John Shook
Science, Religion and Culture
...atheology specifically appeals to current sciences and scientific methodologies to help explain why no gods are real. Folk religions and anthropomorphic gods can’t survive, but science vs. religion is hardly the whole story. Only science joined by philosophical reflection suffices to skeptically analyze the natural theology arguments for supernatural gods, too aloof and abstract for direct confrontation over evidence. Theology’s desperate maneuvers...
Ruse, Michael, The Gaia Hypothesis: Science on a Pagan Planet, The University of Chicago Press, 2013, 251 pp, $26.00, ISBN 978-0-226-73170-4
Science, Religion and Culture
...s of the natural world appealed to my hormone-driven defiance and pacified my unruliness. I thought I knew my Thoreau.
...
Reviewed by Elly Vintiadis (www.ellyvintiadis.com)
Mark Zelcer
...h (the language of Eu- ropean Jewry) and also to science. But what does it mean for an ethnicity to have strong cultural ties to science and how did it get that way in this case? Put another way, why put all this effort into producing Yiddish texts for an audience, part of which could get by in English and part of which was not particu- larly well educated enough to appreciate them? Why would Jews put such a Jewish spin on science?...
Michael R. Molnar
...es about what may have appeared in the skies, marking the birth of Jesus as Christians believe. Details of the ce- lestial event given in the New Testament Bible are vague leaving much room for widely varying ideas. As the Star involves Christian faith, there are valid suspicions that some explanations may have taken liberties to support religious beliefs. That idea is central to one of the more recent publications on this subject. Aaron Adair promotes his boo...
John Martin Fischer
...lly developed and most appealing. Although I am not myself a moral responsibility skeptic, and, in particular, I do not believe that causal determinism is incompatible with the kind of freedom that grounds robust, desert-based moral responsibility, I find that (surprisingly) our views don’t really differ that much from each other. It might seem that our views are miles apart; but upon reflection, it turns out that they are very close, and with the inte...
Muhammad Arif1, Fazal Jalal1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Dost Muhammad2
...egumes i.e. mungbean, cowpea and sesbania with a fallow were adjusted in the summer gap with and without biochar application. Biochar was applied at the rate of 0 and 50 t ha-1 with four N levels of 0, 90, 120, 150 kg ha-1 to subsequent maize crop. Biochar significantly enhanced plant height and grain yield. The plots previously sown with legumes produced taller plants and high number of grains ear-1. Nitrogen application increased plant height, number of grai...
Mohammad Fayaz, Abbas Ullah Jan, Dawood Jan
...ge & cauliflower and peas, mostly consumed in Pakistan. A comparison of quality elasticity between urban and rural households is provided using Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) data from Pakistan Social and Standards Living Measurement (PSLM) 2010-11. The elasticities of interest were obtained via log-log inverse (LLI) functional form of Engel equation. The quantity and expenditure elasticities remained less than unity with reasonable differ- en...
Ozgur Koca
...y particularly Muslims appear to be subject to this problem as evinced by the emergence of many militant and terrorist organizations like al-Qaeda, ISIL, Boko Haram and the escalation of sectarian violence between the Shi’a and the Sunnis in Iraq and Syria....
Frank Griffel
... On the day that cover appeared, the offices of Charlie Hebdo were attacked by a firebomb. Luz explained Charlie Hebdo’s motivation for the most recent cover as, “to show that at any given moment, we have the right to do anything, to redo anything, and to use our characters the way we want to.”...
Muhammad Zahid1*, Muhammad Salman2, Shah Alam Khan2, Alamzeb1, Inamullah Khan1
...%) and Swat (45.42%). In peach orchards, highest mean infestation was recorded in Peshawar (88.33%), followed by Nowshera (72.77%) and Swat (53.72%). The mean infestation of 70.86% was recorded in apricot orchards in Peshawar, followed by Nowshera (62.40%) and Swat (40.73%). Bordeaux mixture treatment applied to tree trunks was very effective in reducing the borer infestation during dormant season. After pruning orchards, Nurelle-D 505EC and Triazofos 40EC @ 7...
Imdad Sohu1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi2*, Ghulam Raza Bhutto2, Muhammad Salim Sarki2, Rabail Gandahi3
...lign: justify;">The chickpea is a major legume crop of Pakistan cultivated under rice-chickpea cropping system. Integrated nutrient management is important for higher crop yields and sustainable agriculture. A field experiment was conducted to study the residual effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of chickpea crop. The treatments included control (no organic or ino...
Luke Galen
...sts and agnostics will appear inferior on a variety of outcome variables. However, nonbelief and secular worldviews can also be practiced in social groups such as atheist, humanist, and freethought organizations. Contrary to prevalent stereotypes, organized nonbelief is also associated with well-being and prosociality equivalent to that seen with organized religious belief. Notable areas of relative advantage for nonbelievers are in the domains of outgroup tol...
Ali Muhammad*, Muhammad Ayub
...glucoside such as oleourepean. Aim of this research work was to reduce the bitterness level of olive fruit by different treatment such as water, salt and lye solution which were coded as RW1, RW2 and RW3 respectively. During treatment process the bitter glucoside level such as oleourepean leached out from the fruits to the solvents by osmosis process which alters the composition of olive fruit. Phenolic compounds, ...
Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro*, Habib-Ur-Rehman Memon, Muhammad Ali Ansari, Ahmed Naqi Shah
...g summer 2010 and repeated during summer 2011 for validating the previous results. The experiments were laid out in three replicated randomized complete block design. The seed of cotton variety “Sindh-1” was sown through drilling in the 1st week of May each year. The treatments consisted of: weedy check (no weeding), interculturing twice (30+60 DAS), Dual Gold 960-EC (S-metolachlor) @ 2.50 L ha-1, sorghum water extracts @ 15 L h...
Shumaila Manzoor1, Afshan Ahmed1 and Muhammad Abubakar2*
... both ELISA and SNT. The peak immune response measured by SNT was 2.8log10 whereas ELISA detected serum antibody titer up to 2.4 log10. Findings showed that highest titers were seen in animals of age > 2 years i.e. 1.70 log10 (for serotype Asia 1), 1.99 log10 (for serotype A) and 1.53 log10 (for serotype O) in ELISA while in SNT, antibody titers were found to be 1.86 log10...
Corey McCal
...seeks to account for European secularization during the modern period. Unlike Hans Blumenberg, and, more recently, Charles Taylor, who tell the story of secularization as a process distinct from religious belief and religious institutions, Erdozain argues that the basis for secularization can be found in the religious ferment of modernity itself, beginning with the Protestant Reformation and extending through the first half of the nineteenth century. The book ...
Mohammad Taghi Karimi
...at of scoliosis. There appear that there are no major differences between full time and part time orthotic use in this deformity....
Monireh Ahmadi Bani1*, Mostafa Kamali2, Iman Borji3, Soheyla Aslani3, Francis Fatoye4
...using the Romberg test appear to be sensitive and accurate than one minute....
Haq Aman Ullah1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2 and Aqeel Javeed3
...es as recommended by European Communities. It is concluded that the concentrate available for goat feeding is having aflatoxin B1 and its concentration is higher than the permissible level. ...
Nazish Huma Khan*, Mohammad Nafees and Adila Bashir
...cted in orchard field of peach and comparative non-orchard field with an attempt to know about the soil and wheat crop contamination caused by heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Ni). Soil samples were collected from both orchard and non-orchard fields and were extracted with Aqua-regia and Mehlich-3 extracting solutions for total and available metals respectively. Wheat crops from both fields (orchard and non-orchard) were collected and analyzed with aqua-regia for heav...
Moustafa Kardjadj1, Pam Dachung Luka2
...d into the developed European borders. The small ruminants industry within an infected state or region is often disproportionately affected with its attending impact on poverty in what are already the poorest areas of the globe. PPR is considered to be a transboundary disease of great significance through its effect on the development and maintenance of sustainable agriculture in developing countries, most notably in Western Africa and South Asia. Here, we rev...
Ahmed Zein Mahmoud1, Muaz Abdellatif 2, 3*, Luai Shazali1
...bodies, whereas camels appeared to be seronegative. Based upon the seasonal variations in the antibodies detection, environment appeared to be a significant factor on the level of antibodies in the tested small ruminants population. Taken together, results indicate the seropositivity of PPRV in the region and warrant future large-scale surveillance studies to better assess the situation of the disease in the region....
Neil Levy
...ence, resulting in the appearance of AIs that are vastly superior to us cognitively – will or might occur in the relatively near future. Understandably, many are worried by this prospect. In this paper, I argue that we have less to fear from the singularity than many people think. Depending on how we define ‘singularity’, it is either less likely to occur, or it will likely occur in a form that is not threatening to us. I argue that the capac...
Neil Levy
...ence, resulting in the appearance of AIs that are vastly superior to us cognitively – will or might occur in the relatively near future. Understandably, many are worried by this prospect. In this paper, I argue that we have less to fear from the singularity than many people think. Depending on how we define ‘singularity’, it is either less likely to occur, or it will likely occur in a form that is not threatening to us. I argue that the capac...
Keyvan Sharifmoradi1*, Nader Farahpour2
...ion force and the second peak of vertical force. These subjects have to decrease their walking speed and increase their double limb support percentage to improve dynamic stability and decrease the magnitude of destabilizing forces. The mean values of propulsive component of anteroposterior force and the second peak of vertical ground reaction force decreased significantly due to performance of ankle joints plantar flexor whi...
Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahman1, Rokshana Parvin1, Ataur Rahman Bhuiyan1, Mohammad Giasuddin2, Shah Md. Ziqrul Haq Chowdhury3, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam1, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury1*
...n genetic analyses, it appeared that the N gene of PPRV is less conserved as compared to the F gene. Two unique amino acid substitutions (K423Q and E426G) were observed in Bangladeshi and Chinese isolates in the partial sequence of N protein.The recent Bangladeshi isolates are somewhat divergent from the earlier Bangladeshi isolate, indicating that the PPRV strains in Bangladesh are continuously changing their genetic character....
Murad Ali Khan and Mohammad Akmal
...during spring 2011 and repeated in spring 2012. The planting geometries were (a) 70 x 20 cm with rows spaced at 70 cm and plants spaced within the rows at 20 cm and (b) 90 x 15.5 cm with rows spaced at 90 cm and plants spaced within rows at 15.5 cm. It is important to mention here that 70 cm is the recommended row spacing used for sunflower crop in the region. Experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design, replicated four times. Results showed...
Umed Ali Laghari, Ahmed Naqi Shah, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro, Zia-ul-Hassan, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro and Khalid Hussain Talpur
...kistan, especially grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.). We evaluated K requirements of five elite grass pea genotypes in a field experiment. The experiment was organized in factorial block design with three replications. The study involved five commonly grown grass pea genotypes (Sel-B 111, Sel-449, Sel-190, Sel-1785 and Sel-945) and three K doses (0, 10 and 20 kg K ha-1). The results revealed...
Koksal Karadas1, Muhammad Tariq2, Mohammad Masood Tariq3* and Ecevit Eyduran4
Gerald E. Marsh
...ligence in particular, appears to have no meaning. This essay explores the epistemological basis of this lament....
Zuhao Huang1, Feiyun Tu2 and Dianhua Ke1*
...Interestingly, a 484bp repeated sequence appears in both CR and CCR. Genetic distance shows that the differences between M. v. viridis and M. v. americanus is higher than that M. v. viridis vs M. leschenaulti based on Cyt b gene. Morphology, geographical distribution and genetic data suggest the elevation of M. v. americanus to a full species Rufous-crowned Bee-eater M. americanus, s...
Metin Duru1*, Asuman Arslan Duru1, Köksal Karadaş2, Ecevit Eyduran3, Harun Cinli4 and Mohammad Masood Tariq5
Robina Karim and Dawood Jan
...nt declines; rather it appears largely static, suggesting Pakistan imports trade could not be benefited much by reductions in trade restrictions associated with the implementation of WTO in Pakistan domestic market. This stated analysis thus supports partial acceptance of hypothesis, which states that “Pakistan’s foreign trade is expected to be largely better off once WTO’s regime is fully implemented in Pakistan and rest of the world”....
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
... D. oviparasitica appeared to be the least efficient after 72 hours. The greatest numbers of cysts and eggs were found to be colonized with L. muscarium during microscopic observations. In the greenhouse experiment, L. muscarium had significant effects in reducing the nematode population in soil compared to the other treatments. In regard to the growth parameters, root and shoot growth (cm) were enhanced after the application of L. muscarium, followed by ...
Afzaal Ahmad Naseem1*, Maleeha Akram1, Sarwat Jahan2, Kiran Afshan2, Zubaria Iqbal1, Faheem Tahir3, Mazhar Qayyum1 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1
Ecevit Eyduran1, Daniel Zaborski2*, Abdul Waheed3, Senol Celik4, Koksal Karadas5 and Wilhelm Grzesiak2
Nighat Sultana1,2,*, Shazia Iftikhar1, Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif2 and Iffat Tahira2
...as per regulation of European commission (EU), i.e. 20ng/g and 10ng/g, respectively....
Asmaa Hamid1,* and Samia Kalsoom2
...et AIN-76-A, Kabuli chickpea HFD and Bengal gram HFD and were monitored for random blood glucose and weight for a period of six weeks. Another three groups of rats with induced hypercholesterolemia were fed the same diet as the diabetic rats and were monitored for total serum cholesterol. It was found that both Bengal gram and chickpea had a significant effect on lowering glucose level and total cholesterol of these experime...
Wang Tian1, Huayong Zhang1,*, Jian Zhang2, Lei Zhao1, Mingsheng Miao3 and Hai Huang1
... abundance and biomass appeared at the site which provides the maximum concentrations of nutrients. Zooplankton communities were more correlated to phytoplankton community biomass than environmental factors. Results of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that water temperature, Secchi disk depth (SD), total phosphorus and phytoplankton biomass were the most significant factors that influenced zooplankton. Strong correlations between SD and Brachio...
Fukuan Du1,2, Yan Li2, Zhixin Wen1, Ruguo Chen1 and Pao Xu2*
Ahmed Zein Mahmoud, Muaz Abdellatif and Ahmed Abdalla
...ies, year and location appeared to be having significant effect (p<0.01) on the frequency of circulating antibodies in the study. The results highlight that PPR in Hail is alarming and warrants mass vaccination along with appropriate control measures....
Zaffar Malik, Moazzam Jamil, Ghulam Hassan Abassi, Muhammmad Nafees, Muhammad Rafey and Muhammad Kamran
Yusuf Koc1, Ecevit Eyduran1* and Omer Akbulut2
Muhammad Arshad1*, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2*, Faisal Hafeez3, Ravaid Sherazi1 and Naeem Iqbal4
...icoryne brassicae L.;pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) was evaluated in the laboratory in no choice and free choice feeding assays. In the no choice feeding assay, the stages of beetle (adults, 3rd and 4th instar) consumed more aphids than early stages (1st and 2nd instar). In the free choice feeding assay, the consumption of pea aphid (77.647) was statistically hig...
Irshad Ahmad
...ion through IPM, which appears to be a promising approach for the control of walnut borer. Collectively this strategy has resulted in significant reduction of the pest population in the target area of district Dir, Pakistan.
...
Sameera Akhtar1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer1, Khushi Muhammad1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Muhammad Anees2, Imran Rashid1, Raza-ur-Rehman3 and Irshad Hussain1
...ed from an outbreak in a peacock flock was undertaken. Proteolytic cleavage site of F0 showed a cleavage motif (112RRQKR↓F117), representative of a velogenic serotype. Moreover, based on F and HN gene nucleotide sequence analysis, the isolate clustered as genotype VII closely associated to those reported from Indonesia. Further sequence analysis of hyper-variable region within F gene revealed its clustering to sub-genotype...
Yaoguo Li1,2 and Maoxian He1*
...evel and growth traits inpearl oyster, Pinctada fucata (P. fucata). The incidence of type II locus (hemi-methylation locus) was significantly correlated with the shell height and the shell length, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.204 and 0.233, separately. The incidence of type IV locus (super methylated locus) on the other hand was significantly correlated with the shell length, with
Amjad Islam Aqib1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Riaz Hussain3, Saba Sana2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Kashif Hussain1 and Syed Saleem Ahmad1
Jun Cui, Xiaoxu Zhou, Zhicheng Wang, Derong Kong, Xuemei Qiu, Hongdi Wang and Xiuli Wang*
...s three hemopexin-like repeats (E-value < 0.05). The crucian carp Wap65 was mainly expressed in liver, with limited expression observed in intestine, skeletal muscle and kidney. CcWap65 was significantly up-regulated in the liver of crucian carp after heat stress, suggesting that increase in Wap65 gene may be related to high water temperature stress and play important roles in high water temperature environment of crucian carp.
...
Fazal Said1,Mian Inayatullah2 and Hussain Ali3*
...A. florea showed two peaks of visitation between 1400 to 1600 h. First peak (15 honeybee/3 m2) was recorded at 1600 h, whereas second peak (12 bees) was recorded at 1400 h. Lowest visitation rate of both species was noticed during evening after 1800 h. High frequency of both speciesfound engaged in foraging during 20th and 25th day after initiation of b...
Nagwan F. Zahran, Ali F. Hamza and Rehab M. Sayed*
... grown male pupae of the peach or guava fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata were irradiated with sterilizing and substerilizing doses of gamma radiation. The effect of gamma rays on the DNA patterns of adult males showed alterations from the control. Exposure to radiation caused very frequently the appearance of some extra bands and the deficiency of others in the RAPD-PCR amplification patterns of the irradiated insects.&nb...
Mingqin Shao1*, Bin Chen1, Peng Cui2, Binbin Zeng1 and Jianhong Jiang1
...plusmn; 5 individuals) appeared at 16:00–17:00, and the smallest at 08:00–09:00 (2.6 ± 1.12 individuals), similar results obtained between December 2015 and March 2016, which was related to the daily habits of this species, such as dispersed foraging, collective maintenance and rest. Group size peaked in February (5.07 ± 4.166 individuals) and was smallest (2.91 ± 1.354 individuals) in Decemb...
Abdul Aziz Khan1,*, Shahid Munir2 and Irfan Ahmed2
...mptotically and attained peak on the 7th night. The bait in-take, external and internal pathological symptoms were similar as has been described for warfarin and brodifacoum. The bleeding period ranged from 8.06 to 12.94 nights with 13% variation in time. Based upon the total consumption of coumatetralyl bait, 400-450 wild boars were estimated as killed during the operation. The results of the study showed that coumatetralyl is a promising and poten...
Muhammad Qadir Ahmad¹*, Farheen Ashraf Raza¹, Abdul Qayyum¹, Waqas Malik¹, Rao Wali Muhammad2, Muhammad Asif Saleem1, Amir Hamza2, Ahmad Baksh Mahar3
Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty
Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
... becoming frequent and appearing even in new regions, previously free from such diseases. Techniques for geminivirus detection include biological indexing, electron microscopy, antibody-based detection, including ELISA, nucleic acid hybridizations like dot blot, squash blot and Southern blot techniques, polymerase chain reaction and other DNA polymerase-mediated assays, and microarray detection. Of these, microarray detection provides the greatest capability f...
Neerja Agrawal, Mukesh Srivastava, Akhilesh Tripathi and Amrendra Singh
Survey and monitoring of pests, parasites and predators of pulse crops in central and eastern Uttar Pradesh
...ey was conducted in chickpea, pigeonpea and lentil crops in different districts of Uttar Pradesh.Atotal of 22 districts were surveyed to record gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera, Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua, plant hopper of Pentatomorpha group, termite Odontotermes spp, and cut worm Agrotis ipsilon in chickpea whereas Campoletis chlorlidae was recorded as natural enemy fe...
Sitansu Pan, Surojit Khalko and Amrita Das
Effect of some fungicides on seed mycoflora, germination, viability and their persistence in treated seeds
... in vitro. The highest appearance of pathogens viz.,Alternaria alternata was recorded in seeds of mungbean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.), A. brassicae in mustard (Brassica campestris L.) and Drechslera oryzae in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Propineb 70WP and prochloraz 45EC considerably reduced the appearance of A. alternata and flusilazole 40EC reduced Fusarium sp.in mungbean seed than untreated control.Amarked reduction in populatio...
M. D. Maji, N.K.Das, S. Chatterjee, A. Ghosh and A.K. Bajpai
Forecasting models of bacterial leaf spot disease of mulberry for Birbhum district of West Bengal
...district.BLS incidence appeared in May and continued up to November. The correlation coefficient between disease severity and meteorological parameters revealed that BLS disease severity showed significant positive correlation with max & min temperatures, min relative humidity, rainfall and number of rainy days. Step down multiple regression analysis revealed that the forecasting of BLS could best be done from min temp, minimum relative humidity and number...
1N. Johnson Singh, 2Amitava Konar and 3Palash Mondal
Incidence of aphids in different traps on potato in Gangetic plains of West Bengal
...y increased to reach the peak in second week of February in the first year of study (2006-07) while in second year of study (2007-08) the aphid population appeared in second week of December and attained its peak by the end of February. The abiotic factors viz., temperature (maximum & minimum), relative humidity% (maximum & minimum) and bright sunshine hour had significant effect o...
1Bikash Ranjan Ray and 2Mrinal Kanti Dasgupta
Management of root holoparasite Aeginetia pedunculata of (Orobanchaceae), causing wilt of sugarcane by trap and catch crops
....), maize (Zea mays L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides Staph. & Hubbard.), italian millet (Setaria italica (L.) Breauv.), black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.), dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata (Willd.) Pers.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), jute (Corchorus olitorius L.), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were found effective as trap crops for their ability to germinate the seed of A. p...
Bijan Kumar Das
Incidence of Aleurocanthus spp. (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) on betelvine (Piper betle L.) and their interaction with host plants
...ughout the year with two peaks, one in pre-monsoon and another in post-monsoon i.e., period prior initiation of winter season. During the faunastic survey in betelvine, a new species of Aleurocanthus (description under process) was recorded from West Bengal. This had also been found to occur on Piper longum L. Another species, A. nubilance (Buckton) which was recorded on betelvine in Bangladesh during 1900, was not recorded in this area. Detection of host resi...
K.N. Ahmed , M.A. Al-Helal, N-E-P. Khanom, S. Bulbul
Control strategies of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink infesting vegetable crops in Bangladesh
...d inedible. The damage appeared to be in the range between 70 and 95 per cent. Generally young plants die due to heavy infestation and colony formation of the mealybug. P. marginatus is a polyphagous pest attacking several agricultural, horticultural crops, ornamental plants and weeds of economic value. The papaya mealybug feeds on the sap of the plants by inserting its stylets into the epidermis of the leaf as well as into the fruit and stem. In doing so, it ...
Sitansu Pan and Amrita Das
Control of cowpea (Vigna sinensis) root and collar rot (Rhizoctonia solani) with some organic formulations of Trichoderma harzianum under field condition
...text-align: justify;">Cowpea (Vigna sinensis) has been considered as an important legume fodder and green manure crop during pre-kharif and kharif season. It has been considered even better in performance than maize. In some parts of India it is also used as green vegetable and pulse. The crop is known to suffer from a variety of diseases. Among those root rot and collar rot are important and R. solani has been an important factor behind these two main disease...
Sunita J. Magar and D.D. Nirmal
Effect of plant spacings and cultivars on spread of Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) disease
...dicated that the first appearance of symptom was earlier in cv. Local and late in cv. Parbhani Kranti. The rate of infection was higher at 45 to 60 days after sowing in both kharif and summer while in cv. Local it was higher at 30 to 45 days after sowing. Less infection rate was observed at 30 to 45 days after sowing in closer plant spacing 30 x 30 cm in both kharif and summer seasons also the minimum infection rate throughout its growth period was observed in...
Amitava Konar, Kiran A. More and Pradip Mondal
Efficacy of some insecticides against cutworm and molecricket of potato in West Bengal
... @ 2.5ml/L of water on appearance of pest (T5) was found most effective in decreasing the incidence of cutworm and molecricket followed by soil treatment at planting with phorate 10 G @15kg ha-1 with addition drenching the ridges with imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.004% (2ml/10L of water) on the occurrence of the pest (T6 ) than other treatments as well as control. Both the treatments (T5 and T6) were more or less equally effective to decrease the incidence of cutwo...
A. Regupathy and R. Ayyasamy
Initiatives of papain industry by private-public-farmer link-ages in classical biocontrol program for papaya mealybug in Tamil Nadu
...oduction. The need for repeated application of insecticides and dearth of labour for application of insecticides made it difficult for the farmers to maintain the crop and forced many farmers to even abandon papaya crop cultivation altogether. Considering the drastic reduction in the wet latex supply, SPFP has taken up series of initiatives which are summarized in this paper. Initially, a survey made in more than 80 farmers holdings supplying wet latex to the ...
S.K. Sahoo
Incidence and management of mustard aphid (Lipaphis ery-simi Kaltenbach) in West Bengal
...l (India). The natural appearances of the aphid on the yellow sarson variety, Binoy (B-9) was observed from 52nd standard week, with the peak population on 6th standard week and the aphid disappeared after 10th standard week. Among the different chemical insecticides evaluated for their bio-efficacy against L. erysimi, Dimethoate 30EC and Oxydemeton-methyl 25EC were proved to be more effec...
Goutam Samui and Shantanu Jha
Branch gall of mango (Oligotrophus mangiferae Keiffer) its bioecology and management
...e Keiffer has recently appeared in serious proportion in the major mango growing districts of West Bengal, India. The present study had been taken up regarding the biology, population dynamics and management of this pest. Branch gall is a univoltine species. Emergence of adults from gall could be found from 2nd week of February, which continued up to 2nd week of March. Incubation, larval and pupal period lasted for 3-5 days, 315 days and 30-45 days, respective...
A.A. Oyerinde, P.Z. Chuwang, P.Z. and G.T. Oyerinde
Evaluation of the effects of climate change on increased in-cidence of cowpea pests in Nigeria
...sects associated with cowpea production in the region. The result showed an increase in the number of taxa encountered on the cowpea field from 21 to 31 orders of insect in the 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons, respectively. Also, no significant difference was established in the forms of destructions recorded at the various growth stages of the cowpea plant in the two seasons. Therefore the ...
A. Sajeena and T. Marimuthu
Efficacy, stability and persistence of Ganosol, a Ganoderma based fungicide against plant pathogens
...urprisingly, spraying cowpea plants with the formulation as simultaneous spray reduced the number of lesions produced by Groundnut Bud Necrosis virus in cowpea by 88.39% when compared to the inoculated control, suggesting the antiviral potential of the formulation. ...
S. Patra, V.W. Dhote, SK F. Alam, B.C. Das, M.L. Chatterjee and A. Samanta
Population dynamics of major insect pests and their natural enemies on cabbage under new alluvial zone of West Bengal
...abbage aphid reached its peak on 9th February (14.17 aphids/inch2 leaf) and 16th February (11.03 aphids/inch2 leaf) of 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively. Highest parasitized larvae of diamond back moth by Cotesia plutellae were found on 15th and 8th March with 10.42 and 10.50% larval parasitisation during both the seasons, respectively, whereas maximum coccinellid was observed on 23rd February of 2011-12 and 2012-13 crop seasons with 11.67 and 9.67 coccinellid...
D.K. Hazra, Megha Pant, S.K. Raza and P. K. Patanjali
Formulation technology: key parameters for food safety with respect to agrochemicals use in crop protection
...reased in dose rate or repeated applications to get desired bioefficacy which lead to accumulation of pesticide residues in food commodities along with environmental pollution. Conventional formulations, because of their characteristics i.e. dustiness and use of volatile organic solvents in their preparation maximize several problems like health haz-ards and environmental pollution etc. With the increasing awareness of toxic effects of conventional formulation...
Dinesh Kachhawa and Sahidur Rahman
Factors influencing incidence of red spider mite of tea, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) in Assam
... egg number to reach the peak population in the month of April. From April to June overall higher population of eggs/leaf was noticed. Afterwards sharp decline in number of eggs was noticed during July and August. Again population of eggs was increased during September and October. Very minimum population of eggs was observed from Novem-ber to January. Population of eggs was started increasing again from 1st week of February to March. Results of the present st...
Goutam Samui and S. Jha
Biology, seasonal incidence and management of Apsylla cistellata Bucton. on mango in West Bengal
...nflorescence properly. Repeated spraying without proper knowledge on the life cycle did not give good result in managing the pest. Hence, application of insecticides had to be synchronized with the emergence of nymphs. To manage the shoot gall psylla, mechanical control (Pruning) and insecticidal control measure were taken up in the district of Murshidabad. In mechanical control, both pruning of 15 cm and 30 cm of affected shoots resulted in the formation of l...
Someshwar Bhagat and Sitansu Pan
Comparative ecological behaviour of some pre- and post-tsunami isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride from Andaman & Nicobar Islands
... in rhizosphere of chick pea seedlings. All isolates of Trichoderma showed significantlty low competitive parasitic ability and rhizosphere colonization in Mohanpur (B.C.KV.) soil as compared to Port Blair (CARI) soil.
...
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Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta
Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
...ted area but not for the peasant farming or the pest complex ridden unaided agriculture as in India. PA is not about an abstract of characterization. The specific values indicating variations in population at exact grids and helping the individual farmer in decision-making in pest management at varied pesticide doses depending on varied soil pest population intensity and spatial distribution. Often it ends up in reducing the quantum of a pesticide threatened w...
T. P. Ghosh, D. Mandal, S. Laha and M. K. Dasgupta
Dynamics and severity model in managing fungal diseases
...as soon as the disease appears in one case, and when some intensity has been achieved in all other cases. Where validated this approach may be a useful tool in plant protection, especially supervisory management and appropriate IPM.
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K. K. Hegde and B. S. Nandihalli
Bioefficacy of some indigenous products in the management of okra fruit borers
...and untreated control. Repeated sprays of GCKE recorded least number of eggs (1.40 eggs/plant) followed by NSKE (5%) alternated with cow dung 10 per cent (1.71 eggs/plant). Repeated sprays of cow dung and cow urine used individually were not effective against the borers and recorded higher fruit damage of 55.70 and 52.10 per cent, respectively. GCKE was significantly superior in reducing the fruit borer damage to the tune of...
S. Choudhury and S. Pal
Population dynamics of mustard aphid on different Brassica cultivars under terai agro-ecological conditions of West Bengal
...imi) population attained peak level from 7th to 9th standard week. The correlation coefficients between aphid population and different abiotic factors revealed contradictory results. Except for a few instances the weather parameters showed low order of associations with aphid population. Thus, the ecological factors exhibited little impact on the population build up of mustard aphid. The degree of infestation and the rates of population change of the aphids on...
Bao-Ming Ge* Dai-Zhen Zhang, Qiu-Ning Liu, Sen-Hao Jiang, Jun Cui, Chun-Lin Zhou and Bo-Ping Tang
Obaidullah1, Zafar Ali Shah1* and Sami Ullah2
...he UV spectrum confirmed peaks at 415 nm and 560 nm for silver and copper nanoparticles, respectively. FTIR spectrum also positively identified the nanoparticle synthesis. Assessment by SEM revealed that the size of silver and copper nanoparticle were 6 nm and 30 nm, respectively using ImageJ software. Lapachol, copper and silver salts along with their synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for their antibacterial study against Staphylococcus. aureas, Escher...
Mahmoud Said1*, Abd El Satar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2* and Hussein A. Hussein2
...5.1 to 0.4 log2 and disappeared with in a month. While MDA for NDV remained 2.1 log2 until 28th day of age, the Geometric mean titers (GMT) for H5 were increased from the 7th day of age using both antigens (RE-5 antigen) and (S75/Egy/2015 antigen). Generally, GMT post-challenge was increased as the chicks overcome the infections. In conclusion, our results indicate that vaccination at 5th day old with baculovirus H5+ND inactivated vaccine can interfere with MD...
Viram Kumar1,*, Moolchand Malhi1, Saeed Ahmed Soomro1, Toufique Ahmed Qureshi2, Muhammad Nawaz Sanjrani3 and Khushal Das Malhi1
... in the wild Indian blue peafowl (Pavo cristatus) of Thar (desert) region in the Sindh province of Pakistan. A total of 60 blood samples were collected from peafowl (30 males and 30 female) in months of March and April, 2015. The gender difference showed that RBC, MCV and MCH concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) and the serum total protein and Mg concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) ...
Ayesha Ilyas1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,* and Abdul Qadir1,*
...ulensis) against the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), at 2% concentration in a free choice bioassays. Acetone, chloroform, petroleum ether and ethanol were used for extraction from leaves. Amongst the various treatments applied, the acetone extract of D. alba showed the highest repellency of 84.14%, whereas, the lowest repellency of 10.73% was observed by the chloroform extract of T. peruviana. Significant ovipositional d...
Predicting Honey Production using Data Mining and Artificial Neural Network Algorithms in Apiculture
Koksal Karadas1* and Ibrahim Hakki Kadırhanogullari2
Niamatullah Khan1*, Najeeb Ullah2, Inam Ullah2 and Asif Imran Shah1
...ot design having three repeats. Sowing dates; March 15, April 01, April 15, May 01, May 15 and June 01 were kept in main plots while sub plot contained seven cotton varieties (CIM-600, CIM-616, CIM-622, CRIS-641, DNH-105, DNH-40 and DNH-57). Results indicated that earlier sowing produced extra vegetative growth rather than seed cotton yield while late planting induced flowering and boll formation when temperature was much cold that adversely affected cotton yi...
Shuangye Wang1, Yunlin Zhao1, Zhenggang Xu1,2,*, Li Li3, Liang Wu1, Choucang Duan1 and Jiao Peng1
...quencies was consistent, peaks occurred after 14:00 hours when the frequency was the highest. Moving behaviour was split into a non-behaviour period, fluctuation period, low-ebb period, and peak period. Vigilant behaviour was influenced by external factors, and peaks appeared suddenly after the disturbance occurred. Resting behaviour occupied most of the...
Yijin He1, Song Ma2, Bo Liu1,*, Ting Xue1, Qunlan Zhou1, Wu Jin1 and Kui Chen2,*
.../i> in various tissues appeared differentially expressed. The results showed T2R1 were expressed in gill, spleen, heart, lips, skin and tongue tissue, suggesting that it is not only act as taste receptors, but also play other possible functions. Furthermore, the cloning and expression analysis of T2R1 provide theoretical basis to further study function of T2R1 for T. fasciatus.
...
Ali Karabacak1, Senol Celik2, Adile Tatliyer3, Ismail Keskin1, Yakup Erdal Erturk4, Ecevit Eyduran5, Yasir Javed6 and Mohammad Masood Tariq7,*
Sumit K. Satpathi1, Suprakash Pal2*, Rupsanatan Mandal2, Nonigopal Shit2 and Ashutosh Sarkar3
...major insect-pests of cowpea in comparison to conventional pesticide based pest management modules. The pesticide based management modules proved better as compared to the biopesticide based modules in managing the attack of sucking pests and pod borer of cowpea. The pesticide based IPM-II module resulted in the highest per cent reduction of pod borer population (91.17%) and the highest pod yield (9.85 t/ha). The IPM and bio...
Wanchao Zhu1, Qinguo Wei1, Shuyu Xue1, Huanxin Zhang2, Tianshu Lv1 and Honghai Zhang1,*
...f sequences containing repeats (FIASCO) from them in this study. The primers designed by Primer Premier 5.0 based on conservative regions were tested on 22 individuals. Our results demonstrated that the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to five and the mean number of alleles was 3.67. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.227 to 0.545 and 0.201 to 0.630, respectively. The polymorphic information content value ranged from 0.181 to 0...
Shabana1,*, Farah Ehsan1 and Shahida Hasnain1,2
...ion, Gly482Ser variant appears to be significantly associated with diabetes in Pakistani population. The variant appeared to exert its effect by changing serum fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol and LDLC levels.
...
Syed Tanveer Shah* and Muhammad Sajid
...the post harvest life of peach. The research was laid out in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) Design with three factors replicated three times. Peach fruit trees at berry stage were sprayed with three sources of calcium (calcium chloride, calcium nitrate and calcium sulphate) at three calcium concentrations (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) stored for 30 days at 10 days interval. The experimental results showed that calcium sources, conce...
Carolina Torres Alejo1,2, Laila Andreia Rodrigues Beserra1,2, Paulo Eduardo Brandão1,2, Luis Ramiro Luna Espinoza1,2 and Fabio Gregori1,2*
...ine pools (29/59; 49%) appeared positive for AAstV, 6 pools (6/59; 10%) were positive for RVD, forty-three pools (43/59; 72.8%) were positive for ACoV, and twenty-four pools (24/59; 40.67%) presented concomitant viral infections of two or three investigated agents. The relative high frequency of occurrence of the studied viruses both in single or concomitant infection emphasizes the need for continued monitoring of poultry flocks to better understand its epide...
Shahid Hussain Farooqi1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Oneeb2, Amjad Khan3, Amjad Islam Aqib1 and Shakeel Mahmood4
Aqsa Qayyum1*, Masooma Munir1, Saeeda Raza1, Mussarat Gillani1, Saima Kanwal1, Nouman Rashid1, Amer Mumtaz1, Naeem Safdar1, Zarmina Gillani2
...ituting wheat flour with pea flour at different levels and to check its suitability in biscuits through its rheological and qualitative study. Results indicated rheological parameters including water absorption, dough development time, dough stability, gluten content and falling no. values differed significantly (p < 0.01) among all the treatments of composite flour. Wet and dry gluten content decreased from 22.16 ± 1.58 % (T0) to 16.43 &p...
Lucas Pedroso Colvero1, Paulo Eduardo Brandão2*, Cesar Alejandro Rodriguez Rosales2, Hanny Swam3 and Laura Yaneth Buitrago Villarreal1
...a highly heterogeneous appearance. Birds vaccinated with vaccine A showed mean ELISA antibody S/P ratios from 0.099 to 0.995 between weeks 2 and 6 post-vaccination against IBV antigen, while for vaccine B group mean S/P ratio dropped to 0.550 at week 6. Virus neutralization test showed that birds vaccinated with vaccine A showed neutralizing antibodies against IBV Massachusetts, 4/91, D274 and Qx types, while titers for vaccine B were not detected, suggesting ...
Attaullah Ansari* and Nasreen Memon
Amjad Ali1*, Sher Aslam Khan2, Abid Farid2, Ayub khan2, Shah Masaud Khan2 and Naushad Ali2
...ad sense heritability (repeatability), genetic gain and correlations among the parameters, and establish selection criteria.Highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) differences were found among the genotypes for number of tillers, plant height, cane length,number of nodes, internodes length,number of millablecane and cane yield while non-significant differences were recorded for cane diameter. The effect of genotype and crop interaction was highly significant fornumbe...
Xue-yang Wang1, Shang-zhi Zhang1, Ming-hui Liu2, Dong Yu1, Yan Ma1, Dong-qiong Fei1, Hai-zhong Yu1 and Jia-ping Xu1,*
...v>...
Tahira*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan and Mubashar Ahmad Khan
...wn in a RCBD with four repeats at NARC, Islamabad during the cropping season 2014 and 2015. Cluster analysis based on WARD’s method showed considerable genetic variation among the hybrids. In the first year, thirty- six Brassica hybrids were grouped into thirteen clusters. Cluster-IV comprised of maximum number of hybrids (six). The clusters mean and standard deviation marked that hybrid in Cluster XI (CRH-80) was short durational and high yielding mainl...
Tahira Perveen1,*, Shaista Emad1, Saara Ahmad2, Zehra Batool1, Sarwat Yousuf1, Sheeza Sheikh1, Sara Qadeer1 and Saida Haider1
... was monitored weekly. Repeated administration of fennel oil for 3 weeks showed significant antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in FST and EPM, respectively which were comparable to fluoxetine treated group. A significant increased cholesterol levels were observed in fluoxetine treated rats which was not observed in fennel oil treated rats. Therefore, repeated administration of fennel oil may exert antidepressive- an...
Muhammad Anas1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2*, Raza Ullah1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Sohail Latif5
...r unit area. Sunflower appeared to be dominant crop as was indicated by its higher values of competitive ratio and positive sign of aggressivity. However, on the basis of land equivalent ratio, maximum yield advantage was recorded in in 4 sunflower plants m-2 + 30 mungbean plants m-2 intercropping system. These results suggested that farmers may adopt 6 sunflower plants m-2 + 30 mungbean plants m-2 in intercropping system for increased productivity and economi...
Imran Ali Rajput1*, Tajwer Sultana Syed1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Imran Khatri1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2
...sticides need to spray repeatedly. The present study suggested that these bio-extracts are useful in controlling the pest problem without destroying the natural enemies and environmental hazards. ...
Riaz Alam* and Muhammad Sajid
...f days (47.94) to root appearance, produced more rooting percentage (38.89%), number of roots (4.31), root length (4.61 cm) and root weight (1.77g) with more number of re-sprouts (3.18) and shoot length (5.28 cm). The time intervals of air layering also significantly influenced the rooting and growth attributes of olive cultivars. Mid August, proved to be the most favorable time for air-layering in terms of rooting percentage (42.40%), number of root (4.37), r...
Quang Minh Dinh
...ere were two recruitment peaks in May and October, and relative yield-per-recruit and biomass-per-recruit analyses gave Emax = 0.735, E0.1 = 0.656 and E0.5 = 0.384. This gobiid could be potential for future aquaculture due to high growth parameter. The goby stock was subjected to overexploitation so that the mesh size of deep gill nets should be increased and avoiding catch fish during the recruitment perio...
İbrahim Aytekin1,*, Ecevit Eyduran2, Koksal Karadas3, Rifat Akşahan4 and İsmail Keskin1
Fatima Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3, Fouzia Tabbsum3, Javed Iqbal Qazi3
...ric acid pretreatment of peanut shells as substrate for the production of cellulose enzyme using Box-Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. The pretreatment of substrate was conducted through Box- Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. Three factors with three levels such as H2SO4 conc. (0.6, 0.8, 1%), substrate conc. (5, 10, 15%) and residence time (4, 6, 8h) were employed for pretreatment with and without autoclaving at 121oC for 15 min. Th...
Malak Atiq Ullah Khan* and Fida Mohammad
...4862 kg ha-1) and thus appeared as leading genotype for yield and production traits. Similarly, G-79 had higher grain yield in all test environments except E-03 i.e. E-01 (4537 kg ha-1); E-02 (4840 kg ha-1); E-04 (5035 kg ha-1); E-05 (4976 kg ha-1); E-06 (4797 kg ha-1); E-07 (5024 kg ha-1); E-08 (4767 kg ha-1); E-09 (4886 kg ha-1) signifying it as high yielding and widely adaptable genotype. However, G-08 with higher grain yield in E-01 (5272 kg ha-1) and E-07...
Yakut Gevrekçi* and Çiğdem Takma
...onse variable (EP). The Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients among all predictor variables were significantly changed from 0.88 to -0.65. Age of sexual maturity was found the most predictor variable that affecting EP and it was followed by hatching period. Lower values for goodness of fit criteria were obtained by CHAID algorithm, indicating that this algorithm fits better. Regression tree analysis displayed visual information about the relations amon...
Ozgur Altan*
...arus aurata) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) produced by aquaculture into a raw material that can be used in fish feed ingredient by means of a system called flash dryer has been researched. Before being subjected to drying and grinding in the flash dryer system, the FBP have been passed through the press and decanter, and it has been endeavored to separate the liquid part to the extent possible and to store them separately. At the end ...
Yunjun Yan, Zhenming Lü, Tianming Wang, Yongjiu Chen, Jingwen Yang, Baoying Guo, Lihua Jiang, Changwen Wu and Liqin Liu*
...cases where tRNA genes appear to overlap. The LNCR of O. dollfusi was 926 nucleotides and no repeated sequences were found in this LNCR. Phylogenetic analysis of 24 cephalopoda species based on the complete mitochondrial genome showed that the O. dollfusi is most closely related to Amphioctopus aegina. These results seems to support the recent notion that O. dollfusi should be considered as...
Saara Ahmad1,*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Saida Haider3, Zehra Batool3, Fatima Ahmed4, Saiqa Tabassum3,6, Syeda Madiha3, Tahira Perveen3 and Saad Bilal Ahmed5
...ken meat consumption has peaked current days due to its incredible taste and low cost. However, to meet the increasing demand the chickens are reared commercially through feeds and battery cages allowing maximum weight gain and growth in considerably less time. The constituents that are fed to chickens concentrate in the flesh and bring deleterious health outcomes on the consumers. The ill effects account for hyper-lipidemias and imbalance in the steroidal sex...
George L. Murphy
...ropic principle, I appeal to a theanthropic one. It is God who created the cosmos so that flesh would evolve for the Word to become flesh, and to unite all things in that incarnate Word.
...
Francisco J. Ayala
...cussion. Scientifically speaking, we can perceive design in nature without a designer. On the one hand, there is purpose in nature. Human eyes have a purpose, namely, to see. Teleological explanations are required in biology for (1) goal oriented behavior; (2) self-regulating systems; and (3) the function of organs and limbs. On the other hand, the natural history of evolution does not require a Creator or a planning agent external to the organisms themselves....
Jo Ik-Hwan1, Choi Kwang-Won1 and Muhammad Fiaz2,*
...hairy vetch and rye with pea) and 4 sub-plots (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha). Findings showed if rye was mixed cropped with hairy vetch, dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield was not different (P>0.05) from control, whereas rye-vetch mixture had increased (P<0.05) crude protein (CP) yield and carrying capacity for Hanwoo heifers than that of rye monoculture. DM and TDN yield under 100 kg manure was higher (P<0.05) than control and 50...
Tasleem Akhtar*, Muhammad Asif Aziz, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Sheraz Ahmedand Imran Bodlah
Senol Celik1,* and Orhan Yilmaz2
...er, the MARS algorithm appeared to be efficient compared to CART algorithm since the MARS algorithm’s goodness-of-fit criteria yielded better results. Using MARS algorithm, the body weight of animals (dogs) can be predicted and exploited in different performances.
...
Meghan Griffith
...wledge and determinism appear throughout the book, typically when Fischer is defending incompatibilist arguments regarding foreknowledge and freedom to do otherwise (i.e., alternatives). But in an intriguing discussion in the introductory chapter, Fischer draws a comparison between determinism and foreknowledge with respect to moral responsibility, arguing that, like determinism, foreknowledge is compatible with our having it. Thus, he offers a parallel...
David P. Hunt
...r papers, and six that appeared just within the last eight years. It also opens with a substantial overview, itself worth the price of admission, written specially for the book.
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