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Sandeep Satapathy and Rupam Ghosh

...g several intracellular processes that come into action to bring out the viral clearance. The shuttling of HDAC6 takes place from nucleus to cytoplasm and vice versa controlling the overexpression of IFN-beta and ISGs which subsequently triggers virus specific immune response.

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Aradhana Chopra1, Ravi Shukla2 and Tarun Kumar Sharma2,3*

...h an in vitro evolution process called SELEX. These single stranded nucleic acid aptamers can acquire various secondary and tertiary structures to bind their cognate targets with high affinity and specificity. The ease in synthesis and modification makes them an attractive candidate for a variety of applications. Since the last decade, aptamers have been regarded as an emerging player in biology. They have found applications not only in biosensors, but also in...

Maureen McKeague1, Maria C. DeRosa2*

...h an in vitro evolution process called SELEX. The selection of aptamers with optimal specificity and high affinity remains a challenge, leading to the recent emergence of elegant new approaches and tools for SELEX. In this commentary, we discuss recent advancements in the selection of aptamers.

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Stephen Suleyman Schwartz

...mmentary on the French atrocities by rejecting the claim that extremism and terror are not aspects of Islamic history. To declare, as even French president Francois Hollande did, “these terrorists and fanatics... have nothing to do with the Muslim religion” is inaccurate.

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Michael Shermer

...>
A. “Moses rocks!”
B. “Jesus saves!”
C. “Vishnu lives!”
D. “Buddha avenged!” E. “Atheists rule!”
F. “Allahu Akbar!”

...

Nayle Maria Oliveira da Silva1*, Ricardo do Carmo Zanella2

 

...parenchyma inflammatory process that may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Viral clearance occurs in a minority of patients with viral hepatitis C, whereas chronic infection is established in 60 to 80% of all cases, 20 to 40% of which may evolve to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Genetic differences among infected hosts can determine the progression and outcome of the virus infection, causing different individuals to respond in different ways to the vi...

Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Isreal Ogunlade1, Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde2

...entele in the extension process. 

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Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi

...unnatural psychological processes, and the resulting concepts are beyond the reach of most. It is not surprising that religion has been around for possibly more than 100,000 years, while academic research is a recent historical development. Over the past century, individuals who make academic research their life’s work have been themselves the subject of academic studies which looked at their social origins, conscious ideals, beliefs, and psychological t...

Marcus Mann

... implications to a word processor. What started as an itch evolved into his first book, The End of Faith: a scathing indictment of religion, which in his opinion, was an impetus just as effective and real as the jet engines that propelled the terrorists’ weapons of choice to their targets. The End of Faith was the first of four polemics that have come to symbolize what is now known as “The New Atheism,” a term meant to encapsulate a 21st cent...

Ali Muhammad*, Muhammad Ayub

...ively. During treatment process the bitter glucoside level such as oleourepean leached out from the fruits to the solvents by osmosis process which alters the composition of olive fruit. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins which are the major components of olive fruits degrades significantly during four weeks of treatment process. Results showed that during brine...

Gultaj Hussain1, Abdur Rahman1*, Tariq Hussain2, Siraj Uddin1, Tariq Ali3

E-mail | [email protected]

... Pakistan. Samples were processed and analyzed for TVC of E. coli and S. typhymurium at 0, 48, 144 and 288hrs during 12 days of meat samples refrig- eration storage at 4±1 °C. The pH of meat samples were checked and recorded on similar intervals. During 12 days storage, significant reductions (i.e. P <0.05) were found in both E. coli O157: H7 and S. typhymurium growth when exposed to these treatments. Results revealed that levels of citric and la...

Brittany D. Rife 1,2, Marco Salemi 1,2*

E-mail | [email protected]

...ng epidemiological processes through the reconstruction of evolutionary history and spatial dissemination of pathogens. Infection of a single host can be viewed similarly as an epidemic spread on a microscale, creating a unique opportunity for the application of phylogeography at the intra-host level, which has until recently been limited by dataset quality and the lack of a rigorous statistical framework. As recently described in stud...

Rick Repetti

...uddhism sees the entire process that begins with beliefs and desires and culminates in actions as an ultimately impersonal, agentless process, Buddhism is nonetheless capable of formulating the diametrical opposite of Strawson’s impossibilism and Pereboom’s hard incompatibilism, what I call possibilism or soft compatibilism, the view that free choices and actions can emerge from conditioned or...

Youssef Lhor1*, Mounir Khayli1, Mohamed Bouslikhane2, Mehdi El Harrak3, Ouafaa Fassi Fihri2

Email: [email protected]

... 2009 to March 2010 in Morocco. In order to assess the implementation of integrated control measures and disease risk analysis, this entomological survey was performed on the risk of transmission of bluetongue virus (BTV) and identification of the main breeding sites of Culicoides. From April 2009 to March 2010, the study was carried out at 14 sites distributed across the country. Results indicated that the two most abundant Culicoides spec...

 Shubhada K Chothe, Bhushan M Jayarao and Suresh V Kuchipudi

...ogical and pathological processes. There is a strong evidence to suggest the association of differential regulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to a number of disease processes including viral infections. Cellular and virus encoded lncRNAs are emerging as novel regulatory factors which can escape the anti-protein environment in the virus infected cells and are likely to be conserved across the species. Here, we summarize our...

Mushtaq Ahmad1*, Habib Akbar1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Muhammad Jamal Khan Khattak2 and Abdul Bari3

...wed highest germination process and gave better yield production. Mean maximum leaf area plant-1 (170.49 cm2), leaf area index (6.77), root length (35.50 cm) and root weight plant-1 (0.98 kg-1) were recorded in sugar beet planted at 2 cm depth. Nitrogen band placement method significantly affected growth and yield related attributes of sugar beet. Mean maximum leaf area plant-1 (173.32 cm2), leaf area index (6.68), root length (36.50 cm), root weight plant-1 (...

Corey McCal

... of secularization as a process distinct from religious belief and religious institutions, Erdozain argues that the basis for secularization can be found in the religious ferment of modernity itself, beginning with the Protestant Reformation and extending through the first half of the nineteenth century. The book begins with Martin Luther and his critics, proceeds through discussions of Spinoza and the English Dissenters, Vo...

Rehmat Ullah1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Kalim Ullah2

...on in machinery booking process, costly rental prices, out-dated machinery, preference of progressive farmers, no timely availability of Inputs, unviability of crop specific machinery. It was recommended that MFSC may take initiative to compel private companies to sponsor schemes for low cost inputs. MFSC may take initiative for funds on account of pragmatic trainings arrangement, subsidized inputs and crop specific machinery.

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Nadeem Khan1*, Arshad Ali Khan1, Mukhtar Ahmad2, Muhammad Nouman2 and Badshah Islam1

...he results showed that Tarocco attained maximum height (156.13 cm), followed by Mexican Lemon (146.80 cm). Similarly, maximum plant spread and leaf area were recorded in Mexican Lemon 124.07 cm and 11.35 cm2, respectively. However, Hamlin showed the highest stem girth (9.90 cm) and number of branches (66.53). The internode length was the greatest in Kinnow cultivar (2.66 cm). In case of disease incidence maximum lesion on leaves were found in Kinnow...

Neil Levy

...s, and AIs that rely on processing power alone, without the scaffolding of culture, are unlikely to outcompete us intellectually. There is, however, nothing to prevent AIs from having, and taking advantage of, a capacity for culture. AIs with such a capacity may have intellectual powers greater than ours currently are, but the collective deliberation that underlies the power of cumulative culture is more powerful when there is sufficient diversity among the de...

Neil Levy

...s, and AIs that rely on processing power alone, without the scaffolding of culture, are unlikely to outcompete us intellectually. There is, however, nothing to prevent AIs from having, and taking advantage of, a capacity for culture. AIs with such a capacity may have intellectual powers greater than ours currently are, but the collective deliberation that underlies the power of cumulative culture is more powerful when there is sufficient diversity among the de...

 Ishfaq Ahmed, Ihsan Mabood Qazi and Suraiya Jamal

...e value added products; processed by the addition of them.

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 Muhammad Ishaq and Raziuddin

 
...g ability) and RCA (reciprocal combining ability) effects for the studied traits. Based on GCA, best general combiners were AUP-7 for earlier flowering and maturity, AUP-2 for plant height, AUP-14 for primary branches plant-1 and AUP-9 for main raceme length. Based on SCA effects, best F1 hybrids were AUP-7 × AUP-14 (days to flowering), AUP-8 × AUP-9 (days to maturity), AUP-17 × AUP-18 (plant height), AUP-14 × AUP-20 (primary branches p...

 Zahir Shah, Shakoor Ahamd, Mian Saeed Sarwar, Murad Ali Khan and Javid Ali

...sthesia. After surgical procedure site was closed by applying mattress sutures. Adjunct therapy of broad-spectrum antibiotic was administered intramuscularly for five days as a post-operative measure. Catamnesis revealed that the healing was complete in 14 days with no recurrence and untoward consequences.

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Neha Singh and Anjana Pandey

...s an in vitro selection procedure to evolve single-stranded nucleic acids known as aptamers. Aptamers are known for their high selectivity and specificity and their ability to form 3D conformations. CELL SELEX is a modification of SELEX where instead of using purified ligand molecules, whole live cells are used as targets, so the aptamers being generated could bind target molecules on live cells in their native conformation and it is possible to know the molec...

Koksal Karadas1, Muhammad Tariq2, Mohammad Masood Tariq3* and Ecevit Eyduran4

.... For the determination process, the statistical predictive accuracy of GLM (General Linear Model), CART (Classification and Regression Tree), CHAID (Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector), Exhaustive CHAID, and a ANN type MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) in the prediction of lactation milk yield in sheep was measured comparatively by model assessment criteria, such as R2, R2ADJUSTED, SDRATIO, CV(%), RMSE, RAE, MAPE, ...

Amtul Jamil Sami1*, Madeeha Khalid1, Sara Iqbal1, Maira Afzal1 and A.R. Shakoori2

...m temperature. The same procedure was performed for commercial dyes. The dye was removed due to the interaction with the polysaccharide starch and flocculation phenomenon. Chitosan starch based polymer composites can be used as an efficient and cost effective method to treat waste water polluted with carcinogenic dyes by coagulation-flocculation. Moreover this method is beneficial over other methods that employ toxic polymers or mineral coagulants.

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Mian Shamas Murtaza1, Aysha Sameen1, Nuzhat Huma1 and Fatma Hussain2

... assess the impact of hydrocolloid gums on functional, textural and sensory attributes of low fat Cheddar cheese. Buffalo milk was standardized at 2% and 4% fat levels to manufacture Cheddar cheese. Cheese samples were manufactured by adding xanthan gum and guar gums individually @ 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% in low fat cheese (2% fat) besides the negative (2% fat) and positive (4% fat) control samples. The cheese samples were ripened at 6-8oC for 30 days and analyzed f...

Sayeda Sarah and Muhammad Ibrar

...%, 25%, 50% and 100%) of rock phosphate (RP) fertilizer on spores density and percent root colonization of selected sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in P-deficient soil. It was observed that spore density and AMF root colonization was higher in the soil of control (RP0) plants, which decreases progressively with increasing fertility level. Less number of spores and percent root colonization was found at high RP level (RP100) in all hybrids. Higher P do...

 Shaoling Lin and Jiamiao Hu

... serve as a link in the processes of HCMV capsidation and tegumentation. This study provides further evidences in the functions of tegument proteins in the assembly of HCMV virons.

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Halide Nihal Açikgöz1*, Serdal Kenan Köse2 and Ali Açikgöz3

 

 

...s [EH], and Simpson Resiprocal Indices). Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy), Calliphora vomitoria (Linnaeus), Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Lucilia richardsi (Collin) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were identified. C. vicina was found in whole year in 2012 and 2015. All of the fly species identified have forensic importance. The highest taxa richness was observed in 2012, in May (307; 73.80%), while the lowest was in March (23; 5.53%). The highest taxa richness w...

Atul Sharma, Aruna Chandra Singh, Gautam Bacher, Sunil Bhand

...y an in-vitro selection process known as “Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX)” technique. Among the receptors available for biosensing, aptamer exhibit the advantages of high specificity, selectivity, stability, facile labelling and modification, which makes them ideal candidates for development of new biosensing applications for detection of specific target molecules. In the present review, we concentrate on the recen...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

...of sugar beet, cabbage, broccoli and radish, among other crops. It is a cyst-forming nematode that affects plant growth and yield. We report on studies aimed to evaluate the effects of five nematophagous fungi on the population dynamics of this pest in sugar beets in laboratory and greenhouse trials. The fungi chosen were Arthrobotrys oligospora, Dactylella oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, and Lecanicillium muscarium. In the labora...

Afzaal Ahmad Naseem1*, Maleeha Akram1, Sarwat Jahan2, Kiran Afshan2, Zubaria Iqbal1, Faheem Tahir3, Mazhar Qayyum1 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1

...as been ascribed to reciprocated physiological influences of both somatotropic and gonadal axes, manifested as higher secretion of growth hormone (GH) and testosterone (T). GH and T affect linear growth velocity (LGV) directly through stimulation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Furthermore, T promotes LGV through augmentation of GH secretion. Nevertheless, age and developmental stage dependent changes in GH and T and LGV an...

Shakeel Ahmed* and Sarwat Jahan

...s in various biological processes. Now their involvement in the regulation of hypothalamus pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis has also been established. In the present study, we investigated the role of peripheral administration of neuromedin S (NMS) on adipokines (adiponectin, leptin and resistin) secretion in 48-h fasting and normal fed adult male Rhesus monkeys. After NMS administration plasma adipokines levels were determined in fed and fasting monkeys. Four int...

Giselle R.R. Ayres* and Brandão P.E

...n a complex replication process, made possible by the special characteristics of AvCoV genome. This manuscript aims to present an overview of the main aspects of the current knowledge on the main AvCoV replicase genes.

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Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Noor Khan4, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6

...his study, 18 fish meal processing units were surveyed in Sindh and Balochistan to investigate production status, chemical composition, and fish species being used for producing fish meal. The overall production of single processing unit ranged from 40 to 500 metric tonns per month. Kampa Industry (Unit 1) was found to be the first largest contributor producing 100 metric tons in 24 h. The second largest producers of fish me...

Hira Akhter1, Bilal Aslam2*, Naveed Shahzad3, Tanzeela Farooq4, Muhammad Umer5 and Muhammad Hidayat Rasool2

...ine tissue samples were processed for RNA isolation and subjected to molecular detection of H9 gene of H9N2 subtypes using one step Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Out of 24 samples taken from each organ, 22, 21, and 18 samples from trachea, lungs, and intestine showed viral RNA, respectively. Taken together, results showed that the H9N2 is endemic and widely distributed in asymptotic layers. Furthermore results indicated that H9N2 su...

Rashid Ahmed Khan* and Muhammed Naveed

...xt-align: justify;">Bacterocera zonata (Saunder) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major pest of fruits causing severe losses to the fruit production and quality in Pakistan. Its management has largely relied upon the indiscriminate and injudicious use of conventional insecticides resulting in problem of insecticide resistance, environmental pollution, fruit contamination and health hazards. The major goal of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a ...

Muhammad Shafiq and Tahir Maqsood

...ing 2013-14. Adsorption procedure was done by harmonizing 2.5g soil in 0.01M CaCl2 solution having diverse B doses (0, 0.01, 0.03 , 0.05 , 0.07, 0.09, 0.11, 0.13,0.15 and 0.17 mg B L-1). Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were applied to the data to check the sorption of B on sandy clay loam soil. Freundlich model depicted superior fitness of the sorption (r2=0.99) statistics than Langmuir model (r2=0.75). Ten B treatments (0, 0.47, 0.81, 1.42, 1.57, 1....

Jixue Hou1,2, Xueling Chen3, Jing Wang4, Hongwei Zhang2, Yu Xi2, Jie Xia2, Xinyu Peng2,* and Xiangwei Wu2,5*

... study pathophysiologic process of cardiovascular disease, but for a long time it is just limited to large animals, like pigs, rabbits, and big rats. The mice with reproduction fast cycle, lower costing, and close to human genes, can be showed about some phenomenon quickly, also more easy to form model of atherosclerosis. Thus, a mouse model of vascular injury is vitally important for researching the pathophysiological mechanisms to restenosis after percutaneo...

Xiangxing Zhu1, Junyu Nie1, Shouneng Quan1,2, Huiyan Xu1, Xiaogan Yang1, Yangqing Lu1, Kehuan Lu1 and Shengsheng Lu1*

...text-align: justify;">Astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), perform many important neurobiological functions. Although a large number of transgenic mouse models carrying astrocyte-specific transgene expression of transgene have made significant contributions to understanding astrocytic structure and function in vitro and in vivo, evidence su...

Aiza Tahir, Muhammad Asif, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*

...Staphylococci and one Micrococcus, isolated from five raw milk samples. Their morphological, biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that two strains were S. aureus, while all others were different coagulase negative Staphylococci. Their sensitivity against three phages indicated broad host range of phages SANF and SA2, and relatively narrow host range of phage SA. Phage SNAF showed an effective growth reduction of S. aureus RP isolate, ...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Saeed Akhtar

...a computer-based set of procedures used to store and analyze geographically-referenced data. Primary data about crop yield and per acre production, new seed and crop varieties etc. was collected with the help of a questionnaire survey. A total of 50 household were surveyed which make 45 percent of the total (114 households). The analysis of acquired data reveals that in 2008-09 tube well irrigated land account for 81.67 acre which decreased to 37.46 acre in 20...

Naushad Khan1*, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Munir Khan1, Shaista Naz2, Javeria Tanveer1 and Muhammad Kaleem3

...credit were complicated procedure of pass book preparation, amount less than requirement, unavailability of timely credit and non-availability of collateral. The study recommends amount of loan according to the farmers’ requirements, bank staff cooperation and one window operation to address the problems of farmers while obtaining loan/credit from ZTBL. Such type of credit program ensuring proper utilization of credit should also be replicated to other d...
Eman Mahmoud El-Diasty1,Madeha Abd El-Halim Ibrahimand Ghada Kamal El Khalafawy2,*
...lected from two poultry processing plants represented broiler carcasses swabs and worker (hand swabs and nail scrapings). Phenotype-based methods for identifying yeast especially Candida species are often difficult, time-consuming and not enough to identify most yeast species. . Molecular biological techniques provide a useful alternative approach. Concerning with genotypic identification, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR...
Muhammad Mohsin Javed*, Muhammad Azhar Nisar, Bushra Muneer and Muhammad Usman Ahmad
...ed on the second day of process with minimum internal resistance comparatively i.e. 123.23Ω. The higher power density shows efficiency of this U-shaped design compare to other dual chamber MFCs.
...
Hafiz Aftab Ahmed1, Asif Ali2, Akbar Ali2, Salman Ahmed Abid3 and Sajid Umar4*
...eved by 2% lignocaine hydrochloride. The skin was apposed with simple interrupted sutures using silk. Post-operative care was continued for five days. Clinical signs abated in all operated animals, proving that the technique employed was effective and of simple execution for the treatment of dorsal patellar fixation in bovine.
...
Amjad Islam Aqib1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Riaz Hussain3, Saba Sana2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Kashif Hussain1 and Syed Saleem Ahmad1
...ne, chloramphenicol, mupirocin, vancomycin, cefixinme, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime. In contrast to this sulphaphenazole, gentamicin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin were highly sensitive. Piperacillin, Tazabactam and cinxacin were moderately effective against Staph. aureus. The concluded remarks of research staged Staph. aureus to the most obvious pathogen and widely resistant to antimicrobials camel mastitogen. The risk factors were found soul determ...
Nagwan F. Zahran, Ali F. Hamza and Rehab M. Sayed* 
... guava fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata were irradiated with sterilizing and substerilizing doses of gamma radiation. The effect of gamma rays on the DNA patterns of adult males showed alterations from the control. Exposure to radiation caused very frequently the appearance of some extra bands and the deficiency of others in the RAPD-PCR amplification patterns of the irradiated insects. 
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Andrea Rezic1, Ivica Boskovic2, Piera Lubinu3, Marina Piria1, Tihomir Florijancic2, Massimo Scandura3 and Nikica Sprem1*
... permutation tests with procrustes distance yielded with significant results for both skull and mandible shape. Further studies are required with increased sample size and number of landmarks so as to obtain a more accurate expression of form and better differentiation between the sexes.
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Rashid Ahmed Khan* and Muhammed Naveed
...ing to the genus, Bactrocera are among the major pests of fruits worldwide. Among the many species of fruit flies, Bacterocera zonata is a serious pest of fruits causing severe losses to the fruit production and quality, in Pakistan. In the present experiment the population of B. zonata was monitored using methyl eugenol traps during the year, 2015. Occurrence and population dynamics of the fruit fly wer...
...’s re-structuring process to expand the avenue from regional to global audiences. With heavy contributions from authors around the world, we aim to publish quality publications, both critical reviewers and cutting-edge research, in coming issues of the Hosts and Viruses.
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Zahir Shah, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio, Shakoor Ahmad, Ijaz Ahmad, Javid Ali, Sher Bhader Khan

...ed for aseptic surgical procedure. A vertical incision was given in middle of the left flank region. Twin fetuses (one male and female) were surgically removed with care to avoid proliferation of uterine contents into the peritoneal cavity. Penicillin powder was dusted into the surroundings area of the uterus. The cow was treated with antibiotics, analgesics and liver tonics during the first week post-surgery. Local antiseptic dressing was performed using povi...

 Abdul Wajid Khalil and Zafar Iqbal

...stify;"> Boerhavia procumbens is a Pakistani medicinal herb, used in the treatment of various ailments, including asthma, cough and jaundice. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the proximate, mineral, amino acid compositions of the aerial parts and roots of B. procumbens. The result of carbohydrate (75.56±0.046%) of aerial parts was found higher as compared to the roots (31.22±0.05%) while p...

Idowu Fagbamila1*, Adaobi Okeke2, Micheal Dashen2, Patricia Lar2, Sati Ngulukun1, Benshak Audu1, David Ehizibolo1, Paul Ankeli1, Pam Luka1, Maryam Muhammad1

...lign: justify;">Poultry processing activities require large amount of high quality water for processing, cleaning and cooling. Contamination of water at any point in the processing stage is likely to affect meat hygiene. Waste water generated during these activities typically has high presence of organic material such as blood, fat, flesh and excreta. In developing countries like Nigeria w...
Mirza Imran Shahzad1,*, Anna Iqbal2, Farrah Ali1, Nuzhat Sial3, Muhammad Ashfaq4, Abul Hasanat5 and Azra Khanum6
...obacillus bulgaricus, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureius were used against each other to evaluate their antimicrobial activities. All of bacteria were cultured in LB media and further the culture of each bacterium was divided into three parts, the first part was centrifuged in order to collect supernatant. While the second and third parts were also centrifuged but however supernatants were discarded to get their pellets, which were dissol...
Sung Kwon Park1a, Jin Young Jeong2a, Eun Seok Cho3, Yong Dae Jeong3 and Chang Seok Park4*
...orks involving cellular processes. Between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, there were 13 and 17 up- and down-regulated DEGs (2-fold; FDR < 0.05; P < 0.001), respectively, in PBMC of PEDV. Most of significant DEGs were involved in multiple cellular processes of cell growth and immune system. Thus, results from our current study indicate that DEG analysis of RNA-seq data help us better understand the precise m...
Irum, Akram Shah*, Sobia Wahid, Nazma Habib Khan and Qaisar Jamal
...extent corroborates the proclaimed eradication by Guinea Worm Eradication Program (GWEP) from Dera Ismail Khan District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province.
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John G. Bruno

...ure in humans who have seroconverted. Such anti-idiotypic aptamer antigens might also serve as rickettsial vaccines, if fully developed. The top five highest affinity R. rickettsii and top five R. typhi anti-Fab aptamers as assessed by enzyme-linked aptamer sorbent assay (ELASA) screening were shown to specifically bind their cognate antibodies when captured by their Fc tails on the surface of Protein A-conjugated magnetic beads. While no clear similarities in...
Maoying Zhu, Yuntao Ji, Xiaoyu Wang, Junying Pu and Changqing Qu*
...the effect of fasudil hydrochloride and H2 on the post-thaw viability of cryopreserved porcine adipose-derived stem cells. Four different combinations of cryoprotectants with and without hydrogen gas (H) (purified H2 was dissolved into normal cryopreservation solution for 2 hrs under 0.6 MPa were tested including the following groups: control (CK), 100µm GSH, 10µm fasudil hydrochloride (FH) ...

Sanaullah Jalil*, Asim Hayat, Abid Majeed, Syed Haider Abbas, Muhammad Noman, Muhammad Imran Kasana and Muhammad Mazhar Hussain

...ts (T0 = control without rock phosphate & farmyard manure, T1= rock phosphate @150 kg P2O5 per hectare, T2 = FYM @5 tons per hectare, T3 = RP @100 kg P2O5 per hectare+ FYM @5 tons per hectare, E0 = without effective microbes and E1= EM-Biozote @ 50 l ha-1) on yield parametrs of wheat crop planted after the harvest of rice. All yield parameters significantly increased by the treatments consisting of RP (100 kg) with FYM (...

Muhammad Khurshid1,2*, Muhammad Nafees1, Mehmet Somuncu2

...tand crops encroachment process and its implications for pastoral resources. Land use-classes such as forest, agriculture, pastures and snow cover were recorded by means of Global Positioning System (GPS) and further processed to develop maps by using Geographic Information System (GIS). The impacts of agriculture encrachment were determined by means of group discussions, household’s interviews and personel observation...

Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2, Waseem Akbar Qazi2, Noor Abid Saeed3

... the Melon Fruit Fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coq.) was undertaken during 2015 on cucurbit crops in district Hyderabad. The studies were carried out at two discrete localities, Jeay Shah and Dehli Farm, in three different crops i.e., bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) and ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) using cue-lure baited traps. The male lure baited traps were arrayed at three meter height and replenished on fortnightly basi...

Sitansu Pan, Surojit Khalko and Amrita Das

Effect of some fungicides on seed mycoflora, germination, viability and their persistence in treated seeds
... L.). Propineb 70WP and prochloraz 45EC considerably reduced the appearance of A. alternata and flusilazole 40EC reduced Fusarium sp.in mungbean seed than untreated control.Amarked reduction in population of A. brassicae by difenoconazole 25EC and flusilazole 40EC was observed in mustard seeds. Inhibitory effect of fungicides on seed germination of all tested seeds was observed with prochloraz 45EC and flusilazole 40EC. Ther...

Palash Mondal1 , Amitava Konar2 and N. Johnson Singh3

Evaluation of insecticidal schedules for the management of insect pests of potato
...adicloprid and cartap hydrochloride, respectively at 40, 55 and 70 DAP than other treatments. Maximum yield of healty potato tuber was recorded in the plot treated with chlorpyriphos before planting and foliar spray of acephate, imadichloprid and chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin at 40, 55 and 70 DAP(T ).Yield of damaged tuber caused by soil pests was found maximum in control plot and it was recorded lowest in T treatment which received soil application of phorate ...

S. K. Mukhopadhyay and M. V. Santha Kumar

Studies on the biosafety of botanical insecticides to native natural enemies of mulberry ecosystem
...ntrol agents (Micraspis crocea, Micraspis discolor, Brumus suturalis and Scymnus bourdilloni ). All botanicals tested showed least mortality and was on par with unsprayed control. Dimethoate (0.1%) was highly toxic causing 100% mortality. Whereas, dichlorvos (0.1%) was least toxic in comparison to dimethoate. Botanical insecticides tested in different conc./combinations are compatible with natural enemies and may be incorporated in IPM in mulberry ecosystem.

M.K. Pandit,P. K. Pal and B. K. Das

Effect of date of sowing on flowering and incidence and damage of melon fruit fly in snap melon Cucumis melo var.momordica genotypes
... of melon fruit-fly [Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett),Diptera: Tephritidae] infected fruits were recorded.Snap melon being a monoecious and warmth loving crop, tends to bear increasing number of female flowers with time; days to first female flower gradually lessened from the first to the third sowing, which signify longer fruiting period from the first to the third sowing. The infestation level of fruit fly has been found to be higher in March sowing than t...

Bijan Kumar Das

Incidence of Aleurocanthus spp. (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) on betelvine (Piper betle L.) and their interaction with host plants
... betelvine blackfly, Aleurocanthus rugosa Singh (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) is a major pest causing severe damage to the foliage in the conservatories (borojas) of West Bengal. The seasonal incidence of A. rugosa in boroja was recorded during 2003-2004. A. rugosa adults were active in the boroja throughout the year with two peaks, one in pre-monsoon and another in post-monsoon i.e., period prior initiation of winter season. During the faunastic survey in betelvin...

P. Barma and S. Jha

Biology, seasonal activity of fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coq.) on pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) and weather relations
...
Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coq.) is considered as a serious pest of pointed gourd. Peak incidence of it was obtained in third week of May to first week of June during all the three years of study (i.e. 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10). Studies on biology showed that the incubation, larval, pupal and adult longevity periods were 2 to 5 days, 5 to 7 days, 6 to 9 days, 37 to 41 days in June-July and 4 to 6 days, 16 to 19 days, 17 to 21 days, 23 to 32 d...

D. C. Khatua, B. Mondal and G. Saha

Bioassay of some agricultural chemicals, human drugs and disinfectants on Phytophthora melonis Katsura causing fruit and vine rot of pointed gourd
...hate, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, ofloxacin and norfloxacin at 100 ppm. The insecticide, Profenophos prevented sporangia formation and consequently its germination. Copper sulphate (CuSO4, 5H2O) had adverse effect on mycelial growth and sporangia formation. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4), Savlon, Dettol and tinidazole were not good inhibitor for P. melonis. Sporangia did not form in water containing 0.0125g/L chloroquin phosphate - an antiprotozoal drug.&nb...

Rashid Pervez, Santhosh J. Eapen, S. Devasahayam and M. Dinsha

Characterization of entomopathogenic nematode, Stein-ernema carpocapsae from ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizosphere in India
...), hairy caterpillar (Euproctis sp.) and greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) was found under in vitro condition. Further this isolate displayed high virulence on above insect species. This study reported occurrence of a isolate of S. carpocapsae from ginger rhizosphere from India. This indigenous isolate could be investigated further for managing insect pests of ginger.

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Amitava Konar and N. Johnson Singh

Occurrence of aphids on various potato germplasms in eastern gangetic plains of West Bengal
...Jawhar along with three processing varieties like Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chipsona-2 and Atlantic were screened against aphids. Potato seed tuber was planted by end of November following all standard agronomic practices except insecticide application. The aphid species viz. Myzus persicae (Sulzur) and Aphis gossypi Glover were recorded first during third week of December and crossed the threshold limit (20 aphids/100 compound leaves) during first to second wee...

Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta

Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
...duction, protection and processing, and other essential information provided through a decision support system (DSS), in an agriinformatics networking such that is not ordinarily available to Indian farmers in general. Due to Precision Farming (PF), production increased by 40 to 60 percent farmers’ margins of the produce and reduction of the commission charged by the middlemen to 7-10 percent. Further, bargaining power, capacity building, optimal crop pr...
Muhammad Mansoor, Zaigham Abbas and Nageen Husssain*
... four weeks and applied procedure to detect minor changes in paw swelling, ANA autoantibodies, CCL11, C3c, glucose level and renal damage. We detected increased symptoms of arthritis and gastrointestinal tract involvement in gluten containing diet group compared with standard diet disease control group. ANA autoantibodies, C3c and renal damage between gluten and standard diet group was non-significant. The remission of SLE manifestations was observed in predni...
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Maryam Soyuf Jahromi2
...ant in patches along the rocky coasts between the average low tide and a maximum depth of 5 m. In the current study, it was monitored monthly 217 individuals from Bandar Lengeh (26˚32ʹ28̋ N, 54˚52ʹ28̋ E; water depth: 0.5 to 1 m) during March to September, 2014. Their genders were obtained by dissection. The aim of this study was to determine the sexual ratio in their population and to see if they effect the operational sex ratio (...
Mohammed M. Ibrahim1,2*, Y.S. Chandel1 and Anil3
...ing width and length of trochanter and tibia. Overall, the mean of populations for head height × width, proboscis length, thorax length, abdomen length, fore wing length × width, cubital index, hind wing length × width, number of hamuli, coxa length, trochanter length, femur length, tibia length and metatarsus length × width were found to be 3.19±0.10 × 3.68±0.09 mm, 6.29±0....
Wenqiao Hui1, Jishun Tang1, Dejian Zhu1, Qian Ban2* and Sheng Chen1*
...ustify;">Puberty is the process of physical maturation of an animal with the capability of sexual reproduction. In domestic animals, age at attainment of puberty is an event that contributes significantly to lifetime reproductive efficiency. Anhui white goat is a native Chinese breed, with the characters of early time puberty onset and high fecundity. However, the molecular mechanism of puberty onset has not been well understood. It has been demonstrated lepti...
Muhammad Ayaz1,*, Muhammad Athar Abbas2, Pervez3, Noorulain3, Yasir Amin1, Zubair Ali3, Naila Siddique2 and Khalid Naeem2
...chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure. Out of 600 examined locations twenty two (22) H9N2 subtypes isolates were recorded. The total prevalence recorded was 3.66%and out of 498 broiler operations yielded 17 (3.4%) positive isolates and 44 golden type native chicken farms yielded 05 (11.36%) isolates of AIV H9N2 and 58 captive pheasant’s samples were negative. It was observed that frequency of H9N2
Yun Wang1,*, Lei Guan1, Jiding Chen1, Yaping Kong1, Lang Si2 and Asif Shah3
...g expressway. Using the procedures of field investigation along QTH during months of May, August and December in 2014 and 2015, we recorded the occurrence frequency, number of ungulates, and the perpendicular distance between QTH and QTR. To improve the protection mechanism for the four large ungulates viz., Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii, Tibetan gazelle Procapra picticaudata, Kiang Equus kian...
Ayesha Ilyas1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,* and Abdul Qadir1,*
... peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), at 2% concentration in a free choice bioassays. Acetone, chloroform, petroleum ether and ethanol were used for extraction from leaves. Amongst the various treatments applied, the acetone extract of D. alba showed the highest repellency of 84.14%, whereas, the lowest repellency of 10.73% was observed by the chloroform extract of T. peruviana. Significant ovipositional deterrent effects of the ...
Sogolo L. Lebelo1,* and Gerhard van der Horst2
...he vervet monkey, Chlorocebus aethiops, using both light and electron microscopic techniques and to elucidate the association of these cells with other testicular cells. The Leydig cells occur as a group of polymorphic cells in the intertubular region, and are usually associated with large and small blood vessels and abundant loose connective tissue. Leydig cells have large spherical or slightly elongated nuclei, which possess prominent nuclei and frequ...
Rahat Naseer1*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Zulfiqar-ul-Hassan2, H. Rehman1, Saima Naveed1, F. Masood1 and M. Tayyab1
...husk as a substrate for processing with the objective to produce a nutritionally enriched bulk feed ingredient and to explore its potential as wheat bran replacer in total mixed rations for the ruminants. For this purpose rice husk was subjected to different processing techniques using acid, alkali, water treatment and fermentation to prepare processed moiety on pilot scale. All these p

Raza Ullah1*, Qaisar Shah Safi2, Ghaffar Ali3 and Irfan Ullah

... packaging, storage and processing. There are various middlemen (market intermediaries) involved at different stages in the marketing of citrus. This study is an attempt to examine the marketing margins of the intermediaries involve in the value chain of sweet oranges of citrus group. Three villages in Bunir district are randomly selected and a total of 120 sampled respondents are selected using proportional allocation method. The findings revealed that majori...
Kadir Karakuş1, Bahat Comba2, Abuzer Taş3, Tunahan Sancak3, Arzu Comba2, Devrim Saripinar Aksu4, Hasan Koyun5 and Mohammad Masood Tariq6,*
..., the evaluation of the process in castrated six-month-old sheep revealed an increase in the body weight which was similar to that in the control group.
...
Tanveer Ahmad1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Azeem Khan2 and Shahid Zia3
...hed after decortication process for getting good quality fibre to make domestic products. This technology has a great potential and needs to be commercialised in sisal growing areas of the country.
...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*, Shah Saud Ahmad and Asif Nawaz 

...26% participated in the process of election. Maximum respondents were provided farm machinery by FSC i.e. cultivator (51%), rotavator (56%), mold bold plough (56%), disk plough (48%), single furrow (47%), drill (61%) and ridge maker (53%). Market was the source of seed for majority of the respondents regarding cauliflower (43%), bitter gourd (32%), bottle gourd (13%), potato (34%) and squash (29%). Similarly, majority of the respondents obtained urea (73%), SS...
Mohammad Umar Farooq1*, Sarfaraz Ahmad2, Ghulam Nabi1, Ijaz Ali1 and Imtiaz Ahmad1
...ring the photosynthesis process via plant biomass is the extent of this atmospheric gas. An experiment the data for above and below phytomass for grazed and un- grazed range land was collected and carbon pool was estimated by Wet Combustion and Dry Combustion method.Four transect lines were drawn in each experimental plot. Twenty four samples of each experimental plot were collected with the help of ADC one m 2 quadrate methods, weighed and then ove...
Ambreen Butt1, Uzma Malik2, Khadija Waheed3, Amna Khanum3, Samar Firdous4, Sara Ejaz5 and Fawad Randhawa2, Tania Shakoori6*
Rana Muhammad Aadil1,2*, Xin-An Zeng1, Saqib Jabbar3, Akmal Nazir2, Abid Aslam Mann2, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan2, Abdullah2, Amna Ramzan2
...ermal and high pressure processing (HPP) techniques on some quality parameters of grapefruit juice were investigated based on pH, acidity, ºBrix, viscosity, cloud value, hunter color values, bioactive compounds, microorganisms and enzyme analysis. The grapefruit juice was treated with processing variables of HPP treatment (0, 150, 200 and 250 MPa), temperature (40, 50 and 60 oC), for p
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...on of this species, the process of pairing, nest site selection, egg laying, incubation and brooding of the crested ibis in the wild was studied in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Luoshan County, Henan Province, China. From October 2013 to May 2015, a total of 78 captive-bred individuals have been released into the reserve and monitored through radio transmitters or satellite transmitters. Twelve nests of 10 pairs were recorded over three breeding seasons. S...
Nargis Bano and Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*
...by initiating different processes that are involved in the mechanism of stress tolerance. SA is part of an extremely complex signal transduction network’s part and it works differently in different systems. Drought stress is a major restraint for crop production in arid and semi arid states such as Pakistan. In this study experiments were conducted against the responses of strawberry plant to both pre-harvest application of salicylic acid and drought tre...

Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Wasiullah1 and Wiqar Ahmad

...MF-4 (Gloeocapsa) and Microcoleus-MMF-5 (Cryophilus) were applied randomly to flooded rice in pots. Rice seedlings were transplanted to each pot on July 18, 2016. The data were recorded on agronomic parameters of rice crop, plant tissue and post-harvest soil analysis. But in this paper, data on availability of major plant nutrients, soil organic matter and plant dry weight are presented. The data revealed that cyanobacteria strains had significantly (p < 0....

Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali* 

...de circumvented tedious procedures of raising the immature embryos as a starting material for genetic transformation. Unlike immature embryos, the development of coleoptilar node is seasonal free and green house independent which would accelerate the work relevant to genetic transformation of maize. MS medium fortified with 3 mgL-1 BAP and 5 mgL-1 picloram produced maize seedlings with expanded coleoptilar nodes. Longitudinal cut sections of expanded coleoptil...

Sanjukta Chakrabarti1, Colin J. Barrow2, Rupinder K. Kanwar3, Venkata Ramana1*, Rakesh N. Veedu4,5 and Jagat R. Kanwar3* 

...cated in the angiogenic processes is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein and its family of ligands and receptors (VEGFRs). Survival, proliferation, migration and invasion of endothelial cells which give rise to the vascular network, is mediated through VEGF/VEGFR activation of the signal transduction pathways. Thus blocking VEGF is an efficient strategy for blocking tumor angiogenesis. Several anti-VEGF drugs have been developed over the last two...
Shengyan Su, Zaijie Dong*, Wenbin Zhu, Lanmei Wang and Jianjun Fu 
...ompensatory like growth process. This study shows that compensatory like growth of body weight during the cross-breeding can be detected and quantified.
...
Jiandong Wu, Miao Ye and Zaigui Wang*
...p>-1, pH was 3.7, processing volume was 4 BV; flow rate was 2 BV·h-1; temperature was 25°C. For desorption, elution solvent ethanol-water (95%, v/v) solution was 4.5 BV; flow rate was 2.0 BV·h-1. Flavonoids with content of 68.3% were obtained with a flavonoid recovery of 93.7%. The results showed that AB-8 resin revealed a good ability to purify total flavonoids. Lastly, feeding experiments results indicated that f...
Xue-yang Wang1, Shang-zhi Zhang1, Ming-hui Liu2, Dong Yu1, Yan Ma1, Dong-qiong Fei1, Hai-zhong Yu1 and Jia-ping Xu1,*
...lved in many biological processes, including cell–cell adhesion and the Wnt signaling pathway. However, the function of ARM-repeat protein in Bombyx mori has not been completely clarified. In this study, a gene encoding ARM-repeat protein was identified, which has an open reading fragment of 1923 bp, encoding a predicted 641 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of approximately 71.2 kDa. BmARM-like mRNA showed highest expressi...

Inayatullah Jan*, Sajid Khan, Noor Paio Khan and Muhammad Ashfaq 

...lders or tenants. After procuring and properly utilizing credit, the yield of the major crops such as wheat, maize, and sugarcane and the resultant income of the respondents exhibited significant increase, as confirmed by higher t-values. The study concludes that the socio-economic conditions of the farmers can be improved if credit programme is extended which could benefit all farmers in the area. 

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Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Madeeha Khalid1, Rehman Shehzad1, Sana Mughal1 and A.R. Shakoori2 
...acenta was obtained and processed for extraction of extracellular proteins at pH 9.5 using Tris-Glycine buffer. Placental lactogen was purified by gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex-G100 and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE- Sepharose, employing a linear salt gradient. SDS-PAGE was used to monitor the purification steps, and protein band was located by immunoblotting technique. Bubaline placental lactogen was purified to homogeneity and showed a m...
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...on of this species, the process of pairing, nest site selection, egg laying, incubation and brooding of the crested ibis in the wild was studied in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Luoshan County, Henan Province, China. From October 2013 to May 2015, a total of 78 captive-bred individuals have been released into the reserve and monitored through radio transmitters or satellite transmitters. Twelve nests of 10 pairs were recorded over three breeding seasons. S...
Shumaila Ashfaq1, Liaqat Ali2*, Muhammad Ashraf Zia2, Rizwan Ahmad Khan2 and Mehtash Butt3
... evaluated effects of hydrocortisone on the treatment of PDPH in obstetrical patient.To compare mean decrease in Visual Analogue Scalepain score in patients who developed PDPH after elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia who were given conventional treatment versus conventional treatment plus hydrocortisone.Double blind randomized control trial. Study conducted in department of anaesthesia and obstetrics of Alla...

H.I. Hosein1, Sherin Reda Rouby1*, Ahmed Menshawy1 and Ahmed E. AbdAl-Ghany2 

...city of some diagnostic procedures used for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis on serological, bacteriological and molecular basis. A total of 141 cows from brucella infected farms under quarantine of the veterinary authorities were employed. Serological examination using BPAT, RBT and CFT in 141 cows revealed 109 (77. 3), 105 (74.47) and 104 (73.76) seropositive respectively. Relative sensitivity, relative specificity, positive predictive value and negative pred...
Ümit Kumbıçak, Zübeyde Kumbıçak* and Gülnare Huseynli
...d sex chromosomes were acrocentric. The lengths of the chromosomes indicated no significant difference between autosomal pairs, however, X3 was the smallest chromosome but X1 and X2 were intermediate in the karyotype.
...
Jarosław Pytlewski1, Ireneusz Antkowiak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*
...AS v.9.3. The following procedures were used: MEANS and GLM. In black and white Holstein-Fresian cattle there is genetic variety in analysed locus c.1178G>A gene PIT-1. Frequency of genotypes and alleles was respectively: AA=0.0469, AG=0.3154, GG=0.6377, A = 0.2046 and G = 0.7954. AA homozygotes had the highest age at first insemination and the lowest insemination index. Cows with this genotype after calving and calves (both gender) fro...
Lihong Qin1, Guoliang Zhang1, Chaojie Zhu1, Jian Wu1, Zhihui Zhao2,* and Yumin Zhao1,*
...e testicular maturation process, however, PDK4, DUSP4 and FKBP1B expression levels were decreased (p<0.01). Furthermore, the luciferase in miR-122/449a co-transfected with pmiR-RB-REPORT-DUSP4-WT or pmiR-RB-REPORT-PDK4/FKBP1B-WT group was significantly lower than pmiR-RB-REPORT-DUSP4-mut or PDK4/FKBP1B-mut and negative control groups. Meanwhile, PDK4, DUSP4 and FKBP1B expression levels we...
Tariq Mahmood*1, Syed Wasif Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Rais1, Hira Fatima1, Faraz Akrim1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...ck drongo Dicrurus macrocerus preferred Kikar Acacia nilotica and Eucalyptus camaldulensis for nesting purpose while black kite Milvus migrans utilized semal tree Bombax ceiba. The weaver bird Ploceus philippinus also utilized only Acacia nilotica for nesting. The common crow, common myna, black kite, black drongo, red turtle dove Streptopelia tranquebarica and Indian robin Saxicoloides fulicatus s...
Faiza Ambreen*1 and Muhammad Javed2
...in peripheral blood erythrocytes of freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus by using Comet assay. The 96-h LC50 value of pesticide mixture was estimated for 180-old fingerlings of O. niloticusin a static system and then four sub-lethal concentrations viz. 1/3rd of LC50, 1/4th of LC50, 1/5th of LC50 and 1/6th of LC50 were calculated and fish we...

Gamalat Osman1, Mansour Galal1, Abbas Abul-Ezz2, Ahmad Mohammed1, Mohammed Abul-Ela3 and Asmaa Mostafa Hegazy2

...6 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the flesh demonstrated that PAHs accumulation in the treated snails was fluctuated with time. The accumulation is due to their biotransformation process during metabolism. The histopathological observations of the gills and mantle of L. carinatus showed pronounced alterations at 24 hours and proliferated at the day 15 but showed a further decline at the day 30 of exposure. These f...

Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1, Khanum Zahra2, Arooj Zaheer2, Khizar Samiullah3

...oducing gland, spinning process, chemistry of spider silk fiber, mechanical properties and applications of silk in health, military industry and many other fields is discussed. Its antifungal and antimicrobial potentials are also explored. Researchers are trying to introduce advanced methods to manufacture spider silk artificially to enhance silk production. Silk fiber can be designed after determining type and sequence of constituent amino acid or by insertin...

Sajid Muhammad* and Fida Mohammad 

...alized after fulfilling procedural requirements. 

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 Addishiwot Fekdu, Afework Bekele and Demeke Datiko*

...ndromus lovati (1), and Crocidura fumosa (4). Tachyoryctes macrocephalus was recorded as frequently observed species. Four endemic species of rodents were identified in the area (Lophuromys melanonyx, Arvicanthis blicki, Dendromus lovati and Tachyoryctes macrocephalus). The distribution and abundance of species varied between exclosure and control sites, and between seasons. Livestock graz...
Ozgur Altan*
...ts (FBP) emerging after processing the trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bream (Sparus aurata) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) produced by aquaculture into a raw material that can be used in fish feed ingredient by means of a system called flash dryer has been researched. Before being subjected to drying and grinding in the flash dryer system, the FBP have been passed through the press and decanter, and it has been endeavored t...
Francisco J. Ayala
...ecting the evolutionary process toward the production of specified kinds of organisms. Even if a scientific account of natural history is open to the God question, it will take a theologian to propose an answer. 
...

Ayesha Bibi*, Musharaf Ahmad and Shaukat Hussain 

...est Pakistan. Based on agroclimate, KP was divided into five zones as Northern KP, Southern KP, Eastern KP, Western KP and Central KP. A total of 100 collected weed samples were analyzed in laboratory for the presence of bacteria. The samples were crushed homogenized in 0.85% TBE buffer and platted on YDC (Yeast extract-Dextrose-CaCO3) for bacterial growth. For identification of the characteristic bacterial colonies Cmm-specific primers CMM-5 and CMM-6 were us...

Afsheen Masood1*, Rubab Musarrat2, Shama Mazahir3 and Adeela Ashraf4  

...lity purposive sampling procedure. Both cohorts were matched on the basis of the age and income level of the parents. Quality of Life Scale WHOQOLS and Marital Satisfaction Scale were used to collect the data from Anmol and Sundus Foundation and Fatmeed Foundation, Lahore. The results from independent sample t- test revealed that the quality of life and marital satisfaction of parents of children with leukemia was significantly lower than the parents of normal...

Attia Anwar1, Sajida Malik2*, Zobia Usman1 and Sadia Chiragh3 

...upplemented berberine hydrochloride with dose of 75 mg/kg body weight/day. 24 weeks post-treatment, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from both groups and tested for Hb (%), WBC, RBC and platelet counts, SGPT, alkaline phosphatse, serum uric acid, blood urea and serum creatinine. All the numerical data were expressed as mean± SD. The values in two groups were analyzed with help of unpaired t-test. A p-value ˂ 0.05 was considered sign...
Sumaira Zareen1, Syeda Sadaf Zahra2, Ayeza Mehmood3, Muhammad Asadullah4* and Aish Muhammad5

 

...icinal plant Neurada procumbens L. from Cholistan desert in Pakistan. Nodal segments from healthy grown plants were used as explants and cultured on standard Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of benzyl amino purine (BAP) or kinetin for shoot induction and Indole acetic acid (IAA) for primary shoot and Indole Butyric acid (IBA) for root proliferation. Best shoot proliferation (4.48 per explant) wa...
Yanjie Guo1, Weini Wu1, Hongmei Wang2, Xiao Guo2 and Yongping Xu2,*
...mmunity is the critical process by which organisms recognize and eliminate foreign antigens, and the process of local immunity in the female reproductive system is regulated by the coordinated integration of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. The nerves that branch from the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) are a major source of sympathetic nerves, which dominate the immune response of the female reproductive system...

Abida Sajid* and Aqsam Sajid 

...CV, MCH and MCHC, and Microcytic Hypochromic cells in Peripheral Smear. Megaloblastic anemia was labeled when Macrocytic Hypochromic cells seen. Obstetric outcome in terms of Preterm delivery defined as delivery at <37 weeks of gestation (36 +6 weeks) and birth weight <2500g mand a need for operative delivery. Patients fulfilling the selection criteria as per operational definition were included in the study after taki...

Saeeda Raza, Muhammad Naeem Safdar, Amer Mumtaz, Nouman Siddiqui, Khalid Nasim and Muhammad Amjad*

...ts and seeds. Different processing methods cleaning, washing, germination of pulses, peeling, cutting and blanching of vegetables, drying, roasting, grinding and mixing of ingredients were used. Recipe “A” containing rice, mung, potato and poppy seed was organoleptically preferred. No significant change in moisture content, peroxide value and free fatty acid were observed during three months storage in double polyethylene bags at ambient temperatur...

Aslam Memon, A. M. Khushk* and Umer Farooq**

... the varietal diffusion process among sugarcane growers all over the country was taking place on informal grounds and was extremely slow. Therefore, strong institutional efforts from agricultural extension department as well as sugar mills are needed to rapidly diffuse the more recently released varieties among the farmers. The sugarcane growers in KP are suggested to increase varietal diversity on their farms to avoid any risk of complete crop failure due to ...

 S. Shahid Shaukat*, Mian Sayed**, Aly Khan, M. Azhar Khan* and Babar Qazi***

...hree treatments, Tridax procumbens emerged as an effective phytonematicide. Helicotylenchus indicus, Rotylenchulus reniformis and Meloidogyne incognita had similar population density levels and were more or less equally suppressed by all the treatments in the order: Carbofuran > Tridax procumbens > Fertinemakil Plus > Withania somnifera. The yield of guar was only slightly increased but not significantly.

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 Sarfraz Ahmad, Shaista Koukab, Nayyar Razzaq, Muhammad Islam, Aneel Rose*, and Muhammad Aslam**

...alochistan chamomile (Microcephala lamellate (Bunge) Syn. Matricaria lasiocarpa ) is found naturally in many protected rangelands areas. However, its population is declining due to over-exploitation and un-controlled grazing. Traditionally these species are used for the treatment of fever and pain. Annual or German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.), and perennial chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) are the most important species all over the world due to multipurp...

 Farhan Ahmed, Hassnain Shah, Irum Raza* and Abdul Saboor**

...r of the autoregressive process; ‘d’ is the order of the homegeneity and ‘q’ the order of the moving average process. Presence of trend in data was checked through time series plots and stationarity through auto correlation and partial auto correlation functions. Using the ARIMA (p, d, q) forecasts from 2010 up to 2015 were made and production of milk in 2015 was estimated at 47492 t.

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Muhammad Kashif Maan1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Muhammad Ijaz2, Hamid Akbar1, Sajid Umar 3 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*
...during lengthy surgical procedures like ovariohysterectomy.
...

 Javid Iqbal, Asghar Ali Mian, Tanveer Ahmad*, Shamsul Hassan** and Sohail Hassan Khan* 

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT ECONOMIC TRAITS OF FOUR IMPORTED BROILER STRAINS UNDER LOCAL CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN
... from each strain) were procured from the local hatcheries and designated as four treatments i.e., A (Hubbard), B (Arbor Acres), C (Ross 308) and D (Hybro PN). The chicks were raised under recommended rearing requirements for 7 weeks and the economic traits measured were body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, antibody titres, dressing percentage and economic evaluation as cost of broiler per kilogram live weight produced. The average...

 Shahida N.Khokhar*

CROP INOCULANTS- AN UNDEREXPLORED POTENTIAL IN AGRICULTURE
...n paradigm from use of agrochemicals to green way of life. Bioinoculants are in perfect harmony with the concept of Evergreen Revolution. They have the potential to improve value cost ratio (VCR) of agricultural production. Pakistan faces increase in degraded lands, water shortage, energy crisis, all contributing to poverty. During last two decades, many efforts were made to address the issue through developing and applying the inoculants. Several research ins...

 Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai, Saeeda Raza* and Shahzad Arshad Saleem**

MICROBIAL COUNT AND SHELF LIFE OF STRAWBERRY JUICE
...gical and physiological processes. At day 0; pH 3.2, color bright 2 -1 red, excellent flavor, TPC 2.7 x 10 cfu g were recorded, while no yeast or mould were found. After one week, the pH 3.6, dull red color, TPC 2 -1 3 -1 5 -1 2.25x10 cfug , yeast 1.7x10 cfu g and mould 1.6x10 cfu g were observed. 2 While after two weeks (day 14) color was brown while pH 4.0, TPC 1.9x10 -1 6 -1 5 -1 cfu g , yeast 2.47x10 cfu g and mould 1.6x10 cfu g were noticed. Yeast, mould ...

 A.A. Mengal* , M. U. Mallah, Z. A. Mirani* and B. N. Siddiqui**

AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
...h a systematic sampling procedure. The response rate was 82.67%. A detailed and comprehensive questionnaire was used for measuring the effectiveness of extension activities performed by public and private sector extension field staff. The results revealed that a number of farmers received visits from private extension field staff on a fortnightly, monthly and quarterly basis, but not from public extension staff during these periods. When public field staff did...

 Adnan Umair*, Safdar Ali**, Muhammad Sarwar***, Kashif Bashir**, Muhammad Javed Tareen**** and Muhammad Asghar Malik*****

ASSESSMENT OF SOME PRIMING TECHNIQUES IN MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA) : A GREEN HOUSE STUDY
...point where germination process begin but radical emergence does not occur. A pot experiment was conducted in a green house. The seeds were invigorated by traditional soaking (hydropriming), osmo-conditioning using phosphorous (KH PO ; 2 4 -1 200 mM and 400 mM), mannitol (20 and 40 gl ), polyethylene glycol (50 and -1 -1 100 gl ), sodium molybdate dihydrate (0.2 and 0.4 gl ) and hormonal priming by salicylic acid (10 and 20 ppm). Untreated dry seeds were used ...

Tanzila Kazmi*, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry*, Aftab Ahmed** and Shaheer Ellahi Khan**

FARMERS BELIEFS ABOUT INDIGENOUS FARMING PRACTICES AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
...nowledge is a long term process and demands a complete approach to achieve destined goals. On the other hand it was also found that the lack of knowledge is a hindrance to achieve required outcome(s) from modern techniques. Thus, the public institutes need to be strengthened so that the transitional lag may be bridged and farmers may also get required production.

...

 Frasat Saeed*, Jehanzeb Farooq*, Abid Mahmood**, Tassawar Hussain***, Muhammad Riaz* and Saghir Ahmad****

GENETIC DIVERSITY IN UPLAND COTTON FOR COTTON LEAF CURL VIRUS DISEASE, EARLINESS AND FIBER QUALITY
.... Different statistical procedures like cluster, principle components (PC) and correlation analysis were employed to identify the suitable genotypes that can be further exploited in breeding programme. Significant associations were found between yield contributing trait, boll weight and fiber related trait, staple length. Earliness related traits, like st st days taken to 1 square and days taken to 1 flower had positive correlation with each other and both the...

 Munir Ahmad*, Asif Ali Mirani**, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood**, Tanveer Ahmad** and Muhammad Azhar Saeed**

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CROSS-FLOW RICE DRYERS
... postharvest drying and processing technologies. About 70% of the rice produced in the country is dried through sun heat. which is one of the major causes of reducing head rice recovery during the milling operation. Recently, cross-flow rice dryers have been adopted in the rice milling industry of the country. The heat source of these cross-flow dryers can be a gas or rice husk. This study focussed on the performance evaluation of cross-flow rice dryers with b...

 Nusrat Habib*, Saima Rani*, Sabeen Siddiqui*, Shah Zaman** and Muhammad Zubair Anwar*

IMPACT OF MAJOR FARM INPUTS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGARCANE: A CASE STUDY IN TEHSIL KOT ADDU, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ors which affect on the proceeds of sugarcane growers. The results revealed that costs of land preparation, DAP and urea were highly significant at 1% level with positive coefficients 0.94, 0.23 and 0.76, respectively. The cost of FYM was significant at 1% level with negative impact on sugarcane productivity (-0.07). The coefficient 2 of multiple determinations R was 0.72, which designated that 72% deviation in the productivity of sugarcane was elucidated by a...

 Muhammad Sharif*, Muhammad Azam Niazi* and Abdul Jabbar**

SEAFOOD EXPORTS: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD
...enhancement of the fish processing for export, provision of adequate facilities at fish markets and formulation of sustainable fishing policies are ways forward for the sustainable development of seafood resources development in the country.

...

 Muhammad Shahzad*, Ayesha Tahir**, Naveed Jehan*** and Muhammad Luqman*

IMPACT OF DIFFERENT PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES ON POSTHARVEST LOSSES OF STONE FRUITS IN SWAT PAKISTAN
...tionate random sampling procedure. Quantitative losses were estimated through percentage method while partial losses were estimated at the wholesale and retail level by price differential method. Multiple regression analysis was employed to find relation between post-harvest losses and different factors at three different stages. Findings of the study revealed the channel of cardboard box technology accounted for post-harvest losses of 10.49% while at farm lev...

 Mazher Abbas*, Irfan Mehmood*, Arshed Bashir*, Muhammad Ather Mehmood* and Sonila Hassan* 

WOMEN COTTON PICKERS PERCEPTIONS ABOUT HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO PESTICIDE USE IN IRRIGATED PUNJAB
...king regarding food and groceries while 30.6% women involved in decision about education of children. It is suggested that the female cotton pickers should be educated about the importance (in terms of disease treatment and long-run health costs) of using safety measures during and after cotton picking.

...

 Riaz Hussain*, Muhammad Riaz** and Mushtaq A. Saleem***

TOXICITIES OF AZADIRACHTIN AND POLYCHLORINATED PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON AGAINST RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS OF TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) ADULTS
...chlorinated petroleum hydrocarbon (Tenekil 100 EC). The LC values of these insecticides were worked out as 12830 and 50 9331 ppm for azadirachtin and 5148 and 4047 ppm for Tenekil 100 EC against PAK and FSS-II strains, respectively. The results revealed that polychlorinated petroleum hydrocarbon was more toxic than the azadirachtin. Furthermore, both the insecticides were equally toxic to the adult beetles of T. castaneum as...

 Syed Asif Imran Shah*, Shah Jehan Khan**, Abdul Aziz Baloch*** ,
Obaid Ullah Sayal**, Kalim Ullah* andShujaat Ali**

COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS IN VARIOUS INBRED LINES OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
...ility of direct and reciprocal effects were observed for all attributes. Azam -1 proved good combiner for days to 50% silking and kernel rows ear while -1 Islamabad Gold for kernels ear and grain yield. Islamabad White × Sadaf was the best combiner for grain yield. For reciprocal effects, BS-I × Sahiwal -1 -1 2002 proved good combiner for kernels row and kernels ear while BS-I × Islamabad White for grain yi...

 Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Tariq Hassan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saleem Abid*, Irum Raza* and Saqib Shakeel Abbasi*

ASSESSMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING COURSE UNDER WATERSHED PROJECT AT FATEHJANG FIELD STATION, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...hnologies to foster the process of adoption. For this purpose Climate and Alternate Energy Water Resources Institute, NARC, organized a professional training on “Water Rehabilitation and Irrigation Technology Improvements” in April, 2014 in collaboration with ICARDA and USDA. Twenty seven professionals from different organizations and departments namely; AlMustafa Development Network (ADN), Taleem Foundation, Islamic International University (IIUI)...

 Doulat Baig*, Fida Mohammad Abbasi*, Habib Ahmed*, Maqsood Qamar** and Muhammad Ayub Khan**

RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL TRAITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
...rement of the metabolic processes for the vegetative, reproductive growth and yield of the crop. The protein is wholly dependent upon the amount of nitrogen fertilization available in soil for the plant use. A two year study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan. The experiment was aimed to –1 –1 evaluate the effect of different nitrogen (N) levels (N = 0 kgha , N = 60 kgha , N = 0 1 2 &...

 Muhammad Mudasar Aslam ⃰, Muhammad Jamil**, Ijaz Malook**, Amana Khatoon*, Ali Rehman*, Abdur Rahim***, Pirzada Khan*, Shakir Ullah Khan Shakir*, Shahid Irfan*, Faizan Ullah****, Khair Ul Bashar**, Mahideen Afridi** and Shafiq Ur Rehman*

PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA, TAMARIX APHYLLA AND PEGANUM HARMALA ON PLANT GROWTH OF WHEAT AND MUSTARD
...c effects of Calotropis procera, Tamarix aphylla and Peganum harmala on seed germination and seedling length of wheat and mustard. Results showed that seed germination of wheat was significantly decreased by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% while mustard seeds were resistant and were affected by higher dilutions (15%, 20% and 25%) of all plant extracts. Roots of both wheat and mustard were highly affected by plant aqueous extracts at all concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%,...

  Mohammad Umar Farooq* , Sarfraz Ahmad ** , Mohammad Islam and Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar ***

ASSESSING THE STATUS OF CARBON POOL IN TWO RANGELAND GRASSES ( ) IN POTHWAR, REGION, PAKISTAN
...ring the photosynthesis process via plant biomass is the extent of this atmospheric gas. Data for above and below phytomass for two rangeland grasses was collected and carbon pool was estimated by Wet Combustion and Dry Combustion method. Four transect lines were drawn in each experimental plot. Twenty four samples of each experimental plot were collected with the help of ADC one m quadrat method, weighed and then oven dried at 60 C to find out the dry weight ...

 Arshia Naeem*, Maria Anjum*, Mariam Rehman*, Zahid Mahmood** and Muhammad Asif Kamran**

AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM TO FACILITATE FARMERS IN WHEAT, SUGARCANE AND OTHER CROP DISEASES IDENTIFICATION
...rom web application and processes them to identify crop disease. The proposed platform was evaluated in collaboration with researchers from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad by employing walkthrough and survey with farmers and agriculturists. The study is first attempt in terms of practical usage of ICT tools to bridge research and extension gap and can be used by agricultural policy makers to support agricultural services for farming com...

Khalid Khan*1, Muhammad Abdul Kamal2, Saubia Ramazan3, Gulawar Khan4, Gulzar Ali5 and Sheharyar Ahmed

... and devise easy credit procedures for the small farmers, will ultimately result in alleviating the problem of poverty and unemployment in the region.  

...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Zafarullah Baloch3 

... farmers for producing, processing and marketing of dates in Panjgur-Balochistan, Pakistan. Snowball sampling technique was used to select 90 respondents. The data revealed that average age of the farmers was 53.9 years with education from secondary to graduate level. The results of the study showed that many of the farmers on average have 10 acres of land under date palm cultivation with more than 57 date palm trees per acre on average. It is also observed th...
Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1,*, Shagufta Andleeb2, Maha Tahir1, Beenish Zahid1 and Madeeha Arshad1
...developed cerebellum, microcardia, necrosis in atrium, underdeveloped ventricles, hydropericardium and necrosis of the liver. Skeleton analysis of cadmium treated groups showed mostly un-ossified skeletons. The control mice showed normal ossification as compared to experimental groups. Morphological, histological and skeletal studies of fetuses treated cadmium chloride along with guava fruit extract revealed ameliorative effects on various kinds of birth defec...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,*, Sarfraz Ali Tunio1, Shaista Bano Memon1, Abdul Sattar Qureshi2 and Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto
...gical and physiological processes, particularly involved in the hydrolysis of complex organic materials. Several pathogenic microbial species utilize enzymes as virulence factors to cause diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate enzymatic activities of the bacterial strain Shigella dysenteriae IM using API-ZYM test system. Out of nineteen different enzymes, S. dysenteriae IM strain was capable to poroduce nine enzymes, i.e., ...
Grace C. Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie, Christopher D. Nwani*, R.N.N. Obiezue and I.C. Okoye
...e collected by standard procedures within the study duration. Meteorological data on relative humidity and temperature was obtained from Centre for Basic Space Science, Nsukka, Enugu State. Overall recorded malaria prevalence at the hospitals from January to July was 72.8%. Malaria prevalence was highest in the month of July (90.3%) and least in February (55.4%). Majority of these infections were mild. Overall, more females compared to males were infected in t...
Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie, Joseph O. Okoro, Christopher Didigwu Nwani*, Ngozi Ezenwaji, Ndubisi Stanley Oluah and Fabian C. Okafor
...eing very abundant (Reciprocal Simpson index = 2.80). A thorough understanding of the snails helminthes parasite life cycles, associated host morbidity, and direct and indirect cost of such parasitism to human is important, first for human health and welfare, secondly for sustainable snail farming, and finally for maintenance of snail biodiversity.
...
Lili Zhang, Yuanxiao Wang, Yili Kong, Hussain Ahmad, Rui Yan, Li Dong, Jingfei Zhang and Tian Wang*
... 0.03 kg) at birth were procured. Blood samples were collected at 28, 66, and 160 days of age from both groups. Longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected from four selected pigs at 160 days of age. Body weight, ADG and ADFI were decreased significantly by IUGR from birth to 160 days of age (P<0.05). At 28 and 160 days of age, the serum urea nitrogen levels of the IUGR pigs were significantly higher than the NBW pigs (P<0.05). The serum insul...
María Magdalena Crosby-Galván1, Bernardino Espinoza-Velasco1 and Mónica Ramirez-Mella2,*
...with different forms of processed residue of chihua pumpkin.
...
Syeda Madiha, Zehra Batool, Saiqa Tabassum, Laraib Liaquat, Sadia Sadir, Tahira Perveen and Saida Haider*

 

...cits, biochemical and neurochemical alterations. Rotenone was injected subcutaneously at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg for 8 days. Supplementation of curcumin (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was started before 15 days of rotenone injection. The effects of curcumin pre-treatment were evaluated by different motor behavioral parameters (pole test, Kondziela’s inverted screen test, inclined plane test, open field test, beam walking test and footprint test). Biochemical and ne...
Shagufta Andleeb*1, Fariha Zahid1, Noor-ul-Ain1, Yousra Nisar1, Chaman Ara2
...isrupted embryos with microcephly, hydrocephaly, short neck, micromelia, amelia, micrognathia, agnathia, cataract, ectopiacordis, omphalocoel, axis distortion, anencephaly, anophthalmia, microphthalmia, phocomelia with reduced body weight and crown- rump length in all dose groups were obtained. Adverse histological changes appeared in the form of disrupted and malformed visceral organs, vertebral bone and spina bifida as com...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1,*, Ghulam Murtaza1, Farid Asif Shaheen2 , Fatima Zafar1
...nd Dalmatian pelican), Agrochemical Contamination (Black-tailed godwit and Fish bird) Heavy Metal Pollution Contamination (Cattle egrets), Unsustainable Fisheries Practices (Ducks), invasive species (Little egret and Night herone) and illegal hunting (Geese, Ducks, Siberian cranes and Bustards) have resulted in the decline of species abundance.. Regular conduct of surveys for important migratory birds to assess the population trend, abundance and patterns of t...
Noor Fatima1, Muhammad Irfan2,*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
...8h). After pretreatment process, cellulase production was achieved by solid substrate which was conducted in 250mL capacity Erlenmeyer flask in which incubation of Bacillus subtilis was carried out for 24 h of fermentation period at temperature of 50oC. Results showed that cellulase production was greatly affected by the thermochemical pretreatment as compared to the chemical pretreatment. At the pretreatment condition of 1% H2SO
Huma Ayub1,Iftikhar Ahmad2, Syed Lal Shah3,*, Muhammad Zafarullah Bhatti4, Nuzhat Shafi5 and Mazhar Qayyum1
...97, Simpson’s Reciprocal Index 12.25 to 37.69 and Pielou’s Evenness Index 0.94 to 1.0. The zooplankton community was found abundant in summer as compared to winter. The copepods were found dominant followed by rotifers and cladocerans for entire study period. The spatial distribution of zooplankton was not found prominent as compared to their seasonal distribution. However, rotifers showed spatial difference among sampling stations (ANOVA, p...
Leila A. Kaimbayeva1,*, Elena S. Malysheva2, Rashit Kazikhanov3 and Saule R. Kazikhanova4
...e red deer, immediately processed for isolation of muscular fibers and were evaluated for the pH, water-binding power, activities of tissue enzymes and microstructure changes. The results of chemical analysis revealed the nature of protein substances, altered рН value of the meat and the intensity of glycolysis. All these parameters were indicative of autolysis process in the meat. The levels of water-binding cap...
Amna Kausar1,2, Sana Anwar1, Naila Siddique2, Safia Ahmed1 and Javid Iqbal Dasti1,*
...me samples were further processed for the isolation of virus by embryonated egg inoculation technique. Moreover, out of 507 samples, 479 serum samples were scrutinized by enzyme linked immunosorbent essay (ELISA). Sero-prevalence of AIV among different species of wild birds was as follows; peacock (n=35; 14%), duck (n=5; 2%), migratory water fowl (n=3; 1%), pheasant (n=2; 0.8%), grey leg goose (n=1; 0.4%), turkey (n=1; 0.4%), eagle (n=1; 0.4%) and crane (n=1; ...
Shuai Shang1,2, Honghai Zhang2,*, Xiaoyang Wu2, Qinguo Wei2, Jun Chen1, Huanxin Zhang1, Huaming Zhong2 and Xuexi Tang1,*
...oon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) was still unknown. As a true omnivorous mammal, the Tas2r genes may play a critical role in food selection of raccoon dogs. Thus, we explored the evolution of Tas2r genes in raccoon dogs. In this study, Tas2r genes including eleven intact genes and four pseudogenes from raccoon dogs were identified for the first time. We also obtained Tas2r genes from fourteen additional species based on the...
Jiji Li*, Tianyang Zu, Xiangli Dong, Xiao Yang, Wei Liu and Changwen Wu
...roaker (Larimichthys crocea). The results revealed that the immunological effect of CCLs in the croaker is weaker than that of other fish, and revealed the infectivity of the large yellow croaker. Thus, these findings could help to develop methods of disease resistance in the aquaculture industry.
...

Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Zahir Shah1 and Farmanullah Khan1 

...MF-4 (Gloeocapsa) and Microcoleus-MMF-5 (Cryophilus) were applied randomly to flooded rice in pots. Five seedlings of rice (Kianat cv.) were transplanted to each pot on 18th of July 2016. The growth of rice crop was maintained for about 3 months and 12 days and shoots harvested on October 30, 2016. The data were recorded on agronomic parameters and rice shoots and roots tissue analysis for various nutrients uptake/concentration. The data revealed that all stra...
Ghulam Muhae-ud-Din1,4, Anam Moosa1, Umer Farooq Ghummen1, Muhammad Jabran1, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed2, Abdul Jabbar1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1,3,*
...us and Carrisa macrocarpa were moderately susceptible, Murraya paniculata and Ficus benjamina were susceptible, F. elastica, Artemissia stelleriana and Duranta repens were highly susceptible to M. incognita infection according to a well established 0-4 galling scale.  The highest galling index and reproductivity of nematodes, i.e., total number of egg masses, juveniles and females, were observed ...

Baharullah Khattak1*, Saifullah2, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharraf Ahmad2, Asad Ali2, Mohammad Junaid2, Ijaz Ahmad Khan3, Taj Ali Khan1 and Mubbashir Hussain1 

...plified polymorphic DNA procedure. A selected set of three random primers was used for this purpose, which resulted in 113 bands on gel for the 15 isolates of T. harzianum. The analysis of the bi-variate data, using Unweighted Paired Groups Method Averages, divided the indigenous isolates of Trichoderma, into four well-defined clusters. These results clearly revealed that there were considerable genetic differences among the Trichoderma isolates. While, there ...

Safdar Ali1*, Obaidullah Shafique1, Tariq Mahmood2, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Ijaz Ahmed3 and Bashir Ahmad Khan

...acturing of innovative agrochemicals and novel delivery mechanisms to enhance crop production and decrease in pesticide use. Nanotechnology also contributes in increasing the crop yield in agriculture. One of the major contribution of nanotechnology in the field of agriculture is the formulation of nano based pesticides and fertilizers for increased crop production. Precise farming techniques can promote crop production without damaging soil and water, reducin...
Arshad Mahmood Malik1, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2, Sarfraz Ahmed Mian2 and Atta Ullah Khan2
... involved in production process and revenue earned from selling of the produce in both local and in export market. Yield of hydroponic tomatoes was measured in hectares. Benefit cost ratio was studied and other measures of performance like export intensity, local penetration ratio etc. were also analyzed. Average yield of hydroponic tomatoes was found to be 161.8±6.6 ton per hectare as against 10.07±0.4 in open field. The BCR was found positive a...
Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam1, Iram Gull1, Zaigham Abbas2,* and Muhammad Amin Athar1
...o make its purification process more convenient.
...
Hongqun Li1, Xiaoli Liu2,*, Zhenmin Lian3,RenheWang4, Yongbin Wang4, Yongyao Fu1 andDingyi Wang5
...ts have a preference for rock-cavities. Therefore, based on nest-site selection of this eared pheasant, we strongly suggest that moderate logging activity and prohibition of local peoples’ firewood collection in the core areas may provide some optimal nest habitat for the brown-eared pheasant.
...
Niamatullah Kakar, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Shafee and Tauseef Asmat*
...ail inmates. Sputum was processed for smear microscopy and culture inoculation for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Moreover, the suspected samples were further investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three samples were found positive by PCR test while other detection methods were not that sensitive to detect the tuberculosis at that stage. Two patients were reported with history of tuberculosis but were effectively...
Muhammad Mohsin Ahsan1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2,*, Khizar Samiullah3
...eport the scorpion Androctonus finitimus (Pocock, 1897) from several areas of Punjab, Pakistan. This scorpion species has not been previously documented from this part of the country, highlighting the wide distribution of this specie across the country. We identified that A. finitimus prefers dry sandy habitat with lower vegetation. This information furthers our scientific understanding on the existing record of this scorpion species in Pa...

Ashraf Sayed Awaad1 and Mohamed Zaki Fathy2*  

...ace between the spinous processes in this area was 1.58 ±0.089 cm and easily to be detected. The needle was inserted properly and more easily in the epidural space of the selected new site by using US. In conclusion, The L5-L6 space was considered as a new selected site for epidural analgesia in goats because it was easier and safer to perform without causing either discomfort to the animals or injury to the spinal cord. 

...
Thomas W. Clark
...ization of human nature proceeds apace, driven by science, in particular neuroscience as it maps the brain processes that mediate choice and behavior. Where the soul once presided, there are, it turns out, only neurons in fantastically complex structures which somehow maintain the coherent psychological and behavioral pattern – character, beliefs, desires – that constitutes each of us as a person. The feeling of ...
Tengfei Lu1, Wenhua Pei1, Shuang Zhang2, Yangnan Wu1, Fenghao Chen2, Xiao Han2 and Weijun Guan1,*
...tocyte-like cells after procedure induction. The results showed that the AMSCs obtained from sheep demonstrated the features of multipotent stem cells. Therefore, AMSCs could be a good option for transplantation for treatment and regenerative medical projects.
...
Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq1, Amer Jamal Hashmat1, Ejazul Islam1, Muhammad Afzal1, Abid Mahmood2, Muhammad Ibrahim2,*, Muhammad Nawaz3,*, Shahid Nadeem4 and Qaiser Mahmood Khan1
...tile effluent using electrochemical techniques on pilot scale (70 L). One of the major problems encountered in the textile industry is the production of large volumes of highly colored wastewater. The scope of this new electrochemical treatment is a significant advance to the existing technologies. There were four different treatments employed as; T1: wastewater, T2: wastewater with 0.1% electrolyte, T3: diluted wastewater (...
Musrrat Fatima, Muhammad Saad Khan, Hamid Rashid, Asim Mehmood, Sumaira Kanwal, Muhammad Asif Rasheed and Farrukh Jamil*
...ts role in developing microcephaly and GBS Syndrome. There is a need to develop drugs against ZIKV. Here we uses pharmacoinformatics techniques to identify potential inhibitors against ZIKV protease NS2B-NS3, which has a well-known role in the viral replication. By using three dimensional structure of the NS2B-NS3, an allosteric site has been identified in the protein. Moreover, the identified site is used for structure-based virtual screening. After screening...
Zhuanxia Chen1, Ningping Tao1,*, Xiao Qin1 and Dayong Liu2
...h different preparatory procedures which were used in traditional. The taste of Takifugu obscurus under different conditions were analyzed by sensory evaluation and electronic tongue technique. The characteristic of the taste substances were tested, such as free amino acids, nucleotides, trimethylamine oxide and betaine. Results showed that umami was the most prominent flavor. Compared with liver, IMP is the main flavor nucleotide in meat. However, the ...
Bin Wang1, 2, Qianji Ning1,*, Qian Wang2, Wei Peng2, Tong Hao2,*and Jinsheng Sun2,*
...ionship between molting process and the changes of membrane. The results of this work provide a theoretical basis of the further elucidation of the molting mechanism for E. sinensis.
...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Ikramul Haq1,*, Imdad Ullah Khan3, Naimat Ullah4, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Kashif Hussain1 and Azmat Ullah Khan2
...fringens type D was procured from Veterinary Research Institute Peshawar. The immunogenicity of toxoid vaccines and bacterin toxoid vaccine were studied and compared initially in rabbits and then in goats and sheep. Experimental trials were conducted on 54 healthy animals of each species and were divided into three equal groups (n=18). The antibody titers were evaluated with indirect haemagglutination test. The results indicated significantly higher (P<...
Muhammad Shahid Saeed1, Adeela Shahid2, Samia Jawed3, Muhammad Akram4, Irshad Hussain Qureshi5 
...and intravenous (I/V) Hydrocortisone. The study group was given 2gm of MgS04 intravenously in 20 minutes in a burette and Placebo group was given placebo (0.9% normal saline). Salbutamol inhalation was given at regular intervals and Spirometry was performed to determine lung functions.
Results: The two groups (study group and placebo-treated group) were compared for FEV1, FEV1% predicted, PEFR and PEFR % pred...
Riffat Mehboob1*, Shahida Perveen2, Naseer Ahmed3
...roadenoma (FA), 81 of fibrocystic disease (FCD), 64 of breast abscess (BA), 12 of granulomatous mastitis (GM), 7 of lipoma, 5 of phylloides tumor (PL), 4 of fibrosis (F), 2 of intraductal papilloma (IDP) and 3 of accessory breast with Fibrocystic (FC) changes. The relation between the ages and frequency of the different types of lesions was also analyzed to understand the association between predisposing factors and the natu...

Abdul Basit1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,4*, Sohail Ahmed2, Gohar Ali2 and Muhammad Javaid

...ld. Melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) is the key pest of M. charantia and other cucurbitaceous vegetables incurring 30 to 100% crop loss. This study evaluated the use of refractive color sheets on fruit fly incidence and infestation on bitter gourd plants and compared it with reduced-risk insecticide formulations of spinosad. Refractive sheets of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, black and white were installed in M. charantia beds at three di...

Saeed Ullah1, Amanullah Jan1, Murad Ali2*, Wiqar Ahmad3, Hafeez Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Ishaq2 and Bilal Ahmad2  

...d complete block design procedure replicated four times. Pods number plant-1 (PN), grain yield (GY) biological yield (BY), and harvest index (HI) were significantly increased by 9, 4, 23 and 8%, respectively over the control with fertilizer banding compared with broadcast. Plots receiving 10 kg Zn ha-1 registered a significant increase of 8, 9, 4, 27 and 9%, in plant height (PH), PN, GY, BY and HI, respectively over the control, and recorded the lowest number ...
Muhammad Kashif Munir1*, Sana Rehman1, Rizwan Iqbal1, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Muhammad Aasim1
...hod. All specimens were processed for culture and drug sensitivity by drug proportion method using Lowenstein Jensen medium as well as GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay.
Results: A total of 125 subjects were registered in present study including 64 (51.2%) males and 61 (48.8%) females of age 15 years and above with mean age of 36.9±14.99. Sensitivity and specificity of the assay was observed as 92.1% and 93.5%, respectively. Association of rifa...
Sahar Naz1, Farhan Rasheed2, Muhammad Saeed3*, Shagufta Iram4 and Ambereen Anwar Imran5
...ahore. Every sample was processed for bacterial culture. Bacterial identification was performed according to standard guidelines. Every gram-negative isolate was further processed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by modified Kirby Baur disc diffusion method. Zone sizes were interpreted according to CLSI 2016 guidelines. Next day every carbapenem-resistant isolate were further proce...
Munir Ahmad1, Aisha Hameed2*, Saba Khaliq3, Hamid Saeed Malik4 and Shahida Mohsin5
...as performed and RT-PCR procedure was conducted to detect TEL-AML1 fusion oncogene.
Results: Out of 66 samples, frequency of TEL-AML1 fusion oncogene was detected in 5 subjects (7.6%). Almost all TEL-AML1 positive patients carried FAB ALL-L1, B-Lineage immunophenotype, mean hemoglobin level of 6g/dl and age from 3 to 5 years. All these features are related to good prognosis.
Conclusion: To conclude, we reported 7.6% freque...
Shumaila Irum1, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal*2 and Fatima Naumeri3
...acilitates the learning processing. The most commonly used tool, to measure it, is Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM).
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the perceptions of medical students in pre-clinical years about educational environment in a public sector medical college of Pakistan and to compare the DREEM scores with previous published scores.
Material and Methods: The DREEM questionnai...
Ayesha Noreen1, Dilara A. Bukhari2 and Abdul Rehman1,*
...solvents and ozone. The processes running in the cell membranes, peroxisomes, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum also generate ROS. ROS can be activated by numerous external factors, and play an important role in cancer growth and metastasis. ROS and tumor cell interaction could activate the signalling pathways, promoting cell proliferation, invasion, inducing angiogenesis, inflammation and cellular transformation in cancer. A better understanding into the...
S. Jalbani1, N. T. Narejo2,*, P. Khan2 and Y.M. Jalbani3
...ences between total erythrocytes count, hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of the two sexes. Male fish had total erythrocytes 5.05 ± 0.5 × 106 and hemoglobin content 11.5 ± 1.5 g/in ml compared to 4.04 ± 0.5 × 106 and 7.3 ± 1.3 g/in ml in the female. The female fish had significantly higher values of ESR...
Ansar Ahmed Abbasi1,*, Kathrin Blasius2-4, Imtiaz Ahmed6, Hao Hu7, Sylvie Picker-Minh2-4,8, Muhammad Nasim Khan5, Khalid Hameed1, Aneela Gulnaz1, Zahid Latif5, Abdul Rauf5 and Angela M. Kaindl2-4,8
...mal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe reduction in the brain volume that affects especially the neocortex, and intellectual disability. To date 17 genes have been linked with this disease. Biallelic mutations in the abnormal spindle-like, microcephaly associated gene ASPM causes MCPH type 5, the most common MCPH subtype. In the current study we recruite...

Kashif Akbar* and Muhammad Ayub 

...s recorded in F2 (7.32) proceeded by F0 (6.99) whereas minimum mean score was recorded in F6 (6.37) proceeded by F5 (6.47). 

...
Jingen Xu1, Yang Liu2, Erhui Jin1, Youfang Gu1, Qin Zhang3 and Shenghe Li1,*
... involved in biological processes, including the G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway, intrinsic to membrane, cell junction and ion transport. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction was significantly enriched. The results offer a foundation for exploration of immune functions and genetic control of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets. Also, several differentially expressed immune-related genes may be can...

Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Irfan Chani1 and Muhammad Afzal2 

.... Lengthy formal credit procedure, political and bureaucratic influence and misallocation of credit utilization are major constraints in lowering overall agriculture output. Adequate farmer’s friendly policies and proper legislative measures are necessary for the smooth flow of increasing agriculture output and overcoming financial constraints. 

...
Hafiz Manzoor Ahmad1,*, Hamad Bin Rashid1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Muhammad Rafi Ullah2 and Usman Ghani1
...p were given ketamine hydrochloride (15 mg/kg) and xylazine (5 mg/kg), while K+X+D group were given ketamine hydrochloride (15 mg/kg), xylazine (2.5 mg/kg) and diazepam (2.5mg/kg) cocktail, respectively. The birds were monitored for 130 min post administration for various physiological parameters like; body temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate with normal averages 105.02±0.12ºF, 103.75±3.18 beats/m...
Binbin Shan, Yan Liu, Changping Yang, Shengnan Liu and Dianrong Sun*
... ontologies: biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Moreover, 18,621 unigenes were mapped 25 different clusters of eukaryotic proteins. In addition, a total of 17,671 unigenes were classified into 311 KEGG pathways. Finally, we predicted the coding sequences of 13,072 unigenes and obtained 9,222 SSRs in the present study. The whole transcriptome is an important foundation for future genomic research on the P. penicillatus...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
.... Before the definition process, the data on socio-economic (age, province, educational level, experience, social security, lands and the reason at ranching of the animal breeders) and biological factors (sex, first live weight before fattening and fattening period of the beef cattle) were recorded from the related beef cattle enterprises. For the statistical evaluation of MARS algorithm, the package “earth” of the R software was employed based on ...

Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali, Liaquat Ali Jamali, Shakeel Ahmed Soomro*, Shakeel Hussain Chattha, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto, Naseer Ahmed Abbasi and Noor Mehdi Qumi  

...s during sugar recovery process are of severe problems which are caused by delayed transportation with unfavorable storage conditions. Keeping the fact in view a study observing post-harvest losses of sugarcane was carried out at the Department of Farm Structures, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. Freshly harvested SPF-234 sugarcane variety was collected and stored for 10 days under two different methods i.e. one kept open and other covered with sugarcan...
Rahim Dad Brohi1,*, Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro1, Allah Bux Kachiwal1, Illahi Bux Kalhoro1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1, Sarfaraz Ahmed2, Farhan Anwar Khan3, Hira Sajjad Talpur1, Zia-ur-Rehman1 and Dinesh Bhattaria4
...ication with xylazine hydrochloride (0.02 mg/kg) has been studied on six healthy female sheep using a crossover design. During xylazine therapy the pulse rate was significantly (P<0.01) decreased, but respiratory rate remained unchanged. The administration of anesthesia on the other hand caused a significant (P<0.01) increase in the pulse rate and a significant (P<0.01) decrease in the respiratory rate. The body temperature decreased (P<0.01) with ...

Safina Naz1, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Bushra Siddique3 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4

...the standard analytical procedures during 2014. The highest values for ash contents were detected in Abelmoschus esculentus (1.34 g/100g), moisture contents in Lycopericon esculentum (93.7%), protein in Spinacia oleracea (2.23g/100g), fats and fiber in Abelmoschus esculentus (0.44g/100g and 3.27g/100g, respectively), ascorbic acid in Spinacia oleracea (84.5mg/100g) and carbohydrate and energy values in Daucus carota (11.25g/100g and 55.80 cal, respectively). W...
Şehriban Çek Yalnız 1,* and Erdal Yilmaz2
...ed and disappeared. Erythrocytes and leukocytes were also detected at the advance stage of atresia. Apoptosis in the granulosa cells were clearly detected. The chromatin condensation against the nuclear envelope, cell shrinkage, surface blebbing and generation of apoptotic bodies by cell fragmentation were evidence of apoptosis. In pre and postovulatory follicles, karyorhexis and the budding phenomena were clearly detected. Karyorhexis and budding phenomena we...
Saima Shahzad Mirza1,*, Hafiz Muhammad Qamer2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3,*, Rana Shoaib Akram4
... correlation of weaning process in infants above 6 months of age with their mothers’ literacy level, employment, physical and financial health. This study was conducted at Kishwar Fazal Teaching Hospital Lahore in an OPD pediatrics. For this purpose, cross sectional survey data of 34 conservative mothers was analyzed, obtained by means of questionnaire. Initiation of weaning process at proper time is found to be somewh...
Ammara Afzal1, Tazmeen Fatima1, Maham Tabassum1, Muhammad Nadeem2*, Muhammad Irfan3, Quratulain Syed2
... and fermentation (SSF) process. Fungal strains of Saccharomyces cervisae, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma koninji and Trichoderma harzianum was used for subsequent process using saw dust as substrate. Three major processes convert lignocelluloses to bioethanol i.e. pretreatment of biomass, enzymatic hydrolysis of raw material and fermentation. The sawdust was pretreat...
Moorthy S. Muthuswamy
... divides radicalization processes into primary and secondary ones; the former are identified with the onset of radicalization in a community, and the latter develop in communities with longstanding exposure to the phenomenon. A new analysis of a 2013 Pew Research Center report suggests that sharia’s popularity in a community can make religious leaders and their radical ideas highly influential, while in communities where sharia has little influence, reli...

Muhammad Israr1*, Saeed Ullah1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Asif Yaseen3, Urooba Pervaiz4 and Nafees Ahmad5 

...ulture land degradation process in northern irrigated plains of Pakistan by studying the perceptions of the farmers about the different dimensions of agriculture LD with the construction of LD index. For achieving this primary data was collected by proportionate random sampling techniques form 90 sampled farmers through face to face interview survey method by filling a questionnaire. Farmer’s perceptions on agriculture LD were measured through the extent...

Inzimamul Haq1*, Shahid Sattar1, Bashir Ahmed1, Qamar Zeb2 and Amjad Usman

...ng 2016. Treatments viz Proclaim (Emamectin benzoate® 1.9 EC) + T. chilonis, Confidor® (Imidacloprid 200 SL) + T. chilonis, Chlorpyrifos® 40 EC + T. chilonis, Neem seed extract + T. chilonis and release of T. chilonis alone were applied to the Jalal variety. For C. partellus infestation, the data was recorded on the basis of leaf injury scale from 1 to 5 and percent dead hearts. Results showed that Imidacloprid + T. chilonis resulted in significant...

Aneel Salman1, Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Muhammad Ashfaq2, Mudassar Rashid1 and Usman Shakoor1 

...es, and decision-making process is important for farmers’ successful adaptation strategies. Using data of 205 conventional farmers from three district of Punjab province, this study provides insights into farmers’ perceptions about climate change, on-going adaptation practices, and constraints to various adaption strategies. We found that majority of the farmers do not consider climate change as a potential threat to agriculture; therefore, they do...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela ZameerDurrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, KhushiMuhammad1,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal2

 

...ted. Blood samples were processed through complement fixation test and RT-PCR, while mosquito samples were processed through RT-PCR. Overall prevalence of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) in indigenous breeds of bovine was 63.33%, lower, than exotic breeds 64.66% which were found to be more prone to disease. In the case of buffalo breeds, prevalence was more in Nili Ravi buffalo, i.e. 36.6% than Kundi breed, i.e. 3...
Mouslim Bara1,2,* and Luciano N. Segura3
...ginous Duck (Aythya nyroca) and endangered White-headed Duck(Oxyura leucocephala). Our results highlight the importance of preserving the Garaet Hadj Tahar as a water bird refuge. 
...
Ashraf M. Mounir, A.N. El shahat* and A.M. Abdul Azeem
...ction of isoprenaline hydrochloride (100 mg/ kg B.Wt./day) to rats resulted in cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, hyper-lipidemia and increase cardiac marker enzymes. Treatment of rats with GFAE (45 mg/kg/day) prior to injection of ISO provide significant cardio-protective effects evidenced by an obvious reduction in the level of cardiac marker enzymes, inflammatory factors and lipid contents with marked improvement in the cardiac antioxidant statu...
Sajid Ali Khan1, Mazhar Hussain Ranjha1, Azhar Abbas Khan2,*, Muhammad Sagheer1, Amjad Abbas1 and Zeshan Hassan2
...a and Calotropis procera) against two different strains of T. granarium. Plant extracts were obtained by Rotary Shaker apparatus by using acetone as solvent. Four different concentrations 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were prepared by diluting in acetone. The data regarding mortality, growth regulation and repellency of T. granarium was observed. Repellency of plant extracts was tested using area preference method while for the growth regulator...
Zafar Iqbal*, Farah Ansar, Zil-e-Huma
...onas, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Moraxella, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus,. Carnobacterium. There has not been a single case of topically acquired infection among students, laboratory staff and the author throughout the whole period due to contact with these fish. One reason for this is the use of safety measures and precautions by the concerned; such as use of disposable gloves, thorough hand washing, using sterilized equipment,...
Amjad Islam Aqib1,*, Shagufta Nighat2, Rais Ahmed3, Saba Sana3, Muhammad Ameen Jamal4, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar2 , Naimat Ullah Khan5, Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Muhammad Asif Hussain5, Asadullah5, Attaur Rahman5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman5,*
...reus using standard procedures. Coagulase gene was PCR amplified from the clinical isolates to categorize them into Coagulase positive Staphylococci (CPS) and coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS). A questionnaire was used to record risk factors associated with occurrence of SCM and results were analyzed using non-probability statistical analysis. Results indicated that an overall 63.28% (243/384) of goats were found positive for SCM, of whi...

*Nageen Fatima1, Sadia Murawwat1 and Syeda Ameena Rizvi1

EVALUATION OF IMAGE COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES: AN IMPLEMENTATION OF TRUE COMPRESSION ON 2-D IMAGE
...ion and facilitates the process of an efficient compression.

...

 *Irum Javed1, Muhammad Asgher2, Sadia Noreen1, Humara Naz Majeed1 and Tanzila Sahar1

SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER FOR CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION USING AGRICULTURE RESIDUE AS SUBSTRATE
...idirectional beneficial process for cost effective manufacturing of citric acid and management of agro-industrial waste products. This project was carried out in order to evaluate the enhanced production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger using agro-industrial wastes. In the first step of study the liquid state fermentation (LSF) and solid state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus niger was compared using molasses based medium and the different carrier substrat...

Nadia Sharif1, *Neelma Munir1 and Shagufta Naz1

MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF ALGINATE
...t in nature; they are hydrocolloids, water soluble biopolymers. Alginate is a natural polysaccride that occur as 30 to 60% structural component of brown algae. Alginate favorable properties like ease of gelation and biocompatibility promote its applications in engineering and bio medical science.

...

Hareem Mohsin, Azka Asif*, Warda Fatima, Sarooj Nadeem, Anjum Nasim Sabri

Assessment of biocalcification by the water absorption test using microorganism from oil contaminated site
...an environment friendly process that includes the precipitation of protective layer of calcium carbonate on the cement based structures or buildings. In the present study, the biocalcification capacity of Bacillus pasteurii was studied on the cement samples. The cement samples were treated with urea and calcium salt (calcium carbonate) that act as a source of calcium along with the microorganism under optimum culture conditions. Alkaline conditions produced by...

 Hafiz Muhmmad Tahir1*, Rabia Yaqoob2

Comparing the efficiency of Taq DNA polymerase and PuRe Taq Ready-To-Go PCR beads in amplifying 12S and 16S ribosomal genes
... the efficiency of both procedures was not statistically significant for the 16S rDNA gene. Furthermore, Taq DNA polymerase was found only efficient for fresh samples while PuRe Taq Ready-To-Go PCR beads were equally efficient for both old and new tissue samples.

...

Muhammad Babar Khawar, Nadeem Sheikh*

Effect of paper industry leachate on various serological indices and serum proteins of wistar rats
...e) resulting from paper processing has become a serious issue now a day. So, current research was aimed to assess various toxic aspects of pulp and paper industry waste water. Study design involved the division of Wistar ratsof about 245±5g in three groups (n=5) viz, Control group (4ml/ kg normal saline), Group 1 (4ml/ kg leachate) and Group 2 (4ml/ kg 1:10 diluted leachate). All the animals received the treatment through intraperitoneal injection. Afte...

 Mian Azhar Ahmad1†*, Nawab Mohammad Khan2, Asmatullah3

Anatomical variations of hepatobiliary triangle in patients operated laparoscopically for gallbladder diseases from Lahore and Sahiwal
... for 1–3days. The procedure was performed successfully in 91% of the cases. In 09% cases, a conversion to standard open cholecystectomy was necessary; the most common cause was unclear anatomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy pivots around hepatobiliary triangle. Current study was aimed to assess anatomy of hepatobiliary triangle and its variations in the patients using a laparoscope. It was a descriptive prospective cross-sectional study. Random sampling t...

 Muhammad Mohsin Ahsan1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2*, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1, Arshad Ali3, Zafar Iqbal Kahan4, Kafeel Ahmed4

Intra- and inter-specific foraging in three scorpion species
...s (Pocock, 1897), and Androctonus finitimus (Pocock, 1897) inhabiting Punjab, Pakistan, was studied under laboratory and field conditions. Results of the study revealed that all three scorpion species were cannibalistic. Mesobuthus tumulus attacked and fed more upon juvenile and sub- adults (medium- sized), scorpions. They also consumed dead scorpions of their own species. Odontobuthus odonturus preferred to attack and consume healthy adults and did not feed o...

 Muhammad Mohsin Ahsan1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1

Effect of lunar cycle on active population density of scorpions, their potential prey and predators
...buthus odonturus, and Androctonus finitimus, and their potential prey and predators were observed in the
field. The result showed that H. tamulus and A. finitimus were more active during dark nights compared to moonlight
nights; however, there was no obvious effect of the lunar cycle on the activity of O. odonturus. Young (Immature)
individuals of all scorpion species were always high in numbers at night, even under moonlight conditions. T...

 Muhammad Moosa Abro1, Ali Murtaza Dharejo2, Muhammad Munif Khan2, Nadir Ali Birmani2, Saima Naz2*

Description of first record of Petasiger exaeretus Dietz, 1909 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in avian host from Pakistan.
... Little Cormorant, Phalacrocorax niger of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan. Petasiger exaeretus (Dietz,
1909) were identified from the intestine of Little Cormorant, Phalacrocorax niger on the basis of morphological
features including pear shaped body, maximum width at testicular level, 27 head collar spines, long fore-body, well
developed pharynx, pre-acetabular cirrus sac, tandem and contiguous testes...

Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Noor Fatima1, Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari1, Asma Rashid khan3, Nadeem Sheikh2*

Variations in proteins and transaminases following experimental induction of Bisphenol A in mice
...=3). Serum samples were processed
for the estimation of total protein and albumin and aminotransaminases activity. The sodium dodecyl sulphate
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was also run to analyze protein bands. Statistically significant
increase in total protein contents, albumin and aminotransaminases were noted in sample in comparison with control.
Comparative analysis between experimental and control samples reve...

 Muhammad Babar Khawar1, Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Sana Fatima3, Khawaja Abdul Mujeeb2, Nadeem Sheikh1

Alterations in proteins and transaminases activity induced by thioacetamide in albino rats
...livers were excised and processed for protein profile and transaminases activity
analysis. TAA injection resulted in significant alterations in serum proteins and transaminases levels. Significant
hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia were observed in sera as well as liver tissue of both experimental groups
compared to control. Furthermore, transaminases activity was significantly increased for both; AST (P=0.0045) and
ALT (P=0.0015) ...

Madeeha Arshad, Asmatullah, Chaman Ara

Embryotoxic effects of sodium arsenate in Mus musculus
...ces) against control. Microcephaly, hygroma, skin hemorrhages,
scoliosis and appendage deformities among arsenic treated groups were observed.
Histological studies revealed abnormalities like spina bifida, cardiac malformations,
miss-happened cochlea and oropharynx. It is concluded that sodium arsenate
causes teratogenicity in developing mice.

...

 Raazia Kiran1, Alya Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan1*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir2

An overview of pre-treatment methods used for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into valuable products
...e of different physical processes i.e., size
reduction, steaming or boiling, ultrasonication, and bursting, chemical methods i.e.,
solvents, acids, salts, bases, the physicochemical processes include liquid hot
water and AFEX (ammonium fibre explosion), biological methods involving whiterot/
brown-rot fungi and bacteria, and quite a few combinations thereof to
breakdown the lignocellulose i...
Hina Abrar1,2, S.N.H. Naqvi1,*, Muhammad Rashid Ahmed3, Asma Basharat Ali3 and Hina Yasin1,2
...osing by using standard procedures. Serum level of ALT, ALP, γGT and bilirubin was significantly (p<0.05) increased in CBZ treated group as compared to control, whereas the hepatic parameters were significantly reduced in CBZ plus propranolol group. The histopathological examination reveals various features of hepatic architecture damage in CBZ treated group but the hepatic damage induced by CBZ was successfully ameliorated by propranolol. To conclude...

Faheem Ali1*, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1, Abdul Basit2, Muhammad Kashif Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad1 and Muhammad Amir

...ing machinery and other processing units are generally inductive in nature. The power required by agricultural industry is broadly categorized into shaft power and process heat power, and could be used for planting, cultivating, pumping, harvesting, drying, cooking, baking, woodworking, forging and smelting etc. This results in lagging Volt-Ampere-Reactive (VARs), which must be balanced by the same number of leading VARs in ...
Shagufta Nighat1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1,*, Syed Israr Shah1, Amber Khalid1, Tariq Mahmood2, Ayesha Aihetasham3 and Muhammad Asif4
...ke, combustion of fuel, processing of metals, coal mining, automobile, lead-acid batteries, and building material.Toxic metals are bio-accumulated by insectivorous bats due to their foraging habits and high trophic level. There is a growing interest on the conservation of bats throughout the world as they play an important role in controlling insect population. We measured cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in bat tissues through ...
Ajmal Khan* and Rehan Ullah
...s descriptive study was processed and analyzed to investigate the prevalence of malaria and its specific aetiologic agents in suspected patients reported to various laboratories of Agency Head Quarter Hospital Khar, Bajaur Agency. In this study, a total number of 9720 suspected individuals were examined; among which 1273 (13.1%) were found to be positive for malaria infection with different Plasmodium species in their blood smears. Male population accou...
Xiao-Ying Ren1, Di Zhang2 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
... alveolus, and coronoid process, angular process ascending ramus and condylar process on the mandible. The genus Eothenomys could be classified into two subgenera. Moreover, it was inferred that the varieties of skulls characteristics in E. miletus, E. eleusis, E. cachinus and E. melanogaster were main influenced by temperature and humidity; E. olitor<...
Gangchun Xu1,2, Fukuan Du2, Yuyu Wang2, Yan Li2, Zhijuan Nie2 and Pao Xu1,2,*
...2b. In the spawning process, the expression of PTGES2a did not significantly change, remaining at a low level. In contrast, PTGES2b expression significantly increased during spawning. These results provide basic knowledge of the new PTGES2s of C. nasus.
...
A.H. Shahzad1, A. Sattar1,*, A. Husnain1, I. Ahmad2, N. Ahmad1, D. Nak3 and Y. Nak3
...were analyzed using GLM procedures (P˂0.05). The PR on d30 in control (43%) and resynch (48%) groups was non-significant. On d60 and d90 overall PR was 44 and 73% (P=0.002) and 43 and 72% (P=0.002) while overall pregnancy loss was 11 and 4% in control and resynch groups, respectively. In experiment II, PR on d30, d60 and d90 was 44 versus 54% (P=0.28), 53 versus 72% (P=0.03) and 50 versus 70% (P=0.025) in control and ...
Muhammad Furqan1, Usman Ali1,*, Anjum Ara1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Muhammad Siddique Awan3, Riaz Aziz Minhas3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmad3, Qamar Zaman Qamar4 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar5
...= 94.19), Calotropis procera (IV= 145.46), Dodonaea viscosa (IV=120.17), Cynodon dactylon (IV= 174.94), Chrysopogon serrulatus (IV=152.96) and Artemisia scoparia (IV= 105.69), Parthenium hysterophorus (IV= 113.82), Saccharum spontaneum (IV= 199.88) Ziziphus mauritiana (IV= 51.35), Lantana indica (IV= 78.39) and Morus alba (IV= 31.38).
...

Zakiullah1, Muhammad Farid Khan1*, Muhammad Mohibullah3, Muhammad Iqbal2, Irfanullah3, Faheemullah3, Madiha Urooj1 and Uzma Arif1 

...lity for direct and reciprocal crosses shows highly significant differences for all the studied parameters. PSEV-3 proved best combiner for days to germination and grains moisture % at harvest while Azam for grain yield and biological yield. Sarhad White was the best combiner for grain yield. Reciprocal effects of Jalal x Iqbal exhibited best combination for leaf area and number of grains ear-1 while Pahari × Sarhad Wh...
Syeda Beenish Bukhari1, Sidra Khalid1*, Shahid Bashir1, Riffat Mehboob2, Humaira Waseem2
...f safety of vaccination procedure/ dirty needles. Analysis revealed a significant association between maternal education and barriers to complete vaccination course.
...

Liaqat Ali Shahid1*, Nadeem Amjad2 and Muhammad Abdul Hanan Siddhu3 

...era Ghazi Khan Area for processing of Eucalyptus tree top-trimmed mixed waste material with leaves. The average machine throughput capacity was found to be 503 kg.h-1 with an average machine efficiency of 89 percent. Total average fuel consumption and labour requirement (un-skilled + skilled) were found to be 3.5 litres and 3.53 man-hour, respectively. The machine was also tested with clean Eucalyptus stems without leaves and small branches. The average throug...
Tamoor Azeem1,*, M. Yasin Tipu1, Asim Aslam1, Sajjad Ahmed2, Salman Ahmed Abid1, Abdullah Iqbal3, Naeem Akhtar4, Muhammad Saleem4, Aamerzish Mushtaq4 and Sajid Umar4
...ct Attock. Samples were processed for haematobiochemical analysis and thin smear stained with Field stain according to standard procedure. Out of 200 camels 46% of them have blood parasites. Trypanosoma was the most prevalent (32.5%) followed by diptelonemiasis (8%). Babesia and Anaplasma was seen in 3% camels. Prevalence of diptelonemiasis was significantly higher in young than older camels. Blood analy...

Muhammad Amin1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Abida Perveen1, Zareen Rauf1, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2 and Muhammad Ijaz2 

... is a plodding physical process and its effects spatially varies. Misperception on drought and its features is common in defining policies and caused delays in its prevention (Gore, 2002). Pakistan is one the counties which is affected badly by drought. In near Past, Pakistan faced one of the worst drought span drought in 50 years from 1998 to 2003 which harshly affected socially and economically. The present study was conducted on dry land areas of Punjab-Pak...
Peng Song1,2, Wei Feng2, Haiying Shi2,Jinsheng Zhao3, Renmin Liu3 and Wei Xu2,*
...the capability of Enterococcus avium to decolorize both water and oil-soluble azo dyes were investigated. The bacteria was incubated under static conditions in the presence of 50mg/L Amaranth or 5 mg/L Sudan I in LB media at 37°C for 10 h, and reduction of the dyes was monitored. The preferable pH for the decolorization of Amaranth by ts17 strain was between pH 6.0-9.0, and with the optimum pH at 7.0. The promotion effect of NaCl on the decoloration...

Farhan, Shahid Ali* and Syed Attaullah Shah 

...t and declare increased procurement price of wheat prior to sowing season. This in response will lead to more supply, employment and profit. Wheat growers need to be facilitated with subsidized prices of fertilizer to encourage its application that will raise output and profit of wheat growers. Trainings of wheat growers for optimal application of inputs for wheat crop be arranged at regular intervals by concerned departments for efficient utilization of resou...
Dur-E-Shahwar1,2, Riaz Ahmad Sheikh1, Nazia Jamil2*
...m subsurface in which hydrocarbons are found as a main environmental pollutant. Present study is focused on production of biosurfactants from indigenous bacteria, isolated from produced water and produced water contaminated soil samples collected from three selected sites of Eastern Potwar, Punjab, Pakistan. Forty seven bacteria were isolated out of which five (F1, F3, F20, F23 and C16) were selected on the basis of high optical densities of 0.7, 70% oil and g...
Imran Bodlah1, Ammara Gull-E-Fareen1, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Muhammad Amin2, Ayesha Aihetasham3
...ues, 1940 (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae) is recorded for the first time as larval parasitoid of Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Menochilus sex maculata (Fabricius, 1781) from various areas of Pothwar. Main identification characters of N. mirabilis supported with measurements and illustrations are provided here with notes on distributional range.
...

Naseer Ahmed Abbasi1, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1*, Bilawal Abbasi2, Shakeel Ahmed Soomro1, Najeeb Ahmed Khan Nangraj1, Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahto1 and Sajjad Ahmed Morio1 

...uzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the potential time and cost saving methods can assess the suitability of land. Finding shows that the fuzzy set method is different from parametric method. The influence of explicit weight on land characteristics is combined with the evaluation of land characteristics. The correlation coefficient is high for both indices, but results obtained with fuzzy set method (r=0.97) showed a higher accuracy with yields than thos...

Rafiullah1*, Abdur Rahman2, Khalid Khan1, Anwar Ali1, Arifullah Khan2, Abdul Sajid3 and Naimatullah Khan3 

...r. All the samples were processed through different diagnostic techniques, including Microscopy, ELISA and Real-time PCR for diagnosis of Theileria parva at Veterinary Research Institute Peshawar. The overall prevalence for Theileriosis was 27.75% through Real-time PCR, followed by Indirect ELISA (24.62%) and Microscopy (11.37%). Transect wise high prevalence for Theileria parva was observed in Lakki Marwat with 33.5% for Real-time PCR, significantly different...
Muhammad Usman Ahmadand Ikram-ul-Haq*
...irmed by 16S ribotyping procedure. Oxyrase was used for improved cultivation of anaerobic bacteria by employing Hungate Technique where its antioxidant potential was compared with common reducing agent Cysteine-HCl (Cys-HCl). Four anaerobic bacterial strains (Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans OS1, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bilophila wadsworthia, and Roseburia intestinalis) were selected as experimental models for this purpose. Significa...
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zaheer1, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Muhammad Shafique1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar1
...2 clinical samples were processed according to standard microbiological methods. Isolated GNRs were subjected to susceptibility testing against various antibiotics as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were subjected to detection of Metallo-beta-lactamase production by Double Disc Diffusion test (DDDT) and Modified Hodge’s test. In 152 specimens, different species identified in order of their ...
Shahid Yousaf1*, Salman Khurshid1, Saqib Arif1, Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Qurrat ul Ain Akbar1, Najmus Sahar1 and Ghulam Rasul2
...cs play a vital role in processing and trade. Many techniques have been introduced to evaluate wheat quality. Near Infrared (NIR) is one of the suitable techniques that have an advantage of rapid response over other techniques. But investigations are needed to check its reliability on determining important quality parameters. The study therefore has been designed to evaluate the efficiency of NIR in comparison with standard techniques. Thirty samples of wheat ...
Sakhra Mahmood1, M. Younus1, A. Aslam1, A.A. Anjum2, S. Umar3, Aamerzish Mushtaq3 and M.L. Sohail4,*
...lobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and total leukocyte count) and immune response were recorded and analyzed by duncan test for 6 weeks. Results showed significant reduction in the deleterious effects of AFB1 in each of the tested parameters during the course of the study. During 5th week, all the tested parameters had non-significant differences with the control group and were brought back to normal due to detoxification action of ...
Catherine J. Allen
...nity), ayni (reciprocity), uyway (nurturance), hucha (sin) and animu (individuating energy), with particular emphasis on values and ontological orientations that are generally consistent across the Andean ethnographic and ethnohistorical record. Underlying this vocabulary is a mindset that prioritizes relationships over individual agency; this entails connections among a multitude of human as well as other-than-human persons and nec...
James Maffie
...pt of a nepantla process, a paradigmatic example of which was the artisanal process of weaving. Humans accordingly attained balance: first, by weaving together individual behavioral extremes (such as fasting and feasting) into a well-middled, individual life fabric; and second, by weaving themselves together with other human and nonhuman agents into a single, well-middled, community life fabric by means of initiating ...
Brian Yazzie Burkhart
... in the land and in reciprocal kinship relationship with it. This essay examines Diné, Lakota, and Jalagi stories and language concepts for their rootedness in land in more than a material sense in order to provide a framework for a theory of well-being that sees land and human being as intertwining with the being of land as the generative kinship complex by which life is both generated and health and life are sustained.
...

John Ogunsola1*, Richard E. Antia2, Benjamin O. Emikpe2 and Olajumoke A. Morenikeji

...0% in Green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus; n=2) and Patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas; n=3), and crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus; n=32). Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata), black cobra (Naja nigricollis) and lions (Panthera leo) had survival rates of their hatchlings/neonates to be 83%, 95% and, 67% respectively. The challenges include absence of a pseudo-...

 Ellen Y. Zhang

...low, from an experience-process perspective, resembles a certain aspect of the flow defined by Csíkszentmihályi’s motivational psychology, but it is more complicated and more difficult to be conceptualized due to the employment of negative expressions in his philosophy. Zhuangzi’s claim that “The perfect happiness is derived from the absence of happiness” designates two key arguments: (1) Happiness cannot be designed and m...

 Syed Turab Raza1,*, Zhu Bo1,*, Zulfiqar Ali2 and Tang Jia Liang3

...C: N ratios during this process shows conversion of harmful wastes into useful fertilizer.

...

 Abdul Khaliq1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Akhlaq Ahmad2 and Yasir Iftikhar3

... (L.) and Calotropis procera (Aiton) oil both at 15% were most lethal to LGB, weevil and red flour beetle after 72hours following by effect of Datura stramonium (L.) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh) with respect to control. Similar response was noted at 10% concentrations of all plants but E. Camaldulensis (5%) was least effective against all insects after control. Resurgence response in F1 generation in each experime...

 Shaher Bano1, Nadia Naseem2 and Sarah Ghafoor1,*

...of both the groups were processed for comparison of immunohistochemistry for TGF-α expression at week five and week nine. Expression of TGF-α was noted inthe ductal epithelial cells of SLG that was found to be comparatively increased at the age of five weeks and reduced at age of nine weeks. The expression of TGF-α between both glands at age of nine weeks showed a decreased expression in SLG as comparedto that of SMG.A decrease in the express...
Saleha Gul1,2, Muhammad Khisroon2, Ajmal Khan2, Attaullah1, Saira Gul3 and Gul Nabi Khan1,4,*
...e polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines cause the production of DNA adducts and leading to lung cancer. However, the adverse effects of cigarette smoke on other tissues are largely unknown. We explored the genotoxic effects of tobacco smoke on peripheral lymphocytes of active and passive smokers. Blood samples were isolated from 100 males’ including 25 active-, 25 passive- and 50 non-smokers. Alkaline comet assay was done and classes were def...

Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1, Batim Turdam1, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Waziri Ibrahim Anjili2 and Mayowa Olabode2 

...g a standard laboratory procedure. Coprological examination conducted using flotation and sedimentation techniques showed that 276 (92.0%) were positive for gastrointestinal nematodes. A greater proportion (70.7%) of the nematodes were Strongyles followed by mixed infection of Strongyles and Parasacaris equorum (15.2%) and Strongyloides westeri (14 1%). Chi-square test and odds ratio were used to analyzed data obtained. The prevalence of the gastrointestinal n...
Guo-hai Wang1, Zai-xi Yang1, Pan Chen1, Wei-ning Tan2 and Chang-hu Lu1,*
...scarlet minivet (Pericrocotus flammeus) were the main seed dispersers. The average seed dispersal distance was 10.69±4.97 m and 82% of the first post-foraging perching sites were located around 15 m from the mother trees. Our results suggest that the endangered tree species K. septentrionalis attracts native birds to forage and disperse its seeds in karst habitats, and that a high level of seed predation by ground-dwelling animals and micr...
Bibi Nazia Murtaza1,2, Azhar Qayum3, Shamaila Inayat Nadeem1, Naif Awdh Al-Maliki4, Abdulaziz Alamri4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,5,*
...witches. This transient process of GAP-mediated GTP hydrolysis becomes altered when the Kras gene is mutated. The most common Kras mutations are found in codon 12 and 13 and 61. Some other noncanonical mutations have been reported in codon 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 27, 30, 31, 117, 146 and 154. We aimed to demonstrate the conformational changes induced in two novel K RAS variants, p.E31K and p.G138V, identified in two CRC patients, which may account for ...

 Ping Zhang1,2, Yabin Pu1, Yu Zhang2, Jia Chen2, Kunfu Wang3, Qian Li3, Yujiao Sun3, Yuehui Ma1, Shuqing Jiao2,* and Weijun Guan1,*

...cytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and neuron-like cells by the optimized inducing medium. After the two-step digestion and differential attachment technique, high purity MDSCs were successfully cultured. MDSCs were identified by round or short spindle cell, and gathered into clusters; The average doubling time and clone efficiency of the cells were 35.5h and 47.2%, respectively. The MDSCs makers, such as Sca-1, CD34, CD144 and Desmin, were positive expressed by...
Fakhra Soomro1,*, Riffat Sultana2 and Muhammad Saeed Wagan2
...idly in open grounds and rocky areas. Immature stages were found exclusively geophiles in nature and usually giving two generation in a year but occasionally third generation of diapauses eggs of S. savignyi hatched in winter. A comparative key for immature stages of both species was constructed. Almost all immature stages occupied similar habitats as that of adults and their appropriate stages were differentiated through combination of characters i....

Muhammad Adnan Islam1,2*, Muhammad Iqbal2, Zia-ul-Haq2,3, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Shabbir Ahmed Kalwar1, Liaqat Ali Shahid1, Badar Munir Khan Niazi1 and Muzammil Husain1 

...and January due to long process of field preparation by conventional method. Zone disc tiller machine developed in the department of Farm Machinery and Power, was employed for sowing wheat instead of conventional tillage in cotton stubble to avoid further late sowing of wheat. Zone disc tiller drill sows crop in strips. Strip tillage of soil reduced labour, fuel, irrigation and machinery costs. Zone disk tiller was tested for its field performance with three d...

Javed Asghar Tariq1*, Bashir Ahmed2, Manzoor Ali Abro2, Muhammad Ismail1, Muhammad Usman Asif1 and Raza Muhammad1 

...tomyces, Bacillus and Micrococus. These bacteria were checked for their antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. alium cepa. They all were found to inhibit fungus showing inhibition zone 4.09 -74.97%. Hence, on the basis of these studies, it can be concluded that these bacteria can be used as a biocontrol agent to manage other fungal diseases of agricultural crops also. 

...
Zahra Nazir1, Saba Ijaz1, Roquyya Gul2 and Mahjabeen Saleem1,*
...cal properties of juice processing industry, degumming of fibre plants and maximum oil recovery. These enzymes break down complex polysaccharide polymers of plant tissues into simpler monomer like D-galacturonic acids. In this study, polygalacturonase from grape skin was purified by salting out with ammonium sulfate, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 column and ion exchange on Q-Sepharose column chromatography. Polygalacturonase was recognised as a protein with ...

Arshad Farooq* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan 

... is a complex process dependent upon application and arrangement of various factors such as land, labor, finance and management practices etc. This article assessed the knowledge gap of improved cane management practices in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Sugarcane growers were selected randomly and Data were collected through interview schedule from 285 respondents in D.I. Khan and Mardan districts during sugarcane cropping season, ...
...ploited the peer-review process in the Journal of Zoology by generating fake reviewers email addresses. This led to an in-depth investigation by the Editorial Team and Executive Council of Zoological Society of Pakistan. The editorial team had written confidentially to all the reviewers at their official addresses, the list of which was provided by the corresponding author at the time of online submission of the manuscript. The editorial team was flabbergasted...

Muhammad Nasrullah1*, Liu Chang1, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai2, Asaad Osman Khalid1, Rachel Bayisenge1 and Gulnaz Hameed3 

... cost was 61,476.68 and processing cost was 95,535 rupees per hectare. The highest cost incurred was 61,750 rupees for land followed by Fuel wood which was 39,957 rupees per hectare. Total product of tobacco was calculated as 44 mounds per hectare. The total revenue was Rs. 405,636 per hectare while total cost incurred was 242,889.68 having a profit of Rs. 162,746.32 per hectare. The data were checked through VIF found free of multicollenearity problem. The an...
Sheng Niu1, Ali-Raza Jahejo1, Fa-jie Jia1, Xin Li1, Guan-bao Ning1, Ding Zhang1, Hai-li Ma1, Wei-fang Hao2, Wen-wei Gao1, Yu-jun Zhao1, Shi-min Gao1, Jian-hui Li1, Gui-lan Li1, Fang Yan1, Rong-kun Gao1, Huan-chun Chen1,3 and Wen-xia Tian1,*
....
...

Asim Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Aftab Khan1 and Raza Ullah2 

...ion. The major findings proclaim that maximum temperature has negative impact on the yield of maize. Impact of precipitation show a positive and significant contribution to maize yield. High temperature has deleterious impact on maize productivity. Therefore, policy exertions needs to be concentrated toward impact of climate change on maize productivity. Development of temperature resistant maize verities for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is also a good option. Moreover,...

Zahin Anjum1*, Farhat Shehzad1, Amina Rahat1, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Saleem Khan3 

...f polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in different types of marinated meat, such as beef, chicken, mutton and fish, and different grilling techniques were applied to see their effectiveness in lowering the levels of these toxicants. Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons and heavy metals refer to a large group of chemicals that may be present in the environment as pollutants and can enter the food chain and might be ...
Abid Hussain Shahzad1, Abdul Sattar1,*, Nasim Ahmad1, Ijaz Ahmad2, Deniz Nak3 and Yavuz Nak3
... analyzed by Chi-square procedure while ovulatory follicle diameter and Progesterone profile by one way ANOVA (α=0.05). Ovulatory follicle diameter (Mean±SEM) was 15.19±0.17 (OVP0), 15.30±0.21 (OVP5) and 15.24±0.19 (OVP7), respectively. The P4 concentration has significant (P<0.05) difference among OVP0 (6.52±0.32), OVP5 (7.75±0.38) and OVP7 (7.58±0.26) on d30 post AI. This difference was non-sig...
Abdur Rauf Nizami*
...rmation belongs to the Baroch Group and is mainly comprised of limestones, which were thought to be a prospective fossils archive. The Samana Suk Formation with a primary thickness of 43.27m is exposed at the Chichali Gorge Section. A total of 108 limestone rock samples were collected from 51 beds. The formation was investigated by a detailed petrographic analysis to ascertain its faunal assemblages in the Chichali Gorge Sec...
Pin Lyu1, Xiangxian Chen2* andQinlong Liu3*
...ld reflect the recovery process after skeletal muscles injury with high sensitivity in groups with the four different rehabilitation methods. 
...

Waqar Akhtar1*, Munir Ahmad2, Nadeem Akmal1, Hassnain Shah1 and Asif Ali Mirani2 

... 16 percent produce was processed as fresh dates remaining 84 percent produce was converted into dried dates. This finding implicates that the overall dates production system secure low domestic resource use efficiency in the production of dates in the study area. Lack of modern processing and value addition technologies there is overwhelming dependence on traditional sun drying methods for proc
Hashim Ullah1, Abdur Rahman1, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2 and Ambrina Tariq3, Shabana Naz4,*
...Mazai were selected and processed for dressing percentage and meat quality through proximate analysis. Wazirisheephad lower cholesterol as compared to Mazai. With the increasing BCS, the cholesterol content was significantly increased in both the breeds. The dressing percentage and crude protein were higher in Waziribut the fat content was found greater in Mazai. Similarly, females have higher average fat content as compared to males. In conclusion, from the h...

Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Sami Ullah1*, Muhammad Mohsin Raza2, Mohsin Raza1, Muhammad Abbas3, Ijaz Ahmad4, Malik Muhammad Yousaf2, Muhammad Zeshan5, Adeel Abbas1, Mehmood Ali Noor1 and Mohsin Nawaz1 

...nt by influencing vital processes like cell division, cell wall formation, water relations, meristematic tissue growth, carbohydrate metabolism, and pollen tube growth which suggests plausible effects on all these activities due to its deficiency. Therefore, a field trial was set up to assess the efficacy of different levels (control, 0.01 M and 0.05 M) of foliar applied B at booting, anthesis, and grain filling growth stages of wheat crop respectively. Result...

Mehran Ahmad, Syed Attaullah Shah and Shahid Ali* 

...tistage random sampling procedure. Data was collected through a well-designed interview schedule during January-July, 2018. Cobb-Douglas type production function was used to estimate effect of important determinants on tomato yield. Results showed that the estimated coefficient of net farming (dummy) is 0.25; implies that tomato yield with net farming is 25 percent more than traditional production technology. DAP, Nitrate and Urea, labor and FYM had positive s...
Junli Sun1,2,3, Lin Bai1 2, Xiaogan Yang1,2, Yangqing Lu1,2, Shengsheng Lu1,2,* and Kehuan Lu1,2,*
...he microinjector in the process of microoperatin. To study the effects of mechanical damage from microopetations on embryo development, we analyzed 60 the spent culture media of porcine parthenogenetic embryos experienced different types of microopetation using Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that Group II with the puncture of egg zona and plasma membrane had the highest cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of porcine parthenogenetic embryos, which was sig...
Syeda Shazia Bokhari*, Ghashia Qayyum, Uzma Rafi and Aisha Waheed Qurashi
...earth worms mediate the process for improving soil fertility. The present study was undertaken for the improvement of soil fertility using microbes isolated from internal and external parts of Lumbricus terrestris Isolates were identified through different biochemical tests and morphological characterization. Bacterial strains were screened and those showing positive results for their adherence ability, autoaggregation and coaggregation response were us...
Zhimin Yuan1, Yan Yu2, Yanmei Wang1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...7% in intestine). Enterococcus and Bacillus were the two dominant bacterial genera in the stomach, accounting for 46.1% and 7.4% of total bacteria, respectively. Sphingomonas and Mycobacterium were the two dominant genera in the intestine, accounting for 10.5% and 7.3% of total bacteria, respectively. Furthermore, the results revealed that H. alaschanicus carried a large number of human pathogens and thus should be the subjec...

Kamran Aziz1*, Aamir Saleem1 and Arshad Mahmood Malik2 

...omposition is a natural process of nutrient cycling in which the different elements play their role to decompose the plants parts such as roots, shoots, leaves and other parts. The present study was conducted to estimate the decomposition rate, litter fall production and elemental composition of Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana in the study area Dungagali, Taohidabad, Kuzagali and Khanspur situated around the Ayubia National Park. The research was carried ...

Shumaila Sadiq1,2*, Abdul Saboor2, Fouzia Jamshaid3, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin2 and Azeem Khalid

...tion and implementation processes to develop zone specific sustainable adaptation strategies particularly to improve farmers’ food security, economic situation and education in Pakistan. 

...

THIRTY SIXTH PAKISTAN CONGRESS OF ZOOLOGY

Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology
...>All the papers in this Proceedings were refereed
by experts in respective disciplines

THIRTY SIXTH PAKISTAN CONGRESS OF ZOOLOGY

held under auspices of

THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PAKISTAN

at

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO, PAKISTAN

FEBRUARY 16 – 18, 2016

...
Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology
...>All the papers in this Proceedings were refereed by experts in respective disciplines

THIRTY FIFTH PAKISTAN CONGRESS OF ZOOLOGY

held under auspices of

THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PAKISTAN

at

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN MARINE BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI, KARACHI, MARCH 1 – 4, 2015

...
Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology
Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology
Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology
Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology
Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology
Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology
Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology
Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology
Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology
Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology
Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology

Usman Zubair1*, Anjum Shehzad2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi3 and Khalid Mahmood1 

... these nine species, Bactrocera scutellaris, B. tau, B. nigrofemoralis, B. correcta, Dacus sphaerodalis are reported first time from Azad Jammu and Kashmir while D. longicornis is a new record from Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. 

...
Tian-Yi Zhao1, Zi-Qing Liu2, Bo Yang1, Qiao Gao1, Hong-Yu Zhang1, Pei-Yu He1, Ming-Hua Duan1* and Yu-Li Yan1*
...se in the number of erythrocytes and a significant increase in hemoglobin content (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, 5-Fu group showed a significant decreased in the number of CD71/Ter119-labeled erythrocytes (P < 0.001) and CD4/CD8-labeled T cells (P < 0.001) in peripheral blood and the spleen of mice, which was restored significantly in the number of CD71/Ter119-labeled eryth
Wen-Feng Li1, Rong-Yue Zhang1, Chun-Hua Pu2, Jiong Yin1, Zhi-Ming Luo1, Xiao-Yan Wang1, Xiao-Yan Cang1, Hong-Li Shan1 and Ying-Kun Huang1,*
...erratus Kobusand Trochorhopalus humeralis Chevrolat. Protecting these natural enemies will encourage natural control of pest species while protecting the environment and maintaining ecological balance. Moreover, through enhanced comprehensive pest control, sustainable development of the sugar industry will be promoted.

 

...
Naheed Ikram and Nafisa Shoaib*
... Lutjanus johnii procuredfrom Kemari fish harbor (Pakistan). Our study shows that fresh fishes were not contaminated by incidence of fungi. Aspergillus flavus was the most dominant fungus as compared to other species of fungi but it represents the common mycoflora of this region. 
...
Zil-e-Huma1, 2, Abdul Malik Tareen3, Kaleem Ullah3, Tauseef M Asmat4,Abdul Samad4Asim Iqbal2, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa3*,Irshad Ahmad5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman6
...ing standard biological procedures and confirmed by colonial characteristics, biochemical profile and specie specific PCR. Multiplex PCR was applied to differentiate among the five main diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes (enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Results show that the virulent EAE...
Salahud Din1,*, Saima Masood1, Hafsa Zaneb1, Habib Ur Rehman2, Saima Ashraf1, Imad Khan3, Muqader Shah4 and Syed Abdul Hadi1
...of the tarsus and bears trochlea at either end. The central and the fourth tarsals are joined to form a large bone which is extended across the entire width of the tarsus and articulates with all bones of the tarsus. The first tarsal is a rectangular piece of bone sited on the posteromedial surface of the hock. The second and third fused tarsal bone resembles the central but is smaller and wedge-shaped. It is situated between the central tarsal bone proximally...
Khalid P. Loneand Irfana Liaqat*
...n buffered formalin and processed for routine histology and light microscopy. The annual maturity stages can easily be divided into five gross stages namely, immature and developing, maturing and developed, ripe and running, post spawning and spent-regressed. The testis in Labeo rohita were unrestricted and lobular. The maximum GSI (2.89±0.25) was seen in June when the photoperiod and temperatures were highest, while the lowest GSI was seen in Oc...
Unal Kilic1*, Abdiwali Mohamoud Abdi1 and Deniz Ekinci2
...for 24-hours incubation process (P<0.001). Treatments did not cause any effects on 24-hours gas production for straws without enzyme addition (P>0.05). LiP enzyme was found to increase in vitro gas production and methane production for all straws and treatments (P<0.001). As a result, sorghum straws were proven to offer a higher feed value and additional in vivo and in vitro studies are required with the aim of determining the pos...
Ghaleb Adwan*, Sami Bdir and Kamel Adwan
...aria belonging to the microcotylae sub-group and as a microcercous cercaria, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the ITS2 region of the nuclear rDNA revealed that C. melanopsi palestinia I belongs to the family Lecithodendriidae Luhe, 1901, and it could be placed in the genus, or closely related to known Lecithodendrium. Analysis of ITS1 rDNA indicates that Cercaria melanopsi palestinia...
Constance Obiageli Ejilibe1, Helen O. Nwamba2, Ifeanyi Chinedu Atama3,*, Chiamaka Lynda Ani2, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie3, Josephine C. Madu3 and Christopher Didigwu Nwani3
... determined by standard procedures. ALT, AST and ALP increased significantly in response to concentrations of Butaforce® (7.00, 9.00 and 11.00 µgL-1) and Termex® (15.00, 20.00 and 25.00 µgL-1) used. The TP decreased in response to the same concentrations of pesticides. The response of these biochemical parameters were dependent on concentration of the pesticides; it increased as concentration of p...
Zakirullah1, Hamayun Khan1, Ali Gohar2, Haq Amanullah1,*, Muhammad Younas1, Muhammad Tarique Tunio3, Muhammad Saleem Khan4, Ibrar Muhammad Khan1 and Noushad Khan5 
...iv>Freezing and thawing processes have the potential to adversely affect post-thaw quality of semen. In the current study, we endeavored to ascertain the most favorable application of L-cysteine for cryopreservation of Achai and Holstein Friesian bull semen under the subtropical conditions of Peshawar region of Pakistan. Semen of six adult bulls, three Achai (the indigenous breed) and three Holstein Friesian (exotic breed) amount to the experimental material a...
De-Yong Zhang1, Xiao-Lu Xu1,*, Qin Ruan2, Xiu-Ying Shen3 and Yin Lu1
...re with spermatogenesis process and affect sperm quality in mammals.
...
Qiuxia Lei1, 2, Haixia Han1, 2, Jinbo Gao1, 2, Yan Zhou1, 2, Wei Liu1, 2, Chunlei Wang3, Jie Liu1, 2, Dingguo Cao1, 2, Huimin Li1 , Baohua Huang1,* and Fuwei Li1, 2, *  
...m(K)in the fermentation process. Poultry litter, sawdust and rice husk were mixed in equal quantities by volume. One was treated with a single strain of Bacillus; another was treated with a consortium of bacteria comprising several species; and the third kept as the control without adding any bacteria. The results showed that decomposition started earlier in the treated batches than in the control group. During the fermentation period, there was no infl...

Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo1*, Ikenna Onyema Ezeh2, Chinelo Nnenna Uju3 and Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze1 

...cantly higher total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration compared to groups A--C, and E, no significant variation was seen in the total and differential leucocyte counts across all infected groups. By day 23 PS, groups A and B had similar serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels as group D. The serum malondialdehyde and catalase levels were similar in groups A--D. Therefore, treatment with the p...

Muhammad Amin1,2*, Khalid Mahmood2 and Imran Bodlah3 

...la (Monell, 1879) and Pterocomma beulahense (Cockerell, 1904) are new records for Pakistan. Astegopteryx bambusae (Buckton, 1893) is also represented as new record for the country. Data also have 3 second-finding, 6 third-finding, 11 new host plants and 71 new locality records in Pakistan. Aphis gossypii and Aphis craccivora were found infesting 8 tree species in 8 genera and 6 in 6 genera respectively. Rosaceae with 5 species in 4 genera carrying 9 aphid spe...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1*, Taiba Sharif3, Samina J.N. Ahmad2, Sumaira Maqsood4 and Fariha Zafar3 
...ra: Tephritidae), Bactrocera zonata, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera cucurbitae was done in Punjab, Pakistan through PCR analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene based primers. Phylogenetic analysis was also complemented to differentiate fruit flies identified from other countries of the world. The sequencing results and phylogenetic analysis of collect...

Rizwan Ahmad and Muhammad Zulfiqar* 

...through random sampling process were interviewed. The secondary data, spread over 30 years from 1984 to 2013 pertaining to temperature, precipitation, area under cultivation and yield of crops was collected. Analytical models used are Logit Model and ARDL Model. Regarding farmers perceptions, results show that age of farmers, farming experience and education level of the farmers are positively and significantly, except education, associated with perception reg...

Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Syeeda Areeba Gillani1, Syed Shehzad Hassan1, Muneeb Aamir1, Muhammad Saifullah1, Mubashar Basheer1, Atif Ahmad1, Saif-ul-Rehman2 and Tariq Ali1 

...osphere reflectance and processed the bands in infrared and red wavelengths to generate Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) datasets. The annual NDVI and RVI based rice yields were compared with CRS based yield records by applying linear regression and generated yield equations. Rice area was estimated using satellite datasets of 11-years by applying supervised classification to 15 bands composite. The satellite extra...

Sajjad Ali1, Atta-ur-Rahman1 and Sher Ali2* 

... area per year. If this process of land utilization for infrastructure instead of farming remains at the same speed till 2055, there will be no agricultural land in the tehsil for farming. Population increase is the main cause of such firm land loss. Statistical technique like central tendencies, dispersion and co-efficient of correlation were applied on population, area under built-up environment, cultivated area and crop production in the study area. During ...

Muhammad Ilyas* and Fida Mohammad 

...n complicates selection process of desirable genotypes. Therefore, newly developed germplasm or genotypes needs to be evaluated in multi-environment trials (METs) to know yield potential and adaptability. This experiment was designed to interpret GE interaction using 55 F5:8 bread wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) with five checks. Experimental material was planted using alpha lattice design in two replicates at Peshawar (E1and E5), Kohat (E2 and E6), Sara...

Mustasim Famous*, Obaidul Islam, Shameema Khatun, Mohammed Mustafizur Rahman and Tania Ferdoushi 

...about turkey management procedure. There is no specific feeding standard for turkey. Farmers used to feed their turkey according to broiler and layer feeding manual. So, research needed to improve the status of turkey. 

...

Matiullah Khan*, Shameemul Sibtain Shah, Atiqullah Khan, Muhammad Sarwar and Shoaib Ahmed 

... particle size of Hazara rock phosphate (HRP) by manual preparation of Single Super Phosphate (SSP) through the procedure already established by the author and testing its efficacy in comparison to DAP on rainfed wheat. Almost 50 bags of SSP were prepared using formula “100 kg of indigenous HRP with total P2O5 content of X and mesh size 160 when treated with 60 liters (50% diluted) H2SO4 (volume/volume), followed by pr...
S. Jalbani1, N.T. Narejo2,* and P. Khan2 
 

 

....40 ± 1.6 g were procure from local fishing community of River Indus near Jamshoro. Feed regime like live small fish (tilapia), tubifex larvae, chopped chicken viscera and dead small fish (tilapia) were used as live and prepared feed with control. It was observed that the experimental fish fed with chopped chicken viscera exhibited significantly better growth (129.10 ± 2.90 g weight gain) followed by chopped small fish (103.90 ± 1.10g) as ...
Jinfeng Liu1,2, Yanhong Cao3, Tong Feng1, Laiba Shafique1, Chan Luo1, Peng Zhu1,4,* and Qingyou Liu1,*
... expressed in the whole process of embryogenesis and folliculogenesis, early high level and then down regulated. It was significantly expressed higher level in COCs of middle diameter sized follicles than that of small and large sized follicles. BMP15 gene expression enhanced until morula stage but it fell sharply at blastula stage. Immunohistochemistry exhibited BMP15 protein was located in germ cells of testis, in primordial granulosa cells, pr...
Mohammed Al Bratty1,*, Hassan A. Alhazmi1,2, Desam Nagarjuna Reddy3, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab3, Sadique A. Javed1 and Zia ur Rehman1,4
... esters and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Methyl-(7Z)-7-hexadecenoate, methyl-(9E)-octadecenoate and methyl tetracosanoate were found to be the principal fatty acid esters, while E-pentatriacont-17-ene and 2,4-dimethylpentane were identified as predominant aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds. The propolis extract has exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against certain strains of bacteria and yeasts. In general, significant ant...
Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Asma Ashraf 2*, Iram Liaqat2, Bushra Mazhar2, Shaukat Ali2 and Saiqa Andleeb3
...uded different staining procedures includng Gram’s staining and Endospore staining. Identification  of pathogenic bacterial isolates was confirmed by growing on selective medium. Antibacterial activity of different compounds was observed against the pathogenic bacterial isolates. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test of different kinds of honey was performed against the isolated bacterial pathogens. The antibacterial activity of leaf extract o...
Muhammad Mansoor1, Khalid Usman2*, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil3, Abdul Mateen Khattak4, Muhammad Ehsan Elahi1, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik2 and Amir Hamza2
...re used for postharvest processing of dates but, the desired quality of fruit could not be achieved due to adverse effects of dust storms and rain spells at ripening and curing stage of fruits. Covering fruit bunches with bags were also not productive and profitable; therefore, the growers switched to solar tunnel drying but couldn’t get the required results. The protocols of using solar tunnels needed fine-tuning of temperature and relative air humidity...

Shaikh Abdul Lateef, Zhou Lin, Wu Jian, Junjie Qian and Zheng Shusen* 

...ould come from surgical procedures or through unhygienic conditions. In this case report, we demonstrate the management, care and complication of liver transplantation in patients with pre-established hepatitis B infections. Information gained through this study would be helpful to have better management and life style in these deadly infections. 

...
Abdul Majeed1*, Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq2, Abid Niaz3, Abid Mahmood4, Naeem Ahmad1 and Hafiz Muhammad Walyat Ali Khan1

Muhammad Khuram Razzaq1,2*, Saeed Rauf1, Mohsin Khurshid3, Shahid Iqbal1,4, Javaid Akhter Bhat2, Ayaz Farzand5, Adeel Riaz1,6, Guangnan Xing2 and Junyi Gai

 

... the trait and breeding procedures to be adapted for the improvement of trait per se. Genetic studies results under heat stress in sunflower showed additive to partial dominance towards higher pollen viability in the inheritance showing that trait can be improved through selection in segregating generations. In this review, we have mainly considered the effect of abiotic stresses on pollen viability, selection and methods for the improved pollen viability and ...

Matiullah Khan1*, Motsim Billah2, Shoaib Ahmad1, Raza Ullah Khan1 and Muhammad Sarwar1 

...poultry litter (PL) with rock phosphate (RP) and inoculating with effective microorganisms (EM) on the wheat during 2010-11. Both experiments were conducted consecutively, in the same lay out of randomized complete block design with three repeats. Various doses of PEC (6, 4, 2 Mg ha-1) were compared with simple poultry-litter compost (PLC) as 8 Mg ha-1, single super phosphate (SSP) fertilizer as 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 and control. The results showed that PEC at 6 Mg...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ghulam Yasein2 and Ghulam Abbas1 
...ariety of physiological processes such as somatic growth, metabolism, tissue repair, lactation and reproduction. It controls differentiation and maintenance of different function in various and specific tissues. The liver is the primary source of IGF-1 and considered as candidate genes for growth because they play a significant role in development and growth regulation. IGF-1 control protein metabolism and is extremely conserved region amongst species. IGF-1 h...

Muhammad Abdul Rahman1*, Abdul Saboor1, Gulnaz Hameed1, Ghulam Bilal2 and Farooq Tanwir3 

...d lack of innovation in processing of milk and milk products are other major threats to production from farm animals. The findings of this study can serve as basis of providing key elements for policy devising in order to have research based policy making and implementation with separate set of policy actions for small, medium and large farmers. Input price mechanism, regularization of dairy sector, separate policy measures for meat and dairy animals and prese...

Olufisayo Bamidele* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola 

...he General Linear Model procedure and t-test where appropriate. The plasma LH for the AI groups peaked at 60mins while it peaked at 120mins for the control. Kindling rates were 10%, 10%, 60% and 50% respectively for the groups. There was no significant difference (p>0.05, t-test) between the litter size and total live kits obtained for 10µg and 15µg groups. Kit weight at birth showed no statistical difference (p>0.05, ANOVA) among all the gro...

Khaled Kaboudi* 

...Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia. Human infection was reported in Egypt and serosurveys programs showed high positivity, particularly in poultry workers. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the most of H9N2 viruses circulating in North Africa were among the G1-lineage group. The presence of mammalian and human genetic markers were reported in several H9N2 strains, indicating possible risk for public health. Control of LPAI H9N2 subtype infectio...
Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan1, Maria Altaf1, Zeemal Seemab Amin1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2, Anum Shahzadi1, Hina Mudasser1, Iqra Maqsood1, Nazia Gulshan1, Saira Naseem3
...ough spectrophotometric procedure. Serum MDA level jump high in patients (14.19) as compared to normal subjects (3.26). Serum Glutathione declined in disease persons (0.56) from healthy subjects (6.39). Serum Micronutrients level was also declined in RA patients as compared to healthy persons and substantial statistically (P=0.000). Serum Nitric Oxide jump high in patients (32.11) than normal persons (15.2). Abnormal concentration of reactive oxygen species ca...
Naila Riaz1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1, Ali Hassan2, Shaukat Ali2, Shafaat Yar Khan1
...bricius, 1798) and Androctonus finitimus (Pocock, 1897) by HPLC. The toxicity and acetylcholinesterase activity of selected venom fractions were determined using of Musca domestica adults. Only one fraction (out of 7) from H. tamulus venom and one fraction (out of 5) of A. finitimus venom were selected on the basis of their maximum yield. The approximate molecular weights of these selected venom fractions were determined by SDS Gel ...
Muhammad Shoaib1,3*, Arif Ismiyev2,Khudaverdi Ganbarov3, Aygun Israyilova3 and Sajid Umar4
...ituted monocyclic and spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives involving ethyl-3 (allylamino)-9,9-dimethyl- 7,11-dioxo-1,5-diphenylspiro[5.5]undec-2-en-2-carboxylate (I), ethyl-4,6-diphenyl-2- dicyanomethylene cyclohex-3-ene 1-carboxylate (II) and ethyl-4-phenyl-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- dicyanomethylenecyclohex-3-ene 1-carboxylate (III).Initially, these compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bac...
Barkat Ali1,2, Wasim Sajjad1,2,3, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Rafiq1, Sahib Zada1, Aamer Ali Shah1 and Fariha Hasan1,*
...he surface and inside of rocks are a repository of certain metabolites that might be able to solve the problem of increasing resistance against antibiotics. The present study was designed to isolate endolithic and epilithic bacterial strains from the rapidly weathering rocks collected from Nathiagali, Pakistan to characterize and screen them for antimicrobial activity. The isolates were identified based on 16S rRNA sequence ...
Fariha Latif1*, Muhammad Javed2, Hammad Ahmad Khan2 and Khalil-Ur-Rehman3
...l in various industrial processes and is very persistent in the aquatic environment. The main objective of this study was to assess the time and dose dependent effects of Pb on bioaccumulation and oxidative stress in the liver, kidney, gills, muscles and brain of Cirrhina mrigala. The 120-days old fish were exposed to 1/4th (11.81mgL-1) and 2/3rd (31.49mgL-1) of 96-h LC50 of water-borne Pb for three...
Huanxin Zhang1,2, Hongshuo Tang3, Jun Chen1, Yu Zang1,2, Xuexi Tang1,2,* and Ying Wang1,2,*
...ing of the host defense processes against infection. Researches have been performed on the evolution in many species, but the evolutionary characteristics of African hunting dog TLR genes are scared. The available genome sequence of African hunting dog offers us the way to examine the innate immunity of this endangered carnivore. 10 TLR genes (TLR1-10) were initially identified from the African hunting dog and lesser panda. The results showed that most of the ...

Jawad Ali*, Ibad Ullah Jan and Hidayat Ullah 

...ed weight. Se regulated processes, improved the vegetative and yield attributes of okra under water deficit conditions as well in control. The current investigation proved beneficial in improving the growth performance of okra, suggesting that foliar supplementation of Se may result in the development of drought mitigation in okra. 

...
Sajida Rasool1, Saba Irshad1*, Neelam Saba1, Mehak Fiaz1Muhammad Sajid Hussain2, MuhammadWajid Hussain3 and Peter Nürnberg2

 

...d lower limbs, severe microcephaly, dysphagia, no speech, hearing loss and seizures. Genome wide linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous nonsense mutation (c.204T>G) in BICD2 gene which was predicted to yield a truncated protein product (p. Glu68*). This is first nonsense mutation being reported causing HSP with complex clinical features and early onset. Further, functional exploration will be required for genotype phe...

Anand Kushwaha, Amit Kumar, Aparna Madhavan, Durga Goswami, Golmei Poulinlu and Gnanavel Venkatesan* 

...tic tools will ease the process and can select the suitable protein(s) to use in the development of specific and sensitive diagnostic assays and also effective vaccine candidates which are vital elements in control and eradication of any infectious disease from an endemic country. In this review, we describe different structures of mature pox virion with reference to vaccinia virus (VACV), list of immunogenic candidate genes presents in CaPV genome and their p...

Saleem Ashraf1, Raheel Saqib2*, Zakaria Yousuf Hassan3, Muhammad Luqman4 and Abdur Rehman5  

...in the citrus marketing process. Total 120 randomly selected citrus growers were interviewed face to face and collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Findings affirmed that middleman, processing factories and friends/relatives were the foremost intermediaries in citrus marketing. Majority of growers (94.16%) preferred selling their pre-harvest fruit to proc<...
Saara Ahmad1,*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Saida Haider3, Zehra Batool4, Laraib Liaquat3, Fatima Ahmed5, Asra Khan1, Tahira Perveen3, Mirza Jawad ul Hasnain6, Saima Khaliq7 and Saad Bilal Ahmed8
...ver cells during such a process. As we have already studied the components of chicken feed previously, the purpose of this study was to observe the effects of chicken meat consumption on liver cells of rats. One hundred and twenty female Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and separately for standard chow rat, commercial chicken feed, commercial chicken meat and organic chicken meat over a six-week period. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis ...
Nafeesa Batool1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi1, Nida Aziz1, Ali Hussain2 and Syed Zawwar Hussain Shah3
...re also carried out for process monitoring. The highest cumulative biogas yield of 459.4 mL /g VS was observed in the co-digestion of DM + FW with 58.63 and 41.36 % CH4 and CO2 contents. BMP of the microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), FW and DM were observed as 401.2, 389.61 and 358.7 mL /g VS with CH4 and CO2 contents of 54.1 and 35.9, 51.13 and 42.2, 56.66 and 40 %, respectively. Th...
Nadeem Munawar1,2*, Tariq Mahmood2, Paula Rivadeneira1, Ali Akhter2 and Saqib Mehmood2
...pera, Calotropis procera, Sorghum halepense and Capparis deciduas. This vegetation supported the year-round population of rodents in the Pothwar agro-ecosystem by providing shelter, cover, and food. The data suggest that further research is needed to test various ecologically-based rodent management strategies e.g. management of non-crop habitats, cleaning of crop cache in post harvested fields, management of wild natural vegetation pr...
Hong-mei Gao, Wen-long Su, Gui-bin Tao, Han-yang Li, Wen-zheng Cao and Zhi-dong Qiu*
...ion of genistein on erythrocyte production is not clear. This study suggests that Geniposide promotes red blood cell production. We demonstrated that genistein did not affect the erythrocyte differentiation of mouse CD34+ cells. Then, we tested the geniposide indirectly affecting BM accessory cells. We conclude that geniposide maybe will control the erythropoiesis in vivo and reverse the BM microenvironment...
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Sajjad Ali2, Asad Abdullah1, Samina Khalid3, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Afzal1 and Jaima Molina-Ochoa5
... for the photosynthesis process. Thus, quantification of foliar area needed for the photosynthetic process is impartment. The recent methods used to quantify the foliar damage are relatively expensive and are mainly dependent on complex and state of art devices and instruments. Instead, smartphone application may be a good source to measure the foliar damage. In this study, foliar damage of Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidopter...
Abdurakhim Kuchboev1, Mehmonjon Egamberdiev2, Rokhatoy Karimova1, Oybek Amirov1 and Mitsuhiko Asakawa3,*
...currence of larval Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Brachylaima sp. is described with molecular evidences in gastropod intermediate hosts from Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan. Larvae of D. dendriticum were detected in 28 (10.7%) out of 262 Xceropicta candacharica, and 8 (9.7%) of 82 Angiomphalia gereliana. Brachylaima sp. larvae were found in 3 (1.6%) of 95 Pseudonapaeus sogdiana. The total number of larvae per snail var...
Muhammad Younis Laghari1,2, Zixia Zhao1, Yiwen Gong3, Punhal Lashari1,2, Shangqi Li1, Jian Xu1 , Ateeque Rahman Khooharo4, Jiongtang Li1,* and Yan Zhang1*
...population. To simplify procedure and improve effectiveness of identifying the Hainan population, one specific PCR-based marker acted as INDEL marker was developed and then 120 samples were used as templates for PCR validation. The specific marker will facilitate the assessment of genetic diversity and selective breeding programs for Hainan common carp.
...
Tasbihullah1, Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*, Tariq Ali3 , Umer Saddique1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Shafiq4, Sultan Ayaz2, Hamayun Khan1, Ijaz Ahmad1 Asadullah2, Raheela Taj5, Hafiz Nidaullah6 and Alamgir Khan7
...ing to improve hygienic process for end consumer during- egg production.
...

Reda Mohamed1, 2 

...urgeons during surgical procedures in the abdominal region in ruminants. 

...

Asmaa A. Darwish 

...nificant (P< 0.05) microcytic hypochromic anemia was observed in the PG and AG while, EG suffered from a macrocytic hyperchromic anemia. On contrast, a neutrophilic leukocytosis and lymphocytopenia was described in the three diseased groups. Biochemically, a significant (P< 0.05) increase in total protein, globulin, liver enzymatic activities, kidney function tests, total lipids, triglycerides, MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentr...

Kenneth Nnamdi Anueyiagu*, James Jingmang Kopmut, Chrysantus Achi Lagi and Kelly Nkem Okoh 

...fter standard bacterial procedure continued. A total of 83 (51.9%) S aureus isolates were identified, 54 (33.8%) MRSA, and 15 (9.4%) Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The study showed a statistical association between the prevalence of MRSA in livestock and students. This could lead to cross infection of MRSA from livestock to man and vice versa, hence of public health significance. 

...

Amit Sharma1* and Pankaj Sood2 

...eservation is a complex process that which involves balancing many factors in order to obtain satisfactory results. It causes ultrastructural, biochemical and functional damage to the spermatozoa leading to reduced motility, viability, impaired transport and fertility. Caprine sperms are extremely sensitive to cryopreservation compared to other species which is mainly attributed to the compositional variation of the sperm plasma membrane. Different factors af...

Muhammad Asif Farooq1*, Muhammad Jalal Arif1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi1, Bilal Atta2 and Ahmad Nawaz

...ulation reduction of Bactrocera spp., Drosicha mangiferae and Idioscopus clypealis. Although, pesticide contamination was higher in PRMM-1, however PRMM-2 was found best module when compared in terms of pest population reduction (90.79%), average yield and cost-benefit ratio (1:63.28). Conclusively, the pesticide residues can be minimized by applying different control measures with proper integration. 

...
Bo Gao1,2, Fengmei Yang3, Wei Chen2, Xiaojia Song4, Xiaobo Liu5 and Dongmin Li1*
Savas Atasever*, Ali Vaiz Garipoglu and Huseyin Erdem
...e, it is suggested that procedures including proper feeding implementations should exactly be managed on the herds.
...
Larysa Kladnytska1, Anatoliy Mazurkevych1, Natalia Bezdieniezhnykh2Oleg Melnyc1, Sergiy Velychko3, Mykola Malyuk1, Vasyl Danilov1Yuriy Kharkevych1 and Magdalena Gryzinska4*
...> incubator by standard procedure. Expression of cytoplasmic and membrane proteins on dog stem cells from fat tissue at the IVth and Xth passages was examined by immunohistochemical method using monoclonal antibodies. Determination the index of proliferationdogs adipose-derived stem cells (DADSCs) on IVth and Xth passages. Established that DADSCs contains multipotent stem cells, that are characterized by an almost ho...

Amjad Usman1*, Arshad Khan1, Ruidar Ali Shah2 and Toheed Iqbal3 

...ulation declined in the proceeding weeks, no S. dorsalis were recorded after June 22nd. In general, Roma supported lowest no. (4.16±0.23) of S. dorsalis plant-1 and Riogrande supported the highest (4.89±0.25) S. dorsalis plant -1 and were found comparatively resistant and susceptible respectively. There were more glandular trichomes than non-glandular trichomes on leaves. Among the glandular trichomes, Type IV was the most abundant followed by Ty...

Bahadar Sher Khattak1, Muhammad Kaleem1, Waqas2*, Humaira Naz1 and Muhammad Yasir

...ore starting the actual process of data collection. The total sample size of the study area was 150, randomly selected for interviews. After the data analysis, it was found that the majority of the respondents (83.3%) who were small farmers acquired and utilized micro-credit in establishing income generating entrepreneurs, purchased quality seeds, fertilizers and small scale modern technology. These innovations brought substantial enhancement in their farm pro...
Waqas Ahmad Shams1*, Gauhar Rehman1, Khurshaid Khan1, Ibrar Ahmad1, Saima Bibi1, Saif Ul Islam2, Dawood Safi1, Saba Gul Ayaz1
...re is a narrow marginal process with an almost straight distal end and a sharp tip lateral part with an apex. Periodic and corporal aspects inclined the abundance of Allacanthos. The dominant species was Allacanthos yawi (62.9%). The abundance was variable according to habitat type. Allacanthos yawi had abundance in Pir Baba and Budal localities. The season was also a factor for variation in their diversity. They were mostly found the June, July month. There i...
Sikander Ali* and S. Wajiha Khalid
...bes the optimization of process parameters for the enhanced production of a novel fungal exo-inulinase under liquid culture. Different fungal cultures were isolated and collected from various localities of Lahore and Murree (Punjab, Pakistan). Screening of these cultures was carried out in chemically defined medium i.e., 0.5 g/l (NH4)2SO4, 3 g/l KH2PO4, 1.5 g/l NaNO3, 0.01 g/l MgSO4.7...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Mudasser Nazir2, Aneela Hameed3, Nasir Ali Tauqir4, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Rana Muhammad Bilal5
...ary glands. The milking process is allowed to be managed by an exogenous OT by its vital role in neuro hormonal milk-ejection process. OT increases milk yield by gland output, which is not due to residual milk removal. OT also improves the persisten...

Muhammad Shakeel1,2*, Salik Nawaz2, Yasar Saleem3, Shazia Shafique2, Ateeq Tahir2 and Muhammad Riaz2

...="text-align: justify;">Broccoli production for more than just food has created needs to expend its cultivation spectrum in Pakistan. Present studies conducted during 2016-17 and were designed to understand socio-economic and agronomic constraints associated with adoption of broccoli in Pakistan. Growers and other stakeholders were contacted by personal visits, telephone calls and distribution of the structured questionnaire...
Bin Huo1 and Xiaoyun Shen1,2,3*
...l;">Tibetan Gazelle (Procapra picticaudata) are native wildlife to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. During the past five years, Tibetan Gazelle have been affected by rickets and osteomalacia, characterized by emaciation, growth retardation, lameness,enlargement of the costochondral junctions and abnormal curvature in long bones. The aim of the study was to determine possible relationships between the illness and mineral deficiency. The present result s...

Fazal Haq*, Asia Parveen, Safdar Hussain and Arshad Hussain 

...led through interviewed process from the random selected farmers were used as a tool for collecting primary data. The raw data is tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The analyzed data is used to develop the mathematical model. Simplex method is applied to find the optimal solution of the model, which showed 10.18% increase in the net revenue per year.  

...
Sana Khan1, Raheela Taj1, Noor Rehman2, Asad Ullah3, Imad Khan3 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3,*
...al (KTH), Peshawar, and processed by for isolation of C. freundii followed by phenotypic detection of β-lactamases and antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Our results indicated that a total of 130(4.40%;130/2950) samples were positive for C. freundii comprised of urine 58.46%, pus 33.85% and wounds 7.69%, respectively. More samples from females (n=70) than males (n=60) with majority (43.08%) from age group 21-40 years were fo...

H. Liu1, X.P. Tang1, R.J. Fang1,*, F.Yi2, C. Zhang2, R.Q. Yang1, F. Sun1 and S.Y. Zhou1 

...at 23-day-old piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an average body weight of (8.79±1.15) kg were randomly divided into 6 groups with 8 replicates in each group, and 6 piglets (3 castrated males and 3 females) per replicate. Control group was fed a basal diet, experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with copper amino acids addition level was 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg Cu or 150 mg/kg Cu from CuSO4 of the control group...
Shaheen Rahman1, Kafeel Ahmad1*, Niaz Ali2, Muhammad Idrees3 and Waqar Ali4
...stan. Soil samples were processed for the isolation of A. tumefaciens. Various biochemical and morphological tests were conducted to confirm the identity of A. tumefaciens. The pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by in vitro carrot and potato discs inoculation assays. A total of seven strains of A. tumefaciens were isolated on yeast extract mannitol agar (YEMA) medium. The isolated strains were confirmed as A. tumefaciens on...

Muhammad Ali1*, Norsida Man2, Farrah Melissa Muharam2 and Siti Zobidah Omar

...istered for statistical procedure. The findings confirmed that the theory (TPB) was statistically feasible to predict behavioral intention of farmers to use ICTs for agricultural risk management. The results further reveal that attitude was one of the most influenced of intention, which was followed by perceived behavioral control and lastly the subjective norms. Thus, using TPB in this context would be helpful for other researchers and academia to understand ...
Fehmina Ashraf1*, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Shaukat Ali3, Muhammad Khan1
... been used in different process like delignification of pulp. Laccases from bacterial species are used in dye decolouration and biobleaching processes. This review article describes the whole overview of laccases.

Korkmaz Bellitürk1, Zubair Aslam2, Ali Ahmad2* and Sami ur Rehman2

... the aerobic composting process is vermicompost which is prepared by the use of earthworms. Vermicompost contains sophisticated and more soluble major and minor nutrients. The objective of this experiment was the chemical and physical analysis of raw material of goat manure, cow dung, sheep manure and their vermicompost products. The earthworms for vermicomposting, Eisenia fetida (an epigeic species), were used as the test species. The samples were collected f...

Hassan Boulahyaoui1,2*, Sanaa Alaoui Amine1,3, Marouane Melloul4, Farida Hilali5, Elmostafa El-Fahime1,3, Saad Mrani1,2 and Nadia Touil1,5* 

...4 genotype detected in Moroccan children fully vaccinated with Rotarix™. After RNA virus extraction, the rotavirus VP7 and VP4 genes were amplified. The DNA was purified, sequenced and genotypes were determined using the RotaC online classification tool. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood method applying the Tamura 3-parameter model in MEGA 6.06 package and statistically supported by bootstrapping with 1000 replicates. The a...

Naseem Zahra1* and Shajia Jabeen

...ending upon the hulling process. Brown rice may become white rice when the bran layer is exposed of in the milling process. In present era where diseases are common and people are in search of nutritious diet containing minerals and essential compounds, brown rice is found to be healthiest and minerals rich food commodity. Due to its appearance, color and texture it is rarely used. Brown has a meek nutty flavor and may becom...

M. Hammouchi1*, G. Sebbar1, N. Touil2, C. Loutfi1, Y.S. Malik3, M. El-Harrak1 and O. Fassi-Fehri4 

...ts recently in 2008 in Morocco. The field data obtained during the outbreak indicated that there were marked differences in breed susceptibilities to PPRV infection. In the field exotic breeds of Alpine goats were observed to be highly susceptible to the disease, with mortality rates approaching 100%, contrary to local breeds which were less susceptible to the disease. In the present study, animals of local breed of Moroccan...
Imad Hassan1, Bilal-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Amir2, Faheem Ali2*, Salman Ilahi2 and Amjad Ali3 
... matter from industrial processes and boilers. This research proposes the development of a cost effective, simple and compact ESP, through practical installation and efficiency analysis. Experimental evaluation of the proposed ESP design is carried out for the removal of particulate matter from a biomass combustor. The results shown in this paper are promising and exhibit that a simple solution can achieve above 90% efficiency. The average particulate collecti...

H. Soofi†1 , N. A. Birmani1 , A. M. Dharejo1 , A. R. Abbasi2 , G. S. Ghachal1

Description of new nematode species Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) sindhicus of genus Rhabdochona (Railliet, 1916) from Indus River Pakistan
...ollected nematodes were processes with standard method for feature research. New species Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) sindhicus differs from other species of genus with body shape and size, buccal capsule shape, prostomal teeth arrangement, nerve ring position, 18 pairs of caudal papillae, spicules shape curved and broad anteriorly and pointed posteriorly, female genital structures, shape of posterior end in male and female, eggs shape and boundary. Due to morpho...

 Gulzar Mehmood1*, M. Zahid Khan1, Haseeb Ur Rahman1, and Sohail Abbas2

AN EFFICIENT AND SECURE SESSION KEY ESTABLISHMENT SCHEME FOR HEALTH-CARE APPLICATIONS IN WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS
... joins the network, the process of session key establishment
is re-initiated. The proposed scheme has been evaluated through extensive simulation, and the results are compared
with an existing scheme. The simulation results show that our scheme is efficient and cost effective in terms of
communication and computation cost, and key establishment delay, hence conserves energy and enhances security.

...

 Tajwali Khan1*, Ihtzaz Qamar1, Feroz Shah2, Kareem Akhtar2, Rehman Akhtar3

MODEL FOR FUEL DROPLET EVAPORATION IN COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF LIQUID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES
...ific impulse from liquid rocket engines. Combustion takes place in gaseous phase and reaction is fast. So, the
time consumed by a droplet for complete burning is the time taken by a droplet to get evaporated. An analytical
mono component fuel droplet evaporation model is developed and proposed for droplet evaporation in liquid rocket
engine based on heat and mass transfer. Effect of the fuel droplet curv...

Ahmad Hussain1*, Syed Murtuza Mehdi2, Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Adeel3, Mohammed Hassan Jabal4, Farid Nasir Ani4 

INVESTIGATION THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CASTOR OIL WITH MINERAL OIL BLENDS
...ng carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emission, when used in
such applications as lubricant in internal combustion engines and in industrial processes. In this paper, the impact
of mixing mineral oil at certain proportions with vegetable oil is discussed its use as commercial lubrication oil is
also outlined, The tribological attributes are investigated through the well known four ball tribotester method. In...

Muhammad Qasim Khan1, Syed Athar Masood1 

PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC SECTOR AUTOMOBILE REBUILD ORGANIZATION
...by government rules and procedures unlike private sector organizations
which are driven solely on profitability factor. Therefore, conventional productivity improvement models are
as such not fully applicable to public sector rebuild organizations. In this context, data of a public sector automobile
rebuild organization has been collected. Total and partial productivities of the organization have been measured and
analyzed by using ...

Mahmood Alam Khan1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Mujahid Khan*2, Amjad Khan1 

TEMPORAL VARIATION IN GROUND WATER QUALITY DUE TO URBANIZATION. CASE STUDY: DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
...ame locations. Standard procedures
were adopted to determine the selected parameters and results of both the studies were compared. Comparative
analysis of both the studies showed that some of the chemical parameters values gained an increase while other got
decreased. Results also showed that electrical conductivity (EC), Cl-, SO4-2, NO3-1 were increased by 119.11%,
29.98%, 469.60%, and 59.47% respectively, while total dissolved so...

Naveed ul Hasan Syed*1, Qurat-ul-Ain1, Muddasar Habib1, Naseer Ahmed Khan1, Sultan Ali1 

A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN A SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
...the influence
of process variables such as hot and cold water flow rate, and the hot water inlet temperature on the overall
heat transfer coefficient (U). The results show that the U increased with increasing the hot water and cold water flow
rates. Similarly, the increase in hot water inlet temperature, improved heat transfer rate. It was observed that the
increase in the U by increasing the cold water flow rate was significantly h...

Kifayat Ullah*1, Tahir Mahmood2, Naeem Jan3, Zeeshan Ali4 

A NOTE ON GEOMETRIC AGGREGATION OPERATORS IN T-SPHERICAL FUZZY ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN MULTI-ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING
... decision making (MADM) process is comprehensively discussed in T-spherical fuzzy environment and elaborated with
a numerical example. The results obtained are analyzed and their advantages over existing structures are studied.

...

Rashid Nawaz*1, Iftikhar Hussain1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1 

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE CEMENT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN USING ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
...le
manufacturing processes. The data gathered through questionnaire distributed among 213 respondents representing
24 cement plants were analyzed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The proposed KPIs are supposed to
assist the decision makers in achieving environmental sustainability. Among the 11 KPIs identified, the KPI “Total
amount of Emissions in Metric tons of CO2 equivalent per ...

Zeeshan Al Hameed1, Junaid Saleem2*, Syed Sajid Hussain1, Ahsan Abdul Ghani2, Hira Lal2 

STUDY OF INDIGENOUS FLUORSPAR AS METALLURGICAL FLUX
...o undergo beneficiation process to get it concentrated before being added into the furnace. In this
study, we report, for the first time in Pakistan, that the indigenous Fluorspar can directly be used as a metallurgical
flux without any beneficiation process as it is rich in Fluorite and also contains small amount of other compounds
that are required to be fed as part of slag. Specifically, it contains o...

Younis Jamal1, Asad Naeem Shah1, Wasif Amin Butt1, Ahmad Naveed1*, Muhammad Usman1 

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FUEL INJECTION PARAMETERS ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS
...carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and
smoke emissions along with better performance characteristics such as brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and
brake power (BP), while exhibit slightly higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx) relative to other combinations. Moreover,
the same combination also proves to be effective on emission control at 8 mode steady-state cycle.

...

Nasir Ahmad1*, Jehad Ali2, Khalil Khan3, Muhammad Naeem4, Usman Ali5 

ROBUST MULTIMODAL FACE RECOGNITION WITH PRE-PROCESSED KINECT RGB-D IMAGES
... sensors, therefore we process them to remove these distortions and then we apply the face recognition algorithm.
Experimental results reveal that the accuracy of face recognition can be increased by combining RGB and depth
images and applying pre-processing on depth maps which mitigate the effects of covariates such as holes and noise
in the depth maps. 

...

Naseem Ahmad1, Sahar Noor1, Rehman Akhtar1*, Misbah Ullah1, Khizar Azam2 

PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF COMPRESSOR TO RECOVER FLARE GAS USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT TECHNIQUES
...of a new proposed plant process. Some factors responsible for disturbing routine
of compressor are categorized and pertinent information is togethered from various resources. The information is
thoroughly studied to enhance factors performance and the factors were set up according to the modified compressor
compression system. The suggested equipped factors guide to enhance the recuperate of low pressure burn gas and
the proposed ap...

Rafiullah Khan1, Sakhi Jan1*, Muhammad Amjad1, Saeed Badshah1, Sajjad Ahmad1 

CRACK CLOSURE AND FIBRE BRIDGING CONTRIBUTION IN THE STRESS-RATIO EFFECT ON DELAMINATION GROWTH UNDER FATIGUE
...e fatigue test data was process using fracture mechanics principles. The delamination
growth rate in laminates was characterized using approach of strain energy release rate. The results of the experiments
of fatigue delamination growth with bridging fibres and un-bridged fibres have been compared for different
fatigue stress-ratios. The results show that crack closure only occurs at lower stress ratios. Fibre bridging does not
affe...

Muhammad Aamir1*, Riaz Muhammad1, Naseer Ahmed1, Muhammad Sadiq2, Muhammad Waqas3, Izhar1 

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LEAD FREE SOLDER ALLOY FOR GREEN ELECTRONICS UNDER HIGH STRAIN RATE AND THERMAL AGING
... properties while a reciprocal relationship
is obtained between aging temperature and mechanical properties. 

...

Muhammad Shahzad Khattak*1, Barkatullah1, Ayesha Aziz1, Jamil Ahmad2, Mohammad Sharif3, Mukand Singh Babel4, Muhammad Fahad5

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP WATER REQUIREMENT UNDER MULTI - REPRESENTATIVE CONCENTRATION PATHWAYS DURING MID-CENTURY: A CASE STUDY OF D. I. KHAN
...cc_csm1_1_m, gfdl_cm3, miroc5 and noresm1_m, were considered suitable for simulating the present
day climate for the study area. The Ensemble average of these four selected models showed an increase in mean
temperature of 2.07 oC and 2.47 oC, and an increase in PPT of 8% and 10% under RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively.
Similarly, ETo showed an increase of 17% and 21% under both scenarios. Ensemble seasonal CWR of wheat crop
under RCP 4....

Nabeel Maqsood1,2*, Afzal Khan1, Muhammad Khalid Alamgir2, Shaukat Ali Shah1, Muhammad Fahad3 

PTFE THIN FILM COATING ON 316L STAINLESS STEEL FOR CORROSION PROTECTION IN ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT
...idic media containing Hydrochloric acid (HCL). The anticorrosion property of the 316L SS and PTFE
coating was studied in 40% HCL by electrochemical corrosion test and potentiodynamic polarization curves at room
temperature and compared. The morphology of uncoated and coated substrates were examined by scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) while the compositional analysis performed through energy dispersive ...

Rafiullah Khan1, Waseem ur Rahman1, Misbah Ullah2, Kamran Afaq3, Muhammad Amjad1, Sakhi jan1 

AGE EFFECT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIP JOINT BONE: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
...e
used. The test procedures were similar to ASTM (American standard for testing and measurements) techniques. The
test result revealed reduction in mechanical properties of hip joint bone with the age. 

...

Kulsoom Iftikhar1, Shahzad Anwar1, Izhar Ul Haq1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1 and Sayed Riaz Akbar1 

AN OPTIMAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION

Misbah Ullah1, Rehman Akhtar1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1, Khawar Naeem1 

CYCLE TIME OPTIMIZATION FOR IMPERFECT MANUFACTURING SETUP FOCUSING WORK-IN-PROCESS INVENTORY
...

Imperfect production processes have been focused during recent decades for optimum lot size calculation based on
average cost minimization. However, cycle time optimization has been ignored relatively when processes are imperfect
and inspection as a process is considered. Furthermore, the role of work-in-process inventory with respect to...

Aqeel Nawaz1, Muhammad Ali Kamran1 

PARAMETRIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF CONVEX STAR PORT PROPELLANT GRAIN FOR SOLID ROCKET MOTOR
...central place in a solid rocket motor design activity. Ballistic quality of a designed grain
can be evaluated by two vital indexes known as neutrality and sliver content. Sliver content results in tail-off of
the thrust-time curve. These two measures of merit are an important part of acceptable grain design. This paper is
restricted to the study of convex port star grain geometry and describes parametric evaluation to assess the effects

Muneeb Abrar1, Shabbir Majeed Chaudhry2 

DESIGN OF A LOW NOISE, LOW POWER AND SPURIOUS FREE PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR AND CHARGE PUMP FOR PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS
...or
the detection process, which reduces the chip area and power consumption of the PLL block. It also minimizes the
dead zone and eliminates the reset path to reduce the delay. The output is passed through a buffer to suppress the
distortion and to reduce the overall output noise. Phase noise has been reduced to -156 (dBc/Hz) at 1 MHz offset
frequency. A simple current mirror based charge pump circuit is presented next. The charge p...

Muhammad Masood Tahir1, Ayyaz Hussain2, Saeed Badshah3, Qaisar Javaid2 

RULE-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF BEARING FAULTS USING CENTRAL TENDENCY OF TIME DOMAIN FEATURES
...nd efficient diagnostic procedure, and purges the
requirement of expensive training of conventional classifier. A test rig is used to acquire vibration data from bearings
having localized faults, and various TDFs are extracted. It is worth mentioning that fluctuations in random vibration
signals may alter the feature values. Therefore, each of the TDFs is processed statistically to approximate its reliab...

Faisal Shabbir*, Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Naveed Ahmad*, Jawad Hussain*, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir* 

INVESTIGATION OF USING PAPER INDUSTRY WASTE (HYPO SLUDGE) IN CONCRETE MIX
... /> (gravel, sand, fine rock, water etc). In order to address such environmental issues related to cement manufacturing
there is dire need of replacing cement with other binders to be used in concrete. This study investigates the utilization of waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) in concrete. WPSA was partly replaced in the ratios of 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent of cement. Specimens were tested for initial setting time, final setting time, mechanical strengths (...

Rahim Haider*, Al Mustaan Kakar*, Sikandar Bilal Khattak*, Safi ur Rahman**, Shahid Maqsood*, Misbah Ullah*, Rehman Akhtar*, Aamir Sikandar* 

DEVELOPMENT OF OPTIMIZED MAINTENANCE SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE FLEET
...ineffective maintenance procedures. To avoid major market
losses, an efficient maintenance model is required. This research proposed a maintenance system that integrates the
flow of information by incorporating different maintenance strategies. The analysis is carried out on the basis of
likelihood of the failures. Five Why Analysis is used to identify the root cause. The model incorporates the inspection
method by using checklists ...

Asif Ali Khan*, Laiq Hassan*, Salim Ullah* 

OPEN MP-BASED PARALLEL AND SCALABLE GENETIC SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT
... order to speed up this process. In this paper, we discuss and
evaluate an OpenMP based implementation of SW algorithm. All the experiments have been performed on a Linux
based multi-core machine thereby reducing the overall complexity of the SW algorithm from quadratic to linear. The
results obtained with various input sequences demonstrate that the parallel version of the SW algorithm runs 2.63
times faster than its sequential cou...

Anwar Ullah*, Sabir Islam*, Sikandar Bilal Khattak*, Safi Ur Rahman**, Shahid Maqsood*, Misbah Ullah*, Rehman Akhtar*, Rashid Nawaz* 

MAINTENANCE SYSTEM FOR HEAVY EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
...ineffective maintenance procedures of the heavy earth moving equipment’s. Poor record keeping
and un-systemized maintenance procedures leads to reducing the machine effective life cycle. To avoid catastrophic
losses in production and, market share, a maintenance model for such equipment is developed. Heavy equipment
availability is mandatory on site. Their movement is critical and usually limited. ...

Muhammad Asad Ali, Mirza Jahanzaib, Muhammad Ahsan Ul Haq 

ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF SQUEEZE CASTING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF OVERCAST AL-ALLOY JOINT USING RSM
...s using squeeze casting process. The quality of overcast joints fabricated via squeeze casting depend on mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and yield strength. Mechanical properties depends upon the input casting parameters named as squeeze pressure, pressure duration and melt temperature. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the effect of above mentioned input parameters on UTS and YS. Empirical models for UTS and YS...

Muhammad Amir, Syed Waqar Shah, Michael J. Pont 

FAULT-MANAGEMENT ON SYSTEM’S LEVEL IN CAN-BASED “SHARED-CLOCK” ENVIRONMENTS
... in the Journal of Microprocessors and Microsystems (Volume 37, 2013, issue 1, pages 9-23) which was concerned with fault-management on embedded level. In this paper, we intend to show that the use of a Port Guardian (PG) mechanism can also improve fault-management on system’s level. 

...

Sajjad Hussain, Nisar Mohammad, Zahid Ur Rehman, Noor Mohammad, Ishaq Ahmad, Naseer Muhammad Khan, Salim Raza 

EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY CYANIDATION PROCESS FROM COMPLEX ORE OF SHOUGHUR AREA CHITRAL, KYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...nd part the cyanidation process was applied on roasted and un-roasted ore samples. The cyanidation time and grinding time were optimized. The maximum grade of gold 71.82 ppm and silver 25.95 ppm was extracted from roasted ore samples at cyanidation time of 35 hours and grinding time of 30 minutes as compared to unroasted ore samples. It is concluded that cyanidation process on roasted ore samples gives encouraged results as ...
Kemi F. Omotesho*, Adedamola V. Adetayo, Adeniyi F. Akinrinde and Deborah A. Olabode
 
Challenges to the Adoption of Agricultural Innovations: The Case of Yam Minisett Technology in Kwara State, Nigeria
.... A four-stage sampling procedure was used to select 205 respondents on whom an interview schedule was administered. Descriptive statistics, Probit Regression Analysis and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation, were used to analyse data. Result reveals that the farmers were mostly males (71.2%), middle-aged (50.7years,) with an average of 28 years of farming experience. Only 58.5 percent of the farmers had adopted the YMT. Training was most required in th...

Inamullah Khan1*, Amjad Usman2  and Rahamdad Khan2

The Mortality Rate of Pupae and Adult of Fruit Fly Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae) Affected by Different Submerging Time and Soil Types under the Laboratory Treatment
...dult stage. Pupae of Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett at different ages by hour i.e., 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 (hrs) were submerged underwater for (1 and 24 hrs). The rate of pupal emergence to adult stage and mortality was investigated. Results showed that emergence and mortality of B. cucurbitae was significantly affected by both submerging time and pupal age. The 12 hrs pupae were more sensitive than 72 hrs pupae, with minimum adult emergence rate and maximum ...

Shaista Naz1*, Noor P. Khan1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Azra2 

Does Women’s Participation in Livestock Management Enhance their Empowerment? An Insight from the Tribal Belt of Pakistan
...ting, milk handling and processing, animal health problems, animals keeping place, and number and breed of animals were more significant for assessing women empowerment as depicted by the high DMI value of above 0.80. Moderate level of women empowerment was observed in the activities of animals’ purchase (0.57), animals’ sale (0.59), and livestock income utilization (0.63) due to their low level of mobility and technical know-how. Almost all the ho...

Muhammad Naveed Anjum1, Abdur Rehman1*, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan1, Raheel Saqib2, Mohammad Fayaz3 and Iqbal Javed4

Impact of Microfinance on Socioeconomic Status of Farmers in District Dera Ismail Khan
...omes increases due to microcredit’s facility and due to increase in income, the farmers are able to get more access to the health facilities than before. 82.2% farmer’s response indicated that the microfinance have a positive and significant impact on the children’s educational status and due to microfinance their children were moved from government to private schools. Moreover, the parents whose children were not getting their education from...

Sajjad Haydar*, Zunaira Asif*, A. A. Bhatti**, Obaidullah Nadeem***, Ghulam Hussain*, Nadeem Abbas*

EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT IN THE PUNJAB TANNERY SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF DADA TANNERY
...pliance, during tanning process, has forced this sector to install
wastewater treatment plants to address the issue. This study aims to evaluate the performance of wastewater
treatment plant (WWTP) of a local tanning industry. Raw wastewater showed high concentration of organic matter
and Chromium. Phosphorous concentration was found deficient for satisfactory biological treatment. WWTP showed
overall removal eff...

Wisal Shah*, Muhammad Nafees**, Muhammad Iqbal***

EVALUATION OF MARBLE SLURRY WASTE FOR PREPARATION OF COMMERCIAL GRADE CEMENT
...xt-align: left;">Marble processing is generating a large amount of slurry waste which poses serious impact on the environment.
This study was conducted with the objective to demonstrate the practicability of using marble slurry wastes in the
manufacturing of cement on commercial scale. Waste marble slurry was obtained from marble processing units

 Sikandar Afridi*, Muhammad Irfan Khattak**, Nasim Ullah***, Gulzar Ahmad**, Muhammad Shafi**

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS MERGED WITH DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORMS
...WT. As a result of this process the size of database will reduce to one-fourth of the conventional
PCA in which the facial features are extracted directly from the image by calculating the Eigenface. The size of the
train database is reduced with the proposed technique which reduces the processing time of the face recognition
without losing the accuracy. Performance of face recognition sys...

 Asif Ali Khan*, Nasru Minallah*, Shahbaz Khan**

ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SUPERVISED CLASSIFIERS FOR CROP IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION USING MULTI-SPECTRAL IMAGERY
...y of Pakistan. After preprocessing, which is a preparatory step in analyzing
and classifying satellite imagery to improve classification results and reduce the efforts and processing time, different
supervised classifiers namely Maximum Likelihood approach, Neural Network and Minimum Distance Classifier have
been used to classify the imagery. Training data for classifiers has been collecte...

Atta Ur Rehman, Laiq Hassan, Nasir Ahmad, Kashif Ahmad, Shakirullah

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND HAMMING DISTANCE USED FOR IRIS RECOGNITION
...>description of some preprocessing steps. In preprocessing stage, Circular Hough Transform and Canny Edge
Detector are employed for iris segmentation, while for iris normalization and feature extraction, the Rubber Sheet
Model and one-dimensional (1-D) Log-Gabor Filter are used respectively. Finally for classification/matching of iris
patterns, Hamming Distance and Support Vector Machine (...

 Muhammad Asad Ali 1*, Mirza Jahanzaib1, Muhammad Ahsan Ul Haq1

ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF SQUEEZE CASTING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF OVERCAST ALUMINIUM-ALLOY JOINT USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
...s using squeeze casting process. The quality
of overcast joints fabricated via squeeze casting depend on mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength
and yield strength. Mechanical properties depends upon the input casting parameters named as squeeze pressure,
pressure duration and melt temperature. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to analyze the effect of
above mentioned input parameter...

 Muhammad Amir*1, Syed Waqar Shah1, Michael J. Pont2

FAULT-MANAGEMENT ON SYSTEM’S LEVEL IN CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK BASED “SHARED-CLOCK” ENVIRONMENTS
...>
Journal of Microprocessors and Microsystems (Volume 37, 2013, issue 1, pages 9-23). In this paper, we intend to
show that the use of a Port Guardian (PG) mechanism can also improve fault-management on system’s level.
...

 Sajjad Hussain1*, Nisar Mohammad1, Zahid Ur Rehman1, Noor Mohammad1, Ishaq Ahmad1,

Naseer Muhammad Khan2 and Salim Raza1
EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY AGITATION CYANIDATION PROCESS FROM COMPLEX ORE OF SHOUGHUR AREA CHITRAL, KYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN
...ld cyanidation/leaching process is the most versatile processing technique used for extraction of gold utilizing

different cyanidation parameters likes grinding time, pH, cyanidation time, sodium cyanide (NaCN) and lime CaO..
The efficiency of cyanidation process depends on dosage of each parameter. In present research work the extraction
of gold and silve...

 Muhammad Irfan*, Saeed Gul*, Mohammad Younas*, Babar Nawaz*, M. Ishfaq*, M. Amir Durrani*, Abid khan*

FERMENTATION OF SUGARCANE MOLASSES BY SACCHARAMYCES CEREVESIA: EFFECTS OF OPERATING PARAMETERS ON ETHANOL PRODUCTION
...ol through fermentation process. A pilot plant has been designed and fabricated to investigate the effect ofprocess parameters for the sustainable production of ethanol from sugar cane molasses. The effect of various...

Nisar Mohammad*, Mohammad Mansoor Khan* Noor Mohammad*

CHARACTERIZATION OF TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES, DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...-east-asian: normal;">rock of Mingora emerald mines located in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. These rocks host 

Farid Ullah Khan*, Sheraz Ali Khan*

A SMART STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN SYSTEM FOR DOMESTIC ELECTRIC POWER GENERATORS
...rator. An ATMEL 89C51 microcontroller, relays, voltage regulators, current amplifier, automatic switching relay and step down transformers are used in the prototype circuit to control the functions required for startup, shutdown and switching onto and off the electric grid supply. Simulation of the developed system was performed in Proteus software and a prototype system has been implemented and tested with a 3500 W household electrical generator. The system p...

Nisar Mohammad٭, Mohammad Mansoor Khan٭, Noor Mohammad٭

EXTRACTION OF HIGH QUALITY TALC FROM TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES BY FLOTATION AND LEACHING
...es of carbonatic talcose rock of Mingora emerald mine located in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan were conducted to recover high quality talc out of the talc carbonate rock and to develop a technique for up gradation of indigenous noncommercial talc resources from other locations. These rocks host emerald crystals and the debris are dumped after excavation and extraction of...

Saeed Gul*, Muhammad Irfan*, Hazrat Bilal*, Atta-ur-rehman*, Umair Khan*, Sadaqat ullah khan*

RECYCLING OF USED ENGINE OIL USING SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND DISTILLATION
...;">A solvent extraction process has been used to recycle the used engine oil. The solvent used for the treatment of used engine oil is a mixture of ethanol, 1- butanol and toluene. The effect of operating parameters on the recycling process has been investigated for optimal conditions. The process parameters considered were agitator speed for blending, boiler temperature and solvent to use...

Farid Ullah Khan*

ACTUATION ENHANCEMENT OF A MICRO BIMORPH THERMAL ACTUATOR
...eneric fabrication process in order to show the practical utility of this research in the field of MEMS. The DMDs actuated by BTAs, are easy to fabricate and can scan through larger angles as compared to electrostatically actuated DMDs.
...

Muhammad Imran Ahmad*, Nan Zhang**, Megan Jobson**, Muhammad Younas*, Kamran Ghani***

DELUMPING PROCEDURE FOR PREDICTION OF DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTS IN DISTILLATION USING A SHORT-CUT MODEL
...n for distillation processes using short-cut calculations of distillation is developed in this work. The proposed delumping procedure is explained in this paper, and an illustrative example is presented to elucidate the application in modeling of distillation using short-cut calculation methods. The proposed methodology helps retain molecular information of composition of petroleum fractions and may help ...

Tahir Usman*, Khan Muhammad*

MODELING OF BLASTING COST AT DEEWAN CEMENT QUARRY, HATTAR USING MULTIVARIATE REGRESSION
... step in the production process for mines and quarries and the cost of which is normally 8% to 12% of the total costs. Hence, reduced blasting cost is one of the main objectives of production blasting at a cement quarry. This paper presents the development of a prediction model for blasting cost per ton at Deewan cement quarry operations, located in Hattar, Pakistan. The dataset primarily consisted of a total of 12 parameters which has been...

Inayat Ullah*, Shah Khusro**, Saeed Mahfooz**, Azhar Rauf**

IMPACT OF NETWORK SCALABILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RIP AND IGRP FOR EMAIL SERVICES
...ed to automate the process of routing. Routing protocols dynamically determine best path(s) to every network. Routing protocols are classified as distance vector and link-state routing protocols. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) are examples of distance vector while Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) are link-state routing protocols. Both RIP ...

 Amjad Ali*, Amir Nawaz Khan*, Atta-ur-Rahman*, Muhammad Saeed*

ANALYSIS OF SITE, SITUATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON RESETTLEMENT OF PROPOSED NEW BALAKOT TOWN, PAKISTAN: AN EX POST EVALUATION OF 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE
...these groups resist the process of resettlement. This uncertainty about the resettlement is the product of human interaction with the site and situation of new Balakot town in post 2005 Kashmir earthquake scenario. The site is feasible while situation is not encouraging in the new Balakot town, which creates uncertainty about the future of new Balakot town. This paper attempts to carry out the analysis of site, situation and their impact on rese...

Mumtaz Shah*, Hashim Nisar Hashmi* Naeem Ejaz* Abdul Razzaq Ghumman*

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
...c and aerobic microbial processes. The treatment is further followed by chemical conversions, sedimentation and volatilization. The highest pollutant removalswere observed for attemperature range of 15-38oC and at pH variation between 6 and 9. In developing countries like Pakistan, where no importance is being given to municipal sewage treatment, the method found to be environmentally and financially sustainable.
...

Sajid Ullah Butt, Aamer Ahmed Baqai, Syeda Naela Fatima, Hasan Aftab Saeed

MATERIAL HANDLING COST CONSIDERATION IN PROCESS PLAN SELECTION FOR RECONFIGURABLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
... is needed. In RMS, the process plan is designed such that changes in demand or features etc. can easily be reflected without major loss in manufacturing time or cost. The costs usually included are machine usage, tool usage, machine change, tool change costs etc. All the parameters related to these costs become a part of the process plans. The focus of this research is to include material handling equipment such as tra...

Behram Khan1, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Said Qasim3, Atta-ur Rahman4

ANALYSIS OF HUMAN PERCEPTIONS AND ADAPTATIONS TO FLASH FLOODS IN KHYBER AGENCY, FATA
...hniques were applied to process and analyze the data. As a result, the data were analytically discussed and presented in the form of tables, maps and plates. The analysis reveals that people of the area perceived about the recurrence of future flash floods during rainy season. Most of the people perceived the flash floods as it hit the study area with devastating impacts and the extent of flood damages. In spite of flood risk, the level of affinity towards liv...

 Qazi Salman Khalid1, Muhammad Abas1, Mudassar Rauf2, Mirza Jahanzaib2, Shahid Maqsood1

HYBRID PARTICLE SWARM ALGORITHM FOR SCHEDULING IN CELLULAR MANUFACTURING SYSTEM- A CASE STUDY
...minimization of work in process (WIP) and maximization of average machine cell utilization. Implementation of proposed algorithm had increased the utilization from 65% to 82 % while minimized the WIP to 6 parts from 25parts.

...

 Sikandar Bilal Khattak, Iftikhar Hussain, Rashid Nawaz

EVALUATING THE SOCIAL ASPECT OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION FOR PAKISTAN VIA ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
...th Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The pair wise comparison (From-To) charts are generated for all central tendency measures. These measures are used as input for AHP independently. The factors are ranked on the basis of their Eigen values obtained from AHP analysis. The result shows that clean water is considered in almost all of the projects whereas the universities and other research institutes are hardly considered in any projects.

...

 Zawar Hussain Khan1*, T. Aaron Gulliver2, Khizar Azam3, Khurram Shehzad Khattak4

MACROSCOPIC MODEL ON DRIVER PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR AT CHANGES IN TRAFFIC
...me taken to observe and process local traffic conditions and then initiate actions while psychological behavior includes the attitude and awareness of a driver. Thus, the traffic constant encompasses the perception, awareness, attitude, and reaction of a driver. The proposed model is evaluated for changes in traffic flow caused by an inactive bottleneck. The results are compared with those for the Payne-Whitham (PW) model. This shows that t...

Shakir Azim1*, Sahar Noor1, Rehman Akhtar1, Qazi Salman Khalid1, Tufail Habib1, Usman Ghani2

SETTING OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AND EFFECT OF MOULD QUALITY ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PHARMACEUTICAL CUP OF POLYPROPYLENE
...ranks as one of the key processes for the production of plastics components. It is a rapid process and is bring into utilization to produce bulk of identical products ranging from high precision engineering articles to disposable consumer products. As of late, the production of plastic items has expanded quickly in light of the fact that plastic items are low in price, light in weight and quick for shape frami...

 Nisar Mohammad1, Mohammad Mansoor Khan1

RECOVERY OF TALC FROM TALC- CARBONATE SCHIST OF SWAT EMERALD MINES, NWFP, PAKISTAN
...dertaken on talc bearing rock of Swat emerald mines, aiming at finding some suitable processing technique to recover talc. A few processing tests using flotation, gravity separation and leaching methods were conducted to see the amenability of talc to enrichment by these techniques. Analysis of seven talcum powder products available in the local market including pharmaceutic...

Abdul Shakoor1, R.A. Sayed2, Khizar Azam2

KNOWLEDGE BASE TECHNOLOGIES AS A NEW PARADIGM IN DATA DRIVEN MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
...mp; Introduction (NPDI) process and improves the effectiveness of information flow in Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) environment. This paper describes the development of Knowledge Base System (KBS) to select process for making circular shapes and explores the manufacturability of the required designed product. The KBS is an expert system, used to select the suitable proc...

Adnan Tariq,1 Iftikhar Hussain,2 Abdul Ghafoor,3 Sahar Noor2

AN EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM FOR JOB-SHOP SCHEDULING
... efficient and accurate procedures for scheduling are required to substantiate its usefulness. Therefore, in this paper a hybrid approach, primarily based on Genetic Algorithm (GA), is presented to handle the problem of scheduling job-shop that consists of m number of machines and n number of jobs. This approach is actually a combination of a Local Search Heuristic (LSH) with standard GA and optimizes the value of makespan. Computational ex...

 Laiq Khan1, Sidra Mumtaz2, Kamran Javed3, S.W. Shah4, M.I. Khan Babar5, S.R. Akbar6

GENERATORS MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING USING HARMONY SEARCH ALGORITHM
... of music improvisation process of searching for a perfect state of harmony. To verify the great power of this method, HS algorithm is applied to solve GMS problem of different power production systems. Simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm is a powerful search algorithm for various optimization problems.
...

 Muhammad Naeem Khan Khattak1, Hamidullah1, Shehryar2

PROBLEMS, ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE AUTOMOTIVE VENDOR INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN—I
... five major categories: processes/ operations, supply chain, resources, testing & quality control, and poor technology climate. It includes both the vendors who are working for Japanese and local motorcycle assemblers. The analysis of the findings of survey interviews, expert’s discussions, and media releases has unveiled some daunting facts pertinent to automotive vendor industry of Pakistan. The salient outcomes of the analysis ...

 Muhammad Shaheen*, Muhammad Shahbaz*, Zahoor ur Rehman* and Sajid Mehmood*

A METHOD OF DATA MINING FOR SUSTAINABLE HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION
...es. In Pakistan, hydrocarbons are considered to be one of the major sources of energy. The contribution of hydrocarbon to overall development will be considered sustainable only if the hydrocarbon exploration rate will conform to its consumption rate. To ensure sustainable energy development, sustainability indicators had been agreed by world experts in a summit held in...

Rashidullah*, Irshad Ahmad**

SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS OF ISLAMABAD
...ed for Islamabad at rock site due to Main Boundary Thrust (MBT). In PSHA using the Crisis-2007 software, PGA values with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years i.e. the return period of 475 years have been determined. The PGA results obtained at bedrock are 0.28g by BA08 NGA attenuation relation.
...

Markus I. Francis1*, Paul I. Ankeli2, Clara N. Kwanashie1, Jibril Adamu1, Lushaikyaa Allam1, Mashood A. Raji3, Godwin O. Egwu4, Flavio Sacchini5 and Massimo Scacchia5

Detection of Mycoplasma bovis from Cattle Presented for Slaughter in Adamawa and Taraba States, Northeastern Nigeria
...spectively Samples were processed based on standard laboratory protocols. An overall Mycoplasma bovis isolation rate of 0.83% (4/480) was obtained. Based on the states studied, 1 (0.35%) and 3 (1.53%) M. bovis were isolated from Adamawa and Taraba States, respectively with an insignificant association between M. bovis infection and the states sampled (P>0.05). Based on organs/site sampled, 2 (5.40%) isolates of M. bovis were from lung tissues and 1 (2.70%) ...

Uzma Arif1, Sadar Uddin Siddiqui2, Muhammad Fareed Khan1, Muhammad Arshad3 and Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi

...and D6) the germination process ceased to progress. Similarly, the growth performances of the seedlings were slower at higher temperatures coupled with longer storage periods. The aging led to decline in seedling fresh and dry biomass as well as root and shoot development capacity; while the deleterious effect of higher temperature (45°C) were more pronounced and severely affected the seedling growth and development from start. The information generated on...

Matiullah Khan1*, Humera Arif2, Muhammad Rasheed2, Motsim Billah3 and Shoaib Ahmad

...duction. The huge amount rock phosphate (RP) found in Hazara area of Pakistan can be utilized as P source by preparing Single Super Phosphate (SSP). The spatial variation in minerology of Hazara RP might have an impact on the availability of phosphorus from these rocks. The experiment was therefore planned to revisit the formulation of SSP for various Hazara locations’ rock, for obta...
Magbolah Salem Helal Alzahrani
... This study showed that proceeding liver damage using CCl4 and administering 5% M. chamomilla, liver function improved significantly as shown with a reduction in serum AST, ALT and ALP, and use of M. chamomilla should be considered in combination therapy for treating liver disease or damage.
...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2, Irshad Ahmad3, Kashif Prince1*, Ghazunfar Rashid1, Mahboob Ali1, Imdad Ullah Khan4Asad Ullah5, Naimat Ullah4, Muhammad Shoaib2 and Said Sajjad Ali Shah2
...indicated that mean erythrocyte count (RBC) and hemoglobin levels decreased while the mean leukocytes (WBC), platelets, packet cell volume (PCV) and total bilirubin levels increased significantly (P<0.05) in sheep infected with Clostridium perfringens type A. Sheep infected with Clostridium perfringens type B and type D showed significant (P<0.05) decreases in erythrocytes counts (RBC) and hemoglobin leve...

Olga Mikhailovna Blinnikova1*, Vadim Anatolyevich Babushkin1, Lyudmila Gennadievna Eliseeva2 and Galina Severyanovna Usova3

Modeling a Formulation and Assessment of the Consumer Properties of the Special Purpose Starch Drink
...ng of foodstuff suggest process of creation of the optimum recipes capable to provide the optimum level of adequacy of a complex of properties of foodstuff to the normalized sizes of contents macro and micronutrients, energy and requirements of the consumer. Using of a hydrolyzate of collagen as a component of the enriched foodstuff opens unlimited opportunities of production of the goods for functional, medical preventive and medical purposes, capable to fill...

Kamran Ghasemi1*, Mostafa Emadi2, Asghar Bagheri3 and Mehdi Mohammadi1

Casing Material and Thickness Effects on the Yield and Nutrient Concentration of Agaricus bisporus
...dvance, however, the CP procrastinated the first flush. Overall, the highest average weight of mushroom and the mushroom cap diameter were observed in 4 cm depth casing. No significant deference was observed in the phosphorus and potassium concentration of treated mushrooms but nitrogen concentration was affected by casing layer soil materials and thickness. The lowest nitrogen concentration was in 4 cm depth of CP casing layer that was not...
Zubair Ahmad1, 2,5, Hamed A. Ghramh1, 2, 3,Khalid Ali Khan1, 2, 3*, Kavita Pandey4 and Farhat Khan5
...es were reared from Acrocercops caerulea (Meyrick) and Lithocolletis virgulata (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Materials about other species viz., Ascogaster acrocercophagus Shujauddin and Varshney and C. (A.) chailini (Walker and Huddleston) have also been recorded. The importance of apico-dorsal spine of metasoma for taxonomy is discussed. An updated checklist of chelonine leafminer...
Sumaira1, Syed Mohsin Bukhari1, Maqsood Iram2, Arshad Javid1Ali Hussain1, Waqas Ali1, Khalil Ur Rehman3, Shahla Andleeb3, Irfan Baboo4 and Nimra Khalid1
...been studied in ecdysis process in Indian rock python. Ten experimental animals were observed in captivity and it was noted that ecdysis was more rapid during summer compared to winter. Furthermore, ticks and mites were recorded during both the seasons while internal parasite species belong to genus Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus were recorded from Python molurus. Higher temperature...
Ishrat Perveen1, Yasar Saleem2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3* 
... small;">Presence of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in high proteinaceous food specifically in cooked meats is a point of great concern for the health risk factor of Pakistani community. Ready-to-eat (RTE) chicken kabab samples of four commercially available brands (K, S, D and B) were analysed for the simultaneous determination of HCAs i.e. 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4,5-f] quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx)...

Muhammad Yaseen1*, Syed Amir Zia Abid1, Muhammad Luqman1, Syed Wasim Hasan2, Muhammad Aqeel Pitafi3, Muhammad Tariq Chaudhry4 and Muhammad Ameen5

Training Needs Assessment of Training Professionals Working in Agricultural Training Institutes in Punjab, Pakistan
...t (TNA) is a systematic procedure to gather information regarding needs of employees with emphasis to gain organizational objectives. Therefore, the current study was conducted to access the training needs of training professionals working in Agricultural Training Institutes (ATIs) of Punjab. For this purpose, data were collected from all training professionals of four ATI in Punjab with the help of structured questionnaire. Different questions related to demo...

Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi1*, Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele2 and Ibrahim Maharazu3

Profitability Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Soyabean (Glycine max) Value Chain among Actors in Abuja, Nigeria
...t could be addressed if processing firms were linked to soyabeans marketers and there is the need for mobilization of soyabean marketers to form group marketing, this will enable them to undertake bulk purchases, and arrange for common transportation mechanism. This may reduce high cost of transportation of their stock from farm gate to the market.

...
Sehrish Firyal1,*, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Umair Latif1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1 and Imaad Rashid2

 

Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1, Yonis Abukar Mohamed2, Osman Sheikh Ali Jama3, Pravin Mishra4* and Mohamed Idiris Mohamed5 

Prevalence and Major Pathogens Associated with Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Benadir Region of Somalia
...terium spp. (14.81%), Micrococcus spp. (5.55%), Pasteurella spp. (5.55%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.85%). The prevalence of camel mastitis in the study area was significantly low this might be because of the environmental factors as well as the hygienic managements of the farms. Therefore, implementation of integrated approaches has great importance in the study sites for the avoidance and management of mastitis hence minimizing economic loss and prevents s...
Tabassum Yaseen1*, Shehzad Ahmad1, Khushnood Ur Rehman2, Fayaz Asad1, Abdul Waheed1, Rani Gul3, Hussain Gulab4 and Naveed Akhtar2
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Spore Density and Root Colonization in Weeds of Carrot field at Charsadda, Pakistan
... for Acaulospora and Sclerocystis in the rhizospheric soil of Sonchus asper and Fumaria indica respectively. The root infection was also investigated which showed 20-85% root infection. The highest root colonization was recorded in Parthenium hysterophorus (39.67±11.02) whereas the lowest was found in Fumaria indica and Taraxacum officinale (6.33±5.51), (8.00±4.00) respectively. It is not necessary that the plants having high spore density...

Rabab Rafaqat1, Habib Ahmed Rathore1, Tariq Masud2, Imran Hayat1* and Imtiaz Hussain1

Determination of Different Chemical Constituents of Fruit, Leaves and Oil of Olea cuspidata (Wild Olive) Grown at Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
...wild olive fruit by the process of solvent extraction and was studied for physicochemical properties like refractive index, specific gravity, pH, free fatty acid, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification number and unsaponifiable matter. Results indicated that fruit and leaves of wild olive grown at Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir had moisture content (48.33±1.6 and 53.33±1.4 %), crude fiber (4.40±0.3 and 10.0±0.9 %), crude pro...

Yasir Arafat1*, Syeda Nabahat2, Hafiz Ullah3, Afaq Ali Muluk4 and Azra5

An Analysis of Energy Supply and Oil Price Shocks on Agricultural Productivity of Pakistan
...chniques of testing and processing agriculture land and seeds for higher per acre yield which affects farmers directly. Most of the farmers either use electricity or oil to run the tube well for irrigation, increase in the prices of both electricity and oil affect crop productivity negatively. Consequently, government should provide electricity and oil in subsidized rates to the farmers at the time of cultivation and irrigation.

...

Moazam Ali1, Wajid Ali2, Ayhan Ceyhan2 and Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta3*

Pigmentation Genome Influence in Animals and Human Interventions in its Course of Action
...lti-factorial regulated process to produce the melanin from melanocytes. Melanin amount, size, shape, and distribution control the color pigmentation of fiber, coat, and hairs in animals. Melanin production in an intricate course is under the control of Melanocortin 1 Receptor, alpha Melanocyte stimulating hormone and Agouti signaling gene. In most animals, three different alleles encoding melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor MC1R of extension (E) locus and...

Zulnorain Sajid1*, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Noreen Akhtar1

Foraging Behavior and Pollination Ecology of Bumble Bee and Honey Bee in Pakistan; A Review
...egradation, overuse of agrochemical, exotic species and pathogens) involved in the declining of pollinators, a big loss for the economy of Pakistan. The aim of this review paper was to check the importance of honey bee and bumblebee as chief pollinator of agriculture crops. This review indicates how declining factors are alarming for the bumblebee and honeybee.

...

Md. Sahidur Rahman

Origin and Spillover of Coronaviruses: Prospects of One Health Action
... leads to the spillover process. In these circumstances, a One Health approach is crucial to implement multisectoral collaborative action among physicians, veterinarians, wildlife experts, epidemiologists, environmental scientists, and microbiologists to curb the COVID-19. One health encourages joint disease surveillance by establishing laboratory networks and regulating proper biosafety, biosecurity, and risk communication to facilitate strong disease prevent...
Gulzhan Aubakirova1*, Zhanat Adilbekov2, Assylkhan Inirbayev2, Assel Zhamanova2 and Aibar Akhmetov3
...lts of a study of the hydrochemical regime of water bodies in the Karaganda region, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and assesses the safety of fish. It was established that the hydrochemical regime of the water bodies was within the permissible concentration, however, a decreased permanganate oxidation was noted, which indicates a satisfactory state of water quality. Widespread infection of fish with postdiplostomatosis was reve...
Rabea Ejaz1*, Saima Qadeer2,Muhammad Sajjad Ansari3, Bushra Allah Rakha4Shazia Shamas5, Iram Maqsood1, Asma Ul Husna6, Asima Azam1 and Shamim Akhter6
...reserved using standard procedures. Percent sperm motility, liveability, plasmalemma integrity and viability were increased in extender (P<0.05) having 20.0 ng/mL of arachidic acid compared to 25.0 ng/mL, 30.0 ng/mL and control. However, sperm chromatin integrity was equally improved in experimental extenders having arachidic acid compared to control. Sperm abnormalities were reduced in experimental extender with 20 ng/mL of arachidic acid compared to other...
Sher Bahadar Khan1, Mumtaz Ali Khan2,*, Hameed Ullah Khan3, Sher Ali Khan4, Shah Fahad5, Faheem Ahmad Khan6, Irshad Ahmad7, Nighat Nawaz8, Sidra Bibi9 and Muhammad Muneeb10
...akhtunkhwa province and processed for isolation of campylobacter species. A total of 182 (14%) Campylobacter jejuni were isolated using enrichment and plate media followed by confirmation through multiplex PCR. Isolates were tested for 15 antibiotics using disc diffusion method followed by detection of their respective antimicrobial resistant genes. Overall prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni was 14% being higher in Peshawar division (21%) followe...

Sajid Amin Sarmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Sohail Ahmed3 and Sylvain Nafiba Ouédraogo2

Development and Laboratory Evaluation of a Slow Release Formulation of Fipronil against Subterranean Termites (Odontotermes obesus Rambur)
...conditions using soil macrocosms. Mortality of termites was determined at different time intervals after their exposure to formulated pellets treated macrocosm soils. Results revealed that fipronil formulated with Z. mays substrate remained more effective for longer period of time against subterranean termites as compared to that formulated with S. officinarum bagasse material. The maximum mortality of termites was observed ...
MA Liman1, QI Yongxiao1, Wang Wenji2* and Zhong Qianyi3*
...consequences in various processes, including promoting uncontrolled tumor growth. Inhibiting angiogenesis using natural compounds is an important focus in developing new cancer treatment strategies. Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2), a natural product derived from red ginseng, has been reported to have therapeutic effects on some tumors, but its antiangiogenic effects in zebrafish has not been evaluated. Here we investigated the antiangiogenic of G-Rh2 using the zebrafi...

Asma Rashid Tariq1,2*, Saadia R. Tariq2, Tariq Mahmud1 and Misbah Sultan1*

Selective Capture of CO2 from Mixture of Different Gases using Cellulose Acetate, Polyimide, Polysulfone and some other Polymers based Mixed Matrix Membranes: A Review
...O2, methane and other hydrocarbons but mixed matrix membrane based separation is gaining significant importance day by day. A number of different polymers have been employed for the fabrication of mixed matrix membranes for example cellulose acetate, polyimides, polysulfone, pebax, polybenzimidazole, polymer of intrinsic porosity, polyurethane, chitosan and many more. Likewise, along with other fillers, Metal organic frame works have also been tested as additi...
Hong Hu1, 2, Li Qian1, Yuanlang Wang1, Chaodong Wu1, Xiaodong Zhang1, Yueyun Ding 1*, Li Wang1, Xudong Wu1, Wei Zhang1, Dengtao Li1, Jian Ding1, Min Yang1 and Zongjun Yin1*
...ulticellular organismal process, biological regulation, cellular process, etc. There were 54 significant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid metabolism, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, glycerolipid metabolism, etc. The results of differentially expressed genes from sequence were highly reliable by ...
Sadaf Aslam1,2*, Abdul Majid Khan2 and Muhammad Akhtar2
...all;">The middle Miocene rocks of the Chinji Formation, Siwaliks Hills, Pakistan are well known for their rich and diverse vertebrate fossil assemblages. Here new suid fossil remains of the extinct species Hyotherium pilgrimi described. The known stratigraphic range of Hyotherium is about 14 to 11 million years. This species is closer to its smaller European relative H. soemmeringi. The studied material includes isolated premolars and mola...
Taqiur Rahman1, Tabassum Yaseen1*, Ali Mujtaba Shah2, Samiullah3, Ghulam Jelani3, Gul Nawaz1,Qudratullah Kalwar2
...where the documentation process is carried out through semi-structured questionnaires in 2017 (R1) where about seventy plant species belonging to different families of spermatophytes have been collected, among which forty-eight belonged to angiosperm families and 2 families were gymnosperms. This comprises 39 herb, 14 shrubs, and 16 trees, respectively. The study postulated on the certification of herbal knowledge on realistic bases though former interviews fo...
Fanrong Xiao, Jichao Wang and Haitao Shi*
...nt microhabitats (steep, rocky hillslopes vs gentle, less rocky hillslopes). However, it is unclear how these differences are related to performance. In this study, we test the relationship between morphology and functional performance in these two species. The Keeled box turtle has a flatter shell, larger head, longer toes, better clinging ability, and better self-righting ability, whereas the Flowerback box turtle has a mo...

Fan Sigang1, Guo Yihui1* and Xu Youhou2

...fatty acid biosynthetic processes, hydrolase activity, and AMPK were enriched in the ovary, whereas those related to male organ formation and spermiogenesis were enriched in the testis. The glycosphingolipid biosynthesis pathway was identified for the first time in a mollusc testis.The present study provides the first transcriptomic analysis of C. nobilis, which will help clarify the molecular mechanisms of gonadal maturation.
...
Zhi Chen1, Toshifumi Minamoto2, Longshan Lin3 and Tianxiang Gao4,*
...ng was an indispensable process to employ this method. In eDNA extracting of macro-organisms, DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit was commonly used, but its price was about 80 RMB/sample, which was too expensive. Cheaper eDNA extraction kit was a potential aspect for improvement to expand further application of eDNA analysis. In order to examine some cheaper kits’ effectiveness of extracting eDNA of macro-organisms and select an optional low-cost kit, a test amo...

Turgay Şişman1,*, Muhammet Çağrı Keskin1, Hatice Dane1, Şeymanur Adil1, Fatime Geyikoğlu1, Suat Çolak2 and Esra Canpolat1

...ities of peripheral erythrocytes and lung, liver, and kidney histopathologies were evaluated in marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) in agricultural areas. The most prominent histopathological alterations observed in lung tissue were noted as epithelial hyperplasia, thickness of alveolar septa, dilatations and congestions of blood capillaries, and melanomacrophage accumulation. An increase in the number and widening of melanomacrophage centers were also n...
Mushtaq Ahamd Khan1, Ziaul Islam2, *, Amin Ullah Jan3, Kamran Khan2 and Abdullah Shah3
...es in infants such as hydrocephalus and mental retardation. The present study was conducted to estimate seroprevalence and potential risk factors in acquiring T. gondii infection by child-bearing age women in Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan. A cross sectional study was conducted and data regarding risk factors were recorded through questionnaire. A total of 405 women of child bearing age were serologically tested for T. gondii antibodies throug...
Yujun Zhao and Jianping Fan*
...nhibition rate of cells processed with Kanglaite injection (10, 20 and 40 μL/mL) significantly increased (p <0.05), the apoptosis rate increased (p <0.05), the expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased (p <0.05), the expression of Bax protein significantly increased (p <0.05), and the activity of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 increased (p <0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Hence, this can be concluded that Kanglaite i...

Agustine Christela Melviana1, Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Maizirwan Mel3, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani4 and Juris Burlakovs5

Gene Expression Related to Steviol Glycoside Synthesis Produced in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Shoot Culture Induced with High Far-Red LED Light in TIS RITA® Bioreactor System
...synthesis and flowering process share the same precursor. However, this interfering factor could be inhibited by using a high-red LED induction  to delay the flowering stage, which may contribute to higher biomass and glycoside concentrations through greater system productivity. Hitherto, there was no significant study about the effect of far-red LED induction to improve the steviol glycoside content of Stevia plants, particularly at the molecular level. ...

Muhammad Yasir*, Mansoor ul Hasan, Muhammad Sagheer, Amer Rasul, Rameesha Amjad Ali and Habib ur Rehman

Evaluation of Spinosad Applied to Grain Commodities for the Control of Stored Product Insect Pests
...food products in mills, processing plants and storage facilities where these products are stored. The residual efficacy of spinosad was assessed by exposing the Oryzeaphilus surinamensis, Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma granarium to the treated commodities (wheat, maize, rice and oats) at concentrations of 0.25, 0.50 and 1 mg Kg-1 under laboratory conditions maintained at 28 ± 2oC, 65 ± 5% RH and continuous darkness. Seven bioassays were condu...
Jin-Juan Wan, Mei-Fang Shen*, Hui Xue, Hong-Yan Liu, Mei-Qin Zhang, Xi-He Zhu and Chong-Hua Wang

 

...e red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkia (average weight: 3.01±0.02 g). Crayfish were randomly assigned to one of five feeding frequencies (1,2,3,4 and 5 times/day, F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5) following the same ration size for 60 days. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and cumulative mortality was recorded for the next 4 days. The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) of crayfish tended to in...
Saima Siddique1* and Zarrien Ayub2
...11 to November 2012 at a rocky shore of Buleji, Pakistan, Northern Arabian Sea. The test diameter and total weight showed significant temporal variations. The test diameter/wet weight and test height/wet weight relationships followed negative allometry while test height/test diameter showed an isometric relationship. Length-frequency distribution analysis was bimodal in different seasons with the exception of three modes in summer’2012 and one mode in a...

Ghulam Rabbani1, Uzma Javed1*, Javed Iqbal2, Ruqeah Mustafa3, Ghulam Shabbir2 and Fida Hassan Shah4

Barani Mash a Newly Developed Disease Resistant and High Yielding Mash Cultivar for Rainfed Areas of Punjab, Pakistan
...lopment is a continuous process as older genotypes become increasingly susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses. The newly developed mash cultivar “Barani Mash” is an elite mash cultivar with yield potential of 1743 kg/ha. This cultivar has resistance against diseases and lodging, the pod size is medium and 100-seed weight is 4.73 g. It has been developed through screening from the local material. It was further evaluated in yield trials for six ...

Numan Habib1*, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi1 and Riaz Muhammad2

Thermal Simulation of Grain During Selective Laser Melting Process in 3D Metal Printing
...the effect of different process parameters on temperature distribution in grain and capability of the specified laser to melt and fuse above mentioned material powder grain. Three different 2D models of 1µm, 2µm and 3µm grain sizes are modeled and simulated with different scanning speed 60, 100, 140, 180 and 220 mm/sec. Results are demonstrated for thermal distribution on grain along the depth. Center of the lower surface of the grain is chos...

Salim Raza1*, Khan Gul Jadoon2, Sajjad Hussain1, Zahid ur Rehman1, Saira Sherin1 and Noor Muhammad1

Mitigation Plan for Identified Problems Faced by the Marble Industry in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
... quality and subsequent processing for efficient mining and export of marble according to international standards.

...
Rehman Akhtar1, Khizar Azam2, Abdur Rehman Babar1, Qazi Salman Khalid1, Rashid Nawaz1 and Imran Ahmad1 
 
...he Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is integrated with fuzzy logic, called as F-AHP, is used in this research to identify and evaluate solar farm location in division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). Thana, Chakdara, Harichand, Palai, Pir Khel and Shergarh city are evaluation by Fuzzy AHP on the basis of above-mentioned factors. Shergarh city is selected for most suitable location for the installation of solar panels.
...

Said Sajjad Ali Shah1*, Muhammad Ilyas Khan1, Aziz Ullah1, Hayat Ullah2 and Faisal Ahmad2

Coprological Examination of Small and Large Ruminants in Central Zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...m central districts and processed for coprological examination. Out of 1700 samples, 947 samples (55.7%) were positive for intestinal parasites. Specie wise prevalence of GI parasites was recorded as 51.5% in cows, 58.3% in buffalo, 73.9 % in sheep and 68.5% in goats. Trichostrongylus (32.8%) was recorded as highly prevalent in cattle followed by amoeba (10.2%) and Fasciola (6.1%), while in buffaloes fasciola was recorded higher followed by amoeba (19%) and Tr...

Zarqa Khalid1*, Muhammad Asad ur Rehman Naseer1, Raza Ullah1 and Shahzad Khan2

Measuring the Global Trade Competitiveness of Pakistan’s Cotton Crop
...exported in the raw and processed form to other countries. Pakistan was a net exporter of cotton but now becomes a net importer due to its continuous domestic consumption and stagnant yield. This study aims to assess the trade competitiveness of cotton crop for the world’s 10 leading cotton exporters using revealed comparative advantage indices and relative competitive advantage indices such as Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Com...
Muhammad Shafiq1,2,*,Rajwali Khan1, Ilyas Ali3, Sadeeq Ur Rahman4, Saif Ullah3Shah Jan Mohammad2, Mohammad Jan2 and Jinhu Huang2
... by chemistry analyzer (Procan PS-520). Overall Achai breed of cattle showed highest mean value for pre and postpartum serum immunoglobulin (11.78 ± 0.92 mg/ml, 10.00 ± 1.09 mg/ml) than Jersey breed (9.80 ± 1.30 mg/ml, 7.86 ± 1.01 mg/ml) and HF breed (7.86 ± 1.30 mg/ml, 6.43 ± 0.92mg/ml) respectively. Calf serum IgG was higher (P < 0.05) for Achai cow breed than other two cow breeds. The mean Brix (%) value f...
Nadia Islam1, Khalil Ahmed1,*, Maisoor Ahmed Nafees1, Mujtaba Khalil2, Ishtiaq Hussain3, Muhammad Ali1 and Raja Imran1
...cherichia coli, Enterrococciand total bacterial count at the eye of spring of Mishto uch was zero during winter while other sampling sites showed an average of 17.4 CFU/100ml and 55.4 CFU/100ml E.coli, 15.4 CFU/100ml and 20.7 CFU/100ml Enterrococci, and 26.4CFU/100ml and 127.7 CFU/100ml TBC in both the seasons at Mishto uch. All the sampling sites of Bar spring did not show E.coli and Enter
Zhen-Yang Wu1, Li Li1, Yu-Hua Fu2, Sheng Wang3, Qing-Ming An1, Xiao-Hui Tang4, Xiao-Yong Du3,5,* and Fei Zhou6,*
... a series of biological processes such as “pigment biosynthetic process” and “pigment metabolic process”. KEGG pathways were analyzed for the differentially expressed genes and show that Melanogenesis signaling pathway may affect the process of coat color formation. Quantitative PCR confirmed differential expression of thirteen ge...
Pengfei Liu1*, Hongxia Liu2 and Jiajia Xiao1
...sup>s laughingthrush Trochalopteron elliotii (EL), are two members of family Leiothrichidae, who are both assumed sexually monomorphic. We employed reflectance spectrometry to determine the plumage coloration in these two species in the hand. PL with dull plumage, the males had brighter head plumage than females, there was no significant difference in coloration of wing and breast plumage between two sexes. EL appeared relatively bright and polychrome p...
Luka Anthony*, Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi, Elizabeth Samuel Ebukiba and Vandi Gamba
...mers, provision of rice processing equipment should be made available, contract farming and marketing should be encouraged for increased rice production and market out choice for profit maximization among rice farmers to eradicate poverty and improve their welfare.
...

Hafiz Hammad Ahmad1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1*, Noor-us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Aneela Riaz4

Growth and Yield Response of Sunflower to Organic Amendments in Aridisol
...rnative P source such as rock phosphate (RP) can offer a promising choice for sustainable P supply under P stress environment. A pot research was executed to explore the response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to sparingly soluble P sources grown under P deficient environment at research area, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha during 2018. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments replicated thr...

Muhammad Farooq1*, Elham Azadfar2, Zohre Bahrami3, Mahniya Sharifi3, A. Shakoor4, Shabir Ahmed5, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi1, Muhammad Noman Khan6, Memona Siddique7, Naila Ilyas8*, Muhammad Bakhtiar9, Mohamed El-Fatieh Ismael1 and Wang Yunyang1

Optimization of Drying Process of Rambutan by Combined Method of Osmosis Ultrasound and Complementary Drying of Hot Air
...to be one of the common processes in the food industry to increase the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. Using osmosis-ultrasound before drying with hot air causes the preservation of nutrients in products and reduces heat energy to remove the produc water. In this study, after osmosis pretreatment, samples were put under an osmosis dehydration process. First, using Osmosis-ultrasound with 40.5% concentration in Sekanjabi...
Muhammad Farooq1*, M. Javed Iqbal2, Rizwan Shukat2, Qayyum Shehzad3, Shabir Ahmed4, Elham Azadfar5, Abdul Saboor6, Ibrar Ahmad7, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi1, Kaleem Kakar8, Shoaib Khan9 and Wang Yunyang1
Development of Onion Powder by using Egg Albumin as a Foaming Agent by Foam-Mat Drying Process
... is most common and old process for the preservation of foods which contain high moisture content. Onion powder was prepared by foam mat drying technique in which onion paste was treated with different concentration of egg albumin (0%, 4%, 8% and 12%) as foaming agent and Carboxyl methylcellulose (0.5%) as foam stabilizer and these were dried in hot air tray drier at different temperatures (55°C, 65°C and 75°C) with 3mm sheet thickness of onion foa...
Nasir Rashid1,2*, Javaid Iqbal1,2, Umar Shahbaz Khan1,2, Mohsin Islam Tiwana1,2 and Amir Hamza1,2
...EEG signals are further processed using feature extraction approach and finally classified into movements using classification techniques. This research article mainly focuses on classification of motor movements recorded in the form of EEG signals of four limb movements. The database used in this study has already ben been utilized by the researchers earlier with different combinations of classification techniques based of feature extraction. The dataset has ...
Nowsher Yousaf1*, Bushra Khan1, Dennis Flanagan2 and Ishaq Ahmad Mian3
...ights into soil erosion processes can highlight useful design for new strategies on management of erosion and restoration of ecosystem.
...
Abdul Hafeez1*, Akhtar Nawaz Khan2 and Zahid Ullah3
...n follows pre- and post-processing in a subjective manner, which is tedious, time-consuming and erroneous. An important and an unrealized need of these systems is the real-time answer from the acquired data, which is often multi-dimensional and at remarkably high-resolution. The inherit noise in the data is another major bottleneck for real-time processing. This entails expediting the decision-making p<...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,2*
...ates is as an essential process for moving organic carbon source from the up-ward to down-ward in the ocean. Marine snow associated bacterial communities perform a crucial role in organic material degradation by producing extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and are considered as key components in global carbon cycle. The aim of this study was to screen marine snow associated bacterium, Citrobacter freundii
Humza Sami1, Mahnoor Sagheer1, Muhammad Amir Altaf1, Javaid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Zubair1,*
 
...aracteristics have been processed through an open-source imaging algorithm, known as MERIT, to construct the image. To get the best results, images are constructed by comparing different algorithms and the varying number of channels. Simulated and measured results are successfully verified for different locations and sizes of conducting objects in a given imaging domain. The proposed system can be used for practical applications in biomedical imaging, especial...
Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Hera Gul2, Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Sami Ullah3, Ghulam Sabir Hussain4, Mumtaz Hussain1, Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmad1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Zeshan6
 

...orded by using standard procedure. Highest number of millable cane m2 (10.35) was recorded for sugarcane planted in 100 cm spaced and 90 cm wide triple against the lowest of 8.55 cane m2 for that planted in 100 cm spaced and 30 cm wide single row ditches. The highest stripped cane yield was obtained...
Muhammad Hamayoon Khan*, Niaz Hussain Khuhro, Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Usman Asif and Raza Muhammad
 
 
...ruit fly species, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and B. dorsalis (Hendel) cause severe qualitative and quantitative damages to various fruits. The present study was executed to record the population dynamics of these fruit fly species in guava and mango orchards with respect to meteorological factors using methyl eugenol-baited traps. The results revealed that population of both the species highly fluctuated round the year. B. zonata appeare...
Muhammad Rashid, Mahmood Ahmad Sajid, Nosheen Noor Elahi, Sibgha Noreen and Kausar Hussain Shah*
 
...e several physiological processes are played role in plant adaptations to drought stress. However, antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation play a key role in drought tolerance. The current study was intended to investigate physiological adaptations for drought tolerance in different wheat varieties. Three weeks old seedlings of each wheat cultivar were challenged with drought stress by skipping irrigation. After the drought stress of two weeks, plant...
Muneer Abbas1*, Dilbar Hussain2, Muhammad Saleem2, Abdul Ghaffar2Sohail Abbas3, Niaz Hussain1 and Abdul Ghaffar1
...mall;">Fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata and Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) has endangered the trade of Pakistani fruits in foreign markets. Use of IPM is best way to control fruit fly by avoiding harmful insecticidal spray application in order to save natural enemies and environment. Experiment was conducted in three guava, citrus and mango producing districts of Punjab i.e. Faisalabad, Sargodha,...
Ijaz Haider1*, Muhammad Akhtar1, Ali Noman2 and Muhammad Qasim3
... leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), and pink stem borer Sesamia inferens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on light trap. The effect of some abiotic factors like temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on the adult population of these pests was also studied. The population of these pests was monitored on the light...
Eman A. Al-Shahari1,2, Abdelhalim A. Alkhazendar3, Eman R. ElBealy4 and Abeer A. Alm-Eldeen3*
...ll;">Aging is a natural process that affects testicular functions via increasing the oxidative stress. Quercetin, a polyphenolic, that has antioxidant activity. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the possible role of quercetin in modulating aging-induced testicular damage. Samples from 30-months old rats’ testis were examined before and after 200 mg of quercetin/Kg administration. Before quercetin administration, they showed an increase in th...
Baochao Liao1,2, Xiujuan Shan2,3* and Yunlong Chen2,3
...ed how individual-level processes affect energy dynamics at higher levels of biological organization. We estimated primary model parameters (e.g., energy conductance, ; allocation coefficient, κ; and volume-specific somatic maintenance, [M]), and for a 5-year simulation, calculated a mean population growth rate (rp) of 3.4 year−1. When DEB theory is combined with an ABM, the combine...
Ammara Gull-e-Fareen1,2, Imran Bodlah1,*, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah3, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Habib Ali4 and Muhammad Asif5
...rii onCalotropis procera (Ait.) Ait and Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy) on Lagerstroemia indica have been given. Studies suspected that C. notata parasitizes the immature of Ischiodon scutellaris (F.) like other reported species of this genus. Main diagnostic characters, brief description, morphometrics and illustrations are provided. Comparison of recorded species with type species has been provided. Worl...
Rao Muhammad Ramiz1, Arfan Ahmad2*, Aamir Ghafoor2, Muhammad Avais3, Qurat-ul-Ain1 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
...) breeds of cattle were processed for complete blood count. Based on lymphocyte counts, samples were divided into two groups (A, lymphocytosis, B, normal lymphocytes) and tested through ELISA and nested PCR for serological investigations and molecular characterization respectively. In this study, animals of group A (32.5%) showed significantly greater seropositivity (P<0.05) against BLV than group B (16%). Furthermore, exotic breeds of cattle showed signifi...
Nosheen Basharat1, Usman Waheed2,3*, Muhammad Arshad1, Noor e Saba4, Iram Masood1, Akhlaaq Wazeer1, Ahmad Farooq1, Sadaf Moneeba1Abdul Rauf5 and Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3

 

... two mainstays in blood processing centres. Torque teno virus (TTV) is highly prevalent among the general population throughout the world. TTV was discovered in 1997 in the serum of a Japanese patient. TTV is a non-enveloped small virus of 3.8 kb containing a circular single-stranded negative-sense DNA genome. TTV represents the first circovirus-like virus found in humans. The study was conducted to assess the molecular epidemiology of TTV in healthy blood don...
Rahmat Ullah Khan, Asif Sadam and Sajid Mahmood*
...ries: 1) vertical barren rocks 2) rocky vegetation slopes and 3) grassy mountainous slopes near agricultural fields. The average monthly population density was 0.198±0.04/ha by line transect method. During the period June, July, September and October 2017, significantly (P<0.05) high population density was recorded as compared to the population density recorded during May, August, November and December 2017a...

Dabesa Wegari and Fikiru Temesgen Gelata*

 

 

...rs, traders, fatteners, processors, retailers, consumers and governmental and non-governmental institutions. The core functions of the chain actors were input supply, production, marketing/trading, processing, retailing and consumption of the product.Therefore, the required recommendations were creating strong horizontal and vertical linkages/relationships between the chain actors and on mutually beneficial actions for the s...
Hafiz Hammad1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Aneela Riaz3, Abid Niaz4 and Muhammad Arif4
...recorded using standard procedures and obtained data was analyzed statistically with a statistical software Statistix 8.1 analysis of variance technique and significant of treatments was tested using LSD test at probability level of 5%. The maximum P accumulation (178.37 mg P pot-1), P uptake efficiency (1.90) and PE (phosphorus efficiency) ratio(747.15 g DM (g plant-1) of sunflower was observed with application of NK + Rock phosphate at ...
Kartika Noerwijati1*, Sholihin Sholihin1, Tinuk Sri Wahyuni1, Rohmad Budiono2, Nguyen Van Minh3, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi4, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile5 and Lulu Husna6
 
 
...acilitate the selection process. The aim of this study wasto select high yielding cassava clones as selection material for the next stage of selection in the highlands. The F1 seedlings population selected, had a wide range of tuber yield. The results of this study indicated that the average of tuber yield of all families were lower than the check varieties, because the F1 plants’ ability to form tubers was not optimal, and there we...
Muhammad Tariq Chaudhary1, Saleem Ashraf 2, Muhammad Yaseen3 and Muhammad Luqman3
 
 
...through the recruitment process. Regression analysis affirmed that extra-curricular activities (P<0.05), being a sportsman, (P<0.01), higher grades in examination (P<0.05), educational environment at IATI Sargodha (P<0.01) and Rahim Yar Khan (P<0.05) were the prominent determinants of their employability. Study concludes that educational activities and co-curricular activities were equally important for the successful academic performance and ea...
Tariq Ali Mastoi1, Zulfiqar Ali Mastoi2*, Zahoor Ahmed Khetran3, Ghulam Hussain Alizai2, Binish Baig4, Mitha Khan2 and Syed Jahangir Shah1
 
 
...ondents considered that procedures of the credit are more complicated and difficult to be followed. However, 63.75 % revealed that Passbook is one of the obstacles in getting loan. On the basis of findings, it is suggested that inquire about perceptions of the borrowers in obtaining credit from ZTBL. Although, most of the validity of credit borrowers complained that the interest rates are higher on the loans. As subsistence farmers, the interest rates are too ...
Shakeel Ahmed Soomro1,2, Sikandar Almani3, Lal Bux4, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto2, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Farman Ali Chandio2, Shakeel Hussain Chattha2, Zaheer Ahmed Khan2, Zubair Ahmed Soomro5,Babar Mustafa Ansari6 and Kunjie Chen1*
...on paddy decreased with process except porosity and hardness, which increased as affected by these conditions. The results showed that the model work was valid for predicting the responses being affected by the indicators, and optimizing the physical properties of paddy. Central composite design of response surface methodology was successfully used studying the dependence of physical properties of paddy. The valuable results of this study can be utilised by th...
Chen Tongde1, Fakher Abbas1, Jiao Juying1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2*, An Shoshan1, Muhammad Ansar3, Qaiser Hussain2, Mah-Noor Azad2 andAyaz Ahmad2
...dy of the mechanism and process of soil erosion at different scales should be strengthened in order to protect the land resources in Pakistan.
...

 Caner Öztürk1*, Mücahid Onay1 and Neşe Hayat Aksoy2

...s. Since homogenization processes reveal the intracellular contents of the sperm cells, we aimed to examine the optimal sonication procedure and the protective effect of the antioxidants against sonication. Four merino rams (2–3 years old) were used for semen collection, and the ejaculates were pooled and divided into five equal aliquots. The samples were diluted with a solution having different additives at 37 °C....
Aylin Celile Oluk1*, Ugur Serbester2, Murat Reis Akkaya3 and Oya Berkay Karaca4
...xylic acids, aromatic hydrocarbons and terpenes. Milk samples were collected at the early and late lactation periods from Hatay and Kilis, Turkey. During both periods, the goats consumed a diversity of plant species. Milk collected from Kilis had 15.27-16.10% total solids,5.70-6.50% fat and 4.80-5.10% protein. The lactose content did not differ significantly between milk samples from the two locations (3.90-4.20%). Total unsaturated fatty acid levels were sign...
BamideleAkinsanya1, Isaac O Ayanda2,*, Benson Onwusa1 and Joseph K Saliu1
.... Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and mono-aromatic hydrocarbons-benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are chemicals derived from fossil fuels that easily get into the aquatic environment. These chemicals were investigated in the fish parasite Tenuisentis niloticus, as a reflection of the extent to which these compounds are present in the lagoon. One hundred (100) samples of Heterotis niloticus
Muhammad Moosa Abro1*, Nadir Ali Birmani2 and Muhammad Bachal Bhutto3
...esence of subgenus Spirocamallanus of genus Procamallanus. The subgenus was characterized by the presence of spiral thickening in buccal capsule. The prevalence of subgenus was higher in Mastacembelus armatus (33.33%) than Oreochromis niloticus (7.69%). There is difference of mean intensity (3.66 and 4) and density (1.2 and 0.306) of Sprirocamallanus in b...
Suwati Suwati1, ErniRomansyah1,*, Syarifudin Syarifudin1, Yahya Jani2, Agus Heri Purnomo3
Damat Damat4 and Erkata Yandri5,6
...ather during the drying process.
...
Haris Setiawan1, Aris Winaya1,*, Herwintono Herwintono1, Mulyoto Pangestu2 and Yayuk Kholifah3
 

...on Pro";">Freezing process reduces sperm quality due to membrane damage. Antioxidants protects the membrane of spermatozoa. This study aimed to observe the effects of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata [Bloch 1793]) Extract (SFE) supplementation in tris Egg-yolk extender on mortality and motility of spermatozoa of Limousin bull (Bos primigenius f. taurus [Linnaeus, 1758]) collected from Si...

Anwar Ali1,5*, Horia Shaukat2, Munir Ahmed3,5, Ahmed Bostani4 and Syed Ashiq Hussain3

...ce and efficacy of meat processing is discussed. Mechanism involved in it is to increase the rate of postmortem glycolysis resulting in somatic, biological and on tissue level alterations. Electrical stimulation fastens the propagation and termination of rigor mortis hence decreasing the processing time and fatigue. After electrical stimulation, the muscles become paralyzed and the rigor mortis is dispatched to reduce the ti...
Chaogang Yao, Daxin Pang, Chao Lu, Aishi Xu, Peixuan Huang, Hongsheng Ouyang* and Hao Yu*
...lism-related biological processes lipogenesis, fatty acid transport and fatty acid oxidation in these two pathways showed significant differences in activation between Large White and Min pigs. The activation of the PPAR and fatty acid metabolism signaling pathways may play a positive role in reducing IMF content in pigs.
...
Muhammad Farhan Qadir1, Xin-Yu Han1, Meng-li Qiao1, Ying Wang1, Ding Zhang1, Yu-hai Bi1,2, Ali Raza Jahejo1,Qian-qian Cheng1 and Wen-xia Tian1,*
...l;">Chicken’s erythrocytes are most abundant cells circulating in the body which participate in inflammation and immune responses. However, expression levels of prostaglandins-related genes in H9N2 infected chicken’s erythrocytes have not been studied yet. So, the present study was designed to investigate the PG-related genes in erythrocytes of H9N2 infected chickens. In curren...
Iftikhar Alam1, Atta Ulllah Jan1, Muhammad Ali2 and Muhammad Farooq3*

...ated consensus building process, the experts identified and agreed upon ten most important nutrition research areas. The three most important of these, as rated by participants, were: undernutrition and its determinants, factors and nutritional determinants of low birth weight (LBW), and factors and nutritional determinants of stunting and wasting. These priorities should direct future research activities in the field and be reflected in research policies of t...

M. Javed Iqbal1, Rizwan Shukat1, Muhammad Farooq2*, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi2, Naila Ilyas3, Rahman Ullah4, A. Shakoor5, Muhammad Bakhtiar6 and Faraz Ahmed7 

Salma Javed and Samreen Khan*

... of Karachi and further processed by Cobb’s sieving and Baermann’s funnel techniques. Specimens were killed, fixed and identified up to species level under light microscope. Afterward, hundred fresh handpicked nematodes were inoculated on both fully grown fungal species at 25ºC. The nematode attraction and mass culture were appeared on Fusarium oxysporum only. On the first week, propagation rate was noted approximately 2.5x10³ followed by...

Fazal Wahid1, Arif Ullah Shah1, Muhammad Rahim2*, Fazal Dad1, Nadir Khan1, Saqib Ullah1, Yasir Ali1 and Sayed Ashfaq Ali Shah3

...amples, a wet digestion procedure was adopted. The targeted metals in selected soil samples were in the ranges of: 1.37-2.00, 28.91-29.50, 1.62-1.82, 1.22-1.179 and 0.07-0.112 mg/kg for Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb and Co, respectively. Increasing order of these heavy metals in soil samples were found as: Plum’s farm soil Co < Cr< Ni < Pb < Fe, Peach’s farm soil as Co < Cr < Pb < Ni < Fe, Tomato’s farm soil as Co < Pb < Cr <...
Alamaary Mohaammed Saad1,3, Abd Wahid Haron1*, Mohamed Ali2
Mark Wen Han Hiew1 and Lawan Adamu1
...reserved using the same procedure. Different concentrations of either cysteine (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4mg/ml) or ascorbic acid (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4mg/ml) were added to the semen of the first and second experiments. HF-20 containing no ascorbic acid and cysteine was used as a control. The post-thawed semen from all the samples were assessed for motility, oxidative stress, sperm membrane integrity, morphology, and acrosome integrity. Four stallions were ...
Jing Yu1*, Jiangmei Mao1,2 and Dongliang Wang1,3
...ion, cage culture and petrochemical sewage (Liu, 2011).
...
Sara Sultan Alomran1, Muhammad Nasir Khan Khattak1,2, Amir Ali Khan1,2*, Sallam Hasan Abdallah2, Abeer Maher Fayyad1 and Khalid Bajou1,2
...ather than AKT3-related processes.
...

Ali Ahmad1*, Zubair Aslam1, Korkmaz Bellitürk2, Naeem Iqbal3, Muhammad Idrees3, Muhammad Nawaz4, Muhammad Yasir Nawaz5, Muhammad Kashif Munir6, Ahmad Kamal1, Ehsan Ullah1, Muhammad Ahsan Jamil1, Yousuf Akram1, Tanveer Abbas1 and Muhammad Mohsin Aziz1

...earthworms to ‘bioprocess’ variation in different forms of organic waste. The review also presents the basic idea of all those research studies about effect of vermicomposting on different parameters of plant growth. Such an explanatory review is remarkably few and far among studies about the impact on plants of vermicasts prepared from aquatic weeds and agriculture wastes.

...
Abdul Muhaimin Wahab1, Basit Zeshan2,*, Naveed Ahmed2, Muhammad Afzal2 and Muhammad Naveed2
...achok. The samples were processed for identification of C. jejuni followed by PCR to detect the presence of C. jejuni. Overall, 65% in total (80 samples) of cloacal swab samples showed positive reactions, where prevalence in farms A, B, C and D was 70%, 70%, 75% and 45%, respectively. Among, 2 of 5 identified risk factors through questionnaire showed significant difference which were open house system and untreated water source. Other risk factor...

Hira Soofi, Abdul Rasool Abbasi and Arifa Bhutto

...n of nematodes and were process through standard method of temporary slide. A new species, Contracaecum malhi, were identifed in having differential diagnostic characters such as body shape and size, shape of cephalic end and its structures, ventricular shape, spicule shape and size, numbers and arrangement of caudal papillae, posterior end with 3 rectal gland and large spine at tip, genital structure of female. The name of new species Contracaecum malhi refer...
Rida Haroon Durrani1*, Fareeha Akhtar1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Munazzah Maqbool1, Aleena Kokab1, Kiran Imtiaz2 and Muhammad Ilyas Riaz3
...d spoilage is a complex process in which food deteriorates to that extent at which it becomes unfit for human consumption. Food spoilage due to microorganisms is a serious issue which causes approximately 25% food loss globally Present study revealed the effects of storage temperature associated with bacterial spoilage of fish meat. A total 24 samples were procured during three different seasons from local retail shops (n=12...

Muhammad Yousif Jakhrai1, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio2, Ali Mujtaba Shah1*, Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon1

...or hindquarter surgical procedures like hysterotomy, celiotomy, rumenotomy, repair of prolapse (vigina, rectum and uterus) hernia and other abdominal affections.
...

Aioub Sofizadeh1, Ehsan Allah Kalteh2, Shahin Saeedi3, Mulood Mohammadi Bavani4*

...ring day and night using rock rolling and ultra violet methods from May to September, 2019. Then, the specimens were put into a 75% alcohol-containing plastic bottle. Finally, the specimens were identified using a valid identification key. Distribution maps were prepared using ArcGIS (Ver 10.4.). A total of 111 scorpion samples were captured. All the samples belonged to the Buthidae family, including Mesobuthus eupeus (97.3%), Orthochirus farzanpayi (0.9%), an...

Halil Erhan Eroglu

...ips are useful to infer processes of evolution and speciation. Karyotype asymmetry is an important parameter that helps to establish phylogenetic relationships among various species.
...

Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1*, Muhamad Jan1, Azhar Hussain2, Shoaib Akhtar1, Hussain Nawaz1, Muhammad Afzal3 and Humara Umar1

...be grown for commercial processing and product development.

...

Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1 and Nasir Ali Tauqir2

...rmined via standard lab procedures. Data collected was analyzed statistically by applying t test (α=0.05). The average mean values of macro minerals (Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) were found to be 521.6±11.1, 82.3±4.9; 5.6±0.2, 55.0±2.9, 292.7±4.8, 30.5±1.0 in male camels while 486.0±5.8, 77.6±4.4; 4.3±0.2, 43.9±1.6, 235.9±9.3, 24.3±1.5 for female camels res...

Muhammad Fiyyaz1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Latif4, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Sarfraz Hussain5, Aneela Riaz6 and Abid Niaz2

...nd all related chemical processes in the soil. To overcome this issue, organic matter is added to these soils in so many forms like Farm Yard Manure (FYM), compost, green manure, rice husk and poultry manure. All these practices are favoured to enhance soil productivity level. Keeping in view the current scenario of country, this experiment was conducted. Experiment contained 11 treatments applied under completely randomized design (CRD) included, T1 = chemica...

Muhammad Fiyyaz1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sarfraz Hussain3, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1 and Aneela Riaz4

...cts soil properties and processes. The adequate carbon level of the soil is 1.29 % but in Pakistani soils carbon is less than the adequate level because of high temperature and low rainfall. Different sources of organic matters such as farm yard manure, poultry waste, rice husk etc. can increase productiveness of soil. Combined usage of poultry waste material and chemical fertilizer improved maize growth and health of soil. This experiment comprised of 11 trea...

Amjed Ali1, Kamran Arooj1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1­, Muhammad Imran1,2, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz3 and Muhammad Fraz Ali4

...corded by using standrd procedure. Results of experiment revealed that sowing date of 1st march and varity AZRI-2006 result in maximum leaf area index (3.43), leaf area duration (24.14), plant height (74.067cm), number of pod bearing branches per plant (60.96), number of grains per pod (11.30), grain yield (715.11 kg ha-1), biological yield (7773.3 kg ha-1) and harvest index (9.6167%) while sowing date 12th april and Varity AZRI-2006 produce maximum 1000-grain...
Sadaf Aslam1*, Abdul Majid Khan1 and Muhammad Akhtar2
...late Miocene to Pliocene rocks of Tatrot/Hasnot area of Pakistan. The molar resemblance with equids indicates their grazing feeding habits. This species migrated to Potwar land when grasslands became established. It has typical suine characters with hypsodont dentition and complex infolding of enamel surfaces. The described material consists of isolated molars. This discovery will provide a new insight to understand the diversity and geographic distribution of...

Sajid Ali, Shahen Shah* and Muhammad Arif

...mical and physiological processes of the wheat plant. Low Zn and Fe contents in soil and/or their low availabilities for plant uptake not only affect the final yield but also decrease their harvestable levels in the wheat grains. The research trials were conducted for two consecutive years (2016-17 and 2017-18) on the foliar supply of Zn and Fe to wheat at different growth stages in the Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar - Pakistan...

Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Imran Khatri1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Arfan Ahmed Gilal1

...;">Melon fruit fly, Bacterocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) is a serious pest of many vegetables, especially cucurbits. To manage this notorious pest, the experiments were designed to evaluate the most effective method of pest control. The field experiments in bottle gourd, sponge gourd, Indian squash and bitter gourd were designed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having 16 treatments with 5 replications each. Basically, there were five treatments; T1= U...

Weenghar Ali Chandio1, Tajnees Pirzada1*, Abdul Majid2 and Farzana Rashid3 

... as well as aliphatic hydrocarbon including methyl group, methylene group. SEM exhibited granular structure of HA that were present in aggregates with various shapes and diameter ranging from 5 to 10μm. HA with the concentration of 5ppm showed improved seed germination compared to other concentrations used in this study. This study suggests that HA with the concentration of 5ppm should be used in agricultural soil for best wheat seed germination. Further re...

Mehnaz Safdar1, Urooba Pervaiz1* and Dawood Jan2

...nity of decision making process of farming and family matters. Rural women have less access to farm inputs and less income generating opportunities. It is concluded that non-availability of timely technical knowledge and extension services, low family income, less access to farm inputs and inadequate income generating opportunities were the major constraints. Women farmers should be given easy and quick opportunity to open bank account, credit facilities and a...

Md. Mukthar Mia1 and Mahamudul Hasan2

...resh advanced treatment procedures, vaccine progressions, and public awareness efforts, which can be a baseline for the policymaker, veterinarians and pet owner to limit further outbreaks.

 

...

Shaista Shafi* and Amjad Farooq

...th standard cultivation procedures to detect the effect of sowing date on Brevicoryne brassicae population. Data were noted weekly and evaluated statistically. The ANOVA revealed highly significant effects of drill dates and species on Brevicoryne brassicae populations, while brassica species × sowing date interaction was also highly significant. Early sown crops bore fewer aphid populations in contrast to mid and late sown crops. Therefore, it may be co...

Saddar Faheem1,2, Hameeda Kalhoro1, Naeem Tariq Narejo1*, Muhammad Hanif Chandio3, Memon Samina4, Shahnaz Rashid5 and Ghulam Abbas5*

...Results showed that erythrocytes (2.09 × 106 to 2.26 × 106), leucocytes (164.90 × 103 to145.55 × 103) and haemoglobin (10.34 g/100 ml to 7.06 g/100 ml) concentration were significantly higher in male fish during summer and winter than that of female. In female fish, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in summer and winter season was found higher (7.3 mm/h to 2.56 mm/h). Thrombocytes, neutrophils, lym...
Hesham M. Abd El Halim1, Maysa M. Hegazy1,2, Aishah Alatawi3, Imtiaz Ali Khan4 and Munawar Saleem Ahmad5*
... piller (Cupressus macrocarpa) and galangal (Alpinia officinarum) against Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line. Also, changes in gene expression levels of chitinase genes (SFch-1, SFch-2) and fibroblast growth factor receptor gene (SFbtl) were demonstrated. Cell sensitivity assay (MTT) showed that golden piller was more toxic than galangal in cell viability tests and more potent in the cell growth inhibition. The calculated LC50 ...
Xiangzu Wang,1,2 Jifeng Xi,1,2 Bin Jia,1,* Yongsheng Zhang,1 Chaocheng Li1
...te in the developmental process of the kidney through the balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis regulation.
...
Kai Huang1,2, Wancai Xia1,2, Yi Fu3, Yaqiong Wan4, Hao Feng2, Ali Krzton5, Jiaqi Li4,* and Dayong Li1,2,*
...), and the grooming reciprocity index was used to detect reciprocal relationships between these females within the OMU. The results showed that loose social hierarchies exist among the females in each OMU, and more dominant individuals have higher grooming incomes. These results are consistent with the aggressive-submissive hypothesis and the resource control hypothesis.
...
Muhammad Ramzan1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah2, Muhammad Umair Sial2, Naeem Iqbal2 and Shafqat Saeed2
...ogramma pretiosum, T. euproctidis and T. dendrolimi have been documented as potential egg and pupal parasitoids of T. varians in many countries of the world. The present paper is an attempt to bring and summarize the basic information on majoraspects like distribution, biological parameters and control strategies of bombycid moth T. varians.

...

Mohammed Bashar Danlami1*, Basiru Aliyu1, Abbas Bazata Yusuf1, Bashar Gulumbe Haruna1 and Asmau Nono Mahe1

...ing sample handling and processing by trained persons due to a high rate of unsatisfactory Pap smear reported in this study. The study population needs to be sensitized to make better utilization of the facilities at histochemistry unit of FMC Birnin Kebbi.

...

Muhammad Shahzad1*, Syed Amer Mahmood2, Athar Ashraf3, Amer Masood2 and Saira Batool4

...se are the interrelated procedures, i.e. TSR investigation may be used to distinguish areas with low and higher DD values and their connection with the active tectonics. The three-dimensional maps for TSR and DD are generated using a moving window size of (1-4 km). TSR and DD maps show interesting results that correspond to the relative sensitivity of the landscape to regional neotectonics. DD exposed the neotectonic activity preserved in the Quaternary era in...

Fahrauk Faramayuda1,2*, Totik Sri Mariani3, Elfahmi1,4 and Sukrasno1

...debrandt (SH) media can proceed to the suspension culture stage because it showed brighter fluorescence spot than other callus and plant extracts, especially for rosmarinic acid. This research provides new information about secondary metabolites in callus derived from two varieties of O. aristatus on various growth media.

...

Ghulam Murtaza1*, Muhammad Ramzan2, Assad Ullah3, Abid Ali5, Ayesha Zafar3, Rukhsar Beanish3, Ahmad Ali4, Ghulam Mustafa4 and Mudassar Aslam4 

...justify;">Fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) is the most important pest in different regions of the world. Due to cosmopolitan in nature, it causes huge losses in various fruits and vegetables production throughout the globe. The current experiment was designed at Insect Rearing Laboratory, MNS. University of Agriculture, Multan to evaluate host and oviposition preference of Bactrocera zonata on different fruits under l...

Enas K. Abo-Elmagd,Kouka S. Abd El-Wahab,Azza H. El- Salakawy

...s. These specimens were processed according to the manufacturer’s instructions for RV diagnosis. Out of the 73 tested specimens, 14 (19.2%) and 15 (20.5%) gave positive results for RV antigen by LFIC and ELISA respectively while 18 (24.7%) gave positive results for RV–RNA by nested RT-PCR. Infants <1 year old showed the highest rate of RV infection and male patients were at higher risk than females. In conclusion RV is a common etiological agent...

Nashwa M. Helmy1 and Ahmed S. A.2

...
additional procedure for improved laboratory diagnosis of FMDV. Moreover, Real time
PCR is an important feature when definitive diagnostic results are required in a short
timescale during emergencies. Current study on serum samples and epithelial tissues
demonstrate the circulation of the FMDV type A and O in Sharkia and Fayoum
Governorates.
...

Elharony, S.B.1,3, SaharA.Youssef2 and Richard F. Lee3

...particularly useful for processing
large number of samples and for isolation of RNA and DNA from
small quantities of tissues. The method does not require expensive
and environmentally hazardous reagents and equipment. It can be
performed even in low technology laboratories. The amount of tissue
required by this method is ∼50–100 mg. The quantity and the quality
of the nucleic aci...
Eman A. Ahmed1, Osama Y. shalaby2, Emad F. Dwidar2, Samah A. Mokbel1 and Ahmed K. El-Attar1
...caused by the infection process. The results obtained showed that infection of tomato plants with phytoplasma led to an increase in stem diameter by 10.23% as well as greatly increase in measurements of the other stem components while the diameter of pith was decreased by 38.46%. This infection was led to an increase in the diameter of petiole by 109.2% and also the other components of flower petiole. At the same time, tomato leaves were greatly affected as a ...

Lamya A. F. Ateya1, Said A. Ahmed 2, Mansour H. Ayman3, Khamees K. Ashraf 4, Heba A. Abdel-Hady 5

...nclusion: Selection and processing of clinical specimens, viral isolation and PCR assay applied, for LSDV are much sensitive and rapid diagnostic tool of LSD reflecting their importance in controlling the rapid spread of disease in Egypt.

...
Asma Kaouachi1, Mohcen Menaa1*, Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah2 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi1
...with our results in the process of conservation management of wood pigeon, a study of the diet of this pigeon was undertaken from October 2015 to April 2017 within the Souk Ahras region, in North-eastern Algeria. This work was carried out by using a combination of digestive-contents analysis (86 contents) and field observations (during the breeding season). We identified 16 plant species of which four were recorded through on-site observations and 12 species w...
Abdullah Sheikh1,*, Faisal Almathen1,2 and Hairul Islam Mohamed Ibrahim3,4
...lating the pigmentation process and acts as a precursor for eumelanin or pheomelanin. There have been many studies that reported variations in this gene associate with the coat color of the animal. This is the first study of TYR gene expression analysis from various dromedary or Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) phenotypes from Saudi Arabia. The four camel groups included were white, diluted (light brown, creamy and fawn), black and dark brown ...
Zain-Ul-Aabdin Abro1*,Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2 and Niaz Hussain Khuhro2
... peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) were monitored from January to December 2018 in guava orchards of the Sindh Pakistan. The investigations were done at different localities of Hyderabad and Larkana using Steiner type traps incorporated with methyl eugenol. The trap catches of B. zonata and B. dorsalis in both climatic zones shown a s...

Mohsen M. Elsharkawy1, Salem H. Homayed1, Mohamed M. Elsawy2 and Amr A. Khedr1

Ahmed K. El-Attar1, Samah A. Mokbel1 and Om-Hashem M. EL-Banna2

...eg;4-TOPO vector before proceeding to DNA sequencing and the alignment of
sequences.
Results: Electron microscope examination of negatively stained preparations from
symptomatic basil leaves revealed viral particles have a bacilliform structure with particles size
of 112.5 nm in length and 57.5 nm in width. Initial microscopic analysis suggested that the
described symptoms are caused by AMV. The major...

Mohamed F. ElKersh1, Fatma M. Abdalla2, Gamilat K. Farg2, Soad A. Nasef3, Ahmed A. Ali2

...e via good managemental procedures, as well as strict quarantine measures and enhanced bio-security. Regular diagnosis and viral screening will be helpful in the eradication of the new strains to predict the newly coming waves of infection and to be able to develop the recommended vaccines. Objective: Our study aimed for Molecular Diagnosis of Avian influenza virus (AIV) from Different Avian Species that would be useful to detect the current strains present in...

Youssef A. Elgharbawy1, Mervat M. Ali1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Mohamed A. Shalaby2

...0/ml). The inactivation process was performed using Bromoethylamine hydro bromide (BEI) that did not affect the immunogenic characterization of the LSDV and the process last for 18 hours with 1% concentration of BEI at 37°c. The inactivated LSDV tested on MDBK cells and the animals free of antibodies for residual live virus and determination of minimal protective dose (MPD) of prepared inactivated LSDV. The MPD was 1.5 m...

Wesley D. Nafarnda, Japhet H. Baraya, Olatunde H. Olabode, Malang K. Simon

...ibody detection showed seroconversion in chickens 28day post vaccination and post
booster vaccination with significant (P<0.05) antibody titer increase from 1:16 - 1:1024 and mean
GMT 2.87 - 5.09 amongst 61.5 - 87.0% tested chickens. Questionnaire further showed V4
thermostable ND vaccination had significant effect on morbidity, mortality, hatchability, culling and
ultimately the flock productivity.
Hadeer M. Mossa, Ausama A. Yousif, Emad A. Aboelsoud, Mahmoud El Gamal, Ahmed El-
Sanousi
...>quality control for in process LSDV indicating all what in the sample as well as an indication for
virus purity. The presence of LSDV with very high degree of confidence and the presence of other
similar species in the capripox genus as they share a lot of conserved areas all over their genomes
remain to be addressed to fully exploit the potential of the nanopore technology, together with some
other conventional...
Soad, E. Elsayed 1, Mohammed A. Shalaby2, Ausama A. Yousef2, Abu bakr A. Agor1,
Sherouk E. Aly1
...
Objective: Process development of the current formulations and generating new ones is crucial.
Currently, Montanide ISA 206 is the adjuvant used in FMDV vaccine produced in Egypt which is
w/o/w microemulsion.
Methods: We aimed to increase the efficacy of the conventional formulation by converting the
microemulsion to Bio-compatible and stable Nano emulsion. Emulsification was applied through
<...
Aamer Abbas1, Jabbar Khan1*, Mir Abid Hassan2, Asif Qayyum3 and Hamed Shafiq4
...e of testis, the normal process of spermatogenesis and quality of semen. Moreover, metals can lead to decreased or no production of prostaglandin, seminal fluid and endocrinology of reproductive process and thus results in male infertility. It was also here attempted to characterize the drastic effects of heavy metals on male infertility, the hormone analysis and genetic determination of SRY gene as some of infertile ...
Guan-bao Ning1, Sheng Niu1, Yue-jian Li1,2, Xiao-xiao Lu1,3, Shi-xiong Yang1,  Ali-Raza Jahejo1, Ding Zhang1, Wei-fang Hao4, Wen-wei Gao1, Yu-jun Zhao1, Jian-hui Li1, Fang Yan1, Rong-kun Gao1, Yu-hai Bi1,5, Wen-xia Tian1* and Ling-xia Han6*
...n chickens. Chicken erythrocytes are nucleated cells of myeloid origin which contribute to gases exchange, transportation and immunity. The objective of this study was to reveal the immune responses of MDV-infected erythrocytes of chicken by transcriptome analysis. Twenty specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were divided into two groups as control and treatment. The chickens of treatment group were inoculated with MDV, and ...

Dilan Ozmen Ozgun1, Gonca Alak2, Arzu Ucar2, Sinan Bilginer3, Halise Inci Gul3, Mahmut Kocaman2, Cem Yamalı3, Veysel Parlak2, Muhammed Atamanalp2, Ahmad Maslat4 and Telat Yanık2*

...inobenzenesulfonamide hydrochloride in 1:1.1 mol ratio in ethanol (25 ml) in the presence of glacial acetic acid (0.05 ml) was refluxed for synthesis of 4-(3-(4-Bromophenyl)-5-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) benzenesulfonamide, B4, for 7h at first experiment. Effects of B4 on antioxidant enzymes of gill and liver, and changes in hematological parameters were determined in rainbow trout. For this purpose, rainbow trout alevins w...
Muhammad Noman Koondhar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1,*, Muhammad Ammar Khan2, Riaz Ahmed Leghari3 and Parkash Dewani4
...done using the standard procedure, while antimicrobial profile was illuminated using the disk diffusion method. The results indicated that 21.34% beef samples exhibited the Salmonella contamination. The statistical analysis exhibited a significantly higher (p< 0.05) prevalence rate in minced beef (28%) and lymph nodes (24%) as compared to the muscles (12%). The highest antimicrobial resistanc...
Nianhong Huang, Yan Wu, Yuanyuan Li* and Jinhong Zhao*
...and non-parasitized erythrocytes showed that most analyzed features were significantly different for both linear and area dimensions. The sequences of 18S rRNA gene of Hepatozoon sp. were amplified, cloned and demonstrated the homology and the variation. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene analyzed in the present study together with other published Hepatozoon species showed that there is no significant difference in the geographical ...
Pengfei Liu*, Xuexue Qin and Fei Shang
...sup>s laughingthrush Trochalopteron elliotii in lianhuashan, try to figure out the mechanisms permit stable coexisting of these two species, and hypothesized that the different nesting site selection favours coexisting of these two species. We determined the breeding time, reproductive success and nesting characteristics through field works, our results revealed highly difference in nest height above the ground and different preference for nesting plant...

Muhammad Madni Afzal1*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Amer Habib1, Waqas Ashraf2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan3, Muhammad Raheel2 and Qaiser Shakeel2

...um thurberi, Calotropis procera and Suaeda fruticose were used at 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm concentrations. Maximum basal rot disease reduction (78.6%) was recorded at 150 ppm concentration of wild cotton (G. thurberi) under in-vitro conditions. Whereas, wild cotton also gave the highest disease reduction under greenhouse (62.93%) and field conditions (52.56%) as compared with other two plant extracts and control. It is concluded that aqueous extract of wild...

Miloudi Hilali1*, Hanae El Monfalouti1, Larbi El Hammari2, Farid Amar3, Zakaria Mennane4, Malika Haddam5, Nadia Maata6 and Badr Eddine Kartah1

...rvest time of northern Morocco where veterinary technology and control are absent depends, on local agricultural culture and community experiences local, therefore harvesting periods are related to the degree of maturity of the olives from the point of view of the village women, thus determines maturity for them, is not a scientific criterion, but a specific period of time or a particular season. The aim of present study was to determine the optimal olive harv...

Muzamil Farooque Jamali1, Fayaz Ali Jamali1, Tanveer Fatima Miano1, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi2, Sohail Ahmed Otho3, Khalid Hussain Talpur4, Niaz Ahmed Wahocho1 and Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro5*

...d several physiological processes that lead to reduction in crop yield and quality. The current investigation was performed at Horticulture Garden where two marigold cultivars (V1 = African orange and V2= Dwarf double mix) were subjected to salinity stress condition (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1). The results exhibited that salt stress revealed adverse effect on all the parameters of both of the varieties of marigold. The plants irrigated with canal water (control)...

Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz2*, Zunera Abbas1, Uzma Nazir1, Mehrunisa Basharat1, Tanveer Ahmed3, Adnan Ahmad Qazi2

...ities in peripheral erythrocytes of Wallago attu were assessed by micronucleus assay. Fish were exposed to different concentrations (1/3rd, 1/4th, 1/5thand 1/7th of LC50) of Pb, Cr and Cd, separately, for three weeks. Blood sample of fish was collected to see the micronuclei (MN) and deshape nuclei (DN) in peripheral erythrocytes of fish after one-week interval. Fish W. attu showed significant induction of MN and DN in blood...
Sen Liu1,2, Yue Zhu2, Haixia Leng2, Ying Wang1, Xiangju Yin1 and Yajun Zhao1*
...sms of vital biological processes, such as tissue development and differentiation, hibernating processes, and the environmental adaptability of Chiropteran animals.
...
Kang Chen1,2, Dekui He1, Chengzhi Ding3,4, Yintao Jia1 and Yifeng Chen1*
...ultivariate statistical procedures. To examine the differences of otolith shape from different sites, metric multidimensional scaling and a linear discriminant analysis were used for the SDs and NEFDs. The results of the linear discriminant analysis indicate that riverine otolith stocks had higher rates of successful classification compared with lacustrine otolith stocks, and stocks of otoliths from the Chargut Co and the Kyaring Co lakes had the highest rates...
Wanqiu Zhao1,2, Taoyan Yuan1, Li Chen2, Xue Du2, Weihu Chen4, Yan Fu1, Dong Niu3,* and Lizhi Lu2,*
..., Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetes. The microbial communities of the recovery geese were dominated by Spirochaetes, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Additionally, the microbial diversity and richness were significantly higher in the laying group than the broody and recovery groups. These results provide a basic profile of Zhedong white goose microbial community for the further study on goose broodiness and micr...

Muhammad Waheed* and Dost Muhammad

...ht basis either from RP (rock phosphate) or TSP (triple super phosphate fertilizer). The prepared composts were then applied to pots containing 6 kg of soil @ 160 mg P2O5 kg-1 and data were recorded on phosphorus fractionations at 1st, 5th and 10th week of germination and its correlation with wheat seedlings growth and leaf [P]. Results showed that the labile P fraction initially increased and then decreased and as compared to control and untreated FYM compost...

Jo Ik-Hwan1, Choi Kwang-Won1, Muhammad Yaqoob2 and Muhammad Fiaz3*

...ng general linear model procedure through Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). Dry matter (DM) yield of triticale-vetch mixed crop was higher (P<0.05) at 150 kg N/ha level than that of control and not different (P>0.05) from that of 50 and 100 kg N/ha. The DM yield of triticale-pea was not different (P>0.05) from that of control and triticale-vetch mixed crop at all manure levels. Crude protein (CP) yield of triticale hairy vetch and pea mixtures was ...
Yanhong Hu* and Linkai Cui
...l for understanding the process of synthesis and transport of wax to the surface of body. In this study, we characterized the subcellular localization of EpFAR from the scale insect Ericerus pela using an immunofluorescence assay of the insect cells and a bioinformatics analysis. The result of immunofluorescence assay showed EpFAR to be localized to the cytoplasmic region, and the observed fluorescence pattern was characteristic of endoplasmic reticulum...
Jia Li and Hong Yang*
...t polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was increased via a combination of alkyl polyglucosides and alkaline treatment during the waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation. During the experimental study, the biodegradation efficiency of BaA was enhanced from 12.2% in the control to 25.6% at pH 10 and 46.7% at pH 10 and alkyl polyglucosides (APG) reactors. APG and alkaline treatment increased the BaA deposition desorption from the sludge and transfer...
Arsalan Khan1*, Navid Anjum2, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Shakeeb Ullah3
Ali Zaman3, Kamran Safdar3, Khalid Muhammad3, Ambrina Tariq4
Muhammad Inam Malik3, Muhammad Kamal Shah3, Atiq ur Rehman3 
and Hamza Maris3
...prepared using standard procedures i.e. mixed with formalin, antibiotic and vegetable oil to prepare the vaccine. This vaccine was administered thrice (at weekly interval) in 15 cattle @ 1ml/50 Kg of the body weight of each animal accordingly. Fifteen cohort cattle of different age groups served as controls, administered with the standard acaricidal drug, ivermectin. At the end of each week post administration of this oil based whole crude larval extrac...
Zhi-Ming Luo*, Xiao-Yan Wang, Jiong Yin, Ying-Kun Huang, Wen-Feng Li, Rong-Yue Zhang, Hong-Li Shan, Xiao-Yan Cang and Jie Li
...uring the crop breeding process.
...

Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Iram Liaqat*, Junaid Nadeem, Hammad Aamir and Shaukat Ali

...hibitory effects of the processing chemicals or did not investigate whether the inhibitory potential is an intrinsic property of silk or is due to the aggregate gland secretion coating its surface, hence a borrowed property. Our study used direction application and disk diffusion method to investigate the antibacterial potential of Neoscona mukherji and N. theisi egg and web silk. For disk diffusion method, silk was first degummed to form degummed silk solutio...

Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Pervaiz Khan2 and Fozia Gull3

... justify;">The Genus Bactrocera is very assorted group of Tephritidae family, attacking on several fruits. The Bactrocera dorsalis is one of the complex fruit flies of this diver’s genius, hunting on very delicious fruits such as mango. The purpose of this study is to observe the relationship among the environmental and host effects on the outbreak of this crucial pest. The research work was conducted in two gardens (5...
Jun-Dong Tian1,2, Wei-Jie Guo1,2, Han Yan1, Jie Zhang1, Shu-Liao Tian3 and Ji-Qi Lu1,2,*
...s, Proteobacteria and Spirochaetace accounting for over 86 % of the richness of whole microbiota, ii) Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Spirochaetaceae were together taken over 60% at family level, iii) Prevotella was the dominant genus, iv) the community richness at OTU and family levels and both community evenness and community diversity at OTU level of the AM group were significantly higher than...
Muhammad Mansha1*, Sidra Yaqub1, Asma Abdul Latif2, Muhammad Wasim3 and Peter C. Thomson4
Rizwana Sultan1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saba Usman1, Ahsan Anjum1,*, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Muhammad Usman3 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
...a decrease in total erythrocytes, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell indices. Differential leukocyte analysis revealed leukocytosis, heterophilia, eosinophilia, monocytosis, and lymphocytosis. Serum biochemistry showed marked elevation in aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine and a significant decline in alanine transaminase, total protein, total albumin, globulin, triglycerides and cholesterol values. Histo...
Nagarathinam Arunkumar*, Jainullabudeen Gulsar Banu, Nagarajan Gopalakrishnan and Arkalgud Hiriyannaiah Prakash

 

..., in the quantification process. In addition, the growth curve analysis confirmed that lipase production is associated with the growth phase of the isolates. The efficacy of the lipase producing wax degrading bacterial isolates was tested against the nymphs and adults of Solenopsis Mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and the Striped Mealybug, Ferrisia virgata Cockerell infesting cotton. The results clearly indicated that the bacterial isolat...
Essam H. Ibrahim1,2,3, Attalla F. El-kott1,4, Ali Alshehri1, Mona Kilany2,5,  Reza Yavari6, Salahud Din7* and Diaa Massoud8,9
...veral slender accessory processes. The tongue was covered by a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. A dense connective tissue composed the lamina propria and thick masses of striated muscles constituted the bulk of the tongue. The lamina propria didn’t penetrate completely into the filiform papillae of the lateral margin. Numerous forms of lingual salivary glands with seromucous secrations were intermingled with the lingual muscles in the lingual ...
Muhammad Farhan Qadir1, Xin-Yu Han1, Meng-li Qiao1, Qian-qian Cheng1
Raza Ali Mangi1, Ali Raza Jahejo1, Afrasyab Khan1, Yu-hai Bi1,2 and Wen-xia Tian1*
...man health. Chicken erythrocytes are known as most abundant circulating cells in the body which participate in inflammation and immune responses. Influenza viruses interact with the host cells at cell surface, leading to cell death in human and animals through apoptosis. Current study was designed to investigate the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes in the H9N2 infected chicken erythrocytes. qRT-PCR and Western bl...

Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza1, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2, Aftab Khan3, Hamdullah1 and Syed Attaullah Shah1

...plication in production process determine the level of output in agriculture. This study therefore attempted to investigate determinants of rice yield in central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A random sample of 275 rice growers was selected from district Swabi, using a multi-stage random sampling procedure. Pre-tested interview schedule was used for collection of data from rice growers. Through Cobb-Douglas type production f...

Theophilus Miebi Gbigbi* and Rodney Akpoviri Isiorhovoja

.... A multistage sampling procedure was adopted to pick a sample of 120 farmers from whom data were elicited using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate that the average age of respondents was 43 years; majority (85%) of respondents were males with 16 years’ experience in exotic chicken production; 75% were married and 48% had secondary education. The mean household size was 5 perso...
Suherman Suherman1*, AndhiniPutri Trianita1, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto1 and Wea Aanisah Mentari Putri2
...asted during the drying process, and the product yield was approximately 17.53 %. The water content value in the mango from all treatments was 6.17 % to 7.13 %, which was < 31 % as desired by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI—Standar Nasional Indonesia) for dried fruit products. The results showed that the colors changed in Treatment 2 (17 h and a pressure of 35 Pa). The hedonic test showed that Treatment 1 (13 h and a pressure of 35 Pa) wa...

Murad Ali* and Said Wahab

...ed and the whole frying process was properly monitored throughout. All the samples were analyzed for TPM and Acid value at the time of collection with the help of oil testometer DOM-24. A 100 ml of sample from each of the frying mediums was collected and transferred to the Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Malakand for further analysis. The peroxide values (18.073 meq kg-1) were found significantly higher in oil medium, followed by ghee (11.96 meq kg-1) a...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Khushi Muhammad2,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal3
... at short intervals and processed for total MCV, MCH, MCHC, and lymphocytic and leukocyte count, most importantly. It was recorded that there was significant increase in number of WBCs and neutrophils, but a significant decrease was noticed in number of lymphocytes. While the serum tests showed significant decrease in iCa, P, Na, K, BUN, ALP, PTH. While significant increase was observed in Glu, Cl, Isuline and cortisol but no significant changes in Creatinine ...
Amin Arif1, Khizar Samiullah1*, Riffat Yasin2, Bilal Rasool1, Shakila Naz1, Xijun Ni3 and Saleem Akhtar1
...tion of Giraffidae with Procerotidae have been discussed comprehensively. Palaeoenvironment, biostratigraphy and geology of the locality have also been discussed. The coexistence of Giraffokeryx punjabiens with its mammalian paleo-community reveals the persistence of mosaics of diverse habitats ranging from tropical evergreen forest to subtropical ones, closed seasonal woodlands to wooded savannas during the deposition of the Dhok Bun Ameer Khatoon, Chi...
Zhiyuan Sun1, 3, Xuhui Zhang2,*, Xian Li3, Yanping Huang3, Shiyan Sui3, Weifeng Liu3, Guochao Ni3, Xiaozhou Xu1, Jianbo Yang1, Xue Lian1 and Hui Jia1
...Twenty-four 30-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Large White crossbred piglets (12 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: control, LPS, ACTH, and ACTH+LPS groups. Each group consisted of 6 male piglets. All ACTH pigs and ACTH+LPS pigs were injected intramuscularly with ACTH (2.25 IU/kg body weight) for 7 consecutive injections at 6-h intervals. Then, LPS pigs and ACTH+LPS pigs were injected intramuscularly with LPS (15 μg/kg body weig...

Thomby Paul, Sreekanta Biswas, Sabiha Zarin Tasnim Bristi, Debashish Sarker, Saroj Kumar Yadav and Bhajan Chandra Das*

...to articular surface of trochlear notch and also found apophyseal fracture of olecranon. An open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) technique was performed to repair the olecranon fracture using two Kirschner wires and tension band wire, and immediate radiographs were taken to confirm the position of implants. On 30th day of post-surgical observation, mediolateral radiograph revealed migration of implants but callus formation was observed between the fracture ...
Jia Liu1, Zhen Wang1, Zifan Ning1, Ali Mujtaba Shah2,3,Qing Zhu1, Yan Wang1, Huadong Yin1, Zhichao Zhang1, Lu Zhang1, Yaofu Tian1, Diyan Li1,Gang Shu2,4, Lin Ye1 and Xiaoling Zhao1,*
...ralis major (PM) and gastrocnemius muscles (GM) on d 1, 7, 28, 49, and 70 post-hatch, and measured the weights of the muscles, diameter and, a density of myofibers, and the expression abundances of MyoD, MyoG, IGF-1, and Pax7. The body weight of FG was heavier than SG from d 7 to 70. Their muscle weights and myofiber diameters of FG were also greater than SG (P < 0.05). The expression of MyoG was affected by chicken...
Qazi Muhammad Noman1, Farhan Mahmood Shah1, Khalid Mahmood2 and Muhammad Razaq1*
...Punjab, Pakistan. Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) was the most abundant fruit fly species in this study. Our results indicated a positive and significant correlation between the species of fruit flies and mean temperature in mango and citrus orchards at all locations. In mango orchards, peak population of fruit fly complex was recorded from June to July, a period when the mangoes ripe and mean temperature is high. In citrus orchards, minimum population was...
Song Jiang, Dong-liang Liu, Fa-lin Zhou, Xian-bin Mo, Qi-bin Yang, Jian-hua Huang, Li-shi Yang and Shi-gui Jiang*
...the body’s immune process consume a lot of energy.
...
Seung-Yun Baek1 and Seong-Min Lee2*
...of WVCs is an essential process for effective WVC management. Roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) is the most prevalent wildlife species in WVCs on Jeju Island, South Korea. This study analyzed individual temporal patterns and spatial hotspots (clusters) based on roe deer–vehicle collisions (RDVC) on Jeju Island from 2014 to 2017. RDVCs occur frequently from July to October, and RDVCs are higher in male deer than with females in all seasons, except in w...
Zhi-Peng Li, Laiba Shafique, Saif ur Rehman, Kui-Qing Cui, Xiao-Can Lei, Xing-Rong Lu, De-Shun Shi* and Qing-You Liu*
...n of Gas6 in the process of follicular development was studied by immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence, QRT-PCR and western blot. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that Gas6 was expressed in the oocytes, especially the nucleus, from the primary to preovulatory stages. The further immunofluorescence results showed that Gas6 was expressed thoughout the in vitro matured porcine oocytes, and the staining signal decreased ...
Shoaib ur Rehman1, Jabbar Khan2*, Raaza Malja Khan3, Maimoona Azam4 and Zeeshan Mutahir5
...ts in hypochromic and microcytic anemia. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of six common β-thal mutations, their frequency, consanguinity in parents and inheritance pattern in patients of Karak region, Khyber Pakhunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. During the study, 200 peripheral blood samples were collected both from families having at least one transfusion dependent child and sporadic patients from different areas of karak region....

Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Asif Ali Abro3

...formulating easy credit procedures for specifically subsistence farmers which will help in increasing livestock production, reducing poverty and unemployment in the region.

...

Ruqia Bibi1, Najam-un-Nisa1, Sania Komal1, Hafiza Nimra Ghani Qureshi1, Maryam Safdar1, Hafiza Hina Jameel1, Saman Gul1, Sania Saeed1 and Inam Ullah1,2*

...35. Little Cormorant (Microcarbo niger), Gadwall (Mareca streper), Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) were found as the dominant species with the relative abundance of 0.07, 0.07 and 0.06, respectively. As migratory birds indicate a freshwater ecosystem, healthy bird species indicate a healthy habitat, while declining bird populations indicate degraded habitat. Studies concluded that the diversity of migratory birds is de...

Mubeen Zahra1,2, Muhammad Nawaz3, Muhammad Umer Chattha4, Imran Khan4, Muhammad Bilal Chattha5*, Muhammad Ashraf Bhatti6, Abdul Rehman4, Faryal Ahmed4, Faran Muhammad4, Mina Kharal7 and Muhammad Umair Hassan4

...r growth, physiological processes and yield. Thus, present study was executed to determine the impact of drought on growth and yield of different wheat cultivars. The study was comprised of early drought treatment such as I0 (control), I1 (fist irrigation 30 days after sowing), I2 (first irrigation 45 days after sowing) and I3 (first irrigation 60 days after sowing) and wheat cultivars Faisalabad-2008 (standard height and low tillering), Td-1 (low height and l...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi

...ted and refluxed with hydrochloric acid to produce furfural. Growth response of sugarcane plants increased significantly (p=0.05) with the highest concentration (75 mg) of furfural. A reduction in nematode population in soil of treated plants was remarked. The results indicated that furfural could be practically applied in the management of nematode pests of sugarcane, while safe guarding the environment from pollution.

...

Yaregal Tilahun1*, Benyam Tadesse1, Getachew Mekonnen2  and Tilahun Bekele3

...and lack of centralized processing facilities (80.7%) were the key restraints on tea out-growers production and selling activity in the research area. The Cobb Douglas model indicated that labor force, fertilizer, land size, and improved seed all had an impact on tea productivity. While, technical inefficiency of tea production was determined by to level of education, the interaction of extension contact, distance to district market, harvesting time, training,...

Samreen Khan*, Salma Javed, Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasira Kazi

...completion of requisite process, resultantly the corresponding recovery rate of EPNs was found 10.9% which includes only genus Steinernema comprising two isolates of S. balochiense (24%), two isolates of S. siamkayai (24%) and four unidentified Steinernema spp (52%). However, genus Heterorhabditis was not identified from collected soil samples. Characterization of these previously reported isolates made possible by using morphometric scrutiny. The recovered ne...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Misbah Rizwan2, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Tahir3, Muhammad Sabar1, Muddassar Ali1 and Muhammad Yasir Ali4
... leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), is one of the most destructive and key pests of rice in Asian countries. Effective insecticides are available to cope with this pest, but this solution is not a long-term strategy because of apprehensions about health and environmental hazards, exposure risks, residual perseverance and development of resistance. So there is a need to find out an alternate practice for the management of this pest. Pe...

Najeeb Ullah1*, Muhammad Nadeem2, Malik Mujaddad-ur-Rehman1, Rubina Nelofer2 and Yasir Arfat3

...roduction that make the process economically feasible and environment friendly by utilizing the industry waste.
...

Ayesha Muzamil, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Shaukat Ali, Iram Liaqat, Aamir Ali, Muhammad Summer

... for normal homeostatic processes of body. Most of the modern human diseases such as asthma, allergy, autoimmune diseases, hepatitis, coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease and glomerulonephritis are linked directly or indirectly to different inflammatory processes. Conventionally, different steroidal and non steroidal drugs i.e., antibiotics are used to treat inflammatory disorders. Theses synthetic drugs have many sid...
Longjun Guo*, Jiaqi Teng, Juan Wang and Yukun Chen
...;0.05). DTI was used to process diffusion tensor data and visually and clearly display the distribution and metastasis of brain nerve fibers or white matter. In terms of leukoaraiosis degree, FA decreased. Where, DR increased, AMO decreased, Dave and DAx remained unchanged. Most FA reduction observed in white matter was observed in the corpus callosum. In the end we concluded τ protein expression in cerebrospinal fluid can enable identification of the occu...
Abdullah Abdo Albegali1, Tayyaba Aftab1, Atiq-ur-Rehman1*, Amir Rashid1 and Mayada Mohammad1,2

Vladimir Safonov 

...y of lipid peroxidation processes and the functioning of the antioxidant defense system in pregnant and calved cows in the area with selenium favorable agrobiocenoses (Voronezh region, Russian Federation) and selenium-deficient biogeochemical province (Kirov region, Russian Federation). The LPO-AOS parameters were evaluated in 89 Black-Motley cows at the age, corresponding to 2 to 3 lactations, with mean or great live market quality and a weight of 500 to 650 ...

Sadarman1, Agung Irawan2, Muhammad Ridla3, Anuraga Jayanegara3*, Nahrowi3, Roni Ridwan4, Ahmad Sofyan5, Hendra Herdian5, I Nyoman Guna Darma5, Teguh Wahyono6, Dewi Febrina1, Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap7, Rizki Amalia Nurfitriani8, Danung Nur Adli9 

...2 types of the ensilage process and 3 levels of tannin addition treatments. The experiment was arranged following a 2×3 factorial design with four replications. Degradability parameters were measured at 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation time. Results showed that adding either CT or HT on soy sauce residue did not affect the degradation kinetics as represented by the values of the soluble fraction (a), degradation rate (c), and effective degradabil...

Sanjeela Sabahat1*, Juliya Abbasi2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Saima Mumtaz1, Taj Naseeb Khan1, Sudheer Tariq1 and Muhammad Imran1

...ity of Chandler under microclimatic conditions.
...

Noha M. El-Shabrawy1, Atef M. Kamel2, Aza S. Goda1, Gehad R. Donia1, Ahmed M. Salah-Eldein2* 

...cultural and industrial processes result in increasing the number of pollutants introduced into the environment. Continuous monitoring of such pollutants required an indicator sensitive to environmental toxins and represents its accumulative effect. The aim of the present study is to determine the preferable tissue and bird that can be used as a bio-indicator for heavy metals pollution in El-Salam Canal which is considered as an important source of water for l...
Yang Yang1,2, Ji Shao1,2, Mingxu Zhou3,4, Qiangde Duan1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*

...tem is involved in this process. To study the effect of quorum sensing signal molecule acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) on the biological characteristics of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), gene lasI of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is responsible for the synthesis of long side-chain AHL (3OC12-HSL), and gene yenI of Yersinia enterocolitica which is responsible for the synthesis of short side-ch...

Ijaz Rasool Noorka1,2*, Bilal Ahmad Khan3*, Kafeel Ahmad4, Zafar Iqbal Khan4, Muhammad Ather Nadeem3, Amer Nawaz2, Tasneem Ahmad5 and Humayun Bashir4

... occurrence of the heavy rock’s metals in the forage and soil samples. The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to check Iron (Fe). The results revealed that Fe were found in safe limit, as per WHO. 

...

Nedžad Hadžiomerović1*, Ozan Gündemir2, Senad Kovačević1 

...ondylar and the angular process, and the measurement from the aboral alveolus of the canine tooth to the condylar process. The molar teeth parameters show similar values, especially the carnassial teeth. PC1 and PC2, which account for the highest variation, account for 68.8% of the total variation. The present study provided morphometric and geometric data on red fox and golden jackal mandibles, which can be a significant re...

Amal H. Mostafa, Mohammed Y. Matoock, Heba M. A. Khalil* 

...bjected to a management procedures for one week. Most of the dogs showed no aggression in the friendly greeting test and room behavior test, moderate response for a look test and tag test, while displayed high aggressive response during leash manner, sensitivity, squeeze, food behavior, toy behavior, and dog to dog behavior tests as well. Dogs aggressive responses were reduced in all previous tests following exposure to a good management program. In conclusion...
Amjad Ali1, Muhammad Amir2*, Bilal Ur Rehman2, Zafar Khan3 and Abid Munir1
 
...d after. In fingerprint processing, initially, appropriate proven methods are used for processing fingerprints in a sequential manner followed by the application of various encryption algorithms for ensuring protection of such biometric data. In fingerprinting, image processing techniques include: low-quality-fingerprint enhancement, normalization, binarization and thinning of fingerprint ...

Chunjie Song1, Shangquan Gan2 and Xiaoyun Shen1,3*

...przewalskii. Twenty the Procapra przewalskii with the E. coli were selected from the Wildlife Rescue Center of the Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve and randomly divided into low-dose group, high-dose group, gentamicin sulfate group and control group with 5 Procapra przewalskii in each group. The P. przewalskii in modified Yujin powder group were given Yujing powder once every morning and evening, 3, 4 mL/ (kg·BW) ...

Keqiang Wei1*, Yue Wei2 and Changxia Song1

... of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), a commercially important aquaculture species in China. Using polyclonal antibodies, the strong staining of these proteins in hepatopancreatic cells was observed. The synchronous expression of p38 and its phosphorylated form (p-p38) was mainly present in B- and R- cells, and their MOD values were 0.0055±0.0038 and 0.0046±0.0027, respectively. As its downstream transcription factors, both RelA (p65) and...

Jiao Ma*

...rstanding the molecular processes and messaging pathways involved in success Cardiac stem cells offer an effective approach to the production and presentation of cardiac lesion therapy using cardiac stem cells.

...

Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Chinedu Ifeanyi Atama*, Fejiokwu Esther Chioma, Ifeanyi O Aguzie, Godwin I Ngwu and Christopher Didigwu Nwani

...tate, Nigeria. Standard procedure of parasite search in vertebrates was used. A total of 23 donkeys and 24 horses were examined for gut helminth parasites. In total, out of 47 equines examined, 43 (91.5%) were infected. Out of 24 horses, 20 (83.3%) were infected while all the donkeys were infected (100.0% prevalence). The difference in infection prevalence between horses and donkeys was not significant (χ2 = 4.190, df = 1, P = 0.060). This study revealed t...

Tran Thi Bich Ngoc1,2, Ninh Thi Huyen1,2, Nguyen Cong Oanh2, Pham Kim Dang2* 

...ows [(Pietrain × Duroc) × (Landrace × Yorkshire)], with an average initial body weight of 26 ± 0.77 kg (around 75 days old), were equally divided into four dietary groups, 6 replicates each group. The animals were housed individually in metabolism cages. The four experimental diets consisted of a basal diet (CONT), PROB diet (CONT + 0.2% PROB), ORAC diet (CONT + 0.2% ORAC), and PROR diet (CONT + 0.2% PROB + 0.2% ORAC) for 60 days inclu...
Zane Vincevica-Gaile1, Karina Stankevica1, Maris Klavins1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Damat Damat3*, Praptiningsih Gawawati Adinurani4, Lili Zalizar5, Muhammad Zul Mazwan6, Juris Burlakovs7
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi8,9, Rista Anggriani3 and Aamir Sohail10
 
 
... on peat extraction and processing. Due to peat’s fossil origin, it can be considered environmentally unfriendly and unsustainable. Seeking peat-substituting materials is of crucial importance on a global scale and may become a vitally significant assignment for future generations. The necessity for peat-free soil amendments is also directed by the targets of circular economy and environmental sustainability goals, leading to reducing or abandoning the u...

Shang Zhenda1,2*, Kong Qinghui1,4*, Li Jiakui1,4, Liu Suozhu1,2, Tan Zhankun1,2, Shang Peng1,3 and Wang Honghui1,2

...e dominant phyla, and Micrococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Planococcaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Christensenellaceae, Coriobacteriaceae and Bacillaceae were the dominant families. Comparing the relative abundance of different levels of bacteria, a total of 78 bacteria significantly differed between wild yak and domestic yak. Amongst these bacteria, Chloroflexi, Clostridiaceae, Microbispora, Blautia, Carnobacterium and Salinibacter...

Shuangye Wang1,2, Yunlin Zhao1,2, Zhenggang Xu2,3,*, Junzhi Chen3, Guiyan Yang3, Song Wang2 and Kangkang Jiang2

 

...ups during the movement process; (3) By combining home range and the maximum flooded time index map, the milu population habitat covered various types of land use and active area when water source was included. While managing the two types of land use these should be connected by vegetation and should not be too far apart. In general, the home range distribution and size changed with the changing periods i.e. dry period and wet period. Available space, food re...
Damat Damat1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Juris Burlakovs3, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile4
Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Rista Anggriani1 and Anas Tain5
...rmal;">Analog rice is a processed rice product produced from non-rice with slightly more carbohydrates than natural rice. Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L) canbe used as raw material in analog rice, with red seaweed (Gracilaria spp.) are added to increase the fiber content. A disadvantage of analog rice is its bland taste, which can be improved by adding spices and seaweed, expected to increase the functional value. This study aims to determine t...

Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Tatyana Tabakaeva1, Anna Klimovich2, Michail Shchelkanov1, Eduard Kostetsky1, Maksim Aliev1, Anton Degtyarenko3 

...ession of the leukaemic process; 3) Replicative and expressive activity of provirus FeLV in blood white cells (WBC); 4) Concentration of the IFNs and viral p27-FeLV-specific antigen in the blood plasma; 5) Expression of ifnα6, ifnα7, ifnβ1, ifnγ and ifnλ1 genes in WBC; 6) Expression of p53 and gadd45g genes in WBC. The concentration of the viral p27-FeLV antigen in the blood plasma was determined by ELISA. The total DNA and total ...

Lungile Gumede1,2, Thobela L. Tyasi1, Teedzai Chitura1*, Khanyisile R. Mbatha3 

...eral linear model (GLM) procedure in a completely randomized design. The results indicated that only platelet counts, monocyte counts and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) showed significant differences (p<0.05) amongst the 11 blood profiles observed in this study. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in body weight gain (BWG), growth rate (GR) and metabolic weight gain (MWG). No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed for feed intake (FI) a...

Chukwudi Njoku1*, Inyang Etim-Inyang2, Prince-Charles Itu1 and Arinze Uzoezie1

...om previous studies and processes such as classification, buffering, interpolation, slope analyses, single and multiple Structured Query Languages (SQL). The analyses divulged 23 river sites that are suitable for setting up Tilapia cage culture in the State, all covering a total of 18.44 square kilometers (4.49 percent) of the water bodies in the area. The result is an essential decision-making tool for individuals and organizations in agro-business, fishermen...

Muhammad Niamatullah1, Abdur Rehman1* and Raheel Saqib2

... simple random sampling procedure. Regression analysis as a statistical method was used to assess the impact of tube well irrigation on agriculture production, household annual income, poverty line, kinds of land, sources of irrigation and inputs used on land. The significant (P<0.05) impact of household annual income of farmers was observed on agriculture production. The significant (P<0.01) impact of household annual income of farmers had kept farming ...

Saydat Saad1, Doaa Abdel-Fattah1, Tarek Khamis2, Aya El-Sobky1* 

...ty of nanoencapsulation processes. Because of their smaller size, nano-propolis is more utilized by the body than the free one. This study focuses on some current research on the application of nanotechnology in animal health and human health utilizing animal models, as well as the usefulness of nanotechnology on natural supplements like propolis used in animal nutrition and health.

Keywords | Nanotechnology, Nano-Propolis, Animal production and health...

Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,2, Irkham Widiyono3*, Bambang Suwignyo4, Amado A. Angeles5 

...e methane gas formation process. Public fretfulness agreed that the gas produced by ruminants is a big factor in the effects of global warming. Alternative the decrease in methane production from ruminants is by utilizing secondary metabolite compounds in plants. These studies are interesting to be continued and explored in an effort to reduce methane production through in vitro and in vivo, because it is proven that there are many types of biological or agro-...

Sozan A.A. Ismaeil1*, Hassan Emam2 

... samples were fixed and processed for the histological and histochemical examination of the liver. Pigeons were collected from the squab breeder while Ibis were collected from streets at Shariq province. The morphological findings showed that the liver of two species of birds is located in a hepato-peritoneal cavity, and each is composed of two undivided lobes, a large right lobe and a small left one which have light brown to dark red in pigeon and dark red in...

Amir Z. Allam, Hayam A. Mansour, Nermeen M.L. Malak, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem* 

...ntibacterial during the processing of chicken meat products to improve their bacterial quality and extend their shelf life without causing odor problems.

Keywords | Clove, Oregano, Thyme, Chicken meat patties, Frozen storage 

...

Mohammed H. Galhoum1, Hamza M. Eed2, Essam S. Soliman1* 

...% and delayed isolation procedures revealed a prevalence of up to 21.42%. The bacteriological analysis was carried out using conventional cultural and molecular means (cyclic polymerase chain reaction; cPCR) targeting the invA gene. The isolated Salmonella culture revealed higher resistance incidence up to 100% against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC; 30 μg), ampicillin (AMP; 10 μg), and nalidixic acid (NAL; 30 μg), 90% against enrofloxacin (ENR; 5 &...

Gülseren Kırbas Dogan1,*, Emin Karakurt2, Mushap Kuru3 and Hilmi Nuhoglu2

...formed. Following these procedures, the calves were brought to the anatomy laboratory and anatomically examined. The most important result; in the mid-section of the sections taken from the existing structure other than the normal formation at the medulla oblangata and pons level in the brain, it was found that in the outer part of the meninges, an inversion of the substantia alba was formed in an outer layer, as if the substance was invaginated. As a result, ...

Nargis Sardar1*, Maria Binte Sarfraz2, Sufian Rasheed3 , AKM Rezwan Sardar4 , Fahamida Zaman5, Arsalan Rasheed6,7* 

...D investigations of electrochemical biosensors that have been conducted in recent years. According to the research, the practical use of electrochemical biosensors is attributed to the existence of UV radiation and transactivation of pharmaceutical items, food, or even human blood plasma in the detection of Vitamin D from diverse samples, including Vitamin D production in nature. Among the most commonly used elect

 Hanan Fathy Hammouda1, Mohammad Mahmoud Farag2*, Mervet M.F. El Deftar3, Mohamed Abdel-Gabbar4, Basant M. Mohamed4

...eogenic differentiation process. Also, cell viability assay by MTT was used to measure the number of viable osteoblast cells cultured with scaffolds extracts. Also, the antitumor activity of the scaffolds was studied against cancer osteosarcoma cell lines using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The results showed that addition of cerium-doped nanobioactive glass to the composite scaffolds was triggered an increase in cell growth, proliferation and minera...

Ali Ghazi Atiyah1*, Nadia Hameed Rija Al-Falahi2 and Ghazi Atiya Zarraq3

... by a wet precipitation process using calcination temperature 1200 ºC for 2 h, then the scaffold was designed by using cylindrical template under specific compression pressure. Synthesis of β-CPP powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and simulation body fluid. The results reveal that β-CPP powder was pure, well crystallinity and the designed scaffold had multiparous ...
Soliman Mohammed Soliman
...enhanced the beneficial processes of the rumen with the reduction in total gas and methane production. All the experimental fed additives had a positive significant effect on the reduction of methane production. Moreover, green seaweed and yucca reduced total gas and methane production significantly more than the probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dietary supplements with probiotics or seaweed recorded a significant increase in short-chain fatty...
Panjono1*, Endy Triyannanto2, Widagdo Sri Nugroho3, Muhammad Danang Eko Yulianto1, Bayu Andri Atmoko1,4
...ant in the slaughtering process by using equipment in the form of a restraining box. This study aimed to examine and identify the effect of using the portable restraining boxes (PRB) on the slaughtering efficiency and the level of animal welfare in the slaughtering process of sacrificial cattle during the Eid al-Adha. The study was conducted at Al-Ishlaah Mosque, Yogyakarta, by using ten sacrificial cattle slaughtered conven...

Shahid Sherzada1,2*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1 and Masroor Ellahi Babar2

...d F tests supported the process of population expansion with excess of rare alleles. The overall results showed a lack of neutral evolution and low genetic differentiation among populations of C. mrigala.

...

Muhammad Salman*, Muhammad Hamayoon Khan, Muhammad Zahid, Gul Zamin Khan, Fazli Rahim and Usman Khalique

...ext-align: justify;">Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), the peach fruit fly is a severe pest of many important fruits in Pakistan causing massive economic losses. Experiments were executed to reveal the ovipositional preference of B. zonata for four selected fruits belonging to different plant families, viz., banana (Musa acuminate), persimmon (Diospyros kaki), apple (Malus domestica) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The study was performed under free choice cond...

Zahid Iqbal*, Farhat Ullah Khan and Jalal-ud-Din

...el (1,0,0) is best. The Brock, Dechert and Scheinkman (BDS) test is also applied on the residuals of model (1,0,0) for checking the linearity condition before forecasting. The forecasted values for the year 2016-17 to 2021-22 indicate an increasing trend in future of rapeseed and mustard production in Pakistan.
...

Bilal Jan1, Farida Anjum1*, Aasma Bibi1, Syed Roohul Hussain1, Abdul Ahad1, Azeem ud Deen1, Zia Ullah2 and Farrakh Mehboob3

...ey are often consumed unprocessed. This study was designed to assess the pesticide contamination level in different varieties of peach collected from the Swat and Peshawar districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The analytical method was optimized for a total of nine different pesticides (Atrazine, parathion-methyl, chlorpyrifos, captan, α-endosulfan, dieldrin, β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, and α-cypermethrin) of various chemical classe...

Mohamed Saeed M. Hassan¹, Hitham Abdel-Saeed1*, Kawkab Abd El Aziz Ahmed2, Ossama Mohamed Abdou1 

...oglobin (Hb), total erythrocytic count (TEC) and haematocrit (HCT) revealed significant (P≤0.001) decrease in all diseased sub-groups compared with apparently healthy group. Serum biochemical parameters showed significant increase in alanine amino transferase (ALT) level in sub-groups 1and 4 (P≤0.001), sub-group 2 (P≤0.01), and sub-group 3 (P≤0.05). Aspartate amino transferase (AST) level showed significant increase in sub-group 4 (P≤0.001), sub...

Palwasha1, Siraj-ud-Din1 and Muhammad Fahim2*

... indiscriminate use of agrochemicals i.e., 24-30 sprays per season with no effective results; led us to believe that either the pest or pathogen or both might have developed pesticide-resistances. We conclude that i. lack of knowledge about pests and diseases, ii monocropping and use of decade’s old cultivars, iii. lack of awareness about diseases, their ecology and epidemiology, iv. lack of knowledge about good phytosanitary practices and v. inability t...

Leila Shirani Bidabadi1,2, Mulood Mohammadi Bavani3, Fatemeh Janjani4, Abedin Sghafipour5*

...ere collected from under rocks in barley farms in Khalajestan district, Chahak village in Qom province from April 2020 to September 2021. 
 
Novelty Statement | This species of spider caught in this province is medically important and the people of the region should be aware of the risk of being bitten by this poisonous spider.
...

Nora Faten Afifah Mohamad1, Hassan Haji Mohd Daud1, Ruhil Hayati Hamdan2, Sharifah Raina Manaf3, Ain Auzureen Mat Zin2, Nik Nur Fazlina Nik Mohd Fauzi2

...sian catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) and hybrid C. macrocephalus X C. gariepinus (CMxCG). The fatty acid profiles of fishes were performed using a liquid gas chromatographic examination of methyl esters. The overall mean of saturated fatty acid (SFA) composition was significantly higher (p<0.05) in C. macrocephalus (48.21 ± 5.11) as compared C. gariepinus (32.15 ± 1.23) an...

Noor-us-Sabah1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Luqman2, Amir Aziz1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Muhammad Aftab3

...ign: justify;">Phosphate rock is naturally occurring cheaper mean of phosphorus (P) availability but having drawback of poor solubility. Pakistan is a resource poor country. Economy of Pakistan mainly relies upon agriculture. Phosphorus (P) application (like other essential nutrients) is compulsory for getting higher yield. But availability of P is compromised in those soils having high pH and high calcium content. As at higher pH, conversion of P to plant una...

Sana Shakoor, Tahir Rehman Samiullah, Naila Shahid, Abdul Qayyum Rao*, Aneela Yasmeen, Sana Tahir, Ayesha Latif, Saira Azam, Ahmad Ali Shahid and Tayyab Husnain

...tigen reaction on the nitrocellulose membrane. The appearance of 67 KDa protein on the nitrocellulose membrane confirmed its specificity. The intraperitoneal immunization of mice with HA protein along with enhancer (ferund adjuvants) was done and produced antibodies in serum was detected by immunodot blotting assay. The appearance of the dot on spotted position confirmed the specificity of anti-HA antibodies. The titer of an...

Fan Da1,3, Zheng-Yong Wen1,2*, Xiao-Dong Wang4 and Yu Luo5

...gested the evolutionary process of fish ucp2 was consistent with species evolution, and the pvucp2 shared a close relationship with electric eel ucp2. Quantitative PCRs showed that pvucp2 was extensively expressed in all detected tissues, with the highest expression in liver. Two-week fasting significantly decreased while refeeding dramatically increased the hepatic pvucp2 transcriptions. These findings suggested that fish UCP2 proteins are highly conserved an...

Amal Hamad1, Ashraf M. Abu-Seida2*, Faisal A. Torad2, Nahed S. Thabet3, Shabaan M. Gadallah1

...Meloxicam, Nalbuphine hydrochloride, Tramadol hydrochloride
...

Magdy M. Fahmy1, Nisreen E. Mahmoud 1*, Mohamed R. Mousa2, Manal M. Zaki3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mai Abuowarda1 

...f clearing and dredging processes that were taking place by the government in the lake. Additionally, the bio security strategies should be applied in fish farms, also the dependency of farmers on fish seeds for farm stocking from natural open water instead of the hatcheries should be avoided to prevent the entrance of parasites and other undesirable organisms from open seas to the lake and corresponding fish farms. This study is the first to investigate ...

Ji Xu, Zhonghua Liu, Zhenhai Cui and Wenhai Zhao*

...errestris (GSTT) on chondrocyte injury induced by IL-1β and its possible mechanism. Chondrocytes were isolated from rat knee joints and cultured. Chondrocytes were treated with IL-1β, and chondrocytes were treated with different concentrations of GSTT. ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Flow cytometry was ...

Mariam Arain1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* and Muhammad Javed Arshed2

...globin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, mean cell hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes count were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the Se treated group compared to control. It was concluded that Se supplemented goats have better gut microflora composition and immune response compared to goats fed on basal diet without Se supplementation.

...

Honnakerappa S. Ballari1 and Shashikant S. Udikeri2*

...llected from different agroclimatic situations in Karnataka state, India. An abstinent to tremendous resistance was documented for synthetic pyrethroids, carbamates and organphosphates insecticide despite under use of these molecules over decades. Raichur populations comprehend high level of resistance to Pyrethroids with LC 50 121.63 ppm to cypermenthrin which indicated 23.21fold of resistance with respect to a laboratory susceptible strain. Similarly, there ...

Taghreed Mohamed Nabil1, Randa Mohamed Hassan1, HebatAllah Hamdy Mahmoud2, Mohamed Gomaa Tawfiek2, Usama Kamal Moawad1* 

...to routine histological processing. Macroscopically, the oviduct had five portions; infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina. Microscopically, the wall of the oviduct is composed of four concentric layers; mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa but lacks lamina muscularis mucosa. The lamina propria submucosa contained immune competent cells and tubular glands in all portions of the oviduct except the infundibular funnel and vagina that devoid of an...

Nuraini Nuraini*, Mirzah Mirzah, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Harnentis Harnentis 

...otus ostreatus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and six replications. The parameter measured: cellulase activity, crude fiber, fiber digestibility, crude protein, and nitrogen retention. The results of phase 1 showed that the types of fungi had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on the nutrient quality of fermented Azolla microphylla. Fermentation of Azolla microphylla with Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus gave the best products. Phase 2. Applicat...

A.J. Shoyombo1, O.O. Alabi, B.M. Falana1*, R.A. Animashahun1, S.O. Olawoye1, F.A. Okenniyi1, M.A. Popoola2, C.I. Ukim2, A.M. Ake, A.E. Jubril3 

...esult from the surgical procedure showed that there was a massive improvement in defecation and general performance of the calf after the third day. Furthermore, there was no complication reported in the calf after fifteen days (15) of the procedure. This result shows that Atresia ani can be properly managed at the Landmark University Teaching and Research farm. This affirms the ability of the Institution to promote standard...

Zunping Ke1, Chao Li2, Qiang Liu3, Gang Bai4, Junfeng Wang5, Ming Zhou5 and Xiao Dong5,*

...lusion by transcatheter procedure was recommended for this patient.

...

Uzma Jabeen1, Asmat Salim2*, Irfan Khan2, Nadia Naeem3 and Rubina Mushtaq4

...genase 1 (Nqo1), 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (Dhcr24), dual oxidase 2 (Duox2), and isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (Idh1) were analyzed in the kidney tissues by RT-PCR. Extent of injury was analyzed by the change in expression of kidney injury biomarkers, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and osteopontin (OPN), while the effect of DOX was also analyzed in terms of changes in the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL10). Of the oxidative stress induced g...

Roshana Mukhtar1, Shaheen Shahzad1*, Sajid Rashid2, Maryam Rozi2, Madiha Rasheed3, Imran Afzal4 and Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq5

...ents were collected and processed for genomic DNA extraction followed by Sanger sequencing to identify pathogenic mutations in UROS gene. Sequence analysis revealed a pathogenic missense mutation (c.935T>C [p. L237P]) in the exon 10.The sequence was further analysed in-silico to determine the effect of pathogenic mutation on protein structure. In-silico analysis and comparison between UROSL237P and UROSWT 3-dimensional structures revealed remarkable changes...

Muhammad Altaf1* Arshad Mahmood Abbasi2, Muhammad Shoaib Amjad3, Sadia Naseer1 and Muhammad Umair4

...viruses. Viral protein seroconversion and viral specific nucleotide positive documented in all COVID-19 patients tested provides confirmation of a link between the presence of this virus and the disease.

...

Jabbar Khan1, Mehwish Jehan1, Zeeshan Mutahir2, Muhammad Rafi1, Muhammad Ismail1, Aamer Abbas1 and Jabbar Tanveer3

...hysiology and metabolic processes in response to heat-stress environmental conditions. Hence, vitamin E, in combination with Se improved the physiological and biochemical profile of blood in Damani goat.

...

Nahla Hamada Magd Khalil1*, Ihab Mahmoud Helal2, El-Desoky Hassan Ibrahim Dorrah1, Soad Ahmed Soliman Ismail3 

...r epoxide, Alpha hexachlorocyclohexanes (αHCH), Gamma hexachlorocyclohexanes (γHCH), Endosulfan and Gamma chlordane (γ-chlordane) in the examined fish species at different concentrations. Mullet fish samples had significantly (P < 0.05) the highest concentrations of alderin, dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide with mean ± SE concentration of 89±0.85, 36.7±0.66, and 38.9 ±0.49 ppb,...

Wael Felefel1*, Mohamed EL-Beskawy2, M. F. El -Dakroury3, Mohamed Morsi Elkamshishi4, Eman Sayed Mohammed5 

Rasha Ali Taha Hamza1, Atef Saad Osheba1, Hassan Mohamed Sobhy2, Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal2* 

...f microbial spoilage in processed meat.

Keywords | Antimicrobial, Burger, Ethanol extract, Galangal, Sumac 

...
Roy Hendroko Setyobudi1, Erkata Yandri2, Yogo Adi Nugroho3, Mardiana Sri Susanti4
Satriyo Krido Wahono5, Wahyu Widodo1, Lili Zalizar1, Elfi Anis Saati1, Maftuchah Maftuchah1
Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum6, Muhannad Illayan Massadeh6, Dwi Yono3, Rangga Kala Mahaswa7
Herry Susanto2, Damat Damat1*, Dyah Roeswitawati1, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani8 and 
Susi Mindarti1
...raded due to the drying process at the temperature of 80 °C for 15 h.
...

Md. Serajul Islam1,2, Hongxin Wang1,2,*, Amer Ali Mahdi1, Mohamed Ismael Ahamed2, Zaixiang Lou1 and Fu An Wei3

...sii) by direct QUENCHER procedure. The results showed that the highest ABTS capacity was found in cooked muscle at 10 min (110.133± 4.153 g trolox Eq./kg). On the other hand, DPPH and FRAP capacity were found in cooked muscle at 20 min which were 68.966±0.937 and 37.437±1.027 g trolox Eq./kg, respectively, and raw liver 31.508±1.091 and 58.237±0.919 g trolox Eq./kg, respectively. The total antioxidant capacities of the sample...

Maria Qibtia1, Sehrish Faryal1, Muhammad Wasim1, Farzana Chowdhary1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Ahmed Mansovuri2, Zeeshan Ahmed2, Muhammad Hamid3 and Ali Raza Awan1,*

...se (LPH) activity in enterocytes. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) associated with occurrence of LP/LNP are different for European, Asian, African-American, Northern African and Arab populations. In this study, we studied, the association of these SNPs with LNP in Pakistani patients. Our analysis has evaluated the association between the development of LNP trait and two common variants in intron 13 and 9 (13910-C/T and 22018-G/A) along with the P-valu...

Qiong Xiang1, Jing-Jing Li1, Qian Zhang1,3, Rong-Bo Tian1 and Xian-Hui Li1,2*

... early phase of painful process; detected the painful hyperalgesia and allodynia induced by Pinch-nerve injury firstly; and then we analysed the expression of SSTR2 protein in DRGs after injecting Carrageenan, the inflammation-induced reagent into the mouse left-hind paw(Ipsilateral-side). Compared with the SSTR2 in normal right -hind paw(contralateral-side) DRGs. The variation of SSTR2 protein expression is fast, because about 15 min after injection the signi...

Ahlam G. Khalifa1*, Walaa A. Moselhy1, Hanaa M. Mohammed2 and Khaled Abdou1 

...io of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes proved that deltamethrin had a stronger cytotoxic effect on the bone marrow cells than the CS/DM Nps and S/DM Nps groups. It was concluded that these innovative nanoformulations of DM were less toxic, which would lower health risks and boost application safety.

Keywords | Cytotoxic, Chromosome aberrations, Loaded, Nanopesticides, Safety 

...
Yang Yang1,2, Hong Zhou3, Ji Shao1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2, Pengpeng Xia1,2, Mingxu Zhou4,5, Qiangde Duan1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*
...e intestinal porcine enterocyte cells (IPEC-J2) were reduced significantly, and the cytotoxicity decreased. The results of RT-PCR showed that in F18ab△hcp1, the flagella gene flic and type I fimbriae fimA were significantly down-regulated. In conclusion, hcp1 gene of F18 STEC is related to flagella expression, bacterial adherence, invasion, and secretion of Stx2e toxin. T6SS hcp1 is proved to be closely involved in the pathogenesis of F18 STEC.

...
Ateeq-Ur-Rauf1*,Wisal Khan1, Muhammad Salman Rafi2 and Nauman Khan3
...cipitation trend is reciprocating temperature trend. Strangely for substation Astore the precipitation trend imitates the temperature trend. It was also found that temperature is changing in three of the four seasons on an annual basis during the study period and there is a variation in the precipitation and Temperature trend patterns among the five selected sub-basins of the UIB depending upon the location of these basins. From the results, longer summer and ...

Zhongqing Wang1, Qiuyue Wu1, Ruiling Ye1, Fazul Nabi1,4, Yangfei Shang1, Sarfaraz Ali4 and Juan Liu1,2,3*

...fects of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide (AMP) on the quantity of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIELs), and the IL-6, TNF-α mRNA transcription level in duodenum of diarrheal mice. A total 72 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: control (CG), infection (IG), positive drug (PG), AMP low/middle/high dose (LG/ MG/ HG) groups respectively, (n=12). The mice were induced by diarrhea with E. coli (5×107CFU) via i.p injection (0.5 mL...

Mei Zhao1,2, Xiaoqin Zeng1, Wancai Xia1, Baoping Ren3,4, Hao Feng1, Fan Wang1, Qihai Zhou5,6* and Dayong Li1,7*

...-align: justify;">Birth processes and related behaviors are the crucial events in mammalian reproduction. However, detailed reports of birth processes and related behaviors in wild nonhuman primates in their natural habitats are rare. Here, we document our observations of birth processes and related behaviors via scan sampling and focal animal samples during the birth of two infant Yunnan ...

Muhammad Ismail1,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1 and Umair Abbas1 and Riaz Hussain2

...ext-align: justify;">Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the economic pests of horticultural crops. This invasive species causes substantial economic loss to citrus produce each year in Pakistan. Farmers rely on persistent synthetic insecticides for fruit fly control. Insecticidal phytoextracts are biorational alternates to hazardous synthetic insecticides. This study evaluated the efficacy of aqueous extracts of neem (Azadirachta ind...
Manatsanun Nopparatmaitree1*, Pornpan Saenphoom1, Sittichai Bunlue1, Silchai Washiraomornlert1, Warangkana Kitpipit2,3,4, Soranot Chotnipat1
...actic acid bacteria, Enterococcus sp., and volatile fatty acids (p < 0.05) and decreased Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in the cecum of different treatment to control groups (p < 0.05). In addition, TABP combined with probiotics supplementation increased the villus height, villus surface area, and the depth of the crypt of Lieberkühn of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p < 0.01). Moreover, TABP combined with probiotic supplementation signi...

Chandni Wajid1, Abdul Hameed Baloch1, Ahmed Nawaz Khosa1*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri2, Nasrullah Bangulzai1, Sarfraz Ali Fazlani1, Haleema Sadia3, Saeeda Kalsoom4, Muhammad Bilawal Arain2, Wassem Ali Vistro2 

...lected sheep breeds and processed for DNA extraction. Primers were designed using Primer 3 software and PCR was performed. PCR products were sequenced and analyzed for observing genetic variation in PROP1 gene of these four sheep breeds of Balochistan. The result for PROP1 gene analysis showed 7 variations including 3 frame shift and 4-point mutations with c.63G>A, c.83G>A, c.94G>T, c.104C>G, c.237G>A, c.432T>C and c.450C>T were observed i...
Emtenan M. Hanafi1*, Fouad M. Tawfeek2, Walid S. El Nattat1, Moetazza M. Alshafei3, Seham S. Kassem3, Kawkab A. Ahmed4, Enas N. Danial5, Hagar Elbakry3, Hoda S. El-Sayed2
... study was to produce microcapsules to act as functional feed additives to enhance general health and to study its effect on the reproductive performance of male albino rat. Total flavonoids, total phenolics, DPPH, HPLC and antimicrobial test against different types of bacteria were done for SP extract. BL has been microencapsulated in association with SP. Twentiy eight. adult male rats were divided into 4 equal groups. G1 received high fat diet (HFD), G2 rece...

Ida Bagus Oka Winaya1*, Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi1, Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa2, I Gusti Ketut Suarjana2

...nd synovial tissue were processed using hematoxylin-eosin dyes (HE). On histopathological examination, congestion, edema, mild infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in the meningen, and ischemic neuronal pyknosis were found in the brain. In the synovial tissue, there is a heavy infiltration of neutrophils with few macrophages. Microbiological examination showed the growth of small round colonies, grayish-white, mucoid but hemolysis reaction was not clear...

Avijite Sarker, Sharmeen Islam, S.M. Ariful Islam, Md. Rokibul Islam Khan*, Md Mukhlesur Rahman 

...eed with wet rice straw processed with market fish wastes (MFW) and fermented with 5% molasses to enhance the storage quality and nutrients of rice straw. Feeds were placed in plastic drums and sealed properly. The preparation was completed under room temperature following T0 (0% MFW), T1 (5% MFW), T2 (10% MFW), and T3 (15% MFW) to examine the physical qualities, metabolizable Energy (ME), in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) and other nutritional prope...

Asim Zubair1*, Iffat Batool2 and Ghulam Akbar Malik3

... simple random sampling procedures to select 160 respondents as the study’s sample. The questionnaire was utilized by the researchers to gather data. Statistical analysis was done to see the either NGOs were playing their best role in Agricultural Sector or not. To examine the research hypothesis, a chi square test was also used. The findings revealed that NGOs had a favorable impact on agriculture.

...

Naseem Sharif1,2*, Imran Muhammad Siqqique2, Muhammad Kashif Raza3, Urwa Irshad1, Muhammad Ikhlaq Khan4, Ammara Noreen4 , Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi1, Mohsin Abbas5, Muhammad Maaz Aziz5, Sitwat Riaz5, Komal Aslam5 and Naseem Akhtar6

...ology for gene transfer process. Management of natural plantation of Ziziphus nummularia in Thal zone is highly favoured to save rich genetic resources of this unique jujube specie.

...

Mohamed A. Hussein1, Bahgat A. Abd El-Rehman2, Kareem A. Eldin2, Mohamed Fouad Mansour1* 

...nation is a significant process for stimulating the immune response against infection. Adjuvant of vaccine is an important factor in enhancing the immune response. It must be safe, inexpensive and easy to prepare. This study aimed to develop a new RVF virus vaccine with chitosan nanoparticles and aluminum phosphate nanoparticles as adjuvants and evaluate their impact on biochemical, cellular and humoral immune response in sheep, The prepared vaccines were ster...
Yasmin M.M. Mahmoud
...g berseem hay (BH) with broccoli by-products (BB) in goats, rations on nutrient digestibility, milk production, some physiological properties of blood and hematological profile. Animals were randomly divided individually into three comparable groups (eight does/group) in a comparative feeding trial. First group was received concentrate feed mixture (CFM) and BH (60:40 %) as control diet (T0). Tested groups T1 and T2 were given rations containing (BB) 10 % or 2...

Sri Melia1*, Indri Juliyarsi1, Yulianti Fitri Kurnia1, Evy Rossi2, Hurriya Alzahra3

...ct of the cheese-making process which may contain lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The objectives of this study were to isolate, identify, and characterize probiotic lactic acid bacteria from whey, a by-product of cheese production. This study consisted of three stages: (1) isolation, identification of LAB obtain from whey, a by-product of cheese production, morphology, physiology, and biochemistry; (2) in vitro probiotic characteristics testing, including survival...

Oluwaseun Adetarami1*, Oluwatoyin Olagunju2, Babatunde Adebayo Oyebamiji1, Adegboyega Abel Odeyemi3 and Sina Basil Johnson4

...ia. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select (160) respondents. The primary data were collected through structured questionnaire. For the data analysis, statistical tools such as budgeting technique and logitistic regression were used. Results of the budgeting technique showed that each farmer of the FBS approach had a mean profit of ₦ 81,134.65 with a cost benefit ratio of 1.09. The results of logistic regression revealed that the age of cocoa farme...

A. El-Shemy1*, Hoda M. Mekky2, M. A. Bosila2, A. M. Allam1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi2, M. M. Amer3 

...n reaction (RT-PCR) for processed livers using specific primers aiming the 3D gene of duck hepatitis A virus-1 (DHAV-1) showed the output of the amplified band in all examined specimens at the certain supposed size of the 3D encoding gene (467 bp). The successfully amplified 3D gene of DHAV-1 isolates, namely DHV/Duck/Egypt/Monofia-Shemy-1/2018, DHV/Duck/Egypt/Al-Gharbia-Shemy-3/2018, and DHV/Duck/Egypt/Monofia-Shemy-2/2018, was subjected to sequencing and the...

Ziaul Islam1*, Asad Sultan1, Sar Zamin Khan1 and Sher Bahader Khan2

... chicks (Cobb 500) were procured from a local hatchery and were randomly allocated to five different dietary treatments. A basal diet formulated with corn-soybean meal (CON; without any additives) served as control diet and fed to birds in control group. Birds in other four groups were given same basal diet mixed either with zinc bacitracin (150 mg/kg diet; ZB-150); organic acids (200 mg/kg feed; OA-200); essential oil (150 mg/kg feed; EO-150) and or a combina...
Baila Ahmad1, Muhammad Ammar Khan1*, Zulfiqar Ahmad1, Rana Muhammad Bilal2 and Asghar Ali Kamboh3
...ses to the broiler meat processing industry. This study, therefore, investigated the approach of nutritional intervention to combat these concerns. Breast meat samples were obtained from the broilers given zinc (Zn from ZnSO4) supplements (T0, T1, T2, and T3 @ 0, 10, 20 and 40 ppm, respectively of finisher diet from 21 to 42 days). Initially, the pH, expressible moisture (EM), water-holding capacity (WHC), instrumental color, drip loss (DL) and cook loss (CL) ...

Reyad R. Shawish, Reda E. Hamed*, Zakaria H. Elbayoumi 

...n polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and comparison of their contents with the recommended standard limits. Regarding the obtained findings, kabab recorded the highest concentrations of PAHs and PAH4 (the sum of four different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, named benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene) made it of the highest health risk to the consumers, followed by kofta, shawar...

Masudul Haq Wani and Arshad Bhat*

...mine and understand the process of urbanization in J&K UT and has laid its utmost emphasis on the urban morphology and degree of level urbanization. Attempts have also been made to assess the changes in workforce structure and food availability and consumption pattern in the UT over the years. The study also analyses the inter-district scenario of urban growth and its level and extent in to consideration. The annual exponential growth rate of urban populat...

Athhar Manabi Diansyah1, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2 

...l vagina. The semen was proceeded until the frozen semen. Parameters were motility, motility progressive, kinematics sperms, viability, abnormality membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity. The Bali-polled bull semen was analyzed by using CASA with the Sperms Vision Version 3.7.5 program. The results in this study showed that sperms motility in Bali-horned bull was significantly lower (P<0.01) than Bali-polled bull, Brahman, Limousine, and Simmental. The ...
Ramadan Sary, Asmaa M. Ibrahium*
...ucted mainly from the neurocranium, viscerocranium and the mandible. The cranial bone used for housing the brain; comprised of frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid and temporal bone while the bones of face formed of nasal, quadrate bone, zygomatic, palatine, vomer, premaxillary, maxillary and ethmoid. The cranium and viscerocranium demarcated from each other by orbital cavities. The mand...

Arsalan Maqbool1,2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1,3*, Eric Lim Teik Chung3,5, Abd Wahid Haron3, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila5, Bura Thlama Paul3,4, Khaliq ur Rehman Bhutto3,6 

 

...ion and synchronization procedure, the vaccinated group was administered with 2 mL of alum-precipitated pasteurellosis vaccine while non-vaccinated and control groups were administered with 2 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) via the intramuscular route. At week 2, both non-vaccinated and the vaccinated groups were challenged intranasally with 2 mL of bacterial cell suspension containing 105 colony-forming unit (CFU) of M. haemolytica serotype A2. Blood sa...
Gamilat A. Elsaid1, Weam Mohamed Baher1*, Eman Shukry1, Abeer E. Abd El. Ghafar2, Marwa Shalaby1
...h cheese collected from grocery stores and street vendors at Mansoura city, Egypt. In addition, molecular confirmation, and detection of shiga toxin coding genes (stx1, and stx2) in the recovered E. coli isolates was done using PCR. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of potassium sorbate (KS) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis on the growth of E. coli O26 were screened. The estimated MPN of coliforms and E. coli in kareish cheese collected from g

Zahin Anjum1*, Farhat Shehzad1, Shaista Ali1, Sumbla Yousaf2, Amina Rahat1 and Hamid Ullah Shah3

...f polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different barbecued mutton and beef samples available in district Peshawar, Pakistan. In addition, the effect of various grilling methods on PAH levels was evaluated. Mutton grilled with three grilling procedures, were analyzed for its PAHs content. A total of 120 samples were collected from local food vendor spots or general restaurants, and control samples of gas and electric gr...

Shujaat Hussain1*, Muhammad Saqib1, Khurram Ashfaq1 and Zia ud Din Sindhu2

...1.03±0.58%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (86.19±0.78mm/hr), creatinine (2.13±0.08mg/dl), urea (69.30±1.14mg/dl), blood urea nitrogen (32.38± 0.62mg/dl), gamma-glutamyl transferase (11.66±0.63µ/L), aspartate aminotransferase (70.63±0.65 µ/L), alkaline phosphatase (94.10±0.89 µ/L) and calcium (9.48±0.39mg/dl). On the other hand, a significant decline (p<0.05) in WBC count (11....

Shahan Azeem1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer2, Liaquat Ahmad3, Sameera Akhtar1 and Talat Naseer Pasha4,5

...c-free poultry feed was procured from a commercial feed mill. The antibiotics were mixed in the feed as per the manufacturer’s instructions and offered ad libitum to the chickens for the entire study period. The chickens were vaccinated for NDV and AIV. None of the antibiotics adversely affected the development of NDV or AIV hemagglutination inhibition geometric mean titers. Flavomycin and zinc bacitracin did not adversely affect the mean splenic (1.27+0...

Hairul Islam M. Ibrahim1,2, Abdalla A. Sayed1,3, Abdel Naser A. Ahmed4,5 and Emad A. Ahmed*1,6

...evels in myelin oligodendrocyte glyco-protein (MOG) challenged PCB treated cells were estimated using flow cytometry and ELISA kits. Apoptotic and neuronal markers were evaluated using quantitative real time PCR and protein blots. Results showed that PCB inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and improved the myelin protective proteins. It also positively regulated the antioxidants and apoptotic markers including Caspase-3, TGF-β, SIRT-1, CCL-2 ...

Agus Mulyono

...rmine the sex detection process of Java sparrow through color and texture analysis of Java sparrow beak image with classification method using ANFIS and determine the level of accuracy. In this study there are 3 stages, namely preprocessing, learning stages and testing stages. The results of the Java sparrow sex detection accuracy through texture and color analysis of beak images using the ANFIS method are 90%. This shows th...

Eman A. Al-Shahari1,2, Eman R. ElBealy3, Abdelhalim A. Alkhazendar4 and Abeer A. Alm-Eldeen4*

...is a natural biological process that leads to deterioration in the liver structures and functions due to oxidative stress and the reduction in the oxidative damage’s tolerance. Quercetin, a flavonoid has the ability to face the oxidative injury through its antioxidant activity. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible role of quercetin in modulating liver’s function and structure in aged male rats. Forty eight male albi...

Xiangli Dong1,2, Shilin Mikhail Borisovich2, Jiji Li1,*, Jianyu He1, Zeqin Fu1, Yingying Ye1, Julia N. Lukina3, Olga V. Apalikova4 and Jianshe Zhang1

...ols for the study of L. crocea MRC1 and MRC2 protein structure and function. These tools will enable us to better understand the biological functions of MRC1 and MRC2 in defending against pathogenic bacteria challenge and the innate immune response in the large yellow croaker. These findings also provide a foundation for the preparation of a Vibrio vaccine.

...

Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Eduard Kostetsky1, Anton Degtyarenko2, Michail Shchelkanov1,2,3 

...t cancer (BC; n = 4), fibrocystic mastopathy (FCM; n = 3) and healthy cats (n = 4), the following were examined: (1) haematological parameters; (2) biochemical blood indicators; (3) expression of ifnα7, ifnβ1, ifnγ, ifnλ1, p53, rb1, cdkn2a and gadd45g genes in the BC and FCM tumor tissues, as well in the uterus tissue and WBCs using qPCR. Results. In cats with MG tumours, signs of lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were found, these being...

Febriza Dwiranti1, Nur Fadhilah2, Ursula Paulawati Maker2, Priyo Sambodo3* 

...d values, including erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, hemoglobin level, hematocrit number, platelet count, and leukocyte differentiation by laboratory analysis. Descriptive morphological data and quantitative data were analyzed using ANOVA testing. The adult cuscus appeared to have more spots (the male spotted pattern was larger than that of the female) than the juvenile cuscus, where the body pattern had not formed spots (spread). Based on such an obvious s...

Khurram Sheraz* and Taj Ali Khan

...to integrate the signal processing technique Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with different versions of Mann-Kendall (MK) trend tests for investigating the dominant climate systems characterizing the long-term time-series of the two most important meteorological parameters: mean air temperature (oC) and total rainfall (mm) for the different stations lying in the upper Indus River basin of Pakistan. The observed time series were categorized into monthly, seaso...

Muhammad Mansoor1, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil2*, Zafar Islam2, Muhammad Asif2, Ghani Akbar2, Muhammad Ashraf Khan3 and Ibadullah Jan4

...ing ripening and drying processes at the end. Growers are adapting some alternate options of making ‘Chuhara’ (dried dates) at Khalal stage instead of processed Rutab dates. Experiments were conducted to find out comparative yield potentials of ‘Chuhara’ as well as processed dates produced from the fruits collected from trees protected from rain-fall. The results sh...

Rashid Al Zeidi1, Haitham Al Masruri2, Aiman Al Mufarji3, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3, Al-Hassan Mohammed4* 

...rtilization and culture processes. Oocyte maturation is the first step for in vivo or in vitro embryo production. Oocyte maturation appears to be a simple step, but it is a very complex process. Maturation of oocytes include several changes at the cytoplasmic and nuclear levels that makes the oocytes able to undergo fertilization, pre-implantation and post-implantation embryo development. Oocyte meiotic maturation in vivo st...

Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza2, Waqas Ahmad1, Nargis Bibi3, Aftab Khan2 and Jahangir Khan

...nputs during production process. This study, therefore, aimed at evaluating effect of education and farming experience on technical efficiency of rice farmers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample of 300 rice growers was drawn randomly using a multistage sampling procedure through a well-organized pretested interview schedule. Stochastic frontier models (SFM-1 and SFM-2) were utilized to investigate effects of farm input...

Tertia Delia Nova1*, Yulia Yelita2, Rizky Machicula1

... were the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit percentage, the number of lymphocytes, monocytes, heterophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Three treatments of 5%, 10%, and 15% levels of kiambang flour in feed were ready. The variables measured were also ration consumption, weight gain and conversion as well as carcass, and abdominal fat during growth. The experimental results showed that the average feed consumption ranged from 4034.89 to 4207....

Hassan A. Aidaros, Eman M. Hafez, Halla E.K. El Bahgy* 

...ess of the disinfection process in different poultry farms mainly depends on the selection of suitable disinfectants.

Keywords | Disinfectant, Poultry, E.coli, Pasteurella multocida, Campylobacter jejuni , Staphylococcus aureus. 

...

Entesar Z. Eliraqy1*, Basant M. Shafik2, Yasser S. Hussein1, Abdelwahab A. Alsenosy3, Emad A. Abd allah1, Mohamed F. Saad1 

...er cooling and freezing process. Data obtained showed that, progressive motility, live spermatozoa and acrosome integrity % were higher (P < 0.05) in G1, G2 and G3 with reduced mortality percentage than control group after cooling process. In addition, a significantly increased (P < 0.05) of progressive motility, acrosome integrity and alive spermatozoa percentage in groups treated with different concentrations of garl...
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh1, Syed Haseeb Shah1, Niamatullah Kakar2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Muhammad Essa Kakar3 and Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1
...hemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocytes (RBCs) in all treatment groups treated till day 42 compared with the control group. Remarkably, the AGPs showed a positive impact on the liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminoransferase (AST) on day 42. A non-significant effect was seen on hematological and biochemical profile of liver and kidney of broiler chicken on days 14th and 28th. In conclusion, the study showed significant synergistic e...

Dong-Min Hou and Ding-Qi Rao*

... on snakes, lizards and crocodiles. Although the extinction of some species has increased awareness of the need for conservation, there are still many gaps in research on the effects of microplastics on amphibians and reptiles. More research on the effects of microplastics on amphibians and reptiles is needed to to learn more about the potential effects and direct ongoing future conservation efforts. Finally, some constructive countermeasures are proposed to p...

Sohail Nadeem1, Muhammad Aziz2*, Ayesha Mohy ud Din1 and Tayyaba Jamil1

... computed results of heterocyclic organic molecule gives us information regarding the structural arrangement of atoms. On the basis of outcome of computational based result, it is concluded that the title molecule is a suitable future antifungal candidate.

...

Maher Mohammed Yousef Alobaysi,1,4 Turki Albacker2, Waleed Alharbi2, Osama Almogbel2, Sadik Mohammed3, Fahad Al-Abbasi4, Vikas Kumar5 and Firoz Anwar4

...t cardiac catherization procedure. Total 25 medicos were enrolled, only 10 were able to complete the criteria for the whole set of study, free from anxiety and were not on any medication before enrollment of study. Cortisol and white blood cells (WBC) count showed a significant difference in pre and post catherization procedures. Significant (P˂0.05) linear correlation was found between pre and post values for heart rate, W...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi

...dal potential of Tridax procumbens and Sida acuta (weeds) on root knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita infesting lettuce and carrots. T. procubmens and S. acuta was applied as soil amendment (400, 600 & 800g) and organic solvent crude extracts (40, 60, 80g/kg soil) in M. incognita infested lettuce and carrot plants as treatments. Results showed that lettuce and carrot plants grown in pots amended with the highest quantit...

Sidrah Ashfaq1, Muhammad Nadeem1*, Muhammad Yamin1, Talha Afzal1, Muhammad Waqar Akram1, Rabia Anam1 and Ali Mehboob2

...te-to-energy conversion processes in contrast to direct combustion of agricultural waste. Other than controlled burning of biomass, it can be subjected for different purposes like a thermal, synthesis of ethanol, engine running, and for fuel cell applications. An excessive amount of impurities like char, ash, tar, and particulate matter are making these syngas non-feasible for thermal or engine applications. To overcome the above-stated problem, a downdraft ga...

Al-Hassan M. Mostafa1*, Gehan Mohammed Sayed2 

...us which aid in healing process. However, the time that Coriandrum sativum needs for repairing affected tissue is relatively more than that of Allium sativum.

Keywords | Goat, Haemonchus contortus, Garlic, Coriander and abomasum. 

...

Rijumoni Daimari, Silistina Narzari, Jatin Sarmah* 

...eir utilization in meat processing industry.

Keywords | Edible viscera, Autochthonous Doom pigs, India, Proximate, Amino acids, Fatty acids.  

...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Imran Akhtar3, Ghayour Ahmad4 and Saeed Ahmad4

...raction (AMMI) analysis procedure was followed for the data analysis. The analysis of variance revealed that strains, environments and genotype into environments interaction (GEI) results were significant at (p≤0.01). Further, the GEI sum of squares (SS) was comprised of (20.5%) out of total variability. Seven interaction Principal Component Axis (IPCA) were found significant at (p≤0.01). IPCA-1 and IPCA-2 were found enfolded with37.9% and 22.2% of GEI p...

Sonia Sumreen1, Muhammad Sharif2, Tariq Sultan1 and Ijaz Ali1*

...ance P availability from rock phosphate (RP). To investigate the effect of RP augmented with two levels of HA on the productivity of wheat and P uptake, a field trial was conducted. Treatments used were Control (No RP, No HA), rock phosphate alone (RP), RP mixed with HA @ 5 Kg ha‒1 (RP+HA-5) and RP mixed with HA @ 10 Kg ha‒1 (RP+HA-10) and were replicated 3 times randomly in Complete Block Design. Addition of RP signific...

Sadaf Ansari1, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Abdul Jabbar Tanweer2, Abdullah Sethar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Sabahat Ansari1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* 

...se of its inappropriate processing, handling and cooking. Therefore this research was performed for the evaluation of bacterial contamination from raw and cooked fish, mutton and beef sold by retailors in district Hyderabad. During present study, 150 total meat samples, 100 from raw meat (beef=40, mutton=40, fish=20) and 50 from cooked meat (beef=20, mutton=20, fish=10) were randomly collected from district Hyderabad and cultured on different media for isolati...

Aulia Nurul Saputri, I Komang Gede Wiryawan, Dilla Mareistia Fassah*, Dewi Apri Astuti 

...ularly identified as Enterococcus faecalis which showed a potency as probiotic candidate. We conclude that Enterococcus faecalis is a potential probiotic that can be isolated from BSF larvae.

Keywords | 16S rRNA Gene; BSF Larvae; Chicken Manure; Lactic Acid Bacteria; Palm Kernel Meal 

...

Semine Dalga* and Kadir Aslan

... os maxilla. The septal process was shown to terminate with two ends in females and a single end in males. It was observed that the processus nasalisi of the os inciivum extended to the os nasale, with incisura nasoincisvus being located between them. Nasomaxillar fissur was observed to be present in females. The findings of this study are believed to be applicable in clinical veterinary practice, the blocking of terminal br...
Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Iram Shaikh1
...align: justify;">Two Bactrocera spp. of fruit fly (Bactrocera zonata and Bactrocera dorsalis) (Diptera: Tephritidae) associated with mango and guava fruits were studied during (January, 2019 to December, 2019) to determine the population dynamics of these notorious pests in different climatic zones of Sindh Province. Steiner type (Tando Jam) traps baited with methyl eugenol and 5% pesticid...

Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Waseem Akbar Qazi2

...ext-align: justify;">Bactrocera flies are noxious pests of fruits mainly infecting guava and mango in Sindh. Bactrocera zonata and Bactrocera dorsalis are the deleterious pests of several plant species. Trybliographa daci (Weld.) and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) are natural enemies of fruit flies widely used as bio-agents in biological control programs against Bact

Juweria Abid1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Humaira Wasila3, Tooba Asif4, Muhammad Farooq5* and Attaullah Jan6

...t, sheep and camel) and processed milk types (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5) commonly consumed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Samples were collected from three different districts of KP and after composite sampling dried in oven and stored at room temperature for further biochemical analysis. Samples were then analyzed for minerals content, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity. Physicochemical characteristics, proximate compositio...

Ali Ahmad1*, Zubair Aslam1, Korkmaz Bellitürk2, Ehsan Ullah1, Ali Raza1 and Muhammad Asif3

... Vermicomposting is the process of breaking down and stabilizing solid organic waste to produce fine organic rich manure that can be readily stored, processed, and put into agricultural areas with no negative repercussions. In the vermicomposting process, earth worms and mesophilic microbes collaborate to digest solid agricultural waste under controlled circumstances, resulting in a stable...

Xin Xing Dong1*, Gai Cui Bai2, Ming Li Li1, Guo Xiang Lan1, Da Wei Yan1, Xiao Yi Wang1, Qiang Chen1 and Shao Xiong Lu1*

... pig breeds, including Duroc, Yorkshire and Landrace, and the association of the novel SNPs with growth traits. PCR-SSCP and sequencing were used to detect the GHRL gene polymorphisms in the present study. Three SNPs were detected, one in the exon 1 (g.3734 G>T), which was synonymous, and two SNPs in intron 4 (g.7691 A>C and g.8523 T>C). The sites g.3734 G>T and g.7691 A>C had significantly impact on body weight at 21 days (BW21) and body weight...

Ahmad Nadeem1,2 and Rubina Arshad1,2,*

...l as an alternative to agrochemicals.

...

Sajida Batool*, Sitara Shameem, Kainat Malik and Aneela Iram

...ss group was given feed processed in the microwave oven within a glass container and Plastic group was given feed exposed to microwaves in a plastic container. The microwaves exposed feed of all treated groups was heated at 250◦C, 2450 MHz frequency for 15 min and was provided for 4 weeks. Intake of microwave exposed feed caused a highly significant increase (P<0.001) in mean body and liver weight of mice of all treated groups as compared to control. Hist...

Xibin Liu1,2,3, Weijun Guan2,* and Dong Zheng1,*

...s, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes, showing that they have an in vitro differentiation ability. These findings provide a theoretical and experimental basis for cell transplantation therapy in tissue engineering.

...

Sekobane Daniel Kolobe, Tlou Grace Manyelo*, Jones Wilfred Ng’ambi, Munyadziwa Felicia Dorcus Nemauluma, Emmanuel Malematja  

...eral Linear Model (GLM) procedures of the Statistical Analysis System. FI, FCR, GR, and LW of both sexes were the same (P>0.05) across all treatments for the first 2 weeks. During the 3rd week, AKLM inclusion levels significantly (P<0.05) affected DM intake, FCR, GR, and LWs of both sexes. In the last 3 weeks of the trial, FI, FCR, GR, and LW for both male and female broilers were similar (P>0.05) across all treatments. AKLM did not affect (P>0.05...

Bnar Shahab Hamad1, Bushra Hussain Shnawa1*, Rafal Abdulrazaq Alrawi2 

...ysts from the mice were processed for routine paraffin block technique. The sections of infected livers that were embedded in paraffin underwent immunohistochemistry. Several immunolabeled liver sections with anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, and caspase-3 were examined under a light microscope. The histological alterations caused by the hydatid cyst were cell degeneration, necrosis, hemorrhage, congestion, and fibrosis. The findings revealed that the CD3 T cell...
Rafiq Ali Khan1, Sajjad Ahmed1, Salim Raza2* and Shehla Gul1
...Formation is a proven hydrocarbon reservoir in the Kohat–Potwar areas of Upper Indus basin. The geomechnical properties of the formation varies laterally and are not uniform due to which the drilling and field development is a serious challenge for petroleum companies. The Lockhart Formation is categorized into three lithological units to assess its geotechnical characteristics. The representative samples of the units are used for Unconfined Compressive ...

Siriporn Namted, Kanokporn Poungpong, Wiriya Loongyai, Choawit Rakangthong, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak* 

...h differing types of YE processing (autolysis or hydrolysis) and differing doses/responses. In a feed additive, the components of the cell wall (β-glucan and mannan-oligosaccharides) and some of their cellular metabolites are key beneficial factors in promoting the growth performance, immunological response, gut morphology, gut microbiota, and feed consumption of pigs.

Keywords | Yeast extract, Yeast cell wall, Performance, Immune, Pig  

...

Jiahua Peng1,2, Shiyao Hua3* and Qian Wu4

...te the sugar metabolism process of rats by increasing the serum estrogen level through the estrogen-microbial axis. RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis showed that the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IKKβ, NF-κB increased significantly after the establishment of the model; after the administration of DHEA, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IKKβ, NF-κB were down-regulated, and the difference was statistically significant compared with the mod...

Hamenya Mpemba1, Fan Yang1, Kirsty J. MacLeod2,3, Dusu Wen1, Yan Liu1,4 and Guangshun Jiang1,*

...mation in the rewilding process of captive Amur tiger plans.

...

Ting Jia1*, Dong-Min Hou2 and Wan-Long Zhu2*

...us chevrieri during the process of seasonal changing, we designed a three-factor experiment of temperature, photoperiod and food quantity in A. chevrieri in the present study. Animals were divided into 8 groups randomly: moderate temperature, longer photoperiod with no food-restricted group; moderate temperature, longer photoperiod with food-restricted group; moderate temperature, shorter photoperiod with no food-restricted group, moderate temperature, shorter...

Shahid Amin1*, Jabbar Khan1, Imran Khan2, Dost Muhammad1, Kamran Ullah Khan1, Naqeeb Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Azhar Jameel3 

...aziristan. Samples were processed meant for the incidence of haemo-parasites and diverse hematological limitations were anticipated. Prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases was recorded as 14.4, 10.4 and 7.2% for anaplasmosis, theileriosis and babesiosis, respectively. Different risk factors were studied but statistical significant changes (p<0.05) were observed in prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases with respect to season, breed, specie, age and sex. Hem...

Hasnain Raza1*, Tanveer-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Imran1, Nabeel Ahmad Ikram2 and Muhammad Bilal Shoukat1

...ing standard analytical procedures. The contamination in the wastewater includes temperature, pH, EC, BOD, COD, TS, TDS, TSS, Na, Ca, Mg, K, SAR, RSC, CO3, HCO3, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn was 28.6 oC, 9.3, 2.47 uScm-1, 304mg/L, 408mg/L, 19160 mg/L, 14290mg/L, 4880mg/L, 2.96mg/L, 37.6meL1, 119.3meL-1, 31.33mg/L, 1.46meL-1, 2.50meL-1, 7.06meL-1, 7.16meL-1, 0.154mg/L, 0.024mg/L, 0.054mg/L, and 4.45mg/L respectively. The disposal of untreated wastewater into the surface ...

Madad Ali1, Muhammad Ahsan1, Muhammad Zubair Akram*2 and Samreen Nazeer3

...lue and productivity. Skyrocketing populations demand more food to consume without expansion in agricultural land which can be achieved by utilizing hybrid vigor. A field trial during 2018 was conducted at the University of Agriculture Faisalabad to screen out the best single cross doubled haploid hybrids of maize using eleven doubled haploid single cross hybrids. A randomized complete block design was used to conduct the experiment with three replications und...

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Chand Raza1, Ayesha Muzamil1, Farman Ahmad Chaudhary2, Muhammad Summer1 and Aamir Ali1

...e the mean count of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, platelets, white blood cells (neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils) in control and experimental groups. Based on the preliminary results a mixture of best concentration of sericin and curcumin was successfully achieved and was used in further studies. In the group that was given carrageenan alone, the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and platelets were decreased, w...

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Chand Raza1, Ayesha Muzamil1, Farman Ahmad Chaudhary2, Muhammad Summer1 and Aamir Ali1

...e the mean count of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, platelets, white blood cells (neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils) in control and experimental groups. Based on the preliminary results a mixture of best concentration of sericin and curcumin was successfully achieved and was used in further studies. In the group that was given carrageenan alone, the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and platelets were decreased, w...

Widiastuti Ardiansyah1,3, Osfar Sjofjan2*, Eko Widodo2, Suyadi Suyadi2, Danung Nur Adli2 

...ata were analysed using Proc Means for multiple variates and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significant difference (p < 0.05) was applied if treatments were significant. The regression equation y = 0.076x + 0.005 was obtained with coefficient r = 0.999. The results on the reproductive appearance of the Mojosari ducks showed that the average weight of the ovaries, large white and small white follicles had a significant effect (p <0.05). In conc...

Ayma Aftab, Samia Afzal* and Muhammad Idrees

... results can vary. This process may show negative results and is time consuming.

...

Iqra Qazi1, Sohail Raza1*, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Avais2

... The serum samples were processed by indirect ELISA to detect antibodies against BoHV-1. The overall sero-prevalence was 68.40%. Post pubertal animals (>3yrs) contributing more to disease occurrence. High sero-positivity was observed in buffalo (73.12%) as compared to cattle (60%) moreover, the sero-prevalence is higher in animals of greater size herds. Parity status is in agreement of strong correlation with BoHV-1 infection. Evidently, positivity rate was...

Nina Chen1, Shuang Xu2, Juanjuan Lin1* and Moslem Lari Najafi3

...containing vancomycin hydrochloride, levofloxacin hydrate, metronidazole and fluconazole increased gradually. The particle size of fosfomycin sodium in the mixture containing gentamicin sulfate, abacain sulfate, minocycline hydrochloride, ciprofloxacin and/ or ciprofloxacin also changed significantly after preparation. We concluded the particle size changes of some drugs indicate that these drugs may cause changes in fat par...

Aqsa Batool1, Masood Rabbani1*, Farhat Nazir Awan2, Sohail Raza1, Sehrish Firyal3 and Shahan Azeem1

...actors associated with seroconversion of BoHV-1.

...

Zarnosh Habib1, Muhammad Ibrahim2*, Nasir Shah2, Israr Ullah3 and Norman Javed Gill4

...n oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) at various host pupae depths (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 cm) in plant debris and at different host pupae ages (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) in laboratory at 25 ± 2ºC, 60 ± 5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of DL 14:10 h. The observations indicated a significant effect of different depths of host pupae and its age on the amount of parasitism by parasitoid. Maximum significant (F = 10.78, P < 0.0001) ...

Bilal Saeed Khan1*, Muhammad Arslan1, Abdul Ghaffar2, Muhammad Farooq2, Saghir Ahmad3, Sami Ullah4 and Awais Rasool5

...apidae, Ameroseiidae, Macrochelidae, Parasitidae, Phytoseiidae, Uropodidae, and Bdellidae. Macrochelidae and Parasitidae were the most prevalent familities while Pachylaelapidae and Bdellidae were recorded in the lowest numbers. The abundance of soil-inhabiting mites with respect to different locations in various months revealed that maximum abundance of mite families were recorded from Kotla Gurmani (38.5) followed by Kot C...

Fahrauk Faramayuda*, Soraya Riyanti and Sitty Mahanadhiandinie

...ked and dried by simple processing. Brewing white tea leaves have been shown to have antioxidant activity. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of white tea leaves grown in Indonesia using extraction methods other than brewing, i.e., maceration. Study of free radical scavenging activity of 1,1- Diphenyl-2- Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the determination of the total polyphenol content of white tea leaves have been conducted using UV-Visible spect...

Muhammad Bilal Munawar1, Saima Naveed1, Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani1, Jibran Hussain2, Shahzad Munir3, Ayesha Ahmed3, Mubbashir Hussain4, Ahmad Kamran Khan5, Abdullah Jalal6 and Irfan Ahmed7*

...ay-old broiler chickens procured randomly allocated into 6 treatments dietary treatments were: B positive control (PC) diet (0.42% available phosphorus in grower feed, A negative control (NC) diet with (0.30% avail. P in starter and 0.26% avail. phosphorus in grower) while four diets C, D supplemented with NC+ (500 and 750 powder phytase units (FTU)/kg) and G, H supplemented with NC+ (500 and 750 liquid phytase units (FTU)/kg) respectively. Pelleting temperatu...

Abdullah Al Musabbir1, Md Abedur Rahman2*, Naveed Anjum2, 3 and Mustajab Ali4,5

...r cutter in the tillage process, it is recommended to use rotary Blade B in the rotary shaft with anchored condition for the better management of residues and in order to obtain effective crop production.

...

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1*, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Ali Zachi Abdulqader Alhilfi2, Sohail Ahmed Otho1, Qurban Ali3, Din Muhammad Soomro1 and Zubair Ahmed Soomro1

...irachta indica A. Juss), rocket seeds (Erucas sativa Mill.), cotton seeds (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and mustard seeds (Brassica nigra L.). The effect of these oils was recorded on insect mortality, number of adult insects, seed damage (punctured seeds and weight loss of chickpea seeds), seed germination percentage, root length (cm) and seed vigour index. The insect mortality was recorded at different intervals such as 24, 48, 72 hrs and 1 week) and the results i...

Uzma Hameed1*, Aneela Liaqat1, Muhammad Asjad Khan2, Ikram-Ul-Haq1 and Maham Aslam1

Eighty Mardiyan Kurniawati1*, Budi Santoso1, Fedik Abdul Rantam2, Widjiati3, Budi Iman Santoso4, Tri Hastono Setyo Hadi1, Gatut Hardianto1, Hari Paraton1  

...cological and obstetric procedures is a vesicovaginal fistula. Surgery is the gold standard but the success rate has not yet reached 100%. The wound healing process needs to be supported by certain ingredients such as regenerative medicine. Amnion is easy to find and rich in growth substances. Aim: This study analyzed the comparison of tissue structure in the remodeling phase of the vesicovaginal fistula between the use of f...

M. Mansoor Javed*, M. Aslam Mirza, M. Aziz ur Rehman and M. Saif ur Rahman

...k the effect of various processing conditions on the nutritive value of full-fat soybean (FFSB), apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen retention and growth in broiler chickens. Full-fat soybean was prepared by subjecting dehulled soybean to different temperatures i.e. 90°C, 100°C and 110°C for various resident tines i.e., 15 min, 30 min and 45 min in a multitier commercial toaster. Each product was analyzed for proximate composition, pepsin...

Mochamad Rizal Umami1, Zainuri*2, Sebastiana Viphindrartin2 and Rafael Purtomo Somaji2

...ing technique. The data processing includes data reduction, data display using Decision Explorer version 3.3 software. Data were analyzed through descriptive methods and content analysis. The study found that the COVID-19 pandemic formed a new pattern of sugarcane trading system, switching from a contractual trade model to a free market model (redeemer). The model refutes the theory stating that the contractual model will be more efficient than the free market...

Talat Farid Ahmed1*, Muhammad Azeem Afzal1, Hashim Nisar Hashmi2, Hafiz Muhammad Yousuf2, Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah1 and Muhammad Atiqullah Khan1 

...ions. Data acquired was processed using the Schlumberger electrode configuration (SEC) to determine the characteristics of target layer. The results showed that groundwater level (GWL) at Havelian Cantt sites was at 69 ft average depth with resistivity values between 35-56 ohm-m and formation consist of dominance of gravel/boulder mixed with sand/ sand stone and thin layers of clay. GWL at Sanjwal Cantt sites was at 50 ft average depth having low to moderate y...

Zaheer Ahmed Lashari1, Muhammad Saleem Sarki1, Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1, Muhammad Sachal Khokhar1 and Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio2*

...Composting is a natural process of decomposing organic wastes into valued fertilizer that enriches plants and soil. The present research was undertaken to prepare composts utilizing organic wastes and to testify their impacts on onion cultivation. Three dissimilar composts with variable recipes viz. banana plants + poultry manure (Compost 1), banana plants + goat manure (Compost 2) and banana plants + cattle manure (Compost 3) in 3:1 ratio were prepared in cem...
Farah Abid1,2, Mohammad Saleem1,3*, Tahir Maqbool4, Tania Ahmed Shakoori5, Faheem Hadi4, Tahir Muhammad4, Saira Aftab4, Yasir Hassan7 and Shabana Akhtar4,6*
...plant extract (E-AM) in process of inflammation and also in arthritis by using animal model of rat. Thirty-six healthy wister rats were chosen for in vivo experiments and divided into six groups. Arthritis was induced in rats using Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) and treated with different concentrations of E-AM (250, 500 or 750 mg/kg), and with standard treatment, piroxicam (10 mg/kg). Antioxidant assays (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and histopat...

Ahmed Fathy1, Rania A. Hassan2, Essam S. Soliman3* 

...represents an important procedure that can be used in animal breeding and improvement programs. Clinical epidemiology relay on the collaboration between biostatistics and epidemiology to provide a basis for the veterinary field and clinical care. Since discriminant analysis as a parametric test is more powerful than its non-parametric alternatives, we aimed to evaluate the performance of the single discriminant analysis in classification between Baladi buffalo...

Abdurakhim E. Kuchboev1*, Mehmonjon Kh. Egamberdiyev2 

...eropicta candacharica, Deroceras reticulatum and Candaharia levanderi. The infection rate of Pulmonata snails by protostrongilids larvae was 28.2% and that of slugs - 6.8%. In addition, the first informs of P. maydanica, C. levanderi and D. reticulatum as natural intermediate hosts for M. capillaris are given.

Keywords | Lungworms, Protostrongylids, Land molluscs, Morphological, Molecular identification, Prevalence 

...

Edhy Sudjarwo, Muharlien Muharlien, Osfar Sjofjan, Danung Nur Adli, Dyah Lestari Yulianti* 

...s growth performance, microclimate, ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, and dust particle.. A total 5,051 heads laying hens used were Hy-line laying hens aged 28 weeks reared for 28 weeks on the experimental diet. A completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and twelve replications. The parameters observed was growth performance, microclimate, and health. The cage location consisted Z1: nea...

Ghazala Nasreen1, Ali Hussain2, Komal Tayyab1, Muhammad Rashid3 and Sumaira Aslam1*

... the cultured fish were processed for the determination of hepatosomatic indices, levels of total soluble proteins and hepatic enzymes being marker of hepatic injury for all the treatment and control groups. The highest levels of acid phosphatase (ACP, 11.75 ± 0.23 IU L−1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP, 81.50 ± 1.49 IU L−1), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, 30.25 ± 1.62 IU L−1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, 19.75 ± 1...

Xuan Liang, Rongfang Zhang, Yan Xu, Hui Yang, Li Guo, Feiyang Na and Donghai Liu*

...ed with xinxibao on erythrocyte immunity and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathways in adjuvant treatment of children with recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI). A total of 138 children with RRTI admitted to our hospital from May 2017 to May 2019 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into 3 groups with 46 cases in each group. The 3 groups were given conventional treatment. On this basis, control group A was given spleen aminop...
Alia Tajdar1,3, Shaghef Ejaz2, Muhammad Shah Zaib1, Anum Ishfaq1, Syed Muhammad Zaka1*, Hafiz Muhammad Safeer1 and Khalid Abbas1
...ext-align: justify;">Bactrocera zonata is an important pest of different fruits in tropical and subtropical regions. It damages the fruits at early ripening stage and reduces the quality and the final yield of fruit crop. Moreover, to maintain the quality parameters of fruits after harvesting, is an important aspect of post-harvest management. For the management of fruit fly and to keep the natural quality of fruit after harvesting different methods are used (...

Ilhama G. Kerimova1*, Viktor A.Krivokhatsky2, Merve N. Aydemir3 and Lala N. Mamedova4

...98) with the owlfly Deleproctophylla variegata (Klug, 1845), which, together belongs to the subfamily (Ascalaphinae Lefèbvre, 1842), indicates a characteristic point of embranchment in the genus Libelloides (Schäffer, 1763) inside Libelloidini Pantaleoni, (Loru, 2018). Thus, Libelloidini is a daughter tribe within Ascalaphinae. Although the support between the clades of L. macaronius kolyvanensis – L. hispanicus ustulatus – D. variegata...

Nazish Manzoor1*, Alim Khan1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Abid Ullah1, Zulqarnain2 and Iftikhar Jan2

...se using a fermentation process. Amylase was partially purified from the bacterial strain N1 and its activity was checked at distinct pH and temperature. The optimum pH was from 6-8 whereas the temperature was 40 °C. Saccharomyces cerevisiea was added for enhanced fermentation and ethanol production. The acid pretreated sample produced the highest ethanol (15.2%) than the alkaline. The percent production of ethanol and the amount of sugar in pretreated sam...

Shabana Parveen1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Ayaz Hussain Qadri1, Ghulam Dastagir3, Muhammad Hanif Chandio4, Pervaiz Khan4, Faheem Saddar5, Naveed Ahmad Abro6, Shahnaz Rashid7 and Ghulam Abbas7

...e experimental fish was procured from the commercial catch of local fisher community. The investigations were based on estimation of fecundity and its relationship with other body parameters, variation in egg size and calculation of gonadosomatic index. The results of fecundity estimation were based on 10 mature female fish ranging in size 30.4 to 43 cm and from 235.0 to 765.0 g in length and weight respectively. The lowest egg production (2193) was noted from...
Wasim Akram1, Azhar Hussain2*, Sartaj Ali2, Iqbal Hussain3 and Muhammad2
...of them is the genus Bactrocera, which has almost no data on its Spatio-temporal variability. Between July and September 2021 in district Hunza, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, this study aimed to determine the spatiotemporal variability of two species of fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata and Bactrocera dorsalis, in apricot fruit orchards. Results revealed that there was a significant difference be...
Xiao Zhang1, Guoqing Shen1, Yang Wang1, Pengdan Huang1,2, Yan Shui2, Zenghong Xu2 and Huaishun Shen1, 2*
... the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii are limited. In this study, a sizeable number of microsatellites were identified using the data of the P. clarkii genome survey generated from Illumina Hi-Seq PE sequencing. A total length of 1,625 Mb genomic sequences of P. clarkii were assembled based on 124 Gb raw sequencing data. Based on a Kmer analysis, the P. clarkii genome size was projected as approximately 3.6 Gb. A total of 336,275 SSRs (simple sequence re...

Mian Shamas Murtaza1,*, Aysha Sameen2, Saima Rafique3, Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Nabeela Gulzar4, Mian Anjum Murtaza5, Umar Farooq1 and Iram Hafiz6

...ly used in industrially processed dairy as a bulking agent for fat replacement, textural modifications and organoleptic improvements. Hence, these can be fruitfully be used in manufacturing different kind of cheeses to have reduced or low fat, texturized or symbiotic product. Present study designed to evaluate the effect of different levels of inulin and resistant starch in low fat cheddar cheese to improve its quality. Different levels have significant effect...

Atilla Yıldız* and Ayse Kılıç

...upplement. The mean erythrocyte GSH-Px levels were nearly similar in both groups before resveratrol therapy. However, at post-therapy, mean GSH-Px concentrations in group T was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of group C. Likewise, mean erythrocyte GSH-Px concentrations raised significantly (P<0.05) in group T after resveratrol therapy compared to pre-therapy ones. In group T, there were significant differences ...

Monu Karki, Amit Kumar and Gnanavel Venkatesan*

...ear of infection. From viroceptors like chemokine binding protein to GM-CSF and IL-2 inhibiting factors, to virokine like Interleukin-10, shifting the cell cycle phase (Poxviral anaphase-promoting regulator complex) and enhancing nutrients and oxygen supply (vascular endothelial growth factor), ORFV possesses several unique strategies, to fight against host immune environment. Some of the genes have been acquired from the host and some are flowing through the ...

F. Shahina†, K. Nasira, K. Firoza and Y. I. Erum

...ers, books booklets and proceedings have been considered. Those records contained in abstracts of conferences/ congresses, doctoral theses were not included. A total of 749 species belonging to 261 genera of 81 subfamiles, 85 families of 24 Superfamiles, 19 suborders of 12 orders have been described and reported so far from Pakistan in which 232 species are new to science. The paper includes i) new nematode species described from Pakistan in chronological orde...

M. Israr1†, M. Habib1 and K. Nasira2

...(Baermann, 1917). After processing, the nematode genera and species were identified (Siddiqi, 2000). Tylenchorhynchus usmanensis is reported from the first time from Pakistan is briefly redescribed and illustrated.

...

Muhammad Shahid Nadeem*, Jalaluddin Azam Khan and Firoz Anwar

...ecombinant of ALT from Pyrococcus abyssi in BL21 (DE3) strain of E. coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified by anion exchange chromatography, it displayed a 45kDa band on SDS-PAGE, with 58.1% final recovery, 15.3 fold purification and 139 U/mg specific activity. Maximum enzyme activity was found at pH 8 and above 90C, its KM and Vmax values were found 25µM L-alanine and 149 U/min/mg respectively. In silico studies have shown that the enzyme was found i...

Reem R. Tahon, Nora A. Shaker* 

...d mesocardiac, paired pterocardiac, paired lateral zygocardiac, and the unpaired urocardiac ossicle; and the pyloric stomach, which bore three ossicles: unpaired uropyloric, and a pair of exopyloric ossicles.

Keywords | External Anatomy, Stomach, Gills, Gonad, Blue swimmer crab 

...

K. A. Tabassum, F. Shahina†, K. Nasira and Y. I. Erum

...is of leptoderan bursa, crochet needle-shaped spicules, normal rectum, lateral
field with six separate lines and had unique ribosomal DNA-ITS, sequence. A compendium of the genus Oscheius
(of both insectivora and dolichura groups) based on the following characters: body length, tail, spicules and
gubernaculum length, ratios a, b, c, c' and vulva percentage is given. The morphometric and allometric characters
with...

Ahmed S.M.H. EL Roby

...sugarcane mealybug Saccharococcus sacchari under laboratory conditions (27 ± 2 °C,
RH 65 ± 10%). The EPNs used in the study are Steinernema sp. (strain: AT4), Steinernema sp. (strain: EMB),
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (strain: EKB20), Heterorhabditis sp. (strain: EIK) and Steinernema glasri (strain:
New Jersey). The bioassays were carried out on Petri dishes containing parts of pumpkin infested with adult...

K. Taimoor1† and F. Shahina2

...ria lasiocarpa, Ephedra procera, Centratherum anthelminticum, Zatoria multiflora,
Lallemantia royaleana, Mentha spicata, Withania coagulans, Achillea santolina, Ferula oopoda, Nepeta cateria,
Teucrium stocksianum and Fagonia cretica were screened for their efficacy test against Meloidogyne incognita both
in laboratory and pot experiments at doses of 0.5g/lit water (0.5% w/v), 1.0g/lit water (1% w/v), 1.5g/lit water (1.5%

Muhammad Nadeem1*, Aneeta Rehman1, Masooma Munir1*, Hira Fatima2, Faiqa Malik1, Aqsa Iqbal1 and Alaiha Asif3

...e the attention of food processors in Pakistan due to its seasonal availability. Many types of products can be made because of its starchy taste, firm and crispy texture. In the present study, three treatments (T0, T1 and T2) of date bar of approximately 36±2g weight with high nutritional value were prepared on the basis of water chestnut supplementation. For this purpose, water chestnut powder and date paste were used in different proportion. These bar...

A.A. Tanimola† and B. Fawole1

...KY), Aloe
macrocarpa (AMC) and Aloe schweinfurthii x Aloe vera (ASV) that showed nematicidal activity in in vitro on
Meloidogyne incognita. The phytochemical analyses revealed that the Aloe species had similar phytochemicals:
tannins, saponins, flavonoids, cardenolides, phenols, alkaloids and anthraquinones. However, total phenol (14.3
mg/g), tannins (14.5 mg/g) and saponins (59.8 mg/g) were highest in AKY than i...
A.A. Tanimola and B. Fawole1
...iv>
(AKY), Aloe macrocarpa (AMC) and Aloe schweinfurthii x Aloe vera (ASV) on egg-hatching and mortality of
second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita was investigated in vitro. Extracts were tested at
concentrations of 50,000 mg/kg and 25,000 mg/kg in an experiment laid out in completely randomized design in the
laboratory. Data were collected on inhibition of egg-hatching, morta...

A.A. Anter, A.W. Amin†, A.H. Ashoub* and A.S. El-Nuby*

Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Khalida Unar2 and Roshan Jamali3

...align: justify;">The Bactrocera species which belong family Tephritidae commonly called as fruit flies, according to inhabitants they live in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The fruit flies are the pest of several economical important fruits of world. The Bactrocera dorsalis (handle) complex fruit fly according to morphology, physiology and genetically. It is very serious pest of many fruits in the overall world...

Belema Robert1, Favour Welenya1, Deborah Achi1, Cynthia Onyeagwara1, Soala Obie Minimah2, Ebele Anulika Obichi2, Chidinma Charity Amuzie1* 

... standard sedimentation procedures. The sediment recovered after centrifugation was applied on a grease-free microscope slide; a drop or two of Lugol’s iodine was added to it. This was then covered with a cover slip and viewed under the light microscope at x4 and x10 objective lens. Results: Only S. stercoralis was isolated from the samples examined. Water leaves (50%) and pumpkin leaves (11%) were infected. Bitter leaves and scent leaves were uninfected...
Ghulam Jelani1, Qudratullah Kalwar1*, Asmatullah Kaka2, Abdullah Channo2, Ayyaz Ahmed1, Majid Hussain Soomro1, Hidayatullah Soomro1, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1 and Yar Muhammad Jalbani1
...tle. In embryo transfer process, embryo is collected from superior quality donor cattle and transferred to other recipient female cattle for complete development unless the gestation accomplishes. This technology involves the selection of donor and recipient animals, management for better breeding evaluation, embryo production, collection and transfer of embryo within a narrow window of suitable estrous time. In cattle, embryo transfer technology is widely use...
Jawad Ahmad1, Huang Yun-He2, Arab Hussain1, Amjadullah1, Ahmad Yar1, Subhanullah1, Zeshan Ali1, Hamid Sattar3, Tariq Hussain3, Hamayun Khan3, Ali Gohar6, Obaidullah4, Nan Zhu Fang5, Yanya Fang5, Ihsan Ali3* and Zhongshu Li5,*
...gram, leukogram and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were determined during three stages of pregnancy. The highest RBC count was recorded in group 4, The highest Hb, MCH and MCV was recorded in group 3. The lymphocytes and neutrophils were high in group 2 and group 3 respectively as compare to other groups, the leukocytes was low in group 4 and high in other groups, the eosinphil was high in group 3 where the monocytes was high in group 1 and group 3 as co...

Salman Hussain1, Basit Zeshan2*, Rabiya Arshad1, Saba Kabir1 and Naveed Ahmed3

...ples were collected and processed for phenotypic and genotypic identification of MRSA. All MRSA isolates were subjected to antibiotics sensitivity, cefoxitin disk diffusion test, and vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) E-test. The MRSA isolates were detected for the presence of mecA, mecC, and nuc genes. Congo red agar (CRA) method was used to assess the ability of isolates to form biofilms. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of ...

Sofiane Tamendjari1,2*, Farida Bouzebda Afri1,2, Lina Chaib1, Hebib Aggad3, Zoubir Bouzebda1,2 

...s. Finally, statistical processing was performed using the STATISTICA 7 software (Statsoft, France). The percentage of samples contaminated with S. aureus was 32.22%, and the average load of S. aureus contaminating sheep, chicken and turkey meat was 3.8×103 CFU/cm2 +/- 2.55×103; 2.2×103 CFU/g +/- 0.99×103 and 2.01×103 CFU/g +/- 0.73×103 respectively. High rates of resistance to penicillin (100%), sulfonamides (93.10%) and mu...

Dina N. Ali1*, Sayed H. Elhabtey2*, Manal M. Amin1  

...uring the cheese-making process. So, this research was done to determine how well moringa oil (MO) and its nano emulsion (Nano-MO) work on some food poisoning bacteria inoculated into white cheese in vitro and in vivo. Prepared (Nano-MO) had the Z-average diameter of 76.04±51.13 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.319. The spherical shape of the generated nano-emulsion was revealed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and the flow of active func...

Laveena Shekhawat, Sheethal S* 

... laparoscopic deroofing procedure and the cyst was sent to pathology and microbiology sections for laboratory diagnosis. Identification of sickle shaped hooklets on wet mount and ZN staining confirmed the diagnosis. The patient received post-operative oral albendazole which he failed to start immediately leading to recurrence of the parasitic hepatic cyst. Conclusion: Treatment is a combination of surgery and post-op anti-parasitic drugs. Delay in initiating a...
Ulvi Fitri Handayani1, Wizna2, Irfan Suliansyah3, Yose Rizal2, Maria Endo Mahata2*
...="text-align: justify;">Processed tomatoes (Lycopersicon escuentum) waste are rejected tomatoes that have been processed by steaming at 98o   C, then adding 0.5% coconut oil. This processing aims to increase the release of lycopene from the matrix tomato, change its structure from trans to cis lycopene, and increase the absorption of lycopene in the digestive tract of laying hens...
Aulia Evi Susanti1*, Rudy Priyanto2, Muladno2, Dewi Apri Astuti3, Lucia Cyrilla2
...ing ANOVA and data were processed using R studio software version 4.1.2. Furthermore, the observed parameters include average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), pregnancy rate, the ratio of male and female calf births, mortality rates, production costs and income. A business feasibility analysis is calculated by the value of net present value (NPV), benefit/cost (B/C ratio), and internal rate of return (IRR). Vensim software and powersim studio version...

Aiman Amur*, Nasreen Memon, Reshma Sahito and Seema Memon

... occurrence range of Bactrocera dorsalis in three different mango cultivars in sindh province of Pakistan during 2013-2014. Experiment was conducted on major three varieties of mango Chunsa, Sindhri, Beganpali, Data were noted on calculating in good physical shape and pest-ridden mango fruit; casually collected from major mango growing areas of sindh. Rearing the fruit flies under controlled conditions in Laboratory. Collected the reared fruit flies from diffe...

Aamir Mushtaq1*, Fatima Habib2, Umar Farooq Gohar3, Abdul Malik4 and Mobasher Ahmad2

...affect the level of erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, creatinine and liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and TB) in mice. However, it significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the level of ALP in mice but on the other hand it lowered the blood glucose and cholesterol levels significantly along with increase in body weight of mice. It is concluded that P. anisum methanolic extract has a broad therapeutic index and does not produce considerable l...

S.H.M. Faruk Siddiki1*, Md. Golam Morshed2, Md Robiul Karim1, Lutfun Naher1, Md. Sodrul Islam3

...conventional laboratory procedures. The recorded clinical cases were classified into ten major diagnostic groups. Parasitic diseases (30.16%), infectious diseases (21.84%), general systemic states (20.12%), digestive disorders (18.55%), gyneco-obstetrical diseases (4.37%), and surgical cases (3.06%) were recorded as major clinical problems, with other diseases having a prevalence of less than 1% for each. Among the ten categories, the prevalence of parasitic d...

Zarema Alimsultanova Magomedova1, Kheda Khalitovna Dadaeva1, Roza Said-Akhmedovna Zakhkieva1, Islam Khasanovich Shakhbiev1*, Boris Kazievich Laipanov2 

...tation of the epizootic process of nematodiosis in animals in the North Caucasus region during the period (spring-summer-autumn).

...

Jaffar Hussain1*, Zeenat M. Ali1 and Syed Farman Ali Shah2

...lly trans-estrification process is used for biodiesel production. Main three types of catalyst were used for the production of biodiesel like as Heterogeneous, enzymes and homogenous. Process selection, catalyst, reaction time, Molar ratio are the main factor for biodiesel production. There are many nano catalyst used for biodiesel production with different yield 83.2 to 99. Pakistan 5% introduced blended biodiesel in 2015 a...
Lovita Adriani1*, Chitra Kumalasari1, Endang Sujana2, Ronny Lesmana3
...globin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, leukocyte, cholesterol, and triglyceride blood levels. Meanwhile, our data showed statistically significant difference in glucose blood levels. However, the administration of powder probiotics of 3% and 4 % has improved the hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, and leukocyte levels, and decreased cholesterol, and triglyceride blood levels.
 

Roni Pazla1, Novirman Jamarun1*, Elihasridas1, Arief1, Gusri Yanti2, Zaitul Ikhlas2

...te to optimize rumen bioprocessing. This research aimed to obtain good performance from Kacang goats through appropriate ration formulation based on fermented forage (sugarcane shoots and tithonia) with avocado waste. This formulation is expected to minimize the use of concentrate in the ration. This study used 16 male Kacang goats aged one year, which consisted of four groups based on body weight. The concentrate consists of rice bran, corn, palm kernel cake,...
Fatma Salih Mohammed1*, Nasser Khedr1, Tahia Ahmed1, Liza S. Mohammed2
...xt-align: justify;">The processing method used to create the meal affects the nutritional value of soybeans for birds. The most popular approach is solvent-extracted soybean meal (SE-SBM). However, extruded-expelled soybean meal (EE-SBM) is mainly utilized in organic poultry feed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding EE-SBM to broiler chicken Ross® 308 feed formulations on carcass traits and histomorphological changes in the intestine. A to...

Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Yasir Iftikhar2, Qaiser Shakeel3*, Hafiz M. Imran Arshad4, Maria del Carmen Zuñiga Romano5 and Sarfaraz Hussain6

... for various biological processes, including growth, development, stress, embryogenesis, and resistance to RSB disease. Conventional fungicides are now being replaced with eco-friendly fungicides and biological agents, including mycoviruses that can effectively control RSB disease and minimize the hazardous effects of chemicals. Here, we summarize the disease cycle, symptoms, and effects of environmental variables on RSB disease development. Furthermore, recen...

Tariq H.Y. Al-Maliky*, Mahmood S. Hashim and Amal S. Al-Sheraa

...eptococcus spp., and Enterococcus spp. The survival rates of M. affinis during different breeding periods in the two salinities remained as follows: (93.33 ± 5.77, 9.00 ± 10.00, 83.33 ± 5.77 %) and (93.33 ± 5.77, 90.00 ± 10.00, and 86.67 ±5.77 %), respectively. The survival rates of M. nipponense during different breeding periods in the two salinities are as follows: (100 ± 0, 93.33 ± 5.77, 93.33 ±...

Ayaz Ahmed1*, Muhammad Zulfiqar1 and Saadutullah Khan2

... informal money lending process. Based on these findings this study made following recommendations. Road, communication and storage facilities should be built in the study areas. Villager’s access to information about certain NTFP price and its market should be enhanced through radio and other media. Forest department should design plan for management and sustainable extraction of NTFPs in study areas and also provide tools and trainings to local collect...

M.M. Mikailov1*, O. Yu. Chernykh2, E.A. Yanikova1, G.A. Nurlygayanova3, O.D. Sklyarov4 

...GA with brucellosis erythrocyte antigen 

...

Yuli Retnani1*, Heri Ahmad Sukria1, Indah Wijayanti1, Didid Diapari1, Muhammad Dimas Erlangga1, M Fatahillah Ibsyah1, Taryati1, Nisa Nurmilati Barkah1,3, Novia Qomariyah2,3

...with conventional feed. Processing of agricultural waste into silage and wafers can improve the performance of local sheep so that agricultural waste has great potential to be used as animal feed. 

...

O. A. Fabiyi, G. A. Olatunji and O. Atolani

...ylic acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, anhydrides, amides, mono and di substituted aromatics and long chain carbon fatty acid esters.

...

Asmaa A. Darwish*, Mona A. Mahmoud, Adel M. El-Kattan 

...gnificant (P<0.05) macrocytic hypochromic anemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, decreased A/G ratio, increased hepatic function tests, hypertriglyceridemia, increased matrix metalloproteinases activity, T/HDL/LDL-hypocholesterolemia, and decreased minerals, electrolytes, and trace elements concentrations and these changes were more prominent in goat than in sheep. While, the diseased ewes suffered from higher degrees of leukocytosis, total hyperprotei...

Rana Aamir Shehzad1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Sabir Hussain Shah2, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Imran Shehzad1 and Usman Saleem4

...nures for P release from rock phosphate by wheat. The fourteen treatments with six replicates were arranged according to completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments of the study were T1 = Recommended N, K with no P, T2 = Recommended NPK from mineral fertilizer, T3 = T1 + all P from PROM (Phosphorus rich organic manure), T4 = T1 + all P from FYM , T5 = T1 + all P from compost, T6 = T1 + all P from press mud, T7 = T1 + half P from mineral fertilizer + half P ...

Van-Thanh Vo1, Thi-Hieu Tran1, Thi-Truc-Thao Nguyen1, Van-Tri Truong1, Cu-Thien Pham1, Thanh-Minh Pham2 and Huyen Nguyen Thi Thuong1*

...s and thrombocytes, erythrocyte size) at three stages: after 15 days of adding essential oils without infection; five days after infection; and ten days after infection. In this study, fish supplemented with peppermint essential oils stimulated the body to create immunity. However, concentrations of 0.125% and 0.25% showed higher results about this ability in the presence of bacteria while the concentration of 0.5% exhibited a higher antibacterial effect of es...

Athhar Manabi Diansyah1, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2, Tulus Maulana3, Hasrin4, Abdullah Baharun5 

...t to the laboratory for processing. Parameters measured were sperm motility, abnormality, viability, acrosome integrity, and membrane integrity. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) analysis was used to assess the confirmation profile protein of seminal plasma. The conception rate from artificial insemination was used to determine the fertility rate (AI). This investigation revealed that the quality of the sperms from Bali-polled bulls and Bali-ho...

Safriyanto Dako1, Nibras Karnain Laya1, Syukri I Gubali1, Ari Ardiantoro2, V.M Ani Nurgiartiningsih3, Gatot Ciptadi3, Desinta Wulandari3, Suyadi Suyadi3*

...ly reflect the breeding process in the research area. This information will be useful for future development and maintenance of local cattle in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia.
 
Keywords | Microsatellite, Genetic diversity, Genetic relationships, Local cattle, Gorontalo
...

Syed Hilal Sardar1, Yousaf Jamal1*, Iltaf Ullah2, Abdul Basir1, Hidayat Ullah1 and Mukhtar Alam1 and Ikramullah3

Abdirahman Barre*, Karanja D Njuguna, Bebora Lilly Caroline and George Chege Gitao

...are due to inflammatory processes that can be associated with brucellosis or other zoonotic diseases. Standard biosecurity measures at slaughterhouses and farms be enhanced the control and prevention of Brucella infection to animals and human.

...

MUHAMMAD ASHFAQ*1, QURAT-UL-AIN ASGHAR1, RAHILA HAFEEZ1, AMNA ALI1, MUHAMMAD SALEEM HAIDER1, MUHAMMAD ALI1, MUHAMMAD BILAL CHATTHA1 ABDUL RASHEED1 & MUHAMMAD SAJJAD2

...rium, Deniobacter and Micrococcus were isolated from different rice varieties.
 
Key Words: Rice, seed-borne micro-flora, blotter paper, diversity
...
 
 USMAN AHMAD*1, AMTUL JAMIL SAMI1, MADEEHA KARAMAT1, MADEEHA KHALID1, FAIZAN NAEEM2 & MUHAMMAD JAMIL YOUSAF
...ment which is a painful process and can cause infections and allergy, the drug delivery through the skin cells can substitute only if the skins cells permeability for the drug is increased, which is now done by chemical, ultrasonic and electrical methods. Drug delivery through the largest organ (skin) by dermal patches of psyllium based hydrogels was observed. In this article we have fabricated different psyllium based dermal patches of hydrogels for insulin d...

Arief1, Roni Pazla2*, Rizqan1, Novirman Jamarun2 

...a waste of the palm oil processing industry and can be used as a concentrated alternative. This study aims to determine the impact of giving Tithonia diversifolia plants, cassava leaves, and palm concentrates on the milk production and quality (fat and lactose), intake, and digestibility of Etawa Crossbred Goat. The supplemented treatments were: A; control ration (60% forage (CF) + 40% concentrate (CC)), B (30% CF + 30% Tithonia diversifolia (T) + cassava leav...

Ahmed Abdel-Rady3*, Mohamed Karmi2, Menna_allah Youssef1, Aml M. Abdel-Ra’ouf1, Bahaaa Madkour1 

...d schizont and intraerythrocytic stages of Theileria annulata piroplasms inside RBCs..Polymerase chain reactions of T. annulata merozoite-piroplasm surface antigen Targeting gene: (Tams1) revealed positive 29 (58%) animals confirmed by visualization of specific bands at 768 bP. Positive results could be detected in suspected cattle that showed positive or negative blood smear results that proved the high sensitivity of PCR test compared with the conventional m...

Riko Noviadi, Dwi Desmiyeni Putri, Gusma Gama Maradon*, Agung Adi Candra, Nani Irwani, Gadis Apriani, Made Guntur Candra Adinata, I Made Krisnanda

...ens) flour with various processing techniques in broiler rations. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications, each replication consisting of 5 broilers. We designed four treatments, P1 = Sundried for 2 days + grinding, P2 = Oven dried at 50°C for 7 h + grinding, P3 = Roasting at 100 °C for 15 min + grinding, and P4 = Water scalding at 96 °C for 1 min + grinding. The proc...

Yusmarini Yusuf*, Usman Pato*, Shanti Fitriani, Emma Riftyan, Evy Rossi, Diky Arma Fauzi, Ghina Ismadiah, Miftahul Hidayah, Windy Sabiliani

...justify;">Fishballs are processed food products with high water content and are easily damaged. The addition of several types of preservatives can be used as an effort to extend the shelf life of fishballs. This study aimed to study the quality of fishballs using several preservatives following fish standards during early frozen storage. A completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications was used in this experiment to create 16 experimen...

Khitam J. Yahya*, Mohammed T. S. Al-Zubaidi

...re collected before and processed for histopathological evaluation. Improvement of tissue and the number of oocysts on the villi decreased after treatment. In comparison with G2, oocyst shedding was stopped at the end of the treatment period in both G3 and G4 without recurrence 10 days after drug withdrawal. The pre-patient periods (p.p) was 8-9 DPI. The maximum intensity was 11,000 oocysts per gram of feces. The first clinical sign was detected on 8 th DPI. T...

Imran Muhammad Siddique1, Naseem Sharif1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Mudassar Naseer1, Ammara Noreen3, Naseem Akhtar4 and Safeer ud Din5

...tion and as well as for processing industry in the international markets. Visualizing such compulsions of international markets, a systematic study was undertaken by Horticultural Research Station, Sahiwal with identification of five less seeded kinnow strains (1-6 seeds). Results depicted that less seeded kinnow strain, encoded LSKS-2, produced superior external and internal quality attributes. Average fruit weight and size outstripped other contestant strain...
Lubna Anjum Minhas, Abdul Samad Mumtaz*, Muhammad Kaleem, Rooma Waqar and Jamila Annum 
...0%. The other genera Chlorococcum, Ankistrodesmus, Coelastrum, and Closterium were (6.6%). Some genera represented only one (3.3%) species that were Chlamydomonas, Eudorina, Tetraspora, Chlorella, Westella, Pediastrum, Acutodesmus, and Stigeoclonium. Hence, the current study reveals that Gujar Khan, District Rawalpindi is a rich source of green algae and an ideal place for their cultivation.

...

Muhammad Ahsan Riaz1, Ayesha Riaz2, Muhammad Asif Mahmood3, Muhammad Uzair Mukhtar3*, Zaib Un Nisa1, Beenish Ijaz4 and Muhammad Shahid Rasool5

...gical and physiological processes, including mobility, development, and reproduction in poikilotherms. Due to the medical importance of Aedes aegypti as a vector of several medically important pathogens, evaluating the body length variation of Aedes aegypti larvae with the changing seasonal temperature is important. The study was conducted to observe the difference in body size and different body structures of Ae. aegypti larvae in two seasons, i.e., southwest...

M. A. Amer1; M. H. El-Hammady2; H. M. Mazyad1; A. A. Shalabyl and F. M. Abo-El-abbas

...ern blotting assay on nitrocellulose membrane using monoclonal antibodies verified that the PVY-CP gene correctly encoded and expressed a protein reacting with PVY antibodies. The CP gene, approximately 32 KDa reacted successfully with P VY specific monoclonal antibodies in dot blot immunobinding assay (DIBA) as well as in western blot assay. The nucleotide sequence of the Egyptian isolate of PVY CP gene was determined to be 801 nucleotides in length encoding ...

A.S. Gamal El din1; Sohair I. El-Afifi2; A. S. Sadik 2; Nashwa M. A. Abd El-Mohsen1; and H. M. Abdelmaksoud1

...on after transformation process in E. coli. (2) Isolation of plasmid DNA. then used restriction enzymes Bam HI and Bgl II to identify clones containing inserts. To confirm the fragment inserted of CP gene sequence. PCR was performed using specific primers for PVYN CP gene. (3) The gene expression was performed using 100 µM IPTG & 2 µM biotin and incubation for 4h / 37 oC to produce biotinylated protein for E. coli with Mr 22.5 KDa and fusion pr...

Om-Hashem M. El Banaa l, A.A. Abou Zeid2, Fawzia I. Moursy3 and Azza, G. Farag

...on the sequence of the Morocco strains of S. citri Saglio (R8A2HP and G113) were used. Two pairs of primers SC. SC’ and SC8. SC9 were used. PCR fragment of correct size 330bp was amplified with primers SC. SC expressing spiralin gene and 760bp was amplified with primers SC8, SC9 for recA gene. No amplified products were obtained from samples of healthy citrus trees. Nucleic acid hybridization using non-radioactive DNA probes through southern blot hybridi...

Sahar. A. Shoman1 and B. A. Othman2

...text-align: justify;">A procedure involving reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with availability of the database sequences (GenBank) provided a sensitive method for the detection or Tobacco mosaic virus- Egyptian strain (TMV-E). Total RNA extract of infected plant and RNA of purified TMV particles were subjected in this method with four degenerate and undegenerate primers. The primer pairs generated two specific PCR fragments ...

M.A.S. El-Kady1, Om-Hashem M. El-Banna 2, E.A Salama2, Salwa N. Zein1

...stify;">Three different procedures of purification were performed to purify a local isolate Of Barley stripe mosaic Hordevirus (BSMV). The 1st procedure was successful in producing relatively high yield of virus preparation 3.7 mg/100 g of barley leaves with adequate purity and one light-scattering zone was round in sucrose density-gradient column. The 2nd and 3rd procedures yielded aggreg...

A. S. Gamal El din1; Sohair I. El-Afifi2; A. S. Sadik2; Nashwa M. A. Abd El Mohsen1; and H. M. Abdelmaksoud1

Asim Faraz1*, Nasir Ali Tauqir2, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Muhammad Arslan Akbar3, Muhammad Abubakar Sufyan1, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Usman Saleem4, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel5, Morteza Bitaraf Sani6, Amal AlKharusi7, Samira Jebahi8 and Ayman Balla Mustafa9

... the stage of lactation proceed. The results showed that physiological condition like the lactation stage and pregnancy has great significant effects on milk composition and yield. 
 
Novelty Statement | Camel is a chief source of food security especially for the arid and semi-arid areas of Pakistan, where the pastorals mainly rely on this natural resource for their food and day to day activities. ...

Muhammad Ismail1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2, Zarina Qasim3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*

...ide range of fruits. Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel is an emerging threat to the export of Pakistani citrus fruits to overseas markets. Integrated pest management (IPM) is an appropriate and sustainable strategy for controlling fruit flies as it is based on integrated application of all available pest control methods with minimum implication of hazardous synthetic insecticides. In this study, five treatments including field sanitation (T1), pheromone-based attract...

Chun Shi, Juanjuan Guo, Meng Li, Qi Yang and Jingang Li*

... artificial hibernation process and short awakening hibernation, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant alpha diversity during the four periods; however, the beta diversity was different, especially in the awakening period. These differences in beta diversity may be due to the significantly increased abundance of 11 kinds of bacteria, including Anoxybacillus, Geobacillus, Klebsiella, Thermus, and Acinetobacter (P<0.05), and the signi...

Rafik Soliman1*, Rafik H. Sayed2, Hanan Mahmoud3, Heidy Abo El-Yazeed1, Marsell Saad1, Shaimaa Abdelall Elsaady2, Khalid Sh3 

... were recorded. No case proceeds to clinical mastitis for an observation period of 20 weeks. These finding showed that the prepared vaccine is potent and able to protect cow against mastitis and able to reduce the disease severity in infected cows.  

...

Saad Zaghlou El-Damrawy1, Reda Ali Hassan2*, Ahmed Maher Bakhaty1, Adel M. Nasr2, El-Sayed A. Abu El-Hassan2  

...ease in their total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit levels (HCT), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), as well as lymphocyte %, neutrophil %, and monocyte %. All the indicators, including feed intake, body weight gain, haematological tests, and serum biochemical tests, were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced by ...

Seharish Munawar and Nuzhat Afsar*

...e globe. Specimens were procured for a period of February 2019 to October 2021 in different intervals from the four selected sites along the Pakistan coast. Imposex was recorded only in the specimens of Gadani. The intensity of Imposex determination was based on the presence of and psudopenis and VDS (vas deferens sequence) in imposex female individuals. Imposex remained promising onlyat Gadani where imposex intensity was found 100% in females as when compared...

Muhammad Asim Bhutta1,2*, Amna Bibi2, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Sadia Kanwal2, Zarmeena Amjad1, Hafeez ur Rehman3, Umar Farooq3, Muhammad Nouman Khalid4 and Syeda Fiza Nayab5

...: justify;">Through the process of electron transport along a series of redox processes, sunlight energy is transformed into chemical energy that is then stored during photosynthesis. Photoinhibition is a significant and extremely complex phenomenon, which is basically light-induced damage to the photosynthetic machinery that principally affects the Photosystem II complex and leads to less photosynthetic productivity. A ligh...

Rahma Boukarine*, Leila Hamdi and Kamel Khelili

...ion of this solvent with rocket aqueous extract (Eruca sativa) attenuated this toxicity thanks to its antioxidant property.

...

Meng Wang, Dongliang Zhou, Huixia Li, Chunqin Wu,Yan Zhao and Houqiang Luo*

...eplaceable role in this process. Up to now, at least 11 kinds of secretion systems are involved in the pathogenesis role of bacteria, especially the formation of bacterial resistance. Therefore, the study of the bacterial secretion system is of great significance for antibiotic treatment of bacterial diseases. Most of the secretion systems identified so far are found in Gram-negative bacteria. There are a few secretion systems in Gram-positive bacteria, such a...

Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Kashif Afzal2, Muhammad Luqman1*, Tahir Munir Butt3, Muhammad Yaseen1 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1

...gh a purposive sampling procedure by using Morgan and Krejcie table as the total population (Olive growers in the targeted research areas) is 1500. Data were collected through a face to face interviews with the help of an interview schedule. The SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and MS. Office software were considered for analysis. According to the results, about 51% of the respondents in the study belonged to old age (above 45) and about 53.2% of...

Sukandi Sukandi1,4, Djoni Prawira Rahardja2*, Herry Sonjaya2, Hasbi Hasbi2, Sudirman Baco2, Sri Gustina3, Kirana Dara Dinanti Adiputra1

...atological profile (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and leukocytes). Body physiological and hematological data were analyzed using factorial analysis to compare Bali cattle (horned and polled) and the time factor of measurement (morning and afternoon), followed by Duncan’s test. The results showed that horned and polled Bali cattle were significantly (P<0.05) different in rectal temperature, erythrocytic count...

Edwin Ormachea V1,2*, Bilo Calsin C1,2, Eyner Aguilar S3, Buenaventura Ormachea V4, Henry Gonzales C1, Yecenia M. Masias G5

...us perimeter. Data were processed using R statistical software. The correlation of the main morphological characteristics were significant and high. Age significantly influences morphological characteristics, showing high correlations between characters. Two principal components were obtained for sheep morphological characteristics that were evaluated according to Kaiser’s criteria, PCA 1 and PCA 2 had high values for variables related to body size and b...

Munasik*, Titin Widiyastuti, Caribu Hadi Prayitno

...during the fermentation process. The research used a completely randomized factorial design, where two factors were considered: the addition level of Na-glutamate (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%), and the addition level of red oncom mushrooms (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). Each treatment was repeated twice, followed by an orthogonal polynomial test. The variables observed were nutrient contents, including moisture, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, NFE, calcium and phos...

Imran Ahmad

...low concentrations of microcrystalline invert sugar (MIS) improve the perception of a better mouthfeel when added to tropical fruit and vegetable purees. The study evaluated sensory (organoleptic) attributes corresponding to the textural qualities measured by a texture analyzer. A commercial MIS (size ≤ 40 microns) was added to the puree of five arbitrarily selected fruits (strawberry, banana, and apple) and vegetables (beetroot and carrot) at three differe...

Ahamed Mohamed Korayem, Moawad Mohamed Mohamed* and Mohamed and Mostafa Mohamed Attia Hamman

...ples were collected and processed for identification of root-knot nematode species. Data revealed the presence of three root-knot nematode species, they were Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria. The former species was the most frequent (58.8%) followed by M. javanica (31.9%) and M. arenaria (9.4%). Six Egyptian soybean cultivars; Giza-21, Giza-22, Giza-35, Giza-82, Giza-83 and Giza-111 were evaluated for their resistance to M. incognita. Data in...

Nawfal Hammadi Jasim1, Yasmeen Jassim Mohammed2 , Jala Amir Salman Alahmed1, Majdy Faisal Majeed3* 

...er is Methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) or Retalin (the commercial name) . Objective: The effects of MPH on adult male rats have been evaluated in this study. Materials and methods: receiving an oral dose (2 daily MPH doses), represented by Group 1 (5 mg/kg/day in a 5% glucose solution), Group 2 received daily dosages of methylphenidate in escalating amounts (5, 8, 12, and 16 mg/kg/day in a 5% of sucrose solution), as well as Group 3 as control animals ( 5%...

Muhammad Mukhtar1*, Lely Ummi Wakhidah2,Mohammad Zubair Hippy3 

...are, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threat) analysis. The result of this study indicate that beef cattle are livestock that have regional advantages (base sector) and are a progressive sector in the development of beef cattle in Gorontalo because they can be a catalytic factor in regional economic development and meeting people’s needs for meat and various sources of protein. Thus it is necessary to add a st...

Pawinee Kingkan1, Thanathip Supcharoenkul1, Chaowit Rakangthong1, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak1, Komwit Surachat2,3, Wiriya Loongyai1* 

...imes; Landrace × Duroc) were randomly allocated to two treatments: a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of amoxicillin and colistin (Amox-Co) and a basal diet supplemented with amoxicillin and 1 g/kg of a bacteriophage cocktail (Amox-Phage). Each treatment consisted of eight replicate pens, with 50 pigs per replicate. Average daily gain (ADG) and the FCR did not differ between the groups. The Amox-Phage group showed greater resistance to diarrhoea co...

Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Monday Eneojo Akor1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Zainab Penninah Ochada1, Ugbane Eleojo Okolo2, Benjamin Mudi Idache3, Andrew Isiramen4, Julius Akor Omatola5 and Moses Adaji David6

...cted from each patient, processed, and examined using Xpert® MTB/RIF Assay Version 4. The prevalence of HIV/TB was found to be 6 (1.85%). Infection was more prevalent in the age group 26-35 years (3.92%) and among the females (83%) than their counterpart males (17%). Co-infection was found only among the married (2.43%). A higher prevalence (1.89%) was found in patients from monogamous families (2.41%) and in patients residing in rural areas compared to ur...

Winda Sartika1*, Budi Hartono2, Hari Dwi Utami2, Lilik Eka Radiati2 

...etailers to the rendang processing industry. The rendang industry’s beef price is IDR 115,000.00-IDR 120,000.00 per kilogram, about 7.5% lower than the price for household consumers, IDR 130,000.00 per kilogram. The most efficient marketing channel comprises farmers, collectors, and final consumers, with a marketing efficiency value of 0.94 %. Marketing collaboration and active supply chain institutions involved in the supply of raw materials for the ren...

Thekra Fadel Saleh, Omar Younis Altaey*

...a moschata) were fixed, processed, sectioned, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin as well as Periodic Acid Schiff: Alcian blue pH 2.5 and toluidine blue stains for histochemical analysis. Dissecting microscope measurements and histological measures were taken, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate B lymphocyte distribution. The study found that in Muscovy ducks, the left caecum was longer and heavier than the right caecum, and the proxi...

Peng Xu1, Yankuo Li2*, Shusong Zhang1 and Bin Liu3

...es than other habitats. Crocidura Dracula, Micromys minutus, Lepus sinensis, A. agrarius, Rattus nitidu, Tamiops swinhoei and R. norvegicus were each trapped in only one habitat. Among habitats, bamboo planting areas showed the highest diversity index and richness index of rodent community, while farmland harbored the highest dominance index and lowest diversity index. Rodent communities were classified into three categories, namely meadow type, forest type, a...

Fakhra Nazir1*, Sahar Fazal1 and Fakhar-i-Abbas2

...amples as five species (Urocissa flavirostris, Dendrocitta vagabunda, Corvus splendens, Corvus corax and Corvus macrorhynchos) from three genera of family Corvidae. The nucleotide sequences were submitted to the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) and the eligible sequences were assigned the Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). The COI gene sequence data of 8 species of family Corvidae were retrieved from GenBank (NCBI) database and...
Nasir Ali Tauqir1*, Asim Faraz2, Abdul Waheed2, Ayman Balla Mustafa3, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh4, Michela Pugliese5 and Shahid Nazir6
...n according to standard procedures. Nutrient intake, nutrient digestion, nitrogen balance, milk production, milk fat, total solids in milk and solid not fat did not show any treatment effect. However, milk protein percentage was the highest (3.42% and 3.41%) in buffaloes fed diets containing 35 and 25 g/d methionine followed by (3.26% and 3.17%) those fed 15 g of methionine and control diets, respectively. Milk protein percentage was found to be sensitive to m...

Suleman Irfan1*, Masood Rabbani1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Sehrish Firyal2 and Arfat Yousaf Shaheen1

...hops, super markets and processed meat were 5.70, 4.65 and 3.60, respectively and significant (p < 0.05) results were obtained. The mean log values of total coliform counts in meat samples were 2.7, 2.31 and 2.11, respectively. E. coli was predominant 73% in coliform count of all samples. Salmonella was found in 3.75% of samples in which retail poultry shops showed 10%, supermarkets showed 10%. While, processed meat was f...

Hamdi Mayulu1*, Endang Sawitri2

...he thermal fermentation process which comprises incubation at controlled temperature and humidity for several weeks. During this process, browning and non-enzymatic reactions alter the taste, aroma, physicochemical properties, and organoleptic and bioactive compounds in garlic. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the phytochemical potential and antioxidant capacity of black garlic as a livestock feed additive. The Foli...

Chang-Man Kim1, Sam-Churl Kim2 , Young-Ho Joo2, In-Hag Choi3*

...ig slurry, as well as microclimatic temperature variations and pig eye conditions in pig indoor facilities during storage. A total of 360 crossbred fattening pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc]) with an average body weight of 60.5 ± 1.21 kg, were randomly divided into nine-floor pens (40 pigs/pen) in a single facility for a month. Aluminum chloride was added weekly to pig slurry pits (3.5×9.0×...

Rameez Raja Kaleri1,2*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri1, Raza Ali Mangi3, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptan4, Sana Noor5, Zainab Lanjar6, Hubdar Ali Kolachi7 Abdul Wahid Solangi1 and Sheva Dari1

...yzed using the standard procedure of analysis of variance. The results showed that the average birth weight of both Rakhshani and Harnai breeds was 3.17 ± 0.61 and 2.91 ± 0.51, respectively. The average weaning weight was also higher for Rakhshani than Harnai, with 15.21 ± 2.43 and 14.37 ± 1.27, respectively. The average body weight at 6 months and 12 months was also higher for the Rakhshani breed. The results showed a statistically...

Munir Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Riaz Hussain2* and Rifat Ullah Khan3*

...phocyte, hemoglobin erythrocyte and monocyte counts, was considerably (p < 0.05) lower. The final results on the serum biochemical parameters showed significantly (p < .05) higher concentrations of liver biochemical profile, biomarkers of kidneys, triglyceride, glucose, and cholesterol in fish treated with pesticide. Histopathological examination showed renal tubular degeneration, widening of Bowman’s space and necrosis in kidneys. Different histop...

Falah Mahmood Hameed1*, Asaad Khalaf Talal AL-Shuwaili2, Eman Jawad Jabber3, Mayada Sahib Hassan1  

... of 5 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride, 35 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride, and 1 mg/kg diazepam were carried out. Based on the sort of treatment applied, these animals were allocated into three groups (A, B, and C). Chitosan powder was applied locally to wounds in group (A), as well as administered orally in group (B), and the wounds were left untreated in group (C) as a standard group. Each group was split into four subgroups, e...

Khalid Mahmood1*, Arslan Lodhi1, Muhammad Asim2, Muhammad Adeeb Babar3 and Muhammad Akbar Khan1 

...lternating fine detritic rocks of various colours: pale yellow to orange, brown, reddish-brown mudstone and subordinate lightened white grey. This formation is rich in artiodactyl faunal material, especially specimens that belonged to taxa of the family Bovidae. The specimens studied in this paper are represented by upper and lower jugal teeth. Following morphological analysis, measurements, and comparison to previously described fossils, these specimens are a...

Yufang Liu1,2, Guiling Cao3, Yujing Xie3 and Mingxing Chu1*

...sion, and transcription process. Pathway analysis in KEGG pathway database of the known genes revealed that the five pathways that most differentially expressed genes involving: GnRH signaling pathway, oxytocin signaling pathway, melanogenesis, thyroid hormone synthesis, and insulin secretion. Online tool was used to predict the function of DEGs, the results showed that the CYP11A1 gene might regulate the GDF9 and other prolificacy-associated markers in ovary ...

Yajuan Zheng, Qiuping Mo, Hongchao Tang, Qinghui Zheng and Dandan Guan*

... IQGAP1 phosphorylation process by linking to IQGAP1 through its own C-terminus. This study proved that LGR5, which is highly expressed in breast cancer cells, interacts with IQGAP1 through its C-terminal end, reducing the phosphorylation ratio of IQGAP1, thereby improving the viability, migration and invasion ability of breast cancer cells, and ultimately increasing the malignant transformation rate of breast cancer.

...

Skenndri Safae1*, Charrat Nadia2, Jmiai Mehdi3, Nassik Saadia1 

...going of a regenerative process, contrarily to the farms of the D and G groups, in which the guts still underwent inflammation on day 35. Coccidiosis infection was heavily widespread on birds at day 35. Differences between the farm in D and P groups weren’t striking as the disease was detected on the intestinal portions of almost all the broilers of the farms belonging to those categories. Adversely to the G group in which coccidiosis was mostly detected...

Chairdin Dwi Nugraha1, Rafika Febriani Putri1, Ari Ardiantoro2, Wike Andre Septian1, Ahmad Furqon3, Kuswati Kuswati1, Nashi Widodo4, Suyadi Suyadi1* 

...he cooling and freezing process, and especially significant changes are seen after freezing than after cooling. This research analyzed the effect of genistein supplementation in the basic diluent of tris-aminomethane on the quality of spermatozoa. Bulls aged 3–4 years used in this research. This research used an experimental method to examine the effect of genistein levels in the diluent on the characteristics of spermatozoa during pre-freezing at 4&ndas...

Dina A. Yousif, Mohamed M.T. Emara, Marwa R.S. Abdallah*  

...er moist or dry thermal processing. The fatty acid profile, pH value, objective color indexes, sensory characteristics, and marinade uptake were all measured in the raw mutton samples. Additionally, the cooked samples were examined for cooking loss, fatty acid composition, shear force, instrumental color parameters, and sensory analysis. The use of both extracts improved the overall sensory attributes, eliminated the unfavorable mutton flavor, improved the fat...

Siswanto Imam Santoso*, Agus Setiadi, Wahyu Dyah Prastiwi 

...ooked rice, trash fish, processing, business pattern, marketing, technology, and production; the endogenous variable was sustainability. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using TETRAD-IV software was employed to establish the analytical model. The results show that duck farming is sustainable regarding social, economic, and environmental aspects. Medical and technological factors significantly affect production. Social factors, egg pr...

Abdulaziz A. Alaqil*

...he general linear model procedure with one-way analysis of variance (GLM-ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the BT, H/L ratio, MDA, and CORT, and over-expression of HSP70 in the hens of LPS group. Also, significant (P<0.05) impairments were perceived in the feed consumption and conversion, and in the egg weight and production rates. In contrast, the elevated stress markers and HSP70 expression ...

Desi Kurniati Agustina1,3, Suyadi Suyadi2*, Veronica Margaretha Ani Nugiartiningsih2, Kuswati Kuswati2 

...lysis of variance using Proc Mixed with general linear model (GLM) using SAS studio for academics Online Edition. This study showed the Haematological profile and leucocyte differentiation of male and female Madura cattle of different ages were generally similar to their crossbred Limura cattle and within the normal range. In conclusion, Madura cattle tend to be more adaptive or responsive to various exposure factors as indicated by higher eryth

Abdur Rauf1*, Farooq Jan1, Muhammad Qayash2, Zia-ul-Islam3, Rizwanullah1, Ikramullah Khan1, Muhammad Shuaib4, Muhammad Khalid5 and Samrin Gul6

... pathogenic bacteria (Micrococcus luteus, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and two fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger) were examined. The above-mentioned various ethanolic crude extracts of H. eichwaldii revealed the highest potential (15.82±0.40), (18.12±0.56), and (17.41±0.51) against S. aureus, a moderate activity (13.31±0.64), (15.43±0.52), (14.35±0.64), (11.34±0.50), (13.47&pl...
Umer Farooq1,2, Nimra Murtaza2, Abubakar Siddique1, Bilal Saleem1, Obaid Ur Rehman1, Nageen Zahra1, Muhammad Uzair1, Muhammad Naeem Riaz1,3* and Muhammad Ramzan Khan1*
...in different biological processes including developmental, signaling, transport, metabolic and homeostasis. These findings are useful resource for further exploration into the molecular processes associated with these variances.

...

Dede Kardaya*, Deden Sudrajat, Dewi Wahyuni 

...eed with urea which was processed with slow-release technology to avoid urea poisoning. Slow-release urea-impregnated zeolite (UZ) and Indonesia’s natural zeolite (Z) were examined using 24 heads of seven-eight months old of local male lambs (20.12 ± 2.1 kg BW) allotted to four treatments in a randomized group design to determine how it affects lamb performances. The treatments were rations containing no urea (NU), urea (U), zeolite (Z), and urea-...

Sarfraz Ahmad1, Mian Anjum Murtaza1,* and Kashif Akram1,2

...prospects of selected hydrocolloids to enhance the quality and functionality of low fat Mozzarella cheese from buffalo milk. Two hydrocolloids i.e. inulin (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) and resistant starch (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) were added in Mozzarella cheese making from low fat milk (2% fat). The positive (4% milk fat) and negative (2% milk fat) control samples were also prepared for comparison. The Mozzarella cheese samples were analyz...

Sumbul Zulfiqar and A.G. Rizwana*

... coast, Kemari, further processed in parasitology lab, University of Karachi. Ovaries were inspected to observe presence of Philometra sp. and other parasites too. In a year, from February 2021 till January 2022, 120 samples of Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch, 1793) were examined out of which only 25 fishes were found to be infected. From Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch, 1793) two new gonad infectingPhilometra sp. were identified as Philometra pakistanii and Philometra ...

Farha Deba1, Rubina Nelofer2 and Muhammad Irfan1*

...of various conventional procedures that are expensive and not ecologically friendly.
 
Novelty Statement | The study reports proteolytic/keratinolytic bacteria for the first time from abattoir  region. 
...

Selvaraj Thanga Malathi¹, Venkatraman Anuradha1*, Mohamed Yacoob Syed Ali2, Muhameed Sajjad Sarwar3, Nagarajan Yogananth2

...own the basic metabolic processes that eventually ends in disturbing the marine ecosystem. The current research work deals with observed alteration in the thyroid metabolism (causes hypothyroidism) and morphological (histology) changes occurred in fish species (selected organism– Channa punctatus and Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to sublethal concentration of Lithium [30%] for a chronic period of 60 days. The levels of FT3, FT4 and TSH tested were signi...

Dajun Su1, Tao Deng2* and Mingshui Xie2

...ing to the experimental procedures, and were transfected negative, respectively. The expressions of lncRNALOXL1-AS1 and miR-761 in ovarian cancer cells were measured by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR). LncRNALOXL1-AS1 targeting miR-761 was detected by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. CCK8 and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells in each group. Compared with normal ovarian epithelial cell FTE187, th...

Lianci He1, Dingxi Bai2, Chenxi Wu2, Yizhu Zhong2, Shi Chen2, Xinru Bao2, Jing Gao2*, Chaoming Hou2*

...p (SXC-M), fluoxetine hydrochloride group (influenza group, FLU) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) group. In addition to the CON group, the remaining five groups established CFS rat models through forced swimming test and chronic restraint stress. After 28 days, the three groups received different concentrations of SXC (1.62 g/ml, 0.81 g/ml and 0.41 g/ml), FLU group received 0.21 mg/ml fluoxetine. CFS group and CON group received the same volume of normal sal...

Jie Wang1, Di Fang1, Jianqing Zhao1, Fei Huang2, Bo Liu2, Weikun Tao2, Baoshan Cui2 and Qinghua Gao1,2,3*

...ly enriched in cellular process “,” biological regulation “and metabolic process” during biological processes. Moreover, KEGG analysis showed that the most abundant pathways were oxidative phosphorylation and Wnt signaling pathway”,”MAPK signaling pathway “,” Regulation of actin cytoskeleton “and VEGF signaling pathway”. To conclu...

Yingying Ye1, Chengrui Yan1, Kaida Xu2, Jiji Li1, Jing Miao1, Zhenming Lü1 and Baoying Guo1*

...ting from an enrichment process based on the Wenzhou population. Eight out of nine microsatellite loci were used to analyze population genetic diversity of cuttlefish in China Sea. The results showed high levels of genetic diversity in all populations with highest mean number of alleles and mean effective alleles estimated in population Ningde and lowest in Qingdao. Heterozygosity at species level was high and Fst ranged between 0.105 and 0.271, overall, witho...

Ghulam Sarwar Channa1*, Abdul Razak Mahar1, Inayatullah Rajpar2, Abdul Aziz Mirani3, Saleem Maseeh Bhatti2, Muneer Ali Bhagat1 and Wazir Ali Maitlo

Ni Putu Sarini1*, I Gde Suranjaya1, I Gusti Agung Arta Putra1, I Wayan Suarna1, Lindawati Doloksaribu1, I Ketut Puja2, I Ketut Gde Natakesuma3, I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Rai Mulyawan4 

...ole in the pigmentation process and its variations are associated with differences in the skin and coat colors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the genetic variations of the MC1R gene in 10 Bali cattle reared in Bali Province which have aberrant color patterns. Blood samples were taken from the 10 Bali cattle consisting of three having normal coat color patterns, three albino, two injin, and two poleng. The blood samples were extracted using a com...

Afifatul H.A. Adilah1, Junun Sartohadi2* and Suci Handayani1

...ry. The data collection process began with a study of the landscape of the research area which was divided into three zones, namely residual, erosion, and deposition. In each zone, coconut and Mahogany plants were selected with the ideal morphology for measurement of interception, throughfall, and stemflow during rain events. Soil sampling under the plant canopy was used to measure texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity, macro pores, initial soil mo...

Ertika Fitri Lisnanti1,4, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari2*, Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah3, Mohammad Anam Al Arif2, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi4,5 

...mber of leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, types of leukocytes and blood glucose levels in broilers. The addition of different of Marsh fleabane leaves water extract in the feed had a significant effect on the levels of Hb, leukocytes and erythrocytes were within the normal range while all blood glucose was in a normal state apart from P4 (decrease), poss...

Satya Fahriani1, Hadri Latif2*, Herwin Pisestyani2, Zhang Shuqi3, Suyanto Chen3

...ter undergoing a retort process. The samples were 24 raw uncleaned white EBN from 4 swiftlet farmhouses (SFHs) collected using purposive sampling. Two SFH from Sanggau District, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Two SFH from Pekanbaru City, Riau, Indonesia. 12 pieces of samples were not heated, while the other 12 pieces were heated at retort temperature. The sample’s nitrite level was measured using a spectrophotometer, while the rehydration capacity ...

Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan and Abdul Rauf Shakoori*

... mediating inflammatory process using online databases. Next, we identified the interacting partners of the significantly differentially expressed TFs out of the selected ones, and the mRNA expression changes were studied for both the differentially expressed TF along with its interacting partners. Finally, we explored the expression of these genes from some online available RNA-seq datasets for brain tissue, neurons, microglia and ast...

Ramanathan Baluchamy* and Gnanamani Radhakrishnan

...f the soil. Our field microcosm study included population density and estimation biochemical compounds. Considering the data on the occurrence of millipedes, two sites were identified at study area as Site I (with millipede occurrence) and Site II (without millipedes). The soil samples from both sites were subjected for the analysis of biochemical compounds such as organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium. The site which is occupied by milli...

Gang Liu*, Na Xu, Zhizhong Gong and Jiahui Feng

...basidium, Tomentella, Paurocotylis, Tuber, Podospora and Mortierella were the core fungal genera among the geese from both lakes. Nine potentially pathogenic species were identified across all samples, and the relative abundances of potential pathogens were significantly higher in the Shengjin Lake samples than in the Caizi Lake samples. These findings suggest that the gut fungi were highly sensitive to the diets of the geese at both lakes. Potential pathogeni...

Irtaza Hussain1, Muti ur Rehman Khan1*, Asim Aslam1, Masood Rabbani2 and Ahsan Anjum1

...y positive samples were processed through PCR for confirmation using scab samples by identifying the GIF/IL-2 gene. This study found an overall 13.2% seroprevalence of contagious ecthyma infection, indicating a higher percentage in goats (14.6%) than in sheep (7.7%). In goats, the significant association (P<0.0001) of contagious ecthyma infection with seroprevalence was found in 4 districts; however, contagious ecthyma antibodies titers were found positive ...

Sherein H. Mohamed1, Soad El Naggar2*, Ayman A. Hassan3, Mohamed A.M. Mousa3, Mohamed M. Basyony3, Mohamed F. Sadek3, Mohamed A. A. Ahmed4, Saadia M. Hashem5 

...lostridium spp., and Enterococcus spp., total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride compared to the control group. Also, these extracts had positive effects (P<0.05) on the rabbit meat nutritional compounds, and decrease meat fat content, thiobarbituric acid and increased antioxidant activity.  It was concluded that these extracts as a natural biologically active substance improved growth performance, feed dig...

Imbang Dwi Rahayu1, Ali Mahmud1*, Wahyu Widodo1, Adi Sutanto1, Apriliana Devi Anggraini1, Devi Dwi Siskawardani2, Wisnu Nurcahyo3, Tri Untari3

...lesterol, HDL, AST, erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, PCV value, and hemoglobin level). On the other hand, the 2% herb addition could maintain the normal levels of albumin and ALT. 
 
Keywords | Blood Biochemistry, Serum Protein Profiles, Serum Fat Profiles
...

Reza Esmaealzade Dizaji1, Arasb Dabbagh Moghaddam1*, Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi2, Mohamad Foad Heydari3, Seyyed Javad Hosseini Shokouh4 and Ana Shirzad Shahrivar5

...t wound and the healing process’ sub-streaming molecular route for re-epithelialization. Model (deep second-degree thermal wound), PRP, and PRP/BNF groups were each randomly assigned a set of animals. Wounds were monitored daily for many days following therapy to see how they were healing. H&E staining and qRT-PCR were used to examine the pathological alterations in wound tissues and to determine mRNA expression of inflammatory and pro-inflammatory c...

Bushra Allah Rakha1*, Farah Qayyum1, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari2, Ali Akhter1, Komal Shakeel1, Javeria Batool1, Faryal Akhtar1 and Sehrish Hina1

...75%), kronda (Carissa macrocarpa; 2.5%) and mallah (Zizyphus nummularia; 2.5%). Clutch size in white-cheeked bulbul ranged from 1 to 5 eggs with mean clutch size of 2.6 eggs. Maximum percentage of nests (30.2%) had clutch size of 2 and 3 eggs. The overall hatching success in active nests was 61.7% and fledging success was 67.6%. During month of May, maximum number of eggs and nestlings were recorded while no breeding activity was recorded during month of Febru...

Jameel-ur-Rehman1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Ahmad Ali Moryani1, Riaz Ahmed Leghari1, Abdullah Sethar2, Ali Raza Nizamani3, Abdul Ahad Soomro3, Kanwar Kumar Malhi1 

...akhi). The samples were processed for isolation of bacterial organisms using conventional culture method and isolates were tested for antimicrobial sensitivity according to CLSI method. According to results, the prevalence of bacterial organisms was high (p < 0.05) in CC than CM and LR. E.coli were the most common organism in market and pond fish samples with occurrence of 86.6% and 66.6% respectively. Next most prevalent pathogens were Salmonella spp. (78....

Peter Amuguni Mbato*, Wanzila Usyu Mutinda, Noah Kipkoech Maritim, Nicholas Edwin Odongo 

...d at 8 weeks of age and processed for culture and sensitivity. Relative risk analysis (RR) was used to determine the association between confinement as a risk factor and bacterial infection. Birds in the FRPS had lower body weights that probably results less pressure on their skeleton. Treatment D birds had severe foot pad lesions (P < 0.05) compared to the other treatments at weeks 6, 7 and 8 and the severity decreased with increasing duration of FRPS. Com...
Sri Rahayu*, Muhaimin Rifa’i and Widodo 
...vate various biological processes in the follicle, including the bone morphogenetic protein pathway, SMAD protein signaling, and the regulation of progesterone secretion. We concluded that GDF9 is important for female gonad development, ovulation cycle mechanisms, ovarian follicle growth, and female fertility.

...

Tahir Rasool Qamar1, Sanaullah Iqbal1*, Muhammad Nasir1 and Habib-ur- Rehman2

...2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH) at dose of 40 mg/kg body weight, twice a week for 2 weeks. After DHM injections, chicory powder treatments were started to group G3 as well and group G2 was DHM control group receiving only basal diet while G1 was normal control group. The amount of chicory roots powder given was 5% w/w mixed in basal diet. It was observed that group G4 showed better results overall. Enzymatic activities of pathogenic bacteria were low...
Misbah Ammanat1, Abdul Qadir1, Zulfiqar Ali2*, Rida Ahmad2,3, Usman Ahmad1, Irfan Zainab2 and Aliza Batool2,3
...d Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) and Carrion Crow (Corvis corone) with relative abundance 9.36, 6.58 and 5.73 respectively. Out of 215 species, 27 are collision-prone based on published reports or morphology. Natural birds and migratory sub-routes in the study area highlight the study’s significance. Researchers might benefit from this research for similar studies in future developmental projects.

...

Yang Pan1,2, Yang Huang3, Guo-hai Wang4* and Qi-hai Zhou3*

...red-billed blue magpie (Urocissa erythrorhyncha) were the main seed dispersers. The number of seeds removed increased with bird foraging frequency, and seed dispersal distance increased with bird body and tail lengths. Our results highlight the importance of bird functional traits in seed dispersal patterns of C. japonica, which should be considered for tree management.

...

Sajida Batool, Iqra Ashraf, Shafaat Yar Khan, Sitara Shameem* and Breha Kazmi

...n: justify;">Calotropis procera has been used in the traditional medicinal system for treating various diseases because of its phytochemical composition. In the present study, the methanolic leaf extract of C. procera was investigated for its immunomodulatory potential in vitro using T-lymphocytes. Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) st https://researcherslinks.com/journals imulated T-lymphocytes were treated with extract of C. p

Fahad A. Al-Abbasi1*, Abdullah Samer Habib1, Vikas Kumar2 and Firoz Anwar1

... directly involved with processing, handling from various departments without any prior disease were selected for blood profiling. Significant increase in S. aureus colonies were observed in fish samples compared to chicken in the month of September and October, 2017 and in fish and chicken meat from December, 2017 to June, 2018. In all samples TPC was more or less same for fish and chicken. E. coli was non traceable in any of the analyzed samples. Uniform pat...

Muhammad Hasnain1*, Ghulam Mustafa2, Asif-ur-Rehman3, Ali Raza4, Abrar Ahmad4, Taj Muhammad4, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid4, Umair Faheem5, Muhammad Shahid4, Muhammad Akram4 and Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5

... majority of biological processes, enhanced quantity and export quality should be utilized. 

...

Ayoola J. Shoyombo1, Ake A. Moses1, Comfort I. Ukim2, Mustapha A. Popoola2, Olayinka O. Alabi1, Noah C. Edozie1, Faith Ogbor1, Jacob Kuusu1, Ekemini M. Okon3* 

...thus, proper management procedures must be designed to capitalize on these findings for profitability.
 

...

Syed Nouman Shah1, Anees Ur Rahman1, Abdul Kabir1,2*, Midrar Ullah3, Shahab Ahmad Nawaz1, Muhammad Said1, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Maaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Sadiq1

...ents and optimized feed processing techniques can reduce mycotoxin levels in silage and their negative impacts on livestock. We conclude that a comprehensive understanding of mycotoxins in silage and the implementation of effective management strategies are essential for sustainable livestock production. Future research should focus on developing alternative and sustainable feed sources, precision livestock farming techniques, genetic selection for resilience ...

Abnet Mekonnen1*, Kadir Abderehman1 and Feti Seyaka2

...esthetic agents include procaine, lidocaine and bupivacaine. Understanding the pharmacology of local anesthetics enables the anesthetists to predict the potency, speed of onset, duration of action and safety of a specific drug in a given clinical situation. A local anaesthetic disrupts ion channel function within the neuron cell membrane preventing the transmission of the neuronal action potential while general anesthetics like ketamine disrupt pathways within...

Khwaja Junaid and Shah Alam Khan

...ce leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Gueee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is major leaf feeding pest of rice, Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae), and is widely distributed throughout the rice producing countries in Asian, causing considerable yield losses. Cultivation of susceptible rice varieties is among the major reasons of insect pest outbreak. Contrary, growing resistant rice varieties plays a key role in keeping the insect pest population below economic threshold ...

Saime Betül Baygeldi1, Barıs Can Güzel1*, Ramazan Ilgün2 and Zait Ender Özkan1

..., silicone plastination processes were applied at room temperature. The SEM images of the fresh material and the plastinated material were compared by taking the SEM images again. As a result, it was determined that the features of the tongue were preserved macroscopically after the plastination process. The silicone plastination procedure of the German mast goose tissues took a total of 3...

Yunilas1*, Muheri Indra Aja Nasution2, Edhy Mirwandhono1, Adi Fathul Qohar3 

...o it is necessary to do processing to reduce the chitin content first by fermentation using organic acids. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of using organic acids (propionic acid and formic acid) and various fermentation times in reducing the BSFP chitin content. Completely Randomized Design (CRD), factorial 3 x 3 with three replications. Factor I was various doses of organic acid (3%, 6%, 9%), and Factor II was different fermentation times ...

Razia Sultana1, Shinawar Waseem Ali1*, Ghulam Murtaza2 and Shahid Mahmood2

...eria present in locally processed yogurt using the advanced next-generation sequencing (NGS) method. Yogurt samples were collected from open-air shops located in different areas of Pakistan. All yogurt samples were mixed to make one composite sample. DNA was extracted from yogurt using the phenol-chloroform (organic) method. Extracted DNA was used to perform NGS/Illumina high-throughput sequencing of hypervariable regions (V3 and V4) of the 16S rRNA gene. In t...

Di Zhou1, Qingmeng Long1*, Rong Yang1, Xiaoshan Tan1, Jun Li1, Mingyan Tang1, Zhonghai Zhao3, Ye Ao2, Zhinan Zhou1 and Changxue Chen1

...ulated). The biological processes associated with these DEGs were primarily cell differentiation, reproduction and biological regulation. The associated gene functions were related to organelle, cell membrane and cell structure in cell component processes and for molecular function, the genes were related to protein binding, catalytic activity and cell proliferation. Moreover, these DEGs were enriched in the categories of si...

Wafaa AL. Bnyean1,2 ,Zainab A.H. AL-Mousawi1* 

...ays were treated with Hydrocortisone Sodium I.P. (50 mg/kg). Therapeutic group(G3): rats for seven days were treated with Hydrocortisone Sodium I.P. (50 mg/kg) and then 14 days with GA (100 mg /kg) orally. Protective group(G4): Rats were treated for seven days with hydrocortisone Sodium I.P. (50 mg /kg) with GA for 14 days(100mg/kg) orally. glycyrrhizic acid Group (G 5): rats for 21 days, ...

Wei Fang1,2,3, Jiawei Hong1,2,3,4, Zhengyi Fu1,2,3, Jing Hu1,2,3, Gang Yu1,2,3, Zhenhua Ma1,2,3* and Humin Zong5*

...ly enriched in cellular processes, biological regulation, cell parts, membrane parts, binding and catalytic activity; COG analysis showed that DEGs was mainly related to posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones, intracellular trafficking, secretion, vesicular transport, transcription, amino acid transport and metabolism; KEGG analysis showed that DEGs was mainly related to cardiac muscle contraction, renin-angiotensin system, adrenergic sig...

Muhammad Fiaz Qamar1*, Tahir Hussain1, Iram Liaqat2, Madiha Kiran1 and Abdur Rahman Ansari1

... the routine laboratory procedures. The prevalence of Eimeria and Capillaria spp. were recorded as 75% and 25% respectively in district Jhang. Whereas, mixed infection (Eimeria spp. + Capillaria spp.) was not detected in the examined birds. Eggs per gram (EPG) counted through McMaster technique for the Eimeria was 700, while that for Capillaria was 850. Proper control measures, good management and public guidance are needed to control these infections. This is...

Asmaa A Darwish* 

...gnificant (P<0.05) microcytic hypochromic anemia accompanied by neutrophilic leukocytosis and lymphocytopenia, and their iron profile characterized by a significant (P<0.05) hypoferremia, hypotransferrinemia, and hyperferritinemia. After the urethral process amputation, ten rams showed marked improvement and returned healthy (survive group (SG)) and the other ten rams showed a noticeable deterioration and eventually di...
Qiangsheng Wu1, Yumei Yin2, Hui Gao1, Baoding Chen3, Jianjun Yu2, Jian Zhang4, Donglai Zhu5, Fang Liu6, Guohong Ge7 and Ya-Mei Dang8*
...tion and drug metabolic process. Additionally, the top 10 core genes of these differently expressed genes were mainly participated in cell cycle and strongly correlated with worse prognosis of survival, which may be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets of HCC.

...

Syed Shakeel Shah1, Ayesha Jameel1, Sabila Afzal1*, Muhammad Zubair2, Iram Fatima Bokhari1

...bles were collected and processed. 200 grams of each vegetable sample was centrifuged, followed by sedimentation and floatation to recover parasites eggs, cysts and larvae. A high prevalence of about 47.58% was described in this study. Coriander was the highest contaminated vegetable (51.42%), followed by mint (48.57%). The carrot was the minimum contaminated vegetable with 40% contamination. Examination of vegetables revealed 12 genera of parasites along with...
Jaffar Hussain*, Zeenat M. Ali and Syed Farman Ali Shah
...eneration feedstock the process was complicated and expensive. The fourth-generation feedstock produced from genetically modified algae or by artificial photosynthesis in plants to produce the raw material for biodiesel production The fourth generation was not available on commercial scale. The biodiesel produced by esterification (one step) and Transesterification process (two step). The catalysts used were homogenous, hete...
MISBAH RAZZAQ, MUHAMMAD RAIS*, MUHAMMAD ARSLAN ASADI, SALEHA ABBASI &
ABDULLAH IBRAHIMv
... (Laudakia melanura) in rocky habitat, croplands, areas around human
habitations and natural streams of Mori Said Ali Game Reserve (AJ&K)
using stomach-content flushing and fecal analysis. Of the recorded 17
dietary items, ten (59%) were of plant origin and seven (41%) were of
animal origin. Pyrus pashia (80%) and Isodon rugosus (0.37 ml) were
recorded as the most frequent plant species in fecal samples and
stomac...

SHEHLA AKBAR*, SAIQA ISHTIAQ*, KHALID HUSSAIN, ANS MUNIR & SAIRA REHMAN

...v>adopting the standard procedure. By using concentration 200μg/ml and
400μg/ml methanolic fraction showed 4.57 and 4.86, hexane 1.54 and
5.0, aqueous 1.07 and 2.33, chloroform 0.94 and 3.87, ethyl acetate
18.56 and 28.41, butanol 4.34 and 7.91. Ethyl acetate fraction showed
highest SPF value. Presence of polyphenols and flavonoids provide an
evidence of this plant being traditionally used in th...

SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1*, MUNAZZA DANISH AJAZ2, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL3, AHSAN SATTAR SHEIKH4 & FIRDAUS KOUSAR BUKHARI5

...gh consuming improperly processed poultry products and by intake of contaminated water. Post intake, the bacterium tends to adsorb or attached to the gut epithelial lining and incites toxin-associated deferment of liquid re-absorption from the gut plus invasive inflammatory manifestation along with diarrhoea. Acute or chronic or persistent campylobacteriosis are dealt with antibiotics and proton-pump inhibitors. However, an ever increasing problem of antibioti...

Saloua Ziani1*, Khalid Sohaib2 , Youssef Lhor3, Ikhlass El Berbri4, And Ouafaa Fassi Fihri4  

...848 dogs exported from Morocco was collected. The results revealed that too-old dogs (over six years) or too young (under four months) are also less likely to respond to vaccination than dogs that are four months to six years old. A dog receiving a booster dose is better immunized than a dog receiving a single dose. On the other hand, the time interval between the last vaccination and the time of sampling also affected the titer. The longer the interval, the l...

Qasim Ali1, Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed

...alanced human diet. The process of pollination, a vital ecosystem service, substantially contributes to enhancing the nutritional quality and yield of cross-pollinated fruits and vegetables. To evaluate the impact of bees and syrphid flies on enhancing the physical and biochemical characteristics of litchi fruit, an experimental investigation was conducted in a Litchi orchard situated in Multan, Pakistan. The study encompassed an examination of pollinator dive...

Hui Fang*, Kai Xue and Teng Yang

... are many physiological processes that rely on the microRNA-messenger RNA (miRNA-mRNA) network. In this study, an analysis of miRNA-mRNA networks was conducted to identify miRNAs linked to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Fifty RNA samples from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were obtained to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and genes (DEGs) in the progression of ADPKD. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis of...

Al Salihi karima Akool1* , Almas. M. Al-Bayati2, Iman Mousa Khaleel3  

...malin. All samples were processed by histological technique and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. This study showed that SC’s udder appeared with four quarters, covered by brown to solid black tint skin. Both conical and cylindrical shapes of teat were observed, which constituted 75%& 25% and 37.5% & 62.5% for SCPMG & SCN-PMG), respectively. Microscopical examination of teats revealed two streak canals lined by a stratified squamous kerati...

Salim Saifullah1*, Tasmina Kanwal2 and Khadija Rehman2

...terns. Various chemical processes, including the production of greenhouse gases and photochemical reactions, have an impact on the composition of the atmosphere and the rise in air pollution. The release of pollutants resulting from human activities, including transportation and industrial processes, worsens air quality issues, thereby causing detrimental impacts on both ecosystems and human health. Moreover, there is a stro...

Waseef Ullah Khan*, Yasser Durrani and Muhammad Ayub

...her enjoyed fresh or in processed forms. This research was undertaken to assess the efficacy of employing both natural olive leaves extract (OLE) and minimal chemical preservatives (sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate) for preserving mango OLE blend over a 90 days period. The findings demonstrated that the inclusion of OLE effectively preserved the chemical quality and sensory characteristics of mango OLE blend with added chemical preservatives. Results show...

Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Afzal1,2, Muhammad Arshad1, Samina Khalid3, Naunain Mehmood4

...ions, while Coragen and Proclaim were moderately effective, with mortality rates ranging from 36.7% to 81.7%. The least effective insecticides were Match and Sunitol, with mortality rates ranging from 26.7% to 58.3%. Radiant (-24.57%) and Voliam flexi (-22.19%) were more efficient in terms of feeding deterrence as compared to other insecticides. These results indicate that Radiant and Voliam flexi could be useful in managing S. frugiperda infestations. This st...

Sajid Mehmood Shahzad

...smetics, and industrial processes. Several types of aromatic and cosmetic Seaweeds used in the cosmetics industry may be found off the coast of Pakistan. Pakistan generated $1.94 million in 2020 as the 57th-highest exporter of Seaweeds, locust beans, and related items. Five-year projections for Pakistan (2016–2020) suggest considerable expansion, with a cumulative $8.36 million in trade volume. This review article uses a descriptive approach to understan...

Lawrence Olusola Oparinde1*, Adewale Isaac Olutumise2,3 and Ademola Adegoroye

... A multistage selection process was employed to pick 450 arable crop farmers. The collected data were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics, probit regression model and Gini coefficient analysis. Findings from this study revealed that the adoption of agroforestry technology increased income inequality among male and female crop farmers. Also, the difference in the income inequality level between adopters and non-adopters of agroforestry technology am...

Anshara Javed Qureshi and Ishrat Aziz*

...area of Bahawalpur, and proceeded qualitatively through direct microscopy and floatation method. In this study, 18 (11 males and 7 females) out of the 100 samples (with a prevalence 18%) were found infected with Capillaria spp. of nematodes. The qualitative examination also revealed that the Capillaria spp. of nematodes was more prevalent in males (36.67%) than females (10%). This study will be helpful in raising awareness among pigeon owners for better contro...

Aamir Shakeel1*, Anwar Ali2, Tahir Iqbal1 and Ziad Raza1

... resulting from natural processes and land management changes. An expansion of 5.59% was observed in the “Other Land” category, which may involve complex land use changes. The most striking change was a 158.82% increase in settlements, reflecting rapid urbanization and infrastructure development. Wetlands expanded by 4.62%, possibly due to both natural fluctuations and human interventions. These changes signify the intricate interplay between human...

Khalid Hussain1*, Tanvir Hussain2 and Muhammad Inamullah Khan3

...y was to explore the dendrochronological and dendroclimatological potential of broad-leaved species, specifically Walnut (Juglans regia) in dry tem perate fore st zone, Swat, Pakistan. Juglansregia was selected to assess the resilience and adaptability potential of the species in the scenario of climate change, because no broad-leaved species have been studied so far in dry temperate forest in Swat region to establish climat...

Muhammad Salman1*, Naveed Ahmed2, Mir Manzar Ud Din3, Fazli Amin4 and Arsalan Ali5

...elected for the reeling process. The mean boiling temperature was recorded at 87°C. Temperature varies between 85°C and 90°C during the rearing season. The study shows that carefully controlling the temperature and humidity levels and managing the feeding of silkworms ensure the optimal growth and development resulting in healthy and productive silkworms.

...

Wisit Ketpanyapong1, Kulisara Marupanthorn2*

...nd sperm quality in 24 Duroc boars at 1.0-1.5 years. The boars were randomly divided into four groups of three replicates each and their feed was supplemented with MOLE at concentrations of 0, 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg body weight (BW). Supplementing Duroc boras with MOLE increased leukocyte, erythrocyte, and hemoglobin levels, and significantly influenced serum antioxidant concentrations. The...

Retno Setyaningsih1, Sri Murtini2*, I Wayan Teguh Wibawan2, Surachmi Setiyaningsih2, Ekowati Handharyani3

...ntigen in asymptomatic seroconverted RHDV rabbits in West Bandung District, West Java Province, Indonesia also to see the relevance of seroconversion within rabbit’s profile. Liver, intestines, and faeces were collected purposively from seroconverted rabbits which showed no clinical signs of RHDV. Samples assayed with commercial ELISA Kit using DAS Technique. The informations (age, s...

Nurul Isnaini*, Dedes Amertaningtyas, Hanief Eko Sulistyo, Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti, Faizal Andri

...lysis of variance using Proc Mixed with general linear model (GLM) using SAS studio for academics Online Edition (https://odamid-apse1.oda.sas.com/SASStudio/). Comparing two results, it can be seen that the different enriched media gave gradually significant differences (p < 0.05) in the egg weight, number of eggs of BSF success to hatch, hatchability, length, width, and number of change becoming flies at period shown. Conclusively it has been shown that th...
Rusli Tonda1, Lili Zalizar1*, Wahyu Widodo1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi1, David Hermawan1, Damat Damat1, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile2, Irum Iqrar3, Trias Agung Pakarti4,5, Shazma Anwar6 and Wirawan Wira7
 
 
...sh;1. After being processed, organic waste is highly potential to contribute to animal farming, and “aking rice” is one such product. After cleaning and rinsing, rice remains are sundried to reach a water content of < 14 %. However, no literature or findings are yet to discover whether “aking rice” is palatable for poultry. Therefore, this study is focused on determining “aking rice” palatability to see its chance t...

Abir Ishtiaq1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Maria Younas1, Tasveer Ishtiaq1, Zara Naeem3 and Muhammad Naeem4*

...ifferent body size were procured from a private fish farm, for analysis of body composition parameters’ variables in relation to body size and condition factor. Mean body weight and total length was measured and condition factor of farmed collected fish was calculated as 556.45±28.24 g, 34.78±0.60 cm and 1.30±0.02, respectively. On wet weight basis, mean percentage for water, protein, fat and ash was found 74.70±0.76%, 16.92&p...

Ahmad Khan1, Muhammad Amjad Ali1, Muhammad Tahir1, Samreen Nazeer2*, Muhammad Zubair Akram3*, Muhammad Arslan Azmat1 and Sabina Asghar4

...alabad-85, Zardana-80, Morocco, and Mexipak-65 displayed moderate resistance (MR) while six varieties exhibited intermediate (IM) responses. Inqlab-91 and Iqbal-2000 were found susceptible (S) with maximum RI of 72.4 and 77.6, respectively. Significant negative correlations were found between nematode infestation and plant growth parameters. Plant height exhibited maximum impact of 59.09 and 45.24 % on galling index and egg mass index, respectively. The findin...

Muhammad Mukhtar*, Syamsul Bahri, Syahruddin 

...roduced from the biogas process. The research treatment is as follows: T0 = Without using LOF (Control); T1 = Using LOF Genetics-plus; T2 = Using LOF Bio-love; T3 = Using LOF Bio-urine. Parameters measured were (1) plant growth, namely plant height and tiller number, (2) biomass production, namely fresh matter weight, dry matter weight and leaf blade percentage and (3) nitrogen uptake. The results showed that the treatment had a very significant effect (P<0...

Ehtesham Khan, Talha Ahmed, M. Irfan Anis* and Syed Ahsan Rehman

...roponics farming is the procedure of plant cultivation in a mist environment by spraying micro droplets of nutrient solution on the roots of plant in a closed habitat in order to procure fast and healthy plant growth. It is a soil-less culture as soil is just the medium for the plant for nutrients ingestion. As nutrients are supplied in an air water culture in the form of mist directly to the roots. This type of farming uses...

Md. Ariful Alam1, Mst. Misrat Masuma Parvez1, Md. Salauddin2*, Rakibul Islam1 and Md. Bazlar Rashid1

...vet Powder (amprolium hydrochloride 20%) at a dose rate of 1g per 3 liters of drinking water for 7 days. Results showed that the body weight of T0, T1, T2 T3, and T4 group at 30 days of post-infection were 627.96 ± 1.82, 585.52 ± 2.76, 595.66 ± 2.76, 743.17 ± 3.55, 734.88 ± 2.36 gm respectively which is statistically significant (P<0.01) and highest body weight gain was recorded from T3 group treated with yeast 1.5g/kg fee...

Md. Ariful Alam1, Mst. Misrat Masuma Parvez1, Md. Salauddin2*, Rakibul Islam1 and Md. Bazlar Rashid1

...vet Powder (amprolium hydrochloride 20%) at a dose rate of 1g per 3 liters of drinking water for 7 days. Results showed that the body weight of T0, T1, T2 T3, and T4 group at 30 days of post-infection were 627.96 ± 1.82, 585.52 ± 2.76, 595.66 ± 2.76, 743.17 ± 3.55, 734.88 ± 2.36 gm respectively which is statistically significant (P<0.01) and highest body weight gain was recorded from T3 group treated with yeast 1.5g/kg fee...

Yunxia Guo1, Xia Zhou1*, Xin Huang2 and Fagang Zhong2

...eases. Standard culture procedure followed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay was applied to calculate the antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial isolates. The survey results showed that bronchitis and bronchopneumonia were commonly occurring respiratory diseases in cattle. The highest incidence of bacterial organism Staphylococcus aureus (83.6%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (80.3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (77.0%) were recorded in the re...

Fatemeh Beheshti1, Maliheh Safavi2, Mohammad Reza Akbari Eidgahi1,3, Parviz Kokhaei4, Mehdi Vazirian5 and  Ali Akbar Shabani1,3*

...ng in vitro established procedures, the antioxidant capacity of organic and aqueous extracts of I. purpurea leaves was assessed. Further, the ethanol and chloroform extracts of I. purpurea leaves were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Concentration-dependent scavenging of 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazil (DPPH) was seen across all three extract types (ethanol, water, and chloroform) with the IC50 values of 42.30 ± 2.35, 54.11 &...

Jasir Hakim Hidayah1,2, Yos Adi Prakoso2, Sitarina Widyarini3* 

...ains were collected and processed against histopathology. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. The result indicated that the most efficacious dose of calabash was 2.96 mg/kg BW from the P5 group. It is supported by the minimization of infarct area in the P5 group compared to the others. Further, this dose showed a decrease in a histopathological score of necrosis neuronal, microgliosis, neuronal oedema, secondary haemorrhage, and perivascular oedema co...

Romaan Hayat Khattak1, Shakeel Ahmed2, Liwei Teng1,3* and Zhensheng Liu1,3*

...ubsequent developmental processes, it is crucial to evaluate habitats to design robust conservation strategies. We used maximum entropy modeling (MaxEnt) to identify suitable habitats for red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Nowshera district, Pakistan. MaxEnt was applied to 62 red fox occurrence points and topographical and current bioclimatic variables. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) ...

Rana Mahmood Ahmad*, Orooba M.S. Ibrahim 

...onse during the healing process. The histopathological observation showed that a section of a joint in groups treated with SaZnONPs had a normal joint cavity with normal articular cartilage compared with other treated groups. Accordingly, the findings of the present study suggested that ZnONPs reinforced with clove can be anti-arthritis treatments and may be utilized as a substitute for medicines currently on the market. 

...

Syed Nouman shah1, Anees Ur Rahman1, Midrar Ullah2, Shahab Ahmad Nawaz1, Muhammad Said1, Abdul Kabir1,3*, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Maaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Sadiq1

...ents and optimized feed processing techniques can reduce mycotoxin levels in silage and their negative impacts on livestock. We conclude that a comprehensive understanding of mycotoxins in silage and the implementation of effective management strategies are essential for sustainable livestock production. Future research should focus on developing alternative and sustainable feed sources, precision livestock farming techniques, genetic selection for resilience ...

Ying Chen1, Chao-Zheng Li2, Zhun Yu3, Jia Zhou4, Yan Xu4, Zhe Lin4, He Lin4* and Xiao-Wei Huang4*

...administration, the electrocardiogram (ECG) changes in each group were detected. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) isoenzymes in serum, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in myocardial tissue were detected by ELISA. Hematoxylin and eosin (HandE) staining was used to detect the histological changes of rat myocardium. Western blotting (WB) was used t...

Jinwen Liu, Hong Li, Jinhua Zhang, Jianping Li and Xiujuan Yan*

...hrough plant-associated processes. How the interactions between the aboveground and belowground herbivores communities affect plant development remains unclear? In this study, Holotrichia diomphalia Bates, the belowground herbivore grub that feed on the roots, and Rhopalosiphum maidis, the aboveground herbivore aphid that feed on the leaf were chosen as research objects. Four groups were set based on field investigation, including aphid with grub (A & G), ...

Adeel Kazam1, Safdar Sidra2, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Rida Ahmad1,3, Ahmad Bilal1 and Aliza Batool1,3

...ginous pochard (Aythya nyroca), northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), alexandrine parakeet (Psittacula eupatria), and pallid harrier (Circus macrourus), and one endangered species steppe eagle (Aquila nipalensis) were observed during the study. These species require special attention for conservation as illegal hunting is one of the major threats to the species in the study area. Other threats include fishing, use of insecticides and pesticides.

...

Ismail Demircioglu1, Yasin Demiraslan2, Barıs Can Güzel3*, Ali Koçyigit4 and Aysegül Demircioglu5

... respectively. When the procrustes coordinates were examined, it was found that the samples were both dorsally and laterally mostly similar to the samples in their own group. Consequently, it is thought that the shape analysis of the crania of Hamdani and Awassi sheep breeds was made in detail by geometric morphometry method; thus, yielding the results that may be basic data for many disciplines, especially zooarchaeology, taxonomy, and forensic sciences were ...

Nazia Suleman* and Asia Riaz 

...ids hinders the rearing procedures. Therefore, some alternate natural dietary sources are essential to continue the mass rearing of ladybirds. In present study, we compared the longevity and egg laying of two species of ladybirds on alternate natural dietary sources other than natural dietary sources i.e., live aphids. The longevity of seven spotted ladybird Coccinella septempunctata was significantly higher on control (live aphids, Mean= 171.5 days) than othe...

Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3, Tariq Usman4, Bilques Bano5, Nazia Rubab6, Syed Tasadak Mehdi7, Muhammad Wasim Iqbal8, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar9, Hira Hameed10

...(vet), 1.5 levamisole hydrochloride BP (vet) and 0.382% cobalt sulphate in combination were administered orally to the cattle naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. The study design also included infected but un-medicated and uninfected and un-medicated controls.  Faecal egg count reduction and larval counts from coprocultures were carried out pre and post treatments to analyze the anthelmi...

Adnan Ibrahim Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa S. Ali3 and Anwer Thamer Ghaffoori2

...n essential role in the process of development and economic and social development in all countries of the world, for their great role in employment. The study aims to know the role of small agricultural projects in developing the capabilities and competence of rural youth in Anbar Governorate through nine regions that represent the focus of capacity development. The research was conducted in Anbar province for two reasons: First, because it represents a third...

Wei Wan1, Xiao-Li Wang1, Shu-Juan Wang2, Qin Si2 and Li-Qing Duan1*

...re of l-carvone and dihydrocarvone, with an expected mortality of 35.2% and actual mortality of 98.4%. Estragole had the highest frequency of antagonistic effect (7 combinations), and the most significant antagonism was observed when combining β-pinene and estragole, with an expected mortality of 29.0% and actual mortality of 3.8%. Furthermore, AChE inhibition was observed with estragole, cuminaldehyde, and 1,8-cineole displayed high potency. L-carvone sh...
Qingsen Ran1,2, Manjing Li3, Jiayin Han3, Lifang Wang3, Han Wang3,4, Shaobo Liu5* and Yanping Wang1*
Muhammad Javed Iqbal1, Farah Rauf Shakoori1*, Bushra Muneer2 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3
...ial for normal cellular processes. Several activating factors and genetic mutations, in associated genes (PIK3CA, AKT1, MTOR and PTEN), lead this pathway to function abnormally to trigger breast cancer. The mutations in these genes were explored in female patients with breast cancer. The demographic studies showed that all the patients were married, housewives with an average age of 47 years. The invasive ductal and invasive lobular carcinoma were detected in ...

Abdul Aziz1,2, Hamad Bin Rashid1*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Ayesha Hassan1, Hamid Akbar1, Sadaf Imran1, Naveed Hussain1, Muhammad Umar1, Muhammad Asif1, Sajjad Javaid1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3

...r gram. SVF preparation process has advantages of minimum cell contamination and processing time. Hence, it is a cost effective and alternate procedure for developing countries like Pakistan.

...
Yi Zhao1,2,3, Lei Luo1,2, Liqi Tan4, Jianhua Huang1,2, Dongliang Liu1,2,5, Shigui Jiang1,2 and Lishi Yang1,2*
...nse and other metabolic processes, damaged their immune response even cause dead. In this study, the physiological and histological changes of Procambarus clarkii under the high temperature (30°C) and the low temperature (10°C) stress were investigated. With the increase of temperature, the pyruvate kinase activity in the hepatopancreas and gill tissues of crayfish was gradually increased, and the fatty acid synthase...

Lijiao Wang1, Haibin Chen2*, Hongyan Yu1, Zexian Fu3 and Jianjun Zhao2*

Muhammad Fiaz Qamar1*, Tahir Hussain1, Iram Liaqat2, Madiha Kiran1, Abdur Rahman Ansari3, Faiza Yasmeen1 and Tahira Batool3
...entation, and flotation procedures were among the various parasitological methods used to analyze all of the samples that were gathered. Herein, the prevalence of coccidiosis was 70.7% and that of capillariasis was 15.7% whereas, mixed infection was 13.4%. Eggs per gram (EPG) were recorded as 750 and 700 for Coccidia and Capillaria, respectively. This study recommends the proper management and deworming strategies to reduce the risk of eco...

Adnan I Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa Ali3 and Anwer T Gaffoori2

...) paragraphs. After the process of data collection and unpacking, the statistical program (SPSS) was used to analyze and present the results. The study showed that small agricultural projects had contributed to the development and development of the capabilities of rural women, As these projects worked to bring about behavioral changes among rural women and developed their administrative, knowledge, and skills capabilities, adapting to the work environment and...

Rana Mahmood Ahmad*, Orooba Mohammed Maeed  Ibrahim

...onse during the healing process. On the other hand, the positive control groups showed no improvement in the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in serum. According to the results, we can conclude that the clove oil produced using the petroleum ether have the potential to be used as an excellent anti-inflammatory agent with less side effect. Because medicinal plant extracts are non-toxic, safe, and have no harmful side effects, available in abundan...

Hemeida, A. A., Osman, M., El-Shahat, Mohamed, Hashem, Medhat H., Mahmoud, Amal and Dahi, Hosni

Wisit Ketpanyapong1, Kulisara Marupanthorn2* 

...500 mg/kg diet) on 144 Duroc × Landrace × Large White weaned pigs over a 5-week period. The results of this study showed that dietary supplementation with MOLE for 5 weeks improved average daily weight gain, feed efficiency and reduced the incidence of diarrhea in weaned pigs. Blood hematological parameters, intestinal morphology, and fecal microbial shedding were assessed at the end of the experiment. MOLE supplementation did not significantly aff...

Azzami, Mohamed 1.; Hakiml , Aya Salah El-Din; Othman2, Badawi A. and 2 El-Dougoug, Khaled A.

...ined by ultrafiltration process were negatively stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid. Electron microscopy revealed that the phage particles had an isometric head and long-contractile tail. Some particles appeared to have a short tail with full heads, the bacteriophage resembles those belong to the Myoviridae family. Enteroviruses were detected using RT-PCR and real-time-RT-PCR in inlet water of El-Bagour and Shibin ElKom stations in summer season, while H5N1 w...

Nasr-Eldin1 , M. A.; El-Dougdoug2, K. A.; Othman2, B. Ahmedi , Sabah A, and Abdcl-Azizl , S. Il.

...-blot on the membranes, procedures has been applied on a large scale for an initial screening of HSVd, CEVd and PSTVd in Egypt. The results showed that the tissue print assays allowed clear discrimination between healthy and viroid-infected grapevine plants than dot-blot hybridization, the number Of HSVd-infected grapevine plants were 10 plants, PSTVd were 10 plants and the CEVd was detected with high incidence level in grapevine, where 12 out of 100 grapevine...

Alhudaib, Khalid

...d with a silica-capture procedure and stored at —200C till used. 8-10gl of TNA extracts were mixed with Igl random hexamer primer, (Boehringer Mannheim, GbmH) (0.5 g/gl). RT-PCR assay of leaves extracts of infected fig accession using specific primers gave positive results and non with FLMaV-2. Mixed infection of FLMaV-1 and FMV were found. To our knowledge this is the first record and identification of FLMaV-1 and FMV in Saudi Arabia. Further studies ar...
Mazharul A. M. 1, Md. S. Sarwar ,M. Nurullah 2, Keshab K. Adhikary I and M. Rahmatullah 1 
 
...pinosus. and Calotropis procera were used to treat patients with rabies.
...
Arafa, A ; El-Kanawaty, Z; Hassan, M.K; Anwar, H.K  and  Mona M.Aly 
 
...e cases from turkey and Grocer duck were processed for viral isolation and characterization. The level of antibodies was detected in vaccinated birds by HI test and the results were discussed to evaluate the role of vaccination in controlling the disease in these valuable zoo birds.

...

Manal A. El-Shazly1, A. s. 2 Abdel Wahab and Salwa N. Zein3

...immunoassay (DBIA) on nitrocellulose membranes.

...

S.Y.M. Mahmoud1 and M. Hashem2

... Tripl and Gloria. D. macrocarpa and B. maritema inducing chlorotic local lesions spreads into the veins. The virus was also transmitted by a soilborne parasitic fungus, Polymyxa betae Keskin as a vector and by seed coating with viruliferous cystosori. the thick-walled resting spores of P. betae. as well as by root vortexing in virus inoculum containing carborundum. The virus is not adsorbed to the exterior of the fungal vector but is internalized. Our results...

A. A. Kheder1; I. A. M. Ibrahim2; H. M. Mazyadl

...ein gene as a molecular procedure for diagnosis. Electron microscopy of purified preparation of PRMV showed presence of isometric particles 28 nm in diameter. Ultrathin section for electron microscopy examination of infected peach leaves shows virus particles in vacuoles. Tubules structure scattered in the cytoplasm or associated with plasmodesmata was shown. Extensive severe degeneration of chloroplast and mitochondria structure as well as development of cell...

A.A.Farrag;  I.A.M. Ibrahim and, H.M. Mazyad

...chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure was used to amplify fragments using coat protein gene primers (358bp) of the viral coat protein gene. PCR product was used to generate ACLSV-specific probe to detect the virus in infected plants using non-radioactive molecular hybridization methods. The result showed that it is more sensitive than DASELISA and can be used for large scale detection. PCR product was cloned and sequenced. Comparison between local isolate sequence...

A. A. El-Kholy1, S. Vilcek2 and A. M. Daoud1

...lowed by immunostaining procedure in cell culture confirmed only 6/9 BVDVs that were cytopathogenic. Direct sequencing of the RT-PCR amplicons revealed an extreme nucleotide sequence homology (≥ 98%) among all tested Egyptian isolates versus the local vaccine strain. sequence alignments showed variable identity (74% - 93%) of the Egyptian vaccinal strain versus reference laboratory and vaccinal strains of BVDV. Clustering and phylogenetic analyses suggested...

Huda M. Hamid1, Fadia W. Al-Azawi2* and Zaid F. Makki3

...selected (arch concrete, rock fill, rock with a lot of core and stone shell, and earth fill) with different storage capacities in m3. Dam body length has also been determined at different execution times from 1958 to 1999. The hydrology characteristics of Iraq dams have been analyzed. These hydrology characteristics are DAM flow direction, Mesh flow clustered, agricultural area improvement, waterway division for ROI, and bas...

Anak Agung Ayu Sri Trisnadewi*, I Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra

... justify;">The ensilage process is an effort to improve the quality of corn straw and use elephant grass as the main source of fiber for ruminants. The research aimed to obtain a ration formulation through the use of elephant grass silage, corn straw silage, and concentrate for etawa crossbreed goats. The experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments and each treatment was repeated four times, so there were 16 experimental units. The fou...

Sulake Fadhil Al-Zubaidi1*, Ghusoon A.A. Alneamah2, Ali Saleh Mahdi1, Abdulraheem Abduljalil Wali3

...surgery. E -Coli and Enterococcus were the most dominant bacteria in bitches with pyometra. We concluded that combined Aglepristone with PGF2α effectively treated pyometra in bitches. Misoprostol also increased uterine contractions with quick evacuation of uterine content. 
 
Keywords | Bitches, Pyometra, Aglepristone, Misoprostol, PGF2α, Different protocols
...

Nahariah Nahariah1*, Hikmah Hikmah1, Faridah N. Yuliati1, Endah Murpiningrum1, Abdul W. Jamaluddin2, Titis S. Kusuma3, Andi Febyana4, Kartina Kartina1

...ced by the fermentation process. We aimed to identify the application of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae levels with different fermentation times in egg yolks to the functional and physicochemical characteristics of egg yolks. This research was conducted using a 3 x 3 factorial Completely Randomized Design with 5 replications. Factor A was the fermentation times (hours) 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Factor B was the fermentation level (%) of yeast was 10, 20, and ...

Nguyen Binh Truong1,2*, Ho Xuan Nghiep1,2, Tran Trung Tuan1,2

...riment were Maize (Ma), Brocken rice (Br), Cassava chip (Ca) and Wheat (Wh). The proportion of combination (% dry matter intake) in two energy feed sources was 15% and 15% such as MaCa, MaWh, BrCa and BrWh. The results show that dry matter intake per body weight of BrWh (3.42%) and BrCa (3.40%) treatments tended to high compared to the MaCa (3.29%) and MaWh (3.08%) treatments. The organic matter digestibility (%) of BrCa was not different (P>0.05) with MaWh...

Firda Dimawarnita1*, Edwina Gabriela Tesalonika Mustamu2, Yora Faramitha1, Haryo Tejo Prakoso1, Wildan Aulia Noorsy1, Komang Gede Wiryawan2

... by the delignification process and in-vitro rumenal fermentation. The treatments were raw EFB (P0) and delignified EFB (P1). We evaluated rumen pH, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia concentration (NH3), dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude fiber digestibility (CFD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), methane gas production, fulvic acid content, and bacterial population. The results indicated that the treatment did not have a significant effect on DM...

Zhengfei Wang1*, Chenchen Shen1,2, Yiping Zhang1, Dan Tang1,3, Yaqi Luo1, Yaotong Zhai1, Yayun Guan1, Yue Wang1 and Xinyu Wang1

...tion is available about Procambarus clarkii, an important aquaculture species. Thus, we conducted the antennules transcriptome of Procambarus clarkii and identified 26 olfactory-related genes, including nine ionotropic receptors, two ionotropic glutamate receptors, ten variant ionotropic glutamate receptors, four cytochrome P450s, and one carboxylesterase. Our study suggested that ionotropic receptors were the main odorant r...

Qurat ul Ain1, Asifa Khan1*, Asia Riaz2 and Nazia Suleman

...can modulate their life processes with respect to low temperatures and this attribute can wisely be used to increase their shelf life for mass rearing. The possibility of short-term storage for adults and larval stages of seven spotted ladybird beetle under low temperature conditions was examined in the present study. The results showed that adults survived well up to five weeks of storage period at two temperature regimes. However, duration of cold storage af...

Nejra Dučić1, Senad Kovačević1, Faruk Tandir1,2, Rizah Avdić2, Ermin Šaljić3, Anel Vejzović2, Nedžad Hadžiomerović2* 

...anagement during dental procedures in veterinary medicine due to their rapid onset of action, affordability and simple execution. Four different dental nerve blocks have been described in cats: infraorbital, maxillary, inferior alveolar (mandibular) and middle mental block. Considering the size of a cat’s head and location of important anatomical structures, iatrogenic trauma can happen very easily while performing dental nerve blocks. This study aimed t...

Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu1*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon1, Sachin Kumar1, Tejdeep Kaur Kler1 and Anureet Kaur Chandi2

...lack drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus) was the highest followed by green bee-eater (Merops orientalis), wire-tailed swallow (Hirundo smithii), common swallow (Hirundo rustica) and house swift (Apus affinis). Study results have highlighted the biocontrol potential of insectivore avian species along with relevance of ponds in agricultural habitats.

...

Fadime Eroglu1*, Altan Akineden2, Cemal Cicek3, Selcuk Turkel2 

...follow-up and treatment processes of COVID-19 patients.  

...
Geeta Moolchandani1, Jaiperkash Moolchandani2*, Nasima Iqbal3
Syed Mohsin Turab4, Muhammad Kashif5 and Lubna Farooq6
...mplications of delivery process and its management, prolonged second stage labor, vacuum extraction and fetus related factors like premature delivery and IUGR are quite common which prone the neonates to develop HIE.

...

Skeikh Mustafizur Rahman1*, Mst. Shirin Sharmin Khan1, Yousef Ahmed Alkhamis2,3, Roshmon Thomas Mathew2, Md. Moshiur Rahman1, Mohammed Monirul Islam4, Md. Asadujjaman5 and Md. Golam Sarower1

...d, middle and tail) and processed fish (boiled and dried). This study further compared the nutrition values in relation to the price of individual species. Protein content (13.27–33.56%) between species and methods of cooking varied considerably. The highest amounts of protein (19.18 to 33.55%) were found in the fried fish, while the raw and boiled fish contained almost similar amount (protein, 14.00 to 19.57%). Fat content differed between species range...

Sena’a M. Hussein1,2, Raffal A. Omar3* 

...arison with lidocaine hydrochloride. A total of 24 male local breed dogs were divided randomly into the lidocaine group that received 4.5 mg/Kg of 2% lidocaine and liposome group which received the same dose of lidocaine carried by liposome. Pinprick and spinal reflex tests were evaluated each minute for the first five minutes following lumbosacral injection and then every five minutes until the sensory blockade disappeared. Motor activities were constantly mo...

Riskayanti Riskayanti1, Hikmah Hikmah2*, Muhammad Irfan Said2, Nahariah Nahariah2 

...ore, diversification of processed chicken nugget products with the addition of vegetables is needed. This research aimed to analyze the effect of cooking treatment and vegetable addition level on antioxidant activity, dietary fiber, pH and cooking loss of chicken nuggets. The research design consisted of two factors, the first factor was vegetable cooking treatment (fresh and steamed) and the second factor was vegetable addition level (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%)....
Syed Tayyab ul Mazhar1, Hasnain Khan1, Uzma Afzal1*, Shazia Usmani1 and Tariq Mahmood2
...lysis, natural language processing, psychology and others.
...
Syed Tayyab ul Mazhar1, Hasnain Khan1, Uzma Afzal1*, Shazia Usmani1 and Tariq Mahmood2
...lysis, natural language processing, psychology and others.
...

Wisnu Jaka Dewa1,2, Ekowati Handharyani3*, Sri Purwaningsih4, Silmi Mariya5 

...e to regulate apoptosis process. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that occur in every multicelluler organism. Bax and Bcl-2 are two proteins that are involved in controlling the apoptosis process. This research aimed to quantify the expression of bax and bcl-2 gene in colon cancer cell WiDr treated with red snail ethanol extract 125, 62.5 and 31.25 ppm concentration. mesenggerRNA (mRNA) was isolated from WiDr cells using...

Theresia Nur Indah Koni*, Yeria Banoet, Welhelmina Wahon, Cytske Sabuna, Melkianus Dedimus Same Randu, Yanse Yane Rumlaklak, Tri Anggarini Yuniwati Foenay

... anaerobic fermentation process for 21 days increased the crude protein content, and decreased the crude fiber and tannins of banana peels. The level of fermented banana peels had a significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight gain, feed intake but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed conversion. Body weight gain and feed intake of crossbred native chickens up to eight weeks of age, fed banana peels up to 20% were not significantly different (P<0....

Xiangmei Chen, Burie Bao* and Mo Degema

...rglycaemia. Metformin hydrochloride tablets were used as a positive control to detect fasting blood glucose. The contents of glycated haemoglobin (HbALc), insulin (INS) and glucose (GLUC3) as well as the protein expression and mRNA levels of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) were used to study the mechanism of the hypoglycaemic effect of CPP on diabetic rats. We found that camel placenta produced no meaningful changes in...

Afrasyab Khan1,3, Ali Raza Jahejo1,3, Meng-li Qiao1,3, Xin-yu Han1,3, Raza Ali Mangi1,3, Ding Zhang1,3, Yu-hai Bi2, George F Gao1,3* and Wen-xia Tian1,3*

...pression in chicken erythrocytes infected with Mycoplasma synoviae (M. synoviae). Therefore, the aim of the current in-vitro study was to determine the interaction between chicken erythrocytes and M. synoviae using Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and further to investigate the mRNA gene expression of MyD88 (Myeloid differentiation primary response 88), CCL5 (C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5), MDA5 (melanoma differentiatio...

Muhammad Tahir Latif1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Ali Zohaib2 and Ishtiaq Hassan3

...on-probability sampling procedure for field survey as well as six field experiments were conducted in Gujranwala zone, Pakistan to evaluate four sowing techniques, i.e., CT, happy seeder, ridge sowing and SS with Randomized Complete Block Design. As compared to CT the SS has been estimated as resource conservation technique regarding sowing time (62.50%), irrigation time (7.69%), seed cost (14%), fertilizer cost (10.81%), and fuel cost (58.33%) with the constr...

Elly Roza*, Salam N. Aritonang, Yulia Yellita, Hilda Susanty, Rizqan

...ere the hematology (erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit) of Murrah buffalo. The results obtained in sequential studies are as follows: Erythrocytes (3.94 – 5.30 x106/ µL), Leukocytes (6.6 – 9.8 x103/µL), Hemoglobin (8.9 – 9.8 g/dL) Hematocrit (21.2 – 24.2%) and milk production (3.75 – 5.95 kg/head/day). From the results of the study, it was found that feeding 50% swe...

Mahmoud Hamouda1*, Ahmed Al-Jazzar1, Fahad Al-Hizab1, Ahmed Azab2, Mohamed Al-Hammadi3

...y diagnosis in order to proceed with the appropriate treatment.
 
Keywords | Buffaloes, Uterus, Infertility
...
Raza Ali Mangi1,2, Ali Raza Jahejo1,2, Afrasyab Khan1,2, Meng-li Qiao1,2, Muhammad Farhan Qadir1,2, Mazhar Hussain Mangi3,  Shi-xiong Yang1,2, Xin-yu Han1,2, Sheng Niu1,2, Ding Zhang1,2, Ying Wang1,2 and Wen-xia Tian1,2*
...r chickens. Chicken erythrocyte is the most abundant cell found in blood vessels, in which host defense resistance (HDR) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a significant role in the immune response. However, the function of HDR and PRRs in thiram induce TD chicken is not fully known yet. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of recombinant glutathione-S-transferase A3 (rGSTA3) protein on HDR and PRRs in the thiram-induced TD chic...

Xin-yu Han1,2, Afrasyab Khan1,2, Ali Raza Jahejo1,2, Qian-qing Cheng1,2, Meng-li Qiao1,2, Raza Ali Mangi1,2, Muhammad Farhan Qadir1,2, Ding Zhang1,2, Ying Wang1,2, Yu-hai Bi1,3, Rui-wen Fan1,2 and Wen-xia Tian1,2

...Rs genes in chicken erythrocytes, studies have been lacking. This study investigated the expression profile of TLRs pathway immune gene in chicken erythrocytes in response to Mycoplasma synoviae. The purpose of the current in-vitro study was to determine the chicken erythrocytes interaction with M. synoviae using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The mRNA gene expression of TLR1, 2...

Qamer J. Jadoaa, Raffal A. Omar*

... rout of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride and 3.75% Diclofenac, on bone regeneration. Forty-five adult male rabbits of the local breed were employed to create a 3.5mm hole defect in the proximal third of the medial aspect of the tibia by an electric drill with dropping isotonic normal saline to prevent thermal necrosis. The experimental animals were divided randomly into three equal groups, each group include fifteen rabbits (n=15). control without any additive. gro...

Frennada Lu’fatul Azizah1, Osfar Sjofjan2*, Eko Widodo2

...dier Fly) oil isolation process was initiated using the Soxhlet method. Subsequently, 160 broiler chickens were utilized in the research. An experimental design in the form of a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications was employed, involving eight broiler chickens per treatment per replication. The feed treatments were formulated as follows: T0 (basal feed), T1 (basal feed + 0.5% bacitracin), T2 (basal feed + 0.5% BSF larval oil...

Alif Rahman Rohim Puarada*, Safika, Agustin Indrawati

...ntributing to metabolic processes, and shaping ecological interactions. The escalating global significance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes within diverse microbiota components has garnered increasing attention due to its profound consequences. Recent investigations have revealed the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among wild bird species in remote habitats, suggesting the potential for these avian populations to serve as reservoirs and source...

Cut Intan Novita1,2, Kartini Eriani3, Amalia Sutriana4, Tongku Nizwan Siregar5,6*, Ni Wayan Karja7

...uring the vitrification process. 
 
Keywords | Aceh cattle, Bovine pituitary extract, Follicle, Reproductive technology, Vitrification
...

Munifah Siti Amira Yusuf1, Norsida Man2*, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris1, Ismi Arif Ismail3, Siaw Shin Yee1 and Tengku Halimatun Sa’adiah T Abu Bakar1,4 

...e DOA should prioritise process and product as the agriculture extension provider (stakeholders). This study suggests that policymakers should improve the implementation of urban agriculture programs in context, input, process, and product at a community level to improve food security and nutrition by 2030.

...

Genlong Zhan1*, Yunhua Zheng2, Desheng Li*4 and Hongmei Zhang3

...scosity, as well as erythrocyte aggregation index of both groups decreased after treatment compared with the pre-treatment baseline. The hemorheological indexes of the Yiqi Huoxue Tongmai decoction group were lower than those of the control group. To conclude Yiqi Huoxue Tongmai Decoction has significant clinical effect in the treatment of DPN, can effectively improve the blood rheology of patients, and has the advantages of simplicity and high safety.

...

Hongsen Xu*, Xiaoni Wang, Tie Tian, Changyu Zhao, Denghang Yu and Jun Liu

...rtality was occurred in Procambarus clarkii which were cultured in Jiangxia fish farm, Wuhan, Hubei province, China. A dominant bacterial colony, named FSN1, was isolated by incubating on Luria-Bertani agar. Morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization as well as 16S rRNA sequencing identified FSN1 isolate as Citrobacter freundii. Drug sensitivity test showed the strain has multiple drug resistance and was only sensitive to a few antibiotics (...

Perinçek Seçkinozan Seker

...e formation and shaping processes of the known admixed genetic structure of European roe deer populations in Europe; and finally, (3) the roe deer populations may have probably entered Turkey from Europe when evolutionary divergence times based on BI analysis are considered.

...
Aatif Masood Ahmad Khan1, Masood Rabbani1*, Arfan Ahmad1, Muhammad Wasim2 and Sohail Raza1
... conventional diagnosis procedure. All isolates were identified as Avibacterium paragallinarum and required nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD) for their growth. The isolates were typical for Av. paragallinarum as they were not able to ferment neither galactose nor trehalose. Performing PCR of direct swab samples provided higher detection level as compared to the PCR from isolated colonies following conventional diagnostic p...

Rahib Ali Chachar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* and Manatbai Bakhetgul2

...oup. Hemoglobin and erythrocyte count was higher (p < 0.05) in T1 and T3 groups as compared to T2 and T0. MCHC (mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) was found higher (p < 0.05) in T3 as compared to T0 groups. White blood cell count was recorded higher (p < 0.05) in T3 as compared to T1 group. Lymphocytes (L) percentage was recorded highest (p < 0.05) in T3 followed by T2, T1 and T0 groups. While, heterophil (H) percentage and H/L ratio were ...

Muhammad Azhar1,2, Rida Ahmad3*, Bushra Nisar Khan3 and Zahra Hussain3

...status and conservation process.

...

Huda S.J1*, Nasr T.M1, Mohanad A. Al-Bayati2

...ed in rabbits through a process of bloodletting depending on the body weight. Nano Cobalt Ferrite was prepared and encapsulated by Nano hemosome via the Bangosome method. Anemic rabbit dosed with Nano hemosomal Cobalt-Ferrite 1/40of LD50% dose 75mg/kg Bw. Hematological parameters were analyzed in the blood samples that were collected from a rabbit. The outcomes of the hematological profile before and after hemorrhagic corrections were Hemorrhagic group RBC 5.9...

Kunlayaphat Wuthijaree1, Pattaraporn Tatsapong1, Sukanya Yung-Rahang2, Prayad Thirawong2, Koonphol Pongmanee2*

...tandard parasitological procedures were used to determine the worm burden in the gastrointestinal tracts. The R software application was used to compute and assess all descriptive and analytical statistics. Based on post-mortem examination of the gastrointestinal tracts, the helminths identified, three nematode species (Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria spp.), and cestodes and trematodes were found. Overall, the total prevalence of helminth inf...

Wafa’a Mohammad Abduwhab1*, Waseem Ali Hasan2, Mohanad Abdulsataar AL-Bayati3

...ucture of the oil. This process aims to bolster its physical resilience and therapeutic advantages while mitigating potential adverse reactions. The central objective of this research centers on assessing the curative impacts of the innovative Nano phytosome pumpkin-lidocaine gel in the context of third-degree burn wound healing. The reformulation of standard pumpkin seed oil involved the encapsulation of conventional Lidocaine within a phytosome structure, re...

ZARYAB KHALID SIAL & FARAH KHAN

... RNA for its downstream processing. Mostly RNAs are degraded as tissues are taken from fields, therefore the protocol for PSTVd RNA isolation was optimized and improved for obtaining Pure and high quality RNA having an increased and nondegradable life from infected plants of Potatoes. The present study was aimed to confirm the presence and identification of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) on potato plants in Pakistan. RNA was extracted and purified using o...

MADIHA AFTAB1, ARIFA TAHIR*1, TAYYABA ASIM1 & IRFANA MARYAM2

...w-cost biotechnological process for laccase production has gained great attention. Present study is concerned with the enhanced production of laccase by Aspergillus flavus Maf 0139. Five different cultural media were tested and best one was selected for laccase production. Different cultural conditions such as inoculum size, pH, temperature, incubation period, moisture content and inducer were studied. Medium components were further optimized by Plackett-Burma...
ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1*, KAFEEL AHMAD1, KHALID NAWAZ2, MUHAMMAD NADEEM3, ASMA ASHFAQ1,
BABAR MUNIR1, HAFSA MEMOONA3, MADIHA SANA3, FARZANA SHAHEEN1, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD4, HIRA MUQADAS4, MAHPARA SHEZADI5, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA6, HUMAYUN BASHIR1,
MUDASRA MUNIR1, ILKER UGULU7 & YUNUS DOGAN7
...for several biochemical processes in plants. Any of these metals, at high concentrations in soil, can cause severe damage to physiological and biochemical activities of plants. Scarcity of fresh water in agricultural area enforced farmers to use industrial effluent and domestic wastewater for irrigation purpose. Ramzan sugar mill industry located at Chiniot discharges high amount of effluent which is used by farmers for irrigation purpose. Current experiment w...

HIRA MUBEEN1, 2*, AMMARA NASEEM1, AMMARA MASOOD2, SHAHID RAZA3 & NAUREEN NAEEM3

... an important molecular process for monitoring overall expression level of genes in plants. The expression of genes is regulated by certain regulatory elements including, Cis-acting regulatory elements (CRE), transcription factors (TFs) and promoters. Cis-acting elements are actually specific class of DNA binding proteins that act at particular site of DNA. Promoters are part of DNA fragment essential for transcriptional regulation of genes with certain transc...

SHAGUFTA ANDLEEB1*, ASMATULLAH2, SHABANA SHAUKAT1 & SIDRA NAWAZ2

...sent study, Metformin hydrochloride (Glucophage) was used to determine the histological changes in liver of mice. Twenty mice (4-5 weeks old) were given oral gavages of 0.1 ml of 0.00, 31.25, 125 and 500μg/g B.W (Complete). of Metformin prepared in distilled water, for 04 weeks daily. After 24 hours of last dose, the animals were anaesthetized torecoverliver tissues following fixation in Bouin’s fluid and processing...

ATEEQUE RAHMAN KHOOHARO* & PIRZADA JAMALUDDIN A. SIDDIQUI

...tebrate communities on a rocky intertidal shore at Tak Bay, Ormara along the Balochistan coast of Pakistan. Quadrat techniques were used to establish abundance of species. Overall, 49 species of invertebrates were recorded. Two of these species were annelids, 35 molluscs (Polyplacophora 1, gastropods 30, bivalves 4), 9 arthropods (cirripediae 2, malacostraca 7) & 3 echinoderms (stelleroids 3). The Highest diversity was found during the mid & high tidal...

SYED SHAHID IMRAN BUKHARI1*, IQRA AZAM1, MUDDASIR HASSAN ABBASI1, MEERAB DAUD1, NADEEM SHEIKH2, ANDLEEB BATOOL3, RABIA MAHMOOD2 & MARYAM MUKHTAR2

...rganic compound with heterocyclic skeleton; it has been the routine part of all bakery products such as pizza, biscuits and cakes etc. Swiss albino mice of six weeks were divided into control group and experimental group. Experimental group was administered with Alloxan monohydrate (200 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and then livers were extracted after 3, 6 and 12 hours. All the samples were processed for gel run and thermo cycle...

MUHAMMAD JAVAID AFZAL*1, FARAH JAVAID2, MUHAMMAD WASEEM ASHRAF3, SHAHZADI TAYYABA4, MAMOONA ASHIQ5 & AYESHA AKHTAR5

...d manipulate biomedical procedures in the living cells. This study presents a simulated methodology on the basis of fuzzy logic for flow rate of drug delivery through a nanoneedle for drug delivery. The outflow rate is measured as 1.32 mL/min through MATLAB simulation. The measurements are verified by the Mamdani’s model and the previous research. The simulated results given in this study specifies that the fuzzy logic deliver an effective modeling prese...

KOUSAR PERVEEN1*, MUHAMMAD AFZAL1, SANA SEHAR1 & SYED AMIR GILANI2

...ients during the curing process. In this regard, the extant literature suggests that compassionate care behaviour of healthcare personnel plays the leading role. However, scant attention has been paid to understand the phenomena of compassionate care in developing countries. Therefore, current study aims to conduct an in-depth qualitative phenomenological investigation from a healthcare sector of a developing country i.e., Pakistan. For this purpose, current s...

ZUBIA RASHID1, ZULFIQAR ALI MIRANI2, SITWAT ZEHRA1, SYED MUDDASSAR HUSSAIN GILANI3, ARIF ALI CHISHTI1, ABID AZHAR1 & SADDIA GALANI1*

...ctobacillus spp. and Enterococcus spp.) and reduced (p<0.05) pathogenic bacterial (E. coli and Campylobacter spp.) population versus AB and CON group. Overall, statistical profiling of gut bacteria depicted numerically increased beneficial bacteria in PFA group (79%) followed by AB (72%) and CON (65%) in chicken gut. In conclusion, due to increased animal performance and maintained balanced gut microflora tested phytogenic feed additives of this study might...

MUHAMMAD JAVAID AFZAL*1, FARAH JAVAID2, SHAHZADI TAYYABA3, ANEEQA SABAH4 & MUHAMMAD WASEEM ASHRAF5

... dimensions of spiral microchannel used in simulation are 30 mm long and 2 mm in radius. ANSYS simulation has given 0.26 μL/s flow rate with velocity 0.02055 m/s while FUZZY simulation has given 0.29 μL/s with velocity 0.02647 m/s. The results from both simulation and previous results found in a close settlement at the same Reynolds number and pressure. This study is very important for examining the blood flow rate with blood velocity. This simulated res...

UMER YOUNAS, SHAHID IQBAL* & JAMSHED AKBAR

...cts of different drying procedures as well as of different solvents on extraction of antioxidants from M. nigra leaves have been studied. Initially, samples were dried using different drying procedures (shade, oven and microwave drying) and extracted using different solvents (ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol) in combination with microwave-assisted extraction technique. Antioxidant potentials of extracts were determined in...

SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL2 & MUNAZZA AJAZ3

...na involving mutational processes, hyper performance of pumping out systems, synthesis of secretory saccharides, bioaccumulation and directed flagella based shifting resulting out of hypo-doses of drug stimulation. Further, the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae member strains has been witnessed producing Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) and Carbapenemases. Drug resistance in viral entities has also posed challenge for public health programs. About 20...

Deni Novia*, Indri Juliyarsi, Rizki Dwi Setiawan, Clara Mustika, Cindi Melani

Laila Ibouzine-Dine1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Mouloud Lamtai1*, Hasnaa Mallouk1, Ayoub Rezqaoui1, Abdeljabbar Nassiri1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El Hessni1

...ated neurodevelopmental processes. Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecules that play an important role in physiological processes including neuronal survival and differentiation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, pruning, and brain plasticity. In the present study, we aimed to determine the activity of NO during the early and late critical periods of structural and functional maturation of the central nervous syste...

Nurcholis1*, Syetiel M. Salamony1, Abdullah Baharun2

...: justify;">The cooling process causes oxidative stress and affects sperm motility. Antioxidants in the diluent can maintain the motility of bull sperm during the cooling process until after thawing. This research examines the effect of Myrmecodia extract (MYE) supplementation, which has high antioxidants, on semen diluent during the cooling to cryopreservation process. Specifically, five&...

Nabaa Fadhil Abbas*, Raffal A. Omar

... down the wound-healing process in rabbit burn models compared to the other groups studied. This study investigated the effects of different medications on wound healing in rabbits. The results at various time points, including 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days, were analyzed. At 7 days post-treatment, Tramadol showed a reduction in wound diameter compared to the control group, suggesting potential wound healing effects. The combination of Remifentanil with epineph...

Teedzai Chitura*

... probiotics. The search process was conducted with the use of electronic databases such as Science Direct, Google scholar, JURN, Directory of Open Access Journals, and Research gate. The keywords were “antibiotics’, “growth performance”, “meat quality”, “poultry”, and “probiotics”.The objective of this review study was to provide a comprehensive understanding of the application of probiotics in poultr...

Shama Sadaf1*, Ayesha Saeed1, Komal Hassan1, Zeeshan Ahmad2 and Maha Naeem Butt1

...or very little chemical processing. Turmeric spice is used in making natural dye. In this study dye was developed by using three concentration levels from turmeric powder. Then apply a dye on silk fabric after binding it with vinegar. The dye’s colour concentration and color fastness after 15 washes. This research is based on quantitative research. This is experimental research. In this study, access the color concentration on different stages and fastne...

Mercy Cuenca-Condoy1*, Lourdes Reinoso-García2, Juan González-Rojas2, Dionel García-Bracho3  

...ynebacterium xerosis, Macrococcus canis, Chryseobacterium bovis, Rothia endophytica, among others. However, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Lactobacillus mali and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequent bacteria in cases of subclinical bovine mastitis, reaching 23.4, 10.9 and 9.5% presence, respectively; Likewise, it was found that S. chromogenes and L. mali are more frequent in mechanical milking systems; S. aureus and S. uberis are present in equal frequenc...

Yousef Abdal Jalil Fadladdin1, Ateeq Ullah2*, Raheela Nawaz3, Yagoob Garedaghi4, Abbas M.A. Al-Azab5 and Mashael Abdullah Aldamigh6

...Each of the samples was processed in direct smear methods and examined under microscope first under low power objectives and then higher power Lense. Evidence of infection was noted by the presence of helminth eggs. Out of 200 samples 65% (n=130) were found to be infected with 2 species of soil transmitted helminths including 27% (n=54) A. lumbricoides and 35.5% (n=71) A. duodenale. Regarding ages, 11-12 years were highly infected. Females were observed to be ...

Sedef Selviler Sizer1, Semih Kurt1*, Burcu Onuk1, Gokmen Zafer Pekmezci2 and Murat Kabak1

...etles at the end of the process on skull materials cleaned by Dermestes beetles.

...
Abdul Asim Farooq1,2*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Hamid Akbar1
Muhammad Ashraf3, Saima Inayat4, Muhammad Usman Saleem5
Saeed Murtaza2, Maqbool Hussain Shah2 and Muhammad Arshad Javid5
...served that the healing process of the metacarpal and metatarsal fractured bones was reduced by bone plating, and bone wiring was ameliorated with the application of multiple BMA. We proposed further studies on larger cohorts. BMA may be used as supportive therapy to enhance the healing process of fractures in goats.

...
Mouhamed Zakiou Kolawole Adissa Raimi1, Ghulam Hussain2, Nousheen Zafeer3, Faheem Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan4, Anwar Ullah1, Imdad Kaleem1 and Asghar Shabbir1*
...nt. Afterwards, oligodendrocyte population was estimated in cerebellar white matter after histology. It was found that all three treatments efficiently induce remyelination. Interestingly, the mixture of honey and black seed was significantly more efficient than honey and black seed alone. Our data support the need of clinical trials for administration of N. sativa and honey in MS patients.

...

Iqra Munir*, Farrah Iftikhar, Hira Fatima, Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari and Roha Ramash

...ets. The identification process was conducted for all gathered samples. In this research study, documentation was carried out for 50 plant species distributed across 27 families. These species arranged with scientific names, common names, family names, plant part used and ethnopharmacological applications. There were 20- herbs, 13- shrubs and 18 tree species documented on the basis of their importance and medicinal uses. Frequently utilized plant components in...

Jin Jiao1, Jin Song1, Yuanyuan Cui1, Yilin Wang2, Yanling Li1, Jing Li1, Yan Su1, Xiaojing Du3, Yan Wang3, Guiping Sun3 and Minxiang Wei4*

...fect the rehabilitation process of MI, particularly in elderly patients. Medical staff should consider educating the impact of anxiety, depression, fatigue and sleep disorders on MI and how to determine the needs of patients regarding mental health, symptoms and self-care strategies.

...

Bushra AL-Khaqani, Amira Mohammed*  

...y and anti-inflammatory processes in the immune system. Our findings showed that RES may reduce asthma by activating anti-inflammatory genes, restoring lung barrier integrity, and decreasing proinflammatory cytokines and infiltrating inflammatory cells.
 

...

Saadatin Nurul Jannah1, Edhy Sudjarwo1, Osfar Sjofjan2*

...lobin, haematocrit, erythrocytes, leukocytes). The experimental design used a Complete Randomized Design, and the research data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), if a significantly different result is obtained, it is continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed no significant effect of treatment (P>0.05) on production appearance (feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, production index) and blood p...
Abdel Satar Arafa
...t other countries like Morocco, Tunisia, Uganda, Benin and Togo since 2016. Egypt and Morocco have applied a mass vaccination programme for commercial poultry to control the infection. The isolated viruses from poultry in Africa have been classified as G1 ‘Western’ Viruses and related to the circulating viruses in the Middle East. In addition to Y439 lineage recorded in South Africa farmed ostriches. The infectio...
Asad Ali1*, Khalid Javed1, Imran Zahoor1, Khalid Mahmood Anjum2, Numan Sharif1, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Aftab Hussain Aftab3
... to 2018. Least squares procedures (SAS, 9.1) were used to assess the effect year of service (YOS), season of service (SOS), parity of dam, and breeding ram on the expression of all reproductive traits. A derivative free REML algorithm was used to estimate heritabilities and repeatabilities with software WOMBAT®. The overall least squares means ± standard error for LSB, LWB, LMWB, LSW, LWW, LMWW and LI were 1.19±0.03, 5.75±0.17 kg, 4.8...

Muhammad Asif Iftikhar1, Talat Naseer Pasha2, Saima Inayat1, Khalid Javed3 and Rahman Ullah4*

... Holstein Friesian milk procured from Dairy Animal Training and Research Center, B-block University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki and Nili Ravi buffalo milk procured from Nili Ravi buffalo Research Institute (BRI), Pattoki. All other ingredients purchased from Sigma Aldrich Germany through local suppliers. Milk was standardized to 15% total solids with 3.5% fat. Skim Milk Powder (SMP) was used for the standardiz...

Aspen Abutalip*, Batyrbek Aitzhanov, Assiya Mussayeva, Vladislava Suchshikh, Natalya Yegorova

...fic Corporation. In the process of testing the prepared diagnostic system with vaccine strains of the causative agent of emphysematous carbuncle used for active immunisation of animals in Kazakhstan and field experiments with biological material from sick and deceased animals, results were obtained that indicate that the developed test system can be used to diagnose animal diseases. Testing the system on vaccine strains showed a highly specific immunological r...
Yanis Cruz-Quintana1*, Ana María Santana-Piñeros1, Byron Manuel Reyes-Mero1, Leonela Griselda Muñoz-Chumo1 and Lenin Cáceres-Farías1,2 
...% buffered formalin and processed by the paraffin inclusion technique, to evaluate the damages associated with parasites. Trichodina heterodentata was detected in specimens of P. brachypomus from the farm located in El Coca, with prevalence of 100%, and mean intensity of 0.21 ± 4.7 parasites per host. Histopathological analysis showed the presence of slight hyperplasia and thickening of the lamellae of parasitized fish. The fish from El Co...

Evy Rossi1*, Fajar Restuhadi1, Raswen Efendi1, Yusmarini1, Rahmayuni1, Emma Riftyan1, Bisma Panca Winata2, Yolanda Ashara2, Usman Pato1

...y of the yoghurt-making process. This research aimed to determine how many cycles the back-sloping fermentation using microencapsulated yogurt (MY) starter was applied and evaluate the quality of yogurt in each back-sloping fermentation cycle. The lactic acid bacteria contained in MY starter were Lactobacillus plantarum TMW 1.1623 and Streptococcus thermophilus in a 1:1 ratio. The research results showed that yogurt made from ultra-high temperature milk UHTM h...

Bilal Atta1*, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Asif Farooq3, Muhammad Ijaz1, Tahir Hussain Awan1, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub4, Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Amara Nasiba1

...aga incertulas, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Sogatella furcifera and Nilaparvata lugens. Population data spanning four years (2019-2022) were collected through the use of light traps revealed distinct peak populations for each species at different times. Scirpophaga innotata exhibited a consistent peak population in September, with a significant increase from 2019 to 2020, followed by a decline from 2020 to 2021. However, a remarkable increase was observed from 2...

Jinzhao Li1, Yawen Zhang2, Binghan Jia1, Yuqiong Zhao1, Huijuan Luo1, Xiaojie Ren1, Yuan Li3, Xiaoyan Bai1, Jing Ye3 and Junping Li1*

...jection of loperamide hydrochloride (Lop; 5mg/kg), and was evaluated by examining the fecal properties, intestinal propulsion mobility, immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB) and ELISA for detecting levels of Tau, P-Ser396-tau, P-Ser404-tau, protein kinase C (PKC), p38 MAPK (p38), p-p38 MAPK (p-p38) and µ-opioid receptors (MORs) in the colonic samples. The gene sequencing approach was used to detect alternatively spliced tau isoforms in the distal...
Sanaullah Sattar1, Ali Hussain1,2*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Arshad Javid1 and Shahid Mehmood1
...s liquid medium and the processed clay as the solid medium without and with the provision of Postgate B medium. After 60 days of anaerobic incubation, corrosion rate (CR) and average percent weight loss (APWL) of the steel pieces were calculated. Higher CR and APWL were observed in the liquid medium (water) than in the solid medium (clay). The CR and APWL in water were 249 ± 2 µg dm−2 d−1 and 4.16 ± 0.25 %, respectively, while t...

Hanita Fadhilla1, Shafia Khairani1,2*, Ahmad Fitrah3, Wendi Prameswari4, Nur Purba Priambada4, Indri Saptorini4, Imam Arifin4

...elop standard operating procedures for veterinarians in rehabilitation centers. From 2015 to 2022, 16 individual cases of air rifle shot to slow lorises were documented by Yayasan Inisiasi Alam Rehabilitasi Indonesia (YIARI), accompanied with radiology results and anatomical gross pathology examination. Medical records were evaluated based on lesions, clinical findings, radiological findings, surgical or conservative management (treatment), and survival rates....

Rehan Habib1, Khuram Mubeen1, Ammar Matloob1 and Muhammad Baqir Hussain2

...to
standard procedure data of growth and yield parameters of soybean and weeds were
taken.Data was statistically analyzed by using Fisher’s analysis of variance (ANOVA)
method. Comparison of employed treatment means were done with honest significant
difference (HSD), Tukey’s test at 0.05 probability. The maximum biological yield was
achieved in plots kept weed free over crop growth cycle 6...
Tabassum yaseen1*, Muzamil shah1, Khushnood Ur Rehman2 Ali Mujtaba Shah3, Gul
Nawaz1,Rani Gul4
...d by Aculospora, and Sclerocystis. The lowest Glomus spore
density is present in Fumaria parviflora (10.67±15.89). The spore density of AMF had a
strong positive correlation with soil pH and a negative correlation with the Phosphors
content of the soil. The highest vesicles are investigated Euphorbia heliscopia (14.33±9.5)
and the lowest in Cirsium arvense (3.33±1.53). Arbuscules were high in...
Muhammad Bilal Niaz1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Khuram Mubeen1, Mahmood Alam Khan1
and Wazir Ahmed2
...
following standard procedures. All recorded data were analyzed with the help of Fisher's
Analysis of Variance. The means of different treatments were separated by using Tukey’s
HSD test at 5% probability level. Horse purslane reduced the height of cotton plants by
26.51%, crop growth rate in terms of biomass by 28.44%, total dry matter 28.46% and
seed cotton yield by 45% as compared to weed free treatm...
Fawad Khan1, Zahir Muhammad1, Khushdil Khan2 , Shabir Ahmad2, Muhammad Jamil Khan3, Tamana Bakht4 And Asif Kamal2
...iv>
acetalization process. We done the fieldwork for the collection of weed plants and also
performed the experimental work i.e. SEM and LM for the pollen morphology. Most of the
species recorded with pollen of tricolporate and echinate. Species belonging to Asteraceae
were considered as most abundant and allergenic as compared to others. The maximum
polar diameter was noted in the Convolvulus arvensis L. i...

Kiran Rani1*, R. Aliya1, Barkat Ali Solangi2, M. Kashif Pervez2, Nasrullah Akhtar3 and Farman Ahmed4*

...e. Moreover, the dyeing process was optimized by varying fixing agent percentage and dyeing time. The influence of different variables on color uptake (K/S), fastness rating and color measurement were examined. The bioactive efficiency of seaweed extract and dyed fabric were also investigated against human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and were compared with commercial antibacterial and antifungal drugs. It was ...
Farrukh Avais1, Anser Ali1, Hamza Javed2, Muhammad Saleem3, Tehreem Tahir4,
Muhammad Rafiq5,*
...MP), which were further processed for 1:1 fractional distillation to prepare
methanolic n-hexane (MeOH_n-Hx), methanolic ethyl acetate (MeOH_EA) and
methanolic chloroform (MeOH_CHCl3) extracts, aiming to evaluate tyrosinase and antioxidant
activities in-vitro. Our results confirmed that all MeOH-crude AS and MP extracts
showed significant anti-oxidant activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.05 ± 0.2 mg/ml...
Wagner Antonio Gorozabel Muñoz1*, Mayra Jossenka Loor Solórzano1, Josselyn Gema Palacio Intriago1, Virginia Vanessa Andrade Andrade1 and Carlos Alfredo Cedeño-Palacios1,2 
 
...les were subjected to a process of selection, classification, sectioning process, dehydration at 60°C for 12 hours, and grinding at 210 mm. The physicochemical evaluation was determined by: fat NTE INEN-ISO11085AOAC 2003.06, ash NTE INEN-ISO 2171, moisture NTE INEN-ISO 712, protein NTE INEN-ISO 20483, fiber NTE INEN 542, carbohydrates; antioxidant capacity by DPPH and carotenoids by HPLC. The results showed that the flou...

Md. Shahidul Islam*, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Md. Sodrul Islam, Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil and Apurbo Kumar Mondal

...ers including total erythrocyte count (TEC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was determined. In case of growth performances group B showed significantly (p< 0.05) higher comparing to the group A and C. The lowest FCR found in group B comparing to the group A and C. In hematological analysis there was significant (p< 0.05) changes in TEC, HB, PCV in the group B compared t...

Nabeel Akhtar1, Owais Iqbal1,2*, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani1, Rehana Naz Syed1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1

...nd a simple application process for chemical control systems have made it practical and widely accepted. In the present study, ten different fungicides viz., Shincar, Antracol, Alliete, Ridomil Gold, Moncut, Systhane, Kocide, Evito, Nativo, and Topsin M at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ppm concentrations were tested in in vitro by poisoned food method against Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium albo-atrum and Macrophomina phaseolina. Our results showed that Nativo...

Fitrimawati*, James Hellyward

...ng Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. This research shows the leading commodities are competitiveness and priority to be developed in West Sumatera, especially such as the beef cattle, goats and also buffalo, laying hens, broilers, local chickens and ducks. The data obtained were analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. This research produces the leading commodities competitively and becomes the ...

Khalid Hussain*, Tanvir Hussain, Zahid Rauf and Nowsherwan Zarif

...ought sensitive with dendrochronological potential. It was hypothesized that A. pindrow is sensitive to climate change and records the variations in climatic factors. The past studies revealed the reliable dendrochronological potential and climate vulnerability of the species but the results were based on short samples. This study was aimed at exploring the climatic sensitivity of A. pindrow grown in ANP with sufficient samp...
YOUNAS KHAN BAROZAI,RASOOL BAKSH TAREEN,ARMAGHAN SHEHZAD,SHAZIA SAEED,Alia Ahmed,GHULAM MUHAMMAD ALI,SANIA BEGUM
Muhammad Zubair, Habib ur Rahman, M. Salim Jilani, Mehwish Kiran, M. Kashif Waseem, A.M. Khattak, A. Rahim, Atiq Ahmad Khan, A. Qayyum, A. Wahab
NASEER A. KHAN,R.A. SHAD,M. INAYAT KHAN,ABDUL GHAFOOR

Aftab Khan*, Yasir Khan and Saleem Iqbal 

...uo;s parameter tweaking processing. Image fusion is used to produce a single deblurred image by firstly generating multiple deblurring results through a restoration filter and onwards combining them. Consequently, image fusion produces a single high-quality deblurred image relinquishing the parameter tuning process and making deblurring independent of the restoration filter variability. Simulations were performed on various ...

Muhammad Umair Khan*, Zahid Rauf, Abdur Rehman, Tanvir Hussain and Mansoor Ali Khan

...unkhwa. Wood chips were processed by Kraft pulping, in Pulp and Paper laboratory of Forest Product Research Division, Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. Morphological characteristics of fibers at three different levels of freeness were determined to predict the pulping properties of ipil ipil (Leucaena leucocephala). The results show that all the considered fiber characteristics were found to influence the pulp sheet of Ipil ipil (Leucaena leucocephala). Ove...

Muhammad Bilal Zia1*, Ashar Farooq1, Hammad Ud Din1, Barkat Ullah Khan1 and Samee Ud Din2

...ion to develop advanced processes for its utilization.

...

Hafiz Muhammad Farooq Yaqub1, Sehrish Firyal1, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Rashid Saif2, Muti ur Rehman3, Muhammad Wasim1*

...o-RNA (miRNA), that are processed by Dicer from precursors with a characteristic hairpin secondary structure. miRNAs can regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs. In this study dog mammary tumor samples were collected to investigate the expression level of miRNAs hsa-222-3p, hsa-let-7b-5p and hsa-let-7f-5p and effect of their expression on the target genes (HMGA1 and CDKN1B)...

Hafiz Muhammad Farooq Yaqub1, Sehrish Firyal1, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Rashid Saif2, Muti ur Rehman3, Muhammad Wasim1*

...o-RNA (miRNA), that are processed by Dicer from precursors with a characteristic hairpin secondary structure. miRNAs can regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs. In this study dog mammary tumor samples were collected to investigate the expression level of miRNAs hsa-222-3p, hsa-let-7b-5p and hsa-let-7f-5p and effect of their expression on the target genes (HMGA1 and CDKN1B)...

Manar Neamah Al-Shreefy*, Suhaib A.H. Al-Taai 

...or routine histological procedures. The results showed that in neonate guinea pigs, the esophagus was a narrow muscular tube approximately 1.47±0.02 cm in length and 0.044±0.02 gm in weight, divided according to its position into three portions. The stomach was a transverse, transparent, whitish-pink sac-like structure of the digestive system with a weight of 1.13±0.05 gm, a length of 2.76±0.04 cm, and a capacity of 2.57±0.08...

Yasameen Waleed Al-Abedi1, Murtadha Kadhim Hasan2*, Alaa Abdalhadi Halboti3, Ali Abdulhussein Saleh Alsaeedi3, Rafed Abbas Kadhum1

...anding of the intricate process as well as the wide spectrum of biological processes. Also, it can offer novel therapeutic interventions. Epigenetic modifications are one of the most perspective field in regulating gene – with CRISPR-Cas as the instrument for the targeted modulations. Using the CRISPR-Cas system to remodel epigenetic marks, in particular DNA methylation and histone coordination, researchers are able to...
Manahil Wahab1 and Anwar Ali2
... 48% of the respondents procured saplings from private nurseries whereas 42% of the farmers produce planting stock in their own nurseries. Majority (82%) of the respondents reported that trees have negative effects on agricultural crops which results in loss of agricultural crop in the range of 20-50%. On the average the loss is 30%. However, the loss in agricultural crop is much below than the income from sale of trees on farmlands. Thus, farm forestry is a v...
Tanvir Hussain1, Said Akhtar2, Khalid Hussain3* and Zahid Rauf4
...ing standard laboratory procedures. Results showed that Walnut (Juglans regia) fibers were comparatively longer in llength followed by Pohu (Parotia jacouemontiana), Mulberry (Morus alba), Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Himalyan yew (Taxus wallichiana), Indian willow (Salix tetrosperma), Brown Oak (Quercus semicorpifolia), Tree of Heavan (Allianthus altisimia) and Himalayan poplar (Populus ciliate) while fibers of Salix tetrosperma were found with small...
Salman Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Basheer Ahmad1, Nowsherwan Zarif1* and Saif Ullah Khan1
...y of biotic and abiotic processes are contributing to the global decline in forest ecosystem and health. The country's expanding population (>208 million) is putting increasing strain on Pakistan's food production systems and forest resources, and this is having a negative impact on the nation's forest ecosystems. It is necessary to have efficient food systems that promote social acceptability, productivity, economic outputs, and the environment. Effective use...
Tanvir Hussain1, G. M. Nasir2, and Ayaz Marwat3
...for wood identification process....
Maaha Malik1, Muzakir Shah2, Muhammad Naqash2, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Safdar Ali Shah2, Bushra Khan1, Sayyed Masoom Shah2, Zahid Mahmood2, Syed Talha Kamil2, Kamal Anwar2 and Faisal Khalid2
...for contributing to the process to help in mitigation and adaptation. 100% respondents were of the view that governments has not taken serious steps in handling the issue of climate change. Therefore, 58% suggested that the government should prioritize different issues to address and neutralize damaging effects of climate change. The respondents were of the opinion that government should focus on issues like deforestation (12%), urbanization (11%), overpopulat...
Kaleem Mehmood1, Sultan Muhammad2 and Altaf Hussain3
...er day per household is procured from these plantations. The trend of more firewood use is also observed after plantation. Some portion of population also obtain low quality timber from these plantations such as small ballies etc. which is used in kacha, semi paka houses and sheds for livestock because the Chir plantation are not mature in the study area. These plantations help in creating the income opportunity of local communities by selling of wood like Euc...
Syed Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
... collected by the usual procedure from the selected plots of the study area i.e. from 0-90 cm depth. The soil samples were air dried grinded and packed tightly in plastic bottles and labeled. These samples were then used for further investigation. The soil layer, cover, depth, water holding capacity texture, pH, total organic matter, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), percent nitrogen (%N), phosphorus (%P) and potassium (%K) were determined in the soil of s...
Nasim Abbas, M. Yousaf Khan, Tanvir Hussain and Muhammad Zahid
...cturing work after some processing is carried out carefully. Its also recommended for a number of uses due to its better strength figures....
Bilal Ahmad1, Maqsood Anwar2 and Muhammad Sadiq Khan3
...le Habitat for Chukar is rocky and shrubby vegetation. Majority of the respondents i.e. 23 (57.5%) replied that there is illegal hunting of Chukar, 40 (100%) replied that hunting can be legalized through legal license and permits, and 27 (67.5%) replied that Causes of habitat destruction of Chukar is due to human population increase. Chukar mostly feed on wild seed and grain. There is an urgent need to conserve Chukar by improving their habitat in the study ar...
I. Mukhtar, R. Bajwa and G. Nasim
... identified during this process. Current research article covers; actual problems in shisham plantations and reason of controversy in pathology of dieback disease in Punjab (province), Pakistan. This review is intended to be of practical use to the foresters and pathologists reporting shisham dieback disease.

Key words: Shisham, dieback disease, plantations, forest.

...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir, Tanvir Hussain and Khalid Hussain Sulangi
...e somewhat difficult to process because of lower frequency or smaller diameter of the vessels. ...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad1, Syed Ajmal Rahim2, Junaid Mumtaz3 and Syed Akmal Rahim4
...ties. A random sampling procedure was adopted to select the five villages per division to collect the relevant data from 50 respondents, according to the pre tested structured questionnaire.

The average household size in the study area was 6 persons with 1-2 earning members per household. 60% were literate including 2% with religious education. The study revealed that 30% of the respondents have agriculture as a sole source of livelihood whereas 70% ...

A. S. M. Helal Siddiqui1, Abul Khair2, M. Masudur Rahman3 and S.M. Mosfeka Hasnin4
...organism namely Phaenerochaete subglobosa and Schizophyllum commune and locally identified Ganoderma appalanatum....
Hakim Shah1, Mamoona Wali Muhammad1 Muhammad Afrasiyab2 and Javed Iqba3
...ecision Analysis (MCDA) procedure was adopted in ArcGIS software for spatial modeling of site quality for afforestation. Analytical hierarchical process (AHP) defined multiple criteria using pairwise comparison matrix and the rating (weight) of each criterion was calculated. The results revealed that, by applying the selected parameters, 42% of land had the potential for afforestation within which 4% was recommended for dens...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
..., grass lands and barren rocks. Chi-square tests showed the species displayed significant habitat selection in relation to the availability. The species showed highly significant habitat and preferred mountain slopes highly significantly. The species preferred northerly aspects and foraged in the morning and evening to reduces stress heat. The findings conformed generally to other studies on the species. ...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir and Khalid Hussain Solangi
...ces of wood testing and processing and assess its better utilization. Results revealed that in Pilu wood, the fibers were short, medium in diameter, wide lumened, fairly thick-walled and occupied about one third volume of the wood. The vessels were medium in frequency, smaller in diameter and engaged minimum volume of the wood. The wood rays were medium in frequency, a bit larger in size and occupied almost one third wood volume as fibers. The axial parenchyma...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan
...natural Gas and other hydrocarbons. The result is reflected in shape of Gas and electricity load shedding apart from environmental hazards. Combustion of hydrocarbons in thermal power plants is reducing the oxygen four times the weight of hydrocarbon used in the power plants and is therefore detrimental to the very existence of life on this planet.

The arrangements proposed in th...

Ashar Farooq and Mubashir Hassan
...pling with random start procedure was adopted to collect the data. The study revealed that species composition of Cenchrus ciliaris was maximum (42.08%) followed by Eleusine flagellifera (27.41%) and Elionurus hirsutus (16.22%) respectively on the basis of cover percent data. The carrying capacity of the study area was 0.175 AU/ha/year which is quite low. Deteriorated condition of the rangeland could be improved by developing appropriate r...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...e the service life. The process of wood seasoning and preservation may be slow because of small to medium diameter of vessels however Mulberry and Ash wood could behave better due to larger diameter of earlywood vessels. Further, on the basis of fiber morphological characteristics, the wood of all the studied species may also be suitable for pulp and paper manufacture....
Naveed Ahmed and Amjad Usman
...es viz. Steward 150 EC, Proclaim 19 EC, Tracer 240 SC and Match 50 EC at recommended rates were tested against amaltas leaf stitcher Piesmopoda obliquifasciella Hamps. at Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. Results of the post-spray data recorded after 1, 3 and 7 days revealed that all the insecticides were significantly effective in reducing the larval population of the pest as compared to the untreated check. Steward 150 EC (Indoxacarb) was found to ...
Rahim Muhammad Akmal Syed1, Hasnain Shahida2, Mamoona Wali Muhammad3 and Jabeen Farkhanda4
... ecological degradation process. Based on physiographic, climate and ecology, Pakistan is divided into nine major ecological or vegetative zones, which are further sub-divided into 18 habitat types, an arrangement for the development of Protected Areas System in terms of representative ecotypes. During the survey of farm plantations, about 400 soil samples were collected and their physical and chemical analysis was conducted for the comparison of the four agro...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Hussain Bux Bhaagat
...on of waterfowls, Marsh crocodiles, otters and fish stock. About 1% of global population of globally threatened duck specie i.e. Marbled teal (Marmaronetta angustisvostris) breed in these lakes in May-July. According to the data Deh Akro II wildlife sanctuary provides good wintering ground to the migratory waterfowls, as there was least disturbance. Moreover, this lake is a good habitat for the crocodiles as 200 -250 ...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...vice life. However, the process of preservation and seasoning of wood may be slow. ...
G. M. Nasir and Iqbal Mahmood
... by standard laboratory procedure and observed under the microscope. For physical and mechanical properties (both in green and air dry conditions) the wood samples were prepared and tested according to ISO and ASTM standards. Results showed that Robinia wood is better in strength due to thick walled and long fibers. It is stronger than Shisham wood in different mechanical properties. The wood may be less durable but can be easily preserved with chemicals. Simi...
Kanwar Muhammad Suleman, Ghulam Mustafa Nasir and Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi
...e pulped by using Kraft process. Chips were cooked for 3 hours at 170oC and using 15 percent Active Alkali and 25 percent Sulphidity. Yield of the unbleached pulp was 42.5 percent. Pulp was easily bleachable by DEP bleaching sequence and brightness of the pulp was 80 percent. Planting of Sesbania may improve the salt affected lands and increase the income of farmers through the sales of wood and raising the livestock....
Ghayyas Ahmad, Anwar Ali, Miskeen Ali and Irfan Akhtar
...he Analysis of Variance procedure and the Duncan multiple range test. Results reveal that at 5% level of significance there were significant differences between the three treatments as far as diameter growth was concerned. As regards the effect on height growth, no significant differences between the three treatments were observed. It is concluded that pruning of hybrid poplar may result in the production of good quality knot-free timber but it may reduce its ...
Majid Azizi and Mohammad Modarres
... the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) ratings approach. A control hierarchy is then created and prioritized using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) to evaluate the control criteria of the system. There are a total of 19 control criteria in the system and each controls a decision network evaluated using the ANP. The final synthesis of the system shows external procurement is the best choic...
G. M. Nasir and Noreen Fatima
...ter due to which drying process and preservative treatment of these woods may be slow. Furthermore, on the basis of Runkel ratio, the wood of all the studied species may also be suitable for pulp and paper manufacture....
Maryam Aziz, Noreen Fatima, Ghulam Mustafa Nasir, Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi and Kanwar Muhammad Suleman
... may be pulped by Kraft process. At 15 percent active alkali and 25 percent sulphidity, yield of the pulp was about 50.3 percent. As far as strength properties were concerned, at 66 SRo (Schopper Regiler), Breaking Length of the paper was recorded 6181 km. These results clearly indicate that pulp industry can use Melia azedarach wood for Kraft pulping in the country....
Hasanuzzaman, Md., H. Mahmood, H.L. Sharif and Md. N. Islam
...me. During the leaching process, 71%, 75% and 36% of initial concentration of P, K and Na in leaf litter were decreased, respectively after 24 hours and they showed significant (NAOVA, p<0.05) negative curvilinear relationship with the leaching time.

Keywords: Dalbergia sissoo, Leaching, Nutrients, Weight loss.

...
Majid Azizi
...by Analytical Hierarchy Process. The amounts of the indicators with regard to alternatives were obtained from factories in public and private sectors. These weights were employed in TOPSIS to rank the alternatives. Finally the potential provinces were identified according to the priorities obtained by this technique. The results showed that Kurdistan Province has the best priorities for establishment of Wood industry plants.

Keywords: Wood industry, ...

G. R. Keerio
...rations of regeneration process from seed collection to the protection of regeneration area require special attention in order to obtain the desired success. The artificial regeneration process includes three phases viz. pre-abkalani (before the arrival of inundation water), mid-abkalani (while inundation water is receding) and post-abkalani (after complete receding of inundation water).

The extent of annual regenerati...

Anwar Ali and Hakim Shah
...g is done to check this process, these forests will soon disappear. The study suggests the introduction of participatory forest management system for sustainable development of the resource and improvement of the rural livelihood of the area....
Mohammad Athar and Syed Mahmood Nasir
... olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae) in California. Since its first appearance in California in 1998, the olive fruit fly has spread from Los Angeles to 37 counties, including all of the state's commercial olive growing areas. Olive fruit fly was trapped from 19 tree species belonging to nine genera distributed in seven families of angiosperms. Olives (Family Oleaceae) were the preferred host of the olive fruit fly. Family Rosaceae has nine tree speci...
Iqbal Mahmood and Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi
...hite siris (Albizzia procera) and mango (Mangifera indica) displayed small movement (< 3.0%).

Key words: Wood species, Tangential Movement, Radial Movement.

...
Muhammad Arif Chaudhary, Muhammad Akbar and Muhammad Ajmal Khan
... other four ones. Image processing for drainage network depicted 8 large and small rivers / streams draining out eventually in to the Indus river. All the rivers/ streams were run through Charsadda and Mardan districts except the Shah Alam in the northern part of Peshawar district.

Keywords: Visual Interpretation of LANDSAT TM, Peshawar Basin, Land use

...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...der standard laboratory procedures and studied for the frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements. Results showed that the fiber length and wall thickness generally increased from pith to bark. The fiber diameter increased progressively upto a distance of 5cm from pith after that it decreased somewhat or remained more or less constant. The vessel diameter was found to increase up to 4cm distance from the pith, reaching to its maximum val...
Kiramat Khan1, Tahir Sajjad2, Nasrullah Jan Malik2, Hassan Sher3, Farrukh Hussain4 and Muhammad Iqbal1
...s (Bergenia ciliata, Crocus sativa, Dioscorea deltoidea, Paeonia emodi, Polygonum amplexicaule and Viola serpense) at four different locations in upper Swat valley during 2000-2001. The altitude of these locations ranged from 1200 to 1900 m.a.s.I. Suitability of ex-situ cultivation of these medicinal plant species and their economic feasibility was also worked out. The highest mean survival percentage of 80.7 across location -was observed for ...
Bashir Ahmed Wani1, Shakeel Haider Zaidi2, Hakim Shah3 and Muhammad Muslim4
... as well as allied food processing and cosmetic industries.

Keywords: Marketing potential, Herbal drugs, Medicinal plants.

...
Sarfaraz Hussain Bangash
... flowering and fruiting process and increases seed & fruit formation, activities salt absorption, Increases seed & Fruit formation, hormone movement, metabolism of pecitc sustances, water metabolism and the water relations in plants and respiratory activities. Boron is said to be a constituent of membranes and serve in precipitating excess cations.

...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...der standard laboratory procedures and data was collected by wood image weighing method for the percentage of wood volume occupied by fibers, vessels, longitudinal parenchyma and wood rays in each species. Results showed that in Acacia nilotica, Dalbergia sissoo, Fraxinus excelsior. Albizzia lebbek, A. procera, Mangifera indica, Alnus nitida, Juglans regia, Populus euphratica. Quercus incana, Platanus orientalis, Acer cae...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Muhammad Nawaz Rajpar
...i> Linn., Calotropis procera R.Br., Datura alba Ness, Lantana camara Linn., Myrtus communis Linn., Sapium sebiferum Roxb., and Thevetia neriifolia Juss were tested for biological activity at the rate of 5% (5g:100ml) against termites, nettle tree leaf beetle (Diorhabda lusca) and amaltas leaf stitcher (Piesmopoda obliquifasciella). Decoction of these plant species provided significant protection against t...
Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Mushtaque, Aqeela Mubeen Akhtar, Nighat Chughtai and Shaheena Ramzan
...ause the multiplication process is quite speedy and the ramets so produced are devoid of pathogens. Plantlets of Ipil Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) were obtained through multiplication of ex-plants produced from aseptically raised germinates of the species. In the basal media (MS + 5 micro molar BAP), ex-plants started differentiating shoot buds at high frequency. These aseptically developed plantlets were shifted to earthen pots for rooting without appl...
Abdul Qayyum Khan, Bashir Ahmad Wani, Hakim Shah and S. Irfanullah
...21 monthly on fire wood procurement Women play a key role in energy resources control and utilization. With the exception of blacksmiths and food caterers, the cottage industries have no additional impact on energy consumption other than the normal household fuel consumption....
G.A. Bajwa and H. Gul
...ltas) and Calotropis procera (AK), to test their pesticidal effect, were tried separately and in mixture as growth inhibitor and pesticide in the laboratory against Plusia orichalcea, a serious defoliator of nursery plants being environmentally safe for this purpose seed of A. indica, bark of C. fistula and leaves & tender shoots of C. procera were used The reduction in larval body weight i...
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir, and Khalid Hussain Sulangi
...done by the software Dendroclimb 2002. Tree-ring chronology showed a strong positive response to precipitation (p<0.05) and weak response to temperature. Significant positive correlation was found with January of the current growth season in case of annual temperature and August to precipitation. These findings showed that the Pinus wallichiana growth is mainly limited to precipitation rather than temperature, and the species has potential for the clima...
Khalid Hussain and G. M. Nasir
... by standard laboratory procedures and observed under the microscope. Data were collected for the frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements/structures. Results revealed that in Elm wood, the fibers were longer, medium in diameter, wide lumened and fairly thick-walled due to that the wood may be relatively better in strength. The vessels were lower in frequency but quite larger in diameter and the wood can be seasoned without any difficu...
Iqtidar Hussain and Adnan Noor Shah
...Bindweed, barley, London rocket, wild safflower, Wild oat, common lambsquaters, Bird�s seed grass, Broad leaved dock and Umbrella milkweed .In addition to the control, 10 ml of dry leaf water extract was applied at intervals of 3 days for each treatment. The data obtained after 20 days showed that the fresh weight and dry weight of each tested weed were significantly reduced compared to the treatment with water (control). Germination, root length (cm), shoot l...
G. A. Bajwa and Hanif Gul
...rodidae), Catopsilia crocale Cram. (Pieridae), Cyrtopeltis tenuis Reut. (Miridae), Drosicha stebbingii Gr. (Margarodidae), Heliothis armigera Hueb. (Noctuidae), H. peltigera Hueb. (Noctuidae), Lumantria sp. Walk. (Lymantriidae), Nyzus persicae Sul. (Aphididae), Odontotermes obesus Ram. (Termitidae), Plusia orichalcea Fab. (Noctuidae), P. nigrisigna Fab. (Noctuidae), Phycodes radiat...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir and Iqbal Mahmood
...er standard laboratory procedures. In all the studied species, vessels were found larger in size, the fibres were thin walled and wide lumened and frequency and size of wood rays was somewhat higher. The wood of all the three species could behave better in seasoning and preservation, chemical treatment may be necessary to enhance the durability of wood and can be used for pulp and paper due to favourable fiber morphological characteristics. On the bas...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
..., E. fruticetorum, E. microcorys, E. pallidifolia, E. redunca, E. crebra, E. tereticornis, E. microtheca, E. milanophloia, E. ochrophloia, E. toerelliana and E. citriodora were studied for their fibre morphological characteristics. Runkel ratio, felting power, flexibility co-efficient and rigidity co-efficient ratios were derived from the average values of fiber dimensions. E. crebra was found the most suitable for high bursting strength, ten...
Shams-ur-Rehman
...cacia nilotica, Albizia procera, Leucaena leucocephala and Robinia pseudoacacia were rated best. Steps to bring about further genetic improvement in these species are discussed....
Muhammad Rafique Sardar
...projects and evaluation processes. The paper suggests that forestry activities must be integrated with rural development. It further suggests that the importance of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation (PME) of forestry projects must be recognized and evaluation must be made an integral part of the plans....
Md. Serajuddoula, A. S. Khan, M. R. Islam and M. A. H. Shahjalal
...sada koroi (Albizzia procera) and soan boloi (Hibiscus tilliaceus) showed promising for Rangabali location. Where as in Kukri-mukri location the promising species were raintree (S. saman), pyra (P. dulce), kala koroi (A. lebbeck), sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo), jam (Syzygium cumini) and babla (A. nilotica). These plantations of above mentioned species established in the coastal areas are likely to offer susta...
Kanwar Muhammad Suleman and Nadeem Kausar
...chanical Pulping (APMP) processes. Kraft pulp from Paper mulberry whole wood has the superior strength properties compared to the Soda or APMP pulps. However, APMP process gives the higher yield than Soda or Kraft pulps. High yield pulp from Paper mulberry bark may be used for the supplementation to the hardwood or non-wood pulps to improve their tear properties. The present study fully justify the establishment of Pa...
Kanwar Muhammad Suleman and Muhammad Ayaz
... of integration in the processing of Eucalyptus wood. However, chip production cost could be reduced through economies of scale, specialization, using improved technology and cut down in the transportation cost....
Hanif Gul
...als with chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides afforded protection for more than 20 years while trials with pyrethroids are in progress and have shown efficacy for the last seven years....
K. M. Suleman
...n bamboo species (Daldrocalamus hamiltonii, Dandrocalamus strictus and Bambusa tulda) were pulped by soda process to investigate their pulping potential as a source of long fiber pulp in Pakistan. All the species can be pulped by soda process. D. hamiltonii gave the highest yield and the best tearing strength properties. Tearing...
Sahibazada M. Hafeez
...t tolerant species were procured from CSIRO Australia, plants raised in the nursery and then out planted in the field trial during September, 1990. Three years survival and growth data have been analysed and better performing salt tolerant species have been identified. ...
Udo Schickhoff Dr.
...torical transformation processes from forests into farm and rangelands can be differentiated into several periods with varying degrees of intensity. It turns out that the dynamics of landscape change are heavily dependent on the general socio-economic conditions. Until the beginning of the nineteenth century the Kaghan Valley was very thinly populated. Substantial changes in the distribution of forests and agricultural lands occurred in the first two ...
K. M. Siddiqui
...nancial assistance of Winrock International Office of Forestry Planning and Development Project. Islamabad. The Workshop was attended by a large number of Officers of Ministry of Food. Agriculture and Cooperatives, provincial and Azad Jammu and Kashmir Forest Departments, members of Technical Assistance Team of Winrock International. USAID Office in Islamabad, Capital Development Authority and some retired senior ...
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
... seedling establishment process of dominant forage grasses found on arid and semiarid rangelands in Baluchistan. A controlled environment study was conducted to determine differences in leave and tiller development and root development between seedlings of Chrysopogon aucheri (Boiss.) staph, and Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult, at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after emergence. Chrysopogon aucheri seedlings generally had great...
K. M. Siddiqui and B. H. Shah
...e roaded catchments, microcatchments, and individual basins proved effective and economical for dry affoestation. Plastic mulching, drip irrigation, pitcher irrigation and deep planting were also successfully used for this purpose. A number of multipurpose tree species adapted to the desert environmental conditions in Thal were identified. These were Acacia albida, Acacia tortilis, Acacia elata, Tecoma undulate, Acacia victoriae, Tamarix aphylla, Ac...
K. M. Siddiqui and Saliheen Khan
... east. Great expanses of rocky desert, bare of vegetation, dominate the landscape at 5,000 to 6,000 m elevation in this tract. Over half the territory is glacier, rock and scree. Mountain ranges form a natural barrier to summer monsoons, making the climate dry. Most of the precipitation falls as snow and the climate undergoes extremes of temperature - dry and hot (Upto 35°C) in summer and dry and cold in winter. ...
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
...age of the recruitment process....
K. M. Siddiqui
...ergency or wars. In the process, attempts were made to convert their existing natural forests into normal forest but little success was achieved in this regards even after many decades of efforts. The protective functions of the forests were recognized for mountains, and sub-mountain regions only. In some situations, especially in Indo-Pakistan sub-continent, effect of forests on general climate was also considered to be important. The local people l...
Raza-ul-Haq
...re conducted to study microclimate and natural regeneration of Abies pindrow in the moist temperate forests of Pakistan at Kund. It has been concluded that tree and vegetative cover from Viburnm and Tree plus viburnm greatly affects the PAR levels reaching seedlings. Under these conditions, the quantity of PAR reaching at seedlings height was reduced to 2-4% of total PAR received in the open conditions. After seeds germinate, mortality rates of ...
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...h and Calotropis procera were used to determine their efficacy against Plecoptera reflexa larvae, an important defoliator of shisham plantations. In case of A. indica and M. azedarach seed powder was used for making 10% water extract and for D. alba and C. procera leaves, branches and stem were boiled in water for making 15% and 21% decocations, respectively. The experimen...
M. Ayaz and G. M. Nasir
...ossing, ray tracheids, procumbent cells, vascular tracheids, pits on vascular tracheids and pit pores. On the basis of these anatomical variations a key is prepared for the identification of important conifers of Pakistan....
Wali-ur-Rehman and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...xhibiting nocturnal and processoinary behavior, live for 10 to 11.5 months, mid August to end of June next year. Pupation takes place from mid June to end of July for a period of 1-2 months. Their life cycle is annual....
K. M. Siddiqui
...or development planning process. The process was started with the formation of Six-Year National Development Programme (1951-57), a part of co-operative effort under the Colombo Plan. The Programme was a collection of projects rather than a development plan and was replaced in 1955 by the First Five Year-Plan. The next twenty years since 1955 were covered under four consecutive medium-term (five year) plans. The f...
K. M. Siddiqui
...ergency or wars. In the process, attempts were made to convert their existing natural forests into normal forest but little success was achieved in this regards even after many decades of efforts. The protective functions of the forests were recognized for mountains, and sub-mountain regions only. In some situations, especially in Indo-Pakistan subcontinent, effect of forests on general climate was also considered to be important. The local people l...
Muhammad Khurshid Swati and Muhammad Afzal Cheema
...ume of the tree. In the process of harvesting and conversion into logs or scants a certain proportion of the standing volume is lost as smallwood, Pharas, kurf or left as stump on the ground. The outtern volume of trees in logs or in scants primarily depends on parameters such as species, taper, site quality and density of the crop. At present there is no sound basis for accurate assessment of outturn volume in the form of logs and scants a certain fo...
Editor
...tific lines, marketing, processing and involvement of the end users i.e. industrial manufacturers....
Bashir Hussain Shah
... and Raisan (Kohat). Microcatchments, conservation trenches, gradonii and simple pits were used for planting Eucalyptus canaldulensiss, Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia nilotica and A. modesta seedlings. Preliminary results based on the years data are presented in this article. All the three techniques proved effective for the establishment of tree species. Both the survival as well as growth rate of seedlings planted with water conservation...
K. M. Siddiqui
...ties and constraints in processing and marketing of silk cocoons and raw silk. The prices of cocoons also fluctuate considerably from year to year, thus adversely affecting economic returns to the farmers....
M Ayaz, M.A. Cheema, H. Duerrstein and M. Kleine
...quantity and its manual processing was always a time consuming and tedious task. Consequently, the results obtained in this way were not of a desired standard and mostly not available on time. This was a big hinderance in the efficient execution of forestry operations. To overcome these difficulties, the Pak-German Project assisted the PFI in developing modern data processing facilities by providing suitable comput...
M. Kleine
...rated and the complete procedure of selecting an appropriate design, implementing it in the field, data processing and interpretation of the results are described....
K. M. Siddiqui and M. Khan
...ing and its tolerance of rocky, disturbed and relatively infertile soils. It is grown as an ornamental and in shelterbelts (Beckjord and Melhuish, 1983)....
S. I. Zafar, Ulfat Naheed, N. Abdullah and M. Yasin
...ding of the degradation process but have the applied potential to optimize production of feed and feed stack from lignocellulosics. In the present paper has been presented biochemical composition of Dalbergia sissoo degraded by various brown and white rot fungi in the natural habitat, their cow reticulo-rumen digestibility, and isolated D. sissoo lignin bio-degradation by some basidiomycetes under cultural conditions....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...nabated since ages. The process has not only destabilized the fragile ecosytems but also has resulted in steep decrease in the wildlife population. As a matter of fact several species of flora and fauna are on the verge of extinction. All wildlife in Pakistan as to lean so heavily on assorted vegetation for shelter, food, survival and multiplication. The article brings into sharp focus the necessity of giving maximum attention to the protection of habitat to ...
K. M. Siddiqui and Iqbal Mahmood
...cordance with standard procedures....
Mian Mohammad Muslim
...gs (seeds) of silkworms procured from Japan and Korea, were subjected to self crossing for seven generations during 1977 to1983 at Sericulture Research Laboratory, Lahore. The pure strains of Japanese, Chinese and European races separating as a result of their segregation, were picked up on the basis of their respective racial characteristics. The pure lines of Japanese, Chinese and European races, so obtained, were given the following names....
S. Fazal Hussain and Arfa Yasmin
...The study would help in process development and its economic feasibility evaluation....
Wulf Killmann
... product envisaged....
K. M. Siddiqui
...trees of this age were procured for pilot scale pulping and paper making tests. Approximately 41.5 tons of chir pine wood in green condition was chipped on multiple knife chippers with 0.7, 1.5, 95.0 and 2.8% production of knots, oversize, acceptable chips and fines respectively. Energy consumption was found to be 9.75 kWh per ton of green wood. Three digesters, each containing 6 tons of wood on oven dry weight basis were cooked. Average screened pulp yield ...
K.M. Siddiqui, Jaleel Ahmad Khan and Iqbal Mahmood
...ance with the standard procedures. The wood properties of Chilghoza pine and deodar are comparable in air-dry condition. Some suggestions for proper utilization of Chilghoza pine wood are given....
Mohammad Shariq Khan, Altaf Ahmad and Anwar Ahmad Khan
...ra nebrodensis var. procera F.M. is the main source of income of the Forest Department of Baluchistan. The plant is being used in medicine from very ancient times and its curing properties are because of the presence of an alkaloid ephedrine (C10 H15 N0). Ephedra plants are a good remedy for curing bronchial asthma, cold, cough, urticaria, renal colic, itching, typhoid, hey fever and body pains. It can also be used as a tan...
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...l requirements of food processing and allied pharmaceutical industries and the demand is on the increase....
S. Hasan Abbas
...e analysed according to procedure given in the Silvicultural Research Code Vol 3 by A.L. Griffith and Jagdamba Prasad (1949)....
G. M. Khattak Dr. and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...y physical weathering of rocks - mainly conglomerate, limestones, sandstones, shales Mias occurred. And the properties of soils are generally determined by their depth, texture, gravel content, water infiltration and moisture holding capacity, and by topography and drainage. About one third of the area comprises bare rock. Over the rest the soil is shallow, light grey brown, gravelly clay loam with a surface covering of grav...
Raja Walayat Hussain and M. Afzal Cheema
...ession (1). It has been processed into useful garden and farm products (4). It has been accepted as a marketable product in the form of soil amendments and decorative mulches used in landscaping (3). Recent studies conducted in P.F.I. (2) show that chir pine bark can be used as a tanning material. Bark volume estimation will thus help in the development and utilization of this material. 683 chir pine trees constitute the basic data for these tables. ...
Mirza Hakim Khan Dr.
...by the disintegration of rocks is generally fertile and varies from clay loam to sandy loam. ...
K.M. Siddiqui and M. Khan
...ogram of this seed was procured and sown in the nursery at Nawanshehr (Abbottabad) alongwith the seed of this species which was collected from seed stands selected from amongst the best natural stands of chir pine in the same locality under our Agricultural Research Council project (1). This note compares the performance of one year old seedlings raised from two types of seed....
Mirza Hakim Khan Dr.
...ones constitute the main rocks. The climate is mainly sub-tropical with mean annual rainfall of about 500 mm mean maximum temperature of about 37°C for June and mean minimum temperature of 0°C got January, with definite but not severe frost period. Three plant communities' viz. Rhazya stricta, Salvadora oleoides, Acaia modesta, Olea cuspidata, Dodonaea viscosa and Cymbopogon jwarancusa, Cenchrus ciliaris, Dodonaea viscose occur. ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
... One of these is Denderocalamus strictus and the other one is yet to be identified, although it is indicated as Denderocalamus by the Forest Botanist. Denderocalamus strictus is a tropical species and its extreme limit is the Margalla Hills in Rawalpindi District. It also grows naturally in the salt range. Forest Department, Punjab has been trying this bamb...
Taj Ali Wazir and S. M. A. Shah
...d to get at the optimum procedure. The anatomical characteristics, length, diameter and ratio of length to diameter of the ultimate fibers were evaluated. The effects of stage of harvesting, methods of retting, different levels of relative humidity, and anatomical characteristics on the strength of the filaments were examined. ...
Faqir Mohammad Khan
... to implementation. The procedure is that aerial photography is carried out on two scales. The small 1:50,000 scale is used for mapping and the larger 1:20,000 scale is used for photo interpretation and for photo measurements. Some of the photo plots are visited in the field for verification and establishment of correlation as well as for recording of additional information. The data collected through photo interpretation, photo measurements and ground measure...
M. A. Tahir
...ailed level. The normal procedure of such surveys viz a viz grid basis was not adhered to; rather problematic spots were given special attention. Nine soil series were characterized and mapped. Potential of each soil series towards suitability for irrigated plantation was assessed. The soils were classified according to the modified land capacity classification system of USDA (Ashraf et al, 1970). It was estimated that more than 70% area was first clas...
Editor
...medals and prizes. The proceedings started with the recitation from the Holy Quran. After that Mr. S. K. Khanzada, Director General, Pakistan Forest Institute welcomed the Chief Guest and other guests. The welcome address of the Director General is reproduced as downloadable attached PDF....
A. R. Beg
... in Pakistan. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees is a tropical species. As a natural growth, it is extremely rare and is known to occur only at a very few places in Pakistan. It was recorded so far in the Margalla Hills, Nurpur Hills and Chattar, Islamabad-Murree Road, in eastern Salt Range and Shahpur, Kandi and in Billawar, Mirpur, Udhampur and Jammu upto an altitude of 800 m (Stewart, 1972). During a recent visit to Buner,...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...medals and prizes. The proceedings started with the recitation from the Holy Quran. After that Mr.S.M. Ishaq, Director General, Pakistan Forest Institute welcomed the Chief Minister and other guests. The welcome address of the Director General is reproduced: Honourable Chief Minister, Distinguished Guests. Ladies and Gentlemen: It is my proud privilege and pleasant duty to extend a cordial welcome to you, Sir, and to the distinguished guests who have graced ...
F. W. Khan, Khawas Khan and M.N. Malik
...any cumbersome steps in processing....
Qamar A. Abbasi and Narjis Yousuf
...ing to the genus Macrocephalus swederus is described below from Swat and is compared with Macrocephalus notatus Westwood its close ally. This is the first record of a phymatid from Pakistan....
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Altaf Ahmad
...ld increase the rate of procurement of opium to attract the cultivators to hand over their opium produce to the Department. Cultivation of Papaver somniferum on state owned farms or by private firms under the super-vision of Excise Department has been recommended....
Dr. K. M. Salim and Gul Shahid
...barren, mountaineous and rocky with few level plains. Cherat is a cantonment town built by the British Army authorities in 1865. The forests around the cantonment were declared as Forest Reserve in that year and protected from felling, grazing and other disturbances. There are other villages in the area, which are connected to one another by narrow and difficult paths, and by moderately good roads to Nowshera and Pabbi. The Cherat range lies i...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
... medals and prizes. The proceedings started with a recitation from the Holy Quran. After that Mr. S. M. Ishaq, Director General, Pakistan Forest Institute welcomed the Governor and other guests. The welcome address of the Director General is reproduced....

Hafsa Tauqir1, Imran Ahmad2 and Muhammad Bilal Sadiq1*

...t of the beetroot juice processing industry but is a potential source for bioactive compounds with strong antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity. The purpose of the study was to determine the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant content and betalain content of beetroot pomace extract (BPE) under optimized extraction conditions. Beetroot pomace was further used to develop a flavored yogurt. The highest responses for DPPH inhibition (66.6%), betaxa...

Mohammad Umar* and Gohar Ayub

... on growth and yield of broccoli at Horticulture Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during the growing season in 2016-17 and repeated in 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement. Irrigation timings were kept in main plot, while irrigation levels in sub plot. Two years average results revealed that irrigation timings, levels and their interactions had significant effects on gr...

Dunia Tahseen Nema Al-Aridhi 

... 342 individuals. A reciprocal association was identified between eGFR and levels of uric acid. (p<0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that serum uric acid predicted renal function at 7.5 mg/dl. In a logistic regression model, elevated uric acid levels independently increased renal dysfunction risks.This study provides evidence for a bidirectional relationsh...
Rizwan Maqbool1, Bilal Ahmad Khan*2, Sumbal Parvez3, Muhammad Ather Nadeem2, Azhar
Hassan1, Jamshaid Qamar2, Ali Nawaz1, Muhammad Adnan2, Rafia Khalid3, Muhammad
Usman2
...ng standard
procedures. Results revealed that the aqueous extract of A. officinalis at higher
concentration (80%) act as bioherbicide and produced inhibitory effects on R. sativus that
resulted in maximum time to 50% germination (4.68 days) and mean germination time
(9.05 days) while minimum germination index (3.60), germination percentage (85.00%),
shoot length (42.4 cm), root length (25.90 cm), shoo...
Rizwan Maqbool1, Bilal Ahmad Khan*2, Sumbal Parvez3, Muhammad Ather Nadeem2,
Muhammad Mughees Ud Din4, Jamshaid Qamar2, Muhammad Waqas1, Muhammad Mohsin
Amin2, Burhan Khalid1
...ng
standard procedures. Results Reveals that the aqueous extract of A. officinalis at higher
concentration (80%) act as bioherbicide and produced inhibitory effects on R. sativus result
in Maximum time to 50% germination (6.70 days) and mean germination time (10.00 days)
while minimum germination index (4.70), germination percentage (66.60%), shoot length
(49.8 cm), root length (8.16 cm), shoot fresh ...
Malik F. H. Ferdosi1, Iqra Haider Khan2, *Arshad Javaid2, Muhammad Nadeem3 and
Ayesha Munir4
...y.
...

Hina Ilyas1, Umar Hanif2, Anser Ali1, Zahid Hassan Tarar3,Hamza Javed4, Tehreem Tahir5, Muhammad Rafiq6*

...ared which were further processed for fractional distillation using ethyl acetate (EA), n-hexane (n-Hx) and chloroform (CHCl3) preparing total 20 extracts aiming to test their anti-tyrosinase potential, in-vitro. Our results confirmed that all C. bergamia and F. carica crude extracts showed significant anti-oxidant activity with IC50 range of 384.2 ± 19.1 to 77.3 ± 10.0 μgmL-1, collectively. Moreover, significant anti-tyrosinase activity for C...

Rizwan Maqbool1, Bilal Ahmad Khan2*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem2, Sumbal Parvez3, Muhammad Mohsin Amin2, Jamshahid Qamar2, Azhar Hassan1, Muhammd Alam Elahi1, Jamshed Haider1, Muhammad Irfan4 and Memuna Ghafoor Shahid5

...rded following standard procedures. Results of our study revealed that the higher concentration acted as bioherbicide and exhibited inhibitory effects on R. sativus while the low concentration it showed hermetic effect and promoted the seedling growth. Among different phenolic compound (syringic acid, p-crumeic, ferulic acid, quercetion and gallic acid) were determined in aqueous extract of bark of C. verum, maximum quercetion (12.3%) and minimum syringic acid...

Malik F. H. Ferdosi1, Iqra Haider Khan2, Arshad Javaid2*, Hafiz Muhammad Saeed1, Ifrayeem Butt2 and Ayesha Munir3

... that generally grows in rock crevices. In the present study, flowers of this weed were collected from Murree, Pakistan. The dried flowers were extracted in methanol and subjected to GC-MS analysis that showed 7 compounds in it. The predominant compound was hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (48.88%) followed by γ-sitosterol (22.56%). Moderately occurring compound was cyclohexane, 1,3,5-triphenyl- (12.87%). The remaining compounds namely n-hexadec...

Hong Chen1,2, Jiawei Liu1,2, Chuan Lin1,2, Hao Lv1,2, Jiyun Zhang1,2, Xiaodong Jia1,2, Qinghua Gao1,2 and Chunmei Han1,2*

...ggested that the repair process of antler damage after top pruning treatment mainly promotes the proliferation and differentiation of antler chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and T lymphocytes through biological signals such as WNT, IHH, and IL2RA to ensure the development of antler tissue again after top pruning. To sum up, our data implied that BVES gene regulated mesenchymal stem cells’ proliferation and differentiation ac...

Muddassir Ali, Fraz Ahmad Khan*, Mohsin Ali Raza, Muhammad Shahid Munir and Muhammad Usman Saleem

...y during the harvesting process. Rice yield and quality losses may be minimized with the use of a suitable harvesting method. This study aims to evaluate the different paddy harvesting methods in terms of grain losses and head rice yield. This research evaluated the three harvesting methods: a Head-feed harvester (model PRO-588I-G, Kubota, Japan), a Whole-stalk harvester (model 8060, NH, Italy), and manual harvesting. The experiments were carried out on an are...

Md. Maniruzzaman1, Md. Kamrul Haque1,3, Md Rokonuzzaman2, Md. Mahmudul Hasan3, Rumana Biswas4, Md. Mustafizur Rahman5, Tahmina Akter Rimi6, Md. Rahat Uz Zaman7*, Md. Alauddin8, Md. Abdul Baki9 and Md. Yeamin Hossain10

...season product wastage, processing food and encouraging private investment in the industry. This article recommends a new marketing chain that combines several alternative methods such as food processing, exporting to other countries, and involvement of GOs-NGOs and research institutes with the overall production system in terms of training, information transformation, and market research. The pandemic disproportionately aff...

Sariffudin Fatmona*, Abdurahman Hoda, Sri Utami 

...d female BK Kampung reciprocally. Chickens resulting from this cross are placed in colonies based on age and gender. The parameters measured are the phenotypic characters of the cross. Then the data was analyzed using the variance test. The results showed that body weight, Shank Circumference, Shank Length, Comb Height, Beak Length, and Pubic Bone Width had significant differences (P<0.05) in size. First-generation crossbreed chickens (G1) have varying male...

Riam Yousfe Muttair 

...squo;s cancer treatment procedures into historical relics. The opening sentences describe historical background and the current going about the way of which immunotherapy is useful in modern oncology. The knowledge about cancer and immunotherapy also creates the doors leading us to the mechanism of the development of cancer cells as well as the immune system that can kill the cancer cells. Checkpoint inhibitors, the main pillars of the immunotherapy, are explo...

Rawa Abdulkareem Abd

... for the biogeochemical processes and allows the resilience of the ecosystem. In the study, there are various types of novel bacteria being subdivided and their phylogenetic diversity, metabolic functionality and ecological features are discussed in details. Techniques of isolating microbes that are not cultivable is discussed especially the culture-independent approaches like metagenomics, single-cell genomic, and metatranscriptomics which have changed the wa...

Zhiwen Xu

...Slug regulated the OSCC process via targeting YAP. Inhibition of the Snail/Slug pathway, however, reversed the effect of YAP on OSCC. These findings suggest that the Snail/Slug pathway promoted OSCC progression by targeting YAP.

...
Suherman Suherman1*, Muhammad Fahri Rizky1, Zaki Bahrul Fikri1, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto1,  Zane Vincevica-Gaile2, Anwar Saeed Khan3, Erkata Yandri4,5 and Iswahyudi Iswahyudi6 
...Therefore, a new drying process technology, Photovoltaic Ventilation (Solar Dryer) was developed to overcome the above problems. In this research, onions were dried using a photovoltaic ventilated solar dryer, and temperature analysis and bioactive compounds were performed to evaluate the performance of the system in terms of energy efficiency compared to drying in the sun in 8 h. Onions were scattered on trays in the drying room during the experiment. Tempera...
Qurat-ul-Ain Ijaz1, Amna Sulaman1, Dost Muhammad Baloch2, Muhammad Shafi2, Faiz Muhammad1* and Shahnaz Rashid1
...coast during low tide at rocky shores. In the present investigation, nine species of gastropods were identified using the foresaid modern technique such as (Thalessa savignyi, Purpura persica, Turbo sparverius, Lunella coronata, Cellana karachiensis, Nerita albicilla, Nerita tristis, Ischnochiton australis, Astralium tentorriformis). T our knowledge among them three are news records (A. tentoriiformes, Ischnochiton australis and, Nerita tristis). The highest e...
Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammard Memon2 and Niaz Hussain Khuhro2
...Fruit flies of genus Bactrocera are devastating pests of fruits and vegetables among them Bactrocera zonata and Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) are principal pests of mango and guava growing areas of Sindh. Field studies were conducted in mango and guava experimented orchards of Sindh to determine the effectiveness of Trybliographa daci and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata against B...

Camilo Romero Núñez1, Laura Miranda Contreras1, Rafael Heredia Cárdenas1, Ariadna Flores Ortega2*, Linda Guiliana Bautista Gómez3 

...ies, along with hygiene procedures, for the proper control of this parasite. 

...

Mohammed Mijbas Mohammed Alomari1, Nawar Jasim Alsalih2*, Samir Sabaa Raheem2, Mohenned Alsaadawi2, Ali Mosa Rashid Al-Yasari3

...atures of the epizootic process, pathogenesis, and treatment of dogs with parvovirus enteritis complicated by associations of coccidia remain poorly understood. The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a method for treating dogs with parvovirus enteritis, complicated by associations of coccidia, with a severe course of the disease. The study was carried on in Veterinary Medicine Hospital of Al-Muthanna Province, south of Iraq. Pupp...

Atikah Nur Baity1, Noni Ashri Maghfiroh1, Syalsa Bella Fitriana1, Kurniawan Dwi Prihantoko2, Dyah Maharani2, Diah Tri Widayati2*

...n impact on the syngamy process, in which a certain amount of male and female gamete chromosomes unite to continue the division process. This study aimed to determine the effect of storage periods in liquid nitrogen on DNA fragmentation of post-thawed semen of Bali bull. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Seventy-five semen ...

Azhar Ali1, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Wu Di3, Huang Chunjie3, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1, Bilal Ahmed1, Farwa Shakeel1, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari1, Windu Negara2, Bambang Waluyo Hadi Eko Prasetiyono1*

...teria, together with enterococcus species from the phylum Firmicutes, which possess numerous antibiotic resistance genes associated with health risks. The presence of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria underscores the significance of using suitable antibiotic therapy to minimize the dissemination of resistance in both animals and humans.
 
Keywords | ARGs, Shotgun metagenomics, Dairy cows, Antibiotics

Amal Ahmed Abdel-Halim1, Esteftah Mohamed El-Komy2, Ahmed Mosaad Abdelsalam2, Gomaa Said Ramadan2*

...ail Farm. The selection process for body weight was carried out for two generations, focusing on achieving higher body weight at five weeks of age. This resulted in the establishment of selected lines with superior body weight. The data collected from the study were analyzed using the xlstat software. One-way and two-way analysis of variance methods were applied to examine the differences in various parameters. The results revealed significant variations in th...

Tanvir Hussain*, Zahid Rauf, Mansoor Ali Khan and Khalid Hussain 

...ext-align: justify;">Dendroclimatic potential of coniferous trees reflects their ability to serve as a valuable tool for understanding the past climatic conditions and predicting future trends of the region. Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana ) with well-defined annual growth rings offers a reliable record of previous circumstances of environment . The objective of current study was to evaluate its dendroclimatic potential under S...

Rhuan Chaves1, Diego Leal2, Ygor de Paula³, Andreia Vilas Boas4, Ana Toledo4, Sígfrid López-Ferrer5, Vinicius Cantarelli3, Cesar Garbossa2* 

...e in several biological processes. Choline is typically added to pig diets in the form of choline chloride. However, the use of this synthetic choline has some disadvantages such as high capacity to absorb moisture, oxidative loss of vitamins in feed and its metabolism generates a compound that can taint animal-origin products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding diets containing natural choline (Kolin plus™ FC) as a replacement ...

Hala Harifi*, Mouloud Lamtai*, Siham Ait Salhi, Fatima-Zahra Azzaoui, Omar Akhouayri, Abdelhalem Mesfioui, Leila Bikjdaouene

...s present everywhere: in rocks, soil, water, food, and in various forms. Our bodies utilize it to contribute to energy metabolism and perform many other functions, but prolonged exposure can lead to toxicity in the organism. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to Mn, specifically its impact on the general condition of male Wistar rats, by recording all clinical symptoms associated with this intoxication. Different doses ranging from th...

Iman Hernaman1*, Budi Ayuningsih1, Diky Ramdani2, Romy Zamhir Islami1, Shelvia Octaviana1, Ina Aviana1, Galuh Rahayu1, Aldena Bina Salimah1, Urip Rosani1, Atun Budiman1, Muhammad Rifqi Ismiraj3

...Thus, it concluded that processing of corncobs with rice hull ash filtrate at concentrations of 0.20 w/v resulted in maximum decreased ADF and NDF and its use of 20% in rations yielded the best in vitro digestibility and fermentability.
 
Keywords | Ash, Corncob, Digestibility, Fermentability, In vitro, Rice hull
...

Tariq Zaman1*, Fawad Khan2, Sajjad Ahmad2*, Alia Mehsud2, Atta Ur Rahman3, Muskaan Zaman2 and Sumaira Noor2

... asper 0.89. Calotropis procera 0.22, Euphorbia helioscopia 0.21, Cynodon dectylon 0.20 are species with high RFC. The Families with high FIV were Poaceae 74.7, Astercaeae 69.9, Brassicaceae 50.7, Papilionaceae 39.7 and Solanaceae 35.6.
...

Istna Mangisah*, Lilik Krismiyanto, Vitus Dwi Yunianto Budi Ismadi, Mulyono Mulyono, Nyoman Suthama, Fajar Wahyono

...etely randomized design procedure, 5 treatments, and 4 replications. The research ration was prepared with an EM content of 2900 kcal/kg and 18% crude protein. The treatments tested included T0: density of 5 ducks/m2 + basal ration, T1: density of 5 ducks/m2 + 0.25% ALM, T2: density of 5 ducks/m2 + 0.5% ALM, T3: density of 10 ducks/m2 + 0.25% ALM, T4: density of 10 ducks/m2 + 0.5% ALM. The parameters measured include intestinal bacterial populations (LAB and c...

Mahfuza Ferdous1, Sabuj Kanti Nath1 and Mustasim Famous2*

...tle without any kind of processing, and only 29% of farms used chopped fodder before feeding. In feeding concentrate feed, almost 50% of farms mixed the feed ingredients manually, the rest (21%) farms used commercial feed, 29% of farms were found using both commercial and hand-mixing feed. 71% of farmers were found to formulate ration on their own, whereas only 29% of farmers did ration formation by a technically skilled person. In for milk’s nutritive c...

Li Wang, Feifei Feng, Kefei Peng, Yan Zhang and Ling Zhou*

Ameer Sultan1, Abdur Rauf1*, Farooq Jan1, Muhammad Qayash2, Muhammad Yasin3, Tanweer Kumar4, Wajid Khan4, Muhammad Arif4, Kashmala Jabbar5, Wisal Khan6, Farhan Ullah1, Syed Shabab Hussain1 and Ikramullah Khan1

...d through the sugarcane processing, is abundant in organic materials and a variety of essential nutrients, including Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, and Sulphur. Different concentrations of spent wash were applied to sugarcane crops to explore their effects on the development, production, and yield at the Sugar Crops Research Institute (SCRI) Mardan. Four different concentrations of distillery spent wash were applied (i.e. 30%-DSW, 40%-DSW, 50%-DSW, ...
Roy Hendroko Setyobudi1, Shazma Anwar2, Mohammed Ali Wedyan3, Damat Damat1*, 
Yogo Adhi Nugroho4, Tony Liwang4, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani5, Satriyo Krido Wahono6
Evika Sandi Savitri7, Bayu Agung Prahardika7, Irma Rahmaita Utarid8, Iswahyudi Iswahyudi9 and 
Hemalia Agustin Rachmawati1
... world. However, during processing coffee a substantial quantity of waste is produced. This study analyzed the amino acid composition of coffee cherry flour (CCF) from four farms: Ijen Farm, Karang Ploso Farm, Mengani Farm and La Boitê. The results depicted that the amino acid composition of CCF varied among different sources. Serine, histidine, threonine, isoleucine and cysteine were noted higher in CCF from La Boitê (0.80±0.01), (1.03 &plu...

Yujun Shuai and Jinhong Zhao*

...plex were collected from rockfish Sebastes sp. From the comparison and analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Anisakis simplex, the results revealed a full-length genome with 13,903 bp, including 12 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs. There was no encoding gene of atp8, which was consistent with the genome characteristics of Anisakis nematodes. Additionally, 25 related nematodes belonged to 5 different families served as study subjects for the constru...

Salam N. Aritonang1*, Yulia Yellita1, Dwita Saningtias2, Eka Putri2, Rizqan1 

...ements will enhance erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and leukocytes, as observed in the health of female Murrah buffaloes. Parameters measured in this study included hematology (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and leukocytes) in Murrah buffaloes. The study involved four lactating Murrah buffaloes aged 3 to 5 years, following a Latin Square Design consisting of four treatments: A (0% turmeric flour), B (0.015% turm...

Muhammad Ardas Daruslam1, Muhammad Irfan Said2*, Nancy Lahay3

...on, four Ec-En dilution process formulas were used to evaluate the performance of Ec-En as a ammonia gas reducer during the fermentation process, namely:  P0 = without Ec-En (control); P1 = 100% of Ec-En + 0% water (v/v), P2 = 90% of Ec-En + 10% water (v/v) and P3 = 80% of Ec-En + 20% water (v/v). Fermentation time uses three levels, namely: T0 = 0 minutes; T1 = 15 minutes and T2 = 30 minutes. Fermentation time is the t...
Langgeng Priyanto1,2*, Herdis2, Santoso2, Pradita Iustitia Sitaresmi2
Tri Puji Priyatno2, Rahma Isartina Anwar2, Desiana Ade Mahari2
Florentina Bety Indah Lupitasari2, Maman Surachman2
I Wayan Angga Darmawan2, Arfan Abrar1 and Arum Setiawan3
...te to prevent oxidation processes. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of α- tocopherol and ascorbic acid on the motility, viability, abnormality, and plasma membrane quality of post-thawed Tropical Brahman bull sperm. Sperm samples were obtained and pooled from eight sexually mature Tropical Brahman Bull, separated into seven equal proportions, and diluted with TEY extender Semen was supplemented with 0 (C0;E0), 5 (C5;E5), 10 (C10;E10...

Fadia W. Al-Azawi1* , Huda M. Hamid2, Husam Jasim Mohammed1 and Jan Muhammad3

...The data and extraction process runs through various techniques by analyzing data statistically using SPSS and interpolation techniques using GIS. In this study, IDW estimated the rainfall distribution in the ROI. Furthermore, to obtain optimal interpolation rainfall data, root mean squared error value for Kriging, and IDW was measured. The results showed that IDW interpolation for rainfall data can obtain more accurate results; a smaller RMSE is due to an acc...

Abdul Ghaffar1*, Kashfa Akram1, Habiba Jamil1, Riaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas3, Fozia Afzal4, Ahrar Khan5,6, Rabia Tahir7, Muhammad Ahmad Chishti1 and Shahnaz Rashid3

...e blood cell count, erythrocytes, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocytes, and neutrophils, alongside significant increases in mixed cell count and monocytes. Serum profiles displayed decreased glucose levels and increased levels of urea, creatinine, bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), cholesterol, an...

Abdullah Channo1,2*, Asmatullah Kaka1, Akeel Ahmed Memon1, Mool Chand Malhi3, Muhammad Bakhsh4, Qudratullah Kalwar5, Shakeel Ahmed Tunio6 and Muhammad Ibrahim Panhwar7

...≥70% were pooled and processed. Pooled semen samples were divided into four groups and diluted with Tris, Tris+Vitamin E(α-tocopherol) and BIOXcell­­­TM, BIOXcell­­­TM+Vitamin E (α-tocopherol). Post-thawed assessment of motility, morphology, viability and membrane integrity with BIOXcell­­­TM+ Vitamin E(α-tocopherol) (58.31±0.86, 76.22±1.04, 71.27±1.44, 64.68±1.43) showed impr...

Zahraa M. Mahdi 

...mprove the desalination process. The introduction explains the consolation of desalination technologies, specifically the need for efficient membranes. The fabrication techniques portrayed are the elemental blending and multilayer deposition wherein there is highly emphasized information on making polyaniline-based cation exchange nanoporous membranes that use polyvinyl chloride. Some nano fillers such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and metal-organic fra...

Yibo Yan, Zhaohui Ding, Nanxin Liang, Kai Zhang, Lei Yue, Wengang Li* and Xianyi Song*

...ay-old weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; half female and half castrated male) with 10 ± 0.30 kg of IBW were randomly assigned to 4 group (1 female and 1 castrated male/pen and 5 replicates/group). Piglets were consumed a basal diet, or the basal diet supplemented with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% SBP for 30 d, respectively. The results showed that the ADG, ADFI, and FBW were greater (p < 0.05), whereas the FCR was lesser (p < 0.05)...

Noor Nemia Hafed 

...denosyl-cobalamins.Some processed foods may include sulphitocobalamin, which has a sulphite ligand chelated to the central cobalt atom in the corrin ring. One of the most prevalent vitamin deficiencies is a vitamin B12 insufficiency. It occurs more frequently in underdeveloped nations. In fact, 40% of children are affected by it. Methods: There were 30 sick children and 30 healthy children among the pediatric patients that were admitted to the hospital through...

Hazrat Younas1,*, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai1, Amjad Ali1 and Rizwan Ahmad2

...owers in the production process. These measures have the potentials to further augment tomato production in the study area.

...

Islam S Alani*, Huda Sadoon Al-Biaty

...ct immunohistochemistry procedures. In normal biopsies, the expression of periostin was absent in the epithelial compartment. High levels of POSTN expression was detected in 93.2% of cancerous biopsies as well as in 16.7% of benignly diagnosed biopsies. With a noticeable difference between these two groups (P≤0.01). PN was found to be highly expressed in 92.1% of the newly diagnosed cases and 100% of the recurring cases. PN exhibited a higher level of expre...
Hai Thanh Nguyen1*, Cuong Kien Nguyen2, Duy Ba Ngo2, Anh Thi Ngoc Dang1*
...als, is the most common process leading to unacceptable flavor in pork. It is now clear that LO is the primary process for reducing storage times, rather than the oxidation of proteins and vitamins, as UFAs easily react with oxidizing agents, leading to the destruction of lipid structure, change of meat texture and color, and alteration of pork taste from aroma to rancidity. The addition of ingredients with high UFAs into da...

Waheed Iqbal* and Muhammad Faheem Malik

...ias fieldii, Catopsilia crocalae, Catopsilia pomona, Catopsilia pyranthae, Eurema hecabe, Euchrysops cnejus, Danaus chrysippus, Ypthima asterope, Ariadne merione, Junonia orithya and Junonia almana; four Fairly Common (F.C.) species are; Colias eratae, Catopsilia florella, Tarucus theophrastus and Ypthima nareda; three Un-Common (U.C.) species are; Papilio polytes, Melanitis leda and Junonia hierta and eight Rare (R) species are; Colotis calais, Zizeeria maha,...

Ali Nawaz*, Qazi Bilal Ahmed, Anwar Ali, Nowsherwan Zarif, Faizan Ahmad and Asim Karim 

...nformed decision-making processes aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of climate change and fostering resilient urban environments. By recognizing these trends and their implications, stakeholders can implement effective strategies to address climate-related challenges and promote sustainable urban development practices in Peshawar and similar contexts globally.

...

Sana Nawaz1, Shahzor Gul Khaskheli1*, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1, Inayatullah Rajper2, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh3, Ashfaque Ahmed Khaskheli1 and Shaista Soomro1

... in fields, harvesting, processing, transportation, storage, and distribution. This waste not only represents a loss of food but also leads to degradation of valuable components, including bioactive compounds, with significant implications for various industries and applications. Common and unconventional manufacturing processes for FV waste utilization are discussed, emphasizing the importance of adopting new technologies t...
Safaa Sabbar Atiyah1*, Ali Abdullah Zuairi Al-Sadoon2, Shifaa Kadhum Jieish2
... the semen preservation process in different farm animal species to improve semen properties such as viability, motility, and membrane integrity, which thereby increase sperm fertility. The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding an aqueous extract of Aloe vera leaf gel (AEAV) to the epididymal spermatozoa of local goats during the cooling process for different periods. The AEAV was prepared and store...

Saima Naz1*, Moazama Batool2*, Qurat Ul Ain2, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha3, Sheeza Bano2, Sadia Nazir4, Ghulam Abbas5 and Unab Zahra1

... nuclear changes in erythrocytes, and DNA damage in fish brain after exposure to Malathion at environmentally relevant concentrations. The research aimed to assess the potential toxicity of Malathion on fish health, utilizing histological examinations and genetic toxicity assessments through micronuclei and Comet assays. Freshwater fish were exposed to Malathion for 18 days under constant pH, temperature and hardness conditions. The study involved sacrificing ...

Natalia Shchur1,2*, Tetiana Mazur1, Orest Katsaraba3, Ihor Halka2, Ludmila Shalimova2, Larisa Moskalenko4, Tetiana Ponomariova-Herasymiuk4, Maksym Lusta4, Vitalii Nedosekov1

...o restore the metabolic processes of Campylobacter from a cryogenic state involves reducing the cultivation time to 24 hours during enrichment and isolation. The validation of Campylobacter isolation protocols has simplified the research process, reduced costs by 50%, and decreased laboratory workload, which will enhance the efficiency of routine Campylobacter diagnosis and identification in laboratories.
 <...

Noor Nemia Hafed 

...denosyl-cobalamins.Some processed foods may include sulphitocobalamin, which has a sulphite ligand chelated to the central cobalt atom in the corrin ring. Methods: There were 30 sick children and 30 healthy children among the pediatric patients that were admitted to the hospital throughout a 4-month period (April 2022 to July 2022). Each patient’s case information was collected and recorded. Whereas the results of the peripheral smear were used to identi...

Bunga Rimta Barus1, Masfria Masfria2*, Aminah Dalimunthe3, Sovia Lenny4

...acilitating the healing process of excision wounds. The study utilized 30 male Wistar rats, divided into six groups with five rats each, to ensure robust statistical analysis. The ethyl acetate fraction was extracted using a detailed maceration and fractionation process with 96% ethanol, followed by formulation into a gel. The gel formulations were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties and effectiveness in facilitatin...

Hasan Ali Al-Sailawi1, Araa Ali Hadi1, Hussein A. Raheem2, Mustafa Mudhafar3,4, Sahi J Dhahi5, Qais R. Lahhob6*

...tological wound closure procedure used to heal wounds caused by removing skin damage. Although grafting is less popular than flap closures, the aesthetic outcome can still be good. The present study aimed to investigate the grafting of the skin of albino male rabbits by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and Serratiopeptidase and then compare their effect on the skin grafting of rabbits. Nine rabbits were divided into three groups. Each group had three animals: Group 1 (...

Mehak Muhammad Ashfaq1*, Aqsa Naeem Chawla1, Muhammad Umaid Ali1 and Adnan Ahmed Bhutto2

...catechin, catechin, and procyanidin. Based on a ground-breaking study, eating foods high in flavonoids is linked to a lower risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other neurological conditions, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and others. Nevertheless, due to research constraints and confounding variables such as study design, population size, and usage of various chocolate product types, dosages, and contents, additional large-scale ...

Nguyen Tuyet Giang1,2*, Le Thi Thuy Hang1,2, Phan Phuong Loan1,2 and Le Thi Thuy Loan1,2

...d 80°C). The drying process ended when the materials achieved the moisture content of about 5-7%. The final products were subsequently analyzed for water activity, hydration indices, chemical composition, and color attributes to evaluate the influence of drying temperature on the quality of carrot peel powder. The results showed that the increment in drying temperature increased the hydration properties, the values of L*, and ΔE*, but reduced the con...

Dalia M.A. Elmasry1*, Dalia M. El-Husseini1, Asmaa A. Eissa1, Zakaria R. Elkanawati2, Momtaz A. Shahein3, Amany Adel4

... investigation into the processes responsible for co-infections.
 
Keywords: Egypt, SBV, IAPV, ABPV, LSV, BQCV, KBV, DWV, CBPV
...

Laila Ibouzine-Dine1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Hasnaa Mallouk1, Mouloud Lamtai1, Zineb El Marzouki1, Amal Dimaoui1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El Hessni1

...s in brain structure, neurochemistry, and function, a process known as “early-life programming.” These changes are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. While the nitric oxide (NO) pathway is implicated in depression, how changes in NO kinetics impact sex-dependent affective behaviors has not been thoroughly investigated. This study focuses on the effects of LPS-induced early immune ch...

Muhammad Ariana Setiawan1, Ujang Hidayat Tanuwiria2*, Andi Mushawwir2

...g the feed fermentation process. Therefore, its nutrient requirements must also be taken into consideration. Nutrient requirements for rumen microbes can be met from rumen degradable protein (RDP) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC). Nutrients that are easily degraded in the rumen can be seen from their metabolite products such as total gas production, gas kinetics, and methane gas production. This study aims to determine the effect of the balance of rumen degrad...
Niaz Hussain1, Muneer Abbas1*, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Aslam1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Khalid Hussain2, Muahammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Irshad1, Zubeda Parveen1, Fiaz Hussain3 and Azhar Mahmood Aulakh4
...entional plant breeding procedures. This variety expressed higher yield potential, bold seed size and resistance to various diseases. The breeding process commenced in 2006-07 by crossing two local genotypes, 97086 (female parent) and 950130 (male parent), to create genetic variability for bold seed size. Recombinants having higher yield along with bold grains were selected from the F2 population raised from the F1 seed. Sub...
Plinio Vargas Zambrano1*, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Julio Ibarra Arteaga4, Camilo Chávez Ceballos4 and Ramona Párraga Alava1
...analysis, the data were processed in the Minitab program, ANOVA and Dunnet. It was determined that there was a significant difference in the useful life of the product with respect to fungi, yeasts and mesophiles. In conclusion, results showed that the inclusion of 3ml, 5ml and 7ml of extract prolonged the shelf life without the presence of Coliforms and E. coli, reaching a durability of 21 days, however, at a higher concentration of garlic, acceptance ...
Damat Damat1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Shazma Anwar3, Mohammed Ali Wedyan4
Zane Vincevica-Gaile5, Yogo Adhi Nugroho2, Tony Liwang2, Thontowi Djauhari Nur Subchi1*, 
Ahmad Fauzi1, Hanif Alamudin Manshur1, Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Vritta Amroini Wahyudi1
Yolla Muvika Ananda1 and Hemalia Agustin Rachmawati1
...rm of waste from coffee processing, coffee pulp (CP), and coffee husk (CH) has not been optimally explored for value-added products despite the essential nutrients contained. In fact, this solid waste causes various environmental pollution problems. This study aimed to ascertain the characteristics of Indonesian locally-grown CP and confirm its feasibility for coffee cherry flour (CCF) production. Dried CP samples from Ijen, Karangploso and Mengani farms were ...

Rael Jepkogei Masai 

...stool samples that were processed by formal-ether concentration techniques and results recorded as either positive or negative. Capillary blood samples was collected for slide preparations and subjected to microscopy to determine presence of P.falciparum. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on study subjects’ area of residence. Results were processed using SSPS and significance levels were obtained using chi...

Ngele Blessing Alfred, Agba Mary-Ibenreh Ogaboh*, Bassey Rosemary Anietie and Egeh Ajah Egwu

...owth, and physiological processes, including oxidative stress enzymes activities and chlorophyll content. A mixture of sawdust and sand (1:1) was utilized as the growth medium. Detergent solutions with concentrations of 1g/l, 2.5g/l, and 5.0g/l were prepared, with deionized water as the control (0g/l). Maize seeds were sown in germination trays and irrigated with these solutions to assess the effects on germination, growth performance, oxidative stress enzyme ...

Chaiyawit Muangmee1, Veerapan Pongvatnanusorn2, Kanakorn Sawangcharoen3, Thun Chaitorn4, Nuttapon Kassakorn5 and Shahab E. Saqib*5

...armer groups engaged in processing agricultural products (PAPs) in Thailand and investigate their capacity for innovative prototyping. Data were collected on 55 prototype agricultural products from 1,650 farmers in different regions of Thailand. The data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and structural equation model. The results showed the importance of factors such as entrepreneurial skills, management practices, competitiven...

Yingying Wang1, Sufen Zhao2* and Qunxiu Liu3*

...s, poultry immunization procedures have been rigorously standardized. Wild birds in Shanghai Zoo are currently immunized against both diseases with commercial vaccines for birds, but their immune status and the immune effect are not very clear. In order to determine the protective effect of the current AI (H9 subtype) and ND vaccines on wild birds in Shanghai Zoo and to explore a more reasonable and effective immunization scheme, the hemagglutination inhibitio...

Eman Mamdouh Qenawy1, Mohamed Abou-Ellail1, Fatma Abdel-Motaal2, Mohammed O. Alshaharni3, Nady Khairy Elbarbary4*

...l benefit of producers, processors, and retailers), or incidental (happens during production, handling, and storage). This study used the sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to identify the various meat species in meat products marketed as 100% beef and sold in Aswan City, Egypt, with distinct microbiological analysis that highlighted the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Ninety samples of meat in total (15 ...

Shiguftah Khalid1, Muhammad Jahanzaib2*, Haris Khurshid2, Rabia Khalid3, Sundas Waqar3, Faiza Siddique3, Fazal Yazdan Saleem Marwat3 and Zahid Akram1

...pes under the screening process. Path analysis revealed a positive direct effect of leaflet area, pods per plant, shelling percentage, average pod length and hundred seed weight. In contrast, leaf area, pegs per plant and mature pods per plant revealed negative direct effect. The mean values for genotypes N0334, abCG005 and BARI-2000 had maximum pod yield per plant among all the genotypes. Biplot and cluster analysis indicated the overall variability among gen...

Saher Mahmood Jwad1, Tamadhur Hani Hussein2, Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini2* 

...ameliorative impacts of broccoli aqueous extract on the regression of thyroid and hepatic tissues, as well as on oxidative stress markers induced by paracetamol (acetaminophen), a study was conducted on sixty male laboratory rats. The animals were equally divided into four experimental groups. The control group was orally treated with 0.9% normal saline solution. The second group was orally administered 1g/kg of paracetamol. The third study group was orally gi...

1Md. Faruq Hasan, 2Nazmunnahar Kolpona, 3*Atia Shahin, 3Md. Rayhan Sojib and 3Susmita Sarmin

...i-stage random sampling procedure. The percentages, means, and standard deviations were employed to summarise the data gathered during the interviews. The inferential statistical investigation involved using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that a significant proportion (72.8 percent) of the respondents held a moderately to highly unfavourable attitude towards government extension services. The key factors influencin...

Ridha Tunnisa1, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2*, Sri Purwanti2, Sri Rachma Aprilita Bugiwati2, Wempie Pakiding2

...r the initial selection process of Alope chickens.
 
Keywords | Alope chicken, Growth traits, IGF-1, PCR-RFLP, Polymorphisms
...

Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti, Ani Atul Arif, Putri Utami, Habib Asshidiq Syah, Anggita Dian Pramudhita, Rr. Ani Rizqianti, Trinil Susilawati*

...e sexing semen freezing process.
 
Keywords | Percoll density gradient centrifugation, Proportion, Quality, Sexing sperm, Tris aminomethane+20% egg   yolk
...

Efi Rokana1*, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,2, Khoirul Wafa1, Kalvin Putra Wahyudatama1, Ferdian Ginanjar1, Rini Mastuti3, Amiril Mukmin1, Miarsono Sigit4 

...tology (hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes) and blood chemical parameters (total protein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine), remained within normal ranges in all beer waste fed groups. The study concludes that incorporating beer waste into sheep rations provides the benefits of low cost and high protein content, with no detrimental effects on the health or performance of the sheep.
 

...
Wan Norhafizah Wan Azman and John Yew Huat Tang* 
...various decontamination procedures. Before decontamination process, the sample was inoculated with L. monocytogenes and stored in the chiller for 24 h. Different concentrations of acetic and citric acid (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%), as well as varied times (0, 15, and 30 min) and physical applications (agitation and without agitation) were used to clean the sample. After being incubated for 48 h at 30oC...
MohamadRahijan AbdulWahab*andAhmadAimanSalahudin
 
...lized in the analytical process. This quantitative approach allows for statistical analysis using SPSS to calculate means and standard deviations, providing a clear summary of customer attitudes and purchase intentions.Overallcustomerattitudewascalculatedatameanof=4.01±0.63,andcustomerbuyintentionwascalculatedatamean=3.66±0.58.Asignificantdifferenceincustomersatisfactionwithstingless bee honey consumption was found among groups of employment...
Shaiqah Mohd Rus1*, Anika Z.M.R.2, Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere3, Mohd. Rushdi Abu Bakar4,5, Farahidah Mohamed4 and Abd Almonem Doolaanea6*
 
 
...00 nm of the sonication process, except at flow rates 144, 216 and 288 mL min-1 at 30 % power of amplitude. The droplet size was found to be smaller at a lower flow rate. The smallest droplet size was achieved at 72 mL min-1 i.e., 346.57 nm to the power of 90% of ultrasonicator amplitude. For every flow rate of 70% and 90% power of sonication, the PdI of BSO alginate nanoemulsion was less than 0.700, The PdI ranges for these parameters ar...
Che Ku Nur Ain Mardhiah Che Ku Azman and Norlia Muhamad*
...mon method used in food processing to extend its shelf life. The main objective of this project was to investigate the thermal degradation kinetics of the dried immature Melon Manis Terengganu (MMT) using a hot air dryer at four different temperatures (40, 50, 60, and 70 °C). Drying kinetics is very helpful as it can design and optimize thermal processes to maximize the quality of dried products. The immature MMT wa...
Abdussalam Muhyideen Zainab Funmilayo and Lee-Hoon Ho*
...line-height: normal;">Unprocessed beetroot juice has a short shelf life. Pasteurization had been one of the common techniques practised in beverage industry for prolonging shelf life of juice. This research was conducted to determine effect of storage time on the biochemical and microbiological quality of enzymatically pasteurized beetroot juice. A 3:1 ratio was used to blend the beetroot pulp with distilled water. After that, pectinase was added at a concentr...
Mok Sam Lum, Nurul Fadhilah binti Aldam and Clament Fui Seung Chin* 
...ion, for both fresh and processed foods. In this study, efficacy of Azolla pinnata aqueous extract on the growth and yield of sweet corn through foliar application was evaluated. Independent variables were application rates of urea (120, 110, 100, 90, 80, and 0 kg ha-1) and aqueous Azolla extract (AE i.e. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 100%, v/v). Common variables were 60 kg/ha triple superphosphate (TSP), 90 kg/ha muriate of potash (MOP), ...
Nur Anis Hashim1, Nor Hasima Mahmod1*, Abubakar Abdullahi Lema2, Lee-Hoon Ho3 and Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker1
...d materials for further processing and suitable drying techniques while preserving their antioxidants have yet to be inferred. Thus, the present study aims to determine the content and activity of the antioxidants in fresh and dried roselle calyx. The random sampling technique was applied by collecting the calyx roselle from different plants. Calyx samples were labeled as fresh calyx (FC), air-dried (AD), oven-dried (OD), and freeze-dried (FD) according to tre...

Ehab Hussein1, Edris A.M.1 and Ghada A.K. Kirrella2*

...2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (benzo[a]pyrene; dibenzo [ae] pyrene; dibenzo [al] pyrene; dibenzo [ah] pyrene; dibenzo [ai] pyrene; indeno [1, 2, 3-cd] pyrene; benzo [ghi] perylene; cyclopenta (c, d) pyrene; benzo[a] anthracene; Dibenzo [a, h] anthracene; benzo[b] fluoranthene; chrysene). The treated samples were demonstrated as 3 untreated (control group); 9 samples treated with thyme oil at concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5% (3 of each), 9 samples ...
Nor Adila Zulkifli1, Nurul Zaizuliana Rois Anwar1*, Zalilawati Mat Rashid1, Zarinah Zakaria1, Norshazila Shahidan2, Lee-Hoon Ho1 and Faridah Yahya3
...which is a non- thermal processing was chosen as an alternative method to minimize the quality loss during the processing of Kelulut honey. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound processing on the quality of Kelulut honey. The ultrasound processing was conducted at five different amplitudes (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) and th...

Eslam F.M. Eisa1, Bardees K. Elgohary1*, Mahasen El Shair1, Hagar F. Gouda2, Ali E. Kandeel1

...and during the surgical procedure (2, 6% for HR; 5, 6% for MAP). In conclusion, combining a low dose of ketamine 0.6 mg/kg/h with propofol or sevoflurane can enhance hemodynamic stability in spontaneously breathing dogs undergoing laparotomy.
 
Keywords: General anesthesia, Propofol, Sevoflurane, Ketamine CRI, Inhalation anesthesia
...

Nesreen Z. Eleiwa1, Radwa A. Lela2, Eman K. Fathalla2

... 5% in the fermentation process of oriental sausages. The results demonstrated that including water Kefir notably improved the sausages’ quality. Specifically, water Kefir 3% and 5% concentration groups showed overall acceptability till the 15th and 17th days. In comparison, water Kefir 1% and the control group showed acceptability till the 11th and 7th day, respectively. In addition, a significant difference (P<0.05) in levels of total bacterial, psy...

Shahid Ali Khan1*, Farooq Ahmad1, Fatima Urooj1, Shabana Ehsan2, Yan Tongyu3, Tahira Batool4, Aqsa Bibi1, Muhammad Bilal1, Amrat Eman1, Javeria Tariq1, Ansa Asghar1, Yang Yan5, Asima Shabbir2 and Samreen Nazeer6*

...undergoing the staining process. Furthermore, the data was processed by using ANOVA technique. The primary objective of this investigation is to analyze, categorize, and confirm the existing classification of these taxa. This study presented information regarding the morphological and anatomical adaptations of Euphorbia helioscopia in response to different environmental changes. Anatomical modifications, such as enhanced thi...

Adi Tiya Warman1, Panjono1*, Tri Satya Mastuti Widi1, Sigit Bintara1, Bayu Andri Atmoko2, Endang Baliarti3

...ing the decision-making process of beef cattle farmers in choosing bull semen for artificial insemination (AI) in Lombok Tengah Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The bull semen choice was classified into three categories: Bali cattle, exotic cattle, and both. Respondent selection was carried out using a purposive sampling method, with 95 respondents. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire that had been tested for validity...

Qamar Ullah1,2, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1*, Raheela Akhtar1 and Aftab Ahmad Anjum3

Wan Nurfarzana Wan Mohamad Zani1, Norrizah Jaafar Sidik1*, Asmah Awal2, Nurul Izzati Osman3, Lyena Watty Zuraine Ahmad1 and Mohd Khairi Nordin4

...ext-align: justify;">Dendrocalamus asper, a tropical bamboo variety renowned for its economic significance across industries like food, construction, and handicrafts, is presently a surge in demand for large-scale propagation and sustained supply. Traditional propagation methods are inconvenient and time-intensive. As an alternative, micropropagation techniques are opted to overcome these challenges. This research aimed to develop a micropropagation protocol f...

Elfira Kariane Suawa1*,  Juliet R. Roberts2, Greg Parkinson3,  Angelina Novita Tethool1

...ne bird each. Eggs were processed for measurements of eggshell and egg internal quality variables, scoring of ultrastructural mammillary layer features, completeness of cuticle cover. Body weight at point of lay and mature body weight at 40-45 weeks did not significantly affected egg production, but significantly impacted on egg size eggshell quality and internal egg quality. Cuticle cover (ΔE*ab value), shell breaking strength, deformation, percentage s...

Qasim Jawad Amer, Wissam Ahmed Sabah Al-Janabi* 

...ber, age, and sex, and tProcessed for analysis by microscopic examination and confirmed by PCR. The data analysis showed that among 75 camels, 17% were females, 73% were adults, 67% from north Babylon.Analysis of microscopic and molecular examination identified positive samples in 9% and 57%, respectively. Comparative analysis between microscopic examination and PCR methods showed had high rate of infection (43/75, 57.33%), while the microscopic examination sh...

Azza Mohamed Morsi Fahd1*, Al-Sadik K Saleem2, Mohamed Y Ibrahim2, Azhar F. Abdel Fattah2, Gehad R. Donia1

...ets is the transporting procedure. The effects of transportation stress on animal welfare are well understood, but less is known about how transportation affects the behaviour, performance, and crop-filled test of turkey pullets. Therefore, This study aimed to investigate the effect of transportation on the behaviour and growth performance of Turkey. Turkey pullets were classified into 2 groups according to two types of transport, the First Group was150 pullet...

Asfand Yar Khan1, Syed Saleem Ahmad1*, Muhammad Avais1 and Kamran Ashraf2

...ml), and G5 (Calotropis procera @ 10 mg/ml) were taken as treatment groups, while G6 as a negative control, and G7 as a positive control. The results showed that 47.6% serovars were positive for the virulent gene (Stx-1). Moreover, the highest zone of inhibition was observed in G5 (17.1 ± 0.60 mm, P<0.05) as compared to other groups, which indicated high anti-bacterial efficacy on in-vitro basis. The survival rate and weight gain of chicks were signi...

Shibao Guo1, Junhua Chen1, Nan Song2, Fangmei Zhang1*

...ip of Tephritidae: ((Bactrocera, Dacus, Zeugodacus), Felderimyia, Anastrepha), (Acrotaeniostola, (Neoceratitis, Ceratitis), Euleia, Rivellia), (Procecidochares, (Tephritis, Sphaenisscus))))). Our results presented the first mitogenome from Sphaeniscus and provide insights into the species identification, taxonomy and phylogeny of S. atilius.

...

Ho-Kyoung Bae, Jae-Kang Lee, Tae-Kyung Eom, Dong-Ho Lee, Hyeongyu Ko, Joo-Hee Kim, Sung-Hyun Ahn and Shin-Jae Rhim*

... percent ground cover of rock, grass, and bare land were positively correlated with latrine site selection by the logistic regression models that displayed good predictive performance (a ROC-AUC value ≥ 0.65). The latrines were found at higher elevations, rather than lower to aviod higher temperatures, and we found that Asian badgers tend to make their latrines in deciduous forest. For ...

Javeria1,2*, Mudasser Habib1,2 and Muhammad Salahuddin Shah1,2

...the suitable preventive procedures in the region.

...
Zarinah Zakaria1*, Nur Nabilah Norsham1, Nur Hasyimah Mat Shah1, Nurul Zaizuliana Rois Anwar1, Napisah Hussin2, Fauziah Tufail Ahmad3, Faridah Yahya3 and Norshazila Shahidan4
 
..., and taste since it is processed as a crude aqueous extract, restricting its consumption despite the fact that it provides considerable medicinal benefits due to the inclusion of important bioactive components. In this study, green tea, oolong tea, and black tea were crafted using a combination of processed Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) leaves, the traditional tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves and stevia ...

Anisa Aprilia*, Syafrial, Djoko Koestiono, Fitria Dina Riana and Silvana Maulidah 

...land, and energy during processing. 

...

Humaira1, Afsana Huseynova Anvar2, Shaukat Ali3, Marcelo Franco4, Muhammad Irfan1*

...s promising platform to proceed towards sustainable bio-manufacturing through the development of self-sustaining, constantly operating systems employing renewable biomass to yield higher concentrations and productivity of extended-range of products. To-date established cell-free systems including extract-based and purified enzyme-based cell-free technologies have been widely exploited for producing commercially valuable biopolymers and biochemicals such as bui...
Tayyaba Gul Tareen1*, Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen2, Muhammad Aamir3, Jehanzeb Khan1 and Naveed Jan4
...w of the published work proceeding on the progressive decrease of switches forsmart batterychargers with the APFs configuration. The key characteristics of the cutting-edge technology in RES, dual active bridge converter with functions of active power filter (APF), and electric vehicle (EV) battery charging system have been elaborated in this research. Following with the problem description and objectives of this study are articulated. A thorough categorizatio...
Syed Zeeshan Ahmed Naqvi1, Aftab Khan1*, Abdul Majid2, Tahir Javed1 and Muhammad Huzaifa1 
 
...is employed to optimize processes, enhance decision-making, and drive innovation. From predicting demand patterns in the hospitality sector to optimizing manufacturing processes through predictive maintenance, machine learning has demonstrated its capacity to deliver tangible benefits. Furthermore, the review discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating machine learning into these sectors, addressin...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi* and Abigail Abosede Olojede 

... often controlled with agrochemicals. This procedure is laden with environmental pollution which calls for agro-biocides development in the control of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs). Screenhouse trials were set up to assess the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles on Meloidogyne incognita populations in cabbage plants using aqueous extracts from Bixa orellena as reductant. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), statistical method ...
Khalid Abdullah1, Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid2*, Muhammad Safdar Baloch3, Iqtidar Hussain3, Zuhair Hasnain4 and Muhammad Naeem2

Muhammad Noman Tariq1, Saeed Ahmed*1, Ghazanfar Ali Chishti1, Muhammad Shahbaz Zafar1, Muhammad Saadullah2, Muhammad Usman1, Mohsin Ali1 and Ghulam Qadir1

... effect of Cysteamine Hydrochloride (CSH) Supplementation on nutrients digestibility in Beetal bucks. The CSH is a feed additive that increases the baseline growth hormone level by decreasing the somatostatin level. A total of Twenty-four Beetal bucks, aged 12±1 months, with an average body weight of 30±5 kg, were selected and distributed among 04 treatments in a completely randomized design under 2 × 2 factorial arrangements....

Elena Balarezo*, Jose Luis Flores and Miguel Angel Toro-Jarrin

... unregulated production processes and distribution systems. This lack of regulation encourages the development of pathogens in milk and lowers the final sales price. The aim of this study was to implement and test a milk quality program to improve product quality and sales prices. We carried out an initial diagnosis of management practices and bacteriological quality of milk, followed by program implementation directed to project promoters and community member...
SaimaMajeed1*,TayyabaAsif2, Aisha Qureshi3,AyeshaUmer3 and Naveed Ahmad3
...ficant concerns to food processors, buyers, and generalwellbeing specialists. This investigation attempted to research the universality of microbialquality and antibiotic chloramphenicol residue in export-oriented frozen and fresh seafood toverify and control contamination for public health safety and international trade. A total of 32 frozenand fresh seafood samples were randomly collected for microbiological analysis including crabs,
Arbab Waseem Abbas1*, Waseem Ullah Khan1, Huda Nauman1, Khalid Saeed2 and Syed Mujtaba Abbas Zaidi3
...eloped area in language processing, significantly hindering OCR performance. To tackle this, an image database of isolated Pashto characters was created. Pashto text samples were generated in Microsoft Word, with images saved in Bitmap (BMP) format for processing. These images were preprocessed, converting them to binary form and removing noise. These preproc

Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

December

Vol. 42, pp. 01-48

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