultivars can prove a promising substitute. For their fitness as nematode-suppressive crops, the reproductive and developmental rates of the nematode must be assessed on these cultivars. As there is meager information on the reproductive potential of Meloidogyne incognita on different cucumber cultivars commonly cultivated in Pakistan, therefore, the objective of the p...
Xi-wen Chen1,2, Qian Wang1,3, Miao Yin1, Zhong-hui Pu1,2, Ai-wei Guo3, Lian Li 1,3, Wen-tao Luo1,3 and Xiong-qing Wang1,*
... The RT-LAMP method was approximately 100-fold more sensitive than RT-PCR for PRRSV detection. The assay was also specific for PRRSV and did not cross react with CSFV, PCV-2, PPV or PRV. In clinical samples (n=5) RT-PCR and RT-LAMP both identified the same 2 PRRSV infected samples. Thus, the novel RT-LAMP assay described here is a rapid, simple, sensitive, specific test for PRRSV that can potentially be applied in clinical settings.
...
Selçuk Kaplan
...als. However, using MAS approaches in selection of animals can increase the accuracy of selection. From this point of view, validation of candidate gene markers for marker assisted selection is very important to increase genetic gains in breeding. Leptin is a 16 kDa protein which is highly expressed in adipose tissue. Leptin is one of the most significant candidate gene marker for MAS studies. Therefore, bubaline leptin gene exon 2, part of the intron 1 and in...
Guifen Liu1,2, Xiaomu Liu1,2, Khuram Shahzad3, Wei You1,2, Juan J. Loor3,* and Fachun Wan1,2,4,*
...ge). The dynamic impact approach (DIA) bioinformatics tool was used to uncover the most-affected biological pathways among the DEG. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software also was used to analyze upstream transcription regulators and gene networks. Bioinformatics analysis results indicated that 18 months being a key age for alterations in metabolism. The results of IPA analysis revealed that several transcription regulators related to disease, cell growth, ...
Nasreen Ishaq1, Arif Rasheed Malik2, Zameer Ahmad1, Saad Ehsan Ullah3
...tion. One of such novel approach is cheiloscopy i.e. study of lip print patterns. 
Methodology: In order to investigate the lip prints-based identification, a study was conducted in the Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical College, Lahore. A total of 125 female and 125 male student subjects were selected from all years of MBBS students Session 2016. 
Results: After detailed study and evaluation of lip patte...
Abdul Wajid1,*, Asma Basharat2, Muhammad Akbar Shahid3, Sidra Tul Muntaha1, Abdul Basit4, Tanveer Hussain5, Muhammad Farooq Tahir6, Muhammad Azhar7, Masroor Ellahi Babar1 and Shafqat Fatima Rehmani2
...strategies. In spite of appropriate administration of vaccination, FAdV outbreaks have been reported and caused significant losses in poultry flocks throughout Pakistan in recent years. To identify the serotype and gain a better understanding of the genetic properties of the FAdV strains responsible for recent outbreaks, the sequence analysis of hexon gene of 10 isolates associated with IBH and HPS was determined. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis b...

Rizwana Qamar1, Maria Ghias1, Fida Hussain1, Sajida Habib1, Muhammad Khuram Razzaq2*, Muhammad Aslam1 and Imran Habib3 

...fective and inexpensive approach by plant breeders to manage with drought. A wire house experiment was conducted in Oilseeds Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Faisalabad for the screening of genotypes against drought. Ten hybrids along with their 13 parental inbred lines were grown in polythene bags following factorial structured completely randomized design by three replications against three levels of water stress. Data was recorded on root leng...
Komal Mushtaq1, Shoaib Waqas2*, Hafiz Muhammad Asim3
... multidisciplinary team approach especially physiotherapy and rehabilitation. In this study, effectiveness of spinal manual therapy (maitland grade I and II mobilization) for CLBP management was assessed.
Methods: All subjects in the study were provided maitland grade I and II spinal mobilization for 20 minutes each. A similar treatment frequency was applied and consisted on three sessions per week for 2 continuous weeks. Numeric pain rating...
Masood Nizam Tabassum1*, Muhammad Ather Khan2, Saira Afzal3, Amir Gilani4, Abdul Wahab Gureja5, ShafaqTabassum6
...were from other cities. Approximately 48.96% males and 38.92% females were educated, 37.24% males and 52.79% females had monthly income 10,000 or less whereas 34.82% males and 25.04% females had monthly income between ten thousands and thirty thousands.38.75% males and 44.84% females belonged to lower class.1004 (89.64%) cases were relapsed and 116(10.36%) were new cases. 366(32.68%) cases had pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 754(67.32%) cases had extra pulmon...

Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Veraldo Liesenberg2 and Syed Shehzad Hassan1  

...use of insecticide at inappropriate times and unsuitable locations following the crop calendar. The purpose of this research was to delineate the vulnerable zones for YSB attacks on rice crop using satellite thermal datasets. The area under investigation was 13700 km2 area out of which 8627 km2 was covered by rice plantations. Thermal datasets covered the area of 8627 km2 comprising 10663 pixels which returned 10663 spatially distributed temperature values. Si...
Maaz Ahmad1*, Mussab Ahmad2 and Tehreem Munir3
...ctural organic lesions. Approximately 15-20% of the general population in many developed countries suffers from dyspeptic symptoms at any time in a year, whereas in Pakistan, 14-22 % of general population suffers from FD. 
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of carica papaya extract (CP) in preventing functional dyspepsia in human volunteers. 
Methodology: A community based, placebo-c...
Rana Khurram Aftab1*, Farhat Ijaz2, Samia Jawed3
... offer a cost-effective approach towards lowering blood pressure.
Objectives: To determine the frequency of obesity according to body mass index and waist hip ratio and its relationship with hypertension among medical students.
Methodology: It was a descriptive cross sectional study where a total of 213 students of 1st year MBBS and BDS were involved. Their waist circumference, hip circumference, height and weig...
Munir Ahmad1, Aisha Hameed2*, Saba Khaliq3, Hamid Saeed Malik4 and Shahida Mohsin5
...ll help in selection of appropriate therapeutic regimens.
...
Naveed Rashid*1, Muhammad Aamer2, Uzma Malik3, Nimra Arif4, Muhammad Waqar Akram5 and Ayesha Irshad6
...study with quantitative approach was carried out in hemodialysis unit of Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences, Lahore for the month of July, 2017. All patients with ESRD, on maintenance hemodialysis through an AVF access for at least last 30 days, were included in the study. Each patient was given a questionnaire comprising of 21 questions during his/her routine dialysis. Knowledge of ESRD patients was categorized into poor (<50%), average (50-70%) and goo...

Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla

 

Syed Aun Muhammad1, Muhammad Soaib Said2, Shams Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Dawood2, Muneer Ahmed Qazi3 and Nighat Fatima2,*
...l ligand-target docking approach was used to analyze structural complexes of enzyme target with diaportheins. Auto Grid model showed the most energetically favorable binding mode of natural compounds to beta-lactamase. Docked energies for diaporthein A and B were -8.02 and -8.41 kcal/mol, respectively. These outcomes revealed that these ligands could be potential drugs to treat infectious diseases.
...

Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Irfan Chani1 and Muhammad Afzal2 

...ugh various econometric approaches in the study. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound testing approach has been applied to analyze the long run cointegration among variables, obtaining annual time series data from 1973 to 2014. An empirical estimation of ARDL approach has indicated the evidence of long-run cointegration of model. Empirical findings of the study indicate positive (5....

Sadiqa Begum1, Murad Khan2* and Noor Pao Khan

...ue and profit and dummy approach is used for comparative analysis while multiple regression model is used to estimate the relationship between inputs and output of wheat. Per acre yield of wheat production in district Mardan was 1809.032 kgs. while in district Peshawar it was 2143.230 kgs. Total cost of wheat per acre in district Peshawar was more than that of district Mardan. The net revenue from per acre wheat production was high in district Peshawar as comp...
Safia Rehman1, Nazish Mazhar Ali1,*, Gerald B. Pier2, Iram Liaqat1 and Bushra Mazhar1
...It provides a practical approach towards the use of nanoparticles to enhance antimicrobial activity against these pathogens.
...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Selim Erdoğan3, Ecevit Eyduran3 andMohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...e compared to classical approaches. Several potential predictors in the survey were age of enterprise, province of enterprise (Agri, Kars and Erzurum), educational level, membership status of enterprise to an association of beekeepers (member and nonmember), other activities except for beekeeping (yes and no), number of full beehives, bee race (Caucasian, Carniolan, Italian and Crossbred), and frequency of changing queen bee. MARS outperformed multiple linear ...
Kiran Aqil1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan2, Asim Aslam2, Aqeel Javeed5, Rizwan Qayyum1, Farooq Yousaf,1 Farkhanda Yasmeen1, Muhammad Luqman Sohail3 and Sajid Umar4,*
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2,*, Rashid Mushtaq1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2, Sumaira Maqsood3, Ishita Ahuja4 and Atle M. Bones4
...wn the use of synthetic approaches and develop safe biological/microbial insecticides from NPV isolates, which in future may effectively control S. litura.
...
Xiaqing Chen, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
... for its efficiency to suppress plant pathogen S. shiraiana alone or in combination with fungicide carbendazim under laboratory conditions. The results showed that S. shiraiana was not detected on mulberry leaves and branches, whereas it was only detected in mulberry fruits. T. hamatum fermentation broth and its ethyl acetate extracts caused high mycelial growth inhibition and germination inhibition of S. shiraiana, with...

Ali Sher1*, Khalid Naveed1, Gulzar Ahmad2, Ayub Khan1, Muhammad Saeed1 and Shah Masaud1 

...erstand the mechanistic approach of such improvement. 

...
Shafaq Fatima*, Sumrin Sahar and Khalid Lone
...levels of sex steroids suppressed the synthesis of cortisol presumably interfering with pituitary-inter-renal axis.
...
Iqbal Ahmad Alvi, Muhammad Asif, Rabia Tabassum, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*
...4oC was most appropriate, followed by storage at -20oC and -80oC as no drop in viral titer was witnesses in bacteriophage samples stored at 4oC for up to one year. The results of this research indicated, that a standard refrigeration is suitable and economical means of long term storage with no fall of phage activity.
...
Faxiang Wang, Yan Chen, Sai Chen, Xianghong Li, Jian Yu, Jianhui Wang and Yongle Liu*
...torage of grass carp is approximately 4-6 days.
...

Yasir Ali1*, Muhammad Aslam Khan1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Muhammad Hussain2

...ing different molecular approaches. This review provides a detailed discussion of the different aspects for controlling three rust diseases caused by P. recondita Rob. exdesm f. sp. tritici , P. striiformis West. f. sp. tritici, P. graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici and the importance of race specific and non-specific rust resistance genes in in global wheat varieties. This knowledge will help as basis for plant pathologist, plant breeders and genetics to develop n...

Raza Ullah Khan*, Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Zameer Khan, Fayyaz Hussain and Sonia Saba 

Fan Shuli1*, Ameer Hussain Jarwar1,3, Xiaoyan Wang2, Long Wang1 and Qifeng Ma

...dash;30 is estimated at approximately 5.30 million/tons from which domestic share could be only 1.99 million/tons. Generally, the genetically modified cotton (Bacillus thuringiensis) was acquaint in Pakistan during the first decade of this century to moderate harmful effects of lepidopterous insects; which were causing major loss to the cotton production ultimately to the economy of the country. Currently the genetic modified cotton cultivation consumed for mo...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4,    Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...by convenience sampling approach and tested by comparative cervical intradermal tuberculin test (CCIT) for detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection. Data regarding socio-demographic status, risk factors and farming practices were gathered through a pre-form questionnaire. Results revealed that prevalence of bovine tuberculosis was 5.88%. Statistical analysis revealed significant association of age (OR= 3.267; CI = 1.686-6.331) and herd size (OR = 2.60...
Yuan Li1, Liyan Zhang2, Karhoe Loh3, Ji Feng1, Xinqing Zheng1, Puqing Song1 and Longshan Lin1,*
...hat were differentiated approximately 0.3 million years ago. These two haplotype lineages differed significantly in frequency distribution of Chinese and Malaysian populations, showing an imperfect geographical pedigree structure. Results of AMOVA also showed that the genetic differentiation was mainly among populations. According to the distribution of the haplotypes, an ancestral haplotype existed in both the Chinese population and the Malaysian population, ...

Saeed Ahmad Shah Chishti1, Mudassar Iqbal1*, Nusrat Parveen1, Kashif Nadeem1, Muhammad Iqbal1, Umbreen Shahzad2, Rana Husnain Shabbir1 and Muhammad Najeebullah1 

... of pea crop. The newly approved variety has potential to moderately resist to collar rot disease as compared with all other existing varieties. Studies on organoleptic characteristics showed that Sarsabz is less sweet in taste than Pea-2009, suitable for all types of dishes. This variety was approved by Punjab Seed Council and its seed is available for dissemination. 

...

Ijaz Iqbal1, Maqsooda Parveen1 and Zafar Mahmood2* 

...igns using the proposed approach is illustrated with an example. A list of efficient diallel cross design under resolvable balanced incomplete block design designs for 4≤v≤18 and 2≤ k ≤8 is advocate here.  

...

Asma Sohail1*, Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi1, Maryum Arif2 and Fatima Najam1 

...ation could be a gentle approach. Prior to encapsulation, oil extraction was done by using five different solvents including ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methanol, diethyl ether and chloroform in which ethyl acetate yielded 53% oil. Pumpkin seed oil was encapsulated using gel entrapment i.e. extrusion method and indirect diffusion method using Ca-alginate. Pumpkin seed oil macrospheres showed 91.9 % encapsulation efficiency and 63.0 % loading capacity by direct ex...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
.... This includes the new approach of mixing Huwa-San TR50 with oxamyl which significantly increases its effectiveness against O. afrasiaticus. This approach can help not only in reducing control cost but also in reducing residual effects of acaricides on date fruits.
...

Muhammad Arshad*, Sabeeta Jan, Sundas Awan, Samra Azam, Shiguftah Khalid and Muahmmad Ayub Khan 

... sunflower hybrids were appraised for different agronomic traits to assess genetic specifications, genetic divergence, and correlation coefficient, direct and indirect effects of eight characters towards seed yield under field condition. Experiment was conducted according to RCBD design at NARC (National Agricultural Research Centre), Islamabad during year 2015. Data were recorded on Days to flower initiation, Days to flower completion and Days to maturity, 10...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...d. The best statistical approach was selected based on goodness of fit criteria viz. determination coefficient (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (R2ADJ), and Pearson correlation coefficient between the actual and the predicted values in the response trait handled. The greatest importance order was obtained for age at the end of grazing period (100%), followed by weight at the end of grazing period, weaning age,...

Tasleem Akhtar, Nadeem Sheikh*

Induction of acute phase in response to tacrolimus induced hepatotoxicity
...xic effect of an immunosuppressive drug (tacrolimus). Aqueous suspension of tacrolimus powder (3 mg/ml) was orally given to four experimental groups of wistar rats. Control group was provided with normal drinking water and dissections were done after 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of tacrolimus dose. Densitometric analysis revealed considerable elevated level of some positive acute phase proteins, specifically C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin. While album...

 Maleeha Manzoor1,2*, Ruijuan Ma2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabssum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1

Microalgal-bacterial consortium: a cost-effective approach of wastewater treatment in Pakistan
...nts. The biodegradation approach of involving consortium might
attain self-sustaining level and may prove technically cheaper and advance technology. It will finally help in dealing
the dual mission of producing valuable metabolites and pollutants/nutrients removal from wastes/wastewaters.
Agricultural wastes/residues generated abundantly in energy deficient countries like Pakistan, having enormous
energy potential, are not utilized...

 Ihsan Ali1#, Asim Aslam1*, Habib-ur-Rehman2, Beenish Zahid3, Ishtiaq Ahmed1

Effect of fish oil on growth performance and immune response in experimentally infected broiler chicken with avian influenza virus H9N2
...ch cause
immune suppression and immune organs damage in broilers. Supplementations of
fish oil (FO) enhance the immune status and subside inflammation. This study was
design to observe the effects of Fish oil on lymphoid organs through
histopathology, growth performance and antibody response in H9N2 challenged
broilers. A total of 80 chicks were divided in to 4 groups A, B, C & D. Group A and
B were challenged with...

Muhammad Asghar1*, Mirza Muhammad Qadeer Baig1, Sanaullalh Chaudhary1 and Muhammad Anjum Ali2 

...acro nutrients (NPK) at appropriate concentrations are handy to minimize incidence of BLS disease in rice crop. 

...

Saman Fatima* and Shazia Iram 

...hogens. Under classical approach the infected sections from the skin of kinnow was utilized to grow fungal colonies on generalized media, i.e. potato dextrose agar, from which six fungal colonies were also isolated and studied further. Under molecular approach direct DNA was isolated from the infected skin of sampled fruits by using CTAB method. The pathogens being identified through classical appr
Farhat Iqbal1, Mohammad Masood Tariq2,*, Ecevit Eyduran3, Zil-e-Huma4, Abdul Waheed5, Farhat Abbas2, Muhammad Ali2, Nadeem Rashid2, Majed Rafeeq2, Asadullah2 and Zahid Mustafa2
...native to the classical approach for estimating the body growth of Mengali sheep breed of Balochistan, Pakistan. The parameters mature weight, integration constant, maturity rate and their credible intervals of four widely-used nonlinear sigmoidal growth models were estimated through Bayesian inference. Gompertz, Logistic, Brody and Von Bertalanffy models were fitted to average monthly body weight data of (n = 412) Mengali sheep from birth to 24 months of age ...
Radek Aulicky1,*, Vaclav Stejskal1 and George Opit2
...re to DDVP strips have suppression effect for O. surinamensis but cannot fully replace long term exposure of strips or high dose DDVP aerosols for T. castaneum, C. ferrugineus, R. dominica and S. granarius.
...

Amara Amjad Hashmi1,2,*, Maqbool Hussain Sial3, Waqar Akram4 and Maaida Hussain Hashmi5,6

...014. We use the Heckman Approach to find out determinants of food insecurity. Results suggest that female headship plays a significant positive role in caloric intake, among the other variable head education, households’ member with basic education and higher education, live stock ownership, consumption of livestock produced at home, farming, consumption of food crop produced at home and foreign and domestic remittances plays a significant positive role ...
A.H. Shahzad1, A. Sattar1,*, A. Husnain1, I. Ahmad2, N. Ahmad1, D. Nak3 and Y. Nak3
... Our objectives were to appraise CIDR-EB based estrus synchronization and used CIDR-Ovsynch based resynch protocol in lactating Holstein cows at two different geographical locations. On location A, 160 postpartum cows were enrolled in standard CIDR-EB protocol. Cows were subjected to timed AI and randomly assigned into two groups: 1) control (n=70), subjected to AI on detected estrus (AIDE) from d18-d30 post TAI. Pregnancy rate was diagnosed on d30, d60...
Muhammad Shabir Shaheen1, Shahid Mehmood1, Athar Mahmud1, Jibran Hussain1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi2, Muhammad Yaqoob3, Sohail Ahmad1 and Arshad Javid4,*
...erol level and economic appraisal in term of running cost / Kg of live meat were recorded. The results revealed that all strains generally but Ross 308 particularly maintained on floor heating system (FH) exhibited significantly (P<0.05) better FCR, EEF and livability along with higher glucose and lower cholesterol level in blood with better immune response that led to higher profit margin. All these parameters were significantly (P<0.05) lowest on gas b...
Mujahid Niaz Akhtar* and Amjad Farooq
...otton crops (government approved varieties) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Data was collected after ten days of interval during crop season from 2014 to 2016 randomly. Significant Correlations coefficients were observed which can be used for effective pest control program to predict predator prey ratio.
...

Khwaja Tariq Ziad1, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad2 and Muhammad Suleman Bacha3* 

... and qualitative method approach, eight key informants including five farmers, one local middleman, and representatives of two dairy companies were interviewed during the study, focusing the social aspects and people behaviour towards the dairy sector. Results showed a lack of coordination among small-scale farmers and associated high transaction costs. This case study suggests that small-scale farmers are illiterate and not properly trained. The way they hand...
Pingping Cang1, Mingming Zhang1, Guo Qiao1,Qirui Sun1, Dehai Xu3, Qiang Li1, Xinghua Yuan4 and Wenbin Liu2,
... day 60. CP content was appropriate, and LP was lower for gibel carp. Economic profitability analysis included analysis on gross revenue, break-even production, net present value, payback time, degree of operating leverage, and environmental costs under experimental conditions was conducted. Analysis results revealed that BFT system was more effective than the control system with water exchange in gibel carp culture, suggesting that BFT system could be success...
Zhen-li Li1,2, Hui-fang Zhou2,*, Bo-ru Zhou2, Bei Liu2, Xiao-fei Jiang2 and Jian-ya Xu2

 

...d the serum FSH levels suppressed by mifepristone (P<0.05). Moreover, the expression of c-Jun, Elk-1, Egr-1, CREB, PKA, p38mapk, JNK, ERK, and PKA was significantly up-regulated in the BSZYF group compared with that in the mifepristone group (P<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in Nur77 and CAM expression between the blank, mifepristone, and BSZYF groups. BSZYF could regulate abnormal pituitary gonadotropin secretion and GnRHR signaling...
Peng Song1,2, Wei Feng2, Haiying Shi2,Jinsheng Zhao3, Renmin Liu3 and Wei Xu2,*
...rate of the sudan I and appropriate molar ratio of HP-β-CD to dye (nC:nS=9:1) effectively improved the decolorization rate from 85.45% to 99.45% after 8 reaction.
...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Nosheen Fatima1, Raheel Babar3 and Ikramul Haq4  

Ali Murad Rahoo1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2, Barkat Ali Bughio3 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4
... EPN in cadavers may be appropriate because of the non-availability of industrially produced isolates. Therefore, in the present studies, Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor were compared for invasion and production of IJ of Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Both the nematodes caused 100% mortality of the test insects within 6 days. The mean numbers of IJ of S. feltiae invading each G. mellonella<...

Farhan, Shahid Ali* and Syed Attaullah Shah 

...ofit function was first approximated for further estimation of output supply and input demand elasticities. Results indicated that response of output supply to the price of wheat and land was positive and elastic. Output supply in response to wage rate was negative and inelastic. Output elasticity in response to fertilizer price was negative and elastic. Education has positive relation with the output supply but inelastic. Labor demand in response to output pr...

Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Syed Burhan-ud-Din2, Muhammad Fahad Khan1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3, Azhar Ali Khan3 and Naila Ilyas1

...nts were supportive in suppressing plant infection as compared to infected control, but the most promising outcome of treatments was observed when SA and BTH were applied at the concentration of 5mM and 150mg/L respectively. Three weeks’ analysis of treated mungbean leaves with SA and BTH exhibited peak accumulation of phenols and defense related enzymatic antioxidants. Highest enzymatic activity was observed in treated plants followed by inoculation wit...
Hua-Lun Luo, Yi-Yu Zhang*, Yuan-Yu Qin and Lei Wu
...ed by direct sequencing approach, and resulted in three genotypes of AA, GA and GG. Association analysis demonstrated that the liver ChREBP mRNA expression level was significantly positive or negative effect on serum total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The g.247075G>A mutation was significantly asso...
Ayesha Chaudhary1, Fouzia Mumtaz1, Muhammad Yaseen2* and Muhammad Younis Afzal3 
 
... disturbing the farming approaches through an increase in disease spread, and careless usage of natural resources. Due to these effects, pastoral families are at high risk, hence there is a need to make farmers aware of the reasons and causes of climate change so that they may contribute to their side in actively advocating the cause. The present study was survey-based research and carried out in the Faisalabad district of Punjab, Pakistan. The data was collec...
Hande Küçükönder1, Pınar Çelebi Demirarslan1,*, Aykut Burgut2 and Mustafa Boğa3
...nterprise with a hybrid approach. In accordance with this purpose, the hybrid approach has two main objectives: i) Determination of the effective period for which the output factors [(chicken survival rate (%), egg yield (%)] are optimized at the same time and the appropriate value ranges for the input factors [temperature (oC), humidity (%) and feed per hen (g)] that provide ef...

Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan, Urooba Pervaiz And Mehmood Iqbal 

...rmer friendly. The most appropriate teaching methods were group meetings (38%) and method demonstration (24%), while the most frequently used method for farmers contact was individual contact method (63%) as identified by extension agents. Non- significant association exist between diffusion of improved practices with adoption constraints and best teaching method used, while significant association exist with frequently used contact method. It is recommended t...

Tanweer Ahmed*, Kashif Saeed Khan and Mohammad Naeem 

...ugh various econometric approaches in the study. Pakistan’s agriculture growth has registered mixed trends from 1972 to 2014. Empirical evidence from developing countries suggests that public spending has a profoundly positive relationship with agricultural growth. Agriculture is the second largest sector of Pakistan’s economy, accounting for more than one-fifth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employing almost half of the country’s workfo...

Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2

...the stochastic frontier approach was employed for empirical analysis and multiple stages random sampling technique used for data collection of 400 Bt and Non-Bt cotton farmers for the year of 2012-13. The results of the study have indicated Bt cotton farmers of both districts with higher technical efficiency score as more efficient than Non-Bt cotton farmer. Empirical findings specified a cropped area, seed, labor, fertilizer and irrigation were the significan...

John Ogunsola1*, Richard E. Antia2, Benjamin O. Emikpe2 and Olajumoke A. Morenikeji

...ous and rewarding. When appropriate management and health practices are put in place, wild animals in captivity can be successfully bred; thus, offering captive breeding as a veritable tool for conservation. 

...

Irfan Ullah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Muhammad Fayaz, Amjad Ali and Atta Ullah Shah 

...ices and income. Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) model is used to estimate food demand patterns using the Household Integrated Economic Survey part of Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement for the year 2011-12. Fourteen food groups as per HIES including milk, meat, fruits, sugar, vegetables, beverages, wheat and wheat flour, rice, other cereals, pulses, oil and fats, tea and coffee, backed products and other food were consider...
Christine Jeske
...gaining a tenuous moral approbation. Well-being, then, is actually produced or reduced in sites where people publically negotiate the morality of their life choices. In this article, I examine one such setting of negotiation: church testimonies of Zulu South Africans. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, I describe how testimonies—brief spontaneous personal accounts of changes in life circumstances such as employment and health—allow people to navigate...

 Ellen Y. Zhang

...p;In this paper, I will approach Zhuangzi’s notion of happiness or a well-lived life by ascribing to his concepts of forgetfulness and flow. The paper aims to show that Zhuangzi’s idea of flow, from an experience-process perspective, resembles a certain aspect of the flow defined by Csíkszentmihályi’s motivational psychology, but it is more complicated and more difficult to be conceptualized due to the employment of negative exp...
Eric Yang
...er examines a Confucian approach to well-being. Two Confucian ideas will be developed—in particular, filial piety (xiao) and ritual (li)—which arose in the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China. After a close examination of these two ideas and their relation to well-being, I show how a Confucian approach can serve as a competitor to other conceptions of well-being.

...

 Jennifer Mei Sze Ang

...ssential role in how we apprehend and respond to the world positively and meaningfully. 

...

 Adile Tatliyer1,*, Sinan Bas1 and Serdar Yagci2

 

... of factor analysis was appropriate for the studied data set at each period. At each period, factors whose eigenvalues which is the characteristic roots of a square matrix with p×p were higher than 1 were elected by applying the Varimax rotation in explanatory factor analysis. In the first period of average 11 days after birth, 2 factor scores (FS) were used as new latent predictors in order to predict live body weight in multiple line...

 Abdul Khaliq1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Akhlaq Ahmad2 and Yasir Iftikhar3

...ns and vice-versa also suppressed against N. tabacum and C. procera. Hence, developing PH3 resistance can be managed with bio-pesticides up to extant and need more work to make it applicable in field.

...

 Xu Lijie, Obaid Ullah, Liu Haixing, Ihsan Ali, Zhongshu Li* and Nan-Zhu Fang*

... antioxidant genes and suppressing the expression of NADPH oxidant genes.

...

 Shaher Bano1, Nadia Naseem2 and Sarah Ghafoor1,*

... far. Following ethical approval, a total of twelve rats were divided into two groups. Group A1 consisted of six animals taken at the age of four weeks and sacrificed at age of five weeks. Group A2 contained six animals taken at age of eight weeks and sacrificed at age of nine weeks. The post-natal submandibular and sublingual salivary glands of both the groups were processed for comparison of immunohistochemistry for TGF-α expression at week five and we...
Iram Maqsood1,2,3 and Ke Rong *1,2
...f extinction in nature. Approximately, 130-150 individuals left in wild. Habitat loss is considered as a major source of population decline of this precious species. Consequently, for the sake of A. sinensis conservation, China took steps with the top priority of habitat restoration, controlled management in captive breeding centers, as well as initiation of reintroduction into the wild. Captive breeding centers focused on livestock, controlled sex rati...

Ihsan Ullah Khan*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Muhammad Ashraf, Ashiq Saleem, Sundas Awan, Samra Azam and Shamim Ul Sibtain Shah 

...ts studied did not show appreciable effect of heterosis over better-parents. Overall, the heterotic effects were more prominent on the PHT, ST, HD, 100-GW and SY (kg ha-1) as compared to other traits both relative to mid- and better-parent values. The hybrid vigor (%) in the hybrids over the standard check regarding seed yield ranged from 4.84 % in the cross CMS-77 x R-18 to 20.09 % in the cross CMS-77 x R-83(1). The discovery of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CM...
Tianlong Cai1, Falk Huettmann2, Kisup Lee3 and Yumin Guo1,*
...abitats can accommodate approximately 3,713 wintering individuals (ca. 35% of the wintering population in Izumi).
...

Saud Khan and Inamullah* 

...r quantity in soil with appropriate tillage implement may enhance oil and grain yield of sunflower. In this regard, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of phosphorus (P) levels and tillage instruments on grain and oil yield of sunflower at Agronomy Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar (Pakistan) during summer 2017. Split plot arrangement of the Randomized Complete Block design was used with four replications. Tillage instrumen...
Fakhra Soomro1,*, Riffat Sultana2 and Muhammad Saeed Wagan2
...hat of adults and their appropriate stages were differentiated through combination of characters i.e. coloration, morphometry, pronotum, femur bands, wing pad position and appearance of bands.
...

Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi* 

...se environmentally safe approaches to overcome the loss of grain yield in rice due to this disease. Climate change has a serious effect on this disease because in current scenarios cropping pattern has been changed and the stakeholders has shifted to some other crops rather the practicing ones. Since, farming community has adopted rice crop in non-core areas of Indian Sub-continent where it was out of question before this. Climate change has a drastic effect f...
Farhat Iqbal1, Abdul Waheed2,*, Zil-e-Huma3 and Asim Faraz2
...deals with the Bayesian approach for estimating the parameters of nonlinear growth functions used for modelling the body weight of farm animals. Gompertz, Brody, Von Bertalanffy and Logistic growth models were employed on the basis of nonlinear least squares and Bayesian methods. Using the monthly body weight data of 2070 weight records of Thalli sheep from birth to 24 months of age for both sexes (male and female) and type of births(single and twin), the esti...

Fraza Ijaz1*, Umair Riaz2, Shazia Iqbal3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Muhammad Furqan Ijaz5, Hina Javed1, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Zuhra Mazhar3, Ahmad Hassan Khan6, Hassan Mehmood7 and Ijaz Ahmad8 

...ination is an effective approach and should be tested in different ecologies. 

...

Muhammad Usman Ghani1*, Muti Ur Rehaman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Zubair Shabbir2, Li Bo3 and Naveed Anwar4 

...ise and rapid detection approaches with molecular diagnostic tool. The method relies on periodically thermo cycling heating and cooling of DNA in presence of certain chemical reagents. In order to detect and differentiate parapox infections from those induced by pox virus. A new parapox specific and sensitive PCR assay based on amplification of B2L gene was applied against conserved gene of Orf virus. Crusted scraps and biopsies from different portion of skin ...
Sheng Niu1, Ali-Raza Jahejo1, Fa-jie Jia1, Xin Li1, Guan-bao Ning1, Ding Zhang1, Hai-li Ma1, Wei-fang Hao2, Wen-wei Gao1, Yu-jun Zhao1, Shi-min Gao1, Jian-hui Li1, Gui-lan Li1, Fang Yan1, Rong-kun Gao1, Huan-chun Chen1,3 and Wen-xia Tian1,*
... HDPs expressions were suppressed by thiram-induced TD, and the expressions of HDPs were upregulated by rGSTA3 protein. These findings demonstrated that mRNA expressions of HDPs are highly related to thiram-induced TD, and rGSTA3 protein enhanced the immune response of chicken erythrocytes by up-regulating HDPs expression. Future studies may be aimed at elucidating the association between the expression of these peptides and the development of the TD.
...

Iftikhar Ud Din* and Qamruz Zaman 

... when we shift modeling approach from classical linear regression (CLRM) to multilevel modeling. The study also discussed an important problem in Multilevel Modeling (MLM) i.e. to find sufficient sample size for accurate estimation purposes. In MLM, apart from the general factors of sample size estimation, the test size, the effect size, SE (standard error) of the effect size and power of the test, additional factors like, magnitude of the ICC (Intra Class Cor...
Wali Khan1,*, Mudassar Iqbal2 and Israr Khan2
...school children to make appropriate treatment protocol. All the infected children were randomly divided into 2 groups (A and B). Children in group A were treated with albendazole (bendazol) 400mg/kg while children in group B were treated with albendazole (zentel) 200mg/kg orally once a time. Eggs per gram of faeces were counted in each group before and after treatment. The % efficacy of albendazole (bendazol) and albendazole (zentel) against ancylostomiasis, a...
Abid Hussain Shahzad1, Abdul Sattar1,*, Nasim Ahmad1, Ijaz Ahmad2, Deniz Nak3 and Yavuz Nak3
... group. 
...
Muhammad Shoaib Saleem* and Muhammad Faheem Akbar
...ploited as eco-friendly approach in crop pest management. We therefore, evaluated the effectiveness of nitenpyram, Clothianidin, Momentum (Mixture of Nitenpyram and Chlorfenapyr) and Buprofezin against brinjal whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.). The crop was grown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates each having five treatments with control. Pre-treatment data were collected before 24 h and Post treatment data were collected a...
Ghulam Murtaza1*, Razia Sultana2, Muhammad Arshad Malik3, Sibtain Afzal4, Mubashar Hussain5, Shahid Bashir6
Pin Lyu1, Xiangxian Chen2* andQinlong Liu3*
...effect in inflammation suppression, skeletal muscle regeneration, control of skeletal muscle fibrosis and muscular tissue re-construction. The skeletal muscular structure and C-reactive protein level could reflect the recovery process after skeletal muscles injury with high sensitivity in groups with the four different rehabilitation methods. 
...
Hong Zhang1, Shu-Fen Han2, Jing Wang1, Shao-Kang Wang1, Gui-Ju Sun1 and  Cheng-Kai Zhai1, *
...PARγ) and suppressed the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) protein expression in rats’ tissues. Compound whole-grain ameliorates diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia by enhancing PPARγ and reducing SREBP-1c in rats. 
...
Bo Zhang1, Changbo Zhu1, Zihao Meng1,4, Baosuo Liu1, Lian Zhong3, Guiju Huang1, Jiaqi Su1, Sigang Fan1 and Dahui Yu1,2,*
...refore, likely to be an appropriate, rapid, reliable, and nondestructive method to estimate TCC in bivalves.
...
Songhao Zhang1, Yiwen Gong1, Jian Xu1, Mou Hu2, Peng Xu3 and Yanliang Jiang1,2,4,*
...e utilized the powerful approach of comparative transcriptome analysis via high throughput sequencing, and examined transcriptome profiles of purse red carp by comparing with Yellow River carp, of which the skin color and body shape are quite similar to wild carp. A total of 434 million reads was generated, resulted in 203,590 assembled contigs, which was used as the reference sequences. Comparing the skin and blood transcriptome files showed that 2,767 unigen...
Syeda Shazia Bokhari*, Ghashia Qayyum, Uzma Rafi and Aisha Waheed Qurashi
...sting is an ecofriendly approach theoughwhich earth worms mediate the process for improving soil fertility. The present study was undertaken for the improvement of soil fertility using microbes isolated from internal and external parts of Lumbricus terrestris Isolates were identified through different biochemical tests and morphological characterization. Bacterial strains were screened and those showing positive results for their adherence ability, auto...
Wafaa M. Hikal1,2,* and Hussein A.H. Said-Al Ahl3
...r human infection. In inappropriate conditions, it forms cyst with high levels of resistance to disinfection methods. The aim of this study was to isolate the pathogen from the dental units and hospital water network and treatment of Acanthamoeba with Trachyspermum ammi essential oil that have the ability to kill cysts. The amoebicidal activity of T. ammi oil was determined in vitro. Out of T. ammi oil showed that, hig...
Ghalia Nawal1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Saira Ashfaq3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1    
...ularity, easy step down approach and practicability of increased productions via technological modifications. They have wide- ranging applications in diverse sectors of the food, medical, cosmetic, detergent sectors and in paper industry which establishes their irrefutable noteworthiness. 
...
Rana Waqas Arshad1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Raheela Akhtar1,*
...y decreasing the immunosuppression. These results indicated that live vector vaccine has overall positive impact in terms of immunity, histopathology of bursa of Fabricius and FCR. These results can be implemented in field for complete protection and better growth performance of broiler industry.
...

Shumaila Sadiq1,2*, Abdul Saboor2, Fouzia Jamshaid3, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin2 and Azeem Khalid

Tariq Mukhtar1,* and Muhammad Arshad Hussain2 
...ffered less damage and suppressed nematode infections at all inoculum levels and therefore, recommended for cultivation in root-knot nematode infested fields to abate yield losses and repress the nematode from further multiplication. 
...

Yasir Ali1,2*, Bashir Ahmad1, Naqeebullah Jogezai3 and Adil Hussain

...al dilution and plating approaches were exploited for bacterial isolation and the isolates were qualitatively screened for proteolytic and lipolytic activity with skim milk and Tributyrin agar (TBA plate) assay method. From the collected samples, a total of 20 bacterial isolates (PAK-01 to PAK-20) were exhibiting psychrotrophic physiology. About 8 isolates were capable of proteolysis in alkaline range of pH; and 6 bacteria exhibited lipolysis. Based upon prima...
Shujjah Haider1,*, Ayesha Maqbool1, Tariq Pervez1, Saima Parveen1, Arfan Ahmad2, Zahid Iqbal3, Javed Iqbal3, Shahid Mehmood3, Amanullah Khan4 and Sajid Umar5
...e need of more systemic approaches for the investigation ofMG distribution and prevalence in otherparts of Pakistan in order to design effective control strategies. 
...
Hui Wang1, Lin Wang1, Xuanlu Li1, Shanshan Li1, Yongqiang Zhao2, Shicheng Lv2, Xinrong Xu1, Guang Yang1 and Bingyao Chen1,*
... km2 area is approaching saturation, and more and more birds have begun to utilize the buffer zone. We conducted a line transect survey in December 2010 to estimate bird density and evaluate the importance of the buffer zone. As a result, 34 protected species among the 4975 individuals were sighted, including 127 red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) and 868 common cranes (Grus grus). The overall density of protected species, winter mig...
Nida Zia1, *, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Umm-I-Habiba1, Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Zahid Iqbal6, Javed Iqbal6, Shahid Mehmood6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
...ailed and more systemic approaches to evaluate FAdVs diffusion and characterization to design effective control strategies. 
...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar, Muhammad Imran Hamid, Mubashar Raza, Waqas Raza*, Misbah Iqbal Qamar 

...s favoring the disease suppression. 

...
Muhammad Tariq Adnan Khan*, Tariq Mukhtar and Muhammad Saeed
...ffered less damage and suppressed nematode infection considerably and therefore, recommended for cultivation in root-knot nematode infested fields to abate yield losses and repress the nematode from further multiplication. 
...
Xiaopeng Tang1,2, Rejun Fang3,4,*, Guochang Pan1,2 and Kangning Xiong1,2,*
...d 120 min, to provide a appropriate operation time for Ussing chamber test. Then, a total of 20 Loman laying hens with similar weight (1.25±0.13 kg) were divided into 1 of 5 treatments: i) control group (0 ng/mL EGF), ii) 50 ng/mL EGF group, iii) 100 ng/mL EGF group, iv) 150 ng/mL EGF group, and v) 200 ng/mL EGF group for using chamber test. The results showed that (i) the LDH activity of isolated intestine increased (P < 0.05) sharply du...

Obaidul Islam*, Shameema Khatun and Mustasim Famous 

...view these findings, an appropriate control strategy could be designed and applied, which helps to prevent these disease conditions in study area. 

...
Nouf Alharbi*, Mai Elobeid and Promy Virk
... could be a prospective approach in the treatment of Cd intoxication.
...

Muhammad Waqas, Shahid Ali*, Syed Attaullah Shah and Ghaffar Ali 

...distributed lags (ARDL) approach was used to model long and short run elasticities. AIC, HQ and FPE proposed 3 lags, therefore model was estimated up to 3 lags. Bound test confirmed the existence of long run relationship among the variables. ARDL results indicated that long and short run elasticities of unirrigated wheat production in response to wheat price were 0.447 and - 0.116, respectively and statistically significant. Long and short run elasticities due...

 Aftab Khan1, Shahid Ali1, Murtaza1, Sufyan Ullah Khan2 and Syed Attaullah Shah1

...edit to them to use the appropriate and recommended dose of these inputs. Allocative efficiencies of tractor hours, FYM and labour were 1.16, 1.02 and 0.97, respectively, suggesting that these inputs were efficiently utilized. Facilitation of maize growers with subsidized and timely availability of inputs, provision of agriculture credit with reasonable interest rate and easy instalments and field based trainings are policy options for enhancing maize producti...

Naveed Afsar* and Muhammad Idrees 

...be trained well to more appropriately tackle the menace of climate change, extension workers should be made sure to visit the farmers in their fields on regular basis, and Government should promote information technology in order to properly disseminate the climate change knowledge. 

...
Gul Afshan1,2,*, Soumble Zulfiqar2, Sumaira Mehboob2, Muhammad Tahir Javed Khan1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,*
...d. Protein docking with appropriate ligand revealed that V342 and L349 residues were involved in the ligand binding. Interaction of HCV3a infected human sera with HCV3a E2 purified protein was carried out through Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) using HCV antihuman conjugated protein. It was confirmed that the HCV3a E2 purified protein bound with the human serum almost three times more efficiently than the positive control. For raising antibodies agai...
Salma Javed1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Irfan Ullah2, Sadia Tabassum1,*
... type II diabetes, with approximately 8 million (6.72%) people suffering from it. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and the possible risk factors of type II diabetes in Hazara region Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The total area was divided into six clusters, and the data was collected randomly from different hospitals, clinics, and different localities of Hazara region.The report included 2,400 participants, amongst which, 1,000 subjec...

Muhammad Sharif1*, Sadullah1, Ghulam Rasool2, Muhammad Nasir Khan1, Zubair Rehman1, Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Khalid Hussain4 

...e results under ZT were appriciable and CT (1.28 g cm-3) showed significantly less soil bulk density as compared to both of the other treatments. The crop biomass and grain yield of sorghum were observed CT>CP>ZT accordingly, but the differences were statistically significant for grain yield only. The results indicated that conservation tillage in the form of zero tillage has potential to improve soil properties but the yields of different treatments wer...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1,*, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2, Irshad Ahmad3, Ikramul Haq4, Kashif Prince1, Asad Ullah5, Muhammad Shoaib2, Shahid Zaman6, Amjad Islam Aqib7, Ghazunfar Rashid1, Mahboob Ali1, Imdad Ullah Khan4,Imad Khan5, Naimat Ullah4 and Muhammad Shahid8
... out better immunogenic approach. This study was conducted on total of 36 healthy animal of equal number of rabbits and goats. Each species was divided randomly into three equal (n=6) groups. Group A was supplemented vitamin E and group B was without vitamin E supplementation in both species. Animals of both groups were vaccinated with enterotoxaemia vaccine. Group C was kept as negative control in both rabbits and goats. The immune titer against C. perfrin...
Shanshan Cai1, Tianxiang Gao2, Binlun Yan3, Aiyi Zhu1 and Xiumei Zhang1,2,*
...el and highly-efficient approaches for assessment of stock enhancement.
...
Muhammad Waseem1, Ahmed Raza1, Hamera Aisha1, Muhammad Naeem Awan1, Tariq Ahmad2, Rabia Nazir2 and Tariq Mahmood2,*
...lin trade and poaching. Approximately 275 pangolins were poached at 46 different locations during 2013-2018, with the highest number of killings recorded from Chakwal District (131 pangolins at 14 sites). The pangolin dealers operating in major cities of Pakistan (Rawalpindi, Lahore and Karachi) prefer pangolin scales. A total of 239 shops and street vendors were trading many wildlife species including CITES listed species in the market illegally in addition t...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Umar Mumtaz1, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan3 and Abdul Naveed4
...s and capacity building approaches or styles used by the senior farmers to train and educate young farmers.
...
Zahra Eftekhar1, Morteza Naderi2,*, Mohammad Kaboli3, Hamid R. Rezaei4 and Nematollah Khorasani3
... Geometric morphometric approaches in this study confirm the presence of multiple cryptic refugia for Fat dormouse as a small forest-dwelling species during paleontological oscillations. Such findings correspond to those of previous molecular and niche analyses. Our research also confirms an ideal capability of morphological approaches in species evolutionary assessments.
...
Zelle Huma1*, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1 and Farman Ali2
... of these districts are appropriate for EPNs presence.
...

Asma Hassan*, Zuhair Hasnain, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz, Muhmmad Ansar, Muhmmad Rasheed, Ajaz Ahmad, Lubna Ayub Durani and Muhmmad Bilal Ali 

...ect choice of crops and appropriate tillage systems are economically valuable for former depends on sufficient nutrient supply and satisfactory soil and climatic conditions. Moldboard plough (MP) (control), tine Cultivator (TC) and minimum tillage (MT) as main treatment, Crops sequence as subplot included were fallow–wheat (Triticum aestivum), (FW, control), mungbean (Vigna radiata)–wheat (MW), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)–wheat (SW), green manu...
Memis Ozdemir
... results also have been approved by blasted at the NCBI Genbank.
...

Muhammad Abdul Rahman1*, Abdul Saboor1, Gulnaz Hameed1, Ghulam Bilal2 and Farooq Tanwir3 

...enario. Expert Judgment approach is employed to identify and then rank most significant CEHFs that are related to emerging security hazards to dairy system. These CEHFs are then stitched with existing body of literature to consolidate our findings. Results comprised key CEHFs affecting occurrence of security hazards to dairy production in the scenario of changing climate. Experts ranked lack of genetic research and fodder security on top among various critical...

Muhammad Azam Niazi1* and Umar Farooq2 

... the modern time series approach of cointegration using Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds testing. The bounds testing showed existence of a long run relationship between Basmati rice production and the regressors used in the study. The Basmati rice production showed a positive association with its own price. The response to fertilizer price was negative as per expectations. Tubewell availability had a positive effect on Basmati production. The Basmati rice...

Hala Rajab1, Muhammad Sayyar Khan1*, Safdar Hussain Shah1 and Syed Mehar Ali Shah2 

...nd tissue culture based approaches were tested using different formulations of phytohormones for calli, shoots and roots induction in a variety of genotypes. While false positive lines were obtained in the result of floral-dip method, the tissue culture based method led to successful regeneration of shoots on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing BAP 3 mgL-1 and developed roots in ½ MS media supplemented with IBA 3 mgL-1 in case of OSCAR cultivar. ...

Olufisayo Bamidele* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola 

...cedure and t-test where appropriate. The plasma LH for the AI groups peaked at 60mins while it peaked at 120mins for the control. Kindling rates were 10%, 10%, 60% and 50% respectively for the groups. There was no significant difference (p>0.05, t-test) between the litter size and total live kits obtained for 10µg and 15µg groups. Kit weight at birth showed no statistical difference (p>0.05, ANOVA) among all the groups. There was no still bor...
Shaukat Ali1,*, Sadia Batool2, Fatima Javed Butt2, Sundas Nasreen1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1
...awback sand provides an appropriate cancer treatment strategy. Anticipating various challenges, we expect that probiotics may become a potential cancer bio-theranostic in the field of medical sciences shortly. Appropriate monitoring and treatment are strongly recommended to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma complications. 
...
Naila Riaz1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1, Ali Hassan2, Shaukat Ali2, Shafaat Yar Khan1
...heir maximum yield. The approximate molecular weights of these selected venom fractions were determined by SDS Gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of venom fractions of H. tamulus and A. finitimus used in the study were 36kDa and54kDa, respectively. The doses of venom fractions used during the study ranged from 10-30µg/ml. Both venom fractions significantly inhibited the activity of AChE. However, 30µg/ml dose of both scorpion v...
Hafiza Sadaf Zahra1, Asia Iqbal2, Sayyeda Hira Hassan1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Muhammad Khan1*, Muhammad Irfan3, Chaman Ara1, Shaukat Ali4
... inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSG), while in hypomethylation, demethyltransferase enzyme causes the activation of oncogenes by promoting transcriptional activity. Contrary to DNA methylation, histone acetylation and deacetylation results in chromatin opening and closing, respectively; leading to transcriptional activation and inactivation of genes. Histone acetylation has been frequently detected in oncogenes while histone deacetylation in TSG. Coll...
Abu ul Hassan Faiz1,*, Fakhar-i-Abbas2, Mehboob ul Hassan3 and Lariab Zahra Faiz1
...y scheduled ecofriendly approach was needed to control this infestation to prevent significant loss of maize production.

 

...
Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Abdul Majid Khan2*, Ayesha Iqbal2, Amtur Rafeh2, Muhammad Tahir Waseem2 and Muhammad Ameen2
...ypoplasia is caused by suppressed function of enamel forming cells called ameloblasts. It is used as a reliable stress marker in different extinct mammalian taxa to trace out the level of ecological stress faced by these animals during their life histories. We have studied this defect in three extinct Siwalik tragulid species including; Dorcabune anthracotherioides, Dorcatherium majus and Dorcatherium minus. To assess habitat stability for...

Roshan Ali1, Afsar Ali2, Shamsher Ali2, Muhammad Arshad Khan3*, Haroon Shahzad3, Noman Latif3, Muhammad Waheed4, Ashraf Khan5 and Murad Ali6 

...ess this, issue several approaches are under consideration. Nutrient application/addition is one of the best known and adopted strategies. A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Institute (ARI) Mingora Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in summer 2016 aiming the effect of silicon fertilizer applied to acidic soil on yield of paddy as paddy is mostly affected through lodging in Swat valley. The treatments consisted of control, 50 kg silicon ha-1, 100 kg...
Nazir Ahmad Khan1,*, Mudassir Alam1, Rafiullah khan1, Kamran Khan2 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3
...200 and QPM300 hybrids, approved by Pakistan maize variety evaluation committee in January 2017, were provided by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Pakistan. The content of CP was higher in QPM300 (10.8% dry matter (DM)) and QPM200 (9.12% DM) than the CM (7.78% DM). Moreover, QPM200 and QPM300 had higher contents (% of DM) of methionine (0.20-0.24 vs. 0.12), threonine (0.43-0.69 vs. 0.17), and tryptophan (0.07 each vs....
Honghua Wang1,2, Summia Perveen1,2, Shucheng Shao1,2, Kun Wang1,2 and Fei Yin1,2,*
... using a bioinformatics approach. The results showed that 3,472 proteins were identified with a theoretical molecular weight of 11.53–610.90 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.13–11.77. A total of 63.07% or 50.09% proteins were annotated by Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) or Gene Ontology (GO) terms, respectively. These results highlight that mass material is transported and catabolised and growth- and death-related proteins are high...
Umm-i-Habiba1,*, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Nida Zia1Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Mehwish Sharif6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
...ailed and more systemic approaches to study IBDV distribution for the implementation of effective control measures.
...

Jawad Ali*, Ibad Ullah Jan and Hidayat Ullah 

... study was conducted to appraise the Selenium (Se) role in improving the drought tolerance in okra. Drought stress (three days (control), six days (mild stress) and nine days (severe stress)) and four doses of Se (0, 1, 2, and 3 mg L−1) were imposed after 30 days of sowing. Our outcomes showed that drought stress decreases the number of leaves, plant height, number of branches, stem dry weight, root dry weight, fruit diameter, number of fruit per plant a...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1,3, Hussain Ali1, Ejaz Ur Rehman1 and 
Muhammad Ali Nawaz1, 2*
...es on a sustainable use approach, as limited animals are harvested to generate economic revenues for poor mountain communities, which in turn protects the entire population and associated ecosystem from illegal massive hunting. The present study successfully tested CMR method, and produced reliable and accurate estimate of the population, which could help in determining sustainable trophy quota.
...

Muhammad Sohail1*, Imtiaz Hussain2, Maqsood Qamar2, Sikander Khan Tanveer2, Syed Haider Abbas2, Zeshan Ali1 and Muhammad Imtiaz3 

...03, NR-409, NR-421 (now approved wheat variety in the name of Zincol-2016), Galaxy and NARC-2011 maintained low crop canopy temperature during grain filling period showed lower spike sterility and produced higher grain yields. The genotypes with higher canopy temperature during grain filling period showed higher spike sterility which is linked to lower grain yield. The wheat genotypes identified with better climatic adaptability are potentially useful sources ...

Muhammad Asim1*, Asghari Bano2, Sikander Khan Tanveer3 and Muhammad Umair Aslam

...conditions coupled with appropriate crop management strategy. The best match of this genotype × environment × management production paradigm could lead to sustained improvement in wheat grain yield. 

...

Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2,*, Saiqa Andleeb1, Abdul Rauf1,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,3, Sadia Idrees4, Faisal Farooq1,3, Faiq Nawaz Khan3,4, Muhammad Saad-ul-Hassan1,3, Raja Awais Mumtaz1,3, Saba Khalid1, Zaheem Ashraf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2 and Fazal-ur-Rehman5

... transfusion.
...

Muhammad Israr1*, Helen Ross2, Shakeel Ahmad3, Nafess Ahmad4 and Urooba Pervaiz5

...sion, and participatory approaches as measuring strategies for farm poverty. This study was designed to develop a new methodological framework to measure multidimensional poverty that builds on the previous index for measuring three dimensions of poverty at the micro level, and a method to calculate the extent of poverty by using the Alkire and Foster model. The expanded dimensions of multidimensional poverty identified are wealth status, participation/empower...

Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2*, Muhammad Ajmal2, Taj Ali Khan2, Zia Ul Haq2, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak2 and Abdul Malik2 

...d lowest (87.99%). When appraised for discharge variation under variable head, S3 discharge variation was not significant (2%) whereas S8 had the highest discharge variation of 38%. Overall the distribution uniformity of tested emitters ranged from 83.84% to 96.67%. Based on the outcome of this study it is suggested that drip emitters should be tested before adoption to ensure uniformity of water application. 

...

Gulfam Hassan1*, Ijaz Ashraf2, Muhammad Qavi Irshad3, Shafiq-ur-Rehman Zia2 and Muhammad Idrees

...trainings equipped with appropriate literature and skilled trainers for the enhanced awareness. 

...

Faisal Azeem Abbassi1, Atta Ullah2, Muhammad Saim Hashmi1, Khadim Hussain1* and Nasim Akhter1 

...tudy recommends to take appropriate steps to reduce pressure on natural resources, to make further investment in human capital to enable people entering into more rewarding livelihood strategies and to educate households to use remittance money for job creating activities to enhance employment opportunities and to augment household income. 

...
Tanveer Ahmad1, Tariq Mehmood1, Muhammad Shahid1, Adnan Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Asim Raza Basra1, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman3* and Munawar Ali Munawar1
...n in the drugs used to suppress the higher level of blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus.
...
Elmas Ulutaş1,*, Abdullah Eryavuz2, Aziz Bülbül2, Abdur Rahman3,*, İsmail Küçükkurt4 and Cangir Uyarlar5
...hs of age, and weighing approximately 35 kg were divided into four groups as: control group (C) fed with basal diet containing 31.76 ppm Zn, experimental group 1 fed with basal diet supplemented with 500 ppm Zn, experimental group 2 fed with basal diet supplemented with 750 ppm Zn and experimental group 3 fed with basal diet supplemented with 1000 ppm zinc sulphate. The investigation was started after 15 days of adaptation period and lasted for 30 days. On day...

Dilawar Khan1*, Arif Ullah2, Zainab Bibi1, Ihsan Ullah1, Muhammad Zulfiqar4 and Zafir Ullah Khan

...dy used the Box Jenkins approach and forecast was made up to the period 2029-30. The order of ARIMA model was identified using autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF). Suitable model for area and production of guava are ARIMA (0,0,0) and ARIMA (1,1,0) respectively. The projected area of guava for the forecasted period is 61.37 thousand hectares each year. Area of guava shows a static trend throughout the forecasted period. Th...

Malak Atiq Ullah Khan1*, Fida Mohammad2, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Sheraz Ahmad2, Mian Ahmad Raza1 and Tariq Kamal

...an. Graphical stability approaches such as AMMI and GGE provided almost similar results for identifying the high-yielding and stable wheat genotypes. The AMMI analysis identified G-58 and G-79, whereas GGE biplot identidified G-79 as the most stable and high yielding genotype. Numerical stability parameters like Eberhart and Russell’s model and Francis coefficient of variation (CV) declared G-79 as top-ranked genotype while Shukla stability value (&sigma...

Saba1, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Waqar Khalid2* and Saifullah Khan

... A multi-stage sampling approach was adopted to choose a random sample of 110 women farmers from the union council of village Shewa, and a well-structured questionnaire was designed to accumulate the primary dataset from rural women through face to face interviews. A women’s participation index was designed to compute the degree of women’s involvement, and a multiple linear regression model was proposed to measure factors influencing women’s ...

Mudassar Rashid1, Zuhair Husnain2, Usman Shakoor1* and Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain

...und testing econometric approach was employed to gauge the empirical estimates. The outcomes of cointegration shows that all climate variables have statistically substantial effect on cotton productivity in Pakistan. Both rain-fall and maximum temperature have positive effects while minimum temperature has negative effects on cotton production. Furthermore, both fertilizer and area have positive impact on cotton production. long run cointegrating relationship ...

Stanley Uchenna Onwudike* and Vivian Chizoba Edoziem 

...thin these roots zones, appropriate agronomic management practices such as crop rotation, mixed cropping and shifting cultivation is recommended for sustainable phosphorus management in the studied soil. 

...
Abdul Kabir¹, Amjad Hussian Mirani¹, Jam Kashif1, Shumaila Manzoor2, Abdullah Iqbal3*, Ihsan Ullah Khan4 and Muhammad Abubakar2
Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1 and Sohail Abbas2
...e larval population by suppressing the egg laying of adults. Maximum adult catches were recorded during the month of July with 9.36/night having positive and significant correlation with temperature.
...
Ahmet Ozer Sehirli1,2, Serkan Sayiner3*, Ayliz Velioglu-Ogunc4, Nedime Serakinci5, Emel Eksioglu-Demiralp6, Berrak Yegen7, Feriha Ercan8 andGoksel Sener2
...ts and could be a novel approach for the treatment of CRF when used in combination with anti-oxidants.
...
Babar Khan1,2 *, Nazir Javed1, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1, Muhammad Atiq1, Abdul Jabbar1, Abdul Rehman3, Anam Moosa1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*
...l control candidate to suppress the larval populations of a number of Lepidopteran insects in the soil.
...
Sumaira Akram1, Sajid Aleem Khan1*, Nazir Javed1 and Saeed Ahmad2
...l agents and chemicals suppressed the disease and enhanced plant height and root weight. All treatments evaluated in this study exhibited suppression of MG. Therefore, these treatments can be used in combination against MG infestation on wheat.
...

Muhammad Asif Farooq1*, Muhammad Jalal Arif1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi1, Bilal Atta2 and Ahmad Nawaz

...nd environment-friendly approach to managing pests. The present study was conducted at different locations in the Multan District, Punjab Province, Pakistan for two consecutive years 2016-17 to devised four IPM modules (PRMM-1, PRMM-2, PRMM-3, and PRMM-4) for mango to evaluate their impact on insect pests, pesticide residues and yield in mangoes. The modules were based on a combination of different IPM tactics to suppress th...

Muhammad Zeeshan Nazar*, Ayyan Umer, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar, Faiz Ullah Faiz and Sikandar Hussain 

...ature and humidity with appropriate hygienic condition to B. mori are advised to produce healthy silk. 

...
Yan-Guo Han, Jia-Yuan Wu, Ri-Su Na, Wei-Jiang Si, Yu-Qin Han, Yan Zeng, Yong-Ju Zhao and Yong-Fu Huang*
...esponse, significantly suppressed testosterone secretion and reduced scrotal circumference and testis weight. It also significantly reduced the concentrations of 4-methyloctanoic acid and 4-methylnonanoic acid in adipose tissue. These findings indicated that immunisation of oral and plasmid-injected KISS1 DNA vaccines can effectively suppress testosterone secretion, testis growth and mutton odour, and the novel oral <...

Rehman Ali Keerio1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui2, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Maryum Siddiqui4, Hajra Khan3 and Farheen Deeba Soomro

... are Zn deficient. Such approaches could contribute to optimizing current fertilization strategies and can help in improving sunflower production. 

...

Nadia Mangrio1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Nihaluddin Mari3 and Zia-ul-Hassan Shah2

...sugarcane were affected appreciably (P<0.05) by Zn and B as judged to check plots. Zn at 15 kg ha-1 (soil applied) resulted in enhanced traits particularly cane yield (111.9 t ha-1), brix (23.1%), and plant nutrients content such as N (2.4 %), K (0.7 %), Zn (68.5 ug g-1) and B (31.7 ug g-1). Similarly, foliar application of B at 0.1 % produced highest attributes specifically cane yield (107.4 t ha-1), brix (21.9%), and plant nutrients content i.e. N (2.3 %)...

Jie Yang

...-16 promoted apoptosis suppressing breakpoint cluster 2 through phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase. The study validates miR-16 as a tumour suppressor gene in papillary thyroid cancer cells, and revealed a novel mechanism of miR-16-mediated apoptosis through extracellular-regulated kinase pathway.
...

Amjad Ali1*, Lal Almas2, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Hina Fatima3 and Asim Khan1  

...ing Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA), mean technical efficiency of sugarcane crop in KP was around 70 percent ranging from minimum 53 to maximum possible efficient level of 98 percent. Results of study indicate that on average with same technology and resource base, yield of sugarcane can be increased by about 28% in order to reach the efficient fellow growers of sugarcane crop. Around 48.49% of the selected growers were below the mean technical efficiency l...

Khalid Khan* and Guo Xiangyu 

... applied the stochastic approach of Cobb-Douglas production function to evaluate the technical efficiency of rice production in Nasirabad, Balochistan. The results of the study vetoed all the hypotheses of technical efficiency. The results indicate that 42 percent of the rice producers are technically efficient and have significant potential for technical efficient rice production. Therefore, there is a great potential to increase the per acre productivity of ...

Fazal Haq*, Asia Parveen, Safdar Hussain and Arshad Hussain 

...e method of research is approached. The growers of the major crops were the targeted population and random sampling technique is used to select the sample. Self made questionnaires, filled through interviewed process from the random selected farmers were used as a tool for collecting primary data. The raw data is tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The analyzed data is used to develop the mathematical model. Simplex method is applied to find the opti...
Sana Khan1, Raheela Taj1, Noor Rehman2, Asad Ullah3, Imad Khan3 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3,*
...y used drugs, and hence appropriate usage of antibiotics must be ensured to avoid further dissemination.
...
Fermín López-Uriostegui1, Jesus T. Ponce-Palafox2*, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso1, María R. Castañeda-Chávez1, Itzel Galaviz-Villa1, Sergio Castillo-Vargasmachuca2 and Arturo Ruiz Luna3
...ntained 25 prawns in an approximately 100-L water capacity tank. The experimental design was factorial with three repetitions per treatment. Prawns were fed (commercial shrimp feed with 35% protein, 12% lipid) daily at a ratio of 10% body weight, twice a day (10:00 and 18:00 h). The optimal growth intervals were from 26 to 29°C and from 3 to 11‰ of salinity, and survival was at 23 to 29°C and 0 to 5‰. The greatest effect of the temperatur...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Raza1*, Waqas Wakil2,3, Imtiaz Hussain4 and Misbah Iqbal Qamar

...th resistance inducers suppressed disease development by 54.1% and 67.4%, for SA and BABA, respectively, 5 days after pathogen inoculation. Numbers and size of lesions per plant was reduced by application of SA and BABA. Plants treated with BABA exhibited increased resistance against herbivory by aphids (Myzus persicae Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphidiae), thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Al...

Shah Nawaz Khuhro1*, Irshad Ali Junejo1, Muhammad Haroon Hullio1, Sultan Ahmed Maitlo2, Javeed Shabir Daar3 and Shahjahan Rajput

...egrated pest management approach to prevent problems from increase of whitefly population in the brinjal crop. Further is suggested that these traps are extremely not expensive and simple they can be posted by any unqualified labor. 

...

Filza Fatima Rizvi1*, Waqar khan2, Syed Mohsin Raza Kazmi3 and Muhammad Umer

...pose which gives a more appropriate, simple and effective representation of results and User-friendly software for linear modeling. The simulation showed 99 % accurate results as the actual readings, e.g. the actual flow rate calculated at the field was 274 GPM while the designed value was 276.76 GPM. The designed total dynamic head was 110.34 feet, while the actual in the field was 108 feet. Through linear modeling, we can get our desired results very quickly...

Wajiha Anum1*, Liaquat Ali1, Umair Riaz2*, Abid Ali1, Nadia Manzoor3, Laal Hussain Akhter4, Asad Ur Rahman5, Naeem Maan6 and Ijaz Ahmad

...riment was conducted to appraise the effect of various P placement methods and fertilizer rates on wheat. The fertilizer treatments were F1=150-00-60 NPK kilogram/hectare, F2=150-30-60 NPK kilogram/hectare, F3=150-60-60 NPK kilogram/hectare, F4=150-90-60 NPK kilogram/hectare, F5=150-120-60 NPK kilogram/hectare. While the placement methods were M1=Line sowing + Band application of phosphorus, M2=Line sowing +Broadcast application of Phosphorus at sowing, M3=Lin...

Ghani Akbar*, Muhammad Asif, Zafar Islam and Shahid Hameed 

... is aimed to illustrate appropriate installation and management of furrow bed irrigation method for enhancing decision support on farms. Pakistan is a major irrigated agricultural country with more than 90% of crop production coming from irrigated areas. Irrigation water available at farm gates either from surface or groundwater resources are more precious, thus demands a more efficient use. However, unfortunately more than 50% of this water is lost due to poo...
Neelam Pery*, Nayab Batool Rizvi, Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq
...b’, the first FDA approved Janus kinase inhibitor, invaded the market. The success of ‘Tofacitinib’ has switched on the myriad efforts for more efficacious and safe inhibitors. Here we report the in-Silico development of novel 1, 7-dihydrodipyrrolo[2,3-b:3’,2’-e]pyridine -3-carboxamide derivatives as JAK3 inhibitors with predicted efficacy more than that of Tofacitinib. Although the dipyrrolopyridine analogues have already ...
Majeeda Rasheed1*, Tanveer Akhtar1, Nadia Mukhtar2, Muhammad Furqan Shahid2, Muhammad Imran3, Saima Yaqub2
Hina Nazli, Abida Butt*
...oth insecticides caused approximately 50% mortality in the population of O. javanus. Toxicity data showed that these insecticides are slightly harmful ( caused < 80% mortality) towards studied spider. Insecticide residues of different ages were used to evaluate the residual toxicity of both insecticides. Mortality in exposed spiders decreased with the increased age of the residues. The results of both assays showed that male spiders were more suscept...

Md. Al-Amin Tan1, Mst. Antora Akter1, Md. Sabuj Rahman1, Marzia Rahman2 and Md. Mahmudul Alam1* 

...infection (SSI) is an inappropriate surgical site preparation that leads to postoperative complications. Although preoperative skin preparation is a standard surgical practice to prevent SSI, the choice of skin disinfectants and methods of skin preparation is still aberrant in veterinary practice. The study was, thus, conducted to standardize pre-surgical skin preparation with various formulations of Chlorhexidine gluconate, Chlorxylenol, and Povidone-iodine (...

Hasaan Aziz*, Fariha Altaaf, Attia Bashir, Abdul Basit, Syed Anam Masood Gardazi and Farah Haider 

...l in Pakistan to devise appropriate diagnostics and control strategies is yet to be known. Despite the use of modified live vaccine to dogs, occurrence of disease is not uncommon. Here, we sequenced and phylogenetically analysed the complete hemagglutinin gene of CDV from a male dog (14 months old) exhibiting clinically suggestive symptoms. With a characteristic amino acid residue for dog at Y549, sequence analysis showed geographically distinct pattern cluste...

M. Hammouchi1*, G. Sebbar1, N. Touil2, C. Loutfi1, Y.S. Malik3, M. El-Harrak1 and O. Fassi-Fehri4 

...e, with mortality rates approaching 100%, contrary to local breeds which were less susceptible to the disease. In the present study, animals of local breed of Moroccan sheep (Timahdid) were experimentally infected using the protocol previously validated for Alpine goats. The infected animals showed mild or no clinical signs of disease, with low levels of viral RNA detectable in swabs and fecal samples taken at the peak of infection. The transmission of the dis...

 Salman Khan, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali and Murtaza

...on function was used to approximate effect of determinants on potato yield. Major shares of the input cost per acre incurred in the study area were seed (Rs. 18720), followed by land rent (Rs.15890) and labors having an estimated cost of Rs. 14965 respectively. The analysis showed that on average per acre yield of potato was recorded as 4,953.35 kg with net revenue of Rs. 28,261.89. The results of the Cobb-Douglas type production function revealed that the coe...

U. A. Al-Karim, A. A. Alshimaysawe, A. E. Mohammed† , W. A. R. Aljaafri and F. A. Al-Fadhal

Evaluation of biological seed treatments for management of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton
... and Burkholderia sp., suppressed the numbers of R. reniformis eggs significantly. Seeds treated with Abamectin and bacteria had fewer vermiform adults in the soil in comparison with the non-treated seeds. The bacteria and Burkholderia spp., seeds treatments drastically suppressed the number of eggs isolated from cotton roots compared with the non-treated control. Abamectin also inhibited the number of vermiform life-stages ...

A. S. M. El-Nuby1† , S. A. Montasser2 and I. A. El-Khadrawy

Control of root-knot nematodes using wild plants colonized Sinai, Egypt
....0%), while the lowest suppressor was C. monacantha (60.4%) at stock concentration. The addition of extracts as soil drench was better than spraying them. The stock solution showed the highest reduction in nematode reproduction but the differences between 100% and 75% concentrations were non-significant. Our finding offers a non-poisonous tool that can insert in combating nematode programs especially for small-holder growers colonized Sinai Peninsula.

...

Muhammad Amjad*1, Abdur Rafai1, Saeed Badshah1, Rafi Ullah Khan1, Sajjad Ahmad1 

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE REAL LIFE LOADINGS ON THE TI-27NB HIP BONE IMPLANT
...e. The stress level was approximately equal to the strength of Ti-27Nb in 100 Kg,
stand up position case. 

...

Riaz Muhammad1*, Naseer Ahmeda, Abdul Basit2, Rizwan Alim Mufti2 

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, HARDNESS AND LOAD-INDENTATION DEPTH RESPONSE OF TI-64 USING VICKERS INDENTATION TECHNIQUE
...es which have made them appropriate
for aerospace, chemical, and biomedical industries services. Preeminent strength-to-density ratio, reduced
density, incomparable corrosion resistance and tremendous properties at elevated temperature are the main attribute
of titanium alloys. These alloys also exhibit low modulus of elasticity, making it ideal for spring, body implant,
dental fixtures and different sports equipment. Ti-64 accounti...

Rashid Nawaz*1, Iftikhar Hussain1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1 

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE CEMENT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN USING ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
...n requires a scientific approach of
identifying and prioritization of KPIs. The cement industries are confronted with challenges to implement sustainable
manufacturing processes. The data gathered through questionnaire distributed among 213 respondents representing
24 cement plants were analyzed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The proposed KPIs are supposed to
assist the decision makers in achieving environmental sustainab...

Mujahid Khan1*, Mohammad Tufail2, Muhammad Fahad1, Hazi Muhammad Azmathullah3, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam1, Fayaz Ahmad Khan4, Asif Khan5 

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR PATTERN
...design of bridge piers, appropriate investigation of scouring patterns is extremely
important for various sizes and shapes of such piers. Without having research based knowledge of such patterns,
it becomes extremely difficult to predict/minimize the scouring effects ultimately leading to severe pier damages. In
this research study, experimental investigation is carried out to find the scouring patterns in terms of scour depth
and i...

Zeeshan Al Hameed1, Junaid Saleem2*, Syed Sajid Hussain1, Ahsan Abdul Ghani2, Hira Lal2 

STUDY OF INDIGENOUS FLUORSPAR AS METALLURGICAL FLUX
...us amount of Fluorspar. Approximately 1 million ton reservoir
of Fluorspar was reported previously and is mostly exploitable. Also, around one third of its usage is in the form
of metallurgical flux, a key slag fluidizer in steel industry as it increases the fluidity of slag in the ladle furnace.
However, it needs to undergo beneficiation process to get it concentrated before being added into the furnace. In this
study, we report, f...

 M. Ihsan Ul Haq1, Ahmad Hussain2*, Farzana Yasmeen3, Shafiq R. Qureshi4

LIFE CYCLE COSTING AND PAYBACK PERIOD EVALUATION OF A SOLAR THERMAL DESALINATION SYSTEM
...ne water is a prominent approach to handle the problem of water scarcity. Conventional desalination technologies
cause economic and environmental problems due to their dependency upon fossil fuels. Solar flash desalination
is one of the best desalination techniques in the developing stages. Solar energy, passive vacuum and recovery of
latent heat of condensation make this system a sustainable option for desalination. In this paper, economi...

Naseem Ahmad1, Sahar Noor1, Rehman Akhtar1*, Misbah Ullah1, Khizar Azam2 

PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF COMPRESSOR TO RECOVER FLARE GAS USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT TECHNIQUES
...and
the proposed approach of the performance parameters guide to cost effective taking out the low pressure flare gas
minimizes harmful environmental impacts and achieve financial benefits. 

...

Rafiullah Khan1, Sakhi Jan1*, Muhammad Amjad1, Saeed Badshah1, Sajjad Ahmad1 

CRACK CLOSURE AND FIBRE BRIDGING CONTRIBUTION IN THE STRESS-RATIO EFFECT ON DELAMINATION GROWTH UNDER FATIGUE
...was characterized using approach of strain energy release rate. The results of the experiments
of fatigue delamination growth with bridging fibres and un-bridged fibres have been compared for different
fatigue stress-ratios. The results show that crack closure only occurs at lower stress ratios. Fibre bridging does not
affect the stress ratio however the crack rate was decreased in this case. 

...

 Waqas Javaid1*, Adnan Tariq1, Iftikhar Hussain2, Sahar Noor2

AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH FOR CMS DESIGN
..., a number of efficient approaches have been developed by researchers to handle
the Cell Formation Problem (CFP). Among these, a large number of approaches consist of Artificial Intelligence
(AI) based techniques. The main advantage of such approaches is their ability to handle the CFP effectively both in
terms of accuracy and computational effort. Following the same t...

Razaullah1*, Iftikhar Hussain1 

A TWO-WAREHOUSE SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION WITH CROSS-ROUTE COSTS AND BUDGET, MAXIMUM FLOW AND CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
...er, a systematic
approach is presented for the facility placement, optimal production planning and product transportation across
network arcs. An optimization formulation is developed for the determination of production size, locations of network
nodes and optimal supply chain. The objective function considered the minimization of transportation cost, production
cost and the operational costs for the facilities. The incorporation of...

Misbah Ullah1, Rehman Akhtar1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1, Khawar Naeem1 and Khizar Azam2 

FACTORS IDENTIFICATION FOR COAL BRIQUETTES MANUFACTURING USING STATISTICAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN APPROACH
... provides a statistical approach towards manufacturing of coal briquettes in Northern Province of Pakistan.
Binder composition, pressure, particle size, and coal type are analyzed for higher calorific value and compressive
strength simultaneously. Experiments are conducted in order to obtain the response of desired variables for the given
three levels of each factor. Full factorial design approach with a...

Muhammad Ibrahim1, ShahidMaqsood1, Rafiullah Khan2, Muhammad Amjad2, SakhiJaan2 

OPTIMIZATION OF GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING PARAMETERS ON PENETRATION DEPTH AND BEAD WIDTH USING TAGUCHI METHOD
...al to noise (S/N) ratio approach. Significant factors have been
determined through analysis of variance approach. The results showed that the penetration depth and bead width
were increased with increase in current and decrease with increase in torch speed. It was concluded that the arc
current is the significant factor for both the response parameters while torch angle is significant only for bead width...

Muneeb Abrar1, Shabbir Majeed Chaudhry2 

DESIGN OF A LOW NOISE, LOW POWER AND SPURIOUS FREE PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR AND CHARGE PUMP FOR PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS
... presents a very simple approach to design effective PFD (Phase Frequency Detector) and charge pump
(CP)circuitsfor high frequency Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) applications. ThePFD design uses only six transistors for
the detection process, which reduces the chip area and power consumption of the PLL block. It also minimizes the
dead zone and eliminates the reset path to reduce the delay. The output is passed through a buffer to su

Muhammad Masood Tahir1, Ayyaz Hussain2, Saeed Badshah3, Qaisar Javaid2 

RULE-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF BEARING FAULTS USING CENTRAL TENDENCY OF TIME DOMAIN FEATURES
...cessed statistically to approximate its reliable
central values (CVs) against the respective faults. In this way, every feature provides a set of CVs, which are
equal in number to that of faults. Separating distances among normalized CVs (NCVs) in a set provide the criteria
to select or discard that particular feature before further processing. The selected sets of NCVs are finally used as
references to generate rule-set for testing...

Asif Ali Khan*, Laiq Hassan*, Salim Ullah* 

OPEN MP-BASED PARALLEL AND SCALABLE GENETIC SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT
...namic programming based approaches
are available for sequence alignment. Smith-Waterman (SW), an exact algorithm for local alignment, is the most
accurate of them all. However, the space and time complexity of the SW algorithm is quadratic. It is imperative to
use parallelism and distributed computing techniques in order to speed up this process. In this paper, we discuss and
evaluate an OpenMP based implementation of SW algorithm. ...

Hassan Nasir*, Rashid Rehan,** Rizwan Younis,*** Fazal Mabood,**** Salman Saeed,**, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam** 

MACHINERY SELECTION FOR DEMOLITION AND RECYCLING OF PAVEMENTS: A SIMULATION-BASED TOOL
...eet configuration. This approach is obviously subjective and prone
to inefficient utilization of resources. Computer-based tools, such as simulation models, have the potential to greatly
benefit the construction mangers in their routine tasks. This paper presents a unique simulation tool based on the
system dynamics methodology to help the construction manager in investigating the cost and duration implications of
various combinatio...

Imran Shehzad1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Sher Muhammad2 and Ghulam Murtaza

...istan. Around the globe approximately, 800-million-hectare area is salt affected and it is estimated that up to middle of 21st century, 50 % of the arable land all over the world will be destroyed due to salinization problem. Use of canal water is the only strategy where saline and good quality waters are used in a cyclic manner for leaching down the salts that accumulated during irrigation with saline water. In this manner, salt accumulation does not rise bey...

Muhammad Asad Ali, Mirza Jahanzaib, Muhammad Ahsan Ul Haq 

ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF SQUEEZE CASTING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF OVERCAST AL-ALLOY JOINT USING RSM
...ill provide efficacious approach to develop advance functional and structural materials. 

...

Azra1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Dilawar Khan1

Factors Influencing Inflation and Economic Growth in Pakistan: An Econometric Analysis
...stic tests revealed the appropriateness and soundness of the inflation and economic growth models. Parameters stability was examined for two periods (1991 and 2002). CPI showed stability in both periods but GDP did not demonstrate in the second period.

...

Ihsan Rabbi*, Sehat Ullah**, Aftab Alam**

MARKER BASED TRACKING IN AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS USING ARTOOLKIT: A CASE STUDY
...echnique is widely used approach to track the video
camera pose. In this paper, we present an analysis of marker-based tracking using ARToolKit. We investigate the
effect of marker size, distance between markers and camera, the speed of marker with respect to camera, relationship
between marker size and distance, the brightness and contrast level of a camera on tracking a single marker.
Experiments were conducted...

 Nasimullah*, Muhammad Irfan Khattak**, Muhammad Shafi**, Gulzar Ahmad**

A TUTORIAL ON ADAPTIVE ROBUST POSITION CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING FUZZY LOGIC COMPENSATION
...fuzzy system is used to approximate nonlinear friction and external disturbance.
Assuming that system state matrixes are known, model based robust controller is formulated using sliding mode
control method. Adaptive fuzzy system formulated using Lyapunov function. The proposed controller is derived for
DC motor position control system and numerical simulations are presented to verify its effectiveness.
...

 Asif Ali Khan*, Nasru Minallah*, Shahbaz Khan**

ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SUPERVISED CLASSIFIERS FOR CROP IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION USING MULTI-SPECTRAL IMAGERY
...mely Maximum Likelihood approach, Neural Network and Minimum Distance Classifier have
been used to classify the imagery. Training data for classifiers has been collected through multiple field surveys using
GPS receivers. The results obtained clearly show that the performance of maximum-likelihood classifier is better than
the other considered counterparts. Also it is indicated that the newly developed system offer an effici...

 Muhammad Asad Ali 1*, Mirza Jahanzaib1, Muhammad Ahsan Ul Haq1

ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF SQUEEZE CASTING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF OVERCAST ALUMINIUM-ALLOY JOINT USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
...ill provide efficacious approach to develop advance
functional and structural materials.
...

 Muhammad Khurram Ali*, Raft Javed Qureshi**, Mirza Jahanzaib***

SELECTING FACILITY LOCATION USING HYBRID METHODOLOGIES IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: A CASE OF CEMENT PLANT
...cision and selecting an appropriate optimization methodology,- compatible to the said problem. This paper addresses a real world case study of the problem of selecting a country best suitable for a new cement plant installation among the list offour al...

 Syed Asif Ali Shah*, Iftikhar Hussain*

PERFORMANCE OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN AND ITS COMPETITIVENESS CAUSE AND REMEDY
...i manufacturing sectors approach.

...

Muhammad Waseem*, Irshad Ahmad**, Rawid Khan**, Bashir Alam**, Khan Shahzada**, Muhammad Javed**

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOIL SLOPE IN SWABI, PAKISTAN
...nditions. Pseudo-static approach was used for the seismic stability analysis. The peak ground acceleration value for stability analysis was obtained from the seismic hazard analysis. Two soil slope conditions were considered, and one was found in critical condition. Retaining wall, Soil nails and ground anchors were assumed in the analysis for stability of slope with critical condition. Peak ground acceleration value of 0.235 g is determined with site specific...

Azam Khan*, Irshad Ahmad**

IN-PLACE ANALYSIS OF JACKET OFFSHORE STRUCTURE UNDER STORM CONDITIONS
...el the whole structure. Appropriate dead load, live loads and quasi-static action of 100 yr storm have been applied to the structure. The structure-pile interaction analysis has been performed using SPLINTER, a component of the ANSYS ASAS program suite. The platform is subjected to design action, i.e combination of permanent and variable actions, and the basic Integrity checks including member strength, stability and hydrostatic collapse have been pe...

Muhammad Naeem*, Sohail Asghar**

A REVIEW OF FEATURE SELECTION TECHNIQUES IN STRUCTURE LEARNING
...mputationally efficient approach among eleven evaluators. This analysis is useful in inducing better structure from the given dataset in imparting improved performance metric for Bayesian belief network.
...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1

An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...re. It is an integrated approach to farming compared with existing monoculture approach. It passes on to an agricultural system that integrates crop production and livestock. IFS helps small scale farmers to increase cash income, improve quality and quantity of food produced by methodical exploitation of resources. Purpose of the study was to assess the awareness of the farmers to determine the impact of integrated farming s...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1

An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...re. It is an integrated approach to farming compared with existing monoculture approach. It passes on to an agricultural system that integrates crop production and livestock. IFS helps small scale farmers to increase cash income, improve quality and quantity of food produced by methodical exploitation of resources. Purpose of the study was to assess the awareness of the farmers to determine the impact of integrated farming s...

Saba Iqbal1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Hafiz Muhammad Nasrullah1, Asmat Ullah1 and Hafiz Muhammad Akram2

Response of Cotton to Application of Organic and Inorganic Source of Nutrients in Semi-Arid Climate
...smart and an economical approach to get maximum output in existing agricultural production systems. Unselective use of organic manures is often used in the agriculture to improve soil health but it cannot significantly increase yield. Application of organic and inorganic source of nutrients can uplift the economics of existing cotton based production systems by improving soil health and reducing the cost of inorganic nutrients per unit area. This study was exe...

Abroon Jamal Qazi*, Afzal Khan*, Muhammad Tahir Khan*, Muhammad Ali Kamran* and Khizar Azam*

A NOVEL APPLICATION OF PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE IN SEMI-ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM CONTROL
...esults in evaluation of appropriate gains that result in superior performance of the designed system. The models are compared on the basis of suspension displacement and tire displacement for ascertaining ride comfort and road handling attributes respectively.
...

Mehreen Ijaz

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF MULTIFILAMENT SILK AND VICRYL SUTURES USED IN SURGERY
...rmed decision for their appropriate use in surgery. This study was aimed at determining and comparing the tensile strength of sutures made with silk and vicryl materials in straight and knot pull. An experimental study was conducted. Samples of sutures made with silk and vicryl used for surgery were collected from various pharmaceutical companies of Lahore. These were evaluated for their tensile strength by using DX Instron tester with two configurat...

Behram Khan1, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Said Qasim3, Atta-ur Rahman4

ANALYSIS OF HUMAN PERCEPTIONS AND ADAPTATIONS TO FLASH FLOODS IN KHYBER AGENCY, FATA
...tionnaire which covered approximately 20% of the total households. Respondents’ perceptions were investigated about the occurrence of flash floods, flood damages, nature of affinity towards flood prone areas and adaptation strategies. Cartographic and statistical techniques were applied to process and analyze the data. As a result, the data were analytically discussed and presented in the form of tables, maps and plates. The analysis reveals that people ...

 Muhammad Shahzad1, Arif Iqbal Umar1, Syed Hamad Shirazi1, Muhammad Tariq Pervez2*, Zakir Khan1, Waqas Yousaf1

HCDP: HEPATITIS C DATA BANK OF PAKISTAN
...dly all over the world. Approximately 5 online databases are available related to Hepatitis C virus. All these databases mainly concerned their national level/specific demographic region strains for analysis. No HCV database available to find the HCV prevalence and distribution in Pakistan. We proposed a Hepatitis C virus database for Pakistani community, Hepatitis C Data Bank of Pakistan (HCDP). HCDP will be the first database that will holds H...

 Nashitah Alwaz1, Safdar Raza1*, Sadaqat Ali1

A COMMUNICATION-FREE SIGNAL GENERATING TECHNIQUE FOR REACTIVE POWER CORRECTION IN ISLANDED MICROGRID
...s are normally used for appropriate power sharing. However, these control techniques suffer badly due to the feeder impedances and uncontrollable power coupling issues. Many techniques have been proposed to share power accurately, most of them rely on communication
link. In this work a localized/communication free signal generating mechanism is proposed. The mechanism injects the transient reactive power ...

Shakir Azim1*, Sahar Noor1, Rehman Akhtar1, Qazi Salman Khalid1, Tufail Habib1, Usman Ghani2

SETTING OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AND EFFECT OF MOULD QUALITY ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PHARMACEUTICAL CUP OF POLYPROPYLENE
... of the molded items. Inappropriate or unseemly settings of parameters normally create quality and production issues. Minute changes of significant molding parameters may give an extensive effect to the plastic product’s characteristics and this research paper is also anticipated to lend a hand to the optimization of parameters of vertical plastic injection molding process. In this study, the plastic product has been fabricated using a mou...

 Asad Naeem Shah1,2, GE Yun-shan1, HE Chao1,3

MACROSCOPIC SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL AND BIODIESEL-DIESEL BLEND: AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON
... test fuels revealed an appreciable relative difference in terms of their ‘β’.
...

Adnan Tariq,1 Iftikhar Hussain,2 Abdul Ghafoor,3 Sahar Noor2

AN EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM FOR JOB-SHOP SCHEDULING
... in this paper a hybrid approach, primarily based on Genetic Algorithm (GA), is presented to handle the problem of scheduling job-shop that consists of m number of machines and n number of jobs. This approach is actually a combination of a Local Search Heuristic (LSH) with standard GA and optimizes the value of makespan. Computational experience, that includes some case studies and a number of problems fr...

Farah Mahmood1, Mohammad Inayatullah Babar1, Syed Waqar Shah1, Hamid Ullah1, Riaz Akbar Syed1

GPS ASSISTED HANDOFF IN OVERLAPPING IPv6 WLAN WITH MULTIPLE CoA
...per we present a unique approach for handoff when mobile node moves into a foreign network. We have utilized GPS (Global Positioning System) for gathering location information and multiple care of addresses handoff assistance.
...

 Faizullah Mahar1, Syed Saad Azhar Ali1, Abid Karim1

DESIGN OF FIXED ORDER ROBUST CONTROLLER USING H∞ -NORM AND EVOLUTIONARY TECHNIQUES: COMPARISONS AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
...iveness of the proposed approach, resulting controller parameters are evaluated for performance analysis via extensive simulations. Simulation results and performance comparisons demonstrate the efficiency of proposed approaches.
...

 Adnan Ali Khan,* and Shahrukh Khalid**

CAPACITY ESTIMATION OF SIMO SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE
...is paper presents a new approach for evaluating the performance of single-input multiple-output (SIMO) cellular mobile communication systems in interference limited environment. The performance is analyzed by calculating the ergodic capacity and hence the spectral efficiency for Rayleigh fading SIMO channel in the presence of unequal power Rayleigh fading co-channel interferes. Expressions for evaluating system’s capacity using maximu...

 Usman Ali Naeem*, Hashim Nisar*, Habib-ur-Rehman** and Naeem Ejaz*

DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD DISCHARGE MODELS USING GIS
...ver of the country. The approximate length of the river is 3180 kilometers and its drainage area exceeds 1165000 km2. Having in view the worth of Indus River and its socio economic implication on Pakistan it was planned to carry out research work on upstream of Terbela from Kachura. The intended approaches of this work were to generate empirical equations based on hydrologic model on a particular reach of...

Rafi Javed Qureshi* and Iftikhar Hussain**

INTERNATIONALIZING MANUFACTURING SMEs IN A DEVELOPING REGION: AN EXHAUSTIVE CDA-BASED EXPLORATORY APPROACH
...i-method and exhaustive approach is necessary to explore the adequacy of factors in question. The three methods relevant to categorical data analysis (CDA) in this paper highlights the enabling role of the exploratory factors in understanding the relationship with SME’s exporting. Categorical regression overcomes the limitations of both contingency table method and binary logistic regression in exploring this relationship, and provide...

Rashidullah*, Irshad Ahmad**

SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS OF ISLAMABAD
... and probabilistic approach. Earthquake catalogue compiled by National Engineering Services Pakistan (NESPAK) for the period of (1505-2006) has been used. All Quaternary faults in the vicinity of Islamabad have been considered for deterministic hazard analysis. Seismic zoning map of NESPAK has been utilized in the research. Earthquake catalogue contains total of 11,149 events. Earthquake events of moment magnitude (Mw>4.0) are taken...
Samet Hasan Abaci1,*, Hasan Onder1, Mustafa Sahin2 and Esra Yavuz3
...g lactation curves with appropriate and precise equations are of great importance for obtaining estimates. Lactation curves have different tendencies in different breeds. To examine the tendencies and differences Jersey (J), Brown Swiss (BS) and Holstein Friesian (HF) breeds which are commonly raised in Turkey were used in this study. This study aimed to statistically determine the optimal position and number of knots in cubic spline regression used for modeli...
Kadir Karakuş1, Turgut Aygün2, Şenol Çelik3, Mohammad Masood Tariq4*, Muhammad Ali4, Majed Rafeeq4 and Farhat Abbas Bukhari4
...austive CHAID, and CART approaches in terms of R2, Adj. R2, RMSE, SD ratio, MAPE and AIC provided effective alternatives for forecasting live weight of lambs. Purpose of MARS algorithm having very high predictive precision in the prediction of LW from body features may put onward a new view point for 39 lambs breeders.
...

Parakriti Gupta1, Kapil Goyal2 and Mini Pritam Singh3*

Hepatitis E Virus and Zoonosis
..., HEV is known to cause approximately 20 million infections per annum with a mortality of 44,000. The virus is endemic in developing nations and the outbreaks occur mainly in the post monsoon season when the drinking water gets contaminated with sewage. However, the mode of acquisition of infection is different in developed nations with good sanitary conditions where the infection is a zoonosis. Though the virus has only one serotype, 8 genotypes have been doc...

Sikander Hiyat1, Nazim Hussain1, Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani2*, Muhammad Nasir Abbas2, Smana Raza3, Javed Shabbir Dar4 and Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir5 

...be a viable alternative approach for successful cotton production. 

...

Ghulam Murtaza1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Ashraf Malik2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad3 

... by statistix 8.1 ANOVA approach along with Tukey’s test (HSD) at probability level of 5% for comparing treatments significance.  

...

Muhammad Usama Hameed*, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani, Sajjad Khan and Allah Bakhsh 

...y;">PARC oat is a newly approved lodging-resistant, late-maturing, and high-yielding fodder oats variety developed at Fodder and Forage Research Program, National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. This variety was selected from material imported from New Zealand for better agronomic characters and improved fodder yield. For initial two years (2006-07 and 2007-08) selections were made, and head-to-row method was used to reduce hetrozygosi...

Zakeer Ahmed Khan Abbasi* and Allah Nawaz 

...ing communities to take appropriate measures to mitigate the negative consequences of this phenomenon but the responses are not necessarily identical in scale and forms . In developed countries, climate change awareness is much advanced therefore, their climate change adaptations are also far better than those employed by farmers in the developing countries like Pakistan. The climate change awareness obviously determines the nature, quality and strength of cli...
Mahak Fatima1, Memoona Syed1, Rabia Zeeshan2, Farah Rauf Shakoori3, Naveed Shahzad4, Moazzam Ali1 and Zeeshan Mutahir1*
...rotein was knockdown to approximately 77% in the transfected sample and resulted in a 1.75-fold increase in sensitivity of MCF7-R cells to gemcitabine. Moreover, higher expression of p21 protein was also observed in transfected MCF7-R cells that may indicate induced cell death. This study highlights the effect of MTH1 gene silencing in drug-resistant cancer cells as a mean to improve combined therapies for targeting drug-resistant cancers.
...
Ayesha Noreen1, Amina Elahi1, Dilara Abbas Bukhari2 and Abdul Rehman1*

 

...1S, showed two bands of approximately 14 and 70 kDa, which had their possible role in arsenite oxidation. This was confirmed by transforming E. coli DH5α with plasmid DNA of B. cereus 3.1S. This arsenite resistant bacterial strain oxidized 76 and 86.5% As3+ from the original industrial wastewater after 3 and 6 days of incubation, respectively. This bacterially treated wastewater, when used for plant growth, revealed an improved g...
Shagufta Parveen1*, Kousar Perveen1, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Amir Gilani2, Muhammad Musadaq3
...ter-spacing: -0.1px;">Inappropriate weaning practices in infancy can lead to malnutrition that may have long-lasting impacts on health of the child. The objective of this study was to find out association of malnutrition in infants with the age at which weaning was started. This is an observational, cross-sectional study which was conducted in the Pediatric Medicine Department of DHQ Hospital, Chakwal, Pakistan from January 2020 to February 2020. All infants t...

Muhammad Riaz Gondal1,2*, Aqib Riaz4, Sultan Ahmad Rizvi2, Bushra Zulfiqar2, Waqas Naseem2, Humara Umar3, Ahmad Hussain1 and Mazher Iqbal

...dinafop and Puma super suppressed the grassy weeds only for 10-15 days during 2018 and remained unresponsive during 2019. With the reduction of weeds significant increase in fodder yield was recorded. Thus, Glyphosate and Paraquat at two dose levels i.e., 1.5 and 2.0 L ha-1 significantly increased the fodder yield to the tune of 189.38, 210.99 t ha-1 and 188.08, 188.94 t ha-1 respectively. Hence, the investigation lead to the conclusion that Glyphosate and Par...

Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Abdul Rasul Naseem1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Muhammad Khalid2, Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich3 and Muhammad Arif

...nts is a very effective approach to enhance crop productivity and restoring the deteriorated properties of salt-affected soils. For addressing this objective, a study was undertaken to investigate the ameliorative effect of humic acid (HA) with gypsum on rice-wheat crops under saline-sodic condition (ECe = 4.71 dS m-1, SAR = 31.82, pHs = 9.10). Different combinations of gypsum and humic acid tested were: T1 - control, T2 - gypsum @ 100 % GR, T3 - gypsum @ 75 %...
Zengwen Huang1,2, WuReliHazi Hazihan2*, Baheti Bodai2, Kadyken Rizabek3, Nuralieva Ulzhan3, Omarova Karlygash4, Juan Zhang1 and Yaling Gu1*
... long and translates to approximately 40 KDa protein. Q-PCR analysis showed that the plasmid pGenesil 10-3p-siRNA could interfere with the expression of INHα in granulosa cells to an efficiency of 83%, which was also confirmed through western Blot assay.This study successfully constructed the eukaryotic expression plasmid pGenesil 10-3p-siRNA, and confirmed that the plasmid interfered significantly with the expression of INHα gene in YM sheep. Our ...
Huma Abbas1*, Nazir Javed1,Muhammad Kamran2, Sajid Aleem Khan1Hira Abbas3, Ehetisham-ul-Haq2, Abdul Jabbar1, Mehwish Naz1 and Ihsan Ullah4
... nematode. Significant suppression in nematode population was observed in all the tested chemicals when applied in infested microplots. The results of the present investigation suggest suitable management option for the growers having nematode problem in their field.
...

Amir Afzal, Muhammad Ijaz and Sayed Rashad Ali Shah*

Determination of Suitable Growth Stage for Application of Fungicide against Stripe Rust in Wheat
...f suitable fungicide at appropriate growth stage. For this, an experiment was conducted to investigate proper growth stage for application of fungicide to control stripe rust in wheat. Sowings at various dates was done to attain various growth stages at once. Two genotypes 16C038 and cv. Ihsan 2016 were selected for study. Difenoconazole 25% was treated @ 0.3 ml/L of water using Knapsack sprayer. Data regarding yield and yield parameters were recorded and anal...

Khalil Ahmed1*, Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Abdul Rasul Naseem1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Muhammad Khalid2, Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich3 and Muhammad Arif4

Use of Hyacinth Compost in Salt-Affected Soils
...work was carried out to appraise the efficacy of water hyacinth compost as an ameliorant for improving the deteriorated properties of saline-sodic soil. Treatments included were; T1, control, T2, gypsum @ 100 % GR, T3, gypsum @ 50 % of GR, T4, hyacinth compost @ 15 t ha-1, T5, gypsum @ 50 % of GR + hyacinth compost @ 5 t ha-1, T6, gypsum @ 50 % of GR + hyacinth compost @ 10 t ha-1, T7, gypsum @ 50 % of GR + hyacinth compost @ 15 t ha-1. At start of study, soil...

Kanwar Muhammad Raheel Mehboob1, Rashid Iqbal2*, Muhammad Israr3,4, Jaweria Shamshad5, Umair Riaz6, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman7,8, Fawad Ali9, Arif Nawaz10, Maliha Sarfraz11, Abdul Waheed12, Muhammad Tahir Khan13 and Muhammad Aslam2

 

Assessment of the Consequences of Heat Changes on Cotton Cultivars Growth, Phenology and Yield at Different Sowing Regimes
.... Hence, information on appropriate temperature for best yield is significant so as to get maximum production. In current examination, a field test was directed to evaluate the phenology, relative development, ideal sowing time, comparative growth just as yield execution of three cultivars of Bacillus thuringiensis Cotton (Bt. Cotton) at different sowing systems during summer 2015 at cotton research station Regional Agriculture Research Institute Bahawalpur (R...

Muhammad Jawad1*, Shahid Riaz Malik1, Rana Muhammad Atif2, Haris Ahmed2 and Muhammad Shahzad Afzal3

Species Identification of Gram Wilt Complex through ITS Region by PCR-RFLP Analysis
...rium species. Molecular approach is a useful technique for the identification of wilt complex pathogens. The study conducted to identify the polygenetic association of the pathogens of chickpea wilt complex. Universal Rice Primers based diversity analysis indicates high polymorphism within the collected wilt isolates. Primers ITS 1 and ITS 4 generated internal transcribed spacer fragments that were restricted four restriction enzymes (HhaeI, MboI, BsuRI, HinfI...
Arif Alam1*, Faridullah2, Ikram Shah1, Shahzad Khan3, Noor Elahi1 and Ehsan Inamullah1
Estimation of Farm Level Technical Efficiency in Maize Production at the High Mountain North Region of Pakistan
...ier 4.1, because of its appropriateness in efficiency related assessments. Result shows that the factors of low yields of different peasants were due to inefficiency. The overall average technical efficiency of maize farmers was estimated 73.6%. It was inferred that the productivity can be enhanced by reducing the inefficiency from the ecological factors, peasants’ personal characteristics and farming conditions.

...

Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2

An Empirical Analysis of Economic Efficiency and Farm Size of Cotton Farmers
...ing Stochastic Frontier Approach of district Rahim Yar Khan Punjab, Pakistan. Empirical findings of the study indicated that medium farm size cotton farmers were more allocative, technically and economically efficient (0.90, 0.94, 0.85) rather than small farm farmers (0.79, 0.92, 0.76) and large farm farmers (0.70, 0.97, 0.68). Farmers schooling years, formal credit access, own tubewell availability, adequate extension access and sowing cotton crop timely were...

Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1, Yonis Abukar Mohamed2, Osman Sheikh Ali Jama3, Pravin Mishra4* and Mohamed Idiris Mohamed5 

Prevalence and Major Pathogens Associated with Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Benadir Region of Somalia
...mentation of integrated approaches has great importance in the study sites for the avoidance and management of mastitis hence minimizing economic loss and prevents significant public health risks.

...
Huma Abbas1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2, Muhammad Kamran3, Muhammad Umar Shahbaz3*, Haseeb Ullah Kamber1, Nazir Javed1, Muhammad Junaid1, Hira Abbas4 and Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq3
Evaluation of Advanced Mung Bean Germplasm against Cercospora Leaf Spot and its In-vitro Management by Different Fungicides
...des is a cost-effective approach. The present study was aimed to find the resistant germplasm against the disease and to evaluate the relative efficacy of different fungicides against the C. canesens in lab conditions. Twenty varieties/lines were screened against Cercospora Leaf Spot disease in field conditions. No line/ variety was found immune and only one line (16051) was resistant against this disease. Five different fungicides Cymoxanil 8% + Mancozeb 64% ...

Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas1, Farrukh Ilahi1 and Muhammad Asif1

Fiber Quality Studies with Respect to Different Cotton Insect Pests using Multivariate Analysis
...ne effective management approaches, additional work can be performed to recognize the impact of pests species on fiber quality by controlling certain pests.

...

Muhammad Imran1,2*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Amer Rasul3

Brown Leaf Spot: An Exacerbated Embryonic Disease of Rice: A Review
...ed different management approaches to cope the emerging threat of this disease for food security in future.

...

Md. Sahidur Rahman

Origin and Spillover of Coronaviruses: Prospects of One Health Action
...umstances, a One Health approach is crucial to implement multisectoral collaborative action among physicians, veterinarians, wildlife experts, epidemiologists, environmental scientists, and microbiologists to curb the COVID-19. One health encourages joint disease surveillance by establishing laboratory networks and regulating proper biosafety, biosecurity, and risk communication to facilitate strong disease prevention and control strategy by which we could pre...
Bushra Ismail Khan1, Shamim Akhter1, Sanwal Aslam2* and Rabea Ejaz1
...6 motile sperm ml approximately at 37°C in Tris-citric acid extender supplemented with different concentrations of PVP (0.01, 0.05, 0.1mM). The extender without PVP was kept as control. Semen was stored at 4°C for a period of 2 h and kept at 4°C for 4h. Semen was filled in 0.5 ml French straws using suction pump at 4°C, plunged and stored in liquid nitrogen (-196°C). Semen straws were rewarmed at 37°C for 30 seconds and assessed f...
Asmat Ullah1,2, Shahid Iqbal1,2 and Furhan Iqbal2*
...reated male albino mice approached old object A (P = 0.04) and spend more time with object A (P = 0.05) as compared to control group. Open filed, light dark test and probe trial of Morris water maze test performances remain unaffected in both genders (P > 0.05) when compared between 300 mg/ml solvent/Kg body weight of Bauhinia variegata’s leaf extract treated and untreated albino mice of both genders. We concluded that applied dose of Bauhin...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Dorcas Yilger Gotom1, Noble Allison Chiehiura1, Julius Ocheme Okojokwu1, David Ochola Amanyi2, John Otumala Egbere1, Joshua Adetunji1, Otobo Innocent Ujah3 and Onyemocho Audu4

The Seroprevalence of Zika Virus Infection among HIV Positive and HIV Negative Pregnant Women in Jos, Nigeria
...tenatal clinic. Ethical approval was obtained and approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the hospital. Detection of ZIKV IgG antibodies was done using a commercial sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to qualitatively analyze Human Zika virus IgG (ZV-IgG) in human serum. A total of 90 pregnant women was recruited, and the overall seroprevalence was (14.4%) for Zika virus (20.0% HIV positive and...
Abida Parveen1, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Nazir Javed1, Anam Moosa1*, Khushboo Javaid1, Hina Safdar1 and Asma Safdar2
...nation was assessed to suppress the reproduction and development of MI. Highly susceptible variety of tomato cv. ‘Money Maker’ was tested for the invasion and development of MI. Aqueous and ethanolic MO extracts were tested in combination with SK at three different concentrations and time intervals. After 12-h ‘S’ concentration of aqueous MOextract + ethanolic MO extract + SK produced 100% juvenile mortality while the treatment MO + SK ...
Muhammad Ilyas1,2*, Imran Khan2*, Muhammad Umer Chattha2, Muhammad Umair Hassan2, Muhammad Zain3, Wajid Farhad4, Sana Ullah1, Ateeq Shah5, Safeer Ahmed6, Bismillah Khan1 and Muhammad Adeel1
Evaluating the Effect of Zinc Application Methods on Growth and Yield of Wheat Cultivars
...n) can be an imperative approach to improve the growth and productivity of wheat crop under semi-arid regions.

...

Muhammad Tariq-Khan1*, Syed Zanib Ali Gardazi1, Abu Daud Ahmad Khan1, Muhammad Ilyas2 and Ishaq Ahmad3,4

Virulence and Distribution Trends of Root-Knot Nematode (RKN) Fauna on Summer Vegetables in District Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)
...ientists to develop new approaches for sustainable yield.

...
MA Liman1, QI Yongxiao1, Wang Wenji2* and Zhong Qianyi3*
...zebrafish. We observed suppression effect of angiogenesis by G-Rh2 in inhibiting intersegmental vessel formation from 30 to 84.85 μM in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR revealed that G-Rh2 suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) mRNA expression but not mRNA expression of its receptors (flt1, kdr). Western blot further confirmed that G-Rh2 treatment resulted in...
Samreen Khan, Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasira Kazi, Salma Javed* and Shahina Fayyaz
Description of Aphelenchoides acacia n. sp. and Aphelenchoides naurangiensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) with Observation on Aphelenchoides saprophilus Franklin, 1957 from District Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ticle weakly annulated, approximately 1µm apart in mid body region with transverse striae. Lateral field with four incisures; stylet 11-13 µm long having small basal thickening at the base; tail ventrally curved J-shaped; terminus with very tiny smooth mucro (1µm). Aphelenchoides naurangiensis n. sp. belongs to Group 1 of Aphelenchoides species and is characterized by small body length 406-492 µm; cephalic region clearly offset from res...
Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Amjad Islam Aqib2*, Ambreen Ashar3Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Muhammad Shoaib4Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1 and Shagufta Nighat5
...is knowledge, treatment approach, and therapeutic drug use were significantly (p<0.05) associated with rise in S. aureus in dairy milk. All the tested isolates were found 100% resistant to Cefotaxime, Fusidic acid, and Ampicillin while 60-80% of these isolates were found sensitive to Cefoxitin, Gentamicin, Trimethoprim + Sulphamethoxazole, and Oxytetracycline. Except Trimethoprim + Sulphamethoxazole, non-significant differences (p>0....
Neelam Pery1*, Fatima Ijaz1, Nayab Batool Rizvi1, Munawar Ali Munawar1 and Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq2*
... derivatives which show appreciable dual inhibition in enzyme assays. To our knowledge, this is the first-ever report on dual JAK3/BTK inhibitors.
...

Faiqah Ramzan1,2,*, Irfan Zia Qureshi2 and Muhammad Haris Ramzan3

...speptin administration suppresses gonadotropin and testosterone release and spermatogenesis. Intraperitoneal kisspeptin administration was carried out in 05 weeks old prepubertal male Sprague Dawley rats, twice daily for 12 days, at three different dosage regimens: 10ρg, 1ηg and 1µg compared to control (saline-treated) rats. Effects on pituitary gonadotropins [Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)], secretion of testoste...

 Amna Arshad Bajwa1, Saher Islam1, Muhmmad Imran1, Karman Ashraf2, Arman Khan1, Muhammad Farhan Khan3, Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1Waseem Ahmad Khan4 and Wasim Shehzad1*

...h non-invasive sampling approaches such as faeces, would be valuable. In the present study a set of molecular markers was developed exploiting the AMLx/y gene to assess gender of Punjab urial population in Kala Bagh, using faecal samples as the DNA source. In our study, among 92 urial samples, 54 (58.69%) were identified as female samples, 34 (36.95%) were recognized as males while for remaining 4 (4.34%) samples there was no amplification, resulting in their ...

Agustine Christela Melviana1, Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Maizirwan Mel3, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani4 and Juris Burlakovs5

Gene Expression Related to Steviol Glycoside Synthesis Produced in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Shoot Culture Induced with High Far-Red LED Light in TIS RITA® Bioreactor System
...nt of stevia biomass in approximately a short period. The forming of flowers is one of the limiting factors interfering with the metabolite production, as the content of steviol glycoside will decrease after plant flowering dramatically. This mechanism happened because steviol glycoside synthesis and flowering process share the same precursor. However, this interfering factor could be inhibited by using a high-red LED induction  to delay the flowering sta...
Mumtazur Rahman1, Farhan Anwar Khan1,*,Umar Sadique1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Faisal Ahmad1,2, Hayatullah Khan1,3, Muhammad Saeed1, Faiz Ur Rehman1, Ibrar Hussain1, M. Faraz Khan1, M. Izhar ul Haque1 and Hanif-ur-Rehman1,3

...obials in animals are inappropriately using and resultantly leading to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) including mycoplasmas, which are causing serious infections in ruminants. Since the growth curve of our local strain and its susceptibility to commonly using antimicrobials is unknown. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the growth curve and susceptibility of Mccp against commercially available quinolones in Pakistan by broth microdilution method. Quin...

Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1 and Nawab Khan3

Self-perceived Constraints of Extension Field Staff Affecting their Working Efficiency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...wa, is advised to adopt appropriate measures to address these constraints of EFS in order to enable them to efficiently deliver their services.

...
Adeen Kiran1, Umar Farooq Gohar1*, Ayesha Farooq1, Malik Muhammad Asif2 and Hamid Mukhtar1
Redressal of Antibiotic Resistance using Plant Extracts
... different experimental approaches highlighted the importance of phytochemicals present in plants and its ability to kill these pathogens and microbial inability to develop resistance against these pathogens. Therefore, the trend has been shifting from using synthetic or semi-synthetic antibiotics to the use of medicinal plants which are the part and parcel of traditional medicines. Thus, this review article explains the different mechanisms adopted by microbi...

Ghulam Rabbani1, Uzma Javed1*, Javed Iqbal2, Ruqeah Mustafa3, Ghulam Shabbir2 and Fida Hassan Shah4

Barani Mash a Newly Developed Disease Resistant and High Yielding Mash Cultivar for Rainfed Areas of Punjab, Pakistan
...er yield, this line was approved with name of “Barani Mash” by the Punjab Seed Council for its cultivation on commercial level in rainfed areas of Punjab. “Barani Mash” will prove to be a good alternative of existing cultivars and cultivation of this cultivar would help to increase the productivity and income of mash growers in Barani tract.

...

Ali Zohaib1*, Habib Ullah2, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Tahira Tabassum2, Muzzammil Hussain1, Mohsin Nawaz3, Ghulam Abbas4 and Sohail Irshad5

Effect of NPK Fertilization Strategies on Growth, Yield, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economic Benefits of Relay Intercropped Wheat in Cotton
...N at tillering was most appropriate option.

...
Muhammad Saeed Shah1, Fazal Nasir2, Sana Ul Haq1 and Muhammad Tahir Khan2*
...ns the stimulation and suppression of an antibody in response to an antigen. Clonal selection theory represents how immune cells mutate and proliferate into memory cells. The methodology presented in this paper is autonomous and de-centralized. In the proposed system, the robots work effectively to complete a task either alone or co-operatively. Specifically, the coordination and communication among various robots are established based on the concept of immune...

Mehreen Ijaz

Effect of Weave Type on Tensile Strength of Cotton Fabrics
...to choose the right and appropriate type of construction technique for various functional purposes. Because it plays an important role in determining the performance behavior of finished fabric. Weaving is one of the commonly used technique and different types of weaves have different effects on mechanical and physical properties of fabrics. The study was experimental in nature. It was aimed at investigating the effect of weave type on tensile strength of cott...

Zohaib Ahmad Hassan1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Usman Saleem3, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz4, Khurshid Ahmad Mufti5 and Aamer Sattar2

Toxic Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on Growth and Yield of Rice
.... This trial was led to appraise the toxic consequences of NaHCO3 on growth as well as rice yield parameters. Various levels of NaHCO3 or Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) were developed in the normal soil. This experiment comprised of 7 treatments that were repeated three times according to Completely Randomized Design (CRD). These treatments included; T1= Control, T2= 15 SAR, T3= 20 SAR, T4= 25 SAR, T5= 30 SAR, T6= 35 SAR and T7= 40 SAR. Subsequently NaHCO3 was ...

Hafiz Muhammad Wasim1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Sher Muhammad3, Usman Saleem4, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz5 and Aamer Sattar2

Impact of NaCl Toxicity on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa) Grown in Aridisol
...salt. Soil was left for appropriate period for accomplishment of salinity. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used for layout of the experiment. Transplantation of seedlings was performed in all pots. Application of mineral fertilizers at recommended rates was done. Crop was grown till maturity and then data gathering concerning yield related parameters was carried out and statistical analysis was performed. It was observed from the results that addition o...
Minghao Gong1*, Shiliang Pang2, Zhongyan Gao2, Wanyu Wen1, Ling Zhang3, Gang Liu1, Huixin Li1, Fawen Qian4 and Wenfeng Wang2
...ments needed to protect appropriate areas that ensure the RCC’s long-term survival. Based on monitored data of nesting locations and climate variables gathered from 2014 to 2017 around Zhalong Reserve on the Songnen Plain in northeast China, we used four General Circulation Models in Maxent modeling to project changes, including suitability and fragmentation, in RCC breeding habitat up to the year 2050. Based on climate change, we predicted a decline in ...
Ayesha Alam1,* and Labeeb Ali2
...dling sewage water have approximately 1% chance of becoming infected with virus. Treated sewage effluent and reuse of sewage water for recycle purposes must be considered as it may lead to widespread of COVID 19 in coming decade. Thus, a qualitative risk assessment and disinfection of water supplies based on reported infection rates suggested that viruses in treated and untreated sewage effluents may pose the most risk. This risk assessment and a limite...
Qianbao Wang, Zhengyang Huang, Shoufeng Li, Huayun Huang, Chunmiao Li and Zhenhua Zhao*
...="font-size: small;">An appropriate dietary quantity level is considered to be important in controlling body weight and improving semen quantity and quality in broiler breeder males. A total of 60 F line broiler breeder males from 20 maternal families were averagely distributed into three groups received treatments of 135.5, 125.5 and 115.5 g/d diet respectively with ME 2770 kcal/kg and CP 15.4% from 23 wk of age. Fertility trials were conducted in another thr...

Muhammad Shahid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1 and Kashif Razzaq3

Application of Nanotechnology for Insect Pests Management: A Review
...e physical and chemical approaches are most widely used for the synthesis of nanoparticles but actually they are detrimental for the environment and human health. The emphasis of this review article is to critic the potential of nanotechnology for insect pest management. Various metals i.e. Zinc (Zn), Titanium (Ti), Silver (Ag) and Zirconium (Zr) are used for nanoparticles synthesis by using green synthesis approach. The pre...

Shishir Sharma* and Laxmi Prasad Joshi

Current Insights on Stemphylium Blight of Lentil with its Management Strategies
...ated disease management approaches along with Omics and weather prediction tools may be crucial in avoiding severe SB outbreaks. A comprehensive review article discusses the morphological as well as molecular dimension of pathogens, their effects, pathogenicity, integrated disease management approaches, and future views.

...

Muhammad Riaz Gondal1*, Sultan Ahmad Rizvi1, Aaqib Riaz2, Waqas Naseem1, Ghulam Muhammad1, Mazher Iqbal3, Humara Umer3 and Inam ul Haq3

Apposite Sowing Techniques to Optimize Productivity and Profitability of Berseem
...arried out to select an appropriate sowing technique for optimization of fodder and seed yield as well as to maximize the net return. The experiment was conducted using five sowing techniques viz., broadcast, different row sowing with spacing of 15 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm and 60 cm. Sowing was done during first week of October during each year using seed of new berseem cultivar “Punjab Berseem” at rate of 20 kg ha-1. All fodder parameters of each of four ...

Hafiz Muhammad Wasim1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz3, Abid Niaz2, Khurshid Ahmad Mufti4 and Muhammad Arif2

Deleterious Impact of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Toxicity on Chemical Properties of Soil and Ionic Composition of Rice
...salt. Soil was left for appropriate period (30 days) for the accomplishment of salinity. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used for layout of the experiment. Transplantation of seedlings was performed in all pots. Application of mineral fertilizers @ recommended rates was done. Crop was grown till maturity and plant samples were collected from each pot for chemical analysis (Na and K). Soil samples were also collected from all treatment pots and subjected...

Muhammad Umair Hassan1, Muhammad Aamer1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Abdul Rehman3, Talha Aslam3, Ubaid Afzal4, Bilal Ahmad Shahzad3, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub5, Faryal Ahmed1, Ma Qiaoying1, Su Qitao1 and Huang Guoqin1*

Agronomic Bio-Fortification of Wheat to Combat Zinc Deficiency in Developing Countries
...tion) bio-fortification approaches are important ones to increase Zn concentration in wheat grains up to desirable levels. The genetic techniques are costly, and sustainable, however, they are long term and requires large breeding activities and resources. Conversely, agronomic techniques appear to be short term, quick and economic solution to increase the Zn contents to meet human needs. The application of Zn as foliar sprays, seed priming, soil application a...

Hillary M.O. Otieno

A Review of White Mango Scale (Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead; Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Sub-Saharan Africa: Distribution, Impact and Management Strategies
...ment are also applied inappropriately. This review is therefore essential in providing the basis of identification of A. tubercularis. It also provides management strategies that could be adopted by mango farmers in the region. Last, it highlights key research themes worth prioritizing for better understanding and management of the pest in the region.
...
Ghulam Sarwar1, Amna Nazir1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Eram Shahzadi2 and Abid Mahmood3
...ful genetic improvement approaches. Correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analyses were performed to estimate genetic diversity in 25 cotton genotypes. Correlation analysis revealed that days to first square, flower and boll opening were positively associated with seed cotton yield. Staple length and CLCuV % were negatively associated with fiber fineness and yield respectively. In principal component analysis, four out of 14 principal com...
Muhammad Muhsin1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha3,Sadia Khan4, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal5, Muhammad Zubair Amin6, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub7, Usman Anwar8, Muhammad Umair Hassan1 and Muhammad Umer Chattha1*
 
 
...rowth. Seed size has an appreciable potential to improve stand establishment, growth, and yield under late sowing conditions. Therefore, the present study was performed to assess the impact of diverse seed sizes (SS) on the growth and yield of wheat crop under late sowing conditions. The study was comprised of different sowing dates (SD), SD1: 15th December, SD2: and 30th December and different seed size classes i.e....

Mansoor Qadir1*, Yousaf Khan2, Shahid Khan3, Djamaleddine Djeldjli3 and Muhanned Ismael Ibrahim Al Firas4

...ed in terms of Gaussian Approximation analysis and simulation through OptiSystem. It is observed that the proposed 2D-DZ based OCDMA system supports data rate of up to 2 Gbps for relatively large number of subscribers and extended reach in comparison with the existing counterparts. 
...
Nasir Rashid1,2*, Javaid Iqbal1,2, Umar Shahbaz Khan1,2, Mohsin Islam Tiwana1,2 and Amir Hamza1,2
...sing feature extraction approach and finally classified into movements using classification techniques. This research article mainly focuses on classification of motor movements recorded in the form of EEG signals of four limb movements. The database used in this study has already ben been utilized by the researchers earlier with different combinations of classification techniques based of feature extraction. The dataset has been recorded at Graz University of...
Abdul Hafeez1*, Akhtar Nawaz Khan2 and Zahid Ullah3
... real-time. Traditional approaches rely on unloading raw data to off line storage and suffer from the trade-off of an insufficiently rigorous sampling rate. Furthermore, the phases leading to useful decision-making often follows pre- and post-processing in a subjective manner, which is tedious, time-consuming and erroneous. An important and an unrealized need of these systems is the real-time answer from the acquired data, which is often multi-dimensional and ...
Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2*, Muhammad Ajmal3, Iftikhar Zeb1,4 and Muhammad Azeem Khan1,5
 
 
Faiz Muhammad Khand1,Allah Bux Kachiwal2, Zubair Ahmed Laghari2, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho1, Pershotam Khattri2, Saeed Ahmed Soomro2, Nazar Ali Korejo2 and Ambreen Leghari1*
...regnancy by transrectal approach. Three parameters crown rump length (CRL), trunk diameter (TD), and uterine diameter(UD)were selected for measurement of gestational age with the weekly interval from 3rd week to 15 weeks of gestation of 12 pregnant teddy goats, all three parameters were significantly (P<0.01) corelated with gestational age. The CRL was strongly positively correlated with gestational age (r2=0.98) followed by the...
Muhammad Ayub1*, Munir Hussain2, Sher Ahmad2, Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi3, Shahid Hussain1, Muhammad Qasim2, Muhammad Din2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4 and Tajudin2
...to develop eco-friendly approach for management of white grub.
...
Wenyou Huang1, Dan Yü1, Song Huang1,2, Jian Xiao2, Ping Qi2, Anhua Song2* and Zhen Huang1*
...the wild type. A simple approach coupling mutagenesis and growth & second metabolites were used to isolate strains with increased stress resistance and virulence. Increased virulence in some of the mutants correlated with increased insecticidal activity in cell-free extracts that could potentially be used directly for insect control. 
...
Wali Muhammad1*, Humayun Javed1, Munir Ahmad1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...ation of the ecological approach through different sowing times might provide its long-term control and safety to the environment. In the present study, effect of four sowing dates was evaluated on the infestation of L. orbonalis on brinjal at two locations in the Pothwar region of Pakistan. The study revealed that sowing dates influenced infestation by brinjal shoot and fruit borer. Shoot infestation significantly varied on brinjal at both locations so...
Iram Liaqat1*, Tahir Hussain1,2, Aisha Waheed Qurashi3, Gulbeena Saleem2Asia Bibi4, Muhammad Fiaz Qamar5,ShaukatAli1 and Ikram-ul-Haq6 
.... Various antimicrobial approaches used to treat gastrointestinal infections are usually ineffective due to biofilm formation. The purpose of this study was to (1) compare biofilm formation of three S. Gallinarum strains isolated from commercial broiler chicken by three different methods i.e., congo red, test tube and air liquid interface coverslip, (2) biofilm quantification at different time intervals and (3) monitor antibiofilm effect of three...
Sheza Shehzadi1, Mohammad Umar Farooq2*, Rukhsana Kausar1, Ijaz Ali1*, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Maqbool Shahbaz4
...s yield is an effective approach in maintaining the fodder quality for animals on the sustainable basis and being bioenergy crop could make it a viable asset in declining the carbon burden off from environment and fulfilling the upcoming energy demands.
 
...
Yuanyuan Zhang1*, Liping Song1, Hui Guo2, Jun Wu1, Xiaoli Wang1 and Fangbin Yao1
... results indicated that appropriate dietary curcumin supplementation could enhance the growth (especially 60 and 120 mg kg-1 curcumin per feed) of common carp and effectively protect the liver against CCl4 induced injury (especially 120 mg kg-1 curcumin per feed) in fish.
...
Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1*, Nadia Mangrio1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Zia-ul-Hassan Shah2, Ghulam Sughra Mangrio3, Nihaluddin Mari4, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1 and Shazia Parveen Tunio5
 
 
...tan is imbalanced and inappropriate. It is very important to use proper doses of balanced fertilizers to exploit the maximum yield potential of cane crop. This study focused on hypothesis that application of suitable planting methods and NPK level play a major role in improving sugarcane yield and quality. Experiment was performed under field conditions at Sugarcane Research Institute, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan (located at 250 25.19 N 680 32.07 E) during 2016-...
Chen Tongde1, Fakher Abbas1, Jiao Juying1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2*, An Shoshan1, Muhammad Ansar3, Qaiser Hussain2, Mah-Noor Azad2 andAyaz Ahmad2
...s rational planning and approval of a large number of construction projects to prevent the intensification of soil erosion and the deterioration of water quality and ecological environment. The research and control on headwater erosion in the gully region should be strengthened to protect farmland and ensure food security. It is recommended that collection of basic data on soil erosion, and study of the mechanism and process of soil erosion at different scales...
Umair Riaz1*, Shazia Iqbal2, Muhammad Irfan Sohail2, Tayyaba Samreen2, Muhammad Ashraf1, Fatima Akmal2, Ayesha Siddiqui3, Ijaz Ahmad4, Muhammad Naveed5, Naveed Iqbal Khan5 and Rao Masood Akhter6
...ves and about 40% newly approved drugs during last two decades are formulated from natural origin. Multitude of socio-economic factors influence economic values of medicinal plants both locally and at international level. The world trade in botanicals is US $ 32.702 billion and Asian botanical trade is for US $ 14.505 billion with 6.634 million tones and accounts for 44.35 per cent and 53.13 per cent of world trade in terms of value and volume, respectively. F...

Uwem E. George1, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo2, Oluseyi A. Olayinka3, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah4, Temitope O.C. Faleye3,5, Bolaji Oluremi6, Arthur O. Oragwa7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel E. Udoh9, Oluwadamilola G. Osasona1,10, Emmanuel Donbraye11, Olufunke P. Adeniji12, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi3,13* and Johnson A. Adeniji3,13,14

...cultivation-independent approach the presence of ARGs in Nigerian Chimpanzees. Findings suggest Nigerian Chimpanzees may constitute a hitherto overlooked source of antibiotic resistance in the environment. These ARGs may have been exchanged with handlers and rural dwellers around the Sanctuary. Surveillance of sympatric human faecal and environmental microbiota and their resistomes at the Wildlife Sanctuary are merited to inform public health interventions and...

Masood Sadiq Butt1, Sadia Aslam1,2, Rizwan Shukat1,*, Syed Qamar Abbas1, Muhammad Issa Khan1, Shadab Shaukat3 and Muhammad Shahid4

...>Fish waste contains an appreciable amount of proteins, enzymes and fats. It was considered as garbage of no financial value and disposed of without any attempt of recovery. The aim of this study was to optimize the hydrolysis conditions for production of protein hydrolysate with enhanced functionality. Minced rohu (Labeo rohita) waste mainly comprising of head, tail, fins and skin was considered as raw material to prepare protein hydrolysate using flav...
Saima Siddiqui1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed 1Abdul Sattar Buriro2, Sohail Ahmad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4 and Muhammad Asam Riaz4*

 

...are used abundantly to suppress the pest population. The use of host-plant resistance is an alternative tool to control cotton insect-pests. The current research was aimed to identify the cotton physio-morphological marker to manage pressure of sucking pests such as jassid (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla Ishida), thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) and whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.) on cotton. To this end, the present research was conducted on vario...
Naveed Ali1, Umar Hayat1*, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Imad Khan1 and Sanam Wagma Khattak2
 

... study utilizes CS-ARDL approach. The results of long-run estimates show that financial development, income, trade openness and human capital are important factors explaining agricultural productivity. Moreover, the study finds an inverted-U shaped nexus between financial development and agriculture productivity. The results of this study have great policy implications for SAARC countries.
...
Saira Batool1, Safdar Ali Shirazi1 and Syed Amer Mahmood2*
 
 
... maps indicate that the approximated total possible soil loss annually of about 92.6 million tons is equivalent to the calculated sediments of 148 tons/ha. Chakwal watershed is acutely facing severe erosion due to its soil characteristics and topography. The outputs generated from this research are a way forward to plan and implement strategies for combating erosion and natural resources protection. It is inevitable to make suitable water harvesting structures...

Naveed Wahid Awan1, Asif Ali Abro2* and Ahmed Raza ul Mustafa3

...993 to 2019. Panel data approach is applied to analyze the data for each province of Pakistan. The results are presented through rank and regression analysis. The rank analysis was done based on crop production, the area cultivated, yield, use of fertilizer, number of tube-wells and their respective prices. It was observed that Punjab province holds tops position with respect to the factors analyzed in the study. In regression analysis, the climatic index was ...

Salma Javed and Samreen Khan*

...pagation rate was noted approximately 2.5x10³ followed by 3.9x10³ on the second week and finely after three weeks incubation period the greatest multiplication rate estimated up to 8.9x10³; however, the same did not appeared on Aspergillus niger and result was found negative. The main purpose of captioned study was to report mass culturing of parasitic Aphelenchus avenae and their relationship and further explore these nematodes under field circ...

Arshad Mehmood Khattak1, Saleem Ullah1*, Farida Anjum2, Hamid U. Shah1 and Sahib Alam1

... the parts contained an appreciable amount of nutrients which along with grains may be utilized in daily diets or any other food formulation.

...

Syed Mazuan, Syed Mohamed, Insyirah Ishak, Dzolkhifli Omar and Norhayu Asib*

...tares’ land size (approximately 350 oil palms) per man day. The study was to evaluate the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole (Altacor® 34.9WG), Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (DiPel® ES), cypermethrin (Hextar Cyper 5.5EC), flubendiamide (Takumi® 20WG) and B. thuringiensis MPOB Bt-1 (Ecobac-1 EC). The insecticides application rate was based on the manufacturer’s recommendation. The bagworms were monitored before treatment and at 3, 7, 15, ...
Sara Sultan Alomran1, Muhammad Nasir Khan Khattak1,2, Amir Ali Khan1,2*, Sallam Hasan Abdallah2, Abeer Maher Fayyad1 and Khalid Bajou1,2
...f iMSC3 with miR-22-3p suppressed adipocyte differentiation as evident by reduction in lipid content and number of lipid droplets. While AKT3 is reported to be a target of miR-22-3p, our study indicated otherwise. Moreover, while miR-22-3p is known to target more than 500 genes, MAPK has not been identified as one of the more than 500 gene targets of miR-22-3p, though this pathway was upregulated in transfected iMSC3 that differentiated to adipocytes. Finally,...

Muhammad Junaid*, Musharaf Ahmad and Saifullah

...ntration) to the soil, suppress the disease more and produced more yield than FYM-treated plants, however, the higher concentration i.e., 10% soil amendments had negative effect. 

...
Fuhua Zhang, Yishuang Yu and Shibao Wu*
...lting in abortion. This approach also helps to conserve male reproductive resources, thereby improving the reproductive efficiency of captive Sunda pangolins. Effective and efficient captive breeding programs are critical for the conservation of Sunda pangolins and other pangolin species.
...
Saba Afzal1, Sohail Raza1,*, Masood Rabbani1, Sehrish Firyal2, Imran Altaf1 and Zahra Naeem1
Rida Haroon Durrani1*, Fareeha Akhtar1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Munazzah Maqbool1, Aleena Kokab1, Kiran Imtiaz2 and Muhammad Ilyas Riaz3
...ious issue which causes approximately 25% food loss globally Present study revealed the effects of storage temperature associated with bacterial spoilage of fish meat. A total 24 samples were procured during three different seasons from local retail shops (n=12) and supermarket (n=12) in order to observe the bacteria which are associated with meat spoilage. Total viable count of aerobic psychrophilic, mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria was performed through ...
Celalettin Gözüaçık1, Ecevit Eyduran2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3*
...ducted to develop a new approach for revealing egg-laying behaviour of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)laying in alfalfa fields at late fall. Totally, the infected 675 alfalfa plants were evaluated with the objective to predict height of eggs laid by the alfalfa weevil at the plant stem from plant height, number of eggs per cluster, number of egg clusters at the plant stem, and location as potential predictors. In t...

Syed Muhammad Aun Naqvi1, Sara Tahir1, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Huma Naz3, Amara Gilani4, Atif Liaqat5

...ful in the selection of appropriately sized fish for human consumption. Further, fish visceral organs (not consumed by humans) can be used in the formulation of nutritionally balanced diets for fish, poultry and livestock.
...

Halil Erhan Eroglu

...of the most widely used approaches in cytotaxonomic studies. The symmetry/asymmetry index (S/AI) is used to determine karyotype asymmetry in higher animals and humans. The formula designed by the number of chromosome types is S/AI = (1 × M) + (2 × SM) + (3 × A) + (4 × T) / 2n. The S/AI value varies from 1.0000 (full symmetric) to 4.0000 (full asymmetric). After a detailed literature review, the chromosomal data of 36 female species and ...
Md. Alal Hossen1, Mohammad Amzad Hossain1*, A.K.M. Munzurul Hasan1,2, Bipresh Das1, Sohel Mian1, Mohammed Mahbub Iqbal1
 
...tabase and conservation approach. The S-GnRHa dose optimization and embryonic-larval development study were conducted in a freshwater condition in order specify optimal dose of synthetic hormones in induced breeding. The synthetic GnRHa was used as induction agent where male injected half of the doses of female and a control without S-GnRHa was assigned. The stages of embryonic development were observed under a photomicroscope. Average fertilization and hatchi...
Tariq Mahmood1*, Luqman Ullah Khan1 and Muhammad Naeem2
...ndian sub-continent has approximately more than 2060 species of birds. In Pakistan, there are more or less 660 bird species belonging to 23 orders and 74 families. The abundance and diversity of avian species in a specific habitat can serve as a useful measure of their ecological status. In response to land use changes, 20-25% of pre-agricultural birds have vanished. In the current study, we documented diversity and abundance of the avifauna occurring at Mangl...

Muhamamd Rizwan1*, Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Kashif3, Aneela Zameer Durrani4, Asghar Abbas5, Tanveer Ahmad6, Muhammad Nadeem7 , Kinza Khan8

... host immune system by suppressing the activity of their immune receptors e.g. TLR. CRISPR Cas system also help bacteria to attach with the host body and replicate with in host body. It can develop antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, enhance their pathogenicity and can survival in host body. 
 
Novelty Statement | CRISPR Cas system is an integral part of prokaryotic immune system that pro...

Habiba ur Rehman, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar and Waqas Raza

...ed to evaluate the most appropriate concentration of two different fungicides against the charcoal rot of sunflower caused by Macrophomin phaseolina under greenhouse conditions. The treatments viz. Success, Nativo and Control with the concentrations of 2, 4 and 6mM were used with three replications under completely randomized design in greenhouse conditions. Nativo had given the most significant results in all studied traits as compared to all other treatments...

Amjed Ali1, Kamran Arooj1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1­, Muhammad Imran1,2, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz3 and Muhammad Fraz Ali4

...="text-align: justify;">Appropriate sowing time is an important aspect that can affect the gowth and yield of any crop. So, a research trial was planned at Research Area, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan to investigate the impect of different sowing dates on growth and yield on mungbean cultivars. The research trial was arranged out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) under split plot arrangement followed by 3 replicas. In this s...

Maqsood Ahmad1, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha2*, Faqir Hussain Anjum3, Sadia Afzal4, Muhammad Faran1, Fiaz Hussain3, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Abdul Jabbar5, Muhammad Sultan Ali Bazmi5, Mahnoor Mehmood6 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

... cultivar also plays an appreciable role in final productivity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of variable sowing dates and cultivars on the growth and productivity of mungbean. The study was conducted in RCBD with a split arrangement having three replications at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. The experiment consisted of different sowing dates (SD); 25th April, 5th May and 15th May and variabl...

Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Sana Majeed1, Muhammad Arshad1, Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Luqman2, Asad Abdullah1 and Muhammad Afzal3

...an environment-friendly approach and have been used in integrated pest management for various insect pests. Here we tested the effect of emamectin benzoate 1.9% EC alone and with botanicals; Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Moringa oleifera L. on the digestibility indices and survival of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The P. hysterophorus extract at 50 mg concentration was comparable to the alone application of emamectin benzoate in ter...
Amreen Zahra1, Mushtaq A. Saleem1*, Hasnain Javed2, Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Naveed1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4
...s by molecular modeling approaches. Mutational analysis in our study revealed S61A, S61M, S61Y, S61G, S61Q and M90L as the most hypervirulent mutations. This induces a selection pressure and a rate of increased virulency on Gag-Pol cleavage sites. These results significantly highlight the fact that the identified SNPs possibly contribute towards a positive selection pressure contributing to the identification of novel mutations like S61A, S61M and M90L at Gag-...

Shahinshah Khan1*, Aijaz Ali Khooharo1, Zaheeruddin Mirani1 and Velo Suthar2

...istage cluster sampling approach. Survey data further revealed that 34% farmers produced their own seed. Regarding source of seed, dealers (96.8%) and neighboring (88.8%) farmers were observed to be the major sources of basic seed for multiplication. However, 36.8% of the farmers reported that seed companies are their exclusive source of  basic seed. Only 14% of the farmers reported that seed was purchased from public sector. Major seed sources of five cr...

Ayaz Ahmed* and Muhammad Zulfiqar

...Joint Forest Management approach had significantly increased the social and natural assets of the participants. In terms of financial asset, odds ratio in favor of ‘NTFPs income’ and ‘employment opportunities’ for JFM sample households were 2.289, 2.501 times respectively more than non-JFM sample households. Trainings imparted by forest department significantly improved the skills, knowledge and leadership abilities of the JFM participa...

Muhammad Sarfraz1*, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi4, Abdul Rasool Naseem1, Sarfraz Hussain1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1 and Muhammad Rizwan1

...ltivation of crops with appropriate management viz. chemicals like gypsum, H2SO4, calcium chloride, sulfur or organic additions like manures, muds, biogas slurry, composts etc. The marginal soils irrigated with saline water have deteriorated physical properties were improved with inorganic and organic amendments. Field studies were conducted at Kot Murad (district Hafizabad) to evaluate the different management practices for saline water in salt affected soils...

Gulnaz Parveen1*, Naila Mukhtar2, Shumaila Irum3 and Nain Bukhari4

...gen is important before appropriate treatment can be made to control the pathogens. Therefore, In the present study, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria, Rhizopus, Mucor, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium moniliforme, Drechslera, Penicillium, and Geotrichum candidum were identified among various vegetables including potato, carrot, okra, eggplant, turnip, cucumber, round gourd, cauliflower, and chilli. These losses re...
Nilgun Dogan1,* and Hakan Adanacioglu2
... beekeeping farms would approach full effectiveness with a potential improvement of at least 10% both in gross production value, number of hives and variable costs. Improvement suggestions for outputs and inputs are directed towards reduction of all variables except gross production value.
...
Rahma Mohamed, Sara Nader, Dalia Hamza and Maha A. Sabry*
...therapeutic and control approaches, further analyses of the main risk factors and the other virulence of these pathogens should be further considered.
...
Ying Yang 1,2,3, Tietao Zhang 1,2,3, Min Rong 1,2,3, JiaPing Xu 1,2,3 and Xiumei Xing 1,2,3*
... It were fed containing approximately 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 or 24% bean oil in the complete dry power respectively. Mink were voluntary feed intake was found to be dependent upon dietary energy content. Body weights were regulated by energy intake tended to increase at first and then decreased as the energy level was increased. The growth rate and voluntary feed intake regression coefficients for energy and the growth responses from weaning to the age of 26 ...

 Ramadan, F. Abbas1;H.M.Salem1; M.H. Belal2, and A. M. M. Abd-Alla3*

...egrated pest management approach.
...

Ain-ul-Abad Syed1*, Zaheer Ahmed Khan1, Shakeel Hussain Chattha1, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh2, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio3, Shahzad Hussain Dahri2 and Ghous Bakhsh Buriro4

... of 9680.00 PKR was the approximate expense of the manually manufactured hydroponic model. The field under geoponic cultivation was maintained equal to the manufactured hydroponic model (4’x 4’). Full-Spectrum Light-emitting diode (LED) grow light was used to meet the plants’ light requirements. The stock solution (a combination of water and nutrients) was used to feed the transplanted plants during hydroponic cultivation. On average, relativ...

Enas K. Abo-Elmagd,Kouka S. Abd El-Wahab,Azza H. El- Salakawy

...nfection is crucial for appropriate patient management and infection control. The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic performance of Lateral flow immuno-chromatography assay (LFICA) as a rapid test for detection of RV antigen in stool specimens collected from Egyptian infants and young children with ELISA, and nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, to study the frequency of RV infection in Egyptian infants and ...

Nelson D. Zambrano1, Wilber Arteaga1, José Velasquez2 and Dorys T. Chirinos1*

...cal treatment, and its suppressive effect on the beneficial entomofauna. Future research should focus on evaluating the selective applications of some insecticides to control A. gossypii and Dysdercus spp. infestations that impact as little as possible on non-target organisms such as parasitoids and predators.

...

Elharony, S.B.1,3, SaharA.Youssef2 and Richard F. Lee3

...d viroid provides a new approach to virus
and virus like detection and identification. The method provides a
pure preparation of un-degraded RNA and DNA in high yield and
can be completed within 2 h. It is particularly useful for processing
large number of samples and for isolation of RNA and DNA from
small quantities of tissues. The method does not require expensive
and environmentally ha...

Manar F. Seioudy1, Magda M. Sayed1, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2 and M. A. Shalaby2

Asfand Raheel1, Syed Zulfiqar Ali2, Muhammad Waris2, Muhammad Basharat2, Basheer Ahmed2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder4 and Taqi Raza4*

...tial specificity and an appropriate pattern-recognition system, capable of recognizing simple or complex odors. In the food industry, electronic nose is popularly used to detect smells and flavors of a wide range of food items. Latest steps are required for postharvest management through which the economy of horticultural products around the globe is almost at minimal losses. This review is highlighting the basic but truly important postharvest advancements to...

Manar F. Seioudy1, Magda M. Sayed1, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2 and Mohammed A. Shalaby2

Arslan Mahmood Ahmad1, Muhammad Ameen Jamal1, Abdul Sattar1,  Aamir Ghafoor2, Aqeel Javeed3 and Amjad Riaz1*
...b> for 3 h exposure was appropriate for oocyte activation with the least toxic impact for embryonic development.
...
Syed Maaz Nadeem1,*, Muti ur Rehman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh2, Arfan Ahmad2, Syed Nadeem Mansoor3 and Muhammad Anees4
...uick and cost-effective approach for supportive diagnosis of chicken anemia virus infection and therefore could be replicated for efficient disease diagnostics in resource-limited setting.
...
Nagwa K. Meselhy1, Mohamed A. Abo El-khair1, Basem M. Ahmed2, Sherif A. El-Soally3,
Abdelhamid M. Fares1, Mohamed A. Nayel1 and Hussein A. Hussein2
...n: The nested PCR is an appropriate technique for the detection of EHV-1 present in blood
of a latently, or silently infected horses. The application of this nested PCR is considered to be a rapid
diagnostic tool for use in veterinary laboratories. Thus it will enhance the detection and
characterization of the circulating EHV-1 in Egypt. Control strategy for EHV-1 viruses in vaccinated
and non-vaccinated animals ...

Hanaa A. Elsamadony1, Laila A. Tantawy1, Sabry E. Omar2 and Heba A. Abd Alah1

... body weight and immunosuppression. Also to determine their relationship with vaccine
used in the field and other reference strains. Then to observe microscopic lesions and to detect CAV
antigens by immunohistochemically in thymus and bone marrow tissues of SPF chicks infected with
CAV.
Methods: In this study, 30 layer farms of age 40 to 100-days-old from different governorates
(Alexandria, Gharbia, G...

Mohsen M. Elsharkawy1, Salem H. Homayed1, Mohamed M. Elsawy2 and Amr A. Khedr1

Ahmed K. El-Attar1, Samah A. Mokbel1 and Om-Hashem M. EL-Banna2

...ular level to implement appropriate
control measures.
...

Tahsin S. Shoala1, Ahmed K. El-Attar2, Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud3

...>
concentrations suppressed or decreased PLRV compared to low concentrations and control.
...
Hadeer M. Mossa, Ausama A. Yousif, Emad A. Aboelsoud, Mahmoud El Gamal, Ahmed El-
Sanousi
...>quantitative manner in approximately 48min and 23 second.
Conclusion: This method allows screening all the virus harvest content in non-selective, non- targeted
manner. The reasons to choose this technology in qualification of the TC propagated LSDV as a onestep
quality control for in process LSDV indicating all what in the sample as well as an indication for
virus purity. The presence of LSDV with very high deg...

Samah A. Mokbel, Eman A. Ahmed, Hanan F. El-Kammar, Ahmed A. Kheder

...iv>particles, measuring approximately 28 nm in diameter. Ultrathin sections showed chloroplast
malformations. The malformation appeared as a chloroplast broken envelope with the presence of
numerous long starch globules. Ultrathin sections revealed the virus-like particles filled the nucleus
while those in chloroplast formed a distinctive crystalline shape. The shape of the cell walls and the
structures of mitoch...

Muhammad Nasir1, Muhammad Usman Asif2*, Abdul Hayee Abid1, Qurat ul Ain Haneef1 and Muhammad Awais2

...anagement strategies at appropriate time during the cotton season.

...

Md. Sahidur Rahman1*, Tishita Ape1, Md. Islam1 and Sharmin Chowdhury2

...text-align: justify;">Inappropriate antibiotic use in dairy farms poses a major hazard to food safety and leads to the development of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the perspective of dairy farmers regarding antibiotic use as well as its residual and resistance effect. We collected data from 101 dairy farmers in Chattogram, Bangladesh. The results revealed that ceftriaxone, gentamicin, streptopenicillin, ...
Jehan Dastagir, Muhammad Amir*, Bilal Ur Rehman, Shahid Hameed and Majad Ashraf
.... Firstly, the proposed approach looks into various queue limits e.g. Drop Tail and RED. Evidently, a comparison of these two queue limits vividly demonstrates that RED demonstrates a better performance when it comes to attainment of optimized TCP congestion control. This investigation is naturally followed by simulating different TCP versions such as TCP Tahoe, TCP Sack, TCP NewReno, TCP Reno and TCP Westwood for checking and comparing their effective resourc...

Iftikhar ud Din* and Yousaf Hayat

...are not independent and appropriate techniques for analyzing multiple traits simultaneously, is the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). This study deals with the illustration of MANOVA using simulated data, related to agricultural trials. The appropriate design, methods of analysis, interpretation and conclusion are carried out on simulated data. For illustration three factors are considered in a factorial arrangemen...

Muhammad Rafique1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2, Inam Ul Haq1*, Muhammad Ramzan Anser2, Humara Umar2 and Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah2

...Chakwal to find out the appropriate light intensity for successful olive propagation under greenhouse conditions. The data regarding days to root initiation, number of roots, root length, days to shifting, rooted cutting percentage and callus percentage were collected under four different treatments. Cutting under the only green net (5944 lux), white net (11428 lux) only upper side white net (8484 lux) and both green and white net (5538). The results were foun...

Sami Ullah1, Bernhard Brümmer2 and Umar Ijaz Ahmed1*

...the stochastic frontier approach, it was found that on an average 85% dairy farms are technically efficient, indicating that output can be increased by 15% by enhancing the efficiency of the dairy farms. The study reveals that extension services enhance the technical efficiency of dairy farmers by imparting better management and disease control skills. Extended extension services are recommended, alongside quality training programmes and the provision of impro...
Syed Azmat Ali Shah1*, Asfandyar Ahmed2, Khan Shahzada3, Syed Muhammad Ali4, Akhtar Naeem Khan5 and Akhter Gul6
...odified micro-modelling approach is selected where the head and bed joints are lumped into the bricks and an interface model was defined between these bricks representing the behavior of the mortar joint. Appropriate material models and damage criteria are employed for each mode of failure. A parametric study was then performed to assess the influence of different material properties on the lateral load capacity of the RC fr...

Javed Anwar Shah1, Azhar Iqbal1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2, Muhammad Aslam3, Muneer Abbas4 and Ilyas Ahmad5*

...ther disease management approaches are not more efficient and economical except to exploit the host plant resistance mechanism. The present study for screening of 60 elite chickpea lines was carried out for two consecutive years during 2017-18 and 2018-19 under controlled environment at pulses research Institute Faisalabad, Pakistan. Favorable conditions for disease incidence were developed by maintaining the temperature between15-20 °C and humidity >70...
Arshad Khan1, Mohammad Ihsan1, Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Muhammad Laiq1, Maryam Bibi1, Nasir Ali2, Ulfat Naz1, Muhammad Zakria1, Nausheen Nazir3, Adam Khan4 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz5
...in determining the most appropriate tools that are adaptable to various environments.

...

Hafsa Naheed* and Hidayat-Ur-Rahman

...art and Russell’s approach G.27, G.34, G.11, G.17, Siran and G.35 for tillers m-2 and G.22, G.23, G.31 for kernel weight had the bi (regression coefficient) values near to unity and had higher (coefficient of determination) Ri2. Based on the stability measure of Freeman and Perkin’s genotypes G.20, G.6 and G.29 for tillers m-2, G.11, G.10, G.34 for grains spike-1 and G.11, G.24, G.29, G.32 and G.21 for kernel weight, were having bi values almost eq...

Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Afzal2

...lation in an integrated approach. 
 
Novelty Statement | The present study will be helpful in the selection of effective insecticide for the management of two major insect pests of citrus orchards. 
...
Kai Jin1,2,3, Chen Chen 1,2,3, Xinyu Sun1,2,3, Caiye Zhu1,2,3, Mahmoud F. Ahmed1,2,3,4, Qisheng Zuo1,2,3, Jiuzhou Song4 and Bichun Li1,2,3*
... suggesting a practical approach for transgenic livestock breeding.
...
Hui-Ming Li1, Bi-Ze Yang1, Xue-Jun Jin1,2, Lin-Miao Li1, Hai-Ying Jiang1
Xiu-Juan Zhang1 and Jin-Ping Chen1*
...he microsatellite-based approach could be effectively utilized for parentage analysis in pangolins and that it has a significant application in selective breeding in endangered and valuable mammalian species.
...

Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil1, Adnan Shakeel1, Ghani Akbar1, Muhammad Asif2, Ashraf Khan3* and Zafar Islam1

...rowing vegetables after appropriate treatment. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the yield response factor of capsicum to different concentrations of municipal wastewater treatments through bioremediation. Four irrigation treatments were applied by using potable and wastewater in different ratios. These treatments were T1, T2, T3 and T4 (100% treated wastewater, 66% treated wastewater and 34% potable water, 34% treated wastewater and 66% potable ...
Naveed Farah1*, Izhar Ahmad Khan1, Asif Ali Abro2, Jehanzeb Masood Cheema3 and Muhammad Luqman4*
...akistan. A mixed method approach was employed for data collection and at first, a longitudinal analysis of Landsat imagery of land use was done through GIS and Remote Sensing for a time period of 2001-2016. The results of GIS analysis revealed that during the period 2001 to 2016, Faisalabad showed 24% increase in urban area and 23 % of this expansion consumed agricultural land. In Sahiwal, urban land has increased by 21 %, which encroached 13 % of agricultural...

Junaid Ahmad1, Shahzeb Javed2*, Mehmood Khan1, Shadman1, Muhammad Farooq3*, Muhammad Saleem4, Rahila Afzal5, Muhammad Aasim6, Naqeeb Ullah7, Muhammad Noman Khan8, Dawood8 and Naila Ilyas9

...ent of participants had appropriate knowledge, 52.41 percent had adequate attitude, and 47 percent had acceptable practice when it came to food safety and hygiene. In the near future, continuous education is required to raise awareness among young adults; they will be the ones directly handling food and will play a key role in helping to maintain a sanitary and clean environment.

...
Anwar Khan1, Fareeha Nosheen2,4, Bushra Tabassum2*, Olawale Samuel Adeyinka2, Khurram Shehzad3, Naila Shahid2, Arif Muhammad Khan4 and Idrees Ahmad Nasir2
...s siRNA and shRNA-based approach as a promising strategy in effective inhibition of PVX in in-vitro assay. Down regulation of potato virus X through coat protein gene targeted siRNA is a potential way of inhibiting invading virus and to effectively stop its systemic spread.
...
Xueli Jiang1,2, Jie Gao3, Muhammad Zahid Sharif1,2, Xuewen Zhang4 and Fanglin Liu1,*
...na, and use data mining approach to model the relationships between nectar phenolics and bee losses. The results show that bee losses are closely related to the phenolics of isochlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and galangin, identified from the sunflower nectar. The nectar phenolics do not cause bee-poisoning to death, but can trigger bee colonies to explore food sources at risk. Also, each of these phenolics acts in a dichotomous mode...
Azhar Abbas Khan*, Humaira Kanwal, Sumair Batool, Zeshan Hassan, Jawad Munawar Shah, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif, Ahmad Nawaz, Hasan Taha and Yasir Ishfaq
...enemies in addition to suppression of T. tabaci and A. bigutulla.
...

Syed Rashid Ali1*, Saad Uddin Khan1 and Ahmed Raza ul Mustafa2

...esults confirm that the appreciation in the exchange rate will adversely affect rice production in Pakistan. This negative and significant relationship confirms the risk-averse behaviour of Pakistani rice producers. Parameters stability is checked by the Cusum and Cusumq statistics. Policymakers, when designing policies to promote rice production, should consider the exchange rate volatility.

...
Suherman Suherman1*, AndhiniPutri Trianita1, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto1 and Wea Aanisah Mentari Putri2
...d the product yield was approximately 17.53 %. The water content value in the mango from all treatments was 6.17 % to 7.13 %, which was < 31 % as desired by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI—Standar Nasional Indonesia) for dried fruit products. The results showed that the colors changed in Treatment 2 (17 h and a pressure of 35 Pa). The hedonic test showed that Treatment 1 (13 h and a pressure of 35 Pa) was the best, but Treatment 2 (17 h a...
Amin Arif1, Khizar Samiullah1*, Riffat Yasin2, Bilal Rasool1, Shakila Naz1, Xijun Ni3 and Saleem Akhtar1
...Formation and has dated approximately 14.2-9.5 Ma. In this study, different aspects of evolution, taxonomy and biogeographic distribution as well as the relation of Giraffidae with Procerotidae have been discussed comprehensively. Palaeoenvironment, biostratigraphy and geology of the locality have also been discussed. The coexistence of Giraffokeryx punjabiens with its mammalian paleo-community reveals the persistence of mosaics of diverse habitats rang...

Mohamed S. Khalil

... to provide alternative approach could be listed in control measures of RKNs. Two pot experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of the milbemectin on galls and egg masses formation of M. javanica in roots of eggplants. Milbemectin (Milbeknock 1% EC) was applied at 0.1% (1 ml/l) and 0.5% (5 ml/l) in compared with the non-fumigant nematicide fenamiphos (40% EC). Results revealed that all tested doses of milbemectin suppr

Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Asif Ali Abro3

... simple random sampling approach for collecting primary data of 240 livestock household farmers and employed regression analysis model to estimate credit impact on household income and livestock production. An economic technique of log-linear regression model was applied to identify the factors influencing dairy production and estimate household income difference from dairy production due to formal credit from Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL). Estimates of ...

Ruqia Bibi1, Najam-un-Nisa1, Sania Komal1, Hafiza Nimra Ghani Qureshi1, Maryam Safdar1, Hafiza Hina Jameel1, Saman Gul1, Sania Saeed1 and Inam Ullah1,2*

...1 families belonging to approximately 38 species during the present study. The relative abundance was found to be 1, the Shannon-wiener diversity index (H´) was calculated as 3.43, the Simpson index (D) was 0.96, and the Evenness was 0.35. Little Cormorant (Microcarbo niger), Gadwall (Mareca streper), Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) were found as the dominant species with the relative abundance of 0.07, 0.07 and 0.06, respectively. As migratory bir...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi

...es are utilized in the suppression of soil nematode infestation of sugarcane, with positive outcome in yield. However, emergence of resistant nematode strains and health hazards are associated with the ceaseless use of the synthetics. The efficacy of furfural (2-furanaldehyde) from agricultural biomass waste was examined as a practicable replacement to the regular synthetic nematicide. Agricultural wastes were collected and refluxed with hydrochloric acid to p...
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
...infections annually and approximately 2.5 billion people are at risk around the globe. Directorate of Health Services (DHS), Capital Development Authority/Metropolitan Corporation, which is responsible for urban Islamabad, has developed long term strategic plan in the very beginning when the dengue epidemic had erupted first time in the year 2011. DHS, MCI/CDA adopted WHO strategy for vector control, however, a new strategic tier was additionally introduced i....
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
...infections annually and approximately 2.5 billion people are at risk around the globe. Directorate of Health Services (DHS), Capital Development Authority/Metropolitan Corporation, which is responsible for urban Islamabad, has developed long term strategic plan in the very beginning when the dengue epidemic had erupted first time in the year 2011. DHS, MCI/CDA adopted WHO strategy for vector control, however, a new strategic tier was additionally introduced i....
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Misbah Rizwan2, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Tahir3, Muhammad Sabar1, Muddassar Ali1 and Muhammad Yasir Ali4
...erm strategy because of apprehensions about health and environmental hazards, exposure risks, residual perseverance and development of resistance. So there is a need to find out an alternate practice for the management of this pest. Pest damage may be reduced through the proper management of nutrients requirements and modifications with mineral nutrients such as Silicon (Si). In this experiment, Si amendments, at the rate of 1.25 and 2.50 g Sikg-1 s...

Ayesha Muzamil, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Shaukat Ali, Iram Liaqat, Aamir Ali, Muhammad Summer

...e in the induction and suppression of inflammation. Cytokines are diverse form of proteins that act pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The main component of immunity is IL-1. IL-6 cytokine play its role in regulation of metabolic reactions. The activity of various leukocytes is suppressed by IL-4 and IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokines) that triggers the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review paper provides ...

Nguyenthuy Linh1, Nguyen Thi Kim Dong2*, Nguyen Van Thu3 

...nd 10 weeks of age, the appropriate diets contained 1.2% lysine and 12.97 MJ ME/kg DM, and 1.1% lysine and 13.81 MJ ME/kg DM, respectively.

Keywords | Amino acid, Digestibility, Local Muscovy duck, Lysine, Metabolizable energy 

...
Ali Ikhwan1*, Dian Indratmi1, Faridlotul Hasanah1, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum2,3 and Irum Iqrar4,5
...e cleome extract could suppress C. capsici attack up to 16.67 %, significantly higher than chemical fungicide (24.4 %).
...

Faryal Malik, Mudassar Nawaz Khan* and Israr-ud-Din

...oot pigmentations were suppressed as they turned pale under flooding stress but recovered to green when observed at the end of recovery period. The morphological parameters of shoot & root lengths and weights were suppressed in flooded seedlings, but recovered during the recovery. CAT activity in Atta Habib was raised from 1.63 under flooding stress to 2.32 unit/mg protein at the end recovery period. SOD activity was inc...

Altaf Hussain1*, Muhammad Saad Ashraf3, Asim Shamim1, Mohsin Nawaz1, Arslan Mehboob2 and Urooj Fatima2

... devastating and immunosuppressive diseases of the poultry and has been a constraint on the sustainable food security around the globe including Pakistan. Poultry industry is the second biggest industry in Pakistan while IBD is an important disease seriously threatening poultry farming. Despite the use of mass and intense vaccination regimens, the disease continues to sustain in many countries around the globe including Pakistan. However, to some extent, the e...

Ahmed M. Elbaz*, Engy F. Zaki, Morsy A. S. 

...commended as a feasible approach to improve productive performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolite, and meat quality of broiler chickens.

 

Keywords | Quinoa, Broilers, Performance, Nutrient digestibility, Fatty acids, Meat quality 

...
Amjad Ali1, Muhammad Amir2*, Bilal Ur Rehman2, Zafar Khan3 and Abid Munir1
 
... processing, initially, appropriate proven methods are used for processing fingerprints in a sequential manner followed by the application of various encryption algorithms for ensuring protection of such biometric data. In fingerprinting, image processing techniques include: low-quality-fingerprint enhancement, normalization, binarization and thinning of fingerprint image followed by feature extraction. In this paper, a novel encryption method for minutiae bas...

Jiao Ma*

...variables could have an appropriate role to improve the effectiveness of the treatment of heart lesions. The work of cytokines and growth factors has been found to play an important role in increasing endogenous cardiac stem cell proliferation and migration capacity. One of the successful approaches is to use these factors along with cardiac stem cells to boost the repair efficiency of heart injury. Therefore, in the present...

Xiaoli Cai1,2, Saeed Ahmed3, Zhixin Lei1,*, Jianping Wu1,* and Taolei Sun1,2,*

...s the cell membrane and approaching the cell, the strategies, prospects and challenges of nanoparticles treating intracellular bacteria.
...

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed*1, Ali Zachi Abdulqader Alhilfi2, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Imran Khatri1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano3, Qurban Ali4, Imran Ali Rajput5 and Muhammad Akbar Lashari1

...ed in D1. The BPH males approached to the female with jerky walking steps up and down with a minimum time of 0.24 ±0.03 min in D3. After successful male arrival, male went for a maximum arresting time of 3.19±0.51 min by female in D1. Though, all the males extended their genitalia for successful copulation but D1 male did not only take maximum time under female arresting but it also extended genitalia with maximum number of 5.80±0.37 times...

Yin-Hua Wang1,2, Yi-Bing Zhu1, Li Jiang1, Bin Du3 and Xiu-Ming Xi1*

...t an intention-to-treat approach. This trial will demonstrate the probability that remifentanil can reduce the duration of MV in long-term ventilated patients in critically ill patients compared to fentanyl.

...

Masouras P.K.1, Nikolaou K.1,2, Laliotis G.P.1*, Koutsouli P.1, Bizelis I.1 

...using an image analysis approach. Samples of Greek Red had higher a* value (P<0.05) compared to those obtained from crossbreds. Female samples revealed higher (P<0.05) values of L* compared to male. Significant correlations were observed between some of the determined meat quality parameters. A strong correlation (r = 0.798; P<0.01) was noted between IMF and marbling content. The regression analysis between IMF and marbling resulted in a moderate pred...

Aly M. Ghetas1*, Dalia M. Sedeek1, Hanaa S. Fedawy1, M.A. Bosila1, Hoda M. Mekky1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi1, 3, Mohamed M. Amer2 

...al population in immunosuppressed chickens. Cloacal swabs were collected from freshly dead chickens suffering from infectious bursal disease (IBD) for isolation of fungal species on specific medium. A total of 19 purified fungal isolates have been identified morphologically. Aspergillus isolates were the most identified (42%), followed by Trichosporon (10.5%), Penicillium (10.5%), Fusarium (5%), Candida (1%) and non-identified isolates (26%). Furthermore, the ...

Yongjie Xue1, Jinling Yan1, Huifeng Zhao1*, Haijing Zheng2 and Changhai Ma1

...rnational relations are appropriate? The stable development of animal husbandry and the win-win result of openness may be two contradictory concepts in some cases. Therefore, a country’s open-door policy should be considered in the same manner as the issue of national security. This study explores how China’s beef cattle industry will react to the international impact of soybean and beef trade. In contrast to previous studies, we put beef and soybe...

Abdul Jabbar*, Anees-Ul-Hussnain Shah, Abdul Basit, Ghulam Ahmad, Aftab Ahmad Khan, Suleman Raza, Muhammad Sultan Ali Bazmi, Imtiaz Akram Khan Niazi and Ahmad Hussain

...ield in berseem clover. Appropriate sowing method is one of the important components in production technology of any crop. In Pakistan, at farmer level, berseem seed production is less because of non-availability of improved production technology and advance machinery. If results of the present study are made part of recommended production technology of berseem for farmers, it will enhance the seed production of berseem in Pakistan in future.

...
Furqan Awan1,2, Sadia Nawaz3, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3,*, Asia Iqbal4, Raheela Akhtar5, Sehrish Firyal3, Haleema Sadia6, Arshad Javid4, Muhammad Rashid7, Muhammad Sulman Ali Taseer8 and Zhenling Zeng1
...n. Forty practices were approached, and veterinarians from 24 practices agreed to participate. Data were provided on 96 original presentations, excluding revisits, of which 47.92% were intact males and 52.08% were intact females with the mean age of 3.98 years. Moreover, further 96 controls were selected from the same clinical practices with same parameters. Among the dogs meant for different purposes, guarding purpose dogs were found more affected (n=59). Whi...
Dyah Roeswitawati1*, Iva Kristova1, Muhidin Muhidin1, Otto Endarto2, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum3,4, Irum Iqrar5,6 and Luqman Ali Shah7
 
... 15 % was effective in suppressing imago red mite 80 %. The 10 % concentration of chrysanth leaf pesticide was effectively suppressing the imago red mite 80 %. Soursop leaf pesticide treatment of a concentration of 5 % was effective in suppressing imago red mite 82 %.
...

Raheela Naz1*, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Ana Aslam1, Qudsia Nazir1, Asifa Naz3, Abid Niaz4, Farah Rasheed1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Sadia Sultana1, Ifra Saleem1, Arfan ul Haq1, Muhammad Arif1, Aamer Sattar1, Sarfraz Hussain5 and Muhammad Adnan Rafique6

...s of sowing is the best approach for the increase in wheat growth and yield.
...

Dabeeran Zehra1, Zahida Memon1, Shumaila Usman2,*, Almas Jabeen3, Kauser Ismail1 and Rehan Ahmed Siddiqui2

...ibitor, is the only FDA approved drug designed to target advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, unbearable side effects, insufficient efficacy and resistance mechanisms against this drug, generates necessity to develop novel therapeutic strategies and drugs. Recently macrolides have drawn attention of researchers in the treatment of cancer owing to their proposed chemotherapeutic role, based on the concept of repurposing, as they are well tolerated,...

Amir Z. Allam, Hayam A. Mansour, Nermeen M.L. Malak, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem* 

...ell as TOCL completely suppressed the growth of LAB (< 2 log10 CFU/g) at 0-time of examination and during the entire freezing storage. Additionally, the highest reduction rate in APC, psychrotrophic, and Enterobacteriaceae count was observed in samples treated with mixtures of three oleoresins (T-CL-O) as compared with other groups. In conclusion, the food industry could use a mixture of these oleoresins with a low concentration as a natural source of antib...

Ayman M. Khalifah1*, Walaa A. Kashyout1, Sara A. Abdalla2, Hassan S. Zeweil3, Soliman M. Zahran3, Tarek A. Ebeid4, Waleed M. Dosoky3 

...UFA) and significantly suppresses the concentricity of saturated fatty acids (SFA) compared to birds fed BD. Likewise, dietary Cr-Met supplementation improves blood traits, including a lipid profile, kidney functions, and antioxidant profile of laying quails. In conclusion, Cr-Met supplementation to laying quails diets at 0.4 and 0.6 g Cr-Met/kg under HS enhances performance traits, yolk lipid Profile, and blood traits of quails.

Keywords | Heat stress...

Saima Mustafa1, Firdous Bukhari1, Muhammad Nazar Aftab1, Muhammad Asif1, Muhammad Amjad1, Maryam Ijaz1, Muhammad Latif2 and Furhan Iqbal1*

... exome sequencing (WES) approach was adopted to identify causative agent of dwarfism that reveled a previously reported a missense mutation (c.2011 A > G, p.Ser 671Pro) in exon 3 of COL10A1 gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed these mutations in all enrolled subjects and mutation followed Mendalian pattern of inheritance. Multiple sequence alignment by Clustal Omega revealed that domain of COL10A1 containing mutations is highly conserved. ...

Zahid Iqbal*, Farhat Ullah Khan and Jalal-ud-Din

...alysis. Among different appropriate models like (1,0,0), (1,0,1), and (2,0,0) it is based on Normalized Bayesian criterion (NBIC), Akaike information criterion (AIC), Hannan-Quinn and Schwarz Criterion that Autoregressive (AR) model (1,0,0) is best. The Brock, Dechert and Scheinkman (BDS) test is also applied on the residuals of model (1,0,0) for checking the linearity condition before forecasting. The forecasted values for the year 2016-17 to 2021-22 indicate...

Sonali Menamvar1,2,3, Kirubakaran Vinod Kumar1, Veeregowda Muniveerappa Belamaranahally2, Yella Narasimha Reddy3, Rathnamma Doddamane2, Shrikrishna Isloor2, Ramesh Poojari Thimmaiah2, Gurrappanaidu Govindaraj1, Bibek Ranjan Shome1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan1* 

...equired to identify the appropriate farm level/animals level risk factors associated with bovine leptospirosis using large-scale sampling with a refined survey instrument tool.

Keywords | Bovine leptospirosis, Risk factors, Microscopic Agglutination Test, PCR, Seroprevalence 

...

Jan Clyden B. Tenorio

...ify;">One Health, as an approach to achieving important global health outcomes, thrives at the intersectionality of human health, veterinary health and environmental health. The interdependence of these three pillars highlights its importance as a holistic tool for inclusive development. With a prevailing pandemic that is caused by a zoonotic viral agent, One Health truly is the keyword of the times. Similarly, the numerous Neglected Tropical Diseases prevalen...

Noor-us-Sabah1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Luqman2, Amir Aziz1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Muhammad Aftab3

Ilvir Khabibullin1*, Ruzel Khabibullin1, Irina Mironova1, Lyalya Musina2, Elmira Akhmadullina1, Victoria Morozova1 
...t mice and hamsters had approximately the same indicators of physical endurance, by the end of the experiment, the swimming time of the experimental group animals was significantly longer. The animals receiving pantocrine turned to be stronger. Their interval time increased by 267 seconds (Р≤0.05) while the swim time of animals consuming may chang rose by 96 seconds (Р≤0.05) compared to the control. Male hamsters consuming lemongrass tincture showed th...

Safaa M. Barghash1*, Amani A. Hafez2

...a evansi induces immunosuppression that may interfere with the development of immunity after vaccination in rats against Pasteurella multocida. T. evansi-infected and non-infected Wester Albino rats immunized against pasteurellosis with two vaccines; one is commercial, and the other is a formalin-killed vaccine (prepared from a local strain), and subsequently challenged virulent P. multocida. The differences in the regulation of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL12,...

Ahmed Abdel-Rady1,2, Walaa Mostafa3* 

... contribute to advising appropriate control programs.

Keywords | Sheep, Trichostrongyle egg, Prevalence, Season, Sex, Age 

...

Nazakat Nawaz1, Nasir Mahmood Cheema2*, Malik Muhammad Yousaf3, Muhammad Jahanzaib1, Mubashir Ahmad Khan1 and Muhammad Munir4

...olden. PG-1090 has been approved by concerned authorities as a new variety with the name NARC-2019 for cultivation in rain-fed as well as irrigated areas of Pakistan.

...

Doaa Khairy1, Mohamed Ali Osman2 and Fatma Abdel Mohsen Mostafa1*

...nificantly (P<0.05) suppressed nematode population, root galling and number of egg masses. The highest nematicidal activity was performed by leaf extracts mixture of moringa, neem and canola. NPK, chlorophyll Aand B, salicylic acid, phenols and phenylalinine enzyme (PAL) in tomato leaves were significantly (P<0.05) induced by plant extracts mixture. Phytochemical analysis of aqueous neem leaf extract demonstrated the occurrence of a number of flavonoids ...

Samah Samir, Amal Awad*, Gamal Younis 

...lth concern, therefore, appropriate sanitary management is required to improve water quality and reduce sickness incidence and economic losses.

Keywords | E. tarda, Fish farms, Virulence, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Biofilm. 

...

Ayu Cusiayuni1, Risan Khaerani Nurfatahillah1, Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap2, Komang Gede Wiryawan3, Dwierra Evvyernie3, Anuraga Jayanegara3* 

...y using a meta-analysis approach from published articles. A total of 89 data points from 24 articles were compiled in a database, consisted of various information, i.e., level of lauric acid, microbial population, rumen fermentation characteristics, total gas production, methane production, and digestibility. The data obtained were analyzed by using the mixed-model methodology. Results showed that the addition of lauric acid reduced methane production (P < ...

Asmaa S. Mohammed*, Ahmed F. Abou-Elnaga, Ahmed I. Ateya, Mohammed M. Fouda, Ragab A. Darwish, Usama A. Abou-Ismail 

...n the multiple measures approach used to evaluate the effect of UVB light on behaviour, reproductive and health status of rabbits, it could be suggested that eight hours of UVB radiation appears the most optimal duration for indoor housed female rabbits.

Keywords | Behaviour, Gene expression, Rabbits, UVB radiation 

...

Hosny Kesba1, Ashraf Suloma2, Samy Sayed3*, Abdullah Abdel-Rahman1 and Shaimaa Diab1

...he STP source was more suppressive to nematode development than ITB irrigation source in the two inoculation times of treatments either in sandy soil or sandy loam soil. Also, the produced eggs were highly influenced by the STP source achieving half of the produced eggs in the ITB after 45 days of inoculation time. The plant growth was enhanced. The efficiency percentage (%) of STP in both soil types was more than ITB. The growth parameters of the plants (leng...

A.J. Shoyombo1, O.O. Alabi, B.M. Falana1*, R.A. Animashahun1, S.O. Olawoye1, F.A. Okenniyi1, M.A. Popoola2, C.I. Ukim2, A.M. Ake, A.E. Jubril3 

...r but requires a dogged approach in treating affected animals. Atresia ani is a congenital embryological condition that often suffice when the hindgut refuses to connect with the perineum for the proper discharge of muconium. In this study, a three-day-old calf was observed to be suffering from Atresia ani at the Landmark University Teaching and Research farm. This condition was obvious due to the inability of the calf to pass out faeces since parturition. The...

Muhammad Idrees1, Bashir Ahmad2, Muhammad Waqas1, Syed Muhammad Mukarram Shah3 and Saad Ahmad Khan4

Fan Xu1,2*, Cheng Wu3 and Su Zeng1

....1 μg/ml is the most appropriate. Lipo-PGE1 and DN-PGE1 injection can be administered by intravenous drip. The finished infusion should be used up within 6 h after the dispensing.

...

Basanta Kumar Adhikari1*, Deepak Subedi1*, Sumit Jyoti1, Krishna Kaphle2, Chet Narayan Kharel3, Doj Raj Khanal4

...P infection. Therefore, appropriate preventive measures including regular research and investigation, vaccination and regulatory policies on transboundary animal movements should be implemented to prevent the potential outbreak of the disease. This is the first-ever report of sero-detection of CCPP antibodies in the goat population of Nepal. This article confirms the presence of CCPP in Nepal and the potential circulation of the pathogen to other parts of the ...

Muhammad Tahir Latif1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Ayesha Latif2, Majid Hamid Bajwa1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Ali Zohaib1, Naeem Faisal1 and Muhammad Hamza3

...calculated. The project appraisal method of financial analysis illustrated the viability of MTR from the owner user or service provider’s point of view as calculated by the indicators like benefit cost ratio, net present value, internal rate of return, payback period (yr) and breakeven point (ha yr-1). Hence, the adaptation of MTR would give farmers the opportunity to increase the productivity of rice crop and their farm income by coping the issues like ...
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi1,2*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi3,4, Erkata Yandri3,4, Kiman Siregar5,6, Aris Winaya7, Damat Damat7, Wahyu Widodo7, Ahmad Wahyudi7, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani4,8
Maizirwan Mel9, Ivar Zekker10, Muhammad Zul Mazwan7, Devi Dwi Siskawardani7
Endang Dwi Purbajanti11 and Ida Ekawati12
...ltivation bring certain apprehension towards its industrial sector in implementing the concept of sustainable development. To overcome this, the sustainable certification has been developed through the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) in order to accomplish the global standards for sustainable palm oil. RSPO and ISPO function to minimize the negative effect of oil palm production on the environment and social ...

Md. Taimur Islam1*, Mirza Mienur Meher2, Anas Bin Harun3 and Md. Golam Haider1

 

...herefore, an integrated approach including strict biosecurity, good farming practices and proper vaccination should be taken into consideration for the prevention of these respiratory diseases to ensure sustainable poultry production in Bangladesh.

...

Eman Alsayed Hammad and Atef Mohamed El-Sagheer

...f tested strategies to suppress M. incognita after being applied three times. Under protected conditions the pest reduction percentages of M. incognita and increase percentages in shoot dry weight were associated with the use of Marjoram emulsion oil (82.5, 208%), Chitosan (75.3, 105.8%), and Vermicompost (72.1, 93.4%) after chemical nematicide (93.0, 424.3%). Whereas, under field conditions, the application of Chitosan achieved the greatest reduction percenta...

Mirtneh Akalu1,2*, Takele Abayneh2, Esayas Gelaye2, Behailu Tefera2, Teferi Degefa2, Vemulapati Bhadra Murthy1 

...rified MH-OMVs revealed approximately ten protein bands ranging from 25 to 104 kDa. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay confirmed that the immune response was significantly increased in both single-dose and booster-dose immunized groups as compared to calves in the control group. Calves in booster-dose group reach its peak geometric mean (GM) log10 HI antibody titer (3.46 ± 0.06) at the 42nd day. Whereas calves in the single-dose immunized group reac...
Mubasshir Sohail*, Qadeer Ahmed Soomro, Raza Muhammad, Muhammad Usman Asif and Imran Rauf
...ressed with efficacious approaches to utilize plant cellulose for energy development and its study would be of a great importance in the field of bioenergy and integrated pest management. The study was aimed to evaluate cellulolytic activity which was detected in the gut of mango mealybug, (Drosicha stebbingi). Initially, cellulolytic activity was detected from crude proteins using substrate-agar plate assay and laterally confirmed by endoglucanase assay. Enzy...
Yuechen Li1, Yumo Li1, Xuefeng Zhuang1, Guangfu Lv2, Xiaowei Huang1, Zhe Lin1, Yuchen Wang1* and He Lin1*

Nour H. Abdel-Hamid1*, Walid Elmonir2, Eman I. M. Beleta1, Rania I. Ismail1, Momtaz Shahein1, Mahmoud E. R. Hamdy1 

Eman Alsayed Hammad1* and Mahmoud Mohamed Hassanin Hasanin2

...o chemical control for suppressing Meloidogyne javanica and Fusarium oxysporum on coleus plants, Coleus forskohlii in vitro and greenhouse conditions. Nanoemulsions of thyme (droplets size was in the range of 25.4–32.9 nm) and spearmint (droplets size was in the range of 5.91–9.77 nm) at concentrations 4000 and 5000ppm separately, recorded the best results in vitro investigations, completely prevented F. oxysporum growth at all concentrations, and ...

Phassakon Nuntapanich1*, Hathaichanok Nuntapanich2 and Woraman Maicharoen3

...tools considering as an appropriate technology, which enables the ecosystem to continually provide services to the farmer (e.g., local food security, household income, surface water supply for rice production and enhance soil nutrients for rice crop) without damaging the ecosystem’s capacity to provide the services. The marketing channel can be divided into three types are 1) travel-customer, 2) tourist-customer and 3) middlemen from many provinces to bu...

Ghassan Zahid1, 2*, Sara Iftikhar3, Muhammad Umer Farooq4 and Shakeel Ahmed Soomro5

...kistan are feasible and appropriate for the cultivation of temperate, tropical and subtropical fruits. Thus, diverse environmental conditions allow the farmers to cultivate a variety of fruits which ultimately uplifting the burden from traditionally cultivated crops. In recent years, the cultivation and yield of different fruit trees are declining in the country. The key contributors to the decline in fruit crop yield include abiotic stresses, biotic stresses,...

Tariq Mahmood1*, Shakeela Ismail1, Faraz Akrim2, Muhammad Farooq1, Nadeem Munawar1 and Muhammad Raza Khan1

...ecies in its diet, with approximately 47 % contribution from livestock and 53 % from wild prey. Most frequently consumed domestic prey were donkey, yalk, goat and sheep, while among wild prey golden marmot (Marmota caudata), house mouse (Mus musculus), Palm Civet (Paguma larvata), Royel’s Pika (Ochotona roylei) and markhor (Capra falconeri) were frequently consumed. Winter diet of grey wolf contained more proportion of livestock (59%) compared to wild pr...
Nguyen Binh Truong1,2,3*, Nguyen Van Thu3
... aiming to find out the appropriate neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels in the crossbred beef cattle diets for improving the growth rate and roughage utilization. In the first experiment, four male Charolais crossbred cattle (Charolais x Zebu crossbred) with 17.6±1.49 months of age and 255±30.1 kg live weight (mean±SD) were used in a 4x4 Latin square design. Four treatments were 47, 51, 55, and 59% NDF in diets (DM basis) corresponding to...
Tri Eko Susilorini1*, Ahmad Furqon2, Wike Andre Septian1, Desinta Wulandari3, Suyadi Suyadi3
...the major milk proteins approximately 80-83% of total protein. The CSN3 gene has been broadly studied due to its important influence on the milk properties. Senduro goat is local breeds in Indonesia that provide milk. This study was aimed to analyse CSN3 gene polymorphism and its association with milk production and composition on Senduro goat. A total of 42 lactating Senduro goat were used in study from parity 1 to 4. Blood and milk samples were collected in ...

Muneeza Zafar1,2,3, Fazli Rabbi Awan2,*, Munazza Raza Mirza3,*, Sumaira Nishat2,4, Sajid Ali Rajput5 and Imran Riaz Malik1,*

...licability of in silico approach to propose the most deleterious SNPs of APOB that should be prioritize for future genetic association studies in cohort of cardiovascular patients. While their structural impact on APOB may suggest these predicted nsSNPs possibly be a better drug target and contribute to the treatment and better understanding of human cardiovascular disease.

...

Aamir Ibrahim1, Bingyao Chen1, Hassan Ali2, Imran Ali3, Yang Cao1 and Guang Yang1*

... covered in a branch of approximately 70 km of the Indus River from Taunsa barrage (District Muzaffargarh, Tehsil Kott Addu) to just downstream of Ghazi Ghat near Samina (District Dera Ghazi Khan) in Punjab, Pakistan. We successfully photographed and first reported seven types of skin marks originated from their natural or social interactions and anthropogenic activities. Dead bodies of five calves were collected from two different subpopulations in the Punjab...

Ghulam Abbas1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Saeed2*; Safdar Imran3, Ashgar Ali Kamboh4, Duraid KA Al-Taey5, Muhammad Asad Aslam1, Muhammad Saeed Imran6, Muhammad Ashraf3, Muhammad Asif7, Abdul Jabbar Tanveer8, Razia Abdul Majid Qureshi9, Maria Arshad1, Hussain Ahmed Khan Niazi1, Muhammad Tariq10, Sikandar Abbas1 

...nature to determine the appropriate amount of supplementation of OA.

Keywords | Organic acids, Gut health, Natural compounds, Poultry health, Layer production. 

...

Nawal Abd-elhafez Hassanain1, Raafat Mohamed Shaapan1*, Ahmed Maher1, Ahmed Badwi Yousif2, Gomaa Desoky Emam2 

...application of cultural approaches for the identification of brucellosis and typhoid fever or any other acute febrile illness (AFI) in our clinical laboratories must rule out any cases of malaria that have symptoms that are similar to the symptoms of the disease and improve patient management by lowering treatment costs and removing other risks related with antibiotic misuse.

Keywords | Cross reactivity, Febrile, Malaria, Brucellosis, Typhoid fever &nb...

Asim Faraz1, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Ayman Balla Mustafa4, Amir Ismail5, Muhammad Arslan Akbar6, Abdul Waheed1* and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel7

...ribution towards modern approaches in research of camel reproduction. As the Marecha camel is the main breed of Pakistan, playing very important role in rural economy of desert areas of the country, this specific study will be used to build the country’s data base for future research.
...

Nishant Shah1*, Rakesh Kumar Yadav1, Anil Gautam1*, Shambhu Shah1 and Mohan Kumar Gupta2

...ammonia reducing immunosuppression that manages susceptibility of E. coli. When the maximum level of ammonia was produced i.e., on day 34, intra-nasal administration of E. coli of strain χ7122 (serotype 078: K80:H9) at pathogenicity amount (9.4 x 105 cfu E. coli per bird) was done and morbidity and mortality rate was also recorded. The significantly minimum ammonia (ppm) was recorded in CRH (30.53±0.77); however, the maximum ammonia (ppm) was record...

Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir Rajput1, Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Ghulam Murtaza Kaleri2, Tanzeela-ul-Zahra1,3, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4 and Zeeshan Rasheed1

...ference was recorded in approximate and corrected generation time of FAW between leaves and stems. Innate capacity of increase (rc) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) recorded on stems (0.1237±0.0032 and 0.1248±0.0033, respectively) were higher than leaves (0.1027±0.0025 and 0.1034±0.0026, respectively). Finite rate of increase (λ), doubling time (DT) and net reproductive rate (Ro) observed on maize stems (0.3363&plu...

Duong Thanh Hai1*, Tomas J. Acosta2, Tran Thi Minh Tu3

...n stimulated by OT was suppressed by Cr converted from Cs. The overall results suggest that Cr converted from Cs, but not Cs, has the capacity to regulate PGE and PGF production in bovine endometrium at the follicular stage. 
 
Keywords | Cattle, Cortisone, Cortisol, Ovulation, Uterine function
...
Aiman Al Mufarji1, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1*, Rashid Al Zeidi2, Haitham Al Masruri3
...="text-align: justify;">Appropriate strategies are required for the alleviation of heat stress resulting from global warming contributing to impaired metabolism and dysregulated immune and reproductive functions in animals. The aims of the current study were to investigate modulation impacts of moringa oleifera on thermo-tolerance parameters and blood indices in subtropical ewes under heat stress. Eighteen ewes with an average weight of 50.3 ± 1.80 kg a...

Oluwaseun Adetarami1*, Oluwatoyin Olagunju2, Babatunde Adebayo Oyebamiji1, Adegboyega Abel Odeyemi3 and Sina Basil Johnson4

... School (FBS) extension approach on cocoa smallholder farmers in Ondo and Osun States of Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select (160) respondents. The primary data were collected through structured questionnaire. For the data analysis, statistical tools such as budgeting technique and logitistic regression were used. Results of the budgeting technique showed that each farmer of the FBS approach had a mean ...

Syed Muhammad Amir1*, Shehzad Khan2, Asif Ali Abro3, Ehsan Inamullah4 and Tahir Mehmood5

...the study, quantitative approach was used with the help of a predesigned questionnaire. Frequency distributions, percentages, and paired T-tests were used to analyze and present the data. Results indicate that time spent on cooking and fuel collection significantly reduced after biogas adoption; and it also generates opportunity of alternative activities in saved time, and enhances fuel energy consumption pattern. Biogas technology brings improvement in the ec...
Amreen Zahra1*, Mushtaq A. Saleem2, Hasnain Javed3, Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4
...However, such molecular approaches in developing nations like Pakistan, will pave favourable strategies for advanced drug design, diagnostic assays and antiretroviral regimen therapies.

...

Xing Lu1, Mahmoud A.O. Dawood2, Fan Wu1, Hua Wen1, Wei Liu1, Juan Tian1, Ming Jiang1, Li-Juan Yu1, Xiang Li3, Ning Xu3 and Hong-Wei Liang1*

... results indicated that appropriate dietary L-carnitine supplementation could improve growth performance, increase muscle protein content, reduce serum TG concentration, and induce the antioxidant- and lipometabolism-associated genes expression in Chinese soft-shelled turtle.

...

Alsi Dara Paryuni1, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto2, Tri Untari3 and Sitarina Widyarini4*

... not only diminished by approximately 85% of the clinical feature of the skin lesion of cat’s dermatophytosis but also resulted in the disappearance of the fungi. To conclude, topically applied of antifungal ketoconazole for at least three weeks effective to treat dermatophytosis in cats.
 
Keywords | Dermatophytes, Cats, Clinical signs, Microsporum canis, Ketoconazole
...

A. El-Shemy1*, Hoda M. Mekky2, M. A. Bosila2, A. M. Allam1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi2, M. M. Amer3 

... Therefore, applying an appropriate vaccination program for breeder duck flocks is significant in controlling DHAV-1 infection. Thus, we recommend the application of further studies to detect the efficacy of the used vaccine against the current field strains of DHAV-1

Keywords | Nervous signs, DHAV-1, RT-PCR, Nucleotide sequences, Phylogenetic analysis 

...
Baila Ahmad1, Muhammad Ammar Khan1*, Zulfiqar Ahmad1, Rana Muhammad Bilal2 and Asghar Ali Kamboh3
...efore, investigated the approach of nutritional intervention to combat these concerns. Breast meat samples were obtained from the broilers given zinc (Zn from ZnSO4) supplements (T0, T1, T2, and T3 @ 0, 10, 20 and 40 ppm, respectively of finisher diet from 21 to 42 days). Initially, the pH, expressible moisture (EM), water-holding capacity (WHC), instrumental color, drip loss (DL) and cook loss (CL) were measured. Afterward, the effect of processing (25°C,...

Dede Kardaya*, Dewi Wahyuni, Elis Dihansih 

...ision of rations is not appropriate; antioxidant supplementation is considered necessary. Leaves of Asam gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis) contain hydroxy citric acid and other active substances that function as antioxidants, so the use of them in ration is expected to improve the meat quality of spent layer ducks. Sixty spent layer ducks were fed four rations including commercial rations (R1), nonconventional rations + 2% Asam gelugur leaf meal (AG...

Mostafa El-Sebelgy1*, Hanafy Madbouly2, Sabry Tamam2, Nagwa Ata1, Kawther Zaher1

 

...herefore, the proteomic approach was utilized. The virus was isolated on SPF-ECE and concentrated using PEG-6000. The concentrate was analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using a technique called untargeted (label-free) shotgun proteomic analysis. The resultant peptides were used along with RefSeq proteins and primers for multiple sequence alignment. Multiple extrinsic proteins [NS1, NS3 and VP3 of African Horse Sicknes...

Liyun Chang1, Aiju Liu2, Jianshuang Zhang3, Yingbin Chen1 and Zhiyong Liu4*

...recombinant protein was approximately 19 kDa, and it was expressed mainly in the form of an inclusion body. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: antigen-coating concentration, 0.6 μg·mL-1; serum dilution, 1:200; 60-min serum action time, 1:2000 working dilution of the enzyme-labeled secondary antibody; and 5% skimmed milk used as a blocking solution. No cross-reactivity was observed with the positive serum of Eperythrozoon, Trichinella sp...

Qian Chong1, Muhammad Mohsin2*, Zhu Ting1, Chen Qiqi1 and Ana Mehak3

..., this paper strives to appraise the population dynamics of Trichiurus lepturus in Zhejiang, China which would help fishery managers. For this, authentic data, 1999 – 2018, collected from Fishery Yearbooks of China was statistically evaluated through depletion models (DMs). In principle, three models, viz., Fox (FM), Schaefer (SM), and Pella-Tomlinson (PTM) of surplus production models (SPMs), a specialized form of DMs, were used and compared for getting...
Rida Haroon Durrani1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan2, Aneela Zameer Durrani3, Salman Ashraf1, Muhammad Anas Naeem1, Muhammad Usman3 and Tauqeer Mahmood4
... pre-harvest biocontrol approach to curtail host-adaptive antibiotic resistant Salmonella. 

...

Muhammad Kashif Maan1*, Rohma Shabbir2 

... examination. Rhinotomy approach was used to enucleate the Cyst. There was no postoperative complication after enucleation of the Cyst.

Keywords | Exopthalmia, intraorbital hydatid cyst, proptosis, Rhinotomy 

...

Hairul Islam M. Ibrahim1,2, Abdalla A. Sayed1,3, Abdel Naser A. Ahmed4,5 and Emad A. Ahmed*1,6

...ing revealed that, PCB suppressed EAE pathological checkpoints for demyelination and apoptosis in CNS and act as a therapeutic role for treatment of MS in upcoming prospects.
...
Samreen Fatima* and Muddasir-Uddin
...re found to be the most appropriate model. The three measures criterion namely: root mean squares error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and relative mean absolute error (RMAE) are used for model robustness measurement. The estimation results show that both in-sample and out-sample RMSE, MAE and RMAE are minimum in GARCH (1, 1)-M-ANNs models. Furthermore, empirical analysis reveals that the forecast result of GARCH (1, 1)-M-ANNs models of all three forms give...
Afifa Yaqub1, Mehroze Amin1, Qindeel Fatima1, Rabail Hassan Toor1,3, Saira Aftab1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,2*
...he expression of tumor suppressor genes in a variety of cancerous cells. The present study explores the anti-cancer activity of UNC0642, a novel potent inhibitor of G9a in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Analysis of growth and proliferation parameters by various cell-based assays such as neutral red assay and BrdU cell proliferation assay showed that higher concentrations were lethal for the cancerous cells. IC50 was found to be 12.6 µM. Further contextua...

Mahmoud S. Sirag1*, Effat L. El Sayed2, Mahmoud M. Hussein3, Khalid A. El-Nesr1, Mahmoud B. El-Begawey1 

...ve disorders and immunosuppression. To identify the pathological alterations and Immunohistochemical localization and distribution of BVDV antigen in the genital organs of persistently infected and acutely infected cows, this study was carried out on genital organs of thirty cows submitted to slaughter houses suffering from reproductive disorders. Pathologically, three mummified fetuses had been extracted from the uterus of examined cows (3/30). The disrupted ...

Shahbaz Ahmed1, Mubeen Ahmad1, Muhammad Razaq1* and Farhan Mahmood Shah1,2*

...rops. Thus, alternative approaches such as biological and cultural control are more desirable. This research explores irrigation stress impacts on wheat aphids, predators, and yield characteristics under field conditions. The wheat crop was stressed at any of the tillering, booting, heading or grain formation stages by skipping irrigation during entire length of each stage. Unstressed wheat enjoyed irrigation at all four stages. Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) w...
Ejaz Ur Rehman1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Fathul Bari3*, Tanveer Khan2, Naveed Ullah Khan2, Abdullah Khan4 and Romaan Hayat Khattak2
...neralization may not be appropriate based on this study. However, this can be used to replicate the study for month or season wise data collection for better understanding behavioral ecology and time budget activity of the species.

...

Malik Fiaz Hussain1, Atif Akbar2, Muhammad Asif1, Laraib Nisar3, Muhammad Naeem Ashiq3 and Furhan Iqbal1*

...ttend reflex, number of approaches to familiar and novel objects than low dose NiO NPs and saline treated female mice. No change in body weight was observed when this parameter was compared between NiO NPs and saline injected albino mice of both sexes. In conclusion, we are reporting that NiO NPs can affect the muscular activity, object recognition capacity and exploratory behaviour of albino mice. The effects were more pronounced at higher dose and in female ...

Saba Rashid*, Rehan Ashraf, Hafiza Faseeha Iftikhar, Zohaib Bilal Khan, Samreen Sanawar, Aamina Jamil, Misha Salam Bajwa, Manahil Riaz 

...sification and clinical approach to reporting cases. In the clinical approach to movement disorders, we recommend categorizing movements into hyperkinetic vs hypokinetic, paroxysmal vs persistent, exercise-induced vs not related to exercise, and a genetic or unknown cause that involves defined movements with the help of suggested terminologies described here. Classical canine distemper is a multisystemic disease that typical...

Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Eduard Kostetsky1, Anton Degtyarenko2, Michail Shchelkanov1,2,3 

...e expression of tumour-suppressor genes is a diagnostic approach, included in the practice of veterinary oncologists. Complementing these laboratory tests with methods for assessing the expression of interferon (IFN) genes can expand the possibilities of diagnosing animal cancers and improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant neoplasms, in particular of the mammary gland (MG). Methods. Surgical ma...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Muhammad Hussnain Babar2, Aamir Hussain3, Rana Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hammad Hussnain4 and Saghir Ahmad4

... (GSI: A non-parametric approach to determine yield stability) discriminated ST02 (WEAL-AG-10), ST05 (MNH-1050), ST09 (VH-418) and ST19 (UAM-20) as stable yielder strains bearing the lowest GSI value (11). These strains are important in boosting cotton production hence, their release for general cultivation may be sought from the authorized forum.

...

Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Javed Iqbal2, Muhammad Aslam3, Rizwan Latif4, Muhammad Arif5, Muhammad Tahir Akbar6 and Hafiz Husnain Nawaz1

...d by adopting different approaches like mechanical pruning, pruning through use of growth inhibitors, use of bio stimulants, and proper use of mineral nutrients at proper nutrient demanding growth stage and use of different vitamins and amino acids. The current review was prepared by highlighting the use of these approaches for alternate bearing control in olive.

...

Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Irfan Majeed2, Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman1 and Muhammad Asam Riaz1

...osed. This formulation suppressed the termites in field as no termite foraging was recorded inside the bait-treated monitoring stations for about a month post-treatment, while the termites fed on all beads in the control monitoring stations. Overall study findings validate the effectiveness of fipronil and formulated beads for their potential incorporation in the management of subterranean termites in agricultural crops. However, further studies are needed to ...

Entesar Z. Eliraqy1*, Basant M. Shafik2, Yasser S. Hussein1, Abdelwahab A. Alsenosy3, Emad A. Abd allah1, Mohamed F. Saad1 

... Current paper gives an apprise on the usage of garlic (Allium sativum) extract as an alternative additive for sperm preservation in buffalo bulls at animal production research institute, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. The experimental protocol was designed as four groups (Control, G1, G2 and G3). Buffalo-bulls’ semen were exposed to different concentrations of garlic extract (0, 3, 6 and 9%, respectively) to evaluate the semen quality paramet...

Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan and Urooba Pervaiz

...er chooses who would be appropriate for the study) was employed to select three districts i.e. Peshawar, Mardan and Swabi from Agro-ecological Zone C of KP. The population of the study comprised of all extension agents of the selected district. Data was collected through a well-developed interview schedule from all Agriculture Officers and 41% of the Field Assistants (randomly selected) of the three districts. Thus, the total number of respondents for the stud...

Muhammad Waseem Akhtar1*, Khalid Mahmood Khawar2, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar3, Muhammad Rafique1, Khalid Hussain4, Sharmin Ashraf1 and Muhammad Fida Hassan1

...sidered best ecological approach to pest management. Keeping this in consideration, the current research activity is planned to screen out available germplasm of chickpea against dhora beetle (Callosobruchuschinisensis). For this purpose, 8 genotypes of chickpea genotypes were taken from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad. 1 kg of each genotype was taken in plastic jars. There were three replications of each genotype for each insect. Twenty adult...
Muhammad Younas1*, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Atiq2, Niaz Hussain1, Wasim Abbas3, Muhammad Azeem Khan4, Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Irshad1, Nasir Ahmad Khan2 and Muhammad Zubair5
...determined for disease suppression on a susceptible variety of onion. During both years of study, eight accessions (Phulkara, Texas Early, Cylon, Sunset, Red Gystal, Rubi F1, Red Flame, ON-14133) exhibited resistant response with minimum percent disease index (PDI) which ranged between 5-10%, followed by Mirpurkhas, Nasarpuri, HON-1069, Pania, Rubi F2, GSL-132, Red Moon, PK-1032, F-1122, Red Imposta, Early Red, Desi Large and Vrio-4 which showed moderately res...

Onwusiribe Ndubuisi Chigozirim*, Okpokiri Chibuzo Ikechukwu, Agu-Aguiyi Fortune Nneka and Oteh Ogbonnaya Ukeh

...ake a multi-stakeholder approach to addressing climate change, including the private sector and communities, as well as improving extension services’ capacity to educate farmers.

...

Zayed M.A1, M.F. Shehata1, I.M. Ismail1, Mona Mohammady1, M.A. Radwan2*  

...htered (one year of age approximately), and their carcass traits, and meat quality were evaluated. All growth performance traits showed significant (p<0.01) differences among the three groups, except birth weight and age. Dressing % (based on slaughter body weight) was higher (p <0.05) in G3 than G1 and G2 groups. The lowest (p <0.05) percentage of offal’s was observed in G3 compared to G1 and G2 groups. Meat protein % was higher (p <0.05) in...

Rijumoni Daimari, Silistina Narzari, Jatin Sarmah* 

...ar district, Assam. The approximate composition range of these edible viscera was found to be: moisture 50.67-68.47%, fat 0.47-9.85%, ash 0.16-0.92%, protein 6.85-22.36%, carbohydrate 10.18-24.65% and calorie 124.31-198.16 k/cal/100g. Among the samples the maximum protein, carbohydrate and calorie were found in liver. Most numbers of the essential amino acids was found in spleen with lysine contributing the largest amount. Fat content was maximum in large int...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Imran Akhtar3, Ghayour Ahmad4 and Saeed Ahmad4

... (GSI: A non-parametric approach to determine performance stability) distinguished NIAB-135, BH-224 and FH-Am17 being the most stable strains bearing the least GSI value and may be released for general cultivation to boost national cotton production.

...

Sadaf Ansari1, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Abdul Jabbar Tanweer2, Abdullah Sethar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Sabahat Ansari1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* 

...d meat because of its inappropriate processing, handling and cooking. Therefore this research was performed for the evaluation of bacterial contamination from raw and cooked fish, mutton and beef sold by retailors in district Hyderabad. During present study, 150 total meat samples, 100 from raw meat (beef=40, mutton=40, fish=20) and 50 from cooked meat (beef=20, mutton=20, fish=10) were randomly collected from district Hyderabad and cultured on different media...

Yue Ren1, Ting Jia2, Hao Zhang1, Zhengkun Wang1 and Wanlong Zhu1*

...g. Using microsatellite approaches, we observed considerable genetic variation and high heterozygosity in T. belangeri chinensis populations in different Yunnan province, and Chuxiong population and Lijiang population had relative low genetic diversity. Moreover, skull morphology changed for adapting to changing environment in T. belangeri chinensis. Finally, MengLa population had remarkable differences with the other populations both in genetic diversity and ...

Abhishek Pandit1, Suman Poudel2, Manish Gautam3* and Shambhu Shah4

...teal period. Progestin suppresses the activity of the ovary and inhibits the dominant follicle maturation due to the suppression of both FSH and LH. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone or an analog is administered with PGF2α to estrous- cyclic and noncyclic cattle disrupts the patterns of follicular growth, inducing ovulation on a large follicle. To select and successfully implement the estrus synchronization regime in anim...

Lobna M.A. Salem, Nashwa O. Khalifa, Marwa O. Abd El-Halim* 

... vital to implement the appropriate preventive measures.

Keywords | Fasciola species, Prevalence, Phylogenetic analysis, ITS2 gene, Public health. 

...
Farzana Bashir2, Aysha Saleem1, Khalid Iqbal Khichi2, Rubina Nelofer3* and Rauf Ahmad Khan2
...hem as a cost effective approach for the removal of microbial contaminant from drinking water. The copper nanoparticles (Cu-NP) were prepared by using copper sulphate, sodium hydroxide and ascorbic acid and then embedded on rice husk for the removal of bacterial contaminants from drinking water. The Cu-NP embedded rice husk then characterized by SEM, EMAX and ICP-OES techniques. The antibacterial activity was determined by column studies using response surface...

Muhammad Said1, Amjad Hussain Mirani1, Abdul Kabir*1,2, Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan3, Abdul Latif Bhutto1, Ghulam Shabbir Barham1, Khaleeq Ur Rahman Bhutto4, Muhammad Uzair1, Maaz Khan1 

...ed, including proteomic approaches, particular immunoassays, and infrared thermography, all of which provide quick findings. This article efforts primarily on the complex methods of mastitis detection, as identification of the etiological agents are vital to preventing mastitis in dairy cows.

Keywords | Mastitis, Diagnosis, Bovine Mastitis, Immunoassays, Diagnostic Techniques, Chronic Mastitis 

...

Shad Mahfuz1,2†, Hong-Seok Mun1,3†, Veasna Chem1, Keiven Mark B Ampode1,4, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1,5, Hae-Rang Park1, Il-Byung Chung1, Young-Hwa Kim6, Chul-Ju Yang1,5* 

...erage number of feeding approaches in repellent feeder was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in bitrex chemical (denatonium benzoate) and thiophanate-methyl chemical. No differences were noted in the number of feeding approach among the natural repellent, capsaicin, red chili, ground garlic, and dead insects (Riptortus clavatus). Moreover, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) on the number of feeding a

Reza Aghnoum*, Hamid-Reza Sharifi, Masoud Ghodsi and Ahmad Zare Fizabadi

...athogenic nematodes in suppression of soil-borne pathogens including the fungal and pathogenic nematodes.

...

Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Muhammad Atiq*, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Muhammad Usman, Ahmad Nawaz, Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo, Azeem Akram and Hadeed Ahmad

...has been estimated that approximately 25 to 30% loses in mango production are due to anthracnose and stem end rot. Previous investigations revealed that the disease incidence may reach up to 100% on fruits under humid conditions. Many management strategies such as chemical control, biocontrol, use of Phyto-extracts and nanotechnological approaches have been introduced to combat this disease. The synthetic fungicides are used...

Florence N. Nworah*, Nene O. Uchendu, Ifeoma F. Chukwuma*, Emmanuel C. Ossai and Emmanuel C. Ezeako

...osphamide induced myelosuppression in rats. Blood constituents were determined to identify the presence of vitamins and minerals. Thirty albino rats used were grouped into six comprising of five rats each and each group except group A was induced with cyclophosphamide. Group A received normal saline, group B remained untreated, group C, D, E and F were respectively treated with standard haematopoietic drug, Ginovera (5 mg/kg body weight), 50 and 100 mg­&sh...

Mahmut Islamoglu

...P= Photoperiods (H)] is appropriate. This model was determined to have the best correlation (r = 0.755, r2 = 0.571, n = 122, P = 0.000). Moreover; It is determined that air temperature and photoperiod affect the migration of Sunn pest positively, while other parameters are not statistically significant.

...

Ansar Abbas1*, Muhammad Aman Ullah2, Abdul Waheed3 and Muhammad Asif4

... error (RMSE), relative approximation error (RAE), mean absolute deviation (MAD), coefficient of variation (CV %), Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) for comparing the predictive performance of CHAID and MLR. To improve the predictive ability, minimum number of parent (20) and child nodes (10) were set for CHAID algorithm. The empirical results revealed that HL was the most significant predictor of live BW of Thalli shee...
Abdullah Iqbal1, Muhammad Abubakar2, Shumaila Manzoor3, Muhammad Kamran Ameen4 and Rani Faryal1*
 
Mansha Tahir1, Abdul Rauf2,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi2,3*, Nuzhat Shafi2, Muhammad Hasnain Ali Gillani3, Sundus Khawaja4, Syeda Maria Fiaz Bukhari4, Tehniat Summer4 and Muhammad Majid Bashir2
...heir transmission. From approximately 16000 total individuals of population of Union Council Sena Daman 710 (4.4%) individuals were randomly screened for hepatitis B and C prevalence using Immuno-Chromatography Kits, ELISA and further confirmed by PCR. Among the tested individuals 174 (24.5%) including 90(51.7%) male and 84(48.3%) were found positive for both HBsAg and anti-HCV including 4.6% HBsAg positive, 19.7% anti-HCV positive. After ELISA 168 individuals...

Chattida Panprom1, Nakrob Pattanapon1, Wannisa Meepoo1, Soontaree Petchdee2* 

...erinarians in selecting appropriate anesthetic protocols and managing dogs with moderate to severe valvular degeneration during general soft tissue surgery. Three client-owned dogs with valve degeneration stages C or D who underwent general anesthesia for surgical treatment were included in this study. All dogs in this study were assigned to receive diazepam 0.3 mg/kg body weight, alfaxalone 2.5 mg/kg body weight, and a perioperative fluid rate of 5 ml/kg/hr. ...

Olatokunbo Hammed Osinowo1*, Maria Gbemisola Ogunnaike1 and Esther Toluwatope Tolorunju

...p in creating efficient approaches to poverty alleviation in West Africa. However, the right agricultural innovation technologies, such as irrigation, mechanization, and human capital, must be pursued in order to optimize the effects on poverty reduction.
...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan2, Rana Abdul Hameed Khan3, Khezir Hayat4, Saeed Ahmad5, Abdul Sattar6, Umair Faheem7, Hira Saher8 and Ayesha Bibi8

... (GSI: A non-parametric approach to determine yield stability) discriminated the genotype UAM-20 (GN08) as yielder cum stable one with the least GSI value of (6) followed by VH-418 (GN03), BH-225 (GN07) and Weal-Ag-11 (GN10) with same GSI value of (8). Approval of these genotypes for general cultivation from an authorized forum may be obtained to boost cotton production in the province.

...

Naheed Zahra*, Muhammad Qasim, Muhammad Azam Niazi, Muhammad Ishaq and Mubbashira Nazir

...kistan by applying ARDL approach. In this study secondary data was used from 1980 to 2018. The estimated results of the study revealed that own prices of gram pulse have positive but statistically insignificant impact on pulses’ production. This can possibly be explained by the fact that pulses are considered a risky crop due to yield fluctuations when compared to the competing cereal and other cash crops. Gram production in the Punjab is negatively affe...

Ahmed Abdul Gafar

...ould advocate different approach to the challenges faced. The main objective of this study is to highlight how the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown affected the activities of the rice farmers, the rice supply chain to find out if the general view of the impact from literatures is similar or different and then propose pro-active measures/strategies to mitigating shocks against any future outbreak. Data were collected from over 300 households which include about 165 r...

Bilal Atta1*, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Syed Sultan Ali1, Muhammad Rizwan2, Muhammad Dildar Gogi3, Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Tahir Hussain Awan4, Tahir Latif4, Mohsin Ali Raza1, Muhammad Afzal5 and Nadeem Rehman6

...earchers for the timely appropriate management, development of new management tactics, and rice cultivars resistant to T. castaneum. 
 
Novelty Statement | This is the first study in Pakistan to test these four varieties (which are being grown on a large area in the Punjab) for feeding preference of T. castaneum and associated post-harvest losses.
...

Riaz Noor Panhwar1*, Abdul Fatah Soomro1, Muhammad Chohan1, Illahi Bux Bhatti1, Ali Hassan Mari1, Samia Arain1 and Sagheer Ahmad2

... Limited work regarding appraisal of variation in lately evolved sugarcane genotypes for morphological and quality-related characters has been reported in Pakistan. Evaluation of sugarcane genotypes for desired attributes acceptable to growers and sugar mills is necessary before releasing them as commercial varieties. The study was undertaken to evaluate variations in sugarcane genotypes employing four morphological (Cane thickness, cane height, millable stalk...

Farah Naz1*, Asad Umair2 and Ghazala Noureen3

...phenomena. By taking an approach that considers not only the biological but also the sociological aspects of a pandemic, better preventative strategies could have been devised. In this review paper we look at the COVID-19 pandemic from inequalities perspective to explain why health issues and related preventive measures are hard to separate from socioeconomic gradients.

...

Farrukh Shehzad1, Muhammad Islam1,2*, Muhammad Omar3, Syed Ijaz Hussain Shah4, Rizwan Ahmed5 and Naeem Sohail6

Yar Muhammad Jalbani1,2*, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Kiran Nazish2 and Yang Shuming1

... infra-red spectroscopy approach combined with chemometrics tool of data driven soft independent modeling of class analogy. The meat samples from day 0 were selected as target class and checked against other day samples. All the samples were accepted for training data set with 4 PCs while for test data set the constructed model accepted 100% samples and 100% rejection for other day samples. Three PCs were depicted for target class 3 and model accepted all the ...

Maha Mostafa1, Sohail Soliman1, Reham I. Mohamed2 and Wael M. El-Sayed1*

...n: justify;">One of the approaches to the control of rodent pests is the use of anti-fertility compounds such as synthetic steroids, estrogens, progestins, androgens, chemical compounds, and natural plant extracts. The aim of this approach is to lower the population size of pests by reducing the natality rather than by increasing mortality. Male (20) and female (40) albino mice were orally administered testosterone at 25 mg/...

Saba Rehman1, Faisal Salih Hayat1, Sadia Norin2, Abdul Aziz1, Siddiq Ur Rahman1* and Noor ul Haq1*

... may lead to escape the approved vaccinations. Here the VOC mutations i.e., OMICRON VARIANT have been discussed in detail, and the therapeutic strategies to enhance the host immune responses have been proposed. Additionally, a computational approach is proposed to design the drug and vaccine for the variant. The protein structure for the OMICRON variant has been predicted through bioinformatics tools and several databases ha...
Serkan Özkaya1*, Oktay Özkan2, Sabri Erbas3, Isa Gökhan Yalçın4, Dariusz Piwczynski5 and Wojciech Neja5 
...yield of livestock are suppressed due to the oxidative stress to which they are also exposed. In the present study, it was investigated whether Oreganum onites L. aromatic water (OW) could serve as an agent of reducing the effects of oxidative stress while improving the growth performance of suckling Holstein calves. Twenty-eight newborn calves (n=7, in each group) were randomly selected and assigned to the following four treatments: Control, 40, 60 and 80 ml ...

Amal G. Abdelrahman1, Nabil A. Yassien1, Hussein M.H. Mohamed1, Khaled S. Tolba2, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem1* 

...ore, this study aims to appropriate utilization of this meat to produce less expensive and highly nutritious value-added chicken meat patties. In this context, five groups of spent hen meat patties were formulated as follows: The first and 2nd groups were treated with 5 % and 7 % of kiwi extract, the 3rd and 4th groups were treated with 5 % and 7 % of pineapple extract, meanwhile, the 5th group was treated with a mixture of those extracts (5% kiwi + 5 % pineap...

Ilhama G. Kerimova1*, Viktor A.Krivokhatsky2, Merve N. Aydemir3 and Lala N. Mamedova4

...be identical. A genetic approach forces us to synonymize these two names: Ascalaphus hamata (Klug, 1834) Bubopsis andromache (Aspöck et al., 1979) syn. n. A noticeable convergence of the compact cluster of the genus Bubopsis (Mac Lachlan, 1898) with the owlfly Deleproctophylla variegata (Klug, 1845), which, together belongs to the subfamily (Ascalaphinae Lefèbvre, 1842), indicates a characteristic point of embranchment in the genus Libelloides (Sch...

Manzoor Ali Magsi1*, Naimatullah Laghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, and Habibullah Magsi2

...s of soils to introduce appropriate tillage practices that perform better and are site-specific not only for wheat rotation but for other crops. Further experiments should be conducted to analyze the impact of deep tillage treatments on the tillage practices and organic fertilizers on soil properties, growth, and yield of the wheat crop.

...

Rao Mansor Ali Khan* and Syed Amer Mahmood 

...ash;Ames–Stanford approach) model was uniform for the complete study site; however, the actual yield was about 74% less than CASA generated yield in various plots. This issue was further investigated and found that the CASA model lacks various aspects. These aspects include soil suitability parameters, including pH, Organic matter, CaCO3, texture, and Electric Conductivity. The largest gap inthe CASA model, which affected the overall productivity of whea...
Huma Abbas1*, Nazir Javed1, Muhammad Kamran2, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Abdul Jabbar1, Akhtar Hameed1, Hira Abbas3, Azhar Iqbal2 and Ehetisham-ul-Haq2
... effective at nematode suppression rather than being curative. Then the impact of bio and synthetic chemicals were tested in combination with NPK on nematode reproduction. Following treatments i.e. Virtako + NPK, Cartap + NPK, Cure + NPK, Azadirachtin + NPK, control (N) and control (H) with ten replications were applied in pots containing tomato seedlings. Inoculation of 2000 freshly hatched J2s of M. incognita was done. Results revealed that combined effect w...
Xiao Zhang1, Guoqing Shen1, Yang Wang1, Pengdan Huang1,2, Yan Shui2, Zenghong Xu2 and Huaishun Shen1, 2*
...e size was projected as approximately 3.6 Gb. A total of 336,275 SSRs (simple sequence repeats) identified motifs were identified. There were 167,999 the most common type di-nucleotide repeat motifs (49.94%). The second most common repeats were the tri-nucleotide ones (131,405, 39.09%). A total of 312,454 microsatellite loci had flanking sequences. A subset of 56 primer pairs was randomly selected for the PCR experiments to validate the SSRs that had been iden...

Jin-Ming Zhao1,2, Yun Fang2 and Yue-Hua Sun2*

...ccurately before taking appropriate conservation actions. In this study, we estimated the nest age of Chinese grouse using the weight loss method, which has been found to be easily been conducted and also has a high accuracy compared with other methods, such as egg candling and floating. Our results confirmed the conveniency and accuracy of the weight loss method in estimating nest ages of Chinese grouse. We further discussed some cautions when applying the we...

S. F. A. Awad-Allah 1 and M. S. Khalil 2

...ted treatments greatly suppressed (P ≤ 0.05) the numbers of galls, egg-masses and nematode final populations. The most potent materials in reducing the numbers of M. incognita in banana soil, in a descending order, were: fenamiphos, Nemaless®, vermicompost and vermicompost tea (VCT).

...

Y. Danso†, J. Adomako, K. Osei and B. Abugri

...esistance potential by suppressing reproduction, development and establishment of the obligate parasite. Gall index, stem girth, plant height and shoot dry matter weights were not significantly affected. These maize varieties could be incorporated into well planned crop-land rotational and maize breeding systems to minimize M. incognita populations’ build-up and damage to susceptible crops such as okra which follow maize in a crop rotation system.

...

Hira Anwar1, Muhammad Jabran1,3, Anam Moosa2, Usman Arshad2, Abdul Haseeb1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Burhan4, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed5 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*

...fective in causing the suppression of RKNs and promotion of plant growth. This study illustrates the role of endophytic bacteria in controlling root knot nematode infection through the different changes in plants.

...

Dzulhelmi Muhammad Nasir1,*, Suriyanti Su2, Van Lun Low3, Zulqarnain Mohamed1 and Norma-Rashid Yusoff1

...this study, a molecular approach was utilized to produce a more precise and accurate result in an effort to identify, delineate and verify the species. Mitochondria-encoded cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and nuclear-encoded 18S rRNA (18S) genes) were adopted to establish DNA bacodes for 17 species of tetragnathid spiders (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in Malaysia. Generally, the molecular data of tetragnathid spiders was consistent with their classification based upon ...

Shafia Riaz1, Khalid Abbas1*, Tanveer Ahmed1,2*, Huma Naz3, Hina Amjad1 and Shahbaz Ahmad1

... to growth performance. Appraisal fish fingerlings were reared in glass aquaria (twenty fish per population) for 60 days under similar environmental conditions. Condition factor (K) and growth parameters (wet weight, fork and total length) were measured fortnightly. The morphometric data were analyzed using SPSS. Genetics characterization was performed by employing five species specific polymorphic microsatellite markers. Overall, the results of growth trial c...
A.M. El-Baha1, A. A. El-Sherbiny2†, M. Z. M. Salem1, N. Shaarawy3 and N. H. Mohamed3
...g egg hatchability and suppressing J2 viability. Probit analysis results showed median
inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 412.7 and 615.9 mg/l for C. citriodora and E. camaldulensis leaves EOs,
respectively. In addition, the lethal concentrations (LC) causing 50% J2 mortality (LC50) of C. citriodora and E.
camaldulensis oils were 235.9 and 327.7 mg/l, for C. citriodora and E. camaldulensis leaves EOs, respectively.

M. A. Radwan†, M. M. Abu-Elamayem, S. A. A. Farrag and N. S. Ahmed

...v>...

Nadia A Eltablawy1, Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed2, Hamed Mohamed Abdel Barry2, Marwa A. Ibrahim3*, Maha Nageib Ahmed Serag ElDein2 

... at 100 and 200 mg /kg suppress the harmful effect of DOX on heart tissue. Conclusion: TME is a potent cardiac protective agent that protects and preserves the heart tissue against the deleterious effect of doxorubicin.

Keywords | Terminalia Muelleri; Doxorubicin; iNOS; eNOS; Top 2 ß 

...

I. Kepenekci1†, S. Toksöz2, T. Atay1 and I. Saruhan2

...1) (200 IJs insect-1 or approximately 15 IJs cm-2) at 25°C temperatures. The data for mortality was
recorded after 2, 4, 6 and 8 days intervals. Insect mortality of the adult was higher in all nematode treatments than
the control. Turkish EPN isolate S. carpocapsae (Black sea) and Kyrgyz EPN isolate S. feltiae (KG3) species
showed the highest mortality (98.66%).
...

A. S. A. Saad1, M. B. Al-Kadi1, A. A. A. Deeabes2 and A. M. El-Kholy2

...0.42 mg/g) and highest suppression in total proteins (10.41 mg/g), total sugars (7.86 mg/g) and reduced sugars (3.09 mg/g) as compared with untreated check. Moreover, citric acid was the most effective treatment which exhibited the highest values of total phenols (0.69 mg/g), total protein (18.08 mg/g), total sugar (17.89 mg/g) and reduced sugar (10.05 mg/g), whereas cattle manure gave the least values of total phenols (0.47 mg/g), total protein (11.70 mg/g), ...

S. Riffat†, S. Kumar and A. Soomro

... there was significant suppression of oocytes and testis development in infected individuals.

...

Muhammad Nadeem1*, Aneeta Rehman1, Masooma Munir1*, Hira Fatima2, Faiqa Malik1, Aqsa Iqbal1 and Alaiha Asif3

... and T2) of date bar of approximately 36±2g weight with high nutritional value were prepared on the basis of water chestnut supplementation. For this purpose, water chestnut powder and date paste were used in different proportion. These bars were analyzed for physico-chemical, microbial and sensory analysis characteristics. The proximate analysis of date bars supplemented with water chestnut indicated that the moisture, crude protein, fat, fiber, ash an...

I. Jafri, A.A. Shahid, A. Ibrahim† and M. Atif

.../div>
remarkably suppressed nematode infestations because they act as growth inhabiting agents for juveniles;
reduce gall masses, diminish knot formation on root system, toghether with increasing shoot and root
length as compared to other treatments.
...

A.S. Ardakani

...ll other treatments in suppressing the M. incognita population (267 and 289 J2/g soil)
and thus, significantly (P  0.05) less gall formation (237 and 361) respectively, as compared to untreated
inoculated control (1368 galls per plant). Also the treatment of H. indica @ 160 J3/g soil alone, reduced the
number of galls (433) significantly in comparison with inoculated control (only M. incognita J2/g soil). All
th...

N. Hajra, F. Shahina1, †, K. Firoza1 and R. Maria

...es. However, VAM fungi suppressed the effects of root-knot nematodes in
T4. Giant cells, egg-masses and females of nematodes were observed in T2, T5 and to some extent in T3. VAM fungi
spores were seen in cortical as well as in pith region of root in T3.
...

R.R. Arain, R.N. Syed, A.Q. Rajput, M.A. Khanzada1, N.A. Rajput and A.M. Lodhi1

...ge number of galls and suppressed the tomato
plant growth significantly. Three different concentrations of neem extract, furadan and Trichoderma harzianum
were evaluated to control the M. incognita. All concentrations proved effective in reducing the disease
development in nematode inoculated tomato plants. However, high dose of furadan became phytotoxic and plant
growth was checked together with a number of gall...

T. Shiferaw†, N. Dechassa* and P.K. Sakhuja*

...t 200 kg/ha remarkably suppressed root-knot nematode infestation.
...

A.A. Mokbel

... were susceptible. The suppressive
efficacy of using three isolates of Pasteuria penetrans (Pp) against M. arenaria race 1 infected peanut was tested
through two microplot experiments during two growing seasons 2011-12. Treatments in 1st season with two
concentrations of the three mixed Pp isolates caused the highest reduction of 74.8-86.9% in number of nematode
root galls, egg-masses/root system and number of J2...

A.A. Anter, A.W. Amin†, A.H. Ashoub* and A.S. El-Nuby*

...re-inoculation only in suppressing M. incognita population.
Enzyme activity of both peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were elevated in infected tomato roots than
healthy ones. Chemical activators showed enhancing in these antioxidant activities, indicating the SAR four
chemicals was occurred. In conclusion, CSA, NSA, BABA and SA have
...

Soshe Ahmed1*, Mst. Ishrat Zerin Moni1, Maksuda Begum2, Md. Jafar Eqbal3, Md. Shahidul Islam4, Mst. Samira Tanjim1, Mst. Rokeya Sultana1 

...ter and finisher, where appropriate. Performance parameters include feed intake (g/birds), body weight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and viability% for growth periods (1 d to 7 d, 1 d to 14 d, 1 d to 21 d, 1 d to 28 d) were calculated. All chicks were vaccinated with live attenuated Newcastle Disease Virus LaSota strain on day 2 via eye drop vaccination, along with other basic immunization schemes. After 14 days of ND vaccination, post-vacci...
Ghulam Jelani1, Qudratullah Kalwar1*, Asmatullah Kaka2, Abdullah Channo2, Ayyaz Ahmed1, Majid Hussain Soomro1, Hidayatullah Soomro1, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1 and Yar Muhammad Jalbani1
...embryos in 1890, it was approximately 60 years before significant progress became quite noticeable in the basic technology of embryo transfer in cattle. In embryo transfer process, embryo is collected from superior quality donor cattle and transferred to other recipient female cattle for complete development unless the gestation accomplishes. This technology involves the selection of donor and recipient animals, management for better breeding evaluation, embry...

Ahmad Abrar Khan1*, Ghulam Qadar1, Asif Ali Abro2 and Muhammad Awais3

...acre yield of tomato. Inappropriate and cultural practices, high dependency on agrovet dealers and fellow farmers were the key factors of yield losses. It is recommended to spray on the proper time along with follow-ups and physical control techniques. Selection of right time, control methods, appropriate insecticides/pesticides along-with recommended dose and treatments must be defined by the recommendations of agriculture ...

Saima Mumtaz1,3*, M. Imran Kasana1, Riaz Alam1, Noorullah Khan1, Muhammad Noman1, Sanjeela Sabahat1 and Hussain Shah2

...o;Gola” was found appropriate for development of heavier (10.2±0.57gm), longer (27cm) and more number of roots (6.4±0.81) compared to all other cultivars. Moreover, considerable difference was observed for root ability among all litchi cultivars tested as “Gola” produced maximum, longer and heavier roots with less mortality rate compared to all other cultivars. 

...
Aulia Evi Susanti1*, Rudy Priyanto2, Muladno2, Dewi Apri Astuti3, Lucia Cyrilla2
...s with a dynamic system approach. Data were collected through interview methods to obtain data on production systems and business models, reproductive and economic parameters, and feed applications to obtain production parameters at the Field Station-School for Smallholder Community (FS-SSC) Maju Bersama, Musi Banyuasin Regency in 2021. The feed application experimental design used a factorial 3x2 Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 replications. A descripti...
Makruf Arif1*, Claude Mona Airin1, Dwi Sunu Datrianto2, Dinda Anggun Roro Sejati3
...n is very important to suppress lipid peroxidation so it can maintain the quality of the sperm. This study aimed to determine additional honey to the quality of KUB rooster sperm during cold storage. The semen with superior quality was diluted into four different treatments, lactate ringer egg yolk without honey as control (LREY0),     LREY with 0.2% honey (LREY2), LREY with 0.4% honey (LREY4), and LREY with 0.6% honey (LREY6). Semen was stored ...
Rafik Soliman1, Neven Waheeb2, Essam Nasr2, Mahmoud El-Hariri1, Heidy Abo-Elyazeed1, Hassan Aboul-Ella1*

Tariq Mahmood1*, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Sami Ullah1, Bilal Ahmad3, Zarmina Aslam4, Naveed Ahmad Khan5, Muhammad Shahzaib Tariq6, Muhammad Ali Raza6, Rana Usama Iqbal7 and Samia Zain8

... variations, monitoring approaches, and the need of preservation and conservation of these essential pollinators. To determine honey bee ecotypes and local species that are more resistant to pests, diseases, and pesticides, as well as to quantify the synergistic impacts of the probable causes of present colony loss, further research is required.

...

S.H.M. Faruk Siddiki1*, Md. Golam Morshed2, Md Robiul Karim1, Lutfun Naher1, Md. Sodrul Islam3

...reported in this study. Appropriate strategic measures should be taken to control the diseases in the study area to minimize the farmers’ production losses.
 
Keywords | Cattle, Clinical diseases, Mirzapur Upazila, Bangladesh, Epidemiology
...

Roni Pazla1, Novirman Jamarun1*, Elihasridas1, Arief1, Gusri Yanti2, Zaitul Ikhlas2

...om Kacang goats through appropriate ration formulation based on fermented forage (sugarcane shoots and tithonia) with avocado waste. This formulation is expected to minimize the use of concentrate in the ration. This study used 16 male Kacang goats aged one year, which consisted of four groups based on body weight. The concentrate consists of rice bran, corn, palm kernel cake, salt, and minerals. The treatments were as follows: T0= 35% fermented sugarcane shoo...
Seyedmohammad Karimi1, Mohammad Darvishi2*, Mohammad Barati3, Ramin Hamidi Frahani4, Mohammad Hassan Kazemi5
...nt years. The first FDA approved drug in the treatment of this disease was Remdesivir, which, despite its many benefits, has harmful effects on the liver. Melatonin and N-acetylcysteine, two drugs that have previously been shown to protect the liver with their antioxidant properties, may reduce the hepatic toxicity induced by Remdesivir. Given that few studies have been performed on the role of oral melatonin and N-acetylcysteine on reducing the hepatic advers...
Fatma Salih Mohammed1*, Nasser Khedr1, Tahia Ahmed1, Liza S. Mohammed2
...birds. The most popular approach is solvent-extracted soybean meal (SE-SBM). However, extruded-expelled soybean meal (EE-SBM) is mainly utilized in organic poultry feed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding EE-SBM to broiler chicken Ross® 308 feed formulations on carcass traits and histomorphological changes in the intestine. A total of 198 one-day-old Ross® 308 chickens were randomly distributed into three groups with different dietary...

Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Yasir Iftikhar2, Qaiser Shakeel3*, Hafiz M. Imran Arshad4, Maria del Carmen Zuñiga Romano5 and Sarfaraz Hussain6

...octonia solani. Finding appropriate management strategies to combat the disease to minimize rice yield losses and reduce global food security threats is challenging. However, scientists are still figuring out the best way to safeguard rice crops from RSB. Recently various pathogenesis-related (PR) viz. PR-3, PR-5, PR-9, PR-10, PR-12, and PR-13 and WRKY genes have been discovered in rice crops which are engaged in plant defensive responses and responsible for v...

Muhammad Umair1,2, Muhammad Naeem1, Asad Jamil3 and Muhammad Younas2,4*

...ons can be an efficient approach due to its long-term stability in soil. Thus, a pot experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design to evaluate the effect of three different modified biochar on properties of saline-sodic soil and growth of maize. Rice husk biochar (RHB), wheat straw biochar (WSB) and orange peel biochar (OPB) were applied after washing with distilled water. Results showed that all treatments improved the soil chemical properties...

Hasina Basharat1, Muhammad Ramzan Ali2*, Aziz Ahmed2, Rehana Kausar2 and Shamim Akhter1

...g regime especially the appropriate amount feed offered, is very important. To determine the optimum feeding level for African catfish culture, an experiment was conducted in earthen ponds of size 0.02 hectare each, for the period of four months at a stocking rate of 10,000 fingerlings per hectare (500 fish/acre). The experiment design was CRD with four treatments (2%, 4%, 6% and 8% feeding level of wet fish body weight daily) having 3 replications. The feedin...

Muhammad Afzal1,3*, Shafqat Saeed1, Hasan Riaz1, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, M. Habib ur Rahman2

...ctices contributing to suppress this disease. The study is helpful in understanding population dynamics of whitefly cryptic species interaction with the begomoviruses and alternative host plants which is imperative to devise effective management strategies for CLCuD and its vector whitefly.

...

J. Salma and F. Shahina

... ve juveniles increased approximately two fold in assemblage medium. In vivo production of IJs in G. mellonella larvae and in vitro soya flour medium were also expose...

Yusri Sapsuha1*, Nur Sjafani1, Suryati Tjokrodiningrat2

...alth. Administration of appropriate dose is believed to replace the role of AGP, which is currently prohibited from its use in broiler chicken feed.
 
Keywords | AGP, Broiler, Cloves, Health status, Performance
...

Alsaied Alnaimy Habeeb*, Amaal M. Kamal, Mostafa Abbas A. Atta, Ahmed K. Sharaf  

...ion while the isolation approach raises the level of the hormone estradiol, which improves the rate of conception.

Keywords | Behavioral parameters, Conception rate, Milk yield, Rabbits, Separation.  

...

Athhar Manabi Diansyah1, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2, Tulus Maulana3, Hasrin4, Abdullah Baharun5 

... in which developed for approximately last ten years is Bali-polled bull. Thus, the selection of polled bulls is crucial, mainly in modern livestock management. The aims of this study to identify sperms post-thawing quality and proteomic plasma semen as fertility performance in Bali-polled bull. The utilization of Bali-horned bulls as a point of reference was necessary to achieve this aim. The semen samples from Bali-horned and Bali-polled bulls were obtained ...

Saleem Hussain1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Tauqir Anwar1, Talha Nazir2*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3, Zohaib Asad2,4, Muhammad Adnan3 and Tajwar Alam5

...nificant mortality and suppression of S. graminum individuals at 72 h after treatment in the laboratory and at 10th day post-treatment in the field. In laboratory bioassay, maximum aphid mortality was caused by the extracts of D. stramonium (92%), A. indica (84%), N. tabacum (78%) and M. azedarach (70%) at 72 h post-treatment at their highest concentration (1000 ppm). Results of field trial showed significant aphid mortality by D. stramonium (78%), A. indica (...

Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Luqman1*, Sheer Abbas2, Usman Saleem1, Abdul-Gafar Ahmed3 and Muhammad Salman Aslam1

...tions. Farmers have not appropriate resources to recover these gaps produced by climate changes. This study makes an attempt to check farmers’ awareness regarding climate. It also inspects the inferences of climate change on major cereal crops like wheat, maize and rice at district level. It is expected that majority of crops under consideration to be harmfully affected by increasing temperature and irregular rainfalls. It is also observed and categorize...

JAVERIA NEHAL1, ARIF MUHAMMAD KHAN1, AZHAR ABBAS KHAN*2, MUHAMMAD MUBIN3, HAFIZ MUHAMMAD TAHIR4 & JAVED IQBAL5

...ased diagnostic test is appropriate for monitoring pathogen in a very short time compared to laborious, non-specific and expensive protocols. ELISA, Nested PCR has been used for many years in different countries. Citrus orchards in Sargodha region were surveyed and leaf samples showing typical symptoms of citrus canker were collected. Infected section of leaf was taken for isolation of bacteria. Lesions were cut into parts and streak bacteria by the help of in...
TAHIR MEHMOOD*, ANUM AFZAL, ABDUL KARIM, MUHAMMAD ASHRAF SHAHEEN &
HINA ARSHAD
...of present study was to appraise the bioactivity of compounds using TFC (total flavonoid content), DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power assay and ABTS (radical scavenging activity) of different solvent extracts, from Citrus limon (unripe and ripened) peels. In unripe peels the total flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing power ranged from 18.23-57.56 mg/g CE (catechin equivalent), 21.69-65.82%, 3...
 
 ASMAT MEHMOOD, ZAEEMA KHAN AND NAILA MALKANI* 
...d the development of an appropriate nationwide system of cancer registry. 
...

Ubaida Hussain1,2*, Amtul Jamil Sami1*, Shazia Rafique3*, Muhammad Idrees khan3 and Ahmad Ali Shahid3

...s (HCV) has infected an approximate of 170-200 million people worldwide. This unique RNA virus escapes the immunity in most infected people and forms a chronic infection which can progress to liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, hepatic cancer, and death. The goal of this work was to assess the cytotoxicity and in vitro inhibitory activities of local medicinal plant Azadirachta indica (A. indica) extracts on expression of NS3 and NS5A nonstructural proteins of HCV 3a ge...

Chenchen Liu1,2, Tong Wang1, Muhammad Khan3*, Xiaolin Cui2 and Yongming Li1,2*

...nally, ALT effectively suppressed growth and induced apoptosis in cisplatin resistant A2780/CR cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that ALT could be developed into a lead for effective treatment of ovarian cancer.

...
Syeda Fakhra Waheed1, Asim Aslam1*, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Beenish Zahid3
...e most important immunosuppressive diseases of the poultry and has been a constraint on sustainable food security around the globe, including Pakistan. This disease damages the bursa of Fabricius (BF), which causes immunosuppression in birds. A total of 50 tissue samples from backyard chicken flocks presenting suspected symptoms were collected during February 2020 and March 2021 for genetic characterization, followed by phyl...

Hanaa M. Abdelkhalek1, Hanan E. Nagib1, Randa S. Elias1, Saad S. Mansour1, Walid S. Mousa2*

...floxacin plus amikacin suppressed the resistance pattern P. aeruginosa isolates. Therefore, their combination showed synergistic bacterial potential antimicrobial activity in treatment of mastitis due to P. aeruginosa infection and help in reducing the resistance problem.
 
Keywords | Amikacin, P. areuginosa, mPCR, Norfloxacin, Virulence, Resistance, Mastitis
...

Fathin Faahimaah Abdul Hamid1, Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan1*, Jasni Sabri1 , Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah2,Mohammed Naji Odhah1, Nur Athirah Binti Abdul Manaf1, Mohd Jefri Norsidin2 , Siti Nor Che Yahya1, Intan Noor Aina Kamaruzaman1, Nur Zul Izzati Mohd Rajdi1 

...veness of the treatment approach in reducing the severity of infection. Healthy goats (n=20) were equally divided into 5 groups: Mannheimia haemolytica 107 concentration was inoculated intranasally to all goats except goats of Group 1 which served as the negative control, Group 2 was the positive control, Group 3 goats treated with oxytetracycline, Group 4 goats were treated with flunixin meglumine, and group 5 received both oxytetracycline and flunixin meglum...

Faradji Khalil1*, Slimani Noureddine2 and Senoussi Abdelhakim3

...ers. The methodological approach followed to carry out our study requires the use of appropriate observation or survey methods and the use of analysis means adapted to the situations encountered. In this context, the means used to carry out this work are based on documentary research, surveys and observations. Based on field investigations, three main categories of livestock breeders were distinguished the farmers surveyed h...

Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob1, Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef2*, Entesar H. Taha1, Mona M.S. Zayed3, Hassan Abd- El-Khair4 and Nora R.A. Saleh2

Usama Saleem1, Muhammad Asrar1*, Dilbar Hussain2, Saddam Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar2, Hassan Usman1, Muhammad Imran1, Mubshar Saleem3 and Maryam Hamid1

...n integrated management approach.

...

M. A. Amer1; M. H. El-Hammady2; H. M. Mazyad1; A. A. Shalabyl and F. M. Abo-El-abbas

...ntibodies. The CP gene, approximately 32 KDa reacted successfully with P VY specific monoclonal antibodies in dot blot immunobinding assay (DIBA) as well as in western blot assay. The nucleotide sequence of the Egyptian isolate of PVY CP gene was determined to be 801 nucleotides in length encoding a deduced 267 amino acid. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a range of 96- 99.5 % sequence identity among the PVYNTN isolate (PVY-T, PVY SWS, PVY II and PVY NTN)...

E. K. Allam1; Kh. A. El-Dougdoug1; M. A. Amer2; A. A. Abou-Zaid2; and S. M. Amin2

...A major cDNA product of approximately 360 bp was successfully hybridized with digoxigenin labeled PSTVd cDNA probe.

...

Muhammad Ismail1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2, Zarina Qasim3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*

... management (IPM) is an appropriate and sustainable strategy for controlling fruit flies as it is based on integrated application of all available pest control methods with minimum implication of hazardous synthetic insecticides. In this study, five treatments including field sanitation (T1), pheromone-based attract and kill strategy (T2), protein-based bait method (T3), combination of all three methods (T4) and control (T5) were evaluated against B. dorsalis ...

Muhammad Zeeshan Khan1*, Umar Khitab Saddozai1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Mohammad SafdarBaloch1, Atiq Ahmad Alazai2 and Muhammad Amjad Nadim1

...e the efficacy of newly approved weedicides to control weeds in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, during season of 2019-2020. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having 3 replications. It is concluded from the present research that for obtaining maximum wheat production, the weeds should be removed by hoeing (hand weeding) if labor is not a major problem, however among the...

Muhammad Akram¹,²*, Rashid Mahmood³, Fahim Arshad4 and Umer Farooq Gohar5

... long-term conservation approaches are available. We employed an in vitro plant tissue culture technique to develop a mass propagation system for the effective multiplication and conservation of P. minima. Juvenile leaves were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 µM thidiazuron (TDZ). As a result, 100% callus induction was achieved on the medium containing 1.0 µM TDZ. Notably, calli grown on 1.0 µM TDZ exh...

Wuritunashun*, Burenbatu, Narenqiqige, Jiuguniang, Eerdunduleng, Shuanglian Wang, Cuiqin Gong, Hashengaowa, Huizhi Jin, Baiwurihan and Chunhaizi

...cation (LFQ) proteomics approach to investigate the effect of the Zhenbao pill on the differential serum protein expression of HSP patients. Out of 14 significantly differentially expressed proteins, four proteins immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-27, immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-11, neural cell adhesion molecule L1-like protein, and immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-33 were upregulated, whereas 10 proteins i.e., protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor, C4b-bin...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1,  Muhammad Arshad2, Sohail Akhter3
Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Rizwan1, Muddassir Ali1 and Arshad Makhdoon Sabir1
...es are a quick tool to suppress insect pests and an important element of integrated pest management (IPM). λ cyhalothrin, a pyrethroid, is commonly used to manage economic insect pests in agricultural crops since long. An assay was designed to evaluate the efficacy of λ cyhalothrin on biological parameters of generalist predator, Coccinella septempunctata. Results indicated that λ cyhalothin has no significant impact on developmental life ...

Shaimaa A.Tawfik2,3, EL S.T. Awad1*, Hoda O.Abu Bakr1, Amira M.Gamal-Eldeen4, Esmat Ashour2, Ismail M.Ahmed1  

...CSO treatment led to a suppression in hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity induced by DOX in male albino rats evidenced by a significant enhancement in the activity of ALT, GGT, LDH, AST, also creatinine and uric acid. CSO induced antioxidant activity GSH, CAT and inhibited MDA. Histopathological examination in sections of liver, kidney and heart tissues were confirmed these findings. In liver tissues, DOX resulted in an observable induction in CY...

Tajul Islam Mamun, Jillur Rahman, Mahmudul Hasan, Md. Jamal Hossain, Md Wakil Mahmud and Kamruz Zaman

.... The study showed that approximately 3% (15/479) of cats had feline infectious peritonitis base on clinical history, clinical examination, FIP antibody kit test, blood test and Rivalta’s test. The prevalence of young cats was 6.94%, sexually intact cats 5.29% and 20% of cats in poor health conditions were significantly associated with the occurrence of FIP (p ≤ 0.05). Sex and breed were not statistically associated with FIP but had a comparatively hi...

Anwar ul Haq1, Maqsooda Parveen2, Shehzadi Saima3* and Khalid Masood Ahmad1*

...ptimum concentration of appropriate auxins is used to promote effective rooting. Completely randomized design (CRD) is adopted and it consisted of five treatments including control and different concentration of both auxins viz. 1-Naphthalene acetic acid (50 mg/L,100 mg/L) and Indole-3-acetic acid (100 mg/L, 200 mg/L) on tip cuttings of chrysanthemum. In this experiment, 15 pots of 9-inch diameter were used which were filled with silt, leaf mould and well rott...

Roy Malindo1, Anuraga Jayanegara2, Osfar Sjofjan3, Siti Chuzaemi3*

...ed an analytical survey approach. Data collection consisted of interviews and observations based on a questionnaire. The observed forage land area was 96.5 ha, including cropland of 26.5 ha and pasture of 70 ha. A total of 760 Bali cattle were observed to determine weight gain. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using general linear model (GLM) was carried out using SAS OnDemand for Acad...

Munasik*, Titin Widiyastuti, Caribu Hadi Prayitno

...with Na-glutamate. This approach can increase the sustainability of feed availability and reduce the dependence on corn as the primary energy source for livestock.
 
Keywords | Alternative feed, Cassava dreg, Fermentation, Red oncom mushrooms, Tofu dreg
...

Abdul Hassan1*, Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Ghulam Sadiq2 and Asif Nawaz3

...ipal component analysis approach and regression analysis. The data were collected randomly from 130 sampled vegetable growers comprised of 65 respondents each from Nowshera and Charsadda districts through pre-tested interview schedule during financial year 2020-21. Principal Component Analysis was used for determining the risk and coping strategies of the farmers. Moreover, Ordinary Least Square regression model was applied for determining the relationship amo...

Md. Rashedul Islam1, Abul Farah Md. Hasanuzzaman1*, Md. Latiful Islam2, Ghausiatur Reza Banu1 

...tchery operators taking appropriate measures to strengthen the biosecurity line for controlling bacterial contamination of the various biological and physical components, and thus for reducing larval mortality within an acceptable range in captivity.

...

Rukhsana Anwar1*, Muhammad Usman Khalil1 and Kanwal Ashiq1,2

...re, methanolic extract suppressed 45% ACE activity in hypertensive rats compared to the normal control group. According to the current findings, a methanolic extract of Colebrookea oppositifolia leaves decreases blood pressure via constraining the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). 

...

Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Imtiaz Khan1*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Javed Khan2, Shahid Sattar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan and  Muhammad Salim

...n was 2.06742 days. The approximate generation time (Tc)was 3.1 days and innate capacity for increase (rc) was 0.335371 days. The present finding indicates that C. carnea is a voracious predator which can very easily be utilized for the management of M. persicae.

...

Ahmad Shahzaib1*, Tabish Raza2 and Aisha Areej2

... clinical use of immunosuppressive therapies, including cytokine blockade, JAK, and IL-6 inhibition in severely ill COVID-19 patients, is associated with increased secondary infections. Therefore, the current review aims to collect literature on the incidence of COVID-19 co-infections and immune-inflammatory responses to such infections. A better understanding of immune-inflammatory markers of COVID-19-associated coinfections is vital to advance COVID-19 treat...

Budi Guntoro1*, Agung Triatmojo1, Bambang Ariyadi2, Nguyen Hoang Qui1 

...k (65.01% farmers had inappropriate practices). It could be concluded that Yogyakarta’s cattle farmers are susceptible pose a risk from FMD prevention practices. Besides, farmers’ Anthrax knowledge should be enhanced, as their knowledge and practices were poor. 

...

Winda Sartika1*, Budi Hartono2, Hari Dwi Utami2, Lilik Eka Radiati2 

...supply chain management approaches. Research using the survey method, snowball sampling in the rendang industry with raw beef, and purposive and accidental sampling on the supply chain institutions involved in rendang production. The research respondents comprised 61 respondents from the rendang industry, including suppliers of raw materials, distributors, and consumers of rendang with qualitative and quantitative descriptive data analysis. The results of the ...

Jawad Ali1,*, Samiya Rehman1, Aqsa Aslam1, Fouzia Tanvir2, Rida Liaqat1, Muhammad Ahmad1, Aamir Riaz1, Muhammad Shafique3, Hassan Ali1 and Amjad Ali1

... antidepressant, immunosuppressive, anti-microbial properties to the W. coagulans Dunal. Plant samples from Mianwalli, Kohat, and Sargodha city were gathered for antioxidant potential determination. Free radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity experiments were performed on the samples using the DPPH and Phosphomolybdenum methods. Results shows leaves extract from Mianwali has the highest total antioxidant capacity while stems collected form ...

Imtiaz Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad1, Ahmad ur Rahman Saljoqi1, Shah Alam Khan1, Javed Khan3 and Muhammad Azim Khan2

...IPM programmes for the suppression of P. perpusilla infestation.

...

Abdulaziz A. Alaqil

...atio in the EC group by approximately 7.7, 22.5, 30.6, and 33.3%, respectively, relative to the group C. The spleen, thymus, and bursa indexes as relative weights of FBW were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by approximately 16%, 20%, and 35%, respectively, due to EC. Other immunological aspects were significantly (p < 0.05) impaired by EC challenge, recording a reduction of 38% in the total white blood cells counts,...

Navjot Hothi 

... to be effectively low. Appropriate precautionary measures need to be implemented now to curb the re-emergence of the disease. 

...

Khalil1*, Dwi Ananta1, Andri Bachtiar2, Hermon3

...t wrapping was the most appropriate method to maintain the moisture, and nutrient content of supplemented rice straw during storage.
 
Keywords | Calcined mineral, Physical appearance, Rice straw storage, Supplemented rice straw, Pesisir cattle
...

Mati Ullah1*, Muhammad Rizwan2, Ali Raza3, Xianlin Zhao4, Yanling Sun4, Sarah Gul5, Muhammad Ihtesham Waheed6, Muhammad Nadeem Khan7, Alvina Gul8, Sami Ullah Jan9* and Chao Huang4*

...t-generation sequencing approach. The GC contents of the characterized strains were in the range of 46.03 to 46.52% while the protein-coding sequences (CDS) were in the range of 2544 to 2888. The pan-genome analysis of the three strains identified a total of 5449 genes with 377 as core genes. The functional characterization by subsystem category distribution analysis revealed “Carbohydrates” is the largest subsystem followed by “protein metab...

Imtiaz Kashani and Sher Khan Panhwar*

...pulations is one of the appropriate, effective and widely adopted approaches to study population dynamics. To determine intrinsic population variability in goldstripe ponyfish, Karalla daura sampled from Keti Bunder, Karachi Fish Harbour, Hawks Bay and Pasni along the coastal belt of Pakistan. Size frequency distribution based on normal distribution demonstrates that individuals of 13 cm total length were common in all group...

Yufang Liu1,2, Guiling Cao3, Yujing Xie3 and Mingxing Chu1*

...es were constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technology, and puberty-related differential genes were screened. A total of 184 differentially expressed genes were screened, including 57, 68 and 59 in the AO, BO and EO groups, respectively. There are 22 differentially expressed genes were directly associated to the ovary development. According to the gene function analysis in KOG database, the known genes were clustered into 10 subdivisions...

Ahmad Noor and Malik Muhammad Shafi*

...he study recommended an approach of integrated water resource management to bring together relevant government departments, knowledge institutions, stakeholders and political leadership to an attractive option of climate change adaptation for groundwater resources preservation at district Karak.

...

Siswanto Imam Santoso*, Agus Setiadi, Wahyu Dyah Prastiwi 

...on center of Indonesia. Approximately 80% of duck egg production originates in this area. The variables utilized include socioeconomic characteristics of duck farmers, social variables, age, education, medicinal seeds, feed, dried-cooked rice, trash fish, processing, business pattern, marketing, technology, and production; the endogenous variable was sustainability. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using TETRAD-IV software was employed to establish the analy...

Desi Kurniati Agustina1,3, Suyadi Suyadi2*, Veronica Margaretha Ani Nugiartiningsih2, Kuswati Kuswati2 

...stored in a cold box at approximately 4°C. Data analysis was conducted at the Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia. A statistical analysis was conducted using analysis of variance using Proc Mixed with general linear model (GLM) using SAS studio for academics Online Edition. This study showed the Haematological profile and leucocyte differentiation of male and female Madura catt...

Roy Malindo1, Hosea Abdiel Duto Wicaksono2, Maskur2, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Osfar Sjofjan4, Siti Chuzaemi4* 

...ia. The system dynamics approach were employed to develop the model, and Pulukan data from 2019 to 2021 was used to validate the model. The data were analysed using Powersim Academic version 10. The dynamic modelling consisted of three sub-models, i.e., cattle population, forage production, and concentrate supplementation. The model predicted that the level of feed supply would increase as forage production was increased the cattle population was reduced and a...

Luh Gde Sri Surya Heryani1*, Ni Luh Eka Setiasih1, Ni Nyoman Werdi Susari1, I Made Merdana1, I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Tri Laksana2, I Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan2 

...omponent Analysis (PCA) approach to easily identify the phenotypic characteristics. The samples include 50 Bali pigs that are intensively reared in Musi Village, Gerogak District, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. The measurement data were analyzed using PCA to reduce and interpret the measured variables. The results showed that the average hip height and width, rump length, body length, shoulder height, chest width and depth, head width and length w...

Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2*, Mahreen ul Hassan3, Saiqa Andleeb1

...ed to analyse the data. Approximately 75% of the participants (n = 1677) had heard of thalassemia. Around 48% of the people interviewed were unaware that one might be a thalassemia carrier. Only 5.3% of the participants strongly agreed that necessary tests should be run before and after birth to screen a β-thalassemia minor/carrier baby. Thalassemia carriers should not get married and 6.2% thought that premarital screening for the disease was important. A...

Atef M. El-Sagheer1*, Aline F. Barros2, El-Sayed M. Abd El-Aal3, Mohamed M. Gad4, Doaa S. Mahmoud4 and Amr M. El-Marzoky3

...nagement strategies to suppress nematodes in infested fields.

...

Vui Van Nguyen1, Samorn Ponchunchoovong2, Sajeera Kupittayanant3, Pakanit Kupittayanant2* 

...simum essential oils is appropriate for improving the chilled canine sperm for the duration of 12 days in storage. 

...

Muhammad Adeel Farooq1, Shaukat Ali1*, Ali Hassan1, Rida Sulayman1, Muhammad Ahsan Kaleem2, Hafsa Shahzad1, Muhammad Summer1, Arooj Latif1, Tahreem Tanveer1

...ial application of this approach contributes to the advancements in the fields of industrial biotechnology, and bioengineering.
...

Ayoub Hadjeb1,2*, Ismahane Lebbouz3 and Yasmine Adjami4

...ency (ICE) in Ghars and approximate digestibility (AD) in Mech Degla. The calculation of gravimetric index (nutritional) consumption and utilization of food showed a very highly significant difference (RRI,RGR, ECD and ICE: P <0.0001; AD: P <0.0004) between larvae fed by the dates of the three varieties of dates (Deglet Nour, Mech Dagla and Ghars).We have determined the influence of different food substrates on biological parameters of dates moth. While ...

Dajun Su1, Tao Deng2* and Mingshui Xie2

...AS1 may be an effective approach for the treatment and prevention of ovarian cancer.

...

Amna Mushtaq, Asia Bibi* and Nahid Kausar

...mal consent and ethical approval. Our findings revealed that psychological morbidity was most common among infertile PCOS patients. The prevalence of anxiety (61.8% vs. 18.7%), depression (56.9% vs.15.3%), sleep apnea (35.3% vs. 6.7%), eating disorders (18.1% vs. 1.3%), marital maladjustment (27.5% vs. 5.3%), poor quality of life (35.3% vs. 3.3%) and migraine (55.4% vs. 10.7%) was significantly high in PCOS women as compared to controls (p<0.001). Infertili...

Kinza Javed1, Muhammad Ali1, Waqas Farooq2, Majeeda Rasheed1*, Farkhanda Yasmin3, Samiya Rehman3, Sadaf ul Hira1 and Jawad Ali3

...preventiand therapeutic approaches.  Lumpy skin disease virus belongs to Poxviridae family and genus, Capripoxvirus. It cause acute to fatal infection in cattle. Lumpy skin disease results in loss of weight, infertility, abortion in cows and reduction in milk production. In this way this disease has a serious threat to economy of Middle East, European and African countries due to loss of meat and dairy products. LSD is becoming a global threat mainly in r...
Maria Azam1, Tahir Mahmood Qureshi1, Saddam Hussain2, Amjad Islam Aqib3*, Shanza Rauf Khan4, Kashif Akram1, Misbah Ijaz5, Maheen Murtaza6, Afshan Muneer6 and Sammina Mahmood7
...anoparticles are a wise approach to modulating drug resistance. The current study thus focuses on the replacement of antibiotics with ZnO, MgO, and Fe2O3 nanoparticles. To achieve this goal, 200 cattle milk samples were collected aseptically and screened for subclinical mastitis using the purposive sampling technique. Following Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, S.aureus was identified and antibiotic susceptibility was tested using clinical l...

Asim Zubair1*, Anam Farid Chishtti2, Zohaib Atta Mehdie3, Aamna Arshad3, Ghulam Akbar Malik4 and Iffat Batool5

...ews, a random selection approach was employed to choose a sample of 100 livestock farm homes from the research area. To gauge the level of women’s participation, a composite score was created, and factors influencing women’s participation in cattle farming were identified using statistical methods. The findings show that women dominated practically all farming operations in the chosen area.

...
Tehreem Fatima1, Jabbar Khan1,*, Hamid Shafiq2, Dost Muhammad3, Muhammad Rafi1 and Shoaib ur Rehman1
...ober, 2019 after proper approval from Gomal University ethical review board and written consent of each individual was taken prior to collection of blood sample. For serum collection, blood samples were centrifuged at 1000xg for 15 minutes. Quantitative measurement of Hsp70 protein was done using sandwich ELISA technique. The maximum serum Hsp70 level observed was 42ng/ml and minimum serum Hsp70 value was 13ng/ml, with median value of 28ng/ml. In control group...

Jaisy Aghniarahim Putritamara1*, MB Hariyono1, Budi Hartono1, Hery Toiba2, Hamidah Nayati Utami3, Moh. Shadiqur Rahman2, Tina Sri Purwanti1

...udy uses a quantitative approach with Smart PLS 3.0 multivariate Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis. Data were collected from a survey with 210 business people selected using a purposive method. The first inclusion criterion is running a micro, small, or medium enterprise (MSME) in the beekeeping industry (with business sizes determined based on the number of workers, assets, and turnover as stipulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 of 20...

Pham Tan Nha*, Le Thu Thuy

...ed 6 weeks and weighing approximately 200±6.5 g/bird. Each experimental unit consisted of 10 birds, with a balanced distribution of sexes. The treatments included FG0.5, FG1.0, FG1.5, BG0.5, BG1.0, and BG1.5, where Fresh Garlic and Black Garlic were added to the basal diet at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% (DM) concentrations. The trial lasted for 8 weeks, covering the period from 6 to 13 weeks of age for the Tre chickens. The findings demonstrated that supplementi...

Bing Yan1, Meng Meng Zhang2, Xi Chen2, Yongming Li2*, Muhammad Khan3* and Tonghui Ma1*

...) hold the capacity to suppress stem-cell-like phenotype (SCLP) of glioblastoma cells. ALT inhibited the growth, reduced mammosphere formation and down-regulated the expression of CSCs markers such as CD133, OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG in U87 and U251 glioblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further mechanistic study showed that ALT inhibits glioma SCLP and tumor growth through repression of EGFR/MOB1/LATS1/YAP signaling pathway. These findings were further va...

Sumei Zeng and Yong Zhang*

...riteria decision making approach and using the Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method. Evaluation indicators were selected by theme analysis method based on the opinion of managers working in industries that are using IOT. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive in terms of data collection tools. The results showed that Detection of Insemination Time (DIT) and Early Detection of Diseases (EDD) applications are more import...

Yongman Guo1,2, Jundong Tian1,2,3, Dong Yang1,2 and Jiqi Lu1,2,3*

...he stress-linked immunosuppression hypothesis was supported in mating period.

...
Nabila Rasheed1, Shumaila Usman2*, Madeeha Sadiq3, Bushra Wasim3, Kanwal Haneef4, Hafsa Shafqat3, Tabinda Urooj3 and Saman Rashid4
 
...ce for the regenerative approach. Current investigation shows that the metabolic disorders like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are not only responsible for several disease factors in adult life but also have adverse effects on perinatal environment as well as on the cellular properties of WJMSCs. This study was designed to determine the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on proliferation of WJMSCs (GDM-WJMSCs). Mesenchymal stem cells were isol...

Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan2, Karim Gabol2*, Muhammad Awais3,4, Mohammad Ismail1, Sajid Mahmood1, Muhammad Aslam4 and Hamidullah5

...opting a mix scientific approach including Participants’ observations, interviews and structured questionnaire. Our results showed that the local villagers of the remote area of district Mardan were the active observers of trapping, over hunting and trading of waterhen in the study area. The structured interviews with locals revealed striking facts about ongoing hunting and illegal trade by hunters and traders. The two tribes namely Ottomankhail of distr...

Arshad Khan, Mohammad Ihsan, Maryam Bibi, Gul Rahim, Fazl Ullah, Komail Khan and Ali Hazrat*

...mM NaCl were applied at appropriate stages. Salt stress shows reduction in growth of all mays varieties. Plant height in case of control and treated, the mean value was 31.27, standard error 1.16, coefficient of variance was 26.94, range from Minimum 25 cm and maximum 32 cm, leaf length in control and treated, the mean value was 21.50, standard error 1.74, coefficient of variance was 33.45, range from Minimum8.00cm and maximum 32 cm, leaf width incase control ...
Mohamed A. Abu El-Hamd1*, Abdelslam M. Metwally2, Zahya R.  Ghallab2, Wael A. El-Hamady and Mohamed A. El-karamany1
...ral hormonal treatments approaches for improving fertility in Friesian cows with high and low fertility. This study used a total of 40 Friesian cows, 20 of which were unable to conceive after a single service (high fertility), and 20 of which were unable to conceive after three services (low fertility). Animals were classified into four groups (n=10 /group) for two hormonal protocols. Cows in the first and second groups high or low-fertility (G1 and G2, respec...

Azza M. El-Kattawy1, Tarek Abou Zed1, Randa Megahed1 and Mohammed El-Magd2*

...The current therapeutic approaches to the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis depend mainly on synthetic anti-arthritis compounds that usually cause many adverse effects. The anti-arthritic effect of the hypocholesterolemic drug simvastatin (Sim) has been confirmed, however, its actual mechanism of action has not been investigated yet. Therefore, this study aimed to unveil the biochemical and molecular changes that accompany the application of Sim as anti-...

Kandiah Pakeerathan*, Konesalingam Jeyavithuyan, Aruchchunan Nirosha and Gunasingham Mikunthan

...er, and nutrients, and suppress soil-borne diseases. Considering the scenario, an investigation was planned to recycle plant waste into biologically fortified vermicompost. Four substrates paddy straw, garden waste (banana and maize leaves), sawdust, and kitchen waste were used as mushroom substrate and then mushroom grown waste was converted into bio-fortified vermicompost using exotic earthworm Eisenia foetida+ Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens. O...

Fahad A. Al-Abbasi1*, Abdullah Samer Habib1, Vikas Kumar2 and Firoz Anwar1

...rs. Sufficient samples (approx. 422) from imported fish and chicken were randomly collected and analyzed for total plate count (TPC), Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Pseudomonas. Five healthy workers directly involved with processing, handling from various departments without any prior disease were selected for blood profiling. Significant increase in S. aureus colonies were observed in fish samples compared to chicken in the month of Septem...

Samia Afzal1*, Jahanzaib Ahmad1, Iram Amin1, Liaqat Ali2, Muhammad Shahid1, Mohsin Ahmad Khan1 and  Muhammad Idrees1

...re viral hepatitis and suppresses the serological and molecular markers of HBV infections; for example, Hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg), inhibition and reduction of HBV DNA titer during HDV infections. Very few studies described the clampdown of HBV-related markers during HDV replication and the current study is the only report from Pakistani perspective. The objective of this study is to find the interference of HDV in HBV replication, both in HBV chroni...

Jemi Diporianto1,4, Denny Widaya Lukman2*, Yusuf Ridwan3 

...ased on the qualitative approach outlined in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code (TAHC) for risk analysis. The entry assessment was based on the Biosecurity Import Risk Analysis Guidelines 2016 Australia, while the uncertainty level was determined based on the guidelines provided by The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The final assessment of the risk of Trichinella spp. introduction through the transportation of wild boar meat via Bakauheni Port indicate...

Muhammad Hasnain1*, Ghulam Mustafa2, Asif-ur-Rehman3, Ali Raza4, Abrar Ahmad4, Taj Muhammad4, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid4, Umair Faheem5, Muhammad Shahid4, Muhammad Akram4 and Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5

...ying amino acids had no appreciable impact on the physical features of fruit during storage, such as weight loss, fruit colour, hardness, length, and lenticel burn. Fruit fly punctures were non-significant among the different chemicals as compared to the control. The maximum number was in control, i.e., 3.06±0.48 and the minimum was in Promise®, followed by Flagon® and Izabion®, i.e., 0.45±0.21, 0.72±0.15 and 0.44±0.02, ...

Muneer Abbas1*, Sohail Abbas2, Imran Faraz3, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Zubeda Parveen1, Muhammad Nadeem1, Sana Ullah4* and Malik Akhtar Iqbal5

Mahmoud Abdelhady Metwally1*, Mona Abdelftah Ali1, Farouk Abdelmohdy1, Mohamed Kassab1, Tarek Kamal Abouzed2 and Khalil Fathy Abou-Easa1

...to cancerous cells and suppress their growth. However, few studies have investigated the impact of conditioned medium harvested from BMMSCs on carcinogenesis. This study investigated the effect of BMMSCs-conditioned medium (BMMSCs-CM) on the hepatoma cell line HepG2 and described the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. We isolated BMMSCs and identified them using flowcytometry and culture characteristics, then prepared BMMSCs-CM. HepG2 cells were treated...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Jamshaid Iqbal2, Tariq Mustafa3, Gul Rehman2, Muhammad Faisal Shahzad2, Muhammad Younas4,5*, Aftab Ahmad Khan6, Ameer Hamza2, Abdul Ghaffar1 and Muneer Abbas1

Syed Nouman Shah1, Anees Ur Rahman1, Abdul Kabir1,2*, Midrar Ullah3, Shahab Ahmad Nawaz1, Muhammad Said1, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Maaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Sadiq1

...ility, circular economy approaches, and climate change adaptation strategies.

...

Abnet Mekonnen1*, Kadir Abderehman1 and Feti Seyaka2

...ed to decrease fear and apprehension, aid in restraint, decrease the amount of other anesthetic agents required and decrease side effects of induction drugs. These drugs are metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys. Monitoring vital signs continuously during anesthesia will provide early warning of potential problems and emergencies that may be averted by appropriate and quick corrective actions.

...

Olabode, H.O.K1, Mailafia, S1, Martha Echioda-Ogbole1*, Ameh, J.A1, Amadi, K.I1 and Meseko C.A

...dies in chickens and AI appraisal of poultry farmers’ knowledge, attitude and practice in Abuja Municipal Area Council, Nigeria. One hundred (100) blood samples collected randomly post slaughter from chickens in live bird markets were screened and characterized using Agar Gel Immuno Diffusion and Haemagglutination Inhibition Tests at the Avian Influenza laboratory, of the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Plateau State. A structured Questionnai...

Rimsha Ijaz, Rida Zahra, Naseer Ali Shah*, Haroon Ahmed, Nazish Bostan and Sadia Sattar

...dy per year and affects approximately (6%) of Pakistan’s population. HCV is RNA virus and there are seven primary genotypes and 67 subtypes in it. Determination of genotype is important for treatment and medication response. This study aimed to calculate the frequency of HCV infection and pattern of genotype distribution in suspected individuals of Pakistan. Samples were gathered in between 2018 to 2021 from three different biomedical laboratories for th...

Salma Jameel Askar 

...ti-inflammatory drugs, suppression of cyclooxygenase (COX-1) activity by these drugs has been associated with substantial side effects, beetroots act as a medicinal herb in the treatment of hematological disorders, and act as antioxidant. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of sub-chronic exposure to meloxicam, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on hematological alterations and liver functions parameters in albino male rats and to determine the ...

Zhipeng Song1,2, Jialiang Xin1,3, Xiaoli Wei1,2, Abula Zulipiya1,3, Kadier Kedireya1,2 and Xinmin Mao1,3*

...ek. They were given the appropriate drugs by gavage. Tissue material was taken after 12 weeks. Haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect the pathological changes of retinal tissue. Cell apoptosis was analysed by TUNEL staining. The expression of retinal proteins was detected by tissue immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA level of VEGF was detected by RT-qPCR. In the in vitro experiments, cell viability was detected by CC...

Komal Mukhtar*, Saba Yasin, Husna Ahmad, Muhammad Amir Iqbal and Nabila Roohi

... domestic painting were approached. Unpaired student t-test was used for statistical analysis. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in RBC in the painters as compared to the control group. Red cell indices such as HGB, HCT, MCH and MCHC were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in painters. On the contrary, PLT, MPV, WBC, LYM and Gran count were substantially (P < 0.05) elevated in the painters. In conclusion, chronic paint exposure predicts future...

Fariha Qahar and Muhammad Sayyar Khan*

...med plants. In terms of approximate percentage damage, under 14% H2O2stress,30-60% of the leaf area turned necrotic in the single overexpression lines compared to 95% damage in the wild-type plants. Whereas, the least amount of damage (10-20%) was observed in the double overexpression lines. When subjected to 24 µM metolachlor, the wild-type leaf discs were fully necrotic, whereas the single overexpression lines exhibited 20-60%, and the double overexpre...

Naeem Akhtar1*, Sana Noureen1, Muhammad Asif2, Ahsan Aziz2, Usman Saleem1, Talat Mahmood3, Nadeem Raza4 and Waqas Raza5

...sease severity by using appropriate statistical software. Results revealed that all sugarcane genotypes performed well, showed significant variability for morphological characters and SCMV tolerance/susceptibility based on phenotypic scoring. Brix percentage is an important parameter as it is a yield contributing trait. Sugarcane accessions SC12 (23.03%) followed by SC11 (22.91%) attained maximum brix percentage while the least brix value 16% was observed in g...

Aryaf Mahmood Sabea1*, Majida A. Al-Qaiym2 

...e of selenium in immunosuppression of hypothyroidism rats. Forty four female Wister rats of 3-4 months aged were equally and randomly divided into 5 groups except the control, which contains 8 rats. The 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were subjected to hypothyroidism by oral intubation of 0.02% Methimazole daily for 4 weeks. Treatments of 3rd with Sc-SeNPs (0.1mg selenium /kg/ day) as T1, 4th with Levothyroxine (0.9 µg/100g BW/day) as T2, 5th with SC-SeNPs...

SHEHLA AKBAR*, SAIQA ISHTIAQ*, KHALID HUSSAIN, ANS MUNIR & SAIRA REHMAN

...sessing the
appropriateness of medicinal plants or their extracts orally taken by the
marginal communities. Primary and secondary metabolites of Misopates
orontium (L.) belongs to Plantaginaceae family were screened out and
tested for therapeutic values through in-vitro biological assays.
Quantitative analysis was done on powder of Misopates orontium by
using standard methods for estimatin...

ZAHOOR AHMAD SAJID1* & SHEZA AYAZ KHILJI2

...estigation drastically suppressed the growth of plants of Suaeda fruticosa L. in the form of stunted growth. The overall increase in antioxidant enzyme activities during this study seems to be their scavenging role by neutralizing the reactive oxygen species produced during salt stress episode. It is therefore, suggested from the results of this research work that biochemical characteristics were related to a transferring of plants from being salt sensitive to...

SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1*, MUNAZZA DANISH AJAZ2, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL3, AHSAN SATTAR SHEIKH4 & FIRDAUS KOUSAR BUKHARI5

... present and futuristic approaches and therapeutics to eradicate infections in animals and humans. Miscellaneous approaches include anti-Campylobacter compounds, probiotics, bacterial viruses, and vaccination and bacteriocins. These approaches have shown successful results towards lowering the occurrence of Campylobacter-associated ailments in humans and for bioclustering in the poultry ho...

Abdul Latif Rind1*, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2,3, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4, Raza Ali Mangi5, Muhammad Anees Memon6, Depeesh Kumar Bhuptani7, Sana Noor8, Zainab Lanjar9, Zahid Ali Mangrio10 and Abdul Wahid Solangi

Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1,2*, Yonis Abukar Mohamed1,3 and Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1,4

... need for comprehensive approaches. Stakeholder engagement, partnerships, and capacity-building initiatives are crucial for effective collaboration and resource optimization. Addressing research gaps, including socio-economic impact assessments, intervention effectiveness evaluations, cultural and contextual considerations, analysis of different production systems, and exploration of the intersection of animal welfare and zoonotic disease prevention, is necess...

Muhammad Umar Farooq1, Kashif Ishaq1*, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Muhammad Farooq Iqbal1, Tanveer Ahmad1, Jamil Akbar1, Asim Fraz2, Sara Naeem1 and Aansa Latif1

...t of 20±2 kg and approximately 6 months old were randomly selected and kept for 85 days including 15 days of an adjustment period. There were two phases of the experiment. During the restriction phase; the animals were divided into three groups i.e. T1=feeding @2% of body weight (BW), T2=feeding @3% of BW, and T3=feeding @4% of BW. In the re-alimentation phase; all the animals were fed ad-libitum. The animals were kept in individual pens and were offere...

Nur-E-Farjana Ilah1, Md. Joynal Abedin2, Esmout Jahan Alice1, Taiba Akter Laboni1, Mst. Shahinur Khatun1, Most. Shakila Sarmin1, Md. Ashekur Rahman1, Obaidur Rahman1, Md. Akhtarul Islam1, Muhammad Ali Fardoush Siddquy3 and Md. Yeamin Hossain1*

Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Afzal1,2, Muhammad Arshad1, Samina Khalid3, Naunain Mehmood4

...t a novel and promising approach to combat the devastating Fall armyworm, a notorious agricultural pest with a widespread global impact.  Our study provides essential insights into the efficacy of widely employed insecticides, offering practical guidance for addressing a critical issue in the field of agriculture.
...

Nguyen Thi Thu Hien1, Dong Huu Rin2, Nguyen Xuan Hoa1, Le Viet Tuan Khanh2, Phung Thang Long1*, Dinh Thi Bich Lan1

...ith molecular weight of approximately 20 kDa. Moreover, the antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae in sera taken from pigs that were immunized with the PEP inactivated vaccine (HYOGEN®) strong detected the recombinant M. hyopneumoniae P36 protein by ELISA, demonstrating that expressed recombinant P36 protein has the antigenicity and is specific for M. hyopneumoniae. In summary, we have successfully cloned the gene (432 bp) encoding the M. hyopneumoniae P36 pr...

Rini Widyastuti1*, Rangga Setiawan1, Nurcholidah Solihati1, Siti Darodjah1, Kundrat Hidajat1, Mochamad Ali Mauludin2, Alkaustariyah Lubis3, Mas Rizky Anggun Adipurna Syamsunarno4, Sigit Prastowo5, Takdir Saili6, Arief Boediono7

...ductive performance and appropriate breeding practice. This study aims to explore farmers’ profiles, behaviours, and existing knowledge about reproductive management practices in traditional dairy goat farming. The study were carried out among Simpay Tampomas Farmers Group in Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. The sample population consisted of thirty participants and the reproductive performance of 96 goats was investigated. Sociodemographic characteristic...

Sajid Mehmood Shahzad

...icle uses a descriptive approach to understand Pakistan’s potential and the state of its seaweed trade.
...

Siddique Ahmad1*, Basit Ullah1, Sajid Ali2, Ali Zaid1, Zeeshan Ahmad3, Muhammad Usaid1, Muhammad Zeeshan1 and Saif Ullah3

... growth, productivity, suppress harmful microorganisms, and enhance the decomposition of organic matter. Results showed that integrated use of PM and N (120 or 160 kg ha-1) along with the application of bio-aab significantly (P≤0.05) improved tillers m-2 (12%), grains spike-1 (15%), biological yield (31%) and grain yield (39%) as compared to control plots. Results of the bio-aab treated plots were found (8%) superior yield than without bio-aab. 

...

Shiferaw Demissie Tola1, Diriba Muleta2, Fassil Assefa2 and Beira Hailu Meressa1*

...ums increased. Maximum suppression fresh weight of shoot (43.8%) and fruit (52%) was recorded at Pi ≥ 8 J2 (g soil)-1. The analysis of Seinhorst’s yield loss model indicated the highest tolerance limit (T=0. 64 egg + J2 (g soil)-1) recorded for leaf number, while the relative minimum yield (m) of 0.91 and 0. 86 were the highest m values for root length and shoot height, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum multiplication rate (a) and population dens...

Mahfouz M.M. Abd-Elgawad 

...erive more accurate and appropriate conclusions for nematode management are reviewed in this study. For instance, iteration improved sample size of Meliodogyne incognita to be 389 instead of 402 using the same assumptions of sampling accuracy and nematode density in both cases. Also, alternative analyses to help decision-maker in affording proper nematode-management schemes are suggested. Although single models have been used in nematode studies, it is better ...

Roberto Gallegos-Acero1, Ali William Canaza-Cayo2,4*, Francisco Halley Rodríguez-Huanca1, Rubén Herberht Mamani-Cato3, Abigail de la Cruz1, Júlio Sílvio de Sousa Bueno Filho4 

...o mating practices were appropriate during the evaluation period 

...

Ahmed Al-Hasnawi*, Wafaa Kadhim Jasim

...ge brought on by immunosuppressive drugs such azathioprine differs from the positive results attained by giving male rats (aloe vera extract) and lowering the toxicity.
 
Keywords | Azathioprine, Aloe vera, Hematological, Liver’s function enzymes, Histopathological, Male rats
...

Irfan Safdar Durrani*, Noreen Asim and Ammar Sohail

...97 using bioinformatics approach. The possible cis-acting regulatory elements were analyzed using PlantCARE and PlantPAN3.0. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA7 and docking of regulatory elements with the corresponding Transcription factors was performed using pyDockDNA. The OsGLP12-3 promoter region (1863bp) was PCR amplified using genomic DNA from Indica rice cultivar Dilrosh-97 and subsequently purified and sequenced. Sequence analysis using Plant...

Tanvir Hussain1,2*, Kafeel Ahmad2, Muhammad Bilal Zia1, Hammad Uddin1, Khalid Hussain1, Muhammad Inamulla Khan3 and Said Akhtar Khan1

...tion explored that RAPD approach can detect the genetic diversity among five populations of Himalayan Spruce and high variations indicating extensive gene flow. This adaptive genetic variability has significant promise for the management and conservation of this species in the future. 

...

Hafiz Nawaz1*, Kashaf Nawaz2, Attiq ur Rehman1, Muhammad Bashir3, Mussera Hira2 and Mariyam Nawaz4

...ean cultivars may help suppress the disease. MYMD-resistant NIAB mungbean lines include 1429, 3198, 3845, 3850, 3854, and 3881 (Schreinemachers et al., 2019). A recent study has revealed resistant varieties NM-5, NM-7, NM-68, NM-69, M 20-21, and M 22-24. This review guides research and MYMD-resistant cultivar development in the nation. Mungbean virus behavior, evolution, and dispersion must be studied to protect mungbean farming. This will help produce resista...

Imtiaz Khan1*, Abdullah1, Muhammad Ibrahim1, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan1, Saima Hashim1, Shomayela Afzal2 and Khalid Nawab3 

...the importance of using appropriate weed control methods to enhance crop productivity and reduce weed competition in chickpea cultivation. However, it is essential to consider factors like herbicide resistance, environmental impacts, and sustainability while formulating weed management strategies in agricultural practices. Further research may be needed to optimize the application of different treatments and to explore additional weed management techniques to ...

Frah R Kbyeh1*, Ahmed N. Abedsalih2 

...ug Administration (FDA) approved medications against the contributing factors is a novel method to overcome this scarcity. The analgesic medication diclofenac was reported to have anti-virulence action against resistance Escherichia coli O157 :H7. This study aimed to demonstrate the antimicrobial effect of diclofenac, Ciprofloxacin, and a combination (diclofenac +ciprofloxacin) against clinical resistance E coli o157 H7 isolates by using  Polymerase chain...

Faiza Naeem1, Muhammad Farooq Sabar1, Muhammad Usman Ghani2,*, Qurat Ul Ain1 and Qurat-ul-Ain Zafar1

...in asthma. A network of appropriately matched proteins was provided by the string that was further utilized for centrality-measurement which ranked the thirteen most persuasive genes from top to bottom as IL10, IL4, ORMDL3, IL13, MS4A2, ADAM33, STAT6, GSDMA, IKZF3, LRRC3C, IL27, CD14, and ACE. This study enlightens the significantly associated asthma genes in the Pakistani population, figures out influential asthma linked pathways, and ranking of influential g...

Muhammad Ayub1*, Syed Arif Husain Rizvi2, Ishtiaq Hussain3, Musa Ali Hashmi4, Iqbal Hussain5, Shahid Hussain1, Zakir Hussain1 and Rehmat Kabir6 

... considered a practical approach to control this pest. During 2019-20, the individual and combined effects of cultural control techniques including soil racking, egg burning, and egg removal from stem crevices, were evaluated for their effectiveness in controlling this invasive insect pest. Three types of forest trees including willow (Salix wilhelmsiana M. Bieb), poplar (Populus ciliata Wall.), and Russian olive (Elaeagnus hortensis M. Bieb) were examined for...

Ghusoon Hasan Jadaan1*, Khalisa K. Khudair2 

... rats was investigated. Approximately 32 female rats were divided into four groups as follows: T1: was administered oral 200 mg/kg of SiO2NPs, T2: received oral SiO2NPs and 100mg/kg of curcumin phytosome, and T3: was administered oral 100 mg/kg of curcumin phytosome. Blood samples were collected from anesthetized rats through cardiac puncture by terminating the experiment. The samples were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TAG), high-dens...

Muhammad Mansoor1, Shahid Hameed Khalil2,4*, Muhammad Arshad Khan3, Ghani Akbar2, Muhammad Shahzad Khan4, Rana Naveed Mustafa2 and Salah ud Din5

... importance of adopting appropriate irrigation schedules for mung beans in such environments.

...

Muhammad Farooq Bhatti1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Aamir Ali1, Hooria Ashraf Khan1, Rabia Fajar Ali2, Ayesha Muzamil1, Fariha Munir3, Fatima Ijaz1, Rizwan Khurshid3

...he availability of most appropriate silk seed that suits the local environmental conditions. This research study suggests that the silkworms of Chinese race are better adapted and produce more yield in local climatic conditions of Punjab, Pakistan.
...

Arslan Muhammad Ali Khan1, Rao Zahid Abbas1*, Zia ud Din Sindhu1, Muhammad Shahid Mahmood2

...tial oil is a potential approach for either eliminating or suppressing Hyalomma ticks’ infestation.
...

Syed Nouman shah1, Anees Ur Rahman1, Midrar Ullah2, Shahab Ahmad Nawaz1, Muhammad Said1, Abdul Kabir1,3*, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Maaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Sadiq1

...ility, circular economy approaches, and climate change adaptation strategies.

...

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1*, Ali Zachi Abdul Qadeer Alhilifi2, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Tehniyat Naz Shah3 and Touseef Ahmed1

...hickpea flour) was much appropriate for FAW rearing as it produced short larval developmental period, maximum body weight with efficient oviposition. Further it is suggested; more future research should be conducted in order to know the impact of artificial diet on FAW during lab condition.

...

Adnan Ibrahim Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa S. Ali3 and Anwer Thamer Ghaffoori2

...ivisions. A descriptive approach was used as a method to achieve the research goals. A questionnaire was designed to collect data for the purpose of the study. It contained two main axes. The first axis contains areas (9) for developing the skills of rural youth, paragraph (69) and the second axis contains problems and obstacles that hinder the work of agricultural projects. I was one paragraph. After data collection, results were analyzed and presented using ...

Merita Ayu Indrianti1,2*, Didi Rukmana3, Eymal Bahsar Demmallino3, Muh. Hatta Jamil3

...with a literature study approach supported by data from the Head of the Gorontalo District Agriculture Office as key informants. The results of this study indicate that the Gorontalo regency government currently has a regional regulation (PERDA) No. 2 of 2017 which regulates LP2B protection program, however, there are no clear geographical boundaries regarding the LP2B program in Gorontalo Regency also not implemented yet the regulations related to incentives ...
Naila Amjad1, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1*, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2, Shafaat Yar Khan1 and Sania Waliat1
...livestock facilities, inappropriate and excessive use of insecticides must be controlled through proper mechanisms and strategies.

...
Muhammad Javed Iqbal1, Farah Rauf Shakoori1*, Bushra Muneer2 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3
...on a precision medicine approach for breast cancer treatment. In precision medicine, patient-specific gene mutation (genetic biomarkers) provides the guideline to use a specific drug in a specific dose for a specific patient. The PI3K/AKT1/MTOR (PI3K) pathway is crucial for normal cellular processes. Several activating factors and genetic mutations, in associated genes (PIK3CA, AKT1, MTOR and PTEN), lead this pathway to function abnormally to trigger breast ca...

Hualong Jiang1, Tao Li2,3*, Jing Xiang3, Hanqing Yang3 and Maolin He3

...lance. LEfSe and SIMPER approaches revealed a significant abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in group EG, while these taxa were rare in sediments of a control group. Increased abundance and metabolic functions of these rare ectomycorrhizal fungi suggested that rare microeukaryotes should play fundamentally ecological roles in local ecosystems, especially when environmental perturbations occurred. This report is the first to address the ecological impacts of se...
Mahmoud M. Bayoumi
...o be a highly effective approach that can be utilized to rapidly develop vaccines against infectious viral pathogens. This technology has the potential to revolutionize vaccine development, offering a more efficient and cost-effective approach that can be tailored to specific viral strains. Moreover, mRNA-based vaccines offer several advantages over conventional or molecular-based vaccine types. The mRNA vaccine only encodes...

Abroo Fatima Qazi* and Din Muhammad Shaikh

...uded that the effect of appropriate dosage of O3FAs on the transactivation of insulin gene by expressing PDX1 can be a new therapeutic strategy in managing T2DM in future.

...

Adnan I Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa Ali3 and Anwer T Gaffoori2

...isions, the descriptive approach was used as a method to achieve the objectives of the research. A questionnaire was prepared to collect study data if it included two main axes. The first axis included (8) fields of developing and developing the capabilities of rural women by (50) paragraphs. The second axis included the determinants that hinder Work in agricultural projects, as it included four areas with (22) paragraphs. After the process of data collection ...

Abdul Aleem Memon1*, Inayatullah Rajpar2, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2, Javaid Ahmed Shah3

...mount in soil solution suppresses potassium (K) uptake by plants possibly due to K-fixation and variation in cation ratios. Soils in country are thought to be well supplied with K, little or no K fertilizer is applied to majority of the crops, including sunflower. However, recent studies have shown that the sunflower is becoming more responsive and exhibiting superior growth and yield with the addition of K. To determine the impact of K fertilizer sources on t...

Rana Mahmood Ahmad*, Orooba Mohammed Maeed  Ibrahim

... has been successfully suppressed. In the current study, treatment with clove oil extract on infected rats significantly decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α value after nine days of treatment, which are central inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. Clove oil extract also increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which is crucial in preventing tissue damage due to inflammation. The...

 Shawki, Khaled K.; Carter, M.J.; Alnashar, Nariman M., El-Farrashl, Mohamed A. and Taher, Sahar

...ne development. Current approaches have been based on the use of empty virus-like particles produced by self-assembly of the virus capsid protein. In this study we employed a new approach for engineering stable particles of Hawaii virus capsid protein by deleting those immunodominant regions (P2subdomains) that evoke type-specific responses and bridging the resulting gap with a synthetic poly-glycine chain. This construct wa...

Madbouly*, H.M.; Saif**, M.A. and Hussein* , A.S.

...V vaccine has an immunosuppressive effect on chicks and this could be antagonized by immunostimulant as curcuma longa The surprising immuno-stimulatory effect of curcuma is in the induction of protection level 80% in treated but not NDV vaccinated group which equivalent to that group vaccinated with NDV vaccine only and not treated. From the obtained results we recommend the use of curcuma longa powder in poultry rations for enhancing the immune response again...

Abd El-Razakl, A.G. and AboElkhair2, M.

...red from the farms with appropriate control groups in a laboratory. The immune response on farm A showing higher serological titer at the age of 35 day via ELISA test. Both two vaccines provide complete protection against mortality but not protection against bursal atrophy or histopathological changes after challenge. As well as RT-PCR-based viral IBD detection in bursa of Fabricius at day post challenge.

...
Nassarl , Entsar A.; El-Dougdoug , Kh. A.; Osmanl , M.E; Dawoud3, Rehab
A. and Kinawy l , Aliaa H.*
...omology. Tissue culture approach was used to pemit the recovery of TMV-Ch-free micropropagated shoots via application of 20 mg/l virazole followed by thermotherapy at 380C for two weeks and early screening to facilitate the efficient production of virus free tissue culture derived propagules using the produced antiserum against TMV-Ch-EG.

...

Aboud*, K. A; Gomaa**, Hanaa H. A.; El—Taholowy***, Mohage, A. and El - Sugher**, S.

...it. -The tissue culture approach was used to permit the recovery of BBTV-free plantlets, genetic stability followed by chemotherapy and early screening to facilitate the efficient production of virus-free plantlets. Results demonstrated that application of 10,20,30,40 mg/L thiouracil in vitro gave an 85,72,35,20  survival and 60, 83, 91 and 95.5% BBTV-free plantlets ,respectively. Furthermore, the obtained virus free micropropagated plantlets were subject...

Sofyl *, A.R.; Soliman , A.M.; Mousal, A.A. and El-Dougdoug , Kh.A.

...fied cDNA by RT-PCR was approximately 300 bp. A phylogenetic tree of the Egyptian citrus gummy bark agent (Accession no. FJ984562) revealed 100%, 99.7% and 97.8% a moderate degee of similarity to CVd-11b (USA), CCaVd (Spain) and CCaVd (Egypt) respectively. The minimum free energy of a secondary structure for HSVd-EG-RNA was determined using its primary sequence at 370C. The sequence appeared to fold into a rod-like structure at -122.1 kcal mol-I while CCaVd-EG...

Rabia Anjum

...ent needs a therapeutic approach to minimize its progression. This review focuses on the understanding of disease, hypothesis and treatment of disease to slow its progression. 
 
Novelty Statement | Amidst the challenges posed by the current medications, the narrative extends into the realm of experimental drug therapy, shedding light on the potential breakthroughs, such as aducanumab, while acknow...

Abo-Elmagdl , Enas K;El-Mougy2, Hala M. T. and Abd El-Salam 3, Manal

...nfection is crucial for appropriate patient management and infection control. The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic performance of Binax NOW RSV (BN) as a rapid test for detection of RSV antigen in nasal wash specimens collected from Egyptian infants and young children with the detection of RSV-RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, to study the frequency of RSV infection in Egyptian infants and young childre...

Abd Elwanis, N.D.; Abou El Khair, M.A.; Afaf H. Amin; Azab, A. and A.O. Abd El Rahman

... level of immunity. The approach through which this vaccine could be used as a possible potential vaccine candidate for protection of chickens against the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus has been discussed.

...

*Hanan M.M. Elzahed, Abd EL-Moneim A.A, *Afaf A. Khedr, *Elham A. Elabiare, Waleed S. Abd El-Latif, Reda M.I.

...tent. No sign of immunosuppression in progeny chicks was detected by measuring (NDV) HI antibody titers pre and post lasota vaccination and by vaccination  challenge experiment, more over no (CAV) shedding was observed in progeny chicks at early stage of breeding period. In this stage CAV shedding was recorded to be most using CAV VPI PCR assay. These results support the evidence that vaccination of breeders flock with the live attenuated (CAV) vaccine co...

M.A. Farag*, Abeer, E. Mansour* and s.M. 

...lues of AOD. The immunosuppressive effects of BVDV and AFBI on the immune response of sheep vaccinated with bivalent FMD vaccine were discussed.

...

Sabry Y. M. Mahmoud; Maher H. Hosseny and Mamdouh H. Abdel-Ghaffar

...les of thermotherapy at approximately 370C, during 40 and 30 days, resulted in 33.3 and 14.2% PVY elimination, respectively. Thus, these results indicated that thermotherapy is moderately efficient for viral eradication. Chemotherapy was undertaken with 20 mg Ribavirin (RBV); it is showed the medium rate of virus elimination (30.0 - 42.9% virus-free plantlets) when added to the tissue culture media. Several stems including axillary buds were excised from the p...

B. A. Othman; Kh. A. El-Dougdoug; M. H. Abdel Ghaffar and T. F. El-Arabi

...isolated phages have a suppression effects on the role or R. meliloti strains Barseem (parental) and Barseem (mutant), and led to decrease the growth characters and nitrogen content of clover plants. While Barseem IP2 (mutant) was not affected by phages since the growth characters and nitrogen content of clover plants were increased. 

...

A. A. El-Kholy1, S. Vilcek2 and A. M. Daoud1

...induce an antigenically appropriate immune response. The present study offers a useful molecular epizootiological tool to group local BVDVs in a herd-specific manner at a geographic region to recognize new virus introduction and thus to improve local vaccines and diagnostic assays for effective control policies.

...

M. Tariq Mushtaq1, Faisal Manzoor1, M. Ishtiaq1*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Muqarrab Ali2, M. Akram3, M. Rafiq Shahid3 and Saleem Riaz1

...egrated pest management approach using different control tactics for conservation of natural enemies, use of yellow sticky traps, botanicals, use of selective insecticides when needed could be the best strategy to overcome insecticides resistance problems.

...

Xiaojun Li

...ack moth larvae with an approach to the acetone extract effects of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB). It was found that acetone extracts of Salviami ltiorrhiza Bunge (SIB) represented by cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone had lethal effect on diamondback moth larvae, and the correlation coefficient was 0.972. Through further antifeedant test, it was found that diamondback moth larvae had obvious antifeedant behavior to acetone extracts of SIB represented by ...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar* and Jawad Hussain

...se of an evidence-based approach to creating AI is necessary, as is supporting openness, continuous quality control, and a risk-benefit analysis. We think AI tools should only be used in clinical settings once they have undergone thorough validation. Once that is done, we think they should be continuously checked in clinical settings. Furthermore, it is imperative that veterinary practitioners receive precise instructions and guidelines for the best possible u...

Farid S. Nassar1,2, Osama A. El-Sayed3, Saidi Ouassaf4, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2* 

...lues of CORT and MDA by approximately 21% and 15%, respectively, and the maximum levels of AB titer and PHA-WR by 38% and 3-fold, respectively. These findings suggested that dietary supplementation with FS would be a useful nutritional strategy to enhance poultry production.
 

...

Shakir Ullah1* and Lubna Shakir

... fully. Bioassay-guided approaches are recommended, as they provide an analytical method for determining the potency and effect of these phytochemicals on living plants, cells, or tissues.

...

Ahokpossi AGAC1,2*, Salifou CFA2, Youssao Abdou Karim I2, Ameyapoh Y3 

...ickens was accepted and appreciated by the panelists.  

...

Tinda Afriani1*, Jaswandi1, Yurnalis1, Putri Oktavially1, I Made Merdana2 

...able growth traits. One approach to improving the performance of Pesisir with Holstein Friesian cattle crosses involves identifying growth hormone variations through analysis of the exon 5 gene. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of qualitative and quantitative traits and growth hormone patterns in crossbreeds between Pesisir and Friesian Holstein (FH) cattle. A total of 60 crossbreeds of Pesisir and FH cattle were used. The method employed invol...

Nurul Fajeriana1*, Akhmad Ali1 and Retno Puspa Rini2

... through a conservation approach involving contour-aligned planting and the creation of bench terraces, which can reduce the likelihood of erosion and surface runoff. According to the results, the erosion plot with bench terraces (N2), during the fourth week of kale planting and the final observation period, experienced the highest rainfall (29.21 mm) but recorded the lowest erosion (0.56 tons/ha) and surface runoff (5.45). In addition to bench terraces, kale ...

Mahmoud Hamouda1*, Ahmed Al-Jazzar1, Fahad Al-Hizab1, Ahmed Azab2, Mohamed Al-Hammadi3

...der to proceed with the appropriate treatment.
 
Keywords | Buffaloes, Uterus, Infertility
...

Hossam F. Abou-Shaara

...he feeding types showed approximately the same effect on the ability of bees to tolerate low temperature. Some morphological characteristics (head width, forewing length and width, wax mirror longitudinal and wax mirror transversal) used as indicators to body size and the development of glands. These characteristics showed higher values in yeast group than the other groups. In light of this study, yeast feeding is promising and recommended as a simple pollen s...
Raza Ali Mangi1,2, Ali Raza Jahejo1,2, Afrasyab Khan1,2, Meng-li Qiao1,2, Muhammad Farhan Qadir1,2, Mazhar Hussain Mangi3,  Shi-xiong Yang1,2, Xin-yu Han1,2, Sheng Niu1,2, Ding Zhang1,2, Ying Wang1,2 and Wen-xia Tian1,2*
...s expressions were suppressed by thiram, which found upregulated in rGSTA3 protein supplementary group. These findings demonstrated that mRNA expressions of HDRs and PPRs are highly related to thiram. Moreover, rGSTA3 protein increased the immune response of HDRs and PPRs. Conclusively the results of this study pro...

Peixia Yu1*, Lijun Bo2 and Xueyin Song1

...d ±dp/dtmax were approximate to the basic values. The MDA concentrations and CK-MB values of the Fen group went down and the SOD activity went up when was compared with the I/R group. Whereas, cTnI concentrations of Fen1 and Fen2 groups sharply decreased (all P<0.05); the myocardial injury of the Fen group was less the I/R group. Whereas, the MI region and apoptosis indexes of Fen1 and Fen2 groups dropped significantly (all P<0.05); moreover, Bcl-...

M. Imran Kasana, Rashid Iqbal Khan*, Noor Ullah Khan, M. Noman, Shahid Ali, Saima Mumtaz, Shamaila Rasheed and M. Qamar-Uz-Zaman

...ia grafting is the most appropriate method for producing high-quality, true to type plants. The current study was planned to evaluate four different grafting techniques (Cleft, Tongue, Patch and T-budding) in ten different cultivars of avocado. The outcomes suggested that Cleft grafting was most suitable one among all other evaluated techniques. The highest survival rate (27.40%) was recorded in cleft grafting. Moreover, vegetative characters, i.e., no. of lea...

Wali Muhammad Mangrio1*, Hakim Ali Sahito1, Faheem Ahmed Jatoi1 and Fahmeeda Imdad Sahito2

...vitamin “C” appreciated due to delicious taste with high economic and medicinal value. The present research work indicates the per hectare lemon benefit cost ratio, gross returns and net returns were benefited to Lemon cultivation in this area and proved that the Lemon growers earning profit in changing situation. Previously there is no such type of comprehensive assessment study on Lemons and its cost benefit has been taken in this area. Consideri...

Aalaa S. Saad1*, Amira A. Elokle2, Dalia Y. Youssef2, Neven M. Omara2, Samr Kassem3

...arity as an alternative approach for inhibiting foodborne pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of synthesized Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) and CS-LZ-NPs against E. coli O157 in chilled chicken fillets and relative eaeA (Intimin), stx2 (Shiga toxin) expression. The average particle size was 250 nm and 281.4 nm for CS-NPs and CS-LZ- NPs and the PDI (polydispersity index) was 0.09 and 0.58, respectively. TEM imaging showed uniform...

Perinçek Seçkinozan Seker

...ing of the Pleistocene (approximately 2.72 mya). This analysis also demonstrated that the divergence of Turkish roe deer began at approximately 0.58 mya. Given the existence of, shared haplotypes, the relative positions of Turkish roe deer haplotypes in the topologies of the ML and BI phylogenetic trees and evolutionary networks, and the times of evolutionary divergence events within this species; the following results may b...
Aatif Masood Ahmad Khan1, Masood Rabbani1*, Arfan Ahmad1, Muhammad Wasim2 and Sohail Raza1
...strates that diagnostic approach using direct swab samples for the detection of Av. paragallinarum was found to be more accurate, rapid and sensitive than routine, culture-based PCR analysis and isolated Av. paragallinarum can be grown in BHI/SN to achieve maximum biomass, a trait required for vaccine production, using brain heart infusion broth media.

...

Kalsoom Abdulrazaq1*, Bisma Arif1, Rimsha Mehboob2, Asma Mehboob3 

...ces. This collaborative approach is crucial for addressing the complex dynamics of zoonotic diseases and mitigating their impact on both human and animal populations.

...

Feri Eko Hermanto1, Yuli Frita Nuningtyas1, Filoza Marwi1, Fajar Shodiq Permata2, Agus Susilo1, Muhammad Halim Natsir1*

...ts a network biological approach to decode the complex web of protein interactions within mucosal immunity and explore the immunomodulatory potential of bioactive compounds found in these herbs. Biological networks were constructed for gut health and mucosal immunity, focusing on common proteins to identify promising targets. Our analysis pinpoints Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as the central protein governing gut health and mucosal immunity. Further exploration reveal...

Ediset1*, Jaswandi2, Fuad Madarisa1, Amrizal Anas1, Rizqan2

...secondary data analysis approach. The population is 100 buffalo breeders who have adopted the AI. innovation. In comparison, the number of samples determined by the Proportional Sampling technique is 50 breeders from 5 sub-districts in Padang Pariaman Regency. Data analysis was carried out in a quantitative descriptive manner, namely the adoption rate of A.I. was measured by the percentage of adoption, and the success rate of A.I. was measured by calculating S...

Kashif Abdaal, Aneeza Batool, Muhammad Tariq Navid*, Saeed Ahmed, Asma Saleem Qazi, Waseem Safdar, Haidar Ali, Mobeen Ur Rashid, Somia Rafaqat 

... targeted and adaptable approaches to boost immune responses. Hence, it proves the vaccines as a big breakthrough in preventive and therapeutic medicine over 200 years and named “Future Medicine”. To assess vaccine safety and efficacy, scientists are now using various model animals like mice, ferrets, pigs, and nonhuman primates before using them for human trials. The other side of successful vaccine intervention, however, contains various issues t...

ISHRAT FATIMA1, MOAZZAM JAMIL1, AZHAR HUSSAIN1*, MUHAMMAD ZAHID MUMTAZ2, MUHAMMAD LUQMAN1, SAJID HUSSAIN3, SAIF UR REHMAN KASHIF4 & MAQSHOOF AHMAD1

...ai ZM31 is an effective approach to improve the productivity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.).

...

LAILA SHAHZAD*1, ARIFA TAHIR2 & FAIZA SHARIF3

...istan. Using mix method approach of interviews and questionnaire, data was collected from 200 randomly selected households. Temperature data of 30 years 1985 to 2014 showed that there is an overall decrease in mean minimum annual temperature by a factor of 0.0024 for each year whereas there is an overall increase in mean maximum annual temperature by a factor of 0.0412 for each year. The mean annual rainfall of thirty years was recorded as 1471.27 mm with a de...

HIRA MUBEEN1, 2*, AMMARA NASEEM1, AMMARA MASOOD2, SHAHID RAZA3 & NAUREEN NAEEM3

...e use of bioinformatics approach for identification of transcription factors and putative motifs within the promoter region has gained much success for studying DNA-protein interactions. These findings promote the importance of CRE and TF inactivation of transcriptional networks for enhanced gene expression studies in plants.

...

MUSHTAQ HUSSAIN LASHARI1*, RABIA HAMEED1, UMER FAROOQ2, MUSADIQ IDRIS2 & ZIA UR REHMAN2

...ted aseptically through appropriate measures. Thin blood smears were stained using Field stain ‘A’ and ‘B’. The PMNs were counted and observed for Barr bodies attached to them. Only the neutrophils with terminable lobes were examined and counted. The mean value ± SE of the Barr bodies was calculated and the difference between males and females of both species was analyzed through independent T-test. The mean ± SE values fo...

MUSHTAQ HUSSAIN LASHARI1*, UMER FAROOQ2, AMMARA ARSHAD1, MUHAMMAD NAEEM TAHIR2, MUSADIQ IDRIS2, ANAM KHURSHID3 & ZIA UR REHMAN2

...he jugular vein through appropriate measures. Thin blood smears were stained using Field stain „A‟ and „B‟. The PMNs were counted and observed for Barr Bodies attached to them. Only the neutrophils with terminable lobes were examined and counted. The mean value ±SE of the Barr Bodies was calculated and the difference between males and females of both species was analyzed through independent T-test. The mean ±SE values for Barr Bod...

ASMA ZAFAR*, MONIBA KHAWAR, MAHNOOR CHAUDHRY, SAYYEDA SANA BATOOL, AMJAD HUSSAIN** & MUSHTAQ AHMAD SALEEM

...azurin with P53 (tumor suppressor protein), Eph/ephrin receptor and Cadherin enhances the activity of azurin by inducing apoptosis in cancerous cells, disrupting signaling among cancerous cells and inhibiting the growth of cancerous cells as well as suppressing the activity of tumor cells. This review article focuses on the activity of the bacterial protein azurin as an anti-cancer agent and also the properties of azurin whi...

AMBASH RIAZ1, SHAHID RAZA2* & HIRA MUBEEN3

...ermore, a computational approach was used to understand evolutionary relationships among Cry1AB gene and to identify conserved protein domains in Cry1AB proteins. Use of insilico approach provided new insights of understanding functional characteristics of Cry1AB gene and its variants.

...

1*AFIRA WAQAR, 2ADNAN RAUF, 3BUSHRA CHAUDHRY &4IKRAM-UL HAQ

...here are many different approaches for the identification of genetic risk factors of the complex diseases. New pharmacological therapies may get established by understanding the underpinning of biological genetic effects. We focus here on the applications and strategies that are currently best suitable for genetic studies which provide preliminary genetic information for subsequent statistical analyses. Here we review the basic concept of genetic alterations i...

*AMNA SHOAIB, AROOJ SHEZAD, ARSHAD JAVAID, SUNDUS AKHTAR & ZOIA ARSHAD AWAN

...concluded that disease suppression is directly linked with increase in activities of antioxidant enzyme (peroxidase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) thus provides the basis for resistant in chickpea.

...

Aziz Ahmed1*, Anila Naz Soomro2, Muhammad Ramzan Ali1, Muhammad Aleem Khan1 and Hasina Basharat1

...ected based on maturity approaches and collected sperm samples were diluted in the ratio of 1:30 fold media and divided into different aliquots before applying them to in vitro fertilization. It was clear from the results of the current study that, the commercially available activation media C showed a highest significant effect on percent sperm motility i.e., 89.66%±2.88, motility interval 300sec±2.67%, Viability: 74.48±0.39% and fertiliz...

Karima Akool Al-Salihi1*, Luay Jumaah Jihad2, Abbas Najm Aldin Saleh3

... conclusion, this study approved that COVID-19 lockdown adversely affected animal and human health. Online education appeared as an alternative mode of veterinary education during COVID-19 lockdown with various challenges in practical lessons and clinical subjects.
 
Keywords | Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, COVID-19 lockdown, Education, Google classroom, Smartphone, Veterinary
...

Bela Putra1*, Budi Prasetya2

...nsights into innovative approaches for improving livestock nutrition in regions with prevalent acidic soils. The experiment involved the application of various gamma radiation doses (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 Gy). Four replications were done using a randomized block design, with 25 Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mot seeds in each repetition, totalling 700 seeds. The plants were grown in acidic soil with a pH of approximately 4....

Pham Tan Nha*, Le Thu Thuy

...We aimed to explore the appropriate level of supplementation of black soldier fly larvae in the diet of Muscovy ducks at 7-12 weeks old. A total of 200 Muscovy ducks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments. The treatments named as following: CTL - control diet with fishmeal; LP20, LP40, LP60 and LP80 as replacing 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of fishmeal protein with larval protein (LP) in the control diet with four replications, each replication with 10 duc...

Teedzai Chitura*

...nd animal health. The inappropriate use of prescribed antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock production is the main contributor of antimicrobial resistance. As a result, there have been growing calls by consumers and international health organizations for reduced application of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock production. To address this problem, several animal feed commissioners and summits have legislated and banned the use of antibiotic growth...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

...d may help to formulate appropriate disease control strategies for commercial chickens.  

...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

...d may help to formulate appropriate disease control strategies for commercial chickens.  

...

Sedef Selviler Sizer1, Semih Kurt1*, Burcu Onuk1, Gokmen Zafer Pekmezci2 and Murat Kabak1

...so aimed. In the study, approximately 10,000 Dermestes maculatus, along with the heads of six roe deer, three cows, and three cats were used. To observe the meat-cleaning performance, the initial and final weights of the heads were measured before they were placed in the beetle colony. All tissues, including eye and brain tissues, of the heads placed in the Dermestes colony were cleaned in one day in cats, two days in roe deer, and three days in cows. In addit...
Mouhamed Zakiou Kolawole Adissa Raimi1, Ghulam Hussain2, Nousheen Zafeer3, Faheem Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan4, Anwar Ullah1, Imdad Kaleem1 and Asghar Shabbir1*
...rently, three different approaches are being utilized to treat MS, where synthetic drugs are the most frequently used but they do not cure the disease. Secondly, the stem cell therapy but this too has limited success in treating MS in humans. The thirds technique involving administering hormones has been found to be most effective method but this too have some significant side effects. Alternatively, natural products can potentially serve as an affordable and ...

Zuhair Dardona1,2, Adnan Al-Hindi3, Mohamed Hafidi1, Ali Boumezzough1 and Samia Boussaa1,4*

.... On the contrary, both approaches detected T. gondii in mutton; however, the percentage of positive samples reported differed. For example, whereas T. gondii was detected in 14 (46.66 %) of 30 samples using ELISA, only 5 (16.66 %) of positive samples were detected using PCR. The genotyping results of the current investigation showed that the three DNA isolates were T. gondii type II. A Chi-square test was also implemented to evaluate the prevalence of T. gond...

Shakil Ahmed1, Mahin Das2, Md. Rayhan Sojib3*, Shishir Kanti Talukder4, Sadia Sultana5, Prantika Datta1, Shofiqul Islam1 and Gazi Md. Mohsin2

...ather events, selecting appropriate varieties of Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata) can help ensure proper yield even under stressful conditions, particularly in saline conditions. However, choosing the right variety is a challenge. In 2019, a field trial was conducted at Nobogram Farm in Noakhali, Bangladesh to evaluate the performance of local and exotic varieties of Yardlong bean under saline conditions. The experiment involved seven traits, including germin...

Shahbaz Hussain1, Asif Ameen2*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar3, Atif Naeem1, Ahmad Jawad1, Madad Ali1, Muhammad Ather Nadeem3, Ghulam Abbas2, Muhammad Arif2, Muhammad Ahmad Zafar4, Zahid Hassan5

...s a dire need to choose appropriate herbicides and their effective dose for controlling weeds in DSR fields. A field trial was conducted to appraise the comparative efficacy of three post-emergent herbicides applied at different doses [Clover 20% EC (bispyribac sodium) at 39.54, 59.30, and 79.07 g a.i. ha-1, Pyranex Gold 30% WDG (bispyribac sodium + bensulfuron methyl) at 74.13, 111.20, and 148.26 g a.i. ha-1, and Puma Super...

Qurrat ul Ain Shafique1, Sana Batool2, Hanfa Ashfaq2, Asima Tayyab2, Roquyya Gul3 and Mahjabeen Saleem1*

...f the cytokines that is approved by FDA for cancer immunotherapy particularly kidney and skin cancer. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 4-helix-bundle type I cytokine possessing a cytokine receptor chain essential for the immune response. The current study presents a vector/host combination (pET28a(+)/IL-2) and optimization of expression in LB,TB and M9 media with varying concentrations of inducers (IPTG and lactose) and post induction time. Maximum expression of IL-2...
Luis Fernando Díaz-Toral1, Carlos Eddy Alvarado-Zamora1, Ernesto Gonzalo Cañarte-Bermúdez2*, José Bernardo Navarrete-Cedeño2, Gilmar Jesús Cañarte-Cañarte1 and Fernando David Sánchez-Mora1* 
...ch was to determine the appropriate time and dose of application of mepiquat chloride (MC), as a plant growth regulator (PGR), in the Coker cotton commercial variety. This field trial was carried out during February-August 2020 in La Teodomira experimental farm of the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP, Lodana, Manabí, Ecuador), with three periods of application and four doses of growth regulator in addition to control (without regulator...
Julio Adolfo Corzo-Bacallao1*, Carlos Alfredo Salas-Macías1, Osvaldo Fonseca-Rodríguez2,3, Felipe R. Garcés-Fiallos1, Erika Isabel Alcívar-Muñoz1 and Henry Fabricio Baque-Loor1 
 
...n a mountainous area of approximately 300 meters above sea level. Coffee (Coffea arabica, sp.) production is carried out in a context of peasant family agriculture, with an agroforestry system with coffee trees of the Sarchimor variety planted at 1.5 x 1.5 m, interspersed with tree species typical of the dry forest. The system involves manual weed control, without fertilization, irrigation, phytosanitary control, or shade regulation. In this scenario, a...

Aspen Abutalip*, Batyrbek Aitzhanov, Assiya Mussayeva, Vladislava Suchshikh, Natalya Yegorova

...s elimination. One such approach is the timely and rapid diagnosis of the disease, which will allow the timely implementation of preventive measures. The purpose of the study was to develop an express test to identify cases of animal morbidity for emphysematous carbuncle in the field. For this purpose, a serological method was used using the latex agglutination test (LAT). When preparing the diagnostic, antibodies to surface proteins associated with the flagel...

Huma Naz1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Tanveer Ahmed3*, Khalid Abbas2, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Fareeha Latif4, Adnan Ahmad Qazi1, Muhammad Adeel Hassan5

...n and in bio-monitoring approaches. 
 
Novelty Statement | This research sheds light on the genotoxicity and environmental risks associated with endosulfan and chlorpyrifos pesticides in freshwater ecosystems and offers new insights into the potential synergistic effects of these pesticides on aquatic organisms.
...

Saira Jabeen1, Muhammad Avais1*, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2, Aftab Ahmad Anjum3

...search presents a novel approach to combating E. coli mastitis in dairy cows through the development and evaluation of newly formulated vaccines. The findings offer a significant advancement in mastitis vaccine development, shedding light on potential strategies to mitigate the economic burden of mastitis in the dairy industry.
...

Jinzhao Li1, Yawen Zhang2, Binghan Jia1, Yuqiong Zhao1, Huijuan Luo1, Xiaojie Ren1, Yuan Li3, Xiaoyan Bai1, Jing Ye3 and Junping Li1*

...es. The gene sequencing approach was used to detect alternatively spliced tau isoforms in the distal colonic muscle layer. Sequencing analysis revealed that 3 isoforms of tau, namely 2N4R, 1N4R and 0N4R were expressed in the distal colonic myocardium tissue. OIC rats had small, dry and hard feces, and intestinal propulsion velocity was significantly slower, especially in the distal colon. P-Ser396-Tau, P-Ser404-Tau, PKC, p-p38, p38, and Tau positive cells were...

Akbar Khan Khajjak1,4*, Adnan Nazir2, Tehmina Mangan1 and Ali Raza1

...tic production frontier approach was employed for examining the technical efficiency and inefficiency factors in wheat production. The results indicated that the improvement in wheat production is due to the preferable utilization of land and practices used in cultivation. Where results denote that the wheat yields can be enhanced up to 0.275 percent by applying one percent more fertilizer in kilograms in wheat cultivation. Wheat farms were 87 percent commerci...

Apurbo Kumar Mondal1, Md. Rabiul Auwul2, Md. Momotaj Hossen3, Md. Sodrul Islam1*, Narayan Paudyal4, Md. Shahidul Islam1 and Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil1

...es as the most suitable approach for obtaining pooled data from individual studies. This study aimed at using a random-effects model of meta-analysis to compile the estimates of the global prevalence and potential risk factors of PPR among sheep and goats. Based on the selection criteria and quality assessment score, 40 peer-reviewed publications were included in the final database for the...

Arshad Javaid1* and Iqra Haider Khan

...mendment significantly suppressed root length by 21–48% over control. A
1.2% soil amendment significantly reduced biomass of parthenium seedlings by 23%. This
study concludes that leaf and stem extracts of parthenium possess potent herbicidal
potential for control of parthenium.
...

Nimra Javaid1, Mukhtar Hussain Shah1, Iqra Haider Khan2, *Arshad Javaid2 and Syed Muhammad Waleed1

...o highly inhibitory in suppressing the germination up to 89% and 95%, shoot length up to 80% and 89%, root length up to 86% and 91%, and plant biomass up to 89% and 98%, respectively. Stem extract showed the least herbicidal activity causing up to 46%, 59%, 73% and 37% reduction in germination, shoot length, root length and plant biomass, respectively. This study concludes that leaf, root and inflorescence extracts of A. conyzoides possess strong herbicidal po...

Adil Hussain1*, Muhammad Qasim Hayat22 and Syed Ali Imran Bokhari1

...with maximum likelihood approach using its ETS (External transcribed spacer)and ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) of nrDNA sequences showed its resemblance with other Artemisia species reported from the world. This species needs to be included in the rare plant species list in the flora of Pakistan following the criteria of IUCN.

...

Felix O. Takim*1, Gideon Z. Nayan2, Oluwafemi O. Osatuyi1and Israel O. Olayiwola1

... often results in weed suppression and increased crop productivity. This study was designed to determine the appropriate planting time and optimal density of sweet potato in a maize-sweet potato intercropping system that will minimize weed infestation and improve yield of the component crops in a drought-prone southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. The experiment was laid as a randomized complete block design with a split-plot ...
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan 1, Sadia Afzal2, Muhammad Azim
Khan3, Tasawer Abbas4, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid1, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1,
Naila Farooq5 Amir Aziz5
...ops and soil. Alternate approach to control weeds is getting attentions in
sustainable production system. Use of aqueous extracts of crops is getting scientific
attention as eco-friendly alternative to synthetic herbicides especially under scenario of fast
increasing herbicide resistance in weeds. To investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous
extract of winter crop Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower) on summ...
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan*1, Sadia Afzal2, Ahsan Aziz1,
Rizwan Maqbool3, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz4, Amjed Ali1, Muhammad
Adnan1, Durrishahwar5
...ormed to determine the suppressive or simulative influence
of aqueous extracts of leaves, stem and fruit of Carthamus tinctorius L. at different
concentrations(0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%)on Echinochloa cruss-galli L. Results revealed
that 8%concentration of aqueous extracts of all tested parts of C. tinctorius was most
phytotoxic against germination as well growth of E. cruss-galli. Maximum mean emergence

Shabana Mangi1, Waheed Ali Panhwar1, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, G. Sarwar Solangi2, Khalid Hussain Rind3, Nazir Ahmed Abro4, Zaibun-nisa Memon1, Gul Hafeeza Lund1 and Paras Somroo1

Salman Ali1*, Muhammad Arif1, Mehran Ali1, Muhammad Afzaal2, Gohar Saeed32, Muhammad Bilal4, Fazal Munsif1 and Sajjad Zaheer1

Farrukh Avais1, Anser Ali1, Hamza Javed2, Muhammad Saleem3, Tehreem Tahir4,
Muhammad Rafiq5,*
...e might be an effective approach. To this end we prepared methanolic (MeOH)
extracts from leaves and roots of Garlic Allium sativum (AS) and Peppermint Mentha
piperita (MP), which were further processed for 1:1 fractional distillation to prepare
methanolic n-hexane (MeOH_n-Hx), methanolic ethyl acetate (MeOH_EA) and
methanolic chloroform (MeOH_CHCl3) extracts, aiming to evaluate tyrosinase and antioxidant
...
Muhammad Saleem Chang*[1], Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro2, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi4, Jay Kumar Sootaher*3, Piar Ali Shar3, Kashif Ali Buriro2, Nadia Mangrio5, Zafarullah Channa3
 
 
...p;allelopathy and other approaches on weed management in barely at Students’ Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam for weed as well as barely parameters having eight treatments with three replications. The data revealed that the maximum weed control (91.3%) was recorded under T7= Puma super 7.5% emulsifiable water at 0.625 liters ha-1, 50% reduced (30 Days after sowing) + Purple nutsedge w...

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1*, Saima Anwar2, Rizwan Maqbool3, Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz4, Iram Batool3, Athar Mahmood3, Abdul Rehman1, Aafaq Ali5, Aneela Nijabat5

...ops and soil. Alternate approach to control weeds is getting attentions in sustainable production system. Use of aqueous extracts of weed is getting scientific attention as eco-friendly alternative to chemical herbicides especially under scenario of fast increasing herbicide resistance in weeds. To investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous extract of winter weed of Sonchus oleraceus L. (sow thistle) on summer weed Oryza punctata L. (red rice) seed emerge...

Muhammad Nasir Mazhar1, Muhammad Arif*, Naeem Akhtar1 and Muhammad Shafiq1 and Muhammad Yousaf1

...ess the effect of multi-approached weed suppression in wheat at Reclamation Research Station, 7/3-L Ahmad Pur Sial District Jhang during winter 2019-20. Experimental treatment was comprised of two wheat cultivars i.e. Ujala 2016 and Faisalabad 2008 and seven weeds control approaches i.e. hand weeding, organic mulching, eucalyptus extract, neem extract, clodinafop, bromoxynil + MCPA and clo...

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1* Sadia Afzal2, Rizwan Maqbool3, Hasnain Waheed1, Aneela Nijabat4, Muhammad Ikram5, Amir Aziz6, Muhammad Adnan1, Qaisar Mehmood7, Hasnain Umer3

... in crop plant help in suppressing or inhibiting weeds. Therefore, this study was planned to investigate the allopathic potential of aqueous extract of winter crop Papaver somniferum (opium) on summer weed Echinochloa cruss-galli (barnyard grass. The experiment comprised of seven concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%) of different plant parts i.e., leaves, stem and flower of P. somniferumwere. All the tested concentrations and plant parts of P. somnif...

Mushtaq A.Alabodi1*, Imad Majeed Almeeni2 

...e subcutaneous dose to suppress or delay the estrus cycle in queens. Ten domesticated non-pregnant cats of known origin aged between 1-3 years were used. The cats were divided randomly into two groups. The first group (G1, n=5) was left without treatment and served as control group, and the second group (G2, n=5) was administered 18 mg melatonin implants as a single-dose subcutaneously. Before starting treatment at day zero, 3 ml of blood was collected from th...

Nittaya Thongtip1, Sukanya Poolthajit1, Sirikhan Thartrak1, Qiongxian Yan2, Suntorn Wittayakun1* 

...) growing male goats at approximately 12 months of age were assigned in a replicated 4x4 Latin square design. Treatments were as follows: 1) control with no supplementation (CON), 2) rumen-protected D-Aspartate (RDA), at 132.74 mg/kg body weight (BW), 3) zinc bio-complex (ZBC) at 73.74 mg/kg BW, and 4) supplementation of RDA at 132.74 mg/kg BW plus ZBC at 73.74 mg/kg BW (RAZC). All dietary treatments were provided in gelatin hard capsules prepared for each tr...
Hasina Baloch1, Rahmatullah Rind2, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1*, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Hubdar Ali Kolachi3, Saqib Kakar1, Muhammad Ibrahim3, Fayaz Ahned1, Hasnain Ali1 and Muhammad Mahesar1
...is considered useful in apprising health of the animals recommending future strategies to control the infections, an important factor in productivity enhancement.

...
Ali Bouzekri1,2*, Souheila Slimani1,2, Meryem Nassar1,2, Souad Zaaboub3 and Nora Sakhraoui1
...y male pigeons weighing approximately 309,20 ± 14,41g were divided equally into six groups as follows: CT served as the control, SPT group orally given with 15 mg/kg BW/day, TT100 and TT50 groups orally administrated with 100 and 50 mg/kg BW/day of TT respectively, and SPT+ TT100 and SPT + TT50 groups. Testicular volume and body weight were measured each two weeks. Whereas histopathological profile and luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating horm...

Md. Shahidul Islam*, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Md. Sodrul Islam, Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil and Apurbo Kumar Mondal

Karin Alvåsen1*, Karin Maria Olofsson2, Raymond Kent Fenton3, Ulrika Rockström4, Lena-Mari Tamminen1, Nils Fall1

...tandardized, systematic approach to opening and photo documenting dead cattle on farm. Images are sent to a bovine practitioner, experienced in interpreting gross lesions, for analysis. In this pilot study, education and training sessions on the RDN method were administered to veterinarians. After the training sessions, the participants performed 15 RDNs. Subsequently, interviews were conducted with 10 participants to capture their experiences and views on usi...

M. Daud AK1,2*, Mahdi Abrar2*, Teuku Reza Ferasyi3,4, Harapan Harapan5,6,7,8

...riptive epidemiological approach and geospatial mapping to track, analyze, and map the distribution patterns and trends of FMD outbreaks in Aceh, Indonesia using data from 23 districts between March 2022 to August 2023. The FMD case were collected from the Crisis Centre of Foot and Mouth Disease, Aceh Department of Agriculture, and Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using ArcGIS software to determine the spatial and clustering pattern o...
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1, Muhammad Afzal1, Liu Yu Feng2
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Hina Safdar3, Arif Mehmood1, Shahid Iqbal4 and Muhammad Adnan1
...Similarly, significant suppression of adult lifespan was exhibited by flubendiamide (11.83 and 11.85 days) and chlorfenapyr (12.28 and 12.06 days). Overall study results advocate further consideration of these aforesaid biorational insecticides against S. litura infestations. However, assessment of their compatibility with each other and with other IPM strategies both under lab and field conditions constitutes future perspectives of this work.

...
Mohammad Khan , Nazeer Hussain Shah , Gul Hassan , Habibullah , Nazir Ahmad , Zahoor-ul-Haq
Waggner Gomes Palharini,Sabrina Alves dos Santos,Germani Concen?o,Rodolpho Freire Marques,Maxwell Eli?zer dos Santos Alves,Leandro Galon,Julio Cesar Salton
Muhammad Azim Khan, Mahsooma Tariq, Anees Amin, Gul Hassan, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Hujjat Ullah Khan
Subhan ud Din,Rahamdad Khan,IJAZ AHMAD KHAN,MUHAMMAD WAQAS,Ijaz Ahmad,OBAID UR REHMAN,Muhammad Haroon,Muhammad Ramzan
J. A. Oladiran,H. I. Usman,J. A. Oladiran,M.G.M. Kolo,M.G.M. Kolo,H. I. Usman
SHAHIDA KHALID,Sehrish Sadia,TAUSEEF ANWAR,YASIR ARAFAT,SANA RIAZ
MASOOD UR REHMAN,MUHAMMAD WAQAS,Muhammad Ramzan,Rahamdad Khan,IFTIKHAR UD DIN,Subhan ud Din
Muhammad Azim Khan, Shafaq Ahsan, Farhatullah, Gul Hassan , Anwar Nawaz Khan1
Altaf Sher , Muhammad Riaz Chattha, Shahida Khalid , Mohammad Mumtaz Khan
Abdul Shukor Juraimi,Ahmad Selamat,Azmi Man,Md. Parvez Anwar,Adam Puteh
EJAZ AHMAD KHAN,IMAM BAKHSH,IMRAN WAZIR,Mohammad Safdar Baloch,MUHAMMAD AMJAD NADIM,ABDUL AZIZ KHAKWANI,INAYAT ULLAH AWAN,MUHAMMAD SADIQ,INAYAT HUSSAIN SHAH

Aftab Khan*, Yasir Khan and Saleem Iqbal 

...dy’s fusion-based approach not only advances the field of blind image deblurring, but it also has great potential to improve image quality and accuracy across a range of domains, including surveillance systems, medical imaging, and satellite imagery, where precise visuals are essential for making important decisions.

...

Kang Cheng1*, Zhihua Song2, Jingyi Niu1, Jin Huang1, Laiting Liu1, Jinrong Wang1 and Yong Zhang1*

...roxidase activity, the suppressed toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway mediated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha at translational and transcriptional level, and the increased gene expression of interleukin 10 in the jejunum. In conclusion, fisetin alleviated the intestinal injury in rats caused by heat stress through inhibiting of oxidative stress and inflammation. This may offer a useful nutritional strategy for improving ...

 

Chika Bright Ikele1*, Ugwu Venita Uju1, Chioma Faith Ikele2

...ith 3 sub-replicates of approximately 160 theronts. Mortality occurred in all groups except in the control group during the exposure period. 24-h theront mortality was highest in bitter leaf extracts and least in cashew leaf extract. Mortality was also dependent on extract concentration and extraction solvent. The two highest mortalities of 54.2% and 53.1% occurred at 0.1 g/ml ethanol and chloroform extracts of bitter leaf, respectively on 24-h exposure durati...

Manar Neamah Al-Shreefy*, Suhaib A.H. Al-Taai 

... a narrow muscular tube approximately 1.47±0.02 cm in length and 0.044±0.02 gm in weight, divided according to its position into three portions. The stomach was a transverse, transparent, whitish-pink sac-like structure of the digestive system with a weight of 1.13±0.05 gm, a length of 2.76±0.04 cm, and a capacity of 2.57±0.08 ml. The stomach lacks an outward demarcation-limiting ridge between its divisions and appears relati...

Sariffudin Fatmona*, Sri Utami, Gunawan

...ty and quantity. Hence, appropriate reproduction management is needed. In this case, direct measurement is carried out in the field, in addition to observation and interview with the breeders. The number of cattle involved is 230 cattle and aged more than two years old. Furthermore, their weight was measured using the Djagra formulation. The variables studied include Post Partum Estrus, Post Partum Mating, Calving Interval, and Weight by calculating the mean, ...

Thuong Thi Nguyen1*, Thoa Thi Kim Nguyen1,2, Thuan Khanh Nguyen3, Meera C. Heller4

...er smallholder farm was approximately 9 cows with 11.52 ± 4.56 kg/cow/day. Milk yield was measured for the total number of dairy cows per smallholder, and 10 milk quality parameters included somatic cell count (SCC) and others (total solid, fat, solid-non-fat, crude protein, pH, free fatty acids, lactose, temperature, true protein), and examined by Foss–Milkoscan machines in dairy centers. SCC was classified into 5 levels (<100, 100-<200, 20...

Abdul Rahman Sesay1,2, Muhammad Saif-ur-Rehman1*, Faisal Ramzan1 and Faisal Saeed Awan3

...he iHS and the Tajima D approach. The result reveals the current positive selections on BTA 1, 2, 6, 11, 12, 15, 17, 21, and 27 with the iHS test, while for the Tajima D test, the current positive selections were detected on BTA 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 18, 20, 23, and 24. A total of 47 genes were detected within selection regions associated with vital economic traits. The QTL enrichment analysis has shown eight substantial QTLs in BTA19 and BTA20 linke...

Basheer Ahmad, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*

...be a valuable extension approach. However, effective extension programming needs partners to share an understanding of the challenges and an idea for positive results. Moreover, it necessitates the appropriate selection of messages, messengers, target audiences, and effective communication tools. To further promote agroforestry in Pakistan, this review suggests implementing corrective measures to rationalize prevailing syste...
Muhammad Umair1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
...rtners to share both an appreciation of the problem and a vision of viable solutions. The corrective actions be taken in order to streamline the existing systems and develop methods and approaches that are sustainable over the long run-in order to improve agroforestry in Pakistan.
Keywords: Agroforestry, Sustainable, Intercropping, socioeconomics, sustainable economics.
...
Pervez Manan1, Farhat Jabeen1 and Ahmad Zamir2
...ange. Systemic sampling approach was adopted. The circular plots with a radius of 17.84 (0.1 Ha area) were used. In each plot, diameters at breast height (DBH) and height of trees with DBH more than 5 cm were measured. Above-ground dry Biomass (AGB) in Kg per 0.1ha was calculated at plot level by using the following equation (Ali, 2015):
AGB = 0.0253D2.6077 (1)
Where AGB is above-ground dry biomass in Kilogram (Kg) and ...
Syed Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...th in the study area at approximately 200m (400 steps) distance. Soil samples were collected from the study area and thus investigated for climatic parameters. The results show that the climate of Utror valley is quite suitable and is fit for growth of Morels....
Muhammad Bilal Zia and Muhammad Tahir Laeeq
...mentosa may be more appropriate in species improvement programme and for further field cultivation.

Key Words: Paulownia, genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance

...
Muhammad Tahir Laeeq and Muhammad Asif Aziz
... quality planting stock appropriate nursery techniques are imperative.

The study was initiated to assess the effect of various nursery techniques on the growth improvement of neem seedlings for obtaining healthy planting stock. The study comprised of four experiments including (i) application of fertilizer (urea) @ 0.2 gm/seedling at 2, 4, 6 and 8 days intervals. (ii) application of a hydroabsorbant polymer having a blend of fertilizer and growth sti...

Ghulam Mustafa Nasir and Khalid Hussain Solangi
...ndant and also occupied approximately one third volume of the wood. Over all, the parenchymatous cells occupied highest volume of the wood for the reason it may be non-durable and require preservative treatment when used as solid wood. However, preservation and seasoning behavior of the wood may be slow. Pilu wood may be medium in density and strength and can also be used for manufacturing of particleboard and pulp and paper in addition to its conventional use...
Ashar Farooq and Mubashir Hassan
... improved by developing appropriate range improvement techniques like reseeding, protection from grazing and scientific grazing system.

...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Muhammad Muslim
...t management plan....
Fariha Iqbal, Nowsherwan Zarif and Tariq Mahmood
... are supporting the JFM approach as well as THB as imposed by the Government but a fewer number of people are against the THB as they think that they are being deprived of their ancestral rights. Forest department is supporting the system as per the policy requirement but is not in favor of the THB because it is hindering in the scientific management of the existing forests. The study concludes that activities undertaken by the JFMCs under the current scenario...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Muhammad Muslim
...he study area.

...
Tariq Mahmood and Zulfiqar Ali
...o, Brazil in June, 1992 approved a new kind of development that is human-sustainable and shared, emphasizing the involvement of the local community at all levels of planning and implementation. Review of the most of the sociological studies conducted so far in Pakistan under this approach revealed that this approach not only made these projects successful but also helped in prolonging thei...
M. Nafees and Zahid Ullah
...vey Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques including transit walk and semi-structured interview were used. Mountains are communal property that can be acquired as personal property by converting it in to agriculture land. The study area was reforested in 2000-2002 with the help of forest department and harvesting was banned for five years after consultation with the local people. On termination of the ban, a household located adjacent to the Tara-Gat M...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
... depleting at a rate of approximately 1.78% due to burning of 31.6 million m3 fuelwood annually which is adding considerable amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The deforestation, mostly due to illegal logging, is affecting multiple uses of forest resources, and equity and fairness within and between generations. It is increasing poverty directly in forest dependent communities by depriving them from their livelihoods. A great number of sp...
Muhammad Afzal, Aqeela Mobeen Akhtar and M. Mahboob-ur-Rahman
...lted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rarely place the temperature above 46oC, newspaper sources claim that it reaches 51oC and regularly carry reports about people who have succumbed to the heat. Heat records were broken in Multan in June 1993, when the mercury was reported to have risen to 54oC. In August the oppressive heat is punctuated by the rainy season,...
Maqsood Anwar1, Abdul Wahid Jasra2 and I. Ahmad3
...ion Plan (BAP) has been approved by the Government of Pakistan in 2000. Protected Areas System has also been established for in-situ conservation of biodiversity throughout the country. Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 provides legal protection to the overall environment in Pakistan. While keeping in view the biodiversity scenario in Pakistan, a situational response has been proposed in this paper.

...
N. R. Wani1, A. H. Mughal2 and M. A. Khan3
... that soil reaction was approximately neutral in case of vegetation area but was mildly alkaline in barren land. However, vegetation area was comparatively superior in organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and moisture content than barren land.

Key words: Afforestation, Nutrient status, Manasbal lake, Soil

...
Majid Azizi and Mohammad Modarres
...y Process (AHP) ratings approach. A control hierarchy is then created and prioritized using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) to evaluate the control criteria of the system. There are a total of 19 control criteria in the system and each controls a decision network evaluated using the ANP. The final synthesis of the system shows external procurement is the best choice.

Keywords: AHP, ANP, BOCR, paper industry.

...
A.W. Jasra and Imtiaz Ahmad
...and Tibet. A methodical approach wheel was invented in Pakistan with the support of International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and International Centre for Research and Training on Seabuckthorn (ICRTS) to use seabuckthorn natural resource for producing high value products with the objective of economic empowerment of local communities and to enhance ecological conservation. Policy wins through aggressive advocacy and community participat...
Sardar M. Rafique and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...n of mulberry leaf were approximately the same as in spring however, cocoon and shell weights ECIC, ECIS, ECDC and ECDS were lower in all test strains. Based on these results it is recommended that more profitable and efficient strains like J-99, J-101, 205-MKD, etc. should be reared at 24±1°C with 75±5% RH. In addition, training of mulberry plants should be carried out before the autumn rearing to get young nutritious leaves.

Key words: Si...

Sardar M. Rafique and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...digested food (ECD) and approximate digestibility (AD), vis-a-vis larval body weight gain (LBWG) were calculated for seven silkworm strains (J-99, J-101, 205-MKD, 206-MKD, 206-PO, 207-PO, 208-PO) during Spring (26±1°C, 75±5% RH) and Autumn (30±2, 80±1% RH) rearing seasons. The results revealed a significant difference among the silkworm strains for ingestibility, ECI, ECD, AD and LBWG During spring season maximum and minimum ingestibili...
Shams-ur-Rehman, Altaf Hussain and Riaz A. Khattak
...the economically viable approaches to reduce poverty as several million ha. area has been severely hit by this menace in many countries of South Asia. The paper describes the screening/selection of species following use of some soil amendments to successfully establish trees on these marginal and extremely low nutrient lands. It is anticipated that the rural communities could be greatly benefited if they are provided some minor incentives like provision of qua...
Altaf Hussain and Shams-ur-Rehman
...n attempt to develop an appropriate technique for rooting juvenile cuttings of chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) under nursery conditions. Top shoot cuttings of 2-0 seedlings were treated with various concentrations of Indole-butyric acid (IBA) in talc formulation and tested for root initiation in three different seasons i.e. March, July and October using sand media by following randomized complete block design. The results indicated maximum rooting (8...
Abdul Qayyum Khan, Bashir Ahmad Wani, Hakim Shah and S. Irfanullah
...and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools were used to carry out this survey. According to the survey results, firewood emerged as the largest source of energy used for cooking and heating. The consumption of firewood was 2.35 maunds/household/week. Annually each person consumes 1.13 tons of firewood for cooking and heating. Among the other sources of energy, kerosene oil and natural gas were being consumed at the rate of 1.83 liters and 3.29 kilograms/hou...
Ghulam Akbar
...ssion and new ideas and approaches are emerging. The necessity of new ecological models was realized keeping in view the limitations of the successional model in meeting the management objectives of a particular range resource in a given set of ecological conditions. The paper reviews the major approaches of three ecological models and discusses their validity and application in varying sets of ecological conditions....
Ayaz Khan Marwat, Anwar Ali and Saz Muhammad
...tion system is the most appropriate sivicultural system for managing the Himalayan moist temperate forests. If properly practiced, single tree selection system can protect the steep slopes from erosion and produce timber and other forest products on sustainable basis. Single tree selection system can be safely applied in the forests where REDD+ projects are implemented as it allows for limited extraction of timber and non-significant reduction in carbon stock ...
Khalid Hussain and G. M. Nasir
... was abundant, occupied approximately one third volume of the wood for the reason; the wood may be non-durable and require preservative treatment before used as solid wood. The wood may be less durable however it can be easily preserved with chemicals. Further, due to better fiber morphological characteristics, the wood can be used for pulp and paper manufacture....
M. Said and Tahir Hussain
...ied out. For the proper appreciation of the results achieved it is necessary to give a brief description of the past history and other factors connected with the range....
Sardar Muhammad Rafique
...d two clippings have no appreciable effect on floristic composition however, two clippings has caused slight increase in forage production. The study has demonstrated that poor temperate rangelands could be rehabilitated by application of suitable fertilizer and control grazing for about 5 years....
S. M. Rafique
...lues. This implied that appropriate range improvement activities are imperative for sound pastoral economy and sustainable watershed resources of the mountainous region of the NWFP....
Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry and Jehangir Ghauri
...water channels, on farm approach roads, as woodlots and in compact blocks in fields with agricultural crops at variable spacings.

In this paper results of effect of various spacings on the growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis under agroforestry systems have been presented. ...

Sardar Mohammad Rafique
...ther the study revealed appreciably higher soil porosity through decrease in soil bulk density and increase in water intake capacity (infiltration rate) with grazing management and application of fertilizer....
Bashir Ahmad
...ducts is needed to make appropriate production decisions. Unfortunately, such information is totally missing about various forest trees in the Azad Jammu and Kashmir, where forests occupies about 27.1 percent of total area of 1.33 million hectares (Forestry Sector Master Plan)....
M. Rafique Sardar
... in the fall season had appreciable effect on forage production. The study based on the information has suggested cut and carry program for seeded Cenchrus ciliaris under silvopastoral system or deferred rotation grazing plan with grazing in late fall to winter season in the Peshawar valley....
K. M. Siddiqui
...tion Organization (ECO) Approved Calendar of Events the Regional Conference on Intensive Forest Management was held in the Pakistan Forest Institute. Peshawar on 21-28 May, 1993. Participants from Iran, Kirghizstan, Turkey, Turkish Cyprus. Uzbekistan and Pakistan attended this Conference at the invitation of Government of Pakistan. Representatives of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan were not able to attend the Conference. Although, they had already confirmed thei...
Muhammad Arif Chaudhry and Altaf Hussain
...pliceps was reduced appreciably but it showed a fair degree of tolerance to the highest concentrations to dieback injury. The higher concentrations (0.308%, 0615%) caused highly significant reductions in plant height in A. ampliceps, A. lebbek, L. leucocephala and A. nilotica in a decreasing order....
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...are most effective in suppressing the pest populations and are the safest instruments for dealing with pest invasions. Bacilus thruingiensis a disease causing bacterium extracted from various lepidopterous pests, has been developed into commercial microbial insecticides. Many worker such as Smirnoff (1963), Sider, (1965), Mihalache et al. (1972), Podgwaite and Cambell (1972), Jaque (1972), Yendal et al. (1973) and Arru (1975) tried...
*Raja Muhammad Omer, **Shaukat Ali Khan and ***Charles R. Hatch
...FP. A sample survey of approximately 10 percent of these contracts was undertaken in 1993. This study describes attributes of private farm nursery operators, estimates the supply, demand and direct sale of tree seedlings from private farm nurseries, identifies limitations which prevent the marketing of tree seedlings, and suggests changes in forest department policies which could increase seedling sales....
Shakeel Haider Zaidi, Anwar Ahmad Khan and Muhammad Muslim
...acing for planting and appropriate doses of NPK fertilizer required for better growth and yield was determined. The plant is perennial at higher hills and good yield of leaves was recorded during second and third year's growth of the plant. Roots of A. acuminata attained exploitable size after three years growth....
M. Ayaz
...rkers. For this work an appropriate wage system is an important pre-requisite. At present there is no incentive oriented wage system (piece-rates) in forestry, which is developed on time and productivity principles. To develop a piece-rate on the basis of time demand and productivity considering tree variables and work place factors, time studies were carried out in Kaghan Valley on felling and conversion of deodar (Cedrus deodara) and fir/spruc...
K. M. Siddiqui
...al Cabinet of Ministers approved the Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (PNCS) on March 1, 1992 prior to the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development to be held in Rio de Janairo, Brazil, in June, 1992. The PNCS Report was prepared jointly by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and Government of Pakistan over a period of five years and is result of efforts of many experts in govern, cental and non-governmental organizations...
S. H. Iqbal and Firdaus-e-Bareen
...eaves of mosses. At the approach of winter the aerial fronds of ferns and other plants in the rock crevices start senescing. The fine rhizoids of mosses and liverworts were observed penetrating the decaying aerial portions of Adiantum capillus-veneris L., making them heavily VA mycorrhizal. Vesicular and arbuscular infections were observed in thestem and fronds of Adiantum....
P. H. Haydock Wilson and A. R. Beg
...positing allelopathic suppression of mycorrhiza by phenols secreted by Imperata. No recommendations for management are made, as the problem of Imperata colonization does not appear pressing, relative both to the wider problem of forest clearance in the area, and to the cost of any possible solution....
Malik Muhammad Khan and David R. Betters
... economic benefits. An approach to determining economic benefits is illustrated in an application to a typical small irrigated farm in Punjab. The analysis first finds the most economically efficient single crop and joint poplar-wheat production possibilities then analyzes these possibilities under typical farm constraints and requirements. In the case study, the result show that applying agroforestry practices can increase overall farm production and ...
M. Kleine
...ocedure of selecting an appropriate design, implementing it in the field, data processing and interpretation of the results are described....
Gerald Foley
...ened to a more creative approach than simply promoting technical improvements.

Charcoal Making in the Developing World by Gerald Foley, head of the Earthscan Energy Information Programme. It is copiously illustrated and written in a clear and lucid style. It is the fifth report in the Earthscan Technical Report series; previous reports covered biomass gasification, improved cooking stoves, community forestry, and the use of agricultural residues as ...

Raja Walayat Hussain
...ed different management approaches and decisions including the fixation of rotation age. Fixation of the felling age of a tree species is primarily a managerial decision depending upon the evaluation of several criteria and options consistent with the prevalent policy. Thus for some species there could be different ages (rotations) at which trees may be felled for specific management objective....
M. I.Sultani, Akhtar Ali, M. S. Khan and M. A. A. Qureshi
... unmulched pot soil was approximately 50 and 70 percent less respectively over the free water surface....
G. M. Baloch, M. I. Arif and M. Irshad
...i>P.tuberosa caused appreciable damage to their host weeds. Investigations in the biology, ecology, and nature of damage of these promising enemies were carried out. ...
K. M. Siddiqui
...and paper making tests. Approximately 41.5 tons of chir pine wood in green condition was chipped on multiple knife chippers with 0.7, 1.5, 95.0 and 2.8% production of knots, oversize, acceptable chips and fines respectively. Energy consumption was found to be 9.75 kWh per ton of green wood. Three digesters, each containing 6 tons of wood on oven dry weight basis were cooked. Average screened pulp yield was found to be 46.3%with a Kappa number of 25. After was...
Salahuddin Ahmad
...ts, the one rather less appreciated and even neglected aspect is that the plants are the sole source of nectar and pollen for the bees and bee-keeping industry .We talk and dream no stalically about a land overflowing with milk and honey but practically do nothing to realise our ambition. Generally it does not pay to raise plants specially for the bees but we can combine and encourage, by thoughtful selection of nectar-producing plants for the chief object whi...
M.I. Sheikh and Sultan Maqsood Khan
...nd that species differ appreciably in the survival percentage as well as the average height of survived plants. The irrigation frequencies had a differential effect on the biomass production of leucaenea and the height of trees but not on their survival percentage. Leucaenea leucocephala, had a much more survival, height and biomass than all other species. Robinia did not do well under low or no irrigation and Tecoma did as good without ...
M. Iqbal Ahmad, Hanif Gul and Wali-ur-Rehman
...iston regalis Moore appreared in epidemic form in the blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) forests of Murree and Azad Kashmir in August, 1980, causing defoliation over about 3175 acres. The insect has an annual life cycle with moths emerging in May. These have brownish grey wings with thick black and white strips, exhibiting close mimicry with tree trunks. They hide under plant debris during day and become active at dusk and dawn. Moths spend the night si...
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...No fertilizer treatment appreciably affected the forage production of intermediate species, Themeda anathera and Heteropogon contortus....
Ali Asghar Khan
.... The prognosis of this approach is discussed briefly, to create awareness about the effects of unwarranted changes in environment and need for studying the factors involve don pilot basis. ...
M. I. R. Khan
...bian Gulf. It has an approximate area of 80,000 square kilo metres with an overall hot and arid subtropical climate. The average annual rainfall of Abu Dhabi is hardly 40 mm with most of the precipitation falling in winter months. A considerable amount of moisture condenses on the ground and vegetation in the form of dew. The atmospheric humidity is very high especially in the coastal belt throughout the year on account of the close proximity of the Gul...
M. Ikram
...py straw in 1957 was approximately seventy three tons of which twelve tons was obtained from straw. The production of opium increased to one hundred seventy tons in 1972 of which approximately sixty tons was obtained from straw. Poppy straw consists of dried capsule walls and stems. Table I1 gives the composition of opium from various sources....
S. Maqsood Khan
... in grass and forbs. No appreciable difference was found in the frequency of grasses or forbs of desirable, intermediate or undesirable species due to closure....
Faqir Mohammad Khan
...t-too-certain spells of appropriate weather conditions as well as the non-availability of necessary equipment and material. Despite these difficulties, good progress has been achieved on the project in the flowing of aerial photography, preparation of maps and drawing up of integrated land resources reports. In some cases, even the follow-up operational projects have been put to implementation. The procedure is that aerial photography is carried out on two sca...
Mohammad Shahid and Abdul Qayyum
...of the bee colonies at appropriate times to different places as determined in this work is recommended for maximum honey production....
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...ng each year and get it approved by his conservator or chief conservator. The permissible deviation is generally 10%. The intermediate yields are usually prescribed by area and their volume estimated from past experience. Adequately stocked Reserved Forests growing on steep slopes vulnerable to soil erosion, and the guzara forests, are worked under the modified selection system. Felling of trees of exploitable size is further restricted in the guzara...
Raja Walayat Hussain and Zaheer Ahmad
...eeds an unconventional approach to reduce the wide gap existing between wood supply and demand. To over come this imbalance foresters and researchers have realized the necessity of raising plantations of fast growing trees for quite some time. In this context they became interested in Hybrid poplars, in general, which ranked high among fast growing tree species owing to their intrinsic qualities and in Poplar clone 1-214, in particular, which ...
Mohammad Shahid
...ental resistance which suppressed the biotic potential of the species from being realised. The species existed but usually maintained a low level of population or equilibrium between the forces within the species and the environments. All the pests that are present today were there 70 years or more ago. However, they did not matter much because their population density was always low....

Budi Santoso*, Bambang Tjahyono Hariadi, Marlyn Nelce Lekitoo

...the silage material was approximately 3.3 × 106 cfu/ml. The results showed that DM, NDF, ADF, and ADL contents in complete feed silage containing 40% oil palm frond with the addition of cellulase enzyme were descending (P<0.05) than without cellulase. Lactic acid concentrations were greater (P<0.01) in silages with 40% and 50% oil palm frond that were treated with 4 ml/kg and 6 ml/kg cellulase than in silages that did not receive cellulase treatmen...

Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari

...ed using the tracer gas approach. The CO2 monitor was used to measure the levels of CO2 indoors. With SPSS (v.22), statistically significant correlations between open and closed windows of indoor CO2 levels have been found. Every micro environment’s lowest and highest air exchange rate per hour (ACH) was evaluated, and its effects on asthma were noted. Elevated symptoms of asthma have been linked to low ventilation rates. The findings indicated that the ...

Maqsood Anwar, Shah Khalid and Naveed Akhtar1*

...s necessary to take the appropriate chemical, mechanical and biological
measurements for weed control.
...
Muhammad Naeem Korejo1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1 and Niaz
Ahmed Wahocho2
...div>
significant suppression of weeds and increased seed yield as compared to weedy check. The
application of sunflower extract @ 15 L ha-1 in combination with herbicides (atlantis @ 0.1 L
ha-1 + puma super @ 0.156 L ha-1) resulted in minimum weed parameters viz. density (52.0
m-2) and dry weight (99.0 g m-2) and produced maximum mungbean growth and yield traits
particularly seed yield (2404 kg ha-1). Bermu...

Abdul Basit1 and 2Sana Ullah*

...v>
impressive and appreciable. Proper fertilizer at proper time played a vital role in plant
growth and nurseries development. The gardeners and other technical and field staff did not
conduct their jobs to their fullest and their nurseries management was unsatisfactory. It
was concurred that good quality plants production was not achieved and disease
identification was missing due to lack of germ plasm uni...

Sumaira Abdul Raouf1, Nadia Jabeen1* and Sundus Akhtar1

...aacstrum significantly suppress the shoot length (46 cm to 18 cm), shoot fresh biomass (2.6 g to 0.66 g) and shoot dry biomass of V. mungo (1.31 g to 0.33 g). Pseudomonas sp. (PF-097) PGPR incorporation in vivo experiment significantly increased the shoot length (4% to 12%), shoot fresh biomass (18% to 35%), shoot dry biomass of V. mungo (17% to 35%). Physiological activity of Catalase and peroxidase considerably increased in negative treatments amended with o...

Saiful Islam1*, Muhammad Zubair Khan1 and Haroon Khan2

...pping its flow. In this apprehension a research study was conducted to investigate the effects of hydrophytes on canal capacity and at the outlets on the performance of the secondary canal known as Yar Hussain Minor (YHM) of Maira branch canal; part of the upper Swat canal irrigation system in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. Maira branch canal and its secondary canals were designed for crop based irrigation operation (CBIO), which could supply ir...
Naveed Hussain1*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood2, Muhammad Yasin Tipu3, Mamoona Chaudhry4, Hamad Bin Rashid1, Haroon Akbar5 and Abdul Aziz6
...and growth factors with appropriate tissue matrix resulting in osteogenesis, osteoinduction and osteoconduction. Orthobiologics are biological materials used to augment bone and soft tissue cure, with multifactorial effects. In our study, three orthobiologics i.e., Bone Marrow Aspirate (BMA), Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Decellularized Fish Scale (DFS) were used in conjunction to autogenous bone graft. Objective was to transplant as many cells as possible wi...

Mariana Isti Dwiningsih1, I Ketut Suatha2 and I Ketut Puja3*

...amani dog, and one such approach is through artificial insemination (AI). To ensure optimal results in artificial insemination, understanding the factors that influence its success is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different transport times (0 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours) on the motility and viability of chilled semen on Kintamani dogs. The study used a completely randomized design, with four treatments and six replications. In ...

Muazzam Hashmi1, Braima Pascal Komba1, Muhammad Waqas Alam Chattha2*, Almazea Fatima1, Muhammad Farooq Hyder3

...training facilities and appropriate planting materials for florists to produce effectively and efficiently. In addition, infrastructural facilities like good roads leading to the farms and storage facilities are made available to the florists for suitable marketing.

...

Humam T. Hadi1*, Orooba M. S. Ibrahim2 

...encouraging alternative approach for the treatment of psoriasis, which can be further explored in future studies. 

...

Muti Ul Hannan1, Wazir Ahmed1, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2*, Muhammad Baqir Hussain1 and Khuram Mubeen1

...ompared to conventional approach. Compare to farmer practice, foliar K application showed a significant increase in fiber quality parameters such as fiber length, fiber strength, MIC, micronaire and ginning out turn (GOT). Results advocate compost, micronutrients and K essential element of cotton production whenever cotton is under heat stress.

...

Zahid Ali1,2, Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1*, Nazeer Ahmed1,3, Muhammad Shafi1, Faisal Saeed1 and Abdul Majeed1

...tion dynamics and stock appraisal is an important for the sustainable use of fishery resource. During current study the length-weight relationship, growth, mortality, and exploitation rate was estimated from Balochistan, Pakistan. The length frequency data (n=1635) and length-weight relationship (n=603) of fish was collected from three fish landing sites of Balochistan coast during 2022.  The growth, mortality and exploitation of fish was evaluated after ...

Riam Yousfe Muttair 

...e mention in the latest approach to cancer treatment, with checkpoint inhibitors substitute for the keys that open the immune system free against cancer cells. The paper covers the progress made in immunotherapy, highlighting next-stage checkpoint inhibitors as the vaccine which may turn today’s cancer treatment procedures into historical relics. The opening sentences describe historical background and the current going about the way of which immunothera...

Rawa Abdulkareem Abd

...the culture-independent approaches like metagenomics, single-cell genomic, and metatranscriptomics which have changed the way we study microbes that are never before grown and isolated outside. Biogeochemical cycling basing on either nitrogen or carbon are put under attention here so that the effects of novel microbes on carbon fixation, organic matter decomposition, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification and ammonification are expressed. Novel micr...

Baby Nhor K. Ambel1*, Nneka Djen A. Matandog1, Neil Pep Dave N. Sumaya2, Florence Roy P. Salvaña1, Bryan Lloyd P. Bretaña1 and Ma. Teodora N. Cabasan1*

...ed that soil conditions approach stress levels when farms are cultivated under 10-15 years of monoculture. Soil food web analysis revealed disturbances in the soil ecosystem, particularly in banana monocropping farms used for 5-15 years. Continuous monocropping for 5-15 years could disrupt the soil conditions, as evidenced by changes in the nematode community structure. These findings highlight that nematode communities can serve as sensitive indicators of soi...

Mati Ullah1*, Muhammad Rizwan2, Ali Raza3, Xianlin Zhao4, Yanling Sun4, Sarah Gul5, Muhammad Ihtesham Waheed6, Muhammad Nadeem Khan7, Alvina Gul8, Sami Ullah Jan9* and Chao Huang4*

...t-generation sequencing approach. The GC contents of the selected genome were 45.3%. Among the total 2284 genes identified, 970 genes similar in three genomes make the core genome portion. The subsystems, category distribution analysis revealed “carbohydrates” was the largest subsystem, followed by “protein metabolism”. The eggNOG functional analysis revealed that the COGs associated with “Carbohydrate transport and metabolism wer...
Qurat-ul-Ain Ijaz1, Amna Sulaman1, Dost Muhammad Baloch2, Muhammad Shafi2, Faiz Muhammad1* and Shahnaz Rashid1
...ar based identification approach was used to confirm the variety of gastropod species commonly found on the coast during low tide at rocky shores. In the present investigation, nine species of gastropods were identified using the foresaid modern technique such as (Thalessa savignyi, Purpura persica, Turbo sparverius, Lunella coronata, Cellana karachiensis, Nerita albicilla, Nerita tristis, Ischnochiton australis, Astralium tentorriformis). T our knowledge amon...

Shoaib Zawar1, Muhammad Waqas Yonas1,2*, Muhammad Mujahid Akbar1 and Abeer Ahmad1

...n 2021-22). Adapting an appropriate sowing method is crucial to maximize wheat production which has been proved in the augmented furrow method over a broadcast and/or the usual drill sowing methods. The relatively better performance of augmented makes it the preferred choice for enhancing per unit area productivity. Findings of this study can hold a significant implication on curtailing wheat area expansion and ensuring future food security.

...

Anom Yusuf Tri Bambang Susilo1, Muhammad Fathin Hanif1, Bambang Ariyadi2, Ahmad Romadhoni Surya Putra3, Ali Agus1*

...ific publications. This approach includes studying the quantity of publications, identifying the countries with the highest productivity, and defining the main fields of research. Through this analysis, we could gain valuable understanding of the dynamics and limitations in knowledge within the field. In this case, a bibliometric analysis was conducted on the cage-free housing system in laying hens using the database Scopus and the R package Bibliometrix. Base...

Azhar Ali1, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Wu Di3, Huang Chunjie3, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1, Bilal Ahmed1, Farwa Shakeel1, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari1, Windu Negara2, Bambang Waluyo Hadi Eko Prasetiyono1*

Bilal Ahmed1, Asep Setiaji1*, Lisa Praharani4, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari3, Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin4,5,6,7, Windu Negara2, Azhar Ali1, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1, Hamza Zulfiqar1, Alina Munawar8

...h RSM and meta-analysis approaches. The results show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a statistically substantial and moderate effect on milk yield (Hedges’ d = 0.240). Sub-group analyses suggest breed-specific effects, and recommend optimal dosage of 173.1 g for increased milk output in dairy calves. The findings are useful for future research studies and farmers.
 
Keywords | Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Milk yield, Holstein,...

Noorullah Khan1, Shahid Ali1, Azher Zeb2, M. Noman1, M. Imran Kasana1, Rashid Iqbal Khan1*, Saima Mumtaz1, Shumaila Rasheed1, M. Muneer3 and M. Qamar-Uz-Zaman1

...n: justify;">The recent approaches in peach orchard management are focused towards climate resilient varieties having high yield and growth attributes. This scenario demands the evaluation of different scion cultivars for their compatibility and growth behavior. The current research trial was conducted to evaluate ten promising scion cultivars of peach on local root-stock for their growth and development. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete bloc...

Muhammad Usman1, Hussain Abbas1, Riffat Maqsood1, Muhammad Awais Nadeem1, Abdul Hanan Shazal1, Ali Usman1, Amna Hameed2, Haram Shahid3, Zulqarnain Haider3, Muhammad Zain1, Muhammad Suleman1 and Muhammad Wasif Gulzar1*

...hensive One Health (OH) approach to implement interventions at the interface of humans, animals, and the environment is one option to stop such a pandemic. To assess the development of the OH strategy, including the identification of critical OH activities implemented for prevention, response, and control, this systematic literature review recorded the three coronavirus epidemics, namely SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.

...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar*1, Riffat Maqsood1, Hussain Abbas1, Musharraf Manzoor1, Muhammad Suleman1, Hassaan Ahmad Bajwa2, Ali Hamza2, Shaher Yar1, Muhammad Zain1, Abdul Wadood1 and Noman Aslam3

...of pesticides severely suppresses wildlife, birds, and soil organisms. They harm soil microbes including viruses, pollinators, animals, humans, and honeybees. In addition to having an adverse effect on human health, increased pesticide use reduces the population of helpful organisms like honey bees and pollinators. If these living things disappear, there will be a lack of food, the economy will collapse, and the need for food and feed will rise, endangering ou...

Mahfuza Ferdous1, Sabuj Kanti Nath1 and Mustasim Famous2*

...nting new technological approaches, farmers can improve milk quality and gain more profit by minimizing feed costs. 
...

Ihteram Ullah1*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil2, Said Salman1, Nasir Mehmood3, Abdul Majid4, Syed Noor Muhammad Shah5 and Zahoor Ahmed6

...whereas TI emerges as a appropriate criterion for rainfed environments.

...
Shawky M Aboelhadid1*, Abdel-Azeem S Abdel-Baki2, Khaled M Hassan3
Samar M Ibrahium4, Saleh Al-Quraishy5, Ahmed O Hassan6 and Asmaa A Kamel1
...ronment. Following this approach, herein we tried to improve the insecticidal activities of Pelargonium graveolens (G) through using the geranium oil in nano-emulsion (GN) form and in combination with sesame seed oil (SO). Different concentrations ranged from 0.313 to 10% were prepared from GN and the combination of G with S and tested for their larvicidal and pupicidal activities against Musca domestica and Culex pipiens, while their adulticidal activities we...

Fadia W. Al-Azawi1* , Huda M. Hamid2, Husam Jasim Mohammed1 and Jan Muhammad3

... can provide timely and appropriate forecasts for usage in rainfall scenarios. The study aim to prepare maps to predicate rainfall changes in the twenty-two stations over a wide range of Iraq. Rainfall data for 100 years from 1951-2050 were analyzed and annual rainfall amounts predicated to measure the amount of rainfall in the Region of Interest (ROI) in the next years. The data and extraction process runs through various techniques by analyzing data statisti...

Marwa M. El-Deriny1,2*, Rania H. Wahdan1, Marwa S. Fouad3 and Dina S.S. Ibrahim1,2*

...GPR and Trichoderma in suppressing plant parasitic nematodes and improving growth yield, encourages the future researches to highpoint the fungal and bacterial interactions with plants as biological control agents for ecological remediation.

...

Saba Mehnaz1*, Farhan Ahmad Atif2, Rao Zahid Abbas1, Muhammad Kasib Khan1 and Muhammad Saqib3

...pidemiological data and appropriate diagnostic methods, the study was carried out to detect Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata from buffaloes of Sheikhupura, Jhang, and Rawalpindi districts by using duplex PCR. A total of 1,152 blood samples of buffaloes were screened for epidemiological investigations. DNA extracted from blood samples was used for the amplification of the msp1β gene and cytochrome b gene by using single and duplex PCR. The preval...

Shumaila Usman1,2, Irfan Khan2, Kanwal Haneef3 and Asmat Salim2*

...transgene free cellular approach in order to improve the cell-based therapeutics for diabetes. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of 2, 4 - Dinitrophenol (DNP) on the transdifferentiation of NIH3T3 cells into insulin producing β-cells (IPCs). DNP is a lipophilic weak acid that uncouple oxidative phosphorylation by decreasing ATP production. Cells treated with DNP were analyzed for the morphological changes and islet specific markers (MafA, Ngn3,...

Sushan Chowhan1,2*, Md. Moshiur Rahman3, Razia Sultana4,5, Md. Abdur Rouf6, Majharul Islam7 and Sharmin Ara Jannat8

...able land, implementing appropriate climate change strategies, improving fertilizer, water, and pest management, ensuring seed quality, developing a sustainable and dependable supply chain for producers and consumers, and allocating an adequate R and D budget. Finally, to eradicate hunger and malnutrition and ensure sustained food security, it is essential to address problems at the grassroots level, rather than focusing solely on R and D. Emphasizing grassroo...

Endy Triyannanto1, Danung Nur Adli2, Diah Pratiwi3, Lukman Hakim3, Selma Noor Permadi3, Taufik Kurniawan3, Angga Maulana Firmansyah3, Lina Ivanti3, Dinar Suksmayu Saputri3, Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin4, Hari Hariadi5, Tri Ujilestari3, Teguh Wahyono3* 

Masoumeh Hosseynikhah 

...-tolerant cultivar with appropriate foliar application of potassium nitrate (2 mmol/L) and silicon (4 mmol/L) at the wheat booting stage may be a promising approach to obtain it.  

...

Junaid Khan* and Muhammad Sajid

...ectives to optimize the appropriate dose of nitrogen and timing of application for growth and fruit quality of guava crop in winter. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with split plot arrangement and three replications. The experimental results revealed that highest ascorbic acid (207.59 mg 100g-1) was recorded in guava fruit tree treated with nitrogen in September. Trees treated with nitrogen in November produced fruits with maximum fruit firmness (1.90 kg c...

Yibo Yan, Zhaohui Ding, Nanxin Liang, Kai Zhang, Lei Yue, Wengang Li* and Xianyi Song*

...weaned piglets, and the appropriate level of SBP supplementation would be from 1.0% to 2.0%.

...

Desak Nyoman Dewi Indira Laksmi1*, I. Gusti Ngurah Bagus Trilaksana1, I. Wayan Sukernayasa1, Nyoman Oka Widiarta2, I. Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan1, I Made Merdana3

...mal calving interval of approximately one year. Low food intake before and after childbirth will increase the interval from delivery until the next estrus cycle. The mobilization of energy reserves stored in adipose tissue increases when there is a negative energy balance after childbirth. Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that plays a role in conveying metabolic information to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of the ovary. Therefore, this study ai...

Hazrat Younas1,*, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai1, Amjad Ali1 and Rizwan Ahmad2

... a substantial portion, approximately 50%, of tomato production expenses in the study area. To mitigate these costs, the adaptation of mechanized methods and the utilization of small machinery could hold the potential to reduce the production expenses. Furthermore, the application of a Cobb-Douglas production function regression unveiled a significant negative relationship between age and experience with inefficiency, suggesting the importance of both formal a...
Hai Thanh Nguyen1*, Cuong Kien Nguyen2, Duy Ba Ngo2, Anh Thi Ngoc Dang1*
...to take a comprehensive approach to summarizing the impact of dietary supplementation on pork quality. It specifically focuses on the effects of ingredients with high unsaturated fatty acid (UFAs) and natural antioxidants, as well as the various potential factors and mechanisms that influence the meat value change in pork. The fatty acids’ profile, particularly UFAs, is a crucial determinant of meat’s sensory quality. However, they are prone to ins...

Desak Putu Mas Ari Candrawati*, I Gede Mahardika, I Gusti Nyoman Gde Bidura, Ni Wayan Siti

... significant impact on suppressing pathogenic bacteria in broilers intestines. Therefore, the types of prebiotics, probiotics, and their combination, as well as method of administration and concentration were recommended to be explored for further studies.
 
Keywords | Broilers, Cholesterol, Pathogenic, Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotic
...
Saadeya Ali Lefelef Al-Gnami1, Fatima Ibrahim Mohammad2, Huda Jassim Mohammed Al-Helali3
...inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Vitamin C and Nanopiperine are crucial in mitigating the effects of free radicals by acting as antioxidants.The study investigates the positive impacts of piperine nanoparticles and vitamin C on several blood parameters and liver tissue in male rats treated with dexamethasone. The forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into six groups. Nanopiperine (15 mg/Kg.B.W) was given orally to the T1 group. Vitamin C (2...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and 
Amal M. Abd El Raof2
... June 2020 to May 2022. Approximately 185 of 575 cows showed typical LSDV clinical signs that varied from mild to serious. Diseased animals had fever, anorexia, and decrease milk yield, as well as superficial lymph nodes expansion, the sudden appearance of several nodules varying in size from 0.5 to 6 cm in diameter, and numbers according to infection severity. The infected calves displayed serious signs of illness, such as extensive skin lesions and respirato...

Mukondwa Olivia1, Rugare Joyful Tatenda1, Mabasa Stanford1 and Mandumbu Ronald2*

...d for their ability to suppress germination and dry weight of blackjack (Bidens pilosa L.), upright starbur (Acanthospermum hispidium L.) and goose grass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn)] and by the addition of their plant material to soil under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used and the experiment was repeated twice over time. Results showed that there was a significant (P < 0.01) effect of ...

Fasih Ullah Haider1,2, Sardar Alam Cheema1and Muhammad Farooq1,3

...ops to reduce the weed suppression. Cover crops are the plants grown inn field in such a way that these plants give soil cover despite it may be incorporated in field or not and also facilities weed suppression, control soil erosion, improve soil fertility and also manage diseases and pests present in that field. Cover crops normally comprise of legumes and grasses. Cover crops lead to be one of the better options that reduc...

Abdessatar Omezine1

...ture of this weed. The suppression of the later weed is unavoidable for growth of C. annum. Further studies are suggested confirm the present findings.

...

Zahid Fazal1, Jaweria Gul2, Muhammad Subhan, Khan Sher and Qasir Ali

...m yields of these crops appropriate management of the highlighted weeds is recommended.

...

Umm-e-Kulsoom1, Saima Hashim2, Fazli Wahid3, Haseena Gulzar4 and Tamana Bakht5

...f weed seed and potato suppression was dependent on species, part used and concentrations of the donor species. It is concluded that all three species (Juglans sp., Cedrus sp., and Pinus sp.) have allelopathic effect and can suppress the germination of the two major weeds. However, at the same time, the allelopathic potential of these donor species also negatively affect the potato. Therefore selective application of these e...

Rafaqat Hussain Shah1, Mohammad Safdar Baloch1*, Muhammad Zubair2, Khalid Naveed3, Muhammad Amjad Nadim1 and Aminullah Khan4

...f wheat were gradually suppressed as the concentration of extract increased. It was concluded that 40% concentration of leaf aqueous solution was found most effective, which is evident that mesquite must be uprooted prior to the cultivation of any economically important crop.

...

Uzma Zafar1*, Zaima Ali1, Ambreen Tauseef2 and Saba Khaliq3

...Sciences, Lahore. Study approval was granted by institutional Review/Ethical Board. Informed consent was taken from all the participants. The venous blood sample was taken after an overnight fast of 8-10 h. Blood was secured for DNA analysis and biochemical tests. Adiponectin rs266729(-11377 C>G) and rs1501299(+276G>T) genotypes were determined by ARMS PCR. Serum adiponectin levels were measured by ELISA. The current study included 200 metabolic syndrome...
Sohaila Fathi El-Hawary1, Nermeen M.L. Malak2, Reda A. Gomaa3, Hesham Z. Tawfeuk3, Suzan Ismail4, Nady Khairy Elbarbary5*
...nts in food is a common approach to control Vibrio spp. with the primary objective of safe consumer health.
...

Essa D Alhtheal1*, Sufian S Salman2, Salah M AL-Kubaisi3

...he gelation method. The appropriate cross-linking ratio and cross-linking times of 2% (w/v) chitosan CNPS/cyclosporine nanofibers and solution were prepared. It was dissolved in deionized water at a weight ratio of 2G CNPS diluted with 100 ml DW, and mixtures were prepared by stirring at 80 Co for three and adding five drops of acetic acid. The physical properties and chemical composition were characterized using FE-SEM. Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles w...

Al-Sadik Y. Saleem1, Mohamed Y.I. Youssef1, Fayza A. Ahmed1*, Shereen El. Abdel-Hamid1, Enas N. Said1, 2, Heba S.A. Gharib1, Asmaa I. Abdelaty1 

Ahmed J. Jaafer1*, Alaa K. Jassim1, Nidhal A. Hashim2 

...an obese group. Ethical approval was taken from all research participants, 5 ml was withdrawn from all participants and placed in a gel tube and left at room temperature for 15 minutes until coagulation, after which it was separated using Centrifuge for 15 minutes, and the serum was stored at a temperature of -20 Celsius until use. Fasting glucose levels were measured using a spectrophotometer, and HBA1c and insulin levels were measured using Cobas e411. Lipid...

Raad M. Sayed-Lafi*

... we used a bibliometric approach to evaluate the body of literature that has been published in the field of grass carp study over the last ten years (2013–2023). Based on articles retrieved from Scopus, the analysis was carried out; a total of 1751 research publications were examined. The bibliometric analysis’s findings showed that China led the world in both total research output and the contributions of its researchers. The same is true for educ...

Israa M. Essa*, Ghazi Y. Azzal, Alaa Tariq Abdulwahid

...period of study, and disapproving of some owners to examine their slaughtered animals. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the suitable parasite control measures (e.g. controlling the snails, judicious annual using of flukecide, frequent examination of fecal samples of field animals, and destroying of infected livers) and evaluation the local epidemiology of fasciolosis. Also, wider surveys including different areas and animals with using the advanced diagno...

Roy Sukbir Singh1, Jekson Martiar Siahaan2,3*, Endy Juli Anto4, Syafruddin Ilyas5, Putri Eyanoer6, Hendrika Andriani7,8

...h in-silico and in-vivo approaches to explore these effects. The in-silico analysis involved molecular docking simulations to evaluate the interactions of Aloe vera compounds with inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and COX-2. Furthermore, this study also employed a laboratory design with a post-test randomized controlled group. The study included 30 male white rats divided into six groups. Prior to the study, the rats were induced with a high-fat diet ...

Ririn Siti Rahmatillah1*, Diky Ramdani1, Iman Hernaman2, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Yulianri Rizki Yanza2

...ticles, and the OpenMEE approach was used to calculate effect sizes (Hedges’ g) across various output parameters. The results shows that tea leaf product supplementations had mostly no influence on the average weight gain in mass (AWG, Kg/head/day), body condition scores (BCS), DMI (g/day), dry matter digestibility (DMD, %), crude protein digestibility (CPD, %), acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD, %), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, %)...
Alaa H. Sadoon1, Zainab Abdulimam Majeed2, Majdy Faisal Majeed1*
...lp them in choosing the appropriate fixatives for particular uses. This study aimed to assess the influences of five common fixatives, which include 10% NBF, Bouin’s, Carnoy’s, Zenker’s, and Clarke’s fixatives, on liver tissue at five distinct fixation durations, inclusive of 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Routine histological preparations included H and E stains to evaluate the quality and structure of the tissues. Competitive results ex...

Wazir Ahmed1*, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2, Muhammad Waseem Akhtar3, Muhammad Nauman Hanif1, Aiman Salah ud Din4 and Ahmad Mahmood1

...te-1 proved lethal and suppressed the germination or growth of the seedlings. Compared to control treatment, improvements in seed sermination and growth variables, i.e., 8 to 37% in seed germination, 5 to 22% in seedling biomass, 5 to 46% in shoot length, and 3 to 37% in root length, suggest that calcium carbide, easily available on the market, can be used for seed dormancy breakage and better crop stand.

...

Auras Muhi Taha*, Ibrahim Ahmed Ibrahim, Hassanein Abduladeem, Mohammed Qais Yassen, Omaima Khalid Ahmed and Tabark Najim Abdul-Allah

... variety, as it reached approximately 53.46% of the area of the study area in the last decade, while the good-density and very good varieties were identified in agricultural areas where agricultural activity continues. However, it did not increase. Their percentages ranged between 12.15% and 11.34% over the past decade, and we believe that drought has a clear impact on this deterioration due to decreased rainfall and the use of poor-quality water for irrigatio...

Sumaya Loay Mohamed Shams Al-Dean1*, Sura Shakir Hammoud2, Mohammedali J. Ghafil3

... there aren’t any appreciable variations in normal acrosome % between the treatment and control groups. This study concludes that the quality of ram semen improves on treating with ascorbic acid and tocopherol in egg-yolk citrate extender. The addition of vitamin C and Vitamin E to the sample improves the motility, viability, and membrane integrity of poor semen quality.
 
Keywords | Vitamin C, E, Semen, Ram, Cryopreservation...

Saitul Fakhri1*, Heni Suryani2, Teja Kaswari1, Munawwaroh Pane1, Neneng Hariyati1, Dodi Rolis Limbong1, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Daniel Komwihangilo4

...oniated steamed OPF was approximately 3.2 - 3.6%.
 
Keywords | Oil palm fronds, Physicochemical, Rumen, Degradation, Microbial biomass
...

Mohamed Ahmed Abaza1, Amany O. Selim2, Mona Abdallah3, Shimaa A.E. Atwa4, Hala El Daous5, Mona Abd-Allah Abd-Elrehim6, Mohamed M.S. Gaballa7, Reda R. Fathy1*

...tional antibiotic-based approach to prevent and control bacterial infections. Therefore, the main goal of current investigation was to control the drug-resistant E. coli O6 infection using nano-production of zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) in both in vitro and vivo studies. ZnO-NPs was applied in one day old specific pathogen free chicks to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of 50mg/kg ration dosage compared with colistin as commercial antibiotic at 5 days old. E. ...

Nasr Tarq Mohammed 

... in cell death rates of approximately 83%, 78%, 54%, and 27% at 400, 300, 200, and 100 µL, respectively. For the AMN3 cell line, the destruction rate was 93% at 500 µL, and 90%, 79%, 65%, and 36% at 400, 300, 200, and 100 µL, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the significant, dose-dependent anticancer effects of aqueous garlic extract on breast cancer cell lines, highlighting its potential as a promising and accessible ther...

Kouakou Yadom Yao François-Regis*, Kra Kouamé Daniel and Atta Diallo Hortense

...ing gall development by approximately 50%. Immature castor leaf extracts have high nematicidal activity. Farmers could prefer immature leaves in order to develop nematicides for okra root-knot nematode management.

...

Yingying Wang1, Sufen Zhao2* and Qunxiu Liu3*

...nes (H9 subtype) can be appropriately extended to reduce the stress reaction caused by capture and vaccination and reduce the economic cost of disease prevention and control. In regard to the ND vaccine, different immunization programs should be formulated for different bird species; immunization procedures can be optimized, and the antibody level of wading birds should be monitored after vaccination.

...

Zulfiqar Ali1, Asad Ullah2*, Shumaila Gul3, Maryam Begum4, Raheela Taj5, Tahira Tayyeb1, Maiz ur Rahman1, Muhammad Owais Khan1, Rafiq Ullah1, Imad Khan2, Ali Gohar2, Shakirullah Khan6, Khudija Ghani7 and Muneeb Islam8

...amental and widely used approach for tick taxonomy. This research work provides a comprehensive overview of the morphological characteristics used in the identification of ticks, focusing on the main genera and species of medical and veterinary significance. The purpose of the current study was to determine the prevalence of tick infestation, epidemiological characteristics, associated risk factors, and investigation of a variety of hard tick infestation in sm...

Mustofa Hilmi1,4, Zuprizal2, Nanung Danar Dono2, Bambang Ariyadi3*

...ical density at 600 was approximately 0.09.
 
Keywords | Antibacterial, Antibiotic, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Nanotechnology, Optical density, Silver nanoparticles
...

Md. Gausur Rahman1*, S.M. Harun-Ur-Rashid1, Md. Golam Azam1, Md. Ahsan Habib2, Golapi Rani Devsharma1 

...parasites and deworming approahes are suggested for profitable Sonali poultry farming

...

Yawar Abbas1, Muhammad Sajid2*, Musharraf Hussain3, Shahida Batool1, Saeed Ur Rehman1 and Jamil Ahmad1

Wen Xiong1, Zhimin Jin1, Zinuo Yuan1, Qin Liu2* and Peter A. Bowler3

...d areas, improvement in approaches to sustainable fishery management, much better control of non-native species, and an improvement in and the expansion of fish life-history research. Our study contributes recommendations for the better protection of freshwater fish biodiversity and the development of sustainable fisheries in the Yujiang River.

...

Basirat Opemipo Amoo-Adeboye1*, Kazeem Olanrewaju Amoo2, Saheed Adeyinka Odediji3, James Akinwunmi Ogunniran1, Adenike Titilayo Olayinka1 and Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye1

...an important first line approach. Hence, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Rubella IgG and IgM and associated likely factors influencing susceptibility levels among pregnant women accessing antenatal care at the hospital. A cross-sectional study was carried out at the State Specialist Hospital, Osogbo. Structured questionnaires were administered to one hundred and seventy-one (171) pregnant women to obtain their socio‑demographic informatio...

Iram Alam Sthanadar1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Sami Siraj2 and Omar Malik2

...er the world, affecting approximately 417 million adults which is expected to reach to 592 million by the year 2035 globally. Metformin, sulfonylureas (SFUs) are widely used oral anti-diabetic drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 belonging to family 2 subfamily C member 9 (CYP2C9). CYP2C9 has shown better glycemic control and reduced the treatment failure rates compared to metformin and its combination therapy. To study the association of CY2PC9 gene variant r...

Abid Jan* and Asad Ullah

...trol food wastage using appropriate communication channels, training and facilitation of families in planning meals, optimal food storage, regular kitchen inventory, and checking and creative cooking practices involving leftovers were some of the study recommendations.

...

Elkhan Rajaf Allahverdiyev1*, Azer Agazade Khalilov2, Araz Mustafa Gasimov2, Zahid Gurban Khalilov2, Parvana Bahlul Bayramova2, Kamala Fatiaga Abilova2 and Sait Engindeniz3

...orner crops, it is more appropriate to apply N90P120K120 kg of mineral fertilizers per hectare, and manure of 10 t/ha + N40P95K60 of organic and mineral fertilizers.

...

Manel Ben Larbi1*, Ameni Askri1, Mariem Saidani1, Naceur M’Hamdi2, Ibrahim El Akram Znaïdi3, Nadia Ben Braiek4 and Hajer M’Hamdi5

...h problems to adopt the appropriate farming practices for excellent welfare and a better expression of production performance.

...

Efi Rokana1*, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,2, Khoirul Wafa1, Kalvin Putra Wahyudatama1, Ferdian Ginanjar1, Rini Mastuti3, Amiril Mukmin1, Miarsono Sigit4 

...thin-tailed sheep, each approximately 7 months old. They were divided into four groups: a control group and three groups that received beer waste at 5%, 10%, and 15% of their ration. Feed consumption was measured by calculating the difference between the amount of feed given and the remaining feed. Initial body weight measurements were taken weekly before morning feeding. Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein and analyzed for hematology and serum chem...
Hajjar Hartini Wan Jusoh1,2, Hafizan Juahir1,2*, Azimah Ismail1, Nurfarahana Mohd Nasir3,5, Setyo Budi Kurniawan1,4 and Ahmad Jusoh5
 
 
...1) was lowered to approximately 1.14 and 1.5 µg L-1 for CBAC and 2.87 µg L-1 for PBAC at respective diameters of 0.063 and 1.0 mm, the best circumstances for the highest removal efficiency of 90 % were observed. The features of adsorption behavior were described using the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms models. The Freundlich and Langmuir models, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 248.1 mg g-1,...
MohamadRahijan AbdulWahab*andAhmadAimanSalahudin
 
...alof160individualsfromanappropriatesamplewithintheSerembanareatookpartinthesurvey.Therespondentswerebetween the ages of 13 and 65, and they must have previously tasted stingless bee honey.A questionnaire containing four sections: section A for sociodemographic information,section B for satisfaction evaluations, section C for attitude evaluations, and section D forevaluationsofpurchaseintentions,wasused.The data were examined using SPSS. Quantitative data are u...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and Amal M. Abd El-Raof2
...ability to perform DIVA approach when use MEVAC LSD vaccine. In contrast it’s not capable to do the same on Al-Abbasya LSDV vaccine due to unlikely presence of 27 nucleotides that specific for field strain in this type of vaccine.

...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and Amal M. Abd El-Raof2
...ability to perform DIVA approach when use MEVAC LSD vaccine. In contrast it’s not capable to do the same on Al-Abbasya LSDV vaccine due to unlikely presence of 27 nucleotides that specific for field strain in this type of vaccine.

...

Danyal Khan1, Abdur Rahman1, Muhammad Shuaib2,3*, Sohaib Ul Hassan4, Abubakar Sufyan5, Wajid Ullah1, Seema Jani1, Obaid Ullah6 and Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui7

...igh mortality. Thus, an appropriate milk replacer will meet the needs of a newborn calf and help it thrive without culling.
...

King Hei Ip

...function, immunological approaches, physiological adaptations, protein kinase R adaptation, and lineage-specific immune responses in bats. However, the incomplete genetic annotation of all the bat species, a lack of understanding of bat-virus interactions and viral co-infection, and biases in bat-virus relationship studies hinders the understanding towards bat antiviral innate immunity. By completing the genetic annotation of bats, developing wild-like environ...
Ahmad Ibrahim Jalali1, Mudssar Ali1*, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad2,4 and Fawad Zafar Ahmad Khan1,3
...naged using biorational approaches. Among biorational options, the yield of sand and mango wood ash mix showed a higher yield. The current evidence is useful for integrating biorational options into fall armyworm management, especially for smallholders.

...
Aamir Khan Awan1, Nighat Sultana1*, Rahmat Ali Khan2, Rifhat Sultana3
Umm-e-Kalsoom1, Fayaz Ahmed Sahibzada4, Rifat Ullah Khan5, Naimat Ullah Khan6, Nazir Ahmad Khan7, Syed Haider Zaman8, Mir Sadiq Shah9 and Assar Ali Shah10*
...d of Punica granatum is approximately 60% of the total fruit weight which is generally wasted every year, although, it is known to have a variety of medicinal benefits. The present study was conducted to find the antioxidant activity and antidiabetic potentials of P. granatum peels extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. The diabetes was induced in albino rats using alloxan at the concentration of 150 mg kg-1 body weight. After 15 days, the treated g...

Awang Hazmi Awang-Junaidi1, Yeoh Boon Nie2, Siew Te Wong2, Nur Nabila Sarkawi3, Wafeq Mu’izzadin Khairul Anuar1, Siti Mariam Zainal Ariffin1* 

...practices and providing appropriate environmental enrichment. 

...

Aimen Raza1, Muhammad Muzamil Ijaz1,2*, Adnan Younis1, Nasir Ahmad Khan3, Ahsan Akram1, M. Abdul Salam khan2 and M. Nadeem4

...rowing substrates is an appropriate method of environmental management and provides nutrients to the plants. The goal of this study was to use plant-based substrates as growing mediums for ponytail palm production. The research was conducted at Lalazar Nursery, Gardening Wing Estate Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. There were eight treatments and each treatment was replicated three times, with three plants each. Different plant-based material...

Farida Bibi2, Zahin Anjum1*, Imran Khan3, Shaista Ali1 and Rabia Chishti1

...rd recipe. Following an approximation method recommended in literature Exchange lists were developed. Data on the nutritional composition of commonly consumed breakfast in Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa can be used by health care workers, nutritionists and dietitians to calculate energy and nutrient intakes. It will help addressing the major nutritional disorders that are related with the diet of community. The research study was a challenging one as it was an ex...

Nahed Yehia1*, Rania I. Mohamed2

...necrosis causing immunosuppression. Regular virus monitoring and study of the pathogenicity is necessary for better control of virus infection.
 
Keywords: H9N2, Genetic evolution, Pathogenicity, Histopathology, Avian influenza
...

Adel Sobhy1, Ahmed El-khamary1, Ahmed M. Rashwan2,3, Ashraf Shamaa4, Mostafa Kassem5, Mohamed M. A. Abumandour6*, Ahmed El-Mansi7, 8 and Ahmed G. Nomir2

... ultrasound (US)-guided approach to brachial plexus block since it allows for a better understanding of the surface anatomy and relationships, as well as injury and consequences. This study used three methodologies of approach (anatomical, cadaveric, and live experimental tests) to describe the brachial plexus topography in the donkey, evaluate the US color doppler brachial plexus blockage, and test the analgesic efficacy. W...
Anum Razzaq*, Tariq Mahmood, Ammara Saman, Ammara Baig, Nadeem Munawar and Muhammad Farooq
...and grains as the crops approached maturity, wild flora (viz: herbs, grasses, seeds and tubers) invariably amongst crop stages and seasons. During spring season, wheat was the most frequently consumed cereal. But during winter, as groundnut crop approached towards maturity/harvested, gerbils consumed mainly nuts and grains, while in autumn and summer (non-crop periods), the rat species switched its diet to wild flora, and co...

Bushra Sial1, Arif Muhammad Khan1, Mohsan Raza1,6*, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Sayyad Ali Raza Bukhari1, Muhammad Kashif Hanif3, Sher Khan Panhwar4, Muhammad Ashfaq5

...tify;">Recent molecular approaches have revolutionized the world of species classification and identification. In this study, we delved into the fascinating domain of DNA barcoding precisely for rare marine species and delineated species population genetic variability, genetic differences, and phylogenetic relationships between families/genera. 542 COI sequences from experimental species and an online database were considered for phylogenetic and Fst analysis....

Md Kamrul Hasan1,2, Hong-Seok Mun1,3, Keiven Mark Bigtasin Ampode1,4, Eddiemar Baguio Lagua1,5, Hae-Rang Park1,5, Young-Hwa Kim6, Md Sharifuzzaman1,7, Chul-Ju Yang1,5*

...udy aims to discern and appraise the most recent advancements by assessing scientific and technological progressions. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review of the literature to determine the status of DT application in livestock farm management with its benefits, challenges, and prospects. Scientific databases, PRISMA guidelines, and systematic bibliometric methodologies were used for searching and sorting the most fit articles. This...

Muhammad Yusuf1*, Abdul Latief Toleng1, Hasrin Hasrin2, Abdullah Baharun3, Athhar Manabi Diansyah1,4, Santoso Santoso4, Rahmat Rahmat1

...l on Bali heifers. This approach will optimize breeding strategies and enhance productivity and sustainability of Bali heifer populations.
 
Keywords | Bali cattle, Heifers, Reproductive tract score, Cervical mucus, Fertility, Reproductive
...

Mohamed A. Omar, Fardos A.M. Hassan, Sara E. Shahin, Marwa El-Shahat*

...8 to 2020 using the DEA approach (output-oriented model) based on panel data collected from Central Agency for public mobilization and statistics. The results showed that the mean technical efficiency score estimated under CRS and VRS assumptions was 0.756 and 0.859, respectively. Implying that according to CRS assumption, production could be rise by 24.4% with already existing resources without need to increase the amount of inputs and according to VRS assump...

Yasser Asaad Hameed Al-Shareef, Firas Hussain Kadim Abawi*

...med and mean death time approach was applied to determine the pathotype of isolates (velogenic). Next, we assessed the most important determinant of ND virus pathogenicity by the analysis of the fusion protein cleavage sites, phylogenetic analysis sand compared genomics of NDV isolates to publish sequences. Isolates characterized here showed 90.37% sequence similarity to the Iranian isolate Asil/IR/AAA158/2019 (MN370894.1) within velogenic clusters. Taken toge...

Walid Elmonir1*, Ahmed Abdel-Fattah Tayel2, Suzan Abdelbaky Kotb1 and Wael Fawzy El-Tras2

...fective decontamination approaches. A total of 200 agricultural produce samples (50 per each of carrots, radishes, lettuces, and strawberries) and 315 fish samples (200 Mullet and 115 Tilapia) were collected. The T. gondii were identified in these samples by microscopy and molecular analysis. In total, 9% (18/200) of agricultural produce samples had Toxoplasma oocysts. T. gondii was detected in 14% of carrots, 12% of radishes, 4% of lettuces, and 6% of strawbe...

Ray Adil Quddus1, Nisar Ahmad1*, Jalees Ahmad Bhatti1, Anjum Khaleeq2 and Asfand Yar Khan3

...ction in lying time was approximately 5.0 h which shows that buffaloes were restless. The standing bouts and time were at the highest level (26.10±1.2 bouts/day, P<0.01 and 11.1±0.7 h/d, P<0.001) at day 0 (estrus onset), which indicated that due to restlessness, buffaloes walking activity increased at estrus. There was a negative correlation between lying and standing variables on the day of estrus, therefore the longest-standing episode wa...
Chang Guoliang1,2*, Pan Zhengjun1,2, Zhu Chuankun1,2, Zhao Haitao1,2
Yan Zhang3, Summaya Rajput4 and Laghari M. Younis4*
...lecithin, replacing the appropriate amount of SO, can improved growth performance and immunity of M. nipponense. Therefore, lysolecithin has a good application potential to replace a certain amount of SO in the diet of M. nipponense.

...

Zuhaib Nishtar1, Wang Fangzong1,  Nan Yang1 and Jamil Afzal2*

... explores the potential approaches, regulations, and technological advancements that can facilitate the successful integration of renewable energy and wildlife conservation. It is possible for Pakistan to begin on a greener future with sustainable economic growth and the protection of its irreplaceable natural heritage if it coordinates its conservation efforts with the development of renewable energy sources. Wildlife conservation and renewable energy go hand...
Rukayat Omolara Folarin1,2, Nurhadirah Hairil1, Nurafiqah Anis Ismail1, Putri Athirah Zamrifana1, Lina Nadhirah Abdullah1, Muhammad Afiq Zabhin1, Ariff Imran Alkaf1, Farrah Izzuanie Zainudin1, Hanisah Basir1, Asmad Kari1, Enike Dwi Kusumawati3, I Wayan Karyasa4 and Connie Fay Komilus1*
...eatgrass, including the appropriate day of harvesting. This study used a complete randomised design (CRD) with four treatments in triplicates. Four treatment levels were control (C) without goat manurer; Treatment 1 (T1): 100 gof goat manure per 1 litre of water; Treatment 2 (T2): 200 g of goat manure per 1 litre of water; and Treatment 3 (T3): 300 g of goat manure per 1 litre of water. Fodder plants were planted under a 12-hours photoperiod at room temperatur...

Khalid Nabieh1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Ahmed Ali1, Ali Zanaty3, Magdy F. Elkady1

... responsible for immunosuppression and high mortality in young chicks. In Egypt, the prevalence of IBDV is complicated as multiple strains co-circulating, including classical, variant, and very virulent (vvIBDV). This study aims to investigate the genetic variability and reassortment interactions between co-circulating IBDV strains in Egyptian field, with a particular focus on the VP1(segment B) and VP2 (Segment A) gene sequences. Samples of bursal tissue were...

Muhammad Usman Saleem*, Tahir Hussain Awan, Bilal Atta, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir and Muhammad Ijaz

...g the essential role of appropriate fertilizer combinations in enhancing the growth and yield of Basmati 515 under DSR cultivation. Results suggested that NP + CAN fertilizer combination is the best option in DSR cultivation which promoted agronomic traits and hence the yield.

...

Anisa Aprilia*, Syafrial, Djoko Koestiono, Fitria Dina Riana and Silvana Maulidah 

...tion in order to devise approaches that can effectively address the challenges inherent in the agro-food industry. This review also provides a concise overview of intervention strategies to address disruptions in sustainable agro-food supply chains. These strategies include enhancing natural farming techniques, optimizing fertilizer management, improving food waste management among consumers, and implementing more efficient management practices for clean water...

Humaira1, Afsana Huseynova Anvar2, Shaukat Ali3, Marcelo Franco4, Muhammad Irfan1*

...e challenges, cell-free approaches developed as promising platform to proceed towards sustainable bio-manufacturing through the development of self-sustaining, constantly operating systems employing renewable biomass to yield higher concentrations and productivity of extended-range of products. To-date established cell-free systems including extract-based and purified enzyme-based cell-free technologies have been widely exploited for producing commercially val...

Jaafar Haider Abd Alrudah1, Nada Fadhil Abbas2*, Farah Ali Hadi1, Haider Tuma Kaab3 

...ce. We aim to apply the approach for the first time on a group of Pigeons to stimulate an immune response represented by the levels of antibodies in the pigeons’ serum. Candida albicans was isolated from birds infected with Candidiasis using CHROMagar Candida and diagnosed microscopically to detect the presence of pseudohyphae and true hyphae. Many microscopic examinations, such as germ tube tests, were performed to accurately diagnose the species o...

Mohsin Raza1, Zeshan Hussain2, Fazil Abbas2, Muhammad Atiq Ashraf3, Hadj Henni Imene4 and Talha Riaz5

...ues provide a promising approach to producing virus-free seed potatoes. Implementing robust viral detection strategies will significantly contribute to sustainable agriculture, improve potato health monitoring, and equip researchers with vital tools to combat viral infections. This knowledge is critical for facilitating the safe transfer of potato germplasm globally, in response to increasing concerns from national quarantine agencies.

...
Khalid Abdullah1, Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid2*, Muhammad Safdar Baloch3, Iqtidar Hussain3, Zuhair Hasnain4 and Muhammad Naeem2
...practices (conventional approach) where 7 and 10.5% infestation of fruit flies was recorded in dropped and harvested fruits. In conclusion, the IPM protocol comprising of the combination of bait application, MAT, orchard sanitation and the cover spray of plant derivatives was most effective in reducing fruit flies in mango orchards.

...

Ma Huadan1,2,3, Sher Zaman Safi3*, Huang Junjie4*, Wei Hua5, Guo Xingrong6 and Ikram Shah Bin Ismail3

...nd targeted therapeutic approach for vascular-related diseases.

...

Elena Balarezo*, Jose Luis Flores and Miguel Angel Toro-Jarrin

...ed. This increase means approximately $17,000 more annually for community producers. These results show that training on hygienic milk production is an effective intervention for improving the bacteriological quality of milk.

...
Arbab Waseem Abbas1*, Waseem Ullah Khan1, Huda Nauman1, Khalid Saeed2 and Syed Mujtaba Abbas Zaidi3
... paper presents a novel approach to segmenting typed Pashto text images into individual characters, addressing a critical challenge in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for this language. Pashto, a right-to-left, highly cursive language similar to Arabic and Urdu, poses unique segmentation difficulties due to the variable shapes and forms of its characters depending on their position in a word. The segmentation of Pashto characters remains an underdeveloped ...

Hakeem Jawad Kadhim1, Abbas Kamil Shlaga1*, Safaa Hussein Ali2 

...s well as the molecular approach should always be considered in endemic regions.  

...

Roheela Yasmeen1*, Sadia Amjad1 and Naseem Zahra2

...squo;s population, with approximately 500 million tons of milled rice produced globally each year. Significant food wastage occurs due to poor storage conditions, with an estimated economic loss of US$1.6 million in the rice industry attributed to aflatoxins (AFs), which also pose serious health risks. Various research efforts are underway to improve storage methods and reduce AF contamination. In this study, white and brown rice samples were analyzed for afla...

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