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Tom Gilson & Carson Weitnauer (eds), True Reason: Confronting the Irrationality of the New Atheism (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 2013), 315pp, US$17.99 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-8254-4338-1

Reviewed by Gregory W. Dawes, Associate Professor of Philosophy

Science, Religion and Culture
... is simply to offer some general reflections on the strategies employed.

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David N. Livingstone, Dealing with Darwin. Place, Politics, and Rhetoric in Religious Engagements with Evolution, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014, 265 pp., ISBN 13: 978-1-4214-1326-6

Reviewed by Francisco J. Ayala, University Professor & Donald Bren Professor of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, email: fjayala@uci.edu

Science, Religion and Culture
...natural selection became generally accepted by biologists and other scientists. How was Darwin’s On the Origin of Species received by his contemporary scholars, particularly by theologians and religious authors? That is the subject of the thoroughly researched and elegantly written book by David N. Livingstone, Dealing with Darwin. Place, Politics, and Rhetoric in Religious Engagements with Evolution.

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Aradhana Chopra1, Ravi Shukla2 and Tarun Kumar Sharma2,3*

... of antibodies. They are generated through an in vitro evolution process called SELEX. These single stranded nucleic acid aptamers can acquire various secondary and tertiary structures to bind their cognate targets with high affinity and specificity. The ease in synthesis and modification makes them an attractive candidate for a variety of applications. Since the last decade, aptamers have been regarded as an emerging player in biology. They have found applica...

Maureen McKeague1, Maria C. DeRosa2*

...ecognition elements, are generated through an in vitro evolution process called SELEX. The selection of aptamers with optimal specificity and high affinity remains a challenge, leading to the recent emergence of elegant new approaches and tools for SELEX. In this commentary, we discuss recent advancements in the selection of aptamers.

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Kathryne E. Taylor1 and Karen L. Mossman1,2*

...cytoplasm that have been generally disregarded, due to the fact that many frequently used experimental manipulations restrict this protein to the nucleus. This commentary discusses the significance of these findings to the ICP0 field.

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John Teehan

...e nature of religion, in general, with some, predictably, placing the blame for such hate-filled acts squarely on religion.

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Nisar Ahmad1*, Inayatullah Jan2, Saif Ullah1 and Sidra Pervez1

 

...ution to GDP, employment generation, and export earnings in the economy of Pakistan. Due to modernization in agriculture sector over the last few decades, credit needs of the farmers have increased rapidly. Credit is considered an important factor for raising the productivity and income of the farmers. The current study attempts to analyse the impact of credit on wheat productivity in district Jhang. Furthermore, study explores the purpose of farmers for acqui...

Dallin D. Oaks

 

...f the Tower of Babel has generally not been taken seriously by scholars in historical linguistics, but what are regarded by some as problematic aspects of the account may actually relate to claims that have been incorrectly attributed to the account. In fact, the account may not be reporting a sudden and immediate confusion of languages, or even a sequence in which a confusion of languages led to a scattering of the people. Indeed, a close examination of the a...

Thomas J. Coleman III1*, Ralph W. Hood Jr.1 and John R. Shook2

...larship on secularity in general, and atheism in particular, has increased significantly. Moreover, these phenomena have been researched, studied and documented by multiple disciplines ranging from cognitive science to religious studies, and from anthropology to sociology. The study of atheism and secularity is of high interest to not only scholars, but also the public in general. In this special issue of Science, Religion &...

Ethan G. Quillen

... attempt at theorizing a general interpretation. This is evinced not just by the way the term has been contrarily defined, but by a number of novel approaches, such as the creation and use of umbrella terms such as ‘non-religion,’ or the precarious notion of a division between ‘positive’ and/or ‘negative ‘Atheism. This article will attempt to assuage this issue by mapping out the discursive shifts presented within the disc...

Joseph Langston1*, Joseph Hammer2, Ryan T. Cragun3

... the atheist movement in general by dividing nonbelievers (N=1,939) into four groups based on degree of formal affiliation and assessing attitudes, perceptions, and preferences in three areas. First, we examined the preferences of nonbelieving group members (“secular affiliates”), former members, and nonbelieving non-members (“secular nonaffiliates”) on nonbeliever group goals, functions, and activities. Second, we examined the percep...

Rabbi Paul Shrell-Fox

... in religious beliefs in general, and belief in God in particular. Approximately 25 rabbis voluntarily submitted vignettes concerning their shifts in religious belief. These vignettes were solicited via rabbinic list-serves. Those rabbis who denied a belief in a supernatural being were interviewed to explore the evolution of their religious faith and its impact on their religious practice and behavior. In as much as Judaism places a great emphasis on communal ...

Reviewed by Dr William Patterson

...en on that subject for a general audience and deservedly spent time on the bestsellers list. In his second book, Faith vs. Fact: Why Science and Religion are Incompatible, Coyne does less well. His aim is to demonstrate that the contrasting mindsets underlying science (with its emphasis on rationality, evidence, experimentation, and observation) and religion (with its emphasis on faith) are intrinsically opposed and that all attempts to reconcile them must res...

Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas Faleye1, Johnson Adekunle Adeniji1, 2 *

...PV and NPEV-C members to generate recombinant VDPVs in the region exist.

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Claudia Kohl*, Andreas Nitsche, Andreas Kurth

Email: kohlc@rki.de

...xt-align: justify;">Next generation sequencing (NGS) opened up a plethora of new research possibilities in biology and medicine. Metagenomics is one of these emerging NGS applications and offers the opportunity to study i.e. whole ecosystems. Basically, the metagenomics approach is similar to well-known shotgun-sequencing, though on a much bigger scale. For instance, the metagenome of a lake would include all the fish, ducks, plants, fungi, bacteria and everyt...

Ummara Waheed Khan, Raza Ahmed, Irum Shahzadi and Mohmmad Maroof Shah

Email | mmshah@ciit.net.pk

...formation and in vitro regeneration offered new dimensions of research to improve important crop species including wheat. The tissue culture by itself has increased the crop improvement potential to develop new cultivars with desirable traits through somaclonal and gametoclonal selection. While successful tissue culture is critical for genetic transformation, it has been facing greater impediments in wheat and related crop species. Its succ...

Tauseef Taj Kiani1*, Mozammil Hussain1 and Hidayat ur Rahman2

 

...re used to develop three generations F2, BC1 and BC2. Heterosis (in F1) and inbreeding depres- sion (in F2, BC1 and BC2) were quanti ed for traits including shelling percentage, kernels per row, kernel rows per ear, and 100-grain weight and grain yield. Non-additive gene action was evident for shelling percentage, kernels per row and 100-grain weight and grain yield for which both het...

Rongfei Lu1, 2, Zhiyang Liu1, Peng Fang1, Guangyi Chen1, Feng Sun1, Yongjian Fan1, Yijun Zhou1, Tong Zhou1*

...y and the reliability of generated data can be enhanced significantly appropriate measures. As a standard for the relative expression of target genes, the selection of reference genes is crucial. This review describes the history of the RT-qPCR technology, emphasizes the importance of reference genes and enumerates several algorithms to screen reference genes to normalize the RT-qPCR data. Additionally, several possible improvements in the selection of referen...

Maurice A. Finocchiaro

...riginal controversy, but generated a new one that continues today, for example, about whether the condemnation proves the incompatibility between science and religion. Recently the Galileo affair has been studied by several scholars whom I label “Berkeley para-clericals,” chiefly philosopher Paul Feyerabend and historian John Heilbron. Their approach is distinctive: it views controversial topics involving the relationship between science and religi...

Yongfeng Li, Mo Zhou, Xiao Wang, Libao Xie, Hua-Ji Qiu*

...ne fever virus (CSFV) is generally a noncytopathogenic virus in cell cultures. The development of reporter CSFV has provided an excellent option to directly detect viral replication without the use of secondary labeling. This mini-review discusses the applications of reporter CSFV in the study of CSFV biology, including efficiently screening the antivirals against CSFV and viral receptors, conveniently tracking the viral proteins in live cells as well as impro...

Moustafa Kardjadj

...summarizes the knowledge generated in epidemiology, diagnosis and surveillance of the disease in the Maghreb countries.

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Tahir Khan, Raziuddin, Fakharuddin* and Muazam Jamal Razi

...ss of selection in early generations for the improvement of these traits.  

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Qaizar Ahmed1, Fida Mohammad2, Hidayat-ur-Rahman2, Sheraz Ahmed2* and Fakharuddin2

...possible combinations to generate 7 x 7 diallel crosses. In 2008 and 2009, all F1 hybrids along with their parent cultivars were planted in randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replicates at Tobacco Research Station Mardan (plain) and Tobacco Research Substation Mansehra (hilly). Data for all traits were analysed in pooled analysis and individual environments. Heterosis over better parent was determined for all traits across environments...

 Muhammad Ishaq and Raziuddin

 
... highly significant GCA (general combining ability), SCA (specific combining ability) and RCA (reciprocal combining ability) effects for the studied traits. Based on GCA, best general combiners were AUP-7 for earlier flowering and maturity, AUP-2 for plant height, AUP-14 for primary branches plant-1 and AUP-9 for main raceme length. Based on SCA effects, best F1 hybrids were AUP-7 × AUP-14 (days to flowering), AUP-8 &t...

 Aqila Shaheen

...l series. All soils were generally deficient in nutrients as NO3-N was deficient in 97% surface soils (2.77-5.23 mg kg-1) and 100% sub soils (1.03-4.14 mg kg-1), P was deficient in 95% surface soils (0.76- 1.67 mg kg-1) and 100% sub soils (0.22- 1.22 mg kg-1), Zn was deficient in 100% both surface and subsoils and B was deficient in 85% surface soils and 90% subsoils. These results suggested that fertility status of these soils with respect to NO3-N, P, Zn and...

Christopher U Orji1*, Ignatius O Onyeocha2, Steven S Shaida3, Peter M Dede4, Bitrus Yakubu5, Elijah E Ella6 and Pam D Luka5

..., twelve haplotypes were generated for G. p. palpalis and five for G. m. submorsitans. Similarly, for the combined loci, haplotype diversity (Hd) was higher for G. p. palpalis (0.90) than G. m. submorsitans (0.68). Nucleotide diversity was homogenous for G. m. submorsitans (0.24859) than G. p. palpalis (0.24093). A higher genetic diversity suggests a higher evolutionary rate. Haplotype diversity and Nucleotide diversit...

 Mukhtiar Ahmed, Jana Pickova, Taufiq Ahmad, Muhammad Liaquat, Abid Farid, Muhammad Jahangir

...cular mechanisms such as generation of reactive oxygen precursors and free radicals. Oxidation affects many interactions among food constituents, leading to both desirable and undesirable products. Food lipids are the foods components that are most susceptible to oxidation, therefore oxidation reactions are one of the major sources of deterioration that occurs during manufacturing, storage, distribution and final preparation of foods. Lipid oxidation products ...

Neha Singh and Anjana Pandey

...s, so the aptamers being generated could bind target molecules on live cells in their native conformation and it is possible to know the molecular profile of the cellular surface. Whole CELL SELEX is very useful in the field of diagnostics and targeted therapy and the aptamers generated can be utilized to differentiate cancerous cells from normal cells or even different types of cancerous cells, detect live pathogenic organi...

 John G. Bruno and Jeffery C. Sivils

... against the surfaces of general nonpathogenic Escherichia coli (ATCC No. 8739) as well as alpha and gamma intimins and Shiga-like toxin 2 (SLT-2) B subunit verified that the aptamers bound proteins of the correct molecular weights for intact outer membrane proteins (OMPs), intimins and SLT-2. Some bands on the aptamer Western blots were shared between the “Big 6” non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), E. coli O157 and related Gram negative...

 Ian von Hegner

... concept of democracy is generalized to be universally applicable, then the concept of hypothetical gods’ right to rule results in dictatorship. Whereas the concepts of dictator and tyrant originally had a more positive meaning, those meanings have changed. However, the concept of the gods in the philosophical debate has avoided a similar redefinition in light of democracy, despite the fact, that it involves the same negation of modern fundamental rights...

Haidar Ali, Malik Muhammad Shafi and Himayatullah Khan

...ems to potential area to generate employment opportunities. Simultaneously there is need for initiating skill development programs.

...

Haji Muhammad, Zafar Iqbal* and Saira Saleemi

... species belonging to 43 genera and 17 families were recorded from the study area of Indus River. Thirty two species were commercially important. Alpha Diversity Indices study showed that fish diversity of the River was quite rich (species richness, 70) and diverse, (Shannon’s index=3.66), (Simpson-D=0.96), Evenness was also high (Evenness (H/S) =0.55) and Chao-1 (70.75). The Quadrate diversity Indices were applied to the data and Bootstrap replicates me...

Atul Sharma, Aruna Chandra Singh, Gautam Bacher, Sunil Bhand

...n electrochemical signal generation. Aptamers possesses the strong potential as receptors for the development of biosensors for antibiotics detection; therefore, a specially designed aptamer specific to an antibiotic may be suitable for this purpose. In this review, the importance of detection of antibiotic residue contamination, reported analytical methods, advancement in biosensing platform especially regarding electrochemical transduction are discussed in d...

Ambreena Hafiz1, Tanzeela Riaz2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*

.... The toxicological data generated from deltamethrin-resistant populations was compared with deltamethrin-susceptible population that has not been exposed to any insecticide since thirteen years. From analysis of metabolic profile, it was found that soluble proteins, glucose contents and free amino acids increased, whereas glycogen and lipid contents were reduced in all deltamethrin-resistant populations as compared to deltamethrin-susceptible population. Solu...

Syeda Farzana Bibi*, Lal Badshah and Siraj-ud-Din

...cies ,which belong to 29 genera and 16 families, were recorded from the area.Poaceae was the most dominating family including 7 genera. Ecological characteristics like life form spectra indicated that Therophytes (53.33%) were the most dominating life form. Leaf size spectra showed that the most abundant leaf size was Microphyll (50%). This study not only gives information about the flora of motorway but can provide a baseli...

Siyu Yang1, Fukuan Du2 and Pao Xu1,2*

...ide is identical to that generated by the SS1 gene in other vertebrates. Tissue distribution of C. nasus SS1 mRNA was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which demonstrated high expression level in the brain. During embryogenesis, SS1 mRNA was detected during early-stage embryonic development, decreased during subsequent developmental stages then increased gradually from the stage of midgastrula onward. This study provides some basic evidenc...

Ecevit Eyduran1, Daniel Zaborski2*, Abdul Waheed3, Senol Celik4, Koksal Karadas5 and Wilhelm Grzesiak2

...e (4.49 kg) for MLP1. In general, the applied algorithms quite accurately predicted BW of Beetal goats, which may be helpful in making decisions upon standards, favourable drug doses and required feed amount for animals. The ascertainment of the body measurements associated with BW using data mining algorithms can be considered as an indirect selection criterion for future goat breeding studies. 

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Tayiba Latif Gulraiz1, Arshad Javid1*, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Muhammad Shahbaz3, Irfan3 and Sharoon Daud4

...gal and twelve bacterial genera were isolated. Four fungal (Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium and Saccharomyces) and two bacterial genera (Klebsiella and Nocardia) were isolated from bolus only, three fungal (Cryptococcus, Histoplasma and Trichophoton) and six bacterial (Acaligenes, Azotobacter, Bartonella, Nitrsomonas, Pseudomonas and Salmonella) genera were isolated from guano while five fu...

Abdullah Mart1* and Orhan Erman2

...bspecies belonging to 10 genera of water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) collected from Bingöl province between May 2003-October 2004 have been described.

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Faiqah Ramzan*1 and Muhammad Haris Ramzan2

...ns. As, dose dependent degeneration of prostate gland has been described following intraperitoneal kisspeptin treatment. However, effects of kisspeptin administration on the levels of prostatic citric acid remain elusive till date. The present study, therefore, addresses the effects of 12 day administration of kisspeptin on prostatic citric acid levels in male mice. Kisspeptin-10 was administered intraperitoneally in different dosage concentrations (1μg, 1 ...

Xiangxing Zhu1, Junyu Nie1, Shouneng Quan1,2, Huiyan Xu1, Xiaogan Yang1, Yangqing Lu1, Kehuan Lu1 and Shengsheng Lu1*

...chnique, we successfully generated transgenic Guangxi Bama mini-pigs carrying a fluorescent protein (DsRed) reporter gene regulated by the 2.2-kb human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (hGFAP-DsRed). This study characterized transgene expression in such transgenic Guangxi Bama mini-pigs and their offspring. Our findings indicate that the hGFAP promoter contains matching regulatory elements for directing specific expression in porcine astrocytes. Howeve...

Muhammad Saeed* and Iftikhar Hussain Khalil

...d testers ZM04 were good general combiners for most of traits under consideration, while F1 hybrids B4N11 × PS08, B4N11 × JZ, BRF1 × ZM04, BRF1 × KT10 were best specific combiners observed for several important traits including grain yield plant-1 which can be subsequently utilized in future wheat breeding to develop high yielding new wheat cultivars from transgressive segregants recovered in latter genera

Hina Fatima, Lal Almas and Bushra Yasmin

...d pesticides reflect the general performance of the inputs in terms of their degree of changes in cotton-melon output to change inputs reflected by the allocative efficiency analysis. It is indispensable that policies aimed at adapting innovative farming techniques must be implemented in an efficient manner. Effectively implementation of agricultural schemes, formal education and in-formal education should be realized. During and after conducting the agricultu...
Eman Mahmoud El-Diasty1,Madeha Abd El-Halim Ibrahimand Ghada Kamal El Khalafawy2,*
...with enzyme MspI and the generated bans corresponded to the predicted size.
...
Serkan Sayiner1* and Hilal Karagul2
...ma vitamin E levels were generally found within adequate ranges in all regions for both seasons. We suggest that feed supplements containing selenium should be added for the Iskele region during the winter months. For the Morphou region we advise that feed supplements should be added during summer due to low levels of selenium found in roughages.
...

 Ali Zurwan1,*, Muhammad Moaeen-ud-Din2, Ghulam Bilal2, Zia-ur-Rehman1,2 and Muhammad Sajjad Khan1

...ded pedigree for several generations however, this is really useful firsthand information.
...
Rashid Mahmood1,*, Waqar Ahmad1, Muhamamd Khalid Rafique1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Anjum Shahzad2
... Farmers in Pakistan are generally not aware of pollination needs of apple. Results depicted a high population decline of Syrphids and Non-Apis bees. Syrphids were recorded as 12.65 to 13.85 per 250 flowers in 2013 but decreased in year 2014 by 7.82 to 7.88 per 250 flowers and Non-Apis bees was recorded as 6.15 to 7.59 per 250 flowers in 2013 which also decreased and recorded as 5.35 to 5.70 per 250 flowers in year 2014. The results showed the trends of increa...
Fermín Lopez-Uriostegui1, Jesús T. Ponce-Palafox2,*, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso1, María del Refugio Castañeda-Chavez1, Virgilio Eugenio Arenas-Fuentes3 and Fernando Vega-Villasante4
...ly over a 24 h cycle. In general it was found that stomach repletion index showed both species feed 24 h, but forage activity differs in intensity in the two species. In M. tenellum repletion index was greatest during the day and M. americanum in the night.
...
Waqar Islam*1, 2, Madiha Zaynab3, Muhammad Qasim2 and Zujian Wu1,2
...of durable resistance to generate virus resistant cultivars for economically important crops through molecular breeding techniques via utilizing advanced molecular markers involving cis and trans genetics. The review adhere recent research findings regarding disease resistance against viral diseases and concludes via shedding light upon the future prospects in this exciting field of research.
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Zafar Iqbal1* and Muhammad Khurshid2 
... by using specific and degenerate primers. ToLCNDV is geographically wide spread Begomovirus (Family Geminiviridae), considered as a close relative of TYLCV, and cause severe losses for many economical important crops in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This is the first report of the use of heterologous polyclonal antibodies (PAbs), raised against a geographically distinct begomovirus, ToLCNDV. The described results have shown to exhibit a many ...

 Sheraz Ahmed and Fida Mohammad

...ility in broad sense was generally low for all traits except nicotine and reducing sugar. Days to flowering was the most environment responsive trait and its heritability fluctuated between 0.22 and 0.91. Plant height was significantly associated with yield at phenotypic level only. Yield exhibited significantly negative phenotypic correlation with days to flowering. Similarly, yield was positively correlated with leaves per plant, green leaves weight per plot...

Idowu Fagbamila1*, Adaobi Okeke2, Micheal Dashen2, Patricia Lar2, Sati Ngulukun1, Benshak Audu1, David Ehizibolo1, Paul Ankeli1, Pam Luka1, Maryam Muhammad1

...eat hygiene. Waste water generated during these activities typically has high presence of organic material such as blood, fat, flesh and excreta. In developing countries like Nigeria where access to portable water is lacking, it is not uncommon to “reuse” rinse water for processing several batches of poultry carcass.Several samples were collected from three poultry slaughterhouses within Jos metropolis at intervals for a period of 6 months to check...
Cansu Akbulut1,*, Tuğba Kotil2, Burcu Öztürk1 and Nazan Deniz Yön1
...n microscopy. Numerous degenerated follicles with cytoplasmic vacuolization, mitotic catastrophe in mitochondria , chromatin condensation, mitochondrial vesiculation and dispersion at ooplasm were observed. In mitochondria, mitotic catastrophe , vesiculation, swelling and loss of organization of cristae were detected.Here we showed that TiO2 exposure trigger paraptotic type cell death in zebrafish ovary.
...

Riffat Sultana*, Waheed Ali Panhwar and Muhammad Saeed Wagan

... to the 20 tribes and 22 genera of Tettigonioidea is provided, with figures, from Pakistan.
...

John G. Bruno

...y study was conducted to generate anti-idiotypic aptamers against Fab fragments of these antibodies and to determine if the aptamers were capable of emulating rickettsial antigens to enable sensitive detection of rickettsia exposure in humans who have seroconverted. Such anti-idiotypic aptamer antigens might also serve as rickettsial vaccines, if fully developed. The top five highest affinity R. rickettsii and top five R. typhi anti-Fab aptamers as assessed by...

Muhammad Noor, Hidayat ur Rahman and Muhammad Iqbal

...ross-III. The mean of F1 generations was low in almost all crosses from their parents for flowering and plant characters. It is concluded that in all crosses broad and narrow sense heritability estimates were of moderate to high range, indicating that the total variability was mostly of genetic nature and hence, could be effectively utilized in maize breeding programs for developing popcorn varieties having early maturity and accompanied with other desirable a...
Mustafa Cengiz1*, Jama Hussein Ali2, H. Mehtap Kutlu2, Djanan Vejselova2 and Adnan Ayhanci3
...ic results were found: degenerative changes in the liver tissue, significant decreased in the number of activated Bcl-2, while increased in the number of Bax and caspase-3-positive hepatocytes, a significantly increase in levels of the activities of biochemistry markers (serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)). In contrast, in the groups given D-GaIN and EA, a decrease in the damage of the liver tissue, a ...

Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty

Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...es are divided into four genera:Mastrevirus, Curtovirus, Topocuvirus and Begomovirus. Begomoviruses are transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) and usually possess a bipartite genome of twoDNAcomponents approximately 2.7 kb in size, designated as DNA-A and DNA-B. Monopartite begomoviruses are also known to occur. Recently, a novel class of molecule, known as satellite DNA-? of ~1.35 kb size are also found to occur in India. Whitefly transmitted ge...

Honnur Basha, Vinaya Hemannavar, B.Ramanujam, R. Rangeshwaran and S.Sriram 

Screening of chilli microflora and other biocontrol agents for their antagonistic effects on Colletotrichum spp. infecting chillies
...nged to plant pathogenic genera like,Alternaria, Cercospora, Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Glomerella, Mycosphaerella, Phoma and Stemphylium and the other 24 isolates of fungi belonged to Aspergillus, Acremonium, Chaetomella,Cunninghamella, Geotrichum, Gliocladium, Monodictys, Mucor, Myrothecium, Penicillium, Periconia and Pithomyces. One-hundred and thirteen isolates of chilli microflora and 49 isolates of Trichoderma, 19 isolates of Bacillus sp., 34 isolates o...

S. K. Dutta, S. Roy Chowdhuri, D. Pandit and A. K. Bajpai

Rot diseases of muga host, Som (Persea bombycina) in Assam, India
...e pollarded plants) were generally infected with rot disease when it grows older. Phellinus contigus (under Polyporaceae), a white rot fungus, causes heart rot disease and Biscogniauxia mediterranea (= Hypoxylon mediterranea) (under Xylariaceae) causes canker rot disease of Som plant. A survey was conducted to study the infection of rotting pathogens on Som plants at Regional Muga Research Station (RMRS), Boko, Assam, India with during 2004-06. The disease inc...

Sitansu Pan and Someshwar Bhagat

Biological control of plant diseases
...s belonging to bacterial genera such as Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces and Bacillus, and fungal genera such as Gliocladium, Trichoderma, Ampelomyces, Candida and Coniothyrium. Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens are the most important and widely used bioconrol agents being used across the world for the management of several plant diseases. Some bacterial biocontrol agents can inhibit both bacterial and fungal p...

K.N. Ahmed , M.A. Al-Helal, N-E-P. Khanom, S. Bulbul

Control strategies of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink infesting vegetable crops in Bangladesh

Nilesh Suresh Gole and Bijan Kumar Das

Biology of Dichromia sagitta (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), a serious pest of Indian ipecac, Tylophora indica
...were several overlapping generations in a year. Descriptions of different life stages have been made. Adaptive behaviour of D. sagitta and its interaction with toxic host plant have been discussed critically.


...

M. A. Al-Helal, K. N. Ahmed, N-E-P. Khanom, and S. Bulbul 

Observations on papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) damag-ing some crops in Bangladesh

Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta

Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
...ble to Indian farmers in general. Due to Precision Farming (PF), production increased by 40 to 60 percent farmers’ margins of the produce and reduction of the commission charged by the middlemen to 7-10 percent. Further, bargaining power, capacity building, optimal crop protection and produce quality were improved and the cost of cultivation has reduced at Agaram Village, Dharamapuri, Tamil Nadu of Adhiyaman Precision Farmers Association (Ramasamy 2007)....

T. P. Ghosh, D. Mandal, S. Laha and M. K. Dasgupta 

Dynamics and severity model in managing fungal diseases
... to pre-rainy) months. A generalized 0-9 point scale was prepared and used to determine severity (= Percent Disease Index, PDI). Strongly predictive equations for severity in terms of intensity in all cases but one viz. Alternaria leaf spot of Dracaena deremensis in terms of occurrence were developed. Such relationships helped prior assessment of severity before the disease reaches the predicted level. Thus, although crop losses were neither determined nor sou...
Zhensheng Liu1,2, Hui Gao1,2, Jiapeng Dong1, Mingming Zhang3 and Liwei Teng1,2,*
...y dimorphic ungulate. In general, males are larger than females and the two sexes live in separate groups outside the breeding season. We studied the seasonal activity of blue sheep from May 2010 through August 2012 to test the activity budget hypothesis, which predicts that females spend more time on feeding and that the activity synchronization of same-sex groups is higher than for mixed-sex groups. Our results support the hypothesis. Both males and females ...
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Maryam Soyuf Jahromi2
...d total wet weights were generally less than 10 g and 80 g, respectively. The females were heavier than the males (~1.77x). The heavier females had more gonads (direct relation, r=0.45) while the lighter males had more gonads (inverse relation, r=-0.52). The males’ total dry weights were < 20 g and > 40 g but females’ were between 10 to 40 g. The total wet weight was > ~2x (females) and > ~7x (males) the total dry weight. The wet gonad ...
1Sitesh Chatterjee, 1Chirasree Gangopadhyay and 2Santosh Kumar Roy
...ield bio-efficacy of new generation molecules against rice insect-pests. Control of pests in seedbed is relatively less expensive than transplanted main-field because of smaller area of nursery that can be managed better way as compared to transplanted field. In the present study, chlorantraniliprole granule was applied both in seedbed and transplanted field along with spraying of some new generation insecticides like indoxa...

Mahmoud Said1*, Abd El Satar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2* and Hussein A. Hussein2

Azhar Abbas Khan1,*, Arif Muhammad Khan2 and Muhammad Afzal3
...ptempunctata L. is a generalist predator and prefer soft bodied insects. Semiochemicals released by the plants in response to herbivorous attack influences third trophic level and natural enemies use these substances to locate their prey. Twelve-arm olfactory apparatus was used to evaluate the response of C. septempunctata toward aphids and different host plants of aphids. Different horticultural plants and field crops were used singly or in combina...
Muhammad Mansoor1, Amanullah1, Zafar Islam2*,Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Umair4, Mehmood Ayaz5, Asghar Ali Khan6, Muhammad Asif2 and Ya Sakina3
...;Inqalab Mung” for general cultivation in KPK. Inqalab Mung has 28-36% high grain yield potential compared to the standard variety Niab Mung-98 and parent Niab Mung-92 along with resistance to charcoal rot, cercospora leaf spot and Yellow mosaic virus.
...
Hazrat Ali1,*, Wajid Ali1, Karim Ullah1, Fazle Akbar1, Sher Ahrar1, Irfan Ullah1, Irum Ahmad1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Ikram Ilahi2 and Muhammad Anwar Sajad3 
...uscles of the study fish generally showed no significant differences among different sites on the rivers. However, in some cases, metal concentrations showed significant increase down the stream. Similarly, a comparison of metal concentrations in muscles of the two species generally did not show significant differences between the two species. Zn concentrations in fish muscles were higher than Cu concentrations in all cases....
Mazher Abbas1, Irfan Mahmood1*, Arshed Bashir1, Tahir Mehmood2, Khalid Mahmood1 and Zubair Ikram1
...ded citrus practices was generally good. The results of the logit model for adoption of recommended irrigation practices however postulate positive and significant impact of citrus producing experience and family income on adoption of recommended number of irrigation and hoeing practices whereas age has significant negative impact on the adoption of hoeing practice and fertilizer applications. Positive and significant impact of family income is influencing the...
Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,*, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Fatima Sellami3 and Muhammad Afzal1
...dentified belonging to 9 genera and 4 subfamilies occurring along with 10 trophic associations. Five species viz; Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus 1758), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze 1777), Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius 1781), Micraspis allardi (Mulsant 1853) and Propylea dissecta (Mulsant 1850) belonged to tribe Coccinellini (Latreille 1807) of subfamily Coccinellinae (Latreille 1807). Two species belonged to tribe Ch...

Wali Khan1, Naushad Khan2 and Shaista Naz2*

...only served as an income generating activity but also an employment generating activity in present and in future. The major constraints in beekeeping were the expensive inputs, pest attack, lack of modern production and rearing techniques, and trainings which can be overcome by a comprehensive program focusing on the provision of low cost inputs, pesticides/insecticides, modern techniques and trainings, and value chain marke...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*, Shah Saud Ahmad and Asif Nawaz 

... were invited by FSC for general body meeting whereas only 26% participated in the process of election. Maximum respondents were provided farm machinery by FSC i.e. cultivator (51%), rotavator (56%), mold bold plough (56%), disk plough (48%), single furrow (47%), drill (61%) and ridge maker (53%). Market was the source of seed for majority of the respondents regarding cauliflower (43%), bitter gourd (32%), bottle gourd (13%), potato (34%) and squash (29%). Sim...

Qudsia Khalid, Safdar Hussain Shah*, Faiza Zaeem and Saad Hussain Shah 

...netin (0.25 mg/l). For regeneration MS medium with 1.0mg/l NAA and BAP + 30g/l D-Sorbitol was used. LiCl adapted line showed significantly higher indices of tolerance than unadapted line at 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM NaCl stress. Adaptation resulted in enhanced accumulation of saturated fatty acids (myristic and stearic acids), while unsaturated fatty acids exhibited variable profiles with enhanced oleic acid and significantly reduced linoleic acid. The re
Shahid Hussain Farooqi1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Oneeb2, Amjad Khan3, Amjad Islam Aqib1 and Shakeel Mahmood4
... among the Ixodid genera whereas presumed risk factors were strongly associated with tick infestation and tick burden.
...

Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali

...ich whole plant can be regenerated. The results indicated that optimal embryo physiological age is 15 and 18 days after pollination and transient transformation efficiency decreased at 22 days after pollination. Enhanced transient beta glucuronidase (GUS) expression with average frequency of 40.56% was noticed with three days of co-cultivation period while two days of co-cultivation period resulted 24.07% transient GUS expression. Addition of 100 mgL-1 L-cyste...

Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali* 

...cient and reproducible regeneration system from coleoptilar node of elite maize inbred line was developed. Regeneration from coleoptilar node circumvented tedious procedures of raising the immature embryos as a starting material for genetic transformation. Unlike immature embryos, the development of coleoptilar node is seasonal free and green house independent which would accelerate the work relevant to genetic transformatio...

Attaullah Ansari* and Nasreen Memon 

...elonging to 8 species, 6 genera of two subfamilies were collected, among which Episurphusbaltatus, De Geer, Eritalinus aeneus, Scopoli, and Ischiodon scutellaris, Fabricius were found to be most prevalent whereas; Eristalis arbustorum was found least in number during study period. The abundance of hoverflies fauna varied seasonally, the highest abundance was recorded in spring while lowest in autumn. Pearson’s correlation coefficient results reveale...

Shahab e Saqib1*, Himayatullah Khan2, Sanaullah Panezai3, Ubaid Ali4 and Mazhar Ali5 

...vities by all farmers in general and small farmers in particular. The findings of the study suggest that a strong monitoring of farmers is needed in the study area. In addition, farmers may be supplied in-kind agricultural credit to control credit fungibility. 

...
Liana Mihaela Fericean1* and Mihaela Corneanu2
...henogenetically to three generations of fundatrigenous. In July, the winged form migrated to the secondary host, where successive generations have been born through parthenogenetic reproduction. Gynopara in October return to the primary host and give birth to wingless oviparae that mate with males and lay winter eggs. The biometrical measurements of Aphis nasturtii help to complete knowledge on external morphology of ...

Haidar Ali* and Malik Muhammad Shafi 

...the size of holdings. To generate off-farm employment opportunities agro based industries seems to potential area. Simultaneously there is need for initiating skill development programs. 

...
Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Yue-Hui Ma2, Ming-Xing Chu2, Jia-Hua Zhang1, Zhong-Quan Zhao1, Hui-Jiang Gao2, Huai-Zhi Jiang3, Di Liu4, Li Liu5, Yan-Bin Zhu6, Wang-Dui Basang6, Luo-Bu Danjiu7, Tian-Wu An8, Xiao-Lin Luo8, Shi-Cheng He7 and Yong-Fu Huang1,*
...t follicles of goat were generated through Illumina paired-end sequencing, and their mapping rate was 84.99% and 84.47%, respectively. A total of 12577 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 6009 upregulated and 6568 downregulated genes in dominant follicles compared with nondominant follicles of goat. Of the 1026 significantly differentially expressed, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) found, 419 were upregulated and 607 were downregulat...
Medeni Aykut
... total, 40 species in 17 genera of family Dytiscidae were recorded, of which 37 were new to the study area. Eretes sticticus (Linnaeus, 1767) is the second record for Turkish fauna. Furthermore, Hydroporus inscitus Sharp, 1882 is new record for the Turkish fauna.
...
Shumaila Ashfaq1, Liaqat Ali2*, Muhammad Ashraf Zia2, Rizwan Ahmad Khan2 and Mehtash Butt3
...n due to its safety than general anaesthesia. Post dural puncture headache (PDPH) is commonly occurring problem associated with spinal anaesthesia and causes a considerable morbidity. PDPH depends on several factor and various methods have been used to reduce and treat the pain of PDPH. We evaluated effects of hydrocortisone on the treatment of PDPH in obstetrical patient.To compare mean decrease in Visual Analogue Scalepain score in patients who developed PDP...
Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1,2, Danling Tang1,*, Ye Hai Jun1, Morozov Evgeny1, Sufen Wang1 and Muhammad Aslam Buzdar
...istani waters for future generation.
...
Hayat Badshah1, Farman Ullah1, Paul-André Calatayud2, Hidayat Ullah3 and Bashir Ahmad1
...reover, the % parasitism generally decreased drastically when the time of exposure on mealybug hosts increased. In addition, the host plants species influenced significantly the female fitness of the parasitoid expressed in term of hind tibia length and body weight. The female parasitoids coming from mealybugs fed on hibiscus exhibited a significantly longer tibia and body weight than the parasitoids coming from the mealybugs reared on the other plants. The ho...

SHARIF UDDIN, MD. HASIBUL HASAN, MOHAMMED MAHBUB IQBAL, MOHAMMAD AMZAD HOSSAIN

... reddish pelvis fins but generally smaller, narrower. The surfaces of male’s pectoral were little rough during the breeding season. The Gonado-somatic index (GSI) value of female Anabus testudineus was ranged from 12.71±0.73 (July) to 1.13±0.10 (October) while hepato-somatic index (HSI) value of female was ranged from 4.37±0.64 (January) to 1.58±0.19 (July). The GSI and HSI were inversely related with each other. The fecundity...

Safdar Ali1*, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Shahid Mehmood2, Asim Gulzar3 , Ijaz Ahmad4 and Bashir Ahmad Khan5 

...e and tillage systems in general did not affect soil moisture content (P > 0.05). However, soil moisture content was 9% higher in NT + GH as compared to check (1 MBP + 8 CS; P ≤ 0.05). Soil moisture content was significantly higher at 30-45 cm soil depth as compared to top soil (0-30 cm; P ≤ 0.05). Besides, higher soil moisture content was measured at wheat developmental stage relative to other stages (P ≤ 0.05). Soil porosity was significantly hig...
Faiza Ambreen*1 and Muhammad Javed2
...age of damaged cells. In general, a dose dependent response was observed in fish erythrocytes with induction of maximum DNA damage at highest concentration (1/3rd of LC50) of pesticide mixture. Statistically significant effects for both concentrations and time of exposure in terms of DNA damage were observed in treated fish as compared to control group. The results supported the use of Comet assay for evaluating the toxicity of pollutants...
Ghazala Saeed1, Rabia Wajid1* and Ayesha Yousaf Dar2
...v>...

Warda Fatima1 , Shahida Hasnain1 , Saqib Mahmood2

 

...n urgent need to educate general population about the consequences of disorder so that people take it cautiously and it may treated early and its bad consequences be reduced.
...

Manzoor Hussaina,b

...omal STR system fails to generate the DNA profile the semen donor in the post-coital vaginal swabs. Sixty two post coital vaginal swabs (x3) were collected from six volunteers at different TSI (time since intercourse). Out of these, 42 post coital vaginal swabs (up to TSI 5 days) were used to generate the autosomal DNA profile of the semen donor and twenty of the post coital vaginal swabs obtained at the TSI of 6, 7, 8, 9 an...
Telat Yanik1,* and Irfan Aslan2
...sity. Based upon current general consensus among researchers, a global legislation and action-plan is required. Additionally, regulatory authorities from both developed and underdeveloped countries should enforce the implementation of these legislations. Such initiatives are fundamental in conservation of aquaculture, sustainability of increasing food security and to maintain the ecosystem of the planet.
...
Zahid Farooq1, Sufi Muhammad Akram2, Muhammad Saleem Khan3,* and Muhammad Wajid4
...longed to 5 families, 16 genera and 25 species. Indian cobra (Naja naja)(8.83%; N = 46), Glossy-bellied racer(Coluber ventromaculatus)(7.87%; N = 41) and Common krait (Bungarus caeruleus)(7.49%; N = 39) were higher in prevalence. Northern wolf snake (Lycodon striatus striatus), Sind long-nose sand snake (Lytorhynchus paradoxus)and Afghan awl-head snake(L. ridgewayi)(0.38%; N = 2) were the least abundant. Snakes ...

Soraya Khosravian Dehordi*, Abdolnaser Mohebbi and Kahin Shahanipour

...mful health effects. The generation of oxidative stress creates by the common mechanism their carcinogenicity and toxicity. The present study was planned to determine whether an oral administration of nano-selenium (nano-Se) influencing on biomarkers of oxidative status in the rats spleen exposed to the cadmium (Cd) metal. For this purpose, thirty male rats equally divided into six groups, group I received nano-Se (0.1mg/kg) alone as dose, group II selenite od...

 Mohammed Mahbub Iqbal*, Mehedi Hasan Kanon, Mohammad Amzad Hossain, Abul Hossain, Shamima Nasren, Md. Jahidul Islam, Md. Arifur Rahman

...ep for the use of future generation.

...
Yakut Gevrekçi* and Çiğdem Takma
... mining approaches which generate model asses the response variable based on the predictor variables. The present study deals with evaluating relationship between egg production (EP) and some related traits by decision tree analysis with Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) algorithms. A total of 1912 EP records of layers which hatched at four different periods were collected from a commercial flock ...
Nancy R. Howell
...ill show that Peters has generated a fruitful method for and approach to Cosmic History.
...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
...her use of penicillin in general ailments had positive association with MDR prevalence. The study concluded higher prevalence of MDR S. aureus in camel milk with significant association of assumed risk factors and some of antibiotics presented higher scope of treatment.
...

Zahid Akram, Saif Ullah Ajmal, Ghulam Shabbir, Muhammad Munir and Nasir Mahmood Cheema

INHERITANCE MECHANISM OF SOME YIELD COMPONENTS IN BREAD WHEAT
...or these traits in early generation may not be useful and it has to be delayed till segregating generations.
...

 Z. A. Soomro, M.B. Kumbhar, A.S. Larik*, M. Imran** and S.A. Brohi***

...y heritable in F2 and F3 generations except sympodia/plant, indicating quantitative pattern of inheritance, offering better chances of selection for these traits in F2 and F3 generations. The traits namely plant height, bolls/plant and seed cotton yield/plant displayed high heritability (72.97 - 75.55%) with remarkable genetic advance (112.46 - 357.01%) indicating that these traits were predominantly governed by additive gen...

Haq Nawaz Malik*, Iffat Ara**, Muhammad Naeem, Mozammil Hussain, M. Hanif Munawwar and M. Yousaf

 R. Hussain* and A. N. Naqvi**

 Aly Khan* and S. Shahid Shaukat**

...chistan Province. Twelve genera were recorded from the rhizosphere of pomegranate. The most dominant species was Meloidogyne incognita. Species diversity (H’) was highest in Wadh while lowest in Ali Dasht. Equitability (J’) component of diversity was highest in Kork and lowest in Ali Dasht, while species richness (d’) component was highest in Alat. The soils associated with Pomegranate orchards were coarse-structured, alkaline with low maximu...

 Abid Hussain*, Imdad Hussain Mirza and Muhammad Azeem Khan**

...and thrive for countless generations. Proper feeding and management is of fundamental importance to the success of any goats’ enterprise. In Pothowar region of Punjab, household and sedentary system of goat production is practiced. The availability of feed varies according to the season. Goats in the region are under nourished and producing less than potential. This study was conducted to find out the feed supplementation practices of goats in the Pothow...

 Ghulam Shabbir*, Muhammad Aftab, Abid Mahmood** Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah* and Nasir Mahmood Cheema***

...Seed Council in 2002 for general cultivation in the Punjab barani tract.

...

 Sarfraz Ahmad, Shaista Koukab, Nayyar Razzaq, Muhammad Islam, Aneel Rose*, and Muhammad Aslam**

...ecutita has also shown regeneration potential on marginal lands. Commercial scale production of M. recutita is possible in highlands of Balochistan. However, further studies are required to evaluate different genotypes/varieties, essential oil contents at various growth stages, oil extraction techniques, mechanized flower picking, drying/storage techniques and cultivation practices in the existing cropping patterns.

...

 Muhammad Azeem Khan*, Abid Hussain, Irfan Mehmood and Sonila Hassan **

...vironmental harshness in general and law of inheritance in particular. Due to increase in mean annual temperatures and irregular rain patterns, area under major crops at Kohat and productivity of major crop at Attock decreased. Bivariate correlations between mean seasonal rainfall, area and production of major crops were moderately positive and statistically significant (except for wheat crop at Attock). This means that an increase in rainfall contribute posit...

Muhammad Athar Khan1, Muhammad Zahid Latif2*, Syed Amir Gilani3 and Ifrah Bukhari4 

Naveed Akhtar,1,* Riaz Muhammad2, Kausar Saeed2, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Muzaffar Shah3, Jehan Zeb2, Shahid Ahmad2, Azam Jan Afridi4 and  Aftab Hussain5
...amilies, 5 orders and 10 genera of mammalswere identified. The reported species are Naemorhedus goral, Panthera pardus, Sus scrofa, Lepus nigricollis, Macaca mulatta, Canis aureus, Vulpes vulpes, Myotis myotis, Herpestes edwardsii and Hystrix indica. During the research jackals and fox species were dominant in the area. It is concluded from this study that threats like deforestation, habitat destruction, illegal and over hunting, urbanizat...
Qin Liu1,2, Feiwei Liu1, Xiuyue Zhang1, Nan Yang1 and Jianghong Ran1,*
...chenyii using a next-generation sequencing technology. The allele number of these loci ranged from two to six in genotyped 35 individuals. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.2735 to 0.7717 with an average of 0.5149. Observed and expected heterozygosities at each locus ranged from 0 to 0.879 and 0.332 to 0.814, respectively. These markers could be used to better understand the breeding system and protection manage of this species.
...

 Muhammad Arifullah, Muhammad Munir*, Abid Mahmood**, Saifullah Khan Ajmal and Ghulam Shabbir*

COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOME YIELD ATTRIBUTES IN INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L.)
...is indicated significant general combining ability for most of the traits except plant height and siliqua length. UCD-8/4, KJ-119 and BRS-2 were good general combiners for yield related traits. A cross BRS-2 × UCD-8/4 showed best desired SCA for number of primary branches and siliquae per plant. S-9 × Canola Raya for siliqua length, Canola Raya × UCD-8/4 for number of seeds per siliqua, KJ- 119 × BRS-...

 M. Asif Masood, Irum Raza* and Muhammad Yaseen**

ESTIMATION OF OPTIMUM FIELD PLOT SIZE AND SHAPE IN PADDY YIELD TRIAL
...plot size of 3m×5m generally used for paddy yield in the study area. 

...

 Naheed Zahra*, Muhammad Zubair Anwar*, Sonila Hassan** and Irfan Mehmood**

INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT ARRANGEMENT AND THEIR IMPLICATION ON AGRICULTURAL INCOME IN THE SELECTED VILLAGES OF RAWALPINDI DISTRICT
...S) method was applied to generate the results. Results of this study revealed that there exists a positive and statistically significant relationship between institutional credit and agricultural income of the farmers. The other variables such as source of credit, ownership of farming machinery, access to market and family labour also have a positive and statistically significant relationship with the dependent variable except the age of the farmer. Therefore ...

 Shahid Ali*, Anjum Shehzad*, Muhammad Ather Rafi* and Ahmed Zia*

INSECT POLLINATORS OF LITCHI ( ) FROM DISTRICT HARIPUR, PAKISTAN
...lded 20 species under 16 genera of eight families belonging to orders Diptera and Hymenoptera. Family Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae and Syrphidae, represented the order Diptera, while families, Andrenidae, Apidae, Halictidae and Vespidae belonged to order Hymenoptera.

...

 Sadia Tehrim*, M. Yasin Mirza** and G. Mustafa Sajid*

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT GROWTH REGULATORS FOR EFFICIENT PLANT REGENERATION IN GRAPES
...rmonal combinations in regeneration media were studied to determine the best combination for in vitro morphogenesis of grapevine accessions viz., 4494(1) Kowar Sufaid, 4472(12) Harker Agoon and 4492(1) Kowar Naray. When levels of benzylaminopurine (BAP) were increased in the basal MS media for culturing the grape plantlets, there was a corresponding increase in the number of shoots and root mass. Additionally, the shoot proliferation response to increasing lev...

 Nazir Ahmad*, Sultan Ayaz*, Sumaira Shams**, Karimullah*** and Riaz Ahmad****

PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGY OF HELMINTH PARASITES OF FISH FROM RIVER SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...0 fish belonging to five genera and six species were examined. The parasites collected were Diplozoon khyberensis, Bathybothrium rectangulum, Bothriocephalus, Nippotaenia, Cucullanidae, Proteocephalus, Rhabdochona charsaddiensis, Rhabdochona schizothoracis and Neoechynorhynchus devdevi. They were identified by morphological characteristics through microscopic techniques. Overall prevalence of the fish parasites was 58% (145/250). Among these Schizothorax plage...

 Syeda Nasreen*, Mehwish Ishaque**, Muhammad Ayub Khan*, Saleem-ud-din* and Syeda Musarrat Gilani*

COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS FOR SEED PROTEINS, OIL CONTENT AND FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION IN SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)
...and CMS-53 were the best general combiners for seed total proteins, oil content, oleic and linoleic acid, respectively. Among males, C-206-R, SF-187R, RHA-295 and RHA-854 were the potential parents exhibiting desirable GCA for seed total proteins, oil content, oleic and linoleic acids, respectively. Among the F hybrids, 1 highest specific combining ability (SCA) estimates were exhibited by CMSNDMTC x RHA-295 (3.837) for seed total proteins whereas for oil cont...

 Aniqa Iram*, Javed Khan**, Nadeem Aslam**, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Habib Iqbal Javed**, Muhammad Irfan*, Awais Rasool*, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi** and Sumera Aslam* 

EFFICACY OF PLANT DERIVED OILS AND EXTRACTS AGAINST WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI (GENNADIUS) ON SESAME CROP
...control treatment but in general botanical oils showed significant results as compared to plant extracts. Soybean oil was quite effective in reducing whitefly population per leaf, while after second spray soybean oil and extract of Mentha spp. was more effective in the reducing whitefly population per leaf. The results indicated that plant derived oils and extracts have the potential to be used in plant protection strategies but still more research has to be i...

 Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Abdul Razzaq*

EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASSES AND IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON FORAGE QUALITY
...ow palatable grasses was generally high (70-75%) as compared to Ipil ipil leaves (45-55%). DM content among mixtures was also variable. For the treatment grass 75% + Ipil ipil 25%, DM range was 65-70%, for grass 50% + Ipil ipil 50%, it was 60-65% and for grass 25% + Ipil ipil 75%, it was 55%. The CP value of the treatments showed significant variation ranging from less than 10% in grasses to almost 30% in pure Ipil ipil leaves. The mixtures had CP content corr...

 Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Raheel Babar*

EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASS OF HETEROPOGON CONTORTUS WITH IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON DIGESTIBILITY IN GOATS
...ss and Ipil ipil were in general more digestible with more than 65% dry matter digestibility. The lowest digestibility of dry matter (41.66%) was observed in HC 100%. A similar trend was noted for CP digestibility. However, reverse trend was observed in digestibility of CF where highest digestibility was recorded in HC and lowest in II . It 100% 100% can be concluded that grass and ipil ipil leaf mixture are better regarding forage quality and nutrient digesti...

 Mazher Abbas*, Irfan Mehmood*, Arshed Bashir*, Muhammad Ather Mehmood* and Sonila Hassan* 

WOMEN COTTON PICKERS PERCEPTIONS ABOUT HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO PESTICIDE USE IN IRRIGATED PUNJAB
...ve of largest employment generation both for males and females in the production and value chains. Cotton picking is primarily a female specific activity in all cropping zones of Pakistan. Women cotton pickers mostly belong to poor rural society involved in this labour force to feed their families. Cotton pickers in Pakistan face some serious health related problems due to heavy use of pesticides on cotton crop. The present study was designed to investigate th...

Muhammad Hidayat Rasool*, Abuzar Muhammad Afzal*, Abu Baker Siddique*, Waseem Akram**, Muhammad Saqalein*, Madiha Basit* and Muhammad Farooq Tahir***

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF VIRO CARE GZ-08 AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN POULTRY AND ITS IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY
...nst different viruses in general and NDV in particular. However, in-vivo use of GZ-08™ in poultry against NDV is recommended only as pre-treatment with ND vaccines as it significantly reduced morbidity and mortality as compared to the use of vaccines alone. However, further work is recommended in future on GZ-08™ for its use as post-treatment of ND as well as on other antiviral compounds of natural origin to develop a novel antiviral drug against N...

 Syed Asif Imran Shah*, Shah Jehan Khan**, Abdul Aziz Baloch*** ,
Obaid Ullah Sayal**, Kalim Ullah* andShujaat Ali**

COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS IN VARIOUS INBRED LINES OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
...ean square values due to general combining ability were -1 highly significant (P≤0.01) for all studied attributes except kernels ear and grain yield. Highly significant variations for specific combining ability of direct and reciprocal effects were observed for all attributes. Azam -1 proved good combiner for days to 50% silking and kernel rows ear while -1 Islamabad Gold for kernels ear and grain yield. Islamabad White × Sadaf was the best combiner f...

 Muhammad Qasim*, Sonila Hassan*, Arshed Bashir*, Hafiz Zahid Mahmood** and Irfan Mehmood*

ANALYZING PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF SELECTED FOOD AND LEGUME CROPS FOR FOOD SECURITY IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...od security to masses in general. 

...

 Junaid Alvi*, Ijaz Ashraf*, Khalid Mehmood Ch*, Muhammad Iftikhar* and Saleem Ashraf**

IMPACT OF LIVESTOCK IN UPLIFTING RURAL LIVELIHOOD
...idely adopted for income generation. More than 22% respondents earned a maximum income of more than Rs.15000. Livestock have dominant effect on domestic needs fulfillment. Farmers were spending income on family chores, education, health and other aspects of life. Informal discussions and observation dictated the lower productivity than the potential and inadequate awareness and adoption of precise dairy farming practices. Livestock keepers demanded provision o...

 Syeda Nasreen*, Muhammad Ayub Khan*, Muhammad Arshad*, Maryam Kamal**, Doulat Baig *, M. Tariq*, Talat Gilani* and Musarrat Gilani*

COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES FOR SEED YIELD TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER
...ential parents with high general 1 combining ability (GCA) effects were identified for yield related traits. Among

females, CMS-H55-2-2-1 expressed the highest significant GCA effects for 1000- seed weight whereas female, CMS-303 represented the highest and significant GCA estimates for head diameter, yield and harvest index. Among male parents, RHA-295 expressed the highest significant magnitude for head diameter while SF-187R possessed the h...

 Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Abid Hussain*

MARKETING SYSTEM OF LIVE CAMELS IN THE DESERT ECOLOGIES OF PAKISTAN
...y. The camel markets are generally located far away from the villages. High marketing costs and lack of proper market infrastructure/facilities compel farmers to sell camels at village level to the village dealers and fellow farmers at relatively low prices. Percent difference in prices at wholesale market and village levels were 28.6, 12.9, 6.0 and 0.5 for adult male, wet female, dry female and young stock, respectively. The prevailing marketing situation of ...

 Tasawar Sultana*, Farah Deeba* and S.M. Saqlan Naqvi*

HIGH-THROUGHPUT AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF MEDICAGO TRUNCATULA IN COMPARISON TO TWO EXPRESSION VECTORS
...lower number of explants generated hygromycin resistant plantlet for instance, 18.3 with pGOsRGLP1 vector as compared to 35.5% with pCOsRGLP1 vector. Transformation efficiency of PCR positive plants generated was 9.4% for pGOsRGLP1 while 21.6% for pCOsRGLP1. Furthermore 24.4% of explants -1 generated antibiotic resistant plantlet on 20 mgl of hygromycin which was -1 higher than on 15mgl of...

 Nasarullah*, Raiz uddin*, Fakhar Uddin* and Muhammad Jamal*

INTERPRETING WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR GRAIN YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT REGIMES OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...ss of selection in early generation for the improvement of these traits. Genotypes Faisalabad-2008 and line from Tajikistan (2S-3094) performed better for most of yield and associated traits across both environments therefore could be an asset for plant breeders to breed genotypes suitable for diverse environments.

...
Youbao Zhong1, Xianlai Zhang1, Xiaofen Hu1 and Yong Li1, 2,*
...te its similarity to the general mammal small intestine microstructure, the present results indicated that the hedgehog duodenum contained fewer Brunner’s glands, and that the Paneth cells were lacking in the crypt. The connective tissue was denser in the jejunal submucosa, but the muscularis was thicker. The intestinal glands were greatly developed in the ileum, lymphoid nodules were observed in the mucosa, and diffuse lymphoid tissue was distributed in...

Hina Zubair1, Saima Perveen2, Saeed Alam3, Akkad Rafiq4* and Sara Ejaz 

...ess compaigns to educate general public for better use of contraception especially male partner as it is less invasive compared to female partner. 

...

Samina Ashraf1*, Ghulam Haider2 and Maimoona Ashraf

...to any type of violence, generate a theoretical model for the ways in which women with disabilities survived and coped with their violence and finally to make suggestions and recommendations in order to reduce the elements causing violence against women with disabilities. In this study, a qualitative interpretive phenomenological research methodology has been used to explore, interpret, and evaluate the personal narratives of women with disabilities about thei...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Zafarullah Baloch3 

...bserved that respondents generally get 76 kg of dates on average per tree. Many of the farmers use Radio and contact farmers as sources of knowledge for agricultural practices and date palm cultivation. However, more than 68% of the respondents do not get advisory services from government extension service institutions at all. Age and experience are significantly correlated variables with r = 0.951 at 1% alpha level. Results from regression analysis revealed t...
 Nazia Qamar1, Sher Khan Panhwar1,* and Ralf Riedel2,*
...n for current and future generations.
...
Ali Haider Saleem1,*, Khalid Javed2, Masroor Ellahi Babar3, Tanveer Hussain3, Asad Ali2, Afzal Ali2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Zahid Farooq1 and Muhammad Dawood2
Mubashar Hussain, Muhammad Faheem Malik, Sehreen Siddique, Muhammad Umar, Tamkeen Zainab, Fatima Zafar
...ntation of 14 species, 6 genera and 3 sub families across all sites. Maximum abundance was noticed for Coccinella septempunctata (19.63 %) followed by Coccinella undecimpunctata (14.70 %), Coccinella transversalis (11.14 %) and Coccinella sexmaculata (10.29 %). Greater diversity (H´: 2.481), dominance (1-D: 0.8964) and evenness (J´: 0.7474) of coccinellid beetles were recorded from under-study sites. However, vari...
Zahida Parveen1, Safdar Sidra1*, Bushra Nisar Khan2
...the diet preferences and general behavior of these peafowls under captive conditions. Three different diets, based upon the availability of food items, were selected and fed to the birds over duration of one week each. During the fourth week, all three diets were combined and offered to the peafowls. The feed was pre-weighed and the leftover feed was collected and weighed the next day before offering the new feed. According to previous reports at site, the pea...
Muhammad Arshad,1* Sajjad Ahmad1, Muhammad Sufyan1, Zain-ul Abdin1 and Sumaira Maqsood2
...ichness and abundance in general and predators in particular.
...
Syeda Madiha, Zehra Batool, Saiqa Tabassum, Laraib Liaquat, Sadia Sadir, Tahira Perveen and Saida Haider*

 

...against different neurodegenerative diseases.
...
Jehangir Khan1,*, Rasheedullah1, Bakht Tarin Khan2, Ayaz Ahmad3, Muhammad Salman4 and Khalid Khan5
... in district Shangla and generally in Pakistan.
...

Shahid Ali1* and Salamat Ali2  

...ry sector of Pakistan is generating direct and indirect employment and provision of income for millions. This study, therefore, estimated and compared costs and revenues of open shed and environmentally controlled (EC) shed broiler farms in Punjab, Pakistan. Multistage sampling technique was applied for selection of sampled respondents. 120 farmers, 60 farmers of open shed and 60 farmers of EC shed were interviewed during 2014. Dummy variable regression was ap...

Nadia Faqir1, Aish Muhammad2*, Ghulam Muhammad Ali2, Armghan Shehzad2, Hafeez Ur Rahman3, Farhatullah4 and Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder

...ed cultivars. Tree plots generated showed inconsistencies in grouping of the cultivars thus showing no significant relationship of the plant morphology with the chemical composition of fruit. 

...
Mohammed Al Bratty1, Hassan A. Alhazmi1, Somaya Jadoh Ogdi1, Jana Ahmad Otaif1, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab2, Mohammad Firoz Alam3 andSadique Akhtar Javed1,*
...ngs and brain, which are generally not consumed by the local population. Meat, the most consumed part of the chicken has been found to be among the least contaminated tissues. Importantly, the lead (Pb) content was found to be of serious concern in the tested chicken samples, as it was measured to be higher than its maximum permissible limit (0.1 mg/kg) in poultry meat set by WHO and European Union. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of the tested metals throu...

Muhammad Ismaeel1,2*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Aziz Ur Rahman1 and Mian Ahmad Raza

...ended to develop advance generations and improved rice varieties 

...

Xiangbin Meng1,Tianxiang Gao2, Chunhou Li3, Na Song1, Lu Liu1, Liqin Liu2 and Xiumei Zhang1,*

 

...ecies. We performed next-generation sequencing and de novo assembly to obtain potential useful microsatellite markers for S. esculenta. Among 80 tested microsatellite markers, 19 showed polymorphism among S. esculenta individuals. The allele number of all polymorphic microsatellite markers ranged from 6 to 10. Expected and observed heterozygosity varied from 0.260 to 0.904 and from 0.292 to 0.861, with an average of 0.741 and 0.607, respec...
Nausheen Irshad1,*, Imran Yousaf1, Tariq Mahmood2 and Muhammad Saeed Awan1
...of its habitat. There is general lack of formal studies on the species. A survey was conducted from June to December 2014 to document existence of the leopard in Abbaspur area, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Direct field observations (opportunistic survey) and indirect observations based on signs of the species were recorded. This was supplemented with information collected through questionnaire survey. Results confirmed the occurrence of leopard at six out of twelve...
Tengfei Lu1, Wenhua Pei1, Shuang Zhang2, Yangnan Wu1, Fenghao Chen2, Xiao Han2 and Weijun Guan1,*
...tion for treatment and regenerative medical projects.
...
Souheila Slimani1,*, Sonia Hamouda1, Chahrazed Souadi1, Sara Silini2, Cherif Abdennour2 and Leila Delimi3
...gical profile revealed degenerative changes in testes of treated pigeons with elongated and irregular diameter of seminiferous tubules, degenerative of Sertoli cells, severe atrophy of Leydig cells and pronounced decrease in the interstitial space. However, in the treated groups the stages of spermatogenesis appear unaffected, accompanied withimmature and malformed spermatozoa in the lumen.To conclude, oral administration of...
Selçuk Kaplan
...phenotypic values do not generally indicate the real genotypic values of animals. However, using MAS approaches in selection of animals can increase the accuracy of selection. From this point of view, validation of candidate gene markers for marker assisted selection is very important to increase genetic gains in breeding. Leptin is a 16 kDa protein which is highly expressed in adipose tissue. Leptin is one of the most significant candidate gene marker for MAS...
Muhammad Shahid Saeed1, Adeela Shahid2, Samia Jawed3, Muhammad Akram4, Irshad Hussain Qureshi5 
...b III. Detailed history, general physical and systemic examination was conducted and all parameters were recorded. Modified Borg scale was used to determine the grade of dyspnea from 0-10. A total of 2ml of venous blood was taken to determine the serum magnesium levels. All patients were given Salbutamol inhalation and intravenous (I/V) Hydrocortisone. The study group was given 2gm of MgS04 intravenously in 20 minutes in a burette and Placebo g...
Maaz Ahmad1*, Mussab Ahmad2 and Tehreem Munir3
...roximately 15-20% of the general population in many developed countries suffers from dyspeptic symptoms at any time in a year, whereas in Pakistan, 14-22 % of general population suffers from FD. 
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of carica papaya extract (CP) in preventing functional dyspepsia in human volunteers. 
Methodology: A community based, ...
Ayesha Noreen1, Dilara A. Bukhari2 and Abdul Rehman1,*
...gen species (ROS) can be generated by intake of environmental pollutants, smoke, tobacco, xenobiotic, drugs, medical materials, radiations, pesticides, industrial solvents and ozone. The processes running in the cell membranes, peroxisomes, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum also generate ROS. ROS can be activated by numerous external factors, and play an important role in cancer growth and metastasis. ROS and tumor cell...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Ibrahim A. Alhidary1, Gamaleldin M. Suliman1,2, Abdullah H. Alyemni3, Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady3, Faisal A. Alshamiry1,Mohsen M. Alobre1 and Riyadh S. Aljumaah1
...ound 30% NDF improve the general performance and most of the required meat quality measurement.
...

Muhammad Siddiq1*, Sahib Alam2, Hamid Ullah Shah2, Zafar Iqbal2, Kalsoom Siddiq3 and Taufeq Ahmad4 

Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Selim Erdoğan3, Ecevit Eyduran3 andMohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...o solution for CHAID was generated. In CART algorithm, the highest honey yield per hive (51.250 kg) was obtained from the 33.5 or younger enterprises that performed only beekeeping activity. The four most influential predictors in the MARS were age of enterprise (100%), number of full beehives (100%), other races (97%), and other works except for beekeeping (90%). The best performance order was MARS (r=0.920) > CART (r=0.619) > multiple linear regression...
Binbin Shan, Yan Liu, Changping Yang, Shengnan Liu and Dianrong Sun*
...v>...
Rida Zainab1, Sana Elahi1, Afshan Kaleem2,*, Daniel C. Hoessli3, Mehwish Iqtedar2, Roheena Abdullah2, Faiza Saleem2, Shanza Khan1, Anusha Ijaz1, Shagufta Naz2 and Abdul R. Shakoori4,5,*
...tual disturbances. First generation antipsychotics for Schizophrenia were replaced with by second generation ones with less side-effects like Parkinsonism and Hyperprolactinemia. A novel, computer-based drug designing technique, has emerged to develop more efficient drugs. One of the computational methods becoming increasingly popular to develop new drugs is relying on Pharmacophores. This method was utilized to develop phar...
Li Lv1, Liuan Li1,*, Ruibo Zhang1, Zhichao Deng1, Tianming Jin1 and Gaimei Du2
...g selenium using hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Selenium dietary supplementation significantly increased egg white, egg yolk and total egg levels, as well as daily egg production (P < 0.05). During the study, egg white, egg yolk and total egg selenium, as well as egg production, initially increased for low- and medium-dose groups and then plateaued. In contrast, these parameters initially increased and subsequently decreased for...
Qiang Li1,2, Guo Qiao2, Li Wang1, Jipeng Zhang1, Ruijun Li1, Ping Ni1, Yi Guo1 and Shigen Ye1,*
... isolates belonged to 10 genera, including Vibrio (72%), Staphylococcus (9%), Pseudomonas (4%), Bacillus (4%), Vagococcus (3%), Shewanella (3%), Planococcus migula (4%), Exiguobacterium (1%), Enterobacter (1%) and Kocuria roseus (1%). Vibrio spp. and Vibrio harveyi were the predominant genus and species, respectively. In addition, challenge tests demonstrated that 13 out of 70 ...
Şehriban Çek Yalnız 1,* and Erdal Yilmaz2
...ge, surface blebbing and generation of apoptotic bodies by cell fragmentation were evidence of apoptosis. In pre and postovulatory follicles, karyorhexis and the budding phenomena were clearly detected. Karyorhexis and budding phenomena were also the sing of apoptosis. Atresia was also clearly detected in pre and postovulatory follicles. The detection of karyorhexis, characteristic of apoptotic cells may provide a better understanding in atresia mechanism. It ...

Fan Shuli1*, Ameer Hussain Jarwar1,3, Xiaoyan Wang2, Long Wang1 and Qifeng Ma

Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2, Muhammad Anjum Ali Buttar3, Umar Farooq4, Muhmmad Islam5 and Zahid Ullah Khan1 

...tivity of major crops in general and high value crops in particular. Presently average weighted tax rate on all fertilizers is 5.83 percent. The imposition of uniform tax rate of 5% on all fertilizers, without cash subsidy on urea will reduce financial implication to Rs. 43 billion and at 2% tax rate financial implication will be Rs. 53.7 billion per annum. Imposition of uniform tax rates will result into decrease in market prices of fertilizers, consequently ...

Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1*, Maryam Bisola Adebayo2, Bashiru Shafa Abubakar3, Ibrahim Abubakar Yusuf2 and Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi1  

...ncrease awareness of the general populace on the virus and its acquisition.  

...

Monsif Ur Rehman1*, Hidayat-ur-Rahman1, Muhammad Iqbal2, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1 and Zahir Shah3 

...Tester, T-4 was the best general combiner with desirable GCA for kernels ear-1 and grain yield. The testcrosses i.e. (P8 × P10-3) × T4, (P6 × P10-1) × T4, (P8 × P10-1) × T4, (P6 × P9-2) × T4, (P2 × P3-1) × T1, (P1 × P5-2) × T1 and (P4 × P10-3) × T3 were the best performers in terms of maximum grain yield (above checks) and desirable SCA effects. Another 33 crosses exhibited pos...

Sher Nawab Khan* and Ghulam Hassan 

...awar-Pakistan. Data were generated on spikelets spike-1, spike length (cm), days to heading and grain yield plant-1. Significant differences were present for all the studied parameters. In diallel analysis highly significant dominant (b) and additive (a) genetic effects were detected for all the parameters except spikelets spike-1. Scaling test for the adequacy of the model was complete to partially adequate for the studied parameters. Similarly, both dominant...
Shagufta Naz*, Saima Sharif, Hafsa Badar, Syeda Fareeha Tauheed

Asma Sohail1*, Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi1, Maryum Arif2 and Fatima Najam1 

...ffective use in food. In general, results showed that encapsulation is an effective approach for protection of active ingredients of pumpkin seed oil. 

...
Zafar Iqbal*, Farah Ansar, Zil-e-Huma
...). The pathogenic fungal genera isolated were: Aspergillus, Alternaria, Penicillium, Mucor. Blastomyces, Rhizopus and Fusarium. Ten bacterial genera were also isolated; Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Moraxella, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus,. Carnobacterium. There has not been a single case of topically acquired infection among st...

 Tahir Abbas*1, Khawaja Raees Ahmad2, Asmatullah3, Khalid Pervaiz Lone4, Muhammad Ali Kanwal2, Sadia Suleman2

Reno-hepatic protective effects of Jambul against chromium induced anomalies in mice
...ver rehabilitation and regeneration. The JFE significantly recovered the histopathological alterations in reno-hepatic tissue by free radicals scavenging and metal chelating abilities due to presence of anthocyanin, flavonoids and β-sitosterol. The JFE’sprotective effects against heavy metals environmental toxicants especially Cr+6 is novel and cheapest; that should be sponsored for ethno-medicinal purpose.

...

 Abbas Ali1, Muhammad Altaf2*, Muhammad Samar Hussain Khan3

Winter survey of birds at Keti Bunder, district Thatha, Pakistan
... species belonging to 33 genera
and 21 families were recorded. A total of 4280 birds were recorded dedicated survey effort from the Keti Bunder.
Dominance (D), Shannon-Wiener diversity Index (H’), Simpson Index (S), Evenness (E) and Margalef (R) were
observed form the study area as; 0.06, 3.23, 0.94, 0.52 and 5.74 respectively. During the surveys noted that most
abundant species of the study area were little egret, cattle egre...

Sadaf Niaz1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Asif Nadeem1, Misbah Hussain1, Riffat Mehboob3*, Fridoon Jawad Ahmad3

Mutation analysis of RING1 domain of Parkin in early onset of Parkinson’s disease in Pakistani patients-a pilot study
...econd most common neurodegenerative disorder, occurring mostly in
men. Almost 9 genes have been reported to be involved in the progression of PD, if mutated. Among them, PARK2
gene is involved in 50% of the early onset cases. Aim of study was to do mutation analysis of RING domain of Parkin
gene as there is no mutation reported previously. In current study, sequence analysis of RING1 domain of Parkin
protein was performed in a sampl...

 Maleeha Manzoor1,2*, Ruijuan Ma2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabssum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1

Microalgal-bacterial consortium: a cost-effective approach of wastewater treatment in Pakistan
...cultural wastes/residues generated abundantly in energy deficient countries like Pakistan, having enormous
energy potential, are not utilized efficiently and considered as wastes only. The present review focuses on the current
research on algal-bacterial consortia and the construction of consortia by keeping in view the environmental
conditions of country, suitable for microalgal growth to deal with pollution control and production of anim...

Madeeha Arshad, Asmatullah, Chaman Ara

Embryotoxic effects of sodium arsenate in Mus musculus
...ium arsenate) other than general lethality additionally can be a teratogenic
agent. Present research work is focused on the teratogenic impacts of sodium
arsenate given to gravid mice (Mus musculus). Different doses of sodium arsenate
18.25, 37.5 and 75mg/kg B.W. were administered orally at day 6 of gestation
(single exposure group) to 15 females/dose group along with one control group
having 15 females, which was given only ...

 Halil Erhan Eroğlu

The comparison of the Felidae species with karyotype symmetry/asymmetry index (S/AI)
... so that
species, genera, families and orders can be compared. Also the evolutionary
relationships of higher organisms can be determined. The symmetry/asymmetry
index is applied to the Felidae species. After a comprehensive literature search,
karyotype formulae, S/AI values and karyotype types of 23 species were
determined. According to the S/AI values, a phylogenetic tree was drawn showing
relationships among the spec...

 Raazia Kiran1, Alya Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan1*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir2

An overview of pre-treatment methods used for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into valuable products
... /> environment. Second generation (2G) or cellulosic bio-ethanol is produced from the
biomass in three main steps that are pre-treatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation.
The pre-treatment method involves the use of different physical processes i.e., size
reduction, steaming or boiling, ultrasonication, and bursting, chemical methods i.e.,
solvents, acids, salts, bases, the physicochemical processes include liquid hot
water an...

Faheem Ali1*, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1, Abdul Basit2, Muhammad Kashif Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad1 and Muhammad Amir

...her processing units are generally inductive in nature. The power required by agricultural industry is broadly categorized into shaft power and process heat power, and could be used for planting, cultivating, pumping, harvesting, drying, cooking, baking, woodworking, forging and smelting etc. This results in lagging Volt-Ampere-Reactive (VARs), which must be balanced by the same number of leading VARs in order to ensure unity power factor, thus avoiding penalt...
Muhammad Muddassir Ali1,2 and İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci1,*
...ic to Turkey. It’s general anti-oxidant and anti-cancerous activities are explored, but no study has been observed on liver cancerous cell line in term of its genotoxicty. So, genotoxic evaluation was carried out for the alcoholic and hexane extracts of T. turcica. Methanol extracts showed the highest DNA damage (20±1) at 200 µg/ml concentration and 11.67±2.52 at 50 µg/ml. Ethanol extracts showed the 2nd highes...

Saman Fatima* and Shazia Iram 

... grow fungal colonies on generalized media, i.e. potato dextrose agar, from which six fungal colonies were also isolated and studied further. Under molecular approach direct DNA was isolated from the infected skin of sampled fruits by using CTAB method. The pathogens being identified through classical approach includes: Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria sp., Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium sp. After sequencing of DNA the pat...

Neelum Andaleeb1*, Munir Khan1, Syed Attaullah Shah1 and Rahmat Ullah2 

...ariables, such as income generating individuals, milking animals, women participation in livestock farming, education level of the head, age of the head and agricultural land holding of the household, were used as explanatory variables in the model. Results of ordered logit model showed that education level of the head, numbers of income generating individuals, land holding, number of milking animals, women involvement in li...

Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1*, Amjad Khan1, Mahmood Alam Khan1, Waqas Ahmad2, Shafiq ur Rehman3, Mohammad Sharif4 and Sajjad Ahmad1 

...ere hydrological drought generally causes adverse impacts on agricultural production and hydropower generation. In this research, the characteristics of hydrological droughts in Indus River basin using stream flow data of major rivers of Pakistan were investigated. Stream flow drought indices (SDI) were used to determine the severity of droughts for the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab and Kabul River at Tarbela, Mangla, Marala and War...

Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Nazakat Nawaz, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Tahira, Doulat Baig, Ihsan Ullah Khan and Shamim ul Sibtain Shah 

...elections in segregating generations. This will help to increase sesame crop yield in the country. 

...
Fatih Korkmaz1, Veysel Parlak2, Özgür Kaynar3, Arzu Ucar2, Gonca Alak1,* and Muhammed Atamanalp2
Daniel Zaborski,1,* Muhammad Ali,2 Ecevit Eyduran,3 Wilhelm Grzesiak,1 Mohammad Masood Tariq,2 Ferhat Abbas,2 Abdul Waheed4 and Cem Tirink5
...ART, CHAID and MARS were generally low. In conclusion, the applied method of reproductive parameters prediction was rather ineffective, indicating that more powerful input variables are required to obtain better prediction results.
...
Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah1, Mohcen Menaa2,*, Salah Telailia3,Menouar Saheb1 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi2
...orests was about 50%, in general, and produced by differences in abundance of Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs, European Serin Serinus serinus, House Sparrow Passer domesticus, European Greenfinch Chloris chloris, Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata, andCommon Blackbird Turdus merula. The differences between pine woodlands and oak woodlands (about 60%) and oak-pine mixed woodlands and oak woodlands (about 50%) were ...
Xiao-Ying Ren1, Di Zhang2 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
...e classified into two subgenera. Moreover, it was inferred that the varieties of skulls characteristics in E. miletus, E. eleusis, E. cachinus and E. melanogaster were main influenced by temperature and humidity; E. olitor, E. custos and E. chinensis were main influenced by diet. Thus, the environmental factors (temperature, humidity and diet) may lead to the difference of geometric morphometry of skulls charact...
Jair Millán-Orozco1,*, Jersson Millán-Orozco2 and Luz María Tejada-Ugarte3
...rce information has been generated on this topic, thus the present study was conducted to analyze the grazing behavior of Saint Croix sheep at 18º N in Mexico. The present study was carried out using ten adult ewes, 32.8±5.1 kg, stocked on a Taiwan grass (Pennisetum purpurem) pasture maintained at a sward surface height of 30 cm. Observations were conducted during daylight hours (06:00-18:00) from May to April of the next year for three cons...

Zakiullah1, Muhammad Farid Khan1*, Muhammad Mohibullah3, Muhammad Iqbal2, Irfanullah3, Faheemullah3, Madiha Urooj1 and Uzma Arif1 

...ean square values due to general combining ability were highly significant (P≤0.01) for all the experimental parameters except grain yield and biological yield. Highly significant specific combining ability for direct and reciprocal crosses shows highly significant differences for all the studied parameters. PSEV-3 proved best combiner for days to germination and grains moisture % at harvest while Azam for grain yield and biological yield. Sarhad White was ...
Shamesa Maryam1, Ajaz Ahmad Sandhu1, Imran Bodlah2*, Muhammad Asif Aziz2, Ayesha Aihetasham3

 

Muhammad Shabir Shaheen1, Shahid Mehmood1, Athar Mahmud1, Jibran Hussain1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi2, Muhammad Yaqoob3, Sohail Ahmad1 and Arshad Javid4,*
...evealed that all strains generally but Ross 308 particularly maintained on floor heating system (FH) exhibited significantly (P<0.05) better FCR, EEF and livability along with higher glucose and lower cholesterol level in blood with better immune response that led to higher profit margin. All these parameters were significantly (P<0.05) lowest on gas brooder in comparison of brooding systems.
...
Peng Song1,2, Wei Feng2, Haiying Shi2,Jinsheng Zhao3, Renmin Liu3 and Wei Xu2,*
...Bacterial decolorization generally demonstrates good color removal effects. In this study, the capability of Enterococcus avium to decolorize both water and oil-soluble azo dyes were investigated. The bacteria was incubated under static conditions in the presence of 50mg/L Amaranth or 5 mg/L Sudan I in LB media at 37°C for 10 h, and reduction of the dyes was monitored. The preferable pH for the decolorization of Amaranth by ts17 strain was between p...

Ali Awais, Charassri Nualsri and Watcharin Soonsuwon* 

..., the EMS response in M1 generation was also observed in the field condition by various quantitative measurements. The traits, especially plant height, panicle length, number of filled grains, number of grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight and yield per plant showed a clear fall off when compared to control while the panicle length in both mutants were higher than that of control. Several mutants also revealed some notable phenotypic variations in the roots, ...

Rizwan Ullah Shah* and Iqbal Munir 

...owed by shoot and root regeneration of Brassica carinata. Seeds were sterilized and germinated, of which one week cotyledon and hypocotyl were used for callus formation and shoot regeneration at five different level of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid NAA (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l) and 6-benzyl amino purine BAP (0.1, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l), and root regeneration at four levels of indo...
Liqin Liu, Maoting Wang, Zhenming Lü, Li Gong*, ChangWen Wu, Baoying Guo and Lihua Jiang
...araonis through next-generation sequencing technology. A total of 100 alleles were detected, and the number of alleles per loci ranged from 2 to 9. The observed and expected heterozygosities per loci ranged from 0.000 to 0.531 and from 0.031 to 0.751, respectively. Polymorphism information content (PIC) showed that six loci were highly informative (PIC > 0.5). Five loci (CL1142, CL1770, CL2683, CL3494, CL 3674) significantly deviated from the Hardy-Wein...
Nasira Khatoon1, Aly Khan2,*, S.S. Shahid3, Z.S. Saify4, M. Arshad Azmi1 and Wali Khan5
... early stage by training general practitioners. Scabicides must be applied at bedtime and wash off the next morning and finally if there is a single patient the entire family must be treated.
...
Khalid Khan1, Saima Liaqat2*, Somaiya Rasheed1 and Ihsanullah Kakar3
...sed livestock for income generation. Furthermore, livestock have a predominant role to accomplish the rudimentary needs of the households. Moreover, livestock offer opportunities of income generation and to spend it on education, health and housing, which eventually enhanced the living standard of the households. However, orthodox and dogmatic methods, inadequate awareness and lack of animals’ hospitals lead to hamper ...
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zaheer1, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Muhammad Shafique1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar1
...and 4th generation cephalosporin and carbapenems is an issue of high importance. Present study was aimed to determine the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MBL producing carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative rods (GNRs) isolated from clinical specimens. A clinical descriptive study was conducted in Faisalabad, Pakistan from June 2016 to January 2017. A total of 152 clinical samples were processed according to standard microbi...

Mohammad Wasiullah Khan1*, Abdur Rab1, Roshan Ali2, Muhammad Sajid1, Faiza Aman1, Imran Khan3, Iqbal Hussain3 and Akhtar Ali3 

...rients are suggested for general cultivation of potato in Swat valley. 

...

Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Irshad Abbasi2, Himayatullah Khan1, Arjumand Nizami3, Abdul Hakeem4, Jawad Ali3 and Muhammad Jamal Khan

... (December to April). In general, monsoon period is dry, and only 18% of total annual precipitation occurs during the months of July-October. Burgay watershed is situated upstream of Satpara Dam. Water from this watershed is distributed among the communities according to historically agreed distribution patterns. Water availability vary from season to season. The objective of the instant study was to assess the glaciers/snow water dependence of agriculture act...
Catherine J. Allen
...al orientations that are generally consistent across the Andean ethnographic and ethnohistorical record. Underlying this vocabulary is a mindset that prioritizes relationships over individual agency; this entails connections among a multitude of human as well as other-than-human persons and necessitates collective work in which everything contributes to keeping the collectivity in a precarious balance. Although, at the national level, these notions of wel...
Brian Yazzie Burkhart
...ptualization of being in general and human being in particular that is both out in the land and at the same time arising from it. It is from this perspective of being that this essay tries to articulate a framework for understanding well-being that is both rooted in the land and in reciprocal kinship relationship with it. This essay examines Diné, Lakota, and Jalagi stories and language concepts for their rootedness in land in more ...
Seth Robertson
... in social contexts more generally. Finally, I argue that because of nunchi’s close relation to well-being and flourishing, that there is a strong case to be made for treating it as a virtue.

...

 Tung-Yi Kho

... of the state and of the general populace are today explicitly dominated by the project of modernization in all its grasping materiality and technological glory, my paper reveals that the capacity of a modernist lifestyle to engender well-being, much less the good life, is far from assured. Meanwhile, my research in Shenzhen disclosed an alternative, Relationist, conception of well-being that was seldom expressed or associated with the good life despite also b...

 Jennifer Mei Sze Ang

...r and a life filled with generally more positive emotions. It starts with outlining Sartrean existentialism – the ontological freedom we are born into experienced as feelings of anxiety and angst, and experiences of hostility as we encounter others through their gaze and objectification. From this framework, it examines and reflects on both the empirical models of well-being focused on desire/satisfaction/positive emotions and the eudaimonic strands of w...
Jason Shepard1 and Tyra Turner2
...d thought and well-being generalizes to non-WEIRD cultures. We found evidence that the relation between future-oriented thought and well-being was robust across cultures, including when analyzing a general trend across 64 countries (Study 1) and when examining specific cultural contrasts (Study 2 and Study 3). Taken together these three studies provide evidence that the relation between future-oriented thought and well-being...

Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Sidra Mushtaq1, Muhammad Tariq Malik2, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Shoaib Fareed3, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar

...ed as constructional and general utility timber. This review article shows the work conducted on sheesham decline syndrome especially die back and wilt in Indian sub-continent. A diversity of plant pathogenic fungi has been identified and isolated from the various affected sheesham trees from Indian sub-continent, yet the actual cause of the diseases is still controversial. It is pertinent to mention here that no viruses or any bacteria has been reported from ...

Khadim Hussain Wagan1*, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano1 and Abdul Ghani Lanjar2 

...lignments among the same genera and species demonstrated 91–98% identity. We then predicated that isolated encoded culture (MPS16) predetermine with Macrophomina sp. 

...

 Abdul Khaliq1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Akhlaq Ahmad2 and Yasir Iftikhar3

...llowing by F1 generation. Phosphine fitness in term of mortality mean calculated at 300 ppm was minimum against weevil but highly effective against red flour beetle after 24hours while, at 400ppm showed same resistance level in all. At 500ppm, lesser grain borer (LGB) was more susceptible as compared to others as in rice weevil. Nicotiana tabacum (L.) and Calotropis procera (Aiton) oil both at 15% were most lethal to LGB, weevil and re...

Huma Khalil1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Sajjad Khalil1, Farghama Khalil2 and Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel1 

...strinae and Opiinae), 12 genera and 16 species were collected. Out of them, two genera and 12 species were recorded for the first time from this area. Aphidiinae contains 1,107 individuals which showed that it’s a dominant braconid subfamily while Opiinae (209) was the least dominant. The richness of braconid parasitoids in different localities of Sargodha was also investigated. Braconid parasitoid populations were hig...
Guo-hai Wang1, Zai-xi Yang1, Pan Chen1, Wei-ning Tan2 and Chang-hu Lu1,*
...ed dispersal and plant regeneration in particular habitats by frugivorous birds are of great concern. In this study, we recorded the bird’s seed foraging and dispersing behavior of local bird species to examine their role in dispersing seeds of Kmeria septentrionalis, an endangered tree species in a karst habitat in southwest China. Twenty-seven bird species were recorded feeding on its seeds, and fourteen bird species were confirmed as seeds disp...

 Tazeen Jamil, Saba Ijaz, Rabia Arif*, Faiza Akram and Muhammad Saleem

...ents in four consecutive generations of different strains of Sordaria fimicola. The parental strains werecollected from two contrasting environments of Evolution Canyon i.e. harsh South facing slope and neutral North facing slope. Retroelements profiles were generated in order to detect retrotransposons. Strains from South facing slope exhibited more copy number of Ty3-gypsy, LINEs and Ty1-copia as compa...
Fakhra Soomro1,*, Riffat Sultana2 and Muhammad Saeed Wagan2
...e and usually giving two generation in a year but occasionally third generation of diapauses eggs of S. savignyi hatched in winter. A comparative key for immature stages of both species was constructed. Almost all immature stages occupied similar habitats as that of adults and their appropriate stages were differentiated through combination of characters i.e. coloration, morphometry, pronotum, femur bands, wing...
...he Journal of Zoology by generating fake reviewers email addresses. This led to an in-depth investigation by the Editorial Team and Executive Council of Zoological Society of Pakistan. The editorial team had written confidentially to all the reviewers at their official addresses, the list of which was provided by the corresponding author at the time of online submission of the manuscript. The editorial team was flabbergasted by the responses of scientists whos...
Senol Celik
...he basis of the smallest generalized cross validation (GCV). In the MARS algorithm, BL and CG were the predictors that had the highest relative importance (100%) in the prediction of live body weight and these two predictors could be considered as indirect selection criteria for breeding schemes. It could be suggested that the CART, the CHAID, the Exhaustive CHAID and especially MARS algorithms in the prediction of live body weight were significant statistical...

Iftikhar Ud Din* and Qamruz Zaman 

.... In MLM, apart from the general factors of sample size estimation, the test size, the effect size, SE (standard error) of the effect size and power of the test, additional factors like, magnitude of the ICC (Intra Class Correlation), total number of clusters, the number of parameters to be estimated, and the information whether the design is balance or unbalance play a significant role and discussed in the present study. 

...

Muhammad Shahid1*, Mehmood Shah2, Adiqa Kiani3 and Farhat Parveen4 

...e, the only sector which generates incomes and financial support for agricultural sector. This research paper debates on livestock implications in raising labour productivity by taking time series data from 1984 to 2017 and Auto Regressive Distributive lag model (ARDL) has been applied to conclude the results. The other econometric test CUSUM and CUSUM sum of square were conducted to check the stability of the model. The results of the study reveal statistical...

Abid Ali1*, Hidayat ur Rahman1, Farhatullah1 and Zahir Shah

...ackcrosses BC11 and BC12 generations during spring 2016. The total experimental material in this study consisted of three parental inbred lines, six F1s, six F2s, six BC11, six BC12 and check cultivar P30K08 which were evaluated at two locations i.e. CCRI, Pirsabak, Nowshera and The University of Agriculture (UAP), Peshawar-Pakistan in a RCB design having three replications during kharif, 2016. Generation means analysis (GMA...

Mehboob Arslan* and Xin Yang 

...f virus-host interaction generate a favorable environment for the viral pathogens. This phenomenon is a hotspot for investigations in order to improve the diagnosis and drug development of future antiviral therapeutics. In fact, metabolism is considered as a crucial player in the cascade of viral interactions, its modulation is essential to decide the final outcome of viral infection. Here, we concisely present how viruses alter the metabolic pathways for thei...
Pin Lyu1, Xiangxian Chen2* andQinlong Liu3*
...ssion, skeletal muscle regeneration, control of skeletal muscle fibrosis and muscular tissue re-construction. The skeletal muscular structure and C-reactive protein level could reflect the recovery process after skeletal muscles injury with high sensitivity in groups with the four different rehabilitation methods. 
...
Bo Zhang1, Changbo Zhu1, Zihao Meng1,4, Baosuo Liu1, Lian Zhong3, Guiju Huang1, Jiaqi Su1, Sigang Fan1 and Dahui Yu1,2,*
Songhao Zhang1, Yiwen Gong1, Jian Xu1, Mou Hu2, Peng Xu3 and Yanliang Jiang1,2,4,*
...of 434 million reads was generated, resulted in 203,590 assembled contigs, which was used as the reference sequences. Comparing the skin and blood transcriptome files showed that 2,767 unigenes were significantly differentially expressed, including 1,663 genes up-regulated and 1,806 down-regulated in purse red carp. Moreover, gene pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes was conducted. We proposed the skin color and body shape depended upon at le...
Hong Ma*, Bo Fu, Liang Wang, Zhong-qiu Li and Di Liu*

 

...mbryonic development, we generated transgenic porcine embryos by handmade cloning. We then assessed the embryonic developmental rate at cleavage and blastocyst stages. Our results showed that the HSPC117 transgenic embryos had markedly higher cleavage and blastocyst rates when compared to the embryos with pcDNA 3.1 vector, (69.7 ± 3.5% vs. 64.6 ± 1.8%, and 24.8 ± 2.2% vs. 15.9 ± 4.3%, respectively). However, bla...
Rabia Khalid1, Saleema Bashir Shams1, Bibi Nazia Murtaza1,*, Gaitee Joshua1, Saira Mushtaq1, Hassan Al-Talhi2 and Abdulaziz Al-Amri2
...besity was 67.53% and in general population it was 57.1%. The mean values of body mass index (BMI) for bank employees and control population was 24.10± 0.5 kg/m2 and 20.43±1.0 kg/m2, respectively. Analysis of the components of metabolic syndrome demonstrate an abnormal level of low density lipoproteins (LDL) 24.4% and 17.5%, total cholesterol 15% and 7.8%, triglycerides 17.35% and 8.8%, fasting blood glucose 24.49% and 16.5%...
Zhimin Yuan1, Yan Yu2, Yanmei Wang1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...e two dominant bacterial genera in the stomach, accounting for 46.1% and 7.4% of total bacteria, respectively. Sphingomonas and Mycobacterium were the two dominant genera in the intestine, accounting for 10.5% and 7.3% of total bacteria, respectively. Furthermore, the results revealed that H. alaschanicus carried a large number of human pathogens and thus should be the subject of greater study to prevent...

Abdul A. Mirani1,2*, Chee H. Teo2, Adel A. Abul-Soad3, Ghulam S. Markhand1, Tahira Jatt1, Ameer A. Mirbahar1,4, Najamuddin Solangi

...entage of true-to-type regenerants. 

...
Lusha Liu1,*, Lei Cheng2, Xingqi Zhang3, Yulong Li1 and Jianping Jiang1,*
...,385 unigenes which were generated by Illumina paired-end sequencing in M. fissipes. Within all microsatellites, AG/CT, AAG/CTT, and AAAG/CTTT are most prevalent motif in each repeat class. We randomly selected 61 unigenes with the microsatellite to design primers and do genetic analysis in the Sichuan basin population of M. fissipes. Of all, 35 primer pairs (57.38%) successfully amplificated in M. fissipes, of which 14 (40.00%) were polym...

Wesam Mady*, Nahed Yehia, Mohammed Hassan Elhussieny, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Moataz Mohamed El Sayed, Neveen Rabie Bakry, Asmaa Shaaban, Abdel Satar Arafa, Afaf Abdel Baset Mahmoud and Wafaa Mohammed Hassan 

Saeed Murtaza1,*, Nazir Ahmad2, Muhammad Asif Raza3, Muhammad Saleem Akhtar1, Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz4, Muhammad Ali5 and Rais Ahmed6
...epididymis, testicular degeneration with or without mineralization, testicular abscesses and chronic epididymitis. In early stages, sperm granuloma appeared as an anechoic mass with ill-defined border. In advanced stages, it exhibited a mixture of anechoic and hyperechoic areas, encircled by a thick hyperechoic border. In early cases of testicular degeneration, testicular parenchyma showed reduced echogenicity. However, in a...
Wen-Feng Li1, Rong-Yue Zhang1, Chun-Hua Pu2, Jiong Yin1, Zhi-Ming Luo1, Xiao-Yan Wang1, Xiao-Yan Cang1, Hong-Li Shan1 and Ying-Kun Huang1,*
...ng regions in Yunnan. In general, these natural enemies can be divided into two groups: parasites and predators. The dominant species include Apanteles flavipes (Cameron), Sturmiopsis inferens Townsend and Trichogramma sp., which parasitize the sugarcane borer; Synonycha grandis (Thunberg), Lemnia biplagiata (Swartz), Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) and Thiallela sp., which prey on Ceratovacuna lanigera <...
Naheed Ikram and Nafisa Shoaib*
.../i>sp. from 14 different genera of commercially important marine fishes Acanthopagrus sp. Parastromateus niger, Nemipterus sp., Pampus argenteusIlisha sp., Alepes djedabaEpinephelus sp., Teraponjarbua, Terapon puta, Scomberomorus koreanus, Epinephelus coioides, Lutjanus sp., Pomadasys sp. and Lutjanus johnii procuredfrom Kemari fish harbor (Pakistan). Ou...

Ayub Khan* and Ghaffar Ali 

... sufficient funds can be generated from local farming community to implement the suggested program, and in this direction the concerned government and non-government organizations can play key role in educating and mobilizing farmers 

...
Ghaleb Adwan*, Sami Bdir and Kamel Adwan
...I could be placed in the genera Lecithodendrium and Opecoeloides, respectively, or to closely related genera. Further studies are needed using laboratory experimental infections to clarify the complete life cycle for these larval trematode species.
...

Muhammad Noman, Yong Tong Mu*, Muhammad Mohsin, Aamir Mahmood Memon and Muhammad Talib Kalhoro

...hery resource for future generations.
...
Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1,2,*
...and hyperglycemia due to general anesthesia. Seventy-five albino female mice (21.74 ± 0.19) were distributed into three groups; control (G1; N=25; not receive N. sativa oil) and two N. sativa oil groups supplemented with either 1.0% (G2; N=25) or 2.0% (G3; N=25) for 30 days. Changes of body temperature, heart rate, blood parameters (RBCs, WBCs, hematocrit, hemoglobin, glucose and total protein), oocyte quality after ovarian transplantation...

Muhammad Amin1,2*, Khalid Mahmood2 and Imran Bodlah3 

...mic studies on aphids in general and tree dwelling aphids in particular have received much less attention in Pakistan with to-date no work reported from Azad Kashmir-Pakistan, where natural tree flora abounds and silviculture is common. Surveys conducted during 2015-2016 in the Poonch Division of Azad Kashmir-Pakistan, yielded 24 aphid species in 14 genera, representing subfamilies, Aphidinae, Lachninae, Calaphidinae, Hormap...

Durr-e-Nayab*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil, Fida Mohammad and Shad Khan Khalil 

...ate plantings. There was general reduction in mean performance of genotypes for important yield component traits due to late planting but the magnitude of reduction varied over genotypes and traits. Mean of 29 genotypes (9 parents and 20 F1 hybrids) were 18.0 vs. 7.4 for spikes plant-1, 23.4 vs. 20.5 for spikelets spike-1, 70.2 vs. 51.6 for grains spike-1, 47.7 vs. 40.4 g for 1000-grain weight and 35.6 vs.19.6 g for grain yield plant-1 under normal and late pl...

Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Mian Anjum Murtaza2, Ejaz Ahraf3, Zahoor Hussain4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1 and Maryam Riaz1 

...nt study showed that CLM generated larger mines; 1.64 cm2 on Grapefruit, 1.44 cm2 on Kinnow and 1.40 cm2 on Succari compared to other five cultivars. However, the percent leaf damage due to the feeding of CLM larvae was observed higher 44.2% on Fairchild, 36.5% on seedless Kinnow, 36.3% on Feutrell’s early and 35.8% on Kinnow that showed great susceptibility to CLM. Smallest mines generated by CLM larvae were found on ...
Gul Afshan1,2,*, Soumble Zulfiqar2, Sumaira Mehboob2, Muhammad Tahir Javed Khan1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,*
...e sequence, out of which general and specific differences were 93 (9%) and 47 (4%), respectively. The general differences usually occur in common population while the specific differences are present only in some cases. The 3D structure of E2 was determined. Protein docking with appropriate ligand revealed that V342 and L349 residues were involved in the ligand binding. Interaction of HCV3a infected human sera with HCV3a E2 ...

Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Syeeda Areeba Gillani1, Syed Shehzad Hassan1, Muneeb Aamir1, Muhammad Saifullah1, Mubashar Basheer1, Atif Ahmad1, Saif-ul-Rehman2 and Tariq Ali1 

...d and red wavelengths to generate Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) datasets. The annual NDVI and RVI based rice yields were compared with CRS based yield records by applying linear regression and generated yield equations. Rice area was estimated using satellite datasets of 11-years by applying supervised classification to 15 bands composite. The satellite extracted areas under r...
Muhammad Saleem Hanif1, Khalid Javed Iqbal1,*, Arshad Javid3, Noor Khan2, Irfan4, Hamid Majeed5, Muhammad Altaf3
... of living as well as in generating brilliant mind towards global economy. 
...

Wajid Khan* and Raziuddin 

... full diallel fashion to generate 56 F1 crosses. These parental genotypes and their F1 hybrids were evaluated during 2015/16 in the field at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. Mean squares revealed significant genetic variability among parents and their F1 crosses for days to maturity, primary branches plant-1, pods main raceme-1, 1000-seed weight and seed yield plant-1, signifying the occurrence of considerable variability in the tested materi...

Mustasim Famous*, Obaidul Islam, Shameema Khatun, Mohammed Mustafizur Rahman and Tania Ferdoushi 

...tensive system (50%) was generally practiced by the rural farmers. They have very little idea about breed and variety of turkey and prevention of diseases of turkey. But farmers have very little knowledge about turkey management procedure. There is no specific feeding standard for turkey. Farmers used to feed their turkey according to broiler and layer feeding manual. So, research needed to improve the status of turkey. 

...
Abdul Waheed1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Junaid Akhtar4, Muhammad Saeed5, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed6 and Shah Jahan7,*
... resistant against third generation cephalosporin and Aztreonam. Notably, 15% of ESBL producing strains harbored blaSHV gene while 43% were positive for blaOXA gene. In a nutshell, diverse variety of ESBL-positive GNRs is distributed, the findings of the present study should be considered for planning strategies to treat and prevent the further spread of ESBL-producing gram-negative rods infections.
...

Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad2 

...ext-align: justify;">The general response of plants to soil and water salinity depends upon climate, soil characteristics, topography and management strategies. Water, even may be saline, is becoming more precious natural resource. Hence, there should be more crops and jobs per drop while conserving the quality of present terrestrial and groundwater. Saline water has been used for production of fodder and forages in many countries. Managing soil and water sali...
Yacheng Hu1,2, Xueqing Liu1,2, Jing Yang1,2, Kan Xiao1,2, Binzhong Wang1,2 and Hejun Du1,2,*
...squo;s sturgeon via next-generation sequencing from Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). The 17 microsatellites were polymorphic with 3 to 6 alleles per locus and the total number of alleles is 80. The mean expected heterozygosity (HE, 0.506 to 0.781), observed heterozygosity (HO, 0.542 to 1), Hardy-Weinberg departure value (d, -0.042 to 0.427), polymorphic information content (PIC, 0.482 to 0.753) and...
Mohammed Al Bratty1,*, Hassan A. Alhazmi1,2, Desam Nagarjuna Reddy3, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab3, Sadique A. Javed1 and Zia ur Rehman1,4
... bacteria and yeasts. In general, significant antimicrobial activity was recorded against gram positive bacteria (zone of inhibition: 16.3±0.35–30.6±0.11 mm; MICs: 1–4 μg/ml); while gram negative bacteria (zone of inhibition: 10.1±0.23–17.2±0.13 mm; MICs: 4–16 μg/ml) and yeasts (zone of inhibition: 9.1±0.23–18.7±0.10 mm; MICs: 2–16 μg/ml) showed comparatively lower susceptib...
Aqsa Pervaiz1*, Rukhshanda Afridi1, Zahra Pervaiz1, Rabia Masood1 and Hira Pervaiz2
...observed in liver were degeneration of hemopoietic tissue, destruction of hepatocytes, degeneration of bile duct, inflammatory infiltration, vacuolization, pyknosis, presence of MMCs and necrosis in hepatocytes. It can be concludedthat methylmercury has harmful effects on histology of liver of fish. Therefore, the present work suggests that the exposure to the methylmercury should be prevented to avoid injurious health hazar...
Jiaxin Guo1, Xiumei Zhang1,2, Xiaoyan Wang2, Liqin Liu2 and Tianxiang Gao1,*
... In this study, next-generation sequencing and de novo assembly were used for potential useful microsatellite markers obtaining of S. japonica. A total of 120 microsatellite markers were designed and tested, 25 primer pairs showed polymorphism among S. japonica individuals. Number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 2 to 8, 0.083 to 0.922 and 0.042 to 0.866, respectively. The PIC ranged from 0.04 to 0...

Ahmed Zia1*, Iqtidar Hussain2, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Shabir Ahmad2, Muzaffar Shah3 and Abdul Rauf Bhatti1 

...d four families, fifteen genera and twenty-six species. Among recorded fauna, family Libellulidae appeared to be a dominant group representing 19 species, followed by family Coenagrionidae with 5 species and family Calopterygoidae and Aeshnidae representing single species each. Being a flying insect group, seasonal surveys and temporal data collection for odonates in this ecologically rich area can surely bring forward important information for the migratory s...

Muhammad Khuram Razzaq1,2*, Saeed Rauf1, Mohsin Khurshid3, Shahid Iqbal1,4, Javaid Akhter Bhat2, Ayaz Farzand5, Adeel Riaz1,6, Guangnan Xing2 and Junyi Gai

 

...ility in the segregating generation warrants good selection response. Moreover, magnitude and type of genetic variation associated with pollen viability also important in improving the trait and breeding procedures to be adapted for the improvement of trait per se. Genetic studies results under heat stress in sunflower showed additive to partial dominance towards higher pollen viability in the inheritance showing that trait can be improved through selection in...

Hala Rajab1, Muhammad Sayyar Khan1*, Safdar Hussain Shah1 and Syed Mehar Ali Shah2 

...thod led to successful regeneration of shoots on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing BAP 3 mgL-1 and developed roots in ½ MS media supplemented with IBA 3 mgL-1 in case of OSCAR cultivar. Successful selection of transgenic lines was achieved using selective antibiotic kanamycin 50 mgL-1. NtSAT4 gene integration into the plants genome was confirmed by PCR using the NtSAT4 gene specific primers. The positive transgenic lines were successfully accli...

Umar Hayat1*, Shahid Ali1, Abdul Mateen2 and Hazrat Bilal

...these sectors for income generation activities which will provide a solution to the key economic issues in the country to meet the sustainable development targets of United Nations 

...
Haq Aman Ullah1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2, Aqeel Javeed3, Muqadder Shah1 and Ikramul Haq1
...ses injurious effects on general health status of lactating goats.
...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Sehrish Kanwa1, Asma Chaudhary2, Ayesha Siddiqua1
...lone antibiotic of third generation, is widely used to treat respiratory and genitourinary infections. Keeping in view the controversy about its toxicity, current study was conducted to assess the levofloxacin induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and its likely noxious effects on spermatogenesis in mammals. Forty mice, randomly categorized into four groups (N=10) were administered orally with different concentrations of levofloxacin (0.00, 9.37, 18.75 and 37...
Peng Chen1,2, Zuhao Huang3,Chaoying Zhu1, Yuqing Han1, Zhifeng Xu1
Guanglong Sun1, Zhen Zhang1, Dongqin Zhao4, Gang Ge1 and Luzhang Ruan1*
... study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to obtain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Porzana paykullii, Rallus aquaticus and Gallirallus striatus in Gruiformes, and Hydrophasianus chirurgus in Charadriiformes, after which we analysed and compared structure, phylogeny, and taxonomic origin of the Gruiformes and Charadriiformes. Based on sequencing, splicing, and annotating the mtDNA of four birds, the results showed that the ...

Sanaullah1, Fazli Rabbi2*, Shahid Ali2, Zeeshan Khan3 and Muhammad Zamin4 

...97 million US$) could be generated as consumer surplus. The poisson regression estimates show that visitors’ frequency to the site is significantly affected by traveling cost, gender, and visitors’ perception of the quality of the site. The policy should legislate to introduce payment system for visiting the tourist site to generate funds for its development. Moreover, development programs shall be initiated to a...
Qamar Zeb1*, Silvia I. Rondon2, Hayat Badshah,1 and Arsalan Khan1
...ost common predators. In general, aphids were reported in all wheat cultivars. Cultivar Saleem-2000 presented the highest number of aphids per tiller (9.1), while Gomal-2008 presented the lowest (1.9). Based on aphid presence per tiller, no cultivar was found to be Susceptible or Highly Susceptible, but 1 cultivar was found to be Moderate Susceptible, 8 Moderate Resistant, 9 Resistant, and 2 Immune. Rate of parasitism and predation increased when aphid density...
Zübeyde Kumbıçak1,* and Hatice Poyraz2
... autosomal bivalents and generally one chiasma per bivalent (rarely two chiasmata) were obtained, the types of chiasmata were proximal, interstitial and terminal. In second meiotic division, two types of nuclei were showed as n=12 and n=10 chromosomes. Considering our results and previously obtained data in other ground spider species, the conventional staining provide important chromosome markers for karyotype evolution in gnaphosids and chromosome structure ...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1,3, Hussain Ali1, Ejaz Ur Rehman1 and 
Muhammad Ali Nawaz1, 2*
...animals are harvested to generate economic revenues for poor mountain communities, which in turn protects the entire population and associated ecosystem from illegal massive hunting. The present study successfully tested CMR method, and produced reliable and accurate estimate of the population, which could help in determining sustainable trophy quota.
...
Sajida Rasool1, Saba Irshad1*, Neelam Saba1, Mehak Fiaz1Muhammad Sajid Hussain2, MuhammadWajid Hussain3 and Peter Nürnberg2

 

...linically diverse neurodegenerative ailments with distinguishing feature of lower limbs spasticity and upper motor neuron degeneration. BICD2 is an adaptor protein which regulates the cellular trafficking of cargo molecules crucial for motor neuron growth and maturation. In present study, a Pakistani family of HSP penetrating in autosomal recessive pattern was ascertained. Patients presented spasticity and stiffness of upper...

Muhammad Sohail1*, Imtiaz Hussain2, Maqsood Qamar2, Sikander Khan Tanveer2, Syed Haider Abbas2, Zeshan Ali1 and Muhammad Imtiaz3 

...and drought stresses are generally considered main wheat yield limiting factors in rainfed environment, especially during reproductive growth stages. However, variability might exist among wheat genotypes in response to stressful conditions. The objective of the study was to test the climatic adaptability potential of the wheat genotypes using canopy temperature measurement as physiological indicator. The trial was comprised of forty spring wheat genotypes whi...
Ibrahim Tapki1*, Huseyin Bahadir Ozalpaydin2, Nuran Tapki3, Mehmet Aslan4 and Muhammet Hanifi Selvi1
...ing blood parameters and general health status of Holstein Friesian calves. Twenty-eight Holstein Friesian calves were allocated into three groups: (a) Control calves were fed with whole milk (n=10), (b) OreganoLow (n=9), and (c) OreganoHigh (n=9) calves were fed with whole milk, plus 100 and 150 mg/l oregano essential oil per kg milk respectively. The amount of the milk offered on daily basis was calculated as 10% of each calf live weight and was given in two...
Sameh S. Tawfik, Ahmed A. Elkady* and Ehab T. Mohamed
...ge with or without few degenerative changes. TSE acts as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug to prevent and/ or ameliorates the hazardous-effects of γ-rays
...
Nurlybay Kazhgaliyev1*, Talgat Kulmagambetov2, Dulat Ibrayev1, Saule Bostanova1 and Zhanat Titanov1
...rd heifers of the second generation at the age 18-22 months was 378.5 and 375.2 kg which was 8.7 and 20.6 kg (2.2-5.4%) higher than that of Aberdeen-Angus herd-mates. Chemical analysis of feedstuff was carried out in Altyndan LLP and AKA whereas physiological and clinical indicators of second-generation heifer calves were within the normal range in various seasons. The highest thermal resistance index was in animals of group...

Bamigboye Olutoyin Omolara1, Fapohunda Funmilayo Omotoyosi1, Oladipo Elijah Kolawole1,2, Oni Mattthew Olujenyo1, Ajibade Oluwatosin Akinola1, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin1* 

...BcAb while using a third generation ELISA kit for screening. The mean CD4+ count and age were 479.12 ± 23.48 cells/µl and 48.56 ± 1.27 years, respectively. Only six samples out of ninety-three HIV-positive samples were positive to HBsAg while fifty-four samples (58.1%) were positive for HBcAb however, HBeAg marker was negative among all samples. Interestingly, the prevalence of the HBV infection was more in females (66.6%) compared to the m...
Ahsan Anjum1, Asim Aslam1, Raheela Akhtar1, Tahir Yaqub2,  Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Rizwana Sultan3, Saba Usman1Aneela Zameer Durrani4 and Muhammad Usman4*
...es, necrosis and other degenerative changes were observed in tissue samples of infected cattle. Significantly higher (P<0.05) micro-pathological lesion scores were given to lungs, kidney and lymph node samples from infected cattle as compared to those of non-infected ones. In conclusion, CBPP, being a major factor affecting cattle production and associated economics, warrants the implementation of control measures to mitigate the economic losses associated ...
Haroon1,2, Yu-Feng Meng1, Zahid Khan1, Farzana Perveen2, Muhammad Ather Rafi3, Sayed Waqar Shah4, Xiao-Hong Su1 and Lianxi Xing1,*
Dilara Abbas Bukhari*, Mehwish Faheem, Shamoona Arshad and Khalid P. Lone
...l organs like kidney. In general female physiological system seems to be more prone to damage caused by these diets as compared to male physiological system.
...
Bhandari Jyoti1,2, Yasen Shali3, Zhang Zehua4, Yao Xiaoho5, Deng Jiang3, Zhang Yaling5, Wang Cuiling5, Li Yang5, Lei Xueping5, Wang Wenfeng5, Mohammad Farooque Hassan6 and Li Can1,*
...ring summer (June/July), generating two incomplete generations a year in meadow and one generation a year in farmland. The Iwao’s M*-m regression analysis, Taylor’s power law and aggregation cause analysis showed an aggregated distribution pattern for L. m. tibetensis Chen. It is concluded that insect behavior and environmental conditions co-influence the population dens...
Ramazan İlgün1*, Nilgün Kuru2, Ferhan Bölükbaş3 and Fatih Mehmet Gür4
...scope, and photos of the general histologic structures were taken. The tongue was triangular shaped, and consisted of apex, corpus, and radix sections. The dorsal and ventral surfaces of the tongue were covered by a keratinised stratified squamous epithelium. Lamina propria and submucosal layers were distinguishable underneath the epitelium. SEM observations of surface of the radix linguae revealed conical papillae and tongue caudally directed lingual papillae...
Nafeesa Batool1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi1, Nida Aziz1, Ali Hussain2 and Syed Zawwar Hussain Shah3
...Co-AD upturns the biogas generation efficiency. Thus, we can conclude that BMP assays are extremely useful to determine the amount of bio-methane and bio-degradability of the organic substrates and would facilitate in the preliminary selection systems for the field scale applications especially in framework of developing countries.
...

Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehman2*, Farhana Khaliq1, Amar Razzaq3, Mudassar Yasin4, Ghulam Mustafa5, Allah Bakhsh6 and Raheel Saqib7 

Muhammad Ilyas1, Sardar Ali Khan1, Shahid Iqbal Awan1, Shafiq-ur-Rehman1, Waqar Ahmed1, Muhammad Riaz Khan2, Raja Mohib Muazzam Naz2, Muhammad Mohib Ullah Khan3 and Sumaira Hafeez1* 

...ls in basic experimental generations. Initially, 108 inbred lines of maize were planted in two separate trails under water deficit and normal irrigation conditions in the experimental field of Department of Plant Breeding and Molecular Genetics. Selection of parents for further study was done with regards to grain yield and its component traits. Broad range of genetic diversity was shown by the inbred lines and displayed different levels of drought tolerance. ...

Muhammad Ilyas1*, Sardar Ali Khan1, Shahid Iqbal Awan1, Shafiq-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Riaz Khan2 and Sumaira Hafeez1 

...lected inbred lines. Six generations as P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 were prepared for both the crosses to calculate heterosis and inbreeding depression for Randomized Complete Block Design under split plot arrangement. Highly significant inbreeding depression was recorded for all traits indicating a dominant type of gene action. Heterosis was high for both crosses along with high inbreeding depression. All these results exhibit that the hybrid breeding is the ...
Riffat Sultana1, Nuzhat Soomro1,*, Santosh Kumar2, Ahmed Ali Samejo1 and Samiullah Soomro1
Syed Basit Rasheed*, Ahmad Yar, Farrah Zaidi and Qaisar Jamal
... species representing 11 genera and three subfamilies namely Formicinae, Myrmicinae and Dolichoderinae were identified during the present study. Myrmicinae was the most diverse subfamily with five genera (Crematogaster, Meranoplus, Messor, Monomorium and Pheidole) and 11 species (Crematogaster subnuda, Meranoplus bicolor, Messor instabilis, Monomorium aberrans, Mo. dichroum, Mo. indicum, Pheidole binghami, P...
Seval Dernekbasi* and Emin Karatas
...(mainly EPA and DHA) was generally decreased in the fillets of the CO, SFO, CSFO groups compared to the FO group. The proportions of n-3 PUFA in the fillets of the FO/CO, FO/SFO and FO/CSFO groups throughout the experimental period were significantly higher than in the CO, SFO, CSFO groups, confirming the major effect of the fish oil intake at the cycled feeding stages of the experiment. This study shows that cycled feeding regimes by diets including vegtable ...

Amjad Usman1*, Arshad Khan1, Ruidar Ali Shah2 and Toheed Iqbal3 

...rded after June 22nd. In general, Roma supported lowest no. (4.16±0.23) of S. dorsalis plant-1 and Riogrande supported the highest (4.89±0.25) S. dorsalis plant -1 and were found comparatively resistant and susceptible respectively. There were more glandular trichomes than non-glandular trichomes on leaves. Among the glandular trichomes, Type IV was the most abundant followed by Type VI whereas Type I and VII were rarely found on the leaf of the ...

Bahadar Sher Khattak1, Muhammad Kaleem1, Waqas2*, Humaira Naz1 and Muhammad Yasir

...t in establishing income generating entrepreneurs, purchased quality seeds, fertilizers and small scale modern technology. These innovations brought substantial enhancement in their farm productivity and income that ultimately improved those farmers’ socioeconomic position. However, 16.7% of the respondents’ remains deprived of acquiring the micro-credit facilities of the project where no change in their livelihood conditions was observed. Overall,...

Hina Maryam1, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Ahmed Zia1, Ghulam Rasul3, Muhammad Kamal Sheikh3*, Muhammad Qasim4 and Gulnaz Parveen

.... Total 18 species of 14 genera under seven families of orders Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera were identified. Order Diptera was represented by family Syrphidae with four species under three genera. Order Hymenoptera represented four families i.e. Apidae with six species under four genera; Halictidae with two species under two genera; Megachilidae ...
Jing Zhang1,2, Xin Wang2, Yun Zhao2, Yongcheng Jin2, Yongfeng Zhou2, Junmei Wang2, Yurong Fu2, Rui Wang2, Ruihua Li2, Hengtong Fang2 and Hao Yu2,*
...osal Mucin-1, Mucin-2, regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma (Reg3γ), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were significantly downregulated. The mRNA expression levels of mucosal β-defensin, regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha (Reg3a), regenerating islet-derived protein 3 beta (Reg3β) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels were significantly increased. The inte...

Muhammad1*, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Syed Akhtar Ali Shah1 

...62.5%) of solid waste is generated from domestic sources followed by commercial (26.9%), institutions (5.8%) and industrial (2.9%) sources. While the majority of respondents (81%) were concerned about the unsafe disposal of solid waste and are willing to pay for organic fertilizer alternative to chemical fertilizer for urban agriculture. We also found that socio-economic variables namely education, monthly expenses, and agriculture farm size positively affect ...
Mohammad Ejaz1, Salma Javed2, Muhammad Hamza1, Sadia Tabassum2, Muhammad Abubakar3, Irfan Ullah4*
...rganized to describe the general study of natural bioactive molecules or secondary metabolites secreted by fungal endophytes as novel sources of anticancer drugs. The main purpose of this review is to organize the effective compound of the fungal endophytes for cancer treatments. 
...

Fazli Ahad1, Raziuddin1, Nazir Ahmad1,2*, Muhammad Nauman1, Touheed Iqbal3, Nabeel Khan1, Fazli Hameed4 and Quaid Hussain2 

...e effective in the early generation for the improvement of these traits. Correlation analysis indicated that flowering (rp=0.45), primary branches plant-1 (rp=0.49), main raceme length (rp=0.41), seeds pod-1 (rp=0.41) and 1000-seed weight (rp=0.38) had positive and significant association with seed yield plant-1. Genotypes, DH4, DH5, DH8, CA5 × DH6, CA5 × DH7, CA5 × DH3, and CA2 × DH7 displayed well genetic potential for the majority of...

Grigory Antonovich Nozdrin1*, Regina Gabdrahmanovna Utkina2, Anastasia Aleksandrovna Lelyak2 and Yana Viktorovna Novik1 

... µl/kg. During the general autopsy, no pathologic changes of internal organs were observed in the fowl in the experimental groups. At the end of the research, Vetom 20.76 was classified as a substance of Toxic Class 4 according to GOST 12.1.007-76 Occupational safety standards system, 1976. 

...

Rabia Iqbal, Muhammad Naeem*, Samrah Masud and Abir Ishtiaq 

...tion parameters revealed generally in different feeds an increasing trend in total protein, total ash and total organic content, while a decreasing trend in total fat content. Total length in all (T1, T2, T3) feeds observed no influence on total water content, total protein content and total organic content, while an influence on ash content and total fat content was observed. 

...

Muhammad Usman Saleem, Nadeem Iqbal, Shawaiz Iqbal*, Usama Bin Khalid, Adila Iram, Muhammad Akhter, Tahir Latif and Tahir Hussain Awan 

...stan, after wheat and is generally cultivated through raising nursery seedlings and transplanting them in puddled soils. Declining surface water, high cost of pumped groundwater, high labor costs, and drudgery in manually transplanted rice (TPR) have motivated researchers to develop alternated technology such as direct seeded rice (DSR). About 30% of total water used in rice cultivation is consumed for puddling of soil (land preparation) and transplanting oper...

Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehman2*, Iftikhar Nabi3, Amar Razzaq4, Raheel Saqib5, Allah Bakhsh6, Muhammad Mohibullah7 and Muhammad Luqman

Arifa Savanur1,*, Tallat Naz1,2, Tayyaba Hamid1,3, Syed Abid Ali4, Mian Jahangir1,3 and Muhammad Abdul Azeem4
...lement (CE). Reptiles in general and Uromastix in particular have been less investigated regarding the mechanical responses and the characteristics of elastic elements of their visceral muscle tissues. Therefore, a comparative study was conducted to determine the mechanical properties of esophageal and intestine tissue strips of Uromastix hardwickii. Tissues were subjected to electrical stimulation in order to observe the graded mechanical...
Xiuqing Hao1, Zhe Hong2, Huili Gao1, Fumin Tian1, Hongke Zhang3, Yu Zhou3, Yuming Guo3, Guang Yang1,* and Bingyao Chen1,*
...nowledge. The best model generated the seabirds’ density of 11.47 (95% confidence interval 6.90-19.05) individuals/km2 and 1.94 (1.27 - 2.95) individuals/km2, respectively in Beihai and Shatian. The coefficient of variation value of 20.42% and 25.43% showed moderate accuracy. The Beihai and Shatian seabird communities had similar fixed kernel home range. Seabirds’ distribution largely overlapped with various vessels’ con...

Abdur Rehman1*, Sajjad Ahmad1, Ahmed Zia2, Asad Ali3, Kiran Shahjeer4, Abdul Latif1 and Taimur Khan

...ealed 23 species from 15 genera under 3 families. The abundant family was recorded as Libellulidae that was comprised of 19 species belonging to 11 genera, family Gomphidae included 3 species belonging to 3 genera and family Aeshnidae included one species belonged to one genus. Detailed description of each species, valid scientific names, their habitat, ecological observation, collection d...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Saliha Khalid1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Ayesha Iqbal1, Muhammad Ameen1
...e specimens belonging to genera Pachyportax and Selenoportax. The available information on both taxa is scanty and only few specimens are known for both genera especially Pachyportax. The members of both genera have medium to large sized body with strong hypsodonty of teeth representing grazing on coarse grasses and shrubs in the Late Miocene Siwalik habitats of Potwar...
Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Imran Bodlah1*, Ammara Gull e Fareen1,2, Muhammad Shakeel Khokhar1
... genus are considered as generalized foragers and cryptic in nature. Collected material was verified using most recent and available literature provided by Bharti and Akbar (2014). Herein we report one species of this genus C. raja (Forel, 1902) based on queen for the first time from Himalayan Foothills of Pakistan. Differential diagnosis, morphometric and illustrati...

Muhammad Medrar Hussain*, Asad Jan* and Sayyar Khan Kazi 

...transgenic plants were regenerated and established in greenhouse. For the evaluation of OsTZF8 gene role in drought stress tolerance, two weeks old rice seedling were subjected to drought stress. OsTZF8-OX transgenic indica line A and B displayed 69% and 64% survival rates respectively compared to 33% of control. These results confirmed that due to overexpression of OsTZF8 gene, transgenic line A and B displayed considerable level of drought stress tolerance. ...

Filza Fatima Rizvi1, Muhammad Umair1, Muhammad Kahlid Jamil2*, Masooma Hassan2, Komal Qayyum1 and Syed Mohsin Raza Kazmi

...nt, living standards and generation of wealth of any country. Globally, energy generation scenario is shifting towards renewable sources and its application in different sectors for example Agriculture. Oil, gas and coal. The same is true for Pakistan that has agriculture based economy. The present study was undertaken to review energy consumption in the agriculture sector of Pothohar region of Pakistan. This region has no p...

Ghani Akbar*, Muhammad Asif, Zafar Islam and Shahid Hameed 

...gligibly adopted and are generally considered as late time solutions. Although furrow bed irrigation, a relatively more efficient irrigation method, has been adopted, especially for row crops but decision support guidelines for their appropriate installation and management is very limited, thus potential benefits of furrow beds are yet to be achieved on Pakistani farms. Consequently, water productivity of major crops is below global average in
Fehmina Ashraf1*, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Shaukat Ali3, Muhammad Khan1
... plants and in different genera of fungi. Laccases have been purified by various methods. It involves in di-oxygen to water reduction and 1e- oxidation of phenolic and its allied parts. Laccases are mostly used in different industries like food, paper and pulp, pharmaceutical and textile etc. Both laccases and mediators have been used in different process like delignification of pulp. Laccases from bacterial species are used in dye decolouration and biobleachi...

Md. Al-Amin Tan1, Mst. Antora Akter1, Md. Sabuj Rahman1, Marzia Rahman2 and Md. Mahmudul Alam1* 

...ne gluconate solution to generate aseptic surgical site which is very basic to prevent SSI and postoperative complications. 

...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1 and Onyemocho Audu2 

...and its affordability to general population to curb the catastrophic cost of managing the epidemic. However, the diagnosis of HCV infection is faced with several challenges, therefore there is a demand for development of easy to use and inexpensive molecular methods for accurate diagnosis. The sub-Saharan Africa HCV genotypes distribution are diverse, but genotype I is the most common. This review highlights the need for more robust surveillance studies with i...

Yasir Iftikhar1, Mustansar Mubeen1,2*, Waqas Raza1, Qaiser Shakeel3, Waseem Abbas1, Shehzad Iqbal1 and Ashara Sajid

...uded that PLRV incidence generally influenced by environmental factors and aphid population. It is proposed that PLRV can be managed through resistant varieties and monitoring of aphid population. 

...

Pravin Mishra1, Md. Muket Mahmud2, Md. Ahosanul Haque Shahid2, Alamgir Hasan2, Vivek Kumar Yadav3 and Moinul Hasan1* 

...ans, health-workers, and general people regarding the situation of antibiotic resistance. As maggot helps in the reduction of bacteria, this can be used as medical therapy in the case of a different wound. 

...

A.N. Ashfaque1, F. Shahina1 and S. Dawar2

 

Diversity of nematode fauna associated with cotton fields of high temperature areas of Sindh, Pakistan
...ation among all nematode genera in particular but no correlation have been found establish between genera with reference to temperature fluctuation during studied years.

...

M. Rufai1† , A. A.Wahab2 , Q. O. Adeshina1 , J. C. Umehokoh1 and O. O.Ologunro1

Occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria
...es, they belonged to the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. Steinernema spp. was found prevalent in both cultivated and undisturbed soils. Frequency of occurrence of EPNs in the sampled soils from the different senatorial zones was determined: soil samples from the Central zone recorded the lowest prevalence 87.50% while the soil samples from Western senatorial zone revealed 91.43% presence of the EPNs. The highest frequency of occurrence of EPNs94.29% wa...

K. Osei1† , A. I. Adama1 , E. C. Tagoe2 and J. Sackey-Asante1

 

Biochar effect on nematodes and insects population density, soil improvement and yield of okra
... significance and income generation potential. Agricultural production worldwide is constrained by abiotic and biotic factors. Chemical fertilizers are usually used to solve soil infertility problems. However, chemical fertilizers are expensive and when applied continuously, degrade agricultural lands (Savci, 2012; Bhattacharyya et al., 2015). Biotic factors such as plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) and foliar insects have been implicated as major constraints to...

Sahib Khan1, Muneeza Wahid2, Muhammad Abeer Irfan1, Muhammad Naeem3, Asma Gul4, Muhammad Haseeb Zafar2

ROW LEVEL IMAGE FORGERY DETECTION TECHNIQUE USING EMBEDDED DIGITAL SIGNATURES
...hm, digital signature is generated from selected pixels of each row using selected pixels for and embedded in the least significant bits of selected pixel of the corre- sponding row of digital image. The proposed technique is powerful enough to detect different image manipulations. The results show that it can successfully detect one least significant bit alteration made in any pixel of digital image.

...

 Tajwali Khan1*, Ihtzaz Qamar1, Feroz Shah2, Kareem Akhtar2, Rehman Akhtar3

MODEL FOR FUEL DROPLET EVAPORATION IN COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF LIQUID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES
...t is not zero. A code is generated and applied. The results of the model show that
fuel droplet diameter, combustion chamber pressure, chamber diameter, mass flow rate and droplet relative velocity
with hot gas has significant effects on the life of droplet and characteristic length. Effects of chamber pressure and
diameter are more significant for larger droplet size.

...

Muhammad Ismail1, Shahid Maqsood1*, Abdul Shakoor2, Feroz Shah2 

DESIGN AND COST ANALYSIS OF MOLD MAKING FACILTY AT GHANI GLASS INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY
...try. The layout problems generally exist in the manufacturing industries. In the
industries the layout problems deals with the facilities like departments, machines etc. As a case study, this paper
presents a machine shop producing molds for local based bottles production industry. The mold making machine
shop capacity is enhanced to fulfill the annual requirement by minimizing travel distance, removal of bottlenecks
during producti...

Muhammad Amjad*1, Abdur Rafai1, Saeed Badshah1, Rafi Ullah Khan1, Sajjad Ahmad1 

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE REAL LIFE LOADINGS ON THE TI-27NB HIP BONE IMPLANT
...model of the implant was generated using CREO PARAMETRIC software. Two weight
categories 75Kg and 100 Kg with four different daily life activities stand up, sit down, knee bend and walking were
considered in this study. The FEA analysis was performed using commercial FEA software ANSYS. The implant model
was meshed using tetrahedral element type. The simulation result show that maximum stress occurs at the neck of
the implant for ea...

Kifayat Ullah*1, Tahir Mahmood2, Naeem Jan3, Zeeshan Ali4 

A NOTE ON GEOMETRIC AGGREGATION OPERATORS IN T-SPHERICAL FUZZY ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN MULTI-ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING
...ggregation operators are generalizations of the aggregation operators of IFSs and PFSs. Multi-attribute
decision making (MADM) process is comprehensively discussed in T-spherical fuzzy environment and elaborated with
a numerical example. The results obtained are analyzed and their advantages over existing structures are studied.

...

Khizar Azam1*, Abdul Shakoor1, Shahid Maqsood2, Muddasar Habib3, Muhammad Fahad4, Akhtar Zaib1 

IDENTIFICATION OF SITES FOR ESTABLISHING PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR FARMS IN PAKISTAN USING SOLAR GEOMETRY
...tility scale Solar farms generally consist of multiple arrays of Photovoltaic (PV) Panels which collect and convert
solar energy into electrical energy. Pakistan is facing a serious energy crisis. It is working on solar energy options.
Therefore, it is imperative to identify most viable sites that have a high solar radiation. We utilized solar geometry
and the Google Earth, a geographical information program to identify optimal sites for P...

Misbah Ullah1, Rehman Akhtar1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1, Khawar Naeem1 and Khizar Azam2 

FACTORS IDENTIFICATION FOR COAL BRIQUETTES MANUFACTURING USING STATISTICAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN APPROACH
... design of experiment in general and factorial
design in particular is vital in identifying these significant factors in comparison to the conventional techniques. This
paper provides a statistical approach towards manufacturing of coal briquettes in Northern Province of Pakistan.
Binder composition, pressure, particle size, and coal type are analyzed for higher calorific value and compressive
strength simultaneously. Experiments ar...

Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Hidayat Ullah Khan3, Abdul Shakoor4, Shahnaz Attaullah5, Ishrat Rahim1 

PROJECTION ETCHING OF KERATIN THIN FILMS FOR FABRICATION OF SKIN STRUCTURE USING ARF EXCIMER LASER
...l skin need
to be generated. Therefore an ArF excimer Laser wavelength (193nm) with the ability to pattern square mm areas
per pulse was used even though the maximum repetition rates are typically an order of magnitude slower. Keratin
samples with different film thicknesses were ablated with different pulses. The depth of the ablated keratin layers with
different pulses were also measured by scanning the sample using a Dektak KLA-Te...

Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Shahnaz Attaullah3, Abdul Shakoor4, Hidayat Ullah Khan5, Khan Alam5, Kausar Shaheen1 

CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFICACY OF ULTRAFAST LASER PULSES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
... of a seed laser and a regenerative amplifier. It is
important to have knowledge of these characteristics to be able to predict the transport of the beam through various
optical elements and also to analyse the subsequent interaction with materials. The whole optical intensity profile in
two dimensional space of a laser beam i.e. across the beam radius and its detailed shape has been measured and it
has been demonstrated that Ti: sa...

Nazish Huma Khan1, Mohammad Nafees1, Adila Bashir1, Farooq Ahmad1 

STUDY OF POLLUTION LAOD IN PAPER MILL EFFLUENTS AND ITS RECYCLING BY SUNDRY PLANTS AT HAYATABAD INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, PESHAWAR
...antity of waste water is generated during paper manufacturing and its direct discharge into receiving water is an
emerging concern. While the study proved that pollution level of paper mill effluents can be discouraged by recycling
of sundry plants. Therefore it is recommended to enhance the installation of sundry plants in proposed industrial estate. 

...

Shabana Rafique1, Shahnaz Parveen Khattak1, Tanveer Hussain2, Faiza Tauqeer1, Bashir Ahmad3 

EVALUATION OF FLEXURAL RIGIDITY AND ABRASION RESISTANCE OF POST AND META-FINISHED PIGMENT DYED P/C FABRICS

Farid Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Iqbal1 

DEVELOPMENT OF A TESTING RIG FOR VIBRATION AND WIND BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS
...amplifier and a function generator
are utilized to provide the desired signal for the operation of the shaker. The wind generating portion of the testing
rig comprised of a variable speed fan, a duct pipe and an anemometer. The vibration and wind producing units of
the testing rig are assembled on the same base, such that, these can operate separately as well as simultaneously.
In the testing rig ...

Muhammad Masood Tahir1, Ayyaz Hussain2, Saeed Badshah3, Qaisar Javaid2 

RULE-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF BEARING FAULTS USING CENTRAL TENDENCY OF TIME DOMAIN FEATURES
... as
references to generate rule-set for testing the unknown vibration samples. The results are evident that the proposed
RDS may be an effective alternative to the existing classifier-based fault diagnosis, even if the vibration signals are
contaminated with considerable background noise. 

...

Farid Ullah Khan*, Tashfeen Ali*, Khubroo Jamil* 

DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW VOLTAGE AC TO DC CONVERTER FOR MESO AND MICRO ENERGY HARVESTERS
...of the energy harvesters generated
voltage levels are sinusoidal or random in nature, moreover, the output voltage levels these produce are in
low (in mV range). For sensor operation, in order to convert this low AC voltage levels into relatively high DC
voltage DC, a three stage Cockcroft Walton converter is developed. The paper presents fabrication and characterization
of a 3 stage Low Voltage Cockcroft-Walton converter in an area...

Farid Ullah Khan*, Adeel Ahmed*, Uzair Khan Jadoon*, Fahim Haider* 

MODELING, SIMULATION AND FABRICATION OF AN UNDERSHOT FLOATING WATERWHEEL
...ing waterwheel for power generation
for run-of-the-river applications. For the undershot floating waterwheel, analytical modeling and simulation are performed
to estimate the optimal design parameters. Moreover, the dependence of output power on various parameters
of waterwheel is also investigated during simulations. It is found, during analysis that the water flow velocity is the
major factor affecting the output power and due to ...

Numan Habib, Naseer Ahmed, Riaz Muhammad, Himayat Ullah, Muftooh Ur Rehman, Kareem Akhtar 

ANALYSIS OF CHIP PRODUCED IN FREE MACHINING OF TI-6AL-7ZR-3NB-4MO-0.9ND AND TI-5AL-7ZR-7NB-0.7ND ALLOYS
... like aviation and power generation increased its use in many applications, not only because of its chemical properties but also because of its excellent properties including, high strength to density ratio, withstand with high stresses, better fatigue and corrosion properties and ability to resist high temperatures. However, all these properties of this alloy results in poor machinability, hence, make the automatic machining of these alloys nearly difficult...

Wisal Shah*, Muhammad Nafees**, Muhammad Iqbal***

EVALUATION OF MARBLE SLURRY WASTE FOR PREPARATION OF COMMERCIAL GRADE CEMENT
...t;">Marble processing is generating a large amount of slurry waste which poses serious impact on the environment.
This study was conducted with the objective to demonstrate the practicability of using marble slurry wastes in the
manufacturing of cement on commercial scale. Waste marble slurry was obtained from marble processing units
and compares i...

 Dr. Taimur Usman*, Dr. Rashid Rehan*, Dr. Salman Saeed*

QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF UPASS: A TRANSIT DEMAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
...p for the first time. In general, an increase of 50 % has been
observed in transit ridership due to UPass implementation and all the cities where UPass was implemented experienced
a positive change in transit ridership trends. The developed models are demonstrated through a case study
...

Muhammad Usman Shafi*, Syed Muhammad Ali**, Syed Akhtar Ali Shah***, Kamran Ahmed****

DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE OF HEAVY TRUCK LOAD DATA IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN

 Numan Habib1, Naseer Ahmed1, Riaz Muhammad1*, Himayat Ullah2, Muftooh Ur Rehman1, Kareem Akhtar3

ANALYSIS OF CHIP PRODUCED IN FREE MACHINING OF TI-6AL-7ZR-3NB- 4MO-0.9ND AND TI-5AL-7ZR-7NB-0.7ND ALLOYS
... like aviation and power generation increased its use in many applications, not only because of its chemical
properties but also because of its excellent properties including, high strength to density ratio, withstand with high
stresses, better fatigue and corrosion properties and ability to resist high temperatures. However, all these properties
of this alloy results in poor machinability, hence, make the automatic machinin...

 Fcroz Shah*~ Mohammad A. Irfan**, Rizwan Gul*~ Abdul Shakoor*

ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION FOR NUMERICAL DETECTION OF HOT SPOTS IN CASTING GEOMETRY
...s from where vectors are generated which interact with surround- ing edges, comers, curved surfaces, holes etc. of the geometry. These vectors develop a net...

 Farid Ullah Khan·

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF VIBRATION-BASED ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY HARVESTER DUE TO REDUCED AIR DAMPING
... damping is decreased by generating vacuum pressure in the cavity where the magnets are oscillating. Under a pressure of-93 kPa and when excited at an acceleration...

Farid Ullah Khan*, Sheraz Ali Khan*

A SMART STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN SYSTEM FOR DOMESTIC ELECTRIC POWER GENERATORS
...s and household electric generators. The startup and shutdown ofmost ofthe household electric generators is manual, which renders them less convenient as compared to the UPS and Solar-cell systems. A fUlly automatic electrical generator that starts and shuts down itself without any user intervention results in increased user convenience. This paper looks at the design and evaluates the res...

 Syed Asif Ali Shah*, Iftikhar Hussain*

PERFORMANCE OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN AND ITS COMPETITIVENESS CAUSE AND REMEDY
...ds GDP growth as well as generating employment. This paper reviews the performance of Pakistan’s manufacturing sector and highlights its importance in economic development of the country and analyses the reasons behind the sectors apparent lack of competitiveness. It also discusses the standing of the Pakistani manufacturing sector and its capability of producing high-tech products and its share in the global export. Data provided by GEM Pakistan has bee...

Farid Ullah Khan*

MINIATURE VIBRATION SHAKER FOR MEMS-SCALE VIBRATION-BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS APPLICATION
...ype vibration shaker for generating sinusoidal vibrations. Conventional machining is used to produce different parts of the vibration shaker. The shaker’s table is supported by zig-zag planar beams and a copper wound coil is contained at the lower portion of the shaker’s table. Alternating magnetic field of the wound coil and the magnetic field of the permanent magnet generates a sinusoidal force that causes the ...

Syed Farasat Ali Shah*, Amjad Naseer**, Rashid Rehan**

USE OF RUBBER WASTE IN CONCRETE TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION- AN OVERVIEW
...onnes of solid waste are generated every year. Managing, disposing and recycling of these waste has turned out to be a great challenge in recent times. Typically, waste generated from industrial and domestic activities is dumped in open spaces. However dumping of solid waste in open spaces is hazardous to environment; therefore researchers have explored new means to effectively manage such waste. Tyre wastes have no exceptio...
Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Usman Ali Naeem*, Muhammad Ali Shamim*, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*, Faisal Shabbir*, Jawad Hussain*
DETERIORATION OF ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT AND FLY-ASH BASED GEO-POLYMER CONCRETES DUE TO SULFATE ATTACK UNDER THE ACTION OF SULFURIC ACID AND WASTEWATER

Hazrat Hussain*, Muhammad Ibrahim**, Navid Ahmed***, Zia ul Haq**, Bashir Alam***

ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT LOAD FROM GOAML RIVER AND ITS IMPACT ON THE GOMAL ZAM DAM LIFESPAN
...the Gomal River since no generalized model has so far been developed to explain the nature of such weathering activities and all such works are situation specific. Relation between the water discharges to sediment load that it carries has been developed to signify the Gomal River catchment’s erosion. The analysis shows that the catchments is eroding at the rate of 1.67 acre-feet and the sediment water ratio is 3.0% which is the second...
Sitara Nawaz1, Shamaila Irum1, Haroon Ahmed2, Shazia Shamas1, Sadia Roshan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi4, Irfan Ullah5*, Gulnaz Parveen3*
...Out of 350 sandflies two genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were reported, P. segenti was most abundant specie and a strong positive linear correlation exists between sandflies collected and the patients reported from the area. It was observed that as the number of sandflies increased, the number of patients with Leishmaniasis increased, and as the number of sand flies decreased, the number of patients decreased. The most affected age gro...
Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Usman Ali Naeem*, Muhammad Ali Shamim*, Usman Ghani* and Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*
INVESTIGATION TO CHECK THE FEASIBILITY OF COMPOSTING FOR SMALL CITIES IN DEVELOPING WORLD: A CASE STUDY OF TAXILA CITY
...ed that almost 60-70% of generated communal waste from all three zones is organic in nature and that the composting option for such communal waste could be a more sustainable and economical solution when compared to sanitary land filling. The research findings indicated that biodegradable communal solid waste composition in small cities of developing world is suitable for composting that could help to minimize the harmful environmental impa...
Muhammad Shaheen
APPLICATION OF LABELLED K MEANS CLUSTERING FOR GIS CONTRACT AUTOMATION
...elled K Means clustering generate labels for the clusters obtained from K Means Clustering which makes this technique more decisive for text data sets. A novel application of Labeled K Means Clustering for automation of technical part of GIS contracts is given in this paper. Geographic Information System (GIS) contract which is signed between GIS service provider and a client requires an efficient tracking system during all its vital phases (development, opera...

 Uzma Nawaz1*, Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1

TECHNO-ECONOMICS OF UPS SYSTEM AS BACKUP POWER SOURCE DURING LOAD SHEDDING
...s based on portable generator sets and Un-interrupted Power Supply (UPS) devices. In order to maintain continuity of supply to basic appliances such as lights and ceiling fans, the majority of consumers use UPS with battery backup due to its less initial cost compared to portable generator sets. Following the increased use of battery based UPS as backup power source, several technical and economic issues ...

 Sikandar Bilal Khattak, Iftikhar Hussain, Rashid Nawaz

EVALUATING THE SOCIAL ASPECT OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION FOR PAKISTAN VIA ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
...son (From-To) charts are generated for all central tendency measures. These measures are used as input for AHP independently. The factors are ranked on the basis of their Eigen values obtained from AHP analysis. The result shows that clean water is considered in almost all of the projects whereas the universities and other research institutes are hardly considered in any projects.

...

 Muhammad Qasim Khan1*, Syed Athar Masood1 and Shahzad Naeem Qureshi2

REFORMULATION OF PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT MODEL FOR PUBLIC SECTOR AUTOMOBILE REBUILD ORGANIZATIONS
... developing countries in general and Pakistan in particular.

...

 Muhammad Shahzad1, Arif Iqbal Umar1, Syed Hamad Shirazi1, Muhammad Tariq Pervez2*, Zakir Khan1, Waqas Yousaf1

HCDP: HEPATITIS C DATA BANK OF PAKISTAN
...f Format converter/Fasta generator tool user can convert sequence with formats of PhyLip, NEXUS, MSF, CLUSTAL and PIR into standard FASTA. It is also observed that genotype 3a (76%) is more prevalent followed by genotype 3 (13%). Geographic distribution reveals that rate of occurrence of HCV in Sindh and KPK is high with respect to other provinces. An annotated database of HCV genome sequences allows the researcher to investigate the structural ...

 Nashitah Alwaz1, Safdar Raza1*, Sadaqat Ali1

A COMMUNICATION-FREE SIGNAL GENERATING TECHNIQUE FOR REACTIVE POWER CORRECTION IN ISLANDED MICROGRID
...ng different distributed generation (DG) units according to the load demands. The droop control methods are normally used for appropriate power sharing. However, these control techniques suffer badly due to the feeder impedances and uncontrollable power coupling issues. Many techniques have been proposed to share power accurately, most of them rely on communication
link. In this work a localized/communica...

Adnan Tariq,1 Iftikhar Hussain,2 Abdul Ghafoor,3 Sahar Noor2

AN EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM FOR JOB-SHOP SCHEDULING
... justify;">It has been a general perception that the hardness level of job-shop scheduling problems is comparatively high and that is why effective, efficient and accurate procedures for scheduling are required to substantiate its usefulness. Therefore, in this paper a hybrid approach, primarily based on Genetic Algorithm (GA), is presented to handle the problem of scheduling job-shop that consists of m number of machines and n number of jo...

 Laiq Khan1, Sidra Mumtaz2, Kamran Javed3, S.W. Shah4, M.I. Khan Babar5, S.R. Akbar6

GENERATORS MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING USING HARMONY SEARCH ALGORITHM
...S) algorithm for solving generators maintenance scheduling problem. HS algorithm is quite efficient, because, the convergence rate of this algorithm is very fast. HS algorithm is based on the concept of music improvisation process of searching for a perfect state of harmony. To verify the great power of this method, HS algorithm is applied to solve GMS problem of different power production systems. Simulation results reveal that the propose...

 Usman Ali Naeem*, Hashim Nisar*, Habib-ur-Rehman** and Naeem Ejaz*

DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD DISCHARGE MODELS USING GIS
...hes of this work were to generate empirical equations based on hydrologic model on a particular reach of the river i.e. from Kachura to Tarbela reservoir and by utilizing Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing means. Also the watershed analysis of the upstream of Indus river basin was performed, thus fashioning an essential tool for running and setting up of water resources for state.
...

Rashidullah*, Irshad Ahmad**

SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS OF ISLAMABAD
...e and Atkinson 2008 next generation attenuation (BA08 NGA) has been used for the determination of the ground motion parameters. Maximum PGA of 0.49g by BA08 NGA obtained for Islamabad at rock site due to Main Boundary Thrust (MBT). In PSHA using the Crisis-2007 software, PGA values with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years i.e. the return period of 475 years have been determined. The PGA results obtained at bedrock are 0.28g by BA08 NG...

 Muhammad Waseem*, Irshad Ahmad**, Muhammad Asif Khan**

DETERMINISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS AND SELECTION OF TIME HISTORIES FOR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS FOR A SITE IN SWABI
Samet Hasan Abaci1,*, Hasan Onder1, Mustafa Sahin2 and Esra Yavuz3
...72 ± 0.002). As a general result of the study show that four knots (60, 90, 120 and 150 days) for J and BS breeds and three knots (90, 120 and 150 days) for HF breed were sufficient to estimate lactation curve by cubic spline regression model. 
...

Hina Imtiaz1*, Salma Khalid2, Kashaf Riaz1, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Zubair Rehman

...rding the types of waste generation, diseases among the residents and their opinions about the recycling and proper waste management were carried out through self-administered questionnaires. In order to observe coagulant effect according to Pakistan National Environmental Quality (Standards (Pak-NEQS), the collected samples were treated in the laboratory for identification and recommending suitable coagulant. Three different treatments were practiced i.e. Alu...

Uzma Arif1, Sadar Uddin Siddiqui2, Muhammad Fareed Khan1, Muhammad Arshad3 and Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi

...m start. The information generated on seed behavior under storage conditions in this study; would be helpful to devise better strategy for short- and long-term storage of carrot seeds as well as seed of other crops of similar category. 

...

Kamran Ghasemi1*, Mostafa Emadi2, Asghar Bagheri3 and Mehdi Mohammadi1

Casing Material and Thickness Effects on the Yield and Nutrient Concentration of Agaricus bisporus
...of CP casing layer. As a general conclusion, CCS in depth of 4 cm can be the best choice for casing but in case that using SC for its double advantages of reducing initial costs and waste disposal is preferable, some amount of yield decrease can be ignored.
...
Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...ynthesis of esterases in general cholinesterase and carboxylesterase in response to exposure to insecticide to combat with the stressful conditions of exposure to toxic chemicals. The activity of the arylesterase, on the contrary is inhibited to variable extent after exposure to the insecticides.
...

Oluwatoyin Olagunju1* and Luqman Abiodun Akinbile2

Farmers Perceptions of the Effect of Rural Transportation Systems on Farming Income in Ondo State, Nigeria
...tively influenced income generated by farmers at p<0.05. Also, there was a significant relationship between transportation systems used (r=0.705, p<0.05), perceived effects of rural transportation (r=0.267, p<0.05), and income generated by the farmers on farming activities. Based on the results of the study, it could be inferred that improved transport systems would enable farmers to work harder to increase producti...

 Honghai Zhang1,*, Yao Chen1, Xiaoyang Wu1, Shuai Shang2, Jun Chen2, Jiakuo Yan1, Qinguo Wei1, Xibao Wang1, Yongqiang Lu3 and Huanxin Zhang2

...s. The study observed 163genera belonging to 19 phyla in Group A while 210 genera belonging to 19 phyla in Group B withBacteroidetes and Firmicutes predominating. Additionally, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes linearly decreased (P < 0.05) in Group A and linearly increased (P < 0.05) in Group B. The Ruminococcus_flavefaciens, rumen_bacterium_YS2, Acinetobacter_baumannii and Bacillus_anthracis...

Hafsa Naheed* and Hidayat-Ur-Rahman

Genotype by Environment Interactions of Vegetative Growth Traits of Bread Wheat Genotypes
...es included in the study generally had more plant height in Peshawar as compared to other locations. The highest maximum mean for leaf area was observed for G17 and CSA while minimum was observed for G03 followed by G33 and G25. Among the seven environments, genotypes on average produced larger flag leaves having maximum leaf area in Peshawar while lowest was observed in Mansehra. For straw yield of the 40 genotypes across seven environments, the highest straw...

Muhammad Jawad1*, Shahid Riaz Malik1, Rana Muhammad Atif2, Haris Ahmed2 and Muhammad Shahzad Afzal3

Species Identification of Gram Wilt Complex through ITS Region by PCR-RFLP Analysis
... Primers ITS 1 and ITS 4 generated internal transcribed spacer fragments that were restricted four restriction enzymes (HhaeI, MboI, BsuRI, HinfI). PCR ITS-RFLP banding pattern identified two Fusarium species i.e. Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani. In conclusion, PCR-ITS-RFLP proved to be an efficient and easy technique for the identification of wilt complex pathogens.

...
Muhammad R. Khan1, Bushra A. Rakha1,* and Muhammad S. Ansari2
...s and meristic counts of genera Shizothorax and Schizothorichthyes have been studied from River Swat, Pakistan. Monthly collection of both Genuses was conducted and identified on morphometric and meristic counts and fin formula. The minimum and maximum range, mean, standard error, percentage of various parameters in total length and head length were estimated. The meristic characters showed very limited or no variation in all four species. A tota...
Hari Prasad Sharma1*, Shova Adhikari1, Yogesh Rai1, Rajkumar Sijapati1, Sapana Chand1, Manisha Karki1, Rubina Thapa Magar1, Ashik Husain1Khadka Bahadur Khatri1, Melina Karki1, Samiksha Badu1, Sushila Bajracharya1, Somika Pathak1, Rachana Shah2 and Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral2
...stablished to engage the general public in informal education, research and conservation, as well as maintaining their role as attractive places for entertainment and recreation. Zoos provide home for different animals that are of common occurrence, geographically rare species, attractive species, trafficked animals seized by the authorities, and injured and orphaned animals. The presence of visitors and their activities affect the behavior of animals in the z...

Qurrat ul Ain Akbar*, Saqib Arif, Shahid Yousaf, Salman Khurshid and Najmus Sahar

Effects of Flour Particle Size on Farinographic Properties of Wheat Dough
...nt time. The information generated from this study would be useful in the preparation of whole wheat flour products including traditional flat bread and fiber enriched items.

...

Moazam Ali1, Wajid Ali2, Ayhan Ceyhan2 and Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta3*

Pigmentation Genome Influence in Animals and Human Interventions in its Course of Action
...entation are achieved by generating mutation in MC1R and ASIP allele. A row of scientists is working on genome sequences and mutations for getting a better and healthier pigmentation besides animal welfare. This review article contains a complete elaboration about the worth of pigmentation in animals, natural pigmentation process and new mutation and deviation in animal genome related to their pigmentation for human and animal welfare respectively.

...
Muhammad Zahid Mengal1, Hamida Ali2, Raheela Asmat3, Muhammad Naeem1,4, Ferhat Abbas1, Abdul Samad1, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa1, Jannat Raza2 and Tauseef M. Asmat1*

Ghulam Akbar1*, Ali Ahmad2, Neha Arooj1, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Aamna Rafique1, Sania Riasat1, Mohsin Raza1, Mahpara Qamar1, Shahneela Nusrat1 and Shakila Hanif1

Critical Update for the Treatment of Anemia by using Advanced Genome Editing Crispr Cas Technology
... with the development in generation at genome editing level have made feasible to accurate mutations in human genome. A site oriented specific break in double stranded DNA is induced by CRISPR/Cas9, whereas different oligonucleotides are provided to make accurate DNA template for genome correction. It is of importance to knowledge about types of CRISPR to treat anemia. Cas 9 showed one of best gene editing reactions than others. Recent data gives authentic app...

Ashraf Ismail Afia1 and Ahmed Soliman Mohmed El-Nuby2*

Soybean Genotypes Response to Root-Gall Nematode
...susceptible standard. In general, growth of the tested genotypes was negative to nematode infection. Results obtained in the present study could be used for the planning of crop rotation systems as well as the identification of resistance sources for breeding purposes.

...
Muhammad Umer Khan1,2*, Muhammad Farooq Sabar1, Atif Amin Baig3, Arif-un-Nisa Naqvi4 and Muhammad Usman Ghani1
...ing dataset for curative generation of future mtDNA databases in Pakistan.
...

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1* and Sajida Naseem2

...resenting 7 families, 20 genera and 27 species. Araneidae was the most dominant familyfollowed by Salticidae, Oxyopidae, Clubionidae, Tetragnathida, Thomisidae, Mitergidae and Lycosidae. The interspecific value of divergence was more than the intraspecific value of divergence for all seven families which described a clear barcod...
Zulekha Zameer, Samreen Mohsin, Ammarah Hasnain, Asma Maqbool* and Kauser Abdulla Malik
Influence of Explant Sources on in vitro Callogenesis and Regeneration in Maize (Zea mays L.)
...ghout the year and low regeneration response. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of various explants sources for callogenesis and regeneration in maize (Pioner 3025). The main explants under consideration were: three parts of germinated seedlings, mature embryo and split seeds. Each of these explants was evaluated for its ability to form callus and to regenerate subsequen...
Atef  Mohamed El-Sagheer
Status of Phytonematodes in a Main Commercial Banana Production of Upper Egypt
...survey belong to sixteen genera comprising sixteen genera belonging to nine families viz., Criconemella, Criconemoides, Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Longidorus, Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Radopholus, Rotylenchulus, Rotylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Tylenchus and Xiphinema. It was observed that there was variability in population density, frequency of occurrence and prominence value of so...
Hamida Sarwar1, Kousar Perveen1,Rida Mazhar2, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Amir Gilani3
...le all across the globe, generally, and healthcare workers, particularly. This report is a cross-sectional study comprising statistical data and mental health measurements from HCW including doctors, nurses, and paramedics from DHQ Hospital, Jhelum, Punjab Pakistan during the period April 24, 2020, to May 09, 2020. Healthcare professionals in hospitals equipped with flu filter clinics and COVID-19 isolation wards were eligible. After obtaining informed consent...

 Majid Shahi Bajestani1, Esmat Mahdikhani Moghadam2*, Reza Aghnoum3 and Hamid Rohani2

Study of Plant Parasitic Nematodes and Description of New Record (Rotylenchus alius) Associated with Barley (Hordium vulgare L.) in Khorasan Razavi Province, Northeast Iran
...corded belonging to nine genera. Among these species, Rotylenchus alius was found as a new record from Iran and Basiria gracilis, Boleodorus thylactus, Ditylenchus apus and Meloidogyne arenaria were reported as new host record from barley fields of Iran. Meloidogyne arenaria, was selected for detailed investigation at molecular level. Molecular traits on Meloidogyne arenaria species done by partial 18s ribosomal DNA primer and sequence results verified the mor...

Turgay Şişman1,*, Muhammet Çağrı Keskin1, Hatice Dane1, Şeymanur Adil1, Fatime Geyikoğlu1, Suat Çolak2 and Esra Canpolat1

...rallel with hepatocyte degeneration and heterogenic vascular construction originating from congestion, deformation and dilatation. In kidney, degeneration, congestion, dilatation, and necrosis in proximal and distal tubules were recorded; moreover, expansions of Bowman’s space, infiltrations of lymphocytes, and glomerulonephritis were observed. Also, the frequency of nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes showed signifi...
Xia Li1*, Xueliang Zhan1 and Xinjie Shi2
...atin and ambroxol, while general routine treatment was implemented in the reference group. The treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups. The blood content levels of WBC, CRP and PCT were compared between the two groups after one week of treatment. The results showed that the improvement effect was significantly superior in the study group, p<0.05. The arterial blood gas analysis showed that the arterial blood PO2 was elevated and P...
Yonghua Liu*, Xianhua Li, Xiongfei Yan and Gang Li
...867, respectively). Mean generation time was the longest on apple (58.41 d) and peach (58.45 d). Population doubling time was shortest on apricot (7.77 d) and plum (8.33 d). Of the 4 hosts, apricot and peach are more suitable for A. fimbriana growth, development, and reproduction. The results of this study provide an important basis for forecasting and integrated management of A. fimbriana.
...
Abdul Hameed1*, Ihtsham ul Haq Padda2 and Abdul Salam3
Estimating Food Consumption Patterns in Pakistan by Using Ideal Demand System
...centrate on rural income generation activities such as agriculture, livestock and its related industries.

...

Muhammad Ali Shah, Faiz Ur Rehman, Abbas Mehmood, Fareed Ullah, Sayed Irfan Shah and Syed Majid Rasheed*

Combining Ability, Heritability and Gene Action Assessment in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for Yield and Yield Attributes
...t genotype 2702 was best general as well as a specific combiner for pod length (PL), seeds pod-1 (SPP), total yield (TY), and 1000 seed weight (SW). In addition, maximum pod length, seeds pod-1, total yield, 1000 seed weight and pods plant-1(PPP) were observed for those F1 hybrids where genotype 2702 was used as seed setter, i.e. 2702 × P1-119 and 2702 × DUNCLED. Higher broad-sense heritability and non-additive type of genetic variability indicated...

Sajid Ali1, Abdul Basit1,3*, Abdul Mateen Khattak1, Syed Tanveer Shah1, Izhar Ullah2, Noor Alam Khan3, Imran Ahmad1, Kamran Rauf1, Salman Khan1, Irfan Ullah1 and Intizar Ahmad1

Managing the Growth and Flower Production of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) through Benzyle Amino Purine (BAP) Application and Pinching
...no purine (BAP-C12H11N5) generally act as a plant metabolite and growth retardant. It encourages the growth and cell division of dormant buds and bushiness of plant by reducing its height. Similarly, pinching of terminal branches increase the cytokinins and decrease auxin concentrations flourishing the axillary buds. A research study on the growth and production of zinnia flowers through application of BAP (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg L-1) and pinching (2, 4 and 6 l...
Saima Yaqub1, Tahir Yaqub1*, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir2, Asif Nadeem3Aziz-Ul-Rahman1, Muhammad Furqan Shahid1, Zarfishan Tahir4 and Nadia Mukhtar4
...f HIV transmission among general population through different ways. Therefore, an understanding towards current status of HIV prevalence and genomic characteristics of circulating strains is crucial to devise and implement necessary interventions to control disease in developing countries like Pakistan. A total of 201 plasma samples were collected from IDUs. Samples were first screened using HIV-1 Ag/Ab Combo test and then antigen positive samples were amplifi...
Mardan Aghabey Turghan1, Roller MaMing1*, Li Weidong2, Di Jie1 and Xu Guohua1
... species belonging to 95 genera of 42 families of 19 orders were identified as occurring in the reserve, accounting for 37.9% of the total bird species in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Among them, 85 species are migrants, 49 species resident, 33 species summer visitors and 5 species winter visitors. Six species of birds viz., Red-rumped Swallow (Cecropis daurica), Eastren Crowned Warbler (Phylloscopus coronatus), Blue-cheeked Bee-eater (M...

Sanaullah1*, Abdul Basit2 and Inayat Ullah3

Challenges and Prospects of Farm Mechanization in Pakistan: A Case Study of Rural Farmers in District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...oduce, increasing income generating opportunities and reduction in time of operation among others. Logistic Regression indicated a highly significant (p<0.01) positive effect of key determinants including; income source (0.008), farm size (0.001), farming experience (0.004), extension visits (0.009), access to credit (0.002) and access to agricultural machines (0.006) on farm mechanization adoption. The study emphasized that government may make agricultural...

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Saleem2, Ali Aziz2, Irfan Rasool2, Zeshan Ali3 and Muhammad Amin2

An Update on Biology, Extent of Damage and Effective Management Strategies of Chickpea Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)
...1st to 3rd instar larvae generally feed on leaves, twigs and flowers. In later stages larger larvae (4th to 6th instar caterpillars) shift to developing pods by making holes/bores and consume entire developing seeds. Pod borers can cause yield losses up to 90 percent depending upon the insect density and susceptibility of cultivars. Sustainable management of chickpea pod borer involves use of resistant cultivars, manipulation of sowing dates, maintaining low c...
Yasin Altay1, Saim Boztepe2, Ecevit Eyduran3, İsmail Keskin2Mohammad Masood Tariq4*, Farhat Abbas Bukhari4 and Irshad Ali4
... regression tree diagram generated by CHAID algorithm, the most influential predictor affecting WF was F, followed by BW, ANC and DA at the 2nd significance degree, and SL at the 3rd significance degree, respectively. MARS predictive model with the selected 5 terms captured only F as a significant predictor. In conclusion, CHAID and MARS data mining algorithms reflected that F predictor may be considered as an indirect selection criterion...
Zhen-Yang Wu1, Li Li1, Yu-Hua Fu2, Sheng Wang3, Qing-Ming An1, Xiao-Hui Tang4, Xiao-Yong Du3,5,* and Fei Zhou6,*
...ng. The RNA-Seq analysis generated 63,283,784 and 63,644,062 clean reads in black and white skin, respectively. A total of 60 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, providing evidence that the different coat color skin changed considerably. Among these differentially expressed genes, there were 18 up-regulated genes and 42 down-regulated genes in black skin tissue. Further analysis showed that these genes involved a series of biological process...
Minghao Gong1*, Shiliang Pang2, Zhongyan Gao2, Wanyu Wen1, Ling Zhang3, Gang Liu1, Huixin Li1, Fawen Qian4 and Wenfeng Wang2
Aamer Sharif1,*, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi1 and Riaz Muhammad2
...ndly, reliable and clean generation of electricity. Gravitational water vortex power plant is certainly one of such low head hydro turbines in which the potential energy of free surface flowing water is converted into kinetic energy through vortex turbine that tangentially passing the water into the basin, which forms a powerful water vortex. This study is the experimental analysis of novel runner which has the ability to maximize output power and efficiency. ...
Gulzar Ahmad*, Muhammad Bilal Khan, Junaid Bahadar Khan and Faheem Ali
 
 
...wireless applications in general and 5G cellular applications in particular. In the past, researchers employed different dielectric substrates to analyze microstrip patch antenna in low frequency range. In the presented research work three different dielectric materials were investigated in the higher frequency range starting from 12GHz as the scientists consider these higher frequencies suitable for future wireless mobile applications. Three simple rectangula...
Sana Mehmood1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Muhammad Summer1, Sher Muhammad Sherawat2, Shaukat Ali1*, Sajida Naseem3
...species, representing 22 genera and 8 families. Accuracy of morphological identification was confirmed by barcode analysis of tissue samples. A standard barcode sequence of COI (Cytochrome c Oxidase I) was recovered from 90 specimens of spiders. Percentage accuracy of morphological identification was 92.10%. Four morphologically misidentified spiders were allotted to correct taxon after molecular identification. To describe the species diversity and richness i...

Saba Aleem1*, Mehvish Tahir2, Iram Sharif3, Muqadas Aleem4, Muhammad Najeebullah2, Ali Nawaz1, Amina Batool1, Muhammad Imran Khan1 and Waheed Arshad1

Principal Component and Cluster Analyses as Tools in the Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Late Season Cauliflower Genotypes
...ombinants in segregating generations, exploiting heterosis, and broaden the genetic base of the cauliflower germplasm.

...
Muhammad Umar1, Muhammad Arshad2, Mubashar Hussain1*, Moazama Batool3 and Muhammad Faheem Malik1
... orders, 11 families, 28 genera and 37 species visited the wetland in 2010, whereas in 2011, 21,302 birds belonging to six orders, nine families, 20 genera, and 28 species. Twenty two bird species were observed to be common in both years. The most abundant species were the Black-headed gull and the great cormorant in both years. The density of population was higher in 2010 (139.93 / km²) than in 2011(80.38 / km²). ...
Abdul Hafeez1*, Akhtar Nawaz Khan2 and Zahid Ullah3
... data. That is, the data generated by such systems is so large that a typical computer workstation cannot handle it in real-time. Traditional approaches rely on unloading raw data to off line storage and suffer from the trade-off of an insufficiently rigorous sampling rate. Furthermore, the phases leading to useful decision-making often follows pre- and post-processing in a subjective manner, which is tedious, time-consuming and erroneous. An important and an ...
Huan Yang1, Tingting Li1, Huimin Zhao1,2, Xiaoyuan Zhang1, Huiyan Xu1, Yangqing Lu1, Xingwei Liang1, Shengsheng Lu1, Xiaogan Yang1*and Kehuan Lu1*
...om parents to subsequent generations. In this research, to understand the growth characteristics of buffalo SSCs in vitro, methods for their isolation, enrichment, culture and preliminary identification were established. Testes from 3- to 6-month-old buffalos were digested with two-step enzymatic treatment to obtain isolated single cells and then enriched with a differential plating method. Isolated SSCs were cultured on STO feeder cells with SSCs cultu...
Abdul Waheed Solangi, Lei Zhang, Yunxia Cheng and Xingfu Jiang*
...and lifespan of the next generation in M. separata.
...
Ye Ge1, Chunmiao Zhao1, Weitian Xie2, Ying Liu2,* and Chunhou Xu1,*
... were obtained through regeneration, with a sporogenic rate of 69.1% and a colony number of 2.7×105 CFU/mL after an 80 °C high-temperature treatment. After 7 generations of fermentation, the average pH value was 4.47. The average number of colonies in the culture medium was 18.4. The production of protoplasts lays a foundation for research in microecological preparation.
...
Baochao Liao1,2, Xiujuan Shan2,3* and Yunlong Chen2,3
...th an agent-based model (generating a DEB- ABM) enables examination of the effects of environmental change at a population-level on a species to be examined. The present study applied a DEB-ABM to the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus. The DEB-ABM accurately captured energy acquisition and allocation throughout the anchovy lifecycle (egg, yolk sac larva, exogenous feeding larva, juvenile, and adult) and predicted how individual-level processes affect...
Nosheen Basharat1, Usman Waheed2,3*, Muhammad Arshad1, Noor e Saba4, Iram Masood1, Akhlaaq Wazeer1, Ahmad Farooq1, Sadaf Moneeba1Abdul Rauf5 and Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3

 

...ghly prevalent among the general population throughout the world. TTV was discovered in 1997 in the serum of a Japanese patient. TTV is a non-enveloped small virus of 3.8 kb containing a circular single-stranded negative-sense DNA genome. TTV represents the first circovirus-like virus found in humans. The study was conducted to assess the molecular epidemiology of TTV in healthy blood donors and find its relationship with hepatitis B and hepatitis C seropositi...
Eman Khalifa1*, Riad Khalil2 and Haitham Elaadli3
...faloes’ farms. The general public health should also be intensely warned from consuming raw or unpasteurized milk. All these prophylactic measures will eventually lead to a positive impact on public health.
...
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Saleem Ashraf3, Tahir Munir Butt4, Abdur Rehman5, Imtiaz Hussain6 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood2
 
 
...amily farming employment generation takes place and unemployment issue prevailing in the society minimizes. The output of the family farm is high productivity and enhancement in farm income. Directly or indirectly, family farming leads to the food security situation and uplifts people’s living quality. All the rural farm families residing in district Mansehra served as the population for the study. In order to have a representation of the entire populati...
Jiawei Hong1,2, Mingqiang Chen 1,2, Zhenghua Deng1,2, Youning Li1,2 and Yu Wang1,2*
...f 11 phyla comprising 76 genera were detected. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased (from 34.96% to 77.31%) with the increasing of enrofloxacin exposure dosage. The dominant position of Tenericutes was replaced by Proteobacteria, and in parallel the proportion of Tenericutes slumped to 3.85%. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Mycoplasma, dropped down from 58.38% to 3.85%, and Vibrio increased (from 1...
A.E.S. Patrick1,*, S. Kuganathan2 and U. Edirisinghe3
...longing to 10 species, 9 genera and 5 families of local fish in Vavuniya reservoir, Sri Lanka during January, 2013 to August, 2014. The regression coefficient value ‘b’ from LWR and statistical comparison from the ideal value (b=3) were used to find the growth patterns. Most of the local species showed isometric growth except Amblypharyngodon melettinus, Puntius sarana and Heteropneustes fossilis. Only Channa s...

 Amjad Ali1*, Pirzada Jamal Ahmad Siddiqui1, Naveed Ahmad2,Shabir Ali Amir3, Rafaqat Masroor3,Seema Shafique1 and Zaib-un-Nisa Burhan1

...of 58 fish species in 33 genera and 24 families were recorded at 10 different dive sites. High diversity occurred at Churna Island following Mubarak Village and Astola Island. Majority of the recorded fishes were planktivorous. Compare to Churna and Mubarak Village, physico-chemical parameters at Astola Island were found in limits as preferred by fish and coral communities for their proper growth. Fish accumulation appeared to be link with coral cover, diversi...

Uwem E. George1, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo2, Oluseyi A. Olayinka3, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah4, Temitope O.C. Faleye3,5, Bolaji Oluremi6, Arthur O. Oragwa7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel E. Udoh9, Oluwadamilola G. Osasona1,10, Emmanuel Donbraye11, Olufunke P. Adeniji12, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi3,13* and Johnson A. Adeniji3,13,14

...From the 2,763,954 reads generated, 14 ARGs with statistically significant reads were identified. Precisely, 90.5% (12/14) of the ARGs detected target drugs that inhibit translation, of which 66.6% (8/12) were tetracycline resistance (TC-r) genes, while remaining 9.5% (2/14) inhibit cell wall synthesis (cfxA3_1 and cfxA6_1). Eight (aph(3’)-III_1, cfxA3_1, cfxA6_1, erm(B)_10, tet(Q)_1, tet(Q)_2, tet(Q)_4, tet(W)_5) of the ARGs detected were predicted to b...

Oluseyi A. Olayinka1, Temitope O.C. Faleye2, Oladipo O. Omotosho3, Oladapo A. Odukaye3, Bolaji Oluremi4, Ibipeju H. Ibitoye1, Oludayo O. Ope-Ewe1, Uwem E. George5, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo6, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel Donbraye9, Olufunke P. Adeniji10, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi1,11* and Johnson A. Adeniji1,11,12

...From the 2,974,257 reads generated, 21 ARGs with statistically significant reads were identified. Almost all targeted broad-spectrum antibiotics with over 50% targeting Tetracyclines. Five (ant(6)-Ia_3, tet(40)_1, tet(Q)_1, tet(W)_5 and tet(O/W)_4) of the ARGs were predicted to be plasmid-borne. Our findings show that the Swine industry in the region might be both a mixing pot and reservoir of ARGs. It is therefore crucial that effort is made to educate the st...
Saira Batool1, Safdar Ali Shirazi1 and Syed Amer Mahmood2*
 
 
... topography. The outputs generated from this research are a way forward to plan and implement strategies for combating erosion and natural resources protection. It is inevitable to make suitable water harvesting structures and control rainwater to stop soil removal and water provision for the lean season in this rain-fed region. The results obtained can help realize that conservation practices and soil management can decreas soil erosion. The hypsometric and s...

Md. Ariful Islam, Md. Badol Ashraf and Md. Mahmudul Alam*

... calves were recorded as general patients in those Upazila Veterinary Hospitals. Surgical affections were arranged based on sex, breed, and seasons. Similar distribution pattern was observed in all three Upazila. Most common surgical affections in calves were atresia ani, 30.82%, 32.64% and 31.75% followed by umbilical hernia 19.45%, 17.78% and 17.62%, navel ill 15.75%, 15.79% and 16.08%, umbilical abscess 14.38%, 15.28% and 14.27%, fracture 9.59%, 8.61% and 1...

Muhammad Arslan Ibrahim1*, Aneeqa Aleem2, Farkhanda Manzoor2, Shahbaz Ahmad1, Hafiz Muhammad Zahid Anwar1, Talia Aroob2 and Mansoor Ahmad3 

... individuals in the next generation. 

...

Manzoor Hussain Memon1, Khalid Khan2, Anjum Parvez3, Sarfaraz Ahmed Shaikh4, Khan Mir Khan2, Guo Xiangyu5*, Mohammad Nasrullah6 and Saima Liaqat7

...is the key source of the general masses to get the mandatory protein and nutrients. The foremost impact of the poultry industry is to boost up nutrients value and provide an inexpensive and economical source of meat for the masses. Globally, the poultry industry has shown exponential growth and profitability in the sector is considerably higher. However, in the case of Pakistan both producers and consumers are unable to reap the benefits. Consumers and poultry...
Jing Yu1*, Jiangmei Mao1,2 and Dongliang Wang1,3
...na applying the vertical generalized production model (VGPM) with ocean color and sea surface temperature (SST) provided by MODIS-Aqua. On the basis of modified VGPM model, fishery resources in the Daya Bay were evaluated according to the Tait model, Cushing model, and trophic dynamics model. Results showed that the seasonal variation of PP was obvious in the bay, the average PP reached the highest in summer (1595.60 mg C·m-2·d-1<...
Xinjian Wang1,2, Eryan Yang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*
...ain are facing wetland degeneration and habitat loss. Daily activity rhythm, time budget and foraging pattern of wintering swans are the important presentation of behavioral strategy in response to habitat variations. We studied the behavior of Tundra Swan wintering in the wetland of Huangpi Lake from November 2012 to February 2013. Wintering individuals and water levels were surveyed every day. Instantaneous scan and focal animal sampling was conducted to col...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Saima Hanif1, Shagufta Andleeb2, Beenish Zahid3 and Madeeha Arshad4
...ive effects as well as regenerative potential against Al provoked toxicity in male mice.
...

Salma Javed, Samreen Khan*, Nasira Kazi and Tabassum Ara Khanum 

...stan. In this study, two genera, Rhabditidoides and Butlerius and three species identified as Rhabditidoides stigmatus, Butlerius micans and Demaniella basili were recorded for the first time in Pakistan. The percentage occurrence of these genera was found as 50% each. These species were identified on the basis of morphological, as well as morphometric characters. In addition, brief description, measurement, line drawings, a...

Zafar Ahmad Handoo1*, Mihail Radu Kantor1 and Ekramullah Khan2

...pecies including two new genera of following were recovered: Fotedaronema kashmiriensis gen. n. sp. nov., from soil around roots of Pyrus communis L. from Sonamarg, Parasicagutter chitwoodi gen. n. sp. nov., from soil around roots of Pyrus malus L. in Pattan, Kochinema pahalgamiensis sp. nov., from soil around roots of Brassica oleraceae from Pahalgam, Kochinema kanganiensis sp. nov., from soil around roots of Lycopersicum esculentum Miller, in Kangan, Tylench...

Syed Muhammad Aun Naqvi1, Sara Tahir1, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Huma Naz3, Amara Gilani4, Atif Liaqat5

Attaullah Jan1*, Saleem Khan2, Iftikhar Alam1, Farzeen Khan3 and Muhammad Farooq4*

...irls than boys. Girls in general, had poor nutrient intake compared to boys, girls were therefore more likely to suffer from under-nutrition compared to boys.

...

Muhammad Adnan Islam1*, Zia-Ul-Haq2, Rana Shahzad Noor2, Matiullah Khan4, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Zulfiqar Ali3, Asif Ali Mirani3, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Muzammil Husain1 and Badar Munir Khan Niazi1

Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar*, Sania Waliat, Shafaat Yar Khan, Naila Amjad

... used. Flies from the F1 generation were used in the bioassays. The results showed that LC50 for the lab strain against bifenthrin and dimethoate was 11.068 µg/ml and 8.879 µg/ml, respectively. LC50 for field strains, Bhalwal L1 and L2, against bifenthrin was 96.184 µg/ml and 130.903 µg/ml, respectively whereas against dimethoate it was 74.340 µg/ml and 84.531 µg/ml, respectively. The resistance ratios for field strains of l...
Suman Bhattarai1*, Subodh Raj Pandey2, Jaya Prakash Dutta3, Meghnath Timalsena4 and Rajendra Bam5
..."text-align: justify;">A general survey was accomplished among beekeepers in 2019 to investigate the determinants and resource use efficiency of honey production at Chitwan, Nepal. The information was primarily collected through 60 Apis mellifera beekeepers registered in bee zone, Chitwan. They were selected for interview by simple random sampling technique. Interview using semi-structured questionnaire schedule was carried out for primary data. Cobb Douglas p...

Mian Muhammad Arif* and Malik Muhammad Shafi

... statistics was used for general analysis, while budgetary technique was used for profitability analysis. Ordinary Leased Square (OLS) technique was employed to find the effect of different inputs on profit of broiler poultry farms. The ANOVA tool was used to know the variations in cost, revenue and profit of various size of commercial broiler poultry farms. Due to wide spread variations in cost and return pattern of various broiler poultry farms, subsequently...

Mehnaz Safdar1, Urooba Pervaiz1* and Dawood Jan2

...m inputs and less income generating opportunities. It is concluded that non-availability of timely technical knowledge and extension services, low family income, less access to farm inputs and inadequate income generating opportunities were the major constraints. Women farmers should be given easy and quick opportunity to open bank account, credit facilities and agriculture inputs and extension services.

...

Muhammad Qaddafi Khan Wali, Arif Alam* and Ikram Shah

...yment opportunities that generate income enough to meet food security requirements along with providing better social and infrastructure facilities to minimize hazards of remoteness.

...

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhmmad Akhtar2, Kaiser Latif Cheema2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid2, Afzal Zahid2, Muhammad Kashif3 and Zeshan Ali4

...s commercial variety for general cultivation in future.

...
Ghulam Raza1*, Maqsood Anawar2, Muhammad Akbar1, Muhammad Ali1, Alamdar Hussain1, Azhar Hussain3 and Tanveer Hussain4
...he region every year and generates handsome money to the local inhabitants of the mountainous community. The characteristic habitat analysis and preference was important as the ibex move downwards during winter to cope the fodder shortage after heavy snowfall. This may expose the ibex to potential threats of predation by predators, poaching and competition for food with livestock during winter season. Therefore, the study was conducted to analyze the character...
Zeynep Sonmez1 and Memis Ozdemir2,*
...einberg equilibrium test generally shown that the distribution of genotype frequencies in polymorphic regions is in genetic equilibrium.
...

Sehrish Khudadad1, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Ahmed Zia3, Mian Sayed Khan4, Gulnaz Parveen5, Muhammad Kamal Sheikh6*, Falak Naz7, Muhammad Qasim8 and Syed Waqar Shah9

...were identified under 16 genera of three sub-families, namely Camponotinae, Myrmecinae and Ponerinae. Subfamily Myrmicinae represented 20 species under 10 genera, followed by subfamily Camponotinae with seven species under five genera, while a single species from subfamily Ponerinae has been identified. Among 28 identified species six species, namely Anoplolepis gracilepis Jerdon, Cardioco...

Muhammad Shahzad1*, Syed Amer Mahmood2, Athar Ashraf3, Amer Masood2 and Saira Batool4

... maps for TSR and DD are generated using a moving window size of (1-4 km). TSR and DD maps show interesting results that correspond to the relative sensitivity of the landscape to regional neotectonics. DD exposed the neotectonic activity preserved in the Quaternary era in the surroundings of NPS. The TSR maps revealed that North-North-East (NNE), North-West (NW), South-West (SW) f the investigation region and segments parallel to the Sassi Raikot Fault (SRF),...

Ain-ul-Abad Syed1*, Zaheer Ahmed Khan1, Shakeel Hussain Chattha1, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh2, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio3, Shahzad Hussain Dahri2 and Ghous Bakhsh Buriro4

...ve water, fertilizer and generate more sustainable food vertically and horizontally. Two treatments were performed, each with two replications. The treatments included hydroponic (soil-less) and geoponic (soil) spinach seed cultivation. The seed was initially grown in a seedling tray before being transferred onto a prepared plot and a hydroponic model, respectively. All the standard materials (made of plastic) needed for a perfect low-cost hydroponic model, ob...

Yasser F. Elnaker 1, Mohamed El-Tholoth 2, Sahar Saber 3, Amira A- Elsaid4, Mohamed A. Saad 3, Emad E. Younis 5

...lves showed localized or generalized skin nodules with or without fever. Skin lesions were collected from clinically diseased calves for virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs for three passages followed by ten successive passages in Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) and identification of isolated virus was done by indirect immunofluorescence test. The serum antibody titers were determined by serum neutralization test (SNT) and Enzyme linked immunosorbant ...

Aya El-Turkey1, A. K. El-Attar1, A. E. Aboulata1, B. Othman2 and K. A. El-dougdoug2

... were transferred into regeneration medium and genetically transformed with the HSV-2gD-PB21 binary vector through Agrobacterium co cultivation. Agro-inoculated tomato plants were tested for the HSV-2gD insertion and transcription using both PCR and RT-PCR and the results were successful in getting insert-containing tomatoes against HSV-2gD. Specific expression of the introduced antigen construct at the RNA level was detected by RT-PCR, using specific primers ...
Amro A. Farrag1; Ahmed K. El-Attar1; Om-Hashem M. El-Banna2; Ibrahim A. I.2; H.
M. Mazyad1
...>
PCR using both degenerate and specific oligonucleotide primers. SLCV (bean isolate) was
transmitted from naturally infected common bean onto twenty two species and varieties
belonging to six different families i.e. Moraceae, Solanaeae, Cucurbitaceae,
Leguminoceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Malvaceae using viruliferous whitefly (Bemisia
tabaci). Results revealed that SLCV could be transmitted to 16 out of 22 spe...

Ahmed K. El-Attar; Samah A. Mokbel; Ali H. Hamed

...
elimination and regeneration of infected onion bulbs were determined.
...
Amro A. Farrag1; Ahmed K. El-Attar1; Om-Hashem M. El-Banna2; Ibrahim A. I.2; H. M. Mazyad 1 
... PCR using Geminivirus degenerate
primers and Squash Leaf Curl Virus (SLCV) specific primers. All bean varieties grown in
surveyed governorates were found susceptible to Geminivirus infection and the dominant
Geminivirus affecting bean fields was SLCV. Percentage of infection was higher at Nili
season than that at the summer season. Six different commercial varieties of common
bean were evaluated for ...

A. B. Badr1 ; M. A. S. El-kady2; and Kh. E. A. Saker2

...ia , chloroplastes and degeneration of grana were also observed. Pinwheel
inclusions and associated virus particles are frequently found in the cytoplasm of
infected leaf cells.
...

Aly M. Abdel-Salam

...
(PCR) utilizing degenerate primers for badnaviruses for the reverse trancriptase,
RT/RNase genome regions of ORF III detected the virus in infected sugarcane leaves
and in its vector Saccharicoccus sacchari and in another unidentified
Pseudococcidae- mealybug. Amplicons for the RT/RNaseH motifs of the two virus
isolates were cloned, sequenced, and submitted to the GenBanak. Pair-wise nucleotide

Aly M. Abdel-Salam1 and Samah A. Mokbel2

...PCR, using
degenerate primer pair for the coat protein (CP) gene of Ilarvirus amplified products
similar to those produced from peach and apricot isolates of NRSV-infecting stone
fruits. Dot blotting immuno-binding assay (DBIA) showed positive reaction between
NRSV-infected apple sap and an Egyptian antiserum for NRSV. Purified preparation
from infected leaves, using the electro-elution technique yiel...

Abd El-Hamid, M.I1; Seham, A. ElZeedy1; El-Sanousi A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1., Abbas, A.M1

Eman A. Ahmed1, Osama Y. shalaby2, Emad F. Dwidar2, Samah A. Mokbel1 and Ahmed K. El-Attar1
...ts obtained showed that, general disorganization of phloem tissue and thickness of cell wall resulted from high concentration of phytoplasma units; necrosis starts in companion cells; severe damage in chloroplasts with abnormal membrane and thylakoid system was absent. The xylem vesicles were characterized by deforming the secondary walls. Three methods were done towards the production of phytoplasma-free tomato plantlets through tissue culture using antibioti...

Nashwa M. Helmy1, Ahmed S. Ahmed2, and Zeinab3 Y. Mohamed

... SNT respectively and in general 90/200 of tested cattle give protective antibody titer, while 23/200 gave non protective titer and 87/200 have no antibody againest LSDV. The results of clinco-pathological revealed highly significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, urea and uric acid, while the level of total protein, albumin and calcium showed significant decrease and non-significant reaction in creatinine and non-organic phosphorus in infected cattle. The re...

Aly M. Abdel-Salam

...inivirus, and Ipomovirus genera. Induced symptoms are mostly of the yellow-type disease symptoms. Previous observation indicated that co-infection of cucurbits with these viruses was very common and may lead to severe problems in virus diagnosis. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to characterize biologically, serologically, and molecularly one Crinivirus viz. Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) and one Ipomovirus viz. Cucumber vein yellowing...

Ahmed A. Azab, Wesam H. Mady, Ali Zanaty, Mahmoud Samir

... was done
by generating a standard curve by real time PCR.
Results: The results revealed that the propagated virus in CEK showed the highest virus titer (5.952 x
106 and 3.245 x 106) than Vero cell line (7.184 x 101 and 2.14 x 103) and ECE (7.536 x 103 and 5.444 x
105) after both 48 and 72 hours respectively.
Conclusion: The chicken embryo kidney cell (CEK) is the most successful and sensitive monolay...
Abdullah Sheikh1,*, Faisal Almathen1,2 and Hairul Islam Mohamed Ibrahim3,4

Ayman S. El-Habbaa1 and Mervat E. Radwan2

...ds: Partial sequence was generated after detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain
reaction (RT-PCR) and subsequent gel purification of the amplified products of G gene of BEF virus.
Results: BEF virus was circulating in this region. Sequence analysis of G-gene of this Egyptian strain,
comparing with sequences of BEF virus circulating globally and regained from GenBank, showed
100% nucleotide homology w...

Mohsen M. Elsharkawy1, Salem H. Homayed1, Mohamed M. Elsawy2 and Amr A. Khedr1

...tments with artificially generated wind and root colonizing F. equiseti
GF19-1 or its CF elicited induced resistance against CMV infection, leading to a restriction of
pathogen propagation and disease development.
...

Wesley D. Nafarnda, Japhet H. Baraya, Olatunde H. Olabode, Malang K. Simon

...uctured questionnaire on general knowledge, practice and productivity indicators was
administered thrice to participating household poultry farmers alongside administration of feed based
V4 thermostable ND vaccination in chickens. Sera obtained from forty (40) chickens per LGA during
pre-vaccination, post-vaccination and post-booster vaccination with NDV4 thermostable vaccine were
subjected to Hemagglutination In...
Hadeer M. Mossa, Ausama A. Yousif, Emad A. Aboelsoud, Mahmoud El Gamal, Ahmed El-
Sanousi
...l aggregation and cell degeneration with titer of 105.5TCID50/ml,
DNA extraction and PCR for the candidate strain was performed using universal and specific primers
for virus identification and confirmation. The size of the produced amplicons was 192 pb for the
universal primer and 502pb, 1452pb for the specific primers respectively. Metagenomics is done to
evaluate a virus harvest for standardization by applying...
Ahmed A. ElWakil1, Ausama A. Yousif2 , Adel A. Fayed3, Ibrahim M. elsabagh2, Mahmoud
El Gamal2, Omnia H. Refaei3
...n technology was used to generate LSDV sequences and to investigate relative
abundance of LSDV sequences in the sampled tick population compared to other known organisms
detected.
Results: Five ticks randomly selected from those collected were PCR positive for LSDV. 6 ticks
randomly selected from the collected ticks were pooled and this pool was also positive for LSDV
using PCR. The modified RT PCR ga...
Soad, E. Elsayed 1, Mohammed A. Shalaby2, Ausama A. Yousef2, Abu bakr A. Agor1,
Sherouk E. Aly1
...current formulations and generating new ones is crucial.
Currently, Montanide ISA 206 is the adjuvant used in FMDV vaccine produced in Egypt which is
w/o/w microemulsion.
Methods: We aimed to increase the efficacy of the conventional formulation by converting the
microemulsion to Bio-compatible and stable Nano emulsion. Emulsification was applied through
ultrasonication of Montanide ISA 206 in the pre...
Shourok E. Aly 1, Karim Zaki1, Soad E. Elsayed2, M. Elgamal2, Ausama A. Yousef1, Mohamed A. Shalaby1
...ydroxide gel resulted in generation of 120-200 nm gel
structures followed by vaccine formulation showed enhancement of vaccine loading capacity. Animals
vaccinated using the enhanced formula were completely protected against RVF challenge virus and
produced higher RVFV neutralizing antibody titers.
Conclusion: The vaccine developed based on small particle vaccine formulation is an economic
solution th...

Zainab Iftikhar, Muhammad Arif, Iqbal Munir and Sajid Ali

...ld also be exploited for generation of further variability in Pakistani wheat germplasm for normal varietal development as a novel source of germplasm to reduce genetic homogeneity.

...

Ghani Akbar*, Muhammad Asif and Zafar Islam

...armers in the country in general and Potohar region in particular. However, these findings may be valid for the site-specific conditions, thus needs to be evaluated for recommendations under the wide environmental conditions of rain-fed areas of the country.

...
Bingjie Zhou1, Hitesh Bhagavanbhai Mangukiya1, Siva Bharath Merugu1, Fakhar-un-Nisa Yunus1, Yuchen Fan1, Zhenghua Wu1,* and Dawei Li1,2,*
...ent. Here, we report the generation of a fluorescent functional AGR2 fusion protein as a powerful visual tracking tool to trace the external function of AGR2. This bioactive and auto-fluorescent his-tag recombinant AGR2-DsRed (hAD) protein was constructed by linking human AGR2 C-terminus with the red fluorescent protein derived from Discosoma sp. (DsRed) througha flexible linker. It was expressed successfully in Escherichia coli (E. coli) ...

Syed Ismat Hussain1, Khalid Mehmood2, Mudassar Khaliq3, Habib Anwar1, Syed Muhammad Zaka4, Ateeq ur Rehman5*, Muhammad Shahid6, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi5*, Ummad ud Din Umar5 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar7

... data for calculation of generations by accumulating progressive degree days was observed highly significant i.e., P>0.0001. In the present study, the accumulation of degree days for its forecasting was calculated from 1st January by using the metrological data and base line temperature and found 7 generations of pink boll worm to be found in all districts. Data for moths trapped in sex pheromone traps was noted as highly...
Nianhong Huang, Yan Wu, Yuanyuan Li* and Jinhong Zhao*
... Mature gamonts were generally long and elliptic, both ends obtuse and one end slightly pointed under the blood smear examinations. Morphological comparison of parasitized and non-parasitized erythrocytes showed that most analyzed features were significantly different for both linear and area dimensions. The sequences of 18S rRNA gene of Hepatozoon sp. were amplified, cloned and demonstrated the homology and the variation. Phylogenetic analysis base...
Maimoona Imran1,2, Soumble Zulfiqar2, Hafsa Saeed2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...other toxic heavy metals generally present in the industrial effluents. These strains exhibited good growth in the wide range of pH (5-10) and temperature (25 -44°C). KW and CC were also investigated for their resistance potential against various antibiotics. KW was found to be resistant to broader range of antibiotics as compared to CC. All these characteristics viz., high tolerance against Cu++, excellent Cu++ uptake and effl...
Atta Muhammad Memon1, Ubedullah Kaka2*, Muhammad Umer3, Asghar Ali Kamboh4, Atique Ahmed Behan5, Habibullah Janyaro6, Yong Meng Goh7, Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro6Jalila Abu8, Khaleeq ur Rehman Bhutto9 and Arsalan Maqbool10


...ry indices. Recovery was generally smooth in all birds. Atipamezole at 60 µg/Kg produced rapid recovery from anaesthesia 18 min earlier than MK group. 
...
Shoaib Khan1, Sida Hussain2, Amir Naveed1*, Nazia Wali3, Zafar Ullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Muhammad Sadiq4 and Muhammad Asif5
...he total capacity of the generator designed is 60kW. Sensitivity analysis of the designed machine is done by varying the hyper-parameters of the wind turbine generators. 
...
Arshad Khan1, Mohammad Ihsan1, Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Muhammad Laiq1, Maryam Bibi1, Nasir Ali2, Ulfat Naz1, Muhammad Zakria1, Nausheen Nazir3, Adam Khan4 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz5
...al variation in order to generate data that could assist in determining the most appropriate tools that are adaptable to various environments.

...

Sajida Batool1, Saira Batool1, Sitara Shameem1, Fatima Khalid1, Tahira Batool2, Summera Yasmeen1, Saima Batool3*

...epatic tissue, massive degeneration of hepatocytes, deformed nuclei of hepatocytes, highly disordered trabecular arrangement, vacuolar degeneration, diffuse necrosis, congestion and degeneration of the hepatic portal vein. Micrometric data indicated a significant reduction in themean number of hepatocytes and oval cells per unit area in ATZ treated group as well as significantly increased ...
Kai Jin1,2,3, Chen Chen 1,2,3, Xinyu Sun1,2,3, Caiye Zhu1,2,3, Mahmoud F. Ahmed1,2,3,4, Qisheng Zuo1,2,3, Jiuzhou Song4 and Bichun Li1,2,3*
...ested the possibility of generating transgenic goats by sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT). The expression of SCD1 gene and fatty acid metabolism genes in goat mammary gland tissues and muscular tissues was aligned with GEO database, and tested by qRT-PCR. F1 transgenic mice were mated and then the target genes and protein expression level in F2 transgenic mice, as well as fat content in F1 and F2 transgenic ...
Kanwal Haneef1,2, Rakhshinda Habib1,3, Nadia Naeem1,3 and Asmat Salim1,*
...use of death globally. Regeneration of cardiac tissue with the use of stem cells has appeared as an effective cell-based therapeutic option. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the potential candidates for cell therapy due to their ease of isolation, proliferation, anti-apoptotic and proangiogenic properties. MSCs have the ability to fuse with somatic cells in vivo and depending upon the microenvironment, the fusion products may perform tissue-specific fu...
Kang Chen1,2, Dekui He1, Chengzhi Ding3,4, Yintao Jia1 and Yifeng Chen1*
...eworthy. The information generated in this research can be used as a reference for stock discrimination of G. selincuoensis from the Tibetan Plateau. Further research is needed to explore the causes of shape variation.
...
Hui Wang1,2, Yuchen Zhao1 and Xinpu Wang1,*
...ghteen species from nine genera were collected in all regimes. The largest size of species and individuals occurred in mid-August, and species diversity and abundance were significantly greater in the typical enclosure area and the enclosed mowing area compared to the grazed area. The dominant species were Carabus vladimirskyi and Poecillus gebleri in enclosure areas and mowing areas while was Carabus glyptoterus in grazing areas. The key ...

Jo Ik-Hwan1, Choi Kwang-Won1, Muhammad Yaqoob2 and Muhammad Fiaz3*

...data were analyzed using general linear model procedure through Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). Dry matter (DM) yield of triticale-vetch mixed crop was higher (P<0.05) at 150 kg N/ha level than that of control and not different (P>0.05) from that of 50 and 100 kg N/ha. The DM yield of triticale-pea was not different (P>0.05) from that of control and triticale-vetch mixed crop at all manure levels. Crude protein (CP) yield of triticale hairy vetch...

Ayesha Gul1, Mohammad Sayyar Khan1*, Mazhar Ullah1 and Iqbal Munir3

...oreover, the plantlets regenerated from the selected calli showed improved root and shoot growth on media containing 7.5% PEG. Our results revealed that invitro analysis of sugarcane calli against PEG may be a useful strategy for initial screening and selection of stress tolerant sugarcane lines to be used in the future breeding programs.
...

Muhammad Zubair Ishaq1, Umar Farooq1, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2*, Saghir Ahmad2, Amna Bibi2, Hafeez UR Rehman3, Umar Farooq3, Javaria Ashraf4 and Samaria Nisar4

...important cash crop that generates a large amount of revenue in Pakistan. Cotton production was decreased due to climate change, biotic and abiotic factors, unpredictable rain patterns, high temperatures. Therefore, it needs to identify cultivars with suitable sowing time in a specific environment. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the yield potential of different cotton genotypes under different sowing dates (early to late). In 2019 and 2020, a...
Ayu Suci Wulandari1, Siwi Indarti1,2*, Muhannad Illayan Massadeh3 and Nguyen Van Minh4
...five parasitic nematodes genera in garlic, that are Ditylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Hoplolaimus sp., Rotylenchulus sp., and Pratylenchus sp. Abiotic factors as temperature has a positive influence on the abundance of Helicotylenchus sp., pH has a negative influence on the abundance of Hoplolaimus sp., organic matter has a positive effect on the abundance of Pratylenchus sp.. The diversity index of p...

Rahmat Gul1*, Imran Khan1, Iftikhar Alam2, Zia Uddin1 and Zafar Iqbal3

... of the year. Therefore, general Food Frequency Questionnaire  are not capable to report on dietary intake in Ramadan. T o define the design of a Food Frequency Questionnaire  to be used for the assessment of food intake during the fasting month of Ramadan. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. Data on food intake was collected using a 24-hour dietary recall   during the fasting month of Ramadan in 2018 from a sample of 109 (majori...
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Mohammad Nafees2, Tooba Saeed3, Khaliq Ur Rahman4 and Adila Bashir2
 
...rviewed. The solid waste generation rate for the operating industries was 125,481 kg/ day. Only 33% of the waste generated is reused, and 26% is sold to the community at low cost. About 41% solid waste is thrown away as waste. Fifty percent of discarded waste (41%) is properly collected and disposed of. These wastes include wood (27%), paper (20%), glass/ceramics (16%), metals (16%), plastics (11%), rubber (6%), and sand/sto...
Bushra Shaikh, Sadia Muniza Faraz*, Syed Riaz un Nabi Jafri, Syed Usman Ali
... by grid based model and generates an optimal or near optimal path. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated by simulation studies using MATLAB and VREP. The algorithm is verified by a sensors based robotic setup with three different maps. The experimental results verified self-localization technique with an accuracy of 98 % for a mobile robot prototype in an indoor environment. The proposed algorithm is simple, low cost, independent of lighting conditions and r...

Muhammad Nauman1, Iftikhar Ali3, Nazir Ahmad1,2*, Fazli Ahad1 and Touheed Iqbal4

...e effective in the early generation for the improvements of these studied traits. Generally, cross combinations C-88 × C-89, C-93 × C-95, C-97 × C-88 performed better for oleic acid, glucosinolate content, and erucic acid, so that these segregants could be used for biodiesel and other industrial purposes.

...
Anwar Khan1, Fareeha Nosheen2,4, Bushra Tabassum2*, Olawale Samuel Adeyinka2, Khurram Shehzad3, Naila Shahid2, Arif Muhammad Khan4 and Idrees Ahmad Nasir2
...ing strong RNAi response generated by shRNA. Our findings support the possibility of using consensus siRNA and shRNA-based approach as a promising strategy in effective inhibition of PVX in in-vitro assay. Down regulation of potato virus X through coat protein gene targeted siRNA is a potential way of inhibiting invading virus and to effectively stop its systemic spread.
...
Rizwana Sultan1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saba Usman1, Ahsan Anjum1,*, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Muhammad Usman3 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
...amination demonstrated degenerative changes, necrosis haemorrhages, and sloughing off epithelial cells of broad folds of caeca, mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the periportal area of the liver and mild depletion of lymphocyte in the bursa of Fabricius. The seven clades of avian Eimeria species strongly support that E. necatrix and E. tenella were closely associated and placed in the same sister clade with high bootstrap suppo...
Nagarathinam Arunkumar*, Jainullabudeen Gulsar Banu, Nagarajan Gopalakrishnan and Arkalgud Hiriyannaiah Prakash

 

...were classified into six genera, namely, Pseudoxanthomonas, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, Providencia, Enterobacter, and Serratia. Acinetobacter lwoffii PSAD2 and A. beijerinckii PSAD7isolatesshowed the maximum lipase production of 2.3 U/mL and 1.7 U/mL, respectively, in the quantification process. In addition, the growth curve analysis confirmed that lipase production is associated with the growth phase of ...
Azhar Abbas Khan*, Humaira Kanwal, Sumair Batool, Zeshan Hassan, Jawad Munawar Shah, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif, Ahmad Nawaz, Hasan Taha and Yasir Ishfaq

Usman Asghar1*, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Umer Rashid2, Naeem Mahmood Ashraf2, Sumera Afsheen1 and Muhammad Hashim1

...er of great interest for general public. DNA-based identification methods are ideal and reliable. DNA was extracted from muscle tissues of cow, buffalo, goat, donkey and a dog. A set of degenerative primers was designed for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of the cytochrome b gene fragment. All PCR was accomplished at the same reaction conditions. Amplified products had a length of 400 bp, which was our estimated length. Afte...

Kirshan Chand1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro3, Sohail Ahmed Otho1 and Jamal-U-Din Hajano4

...d. The Durov diagram was generated which delineated that the overall water samples fell under mixed zones, therefore, the groundwater found neither anion dominant nor cation dominant, but Na-Cl type. The results further revealed that 95% of water samples (38) were alkaline in nature and unfit for dilution purposes of insecticide including Abamectin, Cyromazine, Fluvalinate, Imidacloprid, Methiocarb and Spiromesifen. Moreover, all the samples were exceeding the...
Muhammad Mohsin Javed1*, Muhammad Azhar Nisar2 and 

Muhammad Usman Ahmad2 

... for evaluation of power generation. The MFC with 50 mM NaCl concentration showed maximum response and gave 88.9 W/m2 power densities and 569 mV of open circuit voltage. The results showed that NaCl, at its optimum level, plays an important role in increasing the bioelectricity and sustaining the internal resistivity. Six different pH parameters were subjected to check the effectiveness of the treatment on the power production. The maximum power pro...

Riaz Alam1*, Muhammad Sajid2 and Durri Shahwar3

... 72.00% rooting success, generated 5.85 number of roots per layering with 6.65 cm length, 2.47 g root weight and 4.89 number of re-sprouts and 7.00 cm shoot length while the untreated saplings took maximum days to root appearance (50.40) and lowest rooting percentage (47.07%), and minimum number of roots (3.50) per layering, root length (3.93 cm), root thickness (2.28 mm), root weight (1.46 g), number of re-sprouts (3.21) per layering and shoot length (4.81 cm...

Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui1*, Muhammad Mahran Aslam1, Mahboob Ali Sial1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Shafquat Yasmeen1, Shumaila Sial2 and Imtiaz Ahmad Khan1

...adiations), released for general cultivation practices in the province of Sindh.
...
Ziyue Qin1, Zhen Wang1, Ali Mujtaba Shah3,4, Zifan Ning1, Yaofu Tian1, Qing Zhu1, Yan Wang1, Huadong Yin1, Zhichao Zhang1, Lu Zhang1, Lin Ye1, Diyan Li1, Gang Shu2 and Xiaoling Zhao1,*
Wei Luo 1,2,3, Yongtao Jin 1,2,3, Xuqing Li 1,2,3 and Ke Liu 1,2,3*
...d by extracting the mask generated in the detection of the MASK R-CNN, following which the information of both the population number and the distribution of all kinds of large herbivores can be estimated. According to the data of domestic herbivores on hand provided by the General grassland station of Qinghai province, the difference percentage of Tibetan sheep, yak, and horse is 7.5%, 8.1%, and 18.7%, respectively.
Nida Sadaqat1, Abdul Wajid2, Quratul Ain2, Muhammad Zia Akbar2Farkhanda Manzoor4, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Nasir Ali3,  Masroor Ellahi Babar3 and Tanveer Hussain3*
...crapie is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the accumulation of improperly folded forms of host-encoded cellular-prion protein (PrPc) in the central nervous system (CNS) and in some peripheral tissues in sheep and goats. Scrapie resistant/susceptibility have been associated with the presence of PRNP gene polymorphisms. We analyzed the polymorphisms in PRNP gene sequences in 49 wild Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabie...

Mazhar Ullah and Mohammad Sayyar Khan*

...uce maximum callus and regenerated plantlets. In this research, different auxins [Dichlorophenoxy Acetic acid (2,4-D), Nephthalene Acetic Acid (NAA)], cytokinin [Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP)] either alone or in combination with each other and carbon sources [sucrose, glucose and fructose] with varying concentrations (2, 4 and 6%) were evaluated for their effect on the tissue culture of sugarcane variety-CP 77/400. For callus induction 2,4-D as an auxin was found ...
He Yujiao1,2, Xie Huichun1, Lin Gonghua2,3, ZhangTongzuo2,3, Su Jianping2,3 and Du Yurong1*
...stering analysis results generated using mtDNA versus microsatellite markers. The most obvious difference between the two markers was reflected in the fact that the populations Yelashan (YLS) and Bangda (BD) represented a separate cluster based on the microsatellite data. Additionally, our studies involving the comparison of the two markers also reveal that a few of the differentiated populations from the middle region have a higher admixture. Due to a faster ...
Syed Sikandar Habib1*, Saira Naz2, Sadia Nawaz1, Iqra Ameer1, Ameer Khatoon1, Hameed Ur Rehman3, Sahibzada Muhammad Jawad4 and Haider Ali5
...for the current study is generally widely cultured in Pakistan and worldwide. Fish sampling was done by using different nets (river and farm) and blood sampling was immediately drawn from caudal peduncle by syringe and added in EDTA containing vial and shake well for proper mixing. Vials stored in ice containing boxes and carried to laboratory for total complete blood count. The water parameter was analyzed in laboratory by taking the sample of water and some ...
Nabila Rasheed1*, Bushra Waseem1, Kanwal Haneef2, Shumaila Usman3, Madeeha Sadiq1, Tabinda Urooj1, Sarah Tarique2 and Dabeeran Zeha4
...therapeutic agents for regeneration and are a valuable source for stem cell banking. Current investigation shows metabolic disorders are not only responsible for genetic problems and certain disease risk factors in adult life but also have adverse effects on perinatal environment. This study was designed for the comparative analysis of viability and healing properties of GDM affected WJMSCs (GDM-WJMSCs) with Normal controls (N- WJMSCs). Mesenchymal stromal cel...
Jhan Zeb1*, Saiqa Tufail1, Nausheen Saboohi1, Zafar Samuel2, Asher Azeem3, Yaseen Amir4 and Sehrish Akram5
.... The carcass lipid were generally higher in fish groups fed lower protein level whereas the fish groups fed higher protein level fetched comparatively lower body lipids. Body ash contents of L. rohita varied slightly among the treatments showing no obvious significant influence of varying lipid/protein levels.
...

Tilahun Woretaw1, Netsanet Beyero2*, Yonatan Kassu3 

...erviews were employed to generate data. The descriptive data were analyzed by percentages, means, and standard errors of the mean. At the same time quantitative data were subjected to ANOVA. P. schimperiana leaves and twigs were used as animal feed, traditional medicinal value, and source of income as indicated by 100, 59.4, and 44.6% of respondents, respectively. As animal feed, about 100, 80.2, 69.3, 58.4, 50.5, 42.6, 30.7, 19.8, and 5.9% of them utilized to...
Hongbin Li1,2, Lei Fang1, 3 and Lei Cao1,2*
...atellite-derived GWI are generally poor predictors of the arrival dates of spring migrating eastern tundra bean geese, but that deviations related to differential habitat use along the flyway and the need to arrive on the breeding areas ahead of snowmelt to coincide subsequent hatching of goslings with optimal food availability.
...

Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Umar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan2, Ijaz Ahmed3, Amir Manzoor1, Muhammad Saqib Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan Arif1 and Asif Nawaz1

Romaan Hayat Khattak1, Zhensheng Liu1*, Liwei Teng1* and Ejaz ur Rehman2
... species representing 18 genera, 12 families and six orders of mammals were recorded in Nowshera district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (KP), Pakistan from an inventory conducted from November 2018 to July 2019. Selected locations were scanned by walking and grey literature was used. Five of the recorded species were found in captive breeding facilities while rest of the species were recorded exclusively from the wild. Order Artiodactyla was the most diverse gr...

Ho Shi Hui1, Eng-Keng Seow2, Nurul Huda1* 

... treated with ultrasound generated by sonicator (frequency 40±0.2 kHz) for different times, and their pH, colour, foaming capacity and stability, emulsifying activity, tube inverting test, folding test, expressible moisture and texture profile analysis were compared. Ultrasound treatment had caused a significant (p<0.05) change in pH, foaming capacity, and the folding test score of egg white gel. However, texture profile analysis showed that the hard...

Yan Jiang1,2, Xia Tao3,4 and Hongxia Chen5,6*

...=46) based on a computer-generated random number table. On the basis of conventional treatment, the control group was given prednisone and cyclophosphamide treatment, and the study group was given rituximab-assisted prednisone and cyclophosphamide treatment, both of which were treated for 6 months. The efficacy, adverse reactions, and recurrence rates of 1 and 2 years after treatment, clinical symptom scores and renal function indices such as urine protein qua...

Mustafa Ozan Atasoy

...HVT constructs have been generated by various methods and some of these constructs have been made commercially available so far. The efficacy of HVT-vectored vaccines has been assessed either individually or in combination with other vaccine formulations; hence, the optimal competence of these vaccines against viral diseases has been reported. Based on the current knowledge, this article outlines the benefits and drawbacks of HVT-vectored vaccines in combating...

Keiven Mark B. Ampode1*, Federico C. Mendoza2 

...l inputs, and the income generated increases as high as 30.86% of the return above feed and chick cost. In conclusion, 5% oregano powder can be incorporated without adverse effects on the production performance and cell-mediated immunity.

Keywords | Broiler chicken, Oregano powder, Lymphoid organs, Cell-mediated immunity, Feed additives 

...
Elfadil Elfadul Babiker1, Khalid Ahmed Abdoun2*, Fahad AL Juhaimi1, Kashif Ghafoor1, Riyadh Salih Aljumaah2 and Ahmed Abrahim Al-Haidary2
...tation of Moringa on the general animal health and immunity, which might be reflected in the improvement of shelf life of animal products (milk or meat).

...

Jiao Ma*

...the potential for self-regeneration and differentiation into cell types that can play an important role in embryogenesis and embryonic development. So far, seven types of cardiac stem cells with different molecular phenotypes and differentiation potentials have been discovered and studied. Increased proliferation and differentiation of these cells in areas of cardiac ischemia is a significant factor in the repair and enhancement of heart injury. This role of e...

Saeed Ahmed Essote1, Asim Iqbal1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2*, Asmatullah Kakar1, Imran Taj2, Shahab-ud-Din Kakar1 and Imran Ali 3,4*

...resenting 6 families, 20 genera and 37 species were collected. The family wise representation among collected specimens has been Boidae (4.6%), Leptotyphlopidae (7.5%), Typhlopidae (10.3%), Elapidae (11.7%), Viperidae (13.4%) and Colubridae (52.5%). The percentage of family Boidae, Typhlopidae, Elapidae and Leptotyphlopidae were high in Sibi Division while family Viperidae and Colubridae were dominant in Quetta Division. The family Colubridae has been the most...

Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Chinedu Ifeanyi Atama*, Fejiokwu Esther Chioma, Ifeanyi O Aguzie, Godwin I Ngwu and Christopher Didigwu Nwani

...arasites in the world in general and in Nigeria in particular are fragmentary and not readily available. Given this paucity of information, the present work is aimed at investigating gut parasites of donkeys and horses of Udenu Local Government Area (LGA), Enugu state, Nigeria. Standard procedure of parasite search in vertebrates was used. A total of 23 donkeys and 24 horses were examined for gut helminth parasites. In total, out of 47 equines examined, 43 (91...

Mohamed S. Hussein1*, Hanan A. Fahmy2, Ashraf A. Abd El Tawab3 

...s observed against first generation (86.1% for nalidixic acid, and 81.9% for flumequine), and lowest rate against levofloxacin (33.3%). A total of 24 isolates, dsplaying high resistance to at least 5 fluroquinolone antibiotics, were then screened for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA and aac(6′)-Ib-cr by PCR. The results revealed that 22 isolates (91.7%) harboured at least one PMQR gene, with qnrS being the most fr...

Tran Thi Bich Ngoc1,2, Ninh Thi Huyen1,2, Nguyen Cong Oanh2, Pham Kim Dang2* 

... and the combination. In general, a diet containing a combination of PROB and ORAC had larger effects on parameters observed than a diet containing either PROB or ORAC.

Keywords | Fecal noxious gas emission, Growth performance, Nutrient digestibility, Organic acid, Pig, Probiotics 

...

Abdul Haleem1*, Ghulam Hassan1, Arshad Iqbal2, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Sajid3, Farhad Ahmad4, Rafi Ullah Khan5 and Mohammad Ilyas2

...ssive segregant in early generation. To assess genetic variability, broad sense heritability and traits varied from, 36 lines of wheat were field tested in RCBD with three replications. The experimental materials include twenty eight F2 population and eight parents. Data showed considerable genetic variation amongst the studied lines, parents, F2 progeniessand parent versus F2 progenies for all the studied traits. Among parents, best lines were Atta-Habib for ...
Zane Vincevica-Gaile1, Karina Stankevica1, Maris Klavins1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Damat Damat3*, Praptiningsih Gawawati Adinurani4, Lili Zalizar5, Muhammad Zul Mazwan6, Juris Burlakovs7
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi8,9, Rista Anggriani3 and Aamir Sohail10
 
 
...nt assignment for future generations. The necessity for peat-free soil amendments is also directed by the targets of circular economy and environmental sustainability goals, leading to reducing or abandoning the use of fossil resources and paying attention to waste utilization as secondary raw material. This paper aims to discuss general features of peat-free soil amendments as well as provide efforts into the use of seconda...

Yao Zou, Shien Ren, Miao Xu, Nannan Liang, Xuxin Zhang, Chongxuan Han and Xiaoning Nan

...zokors include two major genera, Eospalax and Myospalax, which can be distinguished by skull shape. However, due to few available studies on skull morphology of zokors, the interspecific differentiation of their skulls is still unclear. To differentiate among species and to describe the sexual dimorphism within each species, we measured morphological variation using one-way analysis of variance and cluster analysis in four species of zokor including Eospalax c...

Shuangye Wang1,2, Yunlin Zhao1,2, Zhenggang Xu2,3,*, Junzhi Chen3, Guiyan Yang3, Song Wang2 and Kangkang Jiang2

 

...not be too far apart. In general, the home range distribution and size changed with the changing periods i.e. dry period and wet period. Available space, food resources, and shelter were influenced by water level variation in Dongting Lake, and water level may be the main factor affecting the distribution and home range size of milu population, indirectly utilizing the habitat.

...

Lungile Gumede1,2, Thobela L. Tyasi1, Teedzai Chitura1*, Khanyisile R. Mbatha3 

...dy were analysed using a general linear model (GLM) procedure in a completely randomized design. The results indicated that only platelet counts, monocyte counts and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) showed significant differences (p<0.05) amongst the 11 blood profiles observed in this study. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in body weight gain (BWG), growth rate (GR) and metabolic weight gain (MWG). No significant differences (p>0.05) were obs...

Dabeeran Zehra1, Zahida Memon1, Shumaila Usman2,*, Almas Jabeen3, Kauser Ismail1 and Rehan Ahmed Siddiqui2

...nisms against this drug, generates necessity to develop novel therapeutic strategies and drugs. Recently macrolides have drawn attention of researchers in the treatment of cancer owing to their proposed chemotherapeutic role, based on the concept of repurposing, as they are well tolerated, less toxic and inexpensive. In this study we evaluated the combine effects of low dose of Azithromycin with Sorafenib in HepG2 cell line. Co-treatment of Sorafenib and Azith...

Arif Mehmood*, Muhammad Naeem and Ata-ul-Mohsin

...osquitoes belonging to 5 genera and 28 species were collected. Culex spp. were found throughout year, Anopheles spp. through March-November. Armigeres spp. through January-November, Aedes spp. through April-November and Lutzia spp. were found in the months January-March and June-November. Seasonal distribution pattern is an asset in controlling any epidemic occurred due to mosquito vector. This pattern informs about the active period, favorable temperature and...

Aasma Younas*, Ijaz Iqbal and Atif Akbar

...e results suggested some general rules for the construction of such designs. For p ≤ 5 and different combinations of n and p. All possible shifts will help the planners to enhance their choice.

...

Maid Zaman1*, Imtiaz Ali Khan1, Amjad Usman1 and Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi2

...untry but its diversity, genera strength, percent host and habitat attacked for district Swabi, Buner and Haripur is unreported. After collection (either on spot or through NIFA-Termaps) and identification, all districts had equal species number (05) but different type of species from the genera Heterotermes (02), Odontotermes (04) and Angulitermes (01). Genus Odontoteremes is more strengthened (57%) in number of species fol...
Muhammad Faisal Riaz1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1 and Talha Nazir2
... species belonging to 12 genera from district Sargodha. Brevicoryne brassicae was recorded as the most abundant species with 8,470 (16.6%) specimens, followed by Myzus persicae with 6,655 (13%) and Aphis gossypii with 5,348 (10.5%) specimens. While, Sitobion rosaeformis with 276 (0.5%) and Aphis nerii with 210 (0.4%) specimens were recorded as the least abundant species. Maximum aphid diversity was recorded on cereal and oilseed crops, while minimum was observ...

Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed1, Aziz Ullah2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta3*, Amna Bibi3, Hafeez-ur-Rehman4 and Umar Farooq4

...dditionally used in next generations for improved morphological indices conferring drought-tolerant genotypes.

...

Shumaila Nazir1, Iqbal Javed1, Muhammad Luqman2* and Azra3

Panjono1*, Endy Triyannanto2, Widagdo Sri Nugroho3, Muhammad Danang Eko Yulianto1, Bayu Andri Atmoko1,4

Mohamed Attia Ahmed Awad1*, Obaida Abdel Kareem Almasri2, Mohamed Abd El-Aziz Mohamed Ibrahim1, Rabie Ragab Sadek1, Samy Abou-Bakr1

Tarık Bugra Saruhan and Alptug Sarı*

...altitudes whereas, it is generally distributed in forest areas at higher elevations. In forest areas, it has been observed that it can easily use forests with high closure as well as forest areas with low closure. The elements that threaten the jackal are lack of information about the species, poaching, predator pressure, stray dogs, roads, agricultural drugs, and environmental pollution.

...

Hilarius Yosef Sikone1*, Budi Hartono2, Suyadi2, Bambang Ali Nugroho2 

...ain for the abattoir. In general, The product and financial flows were distributed vertically, while the information flow was vertical and horizontal. The highest added value of farmers was (60,6%), and marketing institutions or butchers was 25,1%.

Keywords | Added value, Supply chain, Market players, Cattle 

...

Rafiqul Islam1, Nasrin Sultana1*, Md. Abu Hadi Noor Ali Khan2 

...on showed myofibrillar degeneration and vacuolation in the DEX groups with an extensive degree at days 21 and 28 of the trial. It can be concluded that the DEX treatment affect the serum biochemical markers as well as the morphologic and morphometric parameters of the broiler heart.

Keywords | Dexamethasone, Broiler, Heart, Biochemistry, Morphometry 

...

Naila Shahzadi1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Shaukat Ali1, Muhammad Farooq Bhatti2, Azizullah1, Shafaat Yar Khan3, Abdul Khaliq4

...mily manpower for income generation via indoor activities. It has potential to provide a livelihood for the poor rural families and can play a crucial role to uplift the economy of our country. Unfortunately, this industry has not been on the list of priorities of our Government. Currently, Pakistan is importing silk from other countries to meet the demand of local market. Nutritional background of larval stage (1st, 2nd and 3rd instars etc.) significantly inf...
Ni Putu Vidia Tiara Timur1*, Maria Maliga Vernandes Sasadara2, Purwanta1, Anak Agung Jayawardhita3
...ublingualis glands under general anasthesia using a combination of Ketamin and Xylacine ad the sedative agent. The dog was prescribed five days post-surgery medication using an antibiotic, an anti-inflammatory agent and supportive therapy. Regular monitoring was conducted for two months before it was confirmed that no saliva was re-accumulated.
 
Keywords | Salivary mucocele, Surgery, Treatment, Local dog, Bali
...

Evrim Sönmez

...cides in the market, are generally preferred by producers who want to engage in organic or environmentally sensitive agriculture. Although there are a large number of sources in literature on the mortality rates of Beauveria bassiana’s A. obtectus, studies on the effects on the biology of the pest, the number of eggs it lays and the number of adults emerging from beans after the application are limited. In this study, the effects of different concentrati...

Nazakat Nawaz1, Nasir Mahmood Cheema2*, Malik Muhammad Yousaf3, Muhammad Jahanzaib1, Mubashir Ahmad Khan1 and Muhammad Munir4

...d was continued up to F5 generation. The generations, F2 to F5 were raised for consecutive selection as single plant progeny rows along with parents. PG-1090 being medium duration showed overall higher mean yield (4912 kg ha-1) in preliminary, advance, national uniform yield and on-farms trials compared to other lines and check cultivars BARD-479 and Golden. Its attributes include 70% shelling, 100-kernel weight 66g, 20-pods...

Rana A. Ali1, Abd-Elraheim A. Elshater2, Heba A. Mohammed3*, Mahmoud Elshazly4 

... induced necrosis, and degenerative changes with vacuolation. Treated groups displayed moderate to mild vacuolation and congestion of the blood vessels. Conclusion: The experience showed the effectiveness of the laser and its few side effects in treating diabetic rats.

Keywords | Diabetes mellitus, Laser, Biochemical parameters, Histopathology.  

...

Honnakerappa S. Ballari1 and Shashikant S. Udikeri2*

...nineties. Hence many new generation pesticides are in use widely. To know the status of different insecticides belonging pyrethroid, ogranophaopsahte and carbamate molecules monitoring was exercised using populations of H. armigera collected from different agroclimatic situations in Karnataka state, India. An abstinent to tremendous resistance was documented for synthetic pyrethroids, carbamates and organphosphates insecticide despite under use of these molecu...

Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan

... habitat; 13 were “generalists”, 6 species were “rare to classify”, 9 species were “poplar specialist” and only one species was “Eucalyptus opportunist.” Common myna and house crow were the most abundant species. Black kite, house crow, and common myna were found to be making nests on trees only. A clear pattern of habitat selection is present in the study area where poplar is a winner species in richness of bird...
Muhammad Tariq Khan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Riffat Sultana3*, Anjum Munir1 and Sajjad Ahmad4
...n Sindh province under 5 genera i.e. Delta, Knemodynerus, Antepipona, Allorhynchium, Antodynerus. Besides this, their bio-geographical affiliations have also been discussed. Of these species and subspecies 6 are part of the Oriental fauna, one is part of the Afrotropical and Palearctic Region and three belong to Oriental, Afrotropical and Palearctic Regions. This reconfirms the transitional bio-geographical position of the Pakistani fauna. However, more specie...

A.J. Shoyombo1, O.O. Alabi, B.M. Falana1*, R.A. Animashahun1, S.O. Olawoye1, F.A. Okenniyi1, M.A. Popoola2, C.I. Ukim2, A.M. Ake, A.E. Jubril3 

...vement in defecation and general performance of the calf after the third day. Furthermore, there was no complication reported in the calf after fifteen days (15) of the procedure. This result shows that Atresia ani can be properly managed at the Landmark University Teaching and Research farm. This affirms the ability of the Institution to promote standard practices in Livestock Production Management.

Keywords | Atresia ani, Calf, Livestock. Clinical, P...

Muhammad Idrees1, Bashir Ahmad2, Muhammad Waqas1, Syed Muhammad Mukarram Shah3 and Saad Ahmad Khan4

...is were selected for the generation of pharmacophores. The validated pharmacophores model of all the four proteins, generated on the basis of ligand base, were selected for further screening of ZINC drug like database. As a screening results 486 structurally diverse hits for katG, 542 for PncA, 112 for rpoB and 365 for gyrA were mapped and filtered via Lipinski’s rule of five. Finally, on the basis of docking score and...

Roheela Yasmeen1* and Samia Chaudhry2

...s. Out of the four known genera, alpha and beta corona viruses are the most commonly recognized viruses infecting human beings. COVID-19 is a new virus that is highly contagious. It spreads through infected persons in its prodromal stage which suggest its transmission is not likely through air. COVID-19 can affect people of all age groups and mostly results in the death of people with weak immune systems. Its most common reported symptoms are fever, fatigue, d...

Muhammad Altaf1* Arshad Mahmood Abbasi2, Muhammad Shoaib Amjad3, Sadia Naseer1 and Muhammad Umair4

...es are classified into 4 genera: Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus. Betacoronavirus most probably originated from bats and the virus may have jumped to avian species and evolved as Deltacoronavirus group. The avian coronaviruses jumped among other avian species, giving rise to Gammacoronavirus from Deltacoronavirus, while Betacoronavirus may have given rise to Alphacoronavirus. It is known that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to Betac...

Abida Shehzadi*, Muhammad Shafique and Ahmad Ali Shahid

...ing plot (MDS) were also generated by using online tools at YHRD database. The data from this study could have significant importance in forensic applications, population studies and in strengthening the Y-STR database.

...

Aml M. Ragab1*, Maha R. Basyoni1, Enas A.I. Khoris2, Nadia A. Abd Elghany3 

...r the groEL PCR products generated from 28 references B. cereus group strains and our isolates. Comparison of sequences showed that our strain groups were identical to others in nucleotide sequence similarity, ranging from 98% to 100%. The topology of the groEL- based trees was comparable to that of the phylogenetic tree from B. cereus group strains. Three subclusters could be identified, (nhe) and (cytK) could be detected in all of the B. cereus isolates, (hb...
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi1,2*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi3,4, Erkata Yandri3,4, Kiman Siregar5,6, Aris Winaya7, Damat Damat7, Wahyu Widodo7, Ahmad Wahyudi7, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani4,8
Maizirwan Mel9, Ivar Zekker10, Muhammad Zul Mazwan7, Devi Dwi Siskawardani7
Endang Dwi Purbajanti11 and Ida Ekawati12
...is Jacq.) is able to generate a higher yield than soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), and sunflower (Helianthus L). Relatively affordable in price, palm oil is in high demand in Asia. Further than a food source, Crude Palm Oil also serves as feedstock for biodiesel – an environmentally friendly renewable energy. In Indonesia, the palm oil industry plays an essential role in the national economy. Howeve...

Md. Taimur Islam1*, Mirza Mienur Meher2, Anas Bin Harun3 and Md. Golam Haider1

 

...nths aged chickens. AMPV generally infects the upper respiratory tract of poultry, which has been isolated for the first time in Bangladesh in 2016. Alternatively, adult chickens are more susceptible to IB and ILT. The prevalence of mycoplasmosis and aspergillosis are higher during the winter season and are reported to occur due to poor management systems. Overall, respiratory diseases are most common in the country and outbreaks of such diseases appear freque...

Judith Kiptoo1*, Daniel Mutisya2, Paul Ndegwa1, Ruth Amata3, Lucy Irungu4 and Rotich Godfrey5

...ndicated that four major genera were abundant in different citrus growing ecological zones in Kenya. The identified species were Meloidogyne incognita, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Helicotylenchus dihystera and, Pratylenchus brachyurus. The most abundant species in all the surveyed localities was T. semipenetrans. Factor regression analysis results showed that modest rainfall amounts favoured high density populations of PPNs on citrus roots where soil types of R...

Maria Qibtia1, Sehrish Faryal1, Muhammad Wasim1, Farzana Chowdhary1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Ahmed Mansovuri2, Zeeshan Ahmed2, Muhammad Hamid3 and Ali Raza Awan1,*

...rmined phenotypic trait, generally related to pastoralism and milk consumption. However, Lactose non-persistence (LNP) results from the progressive decline of Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) activity in enterocytes. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) associated with occurrence of LP/LNP are different for European, Asian, African-American, Northern African and Arab populations. In this study, we studied, the association of these SNPs with LNP in Pakist...

M.A. Salam1,*, Sarada Kanta Bhagabati1, Rajdeep Datta1, H. Ramananda Singh2 and Gunajit Oinam2

...d of 29 species under 20 genera, 11 families and 6 orders. The study revealed that, among the identified fish species Amblypharyngodon mola, Esomus dandricus, Puntius sophore and Channa orientalis was found to be highly abundant. The recorded six orders comprised namely, Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Anabantiformes, Perciformes, Gobiiformes and Synbranchiformes. The Cypriniformes formed one of the most dominant order as compared to all other orders recorded in ...

Wei Cui1, Yanwei Du1, Lijuan Jiang1, Yan Wei1, Yuguo Li1, Wenfeng Zhang1* and Ling Zhang2*

...closely related to the degeneration and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which has the functions of benefit qi, activing blood circulation and dredging collaterals. To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of BHD on hippocampal neurons in diabetes, a high glucose (HG) induced PC12 cell injury model was established, cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected. Th...

Nkiru E. Ekechukwu, Felicia N. Ekeh, Chinenye M. Ohanu, Hope C. Ezinwa and Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie*

...in Ikpa. The information generated from this study will provide the much needed assistance in disease monitoring and guideline in health policy decision making in the study area.

...

Jawad Abdullah Butt1*, Yasmin Nergis1, Ahmad Hussain2 and Mughal Sharif1 

...al data. For electricity generation, the utilization of Thar coal assets is not limited to their burning, but additional steps must be taken to utilize the tools to reduce the pollution volume of coal and its harmful impacts on the environment. Innovative tools with advanced efficacy and fewer environmental impacts are essential to handle these low-rank coals and to transform them into energy e.g., Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor (CFBC) and other Clean Coa...

Abdul Majeed1, Zhenlin Liang2, Lixin Zhu2, Chunli Liu2, Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1,* and Faisal Saeed1

...ainable level for future generation.
...

Phassakon Nuntapanich1*, Hathaichanok Nuntapanich2 and Woraman Maicharoen3

...transferred from the old generation as local wisdom. It is the tools considering as an appropriate technology, which enables the ecosystem to continually provide services to the farmer (e.g., local food security, household income, surface water supply for rice production and enhance soil nutrients for rice crop) without damaging the ecosystem’s capacity to provide the services. The marketing channel can be divided into three types are 1) travel-customer,...

Barirah Rehman Talpur1, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1*, Imdad Hussain Leghari2, Mansoor Tariq1, Aisha Rehman3, Shahnawaz Kumbhar1 

...nd sinusoids and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes. Kidney tissues of both rabbits and broilers revealed marked shrinkage of glomeruli with widened bowman’s spaces along with inflammatory cellular infiltration. It is concluded that high dose (200mg/l) of Sodium Fluoride causes liver and kidney dysfunction in both species along with lesions in digestive system of broilers.

Keywords | Fluorosis, Rabbits, Broilers, Liver, Kidney 

...

Mohamed El-Henfnawy*, Essam A. El-Gendy, Ahamed M. El-Kaiaty, Mostafa Helal 

... was deceased at the 6th generation of selection, it has been retrieved at the 10th generation of selection.

Keywords | Local chicken, Body weight, Selection, Growth rate, Sustainability  

...
Emtenan M. Hanafi1*, Fouad M. Tawfeek2, Walid S. El Nattat1, Moetazza M. Alshafei3, Seham S. Kassem3, Kawkab A. Ahmed4, Enas N. Danial5, Hagar Elbakry3, Hoda S. El-Sayed2
...eed additives to enhance general health and to study its effect on the reproductive performance of male albino rat. Total flavonoids, total phenolics, DPPH, HPLC and antimicrobial test against different types of bacteria were done for SP extract. BL has been microencapsulated in association with SP. Twentiy eight. adult male rats were divided into 4 equal groups. G1 received high fat diet (HFD), G2 received HFD and microencapsulated BL, G3 was supplemented by ...
Mohamed Lebdah1, Sahar Abd El Rahman2*, Ahmed Attia3, Reham Karam2, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1, Mohamed Ibrahim El Bagoury1
... of hepatic sinusoids, degenerative changes in the hepatic cells and interstitial lymphocytic aggregations in the liver and focal pneumonic areas in the lung. Pooled samples from the investigated quails were inoculated in specific pathogen free embryonated chicken eggs (SPF-ECEs). The dead embryos showed hemorrhages, congestion and dwarfism. The collected allantoic fluids were examined later by haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test...

Mimi Syazwani Jaapar1, Eric Lim Teik Chung1,2*, Nazri Nayan1, Mamat Hamidi Kamalludin1,2, Mookiah Saminathan3, Kalai Vaani Muniandy2, Muhammad Hazziq Mohd Hamdan1, Shokri Jusoh1, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse2,4 

Tu Thi Minh Tran1*, Diep Hoang Tran1, Thuong Thi Nguyen2, Tomas J. Acosta3, Takeshi Tsuruta4, Naoki Nishino4, Hai Thanh Duong5

...onment, Microbiota, Next generation sequencing, Tropics
...
Rubaijaniza Abigaba1,4*, Pharaoh C. Sianangama1, Progress H. Nyanga2, Edwell S. Mwaanga3, Wilson N.M. Mwenya1
... (3.81±0.02) were generally positive. The influence of awareness level on the mean attitude scores was significant for both male (P<0.001) and female respondents (P<0.001). In conclusion, this study has revealed significant disparities in socio-demographic characteristics, awareness, and attitudes between male and female traditional pig farmers. The observed gender gaps, if not attended to, may negatively impact on efforts to improve pig productio...

Zahra Hussain, Zulfiqar Ali* and Rida Ahmad

...iseases 26%, followed by generalized conditions 23%, gastrointestinal issues 17%, and cardiovascular issues 7%. In animals, out of total 102 different diseases and pathological conditions, the maximum variation was noted in mouflon sheep (Ovis orientalis orientalis), hog deer (Axis porcinus) and spotted deer (Axis axis). In birds, 37% infectious diseases, 24% generalized conditions, 15% gastrointestinal and 9% respiratory is...

Samia Azad1, Iram Liaqat1*, Riffat Iqbal1 and Uzma Rafi2

...ncreased apoptosis and degenerated nuclei alongwith missing cytoplasmic boundaries were observed at high concentration of exposure (0.4-1.0 ppm). Likewise, CdCl2 at high concentrations (0.6-1.0 ppm) had toxic effects kidneys and severe pyknosis, degenerated renal tubule, loss of cell integrity in complete tissue were observed. Pronounced degeneration of liver tissues, severe vacuolization,...

Noor Muhammad Khan1,2, Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,3*, Rashid Rehan2 and Iftikhar Zeb4

...tration in the effluents generated from the Hayatabad Industrial Estate and the phytoremediation capabilities of two locally available plant species Arundo donax (A.d) and Typha latifolia (T.l) for removing HM from the untreated wastewater of Hayatabad Peshawar used for irrigation downstream. The wastewater analysis showed that HM concentration exceeds the limits of thresholds values. For phytoremediation the T.l was tested in both on-site (in-situ) and labora...

Samina Malik1, Tahira Jabeen Ursani1, Naheed Mehmood Soomro1, Naeem Tarique Narejo2, Jawaid Ahmed Khokhar1* and Asif Soomro1

...nged into 25 species, 15 genera and ten spider families. After analyzing the data from growing to harvesting of sugarcane, two spider guilds were identified on the basis of feeding and circadian behavior. Assemblage of spiders in the sugarcane filed studied under the umbrella of guild study clearly indicate that spiders are voracious predators and excellent biological control agents. Circadian rhythm is necessary for the adaptation in the environment. In prese...

Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir Rajput1, Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Ghulam Murtaza Kaleri2, Tanzeela-ul-Zahra1,3, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4 and Zeeshan Rasheed1

...pproximate and corrected generation time of FAW between leaves and stems. Innate capacity of increase (rc) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) recorded on stems (0.1237±0.0032 and 0.1248±0.0033, respectively) were higher than leaves (0.1027±0.0025 and 0.1034±0.0026, respectively). Finite rate of increase (λ), doubling time (DT) and net reproductive rate (Ro) observed on maize stems (0.3363±0.0086, 5.61±0...

Oluwaseun Adetarami1*, Oluwatoyin Olagunju2, Babatunde Adebayo Oyebamiji1, Adegboyega Abel Odeyemi3 and Sina Basil Johnson4

...commended that effective general extension services should be extended to the study area to intensify the use of FBS introduced innovative skills by farmers for cocoa production. 

...

Syed Muhammad Amir1*, Shehzad Khan2, Asif Ali Abro3, Ehsan Inamullah4 and Tahir Mehmood5

...as adoption; and it also generates opportunity of alternative activities in saved time, and enhances fuel energy consumption pattern. Biogas technology brings improvement in the economic condition in terms of reduced expenditure (on buying other fuel energy materials and on buying chemical fertilizers), and in terms of higher earnings from selling trees. In light of the findings from this research, biogas technology has been proved to have great potential to i...

Atta Ullah*, Nasrullah Khan, Ataur Rahman and Rafi Ullah 

... species belonging to 99 genera and 50 families were recorded and identified with the help of available literature. Of these, monocots were represented by 17 species under 15 genera and 5 families, while dicots were represented by 99 species belonging to 84 genera and 45 families. The results reflect that 24% of plants were used as fodder, 29% fuel, 20% medicinal, 17% construction, and fur...

Najmul Saqib* and Himayathullah Khan

...acticing agroforestry to generate their livelihood. To conduct this study, two distracts namely Mardan and Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan was purposively selected. In district Mardan, agroforestry is practiced as boundary line plantations; while in Swat intercropping is more common characteristics. A total of 390 households involved in agroforestry practices were interviewed. The study investigated the effect of agroforestry practices on farm income of r...

Limei Yuan1, Kong Yang1* and Dechun Jiang2*

...o was divided into three genera. In addition, Rhacophorus laoshan and Zhangixalus yinggelingensis were placed in the genus Rhacophorus sensu stricto and Zhangixalus, respectively, only based on morphological characters. The research on the genus Rhacophorus sensu lato faces major challenges due to their complex interspecies relationships, and the phylogenetic status of many species are still unclear, which hampered the taxonomy and protection of these species....

Abdullah Channo1*, Asmatullah Kaka1, Qudratullah Kalwar2, Imdadullah Jamali3, Ghulam Jelani2, Muhammad Bakhsh4, Ghulam Nabi Dahri5 and Jai Parkash Goil6

...rmonal imbalance. COD is generally at highest from 30 to 60 days of postpartum. The exact pathogenesis of COD is still not confirmed, but the abnormal neuroendocrine reflex of hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction, molecular alteration in growing follicle are important components. COD has been diagnosed by animal behavioral changes, nymphomania, anestrus, repeat breeding, pelvic ligament relaxation, tails head elevation, determination of progesterone level in pla...

Abdul Hafeez Mastoi1, Muhammad Rashid Nizamani2, Shafique Ahmed Memon3, Jun Jiang1, Xiang-Shun Hu1* and Tong-Xian Liu1*

...e, finite rate increase, generation time, and fecundity of A. pisum was observed at 27°C, regardless of pea cultivar. In decreased as temperature increased at and above 30°C for each cultivar. Furthermore, differences among cultivars were often detected at 27°C and 30°C, but not at higher temperatures. Our results indicated that.

...

Jawaid A. Khokhar*, T. J. Ursani, Fareeda Memon, Samina Malik, Asif Soomro and Fareeda Shah

...ted and arranged into 06 genera and 08 species along with morphometrics of 40 oothecae which were sorted and a few healthy were allowed for hatching at the advanced research laboratory of Arachnology and Entomology. The collected samples were kept at an Average temperature and humidity between 28.2 ± 0.47 to 38.78 ± 0.47 0c, 57.6 ± 0.55 to 72.6%, respectively.

...

Khalid Khan1*, Ahmed Farhan Saeed2, Sanam Wagma Khattak3 and Saima Liaqat4

...in and nutrients for the general masses. The prime impact of the poultry industry is to provide an inexpensive and economical source of meat with high nutrients value to the masses. Keeping in view, the significance and need of dietary protein and it is easy availability, the study has underlined the key determinants of adoption of improved poultry practices and technology in the poultry industry of district Lasbela, Balochistan; Pakistan. A multistage random ...

Dede Kardaya*, Dewi Wahyuni, Elis Dihansih 

...sed as a meat source. In general, quality of ducks‘meat can be improved by providing the ducks with rations that meet their needs for nutrients. However, to improve the meat quality of spent layer ducks, relying on the provision of rations is not appropriate; antioxidant supplementation is considered necessary. Leaves of Asam gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis) contain hydroxy citric acid and other active substances that function as antioxidants, so the use o...

Zahin Anjum1*, Farhat Shehzad1, Shaista Ali1, Sumbla Yousaf2, Amina Rahat1 and Hamid Ullah Shah3

...cal food vendor spots or general restaurants, and control samples of gas and electric grilled meat samples were also prepared and analyzed. Significant difference sp≤0.05 in PAHs levels were observed in different grilling procedures. Among the mutton samples, the highest concentration of PAHs was recorded in mutton grilled on coals. The chrysene, naphthalene, flourenthene and DBAHA concentrations were assessed high in mutton samples grilled on coals. Furthe...

Amina Batool1*, Saba Aleem1, Ali Nawaz1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Waheed Arshad1, Muhammad Aslam2, Shiraz Ali3 and Muhammad Zeeshan3

... rate of 120 kg ha-1 for general cultivation and better economic returns in Barani Areas of Pakistan, provided all the agronomic and crop management practices must be kept optimum.

...

Shambel Boki Dabi

...d river basins, they are generally within the range of fish production.

...

Jie Zhang, Na Li, Tingting Guo, Dandan Hu, Xiaofeng XU and Lili Zhang*

...oup, the abundance of 96 genera was significantly higher than that in the house-raised group (P < 0.05), whereas in the house-raised group, the abundance of only 24 genera was significantly higher than that in the grazing group (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fibrobacteres, and Tenericutes in the rumen of grazing Tan sheep was significantly higher than that in the house-rais...

Xiangli Dong1,2, Shilin Mikhail Borisovich2, Jiji Li1,*, Jianyu He1, Zeqin Fu1, Yingying Ye1, Julia N. Lukina3, Olga V. Apalikova4 and Jianshe Zhang1

...s and purity. This study generates some essential molecular biology tools for the study of L. crocea MRC1 and MRC2 protein structure and function. These tools will enable us to better understand the biological functions of MRC1 and MRC2 in defending against pathogenic bacteria challenge and the innate immune response in the large yellow croaker. These findings also provide a foundation for the preparation of a Vibrio vaccine.

...

Zaidi Zona, Zulfiqar Ali*, Rida Ahmad and Irfan Zainab

... diversity represents 25 genera and 13 families. To analyze the data, principal component analysis (PCA) was done by using XLSTAT and excel 2019 to study the factors affecting the water quality. The eigenvalues obtained after PCA from zone 1 to zone 5 were 5.40, 2.40, 1.90, 0.28 and <0.28, respectively. The higher eigenvalue of zone 1 suggests large dispersion of data in this region. Furthermore, the findings in the study indicate that warm water, higher co...

Nguyen Hai Quan, Nguyen Huu Van*, Nguyen Thanh Thuy, Vo Thi Minh Tam, Le Duc Thao, Le Duc Ngoan 

...it in all treatments. In general, whole Aguara 6 sunflower can be ensiled and has a potential for ruminants.

Keywords | Sunflower, Biomass yield, Nutritive values, Additives, Ensiling. 

...
Ejaz Ur Rehman1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Fathul Bari3*, Tanveer Khan2, Naveed Ullah Khan2, Abdullah Khan4 and Romaan Hayat Khattak2
...therefore making broader generalization may not be appropriate based on this study. However, this can be used to replicate the study for month or season wise data collection for better understanding behavioral ecology and time budget activity of the species.

...

Saba Rashid*, Rehan Ashraf, Hafiza Faseeha Iftikhar, Zohaib Bilal Khan, Samreen Sanawar, Aamina Jamil, Misha Salam Bajwa, Manahil Riaz 

...vioral changes, focal or generalized, seizures (fits), cerebellar and vestibular signs, visual deficits, paresis, paralysis, limb weakness, tremors and myoclonus may be observed. Seizures and myoclonus (chorea) are the two most common signs of neurological involvement.

Keywords | Athetosis, Fasciculations, Ballism, Chorea, Cramp, Myoclonus, Tetanus, Tremor 

...

Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Eduard Kostetsky1, Anton Degtyarenko2, Michail Shchelkanov1,2,3 

...titumour surveillance in general. However due to the inhibition of gadd45g gene expression, the described expression pattern indicates an imbalance in the molecular censor systems that protect the health of the cellular genome. Evaluation of the expression levels of this spectrum of genes, especially the gadd45g and ifnλ1 genes, may be useful as an additional criterion for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast diseases in cats.

...

Febriza Dwiranti1, Nur Fadhilah2, Ursula Paulawati Maker2, Priyo Sambodo3* 

...ood values of cuscus are generally assumed to be common phenomena in vertebrates, especially mammals.

Keywords | Blood value, cuscus, endemic, morphology, Papua 

...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Muhammad Hussnain Babar2, Aamir Hussain3, Rana Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hammad Hussnain4 and Saghir Ahmad4

...eld edge of (84.5%) over general winner strain ST (06) FH-492 at the site of Multan due to micro adaptations. Genotype selection index (GSI: A non-parametric approach to determine yield stability) discriminated ST02 (WEAL-AG-10), ST05 (MNH-1050), ST09 (VH-418) and ST19 (UAM-20) as stable yielder strains bearing the lowest GSI value (11). These strains are important in boosting cotton production hence, their release for genera

Auzair Javaid Butt, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai and Jahangir Khan

...ich will help farmers to generate more profit.

...

Muhammad Mansoor1, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil2*, Zafar Islam2, Muhammad Asif2, Ghani Akbar2, Muhammad Ashraf Khan3 and Ibadullah Jan4

Abdulaziz A. Alaqil1*, Mohammed I. Buhaya2
...lue for consumer’s general health. The economic efficiency evaluation reviled that diet fortified by 6% LO is the most efficient diet in respect of the current Saudi Arabia market’s prices.
 
Keywords | Laying hens, Linseed oil, Egg production, Blood hematology, Plasma biochemistry, Cholesterol profile, Economic efficiency
...

Shomaila Sikandar1*, Imran Afzal1 and Sadaf Sarfraz2

... Members of these fungal genera Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and Aspergillus spp., are major mycotoxins producers in food and feed crops. Mycotoxins thrive in high-temperature, humid environments, and they can enter the food chain either directly or indirectly by contaminating food and feed crops. They can cause infection before and after agricultural crop harvesting. Economically mycotoxins infection leads to loss of feedstock, reduced livestock productio...

Gudeta Nepir Gurmu, Tade Bitima Mulisa, Alemu Lenco Gemechu, Kegna Gadisa Amena and Gemechu Nedi Terfa*

Anara Ryskeldina, Indira Iskakova, Nurgul Sarina , Alexander Shevtsov , Laura Syzdykova, Alexander Shustov, Yerlan Ramankulov, Marat Kuibagarov* 

...as an antigen, mAbs were generated. One mAb reacted with a protein present in extracts from cow placenta. The described results are useful for creating immunological reagents to detect pregnancy in cows, which is of great practical importance.

Keywords | Bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1, Fusion protein, Recombinant antigen, Monoclonal antibodies, Placental antigens. 

...

Fatin Khalil*, Harinath Yapati, Zainab Al Blallam, Ronia Jose 

...become more apparent. We generate new seasonal resilience phenotypes in this study, which indicate production performance and metabolic changes in response to changing weather. We examine the impact of calendar season (summer and winter) on animal performance resilience by assessing various parameters of ewes, lambs, pregnant, male, and lactating Naeemi breed animals from the Agriculture Research Station; Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kabd. The eva...

Zulqarnain Haider1*, Muhammad Akhter2, Syed Sultan Ali1, Tahir Latif1, Rana Ahsan Raza Khan1, Awais Riaz1, Tahira Bibi1, Muhammad Ijaz3, Qasim Raza1, Mohsin Ali Raza4, Samina Sarfaraz1, Muhammad Iqbal1 and Muhammad Rafiq1

... investigated in advance generation. Triplicated randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used during three consecutive years from 2016 to 2018 and the data were subjected to combined ANOVA, correlation, principal component, GGE biplots in order to demonstrate the stability and performance of these advance Basmati lines. A highly significant and exploitable level of genetic variability was found existed among tested inbred lines. Higher broad sense heritabi...

Muhammad Shafiq1, Tehseen Ashraf2*, Sehrish Mushtaq1, Naveeda Anjum3, Muhammad Asim4, Muhammad Aqeel Feroze3, Malik Abdul Rehman4 and Marja Aziz3

...otocol for chili plant regeneration with hypocotyl and cotyledon explants was established. The study was conducted to observe the effect of genotypes, culture conditions and growth regulators on plant regeneration of chili pepper genotypes (Seedex Pepper (SP), Loungi, Tatapuri, and Sanam) grown in Pakistan including. For both hypocotyl and cotyledon explants, SP was found to be the most sensitive among the tested genotypes t...

Al-Hassan M. Mostafa1*, Gehan Mohammed Sayed2 

... ability to repair the degenerative hazards induced in a goat infested by Haemonchus contortus which aid in healing process. However, the time that Coriandrum sativum needs for repairing affected tissue is relatively more than that of Allium sativum.

Keywords | Goat, Haemonchus contortus, Garlic, Coriander and abomasum. 

...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Imran Akhtar3, Ghayour Ahmad4 and Saeed Ahmad4

... and may be released for general cultivation to boost national cotton production.

...

Bilal Dik1, Saima Naz2*, Muhammad Sohail Sajid3,4 

...ing to 14 species, and 9 genera were surveyed. For the collection of lice, feathers of birds were carefully examined; an insecticide was applied on birds into a breathable paper bags from where lice were transferred to collection tubes. Of the 182 birds, 151 (82.97%) were infested with 21 chewing lice species including 8 species of Colpocephalum: C. apivorus, C. zebra, C. trachelioti, C. impressum, C. polonum, C. nanum, C. turbinatum, C. milvi, 6 species of De...

Muhammad Ikram Ullah

... The combination of next-generation sequencing has facilitated the identification of genes in complex disorders like alpha-mannosidosis.

...

Farheen Shaikh*, Saima Naz and Nadir Ali Birmani

...ecies which belongs to 3 genera. The species and their prevalence are 19.23% for Menopon gallinae (Linnaeus, 1758), 23.84% for Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsh, 1818), and 22. 30% for Menacanthus abdominalis (Piaget, 1880) which belongs to the family Menoponidae and 34.61% for Goniocotes gallinae (de Geer, 1776) which belongs to the family Philopteridae. All four species were reported first time as new host and new locality records from the study area. All speci...

Ali Ahmad1*, Zubair Aslam1, Korkmaz Bellitürk2, Ehsan Ullah1, Ali Raza1 and Muhammad Asif3

...ly from the vermicompost generated, since it can be used to replace chemical fertilizers and get higher price for organic products by utilizing locally available composting material.

...

Abhishek Pandit1, Suman Poudel2, Manish Gautam3* and Shambhu Shah4

... the best semen quality, general health, and an efficient estrus detection technique.

...

Sajida Batool*, Sitara Shameem, Kainat Malik and Aneela Iram

...d that the severity of degenerative changes was highest in the glass container group.

...

Sekobane Daniel Kolobe, Tlou Grace Manyelo*, Jones Wilfred Ng’ambi, Munyadziwa Felicia Dorcus Nemauluma, Emmanuel Malematja  

Ibrahim S. Abu-Alya1*, Nagwa I. Sheraiba2, Enas K. Aziz2, Noha A. Osman2, Afaf A. Kishta1 

... agents and improves the general health of Nile tilapia.

Keywords | Gene expression, Physiology, Garlic oil, Ginger oil, Nile tilapia. 

...

Bnar Shahab Hamad1, Bushra Hussain Shnawa1*, Rafal Abdulrazaq Alrawi2 

...hydatid cyst were cell degeneration, necrosis, hemorrhage, congestion, and fibrosis. The findings revealed that the CD3 T cells were the most predominant inflammatory cell in hepatic mice tissue. Also, CD4 Helper T cells, CD8 Killer T cells, CD20 memory cells, and CD68 macrophages were detected in the infected mice. Most samples of mice expressed a different level of tissue necrosis where anti-caspase-3 was examined. Additionally, several mast cells in the mic...

Jiahua Peng1,2, Shiyao Hua3* and Qian Wu4

...PCOS) model of rats. The general condition of rats (body weight, ovary weight) and ovarian tissue pathology changes were observed. The changes in content of testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were detected. The fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and insulin sensitive index changes were analyzed. The RT-PCR method was used to detect ovarian tissue TNF alpha and the level of IL-6 gene expression; Western blot was ...

Hamenya Mpemba1, Fan Yang1, Kirsty J. MacLeod2,3, Dusu Wen1, Yan Liu1,4 and Guangshun Jiang1,*

...vel predator effect. The generalisation and contextual importance of predator cues for prey and mesopredators have been little studied. Understanding how species respond to novel cues may help to determine extinction probabilities and overall plasticity in the face of change. This study is, therefore, an important step forward in understanding predator cue responses at the community level. This is also the first study to test the ecological function of Amur ti...

Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Muhammad Atiq*, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Muhammad Usman, Ahmad Nawaz, Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo, Azeem Akram and Hadeed Ahmad

...rious chemicals that are generally utilized to overcome this disease. Because of its antifungal potential against mango anthracnose, among these strategies, nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving discipline that is gaining the attention of researchers. 

...

Tlou Grace Manyelo1,2, Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola1, Jones Wilfred Ng’ambi2, Monnye Mabelebele1* 

...were determined, and the general linear model was used to analyze the collected data. ALM supplementation levels did not affect feed intakes, body weights, feed conversion ratios, and live weights of indigenous Boschveld chickens. At the age of 42 days chickens that were supplemented with 0, 10, and 20% ALM had higher (P < 0.05) white blood cells, heterophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils compared to other treatments. At the age of 90 days, the chi...

Shahid Amin1*, Jabbar Khan1, Imran Khan2, Dost Muhammad1, Kamran Ullah Khan1, Naqeeb Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Azhar Jameel3 

...tudy area and along with general health status of the animal it also affect the hematological profile of animals.

Keywords | South Waziristan, Haemo-parasitic diseases, Prevalence, Hematology, Risk factors, Anemia 

...

Akbar Hayat1*, Ehsan Ul Haque1, Marayam Nasir2, Rab Nawaz3, Tariq Mahmood4 and Sohaib Afzaal1

...xotic material of latest generation. This endeavour led to the sound recommendation of sweet oranges like Rhode Red Valencia and Sun Star in the two years of study. In case of taste imparting characteristics like TSS, acidity and their respective ratio in the Rhode Red Valencia TSS 11.4 %, Acidity 1.05, TSS/Acid Ratio 10.97, Cara Cara produced TSS 10.95, Acidity 0.74, TSS/Acid Ratio 14.81, Amber Sweet TSS 10.95, Acidity 1.03, TSS/Acid Ratio 11.11, Sun Star TSS...

Hasnain Raza1*, Tanveer-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Imran1, Nabeel Ahmad Ikram2 and Muhammad Bilal Shoukat1

...3 (BCM) of wastewater is generated every year in Pakistan and not even 1% of the total wastewater gets treated before its disposal. The reported research aims to assess the concentration of contaminants in wastewater. Samples of wastewater were collected from Wali Muhammad Canal, Multan, and analyzed for heavy metals (HMs) including cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickle (Ni), and zinc (Zn), along with basic physicochemical parameters including biological oxygen de...

Masixole Maswana, Thinawanga Joseph Mugwabana and Thobela Louis Tyasi*

...d data is not enough and generates a low level of research interest on conservation of donkey genetic resources. The objective of the current review was to describe the morphological variations between different donkey breeds. This review study shows forms of slight variation in morphological traits among donkey breeds of the same area within that country. One of the key aspects in animal evolution and migration from one area to another is at the core of it in...

Hemat A. Abdel Magied*, Heba H. Habib, Amany H. Waly, Ahmed Fadl, Sayed M. Shalash 

...0%-100. These results in general show positive effect of EXP1 witch improved FCR by supplemented P however PEP supplementation increased dressing % and drum stick %. Both supplementation enhanced meat TP and decreased meat MDA. The EXP2 witch used low CP and low ME with PEP supplementation enhance especially for L10%-100 and control. The chemical quality of produced meat as the concentrations of MDA and LDL were decreased and increased meat TP.

Keywor...

Mansha Tahir1, Abdul Rauf2,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi2,3*, Nuzhat Shafi2, Muhammad Hasnain Ali Gillani3, Sundus Khawaja4, Syeda Maria Fiaz Bukhari4, Tehniat Summer4 and Muhammad Majid Bashir2
...nd C infection among the general population of union council Sena Daman district Jhelum Valley, Azad Kashmir and to assess the risk factors for their transmission. From approximately 16000 total individuals of population of Union Council Sena Daman 710 (4.4%) individuals were randomly screened for hepatitis B and C prevalence using Immuno-Chromatography Kits, ELISA and further confirmed by PCR. Among the tested individuals 174 (24.5%) including 90(51.7%) male ...

Chattida Panprom1, Nakrob Pattanapon1, Wannisa Meepoo1, Soontaree Petchdee2* 

...ate to severe valvular degeneration during general soft tissue surgery. Three client-owned dogs with valve degeneration stages C or D who underwent general anesthesia for surgical treatment were included in this study. All dogs in this study were assigned to receive diazepam 0.3 mg/kg body weight, alfaxalone 2.5 mg/kg body weight, and a perioperative flu...

Arif Mehmood1*, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Waqas Raza2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1

...pecies belonging to four genera were collected from eight different habitats. The most abundant habitats were recreational parks, followed by residential areas and forests, while the least abundant habitats were graveyards. Maximum Simpson index (0.90) and Shanon Index (2.45) was observed in residential area, while maximum evenness (0.97) was recorded in streams. Quantitative habitat web structures were used for the first time to present habitat distribution g...

Andy1,4*, Ratmawati Malaka2, Sri Purwanti3, Hikmah M Ali2, Tutik Lusyta Aulyani4, Danung Nur Adli5 

...he experimental diets. A general linear models with five treatments and four replications was employed. The treatments consisted of T0 = control, T1 = basal diet + acidal, T2 = basal diet + 0.5% encapsulation of liquid smoke, T3 = basal diet + 1.0% encapsulation of liquid smoke, T4 = basal diet + 1.5% encapsulation of liquid smoke. Results were analysed using general linear model using SAS Demand on Academics, least signific...

Ahmed Rizk1, Gomaa Said Ramadan2*, Alaa Eldin Abdou3, Ossama Ahmed El-Weshahy1, Omer Sayed Rashed1 

...on was applied for three generations. Body weight at sexual maturity (BWSM), age at sexual maturity (ASM), and egg production traits (EP) from 36 - 42 weeks of age were also applied. Our results showed that the average body weight for Tanta G-1 and Mamourah chicken strains was 866.45 grams and 558.75 grams in the first generation. In the second generation, the Tanta G-1 line’s body ...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan2, Rana Abdul Hameed Khan3, Khezir Hayat4, Saeed Ahmad5, Abdul Sattar6, Umair Faheem7, Hira Saher8 and Ayesha Bibi8

...l of these genotypes for general cultivation from an authorized forum may be obtained to boost cotton production in the province.

...

Phan Truong Khanh* and Tran Thi Hong Ngoc

... However, while water is generally abundant, some parts of the province experience seasonal water shortages. This, coupled with the increasing frequency and severity of droughts, perhaps linked to climate change, is impacting adversely on rice production. The overall purpose of the study is planning of irrigation scheduling, it requires information of precise quantity of water needed by crop in a certain set of meteorological condition of the region. Moreover,...

Ahmed Abdul Gafar

...e has in most cases been generalized. However, the impacts affected sectors and subsectors differently which would advocate different approach to the challenges faced. The main objective of this study is to highlight how the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown affected the activities of the rice farmers, the rice supply chain to find out if the general view of the impact from literatures is similar or different and then propose pro-a...

Samantha Shiuan Erl Lee1, Nurul Huda2*, Yetti Marlida3, Eng-Keng Seow4 

... treated with ultrasound generated by sonicator (frequency 40kHz) for 15 min, and their colour, pH, expressible moisture, folding test, gel strength, texture profile analysis, foaming capacity and stability, and emulsification stability were compared. Ultrasound treatment had caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in pH and expressible moisture, apart from improving the gel strength and folding test score of egg white gels. Improvement of gel strength was s...
Ahmad Zaman, Azhar Rafique*, Farhat Jabeen and Tayyaba Sultana
...87 species of bird of 70 genera belonging to 39 families representing 16 orders. According to Bull and McCackle method, 3 species were very abundant i.e. house crow, common myna, house sparrow, 6 species i.e. green bee-eater, pied bushchat, cattle egret, black drongo, red wattled lapwing, red vented bulbul were abundant, 7 species i.e. purple sunbird, bank myna, The white wagtail, baya weaver, laughing dove, Rofous tail lark and Greater coucal were very common...

Eighty Mardiyan Kurniawati1*, Budi Santoso1, Fedik Abdul Rantam2, Widjiati3, Budi Iman Santoso4, Tri Hastono Setyo Hadi1, Gatut Hardianto1, Hari Paraton1  

...in ingredients such as regenerative medicine. Amnion is easy to find and rich in growth substances. Aim: This study analyzed the comparison of tissue structure in the remodeling phase of the vesicovaginal fistula between the use of freeze-dried amnion and primary suturing on day 21. Materials and Methods: This experimental study used New Zealand rabbits which were female and weighed 3-4.5 kg. The first stage of the study created a model of a vesicovaginal fist...

Farrukh Shehzad1, Muhammad Islam1,2*, Muhammad Omar3, Syed Ijaz Hussain Shah4, Rizwan Ahmed5 and Naeem Sohail6

...6-17 to 2019-2020. Three generated datasets (D2, D3 and D4) were used to optimize the model performance. The heat plot map shows very strong significance of correlation matrix for D3 and D4, while it was low for D1 and D2. The modified RFR produced lowest values of error for all the datasets, comparing with benchmark DTR and MLR (ErrorMLR > ErrorDTR > ErrorRFR). The modified RFR found best fitted model for the prediction of wheat productivity. The hyper ...

Hashem Saeed Murad1*, Salah Jassem Amin2, Rawa’a Muhammad Al-Chalabi3, Mahmood Khalaf Wasmi4 and Sundus Salim5

...ain of climate change in general is moderate to high while high in the causes of climate change phenomenon. It was followed by the Domain of how to face the negative effects resulting from climate change, and finally the Domain of negative effects resulting from the phenomenon of climate change. The results also showed a significant correlation between the degree of knowledge of the respondents and each of the independent variables, (extension service duration...

Sumaria Maqsood1*, Muhammad Ali 2, Amna Shoaib3, Shahbaz Ahmad2 and Noor-ul-Ain2

...ing of S. litura for six generations for laboratory and field experimentation.

...

Muhammad Saif-ur Rehman1, Faiz-ul Hassan1* and Muhammad Sajjad Khan2

... bands were performed to generate dendrogram using unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA). Six hundred and four amplified bands were observed from successful amplifications of 73 primers (average 8.2 bands per prime). Only seven primers amplified no product or unidentifiable (smeared) bands. A total of 68 polymorphic bands were observed, showing 11.25 % polymorphism on average across cattle breeds. Results revealed a low genetic variation amo...

Sumreen Begum, Atta-ur-Rahman and Asmat Salim*

...pment is imperative to regeneration. The purpose of this study is to analyze systematic identification of genes with respect to nephron lineage and pluripotency during postnatal renal development and at adult stage of rat kidney. In the current study, the mRNA levels of nephron genes were analyzed by reverse transcriptase PCR in neonatal and adult rat kidney tissues. These genes were divided into three categories. Group 1: renal multipotent progenitor genes; G...

Edhy Sudjarwo, Muharlien Muharlien, Osfar Sjofjan, Danung Nur Adli, Dyah Lestari Yulianti* 

...et. Result were analyses general linear model (GLM) and if there is a significant effect (p < 0.05) continued with Duncan multiple ranged tests. The effect of cage locations was presented significant differences (p < 0.05) on the average daily feed intake (ADFI), egg mass, temperature, NH3 and CO2 concentration. the first cage location (near inlet) in the closed-house system resulted the highest egg mass, the lowest temperature, and the lowest of ammonia...

Doaa H. Assar1, Rasha A. Al Wakeel2, Mahmoud M. El-Maghraby3, Mohammed M. El-Badawy3, Adel A. El-Badawy3, Wael M. Nagy3, Mustafa S. Atta2, Abdel-Khalek E. Abdel Khalek4* 

...ced the productivity and general health of crossbred ewes and their lambs. Allicin exerts these positive impacts via its ability as a scavenger of free radicals by enhancing the endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, metabolism, immunity, and reproduction.

Keywords | Allicin, Antioxidative enzymes, Healthy status, Immunity, milk, Lambing rat.  

...

Adrial Adrial1*, Rudy Priyanto2, Salundik Salundik2, Ahmad Yani2, Luki Abdullah3 

... raised in peatlands. In general, Ca and Cu deficiency in breeding cows raised in peatlands of Central Kalimatan Province had negative impact on reproductive performances including delayed age at puberty and first calving, delayed postpartum estrus and longer calving interval.

Keywords | Calcium, Phosphorus, Copper, Peatland, Reproductive Performance 

...

Rao Mansor Ali Khan* and Syed Amer Mahmood 

...about 74% less than CASA generated yield in various plots. This issue was further investigated and found that the CASA model lacks various aspects. These aspects include soil suitability parameters, including pH, Organic matter, CaCO3, texture, and Electric Conductivity. The largest gap inthe CASA model, which affected the overall productivity of wheat, was the smog/haze factor which was not incorporated. The environmental factors include Black Carbon (BC), Ca...
Xiao Zhang1, Guoqing Shen1, Yang Wang1, Pengdan Huang1,2, Yan Shui2, Zenghong Xu2 and Huaishun Shen1, 2*
...P. clarkii genome survey generated from Illumina Hi-Seq PE sequencing. A total length of 1,625 Mb genomic sequences of P. clarkii were assembled based on 124 Gb raw sequencing data. Based on a Kmer analysis, the P. clarkii genome size was projected as approximately 3.6 Gb. A total of 336,275 SSRs (simple sequence repeats) identified motifs were identified. There were 167,999 the most common type di-nucleotide repeat motifs (49.94%). The second most common repe...

S. Samina and Y.I. Erum†

...c nematodes belong to 17 genera, 13 families, 15 subfamilies and 3 orders while free-living soil nematodes revealed a total of 21 genera, 17 families and 8 orders. Overall percentage of plant parasitic and free-living nematodes was 40% and 60%, respectively. Irantylenchus clavidorus Kheiri, 1972 was encountered with highest occurrence (40%) followed by Aphelenchus avenae Bastian, 1865 (27.5%) and Ditylenchus myceliophagus Go...

Siti Dharmawati1, Muhammad Halim Natsir2, Hartutik Hartutik2, Danung Nur Adli2, Osfar Sjofjan2*  

...sult were analyses using general linear model and if a significant effect was identified, least significant differences (LSD) then applied. The result showed using freshwater snail for fish meal give significant difference (p < 0.05) on the apparent metabolizable energy-n corrected (AMEn) and reduce feed conversion ratio (FCR). It can be concluded using fresh water snail can be used as replacement for fish meal on Alabio ducks without any adverse effects.

A. Ghasemzadeh1, S. Jamali1†, M. Esfahani2 and H. Pedramfar1

...were highly affected. In general, the nematode-stressed plants under both light and dark conditions, amount of minimum and maximum fluorescence (F0 and Fm) and the difference between them (FV), rate of non-photochemical quenching, photochemical quenching and descriptive parameter of non-chemical quenching increased, while the efficiency rate of photosystem II under both conditions trended to a downward with increasing nematode levels. The correlation between n...

F. Shahina†, K. Nasira, K. Firoza and Y. I. Erum

...species belonging to 261 genera of 81 subfamiles, 85 families of 24 Superfamiles, 19 suborders of 12 orders have been described and reported so far from Pakistan in which 232 species are new to science. The paper includes i) new nematode species described from Pakistan in chronological order; ii) species of plant parasitic nematodes; iii) species of free-living soil nematodes; iv) species of marine nematodes; v) species of entomopathogenic nematodes all in alp...

M. Israr1†, M. Habib1 and K. Nasira2

...processing, the nematode genera and species were identified (Siddiqi, 2000). Tylenchorhynchus usmanensis is reported from the first time from Pakistan is briefly redescribed and illustrated.

...

Dzulhelmi Muhammad Nasir1,*, Suriyanti Su2, Van Lun Low3, Zulqarnain Mohamed1 and Norma-Rashid Yusoff1

C. C. Famina1†, A. Usman2 and M. K. M. Nasser1

...la, India. A total of 12 genera of nematodes including six commonly occurring nematodes in the banana
rhizosphere, three new records from banana and one new unidentified genus were obtained during the survey. Two
free-living nematodes were also frequently observed in the analyzed soil samples from banana rhizosphere including
Caenorhabditis elegans and Mononchus sp. C. elegans is exclusively foun...
Istkhar† and A. K. Chaubey†
...ective juveniles and 1st generation males showed close resemblance with S. abbasi, S.
thermophilum and S. pakistanense however, the body length was varied (583mm vs 541mm, 555 mm and 683 mm,
respectively). The morphometrical characters and life history events placed the present specimen near to the S.
abbasi. Results obtained through the phylogenetic utility of maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and
neighbour ...
K. Nasira, S. Shamim and F. Shahina†
...ode species belong to 36 genera, 27 families
and seven orders. Frequency of occurrence and distribution of nematode species varied from site to site. The overall
occurrence (%) of fresh water nematode samples ranged from 3.22-32.25% at different sites. The highest number of
positive samples was found at Malir, Karachi (32.25%) and the lowest was at Khesana Mori, Tandojam (3.22%).
Free-living soil nematodes have m...
M. M. A. Youssef† and W. M. A. El-Nagdi
...>and time of harvest. In general, the nematode parameters as indicated by the numbers of galls, egg-masses and
hatched juveniles on roots of dry bean and number of juveniles in soil were higher on dry bean plants replacing
cutting sugar beet than those on dry bean plants replacing uprooted sugar beet within the most periods. In contrast,
plant growth parameters were higher for dry bean plants replacing uprooted sugar beet th...

I. K. A. Ibrahim1 and Z. A. Handoo2

...yed plants. Twenty-three genera of phytoparasitic nematodes were detected in the
collected soil and root samples. In soil samples from Alexandria governorate, the sugar beet cyst nematode
(Heterodera schachtii) was very common on sugar beet while the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and
M. javanica were very common on guava, olive trees and sugar beet. Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, M. ...

M. T. Javeed†, A. S. Al-Hazmi and Y. Y. Molan

... filtrates increased. In general, T. harzianum (isolate No.27), T. hamatum (isolate
No.5) and T. viride (isolate No.8) were the most effective among all tested isolates. Therefore, these three isolates
were further evaluated in the greenhouse test on tomato against M. javanica. The three tested isolates inhibited
the reproduction, root galling and number of juveniles of M. javanica. The T. harzianum (isolate No.27) was the

Y. I. Erum and F. Shahina†

... total of 589 bands were generated using 14 primers with an average of 28.8 bands/genotype. Maximum
percentage of polymorphic loci was 92.86% for genotype TJ-83. Inferences have been made regarding bioassay and
molecular characterization that the most diverse and resistant genotype against CCN was Moomal-2002 as compared to the
rest of the genotypes studied and the most effective loci to screen diversity was OPA-09.
...

M. M. A. Youssef1†, Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi1, and Mona G. Dawood2

...e
effect, in general, was higher by using the highest rate compared to the lowest one. On the other hand, the contents
of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in leaf increased at untreated check compared to those at different
treatments.
...

A. A. Galal1,2, S. F. Abou-Elwafa1,3, F. J. Kopisch-Obuch1 and C. Jung1

.../div>
during early generations of cultivar development.
...

S. Feroza 1, A. G. Arijo1†, F. M. Bilqees2* and M. S. Phulan1

...intestinal contents were generally observed. Infected liver showed dark red coloration. Severe congestion, chronic pneumonia, exuded in one lobe of the lung were seen, whereas, necrosis and atrophy in infected heart were notable observations.

...

S. Ahmed†, A. Munir, S. Hameed, S. Asad, M. Fayyaz, M. Zakaria and M. Umer

...ed the presence of eight genera of plant parasitic and soil nematodes. The most frequently isolated
nematode population from all the soil samples were Tylenchorhynchus sp., Xiphinema sp., and Cephalobus sp.
Prevalence of nematodes were high in districts Mandi Bahauddin and Gujranwala with soil cropping history of
maize and rice cultivation.
...

I. Kepenekci

...ematodes belonging to 56 genera of
Tylenchida detected in Turkey. These nematode species found associated with 66 plants from 48 different
localities of the country.
...

Z. Gill and K. Firoza†

...icated that all nematode genera and species have been identified and
recorded for the first time from date palm orchards of Khairpur district. Merlinius nothus Allen, (1955) Siddiqi,
1980, is reported as a new record nematode species in Pakistan. It is briefly redescribed and illustrated herein.
...

A.A. Mokbel

... phytoparasitic nematode genera were found infected or associated with the rhizosphere of peanut plants.
Meloidogyne arenaria was the most common nematode in all collected soil samples followed by Tylenchorhynchus
spp., Helicotylenchus spp., M. javanica and Pratylenchus penetrans. All tested peanut cultivars were resistant to M.
incognita race 2 and moderately resistant to M. javanica. Whereas, peanut cvs. Balady, Ismailia 1...

Lulu Ding, Ke Wang, Ruxue Huang, Wenjing Yu, Bingzhao Yan, Mengli Jiang and Jicang Wang*

...ls were disordered and degenerated, and a large area of lesions occurred. However, treatment with Nar slowed down the occurrence of oxidative stress induced by Cd. Therefore, as an effective antioxidant, Nar has a certain protective effect on oxidative stress and kidney injury induced by Cd.

...

Mutasim Billah1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood1, Abdul Rauf Bhatti2*, Ahmed Zia2, Shabir Ahmed1, Waqas Ahmad2, Kiran Shahjeer3, and Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4

... ferrugineus) under four genera (Myllocerus, Lixus, Ammocleonus, Rhynchophorous and 3 subfamilies (Lixinae, Entiminae and Dryophthorinae). For each recorded species details along with valid names, localities, ecological observation and abundance for all collected species are discussed. A need to explore weevil fauna along with more detailed surveys for weevil is highly suggested in the area.

...

Rahim Bux Vistro1*, Mashooque Ali Talpur1, Irfan Ahmed Sheikh1, Muneer Ahmed Mangrio2, Rajish Kumar Soothar1, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali3,4, Imran Ali Dhamach4, Muhammd Urs Mirjat1 and Abdul Saboor Soomro2

Sofiane Tamendjari1,2*, Farida Bouzebda Afri1,2, Lina Chaib1, Hebib Aggad3, Zoubir Bouzebda1,2 

...ed. For this reason, the general provisions of the slaughterhouse must be respected, the hygiene conditions improved and the professionals of the sector trained for good production and manufacturing practices. In addition, the use of antibiotics in a reasoned manner and the monitoring of these strains are strongly recommended.

Keywords | Sheep meat, Chicken meat, Turkey meat, Enumeration, Coagulation test, S. aureus, Antibiotic resistance, Algeria. &n...

Dina N. Ali1*, Sayed H. Elhabtey2*, Manal M. Amin1  

...e spherical shape of the generated nano-emulsion was revealed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and the flow of active functional groups was clarified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial activity of MO and Nano-MO was assessed against reference bacterial strains by using agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MO and Nano-MO was 3% and 2%, on Listerea monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, S...
Saleh Aljubran, Shaker Al-Suwaiegh, Yousef Alyousef, Sulaiman Alhajri, Mohammed Alghareeb, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*
...uce the interval between generations, therapy of diseases and conservation of endangered mammalian species. Practically, current reproductive biotechnologies are species-specific because of differences in estrous cycle, seasonality, structural anatomy, gamete physiology and site for semen deposition or method of embryo transfer. Therefore, this review was conducted to collect and consolidate the current knowledge of assisted reproductive techniques of males an...

Idrees Ahmad1, Muhammad Jamil2*, Hafiz Muhammad Zia Ullah1, Saira Saleem1, Syed Ahtisham Masood3, Umair Faheem4, Imran Akhtar5, Muhammad Abdullah6, Abdul Majid Khan5 and Naeem Iqbal7

S.H.M. Faruk Siddiki1*, Md. Golam Morshed2, Md Robiul Karim1, Lutfun Naher1, Md. Sodrul Islam3

...tle were diagnosed using general, physical, clinical, and microscopic examinations, as well as other conventional laboratory procedures. The recorded clinical cases were classified into ten major diagnostic groups. Parasitic diseases (30.16%), infectious diseases (21.84%), general systemic states (20.12%), digestive disorders (18.55%), gyneco-obstetrical diseases (4.37%), and surgical cases (3.06%) were recorded as major cli...
Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti1, Sri Rahayu3, Gatot Ciptadi2, Trinil Susilawati2*
...semen Y-bearing sperm. A general linear model with three treatments and ten replications was performed in this research. The data were analyzed using a general linear model using SAS Demand on Academics, and the least significant differences were applied if there is significance. The result showed that semen quality, including individual motility, viability, abnormality, concentration, and total motile spermatozoa in sexed s...

Muhammad Adeel Qureshi1*, Raza Ahmad2, Bilal Ahmed1, Tanzim Ullah Khan1 and Muhammad Yasin3

...us induction and plant regeneration of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The experiment was carried out in complete randomized design (CRD). Leaves and internodes of potato cv. Desiree were used as explant for callus induction and plant regeneration. Two types of callus induction media (CIM) were used, i.e. CIM1 and CIM2 with concentrations of 2, 4-D 2mg/lit and 3 mg/lit respectively. Among the two different callus induction me...

Mishal Bano1, Amir Shakeel1, Waqar-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Nouman Khalid1*, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Muhammad Sajid Sharif3, Sadia Kanwal2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Amna Bibi2 and Ifrah Amjad1

...ines as a very effective general combiner. For the number of bolls per plant, the number of sympodial and monopodial branches, the number of nodes on the first fruiting branch, seed cotton yield and the lint percentage, VH-329 demonstrated good general combining ability. For boll weight, the FH-342 was proven to be an effective combiner. CIM-595 stood out among the testers as a good genera...

Ghulam Sarwar Shah1,2, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani1, Rab Dino Khuhro1, Rehana Naz Syed1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1

J. Salma and F. Shahina

... nematode species of the genera Steinernema and 

S. A. Khanzada, M. Naeemullah, A. Munir†, S. Iftikhar and S. Masood

...six saprophytic nematode genera were found associated with mint rhizosphere. Tylenchorhynchus spp., was found to be associated with highest number of mint varieties t...

Shah Murad Khan1, Hamayun Khan1, Younas Muhammad1, Haq Aman Ullah1*, Muhammad Tariq Tunio2, Ali Gohar2 and Fazli Rabbani

Noor Rahmawati, Alfi Rumidatul* and Sopandi Sunarya

...y 3 for B. subtillis. In general, the three media used in this study encouraged endophytic fungi to produce antioxidant and antibacterial compounds. 

...

Nasratullah Baloch1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Hamida Narejo3, Muhammad Farooq Hassan4, Muhammad Hanif Chandio5, Faheem Saddar6, Dharti Shahnawaz Thebo7, Ghulam Abbas8 and Shahnaz Rashid8

...sampling bottles. The 99 genera of both the planktons were recorded, which included 52 zoo- and 47 for phytoplankton from the experimental area. Among the zooplankton, Copepods were found to be rich 65% followed by Brachyuran zoa 15% while in case of phytoplankton genus Coscinodiscus were noted to be rich 60% followed by Rhizosolenia 15% during the whole duration of investigations. It reflects that the bay water was found to be rich with primary productivity. ...

Shabana Noureen1, Shirmeen Ijaz2, Saad Ullah3, Iqra Shafique Abbasi4 and Shakeel Ahmad5*

...se more awareness in the general public about the ways to manage social anxiety.

...

Abdirahman Barre*, Karanja D Njuguna, Bebora Lilly Caroline and George Chege Gitao

...estion 4 (2.5%), fatty degeneration in liver 3 (1.8%) and haemorrhages in kidney1 (0.6%). In conclusion, brucellosis is prevalent in camel in Garissa County. Further extensive research should be done in the whole country. With respect to picking positive cases, RBPT is recommended as a screening test, since it is cheap, quick, and easy to carry-out. The other three can be used to establish respective antibody titres. The organs condemned at inspections are due...

MUHAMMAD EJAZ*1, MUHAMMAD JAMIL YOUSAF5, ASMA MAQBOOL3, ALTAF HUSSAIN4 & ABDUL QAYYUM KHAN SULEHRIA2

...rotifers belonging to 24 genera and 13 families were identified. Highest (128.7±40 ind/ml) ppopulation density of rotifers was observed in June while lowest (64.9±22 ind/ml) population density was seen in January. Brachionus havanaensis was found to the the dominant species with the highest mean population density (40±11.9 ind/ml) while Philodina roseola was a least dominant with lowest population density (3±1.2 ind/ml). ANOVA displ...
 
 SADAF SARFRAZ1*, SAFDAR AMEER1, REENA AMBREEN1, SHOMAILA SIKANDAR 2, SHAISTA NAWAZ3 AND YASIR SALEEM
...ehyde, owing to its acid generation, acid tolerance and virulence gene expression has gained a considerable attention. Keeping in view its beneficial aspects, the present study has been conducted to investigate the contents and compare the nutritional and antimicrobial activities of Cinnamon collected from various regions of Asia. In this study, antimicrobial activity of cinnamon was estimated using well diffusion me...

Chenchen Liu1,2, Tong Wang1, Muhammad Khan3*, Xiaolin Cui2 and Yongming Li1,2*

...f apoptosis includes ROS generation, G2/M phase arrest and inhibition of aerobic glycolysis. Inhibition of glycolysis was found to be linked with down-regulation of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1). Finally, ALT effectively suppressed growth and induced apoptosis in cisplatin resistant A2780/CR cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that ALT could be developed into a lead for effective treatment of ovarian cancer.

...
Ayesha Ahsan1, Rabia Arif2*, Samina Nazir1, Muhammad Saleem2 and Memunna G. Shahid1
...ix strains and F3 and F4 generations of Sordaria fimicola collected from the Evolution Canyon-1. Sequenced products of 464 bp of tubulin gene and 548 bp for PKC gene were aligned to observe the genetic variations between the eight parental strains of S. fimicola and reference sequence of S. fimicola. Total six polymorphic sites were observed in case of tubulin gene out of which 5 sites were common among strains isolated from the s-slope of Evolution Canyon (EC...

Doaa H. Assar1, Rasha A. Al-Wakeel2, Zizy I. Elbialy3, Mahmoud M. El-Maghraby4, Helmy K. Zaghlool5, Adel A. El-Badawy4, Abdel-Khalek E. Abdel-Khalek6*

...: justify;">Spirulina is generally used as a nutraceutical feed supplement due to its nutrient profile, lack of toxicity, and therapeutic effects. This study aimed to explore the effect of dietary inclusion of Spirulina platensis (SPL) algae on growth, hemato-biochemical parameters, antioxidant status, and semen quality of cross-bred lambs (½ Finnish × ½ Ossime). Twenty-four lambs aged 10 months with 32.93±0.48 kg LBW were distribute...
Lubna Anjum Minhas, Abdul Samad Mumtaz*, Muhammad Kaleem, Rooma Waqar and Jamila Annum 
...ers, 11 families, and 14 genera. Clamydomonas reinardtii, Acutodesmus obliquus and Cosmarium isthmocondrum are new record from Pakistan. Among identified taxa, Scenedesmus was the dominant genus with 8 species and their contribution was 26.6%. The 2nd most dominant genus was Cosmarium with 6 species and their contribution was 20%. The other genera Chlorococcum, Ankistrodesmus, Coelastrum, and Closterium were (6.6%). Some

Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob1, Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef2*, Entesar H. Taha1, Mona M.S. Zayed3, Hassan Abd- El-Khair4 and Nora R.A. Saleh2

Enas K. Abo El-Maged, Azza H. El-Salakwy, Safia A. El-Gamal and Gehn Allam

...cation using one pair of general primers which allowed for the amplification of HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 52, & 58. These primers were designed to amplify E6/E7 gene junction sequences. Twenty nine out of 100 (29%) samples of aborted products of conception were positive for HPV E6/E7 sequences. In comparison. only one of the placental tissue specimens was positive. All the specimens were positive for ꞵ-globin DNA. Positive PCR products were confirmed and...
M. A. Abou El- Nasr1, Kh. A. Dougdoug1, Hayam S. Abdelkader2, and Rehab A.
Dawoud2
...cot healthy seedlings. Degenerated oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify the N-terminal portion of the capsid protein of PPV. The amplified products were cloned into pGEM-T-Easy vector and hybridized to PPV DNA specific probe labeled with Dig-I 1dUTP. DNA sequencing using fluorescent dideoxy nucleotides showed that the capsid protein region of PPV-EA strain had about 65% sequence homology with other strains of PPV and 45% similarity to the CP or PPV...

A.S. Gamal El din1; Sohair I. El-Afifi2; A. S. Sadik 2; Nashwa M. A. Abd El-Mohsen1; and H. M. Abdelmaksoud1

...l leaves by the use of degenerate primers through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Large-scale amount of PVY (N-Egypt) coat protein produced by gene expression technique in E. coli through: (I) Insertion of CP gene isolated by RT-PCR into Pinpoint Xa-l Vector by ligation and propagation after transformation process in E. coli. (2) Isolation of plasmid DNA. then used restriction enzymes Bam HI and Bgl II to identify clones containing inserts. To confirm the fra...

Sahar. A. Shoman1 and B. A. Othman2

... this method with four degenerate and undegenerate primers. The primer pairs generated two specific PCR fragments of 3428 base pair (bp) and 3836 bp of the whole TMV genome. The intensity of these RT-PCR amplified products was estimated, and it indicated relatively to the amount of the virus in the infected plant, The specificity of amplification was verified using internal primers through...

Muhammad Akram¹,²*, Rashid Mahmood³, Fahim Arshad4 and Umer Farooq Gohar5

...er potential for shoot regeneration and proliferation in the growth regulator-free MS liquid medium (95.25%) as compared to the solid medium (89.00%). Shoot cultures remained viable for up to 15 days without refreshing the medium and could be sustained for 12 months when sub-cultured every 15 days. Invigoration of albino shoots with fresh MS basal medium resulted in multiple green buds, which successfully transformed into 54.60 and 652.78 healthy shoots in 30 ...

Pengliang Xie1, Lufang Zheng2*, Mingxia Dong3, Huaiqiang Zhang1 and Fang Chen1

...s no difference in other general information (gender, age, BMI) (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the diseased group had higher expression of sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2 mRNA (P<0.05), and higher content of VEGF, PlGF, sICAM-1, MCP-1 and PDGF than the control group (P<0.05). The diseased group had higher protein expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and IL-13 than the control group (P<0.05). In detection of protein expression levels of sVEGFR-1 and sV...

Yisi Chen*, Jun Zhang and Fayin Li

...n=15), isoflurane group (general anesthesia of plantar incision, inhalation of 2.5% isoflurane, 3 groups, n=15), propofol group (general anesthesia of plantar incision, intravenous infusion of propofol to the lateral tail vein through the implanted catheter with the infusion rate of 1.5 mg kg-1 min-1, 3 groups, n = 15). The paw withdrawal threshold was used to evaluate the mechanical pain before and after the incision. L3-L5...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1,  Muhammad Arshad2, Sohail Akhter3
Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Rizwan1, Muddassir Ali1 and Arshad Makhdoon Sabir1
...biological parameters of generalist predator, Coccinella septempunctata. Results indicated that λ cyhalothin has no significant impact on developmental life stages of larvae of ladybird beetle but it significantly reduced the span of total adult longevity (30.8 to 26.91 d), female adult longevity (31.5 to 27.79 d), and male adult longevity (29.4 to 25.56 d) as compared to control. Among population parameters, λ cyhalothin had a non-significant im...

Najamuddin Solangi1*, Mushtaque Ahmed Jatoi1, Adel Ahmed Abul-Soad2, Abdul Aziz Mirani1, Muhammad Aslam Solangi3 and Ghulam Sarwar Markhand1

...yogenesis and plantlet regeneration in commercially important date palm cvs. Begum Jungi and Ajwa. Spikelet explants of spathes (avg. 17, 28, 32 cm) excised at different intervals were used as initial explants. Results revealed that sterilization of spathes with 50% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution resulted in significantly highest survival, lowest mortality and contamination in spikelet explants. The spikelet explants obtained from immature spathes (avg. ...

Kétomon Pierre Challaton1*, Coovi Guénolé Akouedegni1, Kadoéito Cyrille Boko2, Goué Géorcelin Alowanou1,3, Pascal Venant Houndonougbo4, Aboudou Habirou Kifouly1, Mawulé Sylvie Hounzangbé-Adoté1  

...), of which the critical genera were Haemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp., and Oesophagostomum spp. ; Strongyloides spp. (73.25 %) followed by Moniezia spp. (21.8 %). Other gastrointestinal parasites retrieved were Trichuris sp. (0.94%) and Toxocara sp. (0.28%). Infestation rates and the number of Eggs Per Gram of feces (EPG) or Oocysts Per Gram of feces (OPG) were higher in the wet season than in the dry season. During the wet season, infestations were sever...

Rahma Boukarine*, Leila Hamdi and Kamel Khelili

...ecrosis and glomerular degeneration, the effect of ESAE was effective in modified these damages into semi normal.To conclude, xylene administration induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar rats, while the combination of this solvent with rocket aqueous extract (Eruca sativa) attenuated this toxicity thanks to its antioxidant property.

...

Yong Bin Zhao1, Hui Song1, Guo Gong Yi1*, Xi Lian Hao1, Bai Wang2, Zhi Wen Chen2

Yue Guo1,2*, Hui Zhang1, Chun Sheng Wang1 and Hong Chang Zhou1

...quenced through the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Sequencing data were assembled into unigenes and transcripts. Finally, all unigenes and transcripts were annotated by querying the NR, Gene Ontology (GO), COG and KOG databases.A total of 71047 unigenes and 106652 transcripts were assembled. A. cantonensis was successfully annotated by the NR and GO databases, resulting in 8107 unigenes and 16105 transcripts. Meanwhile, 10422 unigenes and 20974 t...

Roy Malindo1, Anuraga Jayanegara2, Osfar Sjofjan3, Siti Chuzaemi3*

...f variance (ANOVA) using general linear model (GLM) was carried out using SAS OnDemand for Academics (ODA, Cary, NC, USA). The results indicated that the average dry matter supply was 49.6% of the cattle requirements, with 21.8% derived from forage and 27.8% from concentrate. The average daily gain was 0.4 kg/head/d, with males gaining 0.4 kg/head/d and females 0.3 kg/head/d. Based on age, the average daily gain of calves, young, and adults was 0.4, 0.3, and 0...

Abdul Hassan1*, Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Ghulam Sadiq2 and Asif Nawaz3

...rm employment for income generation and reducing hiring of labor for farm activities while financial strategy was related to sale of perennial crops and sale of livestock. The study suggested for sustainable smallholder agricultural development programs along with farmers’ facilitation by giving interest free loan and digitalization to update timely information regarding weather and markets for improving rural livelihood.

...

Nawfal Hammadi Jasim1, Yasmeen Jassim Mohammed2 , Jala Amir Salman Alahmed1, Majdy Faisal Majeed3* 

...tral vein, hepatocytes degeneration, nuclei pyknotic, sinusoids dilation, and slight inflammation, while group 2 revealed severe damage mainly , lost the typical polymeric shape, hepatocytes alteration, hepatocytes vacuoles, necrotic foci, inflammation cells aggregation, sever dilated and congestion of sinusoids and nucleus pyknotic. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that the MPH overdose induced free radical-mediated oxidative stress, through an increas...

Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Imtiaz Khan1*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Javed Khan2, Shahid Sattar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan and  Muhammad Salim

... The total mortality per generation (K-value) from all immature stages was 0.26. The total female fecundity was 379.0 eggs and the fertile eggs ratio were 144 and net reproductive rate (Ro) was 2.57 eggs per female/day. The intrinsic rate of natural growth (rm) was 0.34 female per female per day, with a mean generation time (T) of 3.06 days. 1.404948 females per female per day was the limited rate of growth (λ). The D...

Jaffar Hussain1*, Zeenat M. Ali1, Syed Farman Ali Shah1, Abdul Nasir Laghari2 and Munazza Sohail3

...on agricultural lands in general. According to an estimate the energy demand may increase from 60.4 to 129 million tones of oil equivalent in the next 15 years in Pakistan. Fossil fuels are the major source of energy in the world. The consumption of fossil fuels like that natural gas, coal and petroleum base products are going to end, so to find alternative source of energy to meet the global energy demand. Renewable energy sources are good alternative for fos...

Ahmad Shahzaib1*, Tabish Raza2 and Aisha Areej2

... by respiratory droplets generated by coughing, sneezing, spitting, talking, singing, or breathing of infected people. COVID-19 infection has been linked to an intense cytokine storm (CS) and the immune-inflammatory mechanism that exacerbates disease symptoms and complications. Up to 20% of the infected people need hospitalization on account of the severity of the infection, while the rest of the patients are asymptomatic or have minor symptoms. In addition, m...

Lipigwe Lauya1*, Peace Nkiruka Okeke2, Chukwudi Chizorom Ibeh1, Bello Ozovehe Banimoh1 and Nanma Tongnan Cosmas1

...uencing this decline. We generated secondary data from three selected electronic databases: PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using a mix of keywords and MESH terms such as HIV-2, decline, incidence, and West Africa. Studies were selected if they reported data on the factors responsible for the decline in HIV-2 incidence in West Africa. This review identified eighteen (n=18) articles published between 1994 and 2021 that met this requirement. Among th...

Hafiz Muhammad Walayat Ali1, Hafiz Basheer Ahmad1*, Zaheer Ahmad Nazar2, Muhammad Akhlaq Mudassir1, Mahmood-Ul-Hasan1, Abdul Khaliq1 and Muhammad Shahzad Afzal1

...ld be effective in later generations for the improvement using these traits.

...

Fakhra Nazir1*, Sahar Fazal1 and Fakhar-i-Abbas2

...er Passeriformes (Aves), generally well identified by barcodes globally. Species identification and phylogenetic analysis through DNA barcodes using mitochondrial COI gene (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) was aimed for samples of birds collected from different regions of Pakistan. Mitochondrial DNA was successfully extracted from keel tissue and Folmer region of COI gene comprising ~650 bps was amplified using universal primers and PCR products were confirmed ...

Achmad Firman1*, Sondi Kuswaryan1, Lilis Nurlina1, Muhamad Hasan Hadiana1, Marina Sulistyati1, Unang Yunasaf1, Dwi Cipto Budinuryanto2, Iman Trisman3

Zahra Abdulameer Al-Zayadi1, Hana Kadum Shanan1, Al Salihi Karima Akool2

...groups, accompanied by regeneration related to the treatment dose. Severe damage comprising necrosis of the hepatic cells, renal tubules, congestion, and infiltration of inflammatory cells was seen in the chemotherapy-treated group and mice suffering from cancer without treatment. This study also revealed variations in serum liver enzyme values between treatment groups. The values of ALT, AST, and ALP (U/L) evaluation in control groups were ˃ 29.01±1.8...

Mati Ullah1*, Muhammad Rizwan2, Ali Raza3, Xianlin Zhao4, Yanling Sun4, Sarah Gul5, Muhammad Ihtesham Waheed6, Muhammad Nadeem Khan7, Alvina Gul8, Sami Ullah Jan9* and Chao Huang4*

...t samples using the next-generation sequencing approach. The GC contents of the characterized strains were in the range of 46.03 to 46.52% while the protein-coding sequences (CDS) were in the range of 2544 to 2888. The pan-genome analysis of the three strains identified a total of 5449 genes with 377 as core genes. The functional characterization by subsystem category distribution analysis revealed “Carbohydrates” is the largest subsystem followed ...

Munir Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Riaz Hussain2* and Rifat Ullah Khan3*

...n showed renal tubular degeneration, widening of Bowman’s space and necrosis in kidneys. Different histopathological lesions in liver of treated test specimens including edema, hemorrhages, atrophy of hepatocyte and hepatocyte having eccentric nuclei. In the brain, different histological alterations like necrosis and degeneration of neurons, and microgliosis were seen, whereas the heart of treated fish showed hemorrhag...
Guo-Hai Wang1,2,3, Chuang-Bin Tang1, Yuan-Xin Yang1, Yan-Ling Huang1, Wei-Ning Tan4, Qi-Hai Zhou3* and Chang-Hu Lu2*
...t-align: justify;">It is generally accepted that leaf litter covering plant seeds may be beneficial for seed survival, but it is unclear whether leaf litter contributes to the survival of Kmeria septentrionalis seeds in karst habitat. Herein, we investigated the seed removal of K. septentrionalis by rodents at different locations (beneath and away from the mother tree) using two treatments (leaf litter coverage and control) to clarify the effect of leaf litter...

Ying Liu1,2, Ji-Yong Fang2, Na Zheng3 and Hai-Long Wu1*

... schmackeri sp. nov., we generated new data on the Seuratascaris genus, providing a crucial scientific basis for future studies on the genus. 

...

Skenndri Safae1*, Charrat Nadia2, Jmiai Mehdi3, Nassik Saadia1 

...cated the ongoing of a regenerative process, contrarily to the farms of the D and G groups, in which the guts still underwent inflammation on day 35. Coccidiosis infection was heavily widespread on birds at day 35. Differences between the farm in D and P groups weren’t striking as the disease was detected on the intestinal portions of almost all the broilers of the farms belonging to those categories. Adversely to the G group in which coccidiosis was mos...

Yaman Saad Fadhil

... odour, Brittleness, and general appearance) were investigated. In general, increasing the propolis extract concentration in samples leads to a reduction in the growth rate of the bacterial population, and it continued till the last day of storage at 4oC. The sensory study revealed that odour alterations in samples that contain propolis extract were much better in treated samples compared with the control treatment. This stu...

Ying Guan1,2, Puqing Song2, Xing Miao2, Hai Li2, Rui Wang2, Liangming Wang3, Yuan Li2* and Longshan Lin2*

..., spring, and summer. In general, with seasonal and temporal changes, large-bodied, high-trophic-level fishes were gradually replaced by small-bodied, low-trophic-level fishes in the fish community of Dongshan Bay and adjacent waters in 2009-2010, and the trophic structure tended to become simplified.

...

Muhammad Salman Ikram1, Tahir Mehmood1,2*, Sehrish Firyal3, Huma Sattar4, Shagufta Saeed3, Fareeha Nadeem3 and Muhammad Imran Mahmood Khan5

...l the importance of next generation sequence (NGS) as an advanced technology in forensic genetics. This manuscript also demonstrates the unique features of Y-STR markers and their different application in forensic like significance of population genetics and genealogical pattern of Y-chromosome STRs diversity in different regions of world which helps to understand the pattern of variation in DNA within and between species, importance of Y-STR in relation of it...

Abdulaziz A. Alaqil*

...ivity, respectively. The general linear model procedure with one-way analysis of variance (GLM-ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the BT, H/L ratio, MDA, and CORT, and over-expression of HSP70 in the hens of LPS group. Also, significant (P<0.05) impairments were perceived in the feed consumption and conversion, and in the egg weight and production rates. In contrast, the elevated stress markers and ...

Mehwish Malik1*, Zanib Sadia2, Muhammad Sajid3, Hammidullah1, Yasir Amin1, Zubair Ali1 and Sohail Ahmad1

...;">Introduction of third generation cephalosporin in 1980s has overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance and most of the diseases were treated properly at that time, but the current situation of excessive use of these antibiotics in the treatment plans of both human and veterinary medicine makes them resistant to many bacteria including ESBL E. coli. Resistance of microbes to antibiotics is becoming an alarming situation throughout the world and the infect...

Desi Kurniati Agustina1,3, Suyadi Suyadi2*, Veronica Margaretha Ani Nugiartiningsih2, Kuswati Kuswati2 

...ce using Proc Mixed with general linear model (GLM) using SAS studio for academics Online Edition. This study showed the Haematological profile and leucocyte differentiation of male and female Madura cattle of different ages were generally similar to their crossbred Limura cattle and within the normal range. In conclusion, Madura cattle tend to be more adaptive or responsive to various exposure factors as indicated by higher...

Shujaullah Khan1, Zahid Hussain1*, Haroon Khan1 and Omer Suha Uslu2

...and, the hand weeding is generally not economical and the herbicides are not environment friendly.

...

Beenish Shahid1* and Muhammad Ijaz Khan2

... of the oocytes became degenerated (P<0.0001) after 24 h of incubation. The supplementation of medium with E2+rhFSH+hCG or E2+rhFSH+hCG+insulin also showed a significant increase in the meiotic maturation rate after 24 h (P<0.01 and P=0.04 respectively) and a significant decrease in the degeneration of the oocytes (P=0.001). The addition of insulin was not found to be effective for in vitro maturation. It is concluded ...

Arshad Javaid1*, Iqra Haider Khan1, Malik F. H. Ferdosi2, Aneela Anwar3 and Mujahid Manzoor4 

... wild shrubby plant that generally grows at moist places in Pakistan. There are only a few scientific reports on I. carnea especially on phytochemical profile of its flowers. In the present study, flower extract of this plant was analyzed by GC-MS in search of identification of medicinally important constituents. The dried and crushed material of flowers was extracted in analytical grade methanol for one week and after filtration, it was subjected to GC-MS ana...

Yakun Ge

...ic therapy increased the generation of ROS to inhibit PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal transduction, increase the expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9, inhibit the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer stem cells, reduce the proliferation ability of cancer stem cells, and increase the apoptosis of cancer stem cells.

...

Alisher Safarov1*, Nasreen Nasreen4, Firuza Akramova5, Shukhrat Djabbarov1, Adolat Mirzaeva5, Javokhir Esonboev5, Djalaliddin Azimov5, Mourad Ben Said2,3 

...ae (1 species), with the genera Haemaphysalis (3 species) and Rhipicephalus (4 species) being the most dominant among the ixodid ticks. Insects comprised nine species from five families: Trichodectidae (1 species), Linognathidae (1 species), Pulicidae (4 species), Culicidae (2 species), and Hippoboscidae (1 species). The domestic dog exhibited the highest ectoparasite species diversity, with 21 identified species, while domestic and jungle cats harbored only f...

Jing Hu1,2,3 and Zhenhua Ma1,2,3*

...mage performance in gill generally deepened over time. Lamellar fusion and curling of secondary lamellae also deepened from C group to T3 group. The proportion of interrenal tissue and hematopoietic tissue was moderate in all head kidney. Tissue vacuoles, ambiguous cell boundaries and necrotic cells deepened over time within 96h and also deepened from C group to T3 group. In all groups, triglyceride increased with time. In the treatment groups, the cholesterol...

Ni Putu Sarini1*, I Gde Suranjaya1, I Gusti Agung Arta Putra1, I Wayan Suarna1, Lindawati Doloksaribu1, I Ketut Puja2, I Ketut Gde Natakesuma3, I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Rai Mulyawan4 

...otide variation of 0.31% generated from Bos taurus and 0.21% generated from Bos indicus. While the nucleotide variation of the MC1R gene from cattle with color pattern deviations to the Bali cattle, namely 1.36% albino, 0.21% injin, and 0.10% poleng Bali cattle. 

...

Afifatul H.A. Adilah1, Junun Sartohadi2* and Suci Handayani1

...erent purposes of income generation. The differences in canopy characteristics between the two plants significantly affect the production of runoff. Field evidence is needed to support it as a suitable plant for soil and water conservation efforts. The study was conducted using a field survey method equipped with soil characteristic measurements in the laboratory. The data collection process began with a study of the landscape of the research area which was di...

Bushra Ainy Dars1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo1, Muhammad Hanif Chandio2, Hamida Narejo3, Majida Parveen Narejo4, Faheem Saddar5, Ghulam Dastagir6, Ghulam Abbas7 and Shahnaz Rashid7

...ce a significant role in generating revenue in the country.

...

Deny Juniwati1, Hadri Latif2*, Trioso Purnawarman2, Zhang Shuqi3

 

... reduce it. The industry generally washes EBN with reverse osmosis (RO) water, but this method does not significantly reduce nitrite levels. Therefore, an alternative method is needed. This study aimed to analyze the effect of washing using RO water combined with ultrasonic waves to reduce nitrite level of EBN. The result of this study illustrated the effectiveness of reducing nitrite levels in EBN from two different methods. Nitrite levels in the samples were...

Mohamed Mahrous Amer1*, Hanaa Sayed Fedawy2, Hoda Mohamed Mekky2, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi2, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila2

...infiltration, hydropic degeneration of the hepatocytes and congested splenic sinusoids. While treated groups showed limited skin inflammatory condition at the site of injection and return of skin to normal color and thickness. Doxycycline+ colistin combination helps in reduction of lesions in treat infected birds, with marked improvement in measured parameters. We recommended active actions to prevent causes and factors helping in including cellulitis, regular...

Muhammad Nasir Bhaya1,2* and Hikmet Keles2

... hyperemia, epithelial degeneration, swelling, cystic dilatation and luminal proteinaceous material in tubuli, congested and hypercellular glomeruli and also inflammatory cells infiltration in the cortical and medullary area in CP group. Significant decrease of pathological lesions was found in CP+EA groups especially in the CP+EA75 group. In immunohistochemical sections, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) r...

Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan and Abdul Rauf Shakoori*

...se of a number of neurodegenerative disorders. While the current understanding of its molecular mechanisms is continually increasing, the identification and consequently the roles of transcription factors (TFs) in the respective molecular events under neuroinflammatory conditions in distinct brain regions is still lacking. To address the said gap in knowledge, first we have identified the TFs specific to IL-1β a key player in mediating inflammatory proces...

Gang Liu*, Na Xu, Zhizhong Gong and Jiahui Feng

...s, 151 families, and 395 genera; those from the Caizi Lake geese comprised 7 phyla, 28 classes, 73 orders, 133 families, and 232 genera. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota and Rozellomycota were the dominant gut fungal phyla in the geese. The alpha-diversity indices differed significantly between the Shengjin Lake and Caizi Lake geese. The Shengjin Lake geese ate mainly Poaceae species, whereas the Caizi Lake geese ate ma...
Nabila Rasheed1, Shumaila Usman2*, Madeeha Sadiq3, Bushra Wasim3, Kanwal Haneef4, Hafsa Shafqat3, Tabinda Urooj3 and Saman Rashid4
 
...l-known source for the regenerative approach. Current investigation shows that the metabolic disorders like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are not only responsible for several disease factors in adult life but also have adverse effects on perinatal environment as well as on the cellular properties of WJMSCs. This study was designed to determine the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on proliferation of WJMSCs (GDM-WJMSCs). Mesenchymal stem cel...

Chen Zhao, Lulu Ding, Ying Ye, Congying Kou, Haoran Xiao, Jing Zhu and Jicang Wang*

...ct on cell autophagy. In general, this study shows that Cd caused oxidative stress and autophagy. Nar can reduce the toxicity of Cd by attenuating oxidative stress and inhibiting autophagy. The specific mechanism of Nar antagonizing the toxicity of Cd can provide new ideas for anti-Cd toxicity, and also provide theoretical basis for the clinical application of Nar.

...

Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan2, Karim Gabol2*, Muhammad Awais3,4, Mohammad Ismail1, Sajid Mahmood1, Muhammad Aslam4 and Hamidullah5

...he waterbird species are generally thought to be threatened mainly or at least partly by over hunting. This paper provides novel information on the causal factors that lead to hunting and illegal trade of waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus in a remote villages of district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected by adopting a mix scientific approach including Participants’ observations, interviews and structured questionnaire. Our results s...

Nasratullah Baloch1, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Hamida Narejo3, Muhammad Farooq Hassan4, Ghulam Abbas5, Shahnaz Rashid5, Muhammad Hanif Chandio6, Faheem Saddar7 and Majida Parveen Narejo8

...ood resources and income generation of the local people.

...

Sameh Abdel-Moez Ahmed Amer1*, Aly Mohammed Ghetas1, Asmaa Mahmoud Maatouq1, Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila1, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy2

A.M. Abdul Azeem1, A.N. El shahat1* and Mohamed H.M. Abd el Megid2

...xtract (SeNPs-CP), their general characterization, and their assessment for antioxidant activities against liver injury induced by bisphenol A (BPA) in male rats. In this work, Citrus paradise peels extract used for reduction of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) to reduce Se ions to Se0 confirmed by changing the colour of the solution from light yellow to red. The synthesized SeNPs were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectra), Fourier transf...

A.M. Abdul Azeem1, A.N. El shahat1* and Mohamed H.M. Abd el Megid2

...xtract (SeNPs-CP), their general characterization, and their assessment for antioxidant activities against liver injury induced by bisphenol A (BPA) in male rats. In this work, Citrus paradise peels extract used for reduction of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) to reduce Se ions to Se0 confirmed by changing the colour of the solution from light yellow to red. The synthesized SeNPs were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectra), Fourier transf...

Peng Chen1, Jiaqi Li1, Hongbo Li2, Qin Lu3, Wei Liu1,4,5* and Jianliang Zhang1*

...ilar to that of birds in general (50.5% to 57.7%). In addition, the start and stop codons, the mitogenome consists of 3662 codons. The most commonly used amino acid was leucine (13.63%) in the use of M. serrator. The analyses indicated that the Anseriformes include the families Anseranatidae, Anhimidae, and Anatidae. Furthermore, Anatinae is composed of Aythyini, Anatini, Somaterini, and Mergini. M serrator was sister to M. merganser and M. squamatus, and this...

Nwafili Sylvanus Anene, Ibinabo Jessica

...sses in the hatchery. In general, the catfish farmers’ perception of causes of eggs and fry/fingerlings mortality were positive (strongly agree or agree) on 6 items and negative on 5 other items. The respondents held positive position on 10 biosecurity measures including restriction of access, disinfection of facilities, use of malachite green, sodium chloride, lime, chlorine, antibiotics and self-prepared saline water. The study also show that speciali...

Mahmood Davoodi-Omam, Hossein Mansoori Yarahmadi*, Jafar Fakhraei and Mehdi Changizi

...he results of this study generally showed that increasing the level of organic acid together with reducing the intensity of dietary restriction can improve the performance and immune responses of broilers.

...

Haiyan Nan, Ran Feng, Guiling Zhang and Jingqin Liu*

...sed as T2DM, n=450); the general data of the subjects were statistically analyzed; the lower extremity arteries of the subjects were examined by color Doppler ultrasonography, including measurement of intima-media thickness, atherosclerotic plaque and stenosis; western blot and RT-qpcr were used to detect the FGF23 protein and mRNA expression results of this study showed that in the left pop artery, the inner diameter of the T2DM group was smaller than that of...

Abnet Mekonnen1*, Kadir Abderehman1 and Feti Seyaka2

...l action potential while general anesthetics like ketamine disrupt pathways within the cerebrum and stimulates the reticular activating center. Local anaesthetics affect all excitable tissues in the body, so toxicity can occur when sufficient amounts of the drug are absorbed into the circulation. General anesthesia (GA) is not commonly used in small ruminants as its administration results in several side effects such as; rum...

Saime Betül Baygeldi1, Barıs Can Güzel1*, Ramazan Ilgün2 and Zait Ender Özkan1

...yzes were made and their general structures were photographed. Then, silicone plastination processes were applied at room temperature. The SEM images of the fresh material and the plastinated material were compared by taking the SEM images again. As a result, it was determined that the features of the tongue were preserved macroscopically after the plastination process. The silicone plastination procedure of the German mast goose tissues took a total of 31 day...

Razia Sultana1, Shinawar Waseem Ali1*, Ghulam Murtaza2 and Shahid Mahmood2

... using the advanced next-generation sequencing (NGS) method. Yogurt samples were collected from open-air shops located in different areas of Pakistan. All yogurt samples were mixed to make one composite sample. DNA was extracted from yogurt using the phenol-chloroform (organic) method. Extracted DNA was used to perform NGS/Illumina high-throughput sequencing of hypervariable regions (V3 and V4) of the 16S rRNA gene. In the composite yogurt sample, 100% bacteri...

Nabi Ullah, Abdul Samad Mumtaz*, Lubna Anjum Minhas, Muhammad Kaleem, Rooma Waqar, Amber Jabeen and Ayesha Hanif

... orders, 13 families, 22 genera, were reported from the four different sites (E1, E2, E3 and E4) of District Bajaur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Comprehensive investigation of four research stations revealed the phytoplankton diversity from Chlorophyceae to Cyanophyceae. All species were collected from the fresh water bodies during March spring to August rainy season in 2021. Collected Species were scrutinized taxonomically by using light microscope. In all studied sit...

Bilal Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Avais1*, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Masood Rabbani2, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Muhammad Awais1, Sohail Ahmad3 and Shahan Azeem2*

...s. Safety test showed no general adverse reactions to the vaccines when injected either into mice or rabbits or cow calves. Challenge protection studies revealed a significantly higher survival rate in vaccinated mice and rabbits compared to placebo groups. None of the vaccines when streaked onto culture media showed any growth indicating sterility of the vaccines. Repeated measures ANOVA was applied to compare mean O.D values of treatment groups for evaluatio...

Wen Xiong1*, Shengao Chen2, Dong Xie3, Qiang Wang4, Yanxia Li5, Lei Pan6, Xiaolei Ren7*, Wei Tang8*, Kang Chen9 and Ross N. Cuthbert10

...ers, 38 families and 105 genera in the Qiantang River, including species listed as among the ‘100 world’s worst invasive species. Therein, 24 species are endemic to China and 14 species are classed as endangered by the IUCN. We identify and discuss habitat loss, pollution, sand mining, over-fishing and non-native species as the major threats to freshwater fish biodiversity in this system. Thus, we propose that protected areas and bans on fish intro...

Syed Shakeel Shah1, Ayesha Jameel1, Sabila Afzal1*, Muhammad Zubair2, Iram Fatima Bokhari1

...f vegetables revealed 12 genera of parasites along with aquatic mites (5.74%). Taenia was the most prevalent parasite (25.28%) followed by Ascaris (21.83%), Toxocara (9.19%) and Hymenolepis (9.19%). Isospora belli and Trichostongylois were the lowest prevalent (2.29%). Trichuris, Toxoplasma, Entamoeba, Fasciola, Hookworm and Giardia showed less than 5% prevalence. Statistical inquiry indicated a significant relationship (P < 0.05) of parasitic contamination...
Jaffar Hussain*, Zeenat M. Ali and Syed Farman Ali Shah
...esel. The 1st generation feedstock would create the food shortage. The second-generation yield was comparatively less and from third generation feedstock the process was complicated and expensive. The fourth-generation feedstock produced from genetically modified algae or by artificial photosynthesis in plants to produce the raw material for b...
IRAM MUJAHID IQBAL1*, ASAD SHABBIR1, 2, KANZA SHABBIR1, MAHAM NAVEED1, FAREIHA UROOJ1,
AQSA BUTT1, RAEES KHAN3, NIDHAN SINGH4 & FIRDAUS-E-BAREEN1
...species belonging to 157 genera of 55 plant families
were being reported. The major plant families in terms of species
contribution were Fabaceae (34), Moraceae (19), Myrtaceae (14),
Rutaceae (12) and Euphorbiaceae (11). The PU botanical garden
represents 87% of the total tree collection of both the campuses. The
tree flora of PU is a representative of the whole Lahore district and about
h...

Muhammad Syarif Djaya1, Osfar Sjofjan2, Hartutik Hartutik2, Irfan Hadji Djunaidi2 

...n Alabio laying ducks. A general linear model was used in this research to identification a significant effect. The results showed used different carotenoid give insignificant difference (p < 0.05) on the whole egg quality and yolk quality. In summary, even though present slightly different the carotenoid can be used as natural pigmentation on Alabio laying ducks.  

...

Ali Mosa Rashid Al-Yasari1, Zahid I. Mohammed2, Haider S. Almnehlawi3,4, Ali F Bargooth5, Nawar Jasim Alsalih1, Huda F. Hasan6*, Mohenned A Alsaadawi1 

...betes. 

...

Lu Liu1, Xiang Zhao2, Yue Qin2, Tianxiang Gao3 and Tianyan Yang3*

...ed and assembled by next-generation sequencing techniques. The complete mitochondrial genome of Lophius litulon contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The total length of the mitochondrial genome of L. litulon was 16,430 bp, and the overall base composition of the mitochondrial genome was 26.96% A, 30.13% C, 17.58% G and 25.33% T. Our sequence is consistent with the mitogenome (NCBI ac...

Slamet Widodo1*, Mohammad Ikhsan Shiddieqy1, Teguh Wahyono2, Yeni Widiawati1, Zultinur Muttaqin1

... and produce. While some generalizations can be made, it is vital to recognize the quality differences between various plant species and even different cultivated varieties. This   study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between nutrient content, digestibility, and gas production of several forages in Indonesia that could help to develop prediction equations about feed digestibility and gas production to these forages. Parameters measured in...

Erkinjon B. Shakarboev1*, Abat S. Berdibaev2

...esearch, representing 39 genera, 25 families, 13 orders, 4 classes and 3 phyla, with 17 species (32%) from the class Cestoda, 4 (8%) from Trematoda, 3 (6%) from Acanthocephala and 29 (55%) from Nematoda. The highest diversity of helminth species among the studied predators was recorded in the Fox – 40 species. It was followed by the Jungle Cat – 27 species, Golden Jackal – 25, Wolf – 22, Domestic Dog – 20 and Badger – 16 spe...

Mervat M. Fath- Allah, Amal A. Ahmed, Hala A. Amin

...virus universal
degenerate primer was used to amplify the polyprotein region of members of Potyviridae. The RTPCR
revealed 335 bp amplified products with only infected plant samples corresponding to viruses
BYMV, CVMV, PVY, WMV and ZYMV, and according to virus symptoms and ELISA results. The
nucleotide sequence analysis of the polyprotein gene of PVY-ME2 (the present Egyptian isolate)
showed 98% homology with the PVY-isolate ...

Rini Widyastuti1*, Rangga Setiawan1, Nurcholidah Solihati1, Siti Darodjah1, Kundrat Hidajat1, Mochamad Ali Mauludin2, Alkaustariyah Lubis3, Mas Rizky Anggun Adipurna Syamsunarno4, Sigit Prastowo5, Takdir Saili6, Arief Boediono7

...y Tampomas Farmers Group generally had adequate knowledge of reproductive physiology but little experience in managing dairy farming goats, leading to suboptimal reproductive performance. 
 
Keywords | Dairy goat, Reproductive management, Breeding practice, Reproductive performance
...

Hamdy Abdala El-Nagar1, Abdelaziz Mohamed Elhais2, Ayman Hassan Abd El-Aziz3, Wael Mohamed Wafa1, Mohamed Sobhy Elsayed Farrag2, Moataz Ibrahim Badawy1, Safaa Elsayed Salah Atia2

...rove growth performance, general health status, immune response, and total antioxidant capacity. From an economical point of view, this treatment could increase profits by reducing morbidity, diarrhea cases, and mortality, and improving the performance of breeding male calves during suckling and the early post-weaning period. 
 
Keywords | Friesian-calves, Propolis, Thyme, Immunoglobulins, Hematology, Blood constituents
...

Sri Suharyati, Tiwi Aries Pani, Akhmad Dakhlan, Syahrio Tantalo, Kusuma Adhianto*

...n the growth of the next generation. This research was conducted in Gisting and Sumberejo Subdistricts, Tanggamus District and we aimed to determine the body weight and body sizes of Saburai goats doe who have single and twin birth types. Data collection was carried out on 62 Saburai goats doe in the study area. Data were analyzed by t-test. The results showed that the average body weight, body length, shoulder height, chest circumference, chest width, chest d...

Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa1*, Hapsari Mahatmi1, Ketut Tono Pasek Gelgel1, I Gusti Ketut Suarjana1, I Nengah Kerta Besung1, Romy Muhammad Dary Mufa2 , I Wayan Sukernayasa3 

...fungi belonging to seven genera were isolated from 22 Bali cows. The prevalence rates of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Curvularia, and Candida, Mucor, and Penicillium spp. were 41, 25, 19, 6, and 3%, respectively. These data add important information to the literature on the fungal microbiota in healthy Bali cows. 

...

Sajid Mehmood Shahzad

...st of Pakistan. Pakistan generated $1.94 million in 2020 as the 57th-highest exporter of Seaweeds, locust beans, and related items. Five-year projections for Pakistan (2016–2020) suggest considerable expansion, with a cumulative $8.36 million in trade volume. This review article uses a descriptive approach to understand Pakistan’s potential and the state of its seaweed trade.
...
...rticles aggregates and degenerated mitochondria in cytoplasm of lentil leaf cells infected with PMoV. Effect of environmental factors and populations of insects on virus infection.
...

Shiferaw Demissie Tola1, Diriba Muleta2, Fassil Assefa2 and Beira Hailu Meressa1*

...a wide range of Pi could generate more reliable information on the host status of pepper varieties. 

...

Moazzam Baig*, Sohaib Ahmed and Arz Muhammad Umrani

...animals harm the local regeneration as well as the local land cover. The proposed Hypothesis shows that the significant relationship between Dependent and Independent variables i.e. Forest Degradation and Socio-Economic Factors.

...

Roberto Gallegos-Acero1, Ali William Canaza-Cayo2,4*, Francisco Halley Rodríguez-Huanca1, Rubén Herberht Mamani-Cato3, Abigail de la Cruz1, Júlio Sílvio de Sousa Bueno Filho4 

... number of ancestors (), generation interval (GI) and the pedigree completeness, the ENDOG program v.4.8 was used. The F and AR were 0.06% and 0.40%, respectively, The number of ancestors that gave rise to the reference population was 288, the for the reference population was 132. The was 338 animals. The average generational interval was 5.53 years, being higher in the gametic pathways: sire-daughter and sire-son. The pe...

Nurul Isnaini*, Dedes Amertaningtyas, Hanief Eko Sulistyo, Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti, Faizal Andri

...ce using Proc Mixed with general linear model (GLM) using SAS studio for academics Online Edition (https://odamid-apse1.oda.sas.com/SASStudio/). Comparing two results, it can be seen that the different enriched media gave gradually significant differences (p < 0.05) in the egg weight, number of eggs of BSF success to hatch, hatchability, length, width, and number of change becoming flies at period shown. Conclusively it has been shown that the different enr...

Tevina Edwin, Arfa’i*, Olivio Dickresna

...rs. The cattle kept were generally Peranakan simental (F1-F4), Pesisir cattle, Bali cattle, and Peranakan Ongole cattle. The feed provided was forage and concentrate with a rate of 10% of the cow’s body weight. Cattle were intensively reared in a semi-permanent housing system. Disease prevention has been done well, especially to handled worm diseases. The average income of farmers from livestock early was only IDR 4,677,545 or IDR 389,795/month. This inc...
Rusli Tonda1, Lili Zalizar1*, Wahyu Widodo1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi1, David Hermawan1, Damat Damat1, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile2, Irum Iqrar3, Trias Agung Pakarti4,5, Shazma Anwar6 and Wirawan Wira7
 
 
...he highest organic waste-generating countries, with an average of 12 × 106 t yr–1. After being processed, organic waste is highly potential to contribute to animal farming, and “aking rice” is one such product. After cleaning and rinsing, rice remains are sundried to reach a water content of < 14 %. However, no literature or findings are yet to discover whether “aking rice” is palatable for poultry. ...

Haneen Imad Al-Sultani1*, Ahmed Obaid Hussain1, Hazar Shakir Saleh2 

...hemorrhage, glomerular degeneration, fatty changes, cysts and vacuoles in the renal tubule cells and lymphocytic infiltration in the kidney tissue with gradual increase in rosuvastatin concentrations 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded in the current study that the use of rosuvastatin in high doses causes nephrotoxicity.   

...

Shudong Liu1,2, Shuai Wang1,2, Haoran Cui1 and Genyuan Chen1,2*

...alue of fine wool. It is generally considered to be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. We aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genomic regions that are associated with ACMS in the Chinese Merino sheep population. To identify the genetic risk factors of alopecia in Chinese Merino sheep population, we carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The 60 Chinese Merino sheep alopecia cases and the 190 Chinese Merino sh...

Amna Ali Mohammed Makoof Zabanoot, Al Wafaa Ahmed Suhail Qatan, Amal Salim Mahad Hubais, Khadijah Hamid Musallam Bait Said and Selvaraju Sivamani*

...is a residual by product generated during the calcination of rejected limestone. In the present study, the aim is to utilize rejected lime as a soil conditioner and evaluate its effectiveness for the growth of the green gram (Vigna radiata) plant. The soil samples were collected from eastern (16.9931° N, 54.7028° E) and western (16.7118° N, 53.1857° E) mountainous ranges of Dhofar Governorate, Oman. Soil and rejected lime samples were evaluated...

Sara H. Zughayyar*, Amer H. Gyad 

...revealed that castor oil generated an accumulation of water and electrolytes in the intestinal loop. Weight and volume of the intestine were reduced after treatment with the fruit extract of Prosopis farcta L. In contrast to loperamide, all groups intestinal contents varied significantly (P≤0.05) in volume and weight. Histopathological examinations of the duodenum corroborated the antidiarrheal efficacy of the extract. In contrast to the positive control gr...

Ashfaq Hussain1, Javed Khan2, Ammara Blouch3, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Ashraf Khan4,5* and Zaheer Sikandar6

...al K value for the whole generation was 0.33.

...

Farhana Umer1, Muhammad Sheryar2 and Sangam Khalil3*

...nsfers from power plants generation to substations then to consumers and its own environment is tremendous. Among various hazards, the overhead wires associated with power lines are the most fatal hazard to birds. The power lines and poles have caused fatal risks for birds and have affected their habitats significantly. Dangerous types of power poles in the middle voltage lines which have small distances between the lines and short insulators cause short-circu...
Muhammad Javed Iqbal1, Farah Rauf Shakoori1*, Bushra Muneer2 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3

Hualong Jiang1, Tao Li2,3*, Jing Xiang3, Hanqing Yang3 and Maolin He3

... the present study, next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed to compare changes of microeukaryotic communities in local sediments influenced by sea-crossing bridge construction. Relatively low levels of alpha diversity and high levels of beta diversity were observed in samples influenced by bridge construction (group EG). The decreased abundance of Chloroplastida and increased abundance of Animalia in group EG suggested that engine...
Riffat Sultana1*, Mohan Lal1, Samiullah Soomro1, Santosh Kumar2 and Ahmed Ali Samejo1
... were sorted out into 07 genera and 11 species. Morphological and morphometry account of each species with illustration ecology and global distribution was given. Taxonomic keys have been generated at generic and species level.

...

Mubashar Hussain*, Habiba Razaq, Muhammad Faheem Malik, Kiran Aftab, Jaweria Riaz and Somia Liaqat

...longed to 18 species, 11 genera, nine tribes, and five subfamilies. Data were analyzed with Similarities Percentage (SIMPER) analysis and diversity indices were compared among those three croplands. We found that Pheropsophus lissoderus was the most abundant and dominant species in all three study sites whereas Brachinus bilineatus and Galerita lecontei were recorded only in tehsil Phalia, Pheropsophus verticalis, and Dioryche subrecta in Malakwal. Pheropsophu...

Abdul Aziz1,2, Hamad Bin Rashid1*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Ayesha Hassan1, Hamid Akbar1, Sadaf Imran1, Naveed Hussain1, Muhammad Umar1, Muhammad Asif1, Sajjad Javaid1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3

...romising candidate for regenerative therapy. SVF is preferred over culture-expanded stem cells due to its quick availability for clinical use and easy preparation. Burn wounds are a serious problem faced by veterinary clinicians in various animals. In this regard, the study was planned for the preparation and characterization of SVF from the adipose tissue of rabbits. Twelve healthy rabbits having body weight of 1000-1500g and of the same age were included in ...

Oghenebrorhie M. Oghenochuko1,4*, Olubukola T. Adenubi3, Olusola L. Ajayi3, Fakilahyel M. Mshelbwala3, Johnny O. Olukunle3, Samson A. Rahman3 and Godfrey N.O. Ezeri2

...ging effect on organs. Degenerations were observed in the hepatocytes and epithelia cells in the kidney in some treatments especially in bath treatments. In conclusion, onion bulb showed no toxicity in the blood parameters but dose should be considered to avoid harmful effect on liver and kidneys.

...

Rasema Majeed, Alaa Kamil Mahmood* 

...ngested blood vessels, regeneration of islet cells. fourth group was administered 81.7 mg/kg BW of ginger ethanolic extract loaded with chitosan nanoparticles orally for 45 days and showed normal section of islet cells, regeneration of islet cells also showed no clear lesions in the islet cells. whereas fifth group was administered 81.7 mg/kg of chitosan nanoparticles orally for 45 days and showed few destructions and vacuol...

Roheela Yasmeen1,3* , Faheem Hafeez1 , Umme Ammara1 , Rubab Younas1 , Sibtain Ahmad2 , Zulfiqar Ali3, Zaheer Ahmad Nasir4 

...kel (Ni), Lead (Pb)). In general, the concentration of all essential, trace, and heavy metals was found to be highest in feed followed by litter and air samples. However, Cr, Hg and Pb were higher in litter samples of group A as compared to feed and air. All the samples were statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA. A significant difference of feed was present with litter and air samples within groups (p<0.05) however, no significant differences were rec...

Turrini Yudiarti*, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Endang Widiastuti, Hanny Indrat Wahyuni, Tri Agus Sartono, Maulana Hamonangan Nasution

...ntibiotic feed additives generated from fungal ferments, which have been shown to improve gastrointestinal health and production. Fungal can be used as a feed additive, and their effectiveness has been demonstrated in boosting animal development and growth. Monascus purpureus is a fungus that has a potential and is commonly used in medicine. They produce many secondary metabolites that has been shown improve the nutritional quality, antibacterial properties an...
Omaima Khamiss
... different virus species generally exhibit a considerable degree of structural diversity. However, some sequenced baculovirus genomes from closely related viruses are structurally very similar and share overall nucleotide sequence identities in excess of 95%. This work focuses on the comparative essential basis studies to better know complex interactions between baculoviruses infecting the pest in question (Spodoptera littoralis) in relation to stabilit...
Mohga A. El-Tahlawey1, Samah. A. Mokbel1, A.M. Mandour1,and H. A. Mohamed2
...rticles aggregates and degenerated mitochondria in cytoplasm of lentil leaf cells infected with PMoV. Effect of environmental factors and populations of insects on virus infection revealed a positive relationship was recorded between Insect incidence and percentage of virus infection during 2007 and 2009, meanwhile the temperature and relative humidity were lower in Behera than Fayoum. the percentage of virus infection was higher.
...

Bakr3 *, Youssef M.; Nour El-Din3, Hanan A.; Abd EL-Wahed2, Waiel F. and Hemeidal , Aläa A.

...tware and released under general public license (GPL) to predict immunogenic peptides suitable for antibodies production. The thirty amino acids peptide which start from position 163 to position 192 got high score and match the previous laboratory studies which make it one of the best candidates to be immunogenic and capable of producing antibodies that cross react with PLRV. The peptide was chemically synthesized and injected into animal (mouse). The obtained...
Mohamedl , Shimaa D.; Ghareeb2, A.; El-Dougdoug , K. A. and Bekheitl , H.K.
...ells, goblet cells and regenerated cells loose their identity and become disorganized, also breaking down of peritrophic membrane and basement membrane and red colour appeared due to presence of granules particles. The morphological structures of P. operculella infected larvae with granulosis virus as well as healthy ones were examined by SEM. It showed complete destruction of external larval body , abdominal segments overlapped in some , prolegs and thoracic ...

El Sayed l , Yasmein A.; Ghareeb2 , A.; El-Dougdoug3, K. A. and Bekheetl , H. K.

...ells, goblet cells and regenerated cells loose their identity and become disorganized also breaking down of peritrophie membrane and basement membrane and scatter of viral polyhedra and small empty vacuoles were observed.

...

Rabia Anjum

...uo;s disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of neurons in which brain cells started to loss their functions. Its main cause is dementia which results in decreased activity of brain such as thinking and increased dependence on others to fulfill the daily tasks. The pathological identification of AD is beta amyloid accumulation or development of neurofibrillary tangles of tau proteins. Currently different hypothesis was proposed in the progression of disease whi...
Abdel Hamidl , Saiwa El-s.; Abdel-Wahab l , Kouka S.E. ; salehl , Laila H.;
Davis3, E. Graham ; Hastie4, Ian and Booth2 ,James C.
 
....6% of 720 sera from the general population in Cairo were seropositive by the age of 5 years compared with 33.3% of 313 sera from British subjects in London. HCMV IgM antibodies were detected only in a small proportion of elderly individuals in both cities. Testing of urine specimens by virus culture showed that congenital infection with HCMV was more common in Cairo (1.28%), compared with (0.0%) in London. Urine samples from 8.6% of Egyptian children aged 2 w...

Sharawil , S.S.A. and Abd El-Rahim2, I.H.A.•

...g the obtained sequences generated from this gene coding protein; Egyptian PPRVs were grouped phylogenetically belongs to lineage IV. To the author knowledge, this is the first report describing the fusion protein (F) gene sequence, phylogenic analysis and -lineage typing of Egyptian isolates of PPRVs.

...

Zein Salwa N; Abd El-khalik, Samaa; Khatab  , Eman A.A.H and Azzam4,Clara R.

...a 60Co source. Ml and M2 generations were sown at the experimental fann of the Agricultural Res. Center to induce variability in the sunflower genotypes; Giza 102 and Sakha 53, which could be resistant to TMV-S. The statistical analysis indicated significant differences among irradiation doses on plant height; all used doses increased plant height comparing with the control. Inoculation with TMV-S caused decreases in plant height over all other factors. Number...

Ahmed*, Amal A.; Khatab*, Eman A.H. ; Dawood*, Rehab A. and Ismeil*, Amira .M.

...mg/l NAA ) . Plantlets regenerated from meristem measuring 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm yielded (90 and 80 % ) for CLV and (92 and 80 ) for CarVMV virus-free tested plantlets respectively,while larger meristems (0.3 and 0.4 mm ) were not effective . As well as the plantlets survival was (20 , 35 , 65 and 80% ) for meristem measuring( 0.1, 0.2, 0.3and 0.4 mm ) respectively . Where as the exposure of carnation plantlets infected with CLV and CarVMV to three temperature reg...

Abeer, E.Mansour and Hegazi, A.Z.

...e immune parameters were generally increased gradually to reach the highest value of cellular immunity by the 2e day, while that of neutralizing antibodies was reached by the  week to the 10th week post vaccination. It was noticed that vaccination of cattle and sheep resulted in higher and longer duration of immune response than those obtained in vaccinated goat and buffaloes. While in vaccinated camels there was no evidence of antibodies against FMD. On ...

Amer, H.M.; Hussein, H. A.; El-Sabagh, I. M.; El-Sanousi, A. A. Saber,M.S. and Shalaby, M. A.

...g PCR and propagated for generation of high-titer viral stocks. In vitro expression studies utilizing the recombinant baculoviruses were conducted and revealed high-level expression of N protein as indicated by its distinct reactivity in immunofluoresence, solid phase ELISA and Western blot.

...

S.A. Sidaros, S.A. El-Kewey , Hala A. Amin;Eman A.H. Khatab ,  A.A. Emeran l , Samaa Abd El-Khalilk and M.A.S. El-Kady

...g a specific non:åegenerate primer pair for the PMMoV coat protein gene (PMM-F and PMM-R) revealed 470 bp amplified product. Dot blot hybridization was used to establish the authenticity and specificity to the RT-PCR amplified Products of PMMoV. The coat protein gene of an Egyptian isolate of PMMoV was cloned and sequenced, The sequence contained a full-length ORF coding for the viral CP. It comprises 473 nt and a polypeptide chain of 157 amino acids wit...

Sabry Y. M. Mahmoud; Maher H. Hosseny and Mamdouh H. Abdel-Ghaffar

...ct on potato yield and degeneration of seed tubers. This study aimed to eliminate potato virus Y (PVY) by tissue culture technique using different therapies, such as thermo-, chemo- and electrotherapies. Potato plants cv. Diamond cultivated at Faculty of Agriculture farm, Sohag University were tested by direct antigen coatingenzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA) using antisera against PVY, Potato virus X (PVX) and Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV). The res...

*Amal Abou El-Ela A., M. A. Amer and Eman A. H. Khatab,

...ain reaction utilizing degenerate primers derived from conserved regions in the genome of potyviruses was designed to amplify a 335 bp cDNA fragment from infected plant using degenerate oligonucleotide primers specific for detection of Potyvirus group. Amplification of total RNA extracted from infected carnation suggesting the presence of one Potyvirus in the tested carnation plant. Nucleic acid spot hybridization assay also...

Amina A. II. and M.K. Amin

...eriophages as a mediated generalized transducing vectors of genetic material play role in natural ecology.

...

S.Y.M. Mahmoud1 and M. Hashem2

... in the field, including general chlorosis, wilting and necrotic vein yellowing. Samples Of rhizomania-like symptom roots and its adjacent soil were taken from these areas and tested for the presence of BNYVV using indirect DAS-ELISA with specific polyclonal antibodies to C-terminal 60 amino acids of BNYVV coat protein and bait plants test, respectively. The results confirmed the presence of BNYVV in 46 out of 184 and 24 out of 50 root and soil samples, respec...

A. A. Kheder1; I. A. M. Ibrahim2; H. M. Mazyadl

...hown. Extensive severe degeneration of chloroplast and mitochondria structure as well as development of cell wall protrusions was observed.

...

A.A.Farrag;  I.A.M. Ibrahim and, H.M. Mazyad

... PCR product was used to generate ACLSV-specific probe to detect the virus in infected plants using non-radioactive molecular hybridization methods. The result showed that it is more sensitive than DASELISA and can be used for large scale detection. PCR product was cloned and sequenced. Comparison between local isolate sequence and other published sequences of the Same virus shows 79.4% - 84% homology.

...

S. A. Khalil1; M. El-Sayed2; M. M. El-Fayomy2; H. Y. Hassan3 and A. Zaghawa3

...ostrums taken beside the general rules of transfer of maternal immunity through colostrums as for esmnple the quantity and proper time of colostrums intake. 3) The assessment of SNA in calves is very essential to determine the proper time of vaccination especially after natural outbreak. This point needs further insestigation 

...

Huda M. Hamid1, Fadia W. Al-Azawi2* and Zaid F. Makki3

...ion planning, hydropower generation, and management of drought and water scarcity. To analyze the hydrology characteristics of Iraq dams and to conduct this analysis, remote sensing and GIS techniques have been used. The analysis of hydrology characteristics in Iraqi dams is crucial to ensure sustainable water resource management. This research provided a comprehensive overview of the current state of hydrology characteristics in Iraqi dams and to identify are...

Sulake Fadhil Al-Zubaidi1*, Ghusoon A.A. Alneamah2, Ali Saleh Mahdi1, Abdulraheem Abduljalil Wali3

...ovariohysterectomy under general anesthesia. Bacterial isolation was made on chromogenic agar to identification of bacteria associated with pyometra. In group I after 24 hr. from giving Aglepristone there was vaginal discharge, in some cases, we need to give a second dose of Aglepristone to bitch. In group II, PGF2α was injected after pus came out from the vulva, there was a rapid evacuation of pus from the uterus in comparison with group I with many sid...

Makmun1, Imam Mujahidin Fahmid2, Muhammad Saleh S. Ali2*, Muhammad Yamin Saud2, Rahmadanih3

Syed Majid Rasheed1*, Tauseef Ali1, Saad Jan1, Faiz ur Rehman2, Muhammad Ali Shah3, Zahid Hussain1 and Abdul Waheed4

... and P2 and P3 were good general combiners. G8 and G14 were superior crosses due to high per se performance and significant SCA effects. Heritability analysis suggested that the selection of the studied traits should not be based on phenotypic performance. A heterosis study revealed that most of the crosses outperform the checks, and hence could be used in future okra breeding programs. The estimated inbreeding depression revealed that the majority of the trai...

Ahmed Kadhim Munahi1* , Hameed A. Al-Timmemi2 

...rticles on spinal cord regeneration in dogs. For this objective, sixteen healthy mongrel dogs were used. They were divided into two equal groups (n=8) at random. All dogs underwent dorsal laminectomy and left lateral hemisection at the level of the second lumbar vertebra. In the control group, the hemisections were treated with 0.2 mL of phosphate buffer saline. Chitosan nanoparticles were applied to the chitosan group with hemisection stie. From the first wee...

Lingang Dai1,2,3, Xiang Chen1,2,3, Jiajin Huang1,2,3, Jiali Xu1,2,3, Meimei Xiao1,2,3, Jiajing Chen1,2,3 and Yong Ruan1,2,3*

... white goat to obtain F3 generation of Boer × White goat hybrid to improve its production performance. To study the effect of PGAM2 gene polymorphisms on the performance of F3 generation hybrid goats, the relationship between PGAM2 gene polymorphisms and slaughter traits, meat quality traits and organ coefficients was determined in 39 F3 generation hybrid goats. The results showed th...

Skeikh Mustafizur Rahman1*, Mst. Shirin Sharmin Khan1, Yousef Ahmed Alkhamis2,3, Roshmon Thomas Mathew2, Md. Moshiur Rahman1, Mohammed Monirul Islam4, Md. Asadujjaman5 and Md. Golam Sarower1

...e mostly consumed by the general coastal inhabitants in Bangladesh.

...
Nael Abutaha, Fahd A. AL-Mekhlafi*, Khalid Elfaki Ibrahim, 
Mohammed S. Al-Khalifa and Mohamed A. Wadaan
...d peritrophic membrane degeneration. The extract also showed high cytotoxic activity against HUV-EC cells, with an LC50 of 19.8 µg/mL. The results indicated that G. mangostana has larvicidal activity against Cx. pipiens larvae. Further investigation can be done to confirm the larvicidal potential of this plant against different genus and species of mosquitoes.

...

Tinda Afriani1*, Jaswandi1, Yurnalis1, Putri Oktavially1, I Made Merdana2 

...d three genotypes with a general heterozygosity value where H0>He. The growth hormone gene from the Pesisir and FH cattle crosses were polymorphic, with imbalanced genotype frequencies, and the body size of males was longer than that of females.
 

...
Muhammad Saleem1, Saifullah Khan2* and Mahmood ul Hasan3
 
...tudy will be helpful for general practitioners consult the problems and recognize the factors associated with the project delays. The work will provide a base for the further research to incoming researchers, stakeholders, consultants and advance the assessment of mega projects in Pakistan as well as international level. 
...
Syed Roohullah Jan1, Kareem Akhtar2*, Uroosa1, Muhammad Zeeshan Zahir3, Abdul Shakoor4
 
...eight: normal;">Coatings generated using traditional methods undergo oxidation and contamination problems. Cold spray is recently used to obtain pure coatings without oxidation. In this work coatings of Ag-Sn-Cu powder are achieved on the Aluminum substrate and human teeth, using the high-pressure cold spray technique. The powder when mixed with Mercury is called amalgam and is commonly used in dental applications for cavity filling. However, Mercury is health...

Salema Lafta Hassan1*, Taghred Jabbar Humadai1, Sabrin Ibraheem Mohsin

...es revealed testicular degeneration, together with the absence of spermatids, no epididymal sperm in the epididymal tubules. In conclusion, Folcord has a severe toxic effect on mice, as evidenced by histological and immunological changes in the male reproductive mice, according to the results of the current study.
 
Keywords | Spermatogenesis, Mice, Experimental design, Folcord, Oil adjuvant vaccine (OAV), Pasteurella multocida
Rahmat Ullah Khan*1, Karim Gabol1, Abbas Khan1, Asif Sadam2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Hamid Ullah5, Muhsin Ali4, Gul Bacha Khan4 and Habib Ul Hassan1
...ers, 40 families, and 71 genera occurring in the study area. Among the three habitat types, the more diverse and abundant habitat of birds was Creek (51%) followed by scrubland (27%) and Bhambore fort (21%) with Shannon diversity index (3.701). The more diverse and abundant bird species were the winter visitors followed by resident species. The common birds with higher numbers were Indian black-winged stilt (375) followed by great egret (180), western reef egr...

Joseph Oyiguh Abraham1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Ruth Foluke Aminu1, Emmanuel Edegbo1, Olubunmi Marvelous Emurotu1, Danjuma Muhammed2, Jesse Joseph Chock3, Helen Ojomachenwu Ocean4 and Yahaya Ocholi5

Yongtao Xu1, Dandan Wang1, Xiaolong Hu1, Minling Li1, Ming Tang1, Wuhua Liu2, Jianwen Zhan2 and Weiwei Zhang1*
... to 82 families, and 110 genera. An alpha diversity analysis showed that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). The NMDS analysis found considerable overlap at the three sampling sites, and the niche breadths of SS (Fir forests), MP (The nursery base), and NJS (Nie Jiashan) were 9.593, 9.426, and 9.419, respectively. High-throughput sequencing and metabarcoding trnL could provide higher taxonomic resolution, identify more food items, and can simult...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Naveed2,3*, Muhammad Shafiq2, Irfan Rasool2 and Muhammad Afzal Zahid2

...combinants in subsequent generations. Resultantly, a uniform and high yielding progeny line PCK-09012, later designated as “Noor-2019” was selected and evaluated for yield, agronomy, and insect pests. This cultivar revealed a potential yield of 2882 kg ha-1 in testing phase and outperformed standard checks by producing 78.2%, 13.1%, and 28.8% higher grain yield in station, adaptation and national uniform yield trials, respectively. The plants of No...

Pramudya Andiana*, Moch. Geerhan Miraja Syahdan, Khothibul Umam Al Awwaly, Abdul Manab

Muhammad Akram1, Anirban Mandal2*, Mehwish Iqbal3, Arindam Mukherjee4, Ritika Bandyopadhyay5, Surendar Rangasamy6, Rida Zainab1, Muhammad Talha Khalil1, Pragnesh Parmar7 and Umme Laila1

...n, a flavonoid glycoside generally found in a range of botanicals, is efficient against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and influenza A virus. Ascorbic acid, beta carotene and lots of phenolics play active parts in decreasing inflammation, postponing aging, and averting certain kinds of carcinomas. There are some phenolic compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, vitamins and lignins derived from plants acts as antioxidan...

Abdeljabbar Nassiri1, Mouloud Lamtai1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Hajar Benmhammed1, Sidi Mohamed Coulibaly1,3, Miloud Chakit1, Laila Ibouzine-dine1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El-Hessni1

...hat, in both genders, MD generates an anxiogenic and depressive effect compared to the control group, which are linked to an increased OS in the PFC of rats, with greater impact during adolescence and adulthood. Interestingly, most measures showed sex differences in responses, particularly in the MD group. Our findings suggest that MD causes short-term and long-term changes in anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and OS. Such effects depend on gender and...

Qamer J. Jadoaa, Raffal A. Omar*

...5% Diclofenac, on bone regeneration. Forty-five adult male rabbits of the local breed were employed to create a 3.5mm hole defect in the proximal third of the medial aspect of the tibia by an electric drill with dropping isotonic normal saline to prevent thermal necrosis. The experimental animals were divided randomly into three equal groups, each group include fifteen rabbits (n=15). control without any additive. group 1(lidocaine hcl). Which applied daily si...

Abdul Haseeb1, Yasir Iftikhar1, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan1*, Safdar Ali2, Rana Binyamin3, Salman Ghuffar4 and Muhammad Usman Ghani5,6

...re assessed in different genera of citrus crop i.e. kinnow, sweet orange, feutral’s early, grape fruit and sweet lime, both in healthy and declining orchards. Whitehead and Hemming tray method was used for the isolation of T. semipenetrans which showed that the population was low in declining orchards as compared to the population densities found in healthy orchards. Kinnow was the most infested by nematode with mean population 1161 while sweet orange wa...

M. Imran Kasana, Rashid Iqbal Khan*, Noor Ullah Khan, M. Noman, Shahid Ali, Saima Mumtaz, Shamaila Rasheed and M. Qamar-Uz-Zaman

Wahid Hussein El-Dabae*, Eman Shafeek Ibrahim, Eslam Gaber Sadek, Mai Mohamed Kandil

...cating an urgent need to generate a new vaccine candidate. In this study, the live Orthoavulavirus javaense (AOAV-1) genotype VII.1.1 strain (CH-EGY-GIZA-VVTNRC-2021) (Genbank accession number MW603772) was attenuated by combining passaging with limiting 10-fold dilutions in the allantoic cavity of embryonated hens eggs for 20 passages. The attenuated virus was used to vaccinate 20 SPF chicks and its protective efficacy was checked. Intracerebral pathogenicity...

Tayfun Karatas1*, Betul Apaydın Yıldırım2 and Serkan Yıldırım3

...r, CMN exposure led to degeneration, steatosis, and necrosis in liver hepatocytes as well as hyperemia and inflammation in the liver and caused degeneration, desquamation, necrosis and adhesion in the gill epithelium. Additionally, expression levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Caspase 3 were severe in the liver and gill tissues. However, both 50 and 100 mg doses of TLE had protective effects against CMN-induce...

Hongsen Xu*, Xiaoni Wang, Tie Tian, Changyu Zhao, Denghang Yu and Jun Liu

... changes, such as cell degeneration and necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration, were found in diseased crayfish. In conclusion, this study confirmed the pathogen of whitish muscle disease in farmed P. clarkii, and preliminarily investigated the biological characteristic, pathogenicity and drug sensitivity of this bacterium. The results of this study will provide scientific guidance for the effective prevention and control of muscle turbidity o...
Fen Wang1,2, Lin Zuo1,2, Xiang Zhou1,2, Zhu Chen1,2, Xiao Na Xu1,2, Suo Fei Ji1,2, Guan Jun Hou1,2, Cheng Jun Zhu2, Ye Zhang3, You Feng Su4, Gendong Jin5, Jia Jia Wang1,2, Yuan Gao6, Guang Tong Song1,2* and Ye Lin Jiang1,2*
...dy of two types of third-generation Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Trionyx sinensis) from the Yangtze River (i.e., Type A with black spots on the carapace and Type B without spots) was conducted to evaluate the effect of selective breeding on their nutritional composition. Our nutrient analysis results indicated that both types were high-quality aquatic products with high protein and low fat contents. The amino acid contents in the muscle of type A were signifi...

Ghaith Z. Hasan Al-Askari *, Eman H. Yousif Al-Taee

... the liver is severe and generalized hepatocellular necrosis, which revealed congestion, hemorrhage, and degeneration of hepatic cells. Some sections of the kidneys show vacuolation of mesangial cells in the glomerular tuft. Muscles of treated rats revealed severe histopathological changes under stress from both doses of toxic cholecalciferol, also showing the widespread mineralization of muscle fibers. From this study concl...

Oybek A.Abduganiev1, Erkinjon B.Shakarboev2*

...ies of helminths from 32 genera, 22 families, 13 orders, 4 classes and 3 phyla were identified in predatory fish from bodies of water in the middle course of the Syrdarya River. By their life cycle, 24 of the species recorded in predatory fish are biohelminths and 11 geohelminths. The helminths were recorded in predatory fish in the following proportions: Trematoda – 31.4%, Cestoda – 28.5%, Acanthocephala – 8.5% and Nematoda – 31.4%. Th...

Nadya Indriyani1, Sri Murtini2*, Sri Darwati3, Cece Sumantri3

...mation were collected in generations 3 and 4. In the third generation, as many as 36 chickens (9 males and 27 females) aged 27 weeks and 162 IPB-D3 chicken eggs, in the fourth generation aged DOC and 2 weeks, each 81 samples. Total Immunoglobulin yolk (IgY) observations were made using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus (AbNDV) meth...

NUSRAT MAJEED* & ABIDA BUTT

...t species and twenty-one genera. This study added twenty-three first records of species from ten genera. The female of Phintella indica is in this study for the first time.

...

MUBEEN RIAZ1, KIRAN ZAHID1, SUMAIRA ASLAM CHOHAN1, MUHAMMAD ASHFAQ*2, MUHAMMAD ALI2, RIFFAT SIDDIQUE1, NUDRAT ANEES1 & FARAH KHAN1

...etic variation. Profiles generated by the third primer i.e. OPI_05_R showed 4 monomorphic bands with control and NaCl stressed O. tenuiflorum L. While, 100mM salt stressed plant showed total loss of bands. In addition, the expression level of control plant was brighter than the salt stressed plants. The expression level was gradually decreased with an increase in NaCl concentration. These results suggested that increase in salt concentration had a damaging eff...

ADEEBA SYED1, DILAWAR HUSSAIN2, UZMA RAFI1 & SUMAIRA MAZHAR1*

...atrophy, shrinkage and degeneration of intestine was observed for different CPF concentrations. Kidney sections of Labeo rohita under different CPF concentrations exhibited nuclear hypertrophy, vacuolar degeneration of glomeruli, and occlusion of tubular lumen, cloudy swelling degeneration and hyaline droplets degeneration. In the liver tissue prominent ...

SYED SHAHID IMRAN BUKHARI1&2* & ZULFIQAR ALI 2

...e prescription habits of general practitioners dealing with asthma in Lahore. Among 200 practitioners, 166 (83%) responded. One hundred and sixty six asthmatic subjects were selected and given to the practitioners at Gulab Devi hospital, Lahore. Practitioners were asked for a prescription for each subject and also to write views on dietary restrictions in asthmatics. The practitioners prescribed totally thirty patterns of short acting β-2 agonist and 16 p...

 Muhammad Sultan1,4, Muhammad H. Mahmood2,4, Takahiko Miyazaki3,4, Shigeru Koyama3,4, Zahid M. Khan1

 

...ccant/system size, and regeneration temperature etc. Usually it is difficult to measure open-cycle adsorption kinetics precisely in adsorption heat pump systems. Therefore, present study provides an experimental comparison of close and open cycle based water vapor adsorption kinetics for the development of desiccant air-conditioning system. In this regard, a polymer based hydrophilic sorbent was used for close and open cycle adsorption measurements. Gravimetri...

Inayat ul Islam1, Rooh Ullah1, Ahmed Zia2, Abdul Rauf Bhatti2*, Maryum Ilyas2, Sohail Hayat1 and Khabab Hayat1

...ed four families, eleven genera and seventeen species and added new geographic range to Odonata fauna of the country. Among recorded fauna, family Libellulidae appeared to be the dominant group, representing 14 species, followed by family Aeshnidae, Calopterygidae and Coenagrionidae representing single species each. Being a flying insect group, seasonal surveys and temporal data for Odonata in this ecologically rich and geopolitically important area are highly...

Anisa Mushtaq1, Murtaz ul Hasan1*, Asim Shamim2, Muhammad Ali Abdullah Shah1, Muhmamad Arif Zafar3, Abdul Asim Farooq4, Aayesha Riaz1, Muhammad Kamran1 and Saif ur Rehman

...ened revealed three tick genera and six tick species: Rhipicephalus microplus, Rhipicephalus decoloratus, Rhipicephalus annulatus, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum and Haemaphysalis punctata. Of those four species were confirmed on morphological basis, two ticks species Rhipicephalus microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum whose morphological feature were overlapping with other identified species, were confirmed through molecu...

Nabaa Fadhil Abbas*, Raffal A. Omar

...ration of turnover and regeneration of epidermal cells to normal levels. The study concluded that tramadol and remifentanil with epinephrine impede burn wound healing in rabbits, highlighting the need for caution in their use.
 
Keywords | Lidocaine, Remifentanil, Tramadol, Wound healing, Rabbits, Adjuvants
...

Habibeh Jabbari

...tions. ITS-RFLP profiles generated by 16 different restriction enzymes did not differentiate the populations, too. In phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of 28S rDNA D2-D3, a clade clustering the four populations of cabbage cyst nematode was formed along with the sequences of H. cruciferae populations deposited in NCBI. These results showed morphometrical, morphological and molecular characters of under study populations are same and the host is the onl...

Mubashar Hussain*, Takhmina Nazir and Muhammad Faheem Malik

...species representing six genera, three tribes and three subfamilies. The results showed that maximum number of species belong to genus Epilachna (five species) and Coccinella (four species) which make them most diverse genera. Coccinella septempunctata (16.40%) was the most dominant species followed by Coccinella undecimpunctata (12.83%) whereas Epilachna varivestis (1.61%) was the least abundant species. The results of dive...
Mouhamed Zakiou Kolawole Adissa Raimi1, Ghulam Hussain2, Nousheen Zafeer3, Faheem Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan4, Anwar Ullah1, Imdad Kaleem1 and Asghar Shabbir1*
Qun Lu1,4, Yang Zhou1, Hangyu Lin1,4, Zhong tang He1, Feifan Ma1, Yonghua Zheng1,2, Hongyu Tang1,2 and Tao He1,2,3*
...h belonging to different genera of the same family. This research could also provide data reference for the study of the migration route between Sc. grahami and Sp. sinensis.

...

Ali Hassan1, Javaria Ashraf1*, Salman Wahid1, Kamran Alyas1, Samaria Nisar1, Sadia Kanwal2, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Amna Bibi2 and Rameen Nawaz3

...r strength, the ratio of general combining ability (GCA) variance to specific combining ability (SCA) variance (2 GCA/2 SCA) indicated the prevalence of non-additive gene action. In addition, lines FH-152, CIM-632 and BS-20 showed a strong GCA impact for majority of the studied traits. Significant GCA effects were seen among the testers for most of the qualities in NIAB-5. Further, the hybrids FH-152 ×  NIAB-5 and CIM-632 × NIAB-5 displayed st...

Muhammad Usman1, Majid S. Hashmi1, Ayaz Ahmad1*, Fawad Ahmad2 and Zahid Alam1

...t to health of consumers generally and diabetes patients particularly. Moreover, some low-calorie products did not meet sensory preferences of consumers. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate the quality and acceptability of a low-caloric orange drink by incorporating various concentrations of stevia powder and storing it within a temperature range of 20±0.4°C. The investigated treatments included: Orange Drink (OD)0 (Juice: 15%, Sugar:...

Marah Salim Hameed1, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy2*

... tubules with vacuolar degeneration surrounding proximal and distal convoluted tubules and tubule necrosis with dilation and vacuolar degeneration of proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Nitro blue tetrazolium activity for monocytes and macrophages do not correlate with blood urea and creatinine concentrations. Vitamin E -sodium selenite and vitamin C have important role in enhancement for renal functional activity and cl...

Hayder S. Rwayyih*, Tahani S.S. Al-Azawi

...myocardial endothelial degeneration and congested blood vessels. The aorta of these groups has enlargement and thickening of endothelial cells with infiltration of fatty cells in tunica intimae (The structure of intima changes in postmenopausal and it becomes multilayered due to migration of smooth muscle cells from the media to intima). In conclusions, the result of the current study could prove that Alpha lipoic acid has a protection on cardiovascular system...

Abdelghafour El-Hamzaoui*, Mouloud Lamtai, Laila Ibouzine‑Dine, Sofia Azirar, Mohamed Yassine El-Brouzi, Ayoub Rezqaoui, Aboubaker El-Hessni, Abdelhalem Mesfioui

...he development of neurodegenerative disorders. These compounds are also suspected of being involved in the induction of affective disorders. The present study was undertaken to examine the dose-dependent impact of GBH exposure over 8-week period on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in male Wistar rats, administering daily subcutaneous injections of four different doses 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg of GBH while a control group received 0.9% NaCl. Based on beh...

Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Masood Rabbani1*, Sohail Raza1, Ali Raza Awan2, Aleena Kokab1, and Rida Haroon Durrani1

...superior immune response generation. The findings of this study revealed that the highly attenuated B. abortus ΔpurD mutant can be used effectively as a potential live attenuated vaccine candidate for the control of bovine brucellosis both in local and international settings.

...

Noura K. Al-Suwailem1, Nancy N. Kamel2, Ahmed O. Abbas1,3*, Farid S. Nassar1,3 , Dalia A.A. Elsayed4, Gouda F. Gouda1,5, Hosam M. Safaa6

...tress, which affects the general metabolism of heat-stressed birds and impairs carcass yield and meat quality. We investigated the impact of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) supplementation in heat-stressed (HS) broilers on their blood metabolites, antioxidant bio-indicators, carcass yield, and meat quality. We used three hundred one-day-old Cobb chickens and were randomly divided into three groups, each with five replicates of 20 birds. The thermoneutral cont...

Faisal Ali1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Iqtidar Hussain1, Ghazanfar Ullah1, Atiq Ahmad Ali Zai2, Moneeza Abass3, Zuhair Hasnain4* and Sara Zafar5*

...le the sugar and ethanol generating parameters performed best with NPK @ 100:80:60: kg ha’’. 

...

Muhammad Ayyub, Mitha Khan*, Syed Abdul Malik, Sakhawat Ali, Syed Shamsullah, Mujeeb ur Rehman, Ikhlaq Ahmed, Ameer Uddin, Habibullah Kakar, Mohammad Zahid, Khalil Ahmed, Mana Khan, Mukhtiar Ahmed, Muhammad Rafiq Khetran, Zia ul Haq and Muhammad Azam

... determine heritability, general combing ability (GCA) and specific combing ability (SCA) during (Rabi Season 2018-19) at Directorate of Oilseed Crops, ARI Sariab, Quetta, Balochistan. The research trial was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with three repeats. The results from analysis of variance exhibits significant differences at (p<0.001 and 0.005) for all studied parameters. In hybrids, Benazir×Raskoo had the highest average ...

Naveed Akhtar, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Aamir Ali

...resenting 21 species, 16 genera, and 3 subfamilies were identified based on diagnostic morphological characteristics. The sub family Coccinellinae (Latreille, 1807) was the most dominant, constituting 94.72% of the total catch. Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) was the most abundant species (21.09%), followed by Coccinella undecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) (17.45%), and Cheilomenus sexmaculata (Fabricius, 1781). The study used various indices to estima...

Jinzhao Li1, Yawen Zhang2, Binghan Jia1, Yuqiong Zhao1, Huijuan Luo1, Xiaojie Ren1, Yuan Li3, Xiaoyan Bai1, Jing Ye3 and Junping Li1*

...The rat model of OIC was generated by intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of loperamide hydrochloride (Lop; 5mg/kg), and was evaluated by examining the fecal properties, intestinal propulsion mobility, immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB) and ELISA for detecting levels of Tau, P-Ser396-tau, P-Ser404-tau, protein kinase C (PKC), p38 MAPK (p38), p-p38 MAPK (p-p38) and µ-opioid receptors (MORs) in the colonic samples. The gene sequencing approach was u...

Arif Mehmood1*, Muhammad Naeem2, Abu Bakkar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Ikram ul Haq1 and Waqas Raza1

...pecies belonging to five genera were collected, which were deposited in the Biosystematics Laboratory of Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi. Results show that Park, Forest area, and scrapyard were the most abundant habitats respectively, while the least abundant habitat was crop area. Parks were found to be the richest habitat, while graveyards were the least rich habitat. 

...

Ali Hazrat1*, Qasir Ali2, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1

...l of 27 moss species (20 genera, 14 families), 16 liverwort species comprising 13
genera and 8 families were recorded. Whereas, hornworts were represented by only two
species from the target area. Sheringal valley has a more typical tropical bryoflora, fewer
thallose liverworts and moss taxa were also found. A richer habitat variety including dry
and wet habitats, as well as it...

Ali Hazrat1

...ollected belonging to 15 genera from different localities of the selected area, in which the highest number of seven plant species belonged to genus Prunus, five to genus Rosa, three to genus Potentilla, two to each genus Cotoneaster, Rubus and Pyrus and one to each genus Crataegus, Eriobotrya, Fragaria, Malus, Sibbaldia, Sorbus, Sorbaria and Spiraea. It was concluded that members of the selected family need devotion not only for its cultivation, but emphasis ...

Farrukh Hussain1, Sajid Aziz1, Gul Hassan2, Khalid Aziz1 and Sapna Raisham1

...ies distributed among 42 genera and 23 families in the area. Dryopteris fragrans was the only pterodophyte. There were 2 families, 6 genera and 9 species of monocots. Dicots had 35 genera, 46 species and 20 families. Based on the floristic and FIV data Poaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cyperaceae, Papilionaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Lamiaceae emerged as the important families. The phytosocio...

Syed Awais Hussain Shah1*and Rizwan Ali2 2

...species which belongs 54 genera and29 families, among the reported families Lamiaceae and Fabaceae were dominant families having six species each, followed by Asteraceae with five species. These plants are utilized by habitants from centuries as Ethnomedicine against various diseases like cough, cold, malaria, fever, stomach disorders, mouth and throat sour etc. This research provides a lot of Ethnomedicinal knowledge which depicts men’s interaction with...

Arshad Javaid, Amna Ali, Iqra Haider Khan and Amna Shoaib

...ng its concentration. In general, S. rolfsii increased phenolic
content, and activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT) and
peroxidase (POX), which were gradually reduced with increasing concentration of DBC. This
study concluded that application of 3% DBC improve resistance of chickpea var. Bakhar-
2011 to S. rolfsii and increase crop growth and yield.
...

Iqra Haider Khan1 and *Arshad Javaid1

...cinally important plant, generally grows as a weed in waste lands in Punjab, Pakistan. In the present study, antifungal effect of leaf extract of this weed was assessed against Aspergillus flavipes. Methanolic leaf extract of the weed was partitioned into five fractions using organic solvents of variable polarities. A range of concentrations (1.562 to 200 mg mL-1) of each fraction was used in laboratory bioassays. n-Butanol fraction showed the highest antifung...

Haroon Khan1*, M. Mubassir Khan1, Bakhitar Gul1, M. Fawad1 and Imtiaz Khan1

...s and 2 monocots) and 36 genera were identified. The major monocot family Poaceae contributed 10 species while among dicots, Asteraceae took the lead with 6 species. Among the weed species, 27 were annual and the rest 12 were perennial. Annuals were reported from all three sites, while perennials were found in the non-field area i.e. irrigation canals, field ridges, orchards, and undisturbed waste areas. Data regarding absolute and relative density, frequency ...

Maqsood Anwar1, Naveed Akhtar1*, Shah Khalid1 and Hassan Zeb2

...ed in 15 families and 27 genera were reported from the selected maize fields of the study area. Out of 15 families, twevel (12) were dicots having (17 genera and 18 species) and three (3) were monocots having (10 genera and 10 species). Poaceae was dominant family with eight (8 species). Amaranthaceae has five (5 spp.) followed by Aizoaceae and Convolvulaceae 2 species each. The remaining ...
Imtiaz Khan,1 Muhammad Kabir, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Haroon Khan, Saima
Hashim and Muhammad Azim Khan
...
results. As general understandings various weeds were managed significantly through tank
mixed herbicide applications with a ratio of 60-72% for broad leaf and grassy weeds
respectively. Consequently the instant results provided 54% increased yield compared to
the untreated treatments. Hence it is concluded that, line sowing in combination with tank
mixed herbicides are more suitable for management o...
Kamran Ahmed Pathan1 , Waheed Ali Panhwar1,*, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, Safdar Ali
Ujan1, Javed Ahmed Ujan1, Khadim Hussain Memon1, Irfan Ahmed Pathan1 and
Shabana Mangi1
...cies and six
genera. The species Batocera rubus (Linnaeus, 1758), Batocera rufomaculata (De Geer,
1775), Apriona cinerea (Chevrolat, 1852), Prionus corpulantus (Bates, 1878) and
Macrotoma crenata (Fabricius, 1801), were recorded as new record from Sindh Province.
While Archopalus exoticus (Sharp, 1905), Dorysthenes hugelii (Redtenbacher, 1848) were
reported first time from Pakistan. Additionally, the ...

Iqra Haider Khan1, *Arshad Javaid1 and Nadeem Shad1

...spergillus versicolor is generally found on food products and produces
sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic and hepatotoxic mycotoxin. This study reports the
usefulness of polar and non-polar fractions of methanolic extract of hemp (Cannabis sativa
L.) leaves against A. versicolor. Dried leaves of hemp were soaked in methanol for two
weeks. The material was filtered and the methanol was evaporated on a rotary evapora...
Ali Bouzekri1,2*, Souheila Slimani1,2, Meryem Nassar1,2, Souad Zaaboub3 and Nora Sakhraoui1
...investigation revealed degenerative changes in testes and gonad damage in the SPT group. However, TT reduced the damage induced by SPT. In conclusion, TT could be beneficial in preventing SPT reproductive toxicity and improving sex hormone synthesis.

...

Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi1*, Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1, Mona M.S. Zayed3, Entesar H. Taha2 and Nora R.A. Saleh1

...a L.) were evaluated. In general, the combined treatments by AMF and Pf isolates decreased significantly (P≤0.05) root-knot nematode as indicated by numbers of egg masses, eggs and galls per root system more than single treatments. Co-toxicity% for the two applied combined treatments of each bacterial isolate+ AMF, added at the same time with nematode (Ne) or added at 7 days before Ne inoculation, showed additive or synergistic interaction effects. The test...

M. Daud AK1,2*, Mahdi Abrar2*, Teuku Reza Ferasyi3,4, Harapan Harapan5,6,7,8

...on and implementation of general control measures in highly susceptible communities, to effectively manage the spread of FMD during outbreaks. Additionally, selecting the appropriate timing and approach for conducting control efforts and preventative measures is beneficial in addressing future outbreaks of FMD and other recurring diseases. 
 
Keywords | Foot and mouth disease, Geographic information system, Cloven-hoofed anima...

Salim Saifullah, Muhammad Ilyas, Bashir Ullah and Sanam Zarif Satti*

.... It is modulating the regeneration of antioxidants, hormone biosynthesis, and photosynthesis. This study includes the collection of Rosa brunonii rosehips from various locations in Murree Hills and the quantification of vitamin C in these samples. The average weight of rosehips varied from 4.54 to 7.92 g. Rosehips collected from Lower Topa (LT) showed the highest weight with a mean value of 7.92 g, followed by rosehips collected from Danoi (DA) (7.25 g). The ...

Amir Afzal1*, Sairah Syed1, Hafiz Husnain Nawaz2, Ruqeah Mustafa1, Marjan Aziz1, Madeeha Khan1, Azra Khan3, Uzma Javed1, Attiq Ur Rehman4, Rubab Altaf 5 and Qamar Shakil6

...molecular techniques has generated valuable data for understanding populations virulence of Pst.

...

Li Min1, Yong Chen2, Shunying Wu3, Xuefei Zheng1 and Mucheng Xu1*

...compare the repair and regeneration ability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in young and adult rats after inflammatory stimulation. For this study, 15 young rats and 15 adult rats were selected, and juvenile dental pulp stem cells (JDPSCs) of young rats and adult dental pulp stem cells (ADPSCs) were isolated respectively. The JDPSCsof young rats were divided into groups A and B, respectively at 0 μ m/m and 1 μ of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. The ...

Sheng Zhang, Rui Qiu, Zhiping Lv, Liying Yang and Wei He*

...age. Participants’ general data are collected and analyzed. EphA2 expression and PRMT1 expression in blood samples are determined by ELISA, and EphA2 protein and PRMT1 protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples are determined by western blotting, and then EphA2 mRNA and PRMT1 mRNA in BALF samples are determined by RT-PCR. The EphA2 expression and PRMT1 expression in experimental group were found clearly higher than those in the control. It ap...

Aftab Khan*, Yasir Khan and Saleem Iqbal 

...blurred image by firstly generating multiple deblurring results through a restoration filter and onwards combining them. Consequently, image fusion produces a single high-quality deblurred image relinquishing the parameter tuning process and making deblurring independent of the restoration filter variability. Simulations were performed on various image datasets, including tests of different blur types and restoration filters. Both naturally blurred and artific...

Muddasir Khan1, Siraj-Ud-Din1, Muhammad Farooq2* and Sanam Zarif2

..., were recorded. Maximum genera and species were in case of Lamiaceae i.e 9 genera being (9.782%) and 11 species (9.734%) of the total genera and species followed by Asteraceae comprising 8 genera (8.695 %) and 10 species (8.849 % followed by Papilionaceae comprising 6 genera (6.521%) and 7 species (6.194 %). It was ag...
Muhammad Umair1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
...f the study farmers were generally supportive of intercropping and border cropping. Most farmers regarded agroforestry systems as most beneficial due to their ability to protect surrounding crops from dust storms. Age, education level, and distance from the farm to the market were significant factors in determining agroforestry adoption. In contrast, farmers who are older, less educated, and whose properties are located closer to markets were less likely to pl...
Afra Siab1, Saif Ullah Khan1, Anwar Ali1, Nowsherwan Zarif1, Basheer Ahmad1, Salman Ahmad1
...r and provide shade, and generate income. The study was conducted in District Bannu. For the comprehensive study of agroforestry both primary and secondary data were obtained. Major portion of secondary data was obtained from Census Report (2017) of district Bannu. Primary data were collected by a well-designed questionnaire, which was developed by keeping in view of the purpose of study. For this purpose, both close-ended and open-ended questions were prepare...
Khush Bakht Arooj1, Muhammad Salman2 and Naveed Ahmed3
...il and District Bannu. A general survey was also conducted to know about the bee flora for pollen and nectar sources plants in district Bannu. The purposive random sampling method was used. During this study it was found that majority of the respondents belong to age class 21-35 (52%) followed by age class 36-50 (32%) and the least number of respondents belong to age class 51-65 (16%). It was concluded that average production in the study area is 5-7 kg/10 hiv...
Pervez Manan1, Farhat Jabeen1 and Ahmad Zamir2
...h potential for REDD+ as generally the growth rate in these stages is fast and they can sequester a large quantity of carbon dioxide. The findings of the study will be helpful in preparation of forest management plans and in developing REDD+ projects. ...
Muhammad Yousaf Khan and Pervez Manan
... industry of Pakistan in general and that of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in particular.

The study recommends organization and reorganization of the local communities and their capacity building on marketing and value chain management of eucalyptus in order to maximize economic benefits from these plantations. The study also recommends establishment of composite wood and paper industry in Malakand as plenty of raw material is available in shape of Eucalyptus trees...

Anwar Ali1, Saz Muhammad2, Zakir Hussain3, Khadim Abbas4 and Kiramat Husain5
...f the mother trees and regeneration of the forests....
Inam Ullah, Zahid Ahmad, Syed Hasnain Abbas and Kaleem Shah
...ourage the evolvement of general public/communities in the protection, management, processing and marketing of Mazri Palm resource....
Anwar Ali1, Muhammad Ismail2 and Kiramat Husain3
...he study noted lack of regeneration in most of the forest areas due to open grazing....
Mubashir Jamil Khan1, Asad Abbas Khan2, Amir Saleem1, Lateef M. A.1, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Mushtaq2, Abdul Ghaffoor2 Amna Btool1 and Arsalan Ali Khan1
Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Anwar Panezai and Ashif Sajjad
...er and also damage the regeneration within the area.

Key Words: Degradation of Forest, Sherani District, Socioeconomic Factors.

...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
.... The findings conformed generally to other studies on the species. ...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
.... The findings conformed generally to other studies on the species....
Muhammad Tahir Laeeq and Maqbool Hassan
... About 66% of population generates annual income up to Rs.5000 from Mazri products.

...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
.... The findings conformed generally to other studies on the species. ...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan
...e 70% of the total power generated in the country contrary to 1980, when the generation ratio was 80% hydel and 20% thermal. Thermal power, drains foreign exchange for purchase of fuel as at present the consumption of furnace oil alone is 35,000 Matric Tons per day in addition to natural Gas and other hydrocarbons. The result is reflected in shape of Gas and electricity load shedding apart from environmental hazards. Combust...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim and Sohail Sikander
...ry health care....
Muhammad Yousaf Khan, Ayaz Khan and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...nute variations exist in general in average values of different anatomical features in Masquite wood grown in both areas. In Masquite wood grown in Punjab, the fibers are fairly longer and thick-walled, the wood rays are smaller in size and lower in frequency and the vessels are larger in diameter. The wood may be relatively better in strength, less non-durable and easier to season and preserve than that of grown in Sindh. ...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Muhammad Muslim
...ket potential and income generation activities for rural communities. The area falls under scrub forests and subtropical Chir pine forests. Inhabitants are holding small land and cultivating maize and millet crops. In Mirpur district visited Jaricus, Subchack, Nagi playan, Khari-sharif and Chachian-Chohan (grave yard) near Khari-sharif. These areas were dominated by Prosopis juliflora, and scattered plants of Zizyphus mauritiana, Acacia nilotica, Cap...
Tariq Mahmood and Zulfiqar Ali
...not only for the present generation but by the generations to come. This can only be achieved through integrated watershed management and the active participation of local communities. This is a holistic approach, by now generally accepted as the best one and gaining popularity all over the world including Pakistan. The article addresses the same issue and emphasizes that participatory wat...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Hussain Bux Bhaagat
...Jamrow and Nara canal. A general survey of the area was conducted in the month of January 2006 and direct (field observation) and indirect (meeting with communities and wildlife staff) observation methods were used.

These lakes support a good population of waterfowls, Marsh crocodiles, otters and fish stock. About 1% of global population of globally threatened duck specie i.e. Marbled teal (Marmaronetta angustisvostris) breed in these lakes i...

Enefiok S. Udo1, Opeyemi Olajide1 and Eyo A. Udoh2
...s, Plants, Rainforest, Regeneration, Sustainable Management, Ukpom Community.

...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...rness within and between generations. It is increasing poverty directly in forest dependent communities by depriving them from their livelihoods. A great number of species are facing extinction due to deforestation. Based on these findings it is suggested that sustainable forest resource management may be resumed to keep the forest ecosystems viable and their socio-economic services intact.

Key words: llegal logging, multiple uses, biodiversity, environm...

Akhlaq Ahmad Khan
...sterious malady that is generally known as Sisham Die-back. This tree is the main species in the irrigated agriculture fields of Punjab as well. The problem is serious enough to have caused deliberations in three Seminars arranged by the Punjab Forestry Research Institute of the Punjab Forest Department at national level during the years 2001, 2004 and 2006. Various views have been extended about the cause of such high and abnormal mortality by experts of di...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad and Iftekhar Ahmed
... of huts for effective regeneration and development of mangrove vegetation.

...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...ls the principle of intergenerational justice into question. The newly emerging climate scenario predicts multifaceted effects on vegetative and reproductive growth of plants, and depending habitat characteristics. In addition to biologists and ecologists, this study provides guidelines to policy makers for adaptation of mitigation measures.

Key words: Climate change, temperature, rainfall, evaporation, wind

...
Malik Mahboob ur Rehman1, Muhammad Rafiq2, Amjad Ali Ch.3, Tariq Mahmood4, Javaid Ahsan5 and Shahzad Fazal6
Muhammad Afzal, Amjad Ali Ch., Javaid Ahsan, Shahzad Fazal and Saima Tabassum
Asad Ullah, Abdur Rashid and Sher Aman
...en families and nineteen genera viz. Abies pindrow, Acer caesium, Aesculus indica, Betula utilis, Cedrus deodara, Corylus colurna, Crataegus songarica, Ficus carica, Juglans regia, Malus pumila, Morus alba, Picea smithiana, Pinus wallichiana, Populus alba, Punica granatum, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus domestica, Pyrus communis, Quercus baloot, Salix turanica were recorded. Among these 19(95%) were utilized as Timber, 18(90%) Fuel wood, 13(65%) Medicinal, 12...
Abdul Hameed Khan1, Bashir Ahmed Wani2, Hakim Shah3 and Basar Ali4
...II land, having moderate general potential in which about 29 hectares (1.7 %) are under irrigated farming and the remaining about 440 hectares (25.9 %) are used mainly for dry farming. About 436 hectares (25.7 %) of the land is consisting of class IV (poor) dry farmed cum forest/range land. In the non-arable remaining part of the study area, about 144 hectares (8.5 %) comprises as class V (good) forest cum poor dry farmed/grazing land and about 99 hectar...
Mohammad Athar and Syed Mahmood Nasir
...pecies belonging to nine genera distributed in seven families of angiosperms. Olives (Family Oleaceae) were the preferred host of the olive fruit fly. Family Rosaceae has nine tree species followed by Rutaceae (five tree species) as host of olive fruit fly. Other host tree species were distributed in Anacardiaceae, Fabaceae, Lythraceae and Malpigiaceae. Mostly these hosts comprised of the fruit trees with the exception of Brazilian pepper tree, carob, crape my...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...ength and wall thickness generally increased from pith to bark. The fiber diameter increased progressively upto a distance of 5cm from pith after that it decreased somewhat or remained more or less constant. The vessel diameter was found to increase up to 4cm distance from the pith, reaching to its maximum value beyond that it fluctuated minutely. The frequency of vessels decreased from pith to outward whereas, the frequency of wood rays increased except near ...
Mohammad Iqbal Swati
...oirs, reduced hydropower generation, devastation floods, desertification, decline in agriculture productivity, loss of biodiversity and increase in environmental pollution. Reduced supply of irrigation water coupled with inadequate ground water recharge in dry and semi-arid regions is threatening agriculture productions and food security of Pakistan.

...
M. Al-Amin and M. Alamgir
...position and status of regeneration in a proposed biodiversity conservation area (Bamerchara and Danerchara) Chittagong, Bangladesh. A stratified random quadrat method was used to study the regeneration status. Total 143 seedlings and saplings of 39 species under 18 families were recorded in the sampled area Moraceae is the dominant family having 5 species followed by Anacardiaceae, Euphorbieaceae, Myrtaceae, Mimosaceae, Com...
Hassan Sher, Midrarullah, A. U. Khan, Z. U. Khan, Farrukh Hussain and Siraj Ahmad
...aled 78 species under 37 genera belonging to 47 families, of which 68 plant were dicotyledons, 6 monocotyledons, 1 gymnosperm, 2 pteriodophytes and 1 fungus. The largest family was Lamiaceae (9 species) followed by Asteraceae, Poaceae (each with 5 species), and Rosaceae (4 species). The family Apiaceae, Asclepidaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophylaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Oleaceae, Papilionaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, and Uriticeae were r...
Muhammad Arif Chaudhary and Ejaz Ahmed
...n 40% of the Russulaceae genera are found growing on the ground followed by 31.5%-on conifers, 18.8% on broad-leaved and less than 6% on the unknown hosts. These are collected from the mountainous tract of AJK (62.5%), NWFP (25%) and Punjab (6.2% each). The collection season is altogether (100%) after monsoon. A great variation from less than 1.2 cm to 9.0 cm in plant height and cap width variation of less than 1.2 cm to 9.2 cm is also. A great variation of co...
Kanwar Muhammad Suleman, Muhammad Tahir Laeeq, Nasreen Fatima Rao and Altaf Hussain
... reclamation, employment generation, import substitution and environmental protection will also accrue from afforestation of saline and waterlogged areas with eucalyptus....
Mohammad Ayaz
...be modified locally, but generally high heat and dryness prevail throughout the plains, The forest area in Pakistan is 4.224 million ha (Ashfaque et al., 2000) forming only 4.8% of the total land area of 87.98 million ha. This forest area is recognized into nine major forest types/biomes, depending upon distribution and species composition. However, this much forest is far less in consideration to national economic and ecological needs. Forests suffer f...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Umeed Khalid
...In order to confirm this general survey of Agricultural fields around Pakistan Forest Institute, Agriculture University, Peshawar and village Serdheri (Charsadda) was conducted in the month of April-May 1998. 1x1 m3 quadrate sample was taken after every 10 m length and 2 m inside the plots with plots without trees, plot having trees on one side, trees in the whole field and trees in whole field with barbed wire/fence. The damage was observed in the ...
Syed Zainul Arifeen
... storage and electricity generation is decreasing rapidly. Keeping in view this critical situation, the Government has initiated schemes to control degradation of watersheds through afforestation and other technical soil conservation measures. The paper also reviews the research work and experimental trials conducted by the Pakistan Forest Institute with the aim to select the most suitable and effective measures for erosion control.

To achieve sustainab...

Muhammad Naqash, Anwar Ali, Ahmad Hussain, Mamoona Wali Muhammad, Ahmad Zamir, Ikram Ul Haq
...pe of species, natural regeneration, the density of pits, and number of seed bearers, soil, survival rate and occurrence of any disturbances was collected. The results showed that the pit density was 1261 pits per hectare, while the average number of plants regenerated per hectare is estimated to be 136, some of which were coming out of natural regeneration besides plantations. The average...
Mohammad Nabi and Muhammad Ullah
...in the current natural regeneration status of Dodonaea viscosa, and correlate its regeneration intensity with respect to slope, aspect and fuel wood collection area, and to find out the total number of sapling in Malakand Forest division of Dodonaea viscosa.

Presently 55.83% regeneration represents 'Poor regeneration' 25.83% shows '...
Ayaz Khan Marwat, Anwar Ali and Saz Muhammad
...atersheds protection and generation of revenue for the state and local right holders. Single tree selection system is the most appropriate sivicultural system for managing the Himalayan moist temperate forests. If properly practiced, single tree selection system can protect the steep slopes from erosion and produce timber and other forest products on sustainable basis. Single tree selection system can be safely applied in the forests where REDD+ projects are i...
Anwar Ali, Muhmmad Ayaz, Saz Muhammad
...Guzara forests. A poor regeneration condition was recorded in the forest area of Kaghan. There were 332 plants per ha in the forest area. Reserved forests have significantly higher number of regeneration than Guzara Forests. It was astonishing to know that the highest number of regeneration was recorded for Fir which was 43%, followed by Kail as 27%, deodar 14%, Spruce 12% and Taxus wa...
Maria Mussarat, Amanullah Bhatti and Mehmood Elahi
...tares, respectively. The general slope of the study area was 10-80% of which 10-30% was slope of the terraced area and 50-80% was slope of the forested/pasture lands. Major causes of erosion in the study area were poor land and crop management, slope gradient, accelerated erosion near villages, erodibility of soils, low stream bank stability and heavy concentrated rains. All the above causes and features have been mapped using 1:50,000 scale....
Kh. Rizwan Shehzad, Z. H. Malik and Rizwana Aleem Qureshi
... it was high. Soils were generally loamy, sandy loamy to clayey loamy type with pH varying from 7.0 to 7.6 organic matter 0.8 to 1.6%, Potassium 70.4 ppm to a 99.1 ppm and Phosphorous 5.46 ppm to 14.97 ppm. The communities reflect highly deteriorated condition....
Babar Sohail and Kanwar Muhammad Suleman
...ich is a handsome amount generated from about 55 acres during the last 8 years. More than 74 percent farmers reported negative effects of shade of Eucalyptus trees on wheat production while only 6% farmers who belonged to waterlogged areas reported positive effects of Eucalyptus on wheat production. Although Eucalyptus have allelopathic effects on agriculture crops but economic losses due to raising of Eucalyptus were proved baseless. According to this study, ...
Mahmood Hossain and Saberi Otham
...ging to 8 families which generally decreased in the interior of the forest area. Only 4 important tree species viz. Amoora cucullata, Cynometra ramiflora, Ecoecaria agallocha and Heritiera fomes were found in the interior of the area. Heritiera fomes had highest density out of these, 2914 trees per ha which was associated with Excoecaria agallocha and Amoora cucullata....
G. A. Bajwa, H. Gul and G. N. Panhwer
...7 days. There were seven generations in a year with an average life cycle of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th , 6th and 7th generation was 32.5, 27,5, 26,5, 23.0, 27.5, 37.5, and 44 days in April - May, May - June, June - July, July - August, August - September, September - October and November - March, respectively. The pest hibernated in larval as well as pupal stages during December - February at 13.85 ± 3°C (maximum), 4...
Muhammad Ibrar Shinwari and Mir Ajab Khan
...species, belonging to 29 genera and 24 families of wild tree and shrubs, were found to be commonly used as fuelwood in Margalla Hills National Park by the people. Acacia modesta Wall., A. nilotica (L.) Delile, Buxus papillosa C.K. Schneid. and Dodonaea viscose (L.) Jacq. Were found to be under high fuelwood pressure. Issues were discussed and conclusions made to improve the situation....
Shad K. Khalil and John G. Mexal
...otosynthates to the sink generated by mycorrhizal growth. Strong mycorrhizal demand for photosynthates stimulates photosynthesis to the mycorrhizal fungi....
G. A. Bajwa and Hanif Gul
...o February. Six to seven generations were found in a year....
Md. Serajuddoula, A. S. Khan, M. R. Islam and M. A. H. Shahjalal
...viz. site suitability, regeneration for second rotation crop and insect infestation under present management system. Considering the sustainability of the existing plantation, research on mesophytic trees has been carried out. Eleven commercially important mesophytic trees species were tried in two locations (Rangabali and Kukri-mukri). The data on survival, height and diameter was recorded and statistically analyzed. Out of eleven species jhaw (Casuarina e...
G. A. Bajwa, R. Kehr and G. Zimmermann
...gence of adults in next generation. Population in next generation was reduced in the order, B. bassiana (46.9%), M. anisopliae (15.1%) and P. fomusoroseus (1.4%)....
K. M. Siddiqui
... Although, some salinity generally occurs in arid and semi-arid regions of the country because of low precipitation, high temperatures and high rate of evaporation in them, still, most of the soil degradation, including salinity and waterlogging have occurred in these regions due to removal of natural vegetation of dry tropical thorn forests and disturbance of natural ecosystem and drainage in the first instance which was subsequently extended by faulty irriga...
Udo Schickhoff Dr.
...heavily dependent on the general socio-economic conditions. Until the beginning of the nineteenth century the Kaghan Valley was very thinly populated. Substantial changes in the distribution of forests and agricultural lands occurred in the first two decades of British rule from 1847 to 1867. The protective influence of the Forest Department, founded in 1864, considerably slowed down these transformation processes. Up to the turn of the century the sce...
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
...on aucheri seedlings generally had greater, but not significantly greater, tiller and leaf development and shoot biomass than Cymbopogon jwarancusa seedlings. Chrysopogon aucheri seedlings had greater total numbers, total lengths, and biomass of primary, seminal, and adventitious roots than Cymbopogon jwarancusa seedlings. Both species showed evidence of sub-coleoptile internode elongation and sub-coleoptile internode r...
K. M. Siddiqui
...nt, effect of forests on general climate was also considered to be important. The local people living in the vicinity of forests however, hardly mattered in forest management and they were excluded from areas demarcated as state forests. This produced conflict between local people and forestry departments over the use of forest resources which continues till to-date and has been the main cause of forest depletion in the developing countries over the...
Raza-ul-Haq
...roclimate and natural regeneration of Abies pindrow in the moist temperate forests of Pakistan at Kund. It has been concluded that tree and vegetative cover from Viburnm and Tree plus viburnm greatly affects the PAR levels reaching seedlings. Under these conditions, the quantity of PAR reaching at seedlings height was reduced to 2-4% of total PAR received in the open conditions. After seeds germinate, mortality rates of 1 to 3 year old seedling...
Shakeel Haider Zaidi, Anwar Ahmad Khan and Muhammad Muslim
...s. In order to develop regeneration techniques of the plant for its conservation experiments on regeneration and cultural studies were conducted for 3 consecutive years in its natural habitat. Standardized techniques of raising seedlings from seeds or by root-stock were developed. The plant was successfully regenerated in its natural habitat. Suitable spacing for planting and approp...
Raza-ul-Haq
...seed affecting natural regeneration of Abies pindrow in the moist temperate forests of Pakistan. Seed production from mature and over- mature tree crops (150-200 years old) is numerically adequate (upto 136 seeds /m2) in some years. However, the amount of viable seeds does not exceed 15% (20 seeds per m2). Seed production in 1987 at Kund was seven times higher then in 1988. No seed was produced in 1989, indicating that a 2 ...
Rafique Ahmad Dr. and Nasreen Muzaffar Dr.
Fazal Said Khan
...od based industries and generate US$ 2 million income and contribute to the economic up lift of the area. The study also showed significant differences of tree growing among owner ship categories at tehsil as well as district level....
K. M. Siddiqui
...nt, effect of forests on general climate was also considered to be important. The local people living in the vicinity of forests however, hardly mattered in forest management and they were excluded from areas demarcated as state forests. This produced conflict between local people and forestry departments over the use of forest resources which continues till todate and has been the main cause of forest depletion in the developing countries over th...
Iqbal Mohammad and John Sessions Prof. Dr.
...low quality dirt roads (generally known as Guttoo roads) involving rehandling of logs at a transfer yard (transit depot). An improved timber transportation method using permanent forest rods and 2 x 4 turbo-charged (common wooden-bodied) straight trucks with trailer is proposed. The best combination of temporary and permanent roads is suggested as a fixed and variable cost network problem....
K. M. Siddiqui
... provincial governments generally allocate 1 to 1.5% of their annual development funds to this Rector which is very small. Similarly, the share of forestry sector in all five year plans has usually been half percent and only half of which was actually released during plans' period for developmental purposes. Presently, forests provide Rs. 1550 millions as revenue to provincial governments which is much more than total expenditure on forestry develo...
M. N. Ashiq
...d out conducted for 7-9 generation for the evolution of pure lines of silkworm from four hybrid populations imported from China. Two external morphological characters as the color and pattern of the larvae and shape of cocoon were taken into consideration for purification of the lines. With this method six pure lines, four of Chinese origin and two of Japanese origin, were evolved. All these lines were stable and bred true for the two characters. They...
*Nasir M. But, **Noor Mohammad, *Sartaj and *M. I. Sultani
...species of six different general were grown in spring 1983 in the forage and pasture experimental area of NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan. All the grass strains were replicated thrice in the plots of 3x4 m size. The grass were harvested at ground level at the end of the growing season during the last week of October,1983 and 1984. The harvested material was sun dried to determine the dry grow Cenchrus ciliaris years results it is recommended to grow <...
Shakeel Haider Zaidi and Anwar Ahmad Khan
...s. In order to develop regeneration technology and its sustained supply, a number of long-term experiments on effect of cultural and fertilizer requirements on growth performance of the plants were under-taken in its natural habitat. Results are presented in this paper....
*Moinuddin Ahmad, **Ehsan Elahi Nagi and **Eugene Liang Min Wang
... soil characteristics. Regeneration was absent. It is concluded that these forests are rapidly degrading due to human disturbance....
P. H. Haydock Wilson and A. R. Beg
... factors of the pine's regenerative ecology appear to dwarf this effect and analysis of variance showed the difference to be non-significant. Mycorrhixal growth intensity on the seedling roots was also assessed at different depths in the soil in each sample plot and an attempt was made to correlate this with soil phenol concentration. Results were inconclusive and lend no support to the hypothesis positing allelopathic suppression of mycorrhiza by pheno...
Mehar Nigar Ashiq, Muhammad Iqbal Ahmad and Raj Muhammad
...line was reared for six generations in succession from April - October in 1987 including the hot months of June, July and August when the room temperature was as high as 30°C and the relative humidity as low as 55%. The line thus evolved can yield several crops of cocoons in a year and is also resistant to silkworm diseases, high temperature and low humidity....
M. Khan and M. Kleine
...tablishment of natural regeneration in many Chir pine forests, especially in those located near highly populated villages. In order to study the effect of proper protection on the growth of Chir pine, a long term experiment was started in the forests of Research and Training Field Station, Shinkiari. This paper presents interim results of the first two year's observations, which give the progress of Chir pine seedling growth. About a10,000 plants per h...
M. Ayaz
...r, respectively. A gattu generally carries an average load o f about 15 logs, with a volume of 6.75 m3 (239.6 cft) under bark. The cost of timber transportation is calculated as Rs. 19.91/m3/km (Re.0.56/cft/km). It was observed that road gradient has considerable effect on transportation cost, which is minimum as Rs. 5.88/m3/km (Re.0.17/cft/km) for an average road gradient of 8%. It is concluded that standard forest road...
Zakaullah
... raised vegetatively. A general practice with the locals is that they use willow cuttings (3.04 to 3.65 m long), obtained from the pollarded trees, for planting. The cut ends provide infection courts for many bacteria and decay fungi....
Nasir M. Butt, Noor Mohammad and Rex D. Pieper
...rved under the canopy. A general trend of decreasing nitrogen with depth was found. Two soil series did not show much difference in nitrogen content. Key words: Phulai, Soil, Nitrogen Fixation, Legumes....
M. I. Sultani, Zafaruddin and Ghulam Akbar
...ht less than 10 feet are generally cultivated for sericulture in many countries like Japan, China, and Korea while in Pakistan major source of mulberry leaves for silk worm rearing is the high trunk mulberry varieties; which are low yielding and deciduous in nature. There is, therefore, scarcity of mulberry leaves in the country and exists a great demand for introduction of dwarf, high yielding and nutritive mulberry varieties for the upkeep of sericulture in...
S. M. Yasin, T. A. Qureshi and S. M. Raza
...ested in this study. In general, for developing strength the adhesives took lesser time than that prescribed by the manufacturers....
Ihsan Illahi and Farrukh Hussain
...A.DC., shows very poor regeneration in subtropical regions of Pakistan. The present study was undertaken to improve its germination under laboratory condition. Non-treated exhibited 26% germination at 20 and 25°C and 54% at 30°C at pH5-7. Seeds treated either alone with warm water, mechanical scarification, or coupled with soaking in water, KNO3, and IAA gave over 90% germination at 20 - 30°C. A 60-80%germination was achieved with acid scar...
M.I. Sheikh, R. W. Hussain and Saliheen Khan
...spectively. ...
M.Ismail Chaudhry and Ashiq Ahmad
... about 30 days and has 9 generations in a year. During severe infestation premature leaf shedding is caused, resulting in a poor and stunted growth of this valuable crop. In insecticidal trials, out of 5 test chemicals Lebayucid 50%proved most effective against larvae at 0.05%level and against pupae at 0.1%level. Ekalux gave 92%kill in 0.05%dose and 100% kill in 0.1%dose....
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Hanif Gul
...cessive and overlapping generations the non-target insects, which do not feed in foliage were absolutely safe from the adverse effect of the chemicals....
Mian Mohammad Muslim
... self crossing for seven generations during 1977 to1983 at Sericulture Research Laboratory, Lahore. The pure strains of Japanese, Chinese and European races separating as a result of their segregation, were picked up on the basis of their respective racial characteristics. The pure lines of Japanese, Chinese and European races, so obtained, were given the following names....
Yasin J. Nasir
...al of 56 families of 112 genera and130 specie are listed as uncommon or rare plants for the area. The maximum numbers of uncommon or rare plants are to be found in the Poaceae (27), followed by Papilionaceae (10) and Orchidaceae (8). Information including the locality, the vernacular name and flowering period, where ever possible, are given for each taxon....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Fazle Subhan
... been doing artificial regeneration in Chir forests by sowing the seed in pits. Due to increasing biotic pressures it became rather difficult to get satisfactory results from this method. Planting of Chir plants in polythene tubes was started in early seventies and it has now been adopted as the standard practice for artificial regeneration in all Chir pine areas of the country....
Mohammad Ayaz
...n deodar containers is generally observed. This difficulty arises due to the presence of oleo-resins in the wood which are volatile at room temperatures and to which it also owes its characteristics odour and durability. The wood is reported to contain 2.5% of oil (1). Once deposited on the metal surface, the oleo-resins of deodar being sticky, are difficult to remove. Therefore, a study was undertaken in the Forest Products Research Division of the Pakista...
Anjum Amin and Raja Mohammad Ashfaque
...ubiquitous presence of regeneration of Acacia modesta in all the habitats least effect of topography and the highest summation values of the regeneration of Acacia modesta, lantana camara, Ehretia obtusifolia, Dodonaea viscosa and Zizyphus nummularia indicates future trend of the vegetation with the probable chances of Olea cuspidate and Sageretia brandrethiana....
M.I. Sheikh and Raza-ul-Haq
...iod of time. It can be regenerated from root suckers, from coppice and by planting root-shoot cuttings. For the last one hundred years the tree has been planted at a conventional spacing of 6 x 10 ft. To release the congestion and depending on the condition of the crop, first thinning is done in the 6th year, the second in the 12th, another in the 18th year if need be, and the final felling at the age of 20-22 years.

In order to find out the effect of...

Malik Mohammad Khan
...oo to the very thick one generally being used for shuttering in the multi-storeyed buildings. Its quick growth, lightness in weight and flexibility are the few prominent characteristics that make the bamboo sticks unique in their nature....
Wali-ur-Rehman and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...a, has 8 overlapping generations in a year. Nymphs and adults of the last generation over-winter during December - January. Activity returns at the beginning of February and egg-laying of the 1st generation commence in 1st half of February which depends upon weather condition. Subsequently all stages of the pest are met with from February to November. The peak population of the ...
Zakaullah and Khial Badshah
... was found to increase, generally, with tree size. The infection rating for the stand was 2.7....
Mohammad Ayaz and K. M. Siddiqui
...itation and subsequent regeneration operations in the forests. Introduction of power chain saws for felling and conversion of trees is essential to speed up timber harvesting operations so that enough time is available for regeneration work as well as to increase the labour productivity. It has been observed in many countries that power chain saws are more than three times efficient in timber production during felling a...
M. Saleem Khattak, Hafiz Inayatullah and Sharafat Khan
... Indole butyric acid. In general the effect of 1-Naphthalene acetic acid was found comparatively inferior Indole 3-acetic acid and Indole 3-butyric acid. ...
G. M. Khattak, Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Abdul Khaliq
...wns, firewood prices are generally out of the reach of the common man. This scarcity is likely to be exacerbated as gas reserves dwindle and oil generated thermal power becomes more expensive....
G. M. Khattak Dr. and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
... properties of soils are generally determined by their depth, texture, gravel content, water infiltration and moisture holding capacity, and by topography and drainage. About one third of the area comprises bare rock. Over the rest the soil is shallow, light grey brown, gravelly clay loam with a surface covering of gravel. It is generally underlain by weathered limestone fragments followed by bed rock. The soils are highly c...
Mohammad Amjad and Iqbal Mohammad
...Finishing operations are generally carried out manually. Annual average timber consumption based on the data for the past 5 years is 19,000 m3. Mulberry and willow account for 66% of timber consumption. 50% of mulberry is obtained from the state owned irrigated plantation of the Punjab. The entire supplies of willow come from the form lands of Peshawar district. Current export earnings from all sports goods are Rs.199 million; from wooden sports go...
G. M. Khattak and Ashiq Ahmad
...ight intensity. Better regeneration was found on steeper slopes. Poorest regeneration was associated with turf, followed by Rumex and Paeonia. More seedlings also occurred inside Skimmia and Viburnum shrubs unless they were too thick. Light intensity over plots bearing for seedlings varied from 16 to 58% of full sunlight and that over plots without fir seedlings, 63 to 100%. An area of about 2.3 ha was fenced in pure silver-...
Abdul Aziz Khan
...he forages examined were generally found capable of supplying sufficient quantities of digestible fats and proteins to the animal....
Ali Asghar Khan
....b.h., with artificial regeneration, mainly through planting. Necessary planting stock is being raised in the nurseries consisting of conifers with emphasis on deodar (Cedrus deodara) and Kail (Pinus wallichiana). The prognosis of this approach is discussed briefly, to create awareness about the effects of unwarranted changes in environment and need for studying the factors involve don pilot basis. ...
Mirza Hakim Khan Dr.
...sintegration of rocks is generally fertile and varies from clay loam to sandy loam. ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ed and good natural regeneration at favourable site (deep sandy loam, 1000 mm rain or irrigation)....
M. Bashir Chaudhry (Dr.), M. Alim Mian and M. Rafiq
...led that, country to the general belief; salinity and water logging are not a 'twin menace'. Most of the salt-affected soils were formed un ancient times, much before the recent rise in water table due to seepage from the canal system. The recent high water table conditions have, however produced o salt puff on these soils. The saline soils that have been grouped in five main categories occupy 14.3 million acres in the Indus plains but only 7.8 million acres i...
M. A. Quraishi, A. Khalique, Shahida Perveen and Perveen Akhtar
...conditions the natural regeneration of this species is scanty and efforts are being made to plant it.
The aim of the present investigation was to gain information about the water balance factors of this species under natural conditions....
M. I. Shiekh and Abdul Aleem
...hir-pine forests where regeneration had failed to establish. Planting in February and June gave equally good survival....
S. M. Chaghtai and Mohammad Yusuf
... of the communities. The general behavior of some important species has also been discussed....
Naseer Hussain and R. E. Pfadt
...rested wheatgrass. In general the E.C.D. increased gradually during successive nymphal stages....
M. Ismail Chaudhry, Bashir Hussain Shah and Hanif Gul
...y at Peshawar. The first generation starting with moths caught at light in early April completed in May. The subsequent 3 generations completed in June, Augeust and September and the last hibernated during winter. The average duration of pre-oviposition, incubation, larvae and pupae were 2.3, 3.95, 3.6, 22.16, and 10.54 days, respectively. In usceptibility test of A. ypsilon and A. segetum to G. V. from Denmar...
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...em: rotation 100 years regeneration period 25 years, allotment of compartments to four periodic blocks, and calculation of the prescribed final annual yield by Cotta's formula. Since then, the Punjab shelterwood system has been adopted and the most common pattern of management comprises a rotation of 120 years, a regeneration period of 30 years, allotment of compartments to four periodic blocks, and exclusion of increment fr...
Raja Walayat Hussain and Zaheer Ahmad
...in Hybrid poplars, in general, which ranked high among fast growing tree species owing to their intrinsic qualities and in Poplar clone 1-214, in particular, which is a natural selection and has widely been cultivated in Europe (Sheikh)....
Bashir Hussain Shah and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...Order Rhabditida....
Abdul Aziz Khan and M. N. Malik
...c and edaphic conditions generally prevailing in the plains of West Pakistan, where they normally exhibit vigorous growth and, comparatively, do not require much care after germination....
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Iqbal Ahmad
...l and passes through 6-7 generations during growing season. The larvae stitch two or more leaves together with silken threads and feed on parenchyma tissues, leaving network of viens and skeleton of leaves intact. It causes more than 90% leaf stitching when severe.
The moths from hibernating pupae emerge during March and copulate 10-20 hours after emergence. The duration of mating varies from 25 minutes to 8 hours. The moths start laying eggs 12 hour...
Raja Walayat Hussain and lshtiaq Ahmad Qazi
... index but still it is generally accepted for the sake of convenience. It is also considered to be a reasonable numerical expression for the productive capacity of the site and remains almost unaffected by minor variations in the past treatments (3,9,12, 15)....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
... the forestry service in general, and to the students, staff and officers of this Institute in particular....
Mohammad Hafeez
...ular cracks. Sap wood is generally white and heartwood is dark brown. Leaves are broadly ovate or obovate, oblique and abtuse. Flowers are pale in colour.
It is a very slow growing tree. It obtains a height from 20 to 30 feet. It occurs more or less gregariously in dry hills up to 4,000 feet. It is found in various geological formations and is capable of growing in poor dry shallow soil where few other species can survive. It may occur pure or in mixture ...

Muhammad Ikram Ullah Malik1*, Aamir Saleem1, Lubna Ansari1 and Arshad Mahmood Malik2

...s enhance livelihoods by generating more money. This was one of a few studies on the use of agroforestry for livelihood and its importance to human welfare. The work was carried out to evaluate the agro-silvopastoral system as compared to the conventional agricultural crops. An area of one acre (8 kanals) was taken for practicing this model. 3 kanals were used for the plantation of tree species (Poplar and Sheesham), to increase the soil fertility and producti...

Danh Mo

...following planting and regeneration. With a yield of 22.4 tons/ha/year, the harvest period of 9 weeks had the best yield. Wedelia tends to lose nutritive value (P<0.05) when harvesting time increases (crude protein, CP 10.4-18.8% DM and acid detergent fiber, ADF 20.1-33.5% DM). Significantly (P<0.05) lower in CP and higher in ADF, the regenerated Wedelia was compared to the planting period. The second experiment was a ...

Budi Santoso*, Bambang Tjahyono Hariadi, Marlyn Nelce Lekitoo

...l digestibility, and CH4 generation of oil palm frond-based complete feed silage to assess the impact of a cellulase additive. In the complete randomized design experiment, six treatments (silage) were used: A, B, C, D, E, and F. Treatment A consisted of oil palm frond (40%), king grass (30%), cassava (10%), tofu waste (10%), molasses (7%), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant (3%), and cellulase 0 ml/kg. Treatment B comprised silage A + 3 ml cellulase/kg, whi...

Hafsa Tauqir1, Imran Ahmad2 and Muhammad Bilal Sadiq1*

...ify;">Beetroot pomace is generally considered as a byproduct of the beetroot juice processing industry but is a potential source for bioactive compounds with strong antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity. The purpose of the study was to determine the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant content and betalain content of beetroot pomace extract (BPE) under optimized extraction conditions. Beetroot pomace was further used to develop a flavored yogurt...

Muhammad Idrees1, Wisal Muhammad Khan1*, Haroon Khan2, Arshad Iqbal1, Nosheen Umar3, Shah Khalid1 and Nisar Ahmad4

...mprised 238 species, 164 genera associated with 60 families. The most prevailing family was Asteraceae with 42 species (17.64%), trailed by Rosaceae 16 (6.72%), Brassicaceae 13(5.46%), Solanaceae 11 (4.62%), Papilionaceae 10 (4.20%), Apiaceae, and Poaceae each with 9 (3.78%), Lamiaceae 8 (3.36%), Boraginaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae each contributed by 7 species (2.94%), Amaranthaceae and Cucurbitaceae each consisted of 6 species (2.52%), Caryophyllaceae a...

Malik F. H. Ferdosi1, Iqra Haider Khan2, Arshad Javaid2*, Hafiz Muhammad Saeed1, Ifrayeem Butt2 and Ayesha Munir3

...y areas of Pakistan that generally grows in rock crevices. In the present study, flowers of this weed were collected from Murree, Pakistan. The dried flowers were extracted in methanol and subjected to GC-MS analysis that showed 7 compounds in it. The predominant compound was hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (48.88%) followed by γ-sitosterol (22.56%). Moderately occurring compound was cyclohexane, 1,3,5-triphenyl- (12.87%). The remaining compoun...

Hong Chen1,2, Jiawei Liu1,2, Chuan Lin1,2, Hao Lv1,2, Jiyun Zhang1,2, Xiaodong Jia1,2, Qinghua Gao1,2 and Chunmei Han1,2*

...el for studying tissue regeneration and its related mechanism. This study explored the mechanism of the rapid growth of regenerated antlers after top pruning damage using transcriptome sequencing technology. A damage repair model was constructed by top pruning treatment on the left antlers of three 10-month-old Tarim red deer, and RNA-seq analysis was performed on the Illumina platform to compare the transcriptome sequencing...

Muddassir Ali, Fraz Ahmad Khan*, Mohsin Ali Raza, Muhammad Shahid Munir and Muhammad Usman Saleem

...ify;">Rice harvesting is generally done by hand or with a combine harvester. The major challenges include loss of yield and quality during the harvesting process. Rice yield and quality losses may be minimized with the use of a suitable harvesting method. This study aims to evaluate the different paddy harvesting methods in terms of grain losses and head rice yield. This research evaluated the three harvesting methods: a Head-feed harvester (model PRO-588I-G, ...

Sariffudin Fatmona*, Abdurahman Hoda, Sri Utami 

...<0.05) in size. First-generation crossbreed chickens (G1) have varying male feather colors while the female’s color is predominantly gray. The male’s comb is shaped like a canary and a pea, while the female’s comb is mostly the shape of a canary. The main component variable in G1 chickens is the length of the tibia bone. Cluster analysis based on morphometrics contained three clusters: the first cluster was dominated by G1 chickens, the se...

Humam T. Hadi1*, Orooba M. S. Ibrahim2 

...synthesis techniques for generating gold nanoparticles. This study evaluated the potential of Syzygium aromaticum gold nanoparticles (SaAuNPs) in treating psoriasis in mice. The study had two parts. The first part involved the extraction of clove oil and the synthesis of SaAuNPs using a green synthesis method. The second part involved the induction of psoriasis in mice using 5% imiquimod cream, followed by topical application of different concentrations of Sa...

Riam Yousfe Muttair 

...nical implications. Next-generation checkpoint inhibitor is the same thing as opening new ways in which the success of cancer immunotherapy can be improved. Having done its best checks on the subtype of cells to be targeted, current algorithms and checkpoint inhibitors have been adopted to perfect preferences and specificities that address resistance mechanisms and immune-related adverse events. Advancing efficacy and safety profiles represents the core object...

Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Ayaz Khan2, Muhammad Atif Majeed1 and Nowsherwan Zarif1

...ape through artificial regeneration techniques such as through sowing and planting. Preparation and implementation of forest management is also required to ensure sustainable forest management in the area.

...

Shaofei Zhang1, Na Xu2 and Gang Liu2*

...ers, 27 families, and 45 genera, with Euryarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, and Bathyarchaeota being the dominant gut archaeal phyla. The results of alpha diversity analysis showed a significant difference in composition between the Shengjin and Caizi Lake samples, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) analysis indicated that geese were well-matched with their lakes of origin. Stamp analysis revealed a difference of 27 gut archaeal spec...

Mati Ullah1*, Muhammad Rizwan2, Ali Raza3, Xianlin Zhao4, Yanling Sun4, Sarah Gul5, Muhammad Ihtesham Waheed6, Muhammad Nadeem Khan7, Alvina Gul8, Sami Ullah Jan9* and Chao Huang4*

...t samples using the next-generation sequencing approach. The GC contents of the selected genome were 45.3%. Among the total 2284 genes identified, 970 genes similar in three genomes make the core genome portion. The subsystems, category distribution analysis revealed “carbohydrates” was the largest subsystem, followed by “protein metabolism”. The eggNOG functional analysis revealed that the COGs associated with “Carbohydrate trans...

Muhammad Qasim1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Umair Abbas1, Mehar Zubair Shehzad1 and Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2

...st abundant and damaging genera of subterranean termites in Pakistan. Many conventional synthetic insecticides are being used to combat termite infestations with often unsatisfactory control results. This study assessed the comparative toxicity of some prevailing synthetic insecticides with different modes of action against subterranean termites Coptotermes heimi Wasmann (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) which was found as a dominant termite species in district Sarg...
R. Javed1,2, T. Usman1, S. Niaz2, N. Ali2,3, H. Baneh4, K. Ullah5, I. Khattak1, M. Kamal1,2
S. Bahadar6, N.U. Khan1, S. Khan1,7, Y. Wang3*, Y. Yu3* and Mostafa K. Nassar8
...ta were analysed using a generalized linear model of SAS studio for the effect of the SCC, breed, and herd on milk performance while wombat and CFC for the analysis of genetic and non-genetic factors. The results showed that animals with higher SCC have significantly lower (P<0.01) milk fat %. Breed-wise analysis showed significantly higher (P<0.01) protein % in Achai, lactose % in Jersey and its crossbred (Jersey x Achai), and LMY was recorded significa...

Mohammed Mijbas Mohammed Alomari1, Nawar Jasim Alsalih2*, Samir Sabaa Raheem2, Mohenned Alsaadawi2, Ali Mosa Rashid Al-Yasari3

...as therapy. Firstly, the general clinical, biochemical, and immunological parameters of the blood of sick animals were examined at the time of treatment. The results of A comparative analysis of the recorded was carried out. In the process of treating sick dogs, positive changes occur, which are characterized by an improvement in the general clinical condition, a decrease in body temperature, elimination of vomiting, diarrhe...

Amal Ahmed Abdel-Halim1, Esteftah Mohamed El-Komy2, Ahmed Mosaad Abdelsalam2, Gomaa Said Ramadan2*

... was carried out for two generations, focusing on achieving higher body weight at five weeks of age. This resulted in the establishment of selected lines with superior body weight. The data collected from the study were analyzed using the xlstat software. One-way and two-way analysis of variance methods were applied to examine the differences in various parameters. The results revealed significant variations in the weekly mean body weight of the quail birds at...

Rhuan Chaves1, Diego Leal2, Ygor de Paula³, Andreia Vilas Boas4, Ana Toledo4, Sígfrid López-Ferrer5, Vinicius Cantarelli3, Cesar Garbossa2* 

... feed and its metabolism generates a compound that can taint animal-origin products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding diets containing natural choline (Kolin plus™ FC) as a replacement of choline chloride on performance and blood variables of weaned piglets. A total of 360 piglets with an average initial body weight of 6.33 ± 0.20 kg were utilized in a 41-day experiment. The experimental design followed a randomized blo...

Gautam Kumar Deb1*, Md Faizul Hossain Miraz1, SM Jahangir Hossain1, Shahrina Akter1, Md. Ahsanul Kabir1, Md Ruhul Amin2, Md Panir Choudhury1, Nure Hasni Desha1

...es are reared for income generation (77.3%) and farmers prefer stallions (43.65%) over geldings for rearing. A semi-intensive rearing system is identified where farmers provide a combination of roughage and concentrate feed. Bloat, diarrhea, colds, fevers and skin diseases are common among others. Mares experience first heat at 24.02±2.61 months and conceive at 27.09±3.64 months. Foaling length, gestation interval and estrous length were recorded...

Hala Harifi*, Mouloud Lamtai*, Siham Ait Salhi, Fatima-Zahra Azzaoui, Omar Akhouayri, Abdelhalem Mesfioui, Leila Bikjdaouene

...ically its impact on the general condition of male Wistar rats, by recording all clinical symptoms associated with this intoxication. Different doses ranging from the lowest to the highest (6 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg i.p.) were administered intraperitoneally over a period of 12 weeks. The objective of the study was to identify the lethal dose and the tolerated toxic dose in order to establish a toxicity model. Weight gain was monitored weekly, a...

Hawraa F.H. Alowaid1*, Afrah Adil Hassan1, Majdy Faisal Majeed2

... in TML-treated animals, generally, the complementary results of the histological study, by evaluating the degree of histopathological changes, the distribution of lesions by scores (Sc) and an important factor (Fi), and the injury severity index in both kidney and liver tissue, revealed the severity of the pathological changes in the highest dose group compared with the rest of the groups. On the other hand, TML (30 ​mg/kg/day) caused more dysfunction in th...

Asad Ali, Anwar Ali, Muhammad Farooq and Basheer Ahmad* 

...ate, status of natural regeneration, and growth performance of plantations established under BTAP in Karak district. A total of 99 sample plots measuring 0.1 hectares were established across the selected sites. Data collection included information on regeneration, species planted, pit density, survival rate, aspect, and species composition. Analysis of the field data revealed a pit density below the required 10x10 spacing, w...

Ameer Sultan1, Abdur Rauf1*, Farooq Jan1, Muhammad Qayash2, Muhammad Yasin3, Tanweer Kumar4, Wajid Khan4, Muhammad Arif4, Kashmala Jabbar5, Wisal Khan6, Farhan Ullah1, Syed Shabab Hussain1 and Ikramullah Khan1

...nges. Various industries generate diverse wastewater pollutants, often presenting complex and expensive treatment challenges. The attributes of wastewater and concentrations of contaminants vary significantly from one industry to another. Recently, there has been a growing interest in utilizing industrial waste as a soil amendment. The distillery spent wash (DSW) released through the sugarcane processing, is abundant in organic materials and a variety of essen...

Nask Jawher Ahmed and Kawa A. Ali*

... stages according to the general BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, und Chemische Industrie) scale, with three levels of water regimes: (a) control (full irrigations), (b) No further irrigation after flowering (65BBCH), and (c) No further irrigation after seed development (79 BBCH) stages of the crop. There were four concentrations of foliar applied salicylic acid: (a) Control (only water spray) and (b)100ppm, (c) 200ppm, and (d) 300ppm SA spray. Yield traits we...

Le Thanh Phuong1, Pham Tan Nha2*

... of Noi chicken over two generations (G0 and G1 generations). A total of 300 hens and 60 cocks at the 21 weeks old local Noi chickens were used in this experiment. They were randomly distributed into two treatment groups of 5 replicates (30 hens and 6 cocks) in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 (G0 generation – beginning generation) inclu...

Marriyam Batool1*, Ahmed Zia2, Shabir Ahmed1, Imran Bodlah3, Waheed Ali Panhwar4, Muhammad Ashfaque5, Falak Naz6 and Muhammad Muneer5

...which, 23 species and 13 genera are reported for the first time for this valley. Within the recorded fauna, Macrosiphum euphorbiae was found to be abundant with 103 individuals followed by Myzus persicae and Aphis craccivora, respectively. Impact of altitudinal variations over the distribution of recorded fauna was also studied and discussed in detail.

...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan, Atiq Ur Rahman, Waqar Akhtar and Hafizullah Khan

...t Zai, the total revenue generated per household from both Kharif and Rabbi crops was PRs. 488511.68 in 2008-09 which increased to Rs.1089252.42 after the dam construction in 2016-17. In Village Qilla the net per household revenue from both Rabi and Kharif crops in 2008-09 was PRs. 33796.05 which increased to PRs. 66541.74 in 2016-17 after the dam construction. The net income is almost doubled after the dam construction. Thus, this increase in net income is re...

Muhammad Zahir Shah1,2 and Syed Basit Rasheed1,*

...species belonging to two genera i.e., Phlebotomus represented by 12 species and Sergentomyia represented by 16 species were collected during the present study. Phlebotomus mongolensis is reported for the first time from Pakistan. Phlebotomus sergenti (48.77%) was the most abundant species followed by Phlebotomus paptasi (17.89%), Sergentomyia baghdadis (14.53%) and Sergentomyia babu (7.22%). Shannon-Weiner Index was high due to maximum number of specimens belo...

Hafiz Muhammad Ashraf, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir* and Javed Iqbal Qazi

... orders, 21 families, 37 genera and 50 species. The family Cyprinidae was containing 13 genera and 21 species. Eight species (Amblyceps mangois, Botia lohachta, Botia almorhae, Coptodon zillii, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Parambasis lala, Salmostoma phulo and Psilorhynchus nudithoracicus) were collected first time from river Ravi Pakistan. During high flow season, Cirrhinus mrigala and Captodon zilli showed highest relative abu...

Hui-juan Yan1, Wei Wang2,*, Jian-qiu Yu1, Jun Yi2, Li-li Niu1, Hong-wei Chen1, Yu Qu1, Yang Pu 1, Ang Chen1, Yan Zhong1, Wei-gang Chen1 and Xing-ming Yu1

...n Z1, Z2 and Z3) and 310 genera (153, 254 and 304 in Z1, Z2 and Z3) were identified. In Z1, Z2 and Z3, Firmicutes (63.65%, 62.07% and 61.96%) was the predominant phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes (29.08%, 29.62% and 30.02%) and Tenericutes (3.08%, 3.24% and 2.78%). The alpha diversity (Shannon Index and observed species) of Z2 was significantly higher than that of Z3 (P < 0.05). The Shannon Index of Z1 was higher than that of Z2. At the genus level, Christe...
A.M. Ahmed1*, R. Dutta1, H. Pokhrel1, D. Nath1, L. Mudoi1, R. Sarmah1, S.K. Bhagabati1 and I. Ahmed2
...ers, 24 families, and 52 genera. The orders Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Anabantiformes, and Synbranchiformes accounted for 88.88% of the total fish population and the remaining 12.12% is being contributed by other orders. The family Cyprinidae was found to be the most prevalent (40.74%). Minnows and barbs contributed the most (30.49%) among the 11 common groups of fishes identified. According to the IUCN status, 11.11% were near threatened (NT), 2.44% each of...

Shumaila Usman1,2, Irfan Khan2, Kanwal Haneef3 and Asmat Salim2*

...s characterized by the degeneration of β-cells. The present study is an attempt in the search of a suitable and efficient way to enhance the transdifferentiation ability of mature fibroblasts by using transgene free cellular approach in order to improve the cell-based therapeutics for diabetes. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of 2, 4 - Dinitrophenol (DNP) on the transdifferentiation of NIH3T3 cells into insulin producing β-cells (IPCs). ...

Zahraa M. Mahdi 

...s the preparation of new generation nanocomposite membranes with nano-modifiers of the membrane structure to improve the desalination process. The introduction explains the consolation of desalination technologies, specifically the need for efficient membranes. The fabrication techniques portrayed are the elemental blending and multilayer deposition wherein there is highly emphasized information on making polyaniline-based cation exchange nanoporous membranes ...

Amaq Fadholly1,2*, Endang Tri Margawati1, Alek Ibrahim1 and Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra1

Shahida Rashied1*, Ahmed Zia2, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Sumera Aslam3, Abdul Rauf Bhatti4 and Ghulam Ali1
...pterous species under 13 genera of 5 families and 7 zygopterous species under 4 genera of 3 families. Among these 8 anisopterous species and 7 zygopterous species were first time recorded from the SBRN. According to the results of surveys, the Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae families looked to be the most prominent. For proper identification help was taken from National Insect Museum, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan.

...

Rijanto Hutasoit1,3, Edison Purba2*, Simon Petrus Ginting3, Nevy Diana Hanafi2

...nvestgate utilization M2 generation of Indigofera zollingeriana results from gamma-ray irradiation as a roughage animal feed and its effect in soil characteristics on saline soil. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments of gamma-irradiated M2 generation I. zollingeriana (0, 100, 200, and 300 gray) and six replications. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and then evaluated using an orthogonal polynomi...

Waheed Iqbal* and Muhammad Faheem Malik

...rom 32 species across 22 genera, 11 subfamilies, and four families from this study. With 14 (43.75%) species, the Nymphalidae family was dominated that was followed by the Pieridae family, which had 13 (40.62%) species, the Lycaenidae family, which had three (9.37%) species, and the Papilionidae family, which had two (6.25%) species. With regard to occurrence status, species of butterfly fauna found to be 17(53.12%) as common, four (12.5%) are fairly common, t...

Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Nowsherwan Zarif, Anwar Ali*, Faizan Ahmed, Asim Karim and Ali Nawaz 

...forest cover cannot be regenerated naturally in dry areas with erratic climatic conditions. Several research organizations such as the Pakistan Forest Institute, PARC, IC, FAO, UNDP etc., initiated systematic research in dry areas to combat land degradation and desertification effectively. These research studies focused on the maximum utilization of rainwater to ensure the availability of soil moisture to the plants for a longer period to enhance survival and ...

Razaq Animashahun1, Funmilayo Okeniyi1, Olayinka Alabi1, Samuel Olawoye1, Precious Oluwafemi1, Princess Odhe1, Oluwatola Akintola1, Adedeji Animashahun2

... on visceral organs. The general acceptability of the meat across the treatment groups showed similarity (p > 0.05). The study suggests that all three leaf meals have the potential to be used in growing rabbit diets, with Synedrella demonstrating the highest potential. Additionally, the results imply that a mixture of leaves should be encouraged.
 
Keywords | Feed, Weight gain, Fodder, Peroxidation, Production, Shelf life
...

Muhammad Sajid1*, Muhammad Hamid2, Usama Ayyub2 and Muhammad Azam2 

...e recently. To provide a general understanding of the virology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic testing, and diagnostics, and antiviral treatment of CCHF, we provide a critical reviewed of the literature. The chemical interactions and life cycle of viruses are intricate and are poorly understood. Despite our limited understanding of pathogenesis and immunobiology, multiple routes contribute to the viral entry, replication, and clinical damage. A few auto...

Sana Nawaz1, Shahzor Gul Khaskheli1*, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1, Inayatullah Rajper2, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh3, Ashfaque Ahmed Khaskheli1 and Shaista Soomro1

...stantial amount of waste generated throughout the FV supply chain, resulting from inadequate management practices in fields, harvesting, processing, transportation, storage, and distribution. This waste not only represents a loss of food but also leads to degradation of valuable components, including bioactive compounds, with significant implications for various industries and applications. Common and unconventional manufacturing processes for FV waste utiliza...

Abdul Mannan1*, Naveed Iqbal1, Randhawa1, Abdul Hanan1 and Abdul Qadeer1

...cards. The borers’ generation emerges out after 27 days, trichogramma cards T. chillions were installed with the duration after 10, 15, 20, days interval repeated and to check out infestation of sugar cane borers. The research shows that results of installed crop was excellent minimum borer attack as compared to less installed trichogramma card. More treated with trichogramma card about 60000 parasitoids eggs /acre at interval after 20 days repeat from M...

Muhammad Shahid Hassan1, Nargis Naz2, Hassan Raza Javeed1*, Sabahat Zafar1, Laraib Kanwal1, Seerat Mariyum1, Areej Fatima1, Areeba Bashir1 and Muhammad Imran Atta3

Shahida Naveed1, Salma2, Inayatullah Khattak3 and Khan Bahadar Marwat4

...n weeds, belonging to 57 genera and 28 families, were found to be used by local folks for the treatment of different ailments. Among the monocots, family Poaceae was the dominant family having nine genera and nine species (14.75 %) followed by dicotyledonous family Asteraceae with seven (7) genera and seven (7) species (11.47%). Amaranthaceae and Brassicaceae were represented by five (5) s...

Mushtaq Ahmad1, Hikmat Ullah Jan2, Kanwal Raina3, Nazara Shafiq3, Syed Mukarram Shah1, Muhammad Ibrahim4, Shaha Buddin1 and Gulnaz Parveen3*

...ed to 31 families and 77 genera. Among these 31 families 29 families were of Dicots and only 2 families were of monocots. The 71 (76%) species collected were dicots whereas, 22 (24%) species belonged to monocots. Among the Dicots, Asteraceae were the dominant family having 9 weed species followed by, Solanaceae 8 species, Amaranthaceae 7 species, Euphorbiaceae 6 species and Chenopodiaceae with 5 species. The remaining families have less than 5 species each. Am...

Bunga Rimta Barus1, Masfria Masfria2*, Aminah Dalimunthe3, Sovia Lenny4

...hancing both epidermal regeneration and angiogenesis.
 
Keywords | Antibacterial, Ethyl acetate, Fraction, Gel, Staphylococcus aureus, Wound
...
Alaa H. Sadoon1, Zainab Abdulimam Majeed2, Majdy Faisal Majeed1*
...types and fixative time, generally all results were needed to emphasize the choice of suitable fixatives and fixation periods depending on the histological analysis relevant to various samples.
 
Keywords | Buffered formalin (10%), Bouin’s fluid, Zenker,s solution, Carony,s solution, Clarke’ssolution, fixation times, Image J
...

Baraa Najim Al-Okaily 

...ighly reactive chemicals generated within cellular mitochondria that can impact plenty physiological functions in either a positive or negative manner. Under normal physiological circumstances, the cells of the body generate a minimal amount of ROS, which corresponds to a low level of oxidative stress. These molecules play a crucial role in regulating cellular signaling pathways, facilitating communication between cells, and...
Niaz Hussain1, Muneer Abbas1*, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Aslam1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Khalid Hussain2, Muahammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Irshad1, Zubeda Parveen1, Fiaz Hussain3 and Azhar Mahmood Aulakh4
...dvancement from F3 to F5 generations were carried out through the plant pedigree selection method, mainly focusing on recombinants possessing high yield potential with bold grains. Uniform lines were selected from F6 generation and bulked. Ultimately, the promising and uniform line “TG1410” later on named “Thal-2020” was selected from F7 population during 2013-14. This selected line underwent rigorous...
Plinio Vargas Zambrano1*, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Julio Ibarra Arteaga4, Camilo Chávez Ceballos4 and Ramona Párraga Alava1
...grater which consists of generating friction on a surface with sharp holes to separate the fibers into particles, colorimetry analysis was performed with a Konica Minolta CR-400 colorimeter, a viscosity analysis using a rotational viscometer and a hedonic scale of 7 points sensory analysis, the data were processed in the Minitab program, ANOVA and Dunnet. It was determined that there was a significant difference in the useful life of the product with respect t...

Khaeruddin1,2, Gatot Ciptadi1, Muhammad Yusuf3, Hermawansyah2, Sahiruddin3 and Sri Wahjuningsih1*

...ity and straightness. In general, Ringer’s acetate-yolk glucose diluent is better in maintaining the quality of Gaga’s chicken spermatozoa during storage.

...

Xinxing Wang1,4, Yunrong Shi2, Guobao Chen1, Tao Chen1, Kui Zhang1,3* and Wenhua Liu4*

...ers, 79 families and 167 genera. Average numbers of (families, genera, species), (genera, species), and (species) per order, family, and genus, (4.39, 9.28, 14.94), (2.11, 3.41), and (1.61) were recorded. An average taxonomic distinctness of 75.0, and variation in taxonomic distinctness 99.8 were calculated. Whereas, an average taxonomic distinctness reveals genetic relationships between P...

Muhammad Saleem1*, Dilbar Hussain1, Tamseela Mumtaz2, Saeed Ahmad3, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah3, Muhammad Luqman3, Muhammad Shafqat4, Fiaz Hussain5, Muhammad Sajjad6, Kaynat Shahzadi2, Muhammad Jawad Saleem1 and Muhammad Hasnain1

...effects of different new generation insecticides and insect growth regulators were evaluatedagainst 3rd instar larvae of H. armigera. Three insecticides viz., pyriproxyfen 10.8%EC,chlorantraniliprole 20SC, emamectin benzoate 1.9EC, and one insect growth regulator (IGR), lufenuron, 50EC was tested against H. armigera larvae by using leaf dip bioassay method under laboratory conditions at Entomological Research Institute, Faisalabad. On the basis of LC50 values ...

Iqra Almas, Samia Afzal*, Muhammad Idrees, Muhammad Shahid, Iram Amin and Kausar Malik

...xt-align: justify;">Next generation sequencing (NGS) provides an accurate analysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)  as compared to Sanger sequencing. In 2019, samples from HBV infected family of mother and her two sons samples were collected from Lahore, Pakistan. Sequencing of S gene, Geno2pheno (HBV) 2.0 tool and GHOST platform were used to analyze the genotype, mutations (natural and escape) and quasispecies analysis of the HBV. All samples in family were i...

Zulfiqar Ali1, Asad Ullah2*, Shumaila Gul3, Maryam Begum4, Raheela Taj5, Tahira Tayyeb1, Maiz ur Rahman1, Muhammad Owais Khan1, Rafiq Ullah1, Imad Khan2, Ali Gohar2, Shakirullah Khan6, Khudija Ghani7 and Muneeb Islam8

...ks, focusing on the main genera and species of medical and veterinary significance. The purpose of the current study was to determine the prevalence of tick infestation, epidemiological characteristics, associated risk factors, and investigation of a variety of hard tick infestation in small ruminant populations in District Mardan, Buner, and Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 5000 goats and sheep of various ages, breeds, sexes, and locations ...

Heba El-Sayed Mostafa1,2*, Lama Sulaiman Alahmadi1, Shiyma Abullah Alrahule1, Nada Fareed Alzughaibi1, Hala Rafat Zulali1, Yasmin Islam Magdi3, Saada Saad Alharbi1

 
...last section asked about general opinions about animal research. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Categorical variables were identified as frequencies and percentages using the Chi-squared test. Results: The results showed that most participants (89.6%) knew about the ethics of research, and the highest source of knowledge was the college curriculum (44.7%). There was a statistica...

Abdulla A. Albishtue1,3, Nurhusien Yimer1,5*, Md Zuki A. Zakaria2, Abd Wahid Haron1, Abdul Salam Babji4

...aracteristics, such as regenerative effect. The objective of this research was to evaluate EBN’s neuroprotective role on the cerebral and cerebellar cortexes of lead acetate-exposed adult female rats. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were allocated randomly into five groups, with six rats in each group. The control group (C) received solely distilled water. Meanwhile, the treatment groups (T0, T1, T2, and T3) received lead acetate (LA) at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW...
Rehana Yasmin1,2, Rashda Abbasi2*, Tariq Saeed2, Madiha Sadiq2, Nuzhat Yasmeen3, Muhammad Iqbal4, A. Khuzaim Alzahrani5, Nadeem Kizilbash5, Ugur Bilge6, Nafees Ahmad2 and Sajid Malik1*
...scriptive summaries were generated, and risk factors were analyzed through logistic regression. We identified Pathan ethnicity (OR=2.85; 95%CI=2.29-3.54), no formal education (OR=3.36; 95%CI=2.62-4.32), poor diet (OR=2.34; 95%CI=1.79-3.06), lower BMI (OR=1.95; 95%CI=1.50-2.60), parental consanguinity (OR=2.13; 95%CI=1.67-2.71), positive family history (OR=4.24; 95%CI=2.18-8.26), rural residential setup (OR=2.93; 95%CI=2.10-4.10), drinking of groundwater (OR=2....

Wen Xiong1, Zhimin Jin1, Zinuo Yuan1, Qin Liu2* and Peter A. Bowler3

...ders, 26 families and 88 genera, that are distributed in the Yujiang River and its drainage basin. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria, six of these species (Anguilla japonica, Cyprinus carpio, Luciocyprinus langsoni, Pseudohemiculter dispar, Ptychidio jordani, and Cranoglanis bouderius), qualify for recognition as Threatened Species. Overfishing, water flow diversions and modifications, and the impacts of non-native...

Muhammad Luqman1,*, Aqsa Ashraf 1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehmood1, Anwar Saeed2 and Rizwan Ahmad3

...on Resource Focuses with general media resources and emphasizes the significance of training agricultural information providers in taking care of and transferring knowledge successfully. Reinforcing institutional linkages is suggested for consistent knowledge delivery. All in all, the review reveals insight into the multifaceted difficulties faced by small-scale farmers in getting to vital agricultural information and underscores the need of fitted mediations ...

Muhammad Khubaib1*, Muhammad Salman Khan1, Zia Ur Rahman2, Nafees Ahmad1, Muhammad Atif Haider1 and Mushtaq Ahmad Khan3

...s required to reduce the generation of shooters at juvenile stages.

...

Shahid Ali Khan1*, Farooq Ahmad1, Muhammad Zubair Akram2, Yan Tongyu3, Fatima Urooj1, Kamran Ahmad1, Saeed Ullah4, Sharmeen Zulfiqar5, Tahira Batool6, Aqsa Sarwar1, Yaqoob Sultan7 and Samreen Nazeer8*

...ants. it consists of 340 genera and 9000 species and is cosmopolitan distributed throughout the world. The habits of plants are annuals, perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees. The identifying characteristic feature of plants in this family is the formation of milky latex, because of their succulent nature; they can tolerate or resist water deficit conditions. Different ecotypes of this genus were collected from different areas of Faisalabad region. Different spec...

Ridha Tunnisa1, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2*, Sri Purwanti2, Sri Rachma Aprilita Bugiwati2, Wempie Pakiding2

... were analyzed using the general linear model method (GLM). To identify polymorphism using the PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Genotype frequency, allele frequency, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were analyzed in this research. The research showed that three genotypes, AA, AB, and BB, were successfully visualized. The AB and BB genotype of the IGF-1 gene was significantly related (P<0.05) with final body weight, feed consumption, an...
Nur Amira Idayu Romzi1, Aina Zahirah Mohd Suhaili1, Norhayati Ngah1,2 and Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar1*
...mounts of nitrogen could generate different amounts of crude proteins in maize plants. This study focuses on the determination of the crude protein production from different amounts of nitrogen composition in the fertilizers. A total of sixty maize seeds (GWG 888) were planted at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) Kampus Besut Farm. Four different fertilizer treatments were used for the plant species, including control, NovaTec, foliar, and urea. The dat...

Oluwakamisi F. Akinmoladun1,2*, Olusegun O. Ikusika1, Conference T. Mpendulo1

... and their imbalance can generate acidosis or alkalosis, thus making the metabolic pathways in the animal organism inefficient. This research aimed to evaluate the optimum sodium requirements for growing Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). Two hundred growing quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates, with eight birds each. The treatment consisted of a basal diet (control) containing 0.101% of N...

Devi Ermawati1, Panjono2, Sigit Bintara1, Ali Agus3, Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto2, Bertha Yudistyra4, Rifai Mustofa4, Tety Hartatik1*

... Brahman Cross and first-generation F1  Crossbred cattle, estrus signs and estrogen levels are recommended to be examined during artificial insemination (AI) and 30 days after AI. Twenty blood samples consisting of ten samples of F1 crossbred cattle with Belgian Blue bullsand  Brahman Cross dams, and ten samples of Brahman Cross cattle grown at PT. Widodo  Makmur Perkasa were taken. Estrogen levels and visual indicators of estrus were tracked bo...
Aamir Khan Awan1, Nighat Sultana1*, Rahmat Ali Khan2, Rifhat Sultana3
Umm-e-Kalsoom1, Fayaz Ahmed Sahibzada4, Rifat Ullah Khan5, Naimat Ullah Khan6, Nazir Ahmad Khan7, Syed Haider Zaman8, Mir Sadiq Shah9 and Assar Ali Shah10*
...al fruit weight which is generally wasted every year, although, it is known to have a variety of medicinal benefits. The present study was conducted to find the antioxidant activity and antidiabetic potentials of P. granatum peels extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. The diabetes was induced in albino rats using alloxan at the concentration of 150 mg kg-1 body weight. After 15 days, the treated groups with glabinclemide and different varieties of ...
Phuong-Thao Ho1, 2, Thi Tuong Vy Nguyen3, Ngoc Hai Tran3 and Tran Van Giang4*
...dash;West Pacific region generally.

...

Awang Hazmi Awang-Junaidi1, Yeoh Boon Nie2, Siew Te Wong2, Nur Nabila Sarkawi3, Wafeq Mu’izzadin Khairul Anuar1, Siti Mariam Zainal Ariffin1* 

...y and is vulnerable to degenerative joint disease (DJD). This study presents the results of a detailed examination of the skeleton remains of one adult male captive Bornean sun bear obtained from the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre (BSBCC), Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia, specifically for DJD lesions. The examination revealed osteoarthritis in multiple sites of the appendicular joint, including the hip joint, stifle joint, elbow joint, and carpal joint, with b...

Samah Abou Asa1, Omnia Tag2 and Walid Elmonir2*

...associated with muscle degeneration, fragmentation, and hyalinization, and mononuclear cell infiltrations, were morphological characteristics of EMC-infected muscles. In mullet fish the lesions were more severe and the EMC were embedded in intermuscular fat. These pathological lesions highlight the poor meat quality of infected fish especially mullet species. Only few residents (14%) had knowledge about Heterophyiasis in the study area. Residents also reported...

Bushra Sial1, Arif Muhammad Khan1, Mohsan Raza1,6*, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Sayyad Ali Raza Bukhari1, Muhammad Kashif Hanif3, Sher Khan Panhwar4, Muhammad Ashfaq5

...onships between families/genera. 542 COI sequences from experimental species and an online database were considered for phylogenetic and Fst analysis. Moreover, an online QR code generator was used to develop the first-ever QR codes for nucleotide information of these species. It is the first study from Pakistan to reveal the barcode gap, phylogenetic relationship, and genetic diversity of the fish species in the northern Ar...

Muhammad Salim1,2*, Muhammad Zakria2, Ahmad Ur Rahman Saljoqi2, Shahid Sattar2, Ayhan Gökçe1, Amjad Usman3 and Hayat Badshah4

...rst week of December and general agronomic practices were applied as per the recommendations for wheat sowing. The pre- and post-spray data were collected after 1, 2, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. The aphids population was found on the decreasing trend after spray application of each extract of P. hysterophorus. Post-spray data revealed that the plot treated with flower extracts had the highest mean number of aphids (32.00 plant-1), whereas the least mean number of S....

Shahid Ali Khan1*, Farooq Ahmad1, Fatima Urooj1, Shabana Ehsan2, Yan Tongyu3, Tahira Batool4, Aqsa Bibi1, Muhammad Bilal1, Amrat Eman1, Javeria Tariq1, Ansa Asghar1, Yang Yan5, Asima Shabbir2 and Samreen Nazeer6*

...ss of plants and has 340 genera and 9000 species and is found in many parts of the world. Plants of this family exhibit various habits, including annuals, perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees. The distinguishing trait of plants in this family is the production of milky latex due to their succulent nature, enabling them to withstand or withstand water scarcity conditions. Various ecotypes of this species were gathered from distinct regions within the Faisalabad a...

Manar Mousa Alhussein*, Eman Faisal Albghdady

... were weighed, put under general anesthesia, and blood samples were taken to estimate testosterone and estrogen serum concentrations using competitive ELISA kits. The scrotum was dissected, the epididymis detached from the testis, and the weight and length were taken, then divided into three divisions (caput, corpus, and cauda) for histopathological study. HandE staining was used to detect general structures and histopatholo...

Qamar Ullah1,2, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1*, Raheela Akhtar1 and Aftab Ahmad Anjum3

...e in tissue repair and regeneration of the injured mammary gland of buffaloes.

...

Mahmoud Saber1, Sabry A. Mousa2, Hisham A. Abdelrahman3, Eman Rashad4, Ramadan Sary5, Meray N. Ramsis5*

...l papillae to shorten, degenerate, and burn, especially at ruminal pillars. Due to their dramatic drawbacks, it is not recommended to administer DOSS as a surfactant for treating bloat or to apply defaunation using SLS in fattening ruminants, to maintain sustainable production in goat’s flocks.
 
Keywords | Goats, Rumen ciliates, Rumen papillae, Bodyweight, Defaunation, Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate, Sodium lauryl sulphate

Noorulhuda A. Mahdi, Nadia H.R. AL-Falahi*

...embrane as guided bone regeneration and bone marrow clot had a good osteoinduction properties in segmental bone defects regeneration.
 
Keywords | Segmental bone defect, Fish swim bladder, Bone marrow clot, Guided bone regeneration, Rabbits
...
Jessenia Castro-Olaya1, Dorys T. Chirinos1* and Takumasa Kondo2
...into 14 taxa within nine genera were observed. Scolytine diversity was low in all the agroecosystems, due to high dominance of Hypothenemus sp. (87.9%). LAF exhibited the highest scolytinae community, with six indicator taxa (IndVAl: ranging 25.4 to 48.7%). Rainfall and temperature were negatively associated with abundance. Although Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius) is the species reported in Ecuador, 13 additional taxa were detected. This resear...

Diaa El-Boraey1, Mousa A. Ayoub1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Said Ibrahim Fathalla3, Ibrahim Said Abu-alya3, Mohamed Abaza4, Ahmed R. Gado5, Mobarez A.A.6, Nehal K. Alm Eldin6

Muhammad Ahsan Raza1,2*, Nabila Roohi2, Abdul Qayyum Khan Sulehria3 and Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan4

...amilies and 12 different genera were identified. Brachionidae was proved to be the most abundant family followed by Asplanchnidae. Population density was maximum in June and lowest in January. Rotifers displayed positive relationship with electrical conductivity, pH, temperature and total hardness while negative correlation was recorded with dissolved oxygen. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for the determination of heavy metals in water. Three hea...
Chang Guoliang1,2*, Pan Zhengjun1,2, Zhu Chuankun1,2, Zhao Haitao1,2
Yan Zhang3, Summaya Rajput4 and Laghari M. Younis4*

Wen Xiong1, Yifan Huang1, Yue Liu1, Shuyin Li2* and Baoqiang Wang3*

...ders, 26 families and 65 genera were listed in the Honghu Lake in past seventy years. And the fisheries resource decreased quickly due to hydrological disconnected, overfishing, and non-native species. In order to protect freshwater fish biodiversity and fisheries in Honghu Lake, some measures including establishment of protect area, artificial propagation and artificial releasing and fishing ban, were implemented in Honghu Lake. We hope that this study should...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

October

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 5, pp. 2001-2500

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