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Sehrish Kanwal1, Ali Saeed1*, Muhammad Munir2, Memoona Arshad1

 

Life Sciences International Journal Issue 7 Volume 1

Lei Chen, Ling Zhu, Zhi-Wen Xu, Wan-Zhu Guo

 

Molecular Genetics of Aichivirus C (Porcine Kobuvirus) in China
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Reviewed by David Svolba, Fitchburg State University, USA email: [email protected]

Science, Religion and Culture
...ims of conscience, and liberty of conscience is supported on both broadly Kantian and utilitarian grounds. People will likely be happier in a society that allows them a “private space” in which “they can freely choose what to believe and how to live,” and affording each other this space is one important way in which we show respect for each other as persons (15-19). So the book’s title should not be taken as expression of skeptici...

Muhangi Denis

...sease is endemic in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, in Sardinia (Italy), the Russian Federations, the Caucasus and it has shown possibilities of spread within Eastern Europe. Involvement of all stakeholders in the pig value chain in designing and implementing of prevention and control strategies could be explored in future control programs. This may call for investing resources in changing disease management behaviour in managing this disease.

...

Michael R. Molnar

...nations may have taken liberties to support religious beliefs. That idea is central to one of the more recent publications on this subject. Aaron Adair promotes his book, “The Star of Bethlehem: A Skeptical View,” with the claim that no one can ex- plain the Star. The Star, he says, has no historical basis nor can it even be explained as a miracle.

...

Xingdong Yang and Lijuan Yuan

... are present through deliberate inoculation with a particular virus strain or bacterial species and being maintained free of unwanted microbiota in sterile isolators. The sterile surgical derivation and gnotobiotic status of the pigs allow studies of the infection, disease and immune responses caused by a specific pathogen in the absence of interfering maternal antibodies, other maternal immune regulators, and intestinal and environmental microbes. Due to the ...

Gregg D. Caruso

... account of rational deliberation consistent with the belief that one’s actions are causally determined (ch.5) and develops a forward-looking theory of moral responsibility consistent with free will skepticism (ch.6). A significant contribution to the field, Free Will, Agency, and Meaning in Life is destined to become a classic and is essential reading for anyone interested in free will and moral responsibility.

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Dana Kay Nelkin

...d responses to a good number of the very many challenges to the view as originally set out in Living Without Free Will and related articles. The responses to challenges serve to elaborate, extend, and deepen the view. The result is a book that, along with the first, will be a centerpiece of the conversation about the metaphysics of free will, about morality, about moral responsibility and our related emotions and practices, about the pressing practical and m...

Muhammad Arif1, Fazal Jalal1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Dost Muhammad2

...aller plants and high number of grains ear-1. Nitrogen application increased plant height, number of grains ear-1, thousand grains weight, grain and biological yield. It is concluded that integration of biochar and legumes could be a useful strategy for enhancing the overall farm profitability and productivity of cereal-based systems by providing increased yields from this additional ‘summer gap’ crop.

...

Salma Shaheen, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani

...plant height (35 cm), number of leaves (16.4), fresh foliage yields (330 g pot-1), dry foliage yields (32 g pot-1), leaf length (40.5 cm) and leaf area (238.4 mm2) relative to poultry manure, compost or FYM treatments. Similar trend was observed during 2010-11. Over all, press mud with EM was more effective in improving soil quality and enhancing spinach growth and quality followed by FYM and poultry manure. These results suggested that Press mud applied with ...

Muhammad Irshad1, Abdur Rab1, Javed Rahman2, Muhammad Sajid1, Ilyas Khan2, Sajad Ali1, Muhammad Razaq1, Sallahuddin1

... survival percentage, number of roots plant-1 and plant height were significantly affected by planting dates and soil media. Maximum survival percentage (29.16%), number of root plant-1 (13.31), and plant height (40.42 cm) was recorded for the cuttings planted on 20th Feb. On the other hand minimum days to 50% sprout- ing (28.49) were recorded for cuttings planted on 2nd March. Significant effect of planting media was observ...

Shahid Ali, Munir Khan

... district Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data from 100 wheat growers were collected through multistage stratified random sampling technique during 2009-10. Stochastic frontier analysis was employed for the estimation of technical efficiency levels and its determinants. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) technique was applied to estimate stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas production function to ascertain the level of technical efficiency. The economet...

Arshad Ali Khan1, Muhammad Sajid1, Abdur Rab1, Sahib Alam2, Abdul Bari3

...f tomato. The highest number of leaves plant-1 (75.25) and yield (49.25 t ha-1) were gained by Falcon in 50-50 treatment during, 2010. However, the plant height (134 cm) and fruit size (147.1 cm3) were higher at 25-75 and 75-25 treatment, respec- tively. Whereas, the less number of leaves plant-1 (15), plant height (28.25 cm), fruit size (92.3 cm3) and tomato yield (7.5 t ha-1) were recorded for Rio Grande in control during,...

Massimo Pigliucci, K.D.

...ew: that of a moderate liberal atheist.

...

Frank Griffel

...ter the attacks of September 2001 and to what took place in Britain after July 5, 2005. The gut-reaction of nations struck by such horrific acts of terrorism is to say: We have done nothing wrong. In fact, the collective wearing of signs with “Je suis Charlie” (“I am Charlie”) says: We would do it all over again. Last week, almost a whole nation lined up at French newsstands to buy the first issue of “Charlie Hebdo” after th...

Ghazalah Yasmin1*, Mir Ajab Khan2, Nighat Shaheen3, Umbreen Javed Khan4


E-mail | [email protected]

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 31, Iss. 1
...the basis of aperture number and sculpturing of exine under SEM. Based on analyses in the present study, diagnostic keys to the three species were provided. 

...

Muhammad Zahid1*, Muhammad Salman2, Shah Alam Khan2, Alamzeb1, Inamullah Khan1

 

...of three districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa revealed the highest mean infestation in plum orchards of district Peshawar (89.60%), followed by Nowshera (75.79%) and Swat (45.42%). In peach orchards, highest mean infestation was recorded in Peshawar (88.33%), followed by Nowshera (72.77%) and Swat (53.72%). The mean infestation of 70.86% was recorded in apricot orchards in Peshawar, followed by Nowshera (62.40%) and Swat (40.73%). Bordeaux mixture treatment applied...

Malik Ikram Ullah1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1*, Muhammad Sadiq1, Inayatullah Awan1, Muhammad Munir2, Ghazanfarullah1

..., crude protein, crude fiber and ash percentage were significantly increased with increase nitrogen levels (200, 240, and 280 kg N ha-1). However, highest benefit-cost ratio was estimated when 240 kg N ha-1 was applied which was found best compromise between forage yield and quality for maize cultivar Kissan under the agro-climatic conditions of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. The study also indicates that crude protein and mineral content in fodder maize can be i...

Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool1, Anser Ali1, 2 *, Tanveer ul Haq1, Muhammad Nasir Majeed1, Dong Jin Lee2

 

...reduced plant height, number of total tillers per plant, number of fertile tillers per plant, number of nodes per plant, spikelet per spike, number of grains per spike, 100-grain weight and dry matter per plant as compared with control. Wheat genotype Faisal-2008 exhibited comparatively more drought tolerance with less decrease in growth rate (18.70%); t...

Nisar Ahmad1*, Inayatullah Jan2, Saif Ullah1 and Sidra Pervez1

 

...m each zone. An equal number of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, i.e. ten each, were selected from each village. Thus the total sample size was 160 farmers. Cobb Douglas Production Function (CDPF) was used to analyse the data. The results of the study indicate that credit has positive effects on wheat productivity. Analysis shows that only 30% of credit users are utilizing loan for the purchase of seed and fertilizers while 70% are utilizing loan for other...

Shen Yang1, Guang-Zhi Tong1, 2*

...l changes and can cause aberrant immune responses in the host, resulting in acute lung injury and immune dysfunction. Studies of the innate immune responses to HP-PRRSV infection are crucial to gaining insight into HP-PRRSV-induced pathogenesis and for the development of novel protective vaccines. In this review, we discuss the innate immune responses against HP-PRRSV infection and suggest new areas of investigation into this important interface between pathog...

Hayat Badshah1*, Farman Ullah1, Abid Farid2, Ahmad-U-Rahman Saljoqi1, Sajjad Ahmad3

...inn.), potato (Solanum tuberosum Linn.), China rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The experiment was conducted under Laboratory conditions (25-32°C, 55-65% R.H. and 12:12 light: dark, photoperiod) during 2012. Results revealed that P. solenopsis successfully and significantly (P<0.05) completed its life cycle along with highest body weight gain on China rose followed by potato. Moreover, P. solenopsis had the ...

Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Isreal Ogunlade1, Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde2

...ccess to training and membership of farmer-groups negatively influenced accountability at p<0.05. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that agricultural extension policies that will ensure accountability of extension to farmers should be put in place. Farmers should also be enlightened in order to create awareness as to their rights as clientele in the extension process. 

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Muhammad Shah Zaman1, Ghulam Muhammad Ali2, Aish Muhammad1, Khalid Farooq2, Iqbal Hussain1*

...lant height (6.5 cm), number of nodes (8.8), fresh shoot weight plant-1 (0.166 g), number of roots (4.6) and root length (2.5 cm) at 60 mM NaCl followed by Sh-5. Desiree and Cardinal were moderately tolerant varieties to NaCl stress. The most sensitive variety Asterix produced minimum plant height (2.7 cm), number of nodes (2.4), number of roots (2.6), ...

Faheem Khan*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...rdan and Charsadda of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province were selected for this purpose. A multi-stage sampling method was used to draw sample of 336 sugarcane growers for the present study and an interview schedule was used to solicit responses that addressed the research objectives. The findings from the study showed that 80 percent of respondents were illiterate while the 20 percent of respondents who were literate had achieved various levels of education. In the...

Imdad Sohu1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi2*, Ghulam Raza Bhutto2, Muhammad Salim Sarki2, Rabail Gandahi3

...hickpea plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1 and seed index. The growth and yield of chickpea significantly increased with the collective application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures. It is concluded that the application of half of recommended dose of NKP (18-36-10 kg ha-1) in combination with poultry manure or farmyard manure at the rate of 20 t ha-1 was found best combination for hig...

Shahid Iqbal Awan1*, Syed Dilnawaz Ahmad2, Muhammad Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Aurangzeb Rao1

...as detected among the members of cluster 6 and cluster 8 and cluster 7 and 8. Members of these two clusters can be utilised in transgressive breeding.

...

Ethan G. Quillen

...g perspectives from a number of different methodological and theoretical approaches so as to develop a truly inter- and multi-disciplinary understanding about what we mean when we discuss Atheism. On the other, this myriad of voices has equally led to an ever-broadening discordancy, an equivocal discourse that makes it all the more difficult to identify any sort of common or universal definition. This latter issue is, as this paper will argue, the result of a...

Joseph Langston1*, Joseph Hammer2, Ryan T. Cragun3

...of nonbelieving group members (“secular affiliates”), former members, and nonbelieving non-members (“secular nonaffiliates”) on nonbeliever group goals, functions, and activities. Second, we examined the perceptions of secular affiliates regarding why secular nonaffiliates do not join nonbeliever groups as well as the reasons given by secular nonaffiliates as to wh...

Gareth Longden

...etailed survey of the members of the British Humanist Association. His survey of 931 members represented the most comprehensive study of the members of the organisation then published. The current research builds on Campbell’s work and offers a detailed profile of the membership of the British Humanist Association at the start of the 21st century. ...

Marcus Mann

... on the morning of September 12, 2001, Sam Harris, a graduate student in neuroscience at the University of California – Los Angeles, woke up with an itch. He had been shaken to his core by the events of the previous day and found himself drawn to his computer, relating his thoughts on the 9/11 terrorist attacks’ implications to a word processor. What started as an itch evolved into his first book, The End of Faith: a scathing indictment of religion...

Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Muhammad Arshad Khan

...e managed in soil and mulberry foliage through application of urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP). Urea at the rate of 608 kg/ha and DAP at the rate of 260 kg/ha was applied on six mulberry varieties. The results showed a deficiency in nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and manganese in soil before the fertilizer application. Contrarily, high copper and potassium contents were found. After three weeks of fertilizer application, conc...

Oladipo Elijah Kolawole*, Oloke Julius Kola, Awoyelu Elukunbi Hilda, Olasunmibo Oluwatobi Gabriel, Ogunyale Tolulope Temitope

E-mail | koladipo2k3@ yahoo.co.uk

...eriod of 4 months (September – December, 2014). The mean age and mean CD4+ count of the subjects were 40.14±0.47 years and 387.28±18.91 cells/mm3 respectively. Out of 275 subjects tested, 15(5.45%; 95% confidence interval) were positive for anti-HEV IgM. Anti- HEV IgM was highest among the age group 11-20 (9.09%), female (7.83%), civil servant (7.37%), > 500 CD4/ mm3 (7.89%). The multivariate analysis ...

Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas Faleye1, Johnson Adekunle Adeniji1, 2 *

...etween OPV and NPEV-C members to generate recombinant VDPVs in the region exist.

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Youssef Lhor1*, Mounir Khayli1, Mohamed Bouslikhane2, Mehdi El Harrak3, Ouafaa Fassi Fihri2

Email: [email protected]

...m April to June, and October to November 2009. Interestingly, the infectivity rate of BTV was also higher during these periods indicating that high risk of infection is directly proportional to that of transmission vectors. Moreover, results demonstrate that the life stage “bumper” of the female imicola is the indicator of the infecting activity of C. imicola. Collectively, the distribution pattern...

Muhammad Zubair, Sajid Mahmood Sajid

... terms of reduction in puberty and ovulation induction. The beneficial effects are manifested in male in terms of improvement of semen.

...

Claudia Kohl*, Andreas Nitsche, Andreas Kurth

Email: [email protected]

...ch by far exceeds the number of pathogen nucleic acids in the sample. Subsequently, it is necessary to either decrease the amount of host nucleic acids or increase the amount of pathogen nucleic acids, to allow for detection via metagenomic NGS. This minireview is revising our developed TUViD-VM protocol and selected other approaches regarding their suitability in metagenomics. We provide an overview on the difficulties, challenges and opportunities that devel...

 Shubhada K Chothe, Bhushan M Jayarao and Suresh V Kuchipudi

...ng RNAs (ncRNAs) to a number of disease processes including viral infections. Cellular and virus encoded lncRNAs are emerging as novel regulatory factors which can escape the anti-protein environment in the virus infected cells and are likely to be conserved across the species. Here, we summarize our current knowledge about the role of lncRNAs in influenza virus infection and the exciting prospect of exploiting lncRNAs as targets to develop novel anti-viral th...

 Nagina Zeb, Muhammad Sajid, Abdul Mateen Khattak and Imtiaz Hussain

...ment of Horticulture, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar during 2011. Suckers of chrysanthemums were planted during the first week of January and transplanted in 20 cm clay pots in July. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors replicated three times. Different levels of potassium (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg pot-1) and maleic hydrazide (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) were used. The results revealed that potassi...

Corey McCal

...eriod. Unlike Hans Blumenberg, and, more recently, Charles Taylor, who tell the story of secularization as a process distinct from religious belief and religious institutions, Erdozain argues that the basis for secularization can be found in the religious ferment of modernity itself, beginning with the Protestant Reformation and extending through the first half of the nineteenth century. The book begins with Martin Luther and his critics, proceeds through disc...

Rick Repetti

...– originate with Robert Merrihew Adams (1972, 1979). Adams (1972) argued that in creating imperfect beings God was graceful in giving the undeserved gift of life. There have been many objections to Adams’s argument; e.g., Jerome A. Weinstock (1975) objected that God still would have been graceful in granting undeserved life to superior beings, and, among others, E. Wielenberg (2004) objected that grace doesn&rsqu...

Mohammad Taghi Karimi

... of them have a small number of subjects. Although some new orthoses have been developed to decrease the curve of kyphosis, most of them did not test on more number of subjects. It seems that Milwaukee orthosis carry higher effciency to reduce the curve of kyphosis. There are not enough evidences regarding effects of orthosis on kyphotic curve. However, based on the available literature effects of orthoses on kyphotic curve ...

Monireh Ahmadi Bani1*, Mostafa Kamali2, Iman Borji3, Soheyla Aslani3, Francis Fatoye4

...ify;">Clinically, the Romberg test has been used for evaluating stability in patients with various neurological defects. This test evaluates patients in 1 minute standing, but studies have shown that any stability test performed for less than five minutes is not clinically valuable. This study has evaluated stability with open and close eyes in normal subjects during five minutes standing in twenty healthy subjects. The subjects were asked to stand on a force ...

Maurice A. Finocchiaro

...icals, such as Ronald Numbers on the controversy over creationism and evolutionism; they stress such attitudes as impartiality, judiciousness, and even-handedness.

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Rehmat Ullah1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Kalim Ullah2

...ict Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, during year 2015. For the present study, a sample of 306 respondents was selected based on Sekaran sampling technique while using descriptive research design. Well-prepared and pre-tested interview schedule was utilized for collection of data. Descriptive statistics i.e. frequency, percentages and rank order was calculated. Chi-square test was performed to find out association among demographic characteristic...

John G. Bruno1*, Chien-Chung Chao2,3, Zhiwen Zhang3, Wei-Mei Ching2,3, Taylor Phillips1, Allison Edge1, Jeffery C. Sivils1

...s-react strongly with members of the spotted fever and scrub typhus groups, making the assay specific only to the Rickettsiaceae family level (Rickettsia and Orientia). When conducted in < 100% human serum or a tick homogenate, the fluorescent aptamer assay maintained sensitive detection of Rickettsia typhi cells. 

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Anna-Maria Andersson*, Ann-Kristin Nyman, Per Wallgren

...ruary compared to in October. Therefore, if the VP2 ELISA should be used as a tool for selection of breeding females in a control program for AD, the optimal sampling time at which the ADV antibody levels best can predict the breeding performance of the female needs to be further evaluated.

...

Shahida Bibi* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan

...reatments. Similarly, number of seeds pod-1, thousand grains weight, grain and biological yield of mungbean were also found significant. In main plots, weed density m-2 (16.47) and fresh weed biomass (529.8) were lower in herbicide treated plots in mungbean crop. Number of seeds pod-1 (10.85), thousand grains weight (30.15g), grain yield (366.56 kg ha-1) and biological yield of mun...

Murtaza Ali*, Yasser Durrani and Muhammad Ayub

...r dryer, on the white mulberry fruit (Morus alba) variety grown in District Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan. After drying, mulberry fruit was stored for 150 days and evaluated for physiochemical and sensory parameters (water activity, ash content, percent acidity, pH, moisture content, reducing and non-reducing sugars, taste, texture, color and overall acceptability). Statistically minimum decrease was observed in water acti...

Mukhtarullah1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal1*

.... 38%) every year. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), wheat is also a popular crop in the cropping system, however, average yield differs by 100% from the national average yield due to rainfed planting (67%). Sowing of wheat in the area starts in October subject to onset of winter rains which delays its planting in the season. This study aims to compare yield performance of newly released varieties of wheat by delay in sowing in th...

Imtiaz Hussain, M. Sajid, Noor ul Amin, Abdul Mateen Khattak, Abrar Hussain Shah, S. Mussarat       Hussain, Sayed Hussain and Nagina Zeb

...Agriculture, Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, during January to September, 2011. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plots arrangement was used for the experiment. The experiment was replicated four times. The Silvery softwood cuttings were planted in two different growing conditions i.e. under plastic tunnels and open field growing conditions, on five different planting dates with the r...

Qaizar Ahmed1, Fida Mohammad2, Hidayat-ur-Rahman2, Sheraz Ahmed2* and Fakharuddin2

..., -6.76 and 130.8 for number of cured leaves kg-1, -10.8 and 17.1 for yield, -16.0 and 9.94 for grade index, -10.4 and 68.66 for nicotine and -26.89 and 31.25 for reducing sugar, respectively. The current study identified KHG24/Spt G 28; KHG21/NC606 and Spt G 126/KHG24 as best crosses for yield while KHG22/KHG21 was the only best cross for grade index.  

...

Nadeem Khan1*, Arshad Ali Khan1, Mukhtar Ahmad2, Muhammad Nouman2 and Badshah Islam1

...m girth (9.90 cm) and number of branches (66.53). The internode length was the greatest in Kinnow cultivar (2.66 cm). In case of disease incidence maximum lesion on leaves were found in Kinnow (14.2) while in Cara Cara, Salustiana and Arnold Blood, lesser lesions were found. On the basis of results and overall performance Tarocco and Hamlin performed best in all aspects while Arnold Blood and Cara Cara revealed poor growth.  

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Ashley C. Banyard1* and Satya Parida2

...adication there are a number of factors that will influence the strategy taken to progress with the aim of eradication. Here we describe current areas where knowledge improvement is required to shape our understanding of the disease and its distribution alongside areas of investigation that require consideration in any viral eradication campaign. 

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Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj and Habibur Rahman

...otic in India as more number of outbreaks have occurred in the past and now occurring regularly, round the year and most frequently during the lean period throughout the country. In some Indian states viz. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Chhattisgar h the PPR outbreaks in sheep and goats have declined after implementing the strategic mass vaccination programme. The decreased number of outbreaks in recent years as well as chan...

Neil Levy

..., but the collective deliberation that underlies the power of cumulative culture is more powerful when there is sufficient diversity among the deliberators. This fact will give AIs a reason to value our continued flourishing, so that we are able to contribute to valuable epistemic diversity. 

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Neil Levy

..., but the collective deliberation that underlies the power of cumulative culture is more powerful when there is sufficient diversity among the deliberators. This fact will give AIs a reason to value our continued flourishing, so that we are able to contribute to valuable epistemic diversity. 

...

Murad Ali Khan and Mohammad Akmal 

... plant density (m-2), number of grains per head and 1000 grains weight (g). However, biomass yield (kg ha-1), grain yield (kg ha-1) and oil content (g kg-1) were found significantly (p<0.05) higher for planting geometry 90 x 15.5 cm as compared to 70 x 20 cm on mean values in both years. It is obvious from the data that yield traits are not significantly affected but still differences in its yield and seed oil content exists. So, it is possible to improve y...

 Shahab e Saqib, Mokbul Morshed Ahmad, Sanaullah Panezai, Hidayatullah, Khalid Khan Khattak

 Zafar Khan, Asad Sultan, Rajwali Khan, Sarzamin Khan, Imranullah and Kamran Farid

 
...Lower and Malakand of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In all the three districts the egg albumen was found to contain significantly higher levels of Pb, Cd and Cr as compared to egg yolk which contains significantly higher levels of essential elements (Fe, Mn and Zn). The mean concentrations of toxic heavy metals; Pb, Cd and Cr in albumen samples collected from Peshawar were 0.13, 0.06 and 0.09 (ppm) respectively. Concentration...

 Gul Naz and Mohammad Akmal

...00 showed the minimum number of spikes m-2 (242) and grains spike-1 (34.13). It can be concluded from results that application of 150 kg N ha-1 is optimum rate of N-fertilizer for irrigated spring wheat production in the area. Among the available spring wheat varieties, Pirsabak-2005 is relatively the best variety for grain yield in agro-ecological condition of Peshawar that may effectively contribute in food security of the growing population in the region.

Koksal Karadas1, Muhammad Tariq2, Mohammad Masood Tariq3* and Ecevit Eyduran4

...ctively. Minimum farm numbers for parent and child nodes were assigned at 10:5 for producing the best predictive accuracy in CART and both CHAID algorithms. According to the criteria, the significance order in the predictive accuracy for lactation milk yield was recorded as CHAID=Exhaustive CHAID >ANN>GLM >CART. The decision tree results of CHAID algorithm displayed that ewe age, number of milking and lactation leng...

 Ian von Hegner

...osits that all of its members have a full and equal status. If this status is generalized to be universally applicable, then it follows that humankind likewise are not second and first class among hypothetical gods. The existence or nonexistence of the gods is here defined as the secondary question, whereas the principal acceptance of hypothetical gods’ right to rule in a democratic context with respect to concepts of freedom is defined as the primary qu...

Rashid Mahmood1*, Saima Asad2, Waqar Ahmad1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhamamd Khalid Rafique1, Noor Islam1, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1 and Zain Ul Abiden2 

... trend of fallen mean number of mites 157±6.28, 97±3.81, 132.75±9.76 and 26±1.68 in winter, 160±20, 149±30, 161.75±18.5 and 27.5±1.04 in spring and 188.25±5.34, 196.25±5.48, 144.25±7.74 and 34.5±4.94 (Mean±SE) in summer, respectively. The average efficacy (%) of the four groups were 86±.58, 66.5±3.93, 75±7.04, 18.25± 10.25 in winter, 77±...

Yingbin Wang*, Ting Ye, Xiaogang Wang and Congyu Zhou

...e catch of Portunus trituberculatus in the northern East China Sea, and 6 main impact factors, which include the number of main catch vessel (NMV), power of main catch vessel (PMV), number of trawl vessel (NTV), power of trawl vessel (PTV), release number of larval crab (RELE), and sea surface temperature (SST). The results showed that the interpretation...

Sayeda Sarah and Muhammad Ibrar

...fertility level. Less number of spores and percent root colonization was found at high RP level (RP100) in all hybrids. Higher P doses declined the sporulation and colonization. There was total seven AMF species that were observed and recorded. The dominant genus was Acaulospora which was followed by Glomus, Sclerocystis and Gigaspora. The average AMF spore density ranged from 56-260 spores/100g soil while root colonization ranged from 32-100%. Mycorrhizal enh...

Allah Wadhayo Gandahi, Khalilluah Panhwar, Rabail Gandahi, Muhammad Saleem Sarki and Mahmooda Buriro

...maximum plant height, number of green leaves plant-1, number of opened bolls plant-1, seed index, and seed cotton yield ha-1. Red leaves reduced when soil was fertilized with N, P and K @ 120-70-40 kg ha-1; and plots without application of K (120-70-0 kg ha-1) and PK (120-0-0 kg N ha-1) increased number of red leaves. In case of micronutrients, Zn @ 4 kg and B @ 1.5 kg ha-1 were highly eff...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Rysanek

...d reductions in final numbers of cysts per 250 g of soil, eggs and juveniles per cyst. Nematicides effects were not quite significant among each other but had tremendous effects in reducing nematode population compared to that of untreated control. A significant (P=0.05) reduction in numbers of eggs per cyst warrants that nematicides were able to penetrate into cysts. Reproduction rate (Pf/Pi) of L. muscarium treated plants ...

Felwa A. Thagfan1, Mohamed A. Dkhil1,2* and Saleh Al-Quraishy1

...300 mg/kg reduced the number of oocyst output in mice faeces by about 56.8 % and also improved the body weight. In addition, the root extract decreased the number of parasitic stages and the number of goblet cells in the jejunal villi in the infected mice. Moreover, the expression of the goblet cell mucin gene, muc2 was upregulated after treatment with the root extract. Based on our result...

Usman Ijaz1, Muhammad Sajid Tahir2, Khalid Abdul Majeed3*, Shahid Iqbal4, Iffat Huma5, S. Firyal6, Ijaz Ahmed7, Shahid Chohan8 and Aamir Riaz Khan9 

...cted from Nathiagali, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. After amplification with specific oligos, the amplicons of partial region of COI were subjected to sequencing, and then observed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs were observed on three loci of the COI gene as compared to reference sequence of Panthera pardus pardus. The specimens found in Pakistan were found to be closely related to Panthera pardu...

Paul I. Ankeli, Mashood A. Raji, Haruna M. Kazeem, Moses O. Odugbo, Nendir J. Umaru, Idowu O. Fagbamila, Livinus T. Ikpa, Obinna O. Nwankiti, Issa A. Muraina, Pam D. Luka and Nicholas D. Nwankpa

...inarily identified as members of the Mycoplasma mycoides sub-cluster which comprises Mmm and Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri (Mmc). Three (3) of the 8 Mycoplasma isolates were identified as Mmm using the IS1296F/R(all) and MM450/MM451 primer sets. The 574 bp product obtained by MM450/MM451 primer set gave two fragments (379, 178 bp) on digestion with AsnI restriction enzyme further confirming the isolates. This is the first report of the isolation and mol...

Mazhir Nadeem Ishaq, Li Cui Xia, Rukhsana Rasheed, Zeeshan Ahmad, Muhammad Abdullah

...e cooperatives’ members. Econometric techniques to draw inferences include the application of t-test, binary Logistic model and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) with algorithm of near neighbor (NN) and interval matching. The impact of cooperative membership on small milk producers was evaluated by calculating the values of average treatment effects (ATE) on eight performance indicators. The outcomes of study disclosed t...

Safdar A. Wahocho, Tanveer F. Miano, Noor U.N. Memon and Niaz A. Wahocho

...period in relation to number of flowers as well as flower quality.

...

Gerald E. Marsh

...f this lament.

...

Haidar Ali, Malik Muhammad Shafi and Himayatullah Khan

...in Peshawar Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A sample of 201 farm households (Owners, Owner-cum-tenants and tenants) was selected using random sampling technique and data were collected through a pre-tested interview schedule. This study is focused on two selected districts of Peshawar and Charsadda. Four villages were studied two each from the sampled districts. Analysis showed that owners (59.31 percent off-farm employment) were performing more off-farm jobs th...

Metin Duru1*, Asuman Arslan Duru1, Köksal Karadaş2, Ecevit Eyduran3, Harun Cinli4 and Mohammad Masood Tariq5

...AID analysis. A total number of eighty, 56 weeks old Hy-Line White laying hens (commercial type) of nearly similar initial body weight (1360.6±14.25 g) were assigned into 5 experimental groups (control group and 4 treatment groups) each including 16 and maintained individually in cages of 35 x 40 x 45 cm. The strongest correlations were found for egg weight-egg width (r=0.910, P<0.01), haugh unit-albumen index (r=0.876, P<0.01), egg weight-egg hei...

Haji Muhammad, Zafar Iqbal* and Saira Saleemi

...was conducted from September 2013 to August, 2014 at eight sampling sites to ascertain fish diversity and their distribution pattern. A total 2249 fish specimen were collected using a variety of fish nets and identifications of these fishes were made by using standard taxanomic keys on the basis of morphometric characters. Seventy species belonging to 43 genera and 17 families were recorded from the study area of Indus River. Thirty two species were commercial...

Sadiq Hussain, Muhammad Sharif, Sarmad Khan, Fazli Wahid, Hina Nihar, Wiqar Ahmad, Imran Khan, Nadeem Haider and Tabassum Yaseen

...om fresh growing crop of berseem at the University research farm and used as inoculums in this experiment. Results showed the maximum grain yield of 15.09 and 14.7 g pot-1, highest total dry matter yield of 36.3 g and 36 g pot-1, maximum roots dry weight of 5.6 and 5.41g pot-1, hundred grains weight of 4.64 g and 4.6 g were observed for the mycorrhiza inoculation with half and full dose of vermicompost treatments, respectively. Highest straw yield of 21.5 g an...

Zaheer Ahmad Qureshi and Khuram Nawaz Sadozai

...ty of rural region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Province, Pakistan. This study utilized cross sectional data of House Hold Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) collected by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics to obtain the income and expenditure level of sampled House Hold. The HIES data set of year 2011-12 for KP Province was comprised of the total of 1352 sampled House Hold. However, the sampled rural House Hold was 926. The statistical framework comprised of Lorenz cu...

Muhammad Imran*, Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Farooq Nasir, Imran Bodlah, Muhammad Nasir and Umer Ayyaz Aslam Sheikh

...nate box with maximum numbers of daughter queens and males emerged 1.7-4.0 fold higher than from cardboard and wooden material boxes. Foundation queen (mother queen) survival duration was the lowest in cardboard box (64.6 days) while highest in polycarbonate box (109.5 days). Mortality of workers and males was 2.1-fold less in polycarbonate as compare to cardboard and wooden materials. Such important abiotic affect of rearing environment suggests polycarbonate...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

...asitizing the maximum number of eggs, whereas D. oviparasitica appeared to be the least efficient after 72 hours. The greatest numbers of cysts and eggs were found to be colonized with L. muscarium during microscopic observations. In the greenhouse experiment, L. muscarium had significant effects in reducing the nematode population in soil compared to the other treatments. In regard to the growth parameters, root and sh...

Muhammad Basit1, Shafqat Saeed2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3, Rana Zulfiqar4

 

...so found but in small numbers. Among natural enemies, ladybeetles and spiders were found to be the putative predators with maximum population of 3.9 and 3.5 individuals/plant, respectively. Further, correlation study indicated that syrphids and chrysoperla had a significant positive correlation with A. gossypii and T. orichalcea, respectively. Likewise, spiders and lady beetles had significant positive relationship with B. tabaci, N. inconspicuous and Empoas...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

...ed by determining the number of galls and egg masses, juveniles and eggs per root system, and reproduction factor. Four initial populations (Pi) (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 eggs) mixed with antagonistic fungal conidia levels (1×103, 1×104, 1×105, 1×106) were used during the experiments. The roots were stained with Phloxine B, the egg-masses were quantified, the root systems were rated for galling, and the egg masses were measured on a 0 ...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

....05) reduction in the number of galls and egg masses, eggs and juveniles (J2), and the reproduction factor (Rf=Pf/Pi) was observed in the plants treated with L. muscarium compared to the control. However, all chemical nematicides were also effective in reducing the nematode infestation significantly (P=0.05) in soil compared to the control, but there was no significant difference (P=0.05) among them. Plant growth was significantly (P=0.05) improved in the plan...

Misbah Riaz1, Qaiser Mansoor2, Maleeha Akram1, Muhammad Ismail2, Parveen Akhtar3, Shakeel Mirza4, Mazhar Qayyum1, Afzaal Ahmed Naseem1, Faheem Tahir5 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1*

...nizing hormone (LH) at puberty. The deficiency in release or action of GnRH leads to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) characterized by low FSH, LH and testosterone (T) and absent or impaired sexual development at puberty. Amongst others, mutations in GPR54 and GnRH receptor (GNRHR) are possible causes of HH. This study aimed at identification of mutations in GPR54 and GNRHR genes and their correlation with HH in Pakistani ...

Afzaal Ahmad Naseem1*, Maleeha Akram1, Sarwat Jahan2, Kiran Afshan2, Zubaria Iqbal1, Faheem Tahir3, Mazhar Qayyum1 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1

...tudinal bone growth at puberty or pubertal growth spurt has been ascribed to reciprocated physiological influences of both somatotropic and gonadal axes, manifested as higher secretion of growth hormone (GH) and testosterone (T). GH and T affect linear growth velocity (LGV) directly through stimulation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Furthermore, T promotes LGV through augmentation of GH secretion. Nevertheless, age and dev...

 Ali Murad Rahoo1,2, Tariq Mukhtar3,*, Simon R. Gowen1, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4 and Shaukat Ibrahim Abro5

... IJ dose. The minimum number of juveniles emerged at the dose of 200 IJ. The relationship between inoculation dose and emergence of IJ by using both methods was non-significant. Similarly, with an increase in inoculum dose and time, invasion of host was significantly increased. There was little invasion at the 800 IJ dose even after 4 days whereas with the commercial dose (8,000), nematodes did migrate to the larvae and caused some infection after 2, 3 and 4 d...

John Gachohi, Simon Karanja, Salome Wanyoike, Nduhiu Gitahi, Salome Bukachi, Kenneth Ngure

...taken for two years in Kibera slums in Nairobi city Kenya. Human and animal blood and urine samples will be collected at the household level whereas soil and water samples will be collected at the community level. Attempts will be made to isolate Leptospira bacteria from urine, soil and water samples. Antibody detection in animal and human serum samples will utilize Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). Study outcomes will include (i) geo-referencing of advers...

Tayiba Latif Gulraiz1, Arshad Javid1*, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Muhammad Shahbaz3, Irfan3 and Sharoon Daud4

...om January, through December, 2011 and a total of twelve fungal and twelve bacterial genera were isolated. Four fungal (Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium and Saccharomyces) and two bacterial genera (Klebsiella and Nocardia) were isolated from bolus only, three fungal (Cryptococcus, Histoplasma and Trichophoton) and six bacterial (Acaligenes, Azotobacter, Bartonella, Nitrsomonas, Pseudomonas and Salmonella) genera were isolated from guano while five fungal (Altern...

Abdullah Mart1* and Orhan Erman2

...ce between May 2003-October 2004 have been described.

...

Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Noor Khan4, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6

...2.32%–18.32% and fiber remained as 7.52% – 13.12%. Phosphorus was found as 0.21%–1.8%. In fish meal preparation, 24 species belonging to different families were noted in which the most abundantly used species were sardine (Dussumieria acuta), mullet (Liza carinata, L. subviridis), herring (Chirocentrus dorab), elongated sole (Solia elongate), black fin sea bream (Acanthopagrus berda), grunts (Pomadasys hast...

Dallin D. Oaks and Cynthia L. Hallen

...phors in the lives of members of a religious community is especially significant when they are incorporated into sacred texts. This would seem to be the case not only for Judaism, Islam, and mainline Christianity, but also for Mormonism, a distinctive branch of Christianity. Officially known as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS), Mormonism shares some root metaphors with other Christians but differs in important ways in its development and u...

Marryam Bakhtawar1, Qamar Saeed1* and Naeem Iqbal2

...iologically control a number of pests for an eco-friendly pest control system.

...

Bibi Tayyaba Batool1, Aemal Tareen1, Shahjahan Shabir Ahmed1, Hira Ejaz1, Mohammad Azam Kakar1, Syed Abdul Rehman2, Mohammed Saeed1, Zafar Ahmad3, Mohammad Masood Tariq3, Mohammad Arif Awan3 and Muhammad Naeem Shahwani1*

...Brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis (TB) are a constraint to livestock production in Balochistan. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis in cattle, goats and sheep in some primary dwelling districts of Balochistan. Our results showed that brucellosis was found 2.2% positive from Quetta district and 0.6% positive from Pishin district and bovine (TB) was found 0.60% positiv...

Atta ur Rehman1, Sher Ali2 and Sajid Malik2*

...ferentiation in lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) region, ABO and Rh blood groups record of nine Pashtun populations, i.e., Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, Hangu, Karak, Kohat, Kurram Agency, Lakki Marwat, South Waziristan Agency, and Tank, was collected. Absolute gene diversity, gene differentiation and genetic diversity were estimated to be 0.01, 0.019 and 0.515, respectively. There were the highest affinities between the samples obtained from Lakki Marwat and Tank di...

Muhammad Raheel1,*, Nazir Javed2, Sajid Aleem Khan2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif3 and Sohail Ahmed4

...temperatures. Maximum numbers of IJs were recovered from H. bacteriophora. Time taken for first emergence of IJs from the host was shortest at 25oC i.e. 7-8 days in case of S. asiaticum and S. feltiae, while 11-13 days for H. bacteriophora and H. indica. Maximum emergence time was taken by S. feltiae at 10oC.

...

Oladipo Elijah Kolawole, Oloke Julius Kola and Awoyelu Hilda Elukunbi

...r months (August to November, 2014). The sera of individuals were subjected to serological assay for IgM using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean age of subjects was 39.5±0.48 years and the mean CD4+ was 384.27 ±17.77 cells/µl. Out of 278 subjects tested, 11 (4%) were positive for anti-EBV IgM. Anti-EBV IgM was highest in the age group 41-50 years, 5 (5.81%); females, 8 (4.85%); students (14.21%); and CD4+ 350-500 cells/µl, 4...

Sezgi Arman* and Sema Isisag Ucuncu

...e confirmed that, the numbers of acidic and neutral cells of per unite square of epithelial area were significantly different.

...

Sezgi Arman* and Sema Isisag Ucuncu

...e confirmed that, the numbers of acidic and neutral cells of per unite square of epithelial area were significantly different.

...

Wang Tian1, Huayong Zhang1,*, Jian Zhang2, Lei Zhao1, Mingsheng Miao3 and Hai Huang1

...and Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum, Cryptophyta and Theopilium, Ascomorpha ovalis, Hexarthra mira were observed during the CCA. These zooplankton species may be used as indicators of relevant variables. Results in this research are very useful in guaranteeing ecological security in Lake Nansihu.

...

Xiangxing Zhu1, Junyu Nie1, Shouneng Quan1,2, Huiyan Xu1, Xiaogan Yang1, Yangqing Lu1, Kehuan Lu1 and Shengsheng Lu1*

...ons. Although a large number of transgenic mouse models carrying astrocyte-specific transgene expression of transgene have made significant contributions to understanding astrocytic structure and function in vitro and in vivo, evidence suggests that mouse models are limited and sometimes do not fully replicate the complete spectrum of neurological phenotypes seen in human diseases. On the contrary, pigs, especially mini-pigs, show exciting potential for modeli...

Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1*, Lorenzo Gallus2, Sara Ferrando2, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman3, Abdul Ghaffar4 and Abdul Mateen5

...sea bream, Acanthopagrus berda (weight 23.5g−125.8 g) were investigated. Fish were randomly distributed in rectangular glass tanks (150 liter) and were fed at six ration levels of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0,3.5, 4.0 and 4.5% body weight per day (BW d−1) and four feeding frequency i.e., once, twice, thrice and four times per day. Fish in all replicates were fed with diet comprising 40% protein and 20% lipid for 75 days. Higher percent weight gain (% WG), best fe...

Sidra-Tul-Muntaha1, Muhammad Sagheer1*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan1 and Shahbaz Talib Sahi2

...mala, baryosma and Zingiber officinale) and three synthetic pyrethroids (bifenthrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin) on three geographical populations of Callosobruchus chinensis collected during 2013 from Faisalabad, Multan and Nankana districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Three concentrations of each plant extract (5, 10, 15 and 20%) and synthetic pyrethroids (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03%) were evaluated in this study. We observed significant results with each treatment. F...

Aziz-ul-Rahman, Farooq Yousaf, Naveed Anwar and Muhammad Abubakar

...rms from January to December 2015 with no history of vaccination. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was performed using PPRV antigen to determine antibody titres level. The overall prevalence of antibodies to PPRV in goats and sheep were 66.22% (521 samples) and 65.76% (444 samples), respectively. Sero-prevalence of anti-PPRV antibodies was found higher in adults (69.14% with GMT 17.91) than in young (62.47% with GMT 12.85). Furthermore, seasonal seroposi...

Salma Shaheen, Mumtaz Khan, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani, Zarina Bibi, Muhammad Munir and Mehwish Kiran

 

...n plant height (11%), number of leaves (124%), fresh foliage yield (136%), dry foliage yield (16.4%), leaf length (20.2%) and leaf area (77.4%) were noted where pressmud + EM was applied as compared to its corresponding treatment without EM. Maximum Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations were found where pressmud + EM was applied. Dietary fiber, vitamin C and crude proteins were also increased in spinach with pressmud + EM application...

Qamar Ali, Muhammad Ashfaq and Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan

...scale in off-season cucumber production in Punjab, Pakistan. Primary data were collected from 70 off-season cucumber growers by using simple random sampling. Cobb-Douglas was good on the basis of R2 (0.748) and f-statistics (17.505). Production elasticity was positive for education, polythene sheet, fertilizers, chemical, irrigation and labour days. Under utilization of resources was found for polythene sheet, fertilizers, c...

Nusrat Habib, Safeena Inam and Abdul Hayee Qureshi

...se oil production. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa it was adopted from many years but due to some reasons its production and acreage decreased both in Pakistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. During 1997 area of sunflower was 6763 hectares with decreasing trend it reached at 503 hectares during 2011-12 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This study was conducted to quantify the factors contributing to the non-adoption o...

Amjad Ali and Abbas Ullah Jan

...in three districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, i.e district Mardan, Charsadda and Dera Ismail Khan. Randomly a sample size of 303 sugarcane growers was formally interviewed for crop season 2014-15 through a pretested questioners prepared on the bases of objectives of the study. Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) was employed for data analysis using computer software STATA. Result illustrates that technical efficiency of sugarcane crop for the period under study in ...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Saeed Akhtar

...district Charsadda in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Secondary data was collected from revenue office Tangi, and was geospatially analyzed in ARC GIS 10.1. Geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based set of procedures used to store and analyze geographically-referenced data. Primary data about crop yield and per acre production, new seed and crop varieties etc. was collected with the help of a questionnaire survey. A total of 50 household w...

Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed and Dilnawaz Ahmed Gardezi

...ed maximum values for number of tillers and stem girth, whereas S-05-FSD-307 revealed maximum values for plant height and number of nodes. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences for plant height, number of tillers, leaf area, brix percentage, reducing and non-reducing sugar. A total of 79.75% cumulative variance was estimated in genotypes with PCA analysis at eigenval...

Muhammad Aslam Shahid, Muhammad Iqbal and Muhammad Niamatullah

... spath length, width, number of strands/spath, number of flower per strands, number of spath per tree, weight of pollen grain/spath, weight of pollen grain/tree, pollen viability, fruit set, yield and physico-chemical characteristics. The results indicated that males were significantly differed from one another in all these characters during both years of study. Maximum spath length (107.2...

Naushad Khan1*, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Munir Khan1, Shaista Naz2, Javeria Tanveer1 and Muhammad Kaleem3

...in the rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province is considered a main staple food in low income households. Due to small scale farming in the province the maize growers are always in need of loan for the purchase of inputs. The present study examined the effect of ZTBL credit program on maize productivity in district Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this, a sample of 226 farmers was selected by employing multi st...
Waheed Anwar*, Muhammad S. Haider, Ahmad A. Shahid, Hamid Mushtaq, Usman Hameed, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman and Muhammad Javed Iqbal
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6
...a bream Acanthopagrus berda was investigated. Fish juvenile (10.1±0.5 g) were collected from Sonari Channel, Hawksbay, Karachi and were brought to aquaculture laboratory of the Centre for 15 days acclimatization. After acclimatization, they were randomly distributed into the rectangular tanks (3 × 1.5 ×1.5 ft each). In each tank, 10 fish were stocked with three replications for each treatment. Four isonitrogenous diets containing diff...
Irshad Ahmad
.... It is attacked by a number of insect pests including walnut borer (Zeuzera coffeae Nietner) that adversely affects the yield and quality of the fruit and wood. This study describes the life cycle of the pest, the nature and extent of damage done to walnut, and the preventive measures applied under integrated pest management program (IPM) and includes the cautious use of chemical insecticides, mechanical means, cultural and biological control methods f...
Muhammad Mohsin Javed*, Muhammad Azhar Nisar, Bushra Muneer and Muhammad Usman Ahmad
...ompare to other dual chamber MFCs.
...
Rashid Mahmood1*, Saima Asad2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Waqar Ahmad1, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1, Ammara Balouch1 and Muhammad Khalid Rafique1
...sed which had similar number of worker bees, brood and stored food. In order to study the foraging activity of honeybees in the field condition, the number of pollen foragers returning to the hive entrance was recorded for 10 min duration on hourly basis between 0800 h to 1600 h for 3 days per week. The data was collected at 0800–1000 hours (early morning foraging activity), 1000-1200 hours (late morning foraging activ...
Farkhanda Manzoor1, Iram Amin2,*, Muhammad Shahid2,Samia Afzal2,Hania Ramzan1, Tahir Rehman Samiullah2 and Muhammad Idrees3
...hore during May to September of 2012 to 2014. RNA extracted from each mosquito larvae pool was tested by nested PCR for detection of dengue virus. Out of total 50 pools of Aedes aegypti larvae, DV-2 was the most prevalent serotype. DENV-1 was not found in any pool. While all pools of Aedes albopictus were negative for dengue virus. Our study showed that the main cause of spreading of dengue virus was Aedes aegypti. Serotype DENV-2 was domi...
Syed Fazal Baqi Kakakhel*, Asad Ullah and Abdur Rashid
... phases i.e. December 21-24 in Kalam and December 26-29 in Mankial valleys. Vintage point count surveys revealed that the Markhor preferred habitats in Kalam and Mankial valleys in District Swat. Among the six sub valleys of Kalam, only Shahoo and Mahodand valleys have some population of Flare-horned Markhor whereas in Mankial the sub valleys of Basharai, Tanazgah and Bara Dara are the main habitats of this Markhor. T...
Arif Jan,* Abdul Rab, Rooh Ullah, Haroon and Ikram Ullah
...015. Kumrat valley in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The GSI values recorded monthly ranged from 2 to 13.5, the highest value was recorded in March while the lowest was recorded in April and October. We inferred that S. plagiostomus spawn twice a year, once in March-April and then in October-November.
...
Sameera Akhtar1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer1, Khushi Muhammad1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Muhammad Anees2, Imran Rashid1, Raza-ur-Rehman3 and Irshad Hussain1
... the virus revealed a number of substitution mutations in the structural and functional domains when compared to the representative strains of each genotype including the vaccine strains (genotype II and III). Interestingly, some of these mutations were found exclusive to the study isolate. Not only do these prime findings improve our understanding about currently circulating strains of NDVs but they also help us to envisage potential efforts to avoid future o...

Table of Contents

Table of Contents
...f Zoology, Volume 49, Number 1, February 2017

...
Sumra Ashraf1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2,Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan3, Muhammad Tahir1, Sehrish Rasool1, Maryam Anwar1 and Fiaz Hussain1
...es significantly more number of eggs, adults and also lived significantly longer than other treatments. Highest fecundity and longevity of parasitoid was recorded in case of parasitoids feeding on 50% honey solution followed by 25% sugar and date syrups solutions respectively. It has provided useful information for the mass rearing of this potential biocontrol agent which may be used in the successful implementation of biocontrol program for the suppression of...
Jehangir Khan1,2*, Inamullah Khan3, Ijaz Ali2, Aqib Iqbal2 and Muhammad Salman4
...of district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A semi-nested multiplex PCR was used to amplify the cDNA of the four dengue serotypes. Six out of 35 (17.14%) adult mosquito pools were found positive for dengue virus with type-2 (77.77 %) and type-3 (11.11 %) while a single (11.11%) pool of concurrent infection with type 2 & 3 was also detected. The adult Ae. aegypti belonging to Shuba Bazaar showed 33% positivity for DENV with minimum infe...
Muhammad Afzal1,Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi1,*, Khalid Zamir Rasib2 and Irfan Hussain1
...ramericana and Dalbergia sissoo were observed most palatable and resistant wood species, respectively, in no-choice laboratory and field trials. Five different wooden pairs were evaluated in choice bioassays in laboratory and field conditions. In force feeding field bioassays, least mass loss was recorded on D. sissoo (0.19±0.07g) and maximum on P. euramericana (1.50.1g). Under choice laboratory trials, maximum mass loss differe...
Zafrullah Khan1, Shah Alam Khan1*, Hamayoon Khan2, Naeem Khan3, Khwaja Junaid1 and Inamullah Khan1
...eem-2000, Serin-2010, Khyber-87, Sarhad-82, and Khushal-69) in three separate experiments. Antibiosis resistance was identified to R. padi in wheat cultivar (Serin-2010), where a minimum number of R. padi progeny were produced in 11.4 days. Wheat cultivar (Atta Habib) was found significantly susceptible to R. padi as it produced higher number of progeny in only ...
Pinar Oztopcu-Vatan1, Gokhan Kus2, Emine Inan3, Melek Gunindi Korkut3, Selda Kabadere4,* and Ruhi Uyar4
...uration decreased the number of surviving cells by 87 %. Treatments with 150, 200 and 250 µM licofelone caused early apoptotic cell rates of 4, 15 and 24 % for 24 h and 6, 13 and 24 % for 48 h, respectively. In addition, 150, 200 and 250 µM of 5-Fluorouracil resulted early apoptotic cell values of 13, 12, and 11 % for 24 h and 18, 22 and 16 % for 48 h. This study revealed that licofelone possesses dose and time dependent anti-proliferative and apop...
Atta ur Rehman Khan1,2*, Nazir Javed2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi2, Tariq Mukhtar1, Sajid Aleem Khan2 and Waqas Ashraf3
...d adults were less in number in the combined treatment. 
...
Abida Butt,* Imtiaz Alam and Rabia Naz
...ng web parameters and number of intercepted insects in decorated and non-decorated webs. For the study, 236 randomly selected webs of A. trifasciata were observed in the rice fields around the cities of Sheikhupura and Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. In the adult spiders, mesh height, capture area and capture thread length was positively correlated with IVth leg length; mesh size also showed positive correlation with carapace width and wet weight o...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Sara Ferrando2, Lorenzo Gallus2 and Abdul Ghaffar3
... bream, Acanthopagrus berda was examined in brackish water ponds. Fish were stocked @ 1500 individuals per pond (2 treated and 2 control) of approximate dimensions, 13.72 m × 10.97 m × 1.52 m (229 m3). In treated ponds, fish were fed with artificial diet (protein 42%, lipid 20% and energy 25.2 kJ g-1) for 120 days in three equal meals. On the other hand, control ponds remained without additives. During the whole study p...

 Ali Zurwan1,*, Muhammad Moaeen-ud-Din2, Ghulam Bilal2, Zia-ur-Rehman1,2 and Muhammad Sajjad Khan1

...calving and lactation number except that Wood index that did not vary with seasons. Heritability estimates of various indices were low and ranged from 0.004 to 0.067 indicating very lower genetic control. This is the first study to show genetic of persistency of lactation. Although results may be validated using more data and more accurately recorded pedigree for several generations however, this is really useful firsthand information.
...
Rashid Mahmood1,*, Waqar Ahmad1, Muhamamd Khalid Rafique1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Anjum Shahzad2
... to 127.34 g, average number of seeds varied between 7.95 to 7.73 seeds per fruit and yield per tree was recorded between 28.92 to 31.65 kg per tree. Number of Apple fruits per tree ranged between 145.72 to 164.58 in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Average fruit weight varied between 103.66 to 112.13 g and average number of seeds varied between 7.73 to 7.95 seeds per fruit and yield per tree ...
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Ehsan Kamrani1, Narges Amrollahi Biuki1 and Hossein Zamani2
...thly from March to September 2014 in the intertidal zones of Bandar Lengeh in the Persian Gulf. The numbers of males, females, unsexual samples were counted for 71, 126 and 20, respectively. Females were totally 1.77 times heavier than males. Wet weights of gonads were nearly 8.25% of the mean total wet body weights. Only females were observed by gonad wet weights more than 12 g. The gonad wet weights of females (3.74±...
Fazal Said1,Mian Inayatullah2 and Hussain Ali3*
...° N, 71.53° E)Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan during spring and fall 2012 and 2013. Objectives of current trial were to assess visitation pattern of Apis mellifera and A. florea and to examine their influence on yield increase as well as on oil contents of sunflower seed. Frequent visitations of A. mellifera observed at 1200 noon, where 29 individuals of bee visitors were found on sunflower blossoms. The next high (25 honeybee/3 m...
Andrea Rezic1, Ivica Boskovic2, Piera Lubinu3, Marina Piria1, Tihomir Florijancic2, Massimo Scandura3 and Nikica Sprem1*
...eased sample size and number of landmarks so as to obtain a more accurate expression of form and better differentiation between the sexes.
...

Table of Contents for Pakistan Journal of Zoology, Volume 49, Number 2, April 2017

Table of Contents
...f Zoology, Volume 49, Number 2, April 2017

...
Rashid Ahmed Khan* and Muhammed Naveed
...48 in the month of September. The lowest population was recorded at 26, 3, 2 and 1 for November, December, January and February, respectively. The optimum monthly average temperature and relative humidity ranged from 26 to 35 °C and 60%, respectively. The population of the fruit fly was positively correlated with the temperature and slightly negative correlation was seen for relative h...
Mingqin Shao1*, Bin Chen1, Peng Cui2, Binbin Zeng1 and Jianhong Jiang1
...ovince, China, from December 2012 to March 2013 and December 2015 to March 2016. Results showed that the daily travel distance of scaly-sided merganser was 3100 ± 1313 m; the daily home range was 122,460 ± 42,019 m2; and the overall home range was 202,350 m2 during the wintering period. No significant difference was detected in the daily travel distance between different months (F = 0.658,...
K.N. ArulJothi1, M. Abinaya1, B. Suruthi Abirami1, Melvin George2, S. Elangovan3 and A. Devi1*
...onsistent with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Through logistic regression analysis, it was observed that, in Tamil population the CC and CT genotype carriers have higher odds of developing myocardial infarction (OR – 1.64 and  2.04 respectively) and for developing hypercholesterolemia (OR – 2.02 and 2.13 respectively). In the total population, the CC genotype carriers have significantly lower HDL-C (0.82 ± 0.04 mmol/L Vs, 0.9 ± 0.05...

 Nosheen Noor Elahi* and Misbah Mughal

...s and structures like number of stomata, number and shape of cork, silica, long, and pointed elongated cork cells. It is therefore contended that the structure of the epidermis in sugar cane can be used as a characteristic of variety differentiation.

...

Iftikhar Ahmad, Abdul M. Saleem, Ghulam Mustafa, Khurram Ziaf, Irfan Afzal and Muhammad Qasim

...and seedling vigor of Gerbera jamesonii and Zinnia elegans. Seeds of Gerbera jamesonii and Zinnia elegans were primed in salt solutions and distilled water for 24 h and 12 h, respectively, and germinated at 25 ± 1 °C with 40-60% R.H. in 16/8 hours day/night conditions. Results revealed that pre-sowing seed treatment particularly halopriming with CaCl2 was the most effective for invigoration of ger
Abdul Malik1,4, Ghulam Abbas1*, Hameeda Kalhoro2, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Syed Sajjad A. Shah4 and Halima Kalhoro3 
...ound to be greater in number at low salinity level as compared to higher salinity level. Survival of fry ranged from 1058 to 1100 at salinity level of 0‰ – 20‰ with 5% increment, after which fry number decreased significantly (P<0.05). The fertilized eggs did not differ for the fish at salinity of 0‰ –20‰, but decreased significantly when salinity levels were increased above 25&perm...

Mohammad Raoofi and Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim

...ld, plant height, and number of leaves per plant, number of main-stem nodes, leaf area and percentage of vegetation cover as well as increased the nutritional value of alfalfa in terms of nutrient elements, proteins and factors such as ADF, Ash, CF, NDF.

...
Sehrish Rasool1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2, Sumra Ashraf1, Maryam Anwer1, Atif Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir1 and Hoor Shaina1
...era: Braconidae). The number of adults, sex ratio and size of emerging adults were recorded. Smaller and larger host species were used to determine the survival potential of the wasp. It was observed that maximum number of adult wasps emerged from the hosts G. mellonlla (95 ±2.30 (se) and S. litura (81 ±1.15 (se)) by placing the lowest number of wasp eggs (4 egg...

 Saqib Ali1, Suliman Ali1, Lina1, Wen Zhou1, Muhammad Irfan Waris1, Ashfaq Ali2 and Man Qun Wang1,*

...ation of fast-growing timber forest, the plantation of trap trees, sanitation, removal of the damaged trees and exact placement of insecticide saturated sticks into larval sites can reduce the spread of ALB in the regions of China. The ecological, in addition to biological uniqueness and development of sawyer beetles (Monochamus alternates) are also discussed.
...
Wali Khan*, Ghazal Mumtaz, Saima Bibi and Salma Afzal
...cted during April to October 2016. These vegetable samples were screened for parasitic contamination. The results showed that 10.7% of the vegetables were found to be contaminated with one or more than one species of parasites. Intestinal parasites Ascaris lumbricoides 26.7%, Trichuris trichura 19.6%, Taenia saginata 25 % and Entamoeba histolytica cyst 28.5% were detected. The highest prevalence was recorded for Entamoeba histolytica while Trichuris trichura w...
Memoona Akber1, Muhammad Mushtaq1,*, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1, Amjad Rashid Kayani1 and Noor-un-Nisa2 
...n = 12) and the least number was recorded during spring (n = 7). A non-significant difference between numbers of captured individuals of both the sexes was recorded. Adult population of the Norway rat dominated the juvenile during all the seasons of the year. Data on the body weight reflected that the males were heavier than the females in all the four seasons of the year; the heaviest males were observed during the winter s...
Irum, Akram Shah*, Sobia Wahid, Nazma Habib Khan and Qaisar Jamal
...mail Khan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Province, Pakistan through investigating disease recurrences and Cyclops species in drinking water sources. A cross-sectional household survey was carried out using in-person questionnaire evaluation along with microscopic assessment of water samples for Cyclops species. Based on previous clinical records of dracunculiasis, five villages of Dera Ismail Khan including Kath Garh, Wanda Dost Ali, Chah Mu...

M. Abdus Salam1, M. Moynul Haque2, Md. Obaidul Islam3, M. Nasir Uddin4 and Md. Nazmul Haque3*

... components, yield and fiber quality attributes of cotton. Yield and quality of cotton were significantly higher when crop was grown from seeds stored in polythene bag as compared to cloth bag. Interaction of genotypes and seed sources indicated that highest sympodial branches plant-1 (19.11), days to 50% flowering and boll splitting (72.00 and 156.33, respectively), number of bolls plant-1 (20.33), boll weight (4.60 g), see...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...l the 24 districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to investigate the agricultural mechanization competencies of AEOs. Sum total of 111 AEOs were contacted for data collection. Primary data were collected from the selected sample of AEOs by mailing the questionnaires. The results showed that overwhelming majority of the respondents i.e., 88% were M.Sc degree holders. They have had an average work experience of 16 years. Significant differences were observed among the co...
Mohammad Salim1, Arshad Javid2,*, Faiz-ur-Rahman3, Khalid Javed Iqbal4 and FarmanUllah5
...om Malakand district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during a three years survey extending from June 2010 through May 2013. Mean body mass of the captured R. ferrumequinum specimens was 18.45 ± 0.35 g, head and body length was 60.11 ± 1.42 mm and forearm length was 60.01 ± 1.41 mm. Similarly, average greatest length of skull was 23.35 ± 0.20 mm while the total length of baculum of a single specimen was recorded 4.13 mm. The mean body mas...

Sadiq Ali* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan

...festing many parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, but more affected regions are Peshawar valley and Hazara division where it has enormously invaded most of the open spaces like roadsides, wasteland and water ways resulting in loss of local biodiversity. Field survey of district Swabi (Peshawar Valley) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, was carried out during May-June, 2013-14 to study the distribution of Parthenium weed. Five villages ...
Syed Ishfaq Ali Shah1,*, Tassawar Hussain Malik2, Imran Rafi Khan1 and Zahid Hussain
...of the season, lowest number of jassid/leaf was recorded on USG-12-8 (1.7) followed by USG-12-44 (3.2) and USG-12-24 (3.3) while, number of whiteflies/leaf on USG-14-2460 (11.6) followed by USG-12-24 (12.4) and USG-14-2478 (12.7) whereas, highest resistance was recorded against thrips in all accessions. Among the local varieties, lowest jassid/leaf was noted on desi/arborum (0.8) followed by AA-703 (3.6) and AA-802 (3.7) whi...
Hamayun Khan1,*, Momen Khan2, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi3, Shakoor Ahmad1, Ali Gohar4, Hameed Ullah5, FarmanUllah6, Arab Hussain7, Pershotam Khatri8, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Hamid Rehman1 and Azmatullah Khan1
..., District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Collection of semen was done using artificial vagina (42°C) for three weeks. Semen was extended in egg yolk extender at various inclusion levels (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75 and 1.0%) of green tea extract. Testing was consummated for quality characteristics of post-thawed spermatozoa such as motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity. The data was statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance using SP...

Neelum Andaleeb, Munir Khan and Syed Attaullah Shah

... livestock farming in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A survey was conducted in district Mardan to determine women’s participation in livestock farming and to investigate factors affecting their participation. A multistage sampling method was used to select a sample of 274 livestock farm households from 6 rural Union Councils, and a well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from female respondents through face to face interviews. A composite index was c...
Muhammad Qadir Ahmad¹*, Farheen Ashraf Raza¹, Abdul Qayyum¹, Waqas Malik¹, Rao Wali Muhammad2, Muhammad Asif Saleem1, Amir Hamza2, Ahmad Baksh Mahar3
... angle position (LP), number of lobes per leaf (NL), leaf chlorophyll contents (SV), relative water content (RWC), leaf hairiness (HL), leaf color (LC) and yield related traits i.e. boll weight (BW), number of seeds per boll (NS), number of locules per boll (NLB), seed index (SI) and seed volume (SEV). Twenty cotton genotypes were grown using randomized complete block design with three rep...
Abdus-Subhan1, Qudratullah Khan1, Muhammad Mansoor2, Muhammad Jamil Khan1, Ammanullah2, Matiullah Khan3
...er, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwah Province, Pakistan, during rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-16. The experiment was laid in randomized complete block (RCB) design with split plot arrangement keeping pulverization viz. single tiller P1, double tiller P2, triple tiller P3 and mould board plow P4 followed by single rotavator in main plots while sowing methods i.e. Raised Bed Sowing S1and Flat Bed Sowi...

Waqas Ahmed Dogar2, Arshad Ali Khan3*, Saeed Ahmed2, Sudheer Tariq2, Mukhtar Ahmad2, Muhammad Imran2, Muhammad Noman2 and Nadeem Khan1 

...on and had more total number of flowers per plant (441.58) and fruit length (58.243 mm), but yield was less due to more fruit drop % (74.165). While, T3 (22 x 22ft) exhibited the poorest results. V2 (Musambi) showed best results for most parameters. Overall situation indicated that plants planted at 11 x 22ft (T1) showed better results as compared to plants planted at 11x11ft (T2) and 22 x 22ft (T3) of both species. Musambi showed best results as compared to K...
Ahmed Mujtaba1, Tariq Masud1, Asif Ahmad1, Waqar Ahmed3, Saqib Jabbar3* and Robert E. Levin2
...xt-align: justify;">A number of studies concluded the antibacterial activity of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) and its by-products. The aim of the study were to test the activity of chlorogenic acid isolated from apricot cv. Habi, against different food borne pathogens and quantification of the chlorogenic acid (CA) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The chlorogenic acid was isolated using resin. The recovered amount of compound was cal...
Ahmad Khan1, Raza Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Zameer Khan1, Fayyaz Hussain1,Muhammad Ehsan Akhtar2, Jalal-Ud-Din3
...d with respect to the number of bulbs per plot. The highest number of 28.3 bulbs/plot were obtained in CDHA given at 20 kg/ha, followed by 25.5 and 24.6 bulbs/plot in SFDHSs and MDHSs both applied at 30 kg/respectively. On overall, results from this study implies it is optimum and economical to apply CDHA at 20 kg/ha whereas SFDHSs and MDHSs at 30-40 kg/ha for study area and vegetable.
...
Mustafa Cengiz1*, Jama Hussein Ali2, H. Mehtap Kutlu2, Djanan Vejselova2 and Adnan Ayhanci3
...cant decreased in the number of activated Bcl-2, while increased in the number of Bax and caspase-3-positive hepatocytes, a significantly increase in levels of the activities of biochemistry markers (serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)). In contrast, in the groups given D-GaIN and EA, a decrease in the damage of the liver tissue, a significant decrease activated Bax a...

Neerja Agrawal, Mukesh Srivastava, Akhilesh Tripathi and Amrendra Singh

Survey and monitoring of pests, parasites and predators of pulse crops in central and eastern Uttar Pradesh
...nly H. armigera, leaf webber Grapholita (Cydia) critica, Myllocerus spp, spotted pod borer Maruca testulalis, plume moth Exelastis atomosa, tur pod bug Clavigralla gibbosa, jassid Amrsca bigutulta, termite Odontotermes spp, green bug Nezara viridula, tur podfly Melanogromyza obtusa, blue butterfly Lampides boeticus, cow bug Tricentrus bicolor and Pentatomorpha bug were recorded while on lentil crop, black aphid,Aphis craccivora was recorded as major pest and H...

Palash Mondal1 , Amitava Konar2 and N. Johnson Singh3

Evaluation of insecticidal schedules for the management of insect pests of potato
...yield of healty potato tuber was recorded in the plot treated with chlorpyriphos before planting and foliar spray of acephate, imadichloprid and chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin at 40, 55 and 70 DAP(T ).Yield of damaged tuber caused by soil pests was found maximum in control plot and it was recorded lowest in T treatment which received soil application of phorate 10G at 40 DAPand foliar spray with imadichloprid and chlorpyriphos...

S. K. Mukhopadhyay and M. V. Santha Kumar

Studies on the biosafety of botanical insecticides to native natural enemies of mulberry ecosystem
...ncorporated in IPM in mulberry ecosystem.

...

M.K. Pandit,P. K. Pal and B. K. Das

Effect of date of sowing on flowering and incidence and damage of melon fruit fly in snap melon Cucumis melo var.momordica genotypes
...r production and more number of fruits as well as lower fruit fly incidence. Three sowing dates viz. S =25 November, 2004, S =25 January 2005 and S =25 March, 2005 were selected to evaluate performance of eight genotypes, named as BCSM-1 to BCSM-8. The experimental design was factorial RBD with 3 replications. Observations on days to first male and female flowers, node number of first male...

M. D. Maji, N.K.Das, S. Chatterjee, A. Ghosh and A.K. Bajpai

Forecasting models of bacterial leaf spot disease of mulberry for Birbhum district of West Bengal
...or foliar diseases in mulberry at farmers field in Birbhum district.BLS incidence appeared in May and continued up to November. The correlation coefficient between disease severity and meteorological parameters revealed that BLS disease severity showed significant positive correlation with max & min temperatures, min relative humidity, rainfall and number of rainy days. Step down multi...

1N. Johnson Singh, 2Amitava Konar and 3Palash Mondal

Incidence of aphids in different traps on potato in Gangetic plains of West Bengal
...uring third week of December and the population of pests gradually increased to reach the peak in second week of February in the first year of study (2006-07) while in second year of study (2007-08) the aphid population appeared in second week of December and attained its peak by the end of February. The abiotic factors viz., temperature (maximum & minimum), relative humidity% (maximum & minimum) and bright sunshine ...

B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran

Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management
...ctive against a large number of soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi, suppressive effects on some root nematodes without adversely affecting beneficial microbes like Rhizobium and capable of promoting growth of certain crops. There are two major methods of inoculum production of Trichoderma spp. viz., solid state fermentation and liquid state fermentation. In solid fermentation, the fungus is grown on various cereal grains, agricultural wastes and byproducts. The...

1S. A. Khan and 2S. Jha

Effect of dates of sowing, moisture regimes, varieties and weather factors on incidences of aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) in rape and mustard
...phid varied from 19 November to 3 December, depending upon dates of sowing done during 1 October to 5 November, which fall under recommended dates of sowing. In crops sown during 22 October to 5 November, critical periods of aphid infestation (having greater than 30 aphids plant-1) p...

1Parvin Noor and 2Md. Nashir Uddin

Morphological changes of different castes of the subterranean termites (Odontotermes proformosanus) in fungus combs of termitophiles
...ths of March, May, September and October of 2006 to 2008 Average lengths and standard deviation (mean±SD) of the eggs were (0.66 ± 0.09), width (0.04 ± 0.07) mm and egg shape ratio is 0.53. Eggs were mostly of broad type. Distinct quiescent period was also observed. Morphological changes completed within 1st to 5th stages. In the 1st stage, total length ranged from 0.8-1.5 mm. Terminal form of workers an...

K.N. Ahmed and M.R. Hasan

Sudden outbreak of mealy bug and armoured scale causing severe damage to economic crops in Bangladesh
...d 70-75% RH during September, 2009. Male mealybug has a short life span of 3.0 ± 0.21 days. Females live for nearly 80.7 ± 10.43 days with an oviposition period of approximately 21 days. This mealybug is capable of active movement throughout its adult life. The stripped mealy bug, Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) was found to infest the leaves of different ornamental plants in Rajshahi and Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is a polyphagous pest damaging coffee, ...

Sitansu Pan and N. K. Mishra

Epidemiological studies on some diseases of guava (Psidium guajava L.)
...ture, total rainfall, number of rainy days and relative humidity on the development of diseases like canker (Pestalotia psidii), anthracnose and die back (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), stem canker and dry fruit rot (Botryodiplodia theobromae) and Phytophtora fruit rot (Phytophthora nicotianae var parasitica) of guava were analysed for predictive purpose from regression equations. The simple correlation coefficient matrix showed significantly positive correl...

Bijan Kumar Das

Incidence of Aleurocanthus spp. (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) on betelvine (Piper betle L.) and their interaction with host plants
...he plantation. A good number of hemipteran insect pests occur in betelvine ecosystem which dwindle betelvine yield potentiality. Among these, the polyphagous betelvine blackfly, Aleurocanthus rugosa Singh (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) is a major pest causing severe damage to the foliage in the conservatories (borojas) of West Bengal. The seasonal incidence of A. rugosa in boroja was recorded during 2003-2004. A. rugosa adults were active in the boroja throughout th...

Sitansu Pan and Someshwar Bhagat

Biological control of plant diseases
...ction. A considerable number of biocontrol agents have been established successfully for their bioconrol potential including strains belonging to bacterial genera such as Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces and Bacillus, and fungal genera such as Gliocladium, Trichoderma, Ampelomyces, Candida and Coniothyrium. Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens are the most important and widely used bioconrol agents being used across the world for the management of s...

Debjani Chowdhury, P. C. Paul and B. Dasgupta

Management of leaf spot of Centella asiatica (Thankuni) caused by Alternaria sp. and target leaf spot of Rauvolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha) caused by Corynespora cassicola
... and highest yield in number of leaves per sq.M was recorded where carbendazim was sprayed. The highest yield in fresh weight, dry weight of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of 1000 leaves was recorded. Application of mancozeb resulted in the lowest PDI of target spot of Sarpagandha, increased the yield (both fresh weight and dry weight of the plant per sq.M) and increased the fresh weight and dry weight of plants.

...

Amitava Konar, Palash Mondal and N. Johnson Singh

Occurrence of potato pests in different dates of planting in Gangetic plains of West Bengal, India
...ng from 3rd week of November with one week interval upto 3rd week of December with a spacing of 60×20 cm. The trial was laid in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications. The recommended practices for raising the crop in the field was maintained except the application of insecticides. It was observed that the crops of first planting (at 3rd week of November) harboured less...

D. Sharmah, K.C. Deka and A.K. Phukan

Field evaluation of efficacy of some botanical dust against rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorius Fabr.)
...per cent reduction in number of rice bug adults due to neem seed kernel powder, neem seed kernel powder + multani powder, multani powder, neem leaf powder, neem leaf powder + multani powder, neem leaf powder + ash, soap nut kernel powder, soap nut kernel powder + multani powder tested as dust were found to be 24.44, 14.78, 5.65, 17.06, 11.88, 6.54, 18.18 and 15.01 respectively for exposure period of ten days. The order of efficacy of the botanicals and their f...

P. Barma and S. Jha

Biology, seasonal activity of fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coq.) on pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) and weather relations
...to 32 days in August-October, respectively. Correlation with individual weather factors revealed that each of maximum and minimum temperature had significant positive correlation (r = +0.386 and +0.501, respectively) on the population build up of the pest. The relative humidity % of morning hours had significantly negative correlation (r = -0.451) and that of evening slightly positive (r = +0.284). Rainfall had insignificantly positive (r = +0.195), soil tempe...

Nilesh Suresh Gole and Bijan Kumar Das

Biology of Dichromia sagitta (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), a serious pest of Indian ipecac, Tylophora indica
...ica during June and December. Eggs were laid singly or in batch of 2-3 on younger leaves (mostly on under surface) or on young shoot tips. Life cycle was completed in 41-46 days during January- February and 26-32 days during June-July. There were several overlapping generations in a year. Descriptions of different life stages have been made. Adaptive behaviour of D. sagitta and its interaction with toxic host plant have been discussed critically.

<...

Sitansu Pan and Amrita Das

Control of cowpea (Vigna sinensis) root and collar rot (Rhizoctonia solani) with some organic formulations of Trichoderma harzianum under field condition
... plants, basal girth, number of branches & pod number, pod vigour of the bio primed seeds over other treatment combinations. Soil application of Trichoderma in vermicompost +20% neem cakes gave better disease control over the others.

...

SK Fashi Alam, Atanu Seni and Ajoy K Sahoo

Biology of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera) on sprouted potato and brinjal plant
...nt and sprouted potato tubers in the laboratory. The female nymphs moulted three times for becoming adults while the male took four moultings. The female and male nymphs completed development in 14.45± 0.96 days and 19.53±1 days, respectively on brinjal plant at 20-36.2° C temperature and 15.1±1 days and 18±0.82 days respectively on sprouted potato. The ratio of the male: female were 1:1.75 and 1:1.87. The duration from nymphs t...

Amitava Konar, Kiran A. More and Pradip Mondal

Efficacy of some insecticides against cutworm and molecricket of potato in West Bengal
...cket. Yield of healthy tubers was recorded maximum (31.66 t ha -1) in T5 treatment succeeds by T6 than other treatments as well as control.


...

S.K. Sahoo

Incidence and management of mustard aphid (Lipaphis ery-simi Kaltenbach) in West Bengal

Biswajit Pramanick, Sruti Karmakar, Koushik Brahmachari, Rupayan Deb 

An integration of weed management practices in potato un-der New Alluvial soil
...ealed that the maximum tuber yield and return per rupee invested vis-à-vis the maximum N, P, K uptake by potato and the minimum uptake of N, P and K by weeds emerged in the potato field were recorded under the treatment T3 (hand weeding at 20 DAP along with mulching) which was closely followed by the treatment T9 (Pendimethalin @1kg a.i. ha-1 along with mulching). So, the findings of the experiment provide us with a great opportunity of using herbicides...

A.A. Oyerinde, P.Z. Chuwang, P.Z. and G.T. Oyerinde

Evaluation of the effects of climate change on increased in-cidence of cowpea pests in Nigeria
...ed an increase in the number of taxa encountered on the cowpea field from 21 to 31 orders of insect in the 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons, respectively. Also, no significant difference was established in the forms of destructions recorded at the various growth stages of the cowpea plant in the two seasons. Therefore the advent of increased fauna on cowpea established in this study portrayed a need to find possible ways to reduce the emission of Greenhouse gase...

A. Sajeena and T. Marimuthu

Efficacy, stability and persistence of Ganosol, a Ganoderma based fungicide against plant pathogens
...ous spray reduced the number of lesions produced by Groundnut Bud Necrosis virus in cowpea by 88.39% when compared to the inoculated control, suggesting the antiviral potential of the formulation. 

...

Abhijit Ghosal and M. L. Chatterjee

Bioefficacy of imidacloprid 17.8 SL against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in brinjal
...ents, received lowest number of whitefly population (1.55/plant) and offered maximum reduction of whiteflies (83.15%) as well as highest marketable fruit yield (146.50 q/ha). However, imidacloprid at lower doses showed nearly similar results. The other neonicotinoid, thiamethoxam also provided similar levels of protection as that of imidacloprid. The conventional insecticide, methyl demeton (125 g a.i./ha) was less effective.

...

Dharmishthabahen R. Shah and Abhishek Shukla

Reaction of gerbera cultivars to spider mite, Tetranychus urti-cae Koch (Tetranychidae: Acari) under polyhouse conditions
...align: justify;">Five gerbera cultivars were screened for their reaction against spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch under the polyhouse conditions. Results showed that the gerbera cultivar Cherany was highly tolerant with lowest mite popu-lation (1.62mites/plant) whereas Venezia and Fana were tolerant to spider mite with 7.72 and 9.67 mites per plant, respectively. The gerbera cultivar ...

Dinesh Kachhawa and Sahidur Rahman

Factors influencing incidence of red spider mite of tea, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) in Assam
...il to May-June and September-October (2011). The minimum number of mites was recorded from July- August and November (2011) to February (2012). The data taken from 1st week of April, 2011 to last week of March 2012. In case of eggs population, there was a gradual increasing trend in egg number to reach the peak populat...

Anjan Bhattacharyya, Suhrid Ranjan Barik & Pritam Ganguly

New pesticide molecules, formulation technology and uses: Present status and future challenges
...ted suspension, hollow fibers, monolithic matrix, laminated structures etc can avoid these problems. The prime motto for these developments is to give protection to the crops along with safety to the natural enemies of different pests as a whole safety to environment.
 

 

...

Goutam Samui and S. Jha

Biology, seasonal incidence and management of Apsylla cistellata Bucton. on mango in West Bengal
...from first week of September. Nymphal period lasted from mid of August to end of February. Adult emergence occurred from fourth week of February and continued up to third week of March. Nymphs initially fed from midrib of leaf and then entered into the gall which they formed on the emerging vegetative buds resulting in total failure of such buds to put forth inflorescence properly. Repeated spraying without proper knowledge on the life cycle did not give good ...

Amitava Konar and N. Johnson Singh

Occurrence of aphids on various potato germplasms in eastern gangetic plains of West Bengal
...st aphids. Potato seed tuber was planted by end of November following all standard agronomic practices except insecticide application. The aphid species viz. Myzus persicae (Sulzur) and Aphis gossypi Glover were recorded first during third week of December and crossed the threshold limit (20 aphids/100 compound leaves) during first to second week of January in Kufri Chandramukhi whereas in...

Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta

Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
...ce-Potato-Pumpkin1, Cucumber-Cabbage-Basella alba, and Groundnut–Brinjal+Brinjal sequences were suitable for resource-rich growers, whereas Okra-Chilli+Chilli2 , and Black gram–Parwal+Parwal sequences were suitable for resource-poor growers. Overall, Groundnut–Brinjal+Brinjal, Okra-Chilli+Chilli, Cucumber-Cabbage-Basella alba cropping sequences, over three years in a row, were the best. When information on ...

Partha Pratim Ghosh and 2N. C. Mandal 

Some disease management practices for bacterial wilt of potato
...led that T1 (TPS whole tuber planting) and T4 (supervised management - cowdung @ 40 ha-1 at land preparation + seed piece tuber treatment with carbendazim 2.5 gL-1 and Streptocycline @ 1 gL-1 + stable bleaching powder drenching with out removal of affected plant at 40 Days After Planting (DAP) @ 10 gL-1, along with protective banding with well decomposed cowdung + oilcake + Single Super Phosphate + Muriate of Potash mixture ...

T. P. Ghosh, D. Mandal, S. Laha and M. K. Dasgupta 

Dynamics and severity model in managing fungal diseases
...lternata on Polyanthes tuberosa; Alternaria alternata and Septoria chrysanthemella on Chrysanthemum indicum; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria sp. on Dracaena deremensis; Alternaria sp. and Cercospora hibisci-manihotis on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Calathea ornata; Alternaria sp. on Ficus religiosa; Cercospora jasminicola on Jasminum sambac; Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Diplocarpon rosae on Rosa multiflora. On the oth...

K. K. Hegde and B. S. Nandihalli 

Bioefficacy of some indigenous products in the management of okra fruit borers
...f GCKE recorded least number of eggs (1.40 eggs/plant) followed by NSKE (5%) alternated with cow dung 10 per cent (1.71 eggs/plant). Repeated sprays of cow dung and cow urine used individually were not effective against the borers and recorded higher fruit damage of 55.70 and 52.10 per cent, respectively. GCKE was significantly superior in reducing the fruit borer damage to the tune of 64.83 per cent with higher fruit yield of 35.87 q.ha-1. The highest increme...

Sujoy Mondal and S. S. Ghatak

Bioefficacy of some indigenous plant extracts against epilachna beetle (Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata Fabr.) infesting cucumber
...a’ variety of cucumber in a replicated Randomized Block Design at Viswavidyalaya Instructional Farm during 2004–05 to find out the impact of plant derived pesticides viz; Neem Azal, Rhizome extracts of Acorus calamus with petroleum ether as solvent and seed extracts of Annona squamosa with methanol as solvent in controlling epilachna beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, Fabr; Both Neem Azal and seed extracts of Annona squamosa were used at 4...

V. S. Desai, S. D. Desai, A. J. Mayekar and V.G. More 

Infestation of coconut eriophyid mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer in Konkan region of Maharashtra
...is pest in April and October of 2004 and March 2005. The survey indicated that the infestation was higher in Thane district followed by Sindhudurg district.
 

 

...

S. Pal and I. Sarkar

Pests infesting ornamental plants in hilly region of West Bengal
...carnation, anthurium, gerbera, china rose, chrysanthemum, Bird of Paradise, Straw flower. A number of aphid species were found infesting different ornamental plants viz. Myzus persicae on Carnation, gerbera and Anthurium; Macrosiphoniella sanborni on Chrysanthemum; Aphis gossypii on China rose. Other sucking pests infesting ornamentals included Bemisia tabaci on Ger
Muhammad Mansoor, Zaigham Abbas and Nageen Husssain*
...lated disorders and a number of autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that gluten containing diet would further exacerbate an already undergoing arbitrary immune reaction in SLE patients. Pristane was injected in female BALB/c mice to induce the disease. After five months, mice in various groups were treated with prednisone and fed with gluten containing and standard diet for four weeks and applied procedure to detect minor changes in paw swelling, ANA autoanti...
Bushra Niaz1,*, Tahir Zahoor1, Muhammad Atif Randhawa1 and Amer Jamil2
...dulatory as well as a number of other biological functions. Its potential can be exploited in several food applications. Keeping in view the increased demand of natural antimicrobial agents to control prevalence of food borne pathogens in final packaged food products as well as for food preservation/ biocontrol, this study was designed to isolate lactoferrin from milk of camel. Cation exchange resin (CM-Sephadex C-25) was used for the isolation of lactoferrin ...
Sadia Munir1a, Asif Nadeem1a*, Maryam Javed1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Wasim Shehzad1, Rajput Zahid Iqbal3 and Sidra Manzoor1 
...n Factor 1 (Pit1)is a member of the tissue-specific POU homeobox transcription factor family that is found in all mammals. Pit1 encodes a pituitary-specific transcription factor, which is involved in pituitary development and regulating the hormone expression in animals. In current study, Pit1 gene was screened for polymorphic sites in Sahiwal cattle. Samples from Sahiwal cattle breeds were sequenced using six set of primers. A total 15 polymorphi...
Ayesha Zahid,Ammara Muazzam, Sidra Mustafa, Saba Irshad*,Malik Siddique Mahmood and Rehman Shahzad

 

...nappropriate growth of fiber cells. In the present study, a novel G to C substitution (1104G>C) (pE368Q) was screened by PCR-SSCP in exon 2 of GJA8 and this tansversion altered exceedingly conserved glutamic acid to glutamine at site which was involved in coding of ASF1 like histone chaperone. Further presumption based on structural and functional analysis of mutated protein was anticipated by bioinformatics tools, which manifest mild changes in overall cha...
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Maryam Soyuf Jahromi2
...m) during March to September, 2014. Their genders were obtained by dissection. The aim of this study was to determine the sexual ratio in their population and to see if they effect the operational sex ratio (OSR). The number of males and females were 71 and 126, respectively. Twenty samples by the total wet weights less than 12 g were non-sexual. The wet weight of the gonads was ~8.25% of the mean total wet body weights. The...
Jia-xiang Wang1,2,* and Peng Li1,2
... islets. The greatest number of ghrelin-ip cells was found in the islets, and the cell density decreased gradually from the pancreatic islets to the extrainsular regions. The distribution of ghrelin-ip cells was observed mostly atthe periphery of the islet, a few ghrelin-ip cells were found in the central portion of the pancreatic islets. The ghrelin-ip cells were fusiform or irregular polygons, and their cytoplasm was stained intensely. These results demonstr...
P.P. Ghosh*, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato and M.K. Bhattacharjya
...ated during May to September under the rainfed unbunded uplands of Purulia, West Bengal and the produces are stored by farmers under homestead condition for the purpose of consumption and seed for the next year sowing. Callosobruchus sp.(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is the major stored grain pest of blackgram under homestead condition resulting 15 – 30% grain damage during storage. An attempt was made to identify a practical and low cost solution of...
Mohammed M. Ibrahim1,2*, Y.S. Chandel1 and Anil3
...length × width, number of hamuli, coxa length, trochanter length, femur length, tibia length and metatarsus length × width were found to be 3.19±0.10 × 3.68±0.09 mm, 6.29±0.06 mm, 4.26±0.20 mm, 5.91±0.93 mm, 9.13±0.18 × 3.00±0.08 mm, 2.20±0.36, 6.38±0.14 × 1.80±0.05 mm, 20.88±1.32, 1.10±0.09 mm, 0.79±0.10 mm, 2.45±0.10 mm, 2.91±...

Gadeeyya G and Ratna Kumar P.K.

...ria lunata, Curvularia tuberculata, Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium sp. and Gibbago trianthemae were isolated by inoculation of parasitized weed propagules like infected leaves, stems, root and floral parts on different fungal growth media. The diagnostic characteristic features of each isolate were critically studied using relevant literature. The pathogenicity of the isolates was examined to select biocontrol agent against host weed. 
Süleyman Kök*
...ble along with Hardy-Weinberg theory. In addition, significance check was done for the expected heterozygosity results for the two TGC groups (BLRE ex-situ and the smallholders in the villages). For the Fis value, the difference was significant for CAPN1 316 loci (P<0.001) and CAST loci (P<0.05) and non-balanced but the CAPN1 4751 loci (P>0.05) which did not display a significant difference. The Fis inbreeding coefficients...
Baohua Chen1,2, Wenzhu Peng3, Jian Xu2, Jingyan Feng1,2, Chuanju Dong1,2 and Peng Xu2,3,*
...ncluding 8 classes of members in common carp genome. Both sequences alignment and phylogenetic analysis exhibited that genes derived from the same GST class from different species share more similarity than genes of different classes in the same species. Copy number of GSTs examining showed that five classes of GST genes in common carp have undergone the gene duplications, including MGST1, GSTK, GSTM, GSTA and GSTT. Comparat...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Sultan Ayaz2, Sajid Umar4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Muhammad Shafee6, Ikramullah Khan7, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Azmat Ullah Khan8Naimat Ullah Malik1 and Abdul Razzaq9
...in three districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), i.e. Bannu, Lakki Marwat and Kohat. For this purpose 360 stool samples were collected from the District Headquarter Hospitals of all the three districts and were screened through microscopy. Results yielded an overall prevalence of 11.11%, with significant difference (P<0.05) among different study areas. Prevalence was highest in district Bannu (11.66%), followed by district Lakki Marwat and Kohat with ...
Wenqiao Hui1, Jishun Tang1, Dejian Zhu1, Qian Ban2* and Sheng Chen1*
..."text-align: justify;">Puberty is the process of physical maturation of an animal with the capability of sexual reproduction. In domestic animals, age at attainment of puberty is an event that contributes significantly to lifetime reproductive efficiency. Anhui white goat is a native Chinese breed, with the characters of early time puberty onset and high fecundity. However, the molecular m...

Table of Contents for Pakistan Journal of Zoology, Volume 49, Number 3, June 2017

Ahmad Ali1,*, Sheikh Muhammad Azam2, Khalid Javed Iqbal1, Ghulam Mustafa1 and Mujahid Kaleem3
... from June, 2003 to December, 2011 (nine years) were collected from zoo management. In two years study Tiger breed once and produce four cubs (female) while in nine years it breed three times; first three cubs (one male and two female), two and one cubs were produced in 2003, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Six days estrous cycle and 107 days gestation period was observed in tigress. Mortality of one cub of 32 days in August, 2013 and second cub in Jannaury, 2014...
Muhammad Ayaz1,*, Muhammad Athar Abbas2, Pervez3, Noorulain3, Yasir Amin1, Zubair Ali3, Naila Siddique2 and Khalid Naeem2
...s in Hazara region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan was carried out from April 2013 through September 2014. Pooled morbid material and fecal samples from 600 different locations across the region were analyzed for isolation. Isolation was carried out on embryonated chicken eggs. Identification of H protein was undertaken through hem agglutination Inhibition (HI) test while N typing was done using reverse transcriptase polymera...
Yun Wang1,*, Lei Guan1, Jiding Chen1, Yaping Kong1, Lang Si2 and Asif Shah3
... of May, August and December in 2014 and 2015, we recorded the occurrence frequency, number of ungulates, and the perpendicular distance between QTH and QTR. To improve the protection mechanism for the four large ungulates viz., Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii, Tibetan gazelle Procapra picticaudata, Kiang Equus kiang) and Wild Yak Bos grunniens; we suggest that the distance between th...
Nasar Khan1,2, Fahad Ali3,7, Sulaiman Bahadar5,*, Khalil ur Rahman3, Abdul Aziz3, Noor ul Akbar4, Muhammad Daud6, Azam Hayat5 and Mujaddad ur Rehman5
...ients during July to October, 2013 were screened for HBV by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Out of 659, 522 (79.21%) were found positive for HBV, of which 318 (over all 4.4%) were male, while 341 (over all 3.55%) were female. The HBV PCR positivity rate was 80.18% (n=255) in males and 78.30% (n=267) in females patients. Among different age groups HBV PCR positivity was highest (n=181, 83.41%) in the age group of 31 to 40 years. HBV genome was detected in ...
Sidra Manzoor1,Asif Nadeem1,*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Wasim Shehzad1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Muhammad Imran1, Tanveer Hussain2, Abdul Wajid1 and Maryam Javed1
...etic effect, sampling number or a breed difference. To know the functional consequences of the identified polymorphism, RNA secondary structure analysis was performed and SNP was found changing the termination loop shape in mRNA. However, to increase the selection efficacy of dairy animals, the effects of candidate polymorphism should further be screened in different environments and genetic backgrounds.
...
Azhar Abbas Khan1,*, Arif Muhammad Khan2 and Muhammad Afzal3
... a host. An increased numbers of C. septempunctata was observed when host plants were added with aphids. But was no significant difference in most of the combinations except wheat with aphids (3.8889±0.4554). The fresh leaves of rose, citrus, brassica and wheat (1.2±0.2006, 1.3556±0.1416, 1.5778±0.1829, 2.1444±0.2027, respectively) attracted significantly more numbers of C. septem...

Shahid Iqbal Khattak1*, Mohammad Safdar Baloch1, Khalid Naveed2 and Ejaz Ahmad Khan1

...Institute, D.I. Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan” during wheat crop season of 2013-14. The major aims of the study were to test the effect and economics of soil vs. foliar applied nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen use efficiency on wheat variety Hashim-08. The experimental trial was conducted following RCB design with three replications. Fertilizer applications (foliar and soil) were assigned to main plots, while nitrogen levels 0, 24, 36, 48, 60 a...

Umer Wahid1, Shahid Ali2* and Nihal Ahmad Hadi3

... Malakand district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample of 120 tomato growers was selected employing multistage sampling technique. An interview schedule was used for data collection during November-January, 2016. Maximum likelihood technique was used for the estimation of the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production model. After running various econometrics software the output of the Frontier 4.1 was found good fit....

Naveed Muhammad, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Ibrahim and Salman Khan

...seed quantity, labor, number of irrigation, chemicals spray and fertilizers have positive significant effects on tomato yield. Allocative efficiency analysis reveals that machinery, seed quantity, number of irrigation, fertilizers and chemicals are underutilized, while labor and FYM are over utilized for tomato production in the study area. The study recommends training for growers and field labors, provision of short-term f...
Muhammad Mansoor1, Amanullah1, Zafar Islam2*,Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Umair4, Mehmood Ayaz5, Asghar Ali Khan6, Muhammad Asif2 and Ya Sakina3
..., Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa. Again in NUYT-2008, Inqalab Mung outclassed among 13 candidate lines across 13 locations. It gave the highest grain yield of 1560 kg ha-1 at NIAB, Faisalabad. Provincial Seed Council (PSC), Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa, approved Dera Mung-3 as “Inqalab Mung” for general cultivation in KPK. Inqalab Mung has 28-36% high grain yield potential compared to the standard ...
Oaj Khurshid1*, Naureen Aurangzeb1, Ayaz Khan1, Alia Naz1, Abdullah khan1, Sobia Nisa2 and Sehrish Sajawal3
Ayesha Ilyas1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,* and Abdul Qadir1,*
...vas resulting in less number of pupae developed. The results suggested that the extracts of plants tested in the present study could be considered in the management plans for the peach fruit fly.
...
Madiha Hashmi1, Abid Hussain1, Shafiq ur Rehman1, Farida Ahmed2, Shahbaz Aslam3,Nadeem Afzal4 and Zaigham Abbas1,*
...arm of the chromosome number 6 and position 21 and the allele frequency is associated with allergy. The study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the aero-allergens and the frequency of HLA-DRB1*11 and HLA-DRB1*12 allele in aeroallergen sensitized individuals. Blood samples of aeroallergen sensitized individuals were collected at the Allergy Centre, NIH, Islamabad. Then samples were analysed at the Department of Microbiology and...
Aneela Qureshi1, Ammara Ainee1*, Muhammad Nadeem1, Masooma Munir1,2*, Tahir Mahmood Qureshi1, Saqib Jabbar2
... powder. The effect of fiber source on physicochemical, sensory attributes and microbiological properties of fruit cakes were examined during 30 days of storage. Results showed that with varying fiber content water activity, texture, color, moisture, fat, protein, ash, NFE and fiber content changed significantly (p<0.05). Gross energy level in cake which is desirable by consumers was re...
Sogolo L. Lebelo1,* and Gerhard van der Horst2
...nclusions and collagen fibers are also found in the cytoplasm of these cells. These cells are found associated with the spermatogonia type B, pachytene spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. The results from this study show that there are basic similarities in the Leydig cells of the vervet compared to other mammals, humans and nonhuman primates, however, there also seem to be species differences among the mammalian group. The association of these cells with develop...
Noor Islam1, Muhammad Amjad2, Ehsan ul Haq3, Elizabeth Stephen1 and Falak Naz4
... on worker brood, number of dead/fallen mites per hive/weekon white formica sheet, percent mite mortality and honey yield per colony was determined before and after the treatments in the experimental colonies. The results revealed that formic acid and the highest concentrations (100%) of tested essential oils caused effective control of Tropilaelaps mites, whereas the infestation reduction percentage with formic acid, lemongrass, thyme, lemon, basil...
Mazher Abbas1, Irfan Mahmood1*, Arshed Bashir1, Tahir Mehmood2, Khalid Mahmood1 and Zubair Ikram1
...option of recommended number of irrigation and hoeing practices whereas age has significant negative impact on the adoption of hoeing practice and fertilizer applications. Positive and significant impact of family income is influencing the adoption of every recommended practice. The present paper concluded that various human resource factors like age, education and experience of the citrus growers and yield mound/acre of citrus had relative significant impact ...
Koksal Karadas1* and Ibrahim Hakki Kadırhanogullari2
...education level (EL), number of full beehives (NFB), bee race (BR), the time spent in plateau (TSP), feed of autumn and spring (FAS), working period in apiculture during year (WPA), frequency of changing queen (FCQ), and controlling beehives in summer (CFB), respectively. Minimum beekeeping farm numbers for parent and child nodes were arranged as 8:4 in CART, CHAID and Exhaustive CHAID for attaining the best predictive perfo...

Aftab Wajid1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Awais2, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman3*, M. Aown Sammar Raza2, Usman Bashir2, Muhammad Naveed Arshad1, Sana Ullah4, Muhammad Irfan5 and Umair Gull1
 

...kg ha-1 achieved more number of bolls per plant (31.00), average weight per boll (3.48 g) and ultimately lead to higher seed cotton yield (2.42 t ha-1) as compared to other N rates (50, 100, 150 kg ha-1). Significant differences were also observed in cultivars, CIM-496 produced higher seed cotton yield than other under arid climate of Multan in Cotton-Wheat Cropping system. Empirical model was developed on the basis of field observations to compute the seed co...
A. Hamid1,*, M. Ilyas2 and S. Kalsoom3
...ient intake of dietary fiber.A study was conducted to evaluate the role of dietary fiber and ß-glucan from major food grains used locally on plasma cholesterol level of dietary-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Insoluble dietary fiber (lignin and cellulose) was extracted from wheat and maize, while ß glucan was extracted from barley and sorghum. Male rats (n = 32), weighing 20...

Attaullah Khan1, Muhammad Shafi1*, Jehan Bakht2 and Shazma Anwar1

... area (32.10cm2) less number of days to emergence (7.54) from control. All growth parameters were significantly improved by seed priming with CaCl2 except shoot length (cm). It is concluded that salinity stresses has adversely affected growth traits of wheat varieties however, seed priming with CaCl2 has alleviated the adverse effects of salinity in wheat varieties. 

...

Sania Shaheen1*, Hina Fatima2 and Muhammad Azeem Khan3

...rop, NPK ratio, Seed, number of irrigation hour, weedicides, insecticides and pesticide variable would significantly contributes to improve the rice production. On average technical efficiency of sample rice farmers is 86 percent, which indicates that rice farmers in selected areas can increase the production of rice 14 percent only by managing efficiency level, without increasing input quantities. Hence, it is possible for rice farmers to increase rice output...

Wali Khan1, Naushad Khan2 and Shaista Naz2*

...n average of 2 family members per household were engaged in the beekeeping activity. It also provided multiple sources of employment mainly in honey transportation and marketing, thus beekeeping not only served as an income generating activity but also an employment generating activity in present and in future. The major constraints in beekeeping were the expensive inputs, pest attack, lack of modern production and rearing techniques, and trainings which can b...
Netti Aryani1, Azrita2, Ainul Mardiah3 and Hafrijal Syandri2*
... crude lipid, 6% crude fiber, 12% ash, and 12% moisture as a percentage of fish body weight, with three replicates per treatment. Fish were fed three times per day at 09:00, 14:00, and 18:00. The experiment was carried out for 120 days. Each month, 30 fish were removed from each of the floating net cages to be measured and weighed. The biomass of fish was calculated, and the amount of feed was adjusted. The feeding rate significantly (p< 0.05) influenced th...
Mehran Kausar1,2, Naveed Ashraf3, Farzana Hayat4, Asraf Hussain Hashmi1, Saima Siddiqi1,* and Mariam Anees2
... CTSK for five members of the family to find out the causative mutation. All coding exons of CTSK gene were amplified and sequenced in the affected and unaffected individuals of a consanguineous Pakistani family consisting of five members, three affected brothers, one unaffected sister and the unaffected mother. We identified a known missense mutation c.136 C>T in the third exon of CTSK changing argin...

Muhammad Ibrahim1,2*, Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah1, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharaf Ahmad2 and Farhatullah3

 

... zones located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province. Yellow rust occurrence was distributed over an area of 463 acres in all three wheat production zones. Maximum yellow rust impact values (estimated by Field Impact Factor (FIF) of 121, 201 and 328 were recorded in Bannu (Southeren Zone), Nowshara (Central Zone) and Mansehra (Northeren Zone), respectively. Fields with yellow rust incidence of 26% or higher than 26% were found maximum in the northeren zone ...
Usman Waheed1,*, Humayoon Shafique Satti2, Muhammad Arshad3, Ahmed Farooq3, Abdul Rauf4 and Hasan Abbas Zaheer1,5
...ring a period from September 2015 to February 2016, community-based sampling was done from 134 Hijra sex workers (HSW), 101 female sex workers (FSW), 104 jail prisoners and 48 intravenous drug users (IDUs) through community outreach, peer referring and field sampling. Blood samples were tested for syphilis and HIV infections after pre-test counseling and receiving informed written consent. Initial testing was performed by rapid devices approved by World Health...

Kamran A. Awan1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal3

...rop in the providence Khyber Pakhtunkhuwa (KP). The study, therefore, aims to plant wheat in season from early to late i.e. November 15 to December 25 with about 10 days intervals. Field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar in winter season 2015-16. Experiment was in a randomized complete block design, in split plots having three replic...
Naila Chand1,*, Shabana Naz2, Hamza Maris1, Rifat Ullhah Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi1
....05) lower heterophil number and significantly (P<0.05) higher lymphocytes number than the control group. The heterophil/lymphocytes ratio and antibody titer was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the treated groups. Based on these results, it is concluded that supplementation of diets with betaine improved broiler feed intake, weight gain, FCR and increased immunity were under heat stress condition.
...
Muhammad Abdullah1,*, Rashid A. khan2, Muhammad Rafay3, Tanveer Hussain3, Tahira Ruby4,Fariha Rehman5, Sangam Khalil3 and Sohail Akhtar6
...ith no other ardeidae members nesting in the neighborhood. They prefer sites for nest building, which have regular accessibility of water, and usual human activities are common nearby. The breeding period was discerned to be start from April to August and Acacia nilotica was observed as most preferred tree for nesting followed by Syzygium cuminii. At three selected sites, 30 nests from each were marked and regularly monitored to get data on nesti...

Muhammad Amin1*, Khalid Mahmood2, Imran Bodlah3, Muhammad Rahim Khan2 

...us) thomasi Hille Ris Lambers, Chaetosiphon (Pentarichopus) tetrarhodum (Walker), Metopolophium montanum Hille Ris Lambers, Myzaphis rosarum (Kaltenbach) and Myzaphis turanica Nevsky are new records for the country. New locality records are presented, in the country, for Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus) Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), Rhodobium porosum (Sanderson), Myzaphus bucktoni Jacob and Wahlgreneilla nervata (Gillete) on ...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*, Shah Saud Ahmad and Asif Nawaz 

...y;">The government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the year 1999, started a new strategy of Farm Services Center for the empowerment of farmers that aimed to provide agricultural inputs like seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, machinery along with advisory services in order to increase per acre yield. This study was conducted in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in the year 2016. The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Farm Se...

Sadia*, Abdur Rab, Sayyed Hamad Ahmad Shah, Irfan Ullah, Farida Bibi and Islam Zeb

..., July, August and September) and factor B was GA3 application (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm). Results demonstrated that minimum fruit drop (5.95%), fruit density (0.80gcm-3) with maximum number of new shoots (55.7), number of new flowers (225.3), fruit weight (197.5g), and fruit volume (245.5cm3) were recorded in plants deblossomed in September treated ...
Saleem Khan1, Amir Hamza2, Farhadullah Khan3, M. Subhan4, Aziz Khan1, Irfan Ali Shah1, Shakirullah Khan Shakir3*
...ts like Plant height, Number of branches plant-1, number of bolls plant-1, Fiber Fineness and yield of seed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences for radiation treatments, genotypes and interaction for treatments × genotypes regarding plant height, number of branches plant-1, num
Wanchao Zhu1, Qinguo Wei1, Shuyu Xue1, Huanxin Zhang2, Tianshu Lv1 and Honghai Zhang1,
...pecies.
...
Gülnur Metin* and İlker Aydin
...l fishermen between November 2008 and January 2011. The total length and weight of the females or males were measured as 7.3–17.5 cm and 2.6-38.9 g or 7.8–15.4 cm and 2.6-41.6 g, respectively. The samples were composed of 56.6% females and 46.6% males, with a female to male ratio of 1:0.77. The spawning period was determined from May to October. The total lengths at first maturity of females and males were 10.64 ...
Zuhao Huang*, Meifang Li, Rujue Ruan and Jiawei Qin
...ogenetic tree grouped members of every genus were grouped into each clade, except the genus Gorsachius. Our results indicated that the genus Gorsachius might not be monophyletic.
...
Javeria1, Masroor Ellahi Babar1,2,*, Akhtar Ali2, Asif Nadeem1, Abdul Wajid1, Sajjad Ali Shah3, Sadaf Rashid4, Muhammad Wasim1 and Muhammad Abdullah1
...deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with p-value 0.879 and 0.32, respectively. There was no significant difference in age (p-value 0.081), employment status (p-value 0.34) and matrimonial status (p-value 0.28) but there was a significant difference in their education (p-value 0.0002). The prevalence of C allele was 13.5% in disease, 5.83% in controls and found significant with p-value 0.007. These findings sugges...

Syed Tanveer Shah* and Muhammad Sajid 

...es. Peach fruit trees at berry stage were sprayed with three sources of calcium (calcium chloride, calcium nitrate and calcium sulphate) at three calcium concentrations (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) stored for 30 days at 10 days interval. The experimental results showed that calcium sources, concentration and storage duration significantly affected all the studied attributes. More fruit firmness (5.57 and 5.69 kg cm2), less Total soluble solids [TSS] (8.57 and 8.26 &de...

Abdur Rab1*, Muhammad Sajid1, Naveed Ahmad1, Khalid Nawab2, Syed Ghias Ali3

Mian Ahmad Raza*, Ghulam Hassan and Naqib Ullah Khan 

...; BST had the highest number of grains spike-1 (58.9). The results of inheritance studies discovered that both additive and dominance type of inheritance mechanism was involved in the expression for maturity trait, plant stature, spike length, spikelet spike-1 and grains spike-1. Negative intercept of regression line indicated the major role of over-dominance in the inheritance of plant height, spikelets spike-1while for grains spike-1 the positive intercept o...
Muhammad Hannan Ahmed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Abu Bakar M. Raza1, M. Afzal1, A. Khaliq1, Yasir Iftikhar2 and Hafiz Muhammad Aatif3
...T-703 had the highest number of thrips density while Bt variety FH-113 had the lowest thrips population per leaf. Similarly, in relation to thermal effect, high thrips population was recorded at 29-35oC but population declined at 40°Ċ. Findings are helpful for appropriate management of sucking complex in case of cotton crop.
...
Ambreen Butt1, Uzma Malik2, Khadija Waheed3, Amna Khanum3, Samar Firdous4, Sara Ejaz5 and Fawad Randhawa2, Tania Shakoori6*
...tan from January to December 2016. Cobalamin levels were measured in women diagnosed with GDM (n=59) and controls (n=41). GDM was diagnosed when fasting blood sugar levels were 95 mg/dL or above. The levels were compared using Mann Whitney U test. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the association of cobalamin with fasting blood sugar level after adjusting for gestational age and gravidity. ROC curve analysis was conducted to assess the suitabi...
Shahid Hussain Farooqi1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Oneeb2, Amjad Khan3, Amjad Islam Aqib1 and Shakeel Mahmood4
...nct temporal zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Twelve hundreds ticks were collected from four hundreds animals comprising of two hundred and fifty cattle and one hundred and fifty buffaloes. Descriptive statistics with Pearson’s Chi-square test and regression model were applied to analyze the data. The results of study found Rhepicephalus the most prevalent genus followed by Heamaphysalis, Hyalomma, Dermacenter and Amblyo...
Aqsa Qayyum1*, Masooma Munir1, Saeeda Raza1, Mussarat Gillani1, Saima Kanwal1, Nouman Rashid1, Amer Mumtaz1, Naeem Safdar1, Zarmina Gillani2
...tively while ash, fat, fiber, protein, iron, zinc, magnesium and manganese contents increased significantly (p < 0.01). There was a non-significant (p > 0.05) effect on the color, flavor, taste and texture of biscuits. So, it is concluded that replacement of wheat flour with pea flour up to a level of 20% improved the nutritional potential of biscuits without affecting the consumer acceptability score.
...
Masooma Munir1,2*, Aqsa Qayyum1, Saeeda Raza1, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui1, Amer Mumtaz1, Naeem Safdar1, Sahar Shible1, Sohaib Afzal3, Saiqa Bashir4
...ot only good source of fiber and protein but they provide appreciable amount of minerals and phenolic compounds. Swollen basil seeds were used to prepare beverage at three supplementation levels i.e. 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%. Sensory evaluation of basil seed drink revealed that 0.3% basil seeds supplemented drink was liked most in term of taste, texture and over all acceptability whereas 0.4% basil seeds supplemented drink were least liked as compared to other treatm...
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...rovince, China. From October 2013 to May 2015, a total of 78 captive-bred individuals have been released into the reserve and monitored through radio transmitters or satellite transmitters. Twelve nests of 10 pairs were recorded over three breeding seasons. Sixteen variables of habitat characteristics were measured. The results showed that: 1) the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first four components accounted for 79.31% of the total varia...
Nargis Bano and Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*
...st the responses of strawberry plant to both pre-harvest application of salicylic acid and drought treatments. The design of the experiment was a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five water regimes (150ml, 175ml, 200ml, 225ml, 250ml) and five levels of SA at (0.0mML-1, 0.5mML-1 1mML-1, 2mML-1, and 3mML-1) as the main factors and four replications. The experiments were conducted in the...
Aqsa Mehboob1, Noor Khan1,*, Usman Atiq1, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Rafia Tayyab1, Syeda Suhaira Batool1, Hafiza Saleha Batool1, Sana Amjad1 and Mehwish Tanveer1 
...iment was conducted in fiberglass tank having capacity of 18 L water with a stocking density of 25 fish fry per aquaria. There were two treatment groups; T1, T2 and a control (T0) each was replicated twice. Fenugreek as an additive was added in experimental feed at the rate of 0.5% in T1 and 1.0% in T2 while control T0 was without fenugreek supplementation. Fish was fed for six days a week at th...

Hassan Hashim Ghalib, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullan Jan and Ghaffar Ali 

...’ net-return in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. Data for this purpose are collected from 255 wheat growers, selected from Southern, Central and Northern climatic zones of KP. Results from descriptive statistical analysis demonstrate that net-return per acre from wheat crop is highest in the Central zone because of conducive agro-climatic conditions. The estimated Cross-sectional Ricardian Model reveals that temperature and rainfall have non...

Ghani Akbar1, Steven Raine2, Allen David McHugh3, Greg Hamilton4 and Qurban Hussain5 

...irrigated while large number (50%) of NB irrigation were over irrigated. Simulation modelling showed that achievement of above 90% Potential Application Efficiency (PAE) is possible by improving operation (inflow rate and time to irrigation cut-off) and field design (field length and width/number of furrows per set). This work raised the prospects of improved irrigation efficiency of raised beds in Indus Basin, which may be...
Rabia Arif*, Shahar Bano, Muhammad Ishfaq and Muhammad Saleem
...k under the accession numbers; KY001568; KY000838; KY000839 for S3, N5 and N6 strains. 1% cellulose was found effective to enhance the mycelial and perithecial growth.
...
Zia-ur-Rehaman1, Naila Chand1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2,*
...oss, Hubbard, Cobb and Arber Acer) were placed in brooding room in first two weeks and then chicks were divided into two groups: TN and HAT zones. Chicks in TN group were housed at constant room temperature, while chicks in HAT zone were kept at high ambient temperature. Chicks in each group were further divided into four sub groups. Each sub group was further subdivided into four replicates having ten chicks per replicate. Blood was collected on weekly b...

 Zabih Ullah*, H. Rahman and Niaz Muhammad

...graphical location of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The experiment was conducted at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during the cropping season of 2016. Randomized complete block design was used, having two replications and 35 genotypes, comprised of 33 hybrids and two local checks. Data were recorded on days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% anthesis, days to 50% silking, anthesis silking interval, plant height and ear eight. Analysis of variance revealed highly sig...
Rehmat Ullah1*, Kalim Ullah2, Inam Ullah3, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Asif Nawaz1 
...ict Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during year 2014. Eight villages were selected randomly. Among all the farmers, 120 farmers were evaluated through valid, reliable and pre-tested interview schedule. Data collected was analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences ver. 20. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The study has revealed that field assistants (FA) provide new information (75 respondents). It was observed that FAs were ...
Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Muhammad Shahid, Abdul Shakoor*, Muhammad Safeer, Imran Khan, Ayesha Farooq, Iftkhar Ali and Usman Nazir
... shelling percentage, number of grains per cob, 1000-grain weight, harvest index, grain and biological yield. Maximum marginal rate of return was obtained with foliar application of both Zn and B and using foliar Zn alone. Integrated B and Zn application produced more marginal rate of returns both in soil and foliar applications. Use of foliar Zn application also depicted promising results while foliar or soil B application without using Zn enhanced cost of pr...

Sanjukta Chakrabarti1, Colin J. Barrow2, Rupinder K. Kanwar3, Venkata Ramana1*, Rakesh N. Veedu4,5 and Jagat R. Kanwar3* 

...sis or the formation of aberrant vasculature in humans, may lead to various pathological conditions including tumor development. The most important factor implicated in the angiogenic processes is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein and its family of ligands and receptors (VEGFRs). Survival, proliferation, migration and invasion of endothelial cells which give rise to the vascular network, is mediated through VEGF/VEGFR activation of the signal t...
Mahmood-Ul-Hassan*, Naeem Fiaz, Muhammad Akhlaq Mudassir and Muhammad Yasin
... 1st November, 1st December, 1st January, 1st February and 1st March of plant crop were placed in sub-plot in 2011-2012 and subsequent ratoon was harvested in January-2013. A highly significant differences were recorded among all the genotypes and harvesting dates for number of sprouts, millable ecane, striped cane yield and sugar ...

Attaullah Ansari* and Nasreen Memon 

...ndh during March to December 2015. Adult specimens were captured/trapped through Malaise trap, Yellow pan water trap and insect hand net. As a result, a total of 783 specimens belonging to 8 species, 6 genera of two subfamilies were collected, among which Episurphusbaltatus, De Geer, Eritalinus aeneus, Scopoli, and Ischiodon scutellaris, Fabricius were found to be most prevalent whereas; Eristalis arbustorum was found least in num...

Shahab e Saqib1*, Himayatullah Khan2, Sanaullah Panezai3, Ubaid Ali4 and Mazhar Ali5 

...rmers’ group in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The data were collected from 87 subsistence farmers in Mardan sub-district. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study area. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data from farming households’ heads. Credit fungibility ratio and ANOVA were used to explore the credit fungibility and credit margin of investment among the groups of farmers. Results showed that a considerable proportion of ...
Liana Mihaela Fericean1* and Mihaela Corneanu2
...egg stage started in October. On the primary host the aphids gave birth parthenogenetically to three generations of fundatrigenous. In July, the winged form migrated to the secondary host, where successive generations have been born through parthenogenetic reproduction. Gynopara in October return to the primary host and give birth to wingless oviparae that mate with males and lay winter eggs. The biometrical measurements of ...

Amjad Ali1*, Sher Aslam Khan2, Abid Farid2, Ayub khan2, Shah Masaud Khan2 and Naushad Ali2 

...ong the genotypes for number of tillers, plant height, cane length,number of nodes, internodes length,number of millablecane and cane yield while non-significant differences were recorded for cane diameter. The effect of genotype and crop interaction was highly significant fornumber of tillers while non-significant for other characters. Broad sense herit...

Arshad Iqbal1*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1 and Muhammad Sharif Kakar

...different location of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for possible release as a new cultivar.  

...

Inayatullah Jan*, Sajid Khan, Noor Paio Khan and Muhammad Ashfaq 

...in district Mardan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. The study was conducted in three purposively selected villages namely; Nasir Kaly, Shankar and Kodeenaka. From the field surveys, it was found that majority of the respondents were smallholders or tenants. After procuring and properly utilizing credit, the yield of the major crops such as wheat, maize, and sugarcane and the resultant income of the respondents exhibited significant increase, as conf...
Tahira*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan and Mubashar Ahmad Khan
... comprised of maximum number of hybrids (six). The clusters mean and standard deviation marked that hybrid in Cluster XI (CRH-80) was short durational and high yielding mainly due to more branches and pods per plant.CRH-35 in cluster-VI was high yielding and has more seeds per pod. Similarly in second year, these thirty-six Brassica hybrids were grouped into ten clusters. Cluster-I consist of seven hybrids. Analysis for mean and standard deviation showed that ...
Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz
...t height (132.00 cm), number of plants (91.33 m-2), number of tillers (146.00 m-2), number of leaves tillers-1 (5.66), total dry matter (17.70 t ha-1) and fodder yield (60.90 t ha-1) showed that nitrogen application @ 150 % N of recommended dose with drill sowing proved to be the most cost effective technique for fodder oat production ...
Liushuai Hua1,3, Shiping Gong1,*, Xiangjing Zhong2, Jun Tao2, Yu Chen2 and Jieming Deng2 
...s. Determining optimal hibernation conditions is important in resolving this problem. In this study, the effects of two important environmental conditions (water depth and availability of sand beds) on changes in body weight and health status in captive big-headed turtles before and after hibernation were evaluated. Results showed that providing a suitable sand bed during hibernation have ...
Minmin Chen1, Xiaoke Zhang1, Kexiong Wang2, Zhigang Liu1, An Wan3, Daoping Yu1,*, Hong Ji3 and Fangzhen Peng1
...ged seasonally. From October 2013 to March 2014 and from December 2014 to January 2015, the observation rate ranged from 12.5% to 100% of each observation day, with the average being 60%. The average maximum number of individuals observed per day was 4 (range, 1–8). Porpoises was not observed in September 2013 and from April 2014 to Septem
Ehab Bo Trabi1,2, Xianjun Yuan1, Junfeng Li1, Zhihao Dong1, Assar Ali Shah2 and Tao Shao1,2,*
...emical composition of mulberry leaf (Morus Alba) silage was treated with glucose and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) additives. The groups were as follow: silage without additive as a control (c); glucose 1% fresh matter basis (G1); glucose 2% (G2); glucose 3% (G3); Lactobacillus Plantarum (LAB1); Pediococuss acidilactici (LAB2); Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LAB3). All the silos were incubated at 25°C. Then, 90 days later, the fermentati...
Tahira Perveen1,*, Shaista Emad1, Saara Ahmad2, Zehra Batool1, Sarwat Yousuf1, Sheeza Sheikh1, Sara Qadeer1 and Saida Haider1
...rced swim test (FST), number of square crossed in open field test (OFT) and time spent in open arm in elevated plus maze (EPM) was monitored weekly. Repeated administration of fennel oil for 3 weeks showed significant antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in FST and EPM, respectively which were comparable to fluoxetine treated group. A significant increased cholesterol levels were observed in fluoxetine treated rats which was not observed in fennel oil t...
Karim El-Sabrout* and Mohamed H. Khalil
...two groups with total number of 1800 eggs (900 eggs for each group). Eggs were incubated 12 h of light (natural) then 12 h of complete darkness (G1); and 12 h of light (natural) then 12 h of LED lighting (G2). From the obtained results, there were no significant effects of complement LED lighting” after effect on hatchability percent and dead embryos. There were differences observed in chick performance between the two groups, chick weight at hatch was s...
Pei-feng Yin1,2,Xiu-xiu Li1,Qi-wei Zeng3, Cheng-chen Shen1, Le Gao1 andJian-zhang Ton2,*
...ect the production of mulberry, however, there is no known research data available regarding the effects of popcorn infected leaves on silkworm performance. One group of silkworms was fed infected mulberry leaves and the second silkworms group was given control mulberry leaves that were infection free. Results showed that infected leaves exhibited limited toxicity to the silkworm; however,...

Shaista Naz* and Noor Paio Khan 

...on, and introducing a number of policy interventions focused on women. 

...

Muhammad Asad1, Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Ramzan Ansar2, Ijaz Ahmad3*, Muhammad Suhaib4 and Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 

...rs like plant height, number of tillers per m2, spike length and number of spikelets per spike remained statistically at par among various treatments. Significantly higher number of fertile tillers (172), Plant height (93.83 cm), spike length (7.4 cm) were noted with Wheat Star @ 370.5 g ha−1. Although treatments did not differ significantly with respect to wheat grain and biological...

Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1,2*, Muhammad Tahir2, Abid Ali3, Manzoor Hussain3, Muhammad Waheed Anwar4, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 and Ijaz Ahmad

...ob length (16.32 cm), number of grains per cob (410), 1000-grain weight (200.22 g), biological yield (16.63 t ha-1) grain yield (5.75 t ha-1) harvest index (34.22 %) and grain protein content (8.56%) was obtained with (moringa green manuring).While Among fertilizer levels (100% of RDF) produced maximum plant height (189.02 cm) cob length (18.21 cm), number of grains per cob (438.7), 1000-grain weight (216.57 g), biological y...

Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar1*, Amir Shakeel1, Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Waheed Anwar1, Zoraiz Tanveer1 and Muhammad Fahad Irfan2 

...or plant height (cm), number of sympodial branches, number of monopodial branches, seed cotton yield (g), number of bolls, boll weight (g), lint percentage (%), fiber strength (g/tex), fiber length (mm) and fiber fineness (µg/inch). Analysis of variance revealed significant dif...

Haidar Ali* and Malik Muhammad Shafi 

...llages. Because large number of family labors of sample respondents were working on high paid jobs or employed else or self-employed and thus contributed a good amount to their family’s income. The study recommends that unemployment in the agriculture sector is likely to increase with the decrease in the size of holdings. To generate off-farm employment opportunities agro based industries seems to potential area. Simultaneously there is need for initiati...

Imtiaz Ahmed, Muhammad Abbas Khan, Noorullah Khan, Naveed Ahmed, Abdul Waheed, Fazal Yazdan Saleem, Sajjad Khan and Sohail Aslam 

...m), clove weight (g), number of cloves bulb-1 and yield (t ha-1) was measured. The result of the study reveals that plant spacing had significant impact on the occurrence of rust disease and its severity, yield and yield components. Plants with 10 cm spacing had more disease incidence and severity (79 and 55.66% respectively). Plants with 20 cm spacing had more Bulb weight (99.33 g), Bulb diameter (67.33 mm), clove weight (11.65g) and no of cloves per bulb (12...
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...rovince, China. From October 2013 to May 2015, a total of 78 captive-bred individuals have been released into the reserve and monitored through radio transmitters or satellite transmitters. Twelve nests of 10 pairs were recorded over three breeding seasons. Sixteen variables of habitat characteristics were measured. The results showed that: 1) the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first four components accounted for 79.31% of the total varia...
Fahad Tanveer1, Adnan Afzal2, Muhammad Adeel3*, Sana Shahid4 and Maham Masood5
...s from June 2015 to December 2015. A total of 75 subjects with non-specific neck pain using non-probability convenience sampling technique who fulfilled the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly allocated to three groups; group 1 received SNAGs, group 2 Maitland mobilization and group 3 conventional treatment. Baseline, post-intervention and follow up readings were taken through numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) for pain intensity, neck disabi...

Bibi Haleema1*, Abdur Rab1 and Syed Asghar Hussain2 

...nt height (88.04 cm), number of primary (2.63) and secondary (7.15) branches, leaves plant-1 (182), leaf area (65.52 cm2), and fruit per plant (66.15). In case of B levels, more plant height (88.14 cm), number of primary (2.61) and secondary (7.44) branches, number of leaves plant-1 (177), number fruits plant-1 (67.78) were recorded with foliar spray of ...

Riaz Alam* and Muhammad Sajid 

... August 15, 30 and September 14 in plants of olive cultivars Frontoio, Manzanilla, Ottobratica, Pendolino and Picual. Significant variations were recorded among olive cultivars regarding asexual propagation through air-layerage. The daughter saplings of cultivar Manzanilla took less number of days (47.94) to root appearance, produced more rooting percentage (38.89%), number of roots (4.31)...
Medeni Aykut
...s carried out from September 2013 to August 2015 in Bingöl and Diyarbakır provinces in the Eastern and South-eastern Anatolian regions of Turkey. A total of 3,990 dysticid specimens were collected from 118 different localities and identified. In total, 40 species in 17 genera of family Dytiscidae were recorded, of which 37 were new to the study area. Eretes sticticus (Linnaeus, 1767) is the second record for Turkish fauna. Furthermore, Hydr...
Quang Minh Dinh
...ent peaks in May and October, and relative yield-per-recruit and biomass-per-recruit analyses gave Emax = 0.735, E0.1 = 0.656 and E0.5 = 0.384. This gobiid could be potential for future aquaculture due to high growth parameter. The goby stock was subjected to overexploitation so that the mesh size of deep gill nets should be increased and avoiding catch fish during the recruitment period for sustainable fis...
Shumaila Ashfaq1, Liaqat Ali2*, Muhammad Ashraf Zia2, Rizwan Ahmad Khan2 and Mehtash Butt3
...4to 13th December 2014. Sample size was calculated 60 (30 each) cases using 95% confidence interval, 80% power of test. Patients who developed PDPH after spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section were divided into 2 group; Group A (Conventional Treatment) and Group B, (Conventional Treatment plus Hydrocortisone 100mg 8 hourly for 48 hours). Details were recorded regarding age; mean pretreatment and post treatment VAS after 6 hours.Mean decre...
Qunhua Han1,2, Meiwen Zhang1,*, Cong Guo2, Xunjun Zhou1, Bo Li1 and Yong Wang1
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Aly Khan3
...nd shepherds of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 1041 stool samples were examined from January 2006 to December 2008 using direct smear and concentration methods. One hundred and fifteen (11.04%) participants were found infected with one or more than one intestinal protozoans. Forty one (35.6%) of the participants were infected with single parasite and seventy four (64.3%) with multiple infections. Entamoeba...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Khalid Usman2*, Muhammad Munir3 and Muhammad Sohail Khan

...dition of D. I. Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2012 and 2013. Treatments consisted of five varied pollination timings i.e., at spathe opening day, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after spathe opening. Fresh male strand placement technique was used in this study. Strands were cut from a freshly opened male spathe and 2 – 3 strands were placed between the strands of the female inflorescence. Data were collected for fruit set (%), fruit drop (%), fruit yiel...
Ümit Kumbıçak, Zübeyde Kumbıçak* and Gülnare Huseynli
...d that the chromosome number and the karyotype formula of the species was 2n♂=35 (X1X2X30) which is the first record for the family Hersiliidae. Both autosomes and sex chromosomes were acrocentric. The lengths of the chromosomes indicated no significant difference between autosomal pairs, however, X3 was the smallest chromosome but X1 and X2 were intermediate in the karyotype.
...
Saswati Roy1, Rakesh Pashi2, S. Dey3 and Shantanu Jha
...sect method. Total 74 number of bird species were recorded which belonged to 18 orders. Out of 74 bird species 23 species (31.08%) were recorded as insectivorous, 16 species (21.62%) as omnivorous, 13 species (17.57%) as granivorous, 11 species (14.86%) as carnivorous, 7 species (9.45%) as frugivorous, 2 species were piscivorous (2.70%) and nectarivorous (2.70%). During the study, total fifteen species (20.27%) were recorded as local migratory, nine species (1...
Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Muhammad Shahzad2, Xiaokang Wu3, Chaofeng Ma4 and Jiru Xu1,*
... to evaluate the copy numbers of dominant bacteria of gut microbiota. The results indicated that a significant diversity difference between asthma and healthy groups (*P< 0.05), was shown in DGGE profile. Similarity index was found to be lower in inter-group than intra-group that indicated a change in composition of gut flora in asthma patients. Sequencing results also indicated a change of bacterial composition between both groups. qPCR results show...
Jarosław Pytlewski1, Ireneusz Antkowiak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*
...age at first calving, number of semen portions attributable to successful insemination, length of pregnancy and periods of: insemination service, postpartum resting period, interpregnancy period and intercalving period. The study also determined weight of the cow and weight of the calf at calving (including gender). Statistical calculations were performed using the statistical package SAS v.9.3. The following procedures were used: MEANS and GLM. In black and w...
İbrahim Aytekin1,*, Ecevit Eyduran2, Koksal Karadas3, Rifat Akşahan4 and İsmail Keskin1
...n the MARS algorithm, numbers of terms and basis functions were set at 21 and 45 where order of interactions was three. Except for CD, other predictors were entered into MARS model. MARS showed very high predictive capability (R2=0.9717, R2ADJ=0.9643, SDRATIO= 0.168 and r=0.986) for the data evaluated in the investigation. Also, GCV value of the MARS prediction equation was found as 409.83. In conclusion, it could be...
Muhammad Siraj-ud-Din1,2, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Usman Ali3,*, Mayoor Khan2, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nuzhat Shafi1 and Basharat Ahmad1
...six (6) in autumn (September-October) and five (5) in winter (February-March). Conservation of threatened Ladakh urial could be achieved by protecting its potential habitat and preferred food plant species.
...
Rana Hanan1*, Muhammad Waqar Shafi1, Sumair Anwar2 and Numrah Nawaz1
...students were more in number as compared to male students. Mean age was 21.6 years with increased frequency of pre hypertensive and hypertensive individuals in the first, second and final year class. A total of 64% pre-obese subjects were pre-hypertensive or hypertensive and 75% obese were also pre hypertensive or hypertensive. Frequency of intake of fast/junk food was higher among pre-hypertensive and hypertensive individual than normotensive and same among b...
Wen-Feng Li, Xiao-Yan Wang, Ying-Kun Huang*, Rong-Yue Zhang, Jiong Yin, Zhi-Ming Luoand Hong-Li Shan
...nd the effective stem number was reduced by 4440-21900 stalk/ha. Measured yield and sugar yield loss results showed cane yield was reduced by 5.32-44.53 T/ha; the yield loss percent was5.92% - 44.53%; the sugarcane juice yield decreased by 1.73% - 3.28%; the sucrose content reduced by 0.33% - 5.63%; sugarcane brix dropped by 0.70-6.36 BX; the fibre and reducing sugar increased by 0.22% - 0.98% and 0.11%-1.58%, respectively. It was confirmed that ...
Wanrong Wei and Weiguo Zhang* 
...aring young, sleeping, hibernation, food storage, protection from predators and extreme environment, and the function of burrows varies with the degree of burrow complexity. We studied the burrow architecture (length, internal dimensions, fractal dimension of tunnel systems, number of nesting chambers and surface holes) by excavating the tunnels of 24 burrow systems of the plateau pika (

SHARIF UDDIN, MD. HASIBUL HASAN, MOHAMMED MAHBUB IQBAL, MOHAMMAD AMZAD HOSSAIN

...ducted from January-December 2014 to investigate the reproductive biology of Vietnamese Climbing Perch in earthen pond. The female fish elucidates rounded, swollen abdomen and reddish pelvic fin while the male fish also possess a reddish pelvis fins but generally smaller, narrower. The surfaces of male’s pectoral were little rough during the breeding season. The Gonado-somatic index (GSI) value of female Anabus testudineus was ranged from 12.71±0....
Tariq Mahmood*1, Syed Wasif Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Rais1, Hira Fatima1, Faraz Akrim1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...trict Gujrat, from September 2013 to June 2015. Data were collected from five selected sampling sites by searching and identifying nests of different bird species in various vegetation types and observing birds on the nest. The nests were monitored for breeding activity of the particular bird species through clutch size, incubation period, and hatching success. Sixty-two active nests of various bird species were recorded; common myna Acredotheris tristis
Ghazala Saeed1, Rabia Wajid1* and Ayesha Yousaf Dar2
...gdon Hospital, from December 2014 to June 2015. In our study, 62.86 % (n=88) patients were between18-25 years of age and 37.14 % (n=52) were between 26-35 years of age. The mean+SD was calculated as 25.12+4.53 years. Frequency ofvaginal delivery in patients with eclampsia was 30.71 % (n=43) while69.29 % (n=97) were delivered through cesarean section. Comparisonof maternal mortality in two groups was recorded, where out of 43 spontaneous vaginal deliveries mort...

Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1, Khanum Zahra2, Arooj Zaheer2, Khizar Samiullah3

...emistry of spider silk fiber, mechanical properties and applications of silk in health, military industry and many other fields is discussed. Its antifungal and antimicrobial potentials are also explored. Researchers are trying to introduce advanced methods to manufacture spider silk artificially to enhance silk production. Silk fiber can be designed after determining type and sequence of constituent amino acid or by inserti...

Malak Atiq Ullah Khan* and Fida Mohammad 

...e environments within Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2013/14, 2014/15 and 2015/16 cropping seasons. Combined analyses of variance for G and GEI were significant for almost all traits. Significant GEI suggested that the performance of genotypes was not consistent across environments, revealing strong influence of environments. Generally, GEI explained major portion of total variation and thus had larger effect than G and E on the expression of phenotype fo...

Sajid Muhammad* and Fida Mohammad 

... E-4) and Kohat (E-5) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan during 2011/12 and 2012/13.GGE biplot analysis explained 79.89% (PC1=56.57 and PC2= 23.32%) of the total variation. Genotype G19 positioning on vertex in sectorE-3, E-4 and E-5, while G30 in sector E-1 and E-2 revealed their specific suitability to these environments. GGE biplotrecognizedE-4 as ideal environment, whereas G49 as ideal genotype.Thus, GGEbiplotanalysis identified G49 (Wafaq×Ghaznav...
Abu ul Hassan Faiz1,*, Fakhar-i-Abbas2 and Lariab Zahra Faiz2
...ed from February to December, 2015 using snap traps by applying line transect technique in wild area by using over 3840 trap nights in eight type of soil (sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, silt loam, silty clay loam). A total of 1571 animals were captured belonging to species of Nesokia indica, Mus musculus, Mus budooga, Millardia meltada, Tatera indica and Golunda elliotti. The maximum numbe...
Zahid Farooq1, Sufi Muhammad Akram2, Muhammad Saleem Khan3,* and Muhammad Wajid4
...ssy-bellied racer(Coluber ventromaculatus)(7.87%; N = 41) and Common krait (Bungarus caeruleus)(7.49%; N = 39) were higher in prevalence. Northern wolf snake (Lycodon striatus striatus), Sind long-nose sand snake (Lytorhynchus paradoxus)and Afghan awl-head snake(L. ridgewayi)(0.38%; N = 2) were the least abundant. Snakes were more frequent in croplands and least frequent in barren areas.
...

Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Abdul Aziz Khakwani2, Sami Ullah2, Najeeb Ullah2, Abdur Rauf3 and Inam Ullah2

...on, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to study the effect of tillage systems [ridge tillage (RT) and flat tillage (FT)] and 5 nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kgN.ha-1) on cotton lint yields, quality and earliness. Experiment was laid out in a RCB design with split plot arrangements replicated thrice. Tillage methods were allotted to main plots while nitrogen levels were kept in sub plots. Results showed that RT produced higher bolls per plan...

Ayesha Aihetasham*, Faiza Qayyum and Muhammad Xaaceph

...ure, household goods, timber and forest vegetation. Present study was designed to determine the effect of fungus isolates at six different exposure times on Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann), which is one of the major destructive termites of Pakistan. Fungal conidia were repellent to C. heimi. The workers of C. heimi were exposed to fungus for 60, 45, 30, 20, 15, 10 minutes and percentage mortality and consumptions were noted during eight days period. Results showed...

 Mohammed Mahbub Iqbal*, Mehedi Hasan Kanon, Mohammad Amzad Hossain, Abul Hossain, Shamima Nasren, Md. Jahidul Islam, Md. Arifur Rahman

...nd lowest (2.70) in December. On the other hand, Pielou’s evenness index was lowest (0.82) in three successive months i.e., in October, November and January and highest (0.88) in April. The fish species of Konoskhaihaor found to be evenly distributed. Simpson dominance index were found to be highest (0.94) in April and lowest (0.91) in January. The diversity indices only evenness ind...
Syed Kashif Nawaz*, Faiza Zubair and Sidra Kanwal
... noticed that maximum number (635) of overlapping genes were present on chromosome 1. Chromosome 21 carried the minimum number (85) of overlapping genes. Overlapping genes were further categorized on the basis of their orientation. It was found that the human genome has 62% embedded genes, 17% convergent genes, 16% divergent genes and 5% uni-directional genes. These categories may further be differentiated as coding vs. codi...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Sara Ferrando4 and Lorenzo Gallus
..., lipid, ash and crude fiber were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by salinity level. The hematological parameters like hematocrit, cholesterol and plasma triglycerides were similar among fish fed on different salinity level (P < 0.05).
...
RuiHua Zhang, YongFang Jia, TingTing Liang, QianWen Yang, QiYan Du and ZhongJie Chang*
...ent, a relatively low number have been characterized for freshwater fish. In this study, we were able to gain three full-length SoxD sequences from transcriptome sequencing data of carp: CcSox5, CcSox6 and CcSox13 (Cyprinus carpio SoxD).These genes were verified by sequencing, blast and homology alignment. CcSoxD have two to four exons and encode a 780, 784 and 602 amino acid protein, respectively. Chromosome sy...
Zia ur Rehman1, Naila Chand1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi3
...oss, Hubbard, Cobb and Arber Acer) were placed in brooding room for the first two weeks and then chicks were divided into two groups: TN and HAT. Chicks in TN group were housed at constant room temperature (25ºC ± 2ºC and RH 65 ±5%) while chicks in HAT group were kept at high ambient temperature. In the TN zone, significantly (P< 0.05) higher feed intake and weight gain were recorded on day 21, 28, 35 and 42. Feed intake in TN zone w...
Amjad Khan1,*, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq1, Mansur ud Din Ahmad1, Jawad Nazir1, Zahida Fatima2, Asghar Khan3 and Shahid Hussain Farooqi3
... outbreaks.
...
Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Saima Masood1,*, Hafsa Zaneb1, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Asim Aslam3, Kamran Ashraf4, Habib-ur-Rehman5, Muti-ur-Rehman3 and Muhammad Shabir Shaheen6
...ing 4 replicates. The number of birds per group were 32 whereas the number of birds per replicate were 8.The first group was kept as control (CONT) whereas, the second (MOSG) and third (OABG) groups were given MOS (2g / kg of feed) and OAB (3g / kg of feed), respectively. The fourth group (MOS+OAB) was given combination of MOS (2g / kg of feed) and OAB (3g / kg of feed). Birds were given ad-libitum feed and water during an e...
Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*
...s been shown to induce puberty and pregnancies successfully. The aims of the present study were to evaluate ovaries age effect on restoration function upon transplantation in mice and rats. Eighteen adult female rats were classified to three equal groups in addition to sex young females as donor of young ovaries. Similar classification was done using eighteen female mice and sex young females. The females of mice or rats were anesthetized for ovarian transplan...
Tania Ahmed Shakoori1,*, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Asif Hanif2, Saima Mukhtar3 and Ayesha Ghauri4 
...the hospital. Average number of hospital visits for exacerbations per year, smoking history, family history of smoking related chronic lung disease in first degree relatives and presence of comorbidities were recorded from patient history and medical records. Body mass index was calculated and complete pulmonary function tests were recorded using electronic spirometer. Three multiple linear regression models were created with mid maximal expiratory flow, FEV1,...

Muhammad Tariq1*, Muhammad Khawar Hussain1, Zilakat Khan Malik2 and Noor Jehan1 

...nical efficiency of strawberry production at farm level. For this purpose data has been collected from 382 randomly selected strawberry producers of two purposively selected villages of district Charsadda. Out of 382 producers 176 were located in Tebana Dhere and 206 in Sarkai village. It is find out that 47% of land area was under the cultivation of strawberry with average production of 2...
Tahira Kamal1*, Saeed-Ul-Hassan Khan2, Amir Bin Zahoor3, Khalid Naeem3, Muhammad Naeem Riaz1, Siddra Tayyab Akhtar4, Ghulam Muhammad Ali1*
...(FMD) is a RNA virus, member of Picornaviridae. It has seven serotypes with no cross protection among these. FMD is responsible for heavy economic losses in cattle and buffalo. So rapid and accurate diagnosis of FMD is uttermost need of this time. Several lab.techniques are developed for rapid detection of FMD but these are expensive and time consuming. Elisa, cell culture, Reverse Transcriptase (RT-PCR) and real time PCR need specific high quality equipments ...
Lowell Gustafson
...uthor. I quibble at a number of points: (1) big historians and some scientists see meaning in nature and history despite Peters’ claim to the contrary; (2) even though most big historians are atheists or agnostics they are still interested in religion because they want to know why people believe what they do; and (3) it is a mark of hubris or pride that a religious person (or even a scientist) would claim total knowledge about ultimate reality. Ted Peter...

Waqas Liaqat1, Mohammad Akmal1* and Jawad Ali 

...tional average in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province. The study aims to find outoptimum sowing time for a suitable variety (OPV or hybrid) in Peshawar. Field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. Experiment was a randomized complete block with split plots in three replications. Factor one was sowing dates (June 18, 30, July 15, 29 and August 5) as main plot treatment. The second factor was m...

Ayesha Bibi*, Musharaf Ahmad and Shaukat Hussain 

...mato growing areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Northwest Pakistan. Based on agroclimate, KP was divided into five zones as Northern KP, Southern KP, Eastern KP, Western KP and Central KP. A total of 100 collected weed samples were analyzed in laboratory for the presence of bacteria. The samples were crushed homogenized in 0.85% TBE buffer and platted on YDC (Yeast extract-Dextrose-CaCO3) for bacterial growth. For identification of the characteristic b...
Shahid Mehmood1,*, Bushra Nisar Khan1, Hassan Raza1, Rida Ahmad1, Azhar Muhammad3, Zulfiqar Ali2, Farhan Abid1, Fehmeeda Bibi4 and Syed Maviz Ahmed5
...ecies diversity from October 2014 to September 2015 at Safari Zoo Lahore (31°2257 N, 74° 12 47 E and elevation 208m) located in district Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. In total, 5456 birds belonging to 71 species, 40 families and 12 orders were recorded. Bird species distribution was: year round residents 50 (70.4%), winter migrants 12 (16.9%), summer breeders eight (8) (11.3%) and pass...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Sara Ferrando4, Lorenzo Gallus4 and Syed Sajjad A. Shah2,3
...d into hapa nets in 12 fiberglass tanks (2000-liter). Ratio among male and female was 1:3. They were fed with commercial floating pelleted feed constituting 35% crude protein with 2% body weight twice a day. Eggs were collected on weekly basis by cultch removal method. Results showed that the highest fecundity, fertility, hatchability and survival of fry were obtained on salinity of 0%-15% and significantly decreased on 20‰ and 25‰. The eggs per ...
Muhammad Abubakar,1,2,* Aamer Bin Zahur,1,3 Khalid Naeem1,3, Muhammad Azeem Khan1,3 and Subhan Qureshi
...to 2013). The highest number of outbreaks was reported from Punjab province (n = 38) followed by Sindh (n = 21) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK, n = 10). In 48 out of 84 outbreaks, disease occurred in goats only while 18 outbreaks affected sheep only and the remaining occurred in mixed herds. A total of 6221 animals were affected in these outbreaks. Sheep were less severely affected in comparison with goats. The morbidity, morta...

Muhammad Luqman1,3, Raheel Saqib2*, Xu Shiwei3 and Yu Wen3 

...ulture comprises of a number of farming activities, where both men and women are involved in multiple diverse nature of field operations. Inspite of their high contribution in farm and non-farm activities, there exist gender disparity with reference to agricultural extension, education and other farm advisory services. The study was conducted in district Sargodha located in the central Punjab, Pakistan. Personal interviews were conducted from male head as well...

Ronaq Zaman*, Shahid Ali and Inam Ullah 

...in district Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Primary data were collected from 134 respondents using multi-stage sampling technique through well-structure interview schedule. For the estimation of Stochastic frontier tans-log production function, maximum likelihood estimation technique was used. To ensure the abnormality of data set Chow test and Dummy variable test was employed for any possible structure break across the broiler farms. Results indicated...

Muhammad Ijaz Khan* and Amanullah Jan 

...rn from maize crop in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Province, Pakistan. 

...

Muhammad Yahya Noori1*, Saharish Rizwan2, Zaheer Ali3 and Shaheen Sharafat4 

...tidrug resistant (MDR) Tuberculosis by assessing their contact information. Data were obtained and analyzed from 164 individuals suffering from MDR TB. Records were scanned to evaluate the presence of a close contact with known history of Tuberculosis. Tabulations and analysis were performed in Microsoft Excel® and online calculators. Analysis of contact data showed that only 36% of the patients had a close contact with ...

Attia Anwar1, Sajida Malik2*, Zobia Usman1 and Sadia Chiragh3 

...nvestigate the effect of berberine toxicity on liver enzymes, renal function, serum uric acid and blood cell counts of Sprague-Dawley rats. For this purpose, twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in two groups. Group A (n=10) was given distilled water and Group B (n=10) was supplemented berberine hydrochloride with dose of 75 mg/kg body weight/day. 24 ...

Bashir Ahmad1*, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Hayad Zada2, Shahid Sattar1, Toheed Iqbal3, Saddam Hussain1 and Muhammad Saeed4 

...months from July to November in the year 2012 and 2013 to investigate population dynamics and observe the impact of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on population of Plutella xylostella (L.) in Cauliflower, Brassica oleracea crop at District Haripur of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Field studies results showed that the population of P. xylostella gradually increased from mid of July where the population was 2.1 and 2.0 larv...

Shahid Iqbal1*, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Mushtaq Ahmad Jadoon3 and Intikhab Alam3 

...agriculture sector in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data for the study were collected through a pretested interview schedule from 364 respondents belonging to 5 randomly selected villages of District Charsadda. The study findings reveal a significant difference in the area under wheat, maize and vegetables after the flood. At the same time, the area under sugarcane and fodder had also decreased to some extent. Similarly, the use of chemical fertilizers and farm yard man...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
...injury, higher parity number, tick infestation, self-treatment and higher use of penicillin in general ailments had positive association with MDR prevalence. The study concluded higher prevalence of MDR S. aureus in camel milk with significant association of assumed risk factors and some of antibiotics presented higher scope of treatment.
...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz3
...rom January 2006 to December 2008 using direct smear and concentration methods. Two hundred and twenty one (21.2%) participants were found infected with one or more than one intestinal tapeworms. Seventy seven (7.39%) of the participants were infected with single parasite and one hundred forty four (13.8%) with multiple infections. Taenia saginata 32.6% (n=146/447), Ascaris lumbricoides 20.3% (n=91/447), Hymenolepis nana 19.7% (n=88/447), ...
Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1*, Abid Ali2, Manzoor Hussain2, Saadia3, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Sohail Latif6
...combinations, maximum number of productive tillers m-2 (392.3), number of grains per spike (45.27), 1000-grain weight (44.04 g), biological yield (14.11 t ha-1), grain yield (5.40 t ha-1) protein contents (12.52%), nitrogen (28.22kg kg-1), phosphorus (34.85 kg kg-1) and potassium (47.40 kg kg-1) use efficiency were obtained with the treatment F2 (10...

Noreen Rasul1*, Madeeha Rashid2, Aqeela Abbas1 and Rubina Sohail

... of six months, total number of deliveries was 6459, out of them spontaneous vaginal deliveries were 52.2% (3372) and caesarean sections were 47.7% (3087). In 55.4%neonate’s(both preterm and term)early essential newborn care was practiced.Total preterm were 290 (4.5%), out of them 121 (2%) neonates were kept in Kangaroo Mother Care position and 129 (44%) were shifted to neonatal intensive care unit. 14% parents refused for KMC position and discharged. Mo...
Bashir Ahmad1, Muhammad Idrees1,*, Kafeel Ahmad1, Dawood Ahmad2, Sajid Ali3 and Shumaila Bashir4
...kistan.
...
Ali Murad Rahoo,1,2,* Tariq Mukhtar,1,3 Shoukat Ibrahim Abro,4 Barkat Ali Bughio5 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo6
... Significantly higher numbers of IJ were produced by Heterorhabditid species than Steinernematid species in the cadaver. The production of IJ was the maximum in the case of H. bacteriophora which was not statistically different form H. indica. Minimum IJ were produced by S. feltiae. The IJ produced by S. kraussei and S. carpocapsae were statistically similar. The emergence of Steinernematids started from the 14th d...

Nukhbat-Ullah Awan1*, Muhammad Sohail2, Zeeshan Sarwar3, Muhammad Mustahsen Bashir4, Muhammad Abbas Khokhar5 and Asad Aizaz Chatha

...ofKEMU, Lahore from December 2012 to November 2015 to assess theoutcome of early tracheostomy in grade II (moderate) tetanus patients.A total of fifty-six adults of both genders, diagnosed as grade II tetanus patients, were included. Clinical characteristics, mode of trauma, incubation period, vaccination status and investigations were recorded. All patients were managed in ICU and early tracheostomy was performed in additio...

Zahid Akram, Saif Ullah Ajmal, Ghulam Shabbir, Muhammad Munir and Nasir Mahmood Cheema

INHERITANCE MECHANISM OF SOME YIELD COMPONENTS IN BREAD WHEAT
...ed were spike length, number of spikelets spike-1, number of grains spike-1, 1000 grain weight and grain yield plant-1. The analysis of variance depicted that 56 F1 and their parents were significantly different for all the parameters. Uniformity of Wr-Vr over arrays as well as significant deviation of regression coefficient (b) from unity confirmed the suitability of additive-dominance model to account for the data analysis...

Muhammad Naeem Safdar, Khalid Naseem, Muhammad Amjad, Amer Mumtaz and Saeeda Raza*

...d dry gluten, falling number, and minerals (copper, manganese, iron, zinc). It was observed that wheat samples varied considerably within each region and also between regions. Attock region samples had highest test weight (80.50 kg hl -1), protein (11.80 %) and lowest nonedible foreign matter (0.45%) and broken/shrunken grains (0.88 %). Highest wet and dry gluten (27.44 % and 9.29 %) while other damaged grains were observed lowest (0.47 %) in Lahore region sam...

Muhammad Iqbal, Jalal-ud-Din*, Muhammad Munir** and Mohibullah Khan***

...ffer significantly in number of strands as well as number of flowers per spathe. The maximum number of flowers per spathe was recorded in M11 while minimum number of flower per spathe was found in M2. Significantly maximum number of flowers per strand was recorded in M6, the M5 possessed significantly highest viability...

Raania Ahsan* and Zafar Altaf**

...s susceptible, poor in fiber quality and high input demanding unapproved varieties. Almost all these varieties employed Monsanto Cry1Acgene (MON 531) as it was not patented in Pakistan. A positive development was approval of Monsanto plan to introduce advanced genetically modified (GM) crop technology in Pakistan by Government of Pakistan during 2009. In this regard Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MINFA) has been working on a two pronged strategy i.e. develo...

Golam Moula* and Sayedur Rahman**

...rom mid July to mid November 2003) along with other phenological features. The total length (mean ± SD) of vetiver culms was 206.32 ± 42.43 cm. The root and shoot lengths (mean ± SD) of 8 weeks old seedlings were 3.93 ± 0.25 cm and 4.79 ± 1.29 cm, respectively. The fitted regression line equation for the root and shoot length was found as Y = 0.074 + 1.20 X, where X and Y are root and shoot length, respectively. The calculate...

Haq Nawaz Malik*, Iffat Ara**, Muhammad Naeem, Mozammil Hussain, M. Hanif Munawwar and M. Yousaf

...t height, ear height, number of kernel rows per ear, number of grain per row, 100 grain weight, grain moisture and grain yield. The hybrids NT-6622 and NT- 6651 ranked top and second in grain yield by producing 7842 and 7759 kg ha-1, respectively. Generally the hybrids produced more grain yield than the open pollinated varieties. Days to 50% tasseling ranged from 47.33 (EV-1098) to 64 (NT- 6632) while for silking varied from...

 S.A. Khan*, M.M. Rahman Jamro** and M.Y Arain***

...er yield from TPS mini tubers during autumn 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. It was revealed that even small size (5- 20g, 20-30g) tubers planted at closer row and plant spacing (60cm x 15cm,70cm x 15 cm) produced 31.00%, 31.33% and 28.33%, 32.33% medium size tubers (35-55 mm size). Whereas wider spacing (70cm x 20cm, 50cm x 20cm) produced relatively higher number

 Babar Hussain*, Muhammad Ashfaq**, Mazher Abbas***, Khalid Mahmood**** and M. Ather Mahmood***

...rom January 1991 to December 2006 of gram, in logarithmic form and empirically estimated the degree of integration in gram markets of Pakistan using co-integration analysis. Co-integration results show that all gram markets are highly co-integrated in the long run. The high degree of market integration observed in this case is consistent with the view that Pakistan’s gram markets are quite competitive and provide little justification for extensive and co...

 Zafar Khokhar*, Imtiaz Hussain**, Badruddin Khokhar* and Muhammad Sohail**

...r sowing dates i.e. November 1 and 15, December 1 and 15 were in main plots, whereas six wheat genotypes (V-7001, V-7002, V-7004, MPT-6, Abadgar-93, and Anmol-91) were in sub plots. Because of better tillering, plant growth, growth period, number of grain per unit area and grain weight, November 15 planted wheat had maximum grain yield of 5904 kg ha-1, f...

 Badaruddin Khokhar*, Imtiaz Hussain** and Zafar Khokhar*

...dash;93 were planted. Number of irrigation did not have any significant effect on plant height, whereas plant height was affected significantly in different cultivars. Application of five irrigations at different wheat growth stages resulted in higher spike length, higher number of grains and wheat grain yield. Wheat variety Abadgar–93 and V–7004, had taller plants in comparison with cultivars NARC–9 and V&...

Aslam Memon, A. M. Khushk* and Umer Farooq**

...njab and CP-77-400 in Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Province (KP) captured significantly large area than other varieties. Based on varietal adoption indicators, although improvements were registered for most of the indicators, however, their magnitude was quite small indicating slowness of varietal diffusion. Very high variations in varietal diffusion indicators were also observed across provinces, farm size and tenancy status categories.In conclusion, despite that majo...

 Abid Hussain*, Imdad Hussain Mirza and Muhammad Azeem Khan**

...rate female household members belonging to ten villages of tehsil Talagang of Chakwal district for data collection. According to the findings of the study, average number of goats per household was four; two does and two nonmilking goats. Goats were mainly supplemented with ber (Zizyphus) leaves, wheat and mustard fodders in winter season and ber leaves,...

 Sumia Bint Zaman, Sidra Majeed and Shahid Ahmad*

...erms of oil contents, number of crops per year, yield and gross returns of oilseed crops and Jatropha. Analysis shows that increase in production of edible oil over the time is negligible against the large increase in requirement resulted in higher production gap being filled through imports. Projections made for edible oils illustrated that production gap is going to be wider, which is currently 1.86 million tonnes (mt) and projected to be 3.4 mt by 2030. Jat...

 Ahmed Aziz Kurd, Amanullah, Saifullah Khan, Basharat Hussain Shah and Munir Ahmed Khetran*

.... The maximum average number of roots per cutting (4.443) and average root length (5.687 cm) were recorded with 4000 ppm IBA treatment. Percentage of rooted cuttings decreased with increased IBA concentration, whereas, number of roots and root length increased with increased IBA concentration. It was concluded that to obtain the most roots per cutting and the longest root length, application of 4000 ppm IBA was the best and ...

Tariq Mahmood, M. Sudheer Tariq, Khalid Mahmood Khokar, Hidayatullah and Syed Ijaz Hussain*

...and 18.63 t ha-1 in cucumber, respectively.

...

Barkat Ali*, Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah, Ghulam Shabbir** and Nasir Mahmood Cheema***

...branches plant height number of bolls and boll weight. The line CP-15/2 possessed maximum dominant genes for monopodial branches, plant height and boll weight, BJA-592 for sympodial branches and ACALA-SJ-4 has maximum dominant genes for bolls per plant. However the cultivar CIM-497 carried maximum recessive genes for monopodial branches and plant height, PB-899 for bolls per plant and sympodial branches while ACALA-SJ-4 has maximum recessive genes for boll wei...

 M. Yasin Mirza, Mubashir A. Khan, M. Akmal, Akbar S. Mohmand, Malik S. Nawaz, Nazakat Nawaz and Najeeb Ullah*

...ant for plant height, number bolls plant-1, 1000-seed weight and seed yield hectare-1. These studies were conducted at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan during rabi 2002-03, 2003-04 and 2004-05. Pooled genotypic and phenotypic variances were maximum for seed yield and minimum for 1000-seed weight. Genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation were observed maximum for seed yield and minimum for plant height...

 Ashiq Saleem, Habib Iqbal Javed, Rashid Saleem,* Muhammad Ansar** and M. Amir Zia*

...s and increase in its number of split applications. The highest maize grain yield of 8014 kgha-1 was observed in plots where 120 kgha-1 of Potash was used in three splits. While minimum grain yield was recorded in control. In sorghum, maximum grain yield (4356 kgha-1 ) and stalk yield (13422 kgha-1 ) was recorded with the application of 120 kgha-1 of Potash with three splits. All the parameters except plant height had significant effect in both maize and sorgh...

 Sarfraz Ahmad, Shaista Koukab, Nayyar Razzaq, Muhammad Islam, Aneel Rose*, and Muhammad Aslam**

...d is from August to November. Flowers are produced in flushes and picking is possible with 10-15 days interval. In irrigated conditions, maximum fresh and dry flower production at one flush was recorded 2783 and 763 kgha-1, respectively. The fresh and dry flower production under natural rainfall was recorded 812 and 252 kgha-1 respectively, at one flush. Matricaria recutita survived under the cold and drought conditions of highlands of Balochistan. Matricaria ...

 Muhammad Azeem Khan*, Abid Hussain, Irfan Mehmood and Sonila Hassan **

...d zones of Punjab and Khyber Pukhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan. Data for the study has been taken from various issues of Crop Area Production (by districts) MINFA (Economic Wing), district agricultural departments and meteorological department, Islamabad. Primary data for the study was collected in 2010 by conducting farm level surveys in Kohat and Attock districts. Clusters of six villages were selected from each district for field surveys. Six community repr...

Halima Shoukat1*, Hafiz Sheraz Arshad2, Faiza Sharif1, Arooj Fatima1 and Filza Shoukat

...sity of Lahore from December 2013 to March 2014. The study comprised of 60 subjects with asymptomatic tightness of hamstrings muscles and subjects were aged between 18-26 years (irrespective of their gender). Range of motion at knee joint was measured by universal goniometer before the commencement of stretching technique. Static stretching was applied to group A, B and C with 30, 60 and 90 seconds holds, respectively. Stretches were exerted at frequency of th...
Maryyum Khalil1, Hamda Azmat1,*, Noor Khan1, Arshad Javid2, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain3, Asim Ullah1 and Sumaira Abbas1
... hematocrit (HCT) and numbers of lymphocytes were highest in treatment # 1 with the mean values of 1.29×10ˆ12 L-1, 54.9×10ˆ9 L-1, 18% and 48.7×10ˆ9 L-1. Microbial load was also determined inside and outside of fish as highest microbial load was observed in control group fish on both media nutrient agar (NA) and eosin methylene blue (EMB) viz. 1.8×103 and 1.56×10
Saba Rafique1,2,*, Khalid Naeem1, Naila Siddique1, Muhammad Athar Abbas1, Aamer Ali Shah2, Akbar Ali1, Abdul Rahim1 and Farooq Rashid1
...enBank with accession number KU145467. Phylogenetic grouping and maximum nucleotide sequence identity values were used to identify the isolate that looked to be derived from recombination. It showed maximum nucleotide homology 99.5% with ck/CH/LHB/121010 (KP036503), India/IBV572 (KF809797) and Japan/JP/Wakayama-2/2004 (AB363951.2) and 99.3% with 4/91 vaccine (KF377577), Iran/491/08 (HQ842715) and 99.1% with India/NMK/72/VRI/10 (HM748585) and was least related ...
Abul Hassan Faiz*, Fakhar-i-Abbas and Lariab Zahra Faiz
...ted from January to December, 2016 by applying line transect technique in eight types of soil (sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, silt loam, silty clay loam) to determine six soil properties (plant biomass, saturation, electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium) in Pothwar Plateau (250 km long and 100 km wide). We compared 216 soil samples (mound soil and undisturbed soil), to collect data on percentage w...
Haixia Liu, Yuwei Ye, Yang Li, Xiaolin Liu, Dongmei Xiong* and Lixin Wang
...es were found and the number of alleles in each locus ranged from 3 to 8, with an average of 5.4. There were 6 highly polymorphic loci and 4 moderately polymorphic loci. The average expected heterozygosity (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity in four populations ranged from 0.6421-0.6980 and from 0.4841-0.6999. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg were found in the four populations at some loci. An...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1*, Rehmat Ullah1, Asif Nawaz1 and Ejaz Ashraf2 

...dy was carried out in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province during 2014 in order to investigate about the performance of Farm Services Centers in the empowerment of farmers towards the sustainable development. Five districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa such as Mansehra, Dir Lower, Swat, Dera Ismail Khan and Swabi were the sampled districts and 80 farmers registered with Farm Services were randomly selected from each district. Thus, sample s...
Hina Safdar1,*, Nazir Javed1, Sajid Aleem Khan1 and Muhammad Arshad2
...l instar. The maximum number of H. bacteriophora was harvested from 5th larval instar which was 25,786 followed by 17,500, 12,642 and 9,652 from 4th, 3rd and 2nd larval instar, respectively.
...
Naveed Akhtar,1,* Riaz Muhammad2, Kausar Saeed2, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Muzaffar Shah3, Jehan Zeb2, Shahid Ahmad2, Azam Jan Afridi4 and  Aftab Hussain5
...udy was conducted in October 2015 to October 2016 to explore the mammalian fauna of Mahaban and Malka valley of district Buner, KP. The study area was divided into six different localities namely, Shahkot, Shalhodabuna, Sharra, Hanjar, Hkar gata and Muhammad Baig. During this study 10 different species belonging to 9 families, 5 orders and 10 genera of mammalswere identified. The reported species are Naemorhedus goral...
Muhammad Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Ismail Khan1, Qadeem Khan2 and Khalid Khan1
...difference is at base number 116, 137 and 146 respectively. In all the cases “C” residue in MR02 sequence is replaced by “T” residue in MR03 nucleotide sequence. The first change at nucleotide level does not cause any change at amino acid level, while the 2nd, 3rd and 4th substitutions at nucleotide level results an amino acid change. The phylogenetic studies established that the Pakistanian HBV Isolates...
Qin Liu1,2, Feiwei Liu1, Xiuyue Zhang1, Nan Yang1 and Jianghong Ran1,*
...echnology. The allele number of these loci ranged from two to six in genotyped 35 individuals. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.2735 to 0.7717 with an average of 0.5149. Observed and expected heterozygosities at each locus ranged from 0 to 0.879 and 0.332 to 0.814, respectively. These markers could be used to better understand the breeding system and protection manage of this species.
...

Imtiaz Hussain*, Hassnain Shah, M. Azeem Khan, Waqar Akhtar**, Abdul Majid*** and M. Yaqub Mujahid*

Corresponding author:[email protected]

PRODUCTIVITY IN RICE-WHEAT CROP ROTATION OF PUNJAB: AN APPLICATION OF TYPICAL FARM METHODOLOGY
... wheat on 75% along with berseem on 14% of total area during rabi season. Almost 81% rice and more than 50 % wheat is harvested with combine followed by burning of residues that not only create environmental pollution but also affect the productivity of the cropping system. Stagnation in yield of rice and wheat is reported mainly due to uninterrupted sequential rice-wheat cropping which cause low fertility, increased weed problem, more disease and insect invas...

 Nazakat Nawaz, Malik Shah Nawaz*, Nasir M. Cheema** and Mubashir A. Khan*

Corresponding author:[email protected]

ZINC AND IRON APPLICATION TO OPTIMIZE SEED YIELD OF MUSTARD
...ncreased pods plant , number of seeds pod and 1000-seed weight.

...

 Parvez Khaliq*, Muhammad Azim Malik**, M. Aslam Gill*** and
Nasir M. Cheema*

Corresponding author: [email protected]

EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON MAIZE FODDER YIELD UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN
...iomass, plant height, number of leaves per plant and maize fodder yield enhanced, with the application of RF+FYM. However, the effect of FYM+RF and recommended dose of fertilizer was statistically non-significant and on average basis RF+FYM treatment -1 produced higher green fodder (19971.5 kg ha ) than fodder yield of 18349.1 kg -1 ha produced by applying recommended dose of fertilizer. However, green fodder yield produced with these two fertilizer treatments...

 Hidayatullah, T. Mahmood, M. Farooq, M. A. Khokhar and S.I. Hussain*

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AFFECTING SEX EXPRESSION OF BOTTLE GOURD (LAGENARIA SICERARIA MOLINA) PLANTS
... 2000 µmol l ); Gibberrelic Acid (GA 15, 30, 45 3 ; -1 -1 and 60 µmol l ) and Maleic hydrazide (MH; 200, 400, 600 and 800 µmol l ) on sex expression of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Molina) plants cv. Faisalabad Round was investigated under field conditions in National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Plants sprayed with distilled water were considered as control. Among all foliar agents, the response of -l GA3 3 and MH was found ...

 Muhammad Arifullah, Muhammad Munir*, Abid Mahmood**, Saifullah Khan Ajmal and Ghulam Shabbir*

COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOME YIELD ATTRIBUTES IN INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L.)
... best desired SCA for number of primary branches and siliquae per plant. S-9 × Canola Raya for siliqua length, Canola Raya × UCD-8/4 for number of seeds per siliqua, KJ- 119 × BRS-2, BARD-1 × NIFA Raya for 1000-seed weight while cross BRS-2 × UCD-8/4 for seed yield showed good positive SCA, involving at least one of the promising general combiner parents. It was suggested that selection should b...

 Faisal Khalil, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Ammaz Khan, Fakhar-ul-Hassan and Nabila Bibi*

EFFECT OF GIRDLING AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON PRODUCTIVITY IN OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA)
...ulating hormones like gibberellic acid (GA ), salicylic acid (SA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) alone and/ 3 or coupled with girdling operations may improve cropping potential of existing olive varieties in Pakistan. Therefore, this study was envisaged on olive trees to explore possibilities of inducing fruitfulness through the use of hormones and girdling operations under Islamabad conditions. Treatments consisted of control, girdling and spray of gib

 Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Fakhar ul Hassan, Qamar ul Hassan, Usman Shaukat Qureshi, Saman Chughtai and Adnan Saleem*

IMPACT OF CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA ANANASSA) CV. �CHANDLER�
...unner plants of the strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) cv. Chandler were collected from Swat (Mingora.) Different cultivation systems were adapted i.e., standard growing media in polyethylene bags (T ), soil less media (T ), high tunnel (T ), green house (T ), 1 2 3 4 including open field condition on ridges (T ) by keeping plant to plant 5 distance of 30 cm and row to row distance of 60 cm. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects and suitability of differ...

 Muhammad Tariq*, Raja Muhammad Omer**, Muhammad Ashraf Mian*, Obaid Ur Rehman***, Amjad Tahir Virk and Kazim Abbass**

PROMOTING CERTIFIED SEED AVAILABILITY OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L) THROUGH PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND ITS IMPACT ON YIELD IN RAINFED AREAS
...th -2 treatments. The number of fertile tillers m were significantly higher in certified seed source than the farmer's own seed that resulted in significant increase in grain yield. Other yield contributing parameters including number of spikelet per spike, numbers of grains per spike and 1000 grain weight were at par in both seed sources. It was concluded that healthy and pure seed source...

 Gulzar S. Sanghera and Wassem Hussain*

HETEROSIS IN RELATION TO COMBINING ABILITY PER SE PERFORMANCE IN TEMPERATE RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
...all the traits except number of filled grains per panicle. The results revealed that the degree of heterosis varied from trait to trait. All combinations that showed superiority over standard checks for grain yield per plant also showed significant heterosis for majority of other traits. The average proportion of restorers, partial restorers, partial maintainers and maintainers were 16:22:33:27, respectively. The best cross combination for grain yield was SKAU...

 Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai, Saeeda Raza* and Shahzad Arshad Saleem**

MICROBIAL COUNT AND SHELF LIFE OF STRAWBERRY JUICE
... quality factors of strawberry juice during storage. Strawberry was purchased from local market and its juice was kept for two weeks at room temperature to check its shelf life. Total plate count (TPC), pH, flavor, color, yeast and moulds were checked weekly. Quality changes of strawberry juice during storage can be caused both by microbiological and physiological processes. At day 0; pH 3...

 Muhammad Yaqoob*, Rukhsana Anjum, Mumtaz Hussain and Muhammad Jahangir Shah**

GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION IN SOME CHINESE HYBRID RICE UNDER DRY CONDITIONS
...turity, plant height, number of grains per panicle, number of productive tillers, 1000 grain weight and paddy yield were recorded. The results of analysis indicated a high range of genetic variation among various hybrids for plant height, number of grains per panicle, number of productive tillers per plant, 1000 grain weight and paddy yield. The variatio...

 Arshad Ali, Muhammad Arshadullah, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Imdad Ali Mahmood and Badar-uz-Zaman*

RICE PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL HEALTH AS AFFECTED BY WHEAT RESIDUE INCORPORATION ALONG WITH NITROGEN STARTER DOSE UNDER SALT-AFFECTED SOIL
...height, spike length, number of grains -1 spike , 1000-grain weight, straw and paddy yields were recorded. Plant samples collected at maturity were analyzed for K, Ca and Na -1 concentration in grain and straw. Tillering, grains spike , 1000-grain weight and paddy yield significantly (P≤ 0.05) increased with different -1 levels of N doses. Maximum tillers plant (27.66), plant height (138.33 cm), -1 spike length (28.33 cm), and grains spike (175), 1000-grain...

 Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Muhammad Arshadullah, Arshad Ali and Imdad Ali Mahmood*

EFFECT OF BORON NUTRITION ON PADDY YIELD UNDER SALINESODIC SOILS
...height, spike length, number of grains spike , 1000-grain weight, straw and paddy yields were recorded. Na, K, Ca and B concentration in grain and straw were estimated using atomic absorption spectroscopy. -1 Tillering, number of grains spike , 1000- grain weight and paddy yield significantly (P≤0.05) increased at different levels of B. 1000-grain weight -1 -1 (31.7 g) and grain yield was the maximum (5.0 t ha ) at 2 kg B...

 Munir Ahmad* and Asif Ali Mirani**

HEATED AIR DRYING OF GROUNDNUT
.... It is harvested in October-November in Pakistan, when the weather is cold, and it is not possible to dry it down to a safe moisture level by sun drying. Therefore, the chance for developing aflatoxins in it is high. To solve this problem of the groundnut growers, a low cost mobile flat-bed dryer designed and developed at Agricultural and Biological Engineering Institute (ABEI), National Agricultural Research Centre, Islama...

 A.A. Mengal* , M. U. Mallah, Z. A. Mirani* and B. N. Siddiqui**

AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
...sults revealed that a number of farmers received visits from private extension field staff on a fortnightly, monthly and quarterly basis, but not from public extension staff during these periods. When public field staff did visit, the favored method of extension was by exhibition and seminar, which ranked 1st and nd 2 , respectively, based on the mean score for each extension teaching method used. A majority of the farmers received farm visits and field st dem...

 Arshad Ali, Imdad Ali Mahmood, Muhammad Salim, Muhammad Arshadullah* and Abdul Rasool Naseem**

GROWTH AND YIELD OF DIFFERENT BRASSICA GENOTYPES UNDER SALINE SODIC CONDITIONS
...d. Comparatively more number of branches and pods per plant were produced by cultivar Dunkled closely followed by BARD-I while maximum seed yield (241.7 and -1 235.1 kg ha ) was obtained from Dunkled and Sultan Raya, respectively which was statistically at par. However, BRS-II and Rainbow showed significantly more percent oil contents in their seeds but genotype Dunkled showed minimum Na+ and K+ concentration in their tissues. 

...

 Sajida Taj*, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan**, Mazher Abbas and Arshed Bashir***

PRICE SPREAD AND MARKETING MARGINS OF CUT ROSE IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
... revealed that as the number of marketing intermediaries in the marketing channel increases the producers and consumers are least benefitted. Therefore there is need for more vertical integration in the cut roses market. 

...

 Ayesha Tahir* and Zafar Altaf**

DETERMINANTS OF INCOME FROM VEGETABLES PRODUCTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NORMAL AND OFF-SEASON VEGETABLES IN ABBOTTABAD
... growing tomato and cucumber. There was not much fluctuation in the income among the farmers in normal season but the income from off-season vegetable production was almost double. Most of the farmers were not highly educated but many of them had their own land or land rented or shared in with other farmers so they were growing vegetables both in normal season and in off- season. 

...

 Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad, and Ijaz Ashraf**

ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL CONTACT METHODS IN DISSEMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
...the central region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa including Charsadda, Hangu, Kohat, Mardan, Nowshera, Peshawar and Swabi were selected. Data were collected on various aspects of individual contact methods in diffusion of agricultural technologies from 280 randomly selected farmer respondents. Researchers collected the data with the help of a pretested and validated interview schedule using survey technique. The results show that majority of the farmer respondents is a...

 Muhammad Arshadullah, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Arshad Ali and Imdad Ali Mahmood*

CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF SULFUR AND CALCIUM ON WHEAT GROWTH AND YIELD UNDER SALINE-SODIC SOILS
...ght, spike -1 length, number of grains spike , 1000-grain weight, straw and paddy yields were recorded. Potassium (K), Na, Ca, S and Mg concentrations in grain were estimated using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Tillering, -1 grains spike , 1000-grain weight and paddy yield significantly (P≤0.05) enhanced by increasing the rate of gypsum (CaSO ). The maximum 4 -1 number of grains spike (60), 1000-grain weight (47 g) and ...

 Tahir Abbas, Bushra Nawab, Rahila Nazli, Rubina Saleem, Amrat Lal and Khalid Jamil*

EFFICACY OF COTTON WASTE COMPOST AND FERTINEMAKIL FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH PARAMETER OF SUNFLOWER PLANTS
...erms of plant height, number of flowers, diameter of flowers, 1000 grains weight and oil contents. The highest significant improvement in plant growth characters were recorded in plots treated with cotton waste compost and cotton waste compost+ Fertinemakil fertilizer. The Fertinemakil alone showed less significant effect but it is a good source of organic fertilizer.

...

 Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad and Ijaz Ashraf** 

ROLE OF FARMER FIELD SCHOOLS IN ENHANCING SKILLS OF FARMING COMMUNITY IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...the central region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The data were collected through survey method on various aspects from 280 randomly selected farmer respondents. The data collected were analyzed by applying simple descriptive statistics showing means, scores, ranking order and standard deviations. The results show that skills were highly enhanced in st the aspect of nursery raising techniques which was ranked 1 with mean value 3.40 closely followed by timely...

 Muhammad Farooq*, Hidayat Ullah*, Nausherwan Nobel Nawab* and Khalid Mahmood Qureshi**

EVALUATION OF INDIGENOUS TOMATO HYBRIDS UNDER PLASTIC TUNNEL
...-1 check bore maximum number of fruits plant (30.26) and followed by NTT- -1 04-08 and NTT-03-08 bearing 28.68 and 24.16 fruits plant , respectively. The highest mean fruit weight of 170.63 g was recorded in NTT-05-08 while minimum fruit weight (80.90 g) was observed in Sahel (check). Maximum fruit length of 7.89 cm was recorded in Sahel which is oblong in shape while minimum (5.70 cm) in NTT-14-08. Similarly a significant difference was observed among hybrids...

 Sara Khalid*, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*, Ishfaq Ahmad Hafiz*, Khalid Saifullah Khan* and Usman Shaukat Qureshi*

EFFECT OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, FRUIT AND YIELD QUALITY OF STRAWBERRY
...ganic amendments on strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler which included T = planting 1 media -1 (soil + silt + farm yard manure); T = planting media + 400 mgl humic 2 -1 acid; T = planting media + 200 g kg leaf manure; T = planting media + 200 3 4 -1 -1 g kg vermicompost; T = planting media + 200 g kg plant fertilizer and T = 5 6 -1 planting media + 200 g kg bio-compost during 2011-12 at PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi. Treatment T (s...

 Rabeea Tariq*, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*, Imran Hassan*, Muhammad Rasheed* and Usman Shaukat Qureshi*

EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY AND GROWING MEDIA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY
...gn: justify;"> Strawberry (Fragaria ananasa), belonging to Rosaceae family, is a rich source of vitamins and minerals with delicate flavors. It is perishable crop which is exceedingly in demand for its taste, profitability, high yield and good quality. To make the plant growth successful in the container, the requirement of special media is very important step because plant growth is largely depended on the physiochemical properties of the growing media u...

 Md. Nazirul Islam*, A. K. Azad**, Leon O. Namuco***, Teresita H. Borromeo***, Maria Lourdes O. Cedo*** and Edna A. Aguilar***

MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION AND DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF A MAKAPUNO COCONUT POPULATION IN U.P. LOS BANOS
...s from March 2004 to October 2005. Shannon 2 Weaver Diversity Index and Chi-square (÷ ) tests were used to analyze variation in both the qualitative and quantitative characters. Substantial variation in crown shape, bole category, color of young fruit, petiole and inflorescence pigmentation, shape of stem base, fruit characteristics, and leaf structure was observed in the population of 52 palms. Yield of makapuno was estimated as 88%. Simultaneous occur...

 Sadia Tehrim*, M. Yasin Mirza** and G. Mustafa Sajid*

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT GROWTH REGULATORS FOR EFFICIENT PLANT REGENERATION IN GRAPES
...nding increase in the number of shoots and root mass. Additionally, the shoot proliferation response to increasing level of BAP was found genotype dependent. Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) also showed a positive effect on in vitro growth responses (shoot proliferation and root induction) when combined with BAP. The media containing NAA, BAP and kinetin accelerated the growth in terms of shoot mass in two accessions, 4494(1) Kowar Sufaid and 4472(12) Harker Agoon...

 Rashid Mahmood*, Elizabeth Stephen Wagchoure* and Ghulam Sarwar*

INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL DIETS ON APIS MELLIFERA L. COLONIES FOR HONEY PRODUCTION
...alike with respect to number of frames and bees present in them. Honey bee colonies were divided into four groups of four colonies each. The honey extracted from the T (soybean diet), T (gram 1 2 diet), T (maize diet) and T (sugar only) was 21.3 kg ± 0.22, 24.4 kg ± 0.29, 3 4 19.3 kg ± 0.11 and 16 kg ± 0.11 respectively. The honey produced after the treatment of pollen with gram (T ) was significantly better than that 2 produced by ...

 Muhammad Tayyab Mudassar*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Muhammad Naeemullah**, Muhammad Shakeel*, Muhammad Ashfaque*, Asmat un Nisa* and Javed Khan*

ECONOMIC REARING OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (STEPHENS) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) IN INSECTARY
...o produce the maximum number of quality insects with minimum labour and cost. The maintenance cost of 100 Chrysoperla carnea adults was Rs. 192.38 per month, which included the labour cost of Rs. 152.38 and diet cost of Rs. 40. Approximately 4000 eggs per month were obtained from the C. carnea adult culture and the cost per egg was Rs. 0.04. This study also revealed that the diet consumption of 100 C. carnea larvae was 3.617g of Sitotroga cerealella eggs and 1...

 Said Salman*, Shah Jehan Khan*, Javed Khan**, Rehmat Ullah Khan*** and Imran Khan****

GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) ACCESSIONS
...ncentration index and number of spikelet per spike indicating considerable amount of variation among the accessions for each trait. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation estimates were higher for all the traits except chlorophyll concentration index and days to physiological maturity. Highest heritability estimates and expected genetic advance were found for all the traits except chlorophyll concentration index, spike length and num

  Abdul Hassan*, Muhammad Ishaq*, Nisar Ali Shah* and Arshad Farooq*

MILK PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...hern dry mountains of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan by using concept of typical farms. The yield and production of milk gap was estimated in three scenarios. The results showed that the present milk production of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is 2.74 mt with 1579 lit of milk per buffalo per year, 663 lit of milk per cow per year, 95 lit milk per goat per year and 64 lit of milk per sheep per year. The data in comparison to the National ...

 Muhammad Sohail*, Imtiaz Hussain*, Riaz-ud-Din*, Sikandar Khan Tanveer*, Maqsood Qamar* and Syed Haider Abbas*

EVALUATION OF ADVANCE WHEAT LINES FOR AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN RAINFED ENVIRONMENT
...was sown on normal (November 15) and late (December 15) planting times to create variable growing conditions especially during reproductive growth period. The adverse effect of the late planting was significant (P<0.05) on grain yield of the crop. Late planting produced 29% lower grain yield than normal planting. Genotypes also showed significant variation (P<0.05) regarding grain yield production under both normal and...

 Mustaring,* I. Subagyo,** Soebarinoto** and Marsetyo*

 
GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF NEW INTRODUCED BRACHIARIA SPECIES AND LEGUME HERBS AS RUMINANT FEED IN CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA
...plant height, tillage number, dry matter (DM) yield, in vitro digestibility and nutrient contents. Plant height and tillage number were monitored at week 4, 6 and 8 then harvested at week 8. Results revealed that the Brachiaria mutica (8 weeks old) had highest plant height (207 cm), but lowest tillage number (64), crude protein (CP) content (8.64%), in vitro organic matter (OM) digestibili...

 Farman Ullah Shah*, G. Mustafa Sajid** and Sadar Uddin Siddiqui**

EVALUATION OF MULCHING MATERIALS AS INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT COMPONENT IN MAIZE CROP
... and dry weight g m , number of plant plot , -1 stover yield (g), plant height (cm), number of cobs plant , number of leaves -1 -1 plant , average grain number of five cobs and grain yield (t ha ). With the -2 -2 exception of hand weeding, minimum number of weeds 128 m and 164 m were recorded in black plastic and weeds...

 Nazir Ahmad*, Sultan Ayaz*, Sumaira Shams**, Karimullah*** and Riaz Ahmad****

PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGY OF HELMINTH PARASITES OF FISH FROM RIVER SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...was conducted from September, 2012 to August, 2013. A total of 250 fish belonging to five genera and six species were examined. The parasites collected were Diplozoon khyberensis, Bathybothrium rectangulum, Bothriocephalus, Nippotaenia, Cucullanidae, Proteocephalus, Rhabdochona charsaddiensis, Rhabdochona schizothoracis and Neoechynorhynchus devdevi. They were identified by morphological characteristics through microscopic t...

 Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Nouman Badar*

YIELD GAP DETERMINANTS FOR WHEAT PRODUCTION IN MAJOR IRRIGATED CROPPING ZONES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...tion reveals that the number of irrigations, usage of farm yard manure and fertilizers contribute positively and significantly to wheat crop production. Coefficients of dummy variables for cropping zones indicate that farmers in the mixed cropping zone are obtaining better yield of the wheat crop as compared to their counterparts in other selected cropping zones. These results suggested that farmers can increase wheat productivity by increasing the use of fact...

 Sajid Ali*, Quratulain Altaf** and Umar Farooq* 

ACREAGE RESPONSE OF FLUE CURED VIRGINIA TOBACCO IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...roducing districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i.e., Swabi, Mardan, and Charsadda. Data used in the study cover time series data for 1971-2011. The newly developed Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model for cointegration was used to estimate the short-run and long-run elasticities. The study found a long-run price elasticity of 0.33, thereby revealing that FCV acreage response to its own price is relatively inelastic. The short-run acreage response was also lo...

 Frasat Saeed*, Jehanzeb Farooq*, Abid Mahmood**, Tassawar Hussain***, Muhammad Riaz* and Saghir Ahmad****

GENETIC DIVERSITY IN UPLAND COTTON FOR COTTON LEAF CURL VIRUS DISEASE, EARLINESS AND FIBER QUALITY
...rding CLCuD tolerance, fiber quality and some yield contributing traits, 101 cotton genotypes imported from USA were evaluated. Different statistical procedures like cluster, principle components (PC) and correlation analysis were employed to identify the suitable genotypes that can be further exploited in breeding programme. Significant associations were found between yield contributing trait, boll weight and fiber related ...

 Samiullah*, Mehmood Shah*, Kalim Ullah**, Rehmat Ullah*** and Ibrarullah****

PROFITABILITY OF WHEAT PRODUCTION IN DERA ISMAIL KHAN
...Ismail Khan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Pakistan, in the wheat crop season during May-June, 2012. A survey method was employed and 11 villages were selected at random which are the major wheat producing villages in the said district. A total of 50 respondents were probed by personal interview method from the sampled villages. Cost and return (gross return) data from the respondents were analyzed. Farm budgeting technique for estimating cost, gross retur...

 Rashid Minhas*, Iftikhar Ahmad Khan**, Faisal Saeed Awan**, Lal Hussain Akhtar*, Syed Awais Sajid Shah* and M. Shahjhan Bukhari* 

ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND HYBRID IDENTIFICATION IN AMERICAN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) BY PCR BASED RAPD ANALYSIS
...enotypes studied. The number of RAPD markers produced ranged from 4 to 12. Average number of 6.40 bands per primer was observed. On the whole, 87.50% genetic identity was found in material under investigation and it ranged from 68.07% to 96.88%. The polymorphism detected among the genotypes was employed as marker for hybrid identification. Comparing the banding patterns of RAPD of the parents with their particular hybrids, t...

 Muhammad Tahir*, Muhammad Irfan* and Aziz-Ur-Rehman*

EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ZINC ON YIELD AND OIL CONTENTS OF FLAX
...h, fruiting branches, number of capsule plant , -1 number of seed capsule , 1000-seed weight, straw yield, seed yield, and seed oil contents compared to control. Therefore, for producing a higher seed yield and oil contents of flax, it is suggested that 3.00% zinc at bud initiation and after capsule filling stage of flax should be used.

...

 Mian Sabahatullah*, Manzoor Ahmad Mashwani**, Qurratul Ain Tahira* and Mian Inayatullah*

NEW RECORD OF SUBFAMILY CHARMONTINAE (BRACONIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) IN PAKISTAN WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
...ew species raises the number of Charmon species to eight in the world. Species of Charmontinae are larval and pupal endoparasitoids of lepidopterous insect pests and their recorded hosts belong to 16 families of Lepidoptera.

...

 Gul Zamin Khan*, Imtiaz Ali Khan**, Inamullah Khan* and Mian Inayatullah**

OUTDOOR BREEDING OF MOSQUITO SPECIES AND ITS POTENTIAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...rdan and Charsadda of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2012-13 for development of ultimate control strategies of mosquito breeding in outdoor habitats. Larvae were collected from various mosquito breeding habitats such as irrigation channels, irrigation water leakages, pots, vase, tyres, temporary containers stagnant flood waters, etc. Ovitraps were used as monitoring tools in urban areas of the selected sites. Results showed that mosquitoes are active thro...

 ZafarUllah*, Muhammad Azim Malik*, Muhammad Ansar*, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz* and Muhammad Rasheed*

WINTER FORAGE QUALITY OF OATS (AVENA SATIVA), BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE) AND VETCH (VICIA SATIVA) IN PURE STAND AND CEREAL LEGUME MIXTURE
...s of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) reflected quality forage. CP for oats in oats-vetch -1 -1 mixture and barley in barley-vetch mixture was 175 g kg and 170 g kg , -1 respectively. NDF and ADF for oats in oats-vetch mixture were 494 g kg -1 and 341 g kg , respectively; while these values for barley in barley-vetch -1 -1 mixture were 340 g kg and 176 g kg , respectively.

...

 Muhammad Aamir Khan*, Abdul Saboor*, Rauf-i-Azam**, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin* and Fayyaz-ul-Hassan***

IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN PAKISTAN
...bsp;

...

 Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Abdul Razzaq*

EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASSES AND IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON FORAGE QUALITY
...de protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), total ash and ether extract (EE)). The results revealed that there were significant differences in dry matter (DM) among different grasses. DM content of low palatable grasses was generally high (70-75%) as compared to Ipil ipil leaves (45-55%). DM content among mixtures was also variable. For the treatment grass 75% + Ipil ipil 25%, DM range was 65-70%, for grass 50% + Ipil ipil 50%, it was 60-65% and for grass 25% + Ipil ip...

 Sajid Ali* and Abdul Jabbar**

GROWTH AND VARIABILITY IN AREA PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF SELECTED FRUIT CROPS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...ch, pear, and plum in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The study is based on secondary data from 1975-76 to 2011-12 which is further bifurcated into three periods; period-I (from 1975-76 to 1990-91), period-II (from 1991-92 to 2011-12), and period-III (from 1975-76 to 2011-12). Cuddy-Della Valle index has been used for variability analysis. The findings of the study revealed that growth in production of selected fruit remained positive with area under fruit as a m...

 Muhammad Ayub*, Rizwan Maqbool*, Muhammad Tahir*, Zoaib Aslam*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem* and Muhammad Ibrahim**

IMPROVED GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE MILL.) THROUGH SOIL APPLIED NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
... plant height by 44%, number of leaves per plant by 76%, 1000 seed weight by 44%, biological yield by 50%, seed yield by 296%, harvest index by 162% and protein content by 6%. However, fertilizer NP -1 (90:45 kg ha ) decreased oil content by 26%. Therefore, addition of NP fertilizer had the potential to increase fennel seed yield, but reduce oil content, under Faisalabad conditions.

...

 Muhammad Akhter*, Muhammad Azhar Ali**, Zulqarnain Haider* and Shahzad Muzammil***

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHANGES IN GRAINS OF SOME ADVANCE LINES/ VARIETIES OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) AFTER PARBOILING
..., crude protein, crude fiber, vitamin B6; milling quality parameters such as total milling recovery, head rice recovery, ratio of broken grains and cooking quality parameters such as curling, bursting and cooked grain length. The study showed significant variation in efficacy of parboiling to different varieties/lines. The results clearly showed average increase in mineral contents in terms of ash% increase, dry matter, longer cooked grain length and considera...

 Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Abid Hussain*

ECONOMICS OF MILK PRODUCTION OF MAJOR DAIRY BUFFALO BREEDS BY AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES IN PAKISTAN
...ixed cropping zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, coastal zone of Sindh and mountainousAJK. Of these, 155 and 64 were Nili-Ravi and Kundhi buffalo breed farmers, respectively. The study revealed that among the structure of cost components, feed cost occupied the major share in total cost of milk production. Milk production of buffaloes of Nili-Ravi and Kundhi breeds were 2889 and 2375 liter per annum, respectively. Total costs of milk production of Nili...

 Muhammad Asif Jamil*, Nowshad Khan*, FarhatUllah Khan* and Muhammad Zakria*

EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION TO THE FARMING COMMUNITY OF DISTRICT BHIMBER, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
...farming community of Bhimber district of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The convenient sampling as well as multistage sampling method was used to collect the data from the study area. The overall data consists of 150 farmers. The study revealed that respondent's acquaintance with extension staff was very low as only 18.00% of the respondents had personal acquaintance with the extension staff and 12.67% of them knew extension staff through their neighbour, while 38% o...

 Israr Ali*, Naushad Ali*, Riffat Tahira**, Sardar Ali*, Izhar Hussain* and Sher Aslam Khan*

GENETIC DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT IN BRASSICA GERMPLASM BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES
...nt , pod length (cm), number of seed -1 -1 pod , seed yield plant (g), 1000-seed weight (g) and oil content (%), indicates that this genotype is genetically different and superior than the other studied genotype. Therefore, genotype Kalabat can be either used as variety after adaptability trials over a larger area or included in Brassica breeding programmes as a good source of genetic variation. 

...

 Said Salman*, Shah Jehan Khan* and Javed Khan**

HETEROSIS AND HETROBELTIOSIS PERFORMANCE OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT CROSSES UNDER DROUGHT STRESS CONDITIONS
...ted for plant height, number of tillers plant , days to 50% heading, -1 -1 spike length, number of spikelets spike , number of grains spike and 1000-grain weight. Maximum heterosis and heterobeltiosis interactions were noted in Pari-73 x Hashim-08 for 1000-grain weight (29% and 22%), grains per spike (19% and 11%) and spike length (33% and 22%). Promising results were obtained with respect...

 Ibrar Ali*, Abdul Mateen Khattak*, Muhammad Ali* and Kalim Ullah**

PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT TOMATO CULTIVARS UNDER ORGANIC AND INORGANIC REGIMES
...ant survival (93.8%), number of leaves plant -1 -1 (84.1), number of flower inflorescence (5.4), number of fruits inflorescence (4.3), -1 3 -1 number of fruit plant (25.4), fruit size (63.9 cm ), fruit weight plant (9.1 kg) and -1 total yield (22.9 t ha ). However, it was closely followed by cultivar Rio Grande for -1 -1 number

 Quratulain*, Muhammad Aslam**, Muhammad Khalid Rafique*, Mian Atiq Ahmad* and Rashid Mahmood***

POPULATION DYNAMICS OF ROSE APHID MACROSIPHUM ROSAE L. ON DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF ROSA INDICA L. IN PAKISTAN
...start to develop in November and its population decline with decline in temperature in December. While its population started rising again at the end of February. Significantly more aphid populations were observed on Perfecta than other varieties; however, significantly few aphids were observed on Christan Diar. These studies revealed that farmers growing roses on a commercial scale should grow Christan Diar to avoid aphid a...

 Khurram Nawaz Saddozai*, Umme Rubab* and Abass Ullah Jan* 

STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS OF MAIZE FARMERS IN AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR, PAKISTAN
...ooling years and more number of contacts with extension agents were more efficient. Contrarily, age of the farmer and large farm size have inverse relation to technical efficiency of the farmers. This research study concludes that the use of more labor and application of farm yard manure is contributing significantly. It is recommended that the high input prices may be levelled off by the regulatory authorities so that farmers can apply the required crop input...

 Khurram Nawaz Saddozai*, Muhammad Nasrullah* and Noor P. Khan** 

STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION ANALYSIS OF TOBACCO GROWERS IN DISTRICT MARDAN, PAKISTAN
...l, Mardan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The multi-stage sampling technique was utilized to obtain the desired sample size of 120 tobacco growers. The major findings of stochastic production frontier analysis indicate that all variables were statistically significant and have portrayed positive contribution to tobacco production except fertilizer which was found significant but has revealed inverse relation with tobacco production. The mean technical...

 Imran*, Shaheeda Naveed**, Asad Ali Khan* and Inayat Khattak* 

IMPACT OF PHOSPHORUS LEVELS AND SEED RATES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF LATE SOWN MAIZE ON HIGH ELEVATION IN SWAT, PAKISTAN
...ate sown maize cv. 2 5 Baber on high elevation during kharif season, was conducted at Farmer Field School, Swat, Pakistan during summer 2012. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having three replications. Sowing was done one month late (July 15) than the optimum time of sowing. Optimum time of sowing on high elevation in Swat, Pakistan starts from May 15 to June 15. Four -1 -1 levels of P O (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg ha ) and four seed ra...

 Anwar Hussain* and Muhammad Rahman**

ROLE OF TRAININGS ON FARMERS' PROFITABILITY OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA
...ted in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to show the impact of training on farmers' profitability in medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in mountainous areas of district Swat. A convenient sample of 100 respondents, engaged in MAPs in Chail Valley Madyan was taken. Information about revenue from MAPs, marketing, prices and quantities was collected through a structured questionnaire. The respondents were given training under Swiss Development Cooperation Proje...

 Ahmed Fatima*

INCIDENCE OF POVERTY AND THE ROLE OF NON-FARM ACTIVITIES
...dh, rice other Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan) were calculated for farming and non-farming households. The indices of poverty were also measured for households that only did farming, undertook farming and non-farm activities and those that did no farming in the various agro-climatic zones. Finally, incidence and severity of poverty as well as the spread of income among the poor for non-farm wage earners, farm wage earners, non-farm self-employed and...

 Doulat Baig*, Fida Mohammad Abbasi*, Habib Ahmed*, Maqsood Qamar** and Muhammad Ayub Khan**

RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL TRAITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
...sults showed that the number of achene head , 100-achene weight and achene yield increased with increased N application. The increased levels of N -1 also enhanced the achene yield. The maximum achene yield (3170.8 kg ha ) was -1 -1 recorded at 180 kg N ha followed by 240 kg N ha . Minimum achene yield (2115 kg -1 ha ) was observed in control treatment (N ). Polynomial regression line showed 0 -1 that the rate of yield increase was higher up to 180 kg N ha and...

Salar Khan Yousafzai*, Shah Masaud Khan*, Khalil ur Rehman**, Junaid Khan*, Sher Aslam Khan*, Ijaz Hussain* and Ishrat Naz***

RESPONSE OF TOMATO CULTIVARS TO DIFFERENT ORGANIC FERTILIZERS UNDER AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF MINGORA, SWAT
... Grand showed maximum number of plant survival percentage (98.33%), days to flowering -1 -1 (40.73), number of flowers plant (6.23), number of fruit plant (25.67), fruit -1 3 weight (8.84 kg), number of leaves plant (83.66), fruit size (64.70 cm ) and total -1 yield (25.67 t ha ) in Farm Yard Manure (FYM). Considering the overall performance, it was foun...

 Hafiz Saqib Habib*, Arshad Mahmood Malik*, Abid Ali** and Muhammad Aamir Khan***

SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD FOOD EXPENDITURES IN RAWALPINDI
...of household head and number of earners variables have significant impact on households' food expenditures. The qualification of household head, age and gender were insignificant regarding impacts on households' food expenditures. All the socioeconomic factors were positively elastic regarding food expenditures except marital status variable. Engels law analysis regarding necessities such as food items was confirmed by the food expenditures value of 0.20. The ...

 S. Talat Gilani*, Shahid Hameed* and Hussain Shah* 

OCCURANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF POTY VIRUSES INFECTING GARLIC IN PAKISTAN
...b and 40 locations of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa to determine the prevalence of Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus (OYDV) and Leek Yellow Stripe Virus (LYSV). Serological testing DAS-ELISA technique was used to test the samples collected from the farmer fields. Based on the DAS-ELISA poty viruses OYDV and LYSV were detected from both provinces although the percentage incidence varied from location to location. Few areas of district Punjab were found free of LYSV but OYDV was pr...

 Muhammad Farrukh Saleem*, Munir Ahmad*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza** and Abdul Shakoor*

EFFECT OF TOPPING UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS ON EARLINESS AND YIELD OF COTTON
...s related parameters. Number of sympodial branches was significantly affected by topping only; with maximum values recorded in no topping closely followed by topping at 150 cm height. Values showed that 90 cm tall plants -1 produced maximum seed cotton yield when supplied with 150 kg N ha ; 120 cm tall -1 plants gave maximum seed cotton with 200 kg N ha while 150 cm tall cotton plants -1 needed 250 kg N ha for highest seed cotton production. In conclusion, cot...

 Tasawar Sultana*, Farah Deeba* and S.M. Saqlan Naqvi*

HIGH-THROUGHPUT AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF MEDICAGO TRUNCATULA IN COMPARISON TO TWO EXPRESSION VECTORS
... (pCOsRGLP1). A lower number of explants generated hygromycin resistant plantlet for instance, 18.3 with pGOsRGLP1 vector as compared to 35.5% with pCOsRGLP1 vector. Transformation efficiency of PCR positive plants generated was 9.4% for pGOsRGLP1 while 21.6% for pCOsRGLP1. Furthermore 24.4% of explants -1 generated antibiotic resistant plantlet on 20 mgl of hygromycin which was -1 higher than on 15mgl of hygromycin such as 12.2%. T progeny analysis 1 indicate...

 Muhammad Tahir* and Nawal Zafar* 

FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF RABI CEREALS SOWN ALONE AND IN BLENDED POPULATION AT VARIABLE SEED RATIOS
...raits. -1 The maximum number of tillers, number of leaves plant , leaf area, crop growth -1 -1 rate, fresh weight plant , dry weight plant , green forage yield and dry matter yield were obtained in plots where barley was sown alone at 100% seed ratio. The highest crude fiber and total ash percentage was observed in plots where oat was sown alone at 100% seed ratio and crude protein percent...

 Muhammad Mansoor*, Noman Latif*, Zafar Islam**, Sher Muhammad**, Amanullah* and Muhammad Umair***

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON SOIL CAPPING IN MUNGBEAN PRODUCTION USING CENTRAL PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN CLAYEY SOILS
...at parameters such as number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of grains per pod, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield were significantly affected by different soil amendments at P>0.05, except for number of clusters per plant. -1 -1 Maximum of 6.2 branches plant , 62.6 pods plant , 8.3cm pod length, 8.9 grains -1 pod ,...

 Muneeb Zafar*, Tahir Mehmood**, Irfan Ahmad Baig**, Abdul Saboor** Mazher Abbas***, Shumaila Sadiq** and Khalid Mahmood****

ANALYTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF NON-OPTIMAL USE OF PESTICIDES AND HEALTH HAZARDS FOR VEGETABLE PICKERS
... the study area i.e., number of pesticide applications for vegetables (7-31) were substantially higher than the recommended dose. Health cost function was significantly different from zero as 2 indicated by F-stat (32.18) and it is also supported by R that about 70% variation in health cost is explained by medication accompanied by productivity loss (Rs. 223), precautionary measure (Rs. 134), attended person cost (Rs. 14) and traveling expenditures (Rs. 16). H...

Abdul Hameed Solangi*, Fateh Khan Nizamani*, Aqeel Ahmed Siddiqui*, Muzaffar Ali Khan**, Parwaiz Ahmed Baloch*, Riazuddin* and Khalil Ahmed Solangi***

FIELD COMPARISON AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF GUAR (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA L. TAUB.) GENOTYPES UNDER AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN
...ults showed that high number of branches on Acc. Nos. 4, 10 and 11 as compared to Acc. Nos. 2 and 11 accessions, cluster/plant was high in Acc. No.3, 4, 5 and 6 genotypes as compared to Acc. Nos. 7, 10, 11 and 12 accessions whereas, nonsignificant difference was found in Acc. Nos. 1, 2, 8 and 9. However, pods/cluster was high in Acc. No. 8 as compared to all genotypes and pods length maximum (8.70, 7.88 and 7.86 cm) was high in Acc.No.8, 9 and 3, respectively ...

 Sidra Majeed*, Mubbashira Nazir*, Sumia Bint Zaman * and Waqas Farooq*

POTENTIAL OF SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN: A REVIEW
...rent sites of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and Sindh have revealed encouraging results.

...

 Abdul Razaq*, Muhammad Jamal Khan*, Tahir Sarwar* and Mohammad Jamal Khan**

EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION, SOWING METHODS AND MULCHING ON WHEAT YIELD AND NITROGEN UPTAKE
...ation produced higher number of tillers m (415), grain yield (5.13 t ha ), biological yield (12.02 t ha ) and total nitrogen uptake (141.7 kg ha ) as compared to the traditional flat bed. Similarly, mulch plots resulted in higher tillers m (404) wheat grain yield (4.94 t ha ), biological yield (11.94 t ha ) and total nitrogen uptake (137.6 kg ha ) than flat bed. In deficit irrigation, maximum tillers m (412), wheat yield (5.20 t ha ), biological yield (11.98 t...

 Shahid Iqbal Khattak*, Muhammad Amjad Nadim**, Mohammad Safdar Baloch**, Kashif Waseem** and Muhammad Sohail***

IMPACT OF VARIABLE SEEDING DATES ON CEREALS' PERFORMANCE UNDER AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF DERA ISMAIL KHAN
...ferent sowing dates (October 15, November 1 & 15, December 1 & 15 and January 1) were kept in subplot. The experiment was replicated four times with a sub-plot size of 5 m × 1.8 m (9 m ). Sowing of barley took minimum time to 50 % heading (99.08 days) which led the same towards earlier maturity (131.21 days) while oat crop showed prolonged maturity (147.67 days). Regarding yi...

 Syed Waqar Shah* and Muhammad Ather Rafi*

PIERID (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) PESTS AND THEIR NEW CRUCIFERS HOSTS IN POTHWAR REGION OF PAKISTAN
...during January 2012-December 2013 to find out the pierids pests on cultivated and non-cultivated cruciferous plants, the known cultivated hosts such as , , ,, var. and were attacked by , and . Among above reported Pieridae species is reported for the first time however, is also a new record from districts Rawalpindi and Chakwal and from Jhelum, Rawalpindi and Chakwal. However, the non-cultivated host plants in the region were , , and . Among noncultivated host...

 Muhammad Bilal*, Zafar Abbas*, Ijaz Ahmad**, Muhammad Aslam*, Muhammad Ijaz****, Adnan Shakeel***, Mushtaq Ahmad*** and Kashif Bashir*****

RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT COTTON ( L.) GENOTYPES AT VARIOUS SALINITY LEVELS
... other varieties. The number of bolls per plant also showed the similar fashion to salinity stress for all varieties. Maximum average weight of cotton boll was recorded in control practice as compared to salinity gradient treatments. Sodium (Na ), Potassium (K ) and Chloride (Cl ) contents in leaf sap were present more in salinity gradient treatment cotton genotypes as compared to farmer practice. Overall, findings revealed that higher to lower salinity levels...

 Muhammad Tahir* and Neelam Yasin*

EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTS FOLIAR APPLICATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF MAIZE
...t height, cob length, number of grains rows cob , cob weight, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, grain protein and grain oil contents. However, micronutrients application at stem elongation stage showed non-significant effect on plant papulation and number of cobs plant . Therefore, for attaining maximum yield of maize, it is suggested that 250 ml ha at stem elongation stage of maize should be u...

 Arshia Naeem*, Maria Anjum*, Mariam Rehman*, Zahid Mahmood** and Muhammad Asif Kamran**

AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM TO FACILITATE FARMERS IN WHEAT, SUGARCANE AND OTHER CROP DISEASES IDENTIFICATION
...services due to large number of farmers and their huge spread throughout the country.

...

 Raza Ullah*, Mariam Rehman*, Maria Anjum*, Muhammad Asif
Kamran**, Khuda Bakhsh***, Abdul Saboor****

NAVIGATING FARMING RISKS BY SIMULTANEOUS DIVERSIFICATION AND CREDIT THROUGH FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
...rom four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Bivariate and multinomial probit models take into account the possibility of simultaneous adoption of the two risk management tools at the same time. The decisions to adopt diversification and agricultural credit for risk management are correlated and adopting one risk management tool may make it more likely to adopt the other tool at the same time. Moreover, access to formal sources of information...

 Nusrat Habib*

RELATIVE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SUNFLOWER IN DISTRICT SWABI AND MARDAN
... oil crops growing in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It was introduced in the province during 1976 but commercially adopted by a large number of farmers only by 1990's. Sunflower cultivation trend kept on increasing from the year 1990 to 1999. Since then a continuous decreasing trend in adoption of sunflower has been observed. The present research work was planned to estimate the relative cost effectiveness of sunflower with competing ...

 

ROLE OF HONEY BEES FORAGING ACTIVITIES IN INCREASED FRUIT SETTING AND PRODUCTION OF APPLES APIS MELLIFERA MALUS DOMESTICA

...oraging activities on number of apple fruits per panicle and enhancement of apple weight. Apple Ameri trees were applied with natural pollination (T ) , pollination by honey bees only (T ), natural pollination augmented with honey bees (T ) and no pollination (T ,control). There was a significant increase in the apple fruit setting and weight gain in pollinated plants compared to non-pollinated plants. Maximum number of frui...

 Ehsanullah*, Muhammad Amjad Shahzad*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Ali Zohaib*, Muhammad Ishfaq* and Ejaz Ahmad Warraich*

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOWING METHODS AND PLANTING DENSITIES ON GROWTH, YIELD, FIBER QUALITY AND ECONOMIC EFFICACY OF COTTON
...lant height (152 cm), number of monopodial branches (4.7) and sympodial branches (22.6) per plant, number of unopened (9.4) and opened bolls (41.1) per plant, and average boll weight (3.0 g) of cotton. However, highest seed cotton yield (2944.5 kg ha ) was obtained by flat sowing on 25 cm apart rows owing to highest planting density per unit area. Maximum ginning out turn (GOT) (41.6%) was noticed in pit planting of cotton, ...

 Tassadduq Rasool*, Ali Zohaib*, Ehsanullah*, Riaz Ahmad*, Tasawer Abbas*, Tahira Tabassum*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem*, Mahmood-ul-Hassan*

FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY IN PEARL MILLET-SESBANIA INTERCROPPING SYSTEM UNDER VARIOUS GEOMETRICAL PATTERNS
..., leaf area (42%) and number of leaves (16%) of pearl millet was occurred by intercropping sesbania in 45 cm apart two-row strips of pearl millet, as compared to sole cropping of pearl millet. Total green forage yield (60%) was increased by sesbania intercropping over sole-cropping of pearl millet and the intercropping of sesbania in 45 cm apart two-row strips of pearl millet was most beneficial. Intercropping improved quality of fodder mixture, compared to so...

Muhammad Nawaz*, Anwar Javaid Wahla*, Muhammad Saleem Kashif*, Masood Qadir Waqar**, Muhammad Anjum Ali*** and Asim Raza Chadhar****

EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS NITROGEN LEVELS ON THE YIELD OF RICE GRAIN IN SHEIKHUPURA, PAKISTAN
...ly from each other in number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and paddy yield during all the years of experimentation. Application of nitrogen at 255 kg ha was the most suitable level of nitrogen for both the cultivars. The performance of KSK-133 was better than KS-282 at all levels of N during all the years. In conclusion, to attain higher yields of coarse rice, KSK-133 should be grown and the nitrogen should be applied at 255 kg ha under agroecological...

 Syed Haider Abbas*, Ayesha Tahir**, Muhammad Asim***, Muhammad Sohail* and Riaz-ud-Din*

PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF WHEAT PAK-13 AT DIFFERENT SEEDING DENSITIES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...hyll contents (49.5), number of tillers/m (240), biological yield (7125 kg/ha), and grain yield (2660 kg/ha) were achieved at seeding density 100 kg/ha and was significantly different among various levels of seeding density. Again, the profitability analysis show the maximum gross margin (Rs. 98920/ha) and BCR (3.44) at 100 kg/ha seeding density level.

...

Sher Muhammad , Ijaz Ashraf*, Amir Khatam**, and Naima
Nawaz*** 

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES OF MODEL FARM SERVICES CENTERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...l the 24 districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) to lead farming communities towards sustainable agriculture by putting emphasis on the delivery of demand-based services through their active involvement. This improved situation regarding availability of agricultural inputs and good decision making may result in active participation by farmers in farm related activities. The present paper focuses on farmers' participation in various activities of MFSCs as influen...

 Nasarullah*, Raiz uddin*, Fakhar Uddin* and Muhammad Jamal*

INTERPRETING WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR GRAIN YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT REGIMES OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...kistan) and Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, during wheat crop season 2011-2012 using RCB design with three replications. The genetic material was comprised of 9 nationally released cultivars, three advance line from Tajikistan, one from China and two locally grown cultivars. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, locations and genotype by environment interactions for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), spike ...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Farkhanda Khan2, Muhammad Kashan3, Qadir Ullah4 and Abdur Rauf5
...encies, lint yield and fiber quality in wheat-cotton system. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during 2014, 2015 and 2016 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan to explore N management practices for ZT cotton grown into standing wheat straw. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications. Results showed that cotton lint yield and fiber quality was good du...

Samina Ashraf1*, Ghulam Haider2 and Maimoona Ashraf

...tudy the phenomena. A number of 05 women with disabilities who had physical disability or sensory impairment (visual and hearing) were purposively selected as the participants of the study. The age of participants was between 25 to 40 years and they had past experience of any type of abuse of violence, and were cognitively normal to respond interview. At first we identified the participants with the help of survey. A series of detailed and in- depth interview ...
Selçuk Kaplan1,* and Sertaç Atalay2
...deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05) relative to LEP and IGF1 genotypes.
...

Mohammad Nazeer* and Safdar Hussain Shah 

...genous goat breeds of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The breeds selected for this study were namely Damani, Surguli, Kaghani and Gaddi. Data was collected from two districts to the south (Dera Ismail Khan and Kohat) and two districts to the north (Kaghan and Naran) of KP province. Total number of 120 goat specimen (30 per breed) was selected for this study from random locations. A pretested questionnaire was u...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Muhammad Kashif Prince1, Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*, Mian Saeed Sarwar2, Hazrat Ali2, Tahir Usman2, Asadullah Khan2, Siffat Ullah Khan3 and Shahid Zaman5
...nd Kohat) of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) to determine the prevalence and risk factors responsible for the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in lambs and has been known to cause human infection. Three hundred and sixty fecal samples (n=360) were collected through convenient sampling from apparently healthy lambs and were examined using the modified Ziehl Neelsen acid fast staining. Prevalence was calculated along with different risk factors associated ...
Muhammad Zameer Kayani1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Muhammad Arshad Hussain3
...able cultivation of cucumber is seriously threatened by root-knot nematodes. As the damaging effects of Meloidogyne incognita have not been assessed on cucumber, therefore, the present studies report the effects of five initial population densities of M. incognita on growth and yield of cucumber and nematode reproduction. All inoculum densities caused significant reductions i...

Irfan Ullah, Shahid Ali*, Muhammad Fayaz and Abbas Ullah Jan 

...n district Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data from 120 respondents was collected through multistage random sampling technique. Stochastic frontier cost function of Cobb- Douglas type was used for the estimation of allocative efficiency. The function was estimated using Maximum Likelihood estimation technique. Results revealed that the mean allocative efficiency of broiler farms was 0.84; implies that an average farm could have used 16% less inputs f...
 Nazia Qamar1, Sher Khan Panhwar1,* and Ralf Riedel2,*
...v>Port landing of Scomberoides commersonnianus and S. tol were obtained between July 2013 and June 2015 for stomach content analysis. Analysis of prey composition was done using permutational analysis of variance (permanova), with species, life stage (juvenile and adults), gender, and weather (rainy and dry season) as factors. Patterns of empty stomachs were investigated to estimate feeding intensity. Feeding intensity was estimated with logistic...
Ali Murad Rahoo1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2, Ali Murad Jakhar3, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo3
...(P< 0.001) greater numbers of nematodes (predominantly IJ) were recovered from the cadavers of T. molitor that had been inoculated with S. feltiae than H. bacteriophora. The inoculum dose also had an influence on the numbers of nematodes recovered. There were significantly greater numbers of S. feltiae in the 50 and 500 IJ treatments than the 10 IJ dose. On t...
Saba Parveen Samo1, Moolchand Malhi1,*, Javed Gadahi2, Yan Lei3, Allah Bux Kaciwal1 and Saeed Ahmed Soomro1
...protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF) increased (P < 0.05) by 13.71, 12.02 and 4.78% at week 3 and by 11.11, 11.8 and 3.46 % at week 6 in B compared to A. Among carcass characteristics the carcass dressing % (52.99 ± 0.77 vs 49.41 ± 0.6 ) and leg weight (kg) (1.28 ± 0.06 vs 1.05 ± 0.04) increased (P < 0.05) in B compared to A. The physico-chemical properties of meat were not significantly different between the groups except fat co...
Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska1,*, Magdalena Skibicka1, Barbara Cioch-Szklarz1, Jolanta Karakulska2, Karol Fijałkowski2 and Sonia Hiller3
... level of the average number of micro-organisms (11-50 CFU) or high (> 50 CFU), which negatively affected the health of the calves. However, in cold rearing there was recorded absence or presence of microorganisms in the nasal cavity in a small amount (<10 CFU).
...
Ali Haider Saleem1,*, Khalid Javed2, Masroor Ellahi Babar3, Tanveer Hussain3, Asad Ali2, Afzal Ali2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Zahid Farooq1 and Muhammad Dawood2
...functions like growth, puberty, reproduction and milk production in both animals and humans. The sequence variations have been studied, reported and associated with many growth traits like weaning weight, six month body weight and nine-month body weight etc. in cattle, buffalo, goat and sheep worldwide. LEP gene polymorphism and associations have not been extensively reported in Lohi sheep of Pakistan, so this study aimed to find any variations in gene sequenc...
Shireen Ihsan Izzaddeen1 and Ali Kaygısız2,*
... evaluation score and number of days with diarrhea (P<0.05). The calf’s serum total cholesterol, glucose, AST, GGT, creatinine, phosphor, calcium, insulin, total T3, total T4, albumin, GH and globulin concentrations did not differ between the groups (P>0.05). Essential laurel oil containing whole milk, on the other hand, lowered serum triglyceride concentration (P<0.05). Altogether these results suggested that the consumption of laurel essential...

Amjad Ali1, Rajan Shrestha2, Ghaffar Ali1, Irfan Ullah1 and Salman Khan1 

...n district D.I. Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. To realize the objectives of the study, primary data was collected from 76 sugarcane growers through a well-designed interview schedule. Debartin formula was used to calculate net return, while a Cobb-Douglas type production function (double log form) was employed to estimate sugarcane yield and its determinants in study area. The results revealed that per acre net return after subtracting total cost from gross revenue...

Amjad Ali1, Rajan Shrestha2, Ghaffar Ali1, Irfan Ullah1 and Salman Khan1 

...n district D.I. Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. To realize the objectives of the study, primary data was collected from 76 sugarcane growers through a well-designed interview schedule. Debartin formula was used to calculate net return, while a Cobb-Douglas type production function (double log form) was employed to estimate sugarcane yield and its determinants in study area. The results revealed that per acre net return after subtracting total cost from gross revenue...

Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Abdul Malik2*, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak2, Naveedullah1, Naeem Ijaz3 and Ishaq Ahmad4 

...arak during June to November, 2009 with the objectives to assess the changes in groundwater table depths due to withdrawal and the water quality parameters and to find the effect of small dams on recharge of ground water aquifer. Water table depths data from the ground surface, discharge of the wells, water quality parameters such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Electrical Conductivity (ECw) were determined. Suitability of groundwater for irrigation purpo...
Abid Hussain1,*, Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad2, Muhammad Hussan Mushtaq2, Mamoona Chaudhry2, Muhammad Sarwar Khan2, Michael Reichel3, Tanveer Hussain4, Amjad Khan2, MuhammadNisar2 and Imtiaz Ahmad Khan5
...districts Lahore and Bhimber Azad Kashmir Pakistan. Total sample size for this survey was consisted of 1,036 lactating buffaloes. The screening of lactating buffaloes was performed with the California Mastitis Test. The overall prevalence of mastitis was recorded at 49%. Among mastitis cases the prevalence of clinical mastitis was 10.2% (106/1036 animals) as a whole. However, the prevalence of clinical mastitis in district Lahore was 11.8% (71/598 animals) whe...
Yan Li1, Kai Zhan1,*, Junying Li1, Wei Liu1, Ruiyu Ma1, Shengnan Liu1, Tao Han2, Shaoquan Li2, Shaolin Wang2 and Yang Hu2
...dge chickens. A total number of 360 fast feathering Huainan partridge hens and 40 roosters were randomly divided into two equal groups. For NM, 4 mating cages were maintained each with 5 roosters and 45 laying hens. The other birds were reared in 3-layer complete ladder cages for AI, for which 180 hens were maintained in 60 cages with 3 hens/cage and 20 roosters in 20 cages. Laying performances, mortality, egg quality characteristics and welfare level of birds...
Lili Zhang, Yuanxiao Wang, Yili Kong, Hussain Ahmad, Rui Yan, Li Dong, Jingfei Zhang and Tian Wang*
...eat quality and muscle fiber composition in pigs. Sixteen piglets with normal birth weight (NBW, body weight (BW) = 1.71 ± 0.04 kg) and sixteen piglets of low body weight with IUGR (BW = 0.93 ± 0.03 kg) at birth were procured. Blood samples were collected at 28, 66, and 160 days of age from both groups. Longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected from four selected pigs at 160 days of age. Body weight, ADG and ADFI were decreased signi...
Ahmad Farooq1, Usman Waheed2,3, Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3, Abdul Rauf4, Abida Arshad5, and Muhammad Arshad1,*
...d from June – December 2016, at the Thalassaemia Centre, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad and the Pakistan Thalassaemia Centre, Pakistan Baitul Mal, Islamabad, Pakistan. Data were obtained by clinical testing of 1,440 ß thalassaemia major patients visiting for blood transfusions at regular intervals. The confirmatory screening for HBV and HCV was performed through Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (CLIA). Of the total 1,440 pati...
Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar*1, Amir Shakeel1, Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar2, Sumaira Zareen2, Syeda Sana Aamir4 and Muhammad Asadullah4
...ontributing traits and fiber quality parameters. Six lines, viz., VH-259, IUB-222, CRS-456, AA-703, KZ-191, PB-39 and four testers PB-39, CIM-608, BH-163 and PB-900 were crossed in line × tester crossing fashion to develop 20 F1 hybrids. Analysis of variance displayed significant differences among parents and hybrids indicating the presence of genetic variability except fiber fineness. δ2GCA...

Muhammad Suleman Bacha1*, Mohammad Nafees1 and Syed Adnan2
 

...e in district Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Additionally, vulnerability matrix was used to identify livelihood resources that are vulnerable to climate change induced hazards. Results showed that primarily deforestation and pollution contributed more to the perceived causes of climate change which resulted frequent and sever floods or droughts and reduction in agricultural productivity and poor farm householders with low farm holdings are more exposed...
Naimat Ullah1,3,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Avais1, Nisar Ahmad2, Sana Ullah3, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Khalid Mehmood5, Mumtaz Ali Khan1 and Ikramul Haq1
...mail Khan of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan and screened through blood microscopy. The current study revealed an overall prevalence of ovine theileriosis as 27.5%, 13% and 19.5% in districts of Dera Ismail Khan, Tank and Bannu, respectively. Sex, tick infestation, animal keeping conditions, herd size, season and feeding pattern were observed as significant factors associated with the disease occurrence. On the other hand, the effect of age and breed on t...
Muhammad Arshad,1* Sajjad Ahmad1, Muhammad Sufyan1, Zain-ul Abdin1 and Sumaira Maqsood2
...ping (brassica, alfalfa, berseem and garlic) and wheat monoculture. Results showed that the first aphid was seen in the last week of January while the predator population was first recorded during the first week of March. Aphid population was maximum on wheat monoculture when 130 specimens were recorded per tiller. Among strip cropping garlic showed maximum population (113 per tiller) followed by brassica (105), berseem (98)...
Abdul Majid Ujjal2, Sharmin Akter1* and Suman Paul1 
...ylhet district. From October, 2015 to September, 2017 a total of 1057 cases of buffalo diseases were recorded in the hospital record books. Among all diseases, the overall hospital prevalence of Helminthiasis in buffalo was highest (22.32%) followed by FMD (20.71%; 95% CI: 18.38%-23.27%) and HS (10.78%; 95% CI: 9.06%-12.80%). Prevalence of FMD was found significantly higher in Jaintapur (26.75%) than rest two Upazilas. Highe...

Hamza Khan1, Safdar Ali1, Ijaz Ahmad*2, Ihsanullah Khan3, Shujaat Hussain1, Bashir Ahmad Khan4 and Muhammad Suhaib5  

...etion, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, plant height, head diameter, days to maturity, 100 seed weight, number of seeds per head and seed yield per hectare. Quality parameters were consisted upon oil content (%), protein content (%) and Fatty acid profile. Results showed that SMH-1001 and SMH-1215 hybrids performed best for yield and quality parameters, whereas, SMH-1006 and SMH-0909 were considered best for early ...
Lotta Wahldén1, 3, Ulf Emanuelson1, Torsten Møller2 and Jonas Johansson Wensman1*
...s. Based on a limited number of animals, live attenuated vaccines have been suggested to provide protective immunity in the African wild dog; however, their use has been hampered by the fear of vaccine-induced disease. Kolmården Wildlife Park in Sweden has used a live attenuated vaccine without any apparent cases of vaccine-induced disease, but no studies to evaluate immune response after vaccination have been performed. The objective of this study ...

Muhammad Suhaib1, Ijaz Ahmad2*, Masooma Munir3, Muhammad Bilal Iqbal4 , Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 and Safdar Ali6 

...chlorophyll contents, number of tillers and K+/Na+ ratio in both genotypes but the application of salicylic acid improve all the mentioned parameters significantly. The treatment effect of 0.25 mM salicylic acid was more effective under both levels of salt stress as compared to 50 mM salicylic acid treatment. Genotypic differences were non-significant but cumulatively Punjab-2011 showed better performance as compared to Faisalabad-2008. 

...
Muzafar Shah1,*, Mazhar Ali2, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Shabir Ahmad2, Khushi Muhammad3, Israr Alam1, Kausar Saeed1
...und in the month of November, 24 out of 67 (35.82%) and less cases were noted in the month of May which are 12 out of 106 (11.32%). Incidence of the cases were found in U.C Kota with 60 positive (26.08%) out of 230 blood samples and low prevalence in U.C Ghalaigai with 42 positive (13.12%) out of 320 samples. Gender wise prevalence of malaria disease shows male 106 (27.53%) out of 385 whereas female 98 (16.01%) out of 612. 
...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1,*, Ghulam Murtaza1, Farid Asif Shaheen2 , Fatima Zafar1
....
...
Archana Naithani, Pongthep Suwanwaree* and Bartosz Nadolski
...count method during November 2016 to April 2017 in the campus of Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima province, resulted in the identification of 94 bird species belonging to 12 orders and 35 families. Altogether 3,328 individuals were observed. Out of 35 Families, Sturnidae and Sylviidae hadthe highest number of species (5 species each).Six simple dietary guilds were observed during the present study; the m...
Jehangir Khan1,*, Rasheedullah1, Bakht Tarin Khan2, Ayaz Ahmad3, Muhammad Salman4 and Khalid Khan5
... in District Shangla, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). Blood samples from 900 individuals of various age groups were collected (August to November 2013) from patients at clinics, houses and pharmacies belonging to three Tehsils (Puran, Alpuri and Besham) of district Shangla. The Immuno-chromatographic (ICT) and enzyme linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) techniques were applied for the presence of anti-HCV, while RT-PCR was used for ...

Najeeb Ullah1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Niamat Ullah Khan2*, Muhammad Safdar Baloch1 and Ejaz Ahmad Khan

...e regimes on yield and fiber characteristics of two cotton genotypes. The experiment was laid out in split-plot within a randomized complete block design with three replications. Four irrigation intervals namely I1 (10 days interval), I2 (15 days interval), I3 (20 days interval) and I4 (25 days interval) were allotted to main plots while cotton genotypes (CIM-602 and CIM-616) were assigned to subplots having 10 m×3 m. Results revealed that cotton crop ir...

Nihal Ahmad Hadi, Shahid Ali* and Umer Wahid

 

...in district Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 150 broiler farmers. A well-structured interview schedule was used with both close and open-ended questions. Data from broiler farmers were collected during April and May 2016. Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) technique was used for estimation of stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas type production function. Results indicated the mean technical eff...
Leila A. Kaimbayeva1,*, Elena S. Malysheva2, Rashit Kazikhanov3 and Saule R. Kazikhanova4
... isolation of muscular fibers and were evaluated for the pH, water-binding power, activities of tissue enzymes and microstructure changes. The results of chemical analysis revealed the nature of protein substances, altered рН value of the meat and the intensity of glycolysis. All these parameters were indicative of autolysis process in the meat. The levels of water-binding capacity and structural-mechanical properties of red deer meat that occurred...
Amna Kausar1,2, Sana Anwar1, Naila Siddique2, Safia Ahmed1 and Javid Iqbal Dasti1,*
...tan. During January-December 2013, in total 700 samples were collected from different species of non-vaccinated birds inhabiting diverse ecological zones of Pakistan. Altogether, 507 tissue and swab samples were screened for the presence of viral RNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Same samples were further processed for the isolation of virus by embryonated egg inoculation technique. Moreover, out of 507 samples, 479 serum samples...

Mahwish Rehman1*, Sajjad Ahmad1, Maqsood Shah1 and Inamullah Khan

... different regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i.e. Peshawar, Mardan, Kohat and Chitral to discovered Varroa mite species. Identification was done by using key developed byDe-Guzman and Fernandez and Coineau, (2007), i.e. body size (length and width), location of seta, shape, size (i.e. bristle hair, stiff) on dorsal shield, chaetotaxy and structure of the sternal, , metapodal, anal, and epigynal shields, periterme, morphology of setae on the legs and palps and its ...

Urooba Pervaiz1, Abdus Salam1, Dawood Jan2, Ayesha Khan1 and Mahmood Iqbal

...in district Mardan of Khyber Pukhtunkhawa (KP) to analyze constrains in the adoption of improved technologies regarding tomato cultivation in March-April 2016. Two union councils Fatima and Babeni from tehsil Mardan were selected purposively based on tomato cultivation. Two villages were randomly selected from each union council. All tomato growers given training by the extension department were selected for interview, thus 104 respondents were interviewed for...
Muhammad Akbar Khan
...istocene locality of Bhimber (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan) includes an almost complete mandible that provides a better knowledge of the taxon morphology. Hexaprotodon sivalensis is reported for the first time from the Bhimber Pleistocene locality of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
...
Jiji Li*, Tianyang Zu, Xiangli Dong, Xiao Yang, Wei Liu and Changwen Wu
...racteristics of three members of the CC family of chemokines: 1) dual chemokine ligand CCL17; 2) homeostatic chemokines ligand CCL21; and 3) CCL24 in response to bacterial challenge in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The results revealed that the immunological effect of CCLs in the croaker is weaker than that of other fish, and revealed the infectivity of the large yellow croaker. Thus, these findings could help to develop methods of disease...

Sher Nawab Khan* and Ghulam Hassan 

...Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2014-15 and 2015-16. Eight bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties i.e., Atta-Habib (AH), Lalma-13 (Lal-13), Tatara-96 (Tat-96), Punjab-11 (PJ-11), Pirsabak-2005 (PS-05), Pirsabak-2013 (PS-13), Janbaz (JB) and land race Khatakwal (KW) were crossed in 8×8 full diallel pattern to identify aphids resistant genotypes under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Number

Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Zahir Shah1 and Farmanullah Khan1 

...ssociation with large numbers of plants and microbial mats. In this regard, a pot experiment was carried out with the aim to assess the impact of different strains of cyanobacteria on rice crop growth and nutrients uptake under saline soil condition at National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad Pakistan during summer 2016. A total of 18 experimental pots were induced with salinity of 7.0 dS m-1 and arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) wi...
Ghulam Muhae-ud-Din1,4, Anam Moosa1, Umer Farooq Ghummen1, Muhammad Jabran1, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed2, Abdul Jabbar1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1,3,*
...s that infects a huge number of crop plants. It also infects the ornamental plants resulting in a serious growth-limiting factor in ornamentals. In this study, the response of ten ornamental plants to M. incognita was assessed in pot experiments. All the ornamental plant species showed varying degree of infection of M. incognita. Rhapis excels and Ophiopogan japonicas were moderately resistant, Cordyline fruticosa, Hibiscu...

Qasim Iqbal1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Obaidullah Shafique1, Bashir Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Ihsanullah Khan4  

...n, during August to December, 2016, to evaluate different exotic sunflower hybrids for their performance and adaptability in the field area of NARC. Twelve sunflower hybrids including one check i.e. SF-16013, SF-16007, SF-16010, SF-16005, SF-16006, SF-16002, SF-16008, SF-16004, SF-16011, SF16003, SF-160011, Hysun-33 were studied in the experiment. The experiments were carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The distance between...
Aqeela Ashraf1,2,*, Muhammad Imran1 and Yung-Fu Chang2
...variability, enormous number of environmental sources and increased resistance to antibiotics. The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis and identification of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes associated with them. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR. The results showed that 100% of ...

Ashraf Sayed Awaad1 and Mohamed Zaki Fathy2*  

... new site (last inter-lumber space (L5-L6). The latter was compared with the L6-S space by gross anatomy, CT and image analysis. The results showed wider lumen of the vertebral canal at L5- L6 and the space between the inner part of the vertebrae and the spinal cord is wider than those at the level of L6- S. Moreover, the space between the spinous processes in this area was 1.58 ±0.089 cm and easily to be detected. The needle was inserted properly and m...

Saima Rani*, Hassnian Shah, Nusrat Habib and Muhammad Azeem Khan 

...s, income, education, number of children, taste, no chemical residual, high nutritional value, freshness and colour of the vegetables have positive effects on consumer to pay a high price. While in case of product size and shape has a adverse effect on consumer. Results indicate that when making choices of food, consumers in Islamabad prioritise their health. Furthermore, the households who earn more income perceive a negative impact on health from chemical ...

Ghufran ul Haq1*, Muhammad Arif2, Asad Ali2 and Mian Inayatullah3 

...mato growing areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). For this purpose, surveys were conducted in the hilly areas of Mohmand Agency and Malakand Agency and plains of Shabqadar, Charsadda and Peshawar during 2011, 2012 and 2013, to determine the incidence of TYLCV and the population of its vector. Triple antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) was successful in detecting TYLCV in naturally and whiteflies inoculated tomato plants. Transmission p...
Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Muhammad Anwar Iqbal1, Arshad Javid2, Abu ul Hassan Faiz1, Irfan3 and Muhammad Irshad Arshad4
...rom January 2015 to December 2016. A total of 172 specimens of genus Pipistrellus belonging to six species i.e. P. pipistrellus (n = 43), P. paterculus (n = 12), P. javanicus (n = 39), P. tenuis (n = 18), P. cylonicus (n = 40) and P. dormeri (n = 20) were captured. Out of these six species, four are reported for the first time from the study area, whereas, P. pipistrellus and P. paterculus has alre...

Rehman-Ud-din* and Naeem-Ur-Rehman Khattak 

... reveals that a large number of both types of farmers are neither completely mechanised nor completely non-mechanised. Majority of the farmers in each type of farmers do not have their own farming machines/animals. Per acre productivity of mechanised farmers is a little bit greater than the non-mechanised farmers. The outstanding feature of farm mechanisation is the time-saving factor that enables mechanised farmers to spend their spare time on other aspects o...
Zeqin Fu, Yunfang Tian, Yingying Ye*, Pengzhi Qi and Changwen Wu
... were identified. The number of alleles per loci ranged from six to twenty-one with an average of 12.913 and the allele size varied between 161 and 470 bp. The observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.143 to 1.000 and from 0.351 to 0.926, with average values of 0.614 and 0.771, respectively. Eighteen loci accorded with the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE)(P > 0.05). The polymorphism information con...

Fayaz Ahmad1*, Noorullah Khan1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Qamar uz Zaman1, Shamsul Islam1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1 and Sair Sarwar

...fferent dates i.e., November, December, 2012, January, February and March, 2013 having one month interval. Application of potash fertilizer @ 90,120 and 150 kg ha-1 was also compared with control for studying its role in the recovery and growth of deeply pruned tea. The earliest shoot sprouting (April, 2013) was recorded in tea bushes pruned on November, 2012 and receiving potash fertilize...
Nadia Saeed1,Mian Sayed Khan2, Habib Ahmad3, Muhammad Abdullah4 and Muzafar Shah5,*
...d decline in nematode number as compared to untreated trees. Organic amendments effectively controlled the nematode population. Among all applied organic amendments castor oil cakes and cow dung were found more effective and saw dust was least effective. The studies showed that organic amendments were significantly effective against nematodes.
...

Xiangbin Meng1,Tianxiang Gao2, Chunhou Li3, Na Song1, Lu Liu1, Liqin Liu2 and Xiumei Zhang1,*

 

...dividuals. The allele number of all polymorphic microsatellite markers ranged from 6 to 10. Expected and observed heterozygosity varied from 0.260 to 0.904 and from 0.292 to 0.861, with an average of 0.741 and 0.607, respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.566 to 0.823. These markers will be useful in further studies and will give new insight into conservation and efficient management of this species.
...
Nausheen Irshad1,*, Imran Yousaf1, Tariq Mahmood2 and Muhammad Saeed Awan1
...ducted from June to December 2014 to document existence of the leopard in Abbaspur area, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Direct field observations (opportunistic survey) and indirect observations based on signs of the species were recorded. This was supplemented with information collected through questionnaire survey. Results confirmed the occurrence of leopard at six out of twelve sampling sites surveyed, in the form of evidences including pug marks, cave/ den, and d...
Muhammad Asim Khan1,*, Shahid Niaz Khan1, Sanaullah Khan2, Abdul Jabbar Khan3, Muhammad Adnan4, Nawab Ali5 and Ijaz Ali6
....I.Khan) districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. All the films were examined by microscopy for the detection of malarial parasites. In the Southern districts, the overall incidence of Plasmodium slides positivity was 52.47% of which 91.07% were identified as Plasmodium vivax and 6.23% as P. falciparum and 2.69 was 43.62%, of which Plasmodium vivax were 91.2%, Plasmodium falciparum were 6.09% and 2.68% were identified as mi...
Tariq Mukhtar
...ificant reductions in number of galls, egg masses, eggs per egg mass and reproductive factors of M. incognita in a dose dependent manner. Both the fungi caused the maximum reductions in these parameters at two highest doses of 8×103 and 1×104 cfu/g of soil. The increases or reductions were slightly greater with T. harzianum than those with T. viride. It is, therefore, concluded from the present evaluation ...
Hasina Baloch1, Rahmatullah Rind2,*, Muhammad Rafique Rind3, Viram Kumar4, Nazia Baloch5 and Rajesh K. Oad6
...ificant impact of the number of parity on the prevalence of clinical mastitis was observed in animals. Higher prevalence (48.20%) of clinical mastitis was observed in buffaloes with 4 to 7 calves. A similar trend of significant influence of the number of parity on the prevalence (39.72%) of subclinical mastitis was also noted in animals given more than 7 parity. Significant role of the humid hot summer month...

Shamsher Ali1*, Sarmad Khan1, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Naveed ullah4, Muhammad Rashid3 and Wiqar Ahmad1 

...ot randomly on 15th November, 2014 and grown for 3 weeks after emergence. Plants growth was observed for three weeks after emergence. Statistical analysis of the data showed that both soils and varieties significantly (p<0.05) affected per cent emergence and growth. Interactions between soils and varieties were significant (p <0.05) regarding emergence and plant heights. From the interactions it is clear that under normal soil conditions, emergence perce...

Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Irshad Khan Abbasi2, Muhammad Tariq2, Jawad Ali3, Melad Karim4 and Rizwan Ahmad1 

...period spread over September 2015 to November 2015 and March 2016 to September 2016. Results showed that in the flow discharges of the stream during summer months was much higher with peak in June. The snow/glacier melt increases with air temperature from 12.5 C onwards and at 20C onwards it gets exponential rate. From the results it transpires that the effect of global warming in Himalaya...
Nadeem Munawar, Iftikhar Hussain and Tariq Mahmood*
...l four crops, maximum number of rodent burrows was recorded at maturity stages of the crops. The maturity stage of wheat crop coincided with spring breeding season while the maturity stages of millet/maize and groundnut matched with monsoon/autumn breeding peak of the rodents in the study area. The burrow density recorded inside the wheat crop at various stages of growth and in uncultivated fields was significantly higher than those on field boundaries. The ov...
Adel A. Basyouny Shahin,1,* Amira M. Metwally Mohamed2 and Abd El-Reheem A. El Shatter2

 

...yptian N. ehrenbergi, was examined at 17 structural genetic loci and interrelationship was discussed. Of these 17 genetic loci, 10 (58.8%) loci were monomorphic with the same allele fixed in all individuals from both karyotype forms and only 7 (41.2%) loci were polymorphic with two different alleles. Levels of genetic variability between the two forms were relatively low and are comparatively either within the range or quite different from those ...
Danyu Zhang1, Ying Liu1, Qinxin Shi1, Zhiwei Peng1, Yan Hua1 and Zhijun Hou1,2,*
...ve more diversity than Siberian tiger, panda, horse, and human, and it may originate from the more divertible diet of the sable.
...
Ali Zaman1,*, Abdul Haleem1, Sajjad Ur Rahman2, Adnan Amin3 Asma Saeed1, Sana Ullah4 and Naimat Ullah4
Muhammad Zameer Kayani1,*and Tariq Mukhtar2
...ta on different cucumber cultivars commonly cultivated in Pakistan, therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the reproductivity of M. incognita on fifteen cucumber cultivars with varying levels of resistance and susceptibility. Significant differences were found among all the cucumber cultivars regarding formation of galls, egg masses, fecundity and reproduc...
Qaisar Jamal1, Muhammad Idrees1, Saif Ullah2, Muhammad Adnan1, Farrah Zaidi1, Qaiser Zaman1,3 and Syed Basit Rasheed1,*
...ountainous region) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan contains 11 species of lizards (Calotes versicolor farooqi, Laudakia agrorensis, Eublepharis macularius, Cyrtopodion scabrum, Hemidactylus brookii, Hemidactylus flaviviridis, Ophisops jerdonii, Asymblepharus himalayanus, Eurylepis taeniolatus, Eutropis dissimilis and Varanus bengalensis) and 16 species of snakes (Eryx johnii, Amphiesma stolatum, Boiga trigonata, Lycodon striatus, Oligodon arnen...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Ikramul Haq1,*, Imdad Ullah Khan3, Naimat Ullah4, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Kashif Hussain1 and Azmat Ullah Khan2
... the endemic areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan during 2016. The isolates were initially identified through colony characters, Gram staining and biochemical tests. The identified isolates were quantified on blood agar and confirmed through PCR. Toxins were extracted, quantified, formalized and adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide gel. Safety, sterility and stability of the toxoid were ascertained. Bacterin toxoid of C. perfringens type D was ...

Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Muhammad Rizwan2*, Muhammad Akram1, Jaffar Hussain1 and Fiaz Ahmad1 

... biological yield and number of clusters per plant and VC 3404 had high 100-seed weight. These genotypes may be used for the incorporation of genes for high seed yield, biological yield, clusters per plant and seed weight into well adapted germplasm. 

...

Muhammad Rehan Aslam1, Muhammad Maqsood1, Zahoor Ahmad2*, Sajjad Akhtar3, Muhammad Rizwan4 and Muhammad Usama Hameed

...ut sheath (253.38 g), number of grains per cob (472.49), 1000-grains weight (265.99 g), biological yield (13.08 t ha-1), grain yield (5.05 t ha-1), harvest index (38.43%), grain protein contents (8.09%) and grain oil contents (4.76%) were obtained when two foliar sprays of 0.5% MgSO4 (T2) were applied. Similarly, highest cob weight without sheath (258 g), number of grains per cob (475.1), 1000-grains weight (272.5 g), biolog...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmed1, Muhammad Zeshan1,2, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1 and Kazim Ali

..., capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule and yield was taken into account at maturity and statistically analyzed. All yield contributing traits showed positive response with increase in fertilizer rate. Maximum yield was found at T6 (NPK @ 40:30:15) and T6 and T7 (NPK @ 40:30:30) showed parity for seed yield. Significant difference was not observed in increase in yield due to the addition of potassium but branches per plant showed substantial differen...
Masood Nizam Tabassum1*, Muhammad Ather Khan2, Saira Afzal3, Amir Gilani4, Abdul Wahab Gureja5, ShafaqTabassum6
...
Abstract | Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious chronic bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). More than 95% of cases and deaths are reported in developing countries. Tuberculosis affects all age groups but adults are mostly affected in their most productive age. However, all age groups are at risks. In the world, TB is one of the major killer infect...
Sukirno Sukirno1,2, Muhammad Tufail1,3,*, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool1Said El Salamouny1, 4, Koko Dwi Sutanto1 and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood1
...lant extracts as UV absorbers were done by measuring the absorption spectra of the 0.5% extracts using UV spectrophotometer. Based on preliminary data, clove, green tea and henna extracts at 10% (v/v) concentration were added to the virus and tested under semi-field conditions on the cabbage plantations for 7 days. The preliminary experiment showed that the LC50 and LC95 for the first instar larvae were 1.59 x 103 PIB and 4.91 ...

Saeed Ullah1, Amanullah Jan1, Murad Ali2*, Wiqar Ahmad3, Hafeez Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Ishaq2 and Bilal Ahmad2  

...ated four times. Pods number plant-1 (PN), grain yield (GY) biological yield (BY), and harvest index (HI) were significantly increased by 9, 4, 23 and 8%, respectively over the control with fertilizer banding compared with broadcast. Plots receiving 10 kg Zn ha-1 registered a significant increase of 8, 9, 4, 27 and 9%, in plant height (PH), PN, GY, BY and HI, respectively over the control, and recorded the lowest number of d...

Tanzim Ullah Khan1*, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Ahmad Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad2, Muhammad Ishaq2, Khilwat Afridi2, Murad Ali2, Muhammad Adeel Qureshi2, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Muhammad Saeed2  

...mental Research Farm, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar in 2010-11. Three levels of fertilizer nitrogen (75, 100 and 125 kg ha-1) and two poultry manure levels (0 and 4 tones ha-1) were allotted to main plot while time of fertilizer nitrogen application were as: full at land preparation, full at boot stage and ½ at land preparation + ½ at boot stage, to the subplot. Poultry manure was incorporated into the soil at the time of l...

Imadud Din1*, Fazal Munsif1, Irfan Ahmad Shah3, Hamayoon Khan1, Fahad Ullah Khan1, Ibrarullah2, Shahab Uddin4 and Tauqir Islam1 

...ogical yield. Highest number of productive tillers m-2 was counted for PR-111, while intense leaf area index was displayed by PR-103. Hybrid-404 had relatively higher grain spike-1 while PR-114 was observed for highest 1000-grain weight. Among the genotypes Pirsabak-08 excelled for dwarf traits, while Hybrid-403 was found early maturing genotypes. Grain yield was positively correlated with productive tillers m-2, and biological yield. Genotypes PR-110 and Hybr...
Muhammad Shaheer1*, Asad Aslam Khan2, Nasir Ahmed3, Tehseen Mahmood Mahju4, Ummarah Rasheed5
...gly. The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was measured in superior, inferior halves and total average thickness. Pre- and post-injection OCT were conduced and macular thickness were documented.
Results:The mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was decreased in superior and inferior halves as well as in the total thickness. 
Conclusion: Intra vitreal bevacizumab decreases the r...
Maaz Ahmad1*, Mussab Ahmad2 and Tehreem Munir3
... or placebo) in equal number. A 7 days medication free period was observed before the start of trial. Each patient received the treatment for 6 weeks. The primary outcome variable was the improvement in gastrointestinal symptom score (GIS) consisting of evaluation of 10 dyspeptic symptoms rated on Likert scale. Dyspeptic symptoms were assessed at the start of trial then after 2, 4 and 6 weeks. 
Results: In this trial, 200 patients fully...
Muhammad Kashif Munir1*, Sana Rehman1, Rizwan Iqbal1, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Muhammad Aasim1
...> | Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease and multidrug resistant tuberculosis is an emerging global issue. Rapid detection of such type of tuberculosis is necessary for timely control of the disease. GeneXpert test has already been implemented by World Health Organization to diagnose the infection on urgent basis.
Objectives: This study was design...
Munir Ahmad1, Aisha Hameed2*, Saba Khaliq3, Hamid Saeed Malik4 and Shahida Mohsin5
...s. Numerous chromosomal aberrations have been observed in ALL including translocations which result in the production of fusion genes (BCR-ABL, TEL-AML1, and MLL-AF4). These chromosomal rearrangements have great prognostic and therapeutic significance. Amongst these, TEL-AML1 fusion gene represents a subgroup of ALL cases, which are associated with many clinically important parameters of good prognosis. The objective of this study was to detect the freq...
Xia Lin Zheng1, Zhen Hua Xian1, Zhen De Yang2, Xiu Hao Yang3 and Wen Lu1,*
...e investigated from December 2012 to December 2013. Jaapiella sp. damaged leaves, while Contarinia sp. damaged stems and leafstalks. The damage ratio and the index of Jaapiella sp. in December 2012, March, July and December 2013 were 9.7±2.0%, 14.8±1.9%, 24.1±1.5%, 12.3±0.6% and 25.6%, 31.3%, 35.6%, 26.2%,...
Hanif Ur Rahman1, Umer Saddique1, Zahoor-ul-Hassan1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Kamal Shah1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Farhan Anwar Khan1Fazli Rabbani2, Muhammad Asif Hussain2, Attaur-Rahman2, Irshad Ahmad3,4 and Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*
...M) - a cluster of six member species. However, literature is not available regarding the causative agents of CCPP in sheep and goats in Northern Pakistan. The current study was thus aimed to identify relative abundance of members of MM in small ruminants suspected of CCPP in Northern region of Pakistan. A total of 300 samples, (150 sheep and 150 goats) were randomly collected from nasal discharge, pleural fluid and lung tiss...
Sana Rafique1, Hina Saqib1, Khushi Muhammad2, Nazia Akbar2, Abdul Rauf3, Muzafar Shah4,*
...of district Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan and its high proportion will result in high death rate. So, the possible measures should be taken out to control DENV spread in future.
...

Jahangir khan* and Abbas Ullah Jan 

... Peshawar district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Sampled households were interviewed face to face. An open-ended CVM question was designed to elicit households’ willingness to pay (WTP) and a linear regression analysis conducted to identify important determinants of households’ WTP. Results show that 93% of respondents are willing to pay a price premium of PKR. 14. Empirical findings reveal that socio-demographic characteristics like age, educati...

Kashif Akbar* and Muhammad Ayub 

... protein (8.20-7.68%), fiber (6.47-6.38%) while NFE increased slowly (57.86-58.60%). The color of the cookies ranged from F0-F6 (6.88-6.93), taste ranged F0-F6 (6.82-6.04) and texture ranged F0-F6 (6.91-6.15). Maximum overall acceptability was recorded in F2 (7.32) proceeded by F0 (6.99) whereas minimum mean score was recorded in F6 (6.37) proceeded by F5 (6.47). 

...

Abdur Rehman and Zahir Shah 

...also enhanced nodules number by 152 %, fresh weight of nodules by 135 %, N concentration in plant by 29 %, N uptake by 50 %, N2 fixation by 85 % over the control. Application of Mo and Fe at all levels alone or in combinations also improved soil organic matter, mineral N, P and K status that could be associated with more N2 fixation, enhanced plant and root growths of plants. These results suggested that application of both Mo and Fe is necessary for pea crop ...
Mudassar Javed1,Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,*, Muhammad Sufyan1, Sajjad Ali2 and Muhammad Afzal1
...k design. The average number of lepidopterous larvae in plots treated with the synthetic insecticides was 1.87 and 2.12 larvae/plant in 2015 and 2016, respectively, compared with 6.5 larvae/plant in untreated control plots. For the botanicals, an average of 2.57 and 2.92 larvae/plant was recorded in 2015 and 2016 respectively, compared with 4.12 in untreated control plots. Among the synthetic insecticides tested, emamectin benzoate and indoxacarb caused the mo...
Wang-Dui Basang1, Tian-Wu An2, Luo-Bu Danjiu3, Yan-Bin Zhu1, Shi-Cheng He3, Xiao-Lin Luo2, Wei-Wei Ni4, Xiao Wang4, Shu-Zhu Cheng4, Jian Wang4 and Guang-Xin E4,*
...ingle-nucleotide copy number variants, and 59 haplotypes were detected. The number of haplotypes within the population ranged from 17 (SN and JL) to 28 (DX). The haplotype diversity ranged from 0.9420 (SN) to 0.9770 (NR). The highest nucleotide diversity was found in the JL population (0.01479), whereas the lowest was found in the SN (0.00894) population. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these four populations separated i...
Riaz Aziz Minhas1,*, Muhammad Nasim Khan1, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Basharat Ahmad1, Syda Shaista Bibi1, Mohsin Hanif1 and Afsar Mian2
... in northern hills of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). It was believed that different fragmented populations of these monkeys might have experienced a genetic isolation or inbreeding. We assessed the level of genetic diversity and genetic isolation of different langur populations using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) genetic markers. We collected 86 different samples (feces 64, hair 13, blood 5, tissues 4) from 5 geographic l...

Fiaz Ahmad1, Mumtaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1 and Muhammad Rizwan3* 

...t sodium contents and number of pods/plant also showed significant differences among varieties. All physiological and yield parameters showed gradual reduction with increasing concentration of lead and water stress. Uptake of Na+, K and P was reduced significantly in all treatments but lead accumulation in shoot was increased in single lead treatment (80 mg Pb2+ 100% FC) as compared to combined lead and water stress treatment. Combined lead and water stress tr...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...ield. At harvest, the numbers of root galls, egg masses, and eggs per root system, the root weight, the final population of the second stage juveniles, and the reproduction rate were detected at the highest levels in untreated soil, whereas low numbers were encountered in soils initially treated with the fungus, L. muscarium. Meloidogyne incognita and other plant parasitic nematodes multiplied significantly more in un...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Ibrahim A. Alhidary1, Gamaleldin M. Suliman1,2, Abdullah H. Alyemni3, Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady3, Faisal A. Alshamiry1,Mohsen M. Alobre1 and Riyadh S. Aljumaah1
Ai Guo1,2,3, Jiaguang Xiao4, Binbin Shan4, Tianxiang Gao5 and Yongdong Zhou3,*
...aused by the variable number of tandem repeats. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on 13 concatenated mitochondrial protein-coding genes from 8 Coilia mitochondrial genomes. The results supported that C. lindmani at first clustered with C. nasus and C. grayii which had close relationships (d=0.028), then clustered with C. mystus which exhibited obvious genetic differentiation between C. mystus N and C. mystus...

Fazal Munsif1, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Arif2, Kawsar Ali3 and Ijaz Ahmad

...inter season (20th September, 10th October, 30th October and 20th November) and spring season (20th February, 10th March and 30th March). Randomized complete block design was used having four replications. The sub-plot size was kept 5m × 5 m having six rows with length of 5 m. The effect of different planting dates revealed that planting dates had ...

Shahen Shah1*, Manzoor Hussain1, Arshad Jalal1, Mohammad Sayyar Khan2, Tariq Shah1, Muhammad Ilyas1 and Muhammad Uzair3 

...plots. Data regarding number of productive and unproductive tillers m-2, thousand grain weight, grains spike-1, biomass yield and value cost ratio (VCR) of wheat were significantly affected by N and S. Sulfur and its application time prominently influenced the productive tillers m-2 and biomass yield. Nitrogen at 150 kg ha-1 resulted in more number of productive tillers m-2, less un-productive tillers m-2 and higher thousand...

Muhammad Siddiq1*, Sahib Alam2, Hamid Ullah Shah2, Zafar Iqbal2, Kalsoom Siddiq3 and Taufeq Ahmad4 

...es of potato (Solanium tuberosum L.) cultivar Carola chips during three successive frying sessions. Olive and palm oils were blended in the ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 40:60 and 60:40% and the blends as well as the sole oils were used for frying of potato chips. The fried potato chips were evaluated for appearance, taste, texture, color and overall acceptability. The results indicated that the highest average scores for appearance (6.90), taste (7.57), texture (8....

Ansaar Ahmed1, Imtiaz Hussain2*, Ibni Amin Khalil3, Subhanulla3, Gulzar Ahmed3, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Muhammad Imtiaz2  

...ndash;wheat system of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province that requires skilled labor, intensive tillage and more water for irrigation. In this study, zero tillage and bed planting effect in comparison with farmer practice on maize-wheat system productivity was evaluated at five sites in district of Nowshera, KP province during 2014-2016. Maize grain yield with bed planting and manual planting on flat surface were non-significantly different. Because of weed infe...

Sadiqa Begum1, Murad Khan2* and Noor Pao Khan

...shawar and Mardan) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to make economic and comparative analysis of wheat crop. Furthermore, two villages were selected from each district i.e. Lakarai and Barbar Opazai of district Peshawar and Khawo and Shamshad Abad of district Mardan. A questionnaire was used to collect data proportionately from 93 sample respondents. Budget allocation technique is used for calculation of cost, revenue and profit and dummy approach is used for comparative...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Selim Erdoğan3, Ecevit Eyduran3 andMohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...), educational level, membership status of enterprise to an association of beekeepers (member and nonmember), other activities except for beekeeping (yes and no), number of full beehives, bee race (Caucasian, Carniolan, Italian and Crossbred), and frequency of changing queen bee. MARS outperformed multiple linear regression, and CART in honey yield per h...

Saima Siddiqui1*, Ghulm Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed1 and Abdul Sattar Buriro

...Geocoris ochropterus (Fieber 1844) (0.57) and (0.66) predators per plant during 2011 and 2012, respectively. The studies indicated that on average maize intercropped with cotton as trap crop resulted in the lowest density of jassid, thrips and whitefly and the higher population of predators, G. ochropterus, Orius spp. and Zanchius sp. per plant. 

...
Nevran Eylem Akman Gündüz1,* and Özgür Özcan2
...lant growth regulator gibberellic acid (GA3) on the hemolymph contents of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was examined. G. mellonella larvae were fed with a synthetic diet. The effects of GA3 on the hemolymph content of these larvae were tested through a diet incorporation assay. Different concentrations (2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mg/L) of GA3 were added to the synthetic diet and protein, l...
Xiaqing Chen, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...pathogen that attacks mulberry fruits and causes disease named as “popcorn disease”. Many Trichoderma spp. produce a series of antibiotic metabolites that can inhibit plant pathogens. Trichoderma hamatum isolated from infected mulberry fruits was evaluated for its efficiency to suppress plant pathogen S. shiraiana alone or in combination with fungicide carbendazim under laboratory condit...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...m, minimum enterprise numbers in parent and child nodes were set at 4 and 2 for ensuring strong predictive accuracy with the Bonferroni adjustment. MARS algorithm gave a very good performance in the prediction of final fattening weight according to goodness of fit criteria i.e. R2 (0.983) and SDRATIO (0.114). Very strongly significant Pearson correlation coefficient (r=0.992) between observed and predicted FFW values in the MARS we...

Ali Sher1*, Khalid Naveed1, Gulzar Ahmad2, Ayub Khan1, Muhammad Saeed1 and Shah Masaud1 

... Pirsabak, Noweshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2014-15 and 2015-16 to study the response of wheat to N, Zn and Fe application. Treatments included three levels of N (90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1), three concentrations of Zn and Fe (i.e. 1, 2, 3 kg ha-1) each along with two controls i.e. no micro nutrients no water (control-I) and no micro nutrients + water (control-II). The N was soil applied and MN as foliar spray at booting stage. Days to anthesis, lea...
Iqra Arooj1,* and Shahida Hasnain2
... association of large number of loci with risk of CHD in different populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of 6q25.1/rs6922269 and 9p21.3/rs1333049 loci with risk of CHD in a population of Punjab province of Pakistan. A total of 645 subjects were included in this study of which 435 were patients visiting hospitals of Lahore and Gujranwala districts. All the subjects were genotyped by allele-specific PCR. It was observed that the...

Muhammad Ishfaq1*, Nadeem Akbar1, Imran Khan1, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Usman Zulfiqar1, Muhammad Ahmad1, Mumtaz Ahmad2 and Muhammad Umer Chattha1 

... tillers (296.8 m-2), numbers of grains per panicle (93.7), 1000-grain weight (19.4 g), paddy yield (3.5 t ha-1) and harvest index (34.3%) were recorded in S3 treatment. Percentage of sterile spikelet (9.5%), abortive kernel (9.7%) were highest in broadcasting treatments. Maximum net income (USD. 1097.2 ha-1) was obtained from S3 (22.50 cm row spacing) treatment under dry field conditions and BCR 1.5 was recorded in 22.50 cm spaced rows. In sum, 22.50 cm spac...
Majid Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Razia Iqbal2, Arshad Javid3, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1,4 and Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan1
...control diet. Maximum number of RBC (2.98×106mm-3), WBC (7.91×103mm-3), PLT (66.59) and Hb (8.89 g/100ml), blood PCV (25.25%), MCHC (34.91%), MCH (55.88 pg) and MCV (187.67fl) were also found at 3% CA level. In conclusion CA at 3% level can be supplemented in MOLM based diet for improvement in nutrient digestibility, growth performance and hematological indices of C. catla fingerlings.
...
Gokhan Sahin1, Ecevit Eyduran2,*, Mete Turkoglu3 and Fatma Sahin2
...CV values were set at number of terms (4). Goodness of fit criteria exhibited that the MARS prediction model had a very good fit for a cross validation of 3. As a result, the obtained results may be baseline information about global irradiation parameters at location of migratory birds in Iğdir, Turkey for next studies with the scope of global warming.
...
Shoukat Ara1, Sheikh Adil2,*and Manzoor Ahmad Khan3
...ferences in the total number of eggs laid, % hen-day-egg production, various external and internal egg parameters under different treatments were statistically non-significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, Azolla is beneficial at lower levels in improving the performance of grower chicken but had no effect on the number of eggs laid. Further, Azolla inclusion in the diet showed an improvement in the shell quality...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Mujahid Iqbal3  

...dy was conducted in December. 2014 in district Sargodha-Punjab, Pakistan to assess the role of Mobile phone cellular technology for dissemination of information regarding Macrosiphum miscanthi, attack on wheat crop by mobile phone. A sample size of 60 farmers was selected by systematic sampling technique using the available list of the farmers provided by Agricultural Extension Department. The respondents were than randomly assigned into two groups, one group ...
Junaid Akhtar1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Abdul Waheed1, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed4 and Shah Jahan5,*
...hore during January-December 2015. Additionally, existence of blaIMP and blaVIM carbapenems resistance determinant genes in carbapenems resistant isolates was also evaluated. The carbapenemase and β-lactamases production were evaluated by Modified Hodge test (MHT) and combined disks diffusion (CDD) method, respectively. The MBL producing clinical isolates were further subjected to PCR for the existence of bla

Aftab Khan, Shahid Ali, Syed Attaullah Shah and Muhammad Fayaz 

...and Southern zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. 200 maize growers were randomly selected through multistage sampling technique. Primary data on net revenue from maize crop was collected through an interview schedule and secondary data on temperature and precipitation was collected from Regional Metrological Department, Peshawar. Cross sectional Ricardian Model was used to estimate the effect of temperature and precipitation on net revenue. Results of the s...

Ashraf Khan1*, Suliman Shah2, Maid Zaman3 and Komal Habib2

... pest was recorded as number of adults per branch. Efficacy of the insecticides was evaluated as percent mortality (%) of citrus psylla. Overall highest percent mortality was observed in plants treated with combination of Nitenpyram + Chlorfenapyr (99.20 and 99.89 %) followed by Flubendiamide (89.83 and 99.39 %) and Imidacloprid (89.31 and 98.77 %) after spray 1 and 2, respectively. Least effective insecticide was proved to be Melathion with 39.79 and 65.43 pe...

Iqbal Javed1*, Amar Razzaq2, Mudassar Yasin3, Muhammad Ali Imran4, Haroon Javaid5, Iftikhar Nabi6, Anum Sardar1 and Shahbaz Ahmad

... 11 %. Pakistan is at number twelve in exports of the mutton according to the estimation of 2015. Although Pakistan’s meat industry is performing well however, there is more potential in the sector of livestock and hence for the exports of meat to all over the world. The study in hand is designed to explore the current performance and competiveness of meat industry of Pakistan. Keeping the importance of the meat industry of Pakistan, the study in hand is...

Madiha Naz1, Qudrat Ullah Khan1*, M. Jamil Khan1, Obaid Ullah Sayal2, Asim Afridi3 and Aziz Ullah Sayal3 

... significantly higher number of branches, chlorophyll content in the treatment recieving inorganic fertilizers, the manures in combination with foliar NPK was comparable. The yield attributes showed that ten fruit weight were greater in the soil applied inorganic fertilizer and it was statistically at par with treatments recieving manure with foliar NPK. Number of fruits per plant were recorded highest in the pots recieving ...

Nusrat Habib1*, Asim Zubair2 and Aisha Siddiqua3 

...s Swabi and Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during 2016. The study was conducted in two selected districts through purposive sampling for 100 farms in different locations of selected districts. The objective of the study was to estimate determinants of sunflower area and yield in the study area. To determine the role of different factors that were affecting the area and yield of sunflower in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, multiple regress...

Safina Naz1, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Saeed Akhtar2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3* and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar

...ture, ash, protein and fiber) and heavy metal (Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd, Fe and Cr) contents. Significant differences were found for proximate composition of canal, tubewell and sewage water irrigated vegetables. The vegetables grown with tubewell water had higher moisture, ash and fiber contents compared with those grown with canal and sewage water; whereas protein content detected was higher in okra, tomato and spinach irrigated wit...

Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali, Liaquat Ali Jamali, Shakeel Ahmed Soomro*, Shakeel Hussain Chattha, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto, Naseer Ahmed Abbasi and Noor Mehdi Qumi  

..., pol/sucrose, purity, fiber and commercial cane sugar. The results revealed that weight loss and fibre content throughout increased with increasing storage period. However, a decrease was observed with increasing storage period for brix content, sucrose content, purity percentage and commercial cane sugar percentage under both storage conditions. The observations of results further revealed that sugarcane covered with trash provided better quality (i.e. low w...
Haroon Rashid1,*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Tasleem Ghori2, Mamoona Chaudhry3, Hamad Bin Rashid2, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir1, Muhammad Hamid Chaudhary4, Muhammad Asad Ali1, Mian Muhammad Khubaib Sattar5, Javed Muhammad1 and Bhushan Jayarao6
...373 (0.07478, 9.376), number of households in the village 0.902 (0.08044, 10.11). The odds of plasmid DNA of B. anthracis (PA) in Attock was not associated in distance from animal market 0.3043 (0.02718, 3.408), distance from the main road 0.8373 (0.07478, 9.376), distance from water source 0.5882 (0.05258, 6.581), number of household in village 0.2255 (0.02011, 2.528) in Chakwal only one sample was found positive, wh...

Tariq Aziz1, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1, Quaid Hussain1,3*, Tariq Shah2,3, Nazir Ahmad1 and Amir Sohail1 

...(13.9 cm) and maximum number of grains spike-1 (89.2). Parental line B-IV(N)5 had maximum single spike weight (4.6 g), 100-grain weight (4.6 g) and grain yield (32.0 g plant-1). F3 population B-RF7 × Janbaz had 100-grain weight (4.5 g) and grain yield (31.9 g plant-1). Similarly, F3 population B-RF1 × Janbaz had more single spike weight (4.1 g). Population B-RF3 × Janbaz had maximum spike length (14.5 cm) and number

Muhammad Abu Sufyan Ali, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Ghaffar Ali and Muhammad Fayaz 

...and prices in central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan), using land transaction records for 2015-16. Results from Hedonic Pricing analysis show that location, environmental and agricultural characteristics of a farmland determine its price. Residential and commercial encroachment on fertile irrigated farmlands at urban fringe is alarming. More than half of the sampled transacted farmland parcels were used for residential and commercial units’ construction. F...
Lamiaa Elsayed Mokhtar Deef
...n database (Accession numbers are KF783143 and KJ193305) and (Accession numbers are M95109, KF783175, AC175224 and AC160876) of Cyt b and 12S rRNA respectively. Furthermore, DNA barcoding is a widely used molecular-based identification system which aids in identifying species. 
...

Qaisar Mehmood1*, Muhammad Riaz2, Maqbol Hussain Sail1 and Muhammad Moeen1 

...zer, irrigation mode, numbers of irrigations and number of weedisides sprays are chosen as input factors. Descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression model and analysis of variance techniques are used which show that variety, sowing mode, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorous fertilizer have significant effect on the wheat yield. Irrigation mode and weedisides spray also has much impact on the wheat yield. 

...

Safina Naz1, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Bushra Siddique3 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4

...(2.23g/100g), fats and fiber in Abelmoschus esculentus (0.44g/100g and 3.27g/100g, respectively), ascorbic acid in Spinacia oleracea (84.5mg/100g) and carbohydrate and energy values in Daucus carota (11.25g/100g and 55.80 cal, respectively). While, higher mineral contents were recorded for phosphorous (P) in Spinacia oleracea (85.5mg/100g), sodium (Na) and iron (Fe) in Lycopericon esculentum (65.33mg/100g and11.67mg/100g, respectively), and potassium (K) and c...

Abdur Rehman1* and Shad Khan Khalil2 

...isture stress reduced number of branches plant-1 (5.6) and leaves plant-1 (12.8). Application of salicylic acid (SA) at the rate of 0.5mM improved number of branches (6.34), leaves (13.69) and delayed phenological stages of canola compared to KNO3, methanol, water spray and control (no spray). Application of salicylic acid at bud formation stage increased number of branches plant-1 (6.37),...
Yang Liu1,2,3, Baimei Liu1,2,3, Chenchen Li1,2,3 and Meiwen An1,2,3,*
...HS) is characterized by aberrant fibroblast phenotypes and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Pressure therapy is a common treatment to cure HS, which can regulate collagen synthesis and deposition. To investigate collagen metabolism in keratinocytes and fibroblasts co-culture under pressure, and study the role of IL-1α and MMP-3 in terms of regulating fibroblasts-keratinocytes collagen metabolism with pressure.Chitosan-gelatin scaffolds wer...
Qiang Li1,2, Guo Qiao2, Li Wang1, Jipeng Zhang1, Ruijun Li1, Ping Ni1, Yi Guo1 and Shigen Ye1,*
...ina from January to December in 2014. The main clinical signs included fin ulceration, skin darkness, hepatohemia and intestinal hydrops. Totally, 104 diseased live fish were collected and 70 strains isolated from naturally diseased T. rubripes. Most isolates were obtained in May, September and December. The isolates were identified through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and Vib...
Ali Murad Rahoo1, Tariq Mukhtar2,*, Barkat Ali Bughio3 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4
...Significantly greater numbers of IJ both of H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae emerged from large sized G. mellonella than medium and small sized and the emergence was found to be positively correlated with the size of the host. It was also observed that emergence of IJ of H. bacteriophora was significantly greater than that of S. feltiae from the three different sized G. mellonella. The emergence of IJ started from the 4...
Peng Xu1, Bin Liu1,2, Yongqiang Zhao3, Shicheng Lv3 and Changhu Lu1,*
... air temperature in November, mean minimum air temperature in December, mean air temperature in December, respectively. Time-lag effects were found between population fluctuation of red-crowned crane and the climate variables within 2, 4, 6 and 7 years earlier in December and February of the following year. Combination of the highest interpretations of t...

Sajad Ali1*, Syed Asghar Ali Shah2, Jaffar Ali3, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal4, Arshadullah Jadoon5 and Farmanullah

Fan Shuli1*, Ameer Hussain Jarwar1,3, Xiaoyan Wang2, Long Wang1 and Qifeng Ma

... mainly focused on its fiber but cotton seed oil is significantly used as a comestible vegetable oil and makes major contribute in the national oil industry. According to an estimate per capita usage of edible oil in the country is 15 kg, this is even higher than the consumption in countries with same economic status of economical evolution. Overall requirements for this purpose in 2028–30 is estimated at approximately 5.30 million/tons from which domest...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4,    Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...risk factors of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) among large ruminants of the five districts (Peshawar, Nowshera, Charsadda, Mardan and Swabi) located in the central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A total of 2400 large ruminants were sampled by convenience sampling approach and tested by comparative cervical intradermal tuberculin test (CCIT) for detection of Mycobacterium bovis

Bushra Qadir1, Muhammad Asim2 and Mohammad Akmal1* 

...es x extracts, branch number per plant were also found significant (p<0.05) which increased at TU from 677 to 1939 slow and 2532 to 3257 at higher rate. Highest branch number was observed for variety Cuf-101. Root volume also increased at TU 2532 and 3257 with maximum for TU 3257. Cuf-101 and Dura varieties were high in ratio of shoot to root (RSR) when compared with variety Vernal and/or UCD. Ratio of root length to root...

Arshad Iqbal1*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Hidayat ur Rahman1, Faiza Aman2 and Aziz-ur-Rahman

...hological traits like number of days to heading (days), number of days to maturity (days), flag leaf area (cm2), culm length (cm), panicle length (cm), primary branches panicle-1 (no.) and secondary panicle branches (no.). Analysis of variance showed highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) differences for parents, F5:6 lines and parents vs F5:6 lines for all the studied traits. Among the F5:6 lines, AUP-304 showed minimum days to h...

Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1*, Maryam Bisola Adebayo2, Bashiru Shafa Abubakar3, Ibrahim Abubakar Yusuf2 and Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi1  

...n parvovirus B19 is a member of the family Parvoviridae. It can be transmitted congenitally from an infected mother to the foetus. The virus has been implicated in hydrops foetalis, spontaneous abortion, aplastic crisis and acute symmetric polyarthropathy. The present study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Human Parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM antibodies and to determine the risk factors associated with acquisition of the virus. A total of 326 blo...

Saeed Ahmad Shah Chishti1, Mudassar Iqbal1*, Nusrat Parveen1, Kashif Nadeem1, Muhammad Iqbal1, Umbreen Shahzad2, Rana Husnain Shabbir1 and Muhammad Najeebullah1 

...rly planting (mid of October) as well as for normal planting (Mid of November). Its seed is light green, round and bold and its average 100-fresh seed weight is 67.62 g which is greater than Climax (48.4 g), Pea-2009 (67 g) and Meteor (44.18 g). This variety/line has the ability to tolerate against root rot and powdery mildew diseases of pea crop. The newly approved variety has potential to moderately resist to collar rot di...

Shaista Naz1*, Noor Paio Khan1, Naveed Afsar2 and Ashfaq Ahmad Shah3

...vestock management in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of the country. For this, a sample size of 117 women respondents was selected through multistage sampling technique and data were collected from the selected respondents using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire through face to face interview. The collected data were subjected to analysis using descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages, and rank orders. The results revealed that women were involve...

Asif Nawaz* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan 

...Extension Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A sample of 234 out of total 543 Field Assistants were selected with the help of Sekaran Sampling Technique and the respondents were distributed in four Agro-ecological zones of the province with the help of proportional allocation sampling method. Data from the respondents were collected through pretested and validated interview schedule. Data was analyzed using SPSS Ver.20. Mean, standard deviation, chi-square test a...

Amjad Ali1, Abbas Ullah Jan1, Lal Almas2, Noor Piao Khan1 and Khurran Nawaz Saddozai

Mohsin Iqbal1, Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Farah Naz2, Muhammad Usman Raja2, Muhammad Fiaz3 and Muhammad Nadeem1 

...es to chemicals. Less number of eggs (2 per grain), more number of holes (8.3 per grain), less number of F1 adults (20.3 per jar) and more number of days (7) to 100% mortality of C. chinensis adults were recorded when chickpea grains were treated with the highest concentration of B. bassiana as compared to that of M. anisopliae. These non-chemical contro...
Fehmeeda Fatima, Asif Nadeem* and Maryam Javed
...t detected. The total number of haplotypes (h) was found to be 17 and haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.862. Nucleotide diversity (pi) was calculated to be 0.00210 and Tajima’s D neutrality test for neutral mutation indicated a negative value. Moreover, the results of homology analysis showed maximum similarity with sequences of goat and sheep sequences (partial) and were found to be 99.93% and 99.35%, respectively which was further confirmed by cons...
Mouslim Bara1,2,* and Luciano N. Segura3
...consecutive years (September 2012 to August 2015). We studied the effect of air temperature and water depth on bird abundance and two ecological diversity indices (Shannon and Shannon E). Significant inter-annual fluctuations in bird abundance were recorded. Maximum values were always recorded during autumn. Water depth correlated positively with bird abundance and Shannon index. Field samplings indicated that bird abundance was frequently higher than 1000 ind...

Shoaib Nawaz1, Muhammad Razaq1, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar1*, Muhammad Sajjad1*, Syeda Aneeza Ubaid1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar2 and Usman Haider

...maximum yield because numbers of pest in both treated plots remain control. 

...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Faraz Akrim1, Abdul Hamid1, Muhammad Waseem1, Abid Hussain1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...Lower Dir district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province from September 2016 to August 2017. Results show that breeding season of the species starts from February: peak breeding months being March and April, during which frequent breeding calls were heard. The calling frequency ranged from 0.15 per minute to 0.3 per minute. Six active nests of Chukor were found at five different sampling sites; nest location was mostly on slop...
Tevfik Ceyhan1,*, Osman Samsun2 and Okan Akyol1
...ircling nets between October 2016 and December 2017 in Sinop, Central Black Sea. The length and weight distribution of all garfish samples ranged from 28.8 to 51.6 cm TL and from 26.6 to 177.2 g, respectively. Female: male ratio was 0.3:1. The LWR parameters (a, b, r2) were computed as 0.0009 ± 0.50, 3.040 ± 0.32 and 0.902 ±0.40, respectively. The age of garfish was between 1 and 4 year...

Zubina Hameed1, Muhammad Azim Malik1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Farina Shaheen1, Ijaz Ahmad2 and Khisrao Kalim3 

...was carried out from October, 2010 to April, 2011 at University Research Farm Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan to evaluate the relative efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides viz. Clean wave 15 EO (Aminopyralid + fluroxypyre) @ 0.8 L ha-1, Aim 40 DF (Carfentrazone ethyl) @ 0.05 Kg ha-1, Buctril-super 60 EC (Bromoxynil + MCPA) @ 0.750 L ha-1, Atlantis 3.6 WG (Mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron) @ 0.7 Kg ha-1, Sectril-M 40 EC...

 *Muhammad Waseem1, Dost Mohammad Baloch1, Ghulam Khaliq1,
M. Rashid1, Qurban Ali2 and Mustajab A. Khan3

INTENSIFICATION IN BAMBOO (Bambusa bambos L.) TRAITS IN RESPONSE TO ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL NITROGEN ALONG THE COAST OF ARABIAN SEA
...such as plant height, number of culms per plant, stem diameter of culms and growth rate of newly emergence culms per day also showed higher vigour under the application of treatment combination {50% N from urea (the recommended dose) + 50% N from Farm Yard Manure (FYM)}. It was suggested that the growing of bamboo should be produced through the use of combination of chemical {50% N from urea and organic N (50% N from Farm Yard Manure).

...

 Muhammad Akram and Faheem Aftab

THIDIAZURON INDUCES IN VITRO BUD BREAK AND SHOOT DEVELOPMENT FROM NODAL EXPLANTS OF ORTHOTROPIC SHOOTS OF MAIDENHAIR TREE (GINKGO BILOBA L.)
...ength and 7.2 average number of leaves for another 10 days. Similarly, all other TDZ’s concentrations below 1 uM were also effective in bud breaking and development of shoots with green and vigorous growth. The frequency of bud break was significantly reduced with the increasing concentrations of TDZ. There were 2 phases of callus formation on the explant, i.e., before bud break and after the break. The frequency of callus induction was highest (100%) at...

 Muhammad Tahir Waseem, Muhammad Awais Sarwar, Rana Manzoor Ahmad, Abdul Majid Khan*

Newly discovered fossil remains of Selenoportax vexillarius from Hasnot, locality of Siwaliks of Pakistan
...e investigated as the member of Boselaphini (Bovidae) which belong to an extinct genus Selenoportax. All the samples are collected from well exposed strata of Late Miocene of Hasnot, district Jehlum, Pakistan. All The specimens are identified and characterized on the basis of morphometric comparison and morphological similarities and described as Selenoportax vexillarius. The molars have divergent styles and moderately developed median basal pillars while the ...

 Muhammad Mohsin Ahsan1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2*, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1, Arshad Ali3, Zafar Iqbal Kahan4, Kafeel Ahmed4

Intra- and inter-specific foraging in three scorpion species
...o rarely feed upon on members of its own species.

...

Muhammad Zafar*1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2, Asmatullah3

Efficacy of methamidophos, fenpropathrin and metasystox against aphid population within the response of Brassica campestris at Multan
...was conducted during October 2013 to April 2014. Crop season following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications and six treatments in the research farm of Babar Agricultural Farm at Old Shuja Abad Road, Multan. Different insecticides showed different mortality of aphid population. Of the three insecticides tested, methamidophos resulted in more than 80% mortality in the aphid population and more than 30% increase in the yield, whereas f...

Mohammad Salim1, Arshad Javid2*, Ali Hussain2, Faiz-ur-Rahman3, FarmanUllah4, Hamidullah5

Distribution records of fruit bats Cynopterus sphinx and Rousettus leschenaultii from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...nd division in
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The morphological and cranial features of the captured specimens were compared with
available literature. Baculum morphometry is one of the key features in identification of bat species and was applied
for species confirmation of R. leschenaultii. R. leschenaultia has been already reported while C. sphinx being
reported for the first time from the study area. Pteropus giganteus is another new...

 Muhammad Mohsin Ahsan1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1

Effect of lunar cycle on active population density of scorpions, their potential prey and predators
...s were always high in numbers at night, even under moonlight conditions. The
activity of scorpion prey had been always high during dark nights. No difference in numbers of scorpion predators
(shrews, lizards, centipedes, mice and rats) was noted in the presence or absence of moonlight, but they were
observed to be more active during the moonlight period than during moonless nights.

...

Mohammad Salim1, Arshad Javid2*, Ali Hussain2, Faiz-ur-Rahman3, Hamidullah4 

First provincial record of desert yellow bat Scotoecus pallidus (Dobson, 1876) from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...in Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). Twenty two desert yellow bat (Scotoecus pallidus) specimens were captured using mist and hand nets. The morphological features of the captured specimens were compared with available literature. This paper documents first record of S. pallidus from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

...

 Abbas Ali1, Muhammad Altaf2*, Muhammad Samar Hussain Khan3

Winter survey of birds at Keti Bunder, district Thatha, Pakistan
...k in winter season (November, 2015 to February, 2016),
using direct and indirect methods. During the survey, total of 49 winter season bird species belonging to 33 genera
and 21 families were recorded. A total of 4280 birds were recorded dedicated survey effort from the Keti Bunder.
Dominance (D), Shannon-Wiener diversity Index (H’), Simpson Index (S), Evenness (E) and Margalef (R) were
observed form the study area as; 0.06, 3...

 Bushra Siyal1, Sanjota Nirmal Das1, Rafia Rehana Ghazi2, Aly Khan3

Heterotestophyes gibsoni sp.n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the bird little tern (Sternula albifrons) in Sindh, Pakistan
...n are 57-60 in
number. Ovary pre-testicular, sub median, equal in size to anterior testis. Uterus profuse with loops in hind body,
between the genital atrium and anterior testis. Vitellaria follicular, commence at little distance below the genital
atrium, extend up to the hind body above the testes, eggs are oval shaped and double walled.

...

 Muhammad Babar Khawar1, Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Sana Fatima3, Khawaja Abdul Mujeeb2, Nadeem Sheikh1

Alterations in proteins and transaminases activity induced by thioacetamide in albino rats
...f hepatic damage by a number
of researchers. The current investigation was designed to evaluate changes in tissue and serum total proteins and
albumin along with urea, uric acid and serum transaminases activity after 12 and 24h of TAA administration in albino
rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=3) namely control group, 12h group and 24h group. Each
experimental group (12h and 24h) was administered 300 mg/ kg TAA in...

Shaukat Ali1,*, Sundas Nasreen1, Sobia Safeer1, Saiqa Andleeb1, Mubashir Ejaz1, Saira Bano2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3

Medicinal plants as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment
...rrent declined in the number of new molecular entities from the
medicinal industry, unique anticancer agents are being required from traditional medicines. According to recently
published data, this article reports a detailed review of ethnomedicinally important anticancerous medicinal plants. It
will provide a new way to explore the therapeutic value of plants and characterization of biologically active
compounds from them that may...

 Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Zafar Iqbal Khan2, Saira Batool2, Kafeel Ahmad2, Salma Begum2

Residual effect of lambda-cyhalothrin on abundance of insect pollinators in marigold field patch
...3gm/ml) was used. The number of different
pollinators that visited the marigold plant before and after insecticidal spray was
recorded. In semi-field experiment, honey bees were exposed to insecticide treated
plants for one hour. The mortality rate of honey bees in the control and insecticide
exposed group was compared. Overall, a significant decline in plant pollinators was
observed after application of lambda-cyhalothrin on...

 Waqas Ali, Arshad Javid, Ali Hussain, Syed Mohsin Bukhari

Public attitude towards amphibian and reptiles in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan
...urvey extending from October, 2015 through March, 2016 was planned to
document public perceptions towards amphibians and reptiles in district Kasur,
Pakistan. A total of 200 respondents, 50 from each tehsil were interviewed from all
the four tehsils namely Pattoki, Chunnian, Kot Radha Kishan and Kasur. The
people of the study area used to prepare traditional medicines from body parts of
Bungarus caeruleus, Naja naja, Ptyas mu...

 Zafar Iqbal

A review of fisheries education in University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
... University is ranked number one. This is
the oldest multi-disciplinary university which was established in 1882. During last
six years (2010-2015) 3187 research papers were published in journals with impact
factors by university’s teaching faculty. In last eight years (2008-2015) 1153
scholars were awarded PhD degrees by the University. The zoology department
was established in 1921 and is now ranked among top departme...

 Sobia Faisal1*,Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad2, Maleeha Manzoor3, Madiha Manzoor4, Faisal Rifaq5

Socio-psychological factors related to tuberculosis diagnostic test seeking behavior in Pakistan
...th seeking behavior of tuberculosis (TB) patients globally,
however, the need to understand why these factors affect the health seeking
behavior of TB patients in the light of behavioral theories in still unmet. This study
evaluates the role of social and psychological factors affecting TB diagnostic test
seeking behavior of patients in low socioeconomic country like Pakistan in relation
to “Health Belief Model”, ...

Faheem Ali1*, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1, Abdul Basit2, Muhammad Kashif Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad1 and Muhammad Amir

... balanced by the same number of leading VARs in order to ensure unity power factor, thus avoiding penalties on agricultural industry. Switched Capacitors and Voltage Regulators are used to cope with such a situation. Regulators results in higher line currents thus resulting in excessive losses in addition to voltage sag problems. On the other hand, static capacitors can tackle the reactive VARs, but in steps only. Thus, a real time solution is required for sen...

Muhammad Shahzad Akbar, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed* and Muhammad Afzal 

...able damage to a wide number of agricultural crops, tree plantations and wooden infrastructures all over the world including Pakistan. This study was aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of 10 commercial formulations of new-chemistry insecticides against Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Termitidae), one of the most economic subterranean termite species in Indo-Pak region. Label-recommended dose rates of insecticides were tested against worker termites usin...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Khalid Usman2*, Muhammad Arif1, Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi3, Muhammad Munir4 and Imran Khan

...d were Hazarvi, Anmol, Amber, King, Advanta-205, Surbhi, Royal, Nobel, Sharmic and Louki (local check variety). The experiment was laid-out in randomized complete block design having ten treatments (including 9 exotics plus 1 local genotype) and three replications. The results showed that there were significant variations in all the parameters except moisture content that was found to be non-significant in 2013. The comparative assessment of the exotic germpla...

Akshay Sharma*, Mohit Mahajan, Madhumeet Singh and Pravesh Kumar 

...n the basis of genital tubercle, median raphe, scrotal and penis impression. With the aid of ultrasonography and color Doppler technique, it is possible to determine the twins’ zygosity and viability. 

...

Misbahullah, Shad Khan Khalil, Asim Muhammad*, Afza Tabassum and Shah Fahad  

...of flag leaf, tillers number m-2 and spikelets per spike and decreased weed density in wheat. Sorghum extract sprayed at 1:3 gave more days to anthesis (123.4), days to physiological maturity (155.0) and sorghum concentration applied at 1:4 gave significantly more tillers m-2 (194.5) and more spikelets spike-1 (21.0). Sorghum extract concentration with combination of weedicide sprayed at tillering stage gave less number of w...

Neelum Andaleeb1*, Munir Khan1, Syed Attaullah Shah1 and Rahmat Ullah2 

...in district Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to investigate determinants of welfare of livestock farm households with special reference to women’s participation in livestock farming. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect a sample of 274 livestock farm households from six union councils of district Mardan. Data were collected through face to face interviews from female members of the selected livestock farm ho...
Ajmal Khan* and Rehan Ullah
...rom January 2013 to December of the same calendar year to cover all the four seasons. The data of this descriptive study was processed and analyzed to investigate the prevalence of malaria and its specific aetiologic agents in suspected patients reported to various laboratories of Agency Head Quarter Hospital Khar, Bajaur Agency. In this study, a total number of 9720 suspected individuals were examined; among which 1273 (13....

Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1*, Amjad Khan1, Mahmood Alam Khan1, Waqas Ahmad2, Shafiq ur Rehman3, Mohammad Sharif4 and Sajjad Ahmad1 

...ed at Tarbela during October-September and at Mangla during October-June with SDI value of -2.36 and -2.74, respectively. Moderate to severe wet conditions were also detected in the analysis period. Several strategies for the mitigation of adverse impacts of droughts in the study region are recommended. 

...

Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Iqbal1 and Malik Muhammad Hashim2 

...s, plant height (cm), number of leaves plant -1, leaf length (cm), leaf area (cm2), leaf weight plant-1(g), root weight plant-1 (g), root/top ratio, root length (cm), root diameter (cm), sucrose%, tss %, purity %, leaf yield (t ha-1), root yield (t ha-1), sugar yield (t ha-1) and harvesting index. The results indicated significant variation among the treatments for all parameters during both years of study. Among the treatments I3 (15 days’’ interv...
Zhongquan Zhao*, Tianyuan Yang, Lei Qiao, Qijie He and Zinuo Dai
...showed that the age of puberty, sex maturity and breeding for male and female kids were 102.0±4.2 days vs. 117.0±8.7 days; 216.0±28.5 days vs. 195.0±22.4 days; 490.0±38.5 days vs. 355.0±27.5 days, respectively. Estrous cycle was 20.1±0.5 days. The duration of the natural estrous period of Dazu black goat (41.4±8.6 h) was longer than these reported goat breeds and was not significant difference among the d...

Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Nazakat Nawaz, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Tahira, Doulat Baig, Ihsan Ullah Khan and Shamim ul Sibtain Shah 

...d, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seed yield (kg/ha). Seed yield ranged from 352 to 878 kg/ha with a mean value of 521 kg/ha. A total of forty genotypes produced more seed yield than standard cultivar (517 kg/ha) with a range of 524 to 878 kg/ha. Maximum variation was showed by pods per plant, seed yield, branches per plant, pod filling period and plant height. Dendrogram based on ...
Fatih Korkmaz1, Veysel Parlak2, Özgür Kaynar3, Arzu Ucar2, Gonca Alak1,* and Muhammed Atamanalp2
...resulted in increased number of bacteria and chemical values compared to other treatment groups (p<0.05). The turmeric coating also results in increased protein concentration compared to other coatings and control group (p<0.05).
...
Farhat Iqbal1, Mohammad Masood Tariq2,*, Ecevit Eyduran3, Zil-e-Huma4, Abdul Waheed5, Farhat Abbas2, Muhammad Ali2, Nadeem Rashid2, Majed Rafeeq2, Asadullah2 and Zahid Mustafa2
Radek Aulicky1,*, Vaclav Stejskal1 and George Opit2
...> in an experimental chamber. We tested two DDVP evaporation regimes from the strips, namely, “preventive” and “repressive”. In the “preventative” regime, the strips are introduced 168 h before pest exposure whereas in the “repressive” regime strips are introduced concurrently with pests. Based on our data, mortalities ranged from 0 to 100% depending on species. The most sensitive species was O. surinamensis

Amara Amjad Hashmi1,2,*, Maqbool Hussain Sial3, Waqar Akram4 and Maaida Hussain Hashmi5,6

...on, households’ member with basic education and higher education, live stock ownership, consumption of livestock produced at home, farming, consumption of food crop produced at home and foreign and domestic remittances plays a significant positive role in caloric intake of food insecure households. 

...

Muhammad Tahir Amin, Khalid Usman*, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik and Nishter Ali

...related traits such as fiber length, fiber strength, micronaire, and fiber uniformity. Frequent irrigation interval (7th day) produced taller plants (139 cm) and more sympodial branches (18.3) compared to less frequent irrigations (10-19th day). However, 19th day irrigation interval significantly improved seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits (fi

Syed Said Badshah Bukhari1*, Ghulam Ali Bajwa2 and S. Shafiqur Rehman

...Division -Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, for the time period 1962-2011. Time function response and impacts of changing climate were estimated on the basis of annual ring-width and intra-ring wood formations. The results showed mean ring-width of 2.54±0.11 mm/annum with mean sensitivity and coefficient of variation of 0.38 and 19.50%, respectively. Overall, a decreasing trend was observed in ring-width. The largest mean ring-width was 3.33&plu...

Sahar Shibli1,2*, Farzana Siddique1, Saeeda Raza2, Zaheer Ahsan3 and Irum Raza4 

...0.06 to 8.53± % fiber. Mineral analysis of peanut cultivars showed 12.60±0.38 to 16.61±1.51 mg/100g Fe , 2.34±0.075 to 3.37±0.040 mg/100g Zn, 38.64±3.50 to 48.24±32.58 mg/100g Ca, 67.81±7.86 to 82.72±9.09 mg/100g Mg, 199.19±33.18 to 342.00±19.03 mg/100g Na and 1220.6±9.045 to 1411.3±1.71 mg/100g P and 841.01±50.41 to 992.98±36.10 mg/100g K. Fatty acid chara...
Asim Faraz1,*, Muhammad Younas2, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Yaqoob2 and Kashif Ishaq3

 

...sing were kikar, phulai, beri, siras, jand, khagal, dhaman, persain, khawi, bui, bhakra, kari, laana, phog, karir and khar laana. Regarding hair mineral status Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn concentrations were found to be significantly different (P<0.05) between calf groups being higher in IMS as (685.07±15.86, 595.67±15.86; 104.33±5.12, 101.17±5.12; 7.08±0.34, 6.73±0.34; 65.33±2.25, 59.33±2.25; 322.20&plu...
Jair Millán-Orozco1,*, Jersson Millán-Orozco2 and Luz María Tejada-Ugarte3
...as observed during September (38.9±11.4 min/h), while in May (27.1±14.3 min/h) was the month with least activity (P<0.05). Within days, the highest (P<0.05) grazing activity was observed at 06:00, 12:00 and 18:00 h (34.9±12.0, 31.8±12.9 and 34.5±10.6 min/h, respectively), while 09:00 and 15:00 h (28.6±13.4 and 28.0±15.7 min/h) were the periods with least activity (P<0.05). A correla...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Memoona Chaudhary2, Riaz Hussain3, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Madiha Khan6, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Mehtab Ahmad7, Muhammad Sajid Hasni2Imran Qaiser8, Ghazanfar Rashid1, Ikramul Haq1 and Ikramullah Khan8
...ing and higher parity number with S. aureus subclinical mastitis. This study highlights the effect of agro-climatic conditions on S. aureus subclinical mastitis which is instrumental when devising strategies for effective disease control according to the climatic conditions of the area.
...
Muhammad Furqan1, Usman Ali1,*, Anjum Ara1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Muhammad Siddique Awan3, Riaz Aziz Minhas3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmad3, Qamar Zaman Qamar4 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar5
... length were laid and number of active burrows counted and habitat analysed using quadrat method. Mongoose was distributed with average population density of 9.8 animal/km2, with highest (17.8 animal/Km2) density at Kalyal and lowest (3.5 animal/km2) at Panyam. Most favored altitudinal range was 450 m to-550 m (asl). Population density was the highest (12 animals/km2) in October an...

Ali Bakhsh1*, Mashal Rehman1, Said Salman1 and Rehmat Ullah

... seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits under water stress and non-stress conditions. All the genotypes depicted significant differences for days to first square formation, days to first flower formation, plant height, monopodial branches per plant, sympodial branches per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, fiber length, fiber strength, un...

Salman Ali*, Inamullah, Muhammad Arif, Mehran Ali, Muhammad Owais Iqbal, Fazal Munsif and Arsalan Khan 

...Increasing irrigation numbers substantially increased yield of maize crop and taller plants with higher number of grains ear-1, 1000-grain weight, biological and grain yield, and harvest index were observed in plots irrigated five times. Likewise, 75 kg K ha-1 application resulted in higher biological (plant height and biological yield) and grain yield (grains ear-1, thousand grains weight, grain yield and harvest index) com...

Zakiullah1, Muhammad Farid Khan1*, Muhammad Mohibullah3, Muhammad Iqbal2, Irfanullah3, Faheemullah3, Madiha Urooj1 and Uzma Arif1 

...nt height, leaf area, number of grains ear-1, grains moisture % at harvest, grain yield and biological yield. Mean square values due to general combining ability were highly significant (P≤0.01) for all the experimental parameters except grain yield and biological yield. Highly significant specific combining ability for direct and reciprocal crosses shows highly significant differences for all the studied parameters. PSEV-3 proved best combiner for days to ...

Raza Ullah1* and Jamal Shah

... farm productivity in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. 330 wheat growers were selected using multistage sampling technique and Analysis of Variance was used to compare the average wheat yield of farmers using different combinations of the two risk coping tools namely, off-farm diversification and precautionary savings. The results suggested that adoption of risk coping tools, particularly the simultaneous adoption of multiple tools at the same time, si...

Muhammad Rameez Khan1, Muhammad Imtiaz2, Farhatullah3, Sohail Ahmad1 and Sajid Ali1* 

...e than 98% fields. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the disease was detected in 17% fields, while in Kashmir the disease was present in only 11% of surveyed fields. In Gilgit-Baltistan, the disease was detected in four fields from three surveyed districts. Among the five provinces and Azad Jammu and Kashmir, powdery mildew was a major problem in Northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Kashmir. Among the cultivated varieties surveyed, severe i...

Shumaila Nazeer1, Iqbal Javed1*, Allah Bakhsh2, Mudassar Yasin2, Haroon Javaid3 and Kaniz Fatima1 

...akistan stands at the number 12th among citrus producing country. Pakistan is the world largest producer of citrus reticula variety (kinnow). The current study under hand is conducted to find the margin and determinants of kinnow exports from Pakistan to international markets of UAE and USA by using the primary data. Primary data is collected through pretested questionnaire from 30 kinnow exporters out of total 40 exporters. Personal interviews were conducted ...

Shamsher Ali1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Zahir Shah2, Naveedullah3 and Abdul Jalal1 

...rgence, plant height, number of leaves, shoots and roots weight. The results revealed that all data parameters except number of leaves were affected significantly (p < 0.05) by different levels of salinity. Irrespective of maize varieties, the percent emergence, plant height, number of leaves, shoots and roots weight of Maize were reduced with linear increasing levels of salinity. Among...

Muhammad Amin1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Abida Perveen1, Zareen Rauf1, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2 and Muhammad Ijaz2 

...June. From August to October, the drought also advances in towards North side. In months of November and December, the drought conditions disappeared in the selected areas. Similarly, the spatial analysis of VCI showed that there were minor drought circumstances in the center and southern sides for the month of February whereas drought conditions found more intense during months of March a...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2 
...tudy, response of five aubergine cultivars was evaluated against Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) under field conditions. The cultivar Round White Brinjal showed maximum fruit infestation (54.44%) followed by Singhnath 666 (53.19%) while the minimum fruit infestation was observed on Round Brinjal 86602 (42.39%). Contrarily, Short Purple cultivar showed maximum larval population (0.43) followed by Round White Brinjal (0.39) whi...

Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Tahir Amin1, Muhammad Riaz2, Zafar Iqbal3 and Fiaz Hussain

...g out turn (GOT, 37%), fiber length (28.1mm), fiber strength (29.5 g per tex) and micronaire value (3.5 µg per inch) were achieved from irrigation interval of 25 days. Interaction effects (irrigation x varieties) revealed that variety CRIS-134 in combination with 25 days irrigation interval conserved 60 % more water, produced 60.5% more bolls per plant, 21.1% higher GOT, 48.7% higher seed cotton yield, and 12.4% higher...

Muhammad Naveed Afzal1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Muhammad Ahmad1, Khuram Mubeen2, Muhammad Ayaz Khan3, Muhamamd Umer Afzal4 and Shakeel Ahmad

...t yield and associated fiber properties. In this RCBD split plot experiment, two planting densities (8.88 and 4.44 plants m-2) were assigned to main plot and four nitrogen rates (0, 50,100 and 150 kg N ha-1) were kept in sub plots with three replications. The PD was maintained by altering the within plant spaces keeping the row spaces (75 cm) constant. The results indicated that significant PD X N interaction was observed for plant biomass components i.e. the ...

Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan 

...he total rice growers number in this district was37557, Balambat 6121 and Lalqila 5167which make total in both tehsils 11228. Through Yamani Formula 100 sample size was fixed and distribute the sample according to proportionate formula between two tehsil, Balambat 54 and Lalqila 46. Similarly, semi structured questionnaire was used for data collection while descriptive statistics and Cob Douglass Production Function were used for data analysis. The results ind...

Najeeb Ullah1, Niamat Ullah Khan2*, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Muhammad Safdar Baloch1, Ejaz Ahmad Khan1, Farkhanda Khan3 and Zaki Ullah

...M-602 ranked first in number of bolls/plant, weight per boll, seed cotton yield, staple length, strength and micrronaire in April 15 sowing. Former and later on cotton sowing than April 15 resulted in decreased cotton yield and fibre due to shorter growth phase and unsuitable environment, respectively. Thus it is concluded that the genotype, CIM-602 sown on April 15 suits well to the study area and had the potential to optimize cotton yield and quality in irri...

Sonia1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai1*, Noor Paio Khan2, Abbas Ullah Jan1 and Gulnaz Hameed3 

...wheat productivity in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Province, Pakistan. The nexus of wheat productivity with selected climatic variables that includes temperature, precipitation and humidity was also inquired through this research. Panel data of wheat crop’s input and aforesaid climatic variables for the period of thirty years (1985-2015) was employed to figure-out the major findings. Econometric diagnostic tests were used to verify the model stability. Theref...
Ali Murad Rahoo1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2, Barkat Ali Bughio3 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4
...thin 6 days. The mean numbers of IJ of S. feltiae invading each G. mellonella, T. molitor medium and small were significantly greater (11.2, 15.2 and 11.4 IJ, respectively) than those of H. bacteriophora (2.8 IJ each per G. mellonella and T. molitor medium and 3 IJ per T. molitor small). Contrarily, there was greater emergence of IJ of H. bacteriophora than S. feltiae in all the treatments. The mea...
Zhi YiJin1, Shao MingQin1,*, Cui Peng2 and Chen Bin1
... March 2016, and in November 2016, we examined the effects of sex and ambient temperature on how time was budgeted, and activity rhythms were established in wintering Mandarin Ducks (Aix galericulata). This was done using instantaneous scan sampling in the Poyang Lake watershed in the Jiangxi province, China. The results showed that the Mandarin Ducks’ predominant behaviors were resting (36.56%), swimming (21.75%), foraging (20.88%), and maintenan...

Farhan, Shahid Ali* and Syed Attaullah Shah 

... in district Swabi of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this purpose, 160 wheat growers were selected through multi-stage stratified random sampling technique. Primary data was collected through well designed interview schedule. Normalized restricted trans log profit function was first approximated for further estimation of output supply and input demand elasticities. Results indicated that response of output supply to the price of wheat and land was positive ...
Dur-E-Shahwar1,2, Riaz Ahmad Sheikh1, Nazia Jamil2*
...The GenBank accession numbers obtained for F1, F3, F20, F23 and C16 were MH424576, MH161599, MH424577, MH424578 and MH424579 respectively.
...

Ali Awais, Charassri Nualsri and Watcharin Soonsuwon* 

...ight, panicle length, number of filled grains, number of grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight and yield per plant showed a clear fall off when compared to control while the panicle length in both mutants were higher than that of control. Several mutants also revealed some notable phenotypic variations in the roots, seeds, panicles and leaf morphology. Phenotypic observations determined that the Dawk Kha 50 has more potentia...

Noor ul Ain*, Malik Muhammad Shafi and Haidar Ali* 

...ion technique a total number of 120 households were selected from two villages namely Landi Arbab and Deh Bahadar. Data was analyzed through Double log model for estimation of demand for the selected vegetables. It was found that household head in Landi Arbab includes 87.10% male and 12.90% female whereas in Deh Bahadar, 94.82% household heads were male and 5.18% of the household head were female. Descriptive statistics showed that the average household size w...
Juan Augusto Hernández-Rivera1, Jaime Molina-Ochoa2,*, Luis Jorge García-Márquez1, Omar Francisco Prado-Rebolledo1, Rafael Julio Macedo-Barragán1, Arturo César García-Casillas1 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah3
...on (305 d), lactation number, fertility rate, and economic impact to observe clarity the potential of each crossbred in dairy cattle in the future.
...

Muhammad Aslam Rajput1,3, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan2, Rehana Naz Syed3 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi3* 

...or evaluating a large number of propagative materials; standardized germplasm screening protocols as well as optimized inoculation techniques are required. The pathogen inoculation method should be less cumbersome, simple, and rapid. Here, we compared the effectiveness of six different inoculation methods, i.e., dipping, paste, wound+paste, soil infestation, spraying and injection methods for the establishment of smut diseas...

Rehmat Ullah* and Khalid Nawab 

...adda and Mansehra) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Furthermore, four union council viz. Band Kurai, Baidara, Khanmai and Baffa from the sampled districts were selected. A total of 384 respondents were selected through unknown population sampling formulae i.e. 96 from each Union Council. Data were collected using well-structured interview schedule through personal interview method whereas binary logistic regression model w...

Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza2, Sami Ullah1, 3*, Malik Muhammad Yousaf2, Ahmad Mujtaba1, Mumtaz Hussain2, Muhammad Jahangir Shah2, Bashir Ahmad2 and Ijaz Ahmad4 

...n yield (7.2 t ha-1), number of grains cob-1 (528), 1000-grain weight (265 g), plant height (205 cm), plant population (7.2 plants m-2) and stem diameter (1.58 cm), cob length (19.1 cm), biological yield (19.5 t ha-1) and harvest index (37.0%), while lowest grain yield (3.08 t ha-1), number of grains per cob (319), 1000 grain weight (204 g), plant height (174 cm), plant population (6.2 plants m-2), stem diameter (1.28 cm), c...
Liqin Liu, Maoting Wang, Zhenming Lü, Li Gong*, ChangWen Wu, Baoying Guo and Lihua Jiang
...ere detected, and the number of alleles per loci ranged from 2 to 9. The observed and expected heterozygosities per loci ranged from 0.000 to 0.531 and from 0.031 to 0.751, respectively. Polymorphism information content (PIC) showed that six loci were highly informative (PIC > 0.5). Five loci (CL1142, CL1770, CL2683, CL3494, CL 3674) significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after a Bonferroni correction ...
Hande Küçükönder1, Pınar Çelebi Demirarslan1,*, Aykut Burgut2 and Mustafa Boğa3
...that January, March, October, November and December are the months when production performance is high. When these months were ranked among themselves, it was observed that January, March and November are the first three ranks, respectively, and that the rank was also supported by the combined results of different techniques. As a result, in terms of pro...
Aisha Khalid1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Abdual Rauf Shakoori2, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Tahir Yaqub3, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Sehrish Firyal1, Zaheer Hussain4 and Munir Ahmad5
...e are reporting a new member of M42 Family of aminopeptidases. The stability of this recombinant cellulase at wide range of temperature, pH, its high level activity and its paper deinking potential makes it a suitable candidate for its use in paper industry.
...
Liyan Zhang1,2, Zhidong Zhou1,3, Haiping Li1,2, Yanlong Qiao4, 5 and Yueping Zhang1,3,*
...cal demography of Scomber japonicus collected from four geographical locations in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters. The results of genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis of S. japonicus showed that these four populations exhibited moderate genetic diversity across the sampled geographical range of the species. However, no phylogenetic structure corresponding to geographic location was observed from the neighbor-joining (NJ) tre...
Yang Liu1, Jing-xin Mao2, Xiao-dong Wei2, Man Yi2, Xiao-long Zhang2, Ke Zheng3, Xian-xin Chen4, Guo-Ze Wang5 and Bing-bo Chen1,*
...significantly reduced number of E. coli than the control group (P<0.05), while the number of lactobacilli was significantly increased than the control group (P<0.05). The thymus index was significantly higher in the mixed fermentation BFA group and Lactobacillus BFA group than the control group (P<0.05); while significant difference was seen in the spleen index between the mixed fermentation BFA group and the...

Mohammad Wasiullah Khan1*, Abdur Rab1, Roshan Ali2, Muhammad Sajid1, Faiza Aman1, Imran Khan3, Iqbal Hussain3 and Akhtar Ali3 

...tes of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) at Agricultural Research Institute Mingora Swat, during winter 2014. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design using three replications. Four K levels (00, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1) and three levels of Zn (00, 05 and 10 kg ha-1) were used. The various parameters studied during experiment were tuber yield (ton ha-1), total soluble solids (TTS), specific gravity and sta...

Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Irshad Abbasi2, Himayatullah Khan1, Arjumand Nizami3, Abdul Hakeem4, Jawad Ali3 and Muhammad Jamal Khan

... the winter months (December to April). In general, monsoon period is dry, and only 18% of total annual precipitation occurs during the months of July-October. Burgay watershed is situated upstream of Satpara Dam. Water from this watershed is distributed among the communities according to historically agreed distribution patterns. Water availability vary from season to season. The objective of the instant study was to assess...

Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan, Urooba Pervaiz And Mehmood Iqbal 

...tudy was conducted in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)-Pakistan. Three districts were randomly selected from zone C i.e. Peshawar, Swabi and Mardan with the objective to investigate the information sources of extension agents, views of extension agents on adoption constraints and the extension methods used by them. All agricultural officers and 40% of field assistants were interviewed making a sample of 81 extension agents; 10 agricultural officers and 71 field assista...

Tanweer Ahmed*, Kashif Saeed Khan and Mohammad Naeem 

...lth, road length, the number of tube wells in the agriculture sector, improved seed distribution has been estimated through various econometric approaches in the study. Pakistan’s agriculture growth has registered mixed trends from 1972 to 2014. Empirical evidence from developing countries suggests that public spending has a profoundly positive relationship with agricultural growth. Agriculture is the second largest sector of Pakistan’s economy, ac...
Catherine J. Allen
...ed in a critique of neoliberal development paradigms. Ecuador and Bolivia have enshrined sumak kawsay and suma qamaña in their national constitutions. How does this political discourse correspond to indigenous notions of well-being experienced in the socio-culturally diverse communities of the Andean region? I begin by focusing on inhabitants of Sonqo, a rural Quechua-speaking community in the highlands of southern Peru, where I ...
Madeeha Khalid and Amtul Jamil Sami*
...hic gene family whose members contain regions of very similar conserved sequences making this gene a challenging candidate to analyze. Almost 90% of the sequence of growth hormone gene family members is similar and prone to single nucleotide variations. The sequence variation occurring in the non-coding region of the GH-1 gene leads to altered transcriptional regulation causing various developmental defects in humans. In thi...
Zhen-Yang Wu1, Guang-Xin E2,*, Hui Ran1, Da-Hui Wang1 and Tian-You Yang1
...es were detected. The number of haplotypes within populations ranged from one (WS and DJ) to six (JK). Haplotype diversity ranged from 0.000 (DJ and WS) to 0.793 (JK). The largest amount of nucleotide diversity was found in the SQ population (0.03111 ), whereas the smallest amount was in the DJ and WS (0.00000) populations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these 10 populations could be separated into two clusters: the first included CD, WS, YP, JK, and ST, ...

Zafrullah Khan* and Shah Alam Khan 

...tify;">Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important vegetable food crop in Pakistan. Myzus persicae is an insect pest of potato, feeding on phloem tissues of leaves of potato plant and significantly reduces the yield of potato. Antixenosis experiments were performed to assess the resistance potential of eight different potato cultivars against M. persicae under glasshouse conditions for three different durations of time (12, 24 and 48 hours) during spring and...

Irfan Ullah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Muhammad Fayaz, Amjad Ali and Atta Ullah Shah 

...ions of households in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan to understand the demand for different food commodities and to determine the effects of important economic factors such as prices and income. Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) model is used to estimate food demand patterns using the Household Integrated Economic Survey part of Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement for the year 2011-12. Fourteen food groups as per HIES including m...
Seth Ligo
...tworks that extend to members beyond the contemporary and the mundane. 
...
Kathryn Phillips and Katherine L. Schaefer
...ath to eventual bodily liberation, and that ultimately well-being is epitomized by the annihilation of desires. Turning to Western clinical ethics—Beauchamp and Childress’ influential principlism in particular—we explore how a Jain who is on the path to eventual bodily liberation via a fast to the death might be treated, and the difficulties inherent in applying an ethics framework that remains neutral abou...

Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Sidra Mushtaq1, Muhammad Tariq Malik2, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Shoaib Fareed3, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar

...gn: justify;">Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) of family Papilionaceae, is a large deciduous multipurpose timber tree. In Indian-subcontinent, the tree is cultivated in forest plantation as well as avenues, road sides and canal banks. Because of greater strength, elasticity and durability, the wood is highly valued as constructional and general utility timber. This review article shows the work c...

Muhamamd Naeem1 and Murad Khan2* 

...hera during August-September 2010 to make an economic assessment of seasonal variations in the poultry industry. There were 400 poultry farms in district Nowshera but the preliminary survey showed 127 operational poultry farms scattered over in the study area. Out of total farms, 60 firms were selected randomly. To capture the seasonal variation and effects of different factors on seasonal fluctuations in the poultry industry, a descriptive statistic as well a...

 Muqader Shah1,*, Hafsa Zaneb2, Saima Masood2, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Salahud Din1, Shakirullah3, Imad Khan2, Ambrina Tariq4 and Habib ur Rehman5

...that muscle pH, muscle fiber diameter (MFD) and muscle fiber cross sectional area (MFCSA) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2 compared to all other treatments under HS. Drip losses was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the treatment groups compared to T2. Muscle fascicle diameter (MFSD) and muscle fascicle cross sectional area (MFSCSA) were significantly (P<0.01) lower in T2 and T3 while higher (P<0.01) in all...

Farhana Gul1*, Dawood Jan1 and Muhammad Ashfaq2 

...ent climatic zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were measured in this study. TOA-MD model was used to measure the impact of climate change adaptation strategies. Adjustment in sowing time, improved fertilizer application method and increasing sowing densities were three-major adaptation practices whose benefits were analyzed. The adaptation results indicated that adopters of adaptation technology would range from 33 % to 74.47 % in Dera Ismail Khan and 62 %...

Saeed Ullah1, Muhammad Israr1*, Shakeel Ahmad2, Nafees Ahmad3 and Asif Yaseen

...f the farmers was 6-9 members per HH. Farming experience of the HH heads was 21-31 and above years as reported by 63.33% of the respondents. Chi-square P-values pointed that age, HH size and farming experience have positive relationship with the LD. Land possession was 6-15 acre for the 53.33% of the farmers and growing both cash and food crops. In the area, the farmers perceived for the high level of LD and the causes for this was soil erosion, soil fertility...

Huma Khalil1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Sajjad Khalil1, Farghama Khalil2 and Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel1 

...ing January 2014 to December 2015 from various citrus growing localities. A total of 3,176 parasitoids belonging to five subfamilies (Alysiinae, Aphidiinae, Braconinae, Microgastrinae and Opiinae), 12 genera and 16 species were collected. Out of them, two genera and 12 species were recorded for the first time from this area. Aphidiinae contains 1,107 individuals which showed that it’s a dominant braconid subfamily while Opiinae (209) was the least domina...

Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1, Batim Turdam1, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Waziri Ibrahim Anjili2 and Mayowa Olabode2 

...carried out between November 2017 and May 2018 to determine the prevalence and risk factors for endoparasitic infections in donkeys at Ganawuri district market, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. Fecal and blood samples were collected from 300 donkeys and analyzed using a standard laboratory procedure. Coprological examination conducted using flotation and sedimentation techniques showed that 276 (92.0%) were positive for gastrointestinal nematodes. A great...

 Tazeen Jamil, Saba Ijaz, Rabia Arif*, Faiza Akram and Muhammad Saleem

...e exhibited more copy number of Ty3-gypsy, LINEs and Ty1-copia as compared to strains from North facing slope. In total, 52 fragments of Metaviridae (Ty3-gypsy), 104 fragments of LINEs and 66 fragments of Ty1-copia were sequenced. In this way, strains from the contrasting environments were successfully discriminated on the basis of retrotransposons.

...
Faiza Jabeen1,*, Bushra Muneer2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3
...arity under Accession number KF254911 (JF82) and KC849452 (JF83). The DNA G + C contents were 56.854% and 56.754% for A. rupiensis JF82 and A. rupiensis JF83, respectively. The isolates grew over a wide range of temperatures (40-70°C) and pH (4-9). The isolates exhibited growth with variety of nitrogen sources. Both thermophilic strains were grown on agro-dairy wastes to attain their cheap production by utilizing the wastes nutrients. Protein...
Muhammad Nasir1,*, Ata-ul-Mohsan2, Shafqat Saeed3, Munir Ahmad2, Muhammad Asif Aziz2 andMunir Ahmad4
...size with the highest number of workers, males and progeny queens were also observed at 1-3 ºC for three months period which suggests the importance of diapause conditions on bumblebee colony characteristics.
...
SiRui Wang1,2, Fekede Regasa Joka1,2, XiaoLong Wang1,2,* and SuYing Bai2,*
...ula roseata and Emberiza elegans, were selected.The sequences of the GTPase effector domain (GED) of the Mx gene were determined by PCR sequencing. The haplotypes were analysed by DNA SP software. The Datamonkey Adaptive Evolution Server was used to detect the selection pressure. Phylogenetic analyses of the reported sequences of jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) and the 10 tested birds were performed. A total of 10 nucleotide sequences of t...
Muhammad Nasir1,*, Ata-ul-Mohsan2, Munir Ahmad2, Shafqat Saeed3, Muhammad Asif Aziz2, Muhammad Imran4 and Umer Ayyaz Aslam Sheikh4
...characteristic of post-hibernated queens of Bombus terrestris during flight activity period and solitary phase of development. Results showed that survival rate and colony initiation rate of the queen was highest at 28 ºC and 30 ºC. Different parameters in the initial stage of colony growth like pre-oviposition period and emergence timing of the first worker were observed best at 28 and 30 ºC. Number of...

Saud Khan and Inamullah* 

... revealed that higher number of achenes (grains) capitulum-1 (974) and thousand achenes weights (51.4 g) were produced with MB plough which were statistically at par with cultivator, while higher achene yield (2080 kg ha-1) and oil yield (873 kg ha-1) were observed under MB plough tilled experimental units which were statistically at par with rotavator. In case of P levels, higher plant height (157.3 cm), higher number of ac...
Fakhra Soomro1,*, Riffat Sultana2 and Muhammad Saeed Wagan2
...s Sphingonotus Fieber viz. S. savignyi Saussure and S. rubescens rubescens (Walker) were studied exclusively form Sindh during the 2014-2016. Both species passed through six instars larvae. Emergence of larval instars in both species was started from the month of July just after monsoon rainfall, whereas, S. savignyi immature emerges earlier than S. rubescens rubescens and increases their density rapidly in open ground...

Muhammad Adnan Islam1,2*, Muhammad Iqbal2, Zia-ul-Haq2,3, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Shabbir Ahmed Kalwar1, Liaqat Ali Shahid1, Badar Munir Khan Niazi1 and Muzammil Husain1 

...s sown wheat in the December and January due to long process of field preparation by conventional method. Zone disc tiller machine developed in the department of Farm Machinery and Power, was employed for sowing wheat instead of conventional tillage in cotton stubble to avoid further late sowing of wheat. Zone disc tiller drill sows crop in strips. Strip tillage of soil reduced labour, fuel, irrigation and machinery costs. Zone disk tiller was tested for its f...

Abdul Kabir1, Laiba Uroog2*, Naushad Ahmad3, Fawad Ahmad3, Muhammad Saqib3, Noor Badshah4 and Taj Ali Khan3 

...ohort of buffaloes at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. 120 quarter samples were collected from suspected buffaloes in selected areas of Peshawar, Charsadda, Mohmand Agency, and Dara Adam Khel. Initially, California Mastitis Test was performed for screening of positive samples. Afterward, the bacterial profile was confirmed through biochemical testing. The quarter wise prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 25%. Within this, contribution of Gram-negative bacteria was 68% an...

Gulnaz Saleem1, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1*, Nouman Rashid2 and Mehar un Nisa Narejo3 

...alues for ash, fat and fiber (3.02%, 3.02% and 10.99%) respectively. Whereas; PM-09 possessed higher moisture (13.89%); though Masoor-93 was higher in protein content (25.16%) than all other varieties. The supplementation resulted in a significant increase in protein, fat, crude fiber and ash contents of the biscuits. The thickness and spread factor of biscuits differ significantly while non-significant effect was observed i...

Arshad Farooq* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan 

...nagement practices in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Sugarcane growers were selected randomly and Data were collected through interview schedule from 285 respondents in D.I. Khan and Mardan districts during sugarcane cropping season, 2018. Knowledge gap index was applied as a measuring tool. The empirical results indicated that no knowledge gap was found among farmers of D.I. Khan district regarding land preparation, sowing and harvesting tim...

Aziz Ur Rahman* and Syed Mehar Ali Shah 

... and Charsadda of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan during 2017. Pooled analysis of variance indicated significant (p≤0.01) differences among the environments, genotypes and GEI for spikelets panicle-1, grains panicle-1, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Across four locations, AUP-30 showed the highest number of spikelets panicle-1 (242.5), grains panicle-1 (228.6) and maximum 1000-grain weight (29.0 g). Rice R...
Bushra Siddique1,*, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Naeem1 and Muhammad Ali2
...xhibited highest mean number entries of C. septempunctata (6.13%) and highest mean time spend(6.23%) as compared to two other treatments applied. The results revealed that alarm pheromone component effective kairomone for aphid predatory beetles. It was found that T6 (β-pinene + E-β-Farnesene) exhibited highest mean number entries of D. rapae (7.50%) and highest mean time spen...
...e editorial team was flabbergasted by the responses of scientists whose names were exploited and proven the intentional fraudulent act of the (corresponding) author. 
 
Based on the mutual consent of the Chief-Editor of Pakistan Journal of Zoology and the President, Zoological Society of Pakistan and Executive Council of Zoological Society of Pak...

Hamid Ali, Muhammad Arshad, Ibad Ullah Jan, Muhammad Zamin*, Junaid Khan, Ikram Ullah and Mushtaq Ali 

..."text-align: justify;">Tuberose (Polyanthas tuberosa), is an important ornamental and perfumery plant. The research was conducted at University of Swabi during summer 2018 to evaluate the performance of tuberose under various concentrations of gibberellic acid and micronutrients. Experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) using two fa...

Tariq Shah1*, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad3 

...estock improvement in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. A total of 480 respondents from four districts, namely Swat, Mardan, Abbotabad and Dera Ismail Khan were randomly selected for interview purpose. Descriptive statistical techniques along with independent sample t-test and dummy variable regression were used for analysis. It is observed during the study that livestock extension department and private livestock doctors are the key sources where farmers get ...

Muhammad Nasrullah1*, Liu Chang1, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai2, Asaad Osman Khalid1, Rachel Bayisenge1 and Gulnaz Hameed3 

...ne of the district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Mardan). Tehsil Takht bhai was selected through purposive sampling among the three Tehsil of district Mardan. A sample of 120 growers was selected and interviewed randomly through a prepared well- structure questioner. Different practices were grouped into five parts. Land rent of the respondent area was 61,750 rupees per hectare; nursery raising cost was estimated at 11,828 rupees per hectare. The bed preparation cost...

Shahid Ali1*, Asim Khan1, Aftab Khan1 and Bakhtawar Riaz

...in district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study evaluated technical efficiency of tomato farms and to catch factors if any causing technical inefficiency in tomato production. 90 farmers were selected through multi-stage proportional allocation sampling techniques. Data was collected by using a well-structured interview schedule. Cobb-Douglas production function was employed to assess technical efficiency. Maximum likelihood estimation technique...
Farhat Iqbal1, Abdul Waheed2,*, Zil-e-Huma3 and Asim Faraz2
Abid Hussain1,2, Farida Ahmed3, Shyamali C. Dharmage4, Shafiq ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam5 and Zaigham Abbas1,*
...study revealed a huge number of patients with diverse demographics, suffering from allergic diseases and sensitization to different allergens majorly aero allergens indicating poor indoor and outdoor air quality. This demands more public health facilities, and strict environmental regulations of air quality to manage allergic diseases in Pakistan.
...
Emel Banu Buyukunal1,*, Rojan Ibrahim Albazaz1 and Mehmet Ali Bal2,3
...ia resulted in higher number of resistant isolates (n=16). In this case, isolates showed resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (7%), cefpodoxime (5.6%), ciprofloxacin (5.6%), ertapenem (2.8%) and aztreonam (1.4%). No ESBL-producing organism was detected among isolates. This is the first report on ertapenem resistant bacteria from various poultry sources in Turkey. Therefore, it is important to perform surveillance on the antibiotic resistant bacteria in he...

Fraza Ijaz1*, Umair Riaz2, Shazia Iqbal3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Muhammad Furqan Ijaz5, Hina Javed1, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Zuhra Mazhar3, Ahmad Hassan Khan6, Hassan Mehmood7 and Ijaz Ahmad8 

...t height (103.45 cm), number of seeds per head, thousand seeds weight were recorded with Co-inoculation + Tryptamine @ 10-5 M (T8). Nutritious Parameters crude protein (30.23%), neutral detergent fiber (33.45%) and acid detergent fiber (26.56%) gave significant results as compared to control (T1). Results indicated that the combined application of Rhizobium species and Tryptamine performed...

Muhammad Usman Ghani1*, Muti Ur Rehaman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Zubair Shabbir2, Li Bo3 and Naveed Anwar4 

... of provinces a large number of nomads moves from Baluchistan and Sindh to Punjab via DG Khan. Harsh climate and relatively less rain fall also contributing factors towards the establishment of infection. Contagious Ecthyma is an extremely contagious, highly communicable, economically important viral disease of skin that affects most of animals. The purpose of current study was to establish and familiarize a precise and rapid detection approaches with molecula...

Aliya Ayaz, Gohar Ayub, Maqsood Khan* and Syed Aizaz Ali Shah 

...e times. Factor A was gibberellic acid concentrations i.e. 0, 20, 40 and 60 mgL-1, while factor B was comprised of dipping durations i.e. 0, 6, 12, and 18 hours respectively. Gibberellic acid concentrations and dipping durations had significant effect on the growth and yield of bitter gourd. Gibberellic acid concentration at @ 60 mgL-1 significantly reduced days to emergence and days to fi...

Asim Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Aftab Khan1 and Raza Ullah2 

...maize productivity in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Chitral, Swat, Mansehra, Peshawar, and D.I. Khan Districts were selected from different agro-ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The climatic and non-climatic variables employed for the study were area under maize, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and precipitation, respectively. For statistical analysis, panel data record for twenty years (1996-2015) across fiv...

Ayat Ullah* and Ayesha Khan 

...rain-fed districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Using multistage random sampling technique data were collected from 395 respondents according to Yamane’s formula. The study uses the Kruskal–Wallis H test for checking differences among farmers knowledge with differences in their contact with extension service providers. The results revealed significant differences in farmers’ knowledge of chemical, biological and cultural control methods o...

Iftikhar Ud Din* and Qamruz Zaman 

...s Correlation), total number of clusters, the number of parameters to be estimated, and the information whether the design is balance or unbalance play a significant role and discussed in the present study. 

...
Wang Zaigui1,*, Guo Panpan1, Ye Miao1, Sun Linghong1, Zhang Hongfu2 and Liu Chaoliang1,*
...e remaining amount of mulberry leaves (RAML) was significantly decreased contrasting to the blank group (P<0.05). (2) In the larval duration of 4th instar silkworm, adding B. subtilis to the feed could significantly increase the AWG and RFC and decrease of RAML (P<0.05) (3) In the larval duration of 5th instar silkworm, maximum growth parameters level were achieved with silkworm in the experiment group, that the...
Lichao Feng1,2, Shaoqing Zhang4, Dianyuan Chen2, Sina Adl3 and Donghui Wu1,4*
.... Additionally, potato tuber the common food used to grew the beetles that was selected as a reference to demonstrate that blooming wildflowers through their pollen and nectar can control the A. fuscicollis population and distribution around the field. The greatest number of eggs were deposited by mated couples when the pollen, or nectar mixture was offered compared to the other foods. Each of the five food sources pr...
Asghar Khan1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Arfan Yousaf2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Mamoona Chaudhry1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Habibunnabi4 and Amjad Khan5
...lth (lactation stage, number of lactations, body mass index, udder shape and milk yield), management (udder preparation and teat dipping) and bio-security (source of animal, feed sharing, manure removal and de-worming) factors were identified as potential risk factors (OR>1; P-Value<0.05). An increasing trend of prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis was observed considering previous studies from Pakistan. It can be concluded that the health, management and...
Mohsan Iqbal1, Farid Asif Shaheen1, Rashid Mahmood2,*, Muhammad Khalid Rafique2, Imran Bodlah1, Farah Naz3 and Muhammad Usman Raja3
...th DEBBM. The minimum number of eggs (0.66 grain-1), number of holes (1 grain-1), number of F1 new emerged (5.6 jar-1), days to 100 percent mortality F1 (3), weight loss (4%), damage (5%) whereas the maximum inhibition rate of 85% and percent mortality of C. chinensis were observed in synergistic concentration of EPB as compared...

Essossinam Ali* 

...nd devoted to sorghum, tuber and cotton crops would reduce it. Being risk averse leads farmers to reduce the fertilizer and DTS use and allocate more labor in non-farm activities. The more the distance to the nearest input market is, the less the fertilizer is used. However, increasing the amount of agricultural credit would increase fertilizer and DTS use. The study concludes that any implementation of new policies to address climatic risks and food insecurit...

Mehran Ahmad, Syed Attaullah Shah and Shahid Ali* 

...in district Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The study was based on primary data, collected from a sample of 105 tomato growers selected through multistage random sampling procedure. Data was collected through a well-designed interview schedule during January-July, 2018. Cobb-Douglas type production function was used to estimate effect of important determinants on tomato yield. Results showed that the estimated coefficient of net farming (dum...
Hong Ma*, Bo Fu, Liang Wang, Zhong-qiu Li and Di Liu*

 

...ever, blastocyst cell number was not different between groups. Furthermore, proto-oncogene was reported to play roles in embryo development, thus we assessed c-Fos, c-Jun, Raf-1, and c-Myc mRNA expression in HSPC117 transgenic and pcDNA 3.1 blastocysts. It was revealed that over-expression of HSPC117 mRNA in blastocysts up-regulated c-Fos, c-Jun, Raf-1, and c-Myc mRNA expression. We suggest that ov...

Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed 

...nsect pest of a large number of agricultural and horticultural crops in South East Asia. In spite of extensive applications of conventional synthetic pesticides, citrus farmers are unable to get rid of this pest. In order to find out alternate biorational pesticides, this laboratory study was carried out to evaluate few selected novel chemistry insecticidal formulations against 2nd instar nymphs of D. mangiferae using standard twig-dip bioassay method accordin...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Nazish Mazhar Ali2, Najma Arshad3, Riffat Iqbal1 and Zain-ul-Abideen1
...lgaris (accession number: KY698020). It showed significantly reduced biofilm formation (52%; p<0.05) by test tube method compared to liquid interface coverslip assay (35%) and congo red assay. D. vulgaris was treated with various concentrations (5, 40, 80 and 100µM) of salicylidene acylhydrazide and 5-15 µM of proteases (proteinase K, trypsin, and chymotrypsin). Concentration dependent decrease was observed after 72 hours in biofilm f...

Tahira Jatt1, Ghulam Sarwar Markhand1, Lane Rayburn2, Ray Ming3, Mushtaque Ahmed Jatoi1 and Ameer Ahmed Mirbahar1,4* 

...ied on the chromosome number and karyotype one of the seven indigenous commercial date palm varieties and four wild type date palm of Sindh province, Pakistan by using the traditional Fuelgen squash method. Results indicated that all seven commercial varieties and four wild types of date palm are diploid in nature and having 2n=36 chromosomes. First time detailed karyotype of these varieties have been developed which includes total chromosome length (TCL), rel...
Zhimin Yuan1, Yan Yu2, Yanmei Wang1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...s carried a large number of human pathogens and thus should be the subject of greater study to prevent transmission of diseases from bats to humans.
...
Mohammed Anas Chowdhury1, Md. Abdul Karim1, Md. Tayfur Rahman1, Shoaibe Hossain Talukder Shefat1, Ashikur Rahman1, Mohammad Amzad Hossain2*
...inimum value 5.32 in October with mean value 6.99±0.86. The catch per unit effort ranged from 0.15 to 0.48 with an average value of 0.34±0.11.
...

Amany Adel, Wesam Mady*, Zienab Mosaad, Fatma Amer, Asmaa Shaaban, Dalia Said, Marwa Ali, Abdel-Satar Arafa, Mohamed Kamal Morsi and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan  

...ly. Also, the highest number of positive samples were detected in chicken with highest prevalence (90%) for H9N2 infection among all the examined species, followed by Turkey (4%), duck (2.6%) and quail (2.4%), respectively. Genetically, the genetic sequence for the Hemagglutinin (HA) of 38 viruses circulating Egyptian viruses during 2015 and 2016 were belonging to the Middle East G1- like viruses and scattered phylogenetically in different subgroups with the p...

Kamran Aziz1*, Aamir Saleem1 and Arshad Mahmood Malik2 

...h was carried from September, 2016 to August, 2017. Litter bag technique was used to estimate the decomposition rate, elemental composition was carried through chemical analysis in the laboratory and litter fall production was estimated by trapper technique. Under Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana canopy, the leaf litter was collected and brought back to laboratory for the further chemical analysis. The Total annual litter fall production of Cedrus deodara ...
Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1, Muhammad Akram Qazi2, Shaukat Ali1*
...COI within the members of species and within families (thymine 41.30-44.30%, adenine 24.96-27.19%, guanine 17.18-19.48% and cytosine 12.28-13.40% while GC 29.53-32.84%). Therefore, it was concluded that variation in nucleotide frequency distribution could not to bee used as a criterion for species delimitation in spiders.
...

Abdul A. Mirani1,2*, Chee H. Teo2, Adel A. Abul-Soad3, Ghulam S. Markhand1, Tahira Jatt1, Ameer A. Mirbahar1,4, Najamuddin Solangi

...tures with subculture number <11 cycles in multiplication stage are needed to obtain higher percentage of true-to-type regenerants. 

...

Muhammad Affan Khan* and Abdur Rab 

...nt height (136.8 cm), number of branches per plant (1.42), number of pods per plant (26.33), number of seeds per pod (60.67), seed weight per pod (3.87 g) and seed yield (4.54 t ha-1). The plant spacing of 20 cm resulted in the maximum plant height (136.92 cm) but minimum values for all other attributes. 40 cm plant spacing resulted in the maximum seeds per pod (67.28), seed weight per pod...
Xuefeng Cao1, Guangneng Peng1, Xiaobin Gu1, Changliang He1, Guizhou Yue2, Jun Shi3,* and Zhijun Zhong1,*
...nimum detectable copy numbers for CDV cDNA and for the virus culture supernatant were 9.56×101 copies μL-1 and 7.77×101 copies μL-1, respectively. To validate the accuracy of DARPM, 112 clinical samples and 97 clinical samples suspected of harboring CPV and CDV were tested. DARPM showed a 100% compliance rate with ordinary PCR and colloidal gold rapid detection methodology, while the coincidence rate for DARPM and the sa...
Lusha Liu1,*, Lei Cheng2, Xingqi Zhang3, Yulong Li1 and Jianping Jiang1,*
...r identifying massive numbers of genic microsatellites in M. fissipes with high-efficiency. Furthermore, the described polymorphic loci in this study should be useful for population genetic and conservation genetic studies in M. fissipes and other closely related species from this important genus Microhyla.
...
Tariq Mukhtar1,* and Muhammad Arshad Hussain2 
...levels. Likewise, the numbers of galls and egg masses also showed positive correlations with the inoculum levels. Contrarily, a gradual decline in reproductive factors was observed with an increase in the inoculum level and therefore, appeared to be negatively correlated with the latter. It was also observed that the reductions in moderately resistant cultivar were significantly lower as compared to the highly susceptible at all inoculum levels. It is conclude...

Zafar Abbas1*, Muhammad Mubashir1, Umair Riaz1, Zeenat Javid1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Saeed ur Rehman1, Muhammad Javid Qamar1, Syed Ali Zulqadar1 and Shahzada Munawar Mehdi2 

...n, fat, carbohydrates, fiber and sugar, respectively. As well as one gram of okra contain 31.3 mg and 299mg of vitamin K and potassium, respectively. Therefore, to examine the effect of different forms of fertilizers (organic and inorganic) on the yield and physiochemical attributes of okra Abelmoschus esculentus a field trial was conducted. For this purpose, organic form of fertilizers like kitchen waste, poultry manure and compost were used while the inorgan...

Muhammad Shafique, Nosheen Noor Elahi*, Muhammad Rashid, Amjad Farooq and Kausar Hussain Shah

...ve at 200-300mM NaCI. Number and fresh weight of pods were not affected at 0-100 mM NaCI levels of salinity but strongly decreased at 200-300 mM NaCl. Number and fresh weights of nodules increased slightly at lower levels (20- I00 mM) of salinity but strongly decreased at 200 mM NaCI. Nodulation and pods were completely inhibited at 300mM NaCl. The nitrogen percentage was decreased in salinity stress. The total protein conte...

Wesam Mady*, Nahed Yehia, Mohammed Hassan Elhussieny, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Moataz Mohamed El Sayed, Neveen Rabie Bakry, Asmaa Shaaban, Abdel Satar Arafa, Afaf Abdel Baset Mahmoud and Wafaa Mohammed Hassan 

...rus (HPAIV) H5N8 in November 2016 in Egypt, it caused severe economic losses for both the commercial and backyard poultry production sectors. The aim of this work is to study the Situation and molecular characterization of HPAIV (H5N8) in backyard poultry production sector in Egypt. In this study, a total of 7505 samples of tracheal swabs representing 1180 backyard poultry flocks were collected based on the surveillance conducted by the GOVS (General Organizat...

Hakim Shah1*, Noor Jehan2, S. Shafiqur Rehman1 and Syed Said Badshah Bukhari

...rest Division (KaFD), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, with the objectives to assess the climate regimes and changes thereof during the period 1965-2015, and their impacts on ring-widths of Spruce (Picea smithiana), along with comparison of the results inter se the two Forest Divisions. Results indicated that KFD and KaFD had significantly different climate regimes of temperature and precipitation. Mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures and mean annual temp...

Ammara Saeed* and Noor-ul-Amin 

... (35.0 days), maximum number of branches plant-1 (11.4), number of leaves branch-1 (19.0), flower stalk length (44.7 cm), flower diameter (7.7 cm), number of flower plant-1 (12.2), flower persistence (11.6 days) and survival percentage (96.8 %). Results further showed that all the study attributes were recorded significantly best in 2015 compared to 2014. In cultivars, Gold Medal produced ...
Tian-Yi Zhao1, Zi-Qing Liu2, Bo Yang1, Qiao Gao1, Hong-Yu Zhang1, Pei-Yu He1, Ming-Hua Duan1* and Yu-Li Yan1*
...blood cell counts and number of T cells in peripheral blood and the spleen. Western blotting was performed to detect Stat5, Bcl-2, and Cyclin D1 protein expression in peripheral blood.The red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels decreased in 5-Fu group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). 5-Fu+APs group showed a marked increase in the number of erythrocytes and a significant increase in hemoglobin content ...
Tuncay Ateşşahin1,* and Mehmet Cİlbiz2
...rom January 2015 to December 2015. Fishing activities were carried out using fishing gear with three spinner colours (yellow, blue or red), three hook sizes (No. 2: 2 cm; No. 3: 3 cm; or No. 4: 4 cm) and in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn or winter) by three anglers. At the end of the study, 336 rainbow trout, 13.2–56.5 cm in length and 28.6–2,174.6 g in weight, were caught. The most efficient season for catching fish was in the winter. T...
Wen-Feng Li1, Rong-Yue Zhang1, Chun-Hua Pu2, Jiong Yin1, Zhi-Ming Luo1, Xiao-Yan Wang1, Xiao-Yan Cang1, Hong-Li Shan1 and Ying-Kun Huang1,*
...nonycha grandis (Thunberg), Lemnia biplagiata (Swartz), Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) and Thiallela sp., which prey on Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner; and Euborellia pallipes Shiraki, Orius (Heterorius) minutus (Linnaeus) and Scymnus (Neopullus) hoffmanni Weise which preys on Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cocherell), Baliothrips serratus Kobusand Trochorhopalus h...
Nazia Qamar* and Sher Khan Panhwar
...s of five species Scomberoides commersonnianus (414), S. lysan (15), S. tala (8), S. tol (344) and Megalaspis cordyla (277) were collected from the commercial catches from July 2013 to March 2015. Fish length and otolith length for five species recorded as S. commersonnianus TLcm = 16.3−88.4, OLcm = 0.3−0.9; S. lysan TL=23.2−73, OL = 0.2−0.7; S. tala TL = 48.5...
Naheed Ikram and Nafisa Shoaib*
...Terapon puta, Scomberomorus koreanus, Epinephelus coioides, Lutjanus sp., Pomadasys sp. and Lutjanus johnii procuredfrom Kemari fish harbor (Pakistan). Our study shows that fresh fishes were not contaminated by incidence of fungi. Aspergillus flavus was the most dominant fungus as compared to other species of fungi but it represents the common mycoflora of this region. 
...
Yan-Bin Zhu1, Wang-Dui Basang1, Zhan-Dui Pingcuo1, Yang-Ji Cidan1, Sang Luo1, Dun-Zhu Luosang1, Yang-La Dawa1 and Guang-Xin E2,3,* 
....37 in NNV. The least number of markers which deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within the population was W, and largest number of deviations was in the NNV population. Consistent of phylogenetic relationships between the seven populations was identified by Phylogenetic N-J network (Reynold’s genetic distance), FST and Principal components factor (PCA) analysis. These analyses...
Shujjah Haider1,*, Ayesha Maqbool1, Tariq Pervez1, Saima Parveen1, Arfan Ahmad2, Zahid Iqbal3, Javed Iqbal3, Shahid Mehmood3, Amanullah Khan4 and Sajid Umar5
...st MG prevalence in December (44%) while lowest in October (20%). Furthermore, higher prevalence was recorded in layer flocks with large number (4000-5000) as 33.33% than flocks with small number of birds (1000-2000) as 24.28%. In addition, it was also found that iELISA test is more sensitive and specific for detection of MG antibodies in serum samples a...
Arif Jan*, Abdul Rab, Haroon, Rooh Ullah, Tauheed Ullah and Ikram Ullah
...e month of April and October. Females to males ratio was found to be 1.04 (P>0.05). The study provides basic information about the reproductive potential and behavior of S. plagiostomus which will be handy towards its culture.
...
Hui Wang1, Lin Wang1, Xuanlu Li1, Shanshan Li1, Yongqiang Zhao2, Shicheng Lv2, Xinrong Xu1, Guang Yang1 and Bingyao Chen1,*
... transect survey in December 2010 to estimate bird density and evaluate the importance of the buffer zone. As a result, 34 protected species among the 4975 individuals were sighted, including 127 red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) and 868 common cranes (Grus grus). The overall density of protected species, winter migratory species, and resident birds was 1244.60 individuals/km2, 396.88 individuals/km2 and 758.94 individual...
 

Aftab Shaukat1,*, Khalid Medmood3, Irfan Shaukat2, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem1,5, Ashar Mehfooz1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Zia-ud-Din Sindhu1, Shahid Ali Rajput4, Mubashar Hassan1,4, Saqib Umar1, Muhammad Ali Jamil1, Rao Zahid Abbas1 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi1

 

...8.56, P value=0.001), number of cleaning times (χ2=16.11, P value=0.002), feeding system (χ2=23.41, P value=0.001), floor pattern (χ2=17.98, P value=0.000) and hygienic measures (χ2=25.79, P value=0.001) significantly influenced the incidence of disease in the cattle of district Faisalabad. A. marginale induced statistically significant reduction was observed in RBC count, Hb, MCV, PCV and MCHC...
Salahud Din1,*, Saima Masood1, Hafsa Zaneb1, Habib Ur Rehman2, Saima Ashraf1, Imad Khan3, Muqader Shah4 and Syed Abdul Hadi1
...side and had a bulbous tuber calcis “point of the hock” at the proximal extremity which projects upward and backward. The tibial tarsal bone is the 2nd largest bone of the proximal row, lies on the medial side of the tarsus and bears trochlea at either end. The central and the fourth tarsals are joined to form a large bone which is extended across the entire width of the tarsus and articulates with all bones of the tarsus. The first tars...

Attaullah Khan Pathan1, Imran Ali Rajput1*, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed2, Muhammad Waseen Kalroo1, Muhammad Munir Shahid4, Abdul Qadir Baloch3 and Faheem Ahmed Rajput2 

...ecorded in the month October. Highest number of Bracon gelechiae found than other in all selected districts. Parasitoids were active during the month of November

...

Masooma Munir1,2*, Abdul Ahad3, Asra Gull1, Aqsa Qayyum2, Nouman Rashid Siddique2, Amer Mumtaz2, Naeem Safdar2, Barkat Ali2, Muhammad Nadeem1 and Tahir Mahmood Qureshi

...age time while ash and fiber contents remained same during storage. The mineral and ash contents increased significantly (p < 0.05) among the treatments. Total sugars ranged from 64.77% to 67.29%. Reducing sugars were high than non-reducing sugars. It has been concluded that the addition of spinach has positive effect on acceptability and nutritional value of bars. 

...
Khalid P. Loneand Irfana Liaqat*
...west GSI was seen in October (0.09±0.01). The start of the monsoon rains was a cue for final maturation and spawning and by the middle of July; the testes were already declining and reached the minimum point in October. Both photoperiod and temperature have a strong influence on completion and regression of the spermatogenesis. This detailed study is the first from the Northern latitudes of the Indo-Pak subcontinent o...

Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Gul Bahar Khaskheli2, Allah Jurio Khaskheli3, Arshad Ali Khaskheli4, Abdul Samad Magsi5, Ghulam Shabir Barham2, Arab Khan Lund5 and Maqbool Ahmed Jamali4 

...ottom percent of crude fiber. Acacia nilotica and Alhagi maurorum though were statistically similar to each other but found prominently rich in total carbohydrate content. It could be concluded that the thatta district possessed significant influence on most of the nutrients, whereby negative effect on the moisture content and positive on the dry matter was noted. Overall, no considerable influence on nitrogen free extract and total carbohydrate contents but o...
Khansa Nazir1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Humayun Javed2
...d with an increase in number of days. It is concluded from the present study that AgNP possess nematicidal activity against root-knot nematodes and can act as an alternative to high-risk synthetic nematicides or inconsistent biological control agents without causing any phytotoxicity.
...
Mujahid Niaz Akhtar* and Amjad Farooq
...s were observed in September and October. Correlation between abiotic factor and bollworms infestation depicted non-significant negative correlation with rainfall and evening relative humidity while negative significant with minimum temperature. Linear regression equation is used to predict bollworm population to minimize economic losses. 
...
Asad Abdullah, Muhammad Irfan Ullah*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Arshad and Muhammad Afzal
... and artificial diet. Number of eggs oviposited were highest on cabbage (2455.5 eggs) followed by alfalfa (1750.0 eggs) and lowest on maize (1055.6 eggs). More egg batches were found on alfalfa and sesbania. All of the biological parameters of S. litura included in the study were affected by the host plants.
...
Jae-Kang Lee, Hyun-Su Hwang, Tae-Kyung Eom and Shin-Jae Rhim*
...etation coverage, the number of standing and downed trees ha-1 and the volume of downed trees ha-1 were significantly different between the pre- and post-thinning sessions. Mean density of Apodemus agrarius, A. peninsulae, and Myodes regulus were significantly different between sessions. Monthly captured adults and juveniles of A. agrarius and A. peninsulae were significantly higher in the post- than in ...
Muhammad Tariq Adnan Khan*, Tariq Mukhtar and Muhammad Saeed
...eptibility among eight aubergine cultivars to Meloidogyne javanica. Brinjal Jamak was the only cultivar found to be moderately resistant. Two cultivars namely Brinjal Shilpa and Singh Nath 666 appeared moderately susceptible. Five cultivars viz. Round Black, Short Purple, Brinjal PPL, Global Brinjal PPL and Namyal Ratchburi behaved as susceptible. All the cultivars behaved differently regarding formation of galls, egg masses, num
Zakirullah1, Hamayun Khan1, Ali Gohar2, Haq Amanullah1,*, Muhammad Younas1, Muhammad Tarique Tunio3, Muhammad Saleem Khan4, Ibrar Muhammad Khan1 and Noushad Khan5 
...h 0.5 mM or 0 mM. The number of supra-vital hypo-osmotic swelling test positive spermatozoa at 1.5 mM and 1.0 mM was greater in comparison with lower concentration of 0.5 or 0 mM L-cysteine. Furthermore, significant improvement for acrosomal integrity was recorded in semen samples treated with 1.5 mM L-cysteine followed by 1mM, 0.5mM. It is concluded that 1.5 mM is the most favorable concentration of L-cysteine to be added to the TCA extender for improving the...

Muhammad Noman, Yong Tong Mu*, Muhammad Mohsin, Aamir Mahmood Memon and Muhammad Talib Kalhoro

...nput (FI) data of Scomberomorus spp. to evaluate their fishery stock status in Pakistani marine waters from Balochistan coastline.Three surplus production models (SPMs) viz. Fox (F-M), Schaefer (S-M) and Pella-Tomlinson (PT-M) along with three error assumptions (EAs), log (L-EA), log normal (LN-EA) and gamma (G-EA), were used in CEDA while two SPMs, Fox (F-M) and logistic (L-M) were used in ASPIC. In CEDA, for initial proportion (IP) 0.9, ...
Xiaopeng Tang1,2, Rejun Fang3,4,*, Guochang Pan1,2 and Kangning Xiong1,2,*
...ens using the Ussing chamber system. First, four Loman laying hens with similar weight (1.25±0.13 kg) were sacrificed to detect the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of isolated small intestine at time on 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min, to provide a appropriate operation time for Ussing chamber test. Then, a total of 20 Loman laying hens with similar weight (1.25±0.13 kg) were divided into 1 ...
Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1,2,*
...depression in oocytes number and quality after ovarian transplantation. N. sativa oil could not improve hypothermia and hyperglycemia due to general anesthesia. In conclusion, supplementation of N. sativa oil could benefit animals’ health and reproduction through the improvement of physiological parameters and oocyte quality.
...
Kun Wang1,2, Yinglin Cui2, Xu Zhao2 and Changjiang Hu1*
...significantly reduced number of dead neurons in hippocampus and cortical regions of ICH rats. Furthermore, this treatment significantly increased protein expression of claudin-5, ZO-1 and VE-cadherin while protein expression of DNMT3b and MMP-9 were significantly inhibited. Finally, microRNA-29b level were also lower than the Model group. Our data suggests that XN has significant neuroprotective effects on the ICH model rats, which might help to protect the bl...
Muhammad Saeed1,2,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Malik Abdul Rehman3
...the same pattern. The number of nematodes in the soil and females in the roots were the higher during the months of April to June and August-September showing two peaks throughout the year. The regression analysis between temperature and number of nematodes in the soil and females in the roots showed highly significant results at both the orchards. A direct relationship was observed betwee...

Obaidul Islam*, Shameema Khatun and Mustasim Famous 

...the period from 22 September to 18 October 2018 at CVH, 20 October to 18 November 2018 at CVASU and 26 February to 21 March 2019 at DVH. The prevalence was analyzed on the basis of location, age, breed and sex. Among the clinical cases infectious diseases occupied the highest prevalence in CVASU (62.85%), CVH (61.53%) and DVH (61.53%). Prevalence of diff...

Zeshan Siraj1*, Amjad Farooq1 and Zahid Mehmood2 

...Bt. cotton from May-November 2011 -May-November 2013 at cotton research institute, Multan, Pakistan, Jassids appeared in 21st Standard Meteorological Week(SMW)and attain its peak in 36th SMW. Maximum and minimum mean population of jassids (4.19±0.16 and 0.03±0.13 per leaf) was observed in September and November 2011, respectively. Maximum a...

Durr-e-Nayab*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil, Fida Mohammad and Shad Khan Khalil 

...istan under normal (November, 10) and late (December, 15) planting environment using a triplicate Randomized Complete Block design. Genotype × environment interac tion across the two environments was significant for spikes plant-1, spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, spike density, 1000-grain weight and grain yield plant-1. Line × tester interaction effect was also highly significant for all traits under both nor...
Adel E.M. Mahmoud1, AdamCieślak2, Paulina Szulc2, Anna Łukomska3 and Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel2,*
...mong treatments. Crude fiber content increased linearly with increased dried sugar beet pulp percentage in rations, with significant differences in D2, D3 and D4. Content of NDF was significantly higher in all experimental groups when compared with control group, whereas non-fibrous carbohydrates content decreased in all groups as the effect of corn grains replacement by dried sugar beet pulp. Complete substitution of yellow corn by sugar dried beet pulp in D4...

Muhammad Waqas, Shahid Ali*, Syed Attaullah Shah and Ghaffar Ali 

...a under wheat crop in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan remains larger (55.6%) as compared to irrigated area (44.4%) for the last four decades. This study therefore analysed supply response of unirrigated wheat in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during 1981-2017. Data was obtained from Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Development Statistics of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Pakist...

 Aftab Khan1, Shahid Ali1, Murtaza1, Sufyan Ullah Khan2 and Syed Attaullah Shah1

...o-ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to analyze the allocative efficiency of inputs in maize production. This study employed a multistage stage sampling technique for choosing the sample size. The data was collected from 200 respondents using a well–designed interview schedule. Cobb-Douglas type production function was modelled to estimated allocative efficiencies of individual inputs used in maize production. The estimated allocative efficiencies of...

Muhammad Ashfaq* and Inayatullah Jan 

...ductivity of maize in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan over a period of thirty years from 1986 to 2015. According to the ecological landscape, KP is divided into three climatic regions; the northern climatic region, the central climatic region, and the southern climatic region. The study uses Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model for maize crop in KP. This study reveals that the impacts of climatic variables are increasing from the southern c...

Naveed Afsar* and Muhammad Idrees 

...e change knowledge in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected from the 400 farmers of the two purposively sampled districts as these two were the highly vulnerable areas from climate change. The major source of climate change information of the majority of farmers was electronic media and the overall regression analysis of the climate change perceptions reveal that climate change is happening and long-term mean temperatures have been increased with a significan...
Gul Afshan1,2,*, Soumble Zulfiqar2, Sumaira Mehboob2, Muhammad Tahir Javed Khan1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,*
.../div>...
Tahir Iqbal1, Umer Rashid1*, Naveed Shahzad2, Amber Afroz1Muhammad Faheem Malik3 and Muhammad Idrees4

 

...ak aHEV) strains with members of Orthohepevirus B species. However, Pak aHEV strains were highly divergent from other known members within Orthohepevirus B suggesting as novel aHEV strains circulating in the population of layer chickens in the country. Detection of HEV in layer chickens may pose public health risk in context of zoonosis and food borne transmission if aHEV emerges as zoonotic HEV. 

Sajjad Ali1, Atta-ur-Rahman1 and Sher Ali2* 

...of tehsil Takht Bhai, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, for the period of 1985-2015. Spatial techniques like Geographic information system and remote sensing are used to detect land use changes. This study is carried out at three levels; initially the whole tehsil is studied for land use change analysis by comparing 1985 and 2015 Landsat images. Secondly, four sample union councils were targeted for medium level analysis. Thirdly, seven sample villages are targeted for micr...

Muhammad Ilyas* and Fida Mohammad 

...ail Khan (E4 and E8) (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) during 2014/15 and 2015/16. Locations in each year were considered as independent environments. Pooled ANOVA revealed significant interaction due to GE for days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling duration, grain growth rate, grains spike-1, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Averaged over eight environments, wheat RIL’s 44, 55, and 25 were desirable for days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling du...
Salma Javed1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Irfan Ullah2, Sadia Tabassum1,*
...etes in Hazara region Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The total area was divided into six clusters, and the data was collected randomly from different hospitals, clinics, and different localities of Hazara region.The report included 2,400 participants, amongst which, 1,000 subjects were suffering from type II diabetes, including 432 males (43.2%) and 568 females (56.8%). Whereas 814 (81.4%) of them were over 40 years of age. Battagram district had the hig...

Wajid Khan* and Raziuddin 

...akistan especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa this study was conducted to investigate genetic variability and heterosis in eight rapeseed genotypes for maturity, morphological and yield traits. The eight parental genotypes i.e., AUP-01, AUP-05, AUP-07, AUP-08, AUP-10, AUP-13, AUP-18 and AUP-21 were crossed in full diallel fashion to generate 56 F1 crosses. These parental genotypes and their F1 hybrids were evaluated during 2015/16 in the field at the University of ...
Abdul Waheed1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Junaid Akhtar4, Muhammad Saeed5, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed6 and Shah Jahan7,*
...hore during January-December 2015. Majority of the GNRs were isolated from urine samples (55%) followed by pus (28%), blood (7%), sputum (6%), Broncho-alveolar lavage (2%), fluid (1%) and from tips (1%). The isolated organisms were Escherichia coli (n=60), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=20), Enterobacter cloaca (n=09), Enterobacter aerogenes (n=02), Proteus mirabilis (n=05), Proteus vulgaris (n=02) and Citrobacter<...
Fiza Asif1,*, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nasra Ashraf1, Nuzhat Shafi1, Abdul Rauf1, Khizra Bano1, Muhammad Razzaq2 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar2
...(B). Grand viburnum Vibernum foetens showed the greatest value of diet breadth (23.52) during summer season, while during winter season wild Himalayan pear Pyrus pashia showed the greatest value of diet breadth (16.02). Future management of the National Park would require protection of core habitat of the langur in MNP. Wildlife managers should focus on conservation and increasing the number of preferred forage...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1,*, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2, Irshad Ahmad3, Ikramul Haq4, Kashif Prince1, Asad Ullah5, Muhammad Shoaib2, Shahid Zaman6, Amjad Islam Aqib7, Ghazunfar Rashid1, Mahboob Ali1, Imdad Ullah Khan4,Imad Khan5, Naimat Ullah4 and Muhammad Shahid8
...althy animal of equal number of rabbits and goats. Each species was divided randomly into three equal (n=6) groups. Group A was supplemented vitamin E and group B was without vitamin E supplementation in both species. Animals of both groups were vaccinated with enterotoxaemia vaccine. Group C was kept as negative control in both rabbits and goats. The immune titer against C. perfringens type D was evaluated on 0, 7, 14, 28th and 60th
Yacheng Hu1,2, Xueqing Liu1,2, Jing Yang1,2, Kan Xiao1,2, Binzhong Wang1,2 and Hejun Du1,2,*
...r locus and the total number of alleles is 80. The mean expected heterozygosity (HE, 0.506 to 0.781), observed heterozygosity (HO, 0.542 to 1), Hardy-Weinberg departure value (d, -0.042 to 0.427), polymorphic information content (PIC, 0.482 to 0.753) and the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Indices (H’, 0.827 to 1.565) of all the 17 polymorphic loci indicated a high leve...
Shanshan Cai1, Tianxiang Gao2, Binlun Yan3, Aiyi Zhu1 and Xiumei Zhang1,2,*
...g crab, Portunus trituberculatus is a commercially important species in Chinese fishery industry. However the natural resources of swimming crabs are declining and enhancement programs are being conducted for resources restoration for decades. In this study, 524 female broodstock from 10 hatcheries and 547 recaptured crabs from 6 investigations were used to assess the proportion of released individuals and evaluate the effect of the program in Shandong ...
Muhammad Waseem1, Ahmed Raza1, Hamera Aisha1, Muhammad Naeem Awan1, Tariq Ahmad2, Rabia Nazir2 and Tariq Mahmood2,*
...018, with the highest number of killings recorded from Chakwal District (131 pangolins at 14 sites). The pangolin dealers operating in major cities of Pakistan (Rawalpindi, Lahore and Karachi) prefer pangolin scales. A total of 239 shops and street vendors were trading many wildlife species including CITES listed species in the market illegally in addition to pangolins. Karachi and Lahore had highest number of shops dealing ...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Naimat Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Asfandyar Khan2, Kashif Prince1,*, Mahboob Ali1, Ghazunfar Rashid1 and Azmat Ulah Khan2
...selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Samples were obtained from non-vaccinated lambs and kids with the signs of enterotoxaemia. The isolates were initially identified by colony characteristics, Gram staining, biochemical tests and CFU/g. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from 43.45% of lambs and 50.59% of the kids. Obtained isolates were further analyzed for toxinotyping with conventional PCR. Sequence analysis of 73 strains f...
Rais Ahmed1,2,*, Muhammad Khalid Mansoor1,2, Iftikhar Hussain1, Muhammad Saqib3, Muhammad Hammad Hussain4, Amjad Islam Aqib5, Haleema Sadia6, Javed Muhammad7, Asma Irshad8, Kashif Prince5, Muhammad Zain Saleem9 and Abdul Whab Manzoor10
....
...
Naveed Ahmed1*, Abdul Waheed1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Imtiaz Ahmed1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1, Sohail Aslam1, Muhammad Adil Younis2, Seemab Ali1, Nadia Khan1 and Madiha Bashir1
...our concentrations of Gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 20, 40 and 60 ppm). Experiment was laid out on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data showed a significant difference among most of the growth parameters. Maximum head weight (2306.7 g), stem length (42.66 cm), number of leaves plant-1(15.73cm), root length (27.53 cm), yield (55.63 t/ha) was recorded for cultivar cabbage red...
Manzoor Hussain*, Marie Maňasová, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...reducing the nematode numbers of galls, egg masses, and second-stage juveniles (J2) and rate of nematode reproduction (Pf/Pi) and improving plant growth factors. 
...
Ambreen Leghari1,2, Asghar Ali Kamboh2,*, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho1, Faiz Muhammad Khand1, Kanwar Kumar Malhi2,3, Iqra Bano Chandio4, Seema Baloch5 and Jan Mohammad Shah4
...e prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in randomly selected cattle (n= 160) was carried out in Hyderabad and Tando Allahyar districts. The animals were first screened through single intradermal tuberculin test (SITT) and both positive and negative reactors of SITT were further investigated through rapid test. Attempts were also made to isolate the Mycobacterium bovis organism from the milk and nasal secretions of c...
Muhammad Usman Akhtar1,2, Abdul Qayum3, Anshan Shan1,*, Shuli Chou1, Hyeonsoo Jo4, Syed Waqas Ali Shah4 and Ishfaq Muhammad5
...CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake were higher (P < 0.05) in goats fed 70RDP diet than those fed 30RDP diet. Nutrients digestibilities (DM, CP, NDF and ADF) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in goats fed 60RDP diet than those fed 30RDP. Goats fed 70RDP diet produced higher milk yield/d than those fed 30RDP diet.These results revealed that Beetal goats fed 70RDP showed increased ...
Qudsia Yousafi1*, Muhammad Aslam2 andShahzad Saleem1
...n the experiment. The number of aphids and ladybeetles were recorded at weekly intervals from October 15 to March 1, both years. Aphid numbers were recorded on three leaves per plant and four plants per plot and averaged per leaf. Numbers of ladybeetles were recorded from the whole plant by sampling three plants per plot. Seasonal mean num
Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Imtiaz Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad1, Fazal Maula2 and Sardar Hussain1
...af-1) mean number of aphids were recorded on 87-5 China followed by U-Grande (3.72 aphids leaf-1), Tomato BSS-30 (4.22 aphids leaf-1), Roma VF (4.45 aphids leaf-1), Rio-Grande late (4.67 aphids leaf-1) and Swat local (5.11 aphids leaf-1). While, the highest (5.40 aphids leaf-1) were recorded on Rio-Grande early. Initially the population of aphid was found low followed by increase with...
Muhammad Ramzan1, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1*, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Ghulam Murtaza2, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1 and Faisal Manzoor1
...maximum in June to September, respectively. The study showed that green lace wing and ladybird beetle showed positive correlation with temperature while negative with rainfall. While, spider’s population showed negative correlation with all-weather parameters except sunshine hours. The population of spider was maximum in last week of September while disappeared in the last week of October
Ping Jiang1 , Zhihui Zhao1, 2, Xiaohui Li2, Mengyan Wang2, Lixin Xia2, Yang Cao3, Runjun Yang2 and Xibi Fang2*
... cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) is a membrane protein. As a member of the superfamily of ABC transporters, ABCA1 can transport lipids and cholesterol across cell membranes. To further verify the relationship between the ABCA1 gene and milk fat metabolism of Chinese Holstein dairy cows, we exploited transient transfection mediated-RNA interference technology to specifically knockdown expression levels of the endogenous...
Himanshu Mishra, Vikas Kumar and Ashish Kumar*
... Pradesh, India from October 2017 to March 2018. Thirty two species of birds were observed during the field investigation. The line transect method was employed for population estimates. During the field survey, we recorded a significantly higher number of migratory birds at the end of early winter (December) and at the commencement of middle winter (January). Red crested pochard (Netta...

Sameera Arshad1*, Arshad Mahmood Malik2 and Iftikhar Hussain3 

...d that annual average number of bird strikes were 26.62±2.11. Birds of prey mainly, Pariah Kites (Milvas migrans) were reported to be involved in 72% of the strikes. Seasonal variation in bird strikes revealed that most of the bird strikes occurred during the period (July-October), then in (March-June) and least during the winter period (November-February).Relationship between meteo...
Tasleem Akhtar1,2,Ghazanfar Ali1,*, Nuzhat Shafi2 and Abdul Rauf2
.../i> (0.5436). Average number of nucleotide differences of 4 species (Kt) was 0.737 and total nucleotide diversity (Pi) was equal to 0.0004 ± 0.0001. Out of 1552 sites, 1547 sites were found to be conserved and five were polymorphic, in which four were parsimony informative while, one was singleton. The rate of transition/transversion (R) was 3.131, which deviate from neutral evolution where, R= 0.5. The negative values of Tajima’s D and Fu and Li&...
Qi Ren, Shufeng Sun, Chen Niu, Yuhong Li, Yingzhi Chong, Biao Li, Guoying Zheng and Fumin Feng*

 

...1 methylation and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury are available. Studying the relationship between CpG island methylation in the CYP1A1 promoter region and drug-induced liver injury is, therefore, of great importance. Anti-tuberculosis drugs induced hepatotoxicity in HL-7702 cells was investigated. Dehydrogenase activity was detected by a lactate dehydrogenase assay kit; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and ma...
Taimoor Khalid*, Asad Ullah and Mussawar Shah
...a, District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample size of 357 respondents was proportionally allocated to the mentioned three union councils of the study area and selected by simple random sampling technique. Perception of the respondents regarding illegality in forest management (independent variable) and forest governance (dependent variable) were measured on three level likert scale. Chi-square test was applied to test the association between the...
Shagufta Naz1, Ayesha Javed1, Ayesha Saleem1, Khadija Murtaza1, Rukhama Haq1, Akbar Hayat2 and Neelma Munir1,*
...a, moisture, fat, ash, fiber, phenolic content, sprouting inhibition, physiological weight loss, pyruvate analysis and sugar contents. Gamma radiation affected these parameters at higher doses but at 0.5 kGy no significant change was observed. 0.5 kGy prouting was inhibited and microflora was reduced at this dose without affecting its nutritional and sensory qualities. So, it was proved to be the best optimized dose was 0.5kGy.
...
Rafiq-ur-Rehman1*, Zahoor Ahmad1, Wiqar Ahmad2, Muhammad Mansoor3 and Shah Masaud1
... 55/ East longitude), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The current experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements replicated four times. The effects of different Rhizobium strains were found significant on yield parameters of the crop. Inoculation with rhizobium strain NARC-BK strain showed the maximum and significantly (p<0.05) higher number of branches, pod clusters p...
Hande Kucukonder1, Pinar Celebi Demirarslan1*, Sezai Alkan2 and Özgür Baris Bırgul3
Zelle Huma1*, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1 and Farman Ali2
...ix districts  of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i-e Chitral, Kohat, Haripur, Mardan, Swat, and Peshawar to collect entomopathogenic nematodes, Insect bait technique was used for Entomopathogenic nematodes collection. For this experiment, Galleria mellonella larvae were reared in the laboratory. When  samples soil were collected from different regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for nematodes collection G. mellonella la...
Muhammad Nisar* and Muhammad Idress
...ing at district Tank, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa- Pakistan. Three hundred and twenty (320) small farmers were selected randomly on the basis of their involvement in home gardening via a pre-tested close ended interview schedule. Data were analyzed by SPSS. Results showed least small farmers involvement in home gardening might be due to lesser awareness and water scarcity. Small farmers’ involvement in home gardening was significantly associated to nursery prepar...
Muhammad Qasim1*, Said Qasim2, Muhammad Naeem1, Amir Nawaz Khan3 and Shahid Iqbal4
...n district Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Three types of fishers were selected for the study i.e. farming fishers, fishing farmers and occasional fishers, through two stage cluster sampling. Livelihoods asset pentagons were used for the analysis. Considerable decline in physical and economic assets were noted among all the three types of fishers, whereas the total value of livelihood assets for farming fishers deteriorated from 0.40 in 2001 to 0.33 i...
QihangLiu1,2, YueliJiang2, Tong Li2, Jin Miao2, Zhongjun Gong2, Yun Duan2, and YuqingWu2*
...ques to capture large numbers of locusts to avoid such swarms. The exploitation of locusts phototactic response has been one such technique. The current study investigated the impact of different light wavelengths and intensities on the visual and thoracic temperature responses of locusts. Our results showed that ultraviolet (UV), violet, and orange light stimulated the visual system of the locust and resulted in increases in thoracic temperature, orange light...
Jiaxin Guo1, Xiumei Zhang1,2, Xiaoyan Wang2, Liqin Liu2 and Tianxiang Gao1,*
...nica individuals. Number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 2 to 8, 0.083 to 0.922 and 0.042 to 0.866, respectively. The PIC ranged from 0.04 to 0.829. These markers will be useful in evaluation germplasm and genetic composition in the further research.
...

Ahmed Zia1*, Iqtidar Hussain2, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Shabir Ahmad2, Muzaffar Shah3 and Abdul Rauf Bhatti1 

Illahi Bux Bhatti1, 2*, Imran Khatri2, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani2 and Riffat Sultana

... revealed that lowest number of whitefly (0.38 nymphs + puparia per cm2 per leaf) with highest % mortality (79.89) was recorded in T11 (cultural control + biological control + chemical control), followed by T10 (Cultural control + Biological control + Yellow sticky traps) in which recorded 0.48 nymphs + puparia with 74.60% mortality. The next best treatment was T7 (cultural control + chemical control) in which recorded 0.56 nymphs + puparia per cm2 per leaf 70...

Riaz Hussain Pasha1*, Muhammad Zubair Anjum2, Imran Ullah2, Muhammad Akram Khan3, Adnan Ali4, Saif-Ur-Rehman5, Sana Batool2 and Arslan Emmanuel

...nd its tributaries in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Northern Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 48 fishes of both sexes (n= 12 per season; 9 female and 3 male) were collected in different seasons of 2016-17. Preparatory phase of reproductive cycle was observed in spring with having thick tunica albuginea and rapid spermatogenesis in testes while appearance of cortical alveoli or yolk vesicle in cortex of cytoplasm in ovaries. Gonads attain maximum size and weight in spawni...

Aamir Saleem1, Arshad Mahmood Malik2*, Najam Ul Hassan1 and Imtiaz A. Qamar

...rus), crop parameter (Number of tillers, number of leaves, plant height, fresh land dry weight and crude protein) and meteorological data regarding rain fall, temperature, pan evaporation, sunshine and wind speed for interpreting results along with their statistical analysis as fixing legume with grass has improved the forage quality. Overall, these results has suggested that grass-legume mixtures can improve livestock and p...

Wajid Shah Yousafzai1, Irfan Ullah1*, Amjad Ali1, Mahmood Iqbal2 and Salman Khan1 

... (ml), and irrigation numbers have positive effects on onion production in the research area. Allocative efficiency estimates showed that tractor hours, FYM, chemical fertilizer, and pesticide/weedicide are under-utilized having ratios of 22.15, 8.65, 5.49 and 34.69 respectively. Similarly, seed rate and irrigation numbers are over utilized having values of 0.14 and 0.76 respectively. The allocative efficiency value for labo...

Muhammad Saleem1*, Ehsan Elahi1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi1, Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1, Hajra Ibrahim2 and Muhammad Ali3 

...r (15.40 cm), maximum number of achene head-1 (787), weight of 1000 achenes (50.29 g), higher grain yield ha-1 (650.33 kg), oil content % (42.20), achene yield plant-1 (39.57 g) and sulphur content % of plant straw (0.225) were recorded when sulpher rate at 20 kg ha-1 were applied to crop. These values were significantly higher compared to other S levels of 5,10 and 15 kg ha-1. The outcome of experiment had revealed that with the increasing level of S, the sun...

Hina Fatima1*, Abdul Jabbar2 and Khurram Nawaz3 

...tton, date of sowing, number of irrigations, tractors and tubewell’s ownership, tenancy status, farmer’s education and experience. The result of the study reported that farmers of wheat crop have the potential to produce the maximum level of wheat production provided that the farmers should improve their management skills. It is prerequisite in farm sector that farmers should use their managerial ability, knowledge, and technical skills in order to...

Arifa Khan1*, Shazia Erum2, Naveeda Riaz1, Abdul Ghafoor2 and Farhat Ali Khan3 

...outing, plant height, number of tubers per plant, average tuber weight per plant, tuber shape, skin, flesh color, number of eyes per tuber, sensory evaluation and proximate analysis. Results showed significant differences in all yields and phenotypic quality traits. High sprouting (1...

Muhammad Naeem Khan* and Asad Jan 

...mn;0.72 %) while crude fibers were found least in amount (1.43±0.53 %). Among different minerals, reasonable amount of calcium (3268±0.53 μg/g), potassium (2873±0.71 μg/g), sodium (591±0.23 μg/g) and iron (223 ± 0.46 μg/g) were found while no cadmium and chromium was detected. MCE and EAF displayed considerable antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas campestris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing 12.6±0.5...

Jahangir Khan*, Syed Attaullah Shah, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai, Muhammad Fayaz, Shahid Ali, Abbas Ullah Jan and Ghaffar Ali 

... Peshawar district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A sample 150 apple consumers were interviewed at different fruits retail shops to collect data on apple varieties, prices and quality attributes, such as color, size, shape, freshness and external defect. The data were analyzed using hedonic pricing model. Results show that Consumers have strong preferences for apple freshness, size, color and juiciness and their willingness to pay for these attributes are significantl...

Yousaf Noor*, Zahir Shah and Muhammad Tariq 

... District Malakand of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2009-2010. A randomized complete block experiment with split plot arrangement was used. Methods of application (Soil and Foliar) were assigned to main plots while micronutrients (Zn @2.5 kg ha-1, B @ 2.5 kg ha-1 and Zn plus B) were kept in subplots. The results showed that Zn, B and Zn + B and their methods of application significantly affected the yield attributes of citrus in both years. The combined ...

Jahangir Khan1*, Abbasullah Jan1, Kar Ho Lim2, Syed Attaullah Shah1*, Aditya R Khanal2 and Ghaffar Ali1 

...duced fresh fruits in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A Contingent Valuation Survey Method (CVM), constructed with a double-bounded WTP elicitation format, was used to interview a randomly selected sample of 600 households. Survey data revealed that households were willing to pay on average rupees 26 more per kilogram of pesticides free fruits. Results from regression analysis showed that age of the household head and his awareness of pesticides use over fruits,...

Saifullah* and Ihsan Mabood Qazi 

...at varieties grown in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, this study was design to investigate the chemical composition, functional properties and microstructure of fine wheat flour (FWF) and whole wheat flour (WWF) of the selected varieties. These varieties were collected from different research stations located in the province. The grains were milled using laboratory scale flour mill. Part of the flour of each variety was passed from mesh to remove the bran and get fine flo...

Tanveer Ahmad1*, Muhammad Mujtaba Rafiq1, Waqas Ahmed Dogar2, Abid Mahmood Alvi3, Qumer Iqbal4, Muhammad Azam5 and Arshad Ali Khan6 

...Data were recorded on number of fruit bush-1, yield bush-1 (kg), single fruit weight (g), fruit diameter (cm), number of fruiting nodes, length of new shoot (cm), number of sprouted shoots cane-1 and leaf area (cm2). Treatments were applied under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in triplicates and means were compared by Tukey’s HSD test. Association of the biological traits of...

Shahid Ali1*, Farhan1, Murtaza1, Neelum Andaleeb2 and Amjad Ali1 

... in Swabi district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A four stage random sampling technique was used to collect data from 160 respondents. Stochastic frontier production (SFP) function was used to analyze the technical efficiency of wheat growers. The Maximum Likelihood estimates of the model-1 showed that seed quantity, urea, chemicals (Pesticides and weedicides), labor and tractor hours were statistically significant with the coefficients of -0.027, 0.090, 0....

Betül Ayça Dönmez, Sarbesh Das Dangol and Allah Bakhsh* 

...to using tetraploid S. tuberorsum cv. Desiree as a control using five different Agrobacterium strains harboring pBIN19 binary vector that further contains gusA gene, interrupted by an intronic sequence, under the control of 35S CaMV promoter. After transformation, we analyzed the transformation efficiencies of each of the Agrobacterium strains using the histochemical GUS analysis. The highest gusA gene transfer efficiency rate both for leaf (60%) and internode...
Hanif Ullah1, Muhammad Inayat Ullah Khan2, Suleman3, Sawar Khan1,Salma Javed4, Abdul Qadeer1, Mohsin Nawaz1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood4
...wer Dir (January to December 2013). The data were analysed tehsils wise, month wise, gender wise, age wise and species wise. Thick and thin smear were prepared and examined under microscope. The data was statistically analysed in Microsoft excel. Out of 1750, 214 (12.2%) blood samples were found positive. The higher rate of infection was found under the age group of ten year (14.9%) and lowest rate of infection was found (9.30%) in the age group of 11-30 in fe...

Muhammad Israr* and Noor Khan 

...at seed technology in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. A sample of 336 wheat growers, consisted of equal number of FSC registered and non-registered farmers, was selected from Northern, Central and Southern climatic zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The selected wheat growers were interviewed for data collection. Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted over the collected data-...
Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Palwasha Jabeen, Chand Raza, Shaukat Ali
...ing them. The silk in mulberry and non-mulberrys silkworms also varies from each other. Spidroin is the protein found in spider silk while silkworm silk is made up of an inner core of fibroin and outer layer of sericin protein. After the removal of sericin, silk is non-immunogenic and non-allergic. It is a renowned biomaterial due to its biocompatible nature. Silk proteins have been found to possess antibacterial properties ...
Abu ul Hassan Faiz1,*, Fakhar-i-Abbas2, Mehboob ul Hassan3 and Lariab Zahra Faiz1
...ng mid April to mid December 2017 by selecting 5 model plots of maize. On each study site, line transect method for small mammalian pest, for large mammals spot light count and for birds point count methods were used to determine abundance of each species. The study, documented 10 species of mammalian pests, 13 species of pest birds of maize crop and their population density differed significantly (P≤ 0.05) at study sites. The habitat analysis of study site...
Shahid Sherzada1,2,4,*, Muhammad Naeem Khan4, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Muhammad Idrees3, Abdul Wajid2, Muhammad Nauman Sharif3, Muhammad Shahzad Iqbal3, Iram Amin3 and Muhammad Shahid3
...my of Pakistan. Among members of Cyprinidae family, Indian major carp species (Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Catla catla)are very suitable fish species for culture in Pakistan. However, the identification and phylogeny of these fish species are of much interest today. DNA barcoding is used as a bio-identification tool for the organism globally. The current study was also conducted for the fast and accurate identification of Indian major carp species....

Turab Ali Kaurajo1*, Huma Rizwana1, Gulbahar Khaskheli2, Muhammad Haroon Baloch1, Muhammad Naeem Rajput1, Asad Ali Khaskheli3 and Mohsin Solangi

...breed is prominent in number followed by Dhatti, Larri/Sindhi. Camel herders were almost uneducated except small proportions that were primary passed. Among the land holders, each sedentary and household camel herders possessed 1 to 5 acres land where they grew Rabbi and Kharif crops. The production systems were 45% of sedentary, 26.6% transhumant, 18.3% nomadic and 10% house hold. The age of 60% camel herders were found between 25 to 50 years, 28.33% between ...

Sana Munir1, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi1*, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad2, Ismat Nawaz3, Muhammad Shahzad Anjam4, Sumaira Rasul4 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar5 

...yield contributing and fiber traits using various multivariate analysis such as principle component analysis and linkage cluster analysis. Principle component analysis (PCA) exhibited that first four PC out of nineteen PC, with eigen value >1, contributed about 80.326 % of total variability. Positive contribution towards PC1 was given by seed traits such as lint/seed, seed weight/seed, boll weight, seed index and seed cotton/seed. In biplot analysis, intras...

Manzoor1*, Ahmad Khan1, Amir Sohail2, Shahzad Ali1, Fawad Ali Shah3, Junaid Iqbal3, Muhammad Owais Khan4 and Sultan Nawaz4 

... parameters excluding number of plants at harvest. Full irrigation (10 irrigations) had significantly more plant height (189.25 cm), 1000 grain weight (211.25 g), leaf area (425.95 cm2), number of leaves (16.23), grain yield (3352.75 kg), biological yield (10726.08 kg) and shelling percentage (47.78). Whereas one irrigation missing at six leaves stages produced maximum Harvest index (33.99 %). In case of planting methods, ri...
 

Aftab Shaukat1,2,*, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Rizwan Shukat4, Shahid Ali Rajput5, 

Shadab Shaukat6, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem2,5,8, Mubashar Hassan2,5, Tabassam Fatima2,5
Fayyaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Usman Saleem7, Fatima Arooj1, Ashar Mehfooz2 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi2
...reeding season (15 September-30 October). Does were weighed at the start of breeding season T2 (BW=29.18±0.21kg) and T1 (BW=28.93±0.53kg), respectively. All the does were sent for grazing of jantar fodder for four hours daily and were sheltered during the rest time in different pens with separate feeding during the whole experimental period. Ad libitum supply of fresh clean drinking...

Iffat Nawaz1*, Farhatullah1, Fida Muhammad1, Sajid Ali2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali

...% were collected from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa while 11.5% from Kashmir and 10.4% from Gilgit Baltistan. Primary evaluation of seed characteristics was done according to International Board of Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) descriptors. Significant variation was observed for seed color, seed shape and seed coat pattern. Twenty-nine different colours of common beans were observed in these 96 accessions with pre-dominance of red colour. Four different seed shapes wer...

Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali2 and Muhammad Zulfiqar

... rainfall change from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region of North-West Pakistan to illustrate that climate change is no longer theoretical. It is real and becoming self-evident. Climate assessment 1981-2010 and future scenario 2010-2040 for KP noted little shifts in the annual average rainfall. However seasonal shifts are rather significant. In all the districts, spring and summer rains are showing an increasing trend whereas fall and winter rains are continuously decl...

Syeda Naila, Muhammad Ibrar, Fazal Hadi* and Muhammad Nauman Khan 

...s (7.35), vein islets number (9), and vein termination number (9.1), stomata number (47) and stomatal index were (42.72). Transverse section of the root showed outer epidermal cells, cortex and pericycle, xylem and phloem cells. Powder drug microscopy, ash analysis, extractive values and fluorescence analysis were also studied. Preliminary phytochemical screenings of different extracts of ...
Qamar Zeb1*, Silvia I. Rondon2, Hayat Badshah,1 and Arsalan Khan1
...lation of aphids, and numbers of parasitoids and predators were recorded at weekly intervals. Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus, Schizaphis graminum Rondani, and Sitobion avenae Fabricius were the predominant aphid species (Homoptera: Aphididae). Two species of parasitoids Aphidius ervi L. and Aphidius colemani Viereck were recorded. Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Chryoperla carnea Stephens ...
Tanweer Kumar1, Sahib Zada2,3,Muhammad Irfan4,*, Huma Batool5 and Wasim Sajjad2,6
...pulation of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study highlighted the relationship between HBV, demographic, clinical parameters and the risk factors in patients with HBV. A total of 4,758 blood samples from the mixed population were collected including 2382 male 2376 females. All the samples were subjected to hepatitis B surface antigen Immuno-chromatographic test (ICT), HBsAg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by Reverse transcription polymerase ...

Waseem Abbas1, Shakeel-ur-Rehman2, Abdul Rashid2, Muhammad Kamran3, Muhammad Atiq2 and Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq3* 

...>Cotton is the king of fibers and it is an important cash crop of tropical and subtropical regions. The present research was carried out to evaluate the comparative efficacy of different against the cotton leaf curl virus vector (Bemisia tabaci) and indirectly the disease incidence. Leaves extracts of four plant extracts i.e. Calotropis gigantea, Zingiber officinale, Allium cepa and Azadirachta indica were evaluated at 3 % c...

Hassnain1, Abdul Basit1*, Mehboob Alam1, Imran Ahmad1, Izhar Ullah1, Noor Alam2, Inayat Ullah3, Muhammad Areeb Khalid1, Muhammad Shair4 and Noor ul Ain1 

...t (82.69 cm), average number of leaves (104.02), leaf area (81.47 cm2), chlorophyll content (71.31 SPAD), relative water content (67.27%), excided leaf water retention (68.24%), number of fruit plant-1(24.66), average fruit weight (73.718 g) and yield (37.50-ton ha-1). Similarly, foliar application of chitosan at 100 mg L-1 resulted maximum average plant height (80.74 cm), average number o...

Roshan Ali1, Afsar Ali2, Shamsher Ali2, Muhammad Arshad Khan3*, Haroon Shahzad3, Noman Latif3, Muhammad Waheed4, Ashraf Khan5 and Murad Ali6 

...e (ARI) Mingora Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in summer 2016 aiming the effect of silicon fertilizer applied to acidic soil on yield of paddy as paddy is mostly affected through lodging in Swat valley. The treatments consisted of control, 50 kg silicon ha-1, 100 kg silicon ha-1 and 150 kg silicon ha-1. Field had 12 plots with size of 12 m× 6 m = 72m2. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 treatments having three (03) r...
Awais Bin Shahid1, Moolchand Malhi1,*, Saeed Ahmed Soomro1, Muhammad Giasuddin Shah2, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro3, Asmatullah Kaka4, Rajoo Mal1, Muhammad Awais Soomro1Saba Parveen Samo1 and Muhammad Nawaz Sanjrani5
...er (P < 0.05) number of cell layers in stratum germinativum in SY group compared to C. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity increased (P < 0.05) in ruminal epithelium of SY goats compared to C. The present study demonstrated an improvement in ruminal fermentation, and hyperplasia and enhanced GSH-Px activity in the ruminial epithelium of goats fed SY supplemented diet compared to control...
Hazrat Ali1,2,*, Ezzat Khan1,* and Muhammad Jamal Nasir3
...ary of River Kabul in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The different environmental samples were collected from the river, downstream the city of Peshawar, and analyzed for the selected heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Heavy metal accumulation was studied in muscles of six fish species collected from the river. Heavy metal accumulation was also studied in other tissues such as skin, gills, liver and kidneys of two fish species i.e., C...

Noorullah Khan1*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Fayaz Ahmad1, Sabaz Ali Khan2, Imtiaz Ahmed1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1, Shamsul Islam1, Abdul Waheed1, Basharat Hussain Shah1 and Hussain Shah

... However, the highest number of first-order adventitious roots (NFARP) plant-1 (9.5), seedling survival rate (SSR) (51.7), and plant height (85.5 cm) were recorded in plants treated with 3000 ppm IBA. Contrarily the longest roots of 50.7 cm were observed with IBA concentration of 5000 ppm. Correlation analysis revealed that SSR % and growth of kiwi seedlings are strongly associated with NFARP as we found strong correlation (P<0.001) among NFARP, SSR% and pl...
Huanxin Zhang1,2, Hongshuo Tang3, Jun Chen1, Yu Zang1,2, Xuexi Tang1,2,* and Ying Wang1,2,*
...ection, and the limit number of positive selection codons may be resulted from ancient functional adaptation in the carnivores.
...
Honghua Wang1,2, Summia Perveen1,2, Shucheng Shao1,2, Kun Wang1,2 and Fei Yin1,2,*
...xpressed, including a number of vesicle-mediated transport, cytoskeletal and extracellular secretion-related proteins. These results provide a platform to study tomont cell characteristics and provide a further understanding of cyst wall formation and mechanisms.
...
Bibi Nazia Murtaza1, Mazhar Saeed Chaudry2, Shamaila Inayat Nadeem1, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem3 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4,*
...eceptors or intrinsic members of cascades can lead to induce or promote cancers. Number of somatic mutations in several genes, majority of which are involved in chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation, have been reported in NHL. G468R and G468A mutations in BRAF gene have been reported in NHL, BRAF is a member of RAS mediated MAPK pathway. In current study, hot spots o...

Jawad Ali*, Ibad Ullah Jan and Hidayat Ullah 

... stress decreases the number of leaves, plant height, number of branches, stem dry weight, root dry weight, fruit diameter, number of fruit per plant and 1000 seed weight. Visually reduction in vegetative and yield parametric quality okra plant okra were significantly alleviated by the foliar application of Se under drought stress. Se application of 3 mg L−1 significantly increased t...
Kadry A. El-Bakry1, Lamiaa E.M. Deef1*, Lotfy Z. Habbak1 and Samia S. El-Naeli2
Erum Iqbal*, Nasir Mehmood, Nasira Kazi and Shahina Fayyaz
...an and Gadab, Sindh a number of plant and soil nematodes were encountered. Soil sample analysis revealed two and a known plant parasitic nematode species viz., Paratylenchus manilkarii n. sp., P. sindhicus n. sp.,and Pratylenchus kralli Ryss, 1982 as a new record species. P. manilkarii n. sp., is characterized by the lateral field with four incisures; stylet 28-29 µm long; vulval lips protruding with vulval flap; lip region ro...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1,3, Hussain Ali1, Ejaz Ur Rehman1 and 
Muhammad Ali Nawaz1, 2*
... conducted from 25 September 2014 to 23 October 2014, to estimate the population size of blue sheep in Shimshal and Socterabad Community Controlled Hunting Areas, by employing recently developed double observer-based Capture Mark Recapture method (CMR). A population of 834 ±356 were estimated in Shimshal and Socterabad CCHAs, with an estimated density of 0.6 sheep/km2. The present study showed a female-bias...

Ghulam Murtaza1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Fakhar Mujeeb2, Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Ayesha Zafar1  

...ts, diameter of stem, number of plants/ m2, total biomass of fresh plants were noted. Among all the treatments, T7 (T1 + organic matter @ 10 Mg ha-1) performed the best which produced the highest values of growth parameters. However, the treatment T3 (water of EC 3.0 dS m-1) proved inferior to all others with respect to height of sorghum plants, diameter of stem, number of plants m-2, total biomass of fresh plants. All the c...

Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz*, Khalil Ahmed, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Faisal Nawaz and Muhammad Sarfraz 

...ements included were: number of plant/m-2, number of leaves/plants, root length, bulb diameter, forage yield and total bulb yield. Results revealed that all the studied parameters were significantly improved with nitrogen application @ 80 and 100 kg ha-1 in ridge sowing. However, 80 kg N ha-1 in ridge sowing documented maximum economic benefit as compared to other treatments and is suggested as most cost-effective technique ...

Basharat Hussain Shah*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Shams ul Islam, Naveed Ahmed, Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan and Qamar uz Zaman. 

... for Line-31. Maximum number of tillers per plant 23.9 was recorded for Line-80. Maximum stem diameter of 7.20 mm was recorded for Line-140. The highest flag leaf length of 47.9 cm was recorded for Line-28. The 1000 grain weight of 39.0 g was equally recorded for Line-46 and Line-73. Yield data reveal that maximum yield of 4.92 t/ha was recorded for Line-37 followed by Line-28 and Line-25 having 4.52 and 4.44 tons yield per hectare respectively. Lowest yield o...
Nurlybay Kazhgaliyev1*, Talgat Kulmagambetov2, Dulat Ibrayev1, Saule Bostanova1 and Zhanat Titanov1
...nomics of adaptation of Aberdeen Angus and Hereford beef-producing animals brought from Canada and the Netherlands to Northern Kazakhstan. In order to investigate common zootechnic methods, daughters of imported Aberdeen Angus and Hereford cows were grouped at the age of 18-19 months with a live weight of no less than 350 kg. Groups were constituted using the analogue-pairs method and consisted of 30 cattle/group. Observatio...
Monica Paula Marin1, Elena Narcisa Pogurschi1*, Iuliana Marin2 and Carmen Georgeta Nicolae1
...oups based on age and number of lactation. In diet of the two experimental groups were added 150 g and 300 g natural zeolite/head/day and we provided 0.28 mg selenium/kg feed dry matter, as opposed to the control group, which received 0.15 mg selenium/kg feed dry matter. The diets supplemented with natural zeolite based on clinoptilolite were administrated one month before parturition and continued for 16 other weeks. The zeolite consumption of 150 g/head/day ...
Ahsan Anjum1, Asim Aslam1, Raheela Akhtar1, Tahir Yaqub2,  Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Rizwana Sultan3, Saba Usman1Aneela Zameer Durrani4 and Muhammad Usman4*
...lung samples had 6-10 numbers of sequestra. Besides, infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion, hemorrhages, necrosis and other degenerative changes were observed in tissue samples of infected cattle. Significantly higher (P<0.05) micro-pathological lesion scores were given to lungs, kidney and lymph node samples from infected cattle as compared to those of non-infected ones. In conclusion, CBPP, being a major factor affecting cattle production and ass...
Jun Zhang, Kui Zhang, Zuozhi Chen*, Yane Jiang, Yancong Cai, Yuyan Gong and Wenming Yu
...uring June 2013 to September 2018. According to FishBase, this study provides first report on LWR of six studied species and practically available parameters on LWR for three species. The estimated b values ranged between 2.218 (Parapercis millepunctata) to 3.308 (Halichoeres hartzfeldii) and the corresponding a values ranged between 3.98×10-6 (H. hartzfeldii) to 6.00×10-4 (P.

Shahzad Khan1*, Inayatullah Jan1 and Syed Fahad Shah2 

...of District Charsadda Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, were purposely selected for the study. A total of 30 respondents were interviewed with the help of a pre-tested questionnaire. The findings of the study reveal that skillful and experienced tenants were given preference by the landlord. But due to non-availability of extension department and its trainings, illiterate and untrained tenants are involved in agricultural practices. The physical inputs and investm...

Muhammad Bakhtiar Khan1 and Jangraiz Khan2* 

...etables viz tomato, cucumber and bottle gourd gave higher revenue, however tomato gave the highest return. Growing vegetables through tunnel farming involve higher cost in the shape of structure installation and inputs. Tunnel-farming is scientific farming and the growers need to be properly educated and trained. Establishing of cold storage facilities will greatly help farmers to fetch higher income. Additionally, credit facilities to the farmers would help p...
Yanyan Yu1,2,3, Yizhong Hu1, Qipeng Zhang1, Rongquan Zheng1,4,*, Bing Shen1, Shenshen Kong1 and Ke Li1
...ges (from April to September). Correlations were established between certain call properties, i.e., pulse rate was positively correlated with fundamental frequency (r=0.151, P<0.01) and negatively correlated with dominant frequency (r=-0.141, P<0.01). The females frog had the shortest response time to calls of 4-note duration and rate of 15 n/min. Our results may provide acoustic information of the spiny frog to further develop effective co...
Haroon1,2, Yu-Feng Meng1, Zahid Khan1, Farzana Perveen2, Muhammad Ather Rafi3, Sayed Waqar Shah4, Xiao-Hong Su1 and Lianxi Xing1,*
... in Tangi, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 506 specimens collected out of which 252/506 were belonging to family Nymphalidae, 217/506 from family Pieridae, family Papilionidae represented only 37/506 individuals. With their abundance Danauas chrysippus (F130, F314 and D3 24.11), followed by Junonia orytha (F121, F310 and D3 11.86), while Papilio polytes, Junonia hierta and Euthalia garuda showed minimum (F...

Majid Khan, Naveed Jehan*, Muhammad Zahoor and Nadia Naz 

..., Charsadda District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The aim was to analyse the poverty status of the Virginia Tobacco growers in the study area with Poverty Gap Index (PGI) method. The primary data was collected through structured questionnaire from 159 farmers. Monthly farmers’ income was calculated from the total crop and non-crop income. The results revealed that the poverty ratio and Poverty Gap index were 8.3 percent and 0.016 percent for the Virginia tobacco...

Muhammad Ramiz Murtaza1, Tahir Mehmood2*, Aziz Ahmad2 and Uzma Arshad Mughal3 

...Pakistan comes at 4th number in the production of mango and comes at 3rd number in the export of Mango. About 80 percent of Mango exports come from Punjab province. Muzaffar Garh district stands at third position in producing good quality mangoes in Punjab followed by Multan and Rahim Yaar Khan. Present research was done to check the economics of mango production with and without intercropping and determined various factors ...

Yousaf Ali1, Muhammad Zamin1*, Ibadullah Jan1, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Mazhar Hussain3, Fazli Rabbi4 and Muhammad Amin

...fect on shoot height, number of leaves, stem and root length, however stem diameter was significantly affected by compost and non significantly affected by genotypes. As far as the genotypes performance is concerned, genotype money maker showed the best performance for all the agronomic characters providing maximum shoot height (34.07cm), lengthiest root (47.87 cm), maximum number of leaves (6.42) and the highest stem diamet...

Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf2, Saeed Gulzar2 and Muhammad Akmal2

...on of Chirpine (Pinus roxberghii) an important species of subtropical pine ecosystems in the Himalayas. Data was collected through destructive sampling of 32 sample trees growing in subtropical pine forests of Hazara Forest Region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) of the selected sample trees ranged from (12-93 cm) and height (H) varied between 9.50-40.10 m. Allometric equation was developed...

Muhammad Usman* and Sajjad Ahmad 

...t ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan in 2018. In this paper, Chablisea imbiba and Chablisea condimenta are described for the first time from Pakistan. Morphological description is provided and elucidated with digital images. 

...

Nosheen Noor Elahi1, Muhammad Shafique1, Muhammad Imtiaz2, Umer Farooq3* and Muhammad Rashid1 

...levels were observed. Number of pods, flowers and fresh weight of pods were not affected at salinity levels of 0-50mM and decreased at 100 mM NaCI in all the four varieties. In varieties CM91 and CM2000 nodules were formed at all levels of salinity treatments, while in varieties CM44 and CM98 nodules were formed at salinity levels of 0-50 mM NaCl and completely inhibited at 100mM NaCl. The total protein and nitrogen contents increased with concurrent increasin...

Faisal Azeem Abbassi1, Atta Ullah2, Muhammad Saim Hashmi1, Khadim Hussain1* and Nasim Akhter1 

...rategies in district Bhimber, AJ&K. A basic survey was carried out to collect primary data from 310 households selected through convenient sampling. Endowment of livelihood assets was calculated by constructing asset indices. Asset weights were obtained using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Assets indices revealed that district has performed best on physical capital (index value 0.63) and human capital (index value 0.59) dimensions. It was found that f...
Muhammad Asif Gondal, Qazal Waheed, Sana Tariq, Waseem Haider, Aisha Khan, Qudsia Rasib and Haroon Ahmed*
...ils like Melanoides tuberculata, Indoplanorbis exustus and Gyraulus convexiusculus belonging to Family Planorbidaeand Family Thiaridae. Freshwater snail samples were collected from Islamabad and Rawalpindi in screw capped sterilized bottles from various localities during the months of July 2017 to December 2017. Physical parameters affect the presence of snails e.g. alkalinity of the soil indicates the survival...
Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel
...ation time of flight, number of fights, nasonasal, nasogenital and rears were decreased significantly. The latency to first bite was significantly increased, however the number of bites was decreased dramatically when compared with control. Motor activity and grip strength data were decreased significantly in exposed offsping. Interestingly, blood parameters like packed cell volume, red blood cell count, hemoglobin content, ...
Elmas Ulutaş1,*, Abdullah Eryavuz2, Aziz Bülbül2, Abdur Rahman3,*, İsmail Küçükkurt4 and Cangir Uyarlar5
.... Ruminal ammonia and number of protozoa were decreased (p<0.05) with 700 ppm and 1000 ppm zinc supplementation. Rumen Zn concentration increased (p<0.05) in the goats fed with 1000 ppm zinc, whereas there was no difference in rumen Fe and Cu concentration among the treatments, except for 1000 ppm zinc supplementation. High zinc supplementation to diet increased (p<0.05) the liver Zn and Fe concentrations and mohair Fe levels but decreased the kidney ...

Malak Atiq Ullah Khan1*, Fida Mohammad2, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Sheraz Ahmad2, Mian Ahmad Raza1 and Tariq Kamal

... year combination) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Graphical stability approaches such as AMMI and GGE provided almost similar results for identifying the high-yielding and stable wheat genotypes. The AMMI analysis identified G-58 and G-79, whereas GGE biplot identidified G-79 as the most stable and high yielding genotype. Numerical stability parameters like Eberhart and Russell’s model and Francis coefficient of vari...

Saba1, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Waqar Khalid2* and Saifullah Khan

...nt in district Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A multi-stage sampling approach was adopted to choose a random sample of 110 women farmers from the union council of village Shewa, and a well-structured questionnaire was designed to accumulate the primary dataset from rural women through face to face interviews. A women’s participation index was designed to compute the degree of women’s involvement, and a multiple linear regression model was pro...

Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui1*, Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Ghulam Shah Nizamani1, Shafquat Yasmeen1, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan1, Abdullah Khatri1 and Nighat Seema Soomro2 

...tributing traits like number of branches plant-1, seeds pod-1 and 1000 seed weight were also seen to be highest in the mutant AEL-40/30 (3.95, 1.91 and 29.11 (g), respectively). Moreover, the same genotype showed an extraordinarily high yield of 1765.1 kg ha-1. The other two mutant lines viz. AEL-13/30 and AEL-12/30 produced seed yield of 1628.4 and 1561.9 kg ha-1, respectively. Yield of the check varieties as well as the parent was substantially lower than th...

Haidar Ali1*, Malik Muhammad Shafi1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Hamra Haidar

...in Peshawar Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan during February 15 to July 27, 2018 by using research tools such as interview schedule. A sample of 298 small farm households were selected using random sampling technique for this study. Analysis showed that small farmers of developed villages perform more off-farm employment than small farmers of underdeveloped villages. This could be associated to the developed means of transport and communications, better e...
Abdurakhim Kuchboev1, Mehmonjon Egamberdiev2, Rokhatoy Karimova1, Oybek Amirov1 and Mitsuhiko Asakawa3,*
...gdiana. The total number of larvae per snail varied from 8 to 110 individuals. Alignment of the first four sequences of 28S rDNA was revealed a 99-100% similarity to D. dendriticum. Larvae from P. sogdiana snails were 98% similar to Brachylaima sp. In this study, it was confirmed that 2 species of terrestrial snail, X. candacharica and A. gereliana, act as the first intermediate hosts of D. dendriticum, and P. s...
Savas Atasever*, Huseyin Erdem and Ibrahim Cihangir Okuyucu
... parity (1= lactation number 1 and 2; and 2= lactation number ≥ 3) and stage of lactation (1=≤121 d, and 2= ≥122 d). While both BCS and RFS were not affected by non-genetic factors (farm, parity and stage of lactation), moderate correlation coefficient (r=0.536) was calculated between two traits. Routinely recording productive traits and rechecking feeding management for elevating RFS in the farms may be suggested i...
Jun Yan Bai1*, Xiao Ping Jia2, Xiao Hong Wu1, Guang Lu Li1, Heng Cao1, Xue Yan Fu1 and Kun Peng Shi1
...enase 3 (FMO3) is one member of flavin monooxygenase, FMO3 gene mutation has been proved the main causes of trimethylamine urine of human as well as fishlike smell of milk and eggs. In this study, polymorphism of FMO3 genes in Beijing white quail, China yellow quail and Korean quail was tested by PCR technology and hybrid DNA pool sequencing technology. Results can provide references for further exploring the action mechanism of FMO3 on fishlike smell of quail...

Muhammad Rasheed*, Tayyaba Naseer, Asma Hassan, Fayaz ul Hassan, Rifat Hayat, Ghulam Jilani, Samman Gul Vaseer and Muhammad Bilal Ali 

...strains showed nodule number (23.233), nodule size (0.1022 cm) and nodule weight (20.034 mg) of different lentil cultivars. Among the treatments, BS3 gave maximum of these traits while the NIA 2005 exhibit postive response on nodulation. Rhizobacteria isolated from root nodules improved the nodulation and capacity growth of lentil cultivars by producing plant growth regulators and nutrients uptake.

...

Amna Qazi1, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2*, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Shafquat Yasmeen2, Shahla Karim Baloch1, Muharram Ali1, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan2, Sagheer Ahmad3, Muhammad Rashid Nizamani4 and Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui

...-1 sucrose. Regarding number of shoots, shoot length and number leaves of the plantlets, BL4 was seen to produce excellent results in MS media containing 1.00 mg l-1 IAA + 1.00 mg l-1 Kin + 1.00 mg l-1 BAP and 20 g l-1 sucrose. Mean number of shoots, leaves and shoot length, were all recorded to be highest for this composition of media (1.42, 1.54 and 3.90, respectively). The results indic...
Saeed Murtaza1, Abdul Sattar1*, Nasim Ahmad1, Muhammad Ijaz2Maqsood Akhtar3 and Muhammad Shahzad4
...oki, Pakistan from September to October. For this purpose, 25 animals were randomly divided into three groups: group-1 (Control; n=8), group-2 (Low dose 10IU; n=8) and group-3 (High dose 30IU; n=9) while one animal excluded at milk sampling from group-3 due to unavoidable circumstances. Oxytocin was administered to each buffalo twice daily @10IU and 30IU into group-2 and group-3 respectively, whereas, saline into group-1 wit...
Nazia Qamar1,2*, Sher Khan Panhwar2 and Wang Ping1
...88) collected from September 2017 to April 2018 by Estuarine Set Bagnet are discussed. High linearity (>0.8) among parameters was estimated by fitting a liner model and a negative allometric growth pattern in E. styliferus, P. stylifera and slight positive growth was calculated for M. monoceros. A moderate growth rate for E. styliferus whereas fast growth rate for M. monoceros and P. stylifera was calculated by appl...
Babar Khan1,2 *, Nazir Javed1, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1, Muhammad Atiq1, Abdul Jabbar1, Abdul Rehman3, Anam Moosa1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*
...rval populations of a number of Lepidopteran insects in the soil.
...
Sumaira Akram1, Sajid Aleem Khan1*, Nazir Javed1 and Saeed Ahmad2
...orded on the basis of number of eggs on the most susceptible wheat variety cv. ‘Aus -7-58-0850’. In protective effect the highest number of eggs were recorded in rugby treatment. Chemicals were found to be more effective than plant extracts and biocontrol agents. Among biocontrol agents TH produced lowest number of eggs. In curative effect of plant extracts the highest num
Jiao Qin,Qian-Qian Su and Quan-Sheng Liu* 
...nagement of this pest. Cabergoline can inhibit prolactin (PRL) secretion and was applied in fertility control for animal, however, the physiological and behavioral mechanisms of cabergoline as a sterilant in practice remain little known. This study determined the effects of different doses of cabergoline on the inter- and intra-sexual social behavior and reproduction physiology in adult fe...

Kenneth Nnamdi Anueyiagu*, James Jingmang Kopmut, Chrysantus Achi Lagi and Kelly Nkem Okoh 

...ts, and cows between October 2017 and April 2018. Samples were enriched in peptone water broth, incubated at 37oC for 24 hours, and sub-cultured onto Mannitol Salt Agar and thereafter standard bacterial procedure continued. A total of 83 (51.9%) S aureus isolates were identified, 54 (33.8%) MRSA, and 15 (9.4%) Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The study showed a statistical association between the prevalence of MRSA in livestock and student...
Mustafa Boğa1, Kerim Kürşat Çevik2* and Aykut Burgut3
...ibe the impact of the number of lactation, lactation days, age at first calving and breeding, and number of insemination (ratio) on cattle milk yield (last seven days in average). For this purpose, the milk yields of 156 Holstein Friesian cattle were investigated according to different age, lactation, calving and insemination associated parameters. Optimum values in literature were organized by an expert in establishing clas...
Riffat Sultana1, Nuzhat Soomro1,*, Santosh Kumar2, Ahmed Ali Samejo1 and Samiullah Soomro1
...he pods. Beside this, number of eggs in each egg pod, distribution pattern and weight, length and width of eggs in the pods were also noted. Eggs pods of Oxya species were cylindrically elongated, large, slightly bent in the middle and rounded at ends while egg pods of Oxyina bidentata are bean shaped. The weight, width and length of freshly laid egg pods of Oxya species was46.82±5.28 mg, 15.56±9.56mm, and 7.20±0.78 mm...
Anila Naz Soomro1*, Hiroshi Suzuki2, Sadaf Tabassum Qureshi3 and Wazir Ali Baloch1
...e occurrence of large number of juveniles at St. 3, 4 and 5 in smaller length groups. Also C. typus ovigerous females exhibiting spawning migration to the downstream and its juvenile also migrate back to upstream after completing the larval development in Urbaru stream were also observed. Presence of C. sakishsimensis at only St. 1 indicates the species is not using the river continuum for migration. Due to cave dwelling habit of C. sakishsime...
Aouicha Djebroune1*, Aissa Mokabli1, Miloud Hammache2 and Gahdab Chakali2
...these nematodes on the tuber yield of various potato varieties was also studied. Variety Kondor produced the best yield while Desiree gave the least. The variety Kondor presented the best results in terms of resistance and yield. It is important to use this variety to control these pests.
...
Zhi Yi Jin and Shao Ming Qin*
...abitat scales, from November 2017 to March 2018 and November 2018 to March 2019. At landscape scale, the main foraging habitats of this species include woodlands and farmlands. The largest proportion of woodland in the habitats was 88.70%. Proportion of shoals in foraging habitats at 500-m, 1000-m, 1500-m and 5000-m scales were larger than that in control plots, indicating that the presence of shoals is an important factor d...
Syed Basit Rasheed*, Ahmad Yar, Farrah Zaidi and Qaisar Jamal
... instabilis, Monomorium aberrans, Mo. dichroum, Mo. indicum, Pheidole binghami, Ph. fergusoni, Ph. indica, Ph. latinoda, Ph. sulcaticeps). Fromicinae was presented by seven species placed in five genera: Camponotus having three species (C. compressus, C. oblongus and C. sericeus) and one species each of Cataglyphis (Ca. setipes), Lepisiota (L. frauenfeldi), Paratrechina (P. longicornis) and ...
Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Gul Bahar Khaskheli3, Allah Jurio Khaskheli2 and Arshad Ali Khaskheli1
..., crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen free extract and total carbohydrate contents) were included. Comprehensive survey indicated year round availability of 19 different vegetations at study areas whereby dry matter contents in Calligonum polygonoides (93.63%) recorded significantly high, and in Trifolium alexandrinum it was low, while moisture content appeared vice versa to dry matter. Organic matter contents in Senegalia senegal (94.05%...
Meriem Msaad Guerfali1,*, Heitham Hamden1, Salma Fadhl1, Wafa Djobbi1, Lotfi Sillini1, Wafa Marzouki1 and Mohammed Ammar2
... about the nature and number of treatments. The samples were subjected to ingestion toxicity bioassays of malathion and spinosad at different concentrations. Histopathological effects of spinosad were also studied and showed that for doses up to LC50, annoying effects begin to appear in glial and neurosecretory cells. The LC50
Muhammad Waseem, Tariq Mahmood*, Abid Hussain, Abdul Hamid, Faraz Akrim, Shaista Andleeb and Hira Fatima
... and the least from November 2016 to March 2017. A total of 74 livestock were killed (in previous five years span) by Asiatic black bear including goats (75%), sheep (14%), and cows (11%), amounting to economic loss of 15,240 US$. Moreover, 16,420 kg maize was damaged by Asiatic black bear having a worth of 3284 US$.
...
Muhammad Yahya1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Khurram Shehzad2, Muhammad Luqman3 and 
Sher Muhammad Shahzad2

Muhammad Asif Farooq1*, Muhammad Jalal Arif1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi1, Bilal Atta2 and Ahmad Nawaz

...imilarly, the highest number of samples (41.66%) from PRMM-4 exceeded maximum residual limit (MRL) values of the Codex Alimentarius Commission while the lowest (16.66%) were observed in PRMM-1. In addition, all the modules showed a significant difference in pest population reduction of Bactrocera spp., Drosicha mangiferae and Idioscopus clypealis. Although, pesticide contamination was higher in PRMM-1, however PRMM-2 was found best module when compared in term...
Savas Atasever*, Ali Vaiz Garipoglu and Huseyin Erdem
...pound feed usage (C), number of milking cow (NMC), calf suckling period (CSP)). Average F (3.144±1.931%), P (3.022±0.448%), L (4.475±0.669%) and logSCC (5.386±0.529) values were within acceptable ranges. The present investigation revealed that feeding practices had an important role on both milk quality and quantity of Jersey crossbred cows. Therefore, it is suggested that procedures including proper feeding implementations should e...
Ali Asghar1*, Tariq Mukhtar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Asim Gulzar2
...ions were observed in number of galls and egg masses per root system in response to both the pathogens applied individually and in combinations. Maximum numbers of galls and egg masses were observed where nematode was applied alone. Significant reductions in galls and egg masses were recorded where nematode and the bacterium were applied in combinations. At higher densities of both the pathogens, the reductions in these para...

Arjumand Nizami1, Muhammad Zulfiqar2*, Jawad Ali1, Naushad Khan2 and Imran Sheikh

...a were collected in December 2018 from the same beneficiary farmers. The data collected were analyzed using MS-Excel. The analysis of the data reflected that although canal water was available but about 80% at head, 50% at middle and 20% at tail. Thus remaining irrigation water requirement i.e. about 20% at head, 50% at middle and 80% at tail was met through tube well operation. The result from before and after AWD technology and laser land leveling technology...

Muhammad Zamin1*, Abdullah Khan1, Ibadullah Jan1, Fazli Rabbi2, Shahen Shah3, Rashid Ali1, Kaleem Ullah1 and Muhammad Amin4 

...lication. The highest number of florets per spike (11.42) were obtained at treatment combination of nitrogen and potash (100N +200K kg/ha) where other parameters of plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and spike length were at par with their respective maximum results. However, the lengthiest spike (88.10cm) was produced at 100kg/ha nitrogen. Similarly, the application of nitrogen at the rate of 200 kg/ha produced tal...

Aftab Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Asim Khan1, Muhammad Waqas1 and Sufyan Ullah Khan2 

... in Southern areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. It utilized the primary data collected from 320 maize farms randomly selected through multistage sampling. Parametric technique of stochastic frontier production function was estimated to model output of maize growers. Results of stochastic frontier model revealed that tractor hours, labor and FYM positively and significantly affected yield of maize. Average technical efficiency was predicted to be 0.68 rangin...
Naseeb Ullah1, Assad Ur Rehman1, Aamir Khan1, Rabia Noushin2Shahid Naiz Khan1, Syed Ishtiaq Anjum1, Sajida Afzal1, Asma Naseem1Kenza Javed1, Ujala Rauf1 and Kalim Ullah1*
...wat, southern part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan. 376 blood samples were randomly collected from livestock (large and small ruminants) from December 2017 to April 2018 to examine the prevalence of FMD. The current study indicated that overall FMD in Livestock was 14.31% with 16.37% in small ruminants and 12% in large ruminants. A significant difference in sero-positivity was observed in small, young and adult of both s...

Muhammad Farhan1, Ghulam Murtaza1, Muhammad Ramzan2, Muhammad Waqar Sabir3, Muhammad Arsalan Rafique2, Saif Ullah

... feeder and fed large number of aphid instars nymphs (1st, 2nd and 3rd). The larval predatory potential was 413.9±0.07 aphid per larvae. The current study results revealed that Chrysoperla carnea has great potential for biological control of aphid. 

...

Pushpa1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Shahla Karim Baloch2, Mehmooda Buriro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Muhammad Tahir Khan3, Qamar Uddin Jogi1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1 and Farheen Deeba Soomro1 

...m L.). Wheat varieties Amber and TJ83 were subjected to powder of Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis and Avena fatua under three different treatments i.e. 25, 50 and 75g. The effect of these weed powders on seed germination (%), shoot length (cm), root length (cm), shoot fresh weight (g), root fresh weight (g), shoot dry weight (g), root dry weight (g), and seed vigor index of test species was investigated under laboratory conditions. The powder of weed p...

Saeed Ahmed Shah Chishti1, Saba Aleem1*, Iram Sharif2, Kashif Nadeem1, Nusrat Parveen1 and Muhammad Najeebullah1 

...t, yield per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, fruit weight and fruit diameter were significantly improved by the application of 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid. Highest yield per plant 13.50 kg was recorded with the application of 75 ppm in 4- chlorophenoxy acetic acid twicely when the minimum temperature was ranged between 12.5-23°C. Likewise, maximum yield per plant 7.08 kg was also obtained with the same treatment when the minimum temperature was betw...

Fazli Ahad1, Raziuddin1, Nazir Ahmad1,2*, Muhammad Nauman1, Touheed Iqbal3, Nabeel Khan1, Fazli Hameed4 and Quaid Hussain2 

... Agriculture-Peshawar-Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan with three repeats. Significant differences were recorded for days to 50% flowering, plant height, primary branches plant-1, main raceme length, pods main raceme-1, pod length, seeds pod-1, 1000-seed weight, seed yield plant-1 among genotypes, parents and F3 population. Similarly, parents vs. F3 population also showed significant differences for all the studied traits except primary branches plant-1 and pods ma...

Rehman Ali Keerio1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui2, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Maryum Siddiqui4, Hajra Khan3 and Farheen Deeba Soomro

... diameter (19.71 cm), number of seeds head-1 (1300.0), seeds weight head-1 (62.74 g), seeds index (60.12 g), seed yield (1927.8 kg ha-1) and oil content (41.92%) were observed under 2.00% Zn, while and minimum plant height (143.67 cm), stem girth (6.19 cm), head diameter (12.65 cm), number of seeds head-1 (715.3), seeds weight head-1 (35.53 g), seed index (43.82 g), seed yield (1062. 7 kg ha-1) and oil content (29.28%) was r...

Adewumi Olubusuyi Moses1,2*, Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas,1,3, Ope-Ewe Oludayo Oluwaseyi1, Ibitoye Ibipeju Henrietta1, Arowosaye Abiola Opeyemi1, Adelowo Oluwatosin Deji1 and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,2,4 

... EV Species C (NPESC) members in stool samples. In all, 20% (8/40) of all the samples screened had NPESCs and 50% (8/16) of the EVs detected were NPESCs. However, the RD cell line missed all NPESCs. Hence, RD cell line alone should not be used for EV isolation if the desire is to also isolate NPESC.  

...
Waqas Ahmad Shams1*, Gauhar Rehman1, Khurshaid Khan1, Ibrar Ahmad1, Saima Bibi1, Saif Ul Islam2, Dawood Safi1, Saba Gul Ayaz1
...rom Buner district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan were looked over, over a period of three years extending from June 2013 till June 2016, collected at different sampling points. Extensive surveys were conducted for three years at different timings during the active periods of crab life. To have a comprehensive study of the crab fauna of Buner District, nine different localities were selected for conduction of survey. The results showed that there were two crab...
Mubashar Hussain1*, Misbah Younas1,Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Umar1, Maimoona Kanwal1, Moazama Batool2
...only in August and September whereas C. pithecius and C. platypus were noted in September only. O. gazella were recorded inJuly, August and September, however, O. castaneous and O. bonasus were not recorded in the month of May, June and August. Maximum abundance was recorded in Mundeke whereas the least abundant site was Malkhanwala. O. excavatus and O...

Ahmad Naeem Shahzad1, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi2, Samee Ullah1, Muhammad Latif3, Shakeel Ahmad1 and Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari1* 

...s of plants including number of leaves, leaf fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, plant height, leaf dry weight and root dry weight were severely hampered by salt stress. The absence of necrosis in cotton leaves under salt treatments indicated that growth was primarily restricted by the osmotic component of salt stress. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase) in plant leaves were increased in response t...
Maria Khalid1, Tanveer Hussain1*, Zahid Farooq2, Kamran Abbas1 and Masroor Ellahi Babar1  
...bution and chromosome number. In Pakistan the Chukar partridge (A.chukar)), is an important member of Phasianidae family, however a scarce molecular data is reported that urged us to investigate its genetic diversity and phylogeny using mitochondrial DNA, Cyt-b and Cox1 genes. A total of 749bp of Cox1 and 472 bp of Cyt-b complete coding regions of both genes were amplified by PCR followed b...
Muhammad Sarmad, Syed Muhammad Zaka* and Syed Muhammad Tahir Abbas Shah
...ays). Fecundity (mean number of eggs) was significantly highestin case of G. hirsutum (16.33±0.88)as compared to A. esculentus (11.67±0.67) and H. annuus (6.67±0.33). Biology and bionomic study on different hosts will help the researchers make IPM strategies.
...

Peer Sikandar Shah1, Ghulam Nabi1, Maqsood Khan*1,2, Saddam Hussain1 and Jawad Ali Jan1

... emergence (80.43 %), numbers of leaves plant-1 (45.87), leaf area (99.87 cm2), number of fruit plant-1 (7.94), fruit weight (289.20 g), fruit volume (193.84 cm3), yield plant-1 (2.42 kg) and total yield (12.09 t ha-1) were obtained by Jaipuri cultivar. While in case of manure regimes maximum vine length (465.50 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (49.13), leaf area (110.48 cm2), (14.09 cm), nu...

Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2 and Farhan Anwar Khan

...e prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB); detection of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection in lactating indigenous cattle/buffaloes raised on different commercial dairy farms and exposing the hazards linked with milk-born tuberculosis infection in the area where unpasteurized milk is normally used in the central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. A total of 1225 cattle and 11...

Amjad Ali1*, Lal Almas2, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Hina Fatima3 and Asim Khan1  

...and and Charsadda) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Through a structured questionnaire, key questions were asked to gather data with respect to inputs utilization and socio-economic characteristics of selected sample of sugarcane growers. Using Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA), mean technical efficiency of sugarcane crop in KP was around 70 percent ranging from minimum 53 to maximum possible efficient level of 98 percent. Results of study indicate that on average...

 Muhammad Rafay1,*, Ghafoor Ahmad1, Tahira Ruby2, Muhammad Abdullah3, Fahad Rasheed4, Muhammad Abid1, Sohail Akhtar5, Zulfiqar Ahmad6 and Riaz Hussain7

...> from February to September, 2014. The cup shaped nests were made of dry grass and roots by a group of individuals of jungle babbler on Albizzia species having an average clutch size of 4 eggs. Average peripheral and core diameter, depth of nest was 13, 9 and 7 cm, respectively. Breeding completed in 36 days including incubation, nestling, post nestling and fledgling stages of 13, 5, 4, and 14 days, respectively. Overall predation during these stages w...
Muhammad Shuaib Khan1, Shakeeb Ullah1, Nisha. A.R2, Muhammad Umar3, Muhammad Inamullah Malik1*, Syed Muhammad Kamal Shah1, A. Zaman1, Shakir Ullah1, Imdad Ullah1, Sumera Ali Khan4
... house hold community members male and female keeping animals to cope their livelihood needs. By restoring proportionate sampling each group was comprised of 30 males 30 females. Animal’s owners were selected for the purpose of this study as the representative samples of the area by personal interviewing of respondents and observations regarding different pack animals i.e. camel, bull, horses/ mules and donkey. Score from female respondents by dif...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Mudasser Nazir2, Aneela Hameed3, Nasir Ali Tauqir4, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Rana Muhammad Bilal5
... cysts, delayed age at puberty, repeated estrous cycles, dystocia, abortions, dead fetuses and retention of the fetal membranes. OT administered exogenously or secreted endogenously, establishes in minutes the desired effects and metabolized to inactive products rapidly in the body. Irrespective of whether OT is ingested with milk or secreted into the milk, it is degraded readily by gut-enzymes so that it doesn’t reach the circulation in biologically-act...

Muhammad Shakeel1,2*, Salik Nawaz2, Yasar Saleem3, Shazia Shafique2, Ateeq Tahir2 and Muhammad Riaz2

... Punjab, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (KPK) provinces, Kashmir and Islamabad. A total of 167 farmers and amateurs growers, engaged in the cultivation of high value or medicinal crops were contacted. Out of these, 68 found as broccoli growers and most probably due to shyness only 37 contributed in data collection process. In the perspectives of health-promoting properties of broccoli 62% were unaware of health benefits and 7% aware of beneficial properties ...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Riyasat Sultan 

... that Decrease in the number of Livestock, increasing Employment opportunities, availability of dairy products in the market etc. are the most important causes contributing to the decline of seasonal migration. A very interesting cause referred by the majority of respondent responsible for the decline of seasonal migration is increased number of marriages (trans-cultural) between Utla males to the females from down country. ...

Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Muhammad Zubair Khan1, Ayesha Bibi2, Muhammad Shehzad Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad

...plant height, maximum number of fruits plant-1 and yield were observed and severity of disease was investigated for supplement efficacy. The biochemical results obtained were all positive, which confirmed stem rot pathogen as Erwinia carotovora sub spp. chrysanthemi (gram-negative bacteria). Highest plant height (75.3 cm) and maximum number of fruits plant-1 (14.3) were recorded with A. indica when applied at 15ml L-1 along ...

Gulnaz Hameed1, Abdul Saboor1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2*, Ghaffar Ali2, Dawood Jan2 and Mansoor Rasheed

...red and nonregistered members of AJKCDP. Primary data were collected through interview schedule. Foster Greer and Thorbecke measure was used to calculate incidence of poverty which is then used to model the probability expressions with the help of Logit to investigate the correlates of poverty in the research area. Poverty was found at below for registered members and investigations showed that education, area under cultivat...
Min Lv1, Hui Gan2, Zhide Ruan1, Huizan Yang1, Rui Wang1, Laiba Shafique3, Huma Naz4 and Huawei Ma1,
...etween mid-March and October 2016, and we monitored the Cd, Cr, and Hg concentrations in gills, large intestines, small intestines, intestine contents, longitudinal muscles, and body wall, and in suspended particles and sediment in the ponds. The effect of fish growth on metal concentrations was determined. Simultaneously, the correlat...
Ali Uzun* and Bilgenur Yasa
...erature and the total number of individuals of coot Fulica atra on group formation and dispersal on the lake surface was studied. Coots form large groups in winter (as many as 11,500 individuals). The total number of individuals has no effect on dispersal on the lake surface and grouping behavior of the species (p>0.05). Temperature and security are the primary effective factors for these subjects (p<0.01). Beha...

Bilal Atta1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Sabar1, Bakhtawar3, Faizan Ali3 and Mehran Sarwar

...tracts viz. Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) was compared against T. castaneum infesting stored wheat. The results have suggested that mortality and repellency in T. castaneum increased as the dose rate of crude plant extracts and exposure interval increased. The maximum mortality (86.67%) was achieved with the highest dose of crude extract of Z. officinale (80mg per 7.5g wheat...
Şükrü Önalan1*, Muhammed Arabacı1and Haşmet Çağırgan2
...utilization. 1 and 19 number isolates were negative for sucrose whereas other isolates gave positive results. 1 number isolate was different from other isolates based on maltose profile. While isolate 22 was maltose negative, the other isolates gave positive results. According to phenotypic differences, all isolates used in the study were classified as three different groups.
...
Yuhong Li1, Dongxue Wu1, Xue Wang1, Mi Zhang1, Hanyu Zhu1, Zhe Shi1 and Fumin Feng1,2*
...injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs in mice. A total of 168 Kunming mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and one baseline group. The drug groups were orally administered with isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), pyrazinamide (Z), and combination of these three drugs (HRZ) at 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 days, respectively. Liver tissue pathologies and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities changed, indicating ...

Riffat Sultana*, Nuzhat Soomro and Muhammad Saeed Wagan

...>O. nitidula, the numbers of known species in genus Oxya is raised to 9 for Pakistan and 5 for Sindh. We further provide a key to the Oxya species from Sindh.
...
Sana Khan1, Raheela Taj1, Noor Rehman2, Asad Ullah3, Imad Khan3 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3,*
...pitalized patients of Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar, and processed by for isolation of C. freundii followed by phenotypic detection of β-lactamases and antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Our results indicated that a total of 130(4.40%;130/2950) samples were positive for C. freundii comprised of urine 58.46%, pus 33.85% and wounds 7.69%, respectively. More samples from females (n=70) than males (n=60) with majority (43.08...
Mahvish Rajput1, Abdullah G. Arijo1, Muhammad Bachal Bhutto1Rehana Shahnawaz Buriro2, Javaid Ali Gadahi1, Muhammad Naeem3 and Zubair Ahmed Laghari1*
...ate was observed in November (56%) followed by October (38%), September (34%) and was observed lowest in August (22%). While, the infection rate in both sexes varies but the statistically non-significant difference in the prevalence among females (45%) than males (29%) was observed. Among the isolated rumen flukes, six flukes were used for molecular characterization by amplifying second in...
Sohail Ahmed1,*, Muhammad Waseem Saleem1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Shahid Nisar2, Rashad Rasool Khan1 and Abdul Rashid3
..., and concluded that deliberate use of predators may be expensive for the management of thrips on Bt cotton.
...

Anila Latif, Zaheer Abbas, Farhatullah and Ghulam Muhammad Ali* 

...lored to control DBM. Berberine is an insect toxic alkaloid and produced by plants of family Berberidaceae. Berberine Bridge Enzyme (BBE) gene involved in the synthesis of berberine was isolated from Berberis lyceum and over expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The integration of the B...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Raza1*, Waqas Wakil2,3, Imtiaz Hussain4 and Misbah Iqbal Qamar

...sts of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with application of salicylic acid (SA) and β-aminobutyric acid (BABA). Concentration of SA and BABA (2, 4 and 5 mM) were applied to foliage. Application of both resistance inducers suppressed disease development by 54.1% and 67.4%, for SA and BABA, respectively, 5 days after pathogen inoculation. Numbers and size of lesions per plant was reduced by application of SA and BABA. Plants...
Xiuqing Hao1, Zhe Hong2, Huili Gao1, Fumin Tian1, Hongke Zhang3, Yu Zhou3, Yuming Guo3, Guang Yang1,* and Bingyao Chen1,*
...rare in China. From November 2013 to January 2014, we utilized line-transect method to investigate the bird community and fishery vessel in Beihai and Shatian, northern Beibu Gulf, China, for obtaining the baseline knowledge. The best model generated the seabirds’ density of 11.47 (95% confidence interval 6.90-19.05) individuals/km2 and 1.94 (1.27 - 2.95) individuals/km2, respectively in Beihai and Shatian. The coefficient of variat...
Rabia Saeed1, Muhammad Naveed1, Muhammad Razaq2*, Muhammad Rafiq1, Muhammad Tahir Jan1, Syed Ishfaq Ali Shah1, Shabana Wazir1 and Fahad Munir3
...lems. Antilochus coquebertii (Fabricius) (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) is significant predator of the genus Dysdercus and other members of the pyrrhocoridan family. In the present annotation, we record for the first time A. coquebertii in cotton growing areas of Dera Isamil Khan, Muzafar Garh and Multan districts, Pakistan.
...

Abdur Rehman1*, Sajjad Ahmad1, Ahmed Zia2, Asad Ali3, Kiran Shahjeer4, Abdul Latif1 and Taimur Khan

... in District Swabi of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A comprehensive field survey was conducted to collect dragonfly adults using aerial nets. 19 sites of District Swabi were surveyed during summer seasons of 2015 and 2016. The study revealed 23 species from 15 genera under 3 families. The abundant family was recorded as Libellulidae that was comprised of 19 species belonging to 11 genera, family Gomphidae included 3 species belonging to 3 genera and family Aes...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Saliha Khalid1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Ayesha Iqbal1, Muhammad Ameen1
...>Pachyportax. The members of both genera have medium to large sized body with strong hypsodonty of teeth representing grazing on coarse grasses and shrubs in the Late Miocene Siwalik habitats of Potwar Plateau. At the apex of molar, crown is narrow and represents selenodonty in Selenoportax, while a broader crown in Pachyportax which indicates strong hypsodonty. The present sample add valuable information on systematics, dental morphology and...
Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Imran Bodlah1*, Ammara Gull e Fareen1,2, Muhammad Shakeel Khokhar1
...ountries of Pakistan. Members of this genus are considered as generalized foragers and cryptic in nature. Collected material was verified using most recent and available literature provided by Bharti and Akbar (2014). Herein we report one species of this genus C. raja (Forel, 1902) based on queen for the first time from Himalayan Foothills of Pakistan. Differential d...

Abid Khan*, Mukhtar Alam and Yousaf Jamal 

...search Station Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The experiments were laid out using three factors factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Bio-aab was used as a source of (BM) culture. Microbes present in this culture were species of photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter spaeroides), lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus lactis), yeasts (Saccharomyces c...

Arshad Farooq1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan2, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq3 and Asif Nawaz

...I. Khan) districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan during 2018. The main objective of the study was to find the influences of farmers’ characteristics on knowledge gap of sugarcane recommended production management practices in the research area. Data were collected personally through face to face interview schedule from 285 sample respondents randomly selected from eight villages of the eight selected union councils. The empirical results ind...

Muhammad Salim1*, Ayhan Gökçe1, Muhammad Nadir Naqqash1 and Orkun Ersoy

...nversely, the highest number of adults emerged at a dosage of 100 mg/Kg and in the control, i.e. 114.67±7.42 and 143.33±11.66 adults, respectively. The present study proposed that DE might potentially be effective in controlling S. granarius based on its ability to cause desiccation to the insects’ protective cuticular wax layer. In order to develop environmentally sound control programs for in sito management of granary weevils, it will be...

Samman Gul Vaseer1, Muhammad Rasheed1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Yamin Bibi2, Saqlain Shah1, Asma Hassan1, Lubna Ayub Durani1, Muhmmad Asif3 and Zuhair Husnain

...ld attributes, nodule number, nodule weight and higher grain yield over control. The increase in nodule formation (nodule size 0.0988cm and the nodule weight 136.87mg) was found in NM-11@ Cobalt Nitrate 30ppm and 20pmm respectively. Better nodule grading 3.25 were found at treatment 30ppm cobalt nitrate in NM-16. Similar yield response achieves in a three different mung bean varieties.  

...

Ahmad Khan1*, Raza Ullah Khan1, Sadia Khan2, Muhammad Zameer Khan1 and Fayyaz Hussain1 

...45mg l-1. The highest number of pods/plant-1 (22) were obtained in HS applied at the rate of 30 mg l-1 followed by 22.00 at the rate of 45 mg l-1. The maximum biomass wt. 14.24 g was received in 15 mg l-1followed by 30 mg l-1 having weight of 14 g. The highest straw weight of 8.78 g was obtained in 30 mg l-1 treatment. The highest seed weight of 5.64g was received in 15 mg l-1The highest pod length of 11.86 mm was obtained in 45 mg l-1, while the highest pod d...

Shah Nawaz Khuhro1*, Irshad Ali Junejo1, Muhammad Haroon Hullio1, Sultan Ahmed Maitlo2, Javeed Shabir Daar3 and Shahjahan Rajput

...t of whitefly and the number of whitefly catches at traps on different observations on brinjal. Results of field trials confirmed that yellow sticky trap attracted more number of whiteflies as compared to the green, pink and light green, so yellow color traps may be used in methods of insect population monitoring. The other colors were less attractant so this study found that using yellow-colored sticky-traps as an alternati...

Md. Zubael Islam, Rukhsana Amin Runa and Md. Mahmudul Alam* 

...examined from May to October 2019 and a total of 257 surgical affections were recorded, among them 46 cattle were diagnosed as different foot diseases. Among different surgical affections, the prevalence of foot diseases was as high as 17.89%. The most common foot affection was FMD (23.91%) which was followed by Laminitis (17.39%), Footrot (15.22%), Sole ulcer (13.04%), Interdigital dermatitis (10.87%), Upward patellar fixation (10.87%) and Digital dermatitis ...
Mian Adnan Kakakhel1, Faryal Gohar1, Zahid Anwar2, Raza Ullah1, Muhammad Attaullah3, Shahbaz Ahmad4, Aamir Khan5, Kalimullah5*
...>A total of a hundred number of blood samples (72 males and 28 females) were collected from Peshawar, Pakistan. The serum samples were analyzed for IgG and IgM by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and statistical analysis carried out. Out of these tested samples, 20% were positive for both IgG and IgM against T. gondii. The positive prevalence of T. gondii w...

Ayesha Zafar1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Sarfraz2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sher Muhammad3 and Ghulam Murtaza

...s, 1000 grain weight, number of plants/m length, grain yield, total biomass and harvest index were recorded. All the above parameters were enhanced by increasing fertilizer rate and maximum values were achieved where fertilize was applied at the rate of 210-210-112.5 kg ha-1 (150 % of recommended dose i.e., T5). Grain yield increased more prominently when compared with straw yield where fertilizer was applied @ 210-201-112.5 kg/ha. 

...

Ghani Akbar 

... Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). 

...

Muhammad Jan1*, Safdar Hussain2, Muhammad Anwar ul Haq3, Javed Iqbal4, Ilyas Ahmad4, Muhammad Aslam4 and Aiman Faiz3 

...d and evolved. But the fiber quality and seed cotton yield up to now till is poor in quality as compared to other developed countries. A judicious combination of manures and fertilizers depending upon the availability, the type of the soil and crops to be grown would not only maximize the crop production and improve the quality of agricultural products but would also maintain the fertility, productivity and overall health of the soil for posterity. So, keeping...

Noor Islam1*, Rashid Mahmood1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Sarfaraz Ahmad2 and Saleem Abid

...n Kohat from June to October 2018. Data were recorded for consumption rates, sealed worker brood area, strength of honey bee colonies and honey yield. Data analysis showed significant difference among all diets tested and check (i. e. control colonies). Diet 2 induced the highest consumption rate (71.90 g per colony), maximum sealed worker brood area (1562.0 cm2 per colony), mean highest maximum (12 frames covered with bees per colony), and higher (9.2 kg Zizy...

Muhammad Rasheed1*, Zafar Ullah1, Muhammad Ansar1, Asma Hassan1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Hussain Shah4 and Muhammad Arshadullah

... systems. The highest number of tillers plant-1 (11) for Oats was recorded in oats-vetch mixture under conventional tillage (CT) while comparing minimum tillage (MT) to zero tillage (ZT) 43 percent higher yield of oats was obtained under MT. The impact of cereal legume mixture on forage yield was optimistic. In economic analysis MT depicted the highest net benefit per hectare over both other tillage systems that are conventional and zero-tillage with values of...
Neelam Pery*, Nayab Batool Rizvi, Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq
... been taken over by a number of biologics including TNFα inhibitors, IL-1 inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, and co-stimulatory signal inhibitors with better efficacy and safety profile. However, certain factors such as lack of universal response, the need for prolonged therapy, subcutaneous or intravenous mode of administration along ...

Md. Al-Amin Tan1, Mst. Antora Akter1, Md. Sabuj Rahman1, Marzia Rahman2 and Md. Mahmudul Alam1* 

...in preparation is still aberrant in veterinary practice. The study was, thus, conducted to standardize pre-surgical skin preparation with various formulations of Chlorhexidine gluconate, Chlorxylenol, and Povidone-iodine (PI) in goat. Seven surgical fields were prepared for evaluating seven formulations of these antiseptics. The bacterial swabs collected at different stages of skin preparations were transferred in nutrient broth and cultured in Plate Count Aga...

Zubair Aslam and Ali Ahmad* 

...ht, shoot dry weight, number of leaf, leaf length, stem girth) and physiological parameters (relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents and membrane stability index (MSI)). The obtained results indicated that vermi-fertilizers and chemical fertilizer significantly increased all of the above said parameters of maize as compared to control but foliar application of 6% vermi-tea treatment showed maximum morphological and physiological performance of maiz...

Nasrullah1*, Ahmad Nawaz Khoso1, Jamila Soomro2, Ilahi Bakhash Marghazani1, Masood-ul-Haq Kakar1, Abdul Hameed Baloch1, Sarfaraz Ahmed Brohi1 and Muhammad Asif Arain1* 

...(CP) natural detergent fiber (NDF) and nutrient detergent fiber (NDF) were recorded significantly similar (P<0.05) in both species. Furthermore, digestibility of DM was observed similarly among two species while, digestibility of CP was recorded higher on millet fodder compare to other fodders. The digestibility of various nutrients such as CP, NDF and ADF were significantly higher (P<0.05) in sheep compared to goat. D...

Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddique1, Faisal Sohail Fateh2*, Zia-Ur-Rehman1 and Humayun Saleem

...tify;">Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) belongs to solanaceae family and is categorized as tuberous crop. Potato is ranked 4th all over the world after rice, wheat and maize. Nutritionally potato is rich in vitamins (B1, B2 and B6), minerals (potassium, phosphorus and magnesium), pantothenic acid and riboflavin. Major potato producing districts in Punjab are Okara, Sahiwal, Kasur, Sialkot, Sheikhupura, Narowal, Lahore, Pakpatta...

Naseem Zahra1* and Shajia Jabeen

...in rice and is high in fiber contents. Brown rice is also rich in phosphorous, magnesium, thiamin, selenium, manganese, niacin and vitamin B6. This review entails important and healthiest aspects of brown rice to include it in regular diet. 

...

Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Luqman2, Muhammad Arshad Javed2, Syed Wasim Hasan3 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed

...sap-feeding pest of a number of horticultural and agricultural crops in Indo-Pak region. It has been an emerging threat to citrus industry in Pakistan and is considered as hard-to-control pest. This study evaluated some selected pest control options against the infestation of D. mangiferae under field conditions. The treatments included some most effective conventional and novel chemistry insecticides, botanicals and cultural control practice (i.e. two under-c...

Jawad Ali Jan1, Ghulam Nabi1, Maqsood Khan1,2*, Shehzad Ahmad1, Peer Sikandar Shah1, Saddam Hussain1 and Sehrish

...ng (33 days), maximum numbers of leaves plant-1 (208.93), plant height (42.27 cm), stem diameter (1.60 cm), number of fruit plant-1 (52.53), yield plant-1 (184.61 g) and total yield (3.69 t ha-1), while maximum fruit weight (3.65 g), fruit volume (9.47 cm3) and fruit diameter (12.0 mm) were noted in variety Magma. In case of humic acid levels, maximum number of leaves plant-1 (243.67), bra...

Hafiz Muhammad Imran Javed* and Mushtaq Ahmed 

... On the other hand, a number of substitutions were observed at sites considered important for the structural and functional integrity of the N and F protein. All of the conserved regions were same regardless of the gene while the substitutions were seen at different residues other than the conserved domains. However, the analysis based upon the three-dimensional protein structures revealed that the study isolates showed mutation at C-terminus region of N prote...

Paul Oludare Adetunji* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola 

... taken on the onset of puberty parameters (age at first sperm cell and puberty) from 16-22 weeks of age, semen quality parameters (semen volume, semen concentration, sperm output, sperm motility and sperm abnormalities) from 26-52 weeks of age and sexual ornaments’ morphometry (Comb Length-CL, Comb Height-CH, Wattle Length-WL, Wattle Height-WH and Inter Pubic Distance-IPD) from 16-24 weeks of age. Data on onset of pu

Amjad Ali1, Awais Salman1, Gul Daraz Khan1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2, Mahmood Alam Khan3 and Sajjad Ahmed

...ex of turnip. Maximum number of leaves per plant (19.16), leaf length (19.97 cm), leaf width (10.46 cm), plant height (39.27 cm), turnip length (17.24 cm), turnip diameter (7.84 cm), turnip yield (22.42 tons ha-1), turnip weight (256.62 gm) and harvest index (52.34 %) were recorded for I1. Maximum turnip length (18.09 cm), turnip diameter (7.69 cm), turnip yield (21.11 tons ha-1), turnip weight (304.22 gm) and turnip moisture content (93.62 %) were recorded fo...

 Salman Khan, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali and Murtaza

...d in district Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A three-stage random sampling technique was used to collect data from 100 respondents during 2018. A Cobb-Douglas type production function was used to approximate effect of determinants on potato yield. Major shares of the input cost per acre incurred in the study area were seed (Rs. 18720), followed by land rent (Rs.15890) and labors having an estimated cost of Rs. 14965 respectively. The analysis showed tha...

 Abdus Salam* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...on strategies used in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province have many limitations. The present study was thus conducted to compare and analyze the farmers’ perceptions regarding use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in agriculture extension at three selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Based on the multi-stage sampling technique, population for the current study, 3 zones from 5 were purposively selected on...

Javed Iqbal1, Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Adnan Bashir1, Muhammad Hamza2, Wardah Muzaffer3, Muhammad Tahir Latif1 and Naeem Faisal1 

...ence (plants per m2), number of productive tillers per m2 and grain yield (3-7%) of all wheat varieties although productive tillers per plant, number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight was decreased. Faislabad-08 performed better regarding grain yield and related components among all varieties. Seed rate and varieties did not interact significantly for studied traits. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield was...

I. Erum, K. Nasira, H. Sagir, S. Raza and Firoza, K.

Description of Discolaimus miniodontii n.sp. and Laevides hunderansis n. sp. with notes on Discolaimoides spatilabium (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from District Ghizer, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
...cro;m), short spicule, gubernaculum and tail length (24, 5, 14µm, respectively) and by the presence of one supplement within the spicular range.

...

U. A. Al-Karim, A. A. Alshimaysawe, A. E. Mohammed† , W. A. R. Aljaafri and F. A. Al-Fadhal

Evaluation of biological seed treatments for management of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton
...a sp., suppressed the numbers of R. reniformis eggs significantly. Seeds treated with Abamectin and bacteria had fewer vermiform adults in the soil in comparison with the non-treated seeds. The bacteria and Burkholderia spp., seeds treatments drastically suppressed the number of eggs isolated from cotton roots compared with the non-treated control. Abamectin also inhibited the number of ve...

 K. Abbasi 1 , R. Wick2† and D. Zafari1

Chitinase activity of biocontrol fungi cultured from the golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis
...he least based on the number of parasitized juveniles and eggs in water-agar. Greenhouse trials showed T. atroviridae and B. bassiana had the highest dry root weight and tuber yield.

...

 Tajwali Khan1*, Ihtzaz Qamar1, Feroz Shah2, Kareem Akhtar2, Rehman Akhtar3

MODEL FOR FUEL DROPLET EVAPORATION IN COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF LIQUID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES
...all-scale combustion chamber of bi-propellant liquid rocket engine where fuel
concentration away from droplet is not zero. A code is generated and applied. The results of the model show that
fuel droplet diameter, combustion chamber pressure, chamber diameter, mass flow rate and droplet relative velocity
with hot gas has significant effects on the life of droplet and c...

Muhammad Amjad*1, Abdur Rafai1, Saeed Badshah1, Rafi Ullah Khan1, Sajjad Ahmad1 

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE REAL LIFE LOADINGS ON THE TI-27NB HIP BONE IMPLANT
... be damaged
by number of reasons. The objective of this paper is to investigate the real life loading on the Ti-27Nb hip bone
implant by using FEA. The model of the implant was generated using CREO PARAMETRIC software. Two weight
categories 75Kg and 100 Kg with four different daily life activities stand up, sit down, knee bend and walking were
considered in this study. The FEA analysis was performed using commercial FEA software ANS...

Muhammad Nafees Khan1, Iftikhar Hussain2, Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Ullah2, Shehzad Ali Jamshed4 

THE EFFECTS OF TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE ASPECTS ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE
...performance.
A number of recommendations are given regarding implementing these tangible and intangible factors for
manufacturing concerns in Pakistan. 

...

Mujahid Khan1*, Mohammad Tufail2, Muhammad Fahad1, Hazi Muhammad Azmathullah3, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam1, Fayaz Ahmad Khan4, Asif Khan5 

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR PATTERN
...s. For this purpose a number of experiments
were conducted in the physical modeling laboratory of River Engineering and drainage control, USM, Malaysia.
The study shows that the pier scour depth and affected area around pier increase with the increase in pier size.
The study further demonstrates that the square pier models results in greater scour depth and area as compared to
circular pier models. Magnitudes of scour depths and are...

Zulfiqar Ali Soomro1* 

NOISE CONTROL FILTRATION OF LATERAL AND YAW DYNAMICS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLE WHEELSET ON TRACK
...em through applicable member functions.

...

Younis Jamal1, Asad Naeem Shah1, Wasif Amin Butt1, Ahmad Naveed1*, Muhammad Usman1 

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FUEL INJECTION PARAMETERS ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS
...al
combustion chamber (CC) are better than sac nozzles with hemispherical CC, and that wider cone angle nozzles
at 10° BTDC give the optimum results in terms of emissions and performance, relative to those of narrower cone
angles. The 150° nozzles with 1.5 mm tip penetration give abated carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and
smoke emissions along with better performance characteristics such as brake specific fuel consump...

Samreen Fatima1*, Mudassir Uddin1 

COMPARISON OF ASYMMETRIC GARCH MODELS WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR STOCK MARKETS PREDICTION, A CASE STUDY
...They are not only the member of SAARC but also sharing
the common border, due to this they are also involving in bilateral trading. We used closing indices of daily share
price for the period of 1st January, 2010 to 15th January 2016. This study compares the forecasting performance
and also investigates more volatile stock markets using Asymmetric GARCH (A-GARCH) models and non-parametric
method (Artificial Neural Networks). In the ...

 M. Ihsan Ul Haq1, Ahmad Hussain2*, Farzana Yasmeen3, Shafiq R. Qureshi4

LIFE CYCLE COSTING AND PAYBACK PERIOD EVALUATION OF A SOLAR THERMAL DESALINATION SYSTEM
...P) period for vacuum chamber and solar collector
has also been presented. The energy payback period of solar collector and vacuum chamber are found to be 1.3
years and 1.5 years respectively. The emission payback period of solar collector and vacuum chamber are found to
be 1.8 years and 2.1 years respectively.

...

Zahooruddin1*, Muhammad Altaf1, Ayaz Ahmad1, Farooq Alam1 

GRADIENT ASCENT INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS ALGORITHM FOR TELECOMMUNICATION SIGNALS
...stment of the maximum number of iterations and the
step size parameter is required. In this paper, we introduced an Adaptive Step size Gradient Ascent ICA (AS-GAICA)
technique for varying block length that can also controls the maximum number of iterations adaptively. The performance
of the proposed technique is compared with Fast-ICA and Optimum Block Adaptation ICA (OBAICA) for
telecommunication...

 Waqas Javaid1*, Adnan Tariq1, Iftikhar Hussain2, Sahar Noor2

AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH FOR CMS DESIGN
...lts in minimizing the number of
intercellular moves. Over the years, a number of efficient approaches have been developed by researchers to handle
the Cell Formation Problem (CFP). Among these, a large number of approaches consist of Artificial Intelligence
(AI) based techniques. The main advantage of such approaches is their ability to handle the CFP effectively both ...

Murad Ullah Khan1*, S. Zuhra2, M. Alam3, R. Nawaz4 

SOLUTION TO BERMAN’S MODEL OF VISCOUS FLOW IN POROUS CHANNEL BY OPTIMAL HOMOTOPY ASYMPTOTIC METHOD
... /> (OHAM). Reynolds number is based on Suction or injection through the wall, so for different values of Reynolds, we
obtained different types of semi-analytic solutions by OHAM. 

...

Khizar Azam1*, Abdul Shakoor1, Shahid Maqsood2, Muddasar Habib3, Muhammad Fahad4, Akhtar Zaib1 

IDENTIFICATION OF SITES FOR ESTABLISHING PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR FARMS IN PAKISTAN USING SOLAR GEOMETRY
...stan province. In the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, district Nowshera
(I= 8.06 kWh/m2/day), in Sindh province, district Sukkur (I = 7.9 kWh/m2/day) and in Punjab, district Bahawalpur (I
= 8.17 kWh/m2/day) have been found most suitable. This study shows that Pakistan has a good potential to install
solar parks in all the provinces and provides a potential solution to address the energy crisis in Pakistan. 

...

Rafiullah Khan1, Waseem ur Rahman1, Misbah Ullah2, Kamran Afaq3, Muhammad Amjad1, Sakhi jan1 

AGE EFFECT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIP JOINT BONE: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
...ollagen as reinforcing fibers. As bone supports all the organs of a body so its
mechanical behavior is of prime importance. The mechanical properties of bone varies with age. In this paper, the
effect of age on various mechanical properties of hip joint bone was investigated experimentally. For this purpose
hip joint bone specimens of male bovine of different age groups were tested for fracture toughness, young modulus
and tensile s...

Khuram Rashid1, Saroosh Danish2, Muhammad Akram Tahir3 

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON UTILIZATION OF WASTE RUBBER TIRES AS FILLER IN CONCRETE
...ential usage of waste rubber tires in concrete. Disposal of
tires is a major problem and their accumulation create health and fire hazards. To incorporate waste rubber tires in
construction industry is considered as a sustainable and environment friendly solution. Experiments were designed
by incorporating coarse and fine rubber content as partial substitution of conve...

Tehmina Amjad1, Ishfaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Akram Shaikh2, Nabila Naz1 

VARIATION IN CITATION BASED FRACTIONAL COUNTING OF AUTHORSHIP
...r the variation among number of citations received by publications of
authors. In this paper, we propose variation in citation based fractional Vf -index which not only consider the number
of authors but also the variation factor in the number of citations. Vf -Index considers the consistency in received
citations of publication in addition to their quality and quantit...

Sajjad Ali1, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1, Daulat Khan1, Mohammed Sharif2, Hamad Khan1, Asmat Ullah3,
Abdul Malik1 

PREDICTING FUTURE TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION OVER PAKISTAN IN THE 21ST CENTURY
... and Southern Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and central
Balochistan are likely to be subjected to greatest temperature rise in the coming decades. The projections of precipitation changes over Pakistan by different models show greater variability compared to temperature changes. An
increase in precipitation in the range of (1-11%) was projected over Pakistan for the mid century. However, central
Balochistan and southern Punjab showed negative...

Shabana Rafique1, Shahnaz Parveen Khattak1, Tanveer Hussain2, Faiza Tauqeer1, Bashir Ahmad3 

EVALUATION OF FLEXURAL RIGIDITY AND ABRASION RESISTANCE OF POST AND META-FINISHED PIGMENT DYED P/C FABRICS
...ffect of
U-V absorber and Pekoflam OP flame retardant (organic phosphorous compound) on fabric stiffness was found to be
advantageous, providing it a soft texture. The post-application of fluorine based liquid water repellent finish (NUVAFD)
at high concentration well resisted the abrasion rubs. The optimized formulation, 50g/L of polyurethane had
improved the abrasion resistance of fabrics. Generally, the finishing of polyester/cot...

Muneeb Abrar1, Shabbir Majeed Chaudhry2 

DESIGN OF A LOW NOISE, LOW POWER AND SPURIOUS FREE PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR AND CHARGE PUMP FOR PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS
...istor positioning and number of transistors in
both up and down network, which produces a stable charging operation and reduces the spurious jumps in the output
voltage. The overall output noise including thermal and flicker noise of the complete design at high frequencies is
as low as -213 db at 4GHz. The proposed design provides ahigh output voltage swing of 1.4V while operating at
1.5V supply voltage. The design has been implemen...

Muhammad Masood Tahir1, Ayyaz Hussain2, Saeed Badshah3, Qaisar Javaid2 

RULE-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF BEARING FAULTS USING CENTRAL TENDENCY OF TIME DOMAIN FEATURES
...h are
equal in number to that of faults. Separating distances among normalized CVs (NCVs) in a set provide the criteria
to select or discard that particular feature before further processing. The selected sets of NCVs are finally used as
references to generate rule-set for testing the unknown vibration samples. The results are evident that the proposed
RDS may be an effective alternative to the existing classifier-based fault diagno...

Zahoor Ahmed Baloch* 

IMPLEMENTATION OF TAST CODES IN DS-CDMA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Salman Saeed*, Akhtar Naeem Khan**, Rashid Rehan*, Sikandar Hayat Sajid**, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam*, Khan Shahzada** 

COST AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF PRECAST POST TENSIONED PRE-STRESSED GIRDER BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURES
...such as bridge width, number of lanes, number and length of spans,
slab thickness, number and spacing of girders. Some of these variables are dictated by traffic demands and highway
geometry, while others are related to structural demands. Typically, designing a bridge usually involves experience
and expert judgement of the bridge engineer. This study is aimed at cost ...

Farid Ullah Khan*, Adeel Ahmed*, Uzair Khan Jadoon*, Fahim Haider* 

MODELING, SIMULATION AND FABRICATION OF AN UNDERSHOT FLOATING WATERWHEEL
...us waterwheel with 10 number of blades, each
having a width of 1.75 m and height of 0.55 m, are capable of generating the desired power from stream flow velocity
of 1.5 m/s. Moreover, a prototype of an undershot floating waterwheel is also fabricated from low weight materials,
such as, fiber glass and mild steel square tubes. For electrical power generation a DC generator is coupled with
the outpu...

Suhaib*, Shahid Maqsood*, Sikandar Bilal Khattak*, Misbah Ullah*, Rehman Akhtar*, Rashid Nawaz*, Iftikhar Hussain*, Abdul Shakoor**, Khizar Azam** 

SINGLE FACILITY LOCATION SELECTIONPROBLEM FOR A PAKISTAN BASED ICE CREAM COMPANY: A CASE STUDY
...e
warehouse in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), province in order to meet the demand in KPK on time and reduce the
travelling cost between the warehouse and destinations. Moreover, using Contour line technique a generic computer
based simulation model is developed using MATLAB in order to draw an ISO cost contour line around the optimum
location. The model is successfully developed and provides encouraging results. The cost analysis of eac...

Hassan Nasir*, Rashid Rehan,** Rizwan Younis,*** Fazal Mabood,**** Salman Saeed,**, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam** 

MACHINERY SELECTION FOR DEMOLITION AND RECYCLING OF PAVEMENTS: A SIMULATION-BASED TOOL
...ction of the type and number of machinery on construction is critical to the total cost and duration of
projects. This especially applies to projects involving using of heavy machinery such as earthmoving projects. Currently,
many construction managers – especially in Pakistan, rely on their intuition and judgement based on past
experience to select their construction machinery fleet configuration. This approach is obviously subjecti...

Mujahid Badshah, Saeed Badshah, Sakhi Jan 

HYDRODYNAMIC DESIGN OF TIDAL CURRENT TURBINE AND THE EFFECT OF SOLIDITY ON PERFORMANCE
...tified by varying the number of turbine blades. The value of CP increased by 1.5% with increasing the number of blades from 2 to 3. The value of CP further increased by only 0.2% with increase in number of blades from 3 to 4. The value of turbine thrust was minimally effected by increase in the number of blades. However, the value of thrust per blade inc...

 Mahmood Alam Khan, Afzal Munir, Muahmmad Shahzad Khattak, Daulat Khan, Muhammad Ajmal

GROUNDWATER RECHARGE QUANTIFICATION FROM RAINFALL IN PESHAWAR DISTRICT-KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
... of Peshawar district Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Groundwater recharge was estimated by subtracting runoff from the rainfall. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method was used to estimate the runoff produced from rainfall events. As per the data provided by Pakistan Metrological Department, Peshawar, average annual rainfall in district Peshawar during 2002-2011 was 486.1 mm. The weighted curve ...

Sajjad Hussain, Nisar Mohammad, Zahid Ur Rehman, Noor Mohammad, Ishaq Ahmad, Naseer Muhammad Khan, Salim Raza 

EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY CYANIDATION PROCESS FROM COMPLEX ORE OF SHOUGHUR AREA CHITRAL, KYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
... of district Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on laboratory scale testing. The research work was carried out into two parts. In first part the cyanidation parameters like grinding time, dosage of pH, cyanidation time, dosage of sodium cyanide (NaCN) and dosage of lime Ca (OH)2 were optimized. The samples were subjected to differential grinding time varying from 20 to 35 minutes, pH of slurry adjusted from 9 to 11 by adding Ca (OH)2 from 0.5 to 1.5 gm/kg , dosage ...
Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Ejaz Ashraf3*, Asad Ali4 and Arooba Rubab5
Effect of Insecticides on the Longevity of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
...; eggs presence (less number of eggs) df=3, F=8.97, P=<.001, egg hatching (less number of eggs hatched) df=3, f=11.94, p <.001, day to pupation (F=3, df = 5.611, p< 0.001) and less adult emergence rates in the selected cell. The cyhalothrin was also found statistically significant and affecting the honey bees at egg hatching (decreased egg hatching as compared to control) and pupation (less pupation as compared to t...

Asif Nawaz1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1, Rehmat Ullah1, Arshad Farooq2 and Abdul Hassan2

Assessment of Weed Management Competency of Field Assistants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...f Field Assistants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agriculture Extension Department. Data from 234 randomly selected Field Assistants were collected through pre-tested and validated interview schedule to achieve study objectives. Results showed that highest ranked weeds management competencies at possessed level were familiarity with the names of commonly occurring weeds, ability to identify various types of weeds and aware about indirect weeds control methods. Moreover...
Kemi F. Omotesho*, Adedamola V. Adetayo, Adeniyi F. Akinrinde and Deborah A. Olabode
 
Challenges to the Adoption of Agricultural Innovations: The Case of Yam Minisett Technology in Kwara State, Nigeria
...ct (β=0.209) and membership of farmer-groups (β=0.562) significantly influenced adoption. The study concluded by highlighting the determinants as well as challenges to the adoption of the technology. Recommendations include increase in the frequency of extension visit, adequate sensitisation and training, and provision of needed accompanying materials as measures to ensure the adoption of innovations in the study area.

...

Shaista Naz1*, Noor P. Khan1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Azra2 

Does Women’s Participation in Livestock Management Enhance their Empowerment? An Insight from the Tribal Belt of Pakistan
...ls keeping place, and number and breed of animals were more significant for assessing women empowerment as depicted by the high DMI value of above 0.80. Moderate level of women empowerment was observed in the activities of animals’ purchase (0.57), animals’ sale (0.59), and livestock income utilization (0.63) due to their low level of mobility and technical know-how. Almost all the household activities were directly related to the power of men due ...

Hina Fatima1*, Sania Shaheen2, Lal Khan Almas3 and Sehrish Haroon4

Profit Efficiency among Transplanting and Direct Seeded Rice Producers (Case Study of Certain Rice Growing Areas of Province Punjab, Pakistan)
...rough increase in the number of educated people in farming system, and the enrichment of extension services in the rural areas.

...

Muhammad Zamin1*, Fazli Rabbi2, Shahen Shah3, Muhammad Amin4, Haroon Ur Rashid5, Hasnain Alam6 and Sabahat  Ali1

Performance of Lilium (Lilium elegans L.) Genotypes using Different Planting Media
...eight (72cm), highest number of flowers (5.4) and least days to flowering (45.92 days). However, maximum number of leaves (53.3) were recorded in genotype Red carpet and largest (17.67cm) flowers were noted in genotype Yena. On the other hand, the genotype Star fighter started flowering after 125.17 days and other varieties were found between the two-genotype range, covering a large period of flowering. As far as the plantin...

 Faisal Shabbir*, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*, Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Naveed Ahmad*, Jawad Hussain*

EFFECT OF COCONUT FIBER AND MARBLE WASTE ON CONCRETE STRENGTH
...ry year, while coconut fibers (CF)

are abundantly available in tropical regions. These two raw materials can be used as a partial cement replacement
in concrete. In this research, a combination of CF and marble dust (MD) has been investigated. Cubes were formed
for compressive strength and beams were formed for flexure strength tests using different percentages of cement, CF
and MD. It has been found that the combi...

Atta Ur Rehman, Laiq Hassan, Nasir Ahmad, Kashif Ahmad, Shakirullah

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND HAMMING DISTANCE USED FOR IRIS RECOGNITION
...ature extraction, the Rubber Sheet
Model and one-dimensional (1-D) Log-Gabor Filter are used respectively. Finally for classification/matching of iris
patterns, Hamming Distance and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are applied. The evaluation results on CASIA V.1
dataset show that Hamming distance algorithm is more suitable for the classification (with average accuracy of
93.85 %) of iris patterns.
...

 Mujahid Badshah*1, Saeed Badshah1, Sakhi Jan1

HYDRODYNAMIC DESIGN OF TIDAL CURRENT TURBINE AND THE EFFECT OF SOLIDITY ON PERFORMANCE
...rying
the number of turbine blades. The value of CP increased by 1.5% with increasing the number of blades from 2 to 3.
The value of CP further increased by only 0.2% with increase in number of blades from 3 to 4. The value of turbine
thrust was minimally effected by increase in the number of blades. However, the value...

 Mahmood Alam Khan1*, Afzal Munir1, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1, Daulat Khan1, Muhammad Ajmal1

GROUNDWATER RECHARGE QUANTIFICATION FROM RAINFALL IN PESHAWAR DISTRICT-KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...div>Peshawar district Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Groundwater recharge was estimated by subtracting
runoff from the rainfall. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method was used to estimate the
runoff produced from rainfall events. As per the data provided by Pakistan Metrological Department, Peshawar,
average annual rainfall in district Peshawar during 2002-20...

 Sajjad Hussain1*, Nisar Mohammad1, Zahid Ur Rehman1, Noor Mohammad1, Ishaq Ahmad1,

Naseer Muhammad Khan2 and Salim Raza1
EXTRACTION OF GOLD AND SILVER BY AGITATION CYANIDATION PROCESS FROM COMPLEX ORE OF SHOUGHUR AREA CHITRAL, KYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN
... of district Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was carried
out at laboratory scale. The three representative samples ground at time 25, 30 to 35 minutes and roasted at 650 oc
for 1 hour were subjected to agitation cyanidation process at varying dosage of pH from 10 to 11.13 , CaO from 0.5
to 1.5 gm/kg, NaCN varies from 1 gram to 5.93 gram and cyanidation time varies from 0 to 39 hours. The maximum
grade of 71.82 ppm wi...

Nisar Mohammad*, Mohammad Mansoor Khan* Noor Mohammad*

CHARACTERIZATION OF TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES, DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...ted in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. These rocks host emerald crystals and the debris are dumped after excavation and extraction of emer...

Tabassum Yasmin*, Muhammad Sadiq*

IMPACT OF LANTHANUM DOPING ON SAC305 LEAD FREE SOLDERS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS
...st-asian: normal;">number ofreliability problems are hindering its use in high-temperature microelectronics. To improve the properties, a number of researchers used the Rare-Earth (RE) materials to refine the microstructure of lead-free solders due 

 Abdul Malik*, Abdul Sattar Shakir**, Muhammad Jamal Khan***, Muhammad Latif**, Zia-ul-Haq*

YIELD RESPONSE AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF SUGAR BEET IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT UNDER DIFFERENT DEFICIT IRRIGATION REGIMES
...y;">Institute Mardan, Khyber Pakhtun Khawa, Pakistan. Randomized Complete Block Design was used to conduct the experiment and three replications were applied. Four levels of irrigations, designated as full irrigation, 20% deficit irrigation, 40% deficit irrigation and 60% deficit irrigation were tested. Results showed that for all deficit irrigation treatments the root yield was low but the sugar content an...

Nisar Mohammad٭, Mohammad Mansoor Khan٭, Noor Mohammad٭

EXTRACTION OF HIGH QUALITY TALC FROM TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES BY FLOTATION AND LEACHING
...ted in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan were conducted to recover high quality talc out of the talc carbonate rock and to develop a technique for up gradation of indigenous noncommercial talc resources from other locations. These rocks host emerald crystals and the debris are dumped after excavation and extraction of emerald crystals. Controll of environmental threat caused by these rock dumps is an additional benefit of the research. Two step ...
Khizar Azam٭, Abdul Shakoor٭, Riaz Akbar Shah٭, Afzal Khan٭, Shaukat Ali Shah٭,
Muhammad Shahid Khalil٭٭
COMPARISON OF FATIGUE RELATED ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES ON THE NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AND MOTORWAYS IN PAKISTAN
...elated RTC. The Total number of RTC on Motorways during 2003-2012 was 1750 out of which 497 were fatigue-related. The total number of RTC on (N-5) during 2003-2011 was 5080 out of which 483 were fatigue-related. The average percentage of fatigue related RTC on Motorways was 28%, however on National Highways (N-5) it was found to be 10%. Fatigue-related RTC is thus more prevalent on the Motorways. It was also discovered that ...

Shaukat Ali*, Shah Khusro*, Laiq Hasan**, Asif Ali Khan**

A SURVEY OF MOBILE PHONES CONTEXT-AWARENESS USING SENSING COMPUTING RESEARCH
...lications to answer a number of real-world problems belonging to different sectors including automatic road condition detection and traffic monitoring, social networking, environmental pollution monitoring, and healthcare monitoring etc. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of research efforts contributed by researchers, organizations, and academia emphasizing on using mobile phones sensing capabilities for developing effective contex...

Syed Farasat Ali Shah*, Amjad Naseer**, Rashid Rehan**

USE OF RUBBER WASTE IN CONCRETE TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION- AN OVERVIEW
...essary to reuse these rubber wastes to reduce environmental pollution. Rubber wastes can be used in concrete as a partial replacement of aggregates resulting in lightweight concrete. Using rubber wastes in concrete enhances the impact resistance, thermal insulation and sound insulation at affordable strength. This paper reviews the viable use of rubber w...

Azam Khan*, Irshad Ahmad**

IN-PLACE ANALYSIS OF JACKET OFFSHORE STRUCTURE UNDER STORM CONDITIONS
...rity checks including member strength, stability and hydrostatic collapse have been performed.
...

Inayat Ullah*, Shah Khusro**, Saeed Mahfooz**, Azhar Rauf**

IMPACT OF NETWORK SCALABILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RIP AND IGRP FOR EMAIL SERVICES
...more scalable and the number of hops between source and destination increases, even if simple network architecture is followed. The results also indicate that IGRP consumes relatively less CPU pulses of email server.

...

Zeeshan Sabir*, M. Inayatullah Babar*, Saeed Ur Rehman**, Amjad Ullah Khattak * Syed Riaz Ul Hassnain*

EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MANET ENVIRONMENT BASED ON TCP WINDOW SIZE EVALUATION
...aluation and the number of tcp packets successfully received at the receiving node under each scenario.
...

Muhammad Tahir Manzoor*, Javed Iqbal*, Mohammad Inayatullah Babar*, Zeeshan Sabir* Khizar Azam*

MULTI HOP CLUSTER DESIGN IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
... a cluster with small number of hops.

...

Asif Nawaz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Rehmat Ullah, Khalid Nawab and Urooba Pervaiz

Investigation of Professional Competency Level and Training Needs of Field Assistants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
... Extension Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A sample of 234 respondents was selected and personally interviewed through pre-tested and validated interview schedule. Paired sample t-test and dummy variable regression model were used to achieve study objectives. It was found that Field Assistants were highly competent in conducting farm/home visits followed by conducting meetings and organizing extension campaigns. Highest training needs in professional competency...

Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Shamsher Ali3*, Adnan Nasim1, Muhammad Ismail1, Nur Ul Haq1 and Muhammad Usman4

Effect of Planting Sources, Cane Portions and Setts Placement Methods on Sugarcane Yield Attributing Traits
...itute (SCRI), Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The experiment was conducted in RCB Design with split plot arrangements, in 3 replications for two years (2012-14). Different planting material i.e., trenched (sugarcane buried in soil to avoid frost damage) and fresh cane (directly obtained after harvesting of standing crop) stalk segments i.e. upper, middle, lower and 33 % (having upper + middle + lower cane portions in uniform proportion of 33) each mixed p...

Tanveer Sultan1, Anwaar Ahmed1, Aqsa Qayyum2*, Amer Mumtaz2 and Naeem Khalid

... 1.72±0.04) and fiber contents (0.01±0.001 to 2.64±0.04) with the increment in buckwheat flour while moisture contents decreased significantly (4.63±0.04 to 3.80±0.04). The protein (8.93±0.03) and fat contents (3.01±0.06) were significantly higher in supplemented pasta having 50% buckwheat. However, it negatively influenced the cooking quality parameters (cooking time, loss of solids). The sensory scores emphasi...

Fazli Rabbi1*, Muhammad Idrees2, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Zamin3 and Hazrat Bilal4

Farmers Perceptions and Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Peach (Prunus persica L.) Production and Marketing
...in the Swat valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during the last couple of years. However, these peach growers face various contraints in peach marketing. The farmers are reverting to the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to overcome marketing hurdles. This research investigates the farmers’ awareness and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) vis-à-vis the association between ICTs use and farmers’ socioecono...

Sajad Ali1*, Jangraiz Khan2, Arshadullah Jadoon3, Muhammad Riaz4 and Abid Khan1

Evaluation of Farmers Socioeconomic Characteristics Influencing Tomato Output in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...in district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A multi-stage-sampling technique and interview method were adopted for data collection. A sample of 160 tomato (Kharif) growers was drawn from 16 villages of district Peshawar. Chi-Square and Pearson Rank correlation tests were employed to find out the association and correlation between level of productivity and socio-economic characteristics of tomato growers such as education level, work involvement, famil...
Sitara Nawaz1, Shamaila Irum1, Haroon Ahmed2, Shazia Shamas1, Sadia Roshan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi4, Irfan Ullah5*, Gulnaz Parveen3*
... observed that as the number of sandflies increased, the number of patients with Leishmaniasis increased, and as the number of sand flies decreased, the number of patients decreased. The most affected age group was 1-10 years. The disease was more prevalent in males (57.26) as compared to females (42.74) because males had more travel history and they com...
Zarish Yaqoob1, Saleema Bashir Shams2, Gaitee Joshua2 and Bibi Nazia Murtaza2,3*
...ing a decrease in the number of species in Ravi. The results have shown that the water of Ravi is unsafe for aquatic life and irrigation. Metal concentration in the fish meat is higher than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) parameters indicating a serious health threat to both, the fish and human population.
...

Muhammad Riaz1*, Naureen Akhtar1, Salik Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Shakeel1,2 and Ateeq Tahir1

Neocosmospora rubicola: An Unrecorded Pathogen from Pakistan Causing Potato Stem Rot
...tify;">Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the important staple crops over the world. Potato crop is threatening by a number of biotic stresses which not only affect plant health and yield but also the quality of the produce. Among biotic diseases, fungal stem and tuber rot are the most common diseases that cause significant loss in potato production in Punjab province, Pakistan. Neocosmo...

Saba Iqbal1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Hafiz Muhammad Nasrullah1, Asmat Ullah1 and Hafiz Muhammad Akram2

Response of Cotton to Application of Organic and Inorganic Source of Nutrients in Semi-Arid Climate
...plants (121 cm), more number of sympodial branches (19.9), more number of bolls per plant (26), higher boll weight (3.6 g), higher seed cotton yield (1792 kg ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) (1.8:1) followed by the treatment where 30 kg urea ha-1 was applied in combination with 8 t ha-1 slurry. In conclusion, combined application of urea and FYM @ 30 kg ha-1 and 8 t ha-1, respectively could be the economical approach to at...

Shahrukh Khalid* and Athar Mahboob**

A SURVEY ON AUTO-CONFIGURATION MECHANISMS FOR MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS (MANETS)
...bsp;research. A large number of mechanisms have been proposed for configuring MANET nodes. This paper presents a survey of latest and primitive auto-configuration mechanisms for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs).
...

Mehreen Ijaz

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF MULTIFILAMENT SILK AND VICRYL SUTURES USED IN SURGERY
... suture made with silk fiber had better tensile strength as compared to the vicryl in both straight and knot pull type.

...

Behram Khan1, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Said Qasim3, Atta-ur Rahman4

ANALYSIS OF HUMAN PERCEPTIONS AND ADAPTATIONS TO FLASH FLOODS IN KHYBER AGENCY, FATA
...ating flash floods in Khyber Agency, FATA. The study is mainly based on both primary data sources including field observations, structured questionnaire survey and focus group discussions supported by secondary data sources. Three hundred adult residents in five sample villages along Chora River and its tributaries were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire which covered approximately 20% of the total households. Respondents’ perceptions were i...

 Uzma Nawaz1*, Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1

TECHNO-ECONOMICS OF UPS SYSTEM AS BACKUP POWER SOURCE DURING LOAD SHEDDING
...ry increases with the number of cycles the battery undergoes. The work will form a platform for conducting studies related to UPS, for setting standards, policy and the areas where improvement is needed.

...

 Majid Ashraf, Mohammad Haseeb Zafar, Tariqullah Jan

EFFICIENT ROUTING SCHEME FOR UNIDIRECTIONAL LINKS IN MULTI-HOP NETWORKS
...s even though a large number of unidirectional links are present in the network. The results depict that the routing scheme is able to reduce the delay and routing overhead compared with the already available routing scheme like AODV and AODV-Blacklist. The performance of proposed routing scheme called Active Reverse Route (ARR) scheme is compared with AODV and AODV-Blacklist routing protocols in Multi-hop networks. The performance analysis...

 Nisar Mohammad1, Mohammad Mansoor Khan1

RECOVERY OF TALC FROM TALC- CARBONATE SCHIST OF SWAT EMERALD MINES, NWFP, PAKISTAN
...to 65% and possible to liberate at grind size of 45 microns. Flotation test results revealed that talc upgraded to 85% with 80% recovery using frother as a process aid whereas, upgradation using gravity separation was 82%. The flotation concentrate on leaching further improved and the level of impurities reduced from15 to 8 %.
...

 Asad Naeem Shah1,2, GE Yun-shan1, HE Chao1,3

MACROSCOPIC SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL AND BIODIESEL-DIESEL BLEND: AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON
...ir in the combustion chamber. It was found that the injection pressure, spray tip penetration and cone angle of the fuels increased with the increase in injection duration. Furthermore, the injection pressure of B20 was higher than that of diesel because of its higher incompressibility, which increased the droplet momentum and tip penetration. The ambient pressure displayed a stronger impact on ‘L’ and ‘β’ of th...

Adnan Tariq,1 Iftikhar Hussain,2 Abdul Ghafoor,3 Sahar Noor2

AN EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM FOR JOB-SHOP SCHEDULING
...op that consists of m number of machines and n number of jobs. This approach is actually a combination of a Local Search Heuristic (LSH) with standard GA and optimizes the value of makespan. Computational experience, that includes some case studies and a number of problems from literature, shows that the LSH has the tendency to minimize the makespan value and help the a...
Samet Hasan Abaci1,*, Hasan Onder1, Mustafa Sahin2 and Esra Yavuz3
... optimal position and number of knots in cubic spline regression used for modeling lactation curves. Knots were taken as 60, 90, 120 and 150 days and combinations of them for every breed. To compare the Mean Square Errors (MSE) of the models, the autocorrelation values of Durbin Watson (DW), the information criteria of Akaike (AIC) and the coefficient of determination (R2) were used as comparison criteria. Kruskal Wallis H test was used to compare c...

Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1,2*, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar3*, Muhammad Shoaib4, Wangyuan Yao3, Muhammad Asif5, Shah Nawaz6, Moazam Ali7 and Ayesha Kanwal8

Exploratory Study on the Psychological Impact of COVD-19 on Students
...ed about their family members (p=0.00). Under this influence they have increased the frequency of handwashing and use masks when they have to go outside. More than half of the students (53.09%) were afraid of the COVID-19 and similar pattern was noted about depression (54.86%). About 57.5% students were willing to take part in online classes, and only 23% found to have some sort of online learning experience. Students were willing to join the volunteer force (...

Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1,2*, Mohammad Tufazzal Hussan3, Md. Abul Hashem2,4, Mohammad Eliyas5 and A.K.M. Mostafa Anower1

Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Infection: An Emerging Threat to Cattle Health in Bangladesh
...s of the world. In September 15, 2019 the first occurrence of LSD outbreak in Bangladesh has been reported to the OIE (World Organization for Animal Health). LSD is a vector-borne disease, and climatic conditions of Bangladesh are favorable for the propagation of vectors, which should influence the rapid transmission of LSD in the cattle population of Bangladesh. Therefore, LSD may appear as a big challenge to cattle health in Bangladesh in the near future. Co...

Mehwish Liaquat1*, Arshad Mahmood Malik1, Muhammad Ishaq1, Hafiz Muhammad Qasim Ashraf2 and Ismara Naseem

...ent tomato varieties (Berberana F1, Lezaforta F1, Elipida F1, Premium Ruby and Cherry Tomato) were used for the experiment. Growth related parameters such as shoot length, root length; stem diameter and number of leaves were observed at 30 days aged seedlings in coco peat media. The experiment was executed according to completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on th...

Javed Iqbal1, Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Adnan Bashir1, Wardah Muzaffer2, Naeem Faisal1, Muhammad Tahir Latif1 and Sami Ullah1

...erent sowing dates (November 01, November 15, November 30 and December 15). Yield and related traits of all varieties were decreased by delayed sowing. Early sown crop (November 01) had maximum emergence which decreased gradually with delayed sowing. Tillers m-2, grain weight, grains per spike and yield of all varietie...

Sikander Hiyat1, Nazim Hussain1, Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani2*, Muhammad Nasir Abbas2, Smana Raza3, Javed Shabbir Dar4 and Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir5 

...tative (plant height, number of monopodial and sympodial branches, no. of nodes plant-1) and reproductive growth and yield (no. of flowers plant-1, no. of square plant-1, no. of open and un-open bolls plant-1, seed cotton yield and cotton seed yield) parameters were recorded. The results revealed that exogenous application of mepiquat chloride @ 0.61 L ha-1, significantly reduced plant height as compared to control treatment. However, it did not reduce all oth...
Sinan Uzundumlu1, Yesim Buyukates1,*, Murat Yigit2, Musa Bulut2,  Rıdvan Kaan Gurses1 and Barbaros Celikkol3
...tween May 2014 and September 2014 in the study area. The observed results were compared with acceptable limits pronounced in international organizations such as EPA and FAO, and national organizations such as WPCR and RTMAF as well as the previous studies conducted in the region. According to the results, a decrease in dissolved oxygen and pH was observed at the farm while increases in inorganic nutrients except for ammonia were recorded. TSS values showed sig...

Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal1*, Ijaz Ahmad2, Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra3, Abu Baker Ijaz4, Zahid Hassan Tarar5, Muhammad Ansar6, Umer Iqbal7, Tayyaba Naz4, Bilquees Fatima8, Muhammad Akram9, Allah Wasaya10, Asif Iqbal11, Shakeel Ahmed Anwar12, Khalid Saif Ullah Khan13, Azeem Khalid14, Asif Aziz15 and Rashid Mehmood16 

...eld by reducing grain number and their size. Spray of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), salicylic acid (SA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) may induce heat stress tolerance. Spray of SA, AsA, and H2O2 increased chlorophyll, relative water and nutrient contents, membrane stability index (MSI) and antioxidants activities in heat stress. Moreover, foliar application of chemicals during normal and late planting improved the grain yield by increasing both the grain num
Guang-Hui Tan, Yi-Yu Zhang*, Yuan-Yu Qin, Lei Wu and Jie-Zhang Li
... deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of CDS 216 A>G and CDS 681 T>A was 0.372 and 0.269, respectively, and both belonged to medium levels of genetic diversity. Association analysis revealed that two SNPs were significant association with at least four of seven lipid indexes. Allele A of CDS 216 A>G locus and allele T of CDS 681 T>A locus was favorable to improving meat quality, re...

Zakeer Ahmed Khan Abbasi* and Allah Nawaz 

...tor in the context of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. Pakistan’s agriculture is vulnerable to the cataclysmic transformations in the climate system; causing productivity loss, soil degradation, water scarcity, resource depletion etc. Climate change awareness empowers the farming communities to take appropriate measures to mitigate the negative consequences of this phenomenon but the responses are not necessarily identical in scale an...

Haiyan Yang1, Hongxia Liu1, Wenlong Wu1*, Weilin Li2 and Lianfei Lyu

... present study, the blackberry cultivar ‘Hull Thornless’ was chosen for drought stress analysis. All plants were grown in pots under greenhouse conditions, and were subjected to 20-day drought stress by withholding irrigation, followed by re-watering for 5 days. The changes in leaf water content (LWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, protein, soluble sugar, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorb...
Roni Koneri1*, Meis Nangoy2 and Pience V. Maabuat1
... family with the most number of species and individuals being found. Th especies with the highest abundance was Orthetrum pruinosum, followed by Libellago xanthocyana. The highest dragonfly species abundance was found in the plantation land, while the lowest was found in the primary forest or around the waterfall. The highest dragonfly richness index, species diversity index (H’), and species evenness index were found in the secondary fores...
Faruk Çolak1 and Ferhat Matur2,3,*
...different fundamental number variations within cytotypes. We observed temporal variation in seismic signals, but did not found any difference in signalling between the sexes, suggesting the signals are not used for mate recognition. In addition, the signalling structure was not associated with the climate and the soil types of the habitat of origin. We suggest that seismic communication by drumming may be used to recognize conspecifics within the same cytotype...
Magbolah Salem Helal Alzahrani
...mall;">Chamomile is a member of the Asteraceae family and has been well established as a medicinal plant. There are many different species of chamomile, the two most common being German chamomile (Marticaria chamomilla) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). The use of chamomile has been associated with calming and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant’s healing properties come from its flowers, which contain volatile oils inclu...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2, Irshad Ahmad3, Kashif Prince1*, Ghazunfar Rashid1, Mahboob Ali1, Imdad Ullah Khan4Asad Ullah5, Naimat Ullah4, Muhammad Shoaib2 and Said Sajjad Ali Shah2
...khi breed of sheep in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Study was conducted on 184 sheep suspected of having enterotoxemia and 107 sheep were identified to be infected with Clostridium perfringens. Genotypic Analysis of all isolates from infected sheep was performed. Results showed, 53.27% isolates showed infection of CP type A, 10.28% of type B and 36.44% of type D. Animal infected with different serotypes (A, B, and C) were categorized into two gro...

Olga Mikhailovna Blinnikova1*, Vadim Anatolyevich Babushkin1, Lyudmila Gennadievna Eliseeva2 and Galina Severyanovna Usova3

Modeling a Formulation and Assessment of the Consumer Properties of the Special Purpose Starch Drink
...egion’s) fruit and berry’s by collagen and natural physiologically active agents. At the same time the new types of drinking kissel useful to health, in assortment are which confirms the feasibility of updating the range due to enriched drinking kissels. Drinking of one glass of kissel covers the body daily need for ascorbic acid for 211.5%, P-active agents for 226.9%, including catechins for 82.6%, and for 200% in collagen. The benefit of the drin...
Waqar Majeed1, Naureen Rana1, Elmo Borges de Azevedo Koch2* and Shahla Nargis1
...cted from two fields, number of the order Diptera was most diverse followed by those of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Araneae and Neuroptera. The number of arthropod species differed between localities and between the studied seasons. The arthropod composition varied significantly according to the sampled sites and according to the seasons studied. Temperature was positively correlated to diver...
Mah Jabeen and Amjad Farooq*
...eason starting from December 10 of each cropping period. The population of aphids was recorded to be higher on B. napus and B. juncea as compared to B. compestris and B. rapa on most of the dates of observation. Non-significant difference was found to exist among years regarding the population of aphids on Brassica species. The population of aphids showed significant difference among years for B. napus whereas B. ju...
Kui Li1, Lijun Li1, Jialun Fu2, Yi He2, Zhaohui Song2, Shuiping Zhou2Luobu Gesang1* and Rui Liu2*
... To this end, a total number of 58 healthy low-altitude inhabitants residing in Beijing were randomized to two treatment sequences, receiving either 270mg CDDPs or placebo during an 11-day trip in Tibet, China, at an altitude of more than 3000 m. The Lake Louise Scoring System (LLSS) was also utilized to access AMS incidence and severity, twice a day, during the research period. AMS was further diagnosed when headaches and LLSS≥ 3 were present. A total of 5...

Murtaza1, Syed Attaullah Shah1*, Shahid Ali1, Amjad Ali1 and Asia Baig2

Economic Analysis of Maize Production in Central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...efficiency in central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Stochastic Frontier analyses were conducted over primary data, collected from randomly selected 119 maize growers. Profitability analysis confirmed high net-return for hybrid maize as compared to local maize crop. The estimated Stochastic Frontier Model-1 showed that maize yield is positively affected by hybrid seed cultivation, irrigation, organic and inorganic fertilizers application. The model predicted me...
Zhi Yijin, Shao Mingqin* and Li Quanjiang
...t-size: small;">From October to December 2018, and March to May of 2019, habitat, water depth utilization and niche separation of wading birds in Poyang Lake, China, was assessed. A total of 38 bird species, including 4 class I and 3 class II Chinese nationally protected bird species were identified. Of six habitats, 64% (15,435 individuals) of the total number of wading birds counted occu...
He Wenyun, Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*
...uary to March 2017, November 2017 to March 2018 and November 2018 to March 2019 we used the point count method to survey the sex ratio, habitat selection and foraging behavior of Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) in water systems (Raohe River, Ganjiang River and Xiuhe River) of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, China. We recorded 162 individuals and determined 141 by gender: the sex ratio was 1.07. There was no significan...
Fei Wang1, Xianlai Zhang1, Youbao Zhong2, Xiaoen Tang3, Xiaofen Hu1
ShanShan Yang1, Shengwei Zhong1, Zuohong Zhou1, Jin Liu1, Xu Yuan1 
and Yong Li1*
...ways contain VIP nerve fibers with deep staining. Unexpectedly, the results of RT-qPCR showed that the expression level is consistent with that of immunohistochemical detection. It is indicated VIP probably participate in the functional regulation of pigeon intestine as a key role and mediate the neuroendocrine and mucosal immune system as an information molecule due to the high expression of VIP. It will provide the basis for clarifying the biological functio...
Zengwen Huang1,2, WuReliHazi Hazihan2*, Baheti Bodai2, Kadyken Rizabek3, Nuralieva Ulzhan3, Omarova Karlygash4, Juan Zhang1 and Yaling Gu1*
...I database (accession number KP-113678.1). The INHα gene from YM sheep is 1109 bp long and translates to approximately 40 KDa protein. Q-PCR analysis showed that the plasmid pGenesil 10-3p-siRNA could interfere with the expression of INHα in granulosa cells to an efficiency of 83%, which was also confirmed through western Blot assay.This study successfully constructed the eukaryotic expression plasmid pGenesil 10-3p-siRNA, and confirmed that the pl...
Huma Abbas1*, Nazir Javed1,Muhammad Kamran2, Sajid Aleem Khan1Hira Abbas3, Ehetisham-ul-Haq2, Abdul Jabbar1, Mehwish Naz1 and Ihsan Ullah4
...treated root portion. Number of egg masses was reduced significantly in Cure and Azadirachtin in treated (45.7, 58.2) as well untreated root portion (93.7, 80.7) respectively. In soil drench treatment, a significant higher reduction in the nematode reproduction parameters was observed in all the chemicals as compared to root dip method. Efficacy of all the chemicals was also tested in microplots already infested with nematode. Significant suppression in nemato...

Arifa Khan1*, Danish Anwar2, Shazia Erum3, Naveeda Riaz1, Shahid Riaz4, Tariq Rafique3 and Zafer Iqbal2

Screening of Exotic Potato Germplasm against Potato Virus PVX, PVY and PLRV through Biological and Serological Test (ELISA)
...ts regarding yield and tuber external quality showed that CIP-30 was taller genotype with medium number of tubers and shoots plant-1 while CIP-5 was a dwarf genotype with minimum tuber yield. Genotype CIP-6 produced more number of tuber plant-1 but CIP-22 followed by CIP-10 produced ...

Shahzad Malik* and Ayesha Khan

Gap Analysis of Farmers’ Capacity Building by Public and Private Agriculture Extension Sectors in Central Plain Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... in central valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to evaluate the capacity building of farmers by public and private agriculture extension sectors. Three districts namely Peshawar, Mardan and Charsadda were selected purposively. In order to carry out the research, in the three districts of Peshawar, Mardan and Charsadda one tehsil was selected from each district i.e. Town-4 from Peshawar, Takhtbhai from Mardan and tehsil Charsadda from district Charsadda. Sample size f...
Zubair Ahmad1, 2, 4, Hamed A. Ghramh1, 2, 3,Khalid Ali Khan1, 2, 3*, Farhat Khan4 and Shujauddin5
... warning to the other members for searching the invader.
...
Aamir Khan1, Rabia Noushin2, Mohammad Attaullah3, Shahid Naiz Khan1, Rafiqe Hussain4, Farman Ullah Dawar1, Faiz Ur Rehman1, Muhammad Ijaz1 and Kalim Ullah1*
...ic cattle of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Blood samples (1500) were collected from clinically suspected cattle in span of one year. All blood samples were examined through microscope. Overall incidence of babesiosis was 54.80%.B. bovesshowed high prevalence (35.46%) than B. bigemina (19.33%). Females were more prone as compared to male cattle for both B. bovesandB. bigemina. Cattle having age less than two years showed high p...

Israr Yasin1, Ismail Qureshi1*, Shahjahn Qaimkhani1, Gulam Mustafa Solangi3, Ismail Qaimkhani1, Ismail Brohi1 and Abdul Ahad Soomro2

A Perspective on Household Dairy Farming in District Naushahro Feroze, Sindh, Pakistan
...ed buffaloes. Average number of buffaloes was estimated at 4.28 while 376 (63%) of the household reported cattle with average number of 4.38 heads per household. Small numbers of buffalo and cattle bulls were recorded. Average number of 5.55 goats per households was reported by 35% of all the households. On an overall basis, 2,365 liters of buffalo milk ...

Abid Khan*, Mukhtar Alam, Yousaf Jamal and Hidayat Ullah

Appraisal of Yield and Yield Components of Wheat with Integrated Management of Nitrogen Sources
...search Station Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2015-16 and 2016-17. Experiments were laid out using RCBD with 3 replications. Winter wheat variety Pirsabak-2015, as a test crop, was sown on 12th November at same piece of land following same randomized layout each year. Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and Poultry Manure (PM) were used as organic while Urea as inorganic sources of nitrogen. Treatments were N1 (Control), N2 (...

Talib Hussain Solangi1, Bhai Khan Solangi1*, Muhammad Saleem Sarki2, Muhammad Akbar Lashari1, Mubeena Pathan3, Velo Suthar4, Barkatullah Qureshi4, Mitha Khan6, Razzak Amin Shah5 and Aeman Afzal6

Varietal Preference of Sucking Insect Pests on Mustard Varieties, Sindh, Pakistan
...was started on 18th December 2017 and lasted on 05th March 2018. Weekly record of the insect pests (whitefly, thrips, jassid and aphid) infestation on mustard crop varieties was maintained. The population of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.), thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.), jassid (Amrasca devastans Dist.) and aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) varied significantly among varieties (P<0.05), observation dates (P<0.01) as well as varieties × observation date...
Safina Naz1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Bushra Siddique3, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4 and Abdur Rehman5 
 
Exogenous Application of Selected Antioxidants and Phyto Development Directors Influenced the Development, Output and Biochemical Attributes of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)
...control. Greater leaf number per plant was obtained with application of GA3(100 ppm). This was followed by salicylic acid (200 ppm). Leaf number was significantly lesser in the plants grown in control. Significantly greater fruit count /plant, length of fruit including sole fruit freshness and dry mass were recorded with GA3(100 parts/million) and salicylic acid (200 ppm) provision and lower values for these parameters were ...
Chao Zhao1,2, Sigang Fana2 and Lihua Qiua2,3,*
...centration and vibrio numbers (before mysis stage) were considerably higher than those in other ponds (P < 0.05), indicating that nitrite and vibrios influenced P. monodon survival during larva culture. Nitrite and nitrate concentrations increased from day 6, and increased dramatically by day 12. Total ammonia concentration increased continuously from day 1 to 15. Heterotrophic bacteria increased slowly in the nauplii and zoea stages, grew rap...

Muhammad Shakeel1*, Mudussar Nawaz1, Zahid Naseer1, Muhammad Fiaz1, Asghar Khan1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Awais Ur Rehman1, Ahmad Yar Qamar2 and Ali Raza3

Caprine and Ovine Serological Evidence of Brucellosis in Five Districts of Punjab, Pakistan
...y greater (P<0.05) number of animals had previous history of abortion when tested either by RBPT or SAT. In conclusion, the current data provide baseline information about prevalence of brucellosis in different sheep and goat breeds in five districts of Punjab Pakistan.

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Murtaza, Shahid Ali*, Syed Attaullah Shah, Mehran Ahmad, Irfan Ullah and Jahangir Khan
Adoption of Hybrid Maize Technology in District Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...in district Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample of 255 respondents in the study area was randomly chosen using a multistage random sampling technique. The logit model was used to measure the probability of adoption of hybrid maize technology. The estimated results of the model revealed that younger farmers were comparatively more adoptive of the hybrid maize technology. Education level, number of adult males inv...
Arif Alam1*, Faridullah2, Ikram Shah1, Shahzad Khan3, Noor Elahi1 and Ehsan Inamullah1
Estimation of Farm Level Technical Efficiency in Maize Production at the High Mountain North Region of Pakistan
...low productive due to number of factors. Therefore, the present study was aimed to know the opportunities of productivity due to improving the technical efficiency of maize crop, and to determine the factors which influence maize production in high mountains of Pakistan. For this purpose, initially two villages one from District Nagar and other from District Hunza were selected with an aggregate sample of 112 maize crop growers. Both primary and secondary data...

Amit Sharma1* and Pankaj Sood2

Sonographic Assessment of Ovarian Follicular Dynamics during Breeding and Non-Breeding Season in Gaddi Goats
...ence of three to five numbers of follicular waves in both seasons. Significantly higher (P<0.01) number of follicular waves (4.0±0.21 versus 3.18±0.12), number of follicles at wave emergence during second (2.85±0.26 versus 1.77±0.14; P<0.01) and third wave (2.57±0.2 versus 2.0±0.16; P<0.05), along with shorter persistence of dominant folli...

Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1, Yonis Abukar Mohamed2, Osman Sheikh Ali Jama3, Pravin Mishra4* and Mohamed Idiris Mohamed5 

Prevalence and Major Pathogens Associated with Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Benadir Region of Somalia
...camels from July to December 2019 to figure out the prevalence of both clinical and subclinical mastitis in lactating camels in the Benadir Region of Somalia and also to recognize the associated microorganisms as causal agents of mastitis. The prevalence of this study was measured by using California mastitis test (CMT). Milk samples were collected from the Deyniile District, Benadir Region of Somalia. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 16.66% (7.93% on th...

Pankaj Kumar Jha1,2*, M. Golam Shahi Alam1 and Farida Yeasmin Bari1

Pregnancy and Lambing Rate Following Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination with Two Different Types of Diluent and Frozen-thawed Sperm Dose in Ewes
...-made tris based) and number of frozen-thawed ram sperm (100 × 106 and 50 × 106 sperm dose) on pregnancy and lambing rate following laparoscopic artificial insemination (LAP-AI) in indigenous ewes in Bangladesh were studied. A total of 78 non- pregnant ewes were synchronized for oestrus with two doses of 100 μg PGF2α (Cloprostenol) 9 days apart. The ewes were randomly assigned to one of four groups; G1 (n = 18; commercial Triladyl®/ 10...

Paul Oludare Adetunji* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola

Comparative Productive Performance among three Plumage Varieties of Noiler Hens
... were collected on the pubertal parameters (age at first egg and crouching behaviour) from 16-22 weeks of age; egg production performance indices (egg weight, hen day egg production-HDEP, feed efficiency-FE/dozen eggs and persistency of lay) from 19-52 weeks of age. Additionally, sexual ornaments’ morphometry (Comb Length-CL, Comb Height-CH, Wattle Length-WL, Wattle Height-WH and Inter Pubic Distance-IPD) was determined from 16-24 weeks of age. Data on p...

Malik Gul Hassan Awan, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz, Muhammad Ansar, Adeel Anwar, Umber Abbasi and Hashmat Mahmood

Influence of Foliar Application of Mineral Nutrients on Biological Nitrogen Fixation of Rainfed Soybean
... of nutrients. Nodule numbers increased from 0.12 plant-1 without nutrients spray to 0.99 plant-1 with nutrients spray. Number of pods increased 7.5 % to 45% with foliar application of nutrients. The highest number of pods (74 per plant) was recorded for Ajmeri-1 with foliar application spray. Increase in biomass yield with foliar application of nutrients was 18 % to 112%. The highest biom...
Tabassum Yaseen1*, Shehzad Ahmad1, Khushnood Ur Rehman2, Fayaz Asad1, Abdul Waheed1, Rani Gul3, Hussain Gulab4 and Naveed Akhtar2
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Spore Density and Root Colonization in Weeds of Carrot field at Charsadda, Pakistan
...s indica having spore number 276 which is followed by Malva neglecta and Sonchus asper having spore number 244, 214 respectively. The lowest spore density was recorded in Pao annua having spore number 35. The maximum Glomus density was found in Melilotus indica having mean value (83.67±1.65) whereas the maximum spore density was recorded for Acaulospora and Sclerocystis in the rhizo...

Rao Wali Muhammad1, Hafiz Muhammad Wasif Ali2*, Amir Hamza1, Muhammad Qadir Ahmad2, Abdul Qayyum2, Waqas Malik2 and Etrat Noor2

Estimation of Different Genetic Parameters in Various Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes under Field Condition
...ween 11.99-27.21% for number of primary branches per plant and yield per plant, respectively. However, coefficient of variance ranged between 2.67-19.31% for days to maturity and number of primary branches per plant. High broad sense heritability magnitudes predicted that studied parameters were under influence of additive genetic effects and less affected by environment. Thus, direct selection of accessions on basis of stud...

Rabab Rafaqat1, Habib Ahmed Rathore1, Tariq Masud2, Imran Hayat1* and Imtiaz Hussain1

Determination of Different Chemical Constituents of Fruit, Leaves and Oil of Olea cuspidata (Wild Olive) Grown at Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
...value, saponification number and unsaponifiable matter. Results indicated that fruit and leaves of wild olive grown at Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir had moisture content (48.33±1.6 and 53.33±1.4 %), crude fiber (4.40±0.3 and 10.0±0.9 %), crude protein (0.80±0.02 and 8.20±0.80 %), total oil (34.43±1.1 and 1.00±0.6 %), ash content (1.71±0.2 and 5.33±0.8%)...

Iram Sharif1*, Amna Nazir1, Eram Shahzadi2, Shahid Munir Chohan3 and Ghulam Sarwar4

Influence of Sowing Dates on Cotton Growth (Gossypium hirsutum), Yield and Fiber Quality
..., yield parameters and fiber quality of cotton and genotypic assessment in two sowing dates. The set of six genotypes was sown in two different dates viz., 10th April and 10th May in split plot design with three replications by allotting sowing dates in main plot and varieties in sub-plots. The results indicated that crop sown on 10th April produced more seed cotton yield (2881.1 kg ha-1) than sown on 10th May with (2212.9 kg ha-1). Comparing the average varie...

Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas1, Farrukh Ilahi1 and Muhammad Asif1

Fiber Quality Studies with Respect to Different Cotton Insect Pests using Multivariate Analysis
...ect pests on different fiber quality traits. The ANOVA results depicted considerable variation in almost all traits. Fiber length was greatly influenced by the population of thrips, jassid, whitefly, pink bollworm and dusky cotton bug. Fiber fineness was influenced by the population of jassid, pink bollworm and dusky cotton bug while fiber strength was s...

Shahid Nadeem1*, Taj Naseeb Khan1, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Adnan Younis2 and Iram Fatima3

Influence of Plant Growth Regulators by Foliar Application on Vegetative and Floral physiognomies of Gladiolus
... growth hormones i.e. gibberellic acid (GA3) and salicylic acid (SA). The results revealed that the application of GA3 and SA had significant influence on vegetative as well as floral traits of gladiolus. The maximum numbers of days (7.90) for the sprouting of gladiolus corms were counted with 1mM of SA similarly maximum plant height (93.60cm) and maximum numbers of leaves (9.86) were obse...

Tahseen Ullah* and Noor ul Amin

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts
...ts, Silybum marianum, Berberus lycium, Peganum harmala and Curcuma longa and standard antibiotic tetracycline was carried out in the biosafety level 3 Microbiology Lab, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK. Two different concentrations (low, 5 mg/ml and high extracts, 300 mg/ml) of these plants were evaluate against two different bacterial strains i.e. Bacillus subtilis and E. coli using disc diffusion method to uncover antibacterial ...

Qurrat ul Ain Akbar*, Saqib Arif, Shahid Yousaf, Salman Khurshid and Najmus Sahar

Effects of Flour Particle Size on Farinographic Properties of Wheat Dough
...itional flat bread and fiber enriched items.

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Muhammad Zamin1*, Anees Muhammad1, Ibadullah Jan1, Hidayat Ullah1, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin3 and Haroon Ur Rashid4

Production of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) as Affected by Bulb Size and Planting Medium
..."text-align: justify;">Tuberose is an important element of a landscape garden. It is placed among top ten cut flowers in floriculture industry. Quality production of cut flowers for market depends upon bulb size and growing medium. To investigate the best type of planting medium and suitable bulb size for commercial production of tuberose, an experiment was conducted in the Horticulture Nursery, University of Swabi, Pakistan...

Muhammad Zamin1*, Anees Muhammad1, Ibadullah Jan1, Hidayat Ullah1, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin3 and Haroon Ur Rashid4

Production of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) as Affected by Bulb Size and Planting Medium
..."text-align: justify;">Tuberose is an important element of a landscape garden. It is placed among top ten cut flowers in floriculture industry. Quality production of cut flowers for market depends upon bulb size and growing medium. To investigate the best type of planting medium and suitable bulb size for commercial production of tuberose, an experiment was conducted in the Horticulture Nursery, University of Swabi, Pakistan...

Moazam Ali1, Wajid Ali2, Ayhan Ceyhan2 and Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta3*

Pigmentation Genome Influence in Animals and Human Interventions in its Course of Action
... color pigmentation of fiber, coat, and hairs in animals. Melanin production in an intricate course is under the control of Melanocortin 1 Receptor, alpha Melanocyte stimulating hormone and Agouti signaling gene. In most animals, three different alleles encoding melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor MC1R of extension (E) locus and ED allele determining the blackish coat color, a recessive e allele represented red coat color and the E+ wild-type allele give a...
Muhammad Zahid Mengal1, Hamida Ali2, Raheela Asmat3, Muhammad Naeem1,4, Ferhat Abbas1, Abdul Samad1, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa1, Jannat Raza2 and Tauseef M. Asmat1*
...has revolutionized the tuberculosis diagnosis by simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and resistance to RIF (rifampicin), a surrogate marker for multidrug-resistant TB in less than two hours. The RIF-resistance pattern in Balochistan, Pakistan, is not documented. This study was aimed to detect RIF-resistant TB and mutations in RNA polymerase beta (rpoB) gene of M. tub...

Nadeem Abbas Shah1*, Ejaz Ashraf1, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Zaheer ud Din Mirani3, Usman Rafique1 and Raees Abbas Shah4

Assessing Perceptions of the Households-heads Regarding Food Security Status in Drought-hit Areas of District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan: A Case Study for Agricultural Extension
...ure areas and reduced number of meals eaten in a day. It is recommended that government should focus on education, employment opportunities, development of natural resources for producing food secure crops and start awareness movements among the inhabitants of Tharparkar to revitalize the status of food security in the study area.

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Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami*, Andin Muhammad Abduh, Eko Hanudin and Benito Heru Purwanto
Study on the NPK Uptake and Growth of Rice under Two different Cropping Systems with different Doses of Organic Fertilizer in the Imogiri Subdistrict, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia
...act on increasing the number of tillers, the number of productive tillers, and the number of panicles. The best fertilizer application was at a dose of 9 tons/ha-1.

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Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Subhan1, Muhammad Nisar2, Ali Hazrat2, Zahid Fazal1, Gul Rahim2, Imran Ahmad1, Riaz ul Haq1 and Shamia Bibi1

Genetic Diversity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarus L.) Collected from Different Ecological Zones of Malakand Division (A Part of the Sino Japanese Region of Pakistan)
...of Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The qualitative traits showed significant level of diversity like seed shape was determined by two alleles, seed color was defined by 13 numbers of alleles and four alleles were responsible for flower color. Similarly, the quantitative traits showed 73% diversity in the parameters studied. However, it was different in individual characters. In overall, 59% of the yield cont...

Malik Abdul Rehman1, Shafqat Ali1, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal1, Muhammad Nawaz Khan1 and Mujahid Ali2*

Efficacy of Chemicals and Botanical Extracts to Control Citrus Canker on Kinnow in Sargodha Region
...h-April and August-September. The results showed that copper oxychloride controlled the disease up to 74%, difenconazole up to 56%, whereas, among botanicals, the disease control was 74%, 64%, 59%, and 52% due to application of extract solutions of A. cepa, D. alba, Neem Oil, and A. nilotica, respectively. The application of different chemicals also significantly influenced the fruit quality regarding fruit weight, fruit size, peel thickness, and juice weight....

Zafar Ahmad Handoo1*, Mihail Radu Kantor1 and Ekramullah Khan2

Description of Seven New Species and One New Record of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes (Nematoda: Tylenchida) Associated with Economically Important Crops of Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Kashmir (Part-1 of the series)
...m the roots of Solanum tuberosum L. in Narwara, Srinagar, Kashmir represents a new record of this species from the State of Jammu and Kashmir. Morphological and morphometric details, line drawings along with description, characteristics, diagnosis and relationships of each new species with its closely related species are given.

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Yawar Iqbal Erum*, Hussain Sagir, Kazi Nasira and Fayyaz Shahina
Compendium of the Genus Psilenchus de Man, 1921 (Tylenchida: Psilenchidae)
...ory pore, spicules and gubernaculum. The allometric and morphometric characteristics were derived from the original descriptions. An updated list of valid species of Psilenchus de Man, 1921 along with illustrations of the anterior and posterior regions taken either from the original descriptions or subsequent re-descriptions is also incorporated herein. A total of seven species have so far been reported from Pakistan.

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Gulzhan Aubakirova1*, Zhanat Adilbekov2, Assylkhan Inirbayev2, Assel Zhamanova2 and Aibar Akhmetov3
...ee frogs) and a large number of gastropods in these reservoirs. We detected isolated cases of fish infection with diplostomiasis in roach from Lake Toxumac, where IR was 12.5%. This is due to the presence of gulls and pond mollusks on this lake, which are the main links in the helminth’s life cycle. We have also identified isolated cases of ligulosis in roach and crucian carp from the “DSU-58” dam, where, respectively, IR was 27 and 14.2%. Th...
Aatif Amin1,*, Zakia Latif2, Arslan Sarwar1, Basit Zeshan1 and Mushtaq A. Saleem1
Mikail Arslan1, Orhan Yilmaz2, Bahattin Cak2* and Ahmet Fatih Demirel2
... April (spring) and December (winter), respectively. Ewes were synchronized using FIS (intravaginal flourogestone sponges) for 14 days. Additionally, 600 IU eCG (equine chorionic gonadotropin) was administered intramuscularly at sponges withdrawal. Rams remained with the ewes for 3-day from the start of estrus. Estrus rate, lambing rate and litter size were 96.00, 87.50% and 1.70 lamb/doe; 92.35, 85.20 and 1.50 lamb/doe; 78.92, 58.38 and 1.43 lamb/doe for summ...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Dorcas Yilger Gotom1, Noble Allison Chiehiura1, Julius Ocheme Okojokwu1, David Ochola Amanyi2, John Otumala Egbere1, Joshua Adetunji1, Otobo Innocent Ujah3 and Onyemocho Audu4

The Seroprevalence of Zika Virus Infection among HIV Positive and HIV Negative Pregnant Women in Jos, Nigeria
...eria from August to December 2020. We enrolled a total of 90 (45 HIV positive and 45 HIV negative) pregnant women aged ≥18 and ≤50 years attending antenatal clinic. Ethical approval was obtained and approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the hospital. Detection of ZIKV IgG antibodies was done using a commercial sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to qualitatively analyze Human Zika virus IgG (ZV-IgG) in human serum. A tota...

Mushtaq Ahmad Khan*, Abdul Basir and Beena Saeed

Biochar Improves Phenological and Physiological Attributes of Wheat in Soil Amended with Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Sources
... (LAI), plant height, number of tillers and spikes m-2 when compared to control. Whereas, application of 150 kg N ha-1 as urea, FYM and PM, delayed booting, anthesis, physiological maturity in wheat and increased plant height and spikes m-2 of wheat. Similarly, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1 applied from PM, FYM and urea resulted in higher LA, LAI, tillers and spikes m-2 over control plots. Hence, application of 120 kg N ha-1 either from organic or inorganic sources al...
Abida Parveen1, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Nazir Javed1, Anam Moosa1*, Khushboo Javaid1, Hina Safdar1 and Asma Safdar2
...rol plants. The total number of infective juveniles/g root and soil, galls, egg masses, females were highest in MI treated plants while lowest in plants treated with a combination of MI + SK + aqueous MO + ethanolic MO after 60 days of inoculation. SK and MO has demonstrated significant potential to suppress MI infection. Therefore, further investigations should focus on their efficacy at field level to prevent the infection of MI.
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Sher Bahadar Khan1, Mumtaz Ali Khan2,*, Hameed Ullah Khan3, Sher Ali Khan4, Shah Fahad5, Faheem Ahmad Khan6, Irshad Ahmad7, Nighat Nawaz8, Sidra Bibi9 and Muhammad Muneeb10
... different regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and processed for isolation of campylobacter species. A total of 182 (14%) Campylobacter jejuni were isolated using enrichment and plate media followed by confirmation through multiplex PCR. Isolates were tested for 15 antibiotics using disc diffusion method followed by detection of their respective antimicrobial resistant genes. Overall prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni was 14% being higher in P...

Muhammad Nauman, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mehreen Hanif, Hafsah Ghaffar, Muhammad Shahid and Syed Haroon Masood Bokhari

Management of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) by using Microwave Oven
...h sources of proteins, fibers and minerals. This cereal crop has maximum proportion in daily basic diet of human in Pakistan. Disinfestation of wheat grains by using microwaves can be safe option than chemical control. Therefore, in this study a digital microwave oven of 50 Hz is used to determine the mortality of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) adults. Grain samples of 20 g in each petri dish were infested with both adults an...

Asif Ali Abro1* and Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar2

Impact of Various Factors on Crop Diversification Towards High Value Crops in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis by using THI
...sing fertilizers, the number of tubewells, Net Area Sown (NAS) and the production of tractors in quantity. The regression coefficients of fertilizers, number of tubewells and production of tractors showed positive and significant impact on crop diversification except Net Area Sown which showed negative impact but it was insignificant. The resource was identified with water availability (MAF) for irrigation purposes, which de...

Saeed Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Habib ur Rahman1,3*, Tanveer-ul-Haq2, Mahmood Alam Khan4 and Arshad Mahmood5

Evaluation of Different Production Systems in Combination with Foliar Sulphur Application for Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Arid Climatic Conditions of Pakistan
...(175 cm) with maximum number of leaves (32.7) recorded with the application of foliar sulphur spray (150 ppm). Similarly, sunflower produced maximum head diameter (18.0 cm), number of achenes per head (1510), 1000-achene weight (55.7 g) resulted in higher achene yield (2225 kg ha-1) including oil contents (38.7%) with foliar sulphur spray of 150 ppm. The nursery transplanted production system, however, produced the highest n...

Safiullah1, Azmat Ali Awan2, Mohammad Ilyas3, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Arshad Iqbal3*, Muhammad Adil3 and Asad Ullah1

Effects of Different Concentrations of Naphthalene Acetic Acid on Rooting of Various Olive Varieties
...t appearance (46.33), number of days to bud sprout (34.89), maximum roots cutting-1 (5.78), root length (5.36 cm), shoot length (16.66 cm), shoot diameter (0.30cm), number of leaves shoot-1 (15.78), number of branches cutting-1 (4.89) and plant survival percentage (50.36%) were noted in cuttings treated with 3000 ppm of NAA solution. Regarding interaction both varieties and NAA concentrati...

Mehnaz Safdar and Urooba Pervaiz*

Constraints in Accessing Agricultural Extension Services by Rural Women: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...tudy was conducted in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan where three districts (Bannu, Swabi and Swat) were randomly selected with the objectives to investigate the information sources of women farmers and constraints they were facing in carrying out agricultural operations, 128  women respondents from each district were randomly selected and interviewed through pre-designed interview schedule in 2018. Results indicated that 47% respondents were in middle age c...

Muhammad Tariq-Khan1*, Syed Zanib Ali Gardazi1, Abu Daud Ahmad Khan1, Muhammad Ilyas2 and Ishaq Ahmad3,4

Virulence and Distribution Trends of Root-Knot Nematode (RKN) Fauna on Summer Vegetables in District Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)
..., Eggplant, tomato, cucumber, chilies, beans and cucurbits were found most frequently cultivated vegetables in the area. RKN was found on 80 fields, with 68 out of 82 surveyed locations with 72% field incidence. Okra was found with highest field infestation with 47.3% followed by cucurbits on 20% and tomato on 17.4% while zero infestation on chilies. Species were identified based on perineal pattern morphology. M. javanica was identified as predominant species...
Wajahat Azeem1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Tooba Hamid2
...and larval mortality. Numbers of galls, egg masses and reproductive factor were reduced significantly as a result of A. indica and T. harzianum applications. The reductions in these parameters were more pronounced where both the agents were integrated and resulted to the maximum where both the agents were mixed at the highest concentrations. The reductions in galls, egg masses and reproductive factor were found inversely proportional to the conce...
Nihat Tekel1, Seyrani Koncagül2, İlkay Baritci1, Halit Deniz Şireli1, Muhittin Tutkun1, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4*

Asma Rashid Tariq1,2*, Saadia R. Tariq2, Tariq Mahmud1 and Misbah Sultan1*

Selective Capture of CO2 from Mixture of Different Gases using Cellulose Acetate, Polyimide, Polysulfone and some other Polymers based Mixed Matrix Membranes: A Review
...concern these days. A number of techniques are used for separation of CO2, methane and other hydrocarbons but mixed matrix membrane based separation is gaining significant importance day by day. A number of different polymers have been employed for the fabrication of mixed matrix membranes for example cellulose acetate, polyimides, polysulfone, pebax, polybenzimidazole, polymer of intrinsic porosity, polyurethane, chitosan a...

Malik Abdul Rehman1*, Hafiz Muhammad Ehsan2, Tehseen Ashraf2, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani3, Sajjad Khan3 and Mujahid Ali2

Effect of Growing Media on Plant Growth of Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) and Poncirus (Citrus trifoliata)
...length stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and survival percentage was recorded. Chemical analysis of leaf was done by taking samples from treatments were analyzed for determination of N, P, K. Results indicated that stem length, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and survival percentage were significant in different growing media after everyone months of transplantation. Various media i.e. peatmass+soil+sawd...

Muhammad Yaseen1*, Muhammad Luqman1*, Zahoor Hussain2, Usman Saleem3, Asif Nawaz1, Tahir Munir Butt4 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1

Assessment of Knowledge Level and Information Sources of Vegetable Growers regarding Tunnel Farming in District Sargodha
...acquired. The maximum numbers of respondents were falling in the age range of 26 to 50 years, having qualifications of matric and intermediate, growing vegetables up to 5 acres, and depicting agriculture as the main source of income. Tomato, pepper, and cucumbers were the highest grown crops in the study area. Variables of site selection, land preparation, and sowing of seeds got a quite satisfactory response. Replantation o...

Syeda Farzana Bibi* and Siraj ud Din

Unraveling the Bioherbicidal Potential, Elemental Analysis and Nutritional Evaluation of Crataeva adansonii Dc Leaf and Bark
...rates, proteins, fats, fiber, ash, and moisture. The bioherbicidal potential of the proposed plant was evaluated through the Lemna minor model of phytotoxicity. C. adansonii is a source of several essential macro and micronutrients. A nutritional value analysis of this plant offers its use as a food source. Bioherbicidal/phytotoxic activity revealed significant results in the form of dose-dependent inhibition of frond growth. Ethanolic extract of C. adansonii ...

Shahid Ahmed1,2*, Huiqing Su1, Xuqian Sun1, Peng Feng1, Yongpan Chen1, Liang Yu1, Qian Liu1 and Heng Jian1

Performance of Cereal Varieties against Cereal Cyst Nematode (Heterodera avenae)
...n annually. We tested number of cereal accessions to see the host pathogen interaction; among 15 wheat lines from Zhonnguyuan Sun (CAAS) CIMMYT Beijing and 10 lines of oats from Jilin Province were screened against H. avenae. The results showed that 5 wheat and 7 oat lines ranked as resistant genotypes while 9 wheat and 3 oat lines were ranked as moderately resistant and 1 wheat line and the local check were highly susceptible to H. avenae. These genotypes nee...
Taqiur Rahman1, Tabassum Yaseen1*, Ali Mujtaba Shah2, Samiullah3, Ghulam Jelani3, Gul Nawaz1,Qudratullah Kalwar2
Hamida Sarwar1, Kousar Perveen1,Rida Mazhar2, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Amir Gilani3
...and then conferred as numbers and percentages. A significant proportion of doctors, nurses, and paramedics reported symptoms of anxiety (38.3%), depression (58.9%), insomnia (45.2%), and distress (61.64%). Overall data collected showed that the ratio of symptoms was comparatively high among nurses than doctors. 
Samreen Khan, Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasira Kazi, Salma Javed* and Shahina Fayyaz
Description of Aphelenchoides acacia n. sp. and Aphelenchoides naurangiensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) with Observation on Aphelenchoides saprophilus Franklin, 1957 from District Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ar (Acacia nilotica L.), ber (Ziziphus muritiana L.) and paper flower (Bougainvillea spectabilis L.) and Aphelenchoides naurangiensis n. sp. recovered from soil samples of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), thoroughly described and illustrated from District Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The new species namely Aphelenchoides acacia n. sp. belongs to the Group 2 of Aphelenchoides Species Sensu Shahina is characterized...
Ayesha Talib1,2, Khanzadi Nazneen Manzoor1, Wajahat Ali1, Maria Saeed1, Muhammad Asif Gondal1, Malik Badshah3 and Abid Ali Khan1*
...>Resistance towards a number of antibiotics in a variety of microorganisms is expanding at an alarming pace. There is a dire need to devise novel tactics to deal with these minute yet evolving ever clever microscopic entities. One of the possible ways to fight them is through nanoparticles. Green synthesis is an easy way to synthesize nanoparticles by using biological resources as it is cost effective, eco-friendly and large-scale production possibilities exis...
Neelam Pery1*, Fatima Ijaz1, Nayab Batool Rizvi1, Munawar Ali Munawar1 and Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq2*
...ne kinase regulates a number of T-cell and B-cell mediated signaling pathways ranging from cytokine expression and antibody production to the bone resorption and cartilage destruction. We propose a dual trap to control this pathogenesis in the form of dual JAK3/BTK inhibitor. Using the computer-aided drug designing techniques, we developed dual JAK3 and BTK inhibitors based on quinoxaline derivatives which show appreciable dual inhibition in enzyme assays. To ...

Shazia Rasheed1*, Javed Mustaquim2 and Khalil Hasni1

...ectively. The minimum number of eggs was 1, 72, 963 in a crab of 84 mm short carapace width whereas maximum number of eggs was found to be 11, 27,796 in a crab of 135 mm short carapace width. The average fecundity was 523773 ± 279204 (S.D) for a berried crab with a mean short carapace width of 98.53± 18.05 mm.
...
Jian Yang1, Guangxiang Tong2, Zhipeng Sun2, Xianhu Zheng2, Weihua Lv2, Dingchen Cao2, Xiaowen Sun2 and Youyi Kuang2*
...analyses of the muscle fiber showed that there were no significant differences in muscle fiber density between imbs mutant and WT zebrafish, and no significant differences between anterior and posterior part to the dorsal fin at the same developmental stages. In WT and mutants, the density of muscle fiber declined gradually over time. In conclusion, the lack of intermuscular-bones has no i...

Faiqah Ramzan1,2,*, Irfan Zia Qureshi2 and Muhammad Haris Ramzan3

...out in 05 weeks old prepubertal male Sprague Dawley rats, twice daily for 12 days, at three different dosage regimens: 10ρg, 1ηg and 1µg compared to control (saline-treated) rats. Effects on pituitary gonadotropins [Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)], secretion of testosterone and spermatogenesis were evaluated on alternate day for one spermatogenic cycle. Major techniques applied were; radioimmunoassay, light micros...

Turgay Şişman1,*, Muhammet Çağrı Keskin1, Hatice Dane1, Şeymanur Adil1, Fatime Geyikoğlu1, Suat Çolak2 and Esra Canpolat1

...n. An increase in the number and widening of melanomacrophage centers were also noted for liver, in parallel with hepatocyte degeneration and heterogenic vascular construction originating from congestion, deformation and dilatation. In kidney, degeneration, congestion, dilatation, and necrosis in proximal and distal tubules were recorded; moreover, expansions of Bowman’s space, infiltrations of lymphocytes, and glomerulonephritis were observed. Also, the...
Faryal Saad1,3, Zia Ur Rahman2, Aamir Khan3, Rabia Noushin4, Irfan Ullah5, Farman Ullah Dawar3,Shahid Naiz Khan3, Rafiqe Hussain6, Kenza Javed2Abid ur Rehman7, Amna Fayaz3, Zohra Saifullah3 and Kalim Ullah3*
... Sothern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, making the situation more worst. Therefore, this preliminary study was set to assess the seroprevalence and molecular detection of CMV infection among pregnant women of districts Lakki Marwat and Bannu of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A total of 188 blood samples were randomly collected from pregnant women of both districts and were examined through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorrbent Assay (ELISA) a...
Feng Xu1,2,3*, Weikang Yang1,2,3*, Ming Ma1,2,3 and David A. Blank4
...traits of species and numbers of others factors were thought to have significant impacts on vigilance. Here, in this study we considered only three of them: group size, disturbance, and predation vulnerability and their impact on the vigilance of the Demoiselle crane (Antropoides virgo). Our results showed that group size, human disturbance, and predation vulnerability significantly affect Demoiselle crane’s vigilance. With increasing of group siz...
Mushtaq Ahamd Khan1, Ziaul Islam2, *, Amin Ullah Jan3, Kamran Khan2 and Abdullah Shah3
...ring age women in Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan. A cross sectional study was conducted and data regarding risk factors were recorded through questionnaire. A total of 405 women of child bearing age were serologically tested for T. gondii antibodies through immuno-chromatographic technique using strips (CTK, USA) and Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunossorbant Assay (i-ELISA). The study revealed that overall 57.28% sero-prevalence was recorded in women of ...
Tafail Akbar Mughal1, Shaukat Ali1*, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1, Shumaila Mumtaz1, Samaira Mumtaz1, Ali Hassan1 and Syed Akif Raza Kazmi2
...aqueous extract of Berberis lycium Royleroot bark on lipid profiles of Swiss albino mice in which diabetic phenotype was induced by alloxan. A single injection of Alloxan (150 mg/kg) was applied intravenously to induce diabetic phenotype. Alloxan induction raised the overall level of triglycerides, low density- lipids (LDLs), and cholesterol and reduced the level of high density lipids (HDLs). Oral administration of 200 mg/kg aqueous extract of B. ly...

Agustine Christela Melviana1, Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Maizirwan Mel3, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani4 and Juris Burlakovs5

Gene Expression Related to Steviol Glycoside Synthesis Produced in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Shoot Culture Induced with High Far-Red LED Light in TIS RITA® Bioreactor System
...erties, hence a large number of plant source is required to supply the industry. To overcome the hindrances in the propagation of Stevia plants using in vivo methods, an alternative technique of propagation using in vitro methods is needed. The micropropagation method with the RITA® (Recipient for Automated Temporary Immersion System) is used in the production of a large amount of stevia biomass in approximately a short period. The forming of flowers is on...

Samia Ikram1*, Riaz ur Rehman1, Farwa Batool2 and Atyab Amjad3

Evaluation of Bird of Paradise for Commercial Flower Production by using Organic Manures
...nt height (93.53 cm), Number of suckers (4.20), Number of leaves (8.00), Number of flowers (4.11), Stem diameter (5.025 cm) and Spike diameter (5.03 cm) were contributed by T2whereas maximum spike length (61.21 cm) was recorded in T3 and maximum shelf life (14.81 days) was noted in T4. The present research study revealed that T2 significantly contributes to commercial cut flower production...

Mohammad Mohsin Faqeer1, Muhammad Aquil Siddiqui2*, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Shameem Raja3, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2, Fareen Deeba Soomro4 and Muhammad Mahran Aslam2

Impact of Row Spacing on the Growth and Yield Parameters of Lentil (Lens culinaris L) under Semi-arid Region of Pakistan
...nation, plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1, weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield, and early days to maturity were observed at 30 cm row spacing. Interaction of varieties x row spacing indicated that NIA Masoor 2016 showed the best performance at 30 cm row spacing. This genotype exhibited highest germination (97.02 %), plant height (41.17 cm), number branches per p...
Jianjun Fu1, Shili Liu2, 3, Wenbin Zhu1, Yongyi Jia2, 3, Lanmei Wang1, Yufen Yang4, Zhimin Gu2, 3*and Zaijie Dong1*
...andidate parents, the number of alleles ranged from 7 to 22, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.39 to 0.75, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.57 to 0.91. All loci were highly informative (polymorphic information content, PIC >0.5). We detected a significant correlation between exclusion probabilities for parent pairs (E-PP) and PIC (P<0.01). Simulation analysis revealed that a high assignment rate (>95%) was achi...
Xiaopeng Tang1,2* and Kangning Xiong1,2
...lls using the Ussing chamber system. Cells were treated with: (1) EGF (0 ng / mL) + LPS (0 μg / mL) (Control group), (2) EGF (100 ng / mL) + LPS (0 μg / mL) (EGF group), (3) EGF (0 ng / mL) + LPS (1 μg / mL) (LPS group), and (4) EGF (100 ng / mL) + LPS (1 μg / mL) (EGF+LPS group) for 24 h for ussing chamber assay. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER, Ω.cm2), glutamine and glucose absorption rate...

Zubia Rahim1, Gulnaz Parveen1*, Salma Gul2 and Khushnood-ur-Rehman3

Ameliorating Effects of Salt Stress (KCl, NaCl) on Growth and Germination Parameters of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum)
...nded to study growth (number of leaves, leaf length, stem breadth, stem length, number of tillers) and yield (spike length, total seeds on single spike, whole plant weight, weight of 50 seeds per spike) parameters in the field, which was performed in completely randomized design (CRD). 39 pots lined with polythene bags were used to avoid percolation of water. Data was analyzed by variance (ANOVA). Salinity effects on the tes...
Arifa Khan1*, Arsalan Bashir1, Shazia Erum2, Jabar Zaman Khan Khatak1 and Aish Muhammad3
Effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine and Indole-3-acetic Acid on Growth and Root Development of Banana Explants in Micropropagation
...ment and also for the number of shoots and leaves. Wiallium-8818 hybrid gave more shoots (7.33) when the concentration of BAP and IAA was 2.5 and 1 mg L-1, respectively. Alike, Wiallium-8818 hybrid produced the longest shoot (12.20 cm) with more leaves (6.23) at 1 mg L-1 of each BAP and IAA. But Pisang variety produced maximum fresh weight (15.45 g) with a greater number of roots at 5 + 1 mg L-1 of BAP + IAA, respectively.

Muhammad Abdullah1, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai1, Jahangir Khan1*, Mohammad Fayaz1, Irfan Ullah1* and Sabeeh Ullah2

Analysis of Agricultural Land Price Determinants and Policy Implications for Controlling Residential and Commercial Encroachments: Facts from District Swabi (Pakistan)
... in Swabi district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a sample of 79 land parcels, having transaction record for the year 2015-2017, was selected from 10 randomly chosen villages. Data were collected on their prices and their physical, agricultural and location characteristics. Descriptive statistical tools were used to summarize data on agricultural land characteristics. A linear Hedonic Pricing Model (HPM) was used to estimate agricultural land prices ...

Sajid Khan* and Shahnaz Akhtar

Effect of Farm Labor Transformation on Households Income in Central Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...al three districts of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Data on different aspects of farm labor transformation were collected through a well-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Nine village councils from three districts were selected through random sampling techniques. The data were collected from 393 sample households and were analyzed by using paired sample t-test through Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and descriptive statistics, p...
Yonghua Liu*, Xianhua Li, Xiongfei Yan and Gang Li
...(44.50%). The average number of eggs produced was highest on apricot (175.58 eggs) and plum (178.43 eggs). Life table parameter results showed that the net reproductive rate, intrinsic growth rate, and finite growth rate were highest on apricot (101.75, 0.0892, and 1.0933, respectively) and plum (97.75, 0.0832, and 1.0867, respectively). Mean generation time was the longest on apple (58.41 d) and peach (58.45 d). Population doubling time was shortest on aprico...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Atiq Ur Rahman and Anwar Saeed Khan

Assessment of Irrigation Development in the Small Dams Command Area: A Case Study of Palai Dam, District Charsadda
...al cultivated area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is 1.65 million hectares out of which only 0.86 million hectares are irrigated while the remaining 0.79 million hectares have no permanent water for agriculture and mostly dependent on rainfall for irrigation. The development and management of water resources are of extreme importance for the sustainable development of agriculture specifically in rain-fed areas. Palai dam is a small irrigation dam, constructed on River ...
Inam Ur Rahman1, Syed Faizan Iftikhar2, Sanam Wagma Khattak3*, Wajahat Ali1, Azra4 and Sajad Ali1
South Asian Experience of Trade Liberalization: Implications for Food Security
...the link between trade liberalization and food security various dimensions, in the case of selected South Asian economies. The descriptive analysis revealed that Pakistan is the most and Nepal is the least food secure country in the region. Moreover, at country level the food availability and accessibility has lower values, where most of the countries are below the regional average values. While exploring the implications of trade libe...

Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1 and Nawab Khan3

Self-perceived Constraints of Extension Field Staff Affecting their Working Efficiency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...FS in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Five districts out of 26 were randomly selected one each from eastern, western, northern, southern, and central districts of the province. At second stage, two tehsils were randomly selected from each selected district for data collection. Data was collected personally through validated and pre-tested questionnaire from all the selected ten tehsils of the selected districts in which all EFS (95) respondents c...

Ghulam Murtaza1*, Muhammad Ramzan2, Amna Razzaq4, Muhammad Numan3, Rukhsar Beanish4, Ayesha Zafar4, Muhammad Shan Latif3 and Muhammad Adnan3

Screening of Brinjal (Solanum melongena) Varieties against Jassid, Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla
...d was recorded on 5 November while lowest on 2 December on all tested varieties. The population density was lowest in December on all varieties such as Nirala (1.0), Dilnasheen (2.1) and Bemisal (1.2), while maximum in November such as Nirala (3.8), Dilnasheen (6.6) and Bemisal (4.2) per leaf. Bemisal and Dilnasheen varieties had significantly higher jas...

Asifa Kamal1*, Ghazala Noreen1 and Muhammad Amin2

Trends and Determinants of Fertility in Pakistan: Multivariate Decomposition Analysis (PDHS 1990-91 to PDHS 2012-13)
...ore than wife), ideal number of children, marital duration and ever use of contraceptives has significant positive contribution towards women fertility in terms of number of children ever born to women. A significant decline in fertility is observed for the two periods (PDHS 2006-07 and PDHS 2012-13) as compared to PDHS (1990-91). There is 10% and 15% decline in fertility in 2006-07 and 2012-13 respectively as compared to 19...
Yifan Ni1, Jian Liu1, Fen Wu1, Jianfeng Cai1, Jinzhi Zhang1*, Jianqing Hua2 and Jiping Fu2
... values for the total number of piglets born (TNB), the number of piglets born alive (NBA), piglet weight at birth (PWB) and litter weight at birth (LWB) in both primiparous and multiparous sows of the three breeds. These results suggested that the SNP locis of MDR1 and OPN genes can be used in Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) programs for rapid improvement of the reproductive traits in sows.
...
Saima Siddique1* and Zarrien Ayub2
...ly from May 2011 to November 2012 at a rocky shore of Buleji, Pakistan, Northern Arabian Sea. The test diameter and total weight showed significant temporal variations. The test diameter/wet weight and test height/wet weight relationships followed negative allometry while test height/test diameter showed an isometric relationship. Length-frequency distribution analysis was bimodal in different seasons with the exception of three modes in summer’2012 and...
Anjali Khadka1*, Subodh Raj Pandey2, Subarna Sharma Acharya3, Amrit Poudel4 and Sushma Adhikari1
Morphological Evaluation and Multivariate Analysis of Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill Genotypes in Western Mid-Hills of Nepal
...ion with grain yield. Number of nodes, basal pod height, internodal length, plant height, number of branches, number of grains, pod length at maturity, leaf area was positively correlated with grain yield while days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of trifoliate, number of pods and fresh weight of the pod wer...

 Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2*, Yonis Abukar Mohamed3, Pravin Mishra4 and Osman Sheikh Ali Jama5

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Population Towards Brucellosis in Benadir Region, Somalia
...ducted from May to September 2020 in Benadir region of Somalia, to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of population towards Brucellosis. In this study, a total of 120 participants share their knowledge, attitude, and practices towards Brucellosis. Their knowledge regarding causative agent was 37.5% (n=45) and the disease was 45% (n=54), while transmission of animal to human was 43.33% (n=52). The majority of participants would take actions to ens...

Muhammad Ali Shah, Faiz Ur Rehman, Abbas Mehmood, Fareed Ullah, Sayed Irfan Shah and Syed Majid Rasheed*

Combining Ability, Heritability and Gene Action Assessment in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for Yield and Yield Attributes
...rm (BARF), Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during the growing season of 2017-18. The data were collected for pods related traits and total yield. The results of the study showed significant differences among parents and F1’s for all the studied traits. General and specific combining ability analysis revealed non-significant results for the traits under consideration, suggesting the involvement of non-additive type of gene action. A higher broad s...

Ghulam Rabbani1, Uzma Javed1*, Javed Iqbal2, Ruqeah Mustafa3, Ghulam Shabbir2 and Fida Hassan Shah4

Barani Mash a Newly Developed Disease Resistant and High Yielding Mash Cultivar for Rainfed Areas of Punjab, Pakistan
...uting characters were number of pods per plant, number of primary branches per plant, yield per plant and 100-kernal weight. Based on desirable traits and higher yield, this line was approved with name of “Barani Mash” by the Punjab Seed Council for its cultivation on commercial level in rainfed areas of Punjab. “Barani Mash” will prove to be a good alternative of existing cultivars and cultivation of...

Sajid Ali1, Abdul Basit1,3*, Abdul Mateen Khattak1, Syed Tanveer Shah1, Izhar Ullah2, Noor Alam Khan3, Imran Ahmad1, Kamran Rauf1, Salman Khan1, Irfan Ullah1 and Intizar Ahmad1

Managing the Growth and Flower Production of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) through Benzyle Amino Purine (BAP) Application and Pinching
...ht of plant, enhanced number of flowers per plant and also lateral branching in zinnia plants. Moreover, the plants pinched at the stage of 6 leaves performed well in height reduction and flower quality enhancement.

...

Shujaat Ali1,2*, Tariq Ahmad Jan3, Khalil Ur Rahman3, Shah Masaud Khan2, Ijaz Hussain2, Waseem Ahmad2, Qasim Ayub2, Muhammad Abbas1 and Israr Ahmad1

Effect of Room Condition on Sweetening and other Chemical Components of Different Cultivars of Potato in Swat District
...l components of potato tubers in Swat District, Pakistan. Tubers of the three cultivars, Desiree Diamont and Kruda were stored at room condition in three replications for 90 days. Data was recorded at 0 day (fresh) and at 15 days interval on Reducing Sugars (RS), Total Sugars (TS), Dry Matter (DM), Total Starch (TS), and Vitamin C. The total sugars and reducing sugars increased in the first 15 days in Kruda and Diamont, wher...

Muhammad Kashif Khan1*, Muhammad Wasim Jan Khan2, Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan3, Muhammad Ishaq Khan4, Muhammad Faheem Jan Khan5 and Abdul Salam Lodhi6

 

Impacts of Construction Risk Attributes on Organizational Performance of Registered Construction Companies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...struction industry of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. The research work carried out with the involvement of 150 Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) registered construction companies not only emphasizes on the crucial risk factors associated with construction projects but also insights into the impacts of the risk factors on the organizational performances. The relationships between risk factors in the fields of Site Conditions, Resources, Project Parties, a...

Mohammad Adil1*, Muhammad A. Khan2, Naveed Ahmed1, Edward Bromhead3, Muhammad A. Arshad1, Muhammad Fahad1, Shahid Ullah1 and Khan Shahzada1

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Column Staggering in Flat Slabs Systems
...ossible to reduce the number of columns by staggering. The provided guidelines can be used to reduce risks of punching shear, bending moment and deflection at extreme corners and edges, while avoiding edge beams in flat slabs for staggered column arrangement.

...

Mehreen Ijaz

Effect of Weave Type on Tensile Strength of Cotton Fabrics
...ith different types of fibers and yarns for multiple reasons. It is very crucial to choose the right and appropriate type of construction technique for various functional purposes. Because it plays an important role in determining the performance behavior of finished fabric. Weaving is one of the commonly used technique and different types of weaves have different effects on mechanical and physical properties of fabrics. The study was experimental in nature. I...
Jun Yan Bai1*, Ren Tao Di Wu2, Qiang Zhang2, Di Bao2, Le Ma Dao2 and Xing Hua Tian3
... markers. The average number of alleles was 3.7647, the average heterozygosity was 0.6205, and the average polymorphism information content was 0.5602. It showed that the population of Sonid bactrian camel had high genetic diversity. Among 17 microsatellite markers, 4 microsatellites were found to be associated with body size traits of Sonid bactrian camels. The body length of AB genotype labeled LCA33 was significantly higher than that of AA genotype (P
Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon, Randeep Kaur Aulakh and Tejdeep Kaur Kler
...ced the abundance and number of water dependent and terrestrial bird species directly and indirectly in agricultural habitats.
...

Salim Raza1*, Khan Gul Jadoon2, Sajjad Hussain1, Zahid ur Rehman1, Saira Sherin1 and Noor Muhammad1

Mitigation Plan for Identified Problems Faced by the Marble Industry in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...al standards due to a number of difficulties. As a result of these problems, the raw marble excavated from quarries carries less economic value and could not compete in the international market. Marble industry of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is selected for this study because major activities in this sector are being carried out in this province where more than 90% of the country’s reserves are located. The research documented ...
Jiawei Zhang1,2, Thomas Quirke1, Shibao Wu2*, Shaoshan Li2 and Fidelma Butler1
...antly affected by the number of visitors, and locomotion, preening, feeding and attention to visitors were positively correlated with the number of visitors. There is further interaction with visitation levels under different weather conditions. Visitors offer another positive environmental enrichment for this group of penguins and in turn, these penguins at Fota Wildlife Park are considered to have a high educational potent...

Bilal Pervaiz Khan1, Neelam Ara1, Shujaat Ali1,2*, Kamran Khurshid Baigh1 and Abdul Wahab1

Effect of Seed Priming on Radish with Different Nutrients at Various Soaking Durations
...ffa Mansehra (ARSBM), Khyber Pukhtunkhwa in winter 2016, from the behalf of Agriculture University Peshawar, on the influence of priming of seed on radish cv. Green Neck with various nutrient sources; water and 1 % of P solution of DAP, SSP, 1% K solution of KCl and 0.01 % B solution of boric acid at different priming durations with 6 hours interval (06, 12, 18, 24 hours). Un-soaked dried seeds were used as control. Research comprised of two factors i.e. sourc...
Rehman Akhtar1, Khizar Azam2, Abdur Rehman Babar1, Qazi Salman Khalid1, Rashid Nawaz1 and Imran Ahmad1 
 
...cation in division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). Thana, Chakdara, Harichand, Palai, Pir Khel and Shergarh city are evaluation by Fuzzy AHP on the basis of above-mentioned factors. Shergarh city is selected for most suitable location for the installation of solar panels.
...

Noor Ayaz1*, Faiza Aman1, Sidra Saleem1*, Maqbool Rehman1 and Muhammad Fahim2

Olive Cuttings as Affected by Different Concentrations of Indole Butyric Acid
...ays to 50% sprouting, number of sprouts cutting-1, sprouts length cutting-1, number of leaves cutting-1, days to rooting, and survival percentage. Significant differences (P≤0.01) were observed among olive cultivar treated with different IBA concentrations for days to 50% sprouting, days to rooting, and survival percentage, while non-significant differences were observed for the number ...

Said Sajjad Ali Shah1*, Muhammad Ilyas Khan1, Aziz Ullah1, Hayat Ullah2 and Faisal Ahmad2

Coprological Examination of Small and Large Ruminants in Central Zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...ts in central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a total of 1700 fecal samples were received from central districts and processed for coprological examination. Out of 1700 samples, 947 samples (55.7%) were positive for intestinal parasites. Specie wise prevalence of GI parasites was recorded as 51.5% in cows, 58.3% in buffalo, 73.9 % in sheep and 68.5% in goats. Trichostrongylus (32.8%) was recorded as highly prevalent in cattle followed by amoeba (...

Sanaullah1*, Abdul Basit2 and Inayat Ullah3

Challenges and Prospects of Farm Mechanization in Pakistan: A Case Study of Rural Farmers in District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
... district Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. This study employed a multi stage sampling technique to gather data on the socio-economic features of the farmers and available machinery. A total of 240 rural farmers were randomly selected from two local union councils of provincial government Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar. The accumulated data were analysed using mean and standard deviation with an acceptance me...

Chibuzo Uzoma Izuogu1*, Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke1, Loveday Chukwudi Njoku1, Gillian Chidozie Azuamairo1 and Mary Chikerenma Atasie2

 

Repositioning Nigeria’s Agricultural Extension System Towards Building Climate Change Resilience
... pattern have made it cumbersome for effective implementation of extension advice in real time. Training needs of extension workers for climate change resilience among others include the need to bridge digital divide, implementation of strategies for a better interface with development partners and optimization of the use indigenous mitigation strategies for climate change. The review recommends that essential strategies that must be in-cooperated in the exten...
Hongqun Li1*, Xiaoli Liu2*, Zongxian Han1, Shabin Wu1 and Changlei Cao1
...Province, China from October to November 2018. Data were collected by examination of fresh sites used by the brown-eared pheasant located on 22 transects across the entire study area. The results showed that foraging habitats were characterized by broadleaved forest, mid and upper slope location, and gully while day-roosting habitats by ridge, upper slope location, and sunny slope. The foraging sites utilized by the birds al...
Chen Zeng1,2, Baosuo Liu1,4, Kecheng Zhu1,4, Liang Guo1,2, Huayang Guo1,4, Nan Zhang1,4, Quan Yang1,3, Jing Wen Yang1,4 and Dianchang Zhang1,4*
Mohsin Ali1, Nargis Haider Kakar2, Rida Dawood3,4, Qurat-ul-ain Fatima5, Zunera Tanveer2, Shoaib Ahmad Malik6, Tauseef Muhammad Asmat1, Asadullah1, Muhammad Masood Tariq Kiani1 and Mohammad Zahid Mustafa1*
...sponsible for a large number of deaths worldwide, and diabetic patients are at risk of having other immune diseases including thyroid abnormalities. The current study, undertaken in collaboration with Shaikh Khalifa-Bin-Zayed Hospital Quetta, investigates the relation of thyroid abnormalities in 224 DM (both type 1 and type 2) patients. The parameters of age, duration of diabetes and type of treatment were measured. Venous blood was taken to investigate the th...

Zaka ur Rehman1*, Kashif Akbar1, Altaf ur Rehman1, Hassan Waqas1, Alif Khan1 and Asad Ali2

Development and Storage Stability of Diet Mango Juice
...ared with sweeteners, numbered as (T0) pure mango juice (control sample), (T1) mango juice+2.5g sucralose, (T2) mango juice+2.5g cyclamate, (T3) mango juice+2.5g aspartame, (T4) mango juice+1.25g sucralose + 1.25g cyclamate, (T5) mango juice+1.25g sucralose +1.25g aspartame, (T6) mango juice+1.25g cyclamate + 1.25g aspartame and (T7) mango juice+0.75g sucralose + 0.75g cyclamate + 0.75g aspartame. TSS, pH, and ascorbic acid content decreased while acidity incr...

Mehar Ul Nissa Rais1*, Tahmina Mangan1, Jam Ghulam Murtaza Sahito1 and Naeem Ahmed Qureshi2

A Trend Analysis: Forecasting Growth Performance of Production and Export of Chilli in Pakistan
...ormance of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces portrayed negative growth rate -0.044 percent and -0.006 percent, respectively. Forecasting model indicates R2 value of 0.45 percent, which is a positive sign of increase in production and export in the next 10-18 years. Based on findings, there is a need to organize the training programs to increase the awareness among the chilli growers to increase chilli production and quality for increase export share in t...

Hafiz Muhammad Wasim1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Sher Muhammad3, Usman Saleem4, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz5 and Aamer Sattar2

Impact of NaCl Toxicity on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa) Grown in Aridisol
...such as plant height, number of productive tillers, total biomass, straw and grain yields were negatively influenced by the increasing levels of sodium chloride when compared with control treatment. Injurious impact of NaCl was more pronounced as the concentration of salt increased in the treatments.

...

Muhammad Rizwan1*, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Aqeel Sarwar4, Abid Ali3, Farrukh Ilahi1, Muhammad Asif1 and Ghulam Sarwar1

Quantitative Studies in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using Multivariate Techniques
... stresses and enhanced fiber quality. Forty five elite lines of cotton were used to evaluate the genetic variability for fifteen parameters viz., plant height (cms), days taken in 50% flowering, monopodia plant-1, sympodia plant-1, boll weight (g), No. of bolls plant-1, ginning out turn (%), lint index(g), seed index(g), 2.5 percent span length(mm), bundle strength(g/tex), micronaire (µg/in), fibre elongation (%), uniformity ratio and yield plant-1(g). U...

Iqtidar Hussain*, Muzafar Ali, Imam Bakhsh and Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik

Effect of Different Levels of Naphthalene Acetic Acid at Various Phenological Stages of Hybrid Sorghum to Enhance Fodder Productivity
... under study. Maximum number of leaves (16.70 plant-1), leaf area (411.98 cm2), chlorophyll contents (46.84 and 53.50 µg cm-2) at 30 and 60 DAS and fodder yield (35550 kg ha-1) were higher with L4 (120 ml) followed by L3 (80 ml). While L5 (160 ml) and L2 (40 ml ha-1 NAA) were statistically at par. Mean values indicated that NAA level of L4 (120 ml ha-1) had maximum fodder yield (35,550 kg ha-1) as compared to control (13,024 kg ha-1). The results indicat...
Yasin Altay1, Saim Boztepe2, Ecevit Eyduran3, İsmail Keskin2Mohammad Masood Tariq4*, Farhat Abbas Bukhari4 and Irshad Ali4
..., staple length (SL), number of fibers (F) and average number of crimps over a length of 5 cm (ANC) were considered as possible predictors. To guarantee the highest predictive accuracy of the CHAID algorithm, minimum animal numbers in parent and child nodes were thought as 4 and 2. Model fit statistics showed the powerful predictive performance of the CH...
Ahmad Sadiq1, Muzafar Shah2*, Habib Ullah1, Irfan Ali1, Amir Alam3
Navid Jalil1 and Muhammad Khan3
...iabetic patients are deliberated to be at greater risk of hypertension and lipid abnormalities, which are the main cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The present work revealed the role of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for the detection of lipid profile and CVD. In recent study 108 (56 males and 52 female) type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects were diagnosed at Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) Peshawar and private diabetic clinic “Khattak Medical Centre&rdquo...
Wentao Wang1,2, Xu Lin3, Jianshu Zhuo3, Dongjie Zhang2, Xiuqin Yang3* and Di Liu1, 2*
...>E2F3 is an important member of E2F transcription factors and has been involved in carcinogenesis. So far, little is known on porcine E2F3. Here, we cloned the complete coding sequence (CDS) of E2F3b and identified seven alternatively spliced transcripts in pigs using molecular biology technique for the first time. The CDS of the canonical transcripts (named V1) of porcine E2F3b is 1023 bp in length, and showed 93.35% and 90.62% identities with the homologues ...

Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Nosheen Farooq1, Abu ul Hassan Faiz1, Arshad Javid2, Irfan Baboo3, Misbah Shoukat1 and Muhammad Aslam Khan4 

...e period May 2017 to October 2017. The specimens were identified under the binocular microscope by following the taxonomic keys of Christophers (1933), Barraud (1934) and Rueda (2004). A total of 2895 specimens of mosquitoes were collected from the study area, belonging to family Culicidae and two subfamilies, Anophilinae and Culicinae. Eleven species were identified as Anopheles barianensis (sub-familyAnophilinae), Culex barraudi, Cx. epidesm...
Pengfei Liu1*, Hongxia Liu2 and Jiajia Xiao1
...tii (EL), are two members of family Leiothrichidae, who are both assumed sexually monomorphic. We employed reflectance spectrometry to determine the plumage coloration in these two species in the hand. PL with dull plumage, the males had brighter head plumage than females, there was no significant difference in coloration of wing and breast plumage between two sexes. EL appeared relatively bright and polychrome plumages, and the males had extremely signifi...
Muhammad Shoaib1, Imran Rashid1*, Haroon Akbar1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi3, Muhammad Asif3, Mumtaz Ali Khan4, Shakeel Mahmood5 and Farhan Anwar Khan6
...in three districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan i.e. Mardan, Kohat and Swat. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ixodid ticks and associated animals’ related risk factors. A total of 434 tick infested cattle from three districts were examined conveniently. The genus Rhipicephalus was the most prevalent (68.4%) followed by Hyalomma (19.6%) and mixed tick infestation (12%) in all study districts, respectiv...
Oluwatobi Emmanuel Olaniyi1,2*, Chukwudiemeka Onwuka Martins2, Mohamed Zakaria2
...yed to survey (from November 2016 to December 2018) and choose 57 and 54 point stations around 14 and 24 lakes of PIW and PW respectively. Significant differences (p<0.05) existed in the encounter rate and effective detection radius of PPI and AP between PIW and PW. Both wetlands had low site occupancy, an unevenly distributed and non-significantly relative abundance (p>0.05) of PPI and AP. PW recorded the highe...
Sana Mehmood1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Muhammad Summer1, Sher Muhammad Sherawat2, Shaukat Ali1*, Sajida Naseem3
...llected from July to October during 2018-19. They were brought to the laboratory for subsequent morphological identification, DNA extraction and sequencing. We identified 38 morph-species, representing 22 genera and 8 families. Accuracy of morphological identification was confirmed by barcode analysis of tissue samples. A standard barcode sequence of COI (Cytochrome c Oxidase I) was recovered from 90 specimens of spiders. Percentage accuracy of morphological i...

Inam Ullah1,2, WU Qing-Ming1*, Ruqia Bibi2 and Najam Un Nisa2

Comparison of Nesting Site Preferences and Breeding Ecology of Red-Vented Bulbul, Baya Weaver, and Grey Bush Chat in Sheikh Badin National Park Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
...n National Park from October 2018 to September 2019   . Most birds’ breeding was observed from May to August. The dominant tree and shrub species include Ziziphus jujuba, Ziziphus mauritiana, Acacia Nilotica, Cortaderia selloana, and Sheesham Olea oleaster. Thirty-nine (39) nests of 3 selected bird species, Red-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer), Baya weaver (Ploceus philippinus), and Grey bush chat (Saxicola f...
Eslam Moradi-Asl1*, Behnam Mohammadi Ghalehbin2, Kamran Akbarzadeh3, Jafar Mohammad-Shahi4, Hajar Afshin4
... to hospital in 13 September and was admitted to date 18 September 2019.Larvea extracted manually from thumb finger of left foot and sent to Medical Entomology Laboratory of the School of Public Health, Ardabil University of medical Sciences for identification. This case is a first time was reported from Ardabil province, northwest of Iran and the Diabetics, Blindness and Physical inability to protect the wound were the most...

Muhammad Riaz Gondal1*, Sultan Ahmad Rizvi1, Aaqib Riaz2, Waqas Naseem1, Ghulam Muhammad1, Mazher Iqbal3, Humara Umer3 and Inam ul Haq3

Apposite Sowing Techniques to Optimize Productivity and Profitability of Berseem
...during first week of October during each year using seed of new berseem cultivar “Punjab Berseem” at rate of 20 kg ha-1. All fodder parameters of each of four cuts and seed yield on harvesting were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that broadcast (BC) sowing gave maximum values of yield attributes and increased fodder yield by 43.78 %, seed yield by 14.18 % and CP yield by 45.14% over control (i.e., row s...

Tofique Ahmed Bhutto1, Mahmooda Buriro1, Niaz Ahmed Wahocho2, Safdar Ali Wahocho2, Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro3*, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1, Reema Vistro1, Fehmeeda Abbasi1, Sanam Kumbhar1, Fateh Muhammad Shawani4 and Nadar Hussain Khokhar5

Evaluation of Wheat Cultivars for Growth and Yield Traits under Agro-Ecological Condition of Tandojam
...ere performed during October 2015-2017 (both seasons) applying randomized complete design with three replications. Performance of various wheat varieties for their yield and yield-related characters, including TD-1, Moomal-2002, Anmol-91, and Imdad-2005 were investigated. The results demonstrated that all the cultivars showed significantly varied performance for growth and yield-related traits. However, TD-1 and Moomal-2002 comparatively showed better performa...

Bina Khanzada1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Bhai Khan Solangi1 and Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani2

Effect of Morphological Characters of Indigenous Sugarcane Varieties on Population of Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) and its parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes (Cameron)
...es i.e., cane length, number of internodes, length of leaf, sheath, trichome density along with infestation and larval population of C. infuscatellus and parasitism of C. flavipes were recorded. Results indicated a high variation in the morphological characters of different sugarcane varieties evaluated, that in response affected the population of both C. infuscatellus and its parasitoid, C. flavipes. Among varieties, the highest population of C. infuscatellus...

Zafar Abbas1*, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi2, Muhammad Nasir3, Muhammad Ashraf4, Salma Kausar5, Nadeem Iqbal6, Muhammad Zahid Khan Nazar7, Iftikhar Ahmad3, Ghulam Murtaza1 and Ijaz Ahmad8

Evaluation of Best Dose of Micronutrients (Zinc, Iron and Boron) to Combat Malnutrition in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
... weight, total yield, number of fuits plant-1 and survival percentage except number of leaves plant-1 which were maximum in T4 i.e. (100-60-50)+ ZnSO4 0.5%. Concludingly, growth parameters of all the theree cultivars of egg plant showed maximum performance i.e plant height (88.57, 139.77 and 135.11 cm), fruit weight (213, 284 and 261 g), yield (10.11, 11.98 and 12.39 t ha-1), survival percentage (95.71, 99.63 and 90.23%) and...

Saba Aleem1*, Mehvish Tahir2, Iram Sharif3, Muqadas Aleem4, Muhammad Najeebullah2, Ali Nawaz1, Amina Batool1, Muhammad Imran Khan1 and Waheed Arshad1

Principal Component and Cluster Analyses as Tools in the Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Late Season Cauliflower Genotypes
...t to extreme, and the number of leaves contributed significant positive component loading to these principal components (PCs). Biplot analysis among the first two PCs found the Casper RZ, AA Cauli-08, and Snow queen as diverse genotypes. Cluster analysis based on Euclidian distance grouped the genotypes into 3 distinct clusters. Some of the genotypes that have narrow genetic base were grouped into a similar cluster. Based on these results, it may be concluded ...

Hafiz Hammad Ahmad1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1*, Noor-us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Aneela Riaz4

Growth and Yield Response of Sunflower to Organic Amendments in Aridisol
...head size (21.36 cm), number of achene haed-1 (864) and achene yield plant-1 (32.16 g) of sunflower was observed with application of NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot-1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot-1 (T6) in cultivar Hysun-33. While, lowest value of fresh biomass (72.73 g), dry biomass (15.72 g), head size (16.63 cm), achene head-1 (711), achene yield plant-1 (18.36 g) was noted under NK + P0 (T1) treatment in Agwara-3. Among the tested sunflower cultivars, Hysun-33...

Hillary M.O. Otieno

A Review of White Mango Scale (Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead; Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Sub-Saharan Africa: Distribution, Impact and Management Strategies
...ango scale (Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead) pest is threatening mango production in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Being a new pest, there are no clear adaptable management practices ready for farmers to implement. This has caused farmers to rely on nature and sometimes adoption of crude and ineffective traditional control methods. Farmers capable of using pesticides apply very toxic products that are not only harmful to the applicators but also to the beneficial...
Muhammad Umar1, Muhammad Arshad2, Mubashar Hussain1*, Moazama Batool3 and Muhammad Faheem Malik1
...nd 2011) when a large number of migratory birds visit the Mangla Wetland. The birds were counted by the Point Count Method from a fixed point and for a fixed time period in such a way that the Sun was always behind the observer. A total of 37,082 birds belonging to eight orders, 11 families, 28 genera and 37 species visited the wetland in 2010, whereas in 2011, 21,302 birds belonging to six orders, nine families, 20 genera, and 28 species. Twenty two bird spec...
Ghulam Sarwar1, Amna Nazir1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Eram Shahzadi2 and Abid Mahmood3
... L.) is utmost natural fiber used in textile industry. Awareness about genetic diversity is very essential for fruitful genetic improvement approaches. Correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analyses were performed to estimate genetic diversity in 25 cotton genotypes. Correlation analysis revealed that days to first square, flower and boll opening were positively associated with seed cotton yield. Staple length and CLCuV % were negatively ...
Imran Haider1, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza1*, Rashid Iqbal1, Salman Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Usman Aslam1, Muhammad Israr3, Umair Riaz4, Maliha Sarfraz5, Nasir Abbas6, Salman Haidar Abbasi7, Zafar Abbas8 and Muhammad Aamer9
 
 
...ty of Bahawalpur in November 2019. Factorial arrangement in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to design the experimentation. The experiment consisted of six treatments viz, Control, a drought at flowering and grain filling stages, Amino acid @ 1.5 ml L-1 + drought at flowering and grain filling, Amino acid @ 3 ml L-1 + drought at flowering and grain filling, Yeast @ 3g L-1 + drought at flowering and grain filling...
Muhammad Muhsin1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha3,Sadia Khan4, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal5, Muhammad Zubair Amin6, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub7, Usman Anwar8, Muhammad Umair Hassan1 and Muhammad Umer Chattha1*
 
 
...b>: 15th December, SD2: and 30th December and different seed size classes i.e. bold (having a diameter of > 2.7 mm), medium (having a diameter of > 2.3 mm to 2.7 mm), small (having a diameter of ≤ 2.3 mm) and mixed seeds. The results indicated that different sowing dates and seed size classes had a significant effect on germination, growth, and yield of wheat crop. The crop sown on 1...

Mansoor Qadir1*, Yousaf Khan2, Shahid Khan3, Djamaleddine Djeldjli3 and Muhanned Ismael Ibrahim Al Firas4

...ach communicating subscriber’s simultaneous access of the entire medium with maximum security and spectral efficiency. This paper aims to design and analyze 2 dimensional OCDMA based coding scheme and corresponding network architecture to support high capacity Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON). The coding scheme is proposed by deploying diagonal eigenvalue unity (DEU) scheme at the frequency domain (X-axis) in combination with double weight zero cro...
Humza Sami1, Mahnoor Sagheer1, Muhammad Amir Altaf1, Javaid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Zubair1,*
 
...ithms and the varying number of channels. Simulated and measured results are successfully verified for different locations and sizes of conducting objects in a given imaging domain. The proposed system can be used for practical applications in biomedical imaging, especially for the detection of breast cancer at early stages. 
...
Faiz Muhammad Khand1,Allah Bux Kachiwal2, Zubair Ahmed Laghari2, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho1, Pershotam Khattri2, Saeed Ahmed Soomro2, Nazar Ali Korejo2 and Ambreen Leghari1*
...sup>=0.97). The fetal numbers were estimated 19 (five single and seven twines) by transrectal approach in twelve pregnant teddy goats. The earliest day of pregnancy diagnosis was 19 day after mating, while trunk was best parameter for determination of gestational age throughout gestational period and fetal sexing can be diagnosed at 7th week of gestation period in teddy goats.
...
Faheem Ahmed Khan1*, Sarzamin Khan2, Qurat-ul-Ain3, Saqib Ishaq1Muhammad Salman1, Abdul Rehman1, Ikram Ullah4, Kalsoom5 and Johar Jamil5
...ruit samples, a total number of confirmed S. cerevisiae isolates were 1, 2 and 1 from orange (Citrus sinensis), grapes (Vitis), and peach (Prunus persica), respectively. Utilizing yeast extract, peptone and dextrose maximum biomass was produced by S. cerevisiae isolate recovered from peach (SCP-1) i.e. 4.83 g/l. Using isolate SCP-1 higher biomass of S. cerevisiae was produced on sugarcane molasses (6.42 g/l) fol...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1*, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Naeem Awan2 and David C. Lee3
...ational Park (DVNP), Bhimber, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan was conducted from June 2017 to May 2018. Data were collected along one km line transects at three sites within the National Park: Barmala, Deva and Vatala. In total, 52 species were recorded, which included the globally threatened sociable lapwing. The most abundant species were asian green bee-eater, red-vented bulbul, house sparrow and common myna, and no species was unique to a single site in t...
Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Hera Gul2, Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Sami Ullah3, Ghulam Sabir Hussain4, Mumtaz Hussain1, Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmad1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Zeshan6
 

...arcane was sown on September 8 2015, and in late February, 2017 it was harvested. Consequent ratoon was the test crop. The latter was harvested on 16th of February, 2018. Observation on different qualitative and quantitative traits of crop were recorded by using standard procedure. Highest number of millable cane m
Muhammad Ayub1*, Munir Hussain2, Sher Ahmad2, Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi3, Shahid Hussain1, Muhammad Qasim2, Muhammad Din2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4 and Tajudin2
...ng: 0.1px;">Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth major food crop of the world and it is gaining status of cash crop in Gilgit Baltistan. White grub is most destructive insect pest damaging potato tubers and causes economic loss of Gilgit-Baltistan. The study was conducted with an aim to develop eco-friendly management of white grub. Fermented extracts of four herbs ...
Muhammad Hamayoon Khan*, Niaz Hussain Khuhro, Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Usman Asif and Raza Muhammad
 
 
.../i>. The highest mean number of B. zonata (3690.57 flies/trap) was captured in August 2018 in guava orchard. From October, 2018 onward up to February 2019, population of B. zonata tended to decline with the lowest catches (122.5 and 152.8 flies/trap, respectively) in January and February, 2019. In mango orchard, peak population of B. zonata (4062.8 flies/trap) was recorded in May, 2019. Abundance of B...
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Jahangir Shah1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Sami Ullah2,3, Hera Gul4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Zeshan6
 
 
...nt 16th September during the whole study period (2011-14). The 16th of March, 16thSeptember, and 1st August were the other suitable sowing times for jojoba as these showed 82.37%, 75.47%, and 71.57% of germination respectively.
...
Mashal Malik and Mudassar Nawaz Khan*
 
...f plant height, total number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length and leaf weight, while line B29G11 revealed the lowest. The maximum plant height (128.03 cm) was found for line B20G16. A maximum number of 48 leaves with leaf width of 2.34 cm, leaf length of 3.34 cm leaf and leaf weight of 156.11 mg were recorded in line B20G16. The line B29G11 grew with the least plant height (51.01 cm), number...
Arsalan Khan1, Aminullah Khan2, Dil Fayaz Khan2, Sajid Khan1, Anjum1, Waqar Ali3, Habib Akbar1 and Ahmad Khan1*
 
 
... Bannu (South part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) during 2016-17. The soil of the experimental area was Loamy sand with Haplic yermosols soil series based on FAO classification. The experiment comprised of three tillage practices i.e. Shallow tillage (ST), Conventional tillage (CT) and Deep tillage (DT) and eight nitrogen treatments (Control, 100% Urea, 100% FYM, 100% PM, 50% Urea/FYM, 50% Urea/PM, 50% FYM/PM and 33.33% each PM/FYM/Urea). These ratios provid...
Muhammad Zubair1, Habib Ahmad2*, Brian E. Hemphill3, Muhammad Tariq4 and Muzafar Shah5
...war districts, of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KP) of Pakistan. Dental casts obtained from both mandible and maxilla of 375 volunteers in which 75 male and 50 females of all the tribes. The dental casts for each individual were analyzed for a set of 35 tooth-trait accordance with the Arizona State University Dental Morphology System. The data was compared with the secondary information of 3842 individuals representing 36 other ethnic groups of different pa...
Syahruddin Said1*, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra1 and Dani Nur Arifin2
...n is under the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2<5.991). The number of effective allele (ne) was 1.92. It showed that Pasundan bLHR/HhaI had two common alleles. Based on the sequencing analysis results of 46 samples, it showed that new mutation at g.1626G>T was only detected in one individual sample. Polymorphism of bLHR/HhaI gene in the present study was not significantly associate...
Ye Ge1, Chunmiao Zhao1, Weitian Xie2, Ying Liu2,* and Chunhou Xu1,*
...of 69.1% and a colony number of 2.7×105 CFU/mL after an 80 °C high-temperature treatment. After 7 generations of fermentation, the average pH value was 4.47. The average number of colonies in the culture medium was 18.4. The production of protoplasts lays a foundation for research in microecological preparation.
...
Muneer Abbas1*, Dilbar Hussain2, Muhammad Saleem2, Abdul Ghaffar2Sohail Abbas3, Niaz Hussain1 and Abdul Ghaffar1
...ere May-July, July-September and July-August in guava, citrus and mango orchards with maximum population 69.06-70.36, 51.0-58.32 and 37.54-43.92/trap, respectively with TFC (total flies captured) reduced during 2nd year. Plant extracts Azadirachta indica and Citrullus colocynthis proved better as they reduced pupal population 14.53 and 10.74, 9.87 and 2.85, 7.20 and 2.27 % in guava, citrus and mango orchards, respectively...
Ijaz Haider1*, Muhammad Akhtar1, Ali Noman2 and Muhammad Qasim3
... trap from March to November from 2000 to 2014 in rice wheat cropping system. Yellow stem borer (YB), white stem borer (WB) and pink stem borer (PB) first appeared on the light trap in March when average temperature was 18°C. YB and WB had first peak population in mid-April at temperatures 30-33°C while second peak was observed in mid-September. Pink stem borer first peak population was observed in mid-March while se...
Guofang Wu1,2, Xingxing Xue1, Wenjuan Shen1, Lei Wang1,2*, Yuhong Ma1 and Jiping Zhou1
...nt-size: small;">Teat number is an important economic trait in the pig breeding industry and is directly related to the livability and growth status of piglets. By applying genetic technology, it may be possible to increase the number of teats and thus enhance production. Previous research has shown that teat number exhibits moderate levels of heritability that could be accelerated by the ...
Muhammad Naeem1,2, Nasir Rajput1,2, Sher Ali3, Asmatullah Kaka2, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro2, Mehvish Rajput2 and Tian Wang1,*
...ash and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents; lower (P<0.05) organic matter (OM) than AH and CWR, the ether extract (EE) were higher and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were lower (P<0.05) in AH and TRS-II, while the crude protein (CP) were higher and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were lower (P<0.05) in AH than other groups. The concentration of acetate, butyrate and iso-butyrate were almost similar in TRS-II, AH ...
Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir2*, Shanza Ahmed3, Muhammad Amjad Bashir1, Shahbaz Ali1, Syeda Amber Hameed4Munaza Batool5, Irfan Ahmed6 and Muhammad Naeem Khan7
...n disturbed soils in October, December at Gujranwala and Chakwal. The highest values of family richness (S=04) was reported in undisturbed soil at Faisalabad, D.G. Khan and Chakwal and the lowest (S=0) was found from Gujranwala, and Chakwal disturbed soil.
...

Muhammad Jahanzaib1*, Nazakat Nawaz1, Muhammad Arshad1, Haris Khurshid1, Muzamil Hussain2 and Shahid Ali Khan1

 

 

...elated (-.850**) with number of branches. A strong positive direct effect was observed between twenty pods length (5.548), shelling percentage (4.630), 100-kernels weight (3.738), and leaflet length (2.950) with dry pods yield, indicating the importance of traits linkage in groundnut genotypes improvement. A weak direct effect was found among morphological traits i.e., number of branches (1.419), plant height (.311), and pla...
Muhammad Qayash Khan1,2, Muhammad Zubair Anjum2, Muhammad Adnan3, Abbas Khan1, Hafsa Zahid1, Javed Nawab4, Sher Zaman Safi5Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah6, Atif Kamil7 and Abid Ali1*
...rom various rivers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The samples were morphologically identified, its mitochondrial DNA was extracted and subjected to molecular characterization by amplifying and sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) gene. The sequencing data revealed rich genetic diversity among fish specimens belonging to the genus Schizothorax. For the genus Tor, as was commonly believed of having two species (Tor ...
Muhammad Akram Muneer1, Khalid Munir1, Ghulam Abbas1’*, Isra Munir1Mumtaz Ahmad Khan1, Asif Iqbal1, Munsoor ud Din Ahmad1, Muhammad Arshad Javid2, Zareen Fatima1 and Maria Arshad1
...tionscaused quitelargenumberofhumandeathsworldwide.Coronavirusesaresingle-strandedpositive sense RNA viruses which mainly in past were considered responsible for high percentage of (around 30%) of common cold/flu cases. Viruses causing SARS, MERS and COVID-19 are members of family Coronavirdae. World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the novel Cov-19 virus infection was first diagnosed in Wuhan, Hubei Province, ...

Natalija Grittner1, Radomir Mandić2,* and Milivoje Urošević3

...es were analyzed. The number of populations these indigenous breeds in Serbia has been shown in this paper. It is proposed that 15 breeds (13 breeds and 2 strains), which are not protected by the Decree of the Ministry of Agriculture of Serbia on animal genetic resources, be included in the Decree in the future, in order to preserve and improve their numbers. An urgent establishment of the animal gene bank of Serbia has been...
Iftikhar Hussain1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood1, Muzafar Shah2*, Mohammad Salim3, Shabir Ahmed1, Sana Ullah1,Sidra Batool4, Nadia Saeed1 and Khalid Usman1
...rom the May 2015 to November 2016 the short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx (n = 4) was captured from Frontier Region Kohat and Shublan, Kurram Agency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The morphometry and cranial characteristics of the captured specimens were compared with literature. C. sphinx is being reported form the study area for first time. Morphometry of all captured C. sphinx showed that head and body le...
Qiang Tang1 and Qianli Tang2*
... of subdermal collagen fibers also decreased (p<0.001), inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in skin tissue increased (all p<0.001), and expression levels of Ang-1 and Tie-2 proteins in skin tissue decreased (both p<0.001). Compared with model group, thickness of epidermis, dermis and collagen fibers, and expression levels of Ang-1 and Tie-2 proteins in skin tissue in isoliquiri...
Nosheen Basharat1, Usman Waheed2,3*, Muhammad Arshad1, Noor e Saba4, Iram Masood1, Akhlaaq Wazeer1, Ahmad Farooq1, Sadaf Moneeba1Abdul Rauf5 and Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3

 

...ty, Islamabad, from November 2016 to June 2017. Total 282 samples were selected after routine blood screening of Hepatitis B and C, of which 75 were HCV positive (asymptomatic), 75 were HBV positive (asymptomatic) and 132 were from healthy (without HCV and HBV) voluntary blood donors. Selected samples were tested for TTV presence by ELISA and PCR assays. TTV DNA was detected in 55.2% of the healthy donor’s samples. ELISA showed 78/282 positive samples fr...
Riffat Sultana1*, Nuzhat Soomro2, Santosh Kumar3 and Ahmed Ali Samajo2
...th of copulation, and number of mating in entire life of insect and also discussed its implications in the observed mating behavior. We examined that reproductive activity of Oxyinae was at its maximum in August to December. Mating duration has also been identified as a pest control method in which the insect does not become resistant.
...
Eman Khalifa1*, Riad Khalil2 and Haitham Elaadli3
...ighlight on dangers of tuberculosis as a zoonotic and debilitating disease threatening animal and human health beside economy, this research aimed to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis from buffaloes’ mastitic milk by isolation on Lowenstein-Jensen medium (LJ medium), Ziehl-Neelsen staining; identification by different biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 500bp diagnostic for M. bovis, as well as (2) to dete...
Rahmat Ullah Khan, Asif Sadam and Sajid Mahmood*
...d in district Bajaur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during May, 2017-April, 2018. Known habitats were divided into three categories: 1) vertical barren rocks 2) rocky vegetation slopes and 3) grassy mountainous slopes near agricultural fields. The average monthly population density was 0.198±0.04/ha by line transect method. During the period June, July, September and October 2017, significantl...

Ahmad Ur Rahman Saljoqi, Muhammad Salim* and Iftikhar Ahmad 

 

...hibiting minimum mean number of T. tabaci (nymphs 1.74 plant-1 and adults 1.31 plant-1) as compared to the rest of treatments. This was followed by orange peel extract and neem seed extract treated plots where 3.35 and 3.26 nymphs plant-1 and 2.60 and 2.69 adults plant-1 respectively were recorded. The data further showed that the plots treated with neem oil and C. carnea recorded mean num
Sana Khan1*, Faiza Aman1, Muhammad Ismaeel2, Zafar Ali2, Mehboob Alam1, Sadeed Iqbal1 and Taimur Khan3
 
...root weight (5.90 g), number of nodules plant-1 (18.66) and yield ha-1 (5.92 tons) were recorded in Leena Pak cultivar. The cultivar Leena Pak was found higher yielding as compared to other cultivars under this study. It can be concluded from the research findings that cultivar Leena Pak should be fertilized with 90 kg ha-1 of phosphorus for better performance in terms of growth and yield under the agro-climatic conditions of S...

Faiza Aman1,*, Neelam Ara1 and Syed Mehar Ali Shah2

 

 

...irst picking. Highest number of pods plant-1 (37.67), hundred green seeds weight (57.33 g) and green pod yield (10.19 tons) was recorded for genotype UAP-47. Maximum pod length (9.87 cm), seeds pod-1 (9.33) and hundred green pods weight (583.00 g) was recorded for variety Green Gold. However, minimum pods plant-1 (15.00) was recorded for pea variety Rizwaan. The lowest pod length (3.57 cm) was displayed by genotype UAP-13. Howe...
Sheza Shehzadi1, Mohammad Umar Farooq2*, Rukhsana Kausar1, Ijaz Ali1*, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Maqbool Shahbaz4
...protein content, crude fiber, ether extract, and total digestible nutrients. Significant results were obtained by applying ANOVA test on the data retrieved. All three factors (BP, CC and CS) showed maximum results after 60 days of growth. The result indicated that after the 60 days interval the animal unit per month gave the maximum fodder (7.0667 AU/M/Ha) that proposed to be grazed for large ruminants and then 21 small ruminants on the same biomass and also m...
Kartika Noerwijati1*, Sholihin Sholihin1, Tinuk Sri Wahyuni1, Rohmad Budiono2, Nguyen Van Minh3, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi4, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile5 and Lulu Husna6
 
 
...ages involved a large number of clones, therefore cluster analysis (the K-means cluster analysis method) was carried out to classify clones based on tuber yield and harvest index and to facilitate the selection process. The aim of this study wasto select high yielding cassava clones as selection material for the next stage of selection in the highlands. The F1 seedlings population selected, had a wide range of tu<...
Sana* and Abbas Ullah Jan
 
... an increasing number of government schools in rural areas. Traditional agriculture is labourintensive, provision of interest-free formal credit for the adoption of modern technologies could reduce demand for labour.
...
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Saleem Ashraf3, Tahir Munir Butt4, Abdur Rehman5, Imtiaz Hussain6 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood2
 
 
...research area faced a number of constraints inefficient adoption of family farming practices. Out of these constraints “non-availability of female rural development practitioners/workers” was on the top with maximum mean value (4.66/5.00). The study recommended that there is a need to educate female farmers involved in family farming through extension activities to perform their activities effectively and efficiently. The major purpose of present s...
Sadaqat Khan1,Saleem Ullah1* and Muhammad Sajid2
...eaves and leaflets in numbers per plants with a range of 131.33 to 176.67 cm, 60 to 105, 41.5 to 60.0, 50.66 to 77.167 and 7.607 to 15.33, 30.33 to 82.0, respectively were significantly affected (P<0.05) by the interaction of selenium application in irrigation and foliar spray in relation to season. The effect was also significant (P<0.05) on some minerals like Cu, Mn, Zinc, Mg and Se that ranged from 0.2080 to 0.3150, 0.1260 to 0.2520, 0.2012 to 0.2970 ...

Muhammad Ihtisham1, Noor Amjad2, Muhammad Nauman3, Asghar Ali3, Khawar Riaz3, Muhammad Sajid3, Muhammad Owais Shahid*3 

 

...nt height (22.63 cm), number of leaves (28.34), leaf area (7.13 cm2), stem diameter (0.39 cm), fresh leaves weight (2.79 g), stem fresh weight (1.55 g), length of roots (20.99 cm) and winter survival of plants (93.03%). It was concluded from the results that scarification durations of 90 and 135 min and sowing on 4th-14th April were the most effective in improving the germination, growth attributes and winter survival of Sophora.

...
Ahmad Abrar Khan* and Muhammad Idrees
...in district Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa- Pakistan. Data were collected from 132 respondents belonging to the district Mansehra’s five agriculture circles through a pre-tested interview schedule. Results were obtained through frequency, percentage and multiple regression with a dummy variable model. The majority (46.2%) apricot growers cultivated apricot on 01 kanal of land and major group (31.8%) were getting 51-70 Kg yields per tree. Moreover, 68.9% of...
Javaria Sherani1,2*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani1, Tanveer Ahmad2, Sohail Kamaran3, Abdul Manan2, Tehseen Ali Jilani2 and Mateen Sajid2
 
Chen Tongde1, Fakher Abbas1, Jiao Juying1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2*, An Shoshan1, Muhammad Ansar3, Qaiser Hussain2, Mah-Noor Azad2 andAyaz Ahmad2
...d approval of a large number of construction projects to prevent the intensification of soil erosion and the deterioration of water quality and ecological environment. The research and control on headwater erosion in the gully region should be strengthened to protect farmland and ensure food security. It is recommended that collection of basic data on soil erosion, and study of the mechanism and process of soil erosion at different scales should be strengthene...
Haseeb Khattak1, Imran Ahmad1, Abdul Basit1*, Izhar Ullah1,2, Syed Tanveer Shah1, Humaira Wasila3, Inayat Ullah4, Intizar Ahmad1 and Noman Ahmad1
 
...iverse genotypes of cucumber under different cropping patterns may signify to examine the potential of best and desired selection for quality crop. The study was carried out to evaluate cucumber genotypes (IT-145, Damaz, Yayla, Eva, Chinese Slanger, Poinsett-76, SCM-01 and SCM-03) under various gardening patterns (Horizontal and Vertical) at Vegetable Directorate, HRI, NARC, Islamabad-Pakistan. It was observed that growth an...
Hafiz Tassawar Abbas1*, Tamoor Khan1, Ghulam Khaliq2, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3, Muhammad Rashid4, Intazar Ali5, Muhammad Abuzar Jaffar2, Ghulam Ali Bugti6 and Muhammad Waseem4
 

...e of plant protein. A number of diseases attack chickpea crop but wilt disease is the principle one. In mineral contents i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, zinc, iron and copper were decreased in chickpea plants affected with wilt disease. Leaves of three resistant and susceptible (un-inoculated and inoculated) chickpea lines/varieties were tested to find out their ionic status (
Asma Chaudhary1, Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad1, Afia Muhammad Akram1, Sadia Roshan2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3*
...la comprising of less number of C.F.U.ml-1. Highest survival rates i-e 63.5 and 70.17% were expressed by Sphingomonas sp.AsCh-P3 and B. aerius AsCh-A7 respectively by mixing in formulated fish feed, drying and storing in refrigerator. Mortalitiesof Labeo rohita fingerlings challenged to P. fluorescens intraperitoneally appeared in a dose dependent manner with symptoms like hemorrhage, swelling of the belly and anus...
Simeen Mansoor, Jabeen Farheen* and Meher Hassan
 

...AA), and 100 µM gibberellic acid (GA) before lethal-temperature stress (50 °C) were assessed on green gram growth and protein profile. For this purpose, the distilled-water and phytohormones imbibed seeds of NM13-1 were pretreated with 40 °C (1 hour) before 50 °C (2 hours), after 24 hours seed...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Jennifer Ifeoma Okpara1, James Mogoret Dabol1, Joshua Adetunji1, David Adeniyi2, David O. Amanyi3, Otobo I. Ujah4, Veronica David1, Patience Omaiye5 and Onyemocho Audu6

...os Metropolis from September to December 2018. The anti-HDV antibodies (IgM) were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay HDV IgM ELISA Kit (MyBiosource, Inc, USA). The result was interpreted according to manufacturer’s instructions. Ninety HBsAg positive patient were included (45 HBV/HIV, and 45 HBV-mono infected patients), 36 (40.0%) males, and 54 (60.0%) were females, with the overall mean age of 38.7 &plusm...
Suwati Suwati1, ErniRomansyah1,*, Syarifudin Syarifudin1, Yahya Jani2, Agus Heri Purnomo3
Damat Damat4 and Erkata Yandri5,6
...hydrate, protein, fat, fiber and ash, vitamin, and beta-carotene. Right drying methods are needed to preserve the quality of dried seaweed. This study aims to compare the trend of weight reduction in seaweed during drying by natural and cabinet methods. The methods were used experimentally in the field and laboratory. And the data were analyzed using simple linear regression to formulate a trend of reduction in the weight of seaweed while drying. The results s...
Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani1,*, Sri Rahayu1, Endang Dwi Purbajanti2, Devi Dwi Siskawardani3, Karina Stankeviča4 and Roy Hendroko Setyobudi5
...2M1 = 53.96 cm), leaf number 70 d (A1M3 = 42.75), leaf N content (A3M3 = 5.36 g 100 g–1), leaf P content (A3M3 = 0.418 g 100 g–1), leaf K content (A3M3 = 0.273 g 100 g–1), number of root nodules (A3M0 = 120), and weight of fresh pods plant–1 (A1M3 = 33.67 g). That application can enhance root nodules and had increased NPK uptake. 
...
Titin Herawati1,*, Indra Adiwiguna1, Ayi Yustiati1, Iis Rostini1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Hafizan Juahir3 and Asep Sahidin1
 

...arch commenced from November 2017 to January 2018. Parameters measured are diversity index, dominance index, equitability index, and water quality. Data analysis employed comparative-descriptive method by mapping the species and comparing the diversity of fish living in both ends of Jatigede Dam. The results indicate that six families of fish are identified, consisting of 14 species. The fish diversity of Cimanuk River upstream Jatigede Reservoir is of moderat...

Anwar Ali1,5*, Horia Shaukat2, Munir Ahmed3,5, Ahmed Bostani4 and Syed Ashiq Hussain3

...gated thoroughly in a number of countries around the world. It is currently applied properly on commercial scale in few countries. It has different impact on different type of muscles, so basic know how of changes occurring when it is applied to different kind of muscles should be known to get maximum benefits from this technology.

...
Shehzadi Saima1, Maqsoda Perveen2, Muhammad Nawaz1, Khalid M. Ahmad1,* and Haider Sultan1
... dry weight of stalk, number of florets per plant, diameter of stalk, fresh and dry weight of leaves, number of leaves significantly at P<0.01 more than side dressing. Although side dressing of potassium also increased the plant growth to some extent more than control, however, number of cormels per plant was decreased. Therefore, it can be concluded that application of potassium by fol...
Jun Yan Bai*, Zhi Hao Dong, Yu Chen, Jing Yun Li, Ying Lei, You Bing Yang, Kun Peng Shi and Xue Yan Fu
...ail and Korean quail, number of eggs, total egg weight and laying rate begin to soar up with the increase of age from the 8th week to 12th week. Such growth rate declines gradually with the increase of age from the 12th week to the 15th week. The best regression equation for the number of eggs of Beijing white quail, Korean quail and Chinese yellow quail to week-age were: Y=-12.153...
Basharat Ahmed1, Muhammad Hamza Azhar2, Farah R. Shakoori1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,3,*
...patients. The highest number of strains was isolated in summer (30.8 %) followed by in autumn (25.3 %) and in spring (22.6 %). The lowest number of strains was isolated in winter (21.2 %). The isolates showed highest resistance against carbenicillin followed by ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, streptomycin, amoxicillin, amikacin, ceftizoxime, tetracycline, erythromycin and nalidixic acid. The isolates showed least resistance agai...
Aysha Riaz* and Said Wahab
...ients namely proteins, fibers and minerals. Keeping in view the nutritional importance of moringa leaves powder, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of moringa leaves enrichment on the overall quality of whole wheat flour biscuits. Composite flours were made by incorporating moringa leaves powder in different ratios (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) in whole wheat flour. Biscuits were prepared from the composite flours and were analyzed for physical...
Muhammad Farooq1*, Allah Rakha2,Jawad Ul Hassan2, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi1, A. Shakoor3, Muhammad Bakhtiar4, Muhammad Noman Khan5,Shoaib Khan5, Ibrar Ahmad6, Shabir Ahmed7 andWang Yunyang1*
 

...ffect on ash and crude fiber were significant when 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% mushroom powder based muffin were prepared. The effect of mushroom powder supplementations on loaf weight of muffin was significant and resulted in gradual decrease. However, the effect on loaf volume of muffins was non-significant. The effects of mushroom powder on texture and color value of muffin were highly significant. The results of sensory evaluation showed that muffin prepared...
Arshad Bhat1*, Masudul H. Wani1, Shabir A. Wani2, Abid Qadir3, Iqra Qureshi4 and Abid Sultan2
 

...e results reveal that number of sprays are positively affecting the defensive expenses and is having a negative relationship between educational attainment and defensive expenses but a positive relationship between willing to pay for purchase of biodegradable packages of pesticides and educational attainment. Likewise, gender of the respondent was also found to be having a positive relation with purchase of biodegradable bags.
...
Tanay Dineshkumar Shah
 

... source of protein and fiber and have very low calories and low cholesterol. Days are not far when mushrooms will be a regular alternative to vegetables for many vegetarians. India is having a favorable environmental condition to grow mushrooms. Hence various varieties of mushrooms are grown in different regions of India. However, the per capita consumption of mushroom in India is very less as compared to other countries though mushroom has many health benefit...

Mustasim Famous1*, Asim Chakrabartty Aditya2, Shahabuddin Ahmed3 and Sabuj Sutradhar2

...es. The average age of puberty of L×F, L×SL and L×S crossbred cattle were 23.7, 26.5 and 29.5 months, respectively. The average age at first fertile service for L×F, L×SL and L×S crossbreds’ cattle were 24.2, 27.0 and 31.0 months, respectively. The highest gestation length was 285 days and it was for L×S crossbred cattle. The lowest gestation length was 273 days and it was for L×F crossbred cattle. The high...

Naveed Wahid Awan1, Asif Ali Abro2* and Ahmed Raza ul Mustafa3

...d, use of fertilizer, number of tube-wells and their respective prices. It was observed that Punjab province holds tops position with respect to the factors analyzed in the study. In regression analysis, the climatic index was found negative and significant, whereas agricultural accessories are positive and have a significant relationship with dependent variables. This study recommends to rationalize the use of fertilizer and energy consumption that negatively...

Ali Zaman1, Nabila Roohi1 and Muhammad Irfan2*

...ili Ravi buffaloes. Prepubertal Nili Ravi female buffaloes (N=18) of 10-12 months age in good health condition were divided into five treatment groups (n=3 each) and a control group (n=3). Treatment groups’ animals were exposed to P. multocida bacterial culture and its immunogens, i.e., LPS (oral and intravenous) and OMP (oral and subcutaneous). Animals were analyzed for the development of clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry. All treatment ...

Arshad Mehmood Khattak1, Saleem Ullah1*, Farida Anjum2, Hamid U. Shah1 and Sahib Alam1

...igh in Lawaghar, Crude fiber (6.60) in KK-2, Crude protein in Chattan (7.87) while Crude fat (2.22) was high in KK-1. Among the edible parts, Moisture (85.54) and Ash (3.54) were high in Green grains while Crude fiber (6.38), Crude protein (8.29) and Crude fat (1.99) were maximum in Tender leaves. Mineral (mgKg-1) content of the cultivars showed that Na (38.3), Pb (0.30) and Cu (0.09) were high in Sheenghar, Cr (0.36), Ni (0...

Muhammad Musa1*, Muhammad Riaz Gondal2, Aaqib Riaz3, Sikander Hayat2 and Iftikhar Haider1

...tal income ha-1 of three berseem varieties and to enhance the production through management of harvesting at Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan during three rabi seasons from 2015 to 2018. The experiment was arranged in split plot design with three replications. Berseem varieties (Super Late, Agaiti Berseem, Punjab Berseem) were kept in main plots and last cutting dates (10thMarch, 20th March, 30th March, 10th April and 20th April) were kept in sub-...

Raza Ullah Khan1*, Ahmad Khan1, Mohammad Zameer Khan1, Fayyaz Hussain1, Zafar Islam2 and Muhammad Asad Hameed2

...ends at different wavenumbers while elemental analysis show existence of different macro and micro nutrients which can be used to supplement the plant needs for nutrients by incorporation of humic substances along with commercial inorganic fertilizers. Though findings in this study showed KOH as cost effective extractant vis a vis NaOH. However, further characterization could not confirm it. The presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature of sites could be ...

Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1*, Muhammad Aslam Panhwar1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio1, Muhammad Saleem Sarki1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi1, and Niaz Ahmed Wahocho2

...Zn concentration in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Silder) at Nasarpur, Sindh, Pakistan during 2015-16. The foliar rates comprised of 33, 66, and 99 mg Zn L-1 (equivalent to 100, 200 and 300 mg ZnSO4 L-1) and distilled water (control treatment) and sprayed to strawberry plants before flower initiation. A continual increase in number of leaves, number

Muhammad Arslan Ibrahim1*, Aneeqa Aleem2, Farkhanda Manzoor2, Shahbaz Ahmad1, Hafiz Muhammad Zahid Anwar1, Talia Aroob2 and Mansoor Ahmad3 

...ged properly. A large number of survivors could enhance the number of individuals in the next generation. 

...

Manzoor Hussain Memon1, Khalid Khan2, Anjum Parvez3, Sarfaraz Ahmed Shaikh4, Khan Mir Khan2, Guo Xiangyu5*, Mohammad Nasrullah6 and Saima Liaqat7

...s in district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by evaluating profitability of various actors involved in the poultry industry. The total of 200 farmers, commission agents and consumers were surveyed using multistage sampling technique. Building on quantitative industry figures the study also highlighted various qualitative problems and factors which are responsible for the production, and profitability of the poultry industry in the district. The results of the stud...

Fazal Wahid1, Arif Ullah Shah1, Muhammad Rahim2*, Fazal Dad1, Nadir Khan1, Saqib Ullah1, Yasir Ali1 and Sayed Ashfaq Ali Shah3

...a, district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. To solubilize the targeted metals from selected soil samples, a wet digestion procedure was adopted. The targeted metals in selected soil samples were in the ranges of: 1.37-2.00, 28.91-29.50, 1.62-1.82, 1.22-1.179 and 0.07-0.112 mg/kg for Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb and Co, respectively. Increasing order of these heavy metals in soil samples were found as: Plum’s farm soil Co < Cr< Ni < Pb < Fe, Peach&r...
Li Shengqing1,2,3, Zhang Xiyun2,3, Liu Shengcai2,3, Hu Guoyuan2, Fan Yuxia2,Liu Huaixin2, Wang Tingting2 and Zhang Yanming1*
...thod and the improved Karber method. The ability of the toxin to prevent and control rodent damage is assessed through plot experiments. The safety of type D botulinum toxin toward nontarget animals, such as yaks, Tibetan sheep, dogs, vultures, and birds, is also tested. Results show that the toxin is encoded by a type D botulinum neurotoxin gene. The DNA and amino acid sequences of the full neurotoxin gene comprise 3831 base pairs and 1276 amino acid residues...
Muhammad Naveed1, Asif Nadeem1,2*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Fahad Bhutta3 and Ruqayya Bint Khalid1
...helial cells. It is a member of placental lactogen (PL) and interferon-tau (IFN-τ) signal pathway. It is also the main mediator of growth hormone. When cells encounter growth hormones and cytokines, STAT5A is activated to regulate gene transcription. STA5A has an important role in fertilization, embryonic survival and milk production traits in farm animals. The genomic characterization of STAT5A gene has not been assessed before in Nili Ravi Buffalo...
Sara Sultan Alomran1, Muhammad Nasir Khan Khattak1,2, Amir Ali Khan1,2*, Sallam Hasan Abdallah2, Abeer Maher Fayyad1 and Khalid Bajou1,2
... in lipid content and number of lipid droplets. While AKT3 is reported to be a target of miR-22-3p, our study indicated otherwise. Moreover, while miR-22-3p is known to target more than 500 genes, MAPK has not been identified as one of the more than 500 gene targets of miR-22-3p, though this pathway was upregulated in transfected iMSC3 that differentiated to adipocytes. Finally, miR-22-3p was observed to suppress adipocytes and was involved in adipocyte differ...
Xinjian Wang1,2, Eryan Yang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*
...f Huangpi Lake from November 2012 to February 2013. Wintering individuals and water levels were surveyed every day. Instantaneous scan and focal animal sampling was conducted to collect the behavior data. Foraging behavior is the major behavior in the wintering period, followed by rest behavior and vigilance behavior. In daily activity rhythms, the trough and peaks of foraging behavior appeared in the morning (09:00-10:00 h) and evening(16:00-17:00 h), which i...
Arsalan Rasheed1, Tahir Usman2,*, Sadaf Niaz1, Irfan Khattak2, Saira Gul2, Nawab Ali1,Naimat Ullah Khan2, Hazrat Ali2, and Mian Saeed Sarwar2
...in Wuhan (China) in December 2019. Studies revealed that reservoir of all the three fatal coronaviruses was bat with variation in the intermediate host i.e. civet cats for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, dromedary camel for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and bat or pangolin for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2. Numerous well-known corona viruses are circulating in animals that have not yet infected humans, while previously identified viruses could only...

Muhammad Junaid*, Musharaf Ahmad and Saifullah

...hile maximum (89.72%) number of plants survived for 1% amendments concentration. Significantly high number (87.22) of plants survived for green manure as compared to FYM with 78.47. C2 amended was found to be best with lowest (1.19) disease ratings. Significantly higher (i.e. 1.75 and 1.89) disease was observed for C1 and C3 amended soils. FYM was better as it produced significantly less (1.14) disease as compared to green m...

Hira Soofi, Abdul Rasool Abbasi and Arifa Bhutto

...icule shape and size, numbers and arrangement of caudal papillae, posterior end with 3 rectal gland and large spine at tip, genital structure of female. The name of new species Contracaecum malhi refers to the name of host wallago attu from which the specimens of new species were collected.

...
J.Y. Bai1,*, R.T.D. Wu2,*, Q. Zhang2, D. Bao2, L.M. Dao2 and X.H. Tian3
...ts indicated that the number of effective alleles of the four Bactrian camel varieties ranged from 2.7302 to 3.0524, and average theoretical heterozygosity and average polymorphic information content were 0.6283 and 0.5546, respectively. Observational heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content of Qinghai Bactrian camel were all higher than those of the other three varieties, being 0.8922, 0.6490 and 0.5813, respectively, so Qin...
Naimat Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Hassan Saleem2, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Shafee3, Ayesha Hassan2, Mumtaz Ali Khan2 and Nadeem Rashid3
...districts of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A total of 1440 fecal samples were collected from goats, 120 samples per month from each of 3 districts for twelve months. Identification of oocysts was done through conventional acid fast ZN staining. Prevalence in District Bannu was 48/480 (10%) followed by District Lakki Marwat12.08 % and in Kohat 19.16 %, respectively. Overall prevalence in three Districts was 13.75%. The highest month wise percent ...
Khurram Goraya1,*, Qais ALRawahi1, Sultan ALBalushi1, Hani ALSaadi1, Sami ALRahbi1, Zahir ALAlawi1, Muhammad Hammad Hussain2 and Madad Hussain1
... WWR. During July to October 2019, fifty mortalities were observed at WWR. These mortalities consisted of 10 Arabian oryx and 40 Sand gazelles. All carcasses were subjected to the detailed post-mortem (PM) examination to find out the potential cause of death. Fatal injuries caused by fighting were the major cause of deaths (n=17, 34%) followed by cyclone related deaths (n=10, 20%), pneumonia (n=8, 16%), old age (n=4, 8%), impaction of stomach caused by foreign...
Celalettin Gözüaçık1, Ecevit Eyduran2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3*
...em from plant height, number of eggs per cluster, number of egg clusters at the plant stem, and location as potential predictors. In the prediction of height of eggs, CHAID (Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection) and MARS (Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines) algorithms were implemented for describing egg laying behaviour of the alfalfa weevil and giving an idea on minimizing loss of the fields, in practice. In con...

Bushra Baig and Saeeda Yousaf*

... against reduction in number of whitefly and aphids.

...

Imran Ullah Khan*, Noor Ul Amin, Sayyed Hamad Ahmad Shah, Maqsood Khan, Shehzad Ahmad and Syed Aizaz Ali Shah

...g, plant height (cm), number of leaves plant-1, leaf area (cm2), number of branches plant-1, number of flower plant-1, diameter of flower (cm), fresh flower weigh (g), flower stalk length (cm) and flower vase life. The above mentioned parameters are highly influenced by most of humic acid levels. The increment value were shown on humic acid at the rate of 10 kg ha ‑1 for days to flowerin...

Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Hamid Bashir2, Shah Najaf Mukhtar1, Muhammad Arshad1, Nimra Altaf1

...dant species. Maximum numbers of mite specimens (12056 numbers) were collected from tehsil Sargodha, while minimum specimens (6499 numbers) were recorded from tehsil Sahiwal. The results are discussed concerning the abundance of mites that are the major citrus pests and dominant predacious mite species as candidates for biological control of various arthropods in Sargodha citrus. 

Aioub Sofizadeh1, Ehsan Allah Kalteh2, Shahin Saeedi3, Mulood Mohammadi Bavani4*

...ethods from May to September, 2019. Then, the specimens were put into a 75% alcohol-containing plastic bottle. Finally, the specimens were identified using a valid identification key. Distribution maps were prepared using ArcGIS (Ver 10.4.). A total of 111 scorpion samples were captured. All the samples belonged to the Buthidae family, including Mesobuthus eupeus (97.3%), Orthochirus farzanpayi (0.9%), and Mesobuthus caucasicus (1.8%). M. eupeus had the highes...

Jabeen Farheen1,2*, Simeen Mansoor1 and Maria Abid1

...nt kinds of chromosomal aberrations in which allura red significantly induced the highest frequencies of abnormal prophase, sticky metaphase, c-mitosis, sticky anaphase, and laggard anaphase at each concentration. While, dislocated metaphase, forwarded anaphase, and bridge anaphase were only found in sunset yellow, tartrazine, and fast green, respectively. The use of evaluated FCAs especially allura red in foodstuff, cosmetics, and skincare products can cause ...

Umar Farooq1, Muhammad Akmal1, Qadeer Ahmad2, Zahid Akram2, Adnan Arshad3, Huma Qamar4*, Hafeez Ullah5, Muhammad Zubair4 and Muhammad Rizwan Khurshid4

...y biofortification. A number of human populations are iron deficient which leads to various health issues. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of iron-enriched organic amendments such as biochar, compost and poultry manure in soil for Fe-biofortification of Mung bean (Vigna radiata). Application of Iron-enriched poultry manure at the rate of 8 mgkg-1 of dry soil weight gave higher Fe concentration (3.32 mgkg-1) in grains. The lowest concentratio...

Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Abdul Waheed, M. Abbas Khan, Imtiaz Ahmad, Shamsul Islam, Basharat Hussain Shah, Sohail Aslam and Qamar uz Zaman

...on plant height (PH), number of branches per plant (NBP), number of leaves per plant (NLP), stem diameter (SD), main root length (MRL), root diameter (RD), number of lateral roots per plant (NLRP), dry shoot weight (DRW) and dry root weight (DRW). The highest plant height (78.66 cm) was produced by clone BP2-2, followed by Clones BP1-4, BP1-3, BP3-1 and BP2-5 with plant height of 70.46, 67...

Halil Erhan Eroglu

...rmula designed by the number of chromosome types is S/AI = (1 × M) + (2 × SM) + (3 × A) + (4 × T) / 2n. The S/AI value varies from 1.0000 (full symmetric) to 4.0000 (full asymmetric). After a detailed literature review, the chromosomal data of 36 female species and 32 male species of family Cervidae were detected, namely (i) karyotype formulae, (ii) symmetry/asymmetry index values (iii) karyotype types. According to the chromosomal data...
Imran Tarique1*, Muhammad Ghiasuddin Shah1, Illahi Bux Kalhoro1
Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani2, Mansoor Tariq 2, Jamil Ahmed Gandahi1
Saqib Ali Fazlani3 and Benazir Sahito3
...collagen and reticular fibers. Superficial dermal papillary layer was located beneath the epidermis, whereas dermal reticular layer deeper above the hypodermis. The papillary and reticular dermis was well developed in adult male age group with abundant areolar and dense irregular connective tissue all skin regions. Skin appendages (sebaceous and sweat gland, and hair follicle) was well developed and distributed in papillary and reticular layer in adult ...
Tariq Mahmood1*, Luqman Ullah Khan1 and Muhammad Naeem2
...rk, District Nowhere, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistanfrom September 2017 to July 2018. Data were collected fortnightly applying Point Count Method. Visits to the study area were made in the morning (6:30 am to 9:30 am) and in the evening (3:30 pm to 6:30 pm). Results showed a total of 51 bird species belonging to 10 orders and 27 families inhabiting the study area, including both summer and winter visitors. The order Passerifor...
Muhammad Afnan Rabbi, Iqtidar Hussain*, Ejaz Ahmed, Muhammad Saad and Aitezaz Ali Asad Shahani
...), spike length (cm), number of tillers, weight of 1000 grains (g), number of grains spike-1, biological yield (kg ha-1), yield of grain (kg ha-1), yield of straw (kg ha-1), productivity score and harvest index were significant in different doses of N and P2O5 with different levels of NAA. Maximum grain yield and yield contributing parameters were acquired from fertilizer dose of 180 N and 120 P2O5 and PGR level (50 ml NAA h...

Syed Ismat Hussain1, Muhammad Ramzan Asi1, Habbib Anwar1, Faqeer Ahmad1, Ateeq ur Rehman2*, Muhammad Shahid3, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Ummad ud Din Umar2, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4, Memuna Ijaz1 and Hafiz Usman Shakir1

...catches from July to October, in all the tested ecological zones. The percentage flower and boll damage in the control fields was significantly higher than those in the PB ropes fields. There were no significant differences in moth catches, rosette flower percentage or left over boll damage %age among different Tehsils and varieties. However significant differences were observed in boll damages among Tehsils and varieties. Our studies showed significantly lowe...

Tanweer Fatah Abro1, Asif Ali Kaloi1, Jay Kumar Sootaher1*, Piar Ali Shar1, Tarique Ahmed Baloch2, Tanveer Ali Soomro1, Muhammad Saleem Chang3, Kirshan Kumar Menghwar1 and Waqar Hussain Shah4

...rphological, yield and fiber quality related traits in upland cotton. Significant differences were observed among genotypes, parents, F4 populations and parents x F4 populations for all the studied attributes which articulated greater genetic variation in the breeding material. Heritability estimates were moderate to high for all the traits. The F4 population CRIS-134 x FH-113 displayed the highest heritability estimates for plant height (95.24%). The maximum ...

Arjun Bastola1*, Sachet Subedi2 and Malatee Bastola3

...iameter while maximum number of rows per cob were noted in CP-858 genotype. Higher number of grains per rows was recorded in Rampur hybrid-10 genotype. Rampur hybrid-10 genotype had more shelling percentage but sterility percentage was lower. Highest grain yield was obtained from CP-858 followed by Rampur hybrid-10 and the lowest from Rampur composite. Hybrid developed in Nepal (i.e. Rampur hybrid-10) had shown better perfor...

Imtiaz Ahmed*, Naveed Ahmed, Abdul Waheed, Muhammad Abbass Khan, Noorullah Khan and Fayyaz Ahmed

...he months of April-September, 2019. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having three replications. There were 45 plants in each replication. The treatments comprises of two growing methods i.e. vertical growing method and horizontal method which was assigned to the main-plot and two direction of sowings i.e. east to west and north to south which were allotted to the sub-plot. The results of the exp...

Saba Aleem1*, Iram Sharif2, Mehvish Tahir3, Muhammad Najeebullah3, Ali Nawaz1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Amina Batool1 and Waheed Arshad1 

...uly as compared to September sowing). Under the early sown condition, the high temperature was experienced by the plants during the curd development stage. Heat tolerance ability of the genotypes was assessed by their ability to curd induction and development at high temperature and also based on different physiological traits. Heat susceptible genotypes showed lengthened curd induction stage. Further, decrease in chlorophyll and osmoprotectants contents was a...
Iqra Muzammil1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Amjad Islam Aqib2,*, Ambreen Ashar3Syed Ashar Mahfooz1, Sajjad ur Rahman4, Muhammad Shoaib4, Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Imran Khan Sohrani1, Javeed Ahmad1, Razaullah Saqi1, Fizzah Laeeq Lodhi1 and
Qaisar Tanveer5
...S. aureus, higher number of potential risk factors, and diversified responses to antibiotic.
...

Muhamamd Rizwan1*, Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Kashif3, Aneela Zameer Durrani4, Asghar Abbas5, Tanveer Ahmad6, Muhammad Nadeem7 , Kinza Khan8

...SPR locus allows to remember, diagnose and clear the viral infection by the mechanism of sequence specific Adaptive Immunity. CRISPR Cas system is sustainable to combate with the mutation developed in viral genome that help viruses to escape from bacterial CRISPR Cas based immune system. CRISPR Cas system is a molecular mechanism of prokaryotic microorganism. It acts as bacterial natural adaptive immune system against phages, plasmids and foreign genomic eleme...

Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Abdul Moeez1, Humaira Ramzan1, Mudassar Hafeez1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Aneela Riaz3, Sher Muhammad4 and Muhammad Latif4

... cm), fertile tillers number per spike (6), 1000-grain weight (21.76 g), shoot fresh biomass (25.62 g) and shoot dry matter (12.86 g) were found under saline environment when maximum concentration of Si was applied i.e. 100 µg Si/g and least values were obtained when no Si was applied. Thus, application of Si as higher concentration (100 µg Si/g soil) proved superior to mitigate harmful effects of salts on rice plants.

...

Muhammad Rafique1, Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar2, Muhammad Jan2 and Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2

... in Punjab (Pothwar), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balouchistan. Few areas of these regions are considered suitable for its commercial cultivation, where minimum temperature occurs between 10oC and 12oC during end March before olive flowering. In recent past, mass scale olive plantation over an area of 10,000 acres was done in these parts of the country. So, in order to ensure the sustainability of olive orchard development in Pakistan, a research trial was conducte...

Hajira Nur-ul-Islam1, Ahmed Zia2*, Khurshaid Khan1, Hirad Ali3 and Abdul Aziz3

...rom district Swabi of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Out of 33 sampling sites, specimens of S. hypomelas were found from a single locality of the district. Identification of the specimens was done at National Insect Museum, Islamabad. Detailed description including synonyms, differential characters for the species, previous global records, habitat description, measurements of body parts and ecological data for the positive localities are provided. With the addit...

Habiba ur Rehman, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar and Waqas Raza

... 35.00 and 47.33 cm), number of leaves/plant (6.33, 7.67 and 11.33), minimum disease incidence (12.33, 11.12 and 10.13 %), minimum disease severity (26.80, 24.67 and 11.37 %) and maximum plant survival (89.62, 94.35 and 98.37%) at 15, 30 and 45 days after treatment, respectively. The application of Success @ 6mM was also good but lowers than the Nativo. The poor performance and maximum disease incidence and disease severity were recorded from the controlled po...

Chala Hailu Hussen and Fikiru Temesgen Geleta

...e like owning a large number of livestock was negatively affecting participation decision. Further, institutional service factors like the acquisition of awareness and frequency of extension contact positively affecting participation decision; however, obtaining training had a negative effect. Generally, farm household’s internal factors and external factors affecting cluster crop production. Therefore, intensive support for program implementation can be...

Amjed Ali1, Kamran Arooj1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1­, Muhammad Imran1,2, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz3 and Muhammad Fraz Ali4

...n, plant height (cm), number of pod bearing branches per plant, number of grains per pod,1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (kg ha-1), biological yield (kg ha-1) and harvest index (%) of mungbean were recorded by using standrd procedure. Results of experiment revealed that sowing date of 1st march and varity AZRI-2006 result in maximum leaf area index (3.43), leaf area duration (24.14), plant height (74.067cm), num

Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal1*, Saghir Ahmad1, Athar Mahmood2, Muhammad Akram1, Hammad Husnain1, Muhammad Shahid1, Saeed Ahmad1, Ali Raza1, Ansar Hussain3, Allah Ditta Abid4, Qaisar Abbas5, Mussarrat Hussain5, Muhammad Akram6 and Muhammad Umair Hassan2

... seed cotton yield and fiber strength was more when cotton was planted early between 1st March to 16th April compared to late planted cotton (1st May to 16th June). Highest seed cotton yield was obtained when cotton was sown on 1st April during first year (3946 kg ha-1) and 16th March during second year (3307 kg ha-1). Minimum seed cotton yield (852, 299 kg ha-1) during both years was obtained when cotton was sown on 16th June. Among cotton genotypes highest s...
Zhi Wang1*, Wenhua Liu2 and FadaoTai3
...varied greatly in the number of daily activity bouts showing bimodal patterns in winter, trimodal patterns in spring and summer, even tetramodal patterns in autumn. It is possible that they are the most active in autumn and they reduce activity times per bout in winter to reduce energy loss arising from prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, as a survival strategy. Squirrels were observed for a total of 1680 h, they devoted 65.71% ± 1.64 of time to re...

Mian Muhammad Arif* and Malik Muhammad Shafi

... in central region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A total of 105 sample broiler poultry farms were selected through random sampling technique and data were collected for 483 flocks by means of interview schedule. Descriptive statistics was used for general analysis, while budgetary technique was used for profitability analysis. Ordinary Leased Square (OLS) technique was employed to find the effect of different inputs on profit of broiler poultry farms. The ANOVA tool ...

Fazal Subhan1,2, Abdul Malik1, Zia Ul Haq1 and Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,3*

...med at Mardan region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, during 2018-19 with the objectives to evaluate the effect of different furrow irrigation techniques and deficit irrigation on cauliflower yield and water use efficiency (WUE). Three furrow irrigation techniques; alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), fixed furrow irrigation (FFI), and conventional furrow irrigation (CFI) techniques with three levels of irrigation; full irrigation, 80% of full irrigation (DI20), a...

Kiran Shahjeer1*, Gauhar Rehman1, Khurshaid Khan1 and Toheed Iqbal2

...lains in the South of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan was conducted during 2017-2020. Area was surveyed and collection of worker ants from the area was hired by using pitfall traps, aspirator and hand picking with the help of forceps. The study revealed that three species belonging to genus Lepisiota as a major outcome of this taxonomic study. The species include L. frauenfeldi, L. simplex, L. opaca and its sub-species L. o. pulchella. Among them two s...

Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Imran Khatri1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Arfan Ahmed Gilal1

...2 = Tracer) had least number of infested fruits (29.75±2.69) while in combine treatments, the most effective treatment was T16 (Tracer + Protein hydrolysate + cuelure + T. daci) with 2.00±0.41 infested fruits. Moreover, the highest punctures fruit-1 were recorded in control plot (23.25±2.21) cultivated with Bottle gourd whereas, the least punctures were found in bitter ground (1.05±0.38) cultivated plot. On the basis of results obta...

Summara Abbasi* and Khalid Nawab

... based on the average number of livestock population i.e 2-3 heads per household, for dairy production. A structured and pretested interview schedule was used to collect the primary data from randomly selected 333 respondents. For analysis of data descriptive statistics and binary logistic model was used through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and STATA. Information about dairy practices was studied and percentages recorded, about 70% of the...

Mehnaz Safdar1, Urooba Pervaiz1* and Dawood Jan2

...ing in rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)-Pakistan. Three districts namely Bannu, Swabi and Swat from KP were purposively selected and a sample size of 384 women farmers were selected through multistage sampling technique. Descriptive analysis revealed that 305 women farmers were involved in rearing poultry. A 5 point Likert scale was used, showed that women farmers had various constraints out of which Pardah, mobility and lack of information source were r...

Barış Bayraklı

...o other months. In September, the crude fat rate (1.07%) was found to be the lowest, and in August, moisture was the highest. Among the essential amino acids (EAA) determined during the study, lysine reached the highest value each month followed by leucine and isoleucine, respectively. On the other hand, among the non-essential amino acids (NEAA), aspartic acid and glutamic acid were the highest each month followed by glycine and alanine, respectively. The mea...
Assefa Tessema Tecklie1*, Abebe Getahun Gubale1, Seyoum Mengistou Yilma1, Tadesse Fetahi Hailu1 and Eshete Dejen Diresilign2
...between January and December, 2018. The objectives of the study were to assess fishing activities and the impact of fishing on the Nile tilapia fish species in Lake Hayq. A total of 198 fishermen selected randomly from Kebeles bordering Lake Hayq were used as respondents for structured questionnaires. In addition to this, 30 fish traders and 8 fish hotel owners specialized in fish dish were used as key informants. The average age of fishermen was around 36 whi...

Muhammad Qaddafi Khan Wali, Arif Alam* and Ikram Shah

...as led and an all-out number of 351 sampled households were reached through a simple random sampling strategy using a structured questionnaire as a tool for collecting data and used for various factors responsible for food security status and the affect they have on food security at the household level. We used binary regression analysis to identify factors affecting food security in the target area. This investigation discloses that 90 % of the sampled househ...

Sagir Hussain*, Qamar Abbas, Abdur Razzaq and Sher Wali Khan

...eterodera avenae Wollenweber, 1924; H. mani Mathews,1971; H. schachtii Schmidt, 1871 and H. zeae Koshy, Swarup and Sethi, 1971 were detected from all four districts.

...

Ayaz Ahmed* and Muhammad Zulfiqar

... local communities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Purposively three forest divisions had been selected namely Swat, Kalam and Siran of Malakand and Hazara forest regions. The study based on cross sectional data. Data were collected from 321 randomly selected households in three JFM (experimental group) and nearby three non-JFM (control group) villages, located in the same forest-ecological and socio-economic settings. The study analyzed the effects of JFM on...

Shaista Shafi* and Amjad Farooq

...ea) were seeded from October to November at different dates (Octo 20, Nov 05, Nov 20) in RCBD design (Randomized Complete Block Design) with standard cultivation procedures to detect the effect of sowing date on Brevicoryne brassicae population. Data were noted weekly and evaluated statistically. The ANOVA revealed highly significant effects of drill dates and species on Brevicoryne brassicae populations, while brassica spec...

Tahseen Ullah* and Noorul Amin

...text-align: justify;">Berberis (Berberis lycium L.) locally know as Kora in hilly area of upper Swat is an important medicinal plant. An investigation to find out the effect of rooting hormones and types of stem cutting on the rooting of Berberis (Berberis lycium L.) was conducted at Horticulture Research Institute, National Agriculture Research Centre, ...

Gulnaz Parveen1*, Naila Mukhtar2, Shumaila Irum3 and Nain Bukhari4

..., eggplant, turnip, cucumber, round gourd, cauliflower, and chilli. These losses result in about a 30% reduction in the yield of these vegetables. By reducing the post-harvest losses, it could be possible to overcome the need of food as the world population is in dare need of research relating to crop sustainability.

...

Saddar Faheem1,2, Hameeda Kalhoro1, Naeem Tariq Narejo1*, Muhammad Hanif Chandio3, Memon Samina4, Shahnaz Rashid5 and Ghulam Abbas5*

...y, 2017 and winter: November, 2017 to January, 2018. Haematological characteristics of the fish specimens were considered season and sex wise separately. Results showed that erythrocytes (2.09 × 106 to 2.26 × 106), leucocytes (164.90 × 103 to145.55 × 103) and haemoglobin (10.34 g/100 ml to 7.06 g/100 ml) concentration were significantly higher in male fish during summer and winter than that of female. In female fish, erythrocyte sedimen...
Nilgun Dogan1,* and Hakan Adanacioglu2
...oss production value, number of hives and variable costs. Improvement suggestions for outputs and inputs are directed towards reduction of all variables except gross production value.
...
Zeynep Sonmez1 and Memis Ozdemir2,*
...re determined. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test generally shown that the distribution of genotype frequencies in polymorphic regions is in genetic equilibrium.
...

Huma Qamar1, Mariam Hassan1, Muhammad Zubair1*, Adnan Arshad2, Muhammad Qusain Saeed3, Muhammad Umar3, Sundas Shahzad1, Tariq Mahmood1 and Muhammad Aftab1

.... Correlation between numbers of branches and days required for flowering was positive, while negative association of branches’ number was observed with days required for maturity and the obtained yield of a plant. Positive association was expressed between days required for flowering and days required for maturity. Negative association was observed in days required for flowering and the obtained yield from a plant. Po...

Ahmed A. Kheder

...xt-align: justify;">Strawberry latent ring spot virus (SLRSV) is an important virus which is responsible for considerable losses in horticulture and vegetable crops production including strawberry plants. SLRSV was detected and characterized using serological (DAS-ELISA), biological and molecular diagnostic techniques. Virus incidence was performed in different locations in five governorates during 2018-2020. Forty-one sampl...

Iftikhar Jan* and Sahib Alam

...B, AEZ-C and AEZ-D of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The mycological analysis of the samples demonstrated that the highest population of Aspergillus section Flavi was existed in soil (n = 236) than in maize grain samples (n = 198). Across all the four zones, the highest population of Aspergillus section Flavi was observed in AEZ-C (n = 115) whereas the lowest population was found in AEZ-B (n= 99). The isolates of Aspergillus section Flavi were t...

Shahzad Khan1*, Munir Khan1, Arif Alam2, Ikram Shah2, Mahfooz Khan1 and Fida Muhammad Khan1

...n district Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in the year 2018. Three villages, namely, Aspandehri, Kamran Kalay and Sarfaraz Kalay, were purposively selected. A sample size of 41 wheat growers from farm households was chosen from these villages for data collection. Thus, selection of the farmers was based on the proportional allocation technique. However, primary data were randomly collected through face to face interview from the selected respondents wi...
Samina Tahir Kiani1, Abdul Rauf1, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,*, Nuzhat Shafi1, Madiha Khalid2, Naeem Latif1, Samina Gul2, Saghir Yousaf3 and Muhammad Arshad4

 Ramadan, F. Abbas1;H.M.Salem1; M.H. Belal2, and A. M. M. Abd-Alla3*

...on homogenizing large number of house fly adults collected from
field, clarify and concentrate the filtrate by centrifugation with 1400 g
and 28000 g respectively, resuspend the pellet in Tris buffer, sterile by
0.45-μm syringe filter and inject to house fly adults maintained in
laboratory colony, leads to the detection and isolation of this virus from
Egypt. Injection of filtrate induced SGH sympt...

Muhammad Akhtar1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2*, Kaiser Latif Cheema1, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid1, Amir Amin1, Javed Anwar Shah1, Zeeshan Qadeer1 and Zeshan Ali3

...ins possessing higher number of pods plant-1, more root length and maximum grain weight were comparatively least susceptible to moisture stress along with higher yield potential. Results regarding drought indices also indicated that relatively higher DTE, less DSI and minimum yield reduction percentage were revealed by KK-10001, KK-10015, KK-10019 and Bhakkar-2011. Therefore, these advance lines possess best genetic constitution for moisture stress tolerance a...

Ghulam Murtaza1*, Muhammad Ramzan2, Assad Ullah3, Abid Ali5, Ayesha Zafar3, Rukhsar Beanish3, Ahmad Ali4, Ghulam Mustafa4 and Mudassar Aslam4 

...resulted that maximum number of pupae (125.34) were formed in guava fruit exposed to B. zonata followed by banana (104.12), citrus (98.65), fig (84.34) and apple fruit (34.27). The adult emergence percentage was maximum in guava (79.26%) and banana (70.56%) host followed by citrus (65.44%), fig (57.61%) and apple fruit (53.51%) respectively. The study concluded that guava was the most preferred and suitable host for oviposition. Furthermore, the oviposition pr...
El-Dougdoug K.A.1, Sofy A.R.2, Rehab A. Dawoud3 and Korkar H.M.4
...and roots
number were recorded with 40 and 50gm sucrose conc.especially at 15°C for 12
months will higher shoot length were recorded with 60 and 70% sucrose at 15°C.
All survival shoot tips at 1st subculture recultured on fresh modified MS media
revealed viability and resumed growth within three weeks. These plantlets were
tested against BBTV by DAS-ELISA. The highest plantlets virus free perc...
Mandour, A. M. 1, Abdel Maksoud, H. M. 2, Amal, A. Khalil 3 and Mohga, A. El-Tahlawey 4
...ing Indirect ELISA. A number of cultural practices were
evaluated as control measures against MDMV to minimize the virus
infection in maize crop.
...

Enas K. Abo-Elmagd,Kouka S. Abd El-Wahab,Azza H. El- Salakawy

...e period from May to October 2012. Their age ranged from six to twenty four months. They were 47 males and 26 females. Stool specimens were collected from all cases. These specimens were processed according to the manufacturer’s instructions for RV diagnosis. Out of the 73 tested specimens, 14 (19.2%) and 15 (20.5%) gave positive results for RV antigen by LFIC and ELISA respectively while 18 (24.7%) gave positive results for RV–RNA by nested RT-PCR...

Hala K. Abdelmegeed 1, Eman M. Abohatab 1, Khattab,O. M. 1 , Salem, S.A.H. 1 , Arafa, A. 2, Nashwa M. Helmy 3

...outbreaks in period November 2013 –July 2014 the season Autumn and winter for forming an Epidemiological map for 10 governorates of the circulating strains during this period
...

Nelson D. Zambrano1, Wilber Arteaga1, José Velasquez2 and Dorys T. Chirinos1*

... for the production of fiber for the textile industry and is attacked by different insect pests, therefore it is produced with frequent pesticide applications. Research was conducted to evaluate the effect of lambda cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam on the incidence of insect pests and its associated natural enemies. Results revealed that populations of B. tabaci were higher in plots treated with lambda cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam associated with low levels of parasit...

Aya El-Turkey1, A. K. El-Attar1, A. E. Aboulata1, B. Othman2 and K. A. El-dougdoug2

.... HSV-2gD fragment was liberated from 1 μg recombinant plasmid by using the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. HSV-2gD was successfully sub-cloned into binary plant expression vector PBI-121. HSV-2gD subunit-containing binary vector PBI 121 were transformed into Agrobacterium tumifaciens LBA 4404 strain for Agro-inoculation. Tomato plants were transferred into regeneration medium and genetically transformed with the HSV-2gD-PB21 binary vector through Agrobacte...
Amro A. Farrag1; Ahmed K. El-Attar1; Om-Hashem M. El-Banna2; Ibrahim A. I.2; H.
M. Mazyad1
...enBank with accession numbers
KJ624994 and KJ579954.The full nucleotide sequence of DNA-A, DNA-B and all open
reading frames (ORF) of the SLCV-bean was aligned and compared with eleven different
isolates of the SLCV available in the GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis of the complete
nucleotide sequence revealed that SLCV is related to other isolates of SLCV from other
governorates in Egypt (Cairo and ...

Samah A. Mokbel1, Ashraf A. Abd El-Mohsen2

... virus-free potato minitubers is critical. For this purpose, infected tubers with potato leafroll virus (PLRV) or potato virus x (PVX) from two cultivars Spunta or Lady Rosette as demonstrated by serological detection were used as a source for virus-free minitubers production. This achived by subjecting tubers directly to thermotherapy treatment at 36&or...

K.A. El-Dougdoug1, A.R. Sofy2, A.A. Mousa2 and E.E. Refaey2

...s
(Solanum tuberosum) mechanically inoculated with PVY isolate under greenhouse condition
were divided to three categories, resistant (Diamond, Execusa, Hermes and Valor), tolerant
(Sisi, Lady Balfor, Nikola, Ditta and Lady Rosetta), susceptible (Anabel and Spunta) based on
different external symptoms, the severity infection and virus concentration. Expressed protein
was differed in leaves of potato c...

A. B. Badr1 ; M. A. S. El-kady2; and Kh. E. A. Saker2

...ted and dilated . The number of plastoglobulis
increased and clumped together, their starch content was decreased. Clumping of
mitochondria , chloroplastes and degeneration of grana were also observed. Pinwheel
inclusions and associated virus particles are frequently found in the cytoplasm of
infected leaf cells.
...

Rehab A. Dawood1; Entsar A. Nassar2; and K.A. El-Dougdoug 3

...n to production of microubers in vitro under osmotic potential 8.8 (50 gl-1); 8.2 (60 gl-1) and 6.2 (70 gl -1) number per 5 plantlets at 170C . All PVY results were confirmed with DAS – ELISA.

...

Amira A. Mazyad1; A. A. Kheder1; Ahmed K. El-Attar1; W. Amer.2; Mahasen, H. Ismail.2; Amal, A.F.1

...cal analysis.

...

Elharony, S.B.1,3, SaharA.Youssef2 and Richard F. Lee3

...ing
large number of samples and for isolation of RNA and DNA from
small quantities of tissues. The method does not require expensive
and environmentally hazardous reagents and equipment. It can be
performed even in low technology laboratories. The amount of tissue
required by this method is ∼50–100 mg. The quantity and the quality
of the nucleic acid extracted by this method is h...
Abd El-Hamid, M.I1, Seham, A.El-Zeedy1, El-Sanousi, A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1, Abbas, A.M1
...tion at the base pair number 121 from the start codon which give lead to single Amino Acid Substitution from CAG (Glutamine(Gln/Q)) which is considered as a polar Amino Acid to AAG (Lysine(Lys/K)) which is a basic Amino Acid, then the sequenced product of the local isolate was cloned Into PET 151 D topo plasmid with an N-terminal tag containing the V5 epitope and a 6xHis tag and transformed into Top 10 Ecoli cells just to maintain the stability and propagation...

Abd El-Hamid, M.I1; Seham, A. ElZeedy1; El-Sanousi A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1., Abbas, A.M1

...tion at the base pair number 121 from the start codon which give lead to single Amino Acid Substitution from CAG (Glutamine(Gln/Q)) which is considered as a polar Amino Acid to AAG (Lysine(Lys/K)) which is a basic Amino Acid which is very characteristic for the local isolate than the rest of isolate and strains.

...

Megahed, A.A.1; Kh. A.El-Dougdoug2 and B.A. Othman2

...ce and incidence of Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), Beet mosaic potyvirus (BtMV), Beet necrotic yellow vein benyvirus (BNYVV), Beet curly top geminivirus (BCTV) and Beet yellows closterovirus (BYV) symptomatology and serologically by double antibody sandwaich Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The survey of sugar beet viruses achieved in 15 field locations belonging to 5 different Governorates, which performed by examination 915 plant samples fr...

A. A. Rezk1,3, K. A. Alhudaib2 and A. M. Soliman2,3

...nBank under accession number JN083790. The phylogenetic tree showed that there are two big clusters and the identity between them 90%. The isolated CYSDV in this study is located in the second cluster with the isolates from Sudan, Iran and the other isolate from Saudi Arabia. The analysis showed that the highest nucleotide identities were 100% with other isolates that isolated from Saudi Arabia and was 98% with other isolates from Iran and Sudan. While the ide...

Sahar A. Youssef1; Manal A. El-Shazly1,2; Azza G.Farag1,3; Eman A. Khattab1,2

...rmation, reduction in number and diameter of flowers , color breaking and necrotic spots on flower petals .The virus was biologically purified from single local lesion formed on Chenopodium quinoa. The isolated virus was identified on the basis of symptomatology, transmissibility, serological tests and molecular technique. The virus was identified serologically by direct ELISA, dot and tissue blotting immune-binding assay using authentic and induced antiserum ...

Badr, A. B. 1, Abou-zeid, A. A2. and Al-Naggar, A. M1.

...ted on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.cv. cara) plants during the winter season at 2011 to investigation the abnormalities changes of potato leaflets and tubers infected with Potato virus Y. Anatomical features of terminal leaflets i.e. mean of thickness both, midrib zone, leaflet blade, upper epidermal layer, palisade and spongy tissues, length and width of protoxylem and metaxylem vessels were reduced. However, lower epiderma...

Lala Rukh1, Muhammad Nadeem1, Tusneem Kausar1, Mian Anjum Murtaza1, Muhammad Luqman2*, Muhammad Bilal Shahid1 and Amal Shaukat3

...ich source of protein, fiber, carbohydrates and fat with good digestibility properties. Date pit powder and soy protein isolate incorporation enhanced the total antioxidants and DPPH activity in soy date bars however, decreasing trend was observed in total antioxidants and inhibition of DPPH radical activity during 90 days of storage. Based on the results, it has been suggested that date bars may be considered as a source to meet the energy requirements of hea...

Shahida Sabir1, Anwar Ali Shad1, Tariq Masood1*, Zafar Ali Shah1, Nasiruddin2, Yaseen Ahmad1 and Syed Sartaj Alam3 

...th a medicinal plant (Berberis lycium L) was documented on days to 50% colonization, days to 100% colonization, yield per bag and % bio-efficacy of Pleurotus eryngii. It was found that maximum 20 and 34 days were taken by 50% and 100% colonization, respectively on 25% supplemented B. lycium substrate compared to control treatment (17 days). The yield and bio-efficacy of mushroom was observed around 596.7 g per bag and 99% respectively at 25% supplemented B. ly...

Rafia Ahsan1, Saif Ullah1, Ijaz Yaseen1, Faisal Sohail Fateh1, Muhammad Fayyaz1, Shahzad Asad1, Atif Jamal1, Muhammad Sufyan2 and Muhammad Zakria1*

... of Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) was conducted during the year 2019-20. BLB was prevalent in all the surveyed provinces of Pakistan. In Punjab, high disease prevalence was observed in Gujranwala (55%), Hafizabad (36%), Sialkot (29%) and Narowal (27%). No disease was observed in Wazirabad, Zafar Wal and Gujrat. The disease incidence in Gujranwala, Sialkot and Narowal was 35%, 50% and 21% respectively, and severity ranged from 0-80%, 0-70% and 0-70%...

Aly M. Abdel-Salam

...one Ipomovirus viz. Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) from infected cucurbits. Further, the study is concerned with illustrating the adverse effect of mixed infection with these viruses on diagnosis and breeding for virus resistance in cucurbits. Methods: CYSDV was isolated through Bemisia tabaci insects; whereas, CVYV was isolated through mechanical inoculation. The two viruses were purified using the electro elution technique devised by the author of the ...

Salama M. El-Saghir1, 2

...
potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) viruses found infecting potato worldwide. PVS was detected only
once in Egypt in 1988. However no further studies have been made on it in Egypt recently. PVSinfection
to potatoes causes mild symptoms, viz. rugosity, mosaic, stunting, leaf bronzing, and early
leaf dropping. Heavy losses; however, can occur upon mixed infection with PVS and PVX or PVM.
Objective: The objective o...
Rasha M. Mahrous1,4, Ahmed K. El-Attar2, Ahlam A. AlWatban1, Sohair I. EL-Afifi3,
Nagwa M. Aref1,3
...train) with accession number
“KJ948653”. Phylogenetic analysis showed a high similarity (99%) with Oman isolate.
Conclusion: Phytoplasma strain of LWB-Eg Candidatus Phytoplasma that reported as a natural causal
agent from Lime WB strain in Egypt was classified as 16SrII subgroup.
...
Ashraf S. Khameis, lamya F. Atteya, Ayman H. Mansour, Heba A. Abdelhady, Ashraf A.
Saad
... Sheep pox virus is a member of the Capripoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family,
which affect sheep and causes significant economic losses in El Menofiya Governorate.
Objectives: The present study was applied for isolation and molecular identification of Sheep pox
virus from clinically affected sheep in El Menofiya governorate, Egypt during 2016. Additionally, the
isolated agent was identified using electron mic...

Dina N. Abd-Elshafy

...ated food or water. A number of travelers arriving from Egypt were found
infected with HAV upon return to their home countries, for this Egypt Travel made warned
tourists traveling to Egypt to avoid eating under cooked or raw food (especially meat and
eggs) or raw vegetables and drinking tap water.
Aim: To study potential antiviral effect of methanolic extract prepared from green tea on
HAV and explor...

Maha A. El-Abhar1, Moustafa A. Elkady1, Khaled M. Ghanem2, Hussieny A. Bosila3

...ost, particularly if a tuber
necrosis-causing strain is involved.
Objective: : The purpose of this study is to characterize biologically and serologically AMV infecting
potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Egypt. Moreover, the study described the histological and cytological
effects of AMV infection in potato leaf cells.
Methods: Leaf samples were collected on the basis...
Maha M. Khedr1, Reem A. Suliman1, Marwa F. Mohamed1, Mounir D. El Safty1, Hussein A.
Hussein2
...gnificant
numbers of natural infections and disease, mainly infecting the upper respiratory tract, in humans,
domestic pigs, horses, and numerous bird species. Maternal derived antibodies could interfere with the
efficacy of vaccination against avian influenza in early age in chicks.
Methods: Eight groups of one-day old commercial broiler chicks were kept in isolators along the whole
period of the stu...
Asma Kaouachi1, Mohcen Menaa1*, Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah2 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi1
... was undertaken from October 2015 to April 2017 within the Souk Ahras region, in North-eastern Algeria. This work was carried out by using a combination of digestive-contents analysis (86 contents) and field observations (during the breeding season). We identified 16 plant species of which four were recorded through on-site observations and 12 species were collected from bird crops. The biomass contained in the alimentary tract showed that fruits dominated the...
Sahar Mubashar*, Tariq Mukhtar and Nasir Ahmad Khan
...h followed by Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. According to WHO, the most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, sore throat, fatigue and diarrhea and shortness of breath in severe cases. The virus attacks throat, lungs and trachea converting them to virus factories to infect more cells. It attacks not only lungs but also other vital organs of the body like kidneys and heart. It is spread from human to human through respiratory droplets or direct con...
Zain-Ul-Aabdin Abro1*,Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2 and Niaz Hussain Khuhro2
...red from January to December 2018 in guava orchards of the Sindh Pakistan. The investigations were done at different localities of Hyderabad and Larkana using Steiner type traps incorporated with methyl eugenol. The trap catches of B. zonata and B. dorsalis in both climatic zones shown a similar pattern during the study with a major peak in August in off seasoned guava. Whereas decreased population of Bactrocera flies were obtained in the ...
Saira Gul1,2, Sohail Ahmed2*, Tahir Usman1*, Khalid Khan3, Sultan Ayaz1, Saleha Gul4 and Nawab Ali5
...ropical conditions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). A total of 120 cattle from different farms were randomly sampled and tested for the presence of A. marginale between May to August 2016. The study revealed that 15.0%, 20.8% and 29.1% of sampled animals were found positive for A. marginale using microscopic examination, indirect ELISA and PCR, respectively. Two major surface protein genes (MSP1a and MSP4) sequence were co...

Akram I. Aboelkhair1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahin1 and Hussein A. Hussein2

... skin lesions. It`s a member of Poxviridea family, genus Capri-pox,
and closely related to sheep and goat pox. In Egypt, the protection from lumpy skin disease (LSD)
among cattle population was carried out using sheep poxvirus vaccine. Last year (2016-2017) revealed
many cases of LSD in sheep pox vaccinated cattle in Egypt.
Objective: In this study LSDV was isolated from sheep pox vaccinated cattle showing LSD si...

Hanaa A. Elsamadony1, Laila A. Tantawy1, Sabry E. Omar2 and Heba A. Abd Alah1

...nBank under accession number MH260568 for the VP1 gene. Our strain has 99% identity with
nucleotides of Indian and Japan strains, 97% amino acid identity with the same strains. Our circulating
strain has low nucleotides identity 37%, 38% and amino acid identity 15% for both with vaccinal
strains (Cux-1N/Germany and CAV/Nobilis®P4) respectively. The high percentage of similarity of
nucleotides identity with Eg...
Othman N. O. Mansour 1, Naglaa Hagag 2, Momtaz A. Shahein 1, Sayed S. Hassan 1 Ahmed
A. EL-Sanousi 3 and Mohamed A. Shalaby3
...od of March 2016 to December 2017, 1500 nasal swabs were collected from
imported camels in Birqash veterinary quarantine, 195 nasal swab and Serum samples collected from
imported breeds in abattoirs of different governorates in Egypt, In addition to 98 nasal swabs and
serum samples were collected from local breeds presented in some camel farms. All nasal swabs tested
using real time RT-PCR while serum samples wer...

Mohsen M. Elsharkawy1, Salem H. Homayed1, Mohamed M. Elsawy2 and Amr A. Khedr1

...iv>...
Allam A. Megahed, Badawi A. Othman, Samar S. El Masry, Abeer A. Faiesal and Mohamed A. Nasr Eldin
...pt. Potato
tubers are a common source of the virus during host cultivations. The yield loss can range from 15% to
45% and heavy losses can occur upon mixed infection with PVM and PVS or PVX.
Objective: The current work aims to characterize the PVM, study cytopathic effect of PVM on
potato tissues, and detection of PVM in commercial potato seed tubers using RT-PCR.
M...

Riham H. Bassam, Hussein A. Hussein, Mohamed M. Amer and Ahmed A. El-Sanousi

..., acquired accessions number MH266696 and
designated A/chicken/Lebanon/21-E03/2018 (H9N2). Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequence
cluster the characterized strain along with (formerly) G1-like viruses’ subtype B like those circulating
in the Middle East.
Conclusion: the AI H9N2 avian influenza virus is circulating causing major problem among chickens.
More studies need to be addressed to...

Shimaa A. Khalaf1 , Mohsen M. Elsharkawy2, Samir A. Sidaros2, Shawky A. El Kewey2, Ayman F. Omar2, Ali Hamed1

...ffects of GU23-3 on cucumber growth and resistance against PRSV..
Methods: Disease severity and virus titer were evaluated in cucumber plants treated with barley grain (BGI) or culture filtrate (CF) of GU23-3 under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, the expression levels of defense genes were assessed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis.
Results: Both of virus severity and titer were sign...
Huda S. Darwish 1, Om-hashem M. El-Banna2, Mohamed S. Abbas3, Hoda M. Waziri 1, Maisa A. Awad1
... the most devastating members of the genus Nepovirus and distributed in
most parts of the world and can infect herbaceous, ornamental and woody species including tomato,
tobacco, grape, apple, peach, cherry, apricot and raspberry. Both of sodium azide (NaN3) and ethyl
methanesulfonate (EMS) are known as chemical mutagens.
Objective: Study the effect of chemical mutagens (NaN3an...

Tahsin S. Shoala1, Ahmed K. El-Attar2, Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud3

...o
(Solanum tuberosum L.), the fourth largest staple crop in the world. Our research was aiming
to manage PLRV In-Vitro.
Methods: Infected potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. var. slany) were externally sterilized
and cultured in Murashige and Skoog media (MS media). Four weeks later, potato plants were
tested for PLRV using RT-PCR technique, and all of the plants we...

Mohamed M. Mashaly1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahein1, Hussein A. Hussein2

...accession
number of MN271728. In addition, a comparative study of LSDV growth curves of two permissible
continuous cell lines (MDBK and Vero). The growth curve of LSDV was determined by inoculating
both cultures, harvesting at intervals up to 24 hours and titrating the virus culture. To confirm LSDV
accumulated in cell cultures, molecular identification is required; we carried Real-time PCR.
Results: ...

Samah A. Mokbel, Eman A. Ahmed, Hanan F. El-Kammar, Ahmed A. Kheder

...iv>...

Gulnaz Ismaylova

...identify the pests of mulberry, which is the main food source for the silkworm, in 2018-2020, monitoring of existing and newly planted mulberry orchards was carried out. Orosanga japonica first recorded on Morus sp. in the Sheki-Zagatala region located in the northwest, and then in the Khachmaz region, located in the northeast of Azerbaijan. Representatives of this family have not yet been registered in Azerbaijan. Besides o...

Aliya Munir1, Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Tanveer Ahmed3 and Zahid Farooq2

...sms by increasing the number of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress biomarkers like antioxidants enzymes have been successfully used in ecotoxicology field for evaluating the stress response of organisms exposed to pollutants. Therefore, this work was designed to evaluate the peroxidase (POx) level in kiney, gills and liver of fish Channa striata exposed to LC50 concentration (1.374µgL-1) of deltamethrin+endosulfan (DM+ES) mixture for 4-day. Sampli...

Nadeem Anwar1, Muhammad Luqman2*, Shaoib Nasir3, Moazzam Sabir1, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad4 and Saleem Ashraf5

...eir own. Only a small number of the citrus growers harvest the fruit by their own. Majority of the farmers were found to be unsatisfied about the role of intermediaries and termed these intermediaries as profit-making group indenting the share of farmers. The Harvesting behavior of the farmers is significantly affected by the area under citrus cultivation. The results also indicated that product marketing and harvesting behavior of citrus growers is positively...

Muhammad Nasir1, Muhammad Usman Asif2*, Abdul Hayee Abid1, Qurat ul Ain Haneef1 and Muhammad Awais2

...rom 1st June to 30th October each year. Hot spots (pest incidence at and above Economic Threshold level, ETL) for each tehsil were determined weekly, and then the combined infestation was calculated at the district level. The results showed that the weather conditions, during all the three years, had a significant impact on the insect pest abundance. The maximum percentage of whitefly hot spots ranged in line from 8.36-24.14% during three years study period fo...

Ayesha Manzoor1, Muhammad Saqib Naveed1, Sayed Rashad Ali1, Danish Ibrar2, Sairah Syed1, Sharmin Ashraf1 and Rafiq Ahmed1*

...creasingplant height, number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, number of productive stems/plant and number of pods/plant. But still, both treatments significantly delays flowering. In terms of seed yield and quality, longer (T5=15cm) and wider stecklings (T6=4.9cm and T7=6.3cm) increased number...

Ibadullah Jan1*, Iqbal Munir2, Inamullah Khan3, Syed Muhammad Suhail4 and Aqib Iqbal2

...ity and decreased the number of writhes instigated by one % ethanoic acid. Dosiflavone dosages (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) were relative to the placebo, there was a substantial (p<0.05-0.01) reduction in pyrexia. The Dosiflavone-treated and control groups showed no significant differences in terms of mortality. As a result, it was determined that Dosiflavone is healthy in terms of mortality rate (up to 300 mg/kg). It is concluded that Dosiflavone has promising a...

Shakeel Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2*, Muhammad Amin3, Muhammad Sadiq Hashmi4, Nafees Ahmad5 and Rasheed Ahmad6

...northern mountains of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan are rich in biodiversity and provide fragmented and fragile ecosystem services while vulnerability to the rapid changes in LULC with irreversible impacts on ecosystems, especially in district Shangla. Real-time monitoring and assessment are essential to understand such changes in LULC. In the current study, spatio-temporal changes of LULC were obtained from MODIS (MCD12Q1) product from 2001–2018 to examin...

Md. Sahidur Rahman1*, Tishita Ape1, Md. Islam1 and Sharmin Chowdhury2

...and claimed their prescribers did not advise them on it. Among participants, 81% were found unaware of the effect of antibiotic resistance on animal health. The univariable significance test showed the educational status of the farmer had a strong (P < 0.01) relationship with the knowledge of antimicrobial resistance. Only 27% of farmers were always following the prescription of a veterinarian. We found drug sellers/dealers, experienced local farmers, and t...

Mian Ibad Ali Shah*, Yasir Saleem Afridi and Laiq Hasan

...onverted into summary numbers, followed by carrying out the statistical analysis that yielded meaningful results. Descriptive analysis in particular performs best to achieve this strategy. Descriptive analysis comprising of various methods and factors have been used to infer conclusions from data. Some important factors like, stringency index, number of tests, etc. have been utilized in this paper to achieve the aforemention...

Reema Zia* and Noor Paio Khan

...tion towards WTO trade liberalization in the rice sector. Pakistan would not need to change any of its policies and would benefit from trade liberalization due to the expansion of rice production when world prices of rice rise as a result of the reduction of support in other countries.

...

Ghani Akbar*, Muhammad Asif and Zafar Islam

...culentum Mill.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) under tunnel farming compared with traditional open-air farming method in Potohar, a rainfed area in Pakistan. The results indicated increased production potential per unit of land (46%) and per unit of water (74%) and larger farm income (3.47 BCR) than the traditional open-air farming method. These production benefits can be instrumental in improving livelihood and nutrition of remotely located rain-fed farmers i...

Nusrat Habib

...aring with their male member’s counterparts. Women contribute significantly to adaptation and resilience to climatic extremes. The drivers of their resilience are hard work and diversity of livelihood resources. In changing climate conditions, it is imperative to devise gender-sensitive and region-wise policies and planning.

...

Syed Ismat Hussain1, Khalid Mehmood2, Mudassar Khaliq3, Habib Anwar1, Syed Muhammad Zaka4, Ateeq ur Rehman5*, Muhammad Shahid6, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi5*, Ummad ud Din Umar5 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar7

... of degree days model, Huber’s method was adopted and data for calculation of generations by accumulating progressive degree days was observed highly significant i.e., P>0.0001. In the present study, the accumulation of degree days for its forecasting was calculated from 1st January by using the metrological data and base line temperature and found 7 generations of pink boll worm to be found in all districts. Data for moths trapped in sex pheromone tr...

Muhammad Rafique1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2, Inam Ul Haq1*, Muhammad Ramzan Anser2, Humara Umar2 and Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah2

...s to root initiation, number of roots, root length, days to shifting, rooted cutting percentage and callus percentage were collected under four different treatments. Cutting under the only green net (5944 lux), white net (11428 lux) only upper side white net (8484 lux) and both green and white net (5538). The results were found significant regarding the interaction between varieties and treatments; however, non-significant variation in varieties was found rega...
Aamer Abbas1, Jabbar Khan1*, Mir Abid Hassan2, Asif Qayyum3 and Hamed Shafiq4
...bserved for the total number of sperms as the sperm counts were comparatively much smaller in severe oligozoospermic than mild/moderate oligozoospermic individuals. No mutation/deletion was found, neither in oligozoospermic individuals nor in normal males in SRY gene, located on Y chromosome. Hence, the presence of heavy metals, even in small quantities in the bodies of oligozoospermia males can be one of the main causative agents of male infertility.
Muhammad Noman Koondhar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1,*, Muhammad Ammar Khan2, Riaz Ahmed Leghari3 and Parkash Dewani4
...llorum, a highest number (10 isolates) showed resistance against neomycin, kanamycin and tetracycline. A total of 76.9% (10/13) isolates were recorded as multidrug resistant (MDR) resistant. Maximum number of S. Gallinarum (9/10), S. Typhi(12/14), S. Cholerasuis (8/10) and S.Enteritidis(13/15) isolates were exhi...
Wenjuan Yan1, Qunlan Zhou2, Bo Liu2,3*, Cunxin Sun2, Huimin Zhang3 and Changyou Song2
...n (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). The prawns were fed with five isonitrogenous (40.54% crude protein) and isolipid (6.16% crude lipid) diets with different I. cicadae levels (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg Kg-1). Results revealed that I. cicadae significantly increased specific growth ratio (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), while decreased feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Meanwhile, I. cicadae signific...

Zain Ullah1*, Anwar Ali Shad1 and Saqib Ali2

...ned from the roots of Berberis brevissima Jafri. resulted in three compounds. Their structures were elucidated as β-Sitosterol-3-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (1), Berberine (2), and Pakistanine (3) using spectroscopic analysis, including mass, 1D, and 2D NMR data techniques. The antibacterial assays of the obtained six oil sub-fractions (H-1 to H-6) were accomplished against S. epidermis, E. coli, and S. aureus bacteria...

Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Shoaib Akhtar1, Inam Ul Haq2, Muhammad Ramzan Anser1 and Iqra Yasmin1 

...tilizers during the December. Apply second dose during May-June and third dose during September in Pothwar. Foliar application is suitable during end February and March. Drip irrigation is suitable during December and May.

...

Sana Javeid* and Khalid Nawab

...poor categories least number of growers (4.9%) were found extremely poor and 10.5% in the transitory non-poor category. The association of extension services, visits paid by the extension agents, extension contact methods, strategies and trainings showed significant relationship with poverty. Hence, it is recommended that efforts are needed to regularize all extension activities for poverty reduction in the study area.

...
Nianhong Huang, Yan Wu, Yuanyuan Li* and Jinhong Zhao*
...hinaand increases the number of known host species. Morphological and molecular analysis of Hepatozoon sp. establishes a basis for identification of the genera Hepatozoon, increasing protection and prevention of parasitic diseases of snakes.
...

Muhammad Madni Afzal1*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Amer Habib1, Waqas Ashraf2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan3, Muhammad Raheel2 and Qaiser Shakeel2

...lants i.e. Gossypium thurberi, Calotropis procera and Suaeda fruticose were used at 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm concentrations. Maximum basal rot disease reduction (78.6%) was recorded at 150 ppm concentration of wild cotton (G. thurberi) under in-vitro conditions. Whereas, wild cotton also gave the highest disease reduction under greenhouse (62.93%) and field conditions (52.56%) as compared with other two plant extracts and...

Miloudi Hilali1*, Hanae El Monfalouti1, Larbi El Hammari2, Farid Amar3, Zakaria Mennane4, Malika Haddam5, Nadia Maata6 and Badr Eddine Kartah1

...rom the same tree in October, November and December 2020, the extraction was made by mechanical cold pressing. After extracting the olive oil, the physico-chemical analysis such as acidity, humidity, fatty acids and sterols was assayed. The results obtained the sample which extracted in the month of december contains a higher percentage of β-sitoste...
Pir Meher Ali Shah1*, Shahryar Shafique Qureshi1, Rizwan Aslam Butt2, Haider Ali3 and Shahid Khan4
 
...ernet traffic and the number of devices is growing at an exponential rate. A robust communication network is required that provide high-capacity communication and integrate wired and wireless communication devices without creating bottlenecks. This work proposes a passive optical network (PON) architecture to ensure high-capacity paths between the densely deployed remote radio units (RRUs) with baseband units (BBUs) in 5G network architecture. Orthogonal frequ...
Asim Mushtaq1*, Asra Nafees1, Raza Muhammad Khan1, Amina Israr1 and Zaeem Uddin Ali
... investigating Polymer Fiber Reinforced Concrete (PFRC). PFRC enhances the reinforced concrete design, and it is proved as more durable than standard concrete pavements. The basic aim is to increase the compressive strength along with the tensile and flexural strength of PFRC. In particular, the highest compressive strength is observed between the low and high composition of fibers. At high weight fraction, the long fi
Shoaib Khan1, Sida Hussain2, Amir Naveed1*, Nazia Wali3, Zafar Ullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Muhammad Sadiq4 and Muhammad Asif5
...load calculation, the number of poles and slots calculated are 60 and 180 respectively. The total load demand is shared 50% between wind and solar as per the load demand of the locality. The total capacity of the generator designed is 60kW. Sensitivity analysis of the designed machine is done by varying the hyper-parameters of the wind turbine generators. 
...

Gulzar Ullah* and Gohar Ayub

...sign (CRD) in growth chamber before transplantation and Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications after transplanting to the field were used. Tomato seedlings at their 4-leaf stage were subjected to a 350C temperature stress for 10, 15 and 20 hrs as a pre-transplant hardening method. Both groups HP (heat pretreatment) and NHP (Non-heat pretreatment or Control) were then transplanted to the field. Results revealed that diff...

M. Azam, Iqtidar Hussaian*, Ghazanfar ullah, A.A. Khakwani, M.S. Baloch, K. Waseem, M. Amjed Nadeem and M.K. Javaid 

...), plant height (cm), number of fertile tillers hill-1, number of unfertile tillers hill-1, panicle length (cm), spikelet fertility (%), number of grains panicle-1, 1000-grain weight(g), biological yield (kg ha-1), grain yield (kg ha-1), benefit cost ratio (BCR) and Harvest index (%). Seedling density showed significant differences for traits such as unfertile tiller hill-1, while transpla...
Arshad Khan1, Mohammad Ihsan1, Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Muhammad Laiq1, Maryam Bibi1, Nasir Ali2, Ulfat Naz1, Muhammad Zakria1, Nausheen Nazir3, Adam Khan4 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz5
...istrict Dir and Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan, and were characterized for 11 phenotypic traits (4 qualitative and 7 quantitative). A significant diversity was found for leaf length with the range of 4 to 15 cm, leaf width 1 to 7.0 cm, petiole length range from 0.5 to 4.5cm.The internodes length ranged from 0.5cm to 6. The seed length ranged from 4 to 11mm. The 100 seed weight ranged from 7.7 to 48g. Correlation analysis revealed that leaf width was strongl...

Hafsa Naheed* and Hidayat-Ur-Rahman

...s stability parameters; Eberhart and Russell, Perkin and Jinks and Finlay and Wilkinsons models were used to determine stability. Considering the Eberhart and Russell’s approach G.27, G.34, G.11, G.17, Siran and G.35 for tillers m-2 and G.22, G.23, G.31 for kernel weight had the bi (regression coefficient) values near to unity and had higher (coefficient of determination) Ri2. Based on the stability measure of Freeman ...

Sajida Batool1, Saira Batool1, Sitara Shameem1, Fatima Khalid1, Tahira Batool2, Summera Yasmeen1, Saima Batool3*

... reduction in themean number of hepatocytes and oval cells per unit area in ATZ treated group as well as significantly increased size and nuclear diameter of hepatocytes compared to the Cnt group. These findings showed the sensitivity of all cell types in the liver to the toxic potentials of atrazine at the given dose level.
 
Novelty Statement | This study reports hepato-toxic effects of atrazine at a ...
Tanmoy Mandal1 and Sunil Kr. Ghosh2*
...ue to attack of large number of insect-pests on som plant. Leaf miner(Phytomyza spp.)(Diptera: Agromyzidae) is a major pest and very harmful to som plant leaves. From observation it is found that leaf miner was found active throughout the year on som plant leaves. Higher population level was maintained during 27th standard week to 34th standard week that is during 1st week of July to last week of August with highe...
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
...s is attracting large numbers of wild avifauna for food subsidies and transforming landfills into new habitats by changing the wild profile of native species. This study aims to establish the baseline situation of avian diversity and abundance on various land uses including the landfill at Gujranwala in northeastern Punjab, Pakistan, and understanding the impact of urban solid waste in changing bird behavior. Field observations in a variety of land uses (agric...
Zhengyi Fu1,2,3,4, Rui Yang2,3,4, Zhenhua Ma2,3,4*, Mingyang Han2,3,4 and Yifu Wang2,3,4
... fat ratio (IPF). The number of goblet cells and the height of the mucosa in the HL were significantly higher than those in the other two groups. The lipase activity of HL and HC was higher than that of control group in both stomach and foregut. This study indicates that increasing the proportion of lipid in the dietary improves growth performance and digestion performance of barramundi, while higher proportions of carbohydrate in the diet don’t affect t...
Kanwal Haneef1,2, Rakhshinda Habib1,3, Nadia Naeem1,3 and Asmat Salim1,*
... have shown increased number of fused cells (P < 0.05) as compared to that in case of normal MSCs. This study suggests a potential role of SCF in enhancing the fusion potential of MSCs which may possibly improve the efficiency of MSCs for myocardial diseases.
...
Sen Liu1,2, Yue Zhu2, Haixia Leng2, Ying Wang1, Xiangju Yin1 and Yajun Zhao1*
...pregnancy, nursing, or hibernation) was explored using the F-MSAP technique, including brown adipose tissue (BAT), brain (B), heart (H), kidney (K), liver (L), and muscle (M) tissues. An average of 67.0% CCGG loci was methylated in each tissue. There were significant methylation differences among tissues in full-methylation (p < 0.001) and total methylation (p = 0.001). Moreover, various unique methylated loci (15–59) were also detected....
HuaBin Zhang1,2, YaSen Li1, Tao Pan1, Peng Yan1, En Li1, Hui Xue1 and XiaoBing Wu1,*
...on of reproduction and hibernation. But so far the limited study of leptin and its receptor has investigated in Chinese alligator, Alligator sinensis. Therefore, we reported the presence and location of leptin and its receptor in different tissues of Chinese alligator by immunohistochemistry analysis. This study aims to access the possible effect of leptin in Chinese alligator. The results showed that immunoreactivity of leptin was observed in the adipo...
Hui Wang1,2, Yuchen Zhao1 and Xinpu Wang1,*
...China, from May to September 2017. Eighteen species from nine genera were collected in all regimes. The largest size of species and individuals occurred in mid-August, and species diversity and abundance were significantly greater in the typical enclosure area and the enclosed mowing area compared to the grazed area. The dominant species were Carabus vladimirskyi and Poecillus gebleri in enclosure areas and mowing areas while was Carabus glypt...
Li Ma1 *, Xu Han1, Bo Yang2 and Chunhua Zhou3
...ly. Intriguingly, the number of CD105/CD62E-marked HUVECs cells was markedly observed. In comparison to the oxide-treated cells, the expression level of p16, p53, p21 and Bax protein was reduced significantly in the drug-treated cells and the expression level of Bcl-2 protein increased significantly. Taken together, kaempferol can inhibit cell apoptosis by protecting the oxidative damage in HUVECs, possibility by reducing p16, p53, p21 and Bax protein expressi...
Junyan Bai1*, Rentaodi Wu2*, Qihang Hu1, Lema Dao2 and Xinghua Tian3
...rage effective allele number, heterozygosity and polymorphism information content of 17 microsatellite markers in sunite bactrian camel were 2.8913, 0.6205 and 0.5602, respectively. The wool fineness of AB genotype of CMS36 locus was significantly higher than that of BB genotype (P<0.05). The wool fineness of AC genotype at YWLL44 locus was significantly higher than that of BD, BE and CE genotype (P<0.05). The wool fineness of AA and BC gen...
Huijuan Sheng1, Xiang Xu1, Haiqiang Yin1*and Muhammad Irfan1,2
Arsalan Khan1*, Navid Anjum2, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Shakeeb Ullah3
Ali Zaman3, Kamran Safdar3, Khalid Muhammad3, Ambrina Tariq4
Muhammad Inam Malik3, Muhammad Kamal Shah3, Atiq ur Rehman3 
and Hamza Maris3
...e larval extract, the number of hard ticks was counted with naked eye and the efficacy of this crude tick vaccine was determined in terms of reduction in tick number. Control of ticks and the clinical efficacy of the prepared vaccine were determined on the basis of number of ticks infesting the vaccinated and control group over 01-month period, post vaccination. The results revealed that p...
Ayman Balla Mustafa1, Abdalla Elgenaidi1, Aldukali Alkeskas1, Asim Faraz2,*, Ahmed Eisa Elhag3, Mohanad Bashari4 and Bernard Faye5
...ed to parities, calve number and physiological factors.
...
Shuli Zhu, Yaqiu Liu, Weitao Chen, Xinhui Li and Yuefei Li*
...p cages in July and December 2018. The LWRs parameters a and b values for the four species varied 0.008861-0.02018 and 3.041-3.367. New maximum standard lengths for one species was presented in this paper. And the LWRs for two species: Bangana decora and Ptychidio longibarbus is reported for the first time. The result will be very helpful in fisheries management and species conservation.
...
Romaan Hayat Khattak, Zhensheng Liu* and Liwei Teng*
...tional activities. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, several wild ungulate species are raised in captivity. However, there is a lack of detailed information about the ex-situ conservation status of these species. The present study gives a piece of benchmark information on wild ungulate species, breeding practices and the challenges that exist in captive breeding in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan.
...

Fahima Khatun1, Abdullah-Al-Maruf2, Md. Mizanur Rahman2, Afroja Yasmin1, Mohammad Ali Zinnah3, Md. Aminul Islam4 and Mohammad Shah Alam5*

... of January 2018 to December 2018. The highest incidence was found in infestation with Fasciola spp. (43.63%) followed by Toxocara spp. (35.75%) and Haemonchus spp. (7.87 %). The rainy season showed the highest degree of parasitic occurrence (45.55%) compared to summer (32.12%) and winter (22.42%) seasons. A higher incidence of Fasciola spp. (46.66%) was found in the rainy season whereas Toxocara spp. (45.94%) in winter and Haemonchus spp. (15.09%) in summer. ...
Waqar Ali1,3*, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Abida Arshad1, Guifu Dai3,Safir Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Arshad Malik4, Imran Ullah1 and Ihsan Ullah1
...ctation stage, parity number and unhygienic condition showed statistically significant association with the prevalence of mastitis in beetal goats. Antibiotics sensitivity profiles of investigated bacteria showed that these were most sensitive to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin.
...

Muhammad Zubair Ishaq1, Umar Farooq1, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2*, Saghir Ahmad2, Amna Bibi2, Hafeez UR Rehman3, Umar Farooq3, Javaria Ashraf4 and Samaria Nisar4

... weight (0.738**) and number of bolls per plant (0.53**). Sowing dates in March, April, and May were grouped together in cluster no. 2, whereas sowing dates in June were grouped together in group 1. This study helps to optimize the sowing date to meet the climate changes and enhance the seed cotton yield.

...

Azra Nadeem1*, Shaukat Hussain2, Saeedullah2, Asma Akbar3, Zahoor Ahmad4, Maryam Tariq5, Robina Karim6 and Muhammad Huzaifa7

...e severity, incidence, tuber weight, number of tubers/plant, fresh root weight and plant height at the time of harvest of the crop. The biocontrol agent (T. viride) showed lowest disease incidence (53.73%) and severity (1.27) at 8% moisture level. There was a reduction of 43.33% and 63.29% over control by T. viride for disease incidence and severity respectively at this moisture level. The...
Ayu Suci Wulandari1, Siwi Indarti1,2*, Muhannad Illayan Massadeh3 and Nguyen Van Minh4
...les of soil, roots and tubers were collected. Soil abiotic factors are taken measurements such as pH, temperature, and organic matter. The altitudes are measured using the Geograpichal Positioning System (GPS). The results showed that there were five parasitic nematodes genera in garlic, that are Ditylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Hoplolaimus sp., Rotylenchulus sp., and Pratylenchus sp. Abiotic factors as temperature has a...
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Mohammad Nafees2, Tooba Saeed3, Khaliq Ur Rahman4 and Adila Bashir2
 
...16%), plastics (11%), rubber (6%), and sand/stone (5%). The waste management questionnaire survey showed poor performance in collection (67.5%), treatment (82.5%) and recycling (42.5%). This study proposes that there is no separate organizational set up to separately treat industrial and municipal waste. As a result, it is difficult to manage the recovery of industrial solid waste. Therefore, it is recommended that industrial wastes be handled properly with go...

Muhammad Dawood1,2, Naeem Sarwar2, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha3*, Faiz Hussain4, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal5, Muhammad Akram4, Hammad Husnain5, Muhammad Shahid5, Mussarrat Hussain6 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

...ts (12.54 %) and grain fiber contents (4.15 %) followed by Ujala-2015 and Punjab-2011 and Fsd-2008, however, cultivar, SH-2002 and Auqab-2000 performed poorly in terms of yield and quality. These results suggested that wheat cultivars i.e. Galaxy-2013, Ujala-2015, Punjab-2011 can grow successfully under Faisalabad conditions for getting good yield and quality. Moreover, these cultivars can also be used in future breeding programs for development of high yieldi...

Najam-un-Nisa1, Ruqia Bibi1, Balqees Riaz1, Bushra Khalil1, Iqra Maheen1, Saima1, Uzma Islam Khan1 and Inam Ullah1,2*

...as observed during September to March of the year 2017-1019. Point transect method was used to explore the avifauna diversity at study site. In current study, total of 13,933 birds belonging to 39 species, 21 families were observed. Among these 39 species, 33 bird’s species were terrestrial and the rest of 21 bird’s species were aquatic. In water birds species, Great Egret is the most abundant specie of 2017-18 year, while in 2018-19 year, most abu...
Muhammad Mansha1*, Sidra Yaqub1, Asma Abdul Latif2, Muhammad Wasim3 and Peter C. Thomson4
...tter-spacing: 0.1px;">Number of pregnancies has significant association with premature termination of pregnancies (P = 6 × 10–11). The regression coefficient for number of pregnancies is 0.220 ± 0.029= 1.25× i.e. a 25% increase for each additional pregnancy. There is a significant positive association between premature termination of pregn...
Li Qiao1,2, Quan Zhang1, Shubao Geng1,2, Fangmei Zhang1,2, Junhua Chen1,2 and Shibao Guo1,2,*
...all affected. The egg number every female adult of E. grisescens Warren was reduced 37.36%, 26.17%, 41.88% and 35.11% contrast to the control. The average oviposition rate reduced 16.61%, 11.44%, 11.81% and 8.86% respectively with the supply of four wave lengths at night. Meanwhile, the pre-oviposition period and oviposition period were affected by the four illumination deals of wave lengths. The longevity of male and female adult was decreased, and the...

Milkessa Wakjira, Fikiru Temesgen*, Chala Hailu and Dabesa Wegari

... (45.40%) reduced the number of their employees, 73 (19.60%) laid off their employees as the result of the pandemic crisis. The findings of study are consistent with previous studies and so that national authorities must continue taking a host of measures to provide support to ensure continuity and minimize damage in the small and micro enterprises sector. Therefore, for this study, Policymakers have to come together, and coordinate their work in the financial...

Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza1, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2, Aftab Khan3, Hamdullah1 and Syed Attaullah Shah1

...rice yield in central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A random sample of 275 rice growers was selected from district Swabi, using a multi-stage random sampling procedure. Pre-tested interview schedule was used for collection of data from rice growers. Through Cobb-Douglas type production function (CDPF) data was analyzed. Results indicated that 1 percent increase in labor hours and urea increased yield by 0.411% and 0.231%, respectively, at 0.01 level of α...

Hamida Bibi1*, Dave Rraffaelli2 and Muhammad Sharif1

...nsistency between the number of modes, ASPT and Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) score. If anything, the negative relationship has been revealed between water quality (BMWP score and ASPT) and the number of modes and this negative correlation was significant R2 = 0.5072, p <0.05.

...

Saadu Mustapha1,2, Norsida Man1*,  Jasmin Arif Shah1, Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman1 and Ahmadu Abubakar Tafida3

...duction and the small number of extension agents question old ways of providing valuable knowledge to farmers. The goal was to define the respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics, classify the types of ICT tools adopted by the respondents and identify factors influencing the adoption of ICT in extension service delivery among the respondents. Primary data were obtained using multi-stage cluster sampling technique, using organized questionnaires adminis...

Raheela Noor Memon1*, Nadir Ali Birmani1, Naeem Tariq Narejo2 and Shahnaz Rashid3

...cumented as 41% in September, 40% in August, 36% in October, 33% in June, September (30.76%) and April (25%). During September and October, the helminthes were most abundant, with no infections documented in January, February, March,  July, November, or Decem

Murad Ali* and Said Wahab

...r, District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Samples of fresh and in-use frying mediums (upto five hours) of each Tallow, Ghee and Oil were collected and the whole frying process was properly monitored throughout. All the samples were analyzed for TPM and Acid value at the time of collection with the help of oil testometer DOM-24. A 100 ml of sample from each of the frying mediums was collected and transferred to the Biochemistry Laboratory, University ...

Sheikh Muhammad Azam1,2 and Muhammad Naeem1*

...nutritious status of Scomberoides commersonnianus. Therefore, current study analysis was performed to analyze body composition of the studied fish. A total of 73 specimens of S. commersonnianus having different size, ranged 94.5 to 1183g of body weight and 20.5 to 56.9 cm in total length were randomly chosen from Arabian Sea Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan for analysis of proximate study. The mean percent values of different constituents were 73.95% water, 3.58% ash,...
Zafer Karslı1,*, Dilek Şahin1, Meryem Öz2, Ünal Öz2 and Orhan Aral2
...ining no hormones and numbers of fry produced was recorded. At the end of 90-day feeding period in the first experiment, the best growth was obtained in 60 mg kg-1 Mt treated group (1.97±0.17 g). Sex conversion to all male population (100% male) was observed in 17α-Mt treated groups, while, conversion to 82.22, 86.67 and 86.67% females was observed in 17β-Es treated (20, 40 and 60 mg kg-1) groups, respectively. In the se...
Dia Mamadou1,2*, Meissa Beyah1, Sow Amadou Harouna1, Ba Samba Alassane1, Bouzouma Moustapha1, Braham Cheikh Baye1 and Beibou Ely1
... between August and December. The size of the smallest mature female mature female encountered during this period of experimentation (February 2015 to June 2018) is 213.5 mm TL. Moulting individuals appear from June onwards. The asymptotic length (CL∞) of linear growth of Von Bertalanffy is 237.8 mm. The state of exploitation was studied using the Bayesian length-based biomass (LBB) estimator and indicates overexploitation of the pink lobster stock.
Muhammad Zohaib1, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari1*, Bushra Allah Rakha2* and Ali Akhter2
...ndica; 9%), white mulberry (Moris alba; 9%), sweat orange (Citrus X sinensis; 9%), babul (Vachellia nilotica; 7%), banyan (Ficus bengalensis; 4%), weeping fig (Ficus benjamina; 3%) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera; 3%). The highest number of nests were recorded with clutch size 3 (87%) followed by 2 (11%) and 4 (2%). A total of 154 eggs were observed in 51 nests, from which 10%...
Muhammad Mohsin Javed1*, Muhammad Azhar Nisar2 and 

Muhammad Usman Ahmad2 

...ence between the two chambers is increased the power density increases. Bioelectricity production from molasses has not been studied considerably. Present study describes the use of molasses with different organic loads in MFC-1, MFC-2 and MFC-3 with 10, 15 and 20% of sugar contents, respectively, for bioelectricity production. These MFCs were designed locally and maximum power densities of 72820mW/m2, 104400mW/m2and 44340mW/m2...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Khushi Muhammad2,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal3
...aily by IV route. The members in groups B were treated similarly except that they were not given immune booster. Both groups were treated for three consecutive days. The effectiveness of a particular treatment regime was evaluated on the basis of disappearance of clinical biomarkers, while values of BEF positive animals’ hematological and serum biochemical parameters were analyzed and compared with altered values in different conditions. These physiologi...

Ilker Kepenekci1, F. Dolunay Erdoğuş2 and Adnan Tülek3*

...xt-align: justify;">Strawberry (Fragaria L.) cultivation is widely practiced in Kyrgyzstan, where agriculture plays a significant role in the economy. Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are serious pests of several plants worldwide including straw berry. So far, no record of any plant parasitic nematode (PPN) exists detailing the species found in strawberry growing areas of Kyrgyzstan. This r...

Mohammed Abdel-Mageed Abdel-Aziz Abdel-Mageed1, Eman Alsayed Hammad2*, Nashaat Abdel-Aziz Mahmoud1 and Anas Farag El-Mesalamy1

... the soil reduced the numbers of nematodes better than other methods of application.

...

Mahmoud M.A.Youssef and Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi

...igators reported that number of galls and egg-masses of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on roots of several plants were reduced gradually by increasing gamma irradiation doses. When tomato plants infected by root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita were exposed to combined elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (+100 ppm) and higher temperature (+2oC), tomato shoot dry weight and nematode control were increased compared to prevailing conditions.

...

Yonis Abukar Mohamed1, Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1,2, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1,3*, Abdiaziz Ahmed Mohamud1,3, Kassim Abdullahi Jimale1,2 and Said Ali Ibrahim2

...nducted from June to October 2021 with the objectives to perform an animal welfare assessment and to gain adequate knowledge of the management of working donkeys in Somalia. Both di­rect observational (animal-based) and indirect (owner-based) interviews were used to collect the data. A total of 350 randomly selected working donkeys were examined and 350 donkey owners were interviewed. Of these 56.9%, 24.3%, 18.9%, 79.7%, 65.4%, and 38.3%, 8.9% of donkeys w...

Riaz Alam1*, Muhammad Sajid2 and Durri Shahwar3

...age (77.47%), maximum number of roots (6.38) per layering, root length (7.03 cm), root weight (2.62 g) and more number of re-sprouts (5.57), followed by number of days to root appearance (38.80), rooting percentage (65.73%), number of roots (5.69) and root length (6.14 cm) produced by the saplings of cultivar Frontoio. The layering treated with 2000 ppm ...
Jia Liu1, Zhen Wang1, Zifan Ning1, Ali Mujtaba Shah2,3,Qing Zhu1, Yan Wang1, Huadong Yin1, Zhichao Zhang1, Lu Zhang1, Yaofu Tian1, Diyan Li1,Gang Shu2,4, Lin Ye1 and Xiaoling Zhao1,*
...s that may modulate myofiber growth and thus explain some of the differences in the skeletal muscle phenotype of FG and SG chickens. We collected pectoralis major (PM) and gastrocnemius muscles (GM) on d 1, 7, 28, 49, and 70 post-hatch, and measured the weights of the muscles, diameter and, a density of myofibers, and the expression abundances of MyoD, MyoG, IGF-1, and Pax7. The body weight of FG ...
Seung-Yun Baek1 and Seong-Min Lee2*
...quently from July to October, and RDVCs are higher in male deer than with females in all seasons, except in winter. The clusters in the high-risk periods were more regionally distributed compared to the clusters in the low-risk periods. Regardless of the period, some road sections have been identified as crucial clusters that should be given priority for road fencing to mitigate human-deer conflicts. Our findings could also provide road administrators with pra...
Manar M. Farouk1*, Amal El-Molla1, Fayez A. Salib1 and Yousef A. Soliman2
...ive measures. A total number of 518 diarrheic sheep and goats belonging to 7 mixed flocks of sheep and goats were enrolled and from which rectal swabs were collected and subjected to culture for Salmonella spp. Enterotoxin (stn) gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR), and the PCR amplicons of nine randomly selected strains were purified, sequenced and deposited in the GenBank. The obtained data about disease occurrence were...
Wei Luo 1,2,3, Yongtao Jin 1,2,3, Xuqing Li 1,2,3 and Ke Liu 1,2,3*
...f both the population number and the distribution of all kinds of large herbivores can be estimated. According to the data of domestic herbivores on hand provided by the General grassland station of Qinghai province, the difference percentage of Tibetan sheep, yak, and horse is 7.5%, 8.1%, and 18.7%, respectively.
...
Roheela Yasmeen1*, Laiba Asif1 and Samia Djeffal2
... 1990’s vulture numbers in South East Asia have been in decline, especially the oriental white-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis), thelong-billed vulture (Gyps indicus), and the slender-billed vulture (Gyps tenuirostris). The use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac has been linked to this rapid decline in vulture populations. Diclofenac has been in use since 1974 to treat several problems in ca...
Sohail Anjum1, Awais Ahmad1, Farzana Bibi1 and Hazrat Ali2*
...is bird in Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The house crow population has reached a considerable size in the study area. The species has colonized both rural and urban areas and has dispersed throughout the study area. One of the most important factors for its population increase is the increased number of dumping sites in the area.
...

Muhammad Usman Asif*, Raza Muhammad, Waseem Akbar, Mubasshir Sohail, Muhammad Awais and Javed Asgher Tariq

...rom January 2016 to December 2018 in Tandojam, Pakistan, through pheromone trapping. Results showed that adult moths were present throughout the year in Tandojam. Moth abundance varied among months due to differences in weather conditions and host availability. The greatest moth populations were observed from August to November. Peak abundance occurred in September 2016 and 2017 (103.8 and...
Shoaib ur Rehman1, Jabbar Khan2*, Raaza Malja Khan3, Maimoona Azam4 and Zeeshan Mutahir5
...ents of Karak region, Khyber Pakhunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. During the study, 200 peripheral blood samples were collected both from families having at least one transfusion dependent child and sporadic patients from different areas of karak region. Using the amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique, all samples were analyzed for the most common β-thalassemia mutations reported in Pakistani population. Th...

Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Asif Ali Abro3

...nd raises the average number of milking animals 39.74%. The elasticity of milking animals (0.72%) and agricultural credit (0.139%) is relatively more comparative to education level (0.113%) and family size (0.076 %). In the scenario of findings of the study, it is suggested that policymakers and concerned institutional authorities focus priority to infusion and easy access of credit in formulating easy credit procedures for specifically subsistence farmers whi...

Ruqia Bibi1, Najam-un-Nisa1, Sania Komal1, Hafiza Nimra Ghani Qureshi1, Maryam Safdar1, Hafiza Hina Jameel1, Saman Gul1, Sania Saeed1 and Inam Ullah1,2*

... was observed from September to March 2017-2019. The line-transect method was used to explore the avifauna diversity at the study site. 16371 individuals were observed belonging to 11 families belonging to approximately 38 species during the present study. The relative abundance was found to be 1, the Shannon-wiener diversity index (H´) was calculated as 3.43, the Simpson index (D) was 0.96, and the Evenness was 0.35. Little Cormorant (Microcarbo niger),...

Ayesha Khan1*, Asmatullah2, Urooba Perviaz1, Khalid Nawab1 and Mahmood Iqbal1

... Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The EM-Technology using 128 farmers’ data were gathered from the District Director Agriculture of six districts. Each farmer was interviewed face to face to collect accurate information of EM-Technology used through fermenter. Majority of the farmers 93.8% were provided the EM-Bioaab solution by extension department. The extension department provided training to 96.1% farmers on formation of Extended-Bioaab from ...

Atef El-Sagheer1*, Anas El-Mesalamy1, Abdel-Monem Anany2 and Nashaat Mahmoud1

...nificant reduction in number of J2 in all treatments, compared to the non-inoculated control, where the hatching inhibition and mortality percentages increased with an increase in exposure time. At 24 hours, increased the mean number of J2 hatched slowly than in first stages of experiment. Similar patterns showed against M. javanica infecting squash plants under greenhouse conditions. Data indicated that treatment with P. gu...
Nasir Ali Tauqir1, Asim Faraz2*, Muhammad Arif1, Abdul Rehman1Imtiaz Hussain1, Abdul Waheed2, Gabriele Marino3 and Michela Pugliese3

 

...ME), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) did not show any treatment effect. However, the intake of rumen un-degradable protein, lysine, methionine, and threonine reduced linearly (P<0.01) with decreasing concentrations of these nutrients in the experimental diets. A linear increase (P<0.01) in DM, NDF and ADF degradabilites was recorded with gradually decreased dietary RUP and EAA concentration...
Misbah Sarwar1*, Abdul Hamid2 and Iftikhar Hussain2
...istan, Pakistan from October 2015 to January 2016. The data were collected by questionnaire survey. A total of 110 hunters were interviewed from 10 different hunting camps and record of capturing was documented from 2012 to 2015. The results revealed that 11.8% (n=13) hunters captured the cranes by hand, 36.4% (n=40) hunters captured them by Soai, while 51.4% (n=57) hunters employed both of these methods to capture cranes. In total, 7947 cranes were captured d...
Junli Liu1, Tongfang Yang2 and Lisheng Wu3*
...ll survival rate, the number of colony formation, and the expression of LINC00857 (P<0.05). All were dose-dependent. LINC00857 targets and regulates miR-340. Overexpression of LINC00857 or inhibition of miR-340 evidently reduced the expression levels of P21, Caspase-3 and apoptosis in U2OS cells after homoharringtonine treatment, and remarkably improved cell survival rate and colony formation (P<0.05). It is concluded that homoharringtonine...

Rasool Bux Kalhoro1, Ghulam Mustafa Laghari2*, Ghulam Hyder Jamro2 and Muhammad Ibrahim Keerio2

...ule formation and the number of nodules plant-1 were not significantly affected by seed rates, except row spacings. The 60cm row spacing had a positive relationship with nodules formation and their number in plant roots. In the case of crop growth rate (gm-2 day-1) and net assimilation rate (gm-2 day-1), both were significantly higher 0.719-0.707 and 17.46 to 17.12 gm-2 day-1 at 45 cm row spacing in combination with differen...

Samreen Khan*, Salma Javed, Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasira Kazi

...trict Lakki Marwat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Extensive surveys carried out in the months of October 2019 to February 2020. Total 73 soil samples retrieved from multiple fruits, vegetables, ornamental flowers, medicinal plants and other commercially important trees from different four sites of district Lakki Marwat and subsequently assessed the presence of EPNs using last instar larva of greater wax moth Galleria mellon...
Sadaf Ashraf1, Masood Ahmed Siddiqui1*, Kanwal Nisa1, Samar Ali1 and Naeem Rashid2
...ristic of GH13 family members. Recombinant Pcal_0222 was purified to apparent homogeneity using cation exchange and gel filtration column chromatographies. Purified Pcal_0222 exhibited optimal α-amylase activity at 85°C and pH 5.5. The activity was not dependent on any metal ion. The hyperthermophilic nature and metal ion independence make it a suitable candidate for both basic as well as applied research.
...
Khanitta Ruangwittayanusorn1, Doungnapa Promket1*, Kamonnate Pimrueng1, Jennarong Kammongkun2
... were detected on egg number at 360 days (EN360) and egg per month (EM) (P<0.05). The chickens carrying the CC genotype had higher EN360 and EM (189.82 eggs and 15.81 eggs) and the ones carrying the TC (180.98 eggs and 15.08 eggs) and the TT genotype (176.38 eggs and 14.69 eggs) was non-significant. The VIP polymorphism were associated on egg number at 270 days (EN270), EN360 and EM (P<0.01). The DD genotype had...

Md. Sanjid Hasan1, A K M Humayun Kober1, Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana2, Md Saiful Bari1,3,4* 

...ing the period from December 2017 to May 2018. For this, 264 milk samples and 155 swab samples were collected from 50 different dairy farms available in CMA and Patiya Upazila. A pretested questionnaire was implemented during sample collection for identifying the associated risk factors of udder lesions and SCM, and to identify the association of udder lesions with SCM. Clinical inspection, palpation and observation were the main tools for determining the udde...
Teuku Fadlon Haser1*, Muh. Saleh Nurdin2, Eddy Supriyono3, Deni Radona4, Fauziah Azmi1 , Kukuh Nirmala3, Widanarni3, Tri Heru Prihadi4, Tatag Budiardi3 and Riris Yuli Valentine5
...ducted from July to December 2019. Mahseer samples were obtained from fishermen who captured the fish using gillnet with mesh size 1.5-2.0 inch. The specimens collected were placed in a coolbox and transported to the Aquatic Resources Management Department of IPB University in Bogor for further analysis. Regression, chi-square, Mann Whitney test and t-test were applied to analyze reproductive biology parameters. There was no significant between-site difference...

Mohammed Naji Ahmed Odhah1,2*, Dhary Alewy Almashhadany6, Abdullah Garallah Otaifah7, Bashiru Garba5, Najeeb Mohammed Salah2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse4*, Mohd Azam Khan G.K3 

...rom January 2019 to November 2020. During this period, a total of 29,071 and 5,705 samples were collected from local and imported food animals respectively. The results of analysed samples revealed that the distribution of the hydatid cysts among the local slaughtered animals were 318 (11 .63%), 613 (5.41%), and 28 (6.08%) for cattle, sheep, and goats respectively for the year of 2019 whereas in the year 2020, the results were 235 (9.69%), 685 (5.74%) and 32 ...
Longjun Guo*, Jiaqi Teng, Juan Wang and Yukun Chen
...rom January 2018 to December 2018 were selected as study subjects, with 58 patients with leukoarais as the experimental group, and 60 patients without leukoarais in the same period as the control group. ELISA was used to detect τ (Tau) protein expression level in the cerebrospinal fluid of the two groups. DTI technique was taken to compare DTI anisotropic diffusion coefficients of the two groups. According to our results there was a statistically significa...
Muhammad Anwarullah1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Usman1*,Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1Muhammad Husnain1,Ahsan Anjum3, Qurratulain Ashraf4 and Ghulam Mustafa3

...ium sub sp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in cattle and buffalo. Diarrhea is a major risk factor for MAP, so 1100 blood samples were collected from diarrheic animals or having history of some diarrheic episodes from four districts of Punjab i.e. Kasur (n=300), Rawalpindi (n=230), Lahore (n=230) and Bahawalpur (n=340). These samples were tested using ELISA and overall seroprevalence found was 39.64%. The major host-associated and non-associated risk factors...
Weihao Chen1, 2, Zhilong Tian1, Lin Ma1, Shangquan Gan3, Wei Sun2, 4* and Mingxing Chu1*
...ies of clock genes. A number of studies have revealed the role of circadian rhythms in the estrous mode of mammals. In the present study, the expression patterns of six canonical clock genes (Clock, BMAL1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1 and Per2) were analyzed in year-round estrous rams (Small Tail Han sheep, STH) and seasonal estrous rams (Sunite sheep, SNT). The result showed that all six genes were expressed in brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, te...

Muhammad Waryam Warraich1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Fakhar Mujeeb3, Muhammad Zeeshan Maznoor1, Aneela Riaz4 and Sarfraz Hussain2

...gth of spike (11.04), number of fertile tillers (5.67), 1000 grains weight (39.26 g) and grain count per spike (51).

...
Muhammad Taqi1, Shazia Erum2, Shamaila Rasheed2, Sadar Uddin Siddiqui2 and Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi2*
... pressure on Caralluma tuberculata plants resulting in the disappearance of its wild populations in different mountainous regions in Pakistan. A proficient way for large-scale and fast propagation of C. tuberculata through in-vitro organogenesis was carried out at in-vitro lab, Bio-resources Conservation Institute, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan. Nodal-tips as explants were grown on MS salts enriched with diverse plant growth reg...

Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Umar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan2, Ijaz Ahmed3, Amir Manzoor1, Muhammad Saqib Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan Arif1 and Asif Nawaz1

... along with different number of lines of pearl millet and mung bean i.e., 1, 2 and 3 in the form of strips for comparison. The results showed that intercropping significantly reduced density and dry biomass of weeds per unit area. Moreover, the biological yield, grain yield and the harvesting index of pearl millet and mung bean were also affected significantly under different sowing geometries. Both crops growth and yield was increased in the narrow row spacin...

Sanjeela Sabahat1*, Juliya Abbasi2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Saima Mumtaz1, Taj Naseeb Khan1, Sudheer Tariq1 and Muhammad Imran1

...xt-align: justify;">Strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa) is a widely grown fruit crop known for its color, aroma and texture. The fruit is enriched with vitamin C, manganese and antioxidants. In Pakistan, except for a few low-temperature regions, it is mainly grown as an annual fruit crop where runners are transplanted every year. Owing to its short growing period and high profitability, it is mostly produced by small scale farmers. However, the changing climate fr...

Aftab Ahmad Sheikh1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Belqees Akhter1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Hafeezullah Rafa1, Abdul Wakeel1, Abdul Manan Saeed2

..., crude protein, crude fiber, phosphorus, and calcium contents were envaulted at the physiological maturity of crop, four months after the sowing of crop. Results revealed that water salinity adversely affected the quantitative and qualitative attributes of sorghum crop and negative effects were more pronounced with higher level of salinity ECiw (10 dS m-1). Irrigation with higher level of salinity ECiw (10 dS m-1) decresed the plant height (9%), fresh fodder ...

Vahid Mollasadeghi1,2* and Samaneh Elyasi1,2

...hyll a, b, leaf area, number of leaves, stem length and tuber weight. The results showed that the symptoms of PVY were completely distinguishable on the leaves of tobacco plants compared to PVY on the leaves of Agria. PVY-infected leaves were more curled and paler than healthy leaves of cultivars Agria. The results of analysis of variance of the evaluated traits showed that the effect of PVY virus treatment was significant o...

M. Hanafy1, Rehab Elhelw2, Soliman M. Soliman3, Sherif Marouf2* 

...c characterization of members of Pasteurella species isolated from camel from different governorates in Egypt. Camels with respiratory manifestation as nasal discharge, fever, off food, with ocular discharge and air gasping, paralysis of lips and salivation were subjected to clinical examination and a total of 141 samples were collected as follow; 111 nasopharyngeal swabs, 15 tracheal swabs and 15 lung specimens collected from camels from different governorate...

Noha M. El-Shabrawy1, Atef M. Kamel2, Aza S. Goda1, Gehad R. Donia1, Ahmed M. Salah-Eldein2* 

...ult in increasing the number of pollutants introduced into the environment. Continuous monitoring of such pollutants required an indicator sensitive to environmental toxins and represents its accumulative effect. The aim of the present study is to determine the preferable tissue and bird that can be used as a bio-indicator for heavy metals pollution in El-Salam Canal which is considered as an important source of water for land irrigation and drinking of livest...

Arshad Farooq1, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Asif Nawaz3*, Iltaf Ullah4 and Hidayatullah5

...sadda and Nowshera of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province during 2020 with main objectives to measure farmers’ knowledge level in fourteen climate smart recommended agricultural production technologies. The data were collected randomly from 60 sample respondents comprised of 30 respondents each from Charsadda and Nowshera districts through pre-tested interview schedule. The empirical results indicated that majority (68%) farmers of both districts had medium know...

Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Ibadullah Jan2, Imad Khan1, Raheela Taj3, Mumtaz Ali Khan4, Salah-ud-din4, Naimat Ullah Khan1

..."text-align: justify;">Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable and chronic infection triggered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is one amongst neglected zoonotic disease (NZD) caused by Mycobacterium bovis; has an economic importance with public health significance and life-threatening infection at the human-animal-ecosystem interface in low-resource settings and ...
Samaria Nisar1, Tariq Manzoor Khan1, Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal1, Rahmat Ullah2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta3*, Saghir Ahmad3, Amna Bibi3, Hafeez ur Rehman4, Umar Farooq4 and Muhammad Zubair Ishaq5
...SW), yield/plant (YP), fiber fineness (FF), fiber length (FL), and fiber strength (FS) all revealed substantial variation in the analysis of variance (FS). The goal of this research was to quantify variability and conduct a correlation analysis to see potential for selection in the F2 population. Plant height (cm) was found to have a positive relationship with boll weight, bolls/plant, fi<...

Nguyen Binh Truong1,2,3*, Nguyen Van Thu3 

...s of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on feed intake, nutrients digestibility, rumen parameters and nitrogen retention of crossbred beef cattle (Black Angus × Zebu crossbred). Four male cattle at 17.5±1.78 (Mean±SD) months of age with an average live weight of 262±20.5 kg (Mean±SD) was allocated in a 4x4 Latin square design. The treatments were 47, 51, 55 and 59% NDF in diets corresponding to NDF47, NDF51, NDF55 and NDF59 treatme...

Qurban Ali1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Asad Aslam1*, Muhammad Shehzad2, Muhammad Jamal2, Humaira Malik1, Imran Nadeem1, Aqsa Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Saleem1, Tamsila Nazir1 and Kanwal Hanif1

...lated by counting the number of eggs per stem and antibioses was assessed by counting the number of infested leaves and survival rate of pest. The results revealed that H. armigera infestation started to appear during the second fortnight of February that continued to increase till the crop maturity. Lowest number of eggs (115) were recorded on K01308 while K09012 and K01242 were found to ...

Abbas M. Al-Azab1*, Ahmed A. Zaituon2, Khalid M. Al-Ghamdi3, Fahd M. Abd Al Galil4,5 

...ch, April, May, and December has shown a significant increase. Two peaks for the seasonal abundance of the adults were showed in April, January, October and December, because of the optimum climatic condations (temperature and humidity) in those months.

Keywords | Aedes aegypti, Immature stages, Surveillance, Dengue fever, Jeddah city 

...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1, Zhensheng Liu1*, Liwei Teng1* and Ejaz ur Rehman2
...in Nowshera district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (KP), Pakistan from an inventory conducted from November 2018 to July 2019. Selected locations were scanned by walking and grey literature was used. Five of the recorded species were found in captive breeding facilities while rest of the species were recorded exclusively from the wild. Order Artiodactyla was the most diverse group represented by 7 species from 5 genera in 3 f...

Ali Zohaib*, Muzzammil Hussain, Iftikhar Ahmad and Adnan Bashir

...uccessively increased number of plants per tray and per hill after transplanting while decreased the root length and root/shoot ratio of rice. Plant height was not affected significantly by seeding rate. Highest increase in number of productive tillers (8%), 1000-grain weight (8%), total dry biomass (14-17%) and grain yield (10-16%) was caused by 90 g seed per tray, as compared to 110 g seed per tray. Order of grain yield pr...

Mohammed Sirajul Islam1,2*, Nurhusien Yimer1*, Wahid Haron1 , Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1, Mark Hiew Wen Han1, Mamat-Hamidi Kamalludin3, Wan-Nor Fitri1, Ubedullah Kaka4, Abdul Quddus1,5 

...ms of attaining age at puberty and sexual maturity earlier, whereas KK × Brangus bulls were better for growth performance.

Keywords | Kedah-Kelantan bull, Age, Average daily gain, Body weight, Sexual maturity 

...

Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1 and Juma Gul2

...n. Mardan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has different habitats; it represents a useful ecological model to identify the effect of habitat heterogeneity on bird communities. We conducted the study to explore the local avian fauna and to compare its composition and diversity in different habitats. Bird species were identified employing point counts method in urban area; agricultural area with small forest chunk and water body. Twenty four point counts were plot...

K.M. Injarul Haque, Sharmeen Islam*, Md. Rokibul Islam Khan, Md. Ruhul Amin 

...dry matter (DM), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), and ash were declined (p<0.05) in all the treatments (T1, T2, and T3) compared to control T0. In the consideration of results among all the treatments, T2 and T3 up to 28 days were desirable for the preparation of silage. To sum up, rumen content can be utilized in rice straw and napier leftovers in silage preparation which provides a low-cost quality ruminant feed by reducing the environmental pollutio...

Ghulam Abbas, Sultan Mahmood*, Ahsan ul Haq and Haq Nawaz

... on feed consumption, number of eggs produced, egg weight and egg mass laid by the birds were recorded. These data were used for the calculation of feed conversion ratios on the basis of per dozen eggs and per kg egg mass produced. Five eggs from each replicate were checked weekly for their shell thickness, yolk index, albumen index, haugh unit score, yolk pH, albumen pH, specific gravity and yolk cholesterol. The results revealed that dietary inclusion of sod...

Yan Jiang1,2, Xia Tao3,4 and Hongxia Chen5,6*

...n our hospital from December 2015 to December 2017 were divided into study group (n=46) and control group (n=46) based on a computer-generated random number table. On the basis of conventional treatment, the control group was given prednisone and cyclophosphamide treatment, and the study group was given rituximab-assisted prednisone and cyclophosphamide treatment, both of which were treate...

Syed Sikandar Habib1*, Saira Naz2, Sehar Khalid3, Rimsha Kanwal2, Iqra Ameer1, Sadia Nawaz1 Aamir Khan4, Abid Ur Rehman5, Muqaddas Kousar6, Shafa Ullah Khan7 and Nadia Nazir7

...ted randomly into four fiber glass tanks in triplicates (each tank contains 10 fishes). The experimental diet was prepared with variant concentration of mushroom such as 0% (control group) and 2%, 4% and 6% of extractions for the other three groups. Duration of the experimental work was six weeks. Water quality parameters including temperature was 29 ± 0.5, DO: 5.7 ± 0.04 and pH: 7.5. Results revealed that the 6% Agaricus bisporus has shown highe...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Satria Ibnu Lenanto, Akhmad Dakhlan, Muhamad Dima Iqbal Hamdani 

...male Saburai goats in Sumberejo District, Tanggamus Regency. A total of 100 female of Saburai goats aged one year were used in this study. This research data uses primary and secondary data taken from direct observations in the field and livestock recording data from Sumberejo District. The method used is a survey method, the research sample was determined by purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using the paternal half...

Arshad Ali Lashari1, Shakal Khan Korai1*, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani1, Khalid Hussain Qureshi1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1, Amir Khan Korai1 and Punhoon Khan Korai2*

...wed that, the maximum number of jassid (12.40±0.99) was recorded on the yellow trap followed by green (7.70±0.85) and blue (1.60±0.22), whereas the minimum number (0.50±0.16) was recorded on red trap in all mustard varieties. The maximum thrip (54.30±1.89) was recorded on yellow trap followed by green (18.20±1.22) and blue (7.40±0.70), whereas the minimum num

Tintin Rostini1*, Irwan Zakir1, Danang Biyatmoko2 

..., and acidic detergent fiber (ADF), average daily body weight gain, feed conversion, and blood metabolic profile (total protein, glucose, cholesterol, Ca and P). A mixture of yeast and curcuma supplementation from local feed-based rations significantly improved the performance of the Jawarandu Goat. concluded that the use of 0.5% yeast and 2% temulawak was the best in goat ration supplementation. Based on the results, it was concluded that the use of yeast an...
Imran Bodlah1*, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Muhammad Farooq Nasir1, Tariq Mahmood2 and Muhammad Asif3
...up of insects. Palaeolindbergiella simlae (Crawford, 1912) belongs to this group and is a serious pest of Bauhinia variegate Linn. The Genus Palaeolindbergiella Heslop-Harrison, 1961 has only 3 species records from the world. Immature stages of this species are 5 which have been described with the help of coloured micro-graphs. Male and female genitalia have been described using line drawings and coloured drawings. Main diag...

Chunjie Song1, Shangquan Gan2 and Xiaoyun Shen1,3*

...dehyde (MDA), and the number of white blood cell (WBC) in 3 drug delivery groups were extremely significantly lower (P<0.01) than the control group, and the contents of potassium (K), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the 3 drug delivery groups were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of control group, but there were no remarkable differences between the 3 drug delivery groups. The ...

Keqiang Wei1*, Yue Wei2 and Changxia Song1

...have found that three members, i.e. p38, RelA (p65) and Nrf2 are evolutionarily conserved, but the specific cells responsible for their synthesis and function have not been well characterized in crustaceans. In this work, we applied an immunohistochemical method to investigate their cellular localization and expression in hepatopancreas of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), a commercially important aquaculture species in China. Using polyclonal antibodi...

Khadim Hussain Memon1,*, Amir Mahmood Memon2, Tahira Jabeen Ursani3, Abdul Manan Shaikh1 and Sapna Waheed Memon1

... were collected from October 2015 to March 2016. The total length (TL) was ranged from 14-78 cm and average total length was 31±12.266 cm with CV=0.390. The total weight was ranged from 41 to 4939 g and average weight was 434±772.064 g with CV= 1.777 for the combined data. The pooled length weight relationship was estimated as a= 0.0126, b2.8968 R2= 0.984. Length frequency of combined data was used in FISAT-II software which incorporates both von...

Irshad Ahmad1,2*

... and United States. A number of insect pests including red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier) that is a devastating insect attacking palm trees. It is very difficult to control as its entire lifecycle is hidden inside the host trunk. To overcome this pest, integrated pest management program (IPM) strategy can be adopted that includes visual inspection, behavior management through pheromones, sanitation of the crop and field, removal of the infeste...

Amira Mahmoud Refaie1*, Marwa Hosni Abd El-Maged2, Hassan Abd El-Kriam Hassan Abd El-Halim2, Hanan Abd El-Rahman Hassan Alghonimy2, Sayed Ahmed Mohamed Shaban1 

... laying hens. A total number of 240 Fayoumi chicken hens were classified into two equal experiments, 120 hens each (4 groups × 3 replicates × 10 birds). In each experiment, birds were divided into 4 treatment groups as follow: Normal control, positive control (0.0125% Butylated hydroxytoluene; BHT), 0.1% and 0.3% DPP, respectively. The DPP was used in two forms i.e., powder (DPP) for Exp.1 and aqueous extract (DPPE) for Exp.2. The results revealed ...

Yuan Zhang1, Qingyue Han1, Peiquan Du1, Yi Lu1, Lianmei Hu1, Sadaqat Ali2, Khalid Mehmood2, Sajid Hameed2, Zhaoxin Tang1, Hui Zhang1* and Ying Li1*

 

...luid revealed a large number of lymphoblasts. The above symptoms could be combined to make a preliminary diagnosis of lymphoma in dogs. To further determine the type of lymphoma, the H and E, and immunohistochemistry were done. The immunohistochemical test exposed the immunophenotype positive for CD79a. Finally, B-cell (CD79a) polycentric lymphoma was confirmed. This case report introduces the diagnostic methods of IHC and immunohistochemistry, rarely used in ...

Yuan Zhang1, Qingyue Han1, Peiquan Du1, Yi Lu1, Lianmei Hu1, Sadaqat Ali2, Khalid Mehmood2, Sajid Hameed2, Zhaoxin Tang1, Hui Zhang1* and Ying Li1*

 

...luid revealed a large number of lymphoblasts. The above symptoms could be combined to make a preliminary diagnosis of lymphoma in dogs. To further determine the type of lymphoma, the H and E, and immunohistochemistry were done. The immunohistochemical test exposed the immunophenotype positive for CD79a. Finally, B-cell (CD79a) polycentric lymphoma was confirmed. This case report introduces the diagnostic methods of IHC and immunohistochemistry, rarely used in ...

Shaokun Lu1,2, Ronghua Li1,2*, Chunlin Wang1,2, Changkao Mu1,2 and Weiwei Song1

...atabase of Portunus trituberculatus. Polymorphism evaluation was tested on 30 wild individuals of P.trituberculatus collected from Xiangshan, Zhejiang province, China. The minor allele frequency ranged between 0.292 and 0.500, with an average of 0.384. The expected and observed heterozygosities (He and Ho) ranged from 0.422 to 0.545 and from 0.000 to 1.000 respectively. Four loci were found deviate significantly from Hardy-W...

Sherif Abdelghany1, Lynda Allouche2, Ahmed A. Abd El-Maksoud3, Ehab N. Daoud4, Saleh A. Kandeal1, Mohamed A. Radwan1* 

...corded, while a total number of 84 milk samples were collected on the tenth day of the trial and at the last day of the trail. In addition, 16 blood samples were collected for both groups. Milk composition, somatic cell count (SCC), and bacterial profile were evaluated. The results indicated that the average milk yield was higher in the treatment group, which increased by 10.3%, while the fat % was decreased by 21-25% compared with the control group. The physi...

Saeed Ahmed Essote1, Asim Iqbal1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2*, Asmatullah Kakar1, Imran Taj2, Shahab-ud-Din Kakar1 and Imran Ali 3,4*

...a viz., Boiga (6.8%) Coluber (10.1%), Eirenis (2.5%), Lycodon (3.5%), Lytorhynchus (6.1%), Oligodon (4.7%), Natrix (1.7%), (7.5%), Ptyas (2.9 %) Spalerosophis (6.3%) and Psammophis. The Viperidae family has been on the second in occurrence with four genera viz., Echis (4.5%), Eristocophis (2.4%), Psudocerastes (2.9%) and Vipera (3.5%). The Typhlopidae (Ramphotyplops 5.8%, Typlops 4.6%) and Elapidae (Bungarus 6.3%, Naja 5.3%) families were represented with two ...

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed*1, Ali Zachi Abdulqader Alhilfi2, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Imran Khatri1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano3, Qurban Ali4, Imran Ali Rajput5 and Muhammad Akbar Lashari1

... (BPH) is followed by numbers of strides by both genders and influenced with age. In the present study, the age of male for 1-7 days and female 1-10 days was selected to observe the different parameters {male response time (MRT), male arrival time (MAT), male arresting time (MATt), number of times male extended genitalia (MEG), total pre-mating time (TPMT), mating duration (MD), female calling latency and female rejecting ra...

Tran Thi Bich Ngoc1,2, Ninh Thi Huyen1,2, Nguyen Cong Oanh2, Pham Kim Dang2* 

...ter, neutral detergent fiber, and phosphorus than those fed CONT diet. A significant decrease in ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations were observed in diets with PROB or ORAC or PROR, with lower values for PROR diet. In conclusion, in grower-finisher pigs, dietary supplementation of either PROB or ORAC as a single product or their combination had improvements in performance parameters, nutrient digestibility, and fecal NH3 and H2S emissions ...
Seble Mulugeta1 and Amenu Leta2*
...e, education, income, number of livestock owned, land size holding, and training were significant to adopt technologies. The multinomial model indicated that age, family size, land size holding, Income, livestock ownership, education, and training have significant to modern and mixed energy choicesin references to traditional energy. The study suggested that continues training and education are required to enhance households’ awareness concerning renewab...

Mahreen Alam*, Muhammad Ashfaq, Sarfraz Hassan and Asghar Ali 

...is declining due to a number of factors, including water pollution. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of poor groundwater quality on the milk yield of dairy animals. Groundwater samples were analyzed for the Total Dissolved Solid, Electric Conductivity, and potential Hydrogen. The groundwater quality was good at the tail, marginal at the middle, and poor at the head reaches of the distributary. Primary data were collected from 300 respondents along 1...

Hera Gul Mohmmand1, Rozina Gul1, Hamayoon Khan2, Sheraz Ahmed1*, Laila Fayyaz1, Ajmalud Din1 and Imtiaz Ali1

... on plant height, pod number plant-1, seed number pod-1, seed number plant-1, 100-seed weight, seed yield and harvest index. Amongst genotypes, highly significant variation was observed for the studied characters. Similarly, significant results were obtained for genotype by environment (GE) interaction for all traits except plant height. Application of phosphorus enormously improved seed y...

Syukriah Syukriah1, Ulinnuha Nur Faizah2, Hendry T.S. Saragih3*, Rizki Fitrawan Yuneldi4, Soenarwan Hery Poerwanto5, Raden Roro Upiek Ngesti Wibawaning Astuti5, Stephan Immenschuh6 

...pring mice in Plasmodium berghei infection. A Complete randomized design was used in this study, in which 25 mice were divided into five groups. Group 1 as a control group, consisted of non-pregnant and Plasmodium-uninfected mice, group 2 comprised pregnant and uninfected mice, group 3 to 5 were pregnant mice and were infected with 1 x 101iRBCs, 1 x 102 iRBCs, and 1 x 103 iRBCs respectively. On the fourth day of post-treatment, the parasite level was calculate...

Martha Echioda Ogbole*, James Agbo Ameh, Samuel Mailafia, Olatunde Hamza Olabode and Bridget Jessica Adah

...n (LASV-RT- PCR). The number of suspected and confirmed cases as well as total deaths and case fatality rates in the years under review were collated. Out of the total number of 17,777 suspected cases, 2959 cases were confirmed positive for LF by a laboratory test, while 781 deaths were recorded. Annual distribution of LF showed significant increase in number of cases with 152 (9.6%) confi...

Oce Astuti1, La Sara2*, Muzuni3 and Safilu4

...s, sexed, counted its number, and analyzed its spatial and temporal CC and SR. The Chi-square test (α = 0.05) was used to test significant differences of expected 1: 1 SR. It was 12 DC species had been identified which BSCs were found at the entire stations and all years round. It had high CC at each station ranging 21.561–79.176% which was found the highest at station A, while CC in each month ranging 43.023–71.898% which was mostly found in...

Yao Zou, Shien Ren, Miao Xu, Nannan Liang, Xuxin Zhang, Chongxuan Han and Xiaoning Nan

Abdul Jabbar*, Anees-Ul-Hussnain Shah, Abdul Basit, Ghulam Ahmad, Aftab Ahmad Khan, Suleman Raza, Muhammad Sultan Ali Bazmi, Imtiaz Akram Khan Niazi and Ahmad Hussain

...ds on seed production of berseem (SB-11) was directed at Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan during 2017-18 and 2018-19. Different sowing methods, broadcast and row spacing of 15cm, 30cm, 45cm, 60cm apart were used. Plant height (cm), number of capsules/m2, number of seeds/capsule, 1000-grains weight (g) and seed yield (kg/ha) parameters were studied. It was observed that sowing ...
Furqan Awan1,2, Sadia Nawaz3, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3,*, Asia Iqbal4, Raheela Akhtar5, Sehrish Firyal3, Haleema Sadia6, Arshad Javid4, Muhammad Rashid7, Muhammad Sulman Ali Taseer8 and Zhenling Zeng1
...winter season, higher number of cases (n=34; from November to February) was recorded as compared to other seasons. To explore further important features, non-linear categorical PCA was employed. Prominently canine populations in the vicinity were found to be more varied. This is the first epidemiological study done in Pakistan that has identified some novel trends and circumstances regarding the CTVT.

...

Murat Kulekçi1, Ecevit Eyduran2, Ayaz Yusuf Altın2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3*

...keeping (yes and no), number of full beehives and bee race (Caucasian and others), were elaborated. In MARS algorithm, no over-fitting problem was observed under a set of explanatory variables consisting of number of full beehives and total honey production, whereas Bagging MARS captured the interaction effects of number of full beehives with educational degree and other working areas. The...
Muhammad Qasim Mazari1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1,*, Hasina Baloch1, Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro2, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rehana Buriro1, Asmatullah Kaka1, Fahmida Parveen1, Mazhar Hussain Mangi3, Ghulam Murtaza Lochi1, Abdul Ahad Soomro4, Ali Gul Soomro1, Abdul Ghaffar Abbasi1 and Sarfraz Hussain Depar1
...ugh Single Intradermal Tuberculin Test (SITT) then positive and negative reactors of SITT were further investigated through Rapid BTB Ab test, culture examination and ELISA test. Risk factors such as sex, age, health status, lactating, non-lactating and breed were also investigated. In district Mirpurkhas prevalence was 4%, 15%, 2%, 1%, while in district Badin it was 5%, 18%, 3%, 2% through SITT, Rapid BTB Ab test, culture examination and ELISA test, respectiv...
Dyah Roeswitawati1*, Iva Kristova1, Muhidin Muhidin1, Otto Endarto2, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum3,4, Irum Iqrar5,6 and Luqman Ali Shah7
 
...nesia from July to September 2017. The study was a factorial experiment, the 1st factor is the type of natural pesticides: A1 = soursop leaves, A2 = papaya leaves, A3 = chrysanth leaves. The 2nd factor is the concentration of natural pesticides: B1 = 5 %, B2 = 10 %, B3 = 15 %. Pesticide persistence was observed based on the mortality rate of the red mite phase of the imago. The results showed that the pesticide persistence test of im...
Damat Damat1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Juris Burlakovs3, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile4
Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Rista Anggriani1 and Anas Tain5
... added to increase the fiber content. A disadvantage of analog rice is its bland taste, which can be improved by adding spices and seaweed, expected to increase the functional value. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of various seaweed pulp concentrations and spice formulations on the characteristics of analog rice. Various formulas of concentrated seaweed pulp (5 g, 10 g, and 15 g) and spice formulations (onion, garlic, ginger, turmeric,...

Sajad Ali Solangi1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano1*, Rehana Naz Syed1, Sohail Ahmed Otho2, Khadim Hussain Wagan1, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed2, Fahad Nazir Khoso2, Aftab Raza Jarwar3 and Suman Tarique Qazi1

...Significantly minimum number of whiteflies was recorded in variety Lima (2.3 whiteflies), Advanta-1209 (2.3 whiteflies), Kiara (2.4 whiteflies) followed by Advanta-1211 (2.5 whiteflies). There was non-significant relationship of vector insect with both incidence as well severity of tomato leaf curl disease, r2= 0.07068, P= 0.8272 and r2= 0.2869, P= 0.3660, respectively. Based on the results, it is concluded that the minimum incidence and severity of tomato lea...

Arif Mehmood*, Muhammad Naeem and Ata-ul-Mohsin

... spp. through March-November. Armigeres spp. through January-November, Aedes spp. through April-November and Lutzia spp. were found in the months January-March and June-November. Seasonal distribution pattern is an asset in controlling any epidemic occurred due to mosquito vector. This pattern informs about the active period, favorable temperature and hu...

Saima Parveen1, Altaf Mahmood2*, Ayesha Azad3, Sajid Umar4, Nosheen Shoukat6, Mirza Muhammad Arsalan Azam5, Qurat-Ul-Ain5 and Nausheen Akhtar Malik1

...anuary 2013 through December 2017 in order to assess the disease burden on broilers reared in different open type poultry houses. Out of total 658 commercial farms with capacity of 4221800 broilers, across Chakwal, a representative sample of 70 farms with capacity of 448000 broilers was randomly selected for collection and analysis of disease data. Five years’ data of these randomly selected farms revealed highest (44.64%) crude morbidity during monsoon ...

Javed Khan1, Abdul Majid1, Mohammad Nisar2*, Ali Hazrat2, Nausheen Nazir3, Muhammad Zahoor3, Mohammad Ihsan2, Azhar Hussain Shah1, Muhamad Ajmal Khan4 and Muhammad Yahya1

...n District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, mostly used for medicinal purposes. In the present study, total 50 genotypes of Alnus nitida were collected from Dir lower and evaluated for morphological traits (leaf, petiole, nut, and catkin size). A significant level of variations was observed in the size of the leaf (10.22%), petiole (24.84%), catkin (9.19%), and nut (3.08%). There is a significant correlation between petiole size and leaf size, which is...

Noor Muhammad* and Shah Alam Khan

...d well despite higher number of aphids found on itas compared its other counterparts “Abaseen, Omega and KS-75” and hence, was identified as tolerant to mustard aphid. This cultivar also exhibited strong vigor against mustard aphid and minimal symptoms of damages were observed. The yield losses based on DWT and TI in susceptible cultivar “Abaseen”was 40.79%, whereas it was 23.56% in Zahoor which confirmed the reduced percent yield losse...

Maid Zaman1*, Imtiaz Ali Khan1, Amjad Usman1 and Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi2

...cts had equal species number (05) but different type of species from the genera Heterotermes (02), Odontotermes (04) and Angulitermes (01). Genus Odontoteremes is more strengthened (57%) in number of species followed by genus Heterotermes (29%) and genus Angulitermes (14%). In district Buner, wood and Pinus were mostly attacked by the various species. Similarly, in district Haripur, wood was most attacked followed by grasses...

Wafaa M.A. Ghoneem, Reham R. El-Tanany and Adel E.M. Mahmoud*

...) of dry matter, crude fiber, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, and feeding value expressed as digestible crude protein. And there were insignificant (P<0.05) differences between G1 and G2 in the digestibility (%) of OM, CP, ADF, and TDN values. While the highest nutrients digestibility and nutritive value were recorded in G3 (2% zeolite addition) Rumen parameters were in the normal range and with insignificant (P<0.05) differences among groups. The ...

Neelam Saba and Saba Irshad*

...Lahore (March 2016-September 2019). Children under 15 years of age (mean age=2.2 ± 1.03 years) and diagnosed with congenital or acquired cataract were included in the study. Among 192 cases of cataract 166 were of congenital and 26 were of acquired cataract during childhood. Among 166 congenital cases, 97(58.4%) cases were bilateral and 69 (41.6 %) were unilateral. Maximum number of cases of congenital cataract was ob...

Sozan A.A. Ismaeil1*, Hassan Emam2 

... collagen, and elastic fibers with silver, Crossman, and Orcein stains respectively and faint positive reaction with PAS while in the liver of Ibis was vice versa. This study aims to understand normal gross anatomy and histology of the liver in Young Homing Pigeons and Cattle Egrets. It can be concluded that the presence of gall bladder and absence of it and habit of feeding significantly affected the gross and histological structure of the liver.

Keyw...

Riaz Shah1*, Shaikha Hilal Al Ismaili2, Sheikha S. Al-Siaby1, Amal Mohammed Al Nasiri2, Thuraiya Hafidh Al Maskari2, Jamal AlSabahi3 and Huda Al-Ruqaishi3

... which had the lowest number of volatile compounds (21). The fresh organic Belgian basil had the lowest amount of oil (325±12 µL per 100 g) but the highest number of compounds (35). α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, cineole, β-linalool, camphor, α-terpineol, β-elemen, α-bergamotene, β-eudesmene, δ-guaiene, γ-muurolene, δ-cadi...
Muhammad Faisal Riaz1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1 and Talha Nazir2
...rict Sargodha. From November to April 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, about 51,000 apterous adult aphid specimens were collected from various plantations from all six tehsils of district Sargodha and were identified up to species level. Richness and relative abundance of different aphid species were determined by calculating Shannon Wiener’s (H’), Evenness (J’), Dominance (D) and Sampson’s diversity indices. Results revealed a total of 19 aphi...

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Kaiser Latif Cheema2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Imtiaz Ali4, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid2 and Zeshan Ali5

... it was observed that members of cluster 3 (G.P-110, G.P-111, G.P-115, G.P-116, G.P-121, G.P-125, G.P-138, G.P-139, G.P-150, G.P-151, G.P-164, G.P-165) and cluster 4 (G.P-112, G.P-126, G.P-140, G.P-152, G.P-166) were most diverse. Results also showed that the genotypes of cluster 3 were high yielding and genetically diverse as well. Therefore, they may be preferred while making selections for chickpea genetic improvement program.

...
Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Asim Gulzar1, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Tayyaba Zainab3
...Azadirachta indica, Zingiber officinale, Syzygium aromaticum and Datura stramonium and their green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were evaluated against 3rd and 4th instar larvae of C. pipiens. The green synthesized AgNPs of these plants were characterized by UV-Multiskaner. LC20 and LC50 values were calculated through Probit and Logit analysis (POLO) software. All the plant extracts and their green synthesized AgNPs caused the maximum mortalities of...
Dalia Khatun1, Md. Yeamin Hossain1,2*, Md. Firose Hossain3, Zannatul Mawa1, Md. Ataur Rahman1, Md. Rabiul Hasan1, Md. Akhtarul Islam1, Md. Ashekur Rahman1, Habib Ul Hassan4 and Sadicun Nahar Sikha1
...h during January to December, 2016. The overall SR differed statistically from the expected 1:1 ratio (df = 1, χ2 = 4.06, P ˃ 0.05). The TL of males and females ranged from 2.7–4.7 cm vs. 2.8–5.0 cm, respectively. The LFDs showed that the 3.99-4.49 cm TL size group was numerically dominant for both sexes. The b values of LWRs (TL vs. BW) indicates negative allometric growth, (b = 2.82 for males and b = 2.63 for females). KF was the best condit...

Lifang Zhang, Xiuyue Zhang and Bisong Yue*

...sults showed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from 16 to 32, with an average value 24.5. The observed heterozygosity value (HObs) varied from 0.481 to 0.906 and the mean HObs was 0.698; the expected heterozygosity value (HExp) varied from 0.625 to 0.928 and the mean HExp was 0.840. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied between 0.602 and 0.923. The analysis of Genepop and Popgene showed that a relatively high level of genetic diversity was...

Muhammad Tahir Jan1, Sarfraz Ali Shad2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3 and Muhammad Binyameen2,*

...) existed between the number of infested plants or plant parts and number of eggs laid. In every week, an average of 6.1±1.2 plants were infested with13.6±2.7 eggs in 2011 and 5.5±1.1 plants with 12.9±2.2 eggs in 2012. Four and three peak egg-laying periods were observed in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Taylor’s power law of regression showed an aggregate spatial pattern distribution of eggs ...

Mohammed H. Galhoum1, Hamza M. Eed2, Essam S. Soliman1* 

... August 2021. A total number of 126 chicken samples (100 samples from five broiler chicken farms and 26 samples from two slaughterhouses) were collected from the Ismailia governorate. Each sample was composed of liver, intestine, and breast and thigh muscles. The study revealed a total prevalence of 35.7% (45 positives out of 126 samples). Slaughterhouse I and II, chicken farms I, II, III, IV, and V revealed prevalence up to 15.3, 23.0, 40.0, 35.0, 50.0, 45.0,...

Ayman M. Khalifah1*, Walaa A. Kashyout1, Sara A. Abdalla2, Hassan S. Zeweil3, Soliman M. Zahran3, Tarek A. Ebeid4, Waleed M. Dosoky3 

...atio (FCR), daily egg number, and egg mass, were affected positively by Cr-Met supplementation (P ≤ 0.05) compared to birds fed BD. All eggshell and interior egg quality traits were not affected by Cr-Met supplementation. Cr-Met administration positively affected yolk total lipid and yolk total cholesterol compared to birds fed BD as their values were decreased. Also, Cr-Met addition improves the concentricity of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and significan...

Sana Khalid1,2*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman2,3, Usman Hameed2,4, Shabnum Shaheen1, Muhammad Naveed Shahid5, Khajista Jabeen1, Farah Khan1, Muhammad Saleem Haider1

... plants and these were liberated to healthy plants for transmission of viruses. It was evident from the results that the whiteflies were incapable to acquire and transmit chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV)-a mastrevirus and mastrebegomo chimeric virus (MCV) from the symptomatic tobacco and tomato plants to healthy plants. Whiteflies also failed to acquire and transmit the cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus-Burewala strain (CLCuKoV-Bu)- a begomovirus from infec...

Maskur Maskur1*, Muhammad Muhsinin1, Lestari, Tapaul Rozi1, Asnawi2 

...ons are not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The inbreeding coefficient in the three populations was quite high with a positive Fis value ranging from 0.000 – 0.422. Meanwhile, the value of the genetic differentiation index (Fst) in all populations is zero (0), indicating that there is no differentiation between breeds at the observed loci.

Keywords | Local duck, Microsatellites, Morphometric, Inbreeding and differentiation 

...

 Hanan Fathy Hammouda1, Mohammad Mahmoud Farag2*, Mervet M.F. El Deftar3, Mohamed Abdel-Gabbar4, Basant M. Mohamed4

...s used to measure the number of viable osteoblast cells cultured with scaffolds extracts. Also, the antitumor activity of the scaffolds was studied against cancer osteosarcoma cell lines using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The results showed that addition of cerium-doped nanobioactive glass to the composite scaffolds was triggered an increase in cell growth, proliferation and mineralization markers of osteoblast cells that increased with time as the ...

Naima Din1, Misbah Ashraf1, Muhammad Rizwan2*, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal4, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas2, Farrukh Ilahi2, Amir Hameed5, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub6, Qurban Ali1 and Muhammad Farooq2,3

...s viz., plant height, number of branches, area of leaf lamina, hair density on midrib, chlorophyll contents and moisture percentage were also evaluated for the tested varieties. Among the tested varieties, OK Advanta-803 was most resistant to the jassid (13.36/leaf), whereas NS-810 was most susceptible to the A. devastans (23.93/leaf). A. devastans population showed a significant and positive correlation (r = 0.8573*) with area of leaf lamina and moisture perc...

Xuelong Chen1, Honghai Wang2, Wenchao Li1, Weina Guo1 and Yanping Qi1*

...able to determine the number of BHV-1-infected yaks in the QTP, and to calculate the pooled prevalence. We ultimately identified 16 relevant studies (5737 total yaks), with a pooled BHV-1 infection prevalence rate of 38%, with the highest prevalence in Sichuan province and the lowest in Gansu province (58% and 18%, respectively). We found BHV-1 prevalence to be associated with both test time and method. Together, our results suggest that BHV-1 infections in ya...

Imtiaz Ali Shah1*, Maleeha Anwar1, Rafiullah2, Inamullah Wazir1, Muhammad Hasnain Riaz1, Abdur Raziq1, Muhammad Ijaz Ali1, Faizul Hassan1, Khalid Khan3, Yasin Ahmad4, Irshad Ahmad5, Muhammad Ibrahim Rashid5, Muhammad Tariq Zeb1* 

...councils of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. For this purpose, 200 egg samples were collected. The culturing of Salmonella from egg shell and their contents was carried out according to ISO guidelines for Salmonella isolation. A total of twenty-two (22) eggs were positive for Salmonella species. The antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that Salmonella isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, and kanamycin whil...

Hong Liu and Rui Xu*

...l from June 2017 to December 2019 were enrolled in the study. They were divided into mild prehypertension group (50 cases) and severe prehypertension group (50 cases). Another 50 cases of normal single-fetal pregnant women were selected as the control group. Within three months, all single-pregnant women received the measurement of the 3D-CPA vascularization index (VI) and flow index (FI) of the fetal kidney and the vascularization flow index (VFI) in the earl...
Ranjhan Junejo1*, Shahabuddin Memon1, Muhammad Usman Shar2, Ayaz Ali Memon1 and Fakhar-un-Nisa Memon3
... captured the maximum number of adult red palm weevils and effective trap density was found to be 11 traps/ha, while further higher trap density has no significant difference. Moreover, the darker color traps catch a significant higher number of weevils as compared to white or light-colored bucket traps.

...
Mohamed Ali Zayed
... showing intact muscle fibers, however the lambs that drinking saline water showing relative atrophy of muscle fibers. While LD muscle of lambs which drinking fresh water showing normal muscle fibers shape, but muscle of lambs that drinking saline water showing relative hypertrophy of muscle fibers. A micrograph of a section TB muscle of la...
Panjono1*, Endy Triyannanto2, Widagdo Sri Nugroho3, Muhammad Danang Eko Yulianto1, Bayu Andri Atmoko1,4
...observed included the number of people involved, the handling time, and the stress response of the cattle. The data were statistically analyzed using an independent sample T-test. The use of PRB could reduce (P<0.01) the number of people (5.17±0.41 people) compared to conventional slaughter (7.70±1.16 people). The use of PRB can accelerate (P<0.01) the time of herding, crushing and the total time required...

El-Kholy KH1, Tag El-Din H1, Tawfeek FA2, Sara HM Hassab1* 

...ml /kg diet decreased numbers of unfertilized eggs compared to the control treatment, as well increased fertilized eggs, the counts of chicks produced, the percentages of un-hatched eggs and the hatchability to the total. It is concluded that dietary addition of laying hens with SALE, can at least in part alleviate heat stress-induced damage to reproductive physiology. SLAE in 7.5 ml/kg dose could be used as a safe natural antioxidant for improving reproductiv...

Fatma Desouki Mohammed Abdallah

... the data for a large number of old variables. A total of 720 values of data were used to represent the variables under study for three different lines of Japanese quail. These variables were (live, slaughter, dressing, carcass, heart, liver, gizzard, and spleen) weight. SPSS packages used for calculation descriptive statistics, correlations and principal component reduction method. The results showed that Bartletts test of sphericity is highly significant (P ...

Mohamed Attia Ahmed Awad1*, Obaida Abdel Kareem Almasri2, Mohamed Abd El-Aziz Mohamed Ibrahim1, Rabie Ragab Sadek1, Samy Abou-Bakr1

...tation curve. A total number of 1533 weekly test-day records were collected on 584 Shami cows during the period from 1983 to 2012, at Deir Al-Hajar station belonging to the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Syria. Data were analyzed using the General Linear Model applied in XLSTATE software. The least squares means for the lactation curve parameters were 9.7 ± 0.12 kg for the initial milk yield (a), 0.40 ± 0.01 kg/week for the rate of...

Muhammad Salman*, Muhammad Hamayoon Khan, Muhammad Zahid, Gul Zamin Khan, Fazli Rahim and Usman Khalique

...red host with maximum number of pupae recovery (298 ), maximum emerged flies (185) followed by persimmon, apple whereas tomato was least preferred host with lowest number of pupae (06) and flies emerged (05) respectively. Thus, it is concluded that banana fruit can be used as natural host for rearing of B. zonata in the laboratory due to its consistent availability. 

...

Bilal Jan1, Farida Anjum1*, Aasma Bibi1, Syed Roohul Hussain1, Abdul Ahad1, Azeem ud Deen1, Zia Ullah2 and Farrakh Mehboob3

...Peshawar districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The analytical method was optimized for a total of nine different pesticides (Atrazine, parathion-methyl, chlorpyrifos, captan, α-endosulfan, dieldrin, β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, and α-cypermethrin) of various chemical classes, using Agilent’s Intuvo-9000 GC-µECD system. A total of thirteen peach samples, ten from fruit orchards and three from fruit markets, belonging to fi...

Houria Bouazzara1,2,*, Rachid Chaibi 1,2, Farouk Benaceur 1,2,3, Amira Nouioua4 and Laura Bruno 5

...rsquo;zi River from November 2018 to October 2019, samples were collected on a monthly basis from four stations. Thirty-three zooplankton species belonging to four taxa have been described from the Wadi M’zi River; Copepoda, Rotifera, Cladocera and Nematoda. The following diversity indexes were used to measure the diversity of zooplankton species in the lake; Shannon Index 3.14 to 3.8, Pielou Evenness Index 0.72 to 0.8...

Tarık Bugra Saruhan and Alptug Sarı*

...ined starting from September 2019 to February 2021. In the study area with a total area of 158 km2, 62–days fieldwork was carried out. Direct and indirect observation methods were used in field studies. Direct observations were made by one or two-person using point and line observations, as well as using camera traps. In indirect observations, signs such as the jackal’s footprints, scats, etc. were used. As a result of the research, data such as 25...

Zulu Blantina Fangele, Tyasi Thobela Louis, Gunya Busisiwe* 

...ivity in terms of the number of eggs laid, most consumers prefer their flavoursome meat. Despite that, there has been a research gap in the genetic, physiological, and nutritional aspects of indigenous chickens of Africa over the past decade. The use of citric acid has higher economic potential owing to its numerous applications to chickens. This article critically reviews a detailed understanding of the description, advantages and limitations of using citric ...

Mohamed Saeed M. Hassan¹, Hitham Abdel-Saeed1*, Kawkab Abd El Aziz Ahmed2, Ossama Mohamed Abdou1 

...rates, Egypt. A total number (71 dogs) was included in the present study. This number comprises 16 apparently healthy dogs and 55 anemic cases. Historical data, clinical and hematobiochemical investigations were applied on all animals for detection of the definitive common causes of anemia. Results revealed four main definitive causes of anemia included parvoviral infection (sub-group 1): 20 cases (36% of diseased cases), ec...

Palwasha1, Siraj-ud-Din1 and Muhammad Fahim2*

...ies, like Pakistan, a number of basic factors are the major impediments in implementation of these goals. Surveys were conducted in Peach (Prunus persica L.) producing areas of Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, where peach production, a major income source, is facing a serious decline over the past decade. Peach growers were mostly owners in Swat and Chitral districts whereas in grower in rest of the districts were tena...

Naila Shahzadi1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Shaukat Ali1, Muhammad Farooq Bhatti2, Azizullah1, Shafaat Yar Khan3, Abdul Khaliq4

...arva, pupae, adult and fiber. For this purpose, sericulture productivity has been impressively modulated by fertilizing the silkworm’s diet with natural food supplements or exogenous nutrients like Amway protein, honey, bovine milk, sericin, probiotics (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, Lactobacillus casei, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Spirulina), vitamins (C and E), royal jelly, ascorbic acid, cowpea seed powder, AgNP...

Leila Shirani Bidabadi1,2, Mulood Mohammadi Bavani3, Fatemeh Janjani4, Abedin Sghafipour5*

...from April 2020 to September 2021. 
 
Novelty Statement | This species of spider caught in this province is medically important and the people of the region should be aware of the risk of being bitten by this poisonous spider.
...

Arman Sayuti1, Hamdan Hamdan2, Miftahul Jannah3, Safriadi Safriadi3, Teuku Nasri3, Tongku Nizwan Siregar2*

...PE) on increasing the number of offspring per birth and the concentration of steroids (estrogen and progesterone) in the local rabbits. In this study, we used 10 non pregnant rabbits that have given birth and were healthy clinically. All rabbits were randomly divided into two treatment groups, namely control group (K1) and treatment group (K2) where each group consist of five rabbits. The rabbits of K1 group were injected with aquabides for three consecutive d...
Aly M. Ghetas1*, Dalia M. Sedeek1, Hanaa S. Fedawy1, M.A. Bosila1, Asmaa M. Maatouq1, Hoda M. Mekky1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi1,2, Mohamed M. Amer3
...es (Genbank accession numbers MW925051 and MW9250522) were characterized as very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV). The obtained nucleotide sequences of partial portion of VP2 gene of 2 isolates revealed 97.0 - 100% and 91.2-92.5% identity with the Egyptian strains and vaccine strains respectively. Finally, significant genetic changes in our IBDV isolates were observed as comparing to vaccine strains. Thus, continuous monitoring of IBDV outbreaks in vaccinated chickens ...

Mohamed Abd El-Fattah Abo-Farw1, Maged Ahmed Aboul-Omran1, Abdel-Khalek El-Sayed Abdel-Khalek2* 

...nd increased services number required for conception (1.35±0.11 vs. 2.800±0.25 services). Mastitis decreased (P<0.0001) reduced glutathione (5.66±0.182 vs. 4.71±0.302 mmol/l) and total antioxidant capacity (1.64±0.046 vs. 0.76±0.049 mmol/l), and increased (P<0.0001) in malondialdehyde (0.80±0.043 vs. 1.68±0.064 mmol/ml). Mastitis significantly decreased serum concentration of progesterone (P4), estr...
Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Mushtaq Ali2, Tahira Tabassum3 and Adnan Bashir1
...ve tillers and grains number per panicle were produced by Super Basmati and Chenab Basmati, respectively; however, maximum 1000-grain weight was produced by Noor Basmati and PK-1121 Aromatic. Among all varieties, the Chenab Basmati was highest yielder while NIAB Basmati 2016 produced the lowest yield. However, Super Basmati gave highest net returns and benefit cost ratio (BCR) due to its high paddy market price, and it was followed by Chenab Basmati. In conclu...

Fan Da1,3, Zheng-Yong Wen1,2*, Xiao-Dong Wang4 and Yu Luo5

... (UCP2), an important member of the inner mitochondrial membrane protein families, plays pivotal roles in energy expenditure, fatty acid metabolism and ROS emission in mammals. In contrast to mammals, the roles of this protein are still rarely known in fish. Here, we first identified the ucp2 gene in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli) and investigated its transcriptional changes in response to fasting and refeeding. The cDNA of pvucp2 was 1,193 bp long and...

Evrim Sönmez

...ugh there are a large number of sources in literature on the mortality rates of Beauveria bassiana’s A. obtectus, studies on the effects on the biology of the pest, the number of eggs it lays and the number of adults emerging from beans after the application are limited. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of Beauveria bassiana (Nostalgist BL®) on the mortality...
Mubashir Ali Rather1, Ambreen Hamadani2*, Syed Shanaz2, Nusrat Nabi2, Showkat Ahanger1, H. Hamadani2, Ruksana Shah2
...leece per annum with a fiber diameter of 18-22 µ. The estimates of greasy fleece yield of first clip (GFY-1), staple length (SL), fiber diameter (FD), crimps per cm (CPC), and medullation were 0.82±0.03 to 1.20±0.02 kg, 3.43±0.10 to 5.22±0.11 cm, 20.04±0.02 to 20.99±0.08 µ, 4.35±0.02 to 4.87±0.20 and 0.10±0.01%, respectively for Kashmir Merino sheep. ...

Moh Zali*, Nur Ihsan, Bambang Ali Nugroho, Kuswati, Umi Wisaptiningsih Suwandi, Riszqina, Suyadi

...y dependents, and the number of livestock. Our data were drawn from local breeders in Pamekasan, Indonesia, known as a centre of Sonok cattle breeders. To examine the interaction effects, we used an IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Our study suggests that age, education, long-time breeding experience, family dependents are not related to cattle business activities. Moreover, we find that number of livestock is positively and signific...

Hafeez-ur-Rehman1*, Umar Farooq1, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Saghir Ahmad2, Muhammad Akram2, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid2, Hammad Hussnain2, Muhammad Shahid2, Muhammad Mehmood Iqbal2, Ali Raza2 and Muhammad Iqbal2

...agro-morphological and fiber quality traits in both irrigation regimes. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed existence of considerable genotypic variations for studied traits. Genotypes with high GMP and low DSI were selected as potential drought-tolerant genotypes. Under drought stress condition, cotton yield had a strong positive association with NBP, PH and significantly positive with BW; whereas negative with GOT, FS. These results depict that NBP, PH and B...

Ahmed Abdel-Rady1,2, Walaa Mostafa3* 

...in the cold months (December-April) with a prevalence of 36.44% and lowest prevalence (15.17%) in hot months (May-September) (P<0.05). Females were found to be more prone to infection (31.48%) than males (14.61%) (P<0.05). Young sheep less than 6 months old were slightly less infected (25.62%) than old animals (6-36 months) (26.25%), but the age did not affect significantly the nematodes prevalence as P>0.05. The c...

Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1

...g vegetative season (October-April) in 2019-20. Seven syrphid fly and four bee species were found visiting the carrot flowers that comprised of 65% and 35% of total abundance respectively. Among Syrphidae, Eristalinus aeneus was the most abundant followed by E. laetus while E. arvorum was the least. In Apidae, Apis dorsata was the most abundant followed by Lasioglossum sp (Halictidae) while Xylocopa sp. was the least abundant bee species. The foraging behavior...

Asli Salcioglu

...es. Additionally, the number of mutations and high values of sequence divergences were useful in differentiating the three different Spicara.

...

Doaa Khairy1, Mohamed Ali Osman2 and Fatma Abdel Mohsen Mostafa1*

...ion, root galling and number of egg masses. The highest nematicidal activity was performed by leaf extracts mixture of moringa, neem and canola. NPK, chlorophyll Aand B, salicylic acid, phenols and phenylalinine enzyme (PAL) in tomato leaves were significantly (P<0.05) induced by plant extracts mixture. Phytochemical analysis of aqueous neem leaf extract demonstrated the occurrence of a number of flavonoids (21) and pheno...

Hyun-Ju Cho1, Eun-Jae Lee2 and Shin-Jae Rhim3*

...uring this study. The number of small rodent species and the total number of captured individuals were correlated with patch size. We focused on the patch size and preferred habitat variables of two dominant small rodents, Apodemus agrarius and A. peninsulae, and found that the numbers of captured individuals of both species were highly related to the patch size. We determined that underst...

Sheng Dong1*, Ning Li2, Jiawei Zhang2 and Ting Wang2

...;0.05), increased the number of clones formed (P<0.05), reduced the apoptosis rate and GRP78, GRP94, Caspase 12 protein levels (P<0.05), and increased Nephrin protein level (P<0.05). High glucose-induced podocytes had increased KCNQ1OT1 expression level (P<0.05). DS reduced KCNQ1OT1 expression level (P<0.05). The inhibition of KCNQ1OT1 expression resulted increase in the survival rate and nephrin protein level of high glucose-induced podocytes (...

Husmaini1*, Riza Andesca Putra1, Indri Juliyarsi1, Tevina Edwin1, Linda Suhartati1, Aditya Alqamal Alianta1, Harmaini2 

...intenance management, number of KBC, actual population (Na), effective population (Ne), and inbreeding rate. The total population of KBC in Nagari Batu Bajanjang, Tigo Lurah District is 1960, with an actual population of 610 chickens, an effective population of 600 chickens, and an inbreeding rate of 0.08%. The result showed the farmer’s profile 89.47% of respondents was in 25-55 years old, 47.37% respondent was eduucated in elementary school, 42.11% res...

Sutopo Sutopo, Dela Ayu Lestari, Edy Kurnianto, Asep Setiaji* 

...of Kedu Chickens. The number of chicken used in each variety of the male Red comb Kedu and Black Comb Kedu Chickens were 5 and 4 heads, respectively. Meanwhile, the number of female was 24 and 20 heads, respectively. A total of 901 eggs were collected during the period of 11 weeks. Egg weight (EWG) and body weight (BW) were weighed individually. BW recorded were BW0, BW15, BW30, BW45, and BW60. The average daily gain was cou...

Amira M. Refaie1*, Manal S. Mohamed1, Enayat H. Abo El-Azayem1, Sherein H. Mohamed2 

.... 

...

Samah Samir, Amal Awad*, Gamal Younis 

...fish farms. Between December 2019 and March 2020, 250 Nile tilapia were collected from five fish farms located at Dakahlia governorate. Organ tissue samples from liver, kidneys, gills, skin and spleen were examined bacteriologically for the presence of E. tarda; and confirmed by PCR targeting gyrB1 gene. Disk diffusion was used to test their antimicrobial susceptibility, and PCR was used to screen E. tarda isolates for the presence of four virulence-related ge...

Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan

... were collected in September-October 2019 along the canal bank forest. MINITAB, CLAM software was used to analyze data. The non-native species made 80% of trees and poplar Populus deltoides was present in a ratio of 8%. The Cuculidae was the most diverse avian family while Sturnidae and Corvidae were the most abundant families. From recorded 37 bird species, 29 were using the forest as habitat and 5 were air borne. Thirty-th...

Taghreed Mohamed Nabil1, Randa Mohamed Hassan1, HebatAllah Hamdy Mahmoud2, Mohamed Gomaa Tawfiek2, Usama Kamal Moawad1* 

...ng the length, shape, number, height of the mucosal folds, and glandular contents as well as the thickness of the muscular coat, which allow the turkey hens to be adaptive for egg formation and transportation along their reproductive tract during the egg-laying period.

Keywords | Histochemistry, Laying Turkey hens, Oviduct, SEM, Sperm host glands 

...

Nuraini Nuraini*, Mirzah Mirzah, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Harnentis Harnentis 

...tein but contains high fiber. Therefore, fermentation with lignocellulolytic fungi was carried out to improve the nutritional quality of Azolla microphylla. This research has 2 phases. Phase 1, determination of the best types of lignocellulolytic fungi on the nutrient quality of fermented Azolla microphylla. This study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments were the types of fungi, namely Lentinus edodes, Pleurotu...

Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1,2, Hong Seok Mun1, Myeong Gil Jeong1, Eun Ju Yang3, Hyeoung Seog Park4 and Chul Ju Yang1,2,*

...is (MA) and Geranium thunbergii (GT) extracts and liquid mineral (LM) in drinking water, on the growth performance, breast and thigh meat yield, digestive organ weights and meat quality characteristics in broilers. A total of 210 broilers were divided into the following treatment groups: (i) control, (ii) T1 (0.05% 4 MA: 1 GT + 0.01% LM), (iii) T2 (0.05% 4 MA: 1 GT + 0.05% LM), (iv) T3 (0.05% 4 MA: 1 GT + 0.1% LM), (v) T4 (0.1% 4 MA: 1 GT + 0.01% LM), (vi) T5 ...

Muhammad Tahir Jan1,2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3,*, Muhammad Binyameen1,* and Sarfraz Ali Shad1

...ct on fruiting parts, number of damage fruits and larval population. However, no significant interaction was observed between the varieties and treatments. The most critical months were August and September in which the rate of IMF damaged by single larva was 4.5 and 4.1 and MB at the rate of 1.5 and 1.6 in CIM-496 while 3.6 and 4.1 IMF and 1.7 MB damage per larva in CIM-506, respectively. By controlling the pest infestation...

Amira M. Nowier1, Hassan R. Darwish2, Sherif I. Ramadan3, Nadia A. Abo El-Maaty2 and Othman E. Othman2*

...(0.260) and effective number of alleles (1.345). The T>C SNP showed non-significant association with body weight traits. Body weights at birth, 3 months and 12 months in Damascus goat were significant and higher than those in Zaraibi. Kids born single were heavier than twins and triplets at birth age. The highest milk yield was recorded for Zaraibi does with three kids and at the first month of lactation stage. Moreover, the T>C SNP in the Zaraibi &alpha...

Ahmed Alazzouni1, Ashraf Al-Brakati2,*, Sherif Rabie1, Mohamed Gabry1 and Basmaa Hassan1

...ell counts and elastic fiber area percent in a benzene-induced leukaemia model. To conclude Moringa oleifera, curcumin, and green tea extracts could be used as natural chemotherapeutic agents and as adjuvants to ameliorate histopathological changes associated with leukemia.

...

Xu Liu1, 2, Liwei Teng2, Youzhong Ding3 and Zhensheng Liu2*

...ty <10 m), a small number of stumps (<3/400 m2) and a high bamboo density (>70/m2 and 40~70/m2).
...

Muhammad Idrees1, Bashir Ahmad2, Muhammad Waqas1, Syed Muhammad Mukarram Shah3 and Saad Ahmad Khan4

..."text-align: justify;">Tuberculosis is a major global health problem and is still among the top 10 causes of death. The increasing rate of drug resistance to infectious agents has provoked an urgent need to discover novel anti-tuberculosis agents with novel modes of action. In this study, small molecule inhibitors of the proteins encoded by the drug resistant genes, i.e., katG, gyrA, pncA and rpoB of Mycobacterium tu

Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Usman1,*, Abdul Jabbar1, Saba Usman3, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Husnain1, Nadeem Raza1 and Anwar-ul-Haq4

...easing age and parity number, poor BCS, or a history of disease, the incidence of coxiellosis became significantly (p<0.05) higher. Various farm-related risk factors were also found significantly (p<0.05) associated with Coxiellosis. Moreover, phylogeny of isolated bacteria showed genetic variability (47%-99%). Lastly, the hematology profile of Coxiella burnetii positive buffaloes showed significant (p<0.05) lymphocytopenia (45.95 ± 13.4), neut...
Saeed Akram Khan1, Shahid Sherzada1*, Muhammad Ashraf1, Durr-e-Shehwar1, Sonia Iqbal1, Usman Atique1,3, Farzana Abbas1, Sohail Ahmad2 and Muhammad Sultan Haider4
... ºC. The maximum number of eggs were observed in 26oC whereas the lowest were obtained in 34oC. 85020.48). However, the temperature exceeding 30ºC not only increased the cell growth but significantly decreased the hatching time. On the contrary, temperature exceeding 32ºC caused denaturation of all eggs and larvae that resulted in reduced hatching rate. Microscopic examination revealed that eggs were more influenced by high temperature at early ...

Riffat Sultana1*, Samiullah Soomro1 and Chuan Ma2

...otogonus) trachypterus robertsi Kirby, 1914 with two forms: long winged form and short winged form, C. (Chrotogonus) trachypterus (Blanchard, 1836) and C. (Chrotogonus) turanicus Kuthy, 1905. However, some closely related species i.e. C. (Chrotogonus) hemipterus Schaum, 1853 with C. (Chrotogonus) h. homalodemus (Blanchard, 1836), and C. (Chrotogonus) senegalensis (Krauss, 1877) with C. (Chrotogonus) t. robertsi Kirby, 1914 w...

Santosh Kumar1*, Riffat Sultana2* and Martin Husemann3

...as conducted during November 2018 to August 2019. We found 25 species of grasshoppers, crickets and tree crickets. Caelifera were more diverse than Ensifera with 16 and 9 species, respectively. This work is provided an extended list of Orthopterans registered from Cholistan desert for the first time. 

...

Jun Zhang1*, Xiaocao Xu2 and Min Cao2

...ncluding gender, age, number of blood transfusions per year, HBs-Ag, HCV-Ab and Anti-HBs. The study included 630 thalassemia major patients who received regular blood transfusions at a hospital in Bengbu, China. We found that out of 630 patients of the study, there were three HBs-Ag positive, so the prevalence of HBV in this study is 0.5%. The prevalence of HCV-Ab positive was 7.1 and these individuals had a significantly older mean age than those with HCV-Ab ...

Kafeel Ahmad*, Muhammad Siqaf, Gul-E-Rana Abid, Ramla Somayya and Umama Qasim

...Escherichia coli is a member of Enterobacteriaceae that causes gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of current study was to analyse production of extended spectrum beta lactamases and metallo beta-lactamases in E. coli isolated from fish. Fifty E. coli isolates recovered from fish samples were screened phenotypically for extended spectrum beta lactamases and metallo beta-lactamases production by disc diffusion method using the antibiotics cefotaxime (30 µg...

Arab Khan Lund1*, Atta Hussain Shah2, Gul Bahar Khaskheli2, Mool Chand Malhi3, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi4, Abdul Samad Mangsi5 and Asad Ali Khaskheli6

...tituents; ash, casein number (CN), non-casein (NCN), whey protein nitrogen (WPN) and whey protein denaturation (WPD) were significantly (p<0.05) varied at different heat treatments in contrast to control (T0). The variation was also observed in conductivity, refractive index, moisture, fat, protein and lactose content, however, it was non-significant (p>0.05). Results are concluded that the nitrogen fractions markedly affected by different heating and ti...
Adnan Ihsan*, Najeeb Ullah, Muhammad Usman, Syed Fahad Shah, Misbahullah, Riaz Hussain and Jawad Sarwar
...us from District Swat Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, the species Enicospilus adustus and Enicospilus ramidulus are newly recorded for the fauna of Pakistan. Morphological descriptions and digital images of the recorded species are provided.

...
Sajad Ali1*, Naeem Ur Rehman Khatak1, Shahab E. Saqib2 and Saleem ur Rehman1
... districts of Central Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. In this context, 350 wheat growers were purposively selected with 150 landowners and 200 tenants in the study area. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed. Furthermore, to estimate wheat productivity, differences in wheat productivity and socio-economic factors between owner and tenant wheat growers, a log-log regression model and an independent unpaired sample t-test was used in conjunction with face-to-face in...

Albina Gabdrakhimovna Darmenova1, Samat Ravkhatovich Yusupov2, Abzal Kenesovich Kereyev1*, Mirzabek Gashimovich Zukhrabov2, Yerbol Maratovich Sengaliyev1, Dosmukan Ermuhkanovich Gabdullin1, Berik Garipullievich Satybaev1 

...nsisted of a pressure rubber ball, discharge valve, manometer, handle, rubber tube, catheter, rubber camera, and rubber camera pin. Thirty minutes after fetal excretion, a 0.1 kPa decrease in uterine contraction strength and a 0.96 min reduction in the duration of the uterine contractions resulted in the retained placenta, while a 0.91 kPa decrease and a...

Ibrahim Samir Abd El-Hamid1*, Wafaa Adel Abd Fouda1, Hesham Attia Shedeed1, Safaa Ali Mostafa1, Ahmed Mohamed Elbaz2, Salah Abo Bakr2, Baliegh Hamdy Mosa1, Ali Saber Morsy1, Amal Mohamed Hasan1, Khamis Refaay Emam3 

... used from June to September 2020. Does were randomly divided into three equal groups, n= 15 for each group. The 1st treatment (Tr1), served as control. The 2nd treatment (Tr2), received 5 g of microalgae N. oculata / kg basal diet. The 3rd treatment (Tr3), received 10 g of microalgae N. oculata /kg basal diet during experimental period. Blood samples were monthly collected from all animals to determine some blood biochemical constituents, blood minerals and h...

Tehseen Ali Jilani1*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani2, Javeria Sherani3, Kashif Waseem2, Muhammad Sohail Khan2, Hasnain Saleem3, Abdul Manan2, Rashid Jawad2 and Sami Ullah4

...ring by taking lesser number of days to flower initiation (55.48 days) followed by Rando and Coronado. Statistically maximum variability was shown by Climax and Green feast for plant height (81.33 and 80.77 cm), number of pods plant-1 (18.64 and 17.77), weight of pods plant-1 (51.74 and 50.89 g), pod length (11.09 and 11.31 cm), pod width (2.51 and 2.31 cm), number of grains pod-1 (8.02 an...

Ibrarul-Haq* and Malik Muhammad Shafi

...-align: justify;">Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) plays a vital role in driving the economy of people who inhabits within or near forests. This study aims to examine how the NTFP’s collection affects the rural households’ income in district Swat, Pakistan. In addition, the factors of household’s participation in the study area were also identified. The relationship among the household’s income from of the NTFP’s collection and ...

Asim Faraz1*, Bernard Faye2, Cem Tirink3, Ayman Balla Mustafa4, Amal AlKharusi5, Morteza Bitaraf Sani6, Nasir Ali Tauqir7, Muhammad Arslan Akbar8, Muhammad Usman Saleem9, Rana Muhammad Bilal7, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel10

...by reducing the age at puberty and calving interval. The current study was showing the effects of forced mating as a tool in the reduction of age at puberty and calving interval in She-camels. For this purpose, thirteen female camels (3 female young stock –FYS, 10 parturient) belonged to Camel Breeding and Research Station (CBRS) Rakh Mahni Bhakkar Punjab, Pakistan were enrolled in this study. Available rutting male fr...

Ouedraogo Oumar1,2, Tianhoun Denté Fidèle2,4*, Séré Modou3, Kaboré Adama2, Tamboura H. Hamidou2 and Belem Adrien Marie Gaston4

...ic incidence of bovine tuberculosis. For this purpose, daily monitoring of cattle from various farms and slaughtered at the slaughter area was carried out from February to June 2019 during ante and post-mortem inspections. The results of the analysis of the data collected during these inspections revealed that 1,716 cattle of local breeds, consisting of 875 females and 841 males, were slaughtered and checked by the veterinary inspection officers. At post-morte...

Muhammad Asif1*, Ahmad Ali Shahid1,2 and Nasir Ahmad3

...ted with dead oaks of Dalbergia sisso. Macro and microscopic identification was performed to confirm the characteristics of G. lucidum. Interaction of G. lucidum with A. solani was also observed to measure the disease inhibiting potential. Crude protein extract was also prepared to observe the inhibitory effect of G. lucidum against A. solani. The results for interaction of mycelia of G. lucidum with pathogen A. solani reveal that G. lucidum is an efficient bi...

Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan3 and Asif Nawaz3*

...y;">The Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Telenor-Pakistan (mobile operator company) to provide agricultural advisory services to the farming community in district Mardan. This study was conducted with the objective to find out the impact of mobile phones on knowledge level of farmers about improved agricultural management techniques. Out of 203 subscribers (beneficiary farmers)...
Syarif Husen1*, Devi Dwi Siskawardani2, Setiawan Deny Rexmardi1, Erny Ishartati1, Muhidin Muhidin1, Jumpen Onthong3 and Ivar Zekker4
...otato(SolanumtuberosumL.)istotheactualoptimumproductivityupto 40tha-1.Thebiggestchallenge isthe unavailability of astrategichorticulturalcommodityintendedforcrop productioninIndonesia,essentialforfooddiversification.However,potato productivityin Indonesiaisconsideredlow (15tha–1)comparedto high-qualitypotatoseedsplantedby thefa...

Md. Taimur Islam1*, Mirza Mienur Meher2, Anas Bin Harun3 and Md. Golam Haider1

 

... of ND is highest in October and in 0-3 months aged chickens. AMPV generally infects the upper respiratory tract of poultry, which has been isolated for the first time in Bangladesh in 2016. Alternatively, adult chickens are more susceptible to IB and ILT. The prevalence of mycoplasmosis and aspergillosis are higher during the winter season and are reported to occur due to poor management systems. Overall, respiratory diseases are most common in the country an...

Weidong Huang1,2,3, Xinyue Liang1,2,3, Xiufeng Xie4, Xingmin Wang2, 3 and Xiaosheng Chen1,2,3*

...04). In addition, the number of haplotypes was 17 and the same elytral color patterns of M. sexmaculatus didn’t share the same haplotype. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses showed all M. sexmaculatus samples formed a single clade, but the identical elytral pattern individuals do not cluster together as no special relationships among different phenotypes individuals. Our systematic analyses illustrated the same elytral forms of M. sexmaculatus do not poss...

Saied Belal1, Ashraf Albrakati1*, Khalaf Alsharif2, Saad Al-Shehri2, Mohamed Alblihed3, Malik Almuqati4, Anfal Alsharif5, Alaa Albarakati6 and Anas Al-sharif7

...d of 6 months (from November 2014 through April 2015). The newborns and their mothers were subjected to various measurements of body dimensions and body weight. The data were developed in comparison with the international growth references and national populations residing at sea level. We found that the birth weight and birth length of Taif newborns are significantly lower than those of international standards and those of newborns residing at sea level, in S...

Rashid Al Zeidi1, Haitham Al Masruri2, Aiman Al Mufarji3*, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3 

...their matured ova upon puberty. Oocytes surrounded by a single layer of pregranulosa follicular cells are called primordial follicles and they remain dormant in the meiotic prophase I stage. Activation of primordial follicles initiate through pregranulosa follicular cells. The primordial follicle takes several months to grow and develop to preovulatory follicles in mammals. Changes occur during follicular growth and development stages on the oocyte and the sur...

Aiman Al Mufarji, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed* 

...7.82%), fat (7.57) and fiber (28.35%). In addition, fatty acid profiles were saturated fatty acids (3.76%), unsaturated fatty acids (3.79), monounsaturated fatty acids (2.39%), polyunsaturated fatty acids (0.76%) and trans fatty acids (0.64%). Upon supplementation to ewes, M. oleifera leaves caused significant changes in hematological (RBCs, WBCs, Ht and Hb) and plasma biochemistry (total protein, albumin, urea, liver enzymes) parameters. It could be concluded...

Muhammad Anwar Ul Haq1*, Tariq Mukhtar1, Muhammad Inam-ul-Haq1 and Azeem Khalid2

...ficant differences in number of galls, eggmasses, females, root and soil populations, reproductive factors and eggmass/gall and eggmass/female ratios. Minimum galls, eggmasses, and females were observed on resistant and moderately resistant genotypes. On the other hand, maximum values in these parameters were recorded on susceptible and highly susceptible genotypes/lines. Similarly, minimum number of juveniles were recovered...

M.A. Salam1,*, Sarada Kanta Bhagabati1, Rajdeep Datta1, H. Ramananda Singh2 and Gunajit Oinam2

...was recorded during December, 2019 and August, 2020 with an index value of 0.9278 and 0.6778, respectively. The observed Shannon index value showed maximum in September, 2019 (2.843). The present finding indicated a less healthy environment of the lake. Proper actions are needful by the concerned agencies with respect to the fish diversity of the lake and maintenance of sustainable fish production without sacrificing the lak...

Haroon1, Chen-Xu Ye1, Yu-Xin Li1, Hong-Xin Zhang1, Qing Liu1, Xiao-Hong Su1,2,3 and Lian-Xi Xing1,2,3,*

...5) in egg-laying and chambers making than primary reproductives (imagoes). The morphological measurement shows that the swarmer alates were significantly (p<0.005) extended along with wings, mean live weight of the queen was significantly heavier (p<0.005) than workers but not statistically different mature reproductive queen. The sex ratio of workers was found significantly dominant (p<0.005) among individuals in the colony and busy to find food sour...

Ahlam G. Khalifa1*, Walaa A. Moselhy1, Hanaa M. Mohammed2 and Khaled Abdou1 

...elevation in chromosome aberrations. Also, the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes proved that deltamethrin had a stronger cytotoxic effect on the bone marrow cells than the CS/DM Nps and S/DM Nps groups. It was concluded that these innovative nanoformulations of DM were less toxic, which would lower health risks and boost application safety.

Keywords | Cytotoxic, Chromosome aberrations...

Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasir Mehmood* and Shahina Fayyaz

...s 32-44 µm long, gubernaculum slightly curved, boat shaped with flat distal end eight pairs of bursal papillae were present. Tail (46-68) µm long conical with fine tip, leptoderan bursa.  Female 1223-1742 µm long, anterior to middle vulva 48.7 (37-55) % tail filiform 156-206 µm long, 7-18.7 times as anal body width long. Detailed taxonomical studies of new species are given with measurements, descriptions, illustrations and photomi...

Muhammad Shaheen1* and Abdullah2

...iding it by the total number of points. All the points of a dataset that do not qualify the value of the minimum threshold are considered as outliers. New K Means with this add-in is tested on benchmark dataset for identification of outliers and compared with the existing K means algorithm in terms of accuracy. An improvement in performance is evident.
...

Jae-Kang Lee, Hyun-Su Hwang, Tae-Kyung Eom, Dong-Ho Lee and Shin-Jae Rhim*

...ditions from May to November 2015 in a tree-thinned Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) plantation in South Korea. Study animals were captured using Sherman live traps. We surveyed slope gradient and microhabitat conditions at multiple trapping points. We focused on two rodent species for statistical analysis, the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) and the Korean field mouse (A. peninsulae). A. agrarius preferred microhabitat with dense ground vegetation, wh...

Mei Zhao1,2, Xiaoqin Zeng1, Wancai Xia1, Baoping Ren3,4, Hao Feng1, Fan Wang1, Qihai Zhou5,6* and Dayong Li1,7*

...e. After birth, other members of the unit showed intense interest in the neonate. Adult females are more skilled and efficient in handling infants than sub-adult females. Our results will serve to advance our understanding of this important life history event in nonhuman primates.

...

Nausheen Irshad1, Maria Akhter1, Tariq Mahmood2*, Faraz Akrim3, Muhammad Rafique Khan1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem4

...year study period (September 2015-August 2016), a total of 28 individuals of the species were sighted in the field including 18 live and 10 dead specimens. In addition, 93 fecal samples of the species were collected and analyzed for investigating its diet composition and identification of its prey species. Analysis of scats revealed its diet comprising of both vertebrates and invertebrates along with some proportion of vegetation. The weasel most frequently co...

Samreen Khan*, Salma Javed and Nasira Kazi

...istrict Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The population was identified as new species and related with Group 2 of Aphelenchoides species, distinguished via length of female’s body 428-444 µm (0.42-0.44 mm), cephalic region rounded and offset. Lateral field found with three incisures. Cuticle finely annulated, about 1µm apart. Stylet 10 µm (10±0), delicate with minute basal knobs. Excretory pore located 2 µm anter...

Phassakon Nuntapanich1*, Hathaichanok Nuntapanich2 and Woraman Maicharoen3

...ed: (1) Enhancing the number of fish and biodiversity in paddy fields by reducing using chemical fertilizer and eliminate using chemical pesticides in cropping areas; (2) According to the first, to develop appropriate technologies for small farmer households that improve rice yields or other crops to be higher and stable without using any chemical; (3) Develop strategies and policies that act as a mechanism for driving society leading to organics farming produ...

Muhammad Ismail1,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1 and Umair Abbas1 and Riaz Hussain2

...ativum L.), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and lime citrus (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) on the fruits of five citrus cultivars (i.e. bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad), lime (Citrus aurantifolia Christm), mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) against B. dorsalis using choice and no-choice fruit-dip bioassays. Results revealed a significant reduction of pupal wei...

Gamal Shawki1, Tawfek Mohamed Barakat1, Attia Mohamed Samy2, Ahmed Alhamed AL-Mejren2, Ayman Mesalam1* 

...g August, July and September. Moreover, the number of mounts per ejaculation, reaction time, time to erection, ejaculation times and time to ejaculation were significantly lower during summer and spring seasons (P < 0.05). A positive correlation (P < 0.05) between sperm parameters and testicular parameters and negative correlation between the sperm parameters and sexual behaviors were recorded. These data suggest that,...

Tariq Mahmood1*, Shakeela Ismail1, Faraz Akrim2, Muhammad Farooq1, Nadeem Munawar1 and Muhammad Raza Khan1

...s from July 2018 to December 2019 for data collection. The distribution of the species was determined by surveying the potential habitats and recording its direct and indirect field signs (such as scats, pug marks, prey remains, hairs), while diet composition was investigated by using noninvasive technique of scat analysis. Results showed grey wolf being distributed at an elevation range of 3921 m to 4282 m above sea level (asl) in the park. Scat analysis show...
Mudassar Jehan1, Masroor Ahmed Bajwa2, Mohammad Masood Tariq2, Asim Faraz3*, Abdul Samaad2, Jameel Ahmad1 and Yousaf Hassan Barozai2
...ocumentation, a total number of 97 alleles were recognized having 1 to 5 polymorphic forms (OARFCB193, OARJMP29, MAF33) to 4 (OARHH47, DYMS1, SRCRSP5). For total loci, number of alleles averaged 2.1162±0.3769. Shannon’s Information index (I) 0.6184±0.2447 and the effective number of alleles (Ne) averaged 1.6251±0.4604. Average observed, expected and average heter...

Weam Mohamed Baher*, Gamilat A. El said 

... (TBC), most probable number (MPN) of coliforms, total staphylococcus count (TSC), and total mold count (TMC). An experimental trial for the improvement of the hygienic status of chicken meat (breast) was done using the bacteriocin, nisin, and gingerol at two concentrations (1%, and 2%). The achieved results indicated an unsatisfactory hygienic status of the retailed chicken meat in the study area, in terms of high microbial counts. Chicken breast collected fr...
Nguyen Binh Truong1,2,3*, Nguyen Van Thu3
...iate neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels in the crossbred beef cattle diets for improving the growth rate and roughage utilization. In the first experiment, four male Charolais crossbred cattle (Charolais x Zebu crossbred) with 17.6±1.49 months of age and 255±30.1 kg live weight (mean±SD) were used in a 4x4 Latin square design. Four treatments were 47, 51, 55, and 59% NDF in diets (DM basis) corresponding to NDF47, NDF51, NDF55 and NDF59 ...

Aiman Batool1, Muhammad Sohail Sajid1,2*, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan3**, Asif Iqbal4, Imaad Rashid5, Ibadullah Jan6, Faiza Bano7, Fiaz Ahmad8, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Nisar Khan1 

...ict Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Faecal and blood samples were collected along with ectoparasites directly from the animal rectum, jugular vein and skin, respectively. The examination of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites and haemoparasites was carried out through qualitative and quantitative methods, and Giemsa-stained thin smear, respectively. Morphological identification of ectoparasites was carried out under the stereomicroscope. The overal...
Manatsanun Nopparatmaitree1*, Pornpan Saenphoom1, Sittichai Bunlue1, Silchai Washiraomornlert1, Warangkana Kitpipit2,3,4, Soranot Chotnipat1
..., ether extract, crude fiber, and crude protein (p<0.05). The supplementation of TABP combined with probiotics increased the lactic acid bacteria, Enterococcus sp., and volatile fatty acids (p < 0.05) and decreased Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in the cecum of different treatment to control groups (p < 0.05). In addition, TABP combined with probiotics supplementation increased the villus height, villus surface area, and the depth of the crypt o...

Abd El-Moniem Ali S. Mahgoub, Ahmed Mohamed Abd El-Hafeez, Mahmoud Yassin Mohamed*, Al-Moataz Bellah Mahfouz Shaarawy, Mohamed Ibrahim Nassar

....48 kg post-weaning to puberty. We aimed to investigate the effects of substituting sesban (Sesbania sesban) hay instead of clover hay on feed intake, digestibility, growth performance, and semen quality. Animals were randomly divided into four groups and fed four different rations. Ration 1 (R1) was the control (60% concentrate feed mixture + 40% clover hay). The remaining rations were supplemented with sesban hay by 10% (R2), 20% (R3), and 30% (R4) as a repl...

Avijite Sarker, Sharmeen Islam, S.M. Ariful Islam, Md. Rokibul Islam Khan*, Md Mukhlesur Rahman 

...dry matter (DM), crude fiber (CF) were reduced and the crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, ME, OMD were elevated significantly with MFW and ensiling time (P<0.05). Comparing the parameters, T2 and T3 were preferable to prepare silages as cattle feed. Finally, it can be summed up that market fish waste is a valuable resource for the preservation of rice straw which provides farmers with cheap and environmentally friendly cattle feed.

Keyword...

Tu Thi Minh Tran1*, Diep Hoang Tran1, Thuong Thi Nguyen2, Tomas J. Acosta3, Takeshi Tsuruta4, Naoki Nishino4, Hai Thanh Duong5

...on. Despite the small number of dairy cows examined in this study, this report is the first to characterize the fecal, milk, uterine, airborne dust, and water microbiota in dairy farms in southern Vietnam.
 
Keywords | Dairy cows, Environment, Microbiota, Next generation sequencing, Tropics
...

Aamir Ibrahim1, Bingyao Chen1, Hassan Ali2, Imran Ali3, Yang Cao1 and Guang Yang1*

...n and utilization of blubber in upstream areas of Punjab is still in practice. Anthropogenic threats are needed to be evaluated for long-term conservation of this endangered species to reduce conflict and mortality in areas where fishing is under practice.

...

Muhammad Zeeshan Nadeem1, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem1*, Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid1 and Muhammad Anwar ul Haq2

... crude proteins, crude fiber contents, ash contents and ether extractable fat were increased prominently by CaCl2 over the other priming agents. Among the cultivars, Sargodha Bajra 2011 performed better than other cultivars it showed better adaptability for more pearl millet fodder yield and quality. Therefore, seed priming with CaCl2 can be used to increase pearl millet fodder yield and quality to overcome the fodder scarcity under semi-arid regions.

...

Abid Hussain1, Mubbashira Nazir2*, Saira Batool2 and Sidra Majeed1

...logy reported to have membership in community-based organizations. Adoption of the technology in olive and mixed fruits orchards resulted in BCRs of 1.63 and 30.91, respectively. Thus, in rain-fed ecology of Pothwar Punjab, moisture conservation through gypsum application for major crops, and water harvesting through micro-catchments for fruit trees are promising productivity and profitability enhancing farming technologies. Access to market and enabling insti...

Mehwish Saleem Khan* and Sumama Farooq

...when bacteria develop number of mechanisms to protect themselves against the action of antibiotics. Antibiotics are chemical substances which bacteria and fungi produce either to inhibit or kill the other microbes. Antibiotics are classified on the basis of their structure and mode of action. Bacteria resist antibiotics by inactivating the drugs, altering the target site, chemically modifying the antibiotics and by ribosomal splitting. Antibiotic resistance ca...

Asim Faraz1, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Ayman Balla Mustafa4, Amir Ismail5, Muhammad Arslan Akbar6, Abdul Waheed1* and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel7

...ng breeding season (December-March) and kept under semi-intensive management system (SIMS). Selected animals were divided into two comparable groups of 22 animals in each to determine the hormonal profile. G1 was composed on lactating non-pregnant while G2 had newly bred she camels. Blood samples from G1 was collected at first day of trial, while G2 animals blood collection was done at day 14th and 21st day post mating. All the blood samples were centrifuged a...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi

... weight per plant and number of fruits per plant increased notably as opposed to the untreated tomato plants. Nematode population in root and soil of treated tomato plants also reduced significantly. Terpenes, esters, aldehydes, phenols and ketones were identified as the major constituents of the fractions with partial characterization. The reduction in nematode population in the screenhouse and field signifies that fractions from M. indica could be employed i...

Yahia A. Amin1*, Alaa Eldin Z. Mahmoud2, Mohamed Sabry Aref3, Abd El-Latif Shaker Seddek4, Waleed Younis5 

... that the greater the number and virulence of the microorganisms responsible for the infection, the greater the severity of uterine inflammation and the longest postpartum period of pregnancy. Various types of bacteria are responsible for endometritis, such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli, and Klebsiella. Cefoperazone is the most sensitive antibiotic for the treatment of complicated cases of postpartum endometritis caused by mixed infections and high...

Nkana Kontchiachou J. Gwladys1, Kouamo Justin2, Vemo Bertin Narcisse3*, Mweugang Ngouopo Nathalie4, Wang-Baa Temoa Christophe1, Awantu Christian Funwi1, Semi Yam Alphonsius1, Kenne Noubissie Christèle5, Tendonkeng Fernand5

...lts revealed that the number of total white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes increased significantly (p<0.05) in guinea pigs supplemented at 0.5% green anise, compared to the control. The haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume of haemoglobin, the number of red blood cells and the concentration of placitonin were comparable (p>0.05) among rations. The num
Yasmin M.M. Mahmoud
...t of partially replacing berseem hay (BH) with broccoli by-products (BB) in goats, rations on nutrient digestibility, milk production, some physiological properties of blood and hematological profile. Animals were randomly divided individually into three comparable groups (eight does/group) in a comparative feeding trial. First group was received concentrate feed mixture (CFM) and BH (60:40 %) as control diet (T0). Tested groups T1 and T2 were given rations co...

Muhammad Luqman1*, Adeel Mustafa1, Sheer Abbas2, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehomood1 and Raheel Saqib3

...icts that the maximum number of respondents were belonging to the age category of above 40 years of age and 70 respondents were recorded as illiterate. There were 75% of respondents (148) who claimed that there are multiple major income sources. The respondents who had a low level of poverty and a high level of poverty were the same in the study area. Among respondents, 25% said that they don’t have easy access to the local livestock market for selling a...

Farzana Begum* and Gohar Ayub

...od length (15.23 cm), number of seeds pod-1(58.09), seed weight pod-1(3.57 g), 1000 seed weight (g), seed yield (1.72 t ha-1), germination (79.61 %) and seed viability (91.85 %) were observed in seeds harvested from plants sown on March 30 as compared to seeds harvested from late sown plants on May 9. Highest hard seed (23.69 %) was recorded in seeds collected from late sown plants on May 9 as compared to other sowing dates. As for as harvesting stages are con...

Syed Muhammad Amir1*, Shehzad Khan2, Asif Ali Abro3, Ehsan Inamullah4 and Tahir Mehmood5

...selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (i.e. district Mardan and Dera Ismail Khan). Based on the descriptive nature of the study, quantitative approach was used with the help of a predesigned questionnaire. Frequency distributions, percentages, and paired T-tests were used to analyze and present the data. Results indicate that time spent on cooking and fuel collection significantly reduced after biogas adoption; and it also generates opportunity of ...
Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Misbah Rizwan2, Muhammad Arshad3, Muhammad Zeeshan3, Hamza Latif3, Usama Bin Khalid1, Shawaiz Iqbal1
... lines with a uniform number of plants in each plot had less incidence of N. lugens as compared to narrow spaced (0 and 30 cm) geometries. More number of N. lugens nymphs (80.0-95.0 number/plant) were recorded with less spaced planting geometry as compared to higher spaced planting geometry (27.0-29.5 numbers/plant) during both years. With different plan...

Yasmin M. M. Mahmoud* 

...entrate feed mixture and berseem hay with rate of 60 and 40%, respectively. Kids in the 2nd (G1) and 3rd (G2) groups were fed the control ration supplemented with 1% or 2%-DCHL as a replacement of berseem hay in control ration. Results revealed that digestion coefficients, feeding value, final body weight and weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) higher with diets containing up to 2%-DCHL than control one. Feed intake w...

Aiman Al-Mufarji3, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3*, Rashid Al-Zeidi1, Haitham Al-Masruri2, Al-Hassan Mohammed4

...groups. Moreover, the number of variable size follicles, as well as the number and diameter of CL were increased due to M. oleifera supplementation. It could be concluded that M. oleifera supplementation (50.0 and 100.0 g/kg diet) from eight weeks pre-partum to eight weeks post-partum of Naimi ewes improved the negative effects of the transition period of pregnant ewes.
 
Keywords | M. oleifera, ...

Amany R. Sultan1, 2, Gamal A. Morsi2, Hoda El-Fayoumi1, Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki1*

...5 peaks in the 7th September, 2nd November, 30th November, 28th December and 11th January. During second plantation in the first season, the population of T. absoluta started very weak in 12th April and showed five peaks in 17th May, 31st May, 28th June, 12th July and 26th July. During first plantation in the second season, this pest revealed 5 peaks in ...

Imtiaz Ahmed*, Imran Khan and Zia Ud Din

...ility”. The ash, fiber and protein content increased significantly while the carbohydrate content had significantly lower values (p, for all trends < 0.05) as the ratio of incorporation increased when compared with the control sample (data not shown here). The CWB also showed significantly (P<0.05) higher phenolic and total flavonoids content. Furthermore,CWB showed significantly (P<0.05) higher antioxidant activity, low starch digestibility and...

Najmul Saqib* and Himayathullah Khan

...ly Mardan and Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan was purposively selected. In district Mardan, agroforestry is practiced as boundary line plantations; while in Swat intercropping is more common characteristics. A total of 390 households involved in agroforestry practices were interviewed. The study investigated the effect of agroforestry practices on farm income of rural households in KP. A Multiple linear regression model was used to find out the effect of ...

A. El-Shemy1*, Hoda M. Mekky2, M. A. Bosila2, A. M. Allam1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi2, M. M. Amer3 

...s between August and October 2018. The affected ducks were suffering from a short course of nervous signs, and mortality was high, reaching 75% within 3–4 days. Implementation of one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for processed livers using specific primers aiming the 3D gene of duck hepatitis A virus-1 (DHAV-1) showed the output of the amplified band in all examined specimens at the certain supposed size of the 3D encoding...

Khuzeema Tanveer1, Muhammad Shahid Mahmood1,*, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Ahrar Khan2

...otential to degrade a number of textile industry dyes and could be exploited for xenobiotic removal.

...

Hui Xu1,*, Ronghua Luo1, Yaping Duan1, Mingjia Chen1, Jiaxu Zhou1 and Xiaoli Shao2

...ate the role of bronchofiberoscope-assisted lavage combined with azithromycin in regulating the pulmonary function and Th17/Treg of peripheral blood in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). From January 2018 to January 2020, 114 children with MPP in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into control group and experimental group, each containing 57 cases. The control group was given azithromycin. The experimental group was given fibrobr...

Abdullah Channo1*, Asmatullah Kaka1, Qudratullah Kalwar2, Imdadullah Jamali3, Ghulam Jelani2, Muhammad Bakhsh4, Ghulam Nabi Dahri5 and Jai Parkash Goil6

...ing rate, increase in number of inseminations at each conception and finally culling. The incidence of COD is ranges from 5-30%, due to the improper managemental system, and the prevalence of COD is 10-13% which is associated with selection, heredity, age, environment, improper nutrition, herd size, housing, high milk production, body condition score, lactation period, seasons, retained placenta, stress, metabolic disorders and hormonal imbalance. COD is gener...

Khalid Javed Iqbal1, Irfan Baboo2*, Arshad Javid3, Noor Khan4, Hamid Majeed5, Azra Anwer1, Zahid Farooq2, Muhammad Altaf6 and Moazam Jalees7

...gical parameters; the number of WBCs and Hb were increased in T1 and decreased in T2 in relation to T0. The counts of RBCs, HCT, MCV and PLT were found to be increased in both experimental groups as compared to control one. It is inferred from current results that IONPs have toxic effect on the haematology of C. carpio. Moreover, oral route of administering IONPs was found to be more toxic than intravenous one. Present study can be beneficial for the safety of...

Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Amir Hamza1, Muhammad Saad1, Said Ghulam2 and Azmat Ullah1

... quality traits except fiber micronaire. Potassium fertilizer (soil-applied) at 250 kg ha-1 along with five foliar sprays of K2SO4 produced higher plant height, sympodial branches plant-1, bolls plant-1, 100 cotton seed weight, seed cotton yield, ginning outturn, fiber length, and fiber strength compared to other K-levels. Moreover, tillage × potassium interaction indicated that redu...

Taufiq Bachtiar1, Muftia Hanani2, Anisiyah2, Winda Puspitasari2, Wahidin Teguh Sasongko3, Teguh Wahyono4*

... nutrient composition, fiber content, and in vitro digestibility after cultivation in pH 4.0 and 5.4 soils. The experiment was arranged factorially in a completely randomized block design. The experimental factors were soybean genotype and soil pH. Results showed significant (p < 0.001) differences in fiber content, non-fiber carbohydrate content, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (...
Gamilat A. Elsaid1, Weam Mohamed Baher1*, Eman Shukry1, Abeer E. Abd El. Ghafar2, Marwa Shalaby1
...tion of most probable number (MPN) of coliforms and E. coli and investigation of the prevalence of shiga toxin producing E. coli in kareish cheese collected from grocery stores and street vendors at Mansoura city, Egypt. In addition, molecular confirmation, and detection of shiga toxin coding genes (stx1, and stx2) in the recovered E. coli isolates was done using PCR. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of potassium sorbate (KS) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp...

Hamdy Abdala Elnagar1, Wael Mohamed Wafa1*, Abdel-Khalek El-Sayed Abdel-Khalek2

...2, IL6, days-open and number of inseminations per conception. In most postpartum days of all groups, serum P4 and E2 concentrations were in association with conception rate. In conclusion, the dual treatment of lactating cows on day 15 postpartum with 0.6 NAC/kg (orally for 7 days) plus 1% NAC (IU infusion for 3 days) may improve the reproductive efficiency, health performance, antioxidant enzymes, and inflammatory reaction during the postpartum period.
...
Eman M. Aboelela1, Mohamed A. Sobieh2, Eman M. Abouelhassan3, Doaa S. Farid4, Essam S. Soliman2*
...ssive seasons from September 21st, 2020 to September 20th, 2021. A total of 1393 cats and 1511 dogs were admitted and examined for parasitic infestations. PPinfestations revealed highly significant (P < 0.01) increases during fall and spring and fall in dogs and cats respectively; at < 1-year dogs and cats during all seasons; and during winter in males and spring in female dogs, summer in males, and winter in female ca...

Peyman Mohammadzadeh1*, Aida Rasuli2, Bahman Noroozi Gorgani2, Sajjad Mohammadi3

...orrhage and exclusion of berry aneurysm in vertebral arteries, traumatic tear due to intracranial and intraspinal courses, temporal were seen. Due to unilateral brain herniation, the tonsillar hernia was associated with hemorrhage and linear necrosis rather than only bulging. The corpus callosum and fornix had small areas of hemorrhage that indicated a sign of diffuse traumatic axonal injury. In histopathology, activated microglia and reactive astrogliosis wer...

Ayesha Khan*, Mohammad Tariq Aziz, Urooba Pervaiz and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

Muhammad Jamil1*, Kamran Javed1 and Imran Akhtar2

...ts plant-1 (0.778) and fiber length (0.480) indicated strong positive loading trend, whereas fiber fineness (-0.742) and ginning out turn (-0.709) showed negative loading attitude towards PC-2. The correlation analysis indicated presence of significant (0.632) association at (p<0.01) between fiber fineness and ginning out turn. Whereas disease index showed negative association with all ...

Amina Batool1*, Saba Aleem1, Ali Nawaz1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Waheed Arshad1, Muhammad Aslam2, Shiraz Ali3 and Muhammad Zeeshan3

...xcept root length and number of tillers m-2. The value for grain per spike (40.0) and shoot length (10.55 cm) is at par with Fatehjang-2016 and Dharabi-11, respectively at 120 kg ha-1 of seeding level. It is evident from the results that wheat variety Fatehjang-2016 can effectively be planted at an optimum seed rate of 120 kg ha-1 for general cultivation and better economic returns in Barani Areas of Pakistan, provided all the agronomic and crop management pra...

Zohair S. Mulla1*, Mostafa M. Abdelhafeez2 

...(TPsC), most probable number (MPN) of coliforms, and MPN of E. coli. In addition, isolation, and identification of shiga toxin producing E. coli were further conducted. An experimental trial was done for improvement of the bacteriological status of the ground beef using diluted acetic acid, citric acid, and their mixture containing equal volumes of both acetic and citric acids at 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. The achieved results in the current study declared high microbi...

Rahmat Ullah Khan1*, Asif Sadam2, Karim Gabol1, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Sajid Mahmood4, Mustafa Kamal5, Hamid Ullah6, Syed Abidullah7, Muhammad Tufail8, Bashir Ahmad4, Gul Bacha Khan4 and Habib Ul Hassan1

Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1

... and visitation rate (number of flowers visited per minute) along with their pollination effectiveness in terms of single visit seed set efficacy were assessed. Pollinator community was composed of seven solitary bees species (Nomia oxybeloides, Amegilla sp., Lasioglossum sp., Megachile sp., Xylocopa sp.), two honeybee species (Apis dorsata, A. florea) and two syrphid fly species (Eristalinus aeneus, Ischiodon scutellaris). In both the years, honey bees were m...

Asma Fatima*, Ghulam Abbas and Shahnaz Rashid

...und in the month of November (18.559%) and July (16.560%), respectively. The optimal range of physicochemical parameters of the pond water with planktonic diversity indicates the productivity of water which is crucial for the growth of pond biota during pisciculture activities.

...
Rida Haroon Durrani1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan2, Aneela Zameer Durrani3, Salman Ashraf1, Muhammad Anas Naeem1, Muhammad Usman3 and Tauqeer Mahmood4
...eduction in bacterial numbers with a mean log101.43, log101.17, log101.92 and log101.625 on 3rd and 6th dpc, respectively. The least reduction was seen in the birds that received cocktail intranasally showing log100.85 on the 3rd day. As a delayed treatment, oral delivery significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced count with a mean log101.2 and log101.55 on 3rd dpc, with efficiency decline on 6th dpc. No reduction was recorded for nasal delivery test subjects in dela...

Guang Yin, Wencheng Kong, Yuqiang Shan, Jian Zhang, Rongchao Ying and Sixin Zheng*

...method and Transwell chamber experiment. Cell proliferation and apoptosis of NC-siRNA group, TINCR-siRNA group, cisplatin group and TINCR-siRNA+cisplatin group were checked by CCK-8 method and flow cytometry; and targeted binding relationship between TINCR and miR-646 was measured by dual luciferase reporter gene experiment. According to results of our study, compared with the control group there was no significant difference in the parameters of Hep-3B cells ...
Idrissa Sacko1, Madou Dao1, Souleymane Sanogo1,2*, B. Michel Orounladji2, Kaly Diakité1, Diakaridia Traore3, Mamadou D. Coulibaly1, Amadou B. Cisse1
...roscopy using single chamber Neubauer cell. Results show that ejaculate volume was influenced (p < 0.05) by individual (buck). Besides, individual and period of collection had no impact (p > 0.05) on mass motility. However, the period of collection significantly (p < 0.05) affects ejaculate volume, vitality, sperm concentration and mortality rate. The overall averages obtained for the different parameters studied were 0.92 ml for semen volume; 3.91 fo...

Agus Mulyono

...y;">Java sparrow is a member of a monomorphic group. Males and females have a physical appearance that looks the same, especially the color of their fur. Limited information regarding the characteristics and behavior of male and female Java sparrows can cause problems regarding sex determination, causing delays in normal mating. Further impact on the crossbreeding efforts of Java sparrow. This study aims to determine the sex detection process of Java sparrow t...
Samreen Fatima* and Muddasir-Uddin
...to 31st, December 2019 are considered for analysis. Various forms of GARCH-M models are applied by inserting conditional standard deviation, conditional variance, or conditional log variance in the conditional mean equation. Moreover, enhancement in the forecasting performance by combining the GARCH-M and ANNs (hybrid model), developed GARCH-M-ANNs model could be seen clearly. As per Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Schwarz Bayesian Informatio...

Noor Muhammad* and Shah Alam Khan

...ristics based on less number of aphids attracted/sustained and low number of progenies produced as compared to the tested genotypes Abaseen, Omega and Zahoor showed strong vigor against mustard aphid and symptoms of attack/damages were observed.

...

Junling Liu, Chen Sun, Qiao Yu, Yanzhi Liang, Shanshan Lin and Meng Tian*

...r-production of large number of immature blood cells that enter the peripheral blood. Leukemia considered as the 9th most common cancer in men and 12th in women. Available treatment for leukemia are chemotherapy, allogeneic cell transplantation and radiation therapy with side effects. Due to side effect linked with the treatment, medicinal herbs treatment having the more attraction to treat the leukemia. The current study was to scrutinize the anti-leukemic ef...

Aysam Fayed1, Mohga A Ibrahem2, Soha A. Hassan3, Mohammed Abdalla Hussein4*, Tamer Roshdy1  

...ioxidant capacity of cranberry extract in high-fat diet-induced obesity. For eight weeks, 36 white albino rats weighing 197±10 g were selected at random to five groups: Group I was administered a regular diet; Group II was fed a high-fat diet; Group III was given a high-fat diet plus cranberry extract (75 mg/kg); Group IV was fed a high-fat diet with cranberry extract (150 mg/kg); a...

Xiangli Dong1,2, Shilin Mikhail Borisovich2, Jiji Li1,*, Jianyu He1, Zeqin Fu1, Yingying Ye1, Julia N. Lukina3, Olga V. Apalikova4 and Jianshe Zhang1

...une response. It is a member of the C-type lectin domain family, and has two subunits, MRC1 and MRC2. The MRC1 and MRC2 cDNA sequences have been analyzed and characterized in the large yellow croaker, a highly valued, farm raised fish that is vulnerable to many infections. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that MRC1 and MRC2 mRNAs were expressed in eight different large yellow croaker tissues, and that their expression was up-regulated by...
Zahra Naz1,2, Fouzia Ismat1, Muhammad Saleem2, Mazhar Iqbal1, Aamir Shehzad1 and Moazur Rahman1,2*
... infection in a large number of serum samples collected from chickens originating from different sources (poultry farms).

...

Xiaoli Yao1, Xiaofang Yue2, Yue Yang3 and Guobin Zhang3,*

...rom January 2018 to December 2020. Each group received routine treatment, in which the treatment group received LMWHC alongwith argatroban. The score of neurological deficit (NIHSS) and serum neurological function, endothelial injury and inflammatory marker levels, and the clinical efficacy after treatment of 14 days were compared between groups. After treatment of 14 days, the vascular endothelial function (NO, ET-1, FMD) and inflammatory factors (hs-CRP, TNF...

Xiaoli Yao1, Xiaofang Yue2, Yue Yang3 and Guobin Zhang3,*

...rom January 2018 to December 2020. Each group received routine treatment, in which the treatment group received LMWHC alongwith argatroban. The score of neurological deficit (NIHSS) and serum neurological function, endothelial injury and inflammatory marker levels, and the clinical efficacy after treatment of 14 days were compared between groups. After treatment of 14 days, the vascular endothelial function (NO, ET-1, FMD) and inflammatory factors (hs-CRP, TNF...

Maria Endo Mahata1*, Hamdan Sukri Lubis1, Takayuki Ohnuma2, Yose Rizal1 

...argassum binderi, taro tubers (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), and tapioca flour (Manihot utilissima), and the second factor was dosage (1.5; 3; and 4.5%) of natural pellet binders. Each treatment was repeated three times. The measurements were moisture content, stack density, stack compaction density, stack angle, and pellet durability. The results showed no interaction (P>0.05) between the natural pellet binders and dosage on moisture content, stac...
Faiza Ghazanfar1, Masood Rabbani1*, Aamir Ghafoor2 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3
...fection caused by the members of Campylobacter species. The causative agent is Campylobacter that asymptomatically colonizes broilers during development and contaminates it during slaughter. Outbreaks mostly start from the ingestion of contaminated poultry products or infected water. Reducing colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in the gut can be useful in decreasing the contamination of the poultry. Different organic acids display potential as a substitute of...

Malik Fiaz Hussain1, Atif Akbar2, Muhammad Asif1, Laraib Nisar3, Muhammad Naeem Ashiq3 and Furhan Iqbal1*

...tretch attend reflex, number of approaches to familiar and novel objects than low dose NiO NPs and saline treated female mice. No change in body weight was observed when this parameter was compared between NiO NPs and saline injected albino mice of both sexes. In conclusion, we are reporting that NiO NPs can affect the muscular activity, object recognition capacity and exploratory behaviour of albino mice. The effects were more pronounced at higher dose and in...

Sharon Zulfiqar1, Mubashar Hussain1*, Kiran Aftab1, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Rizwan Khursheed2, Somia Liaqat1 and Maimoona Kanwal1

...rm races fed on local mulberry. The disease-free eggs of Chinese, Korean and Bulgarian races were obtained from Sericulture Research Laboratory, Lahore. The silkworm eggs were incubated at standard conditions. Larval rearing was maintained at standard rearing conditions of temperature (25 ± 1°C), Relative Humidity (75 ± 5 %), and photoperiod (12 light: 12 dark). The experiment was laid out in the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five r...

Saleha Tabassum1, Muneeza Zafar1,2, Munazza Raza Mirza1*, Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary1,3, Ikram ul Haq4, Imran Riaz Malik2, Ambreen Ansari1 and Mehtab Alam5

...ts, including 122 with tuberculosis disease (TB) and 138 healthy control (HC) were included. Out of these 122 TB disease subjects (67%) were diagnosed with PTB (n = 82) and 33% with EPTB (n = 40). Tri and Tetra- ARMS-PCR techniques were used to genotype rs2276886 of CXCL9 and rs5606198 of CXCL10 for all the samples. The results showed significant association (OR, 2.1 (0.99 to 4.30), p = 0.04) of A allele of rs2276886 with EPTB group as compared to the control....

Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Eduard Kostetsky1, Anton Degtyarenko2, Michail Shchelkanov1,2,3 

...FN system genes and a number of key cell cycle control factors. These differences were expressed in the tumour tissue itself, in WBCs and in the uterus tissue. Decreases of gadd45g and ifnλ1 genes expression in BC tumour tissue were the most significant. Recent findings and conclusions. The high level of p53, rb1 and cdkn2a gene expression in animals with BC can serve as a criterion for the intensity of the mechanisms of antitumour surveillance in gener...

Febriza Dwiranti1, Nur Fadhilah2, Ursula Paulawati Maker2, Priyo Sambodo3* 

...bin level, hematocrit number, platelet count, and leukocyte differentiation by laboratory analysis. Descriptive morphological data and quantitative data were analyzed using ANOVA testing. The adult cuscus appeared to have more spots (the male spotted pattern was larger than that of the female) than the juvenile cuscus, where the body pattern had not formed spots (spread). Based on such an obvious spot pattern, the sexes of S. papuensis could be distinguished b...

Auzair Javaid Butt, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai and Jahangir Khan

...of district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan in 2019. For this purpose, a total of seventy producers, twenty wholesalers and twenty retailers are randomly selected and interviewed for data collection. From the current research it can be revealed that majority of potato growers followed the same marketing channel i.e. Producer → Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer. The analysis shows that marketing-margins of potato growers, wholesalers and ret...

Iqtidar Hussain1*, Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi2, Muhammad Jawad Nazir1, Ehtesham Ul Haq1, Faheem Abbas1 and Muhammad Saqib Raza Shah1

... parameters including number of plants emerged, leaves per plant, chlorophyll content, root and shoot length, plant fresh and dry biomass were studied. The strong phytotoxic effect of aqueous extract on all the studied parameters was recorded when applied @ 25 g L-1(w/v). The data revealed that aqueous extract produced an inhibitory effect on all the crops’ growth parameters studied. It is recommended that unplanned planting of poplar (P. deltoides L.) a...

Muhammad Riaz Gondal1,2*, Sobia Ijaz1, Nauman Ali1, Muhammad Saeed Ashraf1, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Muhammad Arshad3, Muhammad Arif1, Jamil Akhtar4, Naeem Iqbal1 and Bushra Zulfiqar5

... completed up to 7th October in each year of study using seed of new cultivar Punjab Berseem. All forage contributing characters were recorded at each cut of fodder and grain tonnage at harvesting were evaluated and documented. Data of agronomic characteristics and economic returns from all planting densities revealed significant differences. The results indicated that 15 kg ha-1 seed rate produced maximum values of heads m-2 (462.50) which was at par with 17....

Muhammad Mansoor1, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil2*, Zafar Islam2, Muhammad Asif2, Ghani Akbar2, Muhammad Ashraf Khan3 and Ibadullah Jan4

...) and lasting till September with sporadic changes, has posed multiple threats for Dhakki dates causing spoilage of fruits at early ripening stage, hindering ripening and drying processes at the end. Growers are adapting some alternate options of making ‘Chuhara’ (dried dates) at Khalal stage instead of processed Rutab dates. Experiments were conducted to find out comparative yield potentials of ‘Chuhara’ as well as processed dates prod...

Misbah ud Din1, Shah Alam Khan1, Said Hussain Shah1,2* and Najeeb Ullah3

...ray, the minimum mean numbers of aphids were recorded (8.49) on a variety of China in a plot treated with Thiamethoxam. In contrast, the maximum mean number of aphids was observed (28.80) in the control plot. In the case of cultivar, Swabi the highest mean numbers of aphids were noted (53.86) in an untreated plot, whereas the lowest mean numbers of aphid...

Misbah ud Din1, Shah Alam Khan1, Said Hussain Shah1,2* and Najeeb Ullah3

...ray, the minimum mean numbers of aphids were recorded (8.49) on a variety of China in a plot treated with Thiamethoxam. In contrast, the maximum mean number of aphids was observed (28.80) in the control plot. In the case of cultivar, Swabi the highest mean numbers of aphids were noted (53.86) in an untreated plot, whereas the lowest mean numbers of aphid...

Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1*, Muhammad Atiq1, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Nasir Ahmad Khan1, Akhtar Hameed2, Noor Muhammad1 and Muhammad Saqib Mushtaq1

...followed by ginger (Zingiber officinale) (25.910), garlic (Allium sativum) (28.087), neem (Azadirachta indica) (29.010) and aloevera (Aloe barbadensis miller) (29.538) mm as compared to control plates, while in chemicals Tilt showed minimum fungal growth (7.982) followed by Score (10.865), Antracol (11.395), Radomil Gold (11.965) and Blue Copper (14.390) mm as compared to control. In the greenhouse, the most effective fungicide and plant extract were applied a...

Shailendra Sharma, Smriti Shrestha, Naresh Pandey and Laxman Khanal*

...ether visitors’ number and disturbance affect the grooming frequency and duration of the langurs (Semnopithecus sp.) housed in Central Zoo, Kathmandu, Nepal. Further, it tested if the effects were biased to the age and sex of the animals. Behavioral data were collected through the focal animal sampling method for 101 hours, and human disturbances were categorized into four levels based on the number and behavior of vis...

Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza2, Waqas Ahmad1, Nargis Bibi3, Aftab Khan2 and Jahangir Khan

...cy of rice farmers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample of 300 rice growers was drawn randomly using a multistage sampling procedure through a well-organized pretested interview schedule. Stochastic frontier models (SFM-1 and SFM-2) were utilized to investigate effects of farm inputs and socioeconomic factors on rice production. Results of SFM-1 explicated that all the regressors except irrigation numbers were highly si...

Tertia Delia Nova1*, Yulia Yelita2, Rizky Machicula1

...les observed were the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit percentage, the number of lymphocytes, monocytes, heterophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Three treatments of 5%, 10%, and 15% levels of kiambang flour in feed were ready. The variables measured were also ration consumption, weight gain and conversion as well as carcass, and abdominal fat during growth. The experimental results showed that the avera...

Nagina Zeb* and Noor ul Amin

...routing (12.52), more number of sprouts (5.79), high sprout length (44.80 cm), more number of leaves (123), more number of roots (4.73), and plant survival percentage (61.78 %) as compared to the cuttings planted on August, 30 in both the years. Regarding cutting types, semi hard wood cuttings took minimum days to sprouting (16.91), more number of sprout...

Razaq Adekunle Animashahun1*, Gbenga Emmanuel Onibi2, Samuel Olanrewaju Aro2, Oghenerobor Benjamin Akpor3, Funmilayo Abimbola Okeniyi1, Olayinka Olubunmi Alabi1, Michael Babatunde Falana1, Ayoola John Shoyombo1, Samuel Oyewale Olawoye1 

... ash, and lowest crude fiber (CF) in fermented cassava stumps were obtained at 192 hours of fermentation with the following values CP 7.45%, EE 9.81% and ash 7.01%. A similar trend was also observed for mineral enhancement and anti-nutrient degradation. Conclusively, this study showed that solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404) strain can effectively enhance the nutritive value of cassava stumps which can help increase the feed resources...

Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan and Urooba Pervaiz

...selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Purposive sampling technique (sample taken on certain judgments about the population or researcher chooses who would be appropriate for the study) was employed to select three districts i.e. Peshawar, Mardan and Swabi from Agro-ecological Zone C of KP. The population of the study comprised of all extension agents of the selected district. Data was collected through a well-developed interview schedule from all Agri...

Shomaila Sikandar1*, Imran Afzal1 and Sadaf Sarfraz2

...in human and animals. Members of these fungal genera Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and Aspergillus spp., are major mycotoxins producers in food and feed crops. Mycotoxins thrive in high-temperature, humid environments, and they can enter the food chain either directly or indirectly by contaminating food and feed crops. They can cause infection before and after agricultural crop harvesting. Economically mycotoxins infection leads to loss of feedstock, reduce...

Gudeta Nepir Gurmu, Tade Bitima Mulisa, Alemu Lenco Gemechu, Kegna Gadisa Amena and Gemechu Nedi Terfa*

...above-ground biomass, number of seed per pods, and hundred seed weights were recorded. Analysis of variance combined over five locations manifested significant differences among varieties, environment, environment, and varieties interaction for grain yield and other yield-related traits. The combined mean of grain yield of varieties indicated that Bursa (3.03 t/ha), Adi (2.84t/ha) and Weyib (2.83 t/ha) varieties had the highest grain yield advantage over the o...

Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*, Aiman Al Mufarji and Sultan Alawaid

...their matured ova upon puberty. A finite number of primordial follicles form in the fetal ovary from primordial germ cells (PG) during the first stage of fetal development. The primordial follicles consist of oocytes surrounded by a single layer of pregranulosa follicular cells and they remain dormant in the meiotic prophase I stage. Primordial pregranulosa follicular cells initiate activation of primordial follicle and gove...

Fengbin Jin1, Xin Liu2 and Yanqiu Yue3*

...re selected between December 2017 and February 2020 as the subjects of this study and divided into the observation group and the control group randomly. Patients in the control group received the regular treatment, while those in the observation group received the treatment by low-dose epinephrine, and the efficacy of these two methods was compared between two groups. Besides, we compared the changes in the vital sign (including blood pressure and heart rate),...

Muhammad Waseem Akhtar1*, Khalid Mahmood Khawar2, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar3, Muhammad Rafique1, Khalid Hussain4, Sharmin Ashraf1 and Muhammad Fida Hassan1

...ith muslin cloth with rubber bands. The Jars were placed at room temperature. Data of egg laying were observed after five days of release of insects. Data of emergence F1 adults were observed after 30 days of storage. At this time percent weight loss and Seed viability was also analyzed. The Same data were observed after two- and three-month storage period. The results revealed that all the varieties/lines differed significantly from one another for percent we...

Tariq Ali1,2*, Kamran1, Abdur Raziq1, Inam Ullah Wazir1, Anwar Ali1, Muhammad Ijaz Ali1, Muhammad Shuaib Khan2, Shakeeb Ullah2 and Sher Hayat Khan3

...tle, and buffaloes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during 2019-2020, to identify bacterial pathogens of mastitis, and to determine the antimicrobial resistance. A total of 1013 milk samples belonging to 726 cattle and 287 buffaloes were examined to detect clinical mastitis (CM) and subclinical mastitis (SCM). Mastitic milk samples (n=541) were further used to investigate the prevalence of bacteria associated with mastitis and their antimicrobial susceptibilities by stan...

Huajun Lin, Wei Qu and Zhuxian Yu*

...ntrol group by random number table method. Patients in the experimental group were treated with Dex and ganglioside, and the control group was treated with conventional methods. The clinical treatment effects, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), TGF-β1 levels in serum and cognitive function were compared between the two groups. The total effective rate of treatment in the combination group was 93.75%, which was significantly higher than 62.50% in the ...

Muhammad Rabiul Hasan1, Zannatul Mawa1, Muhammad Ashekur Rahman1, Selina Yeasmin2, Yahia Mahmud2 and Muhammad Yeamin Hossain1*

...ata from January to December 2020. Samples were collected from the sampling sites (Sathkhira and Cox’sBazar) with the help of laborer in the presence of Principal investigator and research assistant. This study also revealed the maximum recorded length of A. granosa and first report of M. lamarckii from the worldwide water bodies. We observed maximum length of A. granosa was 7.50 cm (maximum recorded length) and 6.83 cm for M. lamarckii. Allometric coeff...

Sajjad Ali1*, Atta ur Rahman1 and Sher Ali2

...and productive in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Data were taken from the Agricultural Bureau of Statistics from 1990 to 2020, and the satellite imageries of the region were acquired from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). ARIMA technique is employed to get the forecasted values regarding Acreage, Yield, and Production of crops till 2050 in Peshawar valley. Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) were used to analyze the satelli...

Olufemi Bolarin, Sijuade Adebukola Adebayo and Sola Emmanuel Komolafe*

...rm size (p=0.017) and membership of cooperatives (p=0.013) positively enhanced resilience building used to mitigate the effects of climate change. The study further averred that inadequate finance, traditional belief, and inadequate access to new technologies were serious constraints encountered by yam farmers. The study recommends that government in collaboration with development agencies should intensify effort in creating awareness to farmers on the several...

Robina Karim1*, Farhan Ali1, Ali Muhammad1, Nasrullah2, Azra3 and Tahir Mehmood4

...e in district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa- Pakistan. The average total household size is 5.75 that consist of 1.89 children (32.95%), 3.72 adults (64.69%) and 0.125 (2.17%) aged person (≥60 years). Based on calorie requirement at various stages of age of a person, an adult equivalent has been calculated as 5.271of actual household size 5.75. The results reveal that on average an adult equivalent consumed 243.48 gm flour, 142.86 gm meat, 249.19 gm vegetables,...

Rijumoni Daimari, Silistina Narzari, Jatin Sarmah* 

... found in liver. Most numbers of the essential amino acids was found in spleen with lysine contributing the largest amount. Fat content was maximum in large intestine, similarly the saturated fatty acid content too was found highest in large intestine. Furthermore, the saturated fatty acid, mono unsaturated fatty acid and poly unsaturated fatty acid content range from 35.97-51.42%, 2.03-3.44% and 2.05-18.79% respectively. The study reports that the edible vis...

H. A. Aidaros1*, S. S. Khalafallah1, M. S. Diab2, Nehal K. Alm Eldin2, Halla E.K. El Bahgy1 

...l resistance. A total number of 2160 samples included litter, pen litter, stored feed, feed from the feeders, water, drinkers, droppings, dust, swabs from walls, birds’ cloaca, worker’s hands, and wheels of vehicles. The results showed that there was a negative relationship between the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae and the hygienic measures enforced in the poultry farms under study. The highest prevalence of Salmonella and E. coli was ...

Shandana* and Ayesha Khan

...extension services in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For the study three districts (i.e. Swat, Haripur and Mardan) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were chosen and a total sample size of 400 respondents was selected. Data were collected through pre-tested and validated interview schedule and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings of the study showed that the maximum of the respondents (34.5%) were in the age c...

Hafiz Kashif Ali1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Mujahid Ali2*, Zahoor Hussain3, Muhammad Ather Nadeem4, Malik Abdul Rehman5, Barkat Ali6, Muhammad Iftikhar7

...m) with the different number of sprays (1, 2, or 3 sprays). The first spray was applied after one month of transplanting, while the other two were applied at fortnight intervals after the first spray. Fisher’s Analysis of variance revealed that Isabion at 1 ppm as 1 spray, 3 ppm as 3 sprays, and 5 ppm as 3 sprays produced the highest plant height for three cultivars of stock. ‘Cheerful White’ had the highest stem length when plants were spray...

Riaz Hussain1*, Adnan Ihsan2, Azaz Ali Shah2, Najeeb Ullah2, Hamza Iftikhar3 and Ranra Jalal4

...icum spp.) @ 5% and Chinaberry dry fruits (Melia azedarach) @ 10% concentrations were used singly and tobacco dry leaves (N. tabacum) + Chinaberry dry fruits (M. azedarach) @ 1% + 5%, garlicbulb (A. sativum) + Red chili(Capsicum spp.) @1% + 2.5%, tobacco dry leaves (N. tabacum) + Red chili (Capsicum spp.) @ 1%+2.5%, and garlic bulb (A. sativum)+ Chinaberry dry fruits (M. azedarach) @ 1%+2....

Mian Sabahatullah* and Maqsood Shah

...r the first time from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The newly reported species are Areotetes carinuliferus, Indiopius fischeri, Phaedrotoma biharensis, Phaedrotoma angiclypeata and Xynobius maculipennis. New distributional data for already reported species Diachasmimorpha longicaudata are also provided. The study raises the number of species of the subfamily to 9 from Khyber Pak...

Naheed Zahra1*, Saira Batool1, Mubbashira Nazir1, Ghulam Akbar Malik2 and Iffat Batool3

...mers were involved in number of farming activates like crop production, wheat harvesting, livestock operations and, cleaning animal sheds was high. Taking into consideration the role of women in farming, the government should take steps to encourage them by providing trainings. The government level training will increase female farmers’ level of involvement and productive capacity in agricultural and livestock management. It was suggested that at the hou...

Ejaz Ul Haq, Urooba Pervaiz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan and Ayesha Khan

Semine Dalga* and Kadir Aslan

... only on one side. The tuber faciale was prominently located dorsally at the intersection of the last premolar and the first molar in both sexes. The infraorbital foramen was located dorsal to the second upper premolar tooth on the os maxilla. The septal process was shown to terminate with two ends in females and a single end in males. It was observed that the processus nasalisi of the os inciivum extended to the os nasale, with incisura nasoincisvus being loc...

Muhammad Ikram Ullah

... Five affected family members were recruited along with unaffected members, and whole blood was collected for genomic DNA extraction. A genome-wide scan was carried out on four affected members to establish homozygosity linkage. The analysis for genotype assessment was carried out, and three homozygous regions were identified. Whole exome sequencing was carried out to identify the mutation...
Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Iram Shaikh1
...g (January, 2019 to December, 2019) to determine the population dynamics of these notorious pests in different climatic zones of Sindh Province. Steiner type (Tando Jam) traps baited with methyl eugenol and 5% pesticide were incorporated in the guava and mango orchards of Hyderabad and Larkana. Fruit flies were trapped in the field throughout the year. The results revealed the distinct patterns of population dynamics at both climatic zones. The population dens...

Habib Ullah Habib1, Malik Muhammad Akram2, Mujahid Ali1*, Tahir Mehmood3, Muhammad Manzoor4, Maqsood Ahmad3, Hasseb Ahsan1, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal3, Malik Abdul Rehman5, Muhammad Mohsan1 and Ahsan Mohyo ud Din6 

...of small size fruits, number of fruits per plant, number of small fruits per plant, number of medium-size fruits per plant, and number of large size fruits per plant. The maximum number of medium-size fruits (15%) was observed at 15% water depletion level with a 50% NPK level. However, the minimum num

Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Waseem Akbar Qazi2

...n (P<0.05) maximum number of Trybliographa daci were (55.60±4.52, 46.40±5.47) obtained from guava infested fruits of both regions. Moreover, Maximum number of Bactrocera zonata were emerged from infected guava (381.00±10.85, 259.40±16.95) collected from lower and upper regions of Sindh. The current studies recognised that larval cum pupal parasitoid Trybliographa daci could be effective in cont...

Juweria Abid1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Humaira Wasila3, Tooba Asif4, Muhammad Farooq5* and Attaullah Jan6

... commonly consumed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Samples were collected from three different districts of KP and after composite sampling dried in oven and stored at room temperature for further biochemical analysis. Samples were then analyzed for minerals content, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity. Physicochemical characteristics, proximate composition and energy density were also estimated. Statistical analysis showe...

Shakeel Ahmad1*, Humaira Wasila2, Juweria Abid3, Nazir Muhammad4 and Hazrat Usman5 

... commonly consumed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Fifteen different milk product samples were collected from 3 different markets in the study area to get a composite sample. AOAC 15th edition methods were used to analyze moisture, ash, carbohydrates, fats and protein contents of milk products. Atomic absorption spectroscopy and flame photometry were used for mineral analysis. Total phenolic compounds were evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The aluminum...

Yêyinou Laura Estelle Loko1*, Joelle Toffa1, Azize Orobiyi1, Gbèblonoudo Anicet Dassou2, Rolande Okpeicha1, Dieudonné Gavoedo1 and Alexandre Dansi2

...sumption (r = 0.467), number of eggs laid (r = 0.295) and susceptibility index (r = 0.453). Path coefficient analysis showed that each seed physical character and its interactions with the others characters influenced soybean grains susceptibility to C. maculatus. Soybean seed thickness showed the higher direct positive effect on soybean susceptibility to C. maculatus indicating that breeding should be done based on this trait to improve soybean seed resistanc...

Chooi Lin Phooi1, Elisa Azura Azman1* and Roslan Ismail2,3

...aves the area, leaves number, plant nutrient, sugar, total soluble solid, organic acid, and ascorbic acid. No doubt, plant growth performance is closed related to soil properties. Bokashi is proper organic waste management and is easy to be implemented by household size. Bokashi can turn waste into the next food nutrient and ensure food security. 

...

Ishtiaq Ahmad1,2* and Muhammad Akbar Anjum1

...mn; 19.48 g), maximum number of leaves per plant were counted in genotypes AZRI-Selection-02-A2 (516.91 ± 22.29), however maximum leaf area was recorded in genotypes Kot Sultan (62.24 ± 2.14 cm2), the maximum time took to flower was observed in genotype 37032 (66.0 ± 2.50 days), while maximum time took to ripen fruit was observed in genotypes CKD 2204 (57.0 ± 2.00 days), the maximum relative leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value) was...

Asma Hassan*, Zuhair Hasnain, Muhmmad Asadullah, Syed Saqlain Hussain and Muhammad Abbas Anees

...ht (66.133cm) and the number of branches (5.667) were with N 95 kg ha-1. Leaf area plant-1 from 0 to N85 kg ha-1 was increased gradually but later on, decreased. Gradually the Dry matter formation increase with an increase in N level, but above 85 kg ha-1 dry matter formation was regressively declined. The highest dry matter accumulation and harvest index 66.6g plant-1 17.31% respectively were calculated with N 85 kg ha-1. The highest crop growth rate (13.7 gm...

Ghulam Ali Bajwa1*, Zahid Rızwan2 and Muhammad Atıf Majeed1

...-align: justify;">The Mulberry Silkworm Moth is an important economic and domesticated insect species that needs continuously new genetic combinations to avoid fractioning of genetic diversity and gene erosion. In this study ten bivoltine hybrids were screened by heterosis using 11 biological and silk yielding quantitative traits. Heterosis was measured using multiple evaluation index (MEI), mid-parent heterosis (MPH) and better-parent heterosis (BPH), and hyb...

Muhammad Usman1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nasir Mehmood2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3

...nBank under accession numbers MW547399-MW547405. Four animal-related: age (p=0.03), weight (p<0.05), sex (p=0.03), and breed (p<0.05), while three management-related risk factors: type of housing (p<0.05), tick infestation (p=0.007), and travel history (p=0.003) were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with occurrence of Lyme borreliosis. This is the first report on the presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in Pakistan indicating the need for more compre...

Abhishek Pandit1, Suman Poudel2, Manish Gautam3* and Shambhu Shah4

...ducing heat in a vast number of females in a given time period. Ovulation can be controlled by interrupting or influencing the wave-like follicular growth pattern. Estrus synchronization is achieved by shortening or prolonging the luteal phase using prostaglandins or exogenous progestogens, respectively. The selection of protocol depends on the assessment of resources, including facilities, labor, experience, and budget. PGF2α induces luteal regression f...

Wael Mohamed Wafa1*, Mohammed Mahmoud Hegazy1, Mohamed Mohamed El-said Ibrahim1, Hamdy Abdala El-Nagar1, Rehab Fawzy Ismail2 

...oral administration on puberty, some metabolic parameters, and pregnancy rate of Friesian heifers. Eighteen Friesian female calves (14.55±1.15 months of age and 205.0±16.09 kg LBW) were divided into three groups (6 in each) according to age and body weight. All groups were fed same diet; control group was untreated (CG), while those in the 2nd and 3rd groups were orally treated with 300 ml GL/head/twice/week (GG) or daily 25 g PF/100 LBW (PFG) fr...

Qurban Ali1, Habib-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Abdullah3, Asad Aslam1*, Muti Ullah4, Ali Sher5, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Humaira Malik1, Muhammad Umar Qasim1, Muhammad Yasir6, Ijaz Haider1, Tamsila Nazir1 and Muhammad Jawad Saleem1

...months, August and September. Results of population dynamics with abiotic conditions revealed that highest population i.e. 17.10% recorded at 42.1 ºC at 67.1 % relative humidity. Overall results concluded that the population of the C. partellus can be effectively controlled by the integration of Chlorpyriphos 40% EC into the Integrated Pest Management program.

...

Shabana Ehsan1*, Aneela Riaz2, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Abid Ali1, Ifra Saleem3, Muhammad Aftab3, Khalid Mehmood4, Fakhar Mujeeb1, Muhammad Asif Ali1, Hina Javed1, Fraza Ijaz1, Anwar-ul-Haq5, Khaliq-ur-Rehman3 and M. Usman Saleem

...oduction. The growth chamber and field study was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of these isolates on the growth and yield parameters of wheat. Total bacterial isolates were 50, out of which 15 isolates were found significantly positive for the production of siderophore and solubilizing of nutrients. The (SPS10) produced a comparatively high percentage of 46.2 % siderophore units, as shown by results between positive isolates. Out of 15 positive, 7 isola...

Syed Ishfaq Ali Shah1,3, Azaz Ahmad2 and Wanzhi Cai1,*

...tions of Pakistan for members of Reduviinae. In this context, Acanthaspis rafiqi Shah and Cai sp. nov., is described, including descriptions of genitalia and detailed illustrations giving important diagnostic characters. Interestingly, this species has relatively similar body size and color patterns including the structure of male pygophore and parameres, however, differs from A. quinquespinosa in the structure of the phallus.

...

Muhammad Umar1*, Mubashar Hussain1 and David C. Lee2

...s greater in winter (October-March; H´= 3.279) than in summer (April-September; H´= 2.987). Spatially, avian diversity was highest in agroforestry (H´ = 4.261), then urban cropland (H´ = 3.746), and lowest in pure croplands (H´ = 2.247). Bird community composition changed significantly across seasons and agricultural systems. Resident species tended to contribute most to intra-seasonal and syste...

Ahmad Nadeem1,2 and Rubina Arshad1,2,*

..., root length (5.9%), number of secondary branches (19%), pod number (63.2%) and seed number per plant (75%) was observed in MLPA6 mutant inoculated plants as compared to control whereas maximum increase in 100 seed weight (43.1%) and plant weight (90%) was attained in consortium treated plants over control. In desi variety, MLPA6 mutant also manifested significant increase in root length ...

Sajida Batool*, Sitara Shameem, Kainat Malik and Aneela Iram

... decrease in the mean number of mononuclear hepatocytes was observed in all treated groups as compared to control. While, ACSA of mononuclear hepatocytes increased significantly (P<0.001) in the direct and glass container group as compared to control. Relative nucleo-cytoplasmic index of hepatocytes and mean number of oval and kupffer cells per unit area was significantly decreased in all treated groups as compared to con...

Qamar Javed Iqbal1*, Zainab Masood2, Asad Abbas3 and Sidra Munir4

...arameters. The iodine number of pumpkin seed oil was found to be 108 g I2/100g oil. This oil was epoxidized by 30% H2O2 which acts as oxygen donor and glacial acetic acid which acts as oxygen carrier using inert solvent (benzene) in the presence of acidic ion exchange resin (Amberlite IR-120) as catalyst. The effect of different parameters such as catalyst loading, temperature, stirring speed, molar ratios of H2O2 and acetic...

Ahmad-ur-Rahman Saljoqi, Muhammad Tayeb and Muhammad Salim*

...ARI) Tarnab, Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP)-Pakistan during rabi season 2018-2019. Fourteen wheat cultivars i.e Wadaan-17, Paseene-17, Khaista-17, Ghaneemat, KT-2017, Pakhtunkhaw-15, PS-15, NIFA-Insaf-15, NIFA-Aman-15, Pakistan-13, PS-13, Shahkaar-13, PS-5, NIFA-lalma were planted in Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) having three (3) replications. Data regarding the population trends of R. padi and its associated natural enemies were recorded on weekly...

Tinda Afriani*, Endang Purwati, Yurnalis, Jaswandi, Mangku Mundana, Adisti Rastosari, Anna Farhana  

...was not in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Keywords | SNP, FSHR gene, Pesisir cattle, DNA isolation, single nucleotide polymorphism 

...

Jie Yang1, Wenjun Zhou2, Qi Zhang2, Lei Chu2, Zhenshi Chen1, Xiajun Zhang2, Weidong Wu3*, Shaoru Zhang1* and Lihui Wang1*

...rom January 2016 to December 2020 were collected by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Secondly, the drug sensitivity of all clinical isolates was analyzed. Thirdly, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were used to analyze the genes related to AZM resistance (AZM-R), including 23s rRNA allele mutation, mtrR promoter and coding region mutation, rplD and rplV mutation. Finally, the clinical...

Muhammad Said1, Amjad Hussain Mirani1, Abdul Kabir*1,2, Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan3, Abdul Latif Bhutto1, Ghulam Shabbir Barham1, Khaleeq Ur Rahman Bhutto4, Muhammad Uzair1, Maaz Khan1 

...rld. Globalization and liberalization are adding additional positive forces to the modern economy today, which is fast-moving forward in industrial production, and the dairy business is no exemption. Milk is a necessary social meal, but as the quality and quantity of milk decline, it has an impact on dairy farmers’ livelihoods and family nutrition, resulting in significant losses. Because the quantity and quality of milk are so important in the dairy sec...

Shad Mahfuz1,2†, Hong-Seok Mun1,3†, Veasna Chem1, Keiven Mark B Ampode1,4, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1,5, Hae-Rang Park1, Il-Byung Chung1, Young-Hwa Kim6, Chul-Ju Yang1,5* 

...epellent, the average number of feeding approaches in repellent feeder was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in bitrex chemical (denatonium benzoate) and thiophanate-methyl chemical. No differences were noted in the number of feeding approach among the natural repellent, capsaicin, red chili, ground garlic, and dead insects (Riptortus clavatus). Moreover, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) on the num

Yasemin Yıldırım Meşepınar and İlker Kepenekci*

...: justify;">The potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (PTM) is the most destructive pest. One of the most successful groups of biological control agents against soil insect pests are the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. This study assessed the effects of EPNs (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) species [Steinernema feltiae (Balıkesir isolates) and Heterorhabditis bacter...

Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1*, Dalia Y.Z. Amin1, Mona A. Ismail1 and Khalid A. El-Dougdoug2

...ure resembles that of members of the genus Trichovirusin the family Flexiviridae. In this study, the virus isolated from fig plants belongs to the genus Trichovirus in the family Flexiviridae.

...

Ayesha Saeed1*, Farzana Kishwar2, Ahsan Nazir3, Sharjeel Abid4, Muhammad Abiodullah5, and Danial Ali6

...acterial dry sheet nanofiber mask loaded with leaf extracts of MA and HRS as antibacterial agents in SA/PVA nanofibers through electrospinning method, which was just wet before its application. Leaf extracts were used at three concentration levels (0.5, 1, and 1.5 %). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images confirmed the formation of optimized nanofibers with diameter range from ±...

Rani Winardi Wulan Sari1, Novirman Jamarun2*, Suyitman3, Khasrad4, Elihasridas2, James Hellyward5, Gusri Yanti1 

...ts, nutrient and cells fiber digestibility, rumen fluid characteristic, and gas production using an in vitro methodology. Samples of Hay Mangrove Leaves (HML) (Rhizophora apiculaca) and Native Grass (NG) were arranged into dietary tretmeants (Dry Matter (DM) Basic). The experimental design used is a randomized block design consisting of 4 treatments with 5 replications. The treatment was P1=60% Hay Mangrove Leaves (HML)+40% Native Grass (NG), P2=50% HML+50% NG...

Saydat Saad Abd El-Megeed1, Walaa Yehia El-Sayed1*, Tarek Khamis2 

.... Because of the vast number of patients affected by the condition and the repercussions it has, many scientists are being forced to research multiple medicines, all of which are quite expensive. The antidiabetic activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were assessed in rats. ZnO NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) -nicotinamide in rats, and some biochemical and molecular parame...
Muhammad Younis1, Sami Ullah1, Fathul Bari1, Muhammad Asif2, Muhammad Ilyas2, Mahvish Rauf2, Ejaz Ur Rehman3, Rubina Noor4, Muhammad Arif4 and Muhammad Ali Nawaz5*
...CGNP) harbors a large number of mammals. However, population size, estimated density or any other ecological parameter is not available for those species except annual census counts for markhor Capra falconeri. Management and conservation efforts are assessed by using relative abundance estimates. The current study aimed to estimate relative abundance of mammalian fauna of CGNP. During the current study, 30 camera traps (motion triggered camera (Reconyx™...

Muhammad Izhar ul Haque1, Farhan Anwar Khan1*, Umar Sadique1, Hamayun Khan1, Zia ur Rehman1, Salman Khan1, Hayatullah Khan1,2, Faisal Ahmad1,3, Mumtazur Rahman1, Faiz Ur Rehman1, Muhammad Saeed1, Mehboob Ali1 and Saqib Nawaz1

...t-align: justify;">Paratuberculosis (pTB) also known as Johne’s disease (JD), is a chronic infectious disease of animals caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). It is also a serious public health concern as MAP is responsible for Crohn’s disease in human beings. This infectious disease is so far unexplored in animals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of P...

Murad Ali Rahat1*, Muhammad Israr2, Hakim Khan1, Ishtiaq Hassan1, Mohammad Islam1 and Muzafar Shah3

...duals were greater in number than blue and intermediate eyes color individuals. Moreover, Irisplex system predicted 100% blue and brown eye color while issue in predicting in intermediate eye color. The data of the current study indicated the six Irisplex SNPs the rs16891982 and rs1800407 SNP are significant association with eye color. Conclusion: This study showed that the most prevalent human color traits among Pakhtun population of Shangla was brown eye col...

Akbar Hayat1*, Ehsan Ul Haque1, Marayam Nasir2, Rab Nawaz3, Tariq Mahmood4 and Sohaib Afzaal1

...d Valencia, Cara Cara, Amber Sweet, Sun Star and Salustiana. All of these different five citrus varieties evaluated objectively assessing their suitability both for direct consumption and value addition. The work spread over two years (2018and19) produced distinctive results for their commercial exploitation. The attributes in analytical work for fruit quality evaluation were fruit size, weight, peel thickness, peel percentage, juice percentage, rag percentage...

Madad Ali1, Muhammad Ahsan1, Muhammad Zubair Akram*2 and Samreen Nazeer3

... = 0.784) followed by number of leaves per plant (r = 0.715). Grains yield also showed the highest positive and significant phenotypic correlation with plant height (r = 0.469) followed by total biomass (r = 0.431). Number of grain rows per cob (r = 2.662) exhibited the highest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant followed by total biomass (r = 1.993) and 100 grains weight (r = 1.194). Among the hybrids understudy...

Ishtiaq Ahmad1*, Muhammad Nafees1, Maryam2, Irfan Ashraf3, Ambreen Maqsood4 and Muhammad Saqib5 

...text-align: justify;">Mulberry fruits (Morus alba and M. nigra) are highly nutritious that can be used to mitigate malnutrition of human beings, however have very low shelf-life. The present study was aimed at evaluation of different drying methods to improve shelf-life of dry mulberry fruits for their sustainable availability in the market for human consumption. For this purpose, common drying methods viz., sun drying, shad...

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Chand Raza1, Ayesha Muzamil1, Farman Ahmad Chaudhary2, Muhammad Summer1 and Aamir Ali1

...arrageenan alone, the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and platelets were decreased, whereas count of white blood cells was increased significantly. The effect of sericin and curcumin was dose dependent. The highest concentrations of sericin (0.09 mg/ml) and curcumin (3%) reversed the blood parameters close to the normal. The hematological studies for this mixture formulation of sericin 0.09 mg/ml sericin and 3% curcumin were reported for the first time and ...

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Chand Raza1, Ayesha Muzamil1, Farman Ahmad Chaudhary2, Muhammad Summer1 and Aamir Ali1

...arrageenan alone, the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and platelets were decreased, whereas count of white blood cells was increased significantly. The effect of sericin and curcumin was dose dependent. The highest concentrations of sericin (0.09 mg/ml) and curcumin (3%) reversed the blood parameters close to the normal. The hematological studies for this mixture formulation of sericin 0.09 mg/ml sericin and 3% curcumin were reported for the first time and ...

Mahmut Islamoglu

... [where Y= Sunn pest (Number), T= Temperature, P= Photoperiods (H)] is appropriate. This model was determined to have the best correlation (r = 0.755, r2 = 0.571, n = 122, P = 0.000). Moreover; It is determined that air temperature and photoperiod affect the migration of Sunn pest positively, while other parameters are not statistically significant.

...

Widiastuti Ardiansyah1,3, Osfar Sjofjan2*, Eko Widodo2, Suyadi Suyadi2, Danung Nur Adli2 

...inear increase in the number of bioactive compounds and the reproductive organs of Mojosari ducks.

Keywords | Bioactive compound, Follicle, Mojosari Duck, Reproductive Organ, Turmeric  

...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Naila Chand1 and Muhammad Tahir2

...de protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), and fat were recorded higher in the control group during all the three phases. It is concluded that the different levels of soybean hull in the basal diet resulted in lower production performance and nutrient digestibility than the control group.

...

Ansar Abbas1*, Muhammad Aman Ullah2, Abdul Waheed3 and Muhammad Asif4

...tive ability, minimum number of parent (20) and child nodes (10) were set for CHAID algorithm. The empirical results revealed that HL was the most significant predictor of live BW of Thalli sheep by using both methods. However, the comparative analysis shows that the CHAID algorithm performed well as compared to the MLR (CHAID vs. MLR: R2 % = 79.38 vs. 73.27; Adj-R2 %= 78.70 vs. 72.50; SD ratio=0.45 vs. 0.51; RMSE= 3.15 vs. 3.58; RAE= 0.12 vs. 0.14; MAD= 2.41 ...

Ayma Aftab, Samia Afzal* and Muhammad Idrees

...ation rate (ESR) test, tuberculosis test, real time PCR and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were done to rule out the cause of flu like symptoms. HRCT reveals a haze area in the right perihilar region adjacent to medial part of horizontal fissure on the 3rd day of manifestation of symptoms. Radiological studies showed early consolidation of COVID-19 whereas RT-PCR showed negative results. Chest CT imaging is a highly sensitive technique that has als...

V. Sunitha*, V. Vasudeva Rao, V. Ravinder Reddy, P. Venkateshwarlu, A.V.L.N. Ramalingeswar Rao and B. Naresh

... month of April to September and from October to March the rodents were predominant. The overall analysis showed that the spotted owlet diet consists of predominantly insects followed by rodents, reptiles, amphibians (Opportunistic) and played significant role in reducing the various crop pests in the study range.

...

Iqra Qazi1, Sohail Raza1*, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Avais2

...lence was 68.40%. Post pubertal animals (>3yrs) contributing more to disease occurrence. High sero-positivity was observed in buffalo (73.12%) as compared to cattle (60%) moreover, the sero-prevalence is higher in animals of greater size herds. Parity status is in agreement of strong correlation with BoHV-1 infection. Evidently, positivity rate was higher in animals bred with artificial insemination as compare to natural breeding method.

...

Jianmin Liu1, Jiancheng Zhang2, Peijuan Wang3,* and Moslem Lari Najafi4

...w, ovarian volume and number, treatment efficacy, glucose metabolism, ovulation and fertility in each group. There are statistical differences in sex hormone level, ovarian arterial blood flow, ovarian volume and number, treatment efficacy, glucose metabolism, ovulation and fertility in each group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of new addition congrong tusi pill is 100.00% for ovarian function decline, while that of d...

Nina Chen1, Shuang Xu2, Juanjuan Lin1* and Moslem Lari Najafi3

...usion (33:10:40). The number of fine particles was analyzed by automatic particle counter. According to results, even 24 h after preparation, 12 β-lactam antibiotics, clindamycin phosphate, teicoplanin, trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole and micafungin sodium did not change significantly. The particle size of the mixture containing vancomycin hydrochloride, levofloxacin hydrate, metronidazole and fluconazole increased gradually. The particle size of fosfomyci...

Qingyue Han1, Ying Li1, Jichang Deng1, Kunxuan Huang1, Yanyang Yang1, Quanwei Li1, Zhuowei Zhang1, Na Qiao1, Yanju Ji2, Khalid Mehmood3, Sarfaraz Ali Fazlani4, Hui Zhang1 and Zhaoxin Tang1*

...t of myocardial muscle fiber, while vitamins D3 can improve the decrease of cardiac index and development of myocardial fiber due to low calcium supplementation. The expression profile of IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP3, PCNA and ki67 genes were down regulated in LCa group as compared to control group; while the vitamin D3 supplementation significantly up regulated the above genes expression. In conclusion, our findings suggested that 25...

Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar1, Farah Umar2, Naeem Akhtar3 and Muhammad Jan4

...ng 56.8% with average number of roots per cutting 4.4 and root length 4.3 cm was observed. This treatment also showed higher callusing 80.5%, sprouting 83.3% and survival rate 51.1% as compared to all other treatments. Among other treatments T5 (IBA+PB) and T4 (IBA+UP) are ranked second and third respectively in term of higher rooting ability. The minimum rooting was observed in T7 (UP+PB). The present study demonstrated the effect of combined treatment of IBA...

Zarnosh Habib1, Muhammad Ibrahim2*, Nasir Shah2, Israr Ullah3 and Norman Javed Gill4

...debris, while minimum number of parasitized pupae were recorded in a day old pupae at 3 cm depth. Correlation of percent pupal parasitism with depths of host pupae in plant debris, showed a negative linear trend. With increasing depth, the percentage of parasitism decreased, showing the lowest significant (F = 10.55, P < 0.0001) 38.74% pupae parasitized at 3 cm depth. Whereas, correlation of percent of pupae parasitized with the age of host pupae exhibited ...

Bilal Saeed Khan1*, Muhammad Arslan1, Abdul Ghaffar2, Muhammad Farooq2, Saghir Ahmad3, Sami Ullah4 and Awais Rasool5

...ecorded in the lowest numbers. The abundance of soil-inhabiting mites with respect to different locations in various months revealed that maximum abundance of mite families were recorded from Kotla Gurmani (38.5) followed by Kot Chutta (37.0) during October and minimum abundance was recorded during September from Mana Ahmadani (14.8). The maximum richness was recorded from mango orchards d...

Neni Widaningsih1,2*, Budi Hartono2, Hari Dwi Utami2, Eni Siti Rohaeni3 

...s, and consumers. The number of respondents in this study was 135 persons. Methods of data analysis carried out include; qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis is intended to find out the characteristics of marketing institutions, and the marketing channels of buffalo cattle. While quantitative analysis is intended to find out margins and farmer share and marketing efficiency. The results of the study obtained that there are 4 pat...

Istna Mangisah1*, Heni Rizqiati2, Nyoman Suthama1 

...illus casei and dahlia tuber extract (LDTE) mixture on intestinal microbial, digestive and immune organs weights, nutrient digestibility, and productive performance of broiler starter. Day-old broiler chickens with an average body weight of 45.61 ± 3.46 g, a total of 160 birds, were placed evenly in 20 experimental plots. The treatment tested was the LDTE level in 100 grams of feed, LDTE0 = without LDTE, LDTE1 = 1 mL, LDTE2 = 2 mL, and LDTE3 = 3 mL. Th...

Iftikhar Alam1*, Sana Shah1, Muhammad Farooq2* and Samiya Rahman3

...among selected (n=46) members of nutrition experts on research questions of interest. The experts were motivated to thoroughly review the postgraduate NEC contents against the three ‘domains’ (“Clinical Nutrition”, “Applied Nutrition” and “Basic Nutrition”), which served as standards for comparison. They were requested to answer on: “which subject matters from every domain are addressed in the present postg...

Abdul Kabir1, Muhammad Rasheed2, Hubdar Ali Kaleri5, Depeesh Kumar Bhuptani3, Mithan Kumar4, Raza Ali Mangi6, Abdul Wahid Solangi4, Sheva Dari1, Saqib Kakar4, Panah Munir4, Ekra Akbar4 and Rameez Raja Kaleri4,5*

... high range. In the December of 2019, outbreak of corona virus started in China. The most common symptoms of this viral infection was observed and reported by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses SARS Cov 2. Main signs and symptoms of infections has been observed, tiredness, shortness in respiration, pain in chest area, dry cough, fever with difficulty in breathiness. Its genome sequence homology study also showed that the nucleotide sequence...

Antonius1,3, Anuraga Jayanegara2*, Komang Gede Wiryawan2, Simon Petrus Ginting3, Anjas Asmara Samsudin4, Elizabeth Wina5 

..., crude protein, crude fiber and crude fat. The T1 and T2 treatments resulted higher (P<0.05) average daily gain of 52.87% and 48.05% than that of control, respectively. The mutton tenderness level of T1 increased from tough scale in the control treatment to quite tender. In conclusion, gambir leaf extract addition did not negatively affect palatability and nutrient intake, increased average daily gain for Boerka goats, increased tenderness, and maintained ...

Nosheen Jehajo*, Nasreen Memon, Mansoor Ali Shah and Naheed Shah

...conducted in August-November, 2019. The experiment was laid out at (30±2 ºC and 65±5% relative humidity), to investigate the insecticidal efficacy of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) (neem) and Ricinus cummunis (L.) (castor) seeds oil that effect the various biological parameters of C. maculatus fed on Vigna radiata (mung beans) including mortality, oviposition, and adult emergence using three replication for each treatment. Four concentrations ...

Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed1*, Aziz Ullah2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta3, Ammara Yasmeen4, Hafeez ur Rehman5 and Umar Farooq5

...elet per spike (SPS), number of grains per spike (NGS), grain yield per plant (GYP), grain length (GL), grain width (GWD), grain area (GA) and grain sphericity (GS) differed significantly among all genotypes, indicating the presences of genetic variability. Yield related traits like SPS, NGS, and GYP is positively and highly correlated with GL, GW, GA and GS which exhibited the importance of these indices in studied germplasm. It was therefore suggested that p...
Humaira Gul1*, Muhammad Junaid Yousaf1*, Fawad Ali1, Mamoona Rauf1, Farhad Ali2 and Iqthedar Ali3
...ll in sandy soil. The number of leaves, branches, fruits, plant height, proteins, and chlorophylls were significantly (P<0.05) increased in sandy soil proportion whereas in soil analysis moisture, hygroscopic water, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), chlorides, organic matter were significantly (P<0.05) increased for the soily soil in same proportion that is of sandy soil. This reveals that Barley should be grown in sandy soil for its better growth and ...

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1*, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Ali Zachi Abdulqader Alhilfi2, Sohail Ahmed Otho1, Qurban Ali3, Din Muhammad Soomro1 and Zubair Ahmed Soomro1

... on insect mortality, number of adult insects, seed damage (punctured seeds and weight loss of chickpea seeds), seed germination percentage, root length (cm) and seed vigour index. The insect mortality was recorded at different intervals such as 24, 48, 72 hrs and 1 week) and the results indicated that E. sativa gave a consecutively higher mortality at each interval, meanwhile the highest at one week (50.00%) as compared to other treatments followed by A. indi...

Ifrah Amjad1, Muhammad Nouman Khalid1*, Muhammad Kashif1, Muhammad Noman1, Sajid Ali2, Rizwan Ahmed Shaikh3, Muhammad Babar4, Muhammad Asim Bhutta5 and Amna Bibi5

...ntents, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, total spikelets per panicle, number of grains per panicle and 1000 grain weight were affected by submergence stress. While in another experiment drought stress was applied for 30 days on five Sub1 genotypes along with Nagina-22 (Drought tolerant check) and IR-64 (drought susceptible check) in split plot design with three replications. Drought stres...

Mushtaq Hussain Soomro1, Jan Muhammad Mari1, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal2* and Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar2

...ms captured a smaller number of weevils. The ability of Ferrolure+ to attract RPW increased till July 13, 2018, and then gradually declined as no weevils were captured after August 3, 2018. Moreover, the number of females captured in pheromone traps was two times more than the males. Therefore, the addition of either sugarcane or date palm stems with Ferrolure+ traps in infested date palm orchards can enhance the RPW capture...

Emtiaz Ibrahim Ghoniem, Gaber Mamdouh Abdelgalil, Amira Farouk Gad* and El-Sayed Hassan Eshra

 
...sed for controlling a number of molluscs in many areas. In this study, CuSO4 toxicity indices against T. pisana after 24, 48 and 72 h using the topical application technique were estimated. Additionally, in vivo evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in T. pisana intoxicated with two sublethal doses of CuSO4 (0.25 and 0.5 of LD50) after 24, 48 and 72 ...

Naila Shahzadi1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Azizullah1, Muhamamd Farooq Bhatti2, Shaukat Ali1, Muhamamd Summer1 and Farman Ahmad Chaudhary3

...he 5th instar (day 1) mulberry silkworms were divided into four groups of 20 each: namely a control and three experimental groups. Plain (untreated) mulberry leaves were offered to the control group while experimental groups were fed on the mulberry leaves treated with exogenous nutrients alone (5% sericin, 3% honey) and in combination (5% sericin + 3% honey). Results showed that the larva...

Md. Aminul Islam1*, SM Mostafizur Rahaman Sumon1, ANM Aminoor Rahman2, Fahima Khatun3 

... a McMaster counting chamber. A total of 85 faecal samples from five different dairy farms were examined. The overall infection rate of helminths in dairy cows is 37.65%. A total of five different types of nematodes were observed in all the investigated dairy farms. The highest infection rate (11.76%) and the lowest infection rate (4.71%) was found for Neoascaris spp. (Toxocara spp.) and Fasciola spp., respectively. Hemonchus spp. were fully (100%) susceptible...
Ahmad Zaman, Azhar Rafique*, Farhat Jabeen and Tayyaba Sultana
...nant site in terms of number of individuals while highest avian diversity was observed at river Chenab sides. Summer season was the most fertile season with respect to number of individuals, followed by winter, spring and autumn while highest number of species was observed in winter season followed by summer, spring and autumn.
...

Riaz Noor Panhwar1*, Abdul Fatah Soomro1, Muhammad Chohan1, Illahi Bux Bhatti1, Ali Hassan Mari1, Samia Arain1 and Sagheer Ahmad2

...ickness, cane height, number of millable canes, and cane yield, whereas, non-significant (p≥0.05) variations were observed for brix%, pol%, purity% and commercial cane sugar percentage (CCS%). The mean data showed a maximum cane yield of 150.84 t ha-1 for YtTh-1705, followed by YtTh-1707 (145.42 t ha-1) and YtTh-1701 (142.29 t ha-1). Whereas, the minimum yield of 104 t ha-1 was recorded in YtTh-1730 against the check variety (137.09 t ha-1). Similarly, the ...

Khunsa Khakwani1*, Muhammad Asif1, Zaheer Ahmed2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Yasmeen Abbassi2 and Ghulam Murtaza2 

...counts for 75 % of the fiber mix in textile industry products. Fiber yield and quality are very crucial parameters for a cotton breeding program. Five varieties namely FH-414, FH-415, FH-490, FH-492, and FH-ANMOL were used as lines and crossed with three testers namely NIAB- SANAM, CIM-602, and EYE-111 during the year 2019-20. Data was recorded for plant height (PH), number of monopodial b...

Umair Faheem1*, Madiha Mobeen Khan2, Qurban Ali3, Muhammad Jamil4, Wajiha Anum2, Mashal Rehman2, Imran Akhtar2, Mussurrat Hussain1, Qaisar Abbas1, Ghayour Ahmad5 and Abrar Ahmad6

...ke plant height (cm), number of silique per plant, yield loss in unsprayed blocks was compared to the yield of pesticide sprayed blocks. The yield components and yield in the insecticide free plots were much lower than that of insecticide sprayed plots which were kept aphid free. Maximum percentage reduction (14%) in plant height was observed on BRJ-9072, the silique per plant loss percentage was maximum on KP-raya (36.97%), whereas maximum percentage loss of ...

Most. Shakila Sarmin1,2, Md. Ashekur Rahman1,2, Most. Farida Parvin2,3, Mst. Shefaly Khatun4, Kazi Ahsan Habib5, Wasim Sabbir6, Jun Ohtomi7 and Md. Yeamin Hossain1*

...esh between January-December 2020. All lengths (TL, total; FL, fork; SL, standard length), were taken using a fish measuring board to 0.01 cm as well as a digital balance is used to weigh body weight (BW) to 0.01 g precision. The size structure (length-frequency distributions, LFDs) indicated that the males with TL 22.0-22.9 cm and females with 29.0-29.9 cm size group were statistically more appeared. The TL and BW varied between 11.5-53.0 cm and 27.6 to 1228....

Sumaria Maqsood1*, Muhammad Ali 2, Amna Shoaib3, Shahbaz Ahmad2 and Noor-ul-Ain2

...ial to attain a large number of insects with good quality for bio-ecological studies and biological control programs. In the current study, a modified diet was formulated and assessed against two diets used for mass rearing of S. litura, and tomato fruits were taken as a natural diet. Results revealed that development attributes based on mass rearing of S. litura on the modified diet (wheat germ + tomato paste) significantly reduced the larval and pupal develo...

Talat Farid Ahmed1*, Muhammad Azeem Afzal1, Hashim Nisar Hashmi2, Hafiz Muhammad Yousuf2, Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah1 and Muhammad Atiqullah Khan1 

... Abbottabad district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province and Sanjwal Cantt, Attock district, Punjab Province, Pakistan. Evaluation of the lithology of subsurface strata was carried out by electrical resistivity survey (ERS) interpreted by software packages 1X1D using ABEM Terrameter SAS-4000. The different 05 sites were selected for ERS after identifying feasible locations. Data acquired was processed using the Schlumberger e...

Ahmed Fathy1, Rania A. Hassan2, Essam S. Soliman3* 

...ry period (DP/weeks), number of services per conception (SPC rate), and days to first insemination (DFI/days). The raw data on 927 buffaloes (763 crossbred and 164 Baladi buffaloes) were collected from a dairy farm in Al Sharqia governorate- Egypt. The results showed that MY/kg, DIM/days, AFC/months, CI/months, DO/days, DP/weeks, SPC rate, and DFI/days were good discriminators between both buffalo breeds. The discriminant function showed a significant associat...
Alia Tajdar1,3, Shaghef Ejaz2, Muhammad Shah Zaib1, Anum Ishfaq1, Syed Muhammad Zaka1*, Hafiz Muhammad Safeer1 and Khalid Abbas1
...a, Mentha pipertia, Zingiber officinale, and Cinnamomum spp. were prepared in methanol, ethanol, and distilled water. The olfactory response of B. zonata was studied in Y-tube olfactometer and effect on the quality parameters (colour, taste, weight loss, pH, and titratable acidity) of banana was evaluated in laboratory conditions. The olfactory results of the present study showed that all botanical extracts exhibited the repellent effect against B. zonata, but...

Shabana Parveen1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Ayaz Hussain Qadri1, Ghulam Dastagir3, Muhammad Hanif Chandio4, Pervaiz Khan4, Faheem Saddar5, Naveed Ahmad Abro6, Shahnaz Rashid7 and Ghulam Abbas7

...for each sex) during October 2020 to September 2021.The experimental fish was procured from the commercial catch of local fisher community. The investigations were based on estimation of fecundity and its relationship with other body parameters, variation in egg size and calculation of gonadosomatic index. The results of fecundity estimation were based on 10 mature female fish ranging in size 30.4 to 43 cm and from 235.0 to ...

Muhammad Azam1*, Shaista Naz1*, Malik Muhammad Shafi2, Muhammad Jamil Afridi3 and Ahmad Waheed4

...he farm households of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this purpose, the data were collected from 180 farm household heads through an interview schedule. In addition, the food consumption data of households were collected on weekly basis. The dietary intake method was used for the assessment of farm households’ food security by using of 2450 kcal/Day/AE. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, frequencies, and percentages were the main-stati...

Umar M. Bello1*, Samuel A. Ojo1, Abdurrahman Ghaji1, Ambrose A. Voh (Jr)2, Muazu N. Bappah3, Casmir O. Igbokwe4  

... drastic reduction in number of superficial cells and the proportion of leucocytes in smears began to rise while the desquamation of parabasal and intermediate cells with leucocytosis characterized the diestrus phase. In thermal study, there was significant (P< 0.05) difference in both mean rectal temperature (MRT) and mean vaginal temperature (MVT) values on day of estrus, the same not the case during the three other stages of the oestrous cycle, however...

Adrial Adrial1*, Rudy Priyanto2, Salundik Salundik2, Ahmad Yani2, Luki Abdullah3 

...cluding delayed age at puberty and first calving, delayed postpartum estrus and longer calving interval.

Keywords | Calcium, Phosphorus, Copper, Peatland, Reproductive Performance 

...

Ibrahim Samir Abd El-Hamid1, Alaa Emara Rabee2, Moustafa Mohamed M. A. Ghandour2, Rasha Salah Mohammed3, Ahmed Mohamed. Sallam4 

...uma longa), ginger (Zingiber officinaleor), and garlic (Allium sativum). The third group (n=5) supplemented with 5 g/head/day of commercial Quebracho tannins extract (QT). The findings showed that the PHM and QT groups had higher (P≤0.05) mean values of sperm concentration, mass motility, sperm motility, sperm viability, and cell membrane integrity. Plasma testosterone concentration and number of red blood cells were high...

Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil1*, Abdus Subhan3, Ghani Akbar1, Muhammad Asif1, Zafar Islam1, Adnan Shakeel1 and Fawad Anwar2 

... days to harvest, and number of tillers per plant and grain weight per ear were significantly changed by the application of different amounts of water (treatment) during the two years of the experiment. Conventional irrigation showed significantly higher values ​​of growth parameters, but was comparable to the irrigation regime applied to 50 and 75% of the field capacity. Similarly, the use of different amounts of water significantly affected the yield and...
Huma Abbas1*, Nazir Javed1, Muhammad Kamran2, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Abdul Jabbar1, Akhtar Hameed1, Hira Abbas3, Azhar Iqbal2 and Ehetisham-ul-Haq2
...plant growth. Maximum number of J2s was recorded in nematode control (1241.0) while a dynamic decline was observed in Cartap+NPK, Virtako+NPK, Cure+NPK and Azadirachtin+NPK (144.4, 162.2, 198.1, 216.6) respectively. Combined application of selected chemicals with fertilizers not only reduced nematode reproduction but also improved plant growth. So, the integrated use of chemicals with fertilizers could be a successful tool in management strategies of root knot...
Wasim Akram1, Azhar Hussain2*, Sartaj Ali2, Iqbal Hussain3 and Muhammad2
.... Between July and September 2021 in district Hunza, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, this study aimed to determine the spatiotemporal variability of two species of fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata and Bactrocera dorsalis, in apricot fruit orchards. Results revealed that there was a significant difference between the species and month to month. B. zonata had a substantially larger population than B. dorsalis. To predict the spatial variability of fruit fly species, geo...

Quang Minh Dinh1*, Tran Thi Huyen Lam2,3, Y Thi Nha Nguyen4, Thanh Minh Nguyen1 and Tien Thi Kieu Nguyen5

...o March 2020. A total number of 1,227 specimens of Butis koilomatodon (891 males and 336 females) were analyzed diet composition and feeding strategy based on the kinds of food they consumed. The results show that four main food categories were shrimps, small fish, Polychaeta, and detritus, of which the highest frequency of prey is shrimp while the lowest one is Polychaeta. The gender and fish size do not affect this species’ dietary constituent; however...
Xiao Zhang1, Guoqing Shen1, Yang Wang1, Pengdan Huang1,2, Yan Shui2, Zenghong Xu2 and Huaishun Shen1, 2*
...his study, a sizeable number of microsatellites were identified using the data of the P. clarkii genome survey generated from Illumina Hi-Seq PE sequencing. A total length of 1,625 Mb genomic sequences of P. clarkii were assembled based on 124 Gb raw sequencing data. Based on a Kmer analysis, the P. clarkii genome size was projected as approximately 3.6 Gb. A total of 336,275 SSRs (simple sequence repeats) identified motifs were identified. There were 167,999 ...

Nam Thanh Nguyen1,2,3, Linh Manh Ha4, Anh Thi Nguyen5, Nam Hoang Chu5, Hau Duc Tran5, Hung Phuc Nguyen5 and Thuy Thi Ta6*

...ng B. sinensis from December to March, with a catch size of 9.9‒12.8 cm in total length.

...
Shakeel Ahmed Wagan1, Akeel Ahmed Memon1, Qudratullah Kalwar2*, Asmatullah kaka1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan2, Hidayatulah Soomro2, Safia Kadhro3, Abdullah Sethar4 and Muhammad Jehangeer5
...ce in a year i.e. in October to January, n=40 (Peak breeding season) and March to May, n=40 (Low breeding season). Animals were divided into three groups (A, B and C). In group A, 02ml I/M injection of GnRH (25µg lecirelin acetate) were injected on day 0 and 9th of the treatment. On 7th day 05ml I/M injection of PGF2α analogue (5mg/ml dinoprost tromethamine) was administered. The group B animals received same treatment but Controlled Internal Drug ...

Mian Shamas Murtaza1,*, Aysha Sameen2, Saima Rafique3, Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Nabeela Gulzar4, Mian Anjum Murtaza5, Umar Farooq1 and Iram Hafiz6

...ric value, add dietary fiber and endorse prebiotic effects. These are frequently used in industrially processed dairy as a bulking agent for fat replacement, textural modifications and organoleptic improvements. Hence, these can be fruitfully be used in manufacturing different kind of cheeses to have reduced or low fat, texturized or symbiotic product. Present study designed to evaluate the effect of different levels of inulin and resistant starch in low fat c...

Monu Karki, Amit Kumar and Gnanavel Venkatesan*

...irus is the prototype member of the Parapoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family and is known to cause zoonotic affection sporadically. The main attraction to this virus has always been its wide range of virulence factors, known to be responsible for deceiving the host’s defense strategies and causing re-infection within a year of infection. From viroceptors like chemokine binding protein to GM-CSF and IL-2 inhibiting factors, to virokine like Interleukin...

Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi1, Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1*, Entesar H. Taha2, Mona M.S. Zayed3 and Nora R.A. Saleh1

...creasing M. incognita numbers, as they achieved higher average overall reduction (69.8%), when Pf isolates were added with the same time with Ne. Also, number of galls recorded the highest overall percentage reduction (60.3%), when Pf isolates were added before Ne followed by other groups. Also plant growth criteria improved according to the tested material at the time of addition and the highest percentage plant growth incr...

M. M. A. Youssef† and W. M. A. El-Nagdi

...a in roots i.e., when number of plants in the same pot increased (1-4 plants/pot), a higher number of nematode juveniles in plant roots occurred. Thus, plant density, such as 4 plants if produced it promoted the number of the hatched juveniles, galls and egg-masses in roots as compared to the plant densities of 1, 2 and 3/pot. However, number of juvenile...

S. F. A. Awad-Allah 1 and M. S. Khalil 2

...sed (P ≤ 0.05) the numbers of galls, egg-masses and nematode final populations. The most potent materials in reducing the numbers of M. incognita in banana soil, in a descending order, were: fenamiphos, Nemaless®, vermicompost and vermicompost tea (VCT).

...
W. M. A. El-Nagdi1†, M. M. A.Youssef1, H. Abd-El-Khair1, M. M. M. Abd Elgawadand M. G. Dawood2
...ntage (116.7%) in the number of bacterial nodules on roots of cowpea was obtained by the combined treatment Pf + Bp, followed by the combined treatment Bs + Bp i.e. 88.9%. The combined treatments of Bs + Bp and Pf + Bp were responsible for increasing phenolic and soluble proteins, respectively. The effects of combined treatments of Pf+Bs and Pf +Bp were recorded for highest contents of photosynthetic pigments than the other treatments either as single or combi...

A. Beyan1, A. Seid†2 and H. Shifa1

...measured by the lower number of root galls and egg-masses per plant compared to the susceptible Marmande genotype. Hence, further study is required to evaluate the performance of Assila genotype in hot spot areas of Meloidogyne species and Fusarium species infested farmer’s field conditions.

...

W. M. El-Nagdi,1†, Z. , E. Ghareeb2 and E. M. Zayed3

...er plant, gall index, number of leaves per plant and dry weight per plant were the most important contributing traits to root yield (R2= 94.76%). Hence, the selection among these traits would be accompanied by high yielding and more effective for the improvement of fodder root yield in the same conditions.

...

A.H. Choshali1, S. Rezaee2, S. Jamali3, H. Reza3, Zamanizadeh4 and F. Rejali5

...ptible and tolerant cucumber roots pre-colonized with Funneliformis mosseae against root knot-nematode Meloidogyne incognita were studied. Mycorrhizal plants which pre-colonized for 7 weeks inoculated with 1500 J2 per 1 kg soil. The quantitative activity of chitinase and ß 1, 3 glucanase enzymes was assessed on 2, 4, 6 and 8th days after M. incognita inoculation based on split- plot in time design. Also the results showed that AMF pre-inoculation caused ...

L. Yue, S. Ahmed†, Q. Liu and H. Jian

...ength and reduced the number of root-knot nematode galls on tomato roots followed by biocontrol agent S. rubrogriseus and Bacillus sp., as compared to the untreated control treatment after 60 DPI and 90 DPI.

...

M. Israr1†, M. Habib1 and K. Nasira2

... fields of Punjab and Khyber Pukhtunkhwa provinces. The plant parasitic nematodes were extracted from soil samples by Cobb’s sieving and decanting method (Cobb, 1918) followed by modified Baermann technique (Baermann, 1917). After processing, the nematode genera and species were identified (Siddiqi, 2000). Tylenchorhynchus usmanensis is reported from the first time from Pakistan is briefly redescribed and illustrated.

...

Hira Anwar1, Muhammad Jabran1,3, Anam Moosa2, Usman Arshad2, Abdul Haseeb1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Burhan4, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed5 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*

...cessfully reduced the number of galls (10.5), number of females (23.2), egg masses (19.5), egg mass index (4.1), and galling index (2.1) against the RKNs. Conclusively, the combined application of all the bacterial strains was more effective in causing the suppression of RKNs and promotion of plant growth. This study illustrates the role of endophytic bacteria in controlling root knot nematode infection through the different...

Urooj Shakoor* and Syed Attaullah Shah

...erty profile in rural Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan), using Alkire-Foster Method, and a binary logit analysis was conducted to identify its determinants. Data set of 3035 rural households, extracted from Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement survey (2018-19), was grouped into three geo-climate zones (Northern, Central and Southern zones). Results from data analysis revealed that 46.6 percent of the sampled rural households were multidimensional poor a...

Cuiping Liu

...(n=53) using a random number table. The control group was given heterozygous blood purification, and the observation group was given alpha keto acid combined with heterozygous blood purification for 6 months. Compared with the renal function indexes before treatment, the levels of SCr and BUN in the 2 groups decreased after 3 and 6 months of treatment, and the reduction in the observation group was higher; After 3 and 6 months of treatment, the levels of TP, P...

Reem R. Tahon, Nora A. Shaker* 

...cupied the branchial chamber on each side of the cephalothorax. The female reproductive system consisted of bilateral ovaries, oviducts, seminal receptacles, in addition to single vagina and gonopore, while the male reproductive system consisted of a pair of testes, vas deferens, and gonopods. The stomach was a complex structure whose walls bore calcareous ossicles. It was divided into the cardiac stomach with four ossicles: unpaired mesocardiac, paired pteroc...

A. S. A. Saad1, M. A. Radwan2†, H. A. Mesbah1, H. S. Ibrahim3 and M. S. Khalil3

... in tomatoes based on number of galls per
root system, number of egg-masses, eggs per egg-mass and number of juveniles (J2) in the soil as well as plant
growth characteristics. All nematicidal treatments reduced the incidence of root-knot nematodes when compared
with the untreated check. However, fenamiphos and oxamyl were pr...

J. Salma, K. Nasira, M. Saima and F. Shahina†

...l gene with accession numbers KY497017, KY979964 and KY979968, respectively.
...

I. K.A. Ibrahim1, Z.A. Handoo2† and A. B. A. Basyony1

M. Behdani1†, F.J. Afshar2, M.R. Mirzaee1

...rly 80% of the common barberry (Berberis vulgaris
L.) shrubs planted in Birjand (Ghattargaz region), South Khorasan province of Iran infected with root-knot
nematode. On the basis of perineal pattern the nematode was identified as Meloidogyne javanica and is the first
report on B. vulgaris in Iran.
...

K. A. Tabassum,† J. Salma and H. Sagir

...v>NCBI with accession number MF150033; S. cholashanense Pak.G.S.350 and Pak. G.S.355 with accession
numbers MF125282 and MF0339642, respectively; S. feltiae Pak. G.S. 354, 357, 358 deposited with accession
numbers MF150034, MF158314 and MF144570, respectively.
...

M. A. Radwan†, M. M. Abu-Elamayem, S. A. A. Farrag and N. S. Ahmed

...nd 2nd stage juvenile numbers in soil compared with
control. Except DNSA and AA, foliar application of tested organic acids was more effective in reducing nematode
galls than soil drench application. Foliar application of ASA caused superior effect in the reduction of J2 in soil (100
%) followed by AA (89.44 %), OA (88.25 %) and SA (70.69 %). CA (96.52 %) was tended to be the most effective
chemicals in reducing ...

D. A. Darban†, S. R. Gowen and B. Pembroke

...decrease in the total number of second
stage juveniles from 50 g of the soil samples from second crop than the first crop soil samples. Three weeks duration
allowed more endospores as compared to one week and two weeks treatment.
...
K. Nasira, S. Shamim and F. Shahina†
...nt sites. The highest number of
positive samples was found at Malir, Karachi (32.25%) and the lowest was at Khesana Mori, Tandojam (3.22%).
Free-living soil nematodes have more occurrences (55%) as compared to other group of nematodes. The occurrence
(%) of nematode species at each site also varied considerably and ranged between 0.86-4.47% at Malir, Karachi;
1.93-5.79% at Kalri Lake, Thatta; 1.15-5.98% at Karach...

A. M. Rahoo1,2,†, T. Mukhtar3, S. R. Gowen2, B. Pembroke2 and M. A. Rahu4

... A significantly high number of infective juveniles of S. feltiae emerged in moist
conditions as compared to dry. A positive correlation was found between the weight of the Galleria
larvae at infection and the numbers of IJ recovered in the moist as compared with dry conditions.
...
M. M. A. Youssef† and W. M. A. El-Nagdi
...e as indicated by the number of galls and egg-masses on roots of sugar beet increased gradually as
influenced by the time of gathering. Root-knot nematode started to lay egg-masses after the 18th day to the 24thday
till the end of experiment. On subsequent common dry bean, root-knot nematode significantly (p≤0.05) reduced on
that cultivar of dry bean as influenced by the tested treatments made...

K. A. Tabassum, F. Shahina†, K. Nasira and Y. I. Erum

...icules and
gubernaculum length, ratios a, b, c, c' and vulva percentage is given. The morphometric and allometric characters
with anterior and posterior regions were derived from the original descriptions. An identification key to 42 valid
species of both insectivora and dolichura group of the genus Oscheius is given.
...

A. M. Rahoo1,*, †, T. Mukhtar2, S. I. Abro3, S. R. Gowen1 and B. A. Bughio4

...t 5 and 10oC. Greater numbers of IJs of S. feltiae recovered from G. mellonella cadavers kept at 10oC
than from those kept at 5oC. Likewise, significantly greater number of infective juveniles emerged in moist
conditions as compared to dry. The relationship between both the temperatures and wet and dry conditions was
highly significant (P<0.001).
...

I. K. A. Ibrahim1, M. A. EL-Saedy2, S. F. A. Awd-Allah3 and Z. A. Handoo4,

...icant increase in the number of cysts of H. goldeni as compared to plants inoculated with M.
incognita concurrently or a week beforehand. When H. daverti or H. zeae were inoculated one week after
inoculation with M. incognita on rice cultivars Giza 178 or Sakha 101, respectively, the final population of these
cyst nematodes increased. Treatments with M. incognita alone or one week before inoculations with the tested
<...

M. T. Javeed†, A. S. Al-Hazmi and Y. Y. Molan

...ion, root galling and number of juveniles of M. javanica. The T. harzianum (isolate No.27) was the
most effective isolate.
...

A. Sattar1, †, A. Khan2, N. Khatoon1 and A. Mujahid3

... was carried out in December, 2014 to investigate the occurrence of helminth parasites in catfish
species belonging to family Ariidae (Blecker, 1862). Four species of catfishes namely Arius arius (Hamilton, 1822),
Arius caelatus (Valenciennes, 1840), Arius dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1840) and Arius sona (Hamilton, 1822) off
the Karachi coast were screened for the occurrence of helminth parasites. Fish were examined after wash...

M. M. A. Youssef1†, Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi1, and Mona G. Dawood2

...ontrol. Plant growth, number of nodules (produced by nitrogen fixing bacteria, Rhizobium) and yield followed the
same trend as the highest rate of sugar beet residues was used; there was the highest percentages increase of plant
growth, yield and number of nodules. It is clearly noticed that soluble carbohydrates, total carbohydrates, phenols
and soluble proteins in seeds increased at the ...

A. A. Galal1,2, S. F. Abou-Elwafa1,3, F. J. Kopisch-Obuch1 and C. Jung1

...
nematode numbers instead of 10 or 12 weeks after inoculation. Moreover, measuring the root fresh weight was
necessary to calculate the relative number of nematodes/g root mass. In conclusion, results led to a more efficient,
quicker and more accurate measurement of barley infections by Pratylenchus spp. which is important for selection
during early generations of cultivar deve...

I. Kepenekci1†, S. Toksöz2, T. Atay1 and I. Saruhan2

... the control of black timber bark beetle, Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford)
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) under laboratory conditions. The studies were conducted in June, 2017 at
the Ondokuz Mayıs University (Samsun, Turkey). The suspensions of nematodes were applied at one concentration
(1000 IJs ml-1) (200 IJs insect-1 or approximately 15 IJs cm-2) at 25°C temperatures. The data for mortality was
...

Fawzia, I. Moursy1, Amira, Sh.Soliman1, A. E.M. Khalil2,Samaa, M. Shawky2 and A. A. Taher2

...dogyne incognita on cucumber. Seasonal
fluctuation of the root-knot nematode M. incognita was studied on two cucumber cultivars (Madia and Slaprty)
during the period from March to November in seasons 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. Soil population increased
gradually on two cultivars during spring and throughout summer to reach peak in August began to decrease ...

K. Taimoor1† and F. Shahina2

...hium, Carum copticum, Berberis
balochistanica, Matricaria lasiocarpa, Ephedra procera, Centratherum anthelminticum, Zatoria multiflora,
Lallemantia royaleana, Mentha spicata, Withania coagulans, Achillea santolina, Ferula oopoda, Nepeta cateria,
Teucrium stocksianum and Fagonia cretica were screened for their efficacy test against Meloidogyne incognita both
in laboratory and pot experiments at doses of 0.5g/lit w...

S. Fatemy†1 and H. Ghasemi2

...ot diffusates and the numbers of hatched second stage juveniles (J2) were counted weekly over a 6-week period. Pots were planted with a single sprout of each cv. and the soil was inoculated with a suspension of 400 freshly hatched J2. There was a significant difference in the numbers of J2 that had entered the roots as well as a delay of 1-2 weeks in the rate of development of juveniles in the resistant compared to the susce...

A. S. A. Saad1, M. B. Al-Kadi1, A. A. A. Deeabes2 and A. M. El-Kholy2

...ot galls, egg-masses, number of J2 in soil, total eggs, final population and reproduction rate significantly. Meanwhile, the applied treatments exhibited enhancement in plant growth parameters and decreased the host infection by M. incognita over control. Among all the treatments Fosthiazate proved to be the best treatment while cattle manure was found as the least significant. The biochemical response of treated plants showed that infected plants with M. inco...

S. Riffat†, S. Kumar and A. Soomro

...eggs than normal. The numbers of eggs produced were 17.5±3.0, 11.2±5.3 and 8.6±4.3 for Poekilocerus pictus, Oxya velox and O. hylahyla, respectively, for infested insects, whereas, it was 43.3±5.2, 37.8±6.30 and 39.34±5.2 in uninfected grasshoppers. Beside this, it was also noticed that insect infected with Mermis spp. did not survive for long. Dissection examination showed that there was significant suppression of ooc...

Muhammad Nadeem1*, Aneeta Rehman1, Masooma Munir1*, Hira Fatima2, Faiqa Malik1, Aqsa Iqbal1 and Alaiha Asif3

...e, crude protein, fat, fiber, ash and NFE contents for treatments ranges from 5.45-7.27%, 4.02-5.25%, 1.77-2.81%, 1.48-2.97%, 1.28-1.93% and 82.69-83.09%, respectively. The microbial analysis of fruit bars showed that mean values of TPC changed gradually from 1.64 to 2.31 log10 CFU / g during 90 days of storage. The mean values for sensory assessment indicated that T1 was preferred over the other treatments in terms of overall acceptability, color, taste, flav...

Farwa Batool1*, Riaz ur Rehman1, Samia Ikram2 and Maham Zahara3

...(cm), leaf area (cm), number of leaves (cm), stem diameter (mm) and survival (%). The pH, EC, potassium (K), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and organic matter of different ratios of SGS were also observed prior to utilization. The maximum plant height of A. commutatum (46cm), D. deremensis (159cm), A. elatiors (66cm) was recorded in SGS of leaf compost + silt + sawdust + sand (2:1:1:1). While combination of peat moss + soil + silt + sand (2:2:1:1) SGS showed inc...

I. Jafri, A.A. Shahid, A. Ibrahim† and M. Atif

...div>height, egg-mass, number of juveniles and number of knots per root system. Outcomes revealed that
Controlled (C1) Meloidogyne sp., Bacillus sp., (T1), Meloidogyne sp., and Bacillus thuringiensis (T2)
remarkably suppressed nematode infestations because they act as growth inhabiting agents for juveniles;
reduce gall masses, diminish knot formation on root system, toghether with increasin...

A.S. Ardakani

...duced the
number of galls (433) significantly in comparison with inoculated control (only M. incognita J2/g soil). All
the treatments resulted in improved plant growth characters such as root length, shoot length, root fresh
weight and shoot fresh weight at P  0.05 significance level in comparison with the treatments only M.
incognita inoculum.
...

R.R. Arain, R.N. Syed, A.Q. Rajput, M.A. Khanzada1, N.A. Rajput and A.M. Lodhi1

...ita developed a large number of galls and suppressed the tomato
plant growth significantly. Three different concentrations of neem extract, furadan and Trichoderma harzianum
were evaluated to control the M. incognita. All concentrations proved effective in reducing the disease
development in nematode inoculated tomato plants. However, high dose of furadan became phytotoxic and plant
growth was checked together wi...

I. Uzma, K. Nasira, K. Firoza and F. Shahina†

...knobs, shape of head, number of head annules, shape of tail, number of tail annules, position of phasmid in relation
to anus, presence of male and female posterior genital branch is presented. These allometric and morphometric
characters were derived from the original descriptions. An up to date list of 230 valid nominal species from world
along with available illustrations and 32 species ...

W.M.A. El-Nagdi, M.M.A. Youssef† and M.F.M. Eissa

...lings as indicated by number of galls
and egg-masses on roots and juveniles in soil but they were rated as less affected by root-knot nematode depending
their plant growth vigor. It is concluded that younger date palm seedlings seem to require root tissue maturation
before expressing full resistance against root-knot nematode.
...

D.A. Darban†, S.R. Gowen, B. Pembroke, F. Hussain1 and R.A. Memon2

...ecreases in the total number of egg-masses per plant between the 3
weeks and other treatments. Infected females (%) over both crop cycles were compared by the estimated coefficients
of the fitted lines and increased significantly with degradation period and significantly higher in the second crop.
The 3 week duration apparently allowed more spores to disperse which was reflected in the observations of more
infect...

W.M.A. El-Nagdi and M.M.A. Youssef†

...sequences including cucumber, dry common bean, cowpea, maize and sesame plants
replacing sugar beet for controlling root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita resulted that sugar beet-Hybrid
maize and sugar beet-sesame cropping sequences proved most effective against root-knot nematode as they reduced
nematode parameters as indicated by the number of galls, egg-...

N. Hajra

...opical vines in the cucumber (Cucurbitaceae) family. Proline and other
biochemical parameters effect was evaluated on bottle gourd (Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem) in control,
mycorrhizal and other biotic and abiotic soil components treated plants. Higher proline concentrations
reflected in leaves of treated plants as compared with mycorrhizal treated plants. The decrease in shoot length,
num...

A.E. Ismail† and A.M. Kheir*

...aled that the average numbers in each stage greatly fluctuated. The density of juveniles or
cysts gradually increased with the favorable host (Giza 2 corn) to reach its peak at the crop maturity, while the
nematode population dropped sharply when the field became fallow. Likewise, the population densities of the
previous stages declined gradually even though in the presence of the non host crop (...

I. Kepenekci

...div>surveyed. A total number of 240 nematode species of plant parasitic nematodes belonging to 56 genera of
Tylenchida detected in Turkey. These nematode species found associated with 66 plants from 48 different
localities of the country.
...

M.A.M. El-Saedy, A.A. Mokbel*† and S.E. Hammad**

....0-92.7% reduction in numbers of root galls/root under laboratory conditions. Similarly,
application of these oils resulted in great reductions of 59.2-92.8% and 47.4-89.6% in numbers of root galls and
egg-masses/root when oils applied before and after transplanting of tomato seedlings, respectively. The highest
reduction (%) of galls, egg-masses and reproducti...

I. Kepenekci

...orhabditis (16). This number is going up in parallel to new
investigations. Five species of Steinernema and three Heterorhabditis species were identified in Turkey. There are
only a few literature supports about detrimental effects of Turkey origin EPNs on maleficent groups having
economical importance.
...

F. Shahina†, K.A. Tabassum and M.A. Habib*

...4 hrs before use. The number of bollworms on plants before and 24 hrs after
EPN spray @ 1000 and 2000 juveniles/ml water were assessed for mortality percentage. All four species of insects,
viz., Helicoverpa armigera, Earias insulana, E. vitella and Pectinophora gossypiella were found susceptible to
infective juveniles of the four EPN species; S. pakistanense was the most virulent EPN species. There is a dire need

O. A. Fabiyi

...ease in plant height, number of leaves,
number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant as compared with Carbofuran (p<0.05). In the laboratory,
chromatographic fractions from acetone extract had the highest percentage juvenile mortality. The infrared analysis
of the fractions revealed the presence of anhydride and carbonyl stretching frequencies at 3638, 1702, 1735 and

Farhana Binte Zalal, Prodip Kumar Sarkar*, Mahbuba Sultana, M H Kawsar, Swapon Kumar Fouzder 

...s on clutch size, the number of eggs per clutch, and the incubation success. After laying a clutch of eggs, the broody hen sits on the eggs and incubates them to get chicks. The study was carried out to know the natural incubation and broody hen management practices in the selected areas of Barishal district, Bangladesh. We randomly selected 150 farmers (50 broody hens/Upazila) practicing natural incubation from three Upazilas in the Barishal district. The re...

M.M.A. Youssef and A.M.S. Lashein†

...e results showed that number of R. reniformis in soil
and roots and Helicotylenchus sp., were reduced in soil one month after application at the harvest according to the
tested concentrations as compared with control significantly (p≤0.05). GABA achieved at the highest and moderate
concentrations the highest dates yield (%) increases (25.4 and 17.8%) as compared to ASA (16.2% and 12.9%),
respectively. The lowe...

A.A. Mokbel

...tion of 74.8-86.9% in number of nematode
root galls, egg-masses/root system and number of J2/250 cm3 soil compared with any single Pp isolate application.
Meanwhile, all treatments in 2nd season with both concentrations of all Pp isolates either alone or as a mixed isolates
resulted in 65.7-94.7% reduction in all nematode parameters. Treatments with high concentration of all Pp isolates

A.A. Anter, A.W. Amin†, A.H. Ashoub* and A.S. El-Nuby*

..., egg-masses and eggs numbers
followed by synchronized addition with inoculation. While, post-inoculation treatment was less effective.
Reiterative doses post-inoculation were improved the efficacy of single dose revealed that three doses
remained more effective than one or two. While, differences between two or three time doses wer e
insignificant. On the other hand, plant fitness was slightly impaired with thir...

W.M.A. El-Nagdi†, M.M.A. Youssef and M.G. Dawood*

...including
number of galls, egg-masses and hatched juveniles on roots of eggplant and number of juveniles in soil at harvest
stage compared to untreated plants significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Lower concentration of the tested materials caused
higher percentages reduction the mentioned nematode criteria. Vice versa, increase in length of shoots, dry and fresh
weights of shoots and r...

Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Khalida Unar2 and Roshan Jamali3

...es and traps, maximum number of flies cached during July (8285, 11693, respectively) at the peak mango season while minimum number of flies caches during month of September (959, 1100, respectively) during successive season of mango in 2014-2015. The mean value of Bactrocera species were found with figure of 207.1. Total fruit flies significant values (f = 41.36, p<0.05) with total mean...

Belema Robert1, Favour Welenya1, Deborah Achi1, Cynthia Onyeagwara1, Soala Obie Minimah2, Ebele Anulika Obichi2, Chidinma Charity Amuzie1* 

...Road, Mile 1, Mile 3, Timber, Rumuokoro, and Rumuokuta Markets) and farms (Rivers State University Agricultural Demonstration Farm, a farm at Nkpolu-Oroworukwo and another at Rumuolumeni) in Port Harcourt metropolis in November and December, 2021. Samples were taken biweekly and in two replicates. They were transported in clean waterproof bags to the Entomology and Parasitology Laboratory,...

Najam-ul-Sehar Afshan1*, Javeria Majeed1, Abdul Rehman Niazi1, Saima Khanum2, Maria Riaz1, Muhammad Fiaz2 and Shaila Anjum

...hra and Abbottabad of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and district Lahore of Punjab, Pakistan, during phytopathogenic surveys in 2015–2020. The causal fungus was observed and identified on the basis of morpho-anatomical and molecular analyses. This is the first report of powdery mildew infection caused by Erysiphe necator var. necator from Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan.

...

Ronny A.V. Tuturoong1*, Sony A. E. Moningkey1 and Nova L.I.M. Ogi2

...OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD), NH3 synthesis and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis were analyzed. The highest dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), NH3 concentration and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (ESPM) were found in T2 group (64.04%, 65.05%, 6...

Kalsoom1, Nasir Shah2, Muhammad Ibrahim3*, Tahira Bibi1, Kazim Ali4 and Zahir Shah2

...overall plant growth, number of shoots, number of nodes and leaves, root and shoot lengths (cm), fresh as well as dry root and shoot weights (g). In contrast, proline, Na+ and K+ (mg g-1 FW) contents increased, while total chlorophyll (mg g-1 FW) content in all the variants reduced in salt stress. Overall, maximum salt tolerance was exhibited by Sante 8 event at (50 mM) in in vitro condition, as compared to other potato vari...

Mutasim Billah1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood1, Abdul Rauf Bhatti2*, Ahmed Zia2, Shabir Ahmed1, Waqas Ahmad2, Kiran Shahjeer3, and Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4

Saima Mumtaz1,3*, M. Imran Kasana1, Riaz Alam1, Noorullah Khan1, Muhammad Noman1, Sanjeela Sabahat1 and Hussain Shah2

...air layering which is cumbersome because of low survival rate of layered plants, more requirement of mother stock and labor intensive method. To address these issues an alternative technique has been employed for quick multiplication of litchi. In the present study we have investigated the influence of various levels of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) on four Litchi cultivars (Gola, Surahi, China and Bedana) for root induction, its development and success rate of su...

Sri Setyaningrum*, Dini Julia Sari Siregar, Tengku Gilang Pradana  

...combination of gembili tubers with Lactobacillus plantarum (CGLp) on the performance, carcass, hematological parameters, and gut microflora of broiler chickens. The research used 144 one-day-old broiler chicks (44.33±1.09 g). The research was conducted with a completely randomized design. The treatments included of T0: diet + 0% CGLp (control), T1: diet + CGLp 1.0%, T2: diet + CGLp 1.5%, T3: diet + CGLp 2.0%, T4: diet + CGLp 2.5% and T5: diet + CGLp 3.0...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Wali Muhammad1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahamad1, Annum Sattar2, Hera Gull3, Sonia Sumreen4, Malik Waqar Yousaf5, Nazakat Nawaz6 and Nazim Hussain7

...o 50% flowering (DF), number of tillers per plant (NTPP), plant height (PH), spike length (SPL), number of spikes per plant (NSPP), days to maturity (DM) and seed yield per plant (SYPP) were recorded. Estimates of heritability values were high in SYPP and DF ranged from 0.998 to 0.930, respectively, like all characters except DFI noted as 0.658 whereas genetic advance ranged between 16.3069 in the parameters i.e., NTPP and 1...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Wali Muhammad1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahamad1, Annum Sattar2, Hera Gull3, Sonia Sumreen4, Malik Waqar Yousaf5, Nazakat Nawaz6 and Nazim Hussain7

...o 50% flowering (DF), number of tillers per plant (NTPP), plant height (PH), spike length (SPL), number of spikes per plant (NSPP), days to maturity (DM) and seed yield per plant (SYPP) were recorded. Estimates of heritability values were high in SYPP and DF ranged from 0.998 to 0.930, respectively, like all characters except DFI noted as 0.658 whereas genetic advance ranged between 16.3069 in the parameters i.e., NTPP and 1...

Hendro Prasetyo1*, Diah Karmiyati2, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Ahmad Fauzi2, Trias Agung Pakarti1,3, Mardiana Sri Susanti4, Waris Ali Khan5, Leila Neimane6,7 and Maizirwan Mel8,9

...owever, quite a large number of rice farmers continue to grow local rice variants. This study aims to identify, analyze, and describe farmers’ attitude and behavior. A survey was employed for quantitative data gathering and an interview was for the qualitative ones. A total of 52 respondents were of local rice farmers in Sidodadi and Banturejo villages of Ngantang district, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The result of correlation test showed good ...

Sutawi*, Ahmad Wahyudi, Abdul Malik, Suyatno, Asmah Hidayati, Imbang D. Rahayu, Endang S. Hartatie

...s since 1990. As of November 18, 2022, FMD is still spreading in 17 provinces in 146 regencies/cities with the the number of infected cows 578.060 heads, recovered 508.494 heads, conditionally cut 13.177 heads, died 10.269 heads, and vaccinated 5.847.113 heads. This article is carried out using literature study and secondary data exploration methods. There are three factors that can be attributed to the re-emergence of FMD o...
Rafik Soliman1, Neven Waheeb2, Essam Nasr2, Mahmoud El-Hariri1, Heidy Abo-Elyazeed1, Hassan Aboul-Ella1*
...lign: justify;">Bovine tuberculosis is a worldwide disease that causes great economic losses to the dairy industry and constitutes a serious human public health hazard. Development of a wide range of serodiagnostic assays for mycobacterium has been an area of interest through the past two decades as a rapid, accurate, and easy-to-be-used and interpreted diagnostic kit as well as to be a competitive alternative to the conventionally established expert-dependent...

Seema Perveen Memon*, Nasreen Memon, Mansoor Ali Shah, Reshma Sahito and Aiman Amur

...lected from January-December 2018. Gender and age wise distribution of malaria were observed during the study period. Monthly data of malarial patients were collected from Anti-malaria control program (AMCP) of different localities of district Sanghar. Total 26161 suspected cases of malaria were examined, 490 patients were found malaria positive. Among these positive cases, 477 patients were found Plasmodium vivax and 13 cases with Plasmodium falciparum. Gende...

Abdul Hadi Wasil1,2*, Jasmin Arif Shah1, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris1, Sardar M. Hashimi3 and Khal Mohammad Ahmadzai4

... that friends, family members and radio are the main sources of information. The major problems limiting almond production were pests and disease, limited access to certified almonds varieties, limited access to organic fertilizers, lack of market availability for almonds and limited access to extension services. This research provides indicators of organic and inorganic fertilizer use, as well as insights for policymakers to better consider the sustainable ap...

Tariq Mahmood1*, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Sami Ullah1, Bilal Ahmad3, Zarmina Aslam4, Naveed Ahmad Khan5, Muhammad Shahzaib Tariq6, Muhammad Ali Raza6, Rana Usama Iqbal7 and Samia Zain8

...od, recognizing and remembering the location of food sources, transporting and storing food, and interacting with other bees. The foraging activities of honey bee colonies connect them to their surroundings. As a result, several in- and out-of-colony factors impact this behavior. Foraging is advantageous not only to plants and insect colonies but also to humans. Honey bees helps preserve ecosystems as they offer pollination to many wild flowering plants. These...
Magda A. Eldomiaty1,2, Manal E. Elsawaf2, Soad S. Ali3, Heba El-Sayed Mostafa4,5*
...rmous increase in the number of both apoptotic and proliferative cells was seen with significantly higher mean number of the proliferative cells. By EM, the nuclei were shrunken, secretory vesicles were depleted, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum showed massive dilatation. These findings were partially restored in rats of group IV. This study concluded that voluntary exercise enhanced recovery from the injurious effect of...
Shaker Al-Suwaiegh
...rotein (32.83%), crude fiber (13.6%), ether extract (1.17%) and ash (3.89%). Upon feeding, replacement diet with 20.0% Azolla pinnata caused significant increase in feed efficiency and body weight gain. In addition, the plasma metabolites (total protein, globulin, and urea) and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium) were improved due to 20.0% Azolla pinnata feeding. In conclusion, Azolla pinnata contain high protein compounds and other compone...

Aiman Amur*, Nasreen Memon, Reshma Sahito and Seema Memon

...<0.5). The highest number of flies emergence were found from Beganpali (60.9%) followed by Sindhri variety (43.2%), while least No.of emergence found 6% from Sindhri variety (6%) during September. Ratio of fruit flies like B. dorsalis 54.7%, from Beganpali, followed by Sindhri variety 41.6% (F 53.24; dF 51, 108; p=0.29) during mean functional time of season. While less no. of B. dorsalis were 3% in Septem

Tilahun Bekele* and Abebaw H. Georgis

... varieties (Dirshaye, Darbera, Aden, and local), and four levels of seed rate (10kg, 15kg, 20kg, and 25kg per ha) set out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The findings of the statistical analysis exhibited that the majority of the response variables under consideration were significantly (P<0.01) influenced by seed rate, variety, and interaction of both factors except for days to maturity, plant height, and thousand seed wei...

Raad Hamad Mahmood Al-Badrany1* and Aamer Mohsen Mahmood Al-Ma’thidy2

...in of the leaf blade, number of lobes and colour of leaf bade), and fruit characteristics (length, diameter, size, ostiole diameter, peduncle length, fruit shape, and color). It was found that most of the leaf and fruit characteristics have taxonomic importance in distinguishing and diagnosing the cultivars of the studied cultivars. Regarding the spectral study, the spectrum of absorbance of the alcoholic extract of leaf chlorophyll and the extract of pigments...

Idrees Ahmad1, Muhammad Jamil2*, Hafiz Muhammad Zia Ullah1, Saira Saleem1, Syed Ahtisham Masood3, Umair Faheem4, Imran Akhtar5, Muhammad Abdullah6, Abdul Majid Khan5 and Naeem Iqbal7

... when sown on 30th September. Its cultivation on a commercial scale will enhance the share of local edible oil production and will strengthen the national economy.

...

S.H.M. Faruk Siddiki1*, Md. Golam Morshed2, Md Robiul Karim1, Lutfun Naher1, Md. Sodrul Islam3

...en January 2017 and December 2018. A total of 22,418 clinical cases of cattle were diagnosed using general, physical, clinical, and microscopic examinations, as well as other conventional laboratory procedures. The recorded clinical cases were classified into ten major diagnostic groups. Parasitic diseases (30.16%), infectious diseases (21.84%), general systemic states (20.12%), digestive disorders (18.55%), gyneco-obstetrical diseases (4.37%), and surgical ca...

A. Yu. Aliev1*, A.A., Aliev1, A.M. Musaev1, M.Z. Magomedov2 

...ed homogeneous, pale raspberry colored, with a dubious (+) - it contained traces of the formation of the color of raspberry jelly. To detect latent mastitis in sheep, we proposed the rapid test of the A1 test, which is an aqueous solution of sulfanol and cresol red. Unlike a 2% mastidine solution, it is more sensitive. We also recommend for the treatment of serous mastitis in lactating sheep, intramuscularly administer Dioxi...

Kamilla Gadzhimuradovna Alieva1, Patimat Mitkhatovna Daniyalova1, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova2*, Kerim Khasanovich Bolatchiev2, Ismail Anatolyevich Bittirov3 

...th an increase in the number of eggs per 1 liter of water from 7.2 ± 0.5 to 19.1 ± 1.2 ind. (on average 12.1 ± 0.8 specimens per liter of water). The number of water samples contaminated with eggs of nematodes of the genus Trichocephalus (Schrank, 1788) was high in densely populated areas. In natural water bodies of pastures in Kabardino-Balkaria, their number was 96.3...

Vetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova1, Boris Kazievich Laipanov1, Ismail Anatolyevich Bittirov2, Kerim Khasanovich Bolatchiev1, Kamilla Gadzhimuradovna Alieva4, Anatoly Murashevich Bittirov2,3* 

...nological errors, the number of animals per 1 ha of pastures has increased by 3-5 times, which has led to an increase in soil pollution by eggs of the genus Bunostomum (Raillet, 1902). Up to 100% of soil samples in animal drinking places, in the soils of grazing lands, gardens, residential sectors, and reverie of coastal areas of were contaminated with invasive material of from nematodes of the species Bunostomum trigonocephalum and Bunostomum phlebotomum, whi...
Hendrikus Fatem1,3, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Herry Sonjaya2
...study showed that the number of services per conception (±SD) at first pregnancy of Bali cows reared under palm oil field had significantly (p<0.01) lower than services per conception at second pregnancy (1.5±0.6 vs. 1.9±0.9) at the average of 1.45±0.58. After the first pregnancy, the average interval from calving to first AI, the interval from calving to conception, and the calving interval were 68.6±39.9 days, 90.6&plusm...
Fatma Salih Mohammed1*, Nasser Khedr1, Tahia Ahmed1, Liza S. Mohammed2
... crypt depth, and the number of goblet cells. Regarding return from the breast and thigh, D2 and D3 had a non-significant numerical increase over D1. In conclusion, adding EE-SBM to broiler diets can improve intestinal morphometry and does not negatively affect carcass characteristics.
 
Keywords | Broiler chicken, Carcass characteristics, Extruded-expelled soybean meal, Intestinal morphometry
...

Ahmad-ur-Rahman Saljoqi, Sadar Iqbal and Imtiaz Khan*

...ute Tarnab, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan during 2016.The treatments were arranged in RCBD with three replications and the chemical and botanical insecticides were used with ten days interval while theT. Chilonis (500 eggs/cards) were released with thirty days intervals. A single variety of brinjal (Neelam) was used in the experiment. Significantly low infestation of shoots (8.19%) and fruits (6.23%) were recorded in the plots treated with Voliam flexi...

Muhammad Adeel Qureshi1*, Raza Ahmad2, Bilal Ahmed1, Tanzim Ullah Khan1 and Muhammad Yasin3

...ion of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The experiment was carried out in complete randomized design (CRD). Leaves and internodes of potato cv. Desiree were used as explant for callus induction and plant regeneration. Two types of callus induction media (CIM) were used, i.e. CIM1 and CIM2 with concentrations of 2, 4-D 2mg/lit and 3 mg/lit respectively. Among the two different callus induction media (CIM), CIM1 with 2mg/lit auxin (2, 4-D) showed the best results....

Khasan Khamidovich Shakhbiev1*, Saidkhamzat Saidmagomedovich Abumuslimov1, Larisa. Vakhaevna Taramova1, Islam Khasanovich Shakhbiev1, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova2 

...emales - 15.0% of the number cases, which indicates of the dominant prevalence of echinococcosis complicated of by streptococcosis among young dogs. The effectiveness of the new bactericidal-anthelmintic composition azitroprazifen at a dose of 20 mg / kg body weight with ground beef of in echinococcosis young of dogs complicated by streptococcosis was high in our experience. In all 100% of the experimental dogs, on the 7th day after treatment, there was a comp...

Mishal Bano1, Amir Shakeel1, Waqar-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Nouman Khalid1*, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Muhammad Sajid Sharif3, Sadia Kanwal2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Amna Bibi2 and Ifrah Amjad1

...first fruiting nodes, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, number of seeds per boll, seed cotton yield/plant, lint index, lint percentage, seed index, seed density, seed volume, fiber fineness, fiber strength, and fiber length. For plant height, fibre strength, and seed density, Tarzon-05 stood out among the lines a...

Kainat Bibi1*, Sajjad Khan1, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani1, Fahad Karim Awan1 and Sajid Ali2 

... Shinkiari, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in 2019. Seven wheat cultivars (Atta Habib, Faisalabad, ASS, Punjab 2011, Lasani, NARC-11 and Pakistan-13) were sown using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Source of organic manure was compost, poultry manure and farm yard manure while for inorganic treatments commercial fertilizers urea and di-amonium phosphate fertilizers were applied at recommended doses. Data was recorded on...

Ayaz Ahmed1*, Muhammad Zulfiqar1 and Saadutullah Khan2

...lyzed the role of non-timber forest products in income enhancement of mountainous people of purposively selected two districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa namely Swat and Mansehra. From these districts six villages were selected purposively and from those villages sample size of 321 households was selected randomly. In the study areas majority (45%) of sample households had 5 to 10 family member...

Faustin Dokui1*, Frédéric M. Houndonougbo1, Service G. Djidda1, Venant P. Houndonougbo1, Edith Gangbedji1, Gwladys Menon Agbo2, Sedjro Ludolphe Dedome2, Séverin Babatoundé1, Soumanou Seibou Toleba1, Christophe A.A.M. Chrysostome1 

...milk yield, lactation number and body weight. They were divided into four groups of four animals and each group was randomly assigned to one type of dietary treatment. The experiment lasted 90 days. The cows were fed natural pasture, either supplemented or not supplemented with lick stones. Milking was performed twice a day. The cows were weighed weekly to evaluate the effect of supplementation and milking on their body weight. The intake from cows in the LS2 ...

Hussein Jabar Jasim1*, Amer Murhum Al-Amery2

...epatocytes with large numbers of inflammatory cell infiltration such as eosinophil, Kupffer cell and scattered lymphocytes in the area previously migrated by young flukes as well hepatocytes displayed a fatty change with dilated hepatic sinusoids. Furthermore, our findings show that the bile ducts have hyperplasia, which is associated with fibrous cholangitis and an abundance of inflammatory cells with accumulated bile pigment (hemosiderin) in the dilated bile...

S. A. Khanzada, M. Naeemullah, A. Munir†, S. Iftikhar and S. Masood

...sociated with highest number of mint varieties that is seven while Trichodorus was found attached with only one mint variety. The highest population recorded was of&n...

M. A. Radwan†, S. A. A. Farrag, M. M. Abu-Elamayem and N. S. Ahmed

...sp;on tomato based on numbers of galls and juveniles (J2) as well as on plant growth characteristics in a glasshouse. The rate of the formulated form of oxamyl, carbofuran or cadusaf...

A.E. Ismail and M. M. Mohamed

...s, galls and egg-mass numbers as compared to un-amended plants. All rates of Ch M treatment gave best results in protecting sugar beet plants and diminishing the nematode population densities in various stages. But, SM treatment with their rates ranked statistically in the second category. However, the three levels of CM treatment achieved the third category in managing the nematode. All treatments significantly improved infected sugar beet growth including yi...

W. Khan, N. U. Nisa, A. Khan and S. M. H. M. Naqvi

...ing January 2006 to December 2008 and examined from a total of 420 individuals including 238 and 182 under and above 15 years age, respectively from Urban and Rural area of Swat, Pakistan. The techniques used were wet mount (WMT), sedimentation and centrifugation. A number of 171 individuals were found infected with any single species of parasite, 81 cases were found infected with double species of parasites, 21 individuals ...

D. S. Srivastava, M. Sehgal†, A. Kumar, S. Verma, B. K. Dwivedi and S. P. Singh

Hidayat Ullah1, Sadia Tabassum1, Sultan Ayaz2, Shumaila Noreen1, Atta Ur Rehman1, Naveed Akhtar3, Muhsin Ali3, Zaib Ullah3* and Sajid Mahmood1,4

...ntries of study area. Number of tick specimens and infestation rate shows direct correlation with temperature but it shows fluctuation with humidity. Current study will be helpful in tick’s controlling strategies, goats and sheep breed selection and future research in this area.

...
Aadil Sultan, Mohsin Ahmad Khan*, Nadeem Ahmed, Muhammad Hassan, Rashid Bhatti, Hafsa Naeem, Muhammad Islam Khan, Saad Tahir,  Samia Afzal* and Ahmad Ali Shahid
...asing the vector copy number. However, increased number of expression vector poses some metabolic burdens on bacterial cells. The current study provides gene multimerization strategy as an alternate way to amplify the gene dosage and explores its effect on the expression of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) by constructing three types of expression vectors i.e., pET28-EGF-C1, pET28-EGF-C2 and pET28-EGF-C3, each containing...

Hasnain Raza1,2, Qun Liu1*, Muhammad Tariq Hanif2 and Yanan Han1

... were healthy, while Scomberomorus commerson and Parastromateus niger were overfished and Lutjanus argentimaculatus was strongly overfished. However, all the stocks were subjected to overfishing. Therefore, the parameters estimated from our study may be used as indicators for the sustainable management of the fisheries in the country.

...

Rana Aamir Shehzad1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Sabir Hussain Shah2, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Imran Shehzad1 and Usman Saleem4

...ke (13.33 cm), tiller numbers in a plant (7.16), weight of dry root (0.335 g), root length (11.68 cm), weight of 1000 grains (37.88 g) and wheat biomass (48.63 g) were recorded with T11 (T2 + all P from PROM). Thus, P application improved the wheat growth and yield traits significantly (T1) and T11 was found more effective for achieving the optimum output.

...

Van-Thanh Vo1, Thi-Hieu Tran1, Thi-Truc-Thao Nguyen1, Van-Tri Truong1, Cu-Thien Pham1, Thanh-Minh Pham2 and Huyen Nguyen Thi Thuong1*

...ells count; the total number of white blood cells and thrombocytes, erythrocyte size) at three stages: after 15 days of adding essential oils without infection; five days after infection; and ten days after infection. In this study, fish supplemented with peppermint essential oils stimulated the body to create immunity. However, concentrations of 0.125% and 0.25% showed higher results about this ability in the presence of bacteria while the concentration of 0....

Songruo Tao1, Cuiyi Liao1, Jinju Peng1, Yuexia Ding1,* and Yi Ma1,2,*

...sults showed that the number of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) types decreased with the increase of florfenicol concentration, and the percentage of OTUs number to bacteria were the lowest at 100 mg·kg-1 florfenicol concentration after 21d treating, which was 8.33%. The phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria were amplified by ERIC-PCR after 21d treating, the fingerprint type of ERIC-PCR decreased with the increase of dr...

Rahmat Ullah Khan1*, Karim Gabol1, Asif Sadam2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Hamidullah4 and Abdul Rahim1

...estlings. The average number of young fledged was 2.66±0.98 young, fledging success was 94.2%, and overall breeding success was 62.2%. Results suggest that agricultural trees, especially thorny plants, represent an attractive habitat for bulbul. Factors such as avian predation, nest destruction, heavy storm, nest failure, and the presence of potential predators are affecting the breeding success of red-vented bulbul in the area.

...

Alsaied Alnaimy Habeeb*, Amaal M. Kamal, Mostafa Abbas A. Atta, Ahmed K. Sharaf  

...ix, ensuring an equal number of litters at the beginning of the experiment. One of the two groups of animals received a random distribution of female rabbits. Ten does in group one acted as controls and remained with their kits in a group during free lactation (doe-litter together, DLT). In group two, ten does were isolated for 22 hours from their litter (doe-litter separated, DLS). The findings revealed that mothers in the DLS group had a higher (P<0.01) c...

Shabana Memon1*, Aamir Ali Abro1, Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro2, Aqsa Farid3, Maliha Habib4, Maqbool Ahmed5, Liaquat Ali Bhutto6, Saba Ambreen Memon7 and Muhammad Farooq8*

...higher decreases in a number of growth indices, such as shoot length (-11.3), root length (-72.6), and shoot fresh weight (-4.4), with an increase in PEG (-0.5 MPa) level. According to the results of the current study, all six wheat genotypes’ seed incubation shoot, root length, and shoot fresh weight drastically decreased under laboratory conditions due to osmotic stress. The genotype SDW-3 showed the greatest decrease under increased osmotic stress bro...

Nasratullah Baloch1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Hamida Narejo3, Muhammad Farooq Hassan4, Muhammad Hanif Chandio5, Faheem Saddar6, Dharti Shahnawaz Thebo7, Ghulam Abbas8 and Shahnaz Rashid8

...ied from January to December 2016. For month-wise analysis of zoo- and phytoplankton was performed by using net of 25 µm mesh size. For the qualitative and computable examination of planktons, the 50 liters of bay water was strained and residue fixed with 5% formalin in sampling bottles. The 99 genera of both the planktons were recorded, which included 52 zoo- and 47 for phytoplankton from the experimental area. Among the zooplankton, Copepods were found...

Ambrin Rajput1* and Mehrunisa Memon2

...plant height (70 cm), number of plant/ treatment (82), number of fruits bearing branches (23), number of pods plant-1 (88), 1000 grain weight (45.3 g), biomass yield (2478 kg ha-1), yield of grain (2986 kg ha-1), yield of straw (509 kg ha-1), protein (22%), leaves P (0.46 %) content, P uptake (11.49 kg ha-1) and P utilization efficiency (10.3 %) were noted by P application with N and K app...

Ali I. Al-Ameedi1, Zahraa M. Ayad2*, Wed Abbas Mohammed3, Salim K. Hajwal4

...er mitotic index (the number of cells in mitosis per 1000 bone marrow cells) than the control group (which only drank distilled water). These results showed a significant decrease (p>0.05) of the mitotic index of (the T1) group that received hydroxyurea orally compared with the control group that received distilled water alone. On the other hand; (T2 and T3) groups that received Ginkgo Biloba and omega 3 respectively, revealed a significant increase (P<0...

MUHAMMAD EJAZ*1, MUHAMMAD JAMIL YOUSAF5, ASMA MAQBOOL3, ALTAF HUSSAIN4 & ABDUL QAYYUM KHAN SULEHRIA2

...tes of the pond from October, 2011 to September, 2012. Altogether, 74 rotifers belonging to 24 genera and 13 families were identified. Highest (128.7±40 ind/ml) ppopulation density of rotifers was observed in June while lowest (64.9±22 ind/ml) population density was seen in January. Brachionus havanaensis was found to the the dominant species with the highest mean population density (40±11.9 ind/ml) whil...

Nguyen Thi Kim Dong1*, Nguyen Van Thu2 , Nguyen Hoang Qui3 

...ether extract (EE) and fiber fractions increased with increasing levels of SBP. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), and nitrogen-free extract (NFE), as well as nitrogen retention, decreased linearly with increasing SBP (P <0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility of the majority of individual amino acids was greater than their apparent ileal digestibility (P <0.05). Individual amino aci...
 
 MONIS HUSSAIN SHAH1*, RIAZ UR REHMAN2, RIAZ ALI SHAH1, RIZWAN RAFIQUE3, MUHAMMAD USMAN4, SAJIDA BIBI5 AND SADIA YASEEN
...eight: normal;"> Gerbera is an important cut flower that is famous for its attractive and wonderful colors. The gerbera is produced in all around the globe especially in South East Asian country of Japan and in Netherlands in Europe. The short vase life of gerbera is limiting factor in earning full profit from gerbera cut-flower sale. The standardiz...
 
 USMAN AHMAD*1, AMTUL JAMIL SAMI1, MADEEHA KARAMAT1, MADEEHA KHALID1, FAIZAN NAEEM2 & MUHAMMAD JAMIL YOUSAF
...ccharide, is a dietary fiber and widely utilized in gel forming. To study the structural aspects of these various polymeric webs were categorized with FTIR, SEM and release related experiments such as swelling kinetics, swelling ratio and drug kinetics and the impact of pH on the release of insulin from medicated hydrogels has been concentrated to evaluate the medication discharge instrument in-vitro and in-vivo. Fickian diffusion mechanisms have been read for...

Arief1, Roni Pazla2*, Rizqan1, Novirman Jamarun2 

...tibility of fat, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extracts (NFE), and the correlations between fat intake and milk fat contents, crude fat intake, and milk fat content and between NFE intake and milk lactose contents. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect on production, fat content, milk lactose, intake, and digestibility of fat, crude fiber, and NFE but there was a relationship between fat intake wit...
Jameel Ahmed1,2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Nadeem Rashid1, Asim Faraz3*, 
Majed Rafeeq1, Irfan Shehzad Sheikh1, Mudassar Jahan1,2, Abdul Fatih1,2
Masroor Ahmad Bajwa1, Ifrah Jameel1, Muhammad Ali1 and Saira Iftikhar4
... The average observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne) and Shannon’s Information Index were 2.07 ± 0.79, 1.86 ± 0.69 and 0.54 ± 0.29, respectively. Heterozygosity was described by the average, observed and expected heterozygosities whose values were found to be 0.56 ± 0.27, 0.44 ± 0.27 and 0.43 ± 0.26, respectively. Slightly higher magnitude of observed ...

Yuhua Chen1 and Song Lu2*

...alyzed by RT-PCR. The numbers of CD8 + T cells and CD4 + T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein expression of PD-1 and CD39 of the mice was analyzed by Western blot. The metabolic rate of CD8 + T was analyzed by fluorescent nutrient stain. Results showed that the mRNA of IL-10, IL-6 and 1L-1β in the electric stimulation group decreased compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). On the 15th and 25th day, the tumor volume of the mice...

Usman Ali1,2*, Basharat Ahmad1, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Muhammad Kabir3, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Liaqat Ali Khan1 and Muhammad Bashir Khan1

...wildlife species. Low numbers of black bear are found in the extreme north of Neelum valley, Lachrat, and Bagh study sites where habitat degradation is considerable. Habitat management practices including preventing illegal extraction of medicinal herbs and lumbering, lessen overgrazing pressure and support reforestation are required to be applied in these areas. These conservation measures will turn unsuitable habitats into...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Ziaul Islam2, Assar Ali Shah3 and Saad Ullah1

...higher(P<0.05)crude fiber, ash, cellulose, and hemicellulose content for diets containing soybean hull (SH) at 3, 6, and 9% compared to the basal diet. Egg weight and egg quality parameters during different phases were not affected among the treatment groups. Total revenue and profit during all phases (phases 1, 2, and 3) while cost-benefit ratio during phase-1 and 2 were recorded significantly higher for the control group than all other treatment groups.It...

Theresia Nur Indah Koni*, Tri Anggarini Yuniwati Foenay, Stormy Vertygo

... due to its high crude fiber content of 14-16%. One of the methods to reduce crude fiber is through anaerobic fermentation, which requires carbon from soluble carbohydrates such as palmyra sap and nitrogen from Non-Protein Nitrogen such as urea. This experiment aimed to evaluate the fermentation characteristics and nutrient content of rice bran fermented anaerobically for six days. This experiment used a Completely Randomize...

Hanaa M. Abdelkhalek1, Hanan E. Nagib1, Randa S. Elias1, Saad S. Mansour1, Walid S. Mousa2*

...from the period from October 2021 until March 2022. The acute mastitis sings were assessed according to cardinal signs of inflammation and milk abnormalities. Out of two hundred buffaloes, sixty (30%) were diagnosed as clinical mastitis according to inflammatory signs and the culture results reveled only 5 (8.3%) were P. aeruginosa. Most of P. aeruginosa exhibited resistance to most antimicrobials classes. Meanwhile, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ...

Omnia M. Khattab1, Morcos I. Yanni2, Hala K. Abdelmegeed2, Mahmoud Eliwa1, Naglaa M. Hagag1, Sara M. Elnomrosy1

...the GenBank accession number OP594200, OP574201, and OP574202, in addition to the high similarity of the isolates the vaccine strains of EU498680 and EU498681.No amino acid substitution was detected.
 
Keywords | Feline Pan-leucopenia, PCR, Sequencing, vaccination, screening, VP2and Egypt
...

Imran Khan1*, Shahid Amin2, Safiullah3, Shah Zeb Khan3, Abidullah3, Amjad Ali3, Saghir Imdad Hassan3 and Israr Ud Din3

...Tank southern part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of camel Trypanosomiasis and to find the comparative infection rate in different age and sex groups of camels. A total of 300 blood samples were used for diagnosis. After analyses, 5.67% (17/300) samples were found positive for Trypanosoma evansi using thick and thin blood smears techniques as per method described by (Adam et al. 1971). A higher infec...

Hussein Jabar Jasim1*, Amer Murhum Al-Amery2

...pare the effects of Zingiber officinale methanolic extracts on eggs of Fasciola spp. to both positive (Albendazole) and negative (chlorine-free water) control groups in vitro. Microscopic examination of the treated Fasciola spp. eggs with ginger methanolic extract revealed that the various concentrations of Z. officinale methanolic extract used in our study were highly sensitive to it and that their activities differed noticeably from those of the positive (al...

Khitam J. Yahya*, Mohammed T. S. Al-Zubaidi

...y carries out from September 2022 to January 2023 in Baghdad city, Iraq. Oocysts were isolated from naturally infected quails identified as Cryptosporidium meleagridis and used as a strain in experimental infection, about fifty birds were divided into five groups (G1: control negative group (con-), G2: control positive group (con+), G3: infected and treated with paromomycin, G4: infected and treated with curcumin and G5: uninfected and received curcumin). The ...

Imran Muhammad Siddique1, Naseem Sharif1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Mudassar Naseer1, Ammara Noreen3, Naseem Akhtar4 and Safeer ud Din5

...resence of large seed number in Kinnow is big issue for fresh consumption and as well as for processing industry in the international markets. Visualizing such compulsions of international markets, a systematic study was undertaken by Horticultural Research Station, Sahiwal with identification of five less seeded kinnow strains (1-6 seeds). Results depicted that less seeded kinnow strain, encoded LSKS-2, produced superior external and internal quality attribut...

Siti Azizah1*, Salsa I Latifah1, Irfan H Djunaidi1, Anif M Wati1, Achadiah Rachmawati1, Siti Hamidah2 

... is to involve family members, especially wives, in economic activities. We conduct this research as a prior study about women’s inclusion in forest-dependent communities that highlight women’s productivity and the contribution of women’s income to beef cattle farmers in Karangtekok, Baluran National Park, Situbondo, East Java. The scope of this research is limited to women registered as residents of Karangtekok and involved in the management...

Muhammad Ahsan Riaz1, Ayesha Riaz2, Muhammad Asif Mahmood3, Muhammad Uzair Mukhtar3*, Zaib Un Nisa1, Beenish Ijaz4 and Muhammad Shahid Rasool5

...soon (June through September) and retreating monsoon (October and November). The fourth instar larvae were collected from areas of district Lahore. The collected larvae were preserved in formalin and transported to the laboratory of the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Government College University Faisalabad for further analysis. The larval morphological measurem...

Ahmad Jupri1*, Yuliana Vofi2, Faturrahman2, Immy Suci Rohyani1, Ernawati1, Bulkaini3, Djoko Kisworo3, Wardatul Jannah4 

...ing the Most Probable Number (MPN) method and Escherichia coli (E. coli) identification using Kirby Bauer. The results of this study indicate that the coliform MPN test from the spring sample obtained the highest value in the paddy field, spring, and house sample of 4,050/100 ml and was classified as class E clean water. Moreover, it was very poor water; the lowest was in mountain storage water of 390/100 ml, which was classified as water clean class C bad c...

E. K. Allam1; Kh. A. El-Dougdoug1; M. A. Amer2; A. A. Abou-Zaid2; and S. M. Amin2

...stify;">Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) was detected in potato plants grown in Egypt using return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (R-PAGE) and molecular techniques. The method involved the extraction of circular nucleic acids followed by electrophoretic analysis of the extracts on 5% polyacrylamide gel. A reverse transcription-polymerase Chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used for the isolation and identification of PSTVd cDNA from infected plant materia...

Hendy Musbawandi1, Mohammad H. Tamzil2*, Budi Indarsih2 

...nt barn plot with the number of 10 chickens/m2 of the barn area. The results showed that feed consumption, body weight, weight gain and carcass weight of the broiler group reared in positive pressure was higher than that of the open house group and lower than that of the closed house group (P<0.01). The feed conversion of the broilers reared in positive pressure was lower than that of the open house and higher than that of the closed house (p<0.01). It i...

A. S. Gamal El din1; Sohair I. El-Afifi2; A. S. Sadik2; Nashwa M. A. Abd El Mohsen1; and H. M. Abdelmaksoud1

...uently observed on the tubers surface) were used as a virus source. Isolation and identification of the virus was performed through studying biological, serological, and molecular characters. Electron microscopy helped for illustration Of Morphology of virus particles as well as alteration in cell organelles. The virus systematically infects most Of Solanaceae plants. but become diverse to different hosts as it induced local lesions and top necrosis on Capsicu...

Muhammad Ismail1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2, Zarina Qasim3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*

...pplied showed highest number of infected fruits (3.06 to 4.59%) in both years. Moreover cost-benefit ratio was lowest for the combined treatment (T4) during both years i.e., 2.7:1 for 2015 and 3.08:1 for 2016 as compared to other treatments. Overall results of this field trial demonstrate the significance of integrated pest management strategies in reducing the fruit flies infestation and enhancing citrus fruit yield.  
 

Bismillah Khan1*, Muhammad Mehran Anjum1,2*, Maaz Ullah1, Izharullah1, Aftab Ahmad3 and Jawad Akbar1

...f sowing dates (1st November, 16th November and 1st December 2020) and wheat lines (MY409-4, MY1617, MY1416, MY291-4, MY1501, MY1419 and MY902) with one local wheat check (PS-15). Sowing dates were assigned to the main plot and wheat lines to the sub plot. Results indicated that local check PS-15 resulted in higher weeds density (79.6 plants m-2), (64.0 plants m-2) and (39.6 plants m-2) 30...

Galuh Chandra Agustina1*, Erwin Syahfitri1, Viski Fitri Hendrawan1, Siska Aditya1,2 

...des, an increased the number of Sertoli cells was significantly in line the supplementation of black cumin powder (P < 0.05), showing P3 had stronger effect than their counterpars. Furthermore, this study suggests that the administration of black cumin seed powder could decrease the expression of caspase-3 and increase the number of Sertoli cells in mouses subjected diazinon. 

...

Riaz Hussain2*, Adnan Ihsan1*, Waqar Khan1, Shiraz Malik1, Hamza Jameel1, Hidayat Ullah3, Shahab Ahmad4, Jawad Anwar5 and Murad Ali6

...loves (A. sativum), Chinaberry Fresh leaves (M. azedarach), Eucalpytus leaves against pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. The research experiment was design randomize complete block (RCBD) with three replications and two sprays were applied at 14 days interval. After 7 and 14 days of 1st and 2nd application the minimum means density of aphids were recorded in plot treated with Eucalpytus leaves (8.33, 4.66) and (5, 3) respectively and followed by Garlic fresh clove...

Behari Lal Meghwar1*, Attaullah Khan1, Imran Ali Lakhiar1, Asif Ali Mirani2, Muhammad Siddique Daper1 and Muhammad Waseem Kalroo

...nt intervals during November 2022, and each interval was replicated three times. In addition, the chilies samples were collected (uniform in color and size) from the farmer’s field and brought to the experimental site. The experiment selected chili variety was Longi, and the initial weight of the all collected samples was 2000 g. The selected samples’ initial moisture content was considered to be 80%. The test results showed that T1 and T2 methods ...

Xiaoying Liang1,2, Xiaofang Jiang3, Honglin Jia1, Ru Zhang1, Li Gao4* and Qing Yang5*

...tion development. The number of T cell subsets and the expression of cytokines were detected by a well-established model of experimental asthma. The number of T cell subsets was detected by flow cytometry, the protein expression was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the gene expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, in vitro experiments with Jurkat cells were used to verify...

Pengliang Xie1, Lufang Zheng2*, Mingxia Dong3, Huaiqiang Zhang1 and Fang Chen1

...n Eye Hospital from November 2018 to June 2020 were enrolled in the study, including 19 cases of localized macular edema, 12 cases of diffuse macular edema, and 14 cases of cystoid macular edema. Forty-five healthy people in physical examination were recruited as control. We found that the diseased group had higher proportion of hypertension (P<0.05) compared with the control group, and there was no difference in other general information (gender, age, BMI)...

Yisi Chen*, Jun Zhang and Fayin Li

...ased (P<0.05). The number of dorsal spinal cord neurons co-expressed with EPAC1 and c-fos was significantly decreased in the propofol group after surgery (P<0.05). To conclude, propofol could reduce postoperative pain response in animals and inhibit the glun2b-p38mapk /EPAC1 signaling pathway in the spinal cord.

...

Chun Shi, Juanjuan Guo, Meng Li, Qi Yang and Jingang Li*

...mophilus dauricus is a hibernation animal with a short awake time that interrupts the long hibernation period. When these events occurred, the long-term ischemic intestine in hibernation rapidly congested and entered the hibernation and ischemic state again. However, Spermophilus dauricus is not sick, and this might be a good model for gut ischemic reper...

Rafik Soliman1*, Rafik H. Sayed2, Hanan Mahmoud3, Heidy Abo El-Yazeed1, Marsell Saad1, Shaimaa Abdelall Elsaady2, Khalid Sh3 

...e (14.7% and 20%), Str. uberis (7.3% and 2.5%), K. pneumoniae (4.4% and 3.3%), Str. fecalis (4.4% and 0%), Str. pyogenes (2.9% and 0%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.5% and 3.3%). Among the recovered E. coli serotypes, the serotype O111:K58 (B4) was the most prevalent (38.2%). An inactivated polyvalent autogenous mastitis vaccine was prepared from the most encountered bacterial pathogens, namely, E. coli, S. aureus, Str. agalactiae and Str. dysgalactiae. The se...

Saad Zaghlou El-Damrawy1, Reda Ali Hassan2*, Ahmed Maher Bakhaty1, Adel M. Nasr2, El-Sayed A. Abu El-Hassan2  

...ent groups with equal numbers of birds each were created. In a randomized complete block design experiment, each group contained 100 birds in five repetitions and was assigned to one of the six feeding regimens. Experimental groups included: (1) Negative control (NC) with the basal diet, (2) NC + 600 mg/kg diet of silymarin, (3) NC + 400 mg/kg diet of choline, (4) Positive control (PC) containing 1 mg AFB1/kg diet, (5) PC + 600 mg/kg diet of silymarin and (6) ...
Zhao Fulin1,2, Liang Chen2, Tao Lin1, Jiang Yanting3, Ouyang Yina3, Hong Qionghua3* and Chu Mingxing1*
...ocus was under Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium in Jining grey goat (P< 0.05), and was under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Yunshang Black goat and Liaoning Cashmere goat (P> 0.05). FGFR1 gene g. 12120297A> G, EPB41L5 gene g. 64266710G> C, g. 64266715G> C were under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Yunshang Black goat, Jining Grey goat and Liaoning Cashmere goat (P> 0.05). Assoc...
Mansoor Ayoob1, Atta Hussain Shah1, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani2, Muhammad Faisal Ayoob2,3*, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1,5 and Abdul Sattar Baloch4
...idation and microbial numbers due to its antimicrobial and antioxidative attributes. Hence, it prolongs the shelf life of beef meat without having any adverse effects on its quality.

...

Maria Endo Mahata1*, Oriyanti Br Situngkir1, Yan Heryandi2, Takayuki Ohnuma3, Yose Rizal1 

...ides [L]R.Br) on crude fiber digestibility, nitrogen retention, and energy metabolism in broiler chicken. The study used 30 broiler male chickens with an average body weight of 1.5 kg at five weeks of age. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) of a 3x3 factorial pattern which was repeated three times. Factor A (type of pellet binder): A1 (brown seaweed), A2 (taro tuber), and A3 (ta...

Adel B. Salama and Reham M. Sabry*

...onthly and cumulative number of flower heads/plant, seed yield, fixed oil percentage and fatty acid analysis of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis). A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used to arrange the treatments in three replicates, (H): petal harvesting and (C): without petal harvesting (control). Petal harvested plants produced a significantly much more harvestable total flower yield of 297-350 per plant than control with 48-51 flower/plant. F...

Seharish Munawar and Nuzhat Afsar*

... of February 2019 to October 2021 in different intervals from the four selected sites along the Pakistan coast. Imposex was recorded only in the specimens of Gadani. The intensity of Imposex determination was based on the presence of and psudopenis and VDS (vas deferens sequence) in imposex female individuals. Imposex remained promising onlyat Gadani where imposex intensity was found 100% in females as when compared to other three sites. Whereas 1 to 4+ Vas de...

Tajul Islam Mamun, Jillur Rahman, Mahmudul Hasan, Md. Jamal Hossain, Md Wakil Mahmud and Kamruz Zaman

...ty Corporation. From October 2022 to December 2022, 479 cats were investigated at the Care and Cure Veterinary Clinic in Dhaka. The study showed that approximately 3% (15/479) of cats had feline infectious peritonitis base on clinical history, clinical examination, FIP antibody kit test, blood test and Rivalta’s test. The prevalence of young cats was 6.94%, sexually intact cats 5.29% and 20% of cats in poor health cond...

Rameez Raja Kaleri1,2*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri1, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi3, Raza Ali Mangi4, Muhammad Anees Memon5, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani6, Aimal Khan Kasi7, Mansoor Ahmed Gopang1, Abdul Wahid Solangi1, Sheva Dair1 and Mudasar Khosa1

...served Thoracic T and lumber L vertebrae variation by removing carcass from 3 randomly selected male animals of each breed. We have observed seven vertebrae variation in both sheep breeds from T-12 to T-14, L-5 to L-7 and T-11 to T-12, L-4 to L-6 in Balochi and Harnai breed, respectively. The thoracic and lumber vertebrae which possess more number in Balochi sheep as compared with Harnai b...

Luqman1*, Zahid Hussain2, Tamana Bakht3, Fazli Wahab1, Miftah-ud-Din1, Haroon Khan2, Imran Shinwari1, Ata Ullah1, Liaqat Khan1 and Sara Hidayat

...ighest values for the number of leaves plant-1 were in hand weeding (8.5 leaves) and lowest number plant-1 was in weedy check (5.7 leaves). The mulch treatments of R. crispus, E. helioscopia and wheat straw had an average of 7.0, 7.17, and 7.0 leaves plant-1, respectively. The highest biological yield (15364 kg ha-1) was recorded in the plots of hand weeding, while the lowest (11439) in the control. Mulch treatments of R. cr...

Kétomon Pierre Challaton1*, Coovi Guénolé Akouedegni1, Kadoéito Cyrille Boko2, Goué Géorcelin Alowanou1,3, Pascal Venant Houndonougbo4, Aboudou Habirou Kifouly1, Mawulé Sylvie Hounzangbé-Adoté1  

...station rates and the number of Eggs Per Gram of feces (EPG) or Oocysts Per Gram of feces (OPG) were higher in the wet season than in the dry season. During the wet season, infestations were severe for strongyles, Moniezia spp., coccidian, and moderate for Strongyloides spp. and light during the dry season except for coccidia, where they were intense. Infestation rates and egg excretion of gastrointestinal parasites were shaped by age, sex, breed, and study a...

Meng Wang, Dongliang Zhou, Huixia Li, Chunqin Wu,Yan Zhao and Houqiang Luo*

...found in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. T5SS may be the simplest secretion system available among all the secretion systems, and plays a vital role in the pathogenic mechanism of bacteria by participating in bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and contributing to the ability of nutrition acquisition a nd environme ntal adaptability. T5SS is a vital factor in the gradual reduction of antibiotic effectiveness, so the system has been the target of alternative ant...

Anwar ul Haq1, Maqsooda Parveen2, Shehzadi Saima3* and Khalid Masood Ahmad1*

... maximum root length, number of roots, dry and fresh weights of roots, number of sprouted buds, number of leaves, leaves fresh weight and dry leaves weight as compared to other treatments and control. This data suggested that NAA can be successfully used to increase root and shoot parameters in chrysanthemum propagated by means of tip cuttings.

...

Jihan Abd Wahab, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris* and Jasmin Arif Shah

...udy was driven by the Iceberg Model and distributed using a random sampling technique. A total of 362 extension agents from Peninsular Malaysia were participated in this research. Based on the result, all independent variables (PIME skills) indicated a positive correlation towards work performance. The monitoring and evaluating are the skills that significant towards work performance, and the evaluating skill became the highest independent variable that contri...

Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Kashif Afzal2, Muhammad Luqman1*, Tahir Munir Butt3, Muhammad Yaseen1 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1

...ed due to the maximum number of olive growers. The olive growers’ list with a minimum of 50 plants was collected from the Department of Agriculture (Extension). A total sample size of 310 farmers was selected through a purposive sampling procedure by using Morgan and Krejcie table as the total population (Olive growers in the targeted research areas) is 1500. Data were collected through a face to face interviews with the help of an interview schedule. Th...

Abid Hussain1*, Hassnain Shah1, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal2 and Tariq Sultan3

...pers, bell peppers, cucumber and bottle gourds, twenty Biozote technology sites for wheat crop, and six Pak Seeder technology sites for planting wheat. Use of micronutrients resulted in better fruit setting and productivity in citrus by 12.5 percent and 15.0 percent, respectively. Sample farmers reported that use of the technology resulted in premium prices of the produce by ten percent. Benefit cost ratio of micronutrients use for citrus orchards was 5.71. Us...

Natalia Shchur1,2*, Olha Chechet1, Tetiana Mazur2, Oleksandr Martyniuk2, Olga Gorbatiuk1, Halyna Buchkovska1, Iryna Musiets1, Diana Ordynska1, Olena Finkova3, Larisa Moskalenko3, Tetiana Ponomaryova-Gerasimyuk3, Maksym Lusta3, Vitalii Nedosekov2 

... is 1.6% of the total number of the researched samples. The most common phenotypes of antimicrobial resistance of the selected isolates were: Cip / Tet / Ery - 14 isolates from poultry, which accounted for 42.42%.  Tet / Ery - 4 isolates from poultry (12.12%), Cip / Tet - 1 isolate from poultry (3.03%), Cip / Ery - 1 isolate from pigs (3.03%). The presence multidrug resistant (MDR) Campylobacter isolates obtained from broilers indicates dangerous unc...

Khitam J. Yahya*, Mohammed T. S. Al-Zubaidi 

...aq from January to September, and they were then tested for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. using molecular methods (PCR), followed by DNA sequencing. The overall infection rate was 37% (37/100) of the samples were Cryptosporidium-positive by using PCR. Three of five quails whose 18S gene was amplified by nested PCR and sequenced were found to belong to C. meleagridis in the sequence of this gene deposit on the website of the National Center for Biotechno...

Ngoc Tan Nguyen1*, Tan Loi Le1, Thi Kim Ngan Vo1, Chi Hieu Do1, Tuan Thanh Hoang2, Nguyen Khang Duong3, Quang Minh Luu4

...ly), the total of egg number up to 38 weeks of age was higher (P<0.05) in the group of ducks with CC/PstI genotype compared to CT/PstI or TT/PstI genotype (99.3 vs 93.1 or 91.7 eggs). The average egg weight did not significant difference among genotypes (72.3, 72.2 and 70.6g; P>0.05). From these results, the polymorphic site at PRL/PstI was identified, ducks bearing CC genotype possess earlier age at first egg and egg yield up to 38 wks of age and consid...

Munasik*, Titin Widiyastuti, Caribu Hadi Prayitno

..., crude protein, crude fiber, NFE, calcium and phosphor, and anti-nutritional phytic acid. The results showed that the fermentation process using red oncom mushrooms enriched with Na-glutamate improved the nutritional level of the cassava-tofu dreg mixture. Although the NFE content decreased, the crude fiber content increased, and the amounts of calcium, phosphorus, and protein significantly increased (P < 0.05). Furtherm...

Mahpara Fida Ahmed1, Abdul Hanan2* and Sher Ahmed2

...ht (25.32 cm), higher number of leaves/plant (7.26) and higher number of daughter corms (6.33). However, the saffron stigma fresh and dry weight produced by large corms was recorded as 0.0354 and 0.0075g, respectively. Further results indicated no significant differences among the parameters recorded for the row to row and plant to plant spacing experiment except for total flower production where the highest production (162....

Imran Ahmad

...ly selected fruits (strawberry, banana, and apple) and vegetables (beetroot and carrot) at three different levels (3%, 5%, 7% w/w). A Texture Analyzer determined hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness. The difference among the treatments was analyzed using standard deviation and ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05). To evaluate the various samples, a focus group of twelve panelists on the same day of preparation using a 9-point hedonic scale for seven a...

Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Adnan3, Sami Ullah3 and Nawab Khan4

... workers (EFS) in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan.Data were collected through a validated and pre-tested structured questionnaire from 300 randomly selected farmers of five districts of KP (namely Karak, Swabi, Mardan, Upper Dir and Charsadda), and all public extension field Staff (field assistants (FAs) and Agriculture Officers (AOs) working in the above areas constituted the sample respondents.Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for...

Abdul Hassan1*, Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Ghulam Sadiq2 and Asif Nawaz3

...hera and Charsadda of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan using principal component analysis approach and regression analysis. The data were collected randomly from 130 sampled vegetable growers comprised of 65 respondents each from Nowshera and Charsadda districts through pre-tested interview schedule during financial year 2020-21. Principal Component Analysis was used for determining the risk and coping strategies of the farmers. Moreover, Ordinary Least Square reg...

Indira Jurinskaya1*, Tynyshtyk Kenzhebaeva2, Kairat Iskakov3, Bekzat Niyazbekov1 

... thickness of the down fiber was 0.3 and 0.5 microns thinner in experimental animals, and, as a result, had a higher comfort factor.
 

...

Endang Baliarti1*, Muh Auliya Rozzaq2, Adi Tiya Warman2, Sigit Bintara3, Tri Satya Mastuti Widi1, Diah Tri Widayati3, Bayu Andri Atmoko4, Tristianto Nugroho1 

...tle were predicted as members of its origin. However, Simbal cattle are classified as Simbal (62.50%) and Limbal (33.30%) while Limbal are classified as Limbal (66.70%) and Simbal (29.60%). The set of body morphometric and reproductive performance variables on Bali Cross have a high canonical correlation. It is concluded that Simbal and Limbal have a high similarity in body morphometrics and a high correlation to reproductive performances. 

...

Javeria Khourshid*, Ghulam Abbas, Shahnaz Rashid, Asma Fatima* and Abdul Malik

...oticus and Acanthopagrus berda) were used for this study and kept in two different treatment tanks with their replicates (n=10 each) designated as T1= OxyAqua and T2= simple aeration. Juveniles were fed on supplementary pelleted diet thrice daily at 2% of their total body weight. Results showed that WG and SGR were significantly higher in T1, in which we applied Oxy Aqua organic® product without aeration than T2, whereas no significant difference (p>0.0...

Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Imtiaz Khan1*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Javed Khan2, Shahid Sattar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan and  Muhammad Salim

...g prey densities, the number of aphids consumed linearly increase and then become static after attain the asymptote level at certain densities were 25, 35 and 70 aphids per first, second and third instar larvae. The life table’s immature stage survival and female fecundity rate revealed that the stage of eggs had the greatest death rate, at 12%, followed by pre pupal stage. The lowest mortality was observed in 2nd instar stage. Sx was determined to be ma...

Bahlouli Fayçal1*, Chourghal Nacira2, Salamani Amel3, Benaini Mohammed4, Maamri Khelifa2, Kachaou Cherifa5, Djaballah Melak5, Atek Younes6 and Aissat Fares6

...dicate that the large number of stomata in the leaves of the Azeradj variety (1.22 stomata/1mm²), Limli variety has the highest value of the chlorophyll rate with 99.23%, Azeradj and Frontoio varieties are the earliest (February 25), Chemlal and Limli varieties are the latest (March 16),all the varieties studied are self-fertile. The six varieties tested present differences for the different physiological, phenological and agronomic characteristics, but t...

Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Monday Eneojo Akor1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Zainab Penninah Ochada1, Ugbane Eleojo Okolo2, Benjamin Mudi Idache3, Andrew Isiramen4, Julius Akor Omatola5 and Moses Adaji David6

...n: justify;">Worldwide tuberculosis (TB) prevalence increased as a result of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic. Nevertheless, the widespread use of efficient antiretrovirals has lately prompted the tendency to reverse. This study was carried out to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis using GeneXpert in HIV seropositive patients attending Kogi State Specialist Hospital, Lokoja. The study was done using 325 confirm...

Aamir Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Summer, Ali Haidar Gormani, Saira Nawaz and Ayesha Muzamil

...ng different parts of mulberry plants. Mulberry leaves possess different physiological and biological potentials. Inflammation is the most common factor involved in various chronic diseases. This research study was conducted to evaluate anti-inflammatory and analgesic potentials of hot water extracts of mulberry leaves (mulberry tea) of two species i.e.,...

Tasew Getu1*, Wassu Mohammed2, Awol Seid3, Tesfamariam Mekete4 and Bekele Kassa

...0) per root system and tuber, and RS final colonies (2.6 × 105) with same treatment. The presence of VC greatly increased tuber yield, and Guassa and Bubu produced the highest marketable tuber yield of 47 and 48 t/ha, respectively under this treatment. All cultivars that were grown with drip irrigation amended with VC fell into the resistant category towards MI and RS disease complex...
Muhammad Zahid Rashid1, Amina1*, Hafiz Wasif Javaad2, Muhammad Asim Rashid3 and Amina Rashid3
.../survival percentage, number of fronds, number of seeds survived, plant height, leaf area, suckers evolved and other parameters were noted for better yield and quality of date palm for purpose of chance seedlings development. This research experiment was arranged at Progeny orchard of Horticultural Research Institute, Faisalabad during the year 2019-2021.The research was designed according to Randomized Completely Block Desi...

Imtiaz Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad1, Ahmad ur Rahman Saljoqi1, Shah Alam Khan1, Javed Khan3 and Muhammad Azim Khan2

...t Dera Ismail Khan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Plot size 36×16 m (length × width) was selected in both localities for the cultivation of sugarcane varieties (CP77/400, Jhang 59, 2086, US-633, YT-55, CPF-252, CPF-246, CPF-251, CPF-247, CPF-250, CPF-248, and CPF-249) in Feb 2020. Each variety was planted in sub-plot size 3×2 meters having 3 rows and 5plants/row in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The data was recorded...

Abdulaziz A. Alaqil

... distributed in equal numbers in 40 battery cages (10 birds per cage). Every ten cages were placed in a room to arrange four experimental room groups identified as C, EC, PR, and PR+EC groups, respectively. From 22-42 d of age, the C and EC groups have received a basal diet with no PR supplements, whereas the PR and PR+EC groups have received PR at 1 g/kg of the basal diet. On day 36 of age, the EC and PR+EC groups were injected with 0.5 mL intraperitoneal (i....

Fakhra Nazir1*, Sahar Fazal1 and Fakhar-i-Abbas2

...ned the Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). The COI gene sequence data of 8 species of family Corvidae were retrieved from GenBank (NCBI) database and phylogenetic relationship was established in these 13 barcodes. K2-parameter distances were calculated on MEGA7 software with overall average distance of 0.141 calculated at 1000 bootstrap repetitions. Phylogenetic tree reconstructed by neighbour joining method discriminated all species into two distinct clades initia...

Md Tariqul Islam1,5 *, Aditya Chowdhury Avi1,5, Md Saiful Bari2,5, Most Rebeka Sultana Swapna Khandoker3, Homaira Pervin Heema4, Goutam Buddha Das1 

...’s feasible to deliberate that the findings of this study will have a practicable impact in countries that are deficient in maize production but have surplus potato production.  

...
Umara Amir ud Din1, Waqas Ahmed Khan1*, Khurrum Shahzad1,2, Basharat Ali3, Misbah Hussain1,4 and Fazli Rabbi Awan4
...enzyme (ACE) is a key member of RAAS pathway and target for anti-hypertensive drugs. ACE (I/D) polymorphism studies for its association with kidney function and risks of DN have been reported in different populations but with varying results. Hence, the objective of current study was to study the association of ACE (I/D) polymorphism with risk of DN in Pakistani subjects. For this study, 702 subjects were recruited who were divided into three groups; healthy c...

Achmad Firman1*, Sondi Kuswaryan1, Lilis Nurlina1, Muhamad Hasan Hadiana1, Marina Sulistyati1, Unang Yunasaf1, Dwi Cipto Budinuryanto2, Iman Trisman3

... aspects, such as the number of frozen semen distribution, the number of cow acceptors, the number of cow pregnancies, the service per conception rate, the number of calf’s birth, and the economic impact. Data collected by Directorate General of Livestock and Health (DGLH) was for five years. The Key Performance Indicators utilized to analyze the p...

Khalil1*, Dwi Ananta1, Andri Bachtiar2, Hermon3

...action, proximate, and fiber fraction content were determined. The nutritive values of stored rice straws were evaluated by feeding four male Indonesian-indigenous Pesisir cattle in a 4x4 Latin Square design. There were four experimental diets: basal diet + fresh rice straw (FRS), basal diet + stacking-supplemented rice straw (SSRS), basal diet +rolling-supplemented rice straw (RSRS), and basal diet + wrapping-supplemented rice straw (WSRS). The diets were fed...

Ruobing Han, Shanshan Gui, Xunwu Zhao and Heping Li*

...cted, and the average number of alleles at each locus was 6.7. There was high genetic diversity but severe inbreeding in the white-red deer population, and there is no father-mother-offspring relationship or father-offspring relationship in white-red deer population. Our study provides the essential data support and reference for the conservation and sustainable development of the domestic white-red deer population in China.

...

Ying Liu1,2, Ji-Yong Fang2, Na Zheng3 and Hai-Long Wu1*

...chmackeri sp. nov., a member of ascaridoids, exhibiting characteristics of Ascaridoidea sensu Chabaud (1965) identified through microscopy. This new species was collected from the small intestine of the Chinese frog species Odorrana schmackeri Boettger, 1892, acquired from four regions of Anhui Province, southeastern China. To our knowledge, one species of the Seuratascaris genus, namely Seuratascaris numidica (Seurat, 1917) Sprent 1985, has so far been record...

Yufang Liu1,2, Guiling Cao3, Yujing Xie3 and Mingxing Chu1*

...cular mechanism of the puberty effects on the reproduction of goats, goats at different growth stages from two breeds (Jining Grey (JG) goats and Liaoning Cashmere (LC) goats) were divided into three groups with three replicates (juvenile stage (JG 30d vs. LC 30d, AO group), puberty (JG 90d vs. LC 180d, BO group) and the same age control of puberty (JG 90d vs. LC 90d, EO group). Ovary tiss...

Abdul Zahir1*, Asad Ullah1, Muhammad Jawad1 and Syed Attaullah Shah2

... and District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). This study revealed that majority of the respondents did not attend formal school, cultivated 5–12.5 acres arable land (small farmers), and had moderate monthly family incomes (PRS 21000–50000). However, the respondents had the least information regarding revision of water distribution schedule, mutation of irrigation water, and share of irrigation water during stressful times, which decreased their sa...

Ahmad Noor and Malik Muhammad Shafi*

...ne in district Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The key objectives were comparing the community perception regarding groundwater recharge and discharge over the last decade and investigating the climate change impact on groundwater table. A total of 285 households with groundwater pumping facilities were selected for study within six villages; Kiridhand, Jangerizi Banda, Yaghi Musakan, Hassan Banda, Takht Nasrati and Garang. Data were collected through que...

Monis Hussain Shah1*, Riaz Ur Rehman2, Riaz Ali Shah1, Farwa Batool3, Rizwan Rafique4, Muhammad Usman5, Sajida Bibi6, Sadia Yasin7 and Samida Qamar8

...all size of bulbs and number of bulbs harvested. The bulbs were harvested and stored at 5±2oC (In Refrigerator). The morphological attributes of plants were observed better in cv. Antarctica and Oxford. The research was repeated during the subsequent years. The variable response was observed in various varieties of tulip in Rawalpindi climate. The cv. Antarctica and Oxford were observed as best performer wise all the attributes. The same varieties are r...

Skenndri Safae1*, Charrat Nadia2, Jmiai Mehdi3, Nassik Saadia1 

...ed the existence of a number of bacterial entities. Most of them were foodborne pathogens, in fact, all the groups displayed close levels of infection by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, and Staphylococcus spp; And Yersinia enterocolitica was also detected on one of the farms. Broiler performance can be affected to varying degrees by biosecurity levels on farms. Higher biosecurity levels can prevent early onset of gut inflammation, whil...

Dina A. Yousif, Mohamed M.T. Emara, Marwa R.S. Abdallah*  

...iperitae folium and Zingiber officinale crude water extracts might be utilized to increase the sensory acceptability of old mutton, particularly the flavor. Three groups of mutton flesh were used in the study; one group had a plain marinade, while the other two groups received 5% fresh water extracts of either Mentha piperita folium or Zingiber officinale added to the plain marinade. All samples were marinated for 24 h at 4 ...

Antonius Agung Wiono1, Maria Elizabeth Nana Wijayanti1, Dhika Yonika Primacitra1, Trioso Purnawarman2, Andriyanto3, Aulia Andi Mustika3, Amaq Fadholly3* 

...ss then releasing the number of free radicals, which can damage cells and disturb the hormonal system directly affect livestock productivity. This research expected the effect of PhytoceeTM on mitigating the risk induced by heat stress and its productivity of broiler chicken.Materials and Methods:Broiler chicken were divided to six groups (normal control, negative control, heat stress treated vitamin C 200 g/ton and 400 g/ton, heat stress treated PhytoceeTM 2...

You-Ming Teng, Wen-Zhou Liu and Li Yang*

...further estimated. We members determined FFA and Ang II levels. HE and Masson staining were estimated histopathological changes. The protein and mRNA expression of PPAR-α, CPT-1 as well as PDK-4 were measured by western blot and qRT-PCR. The results showed that pioglitazone could reduced SBP, DBP, MCD, SA, HMI, LVMI as well as myocardial fibrosis and FFA and Ang II levels in serum. Moreover, pioglitazone inhibited the expression of HIF-1α protein a...

Ying Guan1,2, Puqing Song2, Xing Miao2, Hai Li2, Rui Wang2, Liangming Wang3, Yuan Li2* and Longshan Lin2*

...y data collected in November 2009 (autumn), February 2010 (winter), May 2010 (spring), and August 2010 (summer), the seasonal variation in the trophic structure of the fish community in Dongshan Bay and adjacent waters was investigated. A total of 114 species of fish were caught in surveys throughout the year. According to their feeding habits, the fish species in the surveyed area were classified into six functional groups, including planktivores (FG1), plank...

Aneela Ahmed Tagar1*, Mahvish J. Channa2, Kanwal Ahmed Tagar3 and Kaka Kainat4

...MHS Jamshoro. A total number of 65 post-COVID-19 patients were selected for the study with negative RT PCR tests. A questionnaire was filled after taking consent of patients whereas blood samples were collected to detect the biomarkers (Ferritin, D-dimer, C- reactive protein, LDH, CBC and troponin). The study reveals the following findings as majority of patients were in age group 37-47 years, male and were married. Moreover, the majority belonged to the medic...

Isatay Tusupovich Jakupov, Gulzhan Tursunovna Yeszhanova, Gulnur Kurbanalievna Mamytbekova* 

...lusmn; 0.5 days), the number of cured animals was 80%. The use of intrauterine suppositories with 20% content of C. leucocladum did not provide a high therapeutic effect (53.3%). The cows of the experimental groups showed positive dynamics in the content of metabolic components in the blood. The compared drug «Biometrosanit» caused the recovery of 73.3% of control animals. Medicinal forms of C. leucocladum were obtained by drying, grinding, extract...

Abdullah*, Imtiaz Khan, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim and Muhammad Fawad

...e southern regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, during the Rabi season 2022. Five chickpea growing regions were selected in chickpea growing area of district Karak. The quadrate method was used to determine the relative weed density. The data were recorded on density (%), relative density (%), frequency (%), relative frequency (%) and importance value of weed species. The present findings revealed that Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav., Carthamus oxycantha M. Bi...

Abdur Rauf1*, Muhammad Jawad1, Farooq Jan1, Muhammad Qayash2, Muhammad Yasin4, Samrin Gul5, Wisal Khan3, Ikramullah Khan1, Farkhanda Bibi1, Wajid Khan6, Tanweer Kumar6, Muhammad Arif6 and Khilwat Afridi7

...ng time is from 15th October to 15th November.

...

Shujaullah Khan1, Zahid Hussain1*, Haroon Khan1 and Omer Suha Uslu2

...ght of wheat crop and number of grains spike-1 were non-significantly affected by the applied treatments. However, the tallest plants and the highest number of grains spike-1 were observed in hand weeding. The highest thousand-grain-weight, biological yield and grain yield were recorded in the hand weeding treatments. However, the results of hand weeding treatments were statistically at par with the treatments of artificial ...

Nguyen Thi Anh Thu1*, Ly Thi Thu Lan1, Nguyen Thuy Linh1, Chau Cong Dang1, Nguyen Hoang Phuc1, Tran Dinh Tuan1, Nguyen Trong Ngu2 

...ortality rate and the number of bacteria in the internal organs of chicks were dramatically decreased in BC+S group compared to S group in both treatments. Moreover, supplementing BC tended to improve the weight gain of chicks.  

...

Qi Zhuo, Yuanchun Yao, Meisongzhu Yang* and Jinhua Chen and Miao Tian

...h trangelin gene, the number of migrated cells decreased significantly lower than in CON and DGT groups (p<0.05). Cells invasion results showed that after cells were  transfected with tranglin gene, the number of invasion cells decreased significantly lower than that in CON and DGT groups (p<0.05). RT-PCR results showed that the transgelin gene in both CON and TGT groups was significantly increased, much higher th...

Beenish Shahid1* and Muhammad Ijaz Khan2

...0.0001), as a greater number of the oocytes progressed to the metaphase II stage, and a lower proportion of the oocytes became degenerated (P<0.0001) after 24 h of incubation. The supplementation of medium with E2+rhFSH+hCG or E2+rhFSH+hCG+insulin also showed a significant increase in the meiotic maturation rate after 24 h (P<0.01 and P=0.04 respectively) and a significant decrease in the degeneration of the oocytes (P=0.001). The addition of insulin was...

Shazia Rasheed1,*, Ehsan Ullah Mengal1, Robina Manzoor2 and Azra Bano1

...2 mm SCW. The minimum number of eggs estimated in the female P. segnis was 86,392 while maximum number of eggs was found to be 1,555,820 in a crab of 138 mm SCW. The average fecundity was 523,773 ± 279,204. The GSI values of male crab ranged from 0.70 to 6.20 having a mean of 3.80 ± 1.08 (Mean ± SD). In case of female, GSI values of samples ranged from 0.71 to 13.33% having a mean of 5.46 ± 3.25 (...

Fuji Astuty Auza1*, Sri Purwanti2, Jasmal A. Syamsu2, Asmuddin Natsir2, Rusli Badaruddin1, Deki Zulkarnain1, La Ode Muh. Munadi1 

...y of crude protein and fiber. Based on these results, BSF larvae flour was recommended as an alternative protein source to replace fish meal in the diet of village chicken. 

...

Rizki Palupi*, Arfan Abrar, Fitri Nova Liya Lubis, Yuni Kurniati, Bianca Ikriza Octa Nadia Putri 

...a (Manihot esculenta) tuber and indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana) leaves meal in rations on nutrient digestibility, hematological status and malondialdehyde levels in broiler chicken blood. The study was conducted experimentally with a completely randomized design, which consisted of 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment was the use of a combination of cassava tuber and indigofera leaves meal (70%+30%; CCI) in...

Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2*, Mahreen ul Hassan3, Saiqa Andleeb1

... literacy rate, large number of young population and prosperity in the region, awareness about genetic disorders is not sufficient.
 
Novelty Statement | This manuscript presents the first knowledge assessment study on β-thalassemia in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Our research contributes to the understanding of β-thalassemia in this region and highlights areas where educational intervent...

Salman Ahmad1*, Muhammad Asim1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2, Muhammad Atiq3, Yasir Ali4, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad5, Malik Abdul Rehman6 and Naeem Akhtar7

...l and 11th to 18th September, during 2017 and 2018. While, there was less ACP population between February 10th to 2nd March and 10th July to 30th July, during 2017 and 2018, respectively. There was significant and positive correlation between ACP population and CG on kinnow, musambi and feutrell’s early cultivars. Maximum and minimum temperatures and rainfall also showed positive and significant correlation with CG, while relative humidity showed not sig...

Sarfraz Ahmad1, Mian Anjum Murtaza1,* and Kashif Akram1,2

...ella becomes hard and rubbery with reduced meltability and stretchability. The research was designed to explore the prospects of selected hydrocolloids to enhance the quality and functionality of low fat Mozzarella cheese from buffalo milk. Two hydrocolloids i.e. inulin (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) and resistant starch (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) were added in Mozzarella cheese making from low fat milk (2% fat). The positive (4% milk fat) and negative (2% milk fat) control samp...

Abiyu Tadele 1,2*, Gebreyohannes Berhane2, Wondmeneh Esatu3

...egg, body weight, egg number per bird, hen-housed egg output, and egg mass. Furthermore, Tetra H had a 29.8% higher body weight at the first egg and a 20.72% higher body weight at the first egg than the normal-feathered and naked-neck genotypes, respectively. For the assessment of egg quality traits, 240 fresh eggs from the three genotypes were sampled. The findings revealed that, except for yolk breadth and color, the Tetra H genotype had considerably better ...

Atef M. El-Sagheer1*, Aline F. Barros2, El-Sayed M. Abd El-Aal3, Mohamed M. Gad4, Doaa S. Mahmoud4 and Amr M. El-Marzoky3

...n usual, with a lower number of phenolic and lignified cells. The obtained results can form the basis for understanding of the nature of nematode parasitism and be used as a basis for the establishment of field experiments that allow the creation of sustainable management strategies to suppress nematodes in infested fields.

...

Ahmed El-Sayed Ismail 

...aled that the average number in each stage greatly fluctuated. The density of juveniles or cysts gradually increased with the favorable host (Giza 2 corn) to reach its peak at the crop maturity, while the nematode population dropped sharply when the field became fallow. Likewise, the population densities of the previous stages declined gradually, even in the presence of the non-host crop (Egyptian clover CV. Meskawii).

...

Sumbul Zulfiqar and A.G. Rizwana*

...ua tilling. There are number of complications in fishes that arose due to presences of Philometra sp. Presence of these parasites directly affect fish reproduction and ultimately decline their populace. This research work was done to collect, observe and identify variety of nematodes (Philometrids) from female reproductive organs of marine edible fish Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch, 1793). Fishes were collected from Karachi coast, Kemari, further processed in para...

Yuliaty*, Brigida A. Correia, LigiaT. Correia, Joao Americo, Mateus Da Cruz De Carvalho, Joana da C. Freitas 

...tarting from June to October 2022. The study was designed with a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial with 2 factors: Factor A was FOF consisting of 0 (A0), 6000(A1), 7000(A2), 9000(A3) kg/ha. The second factor was distance planting consisting of B1 (50x25), B2 (60x25), B3 (70x25), B4 (80x25) cm; there was 3 replications. The observed variables were: total leaves, height plant, biomass and seed production of sorghum. The results showed that the highes...

Farooq Jan1*, Abdur Rauf1, Ikramullah Khan1, Muhammad Yasin2, Muhammad Qayash3, Hazrat Wali1, Muhammad Luqman1, Fayaz Asad4 and Muhammad Khalid5

...ason in the month of October, December, January are recorded. These high concentrations are mainly due to Broussonetia papyrifera tree. Meteorological parameters affect pollen concentration in the atmosphere by two ways its production and dispersion. Different meteorological parameters like seasons, mean temperature, rain fall, and wind speed are correlated with total pollen count (TPC) using SPSS 16.0 and MS Excel to draw a...

Muhammad Adeel Farooq1, Shaukat Ali1*, Ali Hassan1, Rida Sulayman1, Muhammad Ahsan Kaleem2, Hafsa Shahzad1, Muhammad Summer1, Arooj Latif1, Tahreem Tanveer1

...els, rice husk, and cucumber peels. The mutant strains of Bacillus subtilis (BSAA-5 to BSAA-40) and Bacillus licheniformis (BLAA-5 to BLAA-40) were prepared by exposure to UV radiation for 5 to 40 min to synthesize α-amylase via submerged fermentation. Then the crude α-amylase synthesized by these mutant strains was optimized and partially characterized. In contrast to wild and all other mutant strain BSAA-25 and BLAA-25 strains showed the optimum ...

Selvaraj Thanga Malathi¹, Venkatraman Anuradha1*, Mohamed Yacoob Syed Ali2, Muhameed Sajjad Sarwar3, Nagarajan Yogananth2

.... Heavy metal (chromium, beryllium etc.,) or trace metal (lithium, titanium etc.,) pollution alters the thyroid hormone secretion not only in human beings; but also affects the aquatic species such as fish. Low or nil secretion of thyroid hormone will leads to metabolic stress that in turn breakdown the basic metabolic processes that eventually ends in disturbing the marine ecosystem. The current research work deals with observed alteration in the thyroid meta...

Zia Gul1, Muhammad Sajid1, Muhammad Noman Khan1*, Faheem ul Haq1, Zohra Nawaz1, Muhammad Bakhtiar2, Sajid Siddique1, Komal Aslam3 and Muhammad Irshad1

...d the highest leaves (number) (9.9) plant-1, plant height (34.5 cm), leaf length (36.8cm), leaf area (173.5 cm2), leaf breadth (4.0 cm), leaf thickness (3.1 cm) leaf weight (181.3 g), number of suckers (5.5) plant-1, amount of gel (149.3 g) leaf-1, and survival percentage (80.8) was recorded when plants were irrigated at 15 days interval. While regarding organic manures, the maximum number...

Akbar Hayat1*, Muhammad Asim1*, Tehseen Ashraf2, Ehsan-Ul-Haque1, Rabia Zulifqar2, Maryam Nasir3, Ahmed Raza1, Fahim Khadija1, Sohaib Afzal1 and Shafqat Ali1

...ight, stem thickness, number of branches, number of leaves, fresh plant weight, dry plant weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight, root length, root diameter, leaf area and chlorophyll contents. The results from this study indicated that in term of stem thickness(2.98mm), more no. of leaves (15), root fresh weight (1.39g), root length (25.5 cm), No. of branches (4) root diameter (4.47 mm) and maximum chlorophyll contents ...

Karamat Shah1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Zaib Ullah2*, Rashid Ali Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1, Naveed Akhtar2 and Muhammad Naeem Awan3

...ducted from June to November, 2018, at Saiful Mulook National Park Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this purpose, 22 villages were selected in and around the park where the population of the wildlife was high. For the study purpose, questionnaire based survey and interview were conducted. In the study area, 300 questionaire were distributed through which the opinion of the respondent was taken by asking 13 different questio...

Muhammad Ashfaq ur Rahman1*, Saleem Khan1, Aurang Zeb2, Zia ud Din1 and Zafar Iqbal3

...da TB Center, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The study comprised 100 newly diagnosed TB patients who had tested positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Participants underwent TB therapy in accordance with the WHO recommendations. The variables measured included weight, height, BMI, body fat, albumin and sputum test. Subjects with BMI status below normal, normal, and above normal were represented by 23.0%, 58%, and 19%, respectively. Albumin lev...

Jie Wang1, Di Fang1, Jianqing Zhao1, Fei Huang2, Bo Liu2, Weikun Tao2, Baoshan Cui2 and Qinghua Gao1,2,3*

...the ratio of sequence numbers to multiple sites of the genome was 2.99-4.89. The DEG was identified by using the fold change ≥2 and FDR <0.01 as cut-off values. There were 525 differentially expressed genes. GO and KEGG analysis showed that “cell part”, “organelle”, and organelle part” were significantly enriched in cell composition categories. As for molecular functional categories, DEGs were significantly enriched in cellu...

Muhammad Ali1*, Rukhsana Perveen2, Khalil Ahmed3, Ghulam Raza1, Muhammad Akbar1, Maisoor Ahmed Nafees3 and Muhammad Ayub4

...ing date palm, mango, mulberry and other important fruit trees in this region. This study also investigates the predatory role both adults and 4th instar larvae of this coccinellid predator in the biological control of I. aegyptiaca comparatively in the laboratory and under field conditions. The 4th instar larvae were found to be more voracious than adults.

...

Qi Liu1,2, Weiyuan Li2,3, Qi Zhang2,3, Ziwei Wang2,3, Rui Gao1,2, Wenlei Liu1,2, Lei Zhang1,2, Ying Liu1,2, Tao Tian2,3 and Hongwei Yan2,3*

... a significant Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium across all stocks. The inbreeding coefficient (Fis) was positive (0.121–0.131) for all stocks. A loss of genetic diversity was detected in the 2019 stock and significant differences were observed for number of different alleles, number of effective alleles, allelic richness and unbiased expected heterozygosity in the 2019 stock (P < 0.0...

Yingying Ye1, Chengrui Yan1, Kaida Xu2, Jiji Li1, Jing Miao1, Zhenming Lü1 and Baoying Guo1*

...ons with highest mean number of alleles and mean effective alleles estimated in population Ningde and lowest in Qingdao. Heterozygosity at species level was high and Fst ranged between 0.105 and 0.271, overall, without signs of inbreeding except for Qingdao population, with Fst = 0.271. The studied populations did not show a clear genetic structure with an average differentiation estimated between populations of 0.014. Knowledge obtained from this study has im...

Kinza Javed1, Muhammad Ali1, Waqas Farooq2, Majeeda Rasheed1*, Farkhanda Yasmin3, Samiya Rehman3, Sadaf ul Hira1 and Jawad Ali3

... one.  There are number of factors upon which the spreading of LSDV depends including, environment, humidity, temperature and regions where vectors of its dispersal are more. This disease is spreading at its high at the end of summer season when there is more humidity in air and autumn. Its control is done by vaccination and quarantine of infected animal to prevent its contact with the healthy animals.

...

Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi1,4, Hafandi Ahmad1, Norhariani Mohd Nor1, Goh Yong Meng1, Mohd Zamri Saad2, Md Zuki Abu Bakar1, Norafizah Abdul Rahman5,6, Agung Irawan7,9, Anuraga Jayanegara8,9, Hasliza Abu Hassim1,3,9*

 

...teins but low in crude fiber compared to diets B and A. Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and their molars proportion, gas production, total fatty acids, total bacteria count, and total protozoa count increased in parallel with the concentrate levels in Diets B and C (P < 0.05) in both breeds. The result also revealed that Murrah cross and Swamp buffaloes showed comparable rumen fermentation patterns when treated with the same dietary treatments, but Swamp ...

Luthfiralda Sjahfirdi1*, Zulfi Atsiil Suandhy1, Tatang Mitra Setia2 

... and 06:30 pm from September to November 2019 using continuous focal animal and all-occurrence sampling methods. Nest-building skills were assessed using the Likert scale. Moni (male orangutan) was always observed to nest using used nests. Meanwhile, Terra (female orangutan) was frequently observed building new nests, although she was caught sleeping on the forest floor several times. During observations, it was found that t...

Abdul Hadi, Muhammad Rais*, Ifrah Muddassir, Abdullah Tasib, Maria Zafar and Sumbul Gill

.... The bird abundance (number of individuals and encounter rate) was significantly different among the studied habitats. The encounter rate is provided as an index of monitoring and bioassesmnet of the National Park. The bioassessment of the National Park, based on the studied biometrics using avifauna as an indicator of biotic integrity, revealed excellent biotic integrity.

...
Tariq Ahmad1*, Anum Razzaq2*, Li Bo1, Faiz ur Rehman3, Gul Saba2, Omama Saqib1, Saif Ullah2 and Muhammad Suliman1
...uary 2018 to end of November 2020. During current studies it was found that the problem mainly arises due to civets foraging habits, who damages and feed human cultivated fruits, stored wheat grains and attacks on their domestic poultry. The results demonstrated that the ability of civets to change their diet in response to availability of food resources, as it found the consumption of Vitis vinifera in bulk in the month of July and August whereas Diospyros lo...
Maria Azam1, Tahir Mahmood Qureshi1, Saddam Hussain2, Amjad Islam Aqib3*, Shanza Rauf Khan4, Kashif Akram1, Misbah Ijaz5, Maheen Murtaza6, Afshan Muneer6 and Sammina Mahmood7

Yao Xixi1, Zhou Rui2* and Ma Yinshan3

...n (P<0.05) of crude fiber and crude ash with CLA content in milk of grazing yak was recorded, while no significant correlation (P>0.05) of PUFAs and tvfa with CLA content was observed. This study is helpful to improve the grazing management of alpine grassland and the production performance of yaks (milk yield and milk quality).

...

Ni Putu Sarini1*, I Gde Suranjaya1, I Gusti Agung Arta Putra1, I Wayan Suarna1, Lindawati Doloksaribu1, I Ketut Puja2, I Ketut Gde Natakesuma3, I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Rai Mulyawan4 

...ali Province which have aberrant color patterns. Blood samples were taken from the 10 Bali cattle consisting of three having normal coat color patterns, three albino, two injin, and two poleng. The blood samples were extracted using a commercial kit and the MC1R gene was then amplified by using a forward primer 5’ AGT TGA GCA GGA CCC TGA GA 3’, and a reverse primer 5’ CCA GTC ACC ACA GAG CGT TA 3’. The PCR products were further seque...

Adnan Ihsan1*, Najeeb Ullah1, Riaz Hussain2, Jawad Sarwar1, Kamran Sohail1 and Waqar Khan1

... from District Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during 2019. The genus Leptophion and the species L. maculipennis are described for the first time from Pakistan. Morphological description and digital images of the identified species and genus are given.

...

Bushra Ainy Dars1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo1, Muhammad Hanif Chandio2, Hamida Narejo3, Majida Parveen Narejo4, Faheem Saddar5, Ghulam Dastagir6, Ghulam Abbas7 and Shahnaz Rashid7

...d from March–September 2021 by using 200 individuals (110 males and 90 females).These specimens of experimental fish ranged from 14.4 to 37.0 cm in length and from 44.7 to 985 g in weight and were obtained from the stock marinated in the cemented ponds of the University of Sindh, Jamshoro. At 5cm intervals, samples of fish were separated into groups. Fish body dimensions, including fish head length, fin measurements and the diameter of fish eyes and mout...

Ertika Fitri Lisnanti1,4, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari2*, Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah3, Mohammad Anam Al Arif2, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi4,5 

...rs measured were: the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, types of leukocytes and blood glucose levels in broilers. The addition of different of Marsh fleabane leaves water extract in the feed had a significant effect on the levels of Hb, leukocytes and erythrocytes were within the normal range while all blood glucose was in a normal state apart from P4 (decrease), possibly due to ...

Asim Zubair1*, Anam Farid Chishtti2, Zohaib Atta Mehdie3, Aamna Arshad3, Ghulam Akbar Malik4 and Iffat Batool5

...ich is divided into a number of subsectors including livestock, agricultural production, forestry, and fisheries. Livestock production contributes more to agriculture overall than any other sub-sector. The production of livestock accounts for 58.55% of agricultural output and 11.61% of the nation’s GDP. Although the agricultural sector’s share has decreased by 0.19% over the past few years, the livestock industry is booming, growing at a rate of 3....
Tehreem Fatima1, Jabbar Khan1,*, Hamid Shafiq2, Dost Muhammad3, Muhammad Rafi1 and Shoaib ur Rehman1
... months of June to September, it was hypothesized that heat stress conditions do induce the overexpression of HSPs, especially Hsp70. It was thus attempted to find out the possible role of Hsp70 in those human being having the age of 90 years or above, called longevity people, against heat stress conditions. Whole blood samples of 45 longevity individuals and 20 samples of control people were collected in D. I. Khan during September

Umana Niazi, Muhammad Mushtaq*, Mehwish Kanwal and Momina Raheem

...ut is attributed to a number of factors, like, rainfall uncertainties, low yielding varieties, diseases, insect and rodent pests etc. (Okello et al., 2010; Parshad, 1999).

...

Amthal Ahmed Fouad1, Basem Mohamed Ahmed2, Momtaz Abdelhady Shahein1, Hussein Aly Hussein2* 

...Bank under the access number OL314495. Conclusion: The study provides analysis for the 5EG-QH19 wild-type RABV genome, elucidates some key structural features of the AF4 lineage dominant in Egypt and supports the recently proposed division of AF4 lineage into two sub-lineages (AF4a and AF4b). Divergence from SAD B19 vaccine strain sequence was also reported but the exact effect of the observed genetic changes in an infectious RABV particle dictates in-vivo stu...

Elihasridas, Mardiati Zain*, Roni Pazla, Simel Sowmen, Qurrata Aini 

...ein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, and hemicelluloses in the ammoniated aromatic lemongrass waste samples was evaluated by incubating them on in-vitro media at 39ºC/48 h. The analysis of variance following a 5 x 4 randomized block design was used. The results revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the digestibility of ammoniated aromatic lemongrass waste in the rumen. The degradation...

Jaisy Aghniarahim Putritamara1*, MB Hariyono1, Budi Hartono1, Hery Toiba2, Hamidah Nayati Utami3, Moh. Shadiqur Rahman2, Tina Sri Purwanti1

...termined based on the number of workers, assets, and turnover as stipulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 of 2008 concerning MSMEs. The second criterion is having been in business for at least ten years. The findings show that IC mediates CKM in achieving CA. There are also positive impacts of CKM on IC, IC on CA, and CKM on CA. The results indicate that young firms have higher IC, empowering them to obtain CA. This study confirms that CKM, IC...

Wizna1, Rusfidra2, Robi Amizar3, Romi Andika1, Muhammad Haikal1, Zurmiati1*

..., crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, calcium, and phosphorus were measured. The dose of B. amyloliquefaciens and fermentation time significantly effect (p<0.05) the total colony count of Bacillus sp. in the fermented product, but there was no interaction. The dose of B. amyloliquefaciens had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the water content, dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, and calcium. In addition, the dose of B. amyloliquefaciens and fermenta...

Khalid M. Al-Syaad1,2

...nt capacity (TAC) and number of spermatozoa compared with control group. The histological examination of the kidney revealed alterations induced by CC, including atrophy, tubular necrosis, enlargement of the glomeruli, dilatation and congestion of the glomerular capillaries (G) and the blood vessels around the renal tubules, atrophy in some renal glomeruli, hemorrhage, and around edema interstitial the blood vessels. It is concluded that utilizing propolis wit...

Rida Ahmad1,2*, Zulfiqar Ali2*, Farkhanda Manzoor1, Usman Ahmad3, Safdar Sidra4, Irfan Zainab2, Muhammad Furqan2, Aliza Batool1,2 and Zaidi Zona2

... selected habitats of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Gilgit Baltistan (GB). Data were collected from May 2017 to October 2017 using point count technique. Thirty points were selected from each habitat. A total of 175 species and 24,933 individuals belonging to 16 orders and 55 families were recorded. Human settlements had the highest species richness (106) while Dry Temperate habitat had the highest value of species diversity (...

Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan and Abdul Rauf Shakoori*

...underlying cause of a number of neurodegenerative disorders. While the current understanding of its molecular mechanisms is continually increasing, the identification and consequently the roles of transcription factors (TFs) in the respective molecular events under neuroinflammatory conditions in distinct brain regions is still lacking. To address the said gap in knowledge, first we have identified the TFs specific to IL-1β a key player in mediating infla...

Ramanathan Baluchamy* and Gnanamani Radhakrishnan

...during the month of November 2016. Similarly, an ideal C/N ratio (20.05) was observed in site I which favours the plant growth, in turn increases the quantity of leaf litter which supports the life of millipedes. Millipedes play an essential role in enhancing the fertility of soil and ecosystem functioning in this tropical dry deciduous forest of Alagar hill (Eastern Ghats), South India. In forest ecosystem, conservation of millipede is an essential step to im...

J. Ma1, F.B. Zhang1,2, J. Li1, Z.Y. Lv1, C. Zhang1, L. Mao1 and Y. Zeng1*

...ed seasonally from September 2015 to August 2016. The feeding habits of S. dabryi were studied by microscopic examination, analysis of similarity, and the Amundsen graphical method. A total of 26 food categories were identified, among which algae and organic detritus were the dominant food source for S. dabryi. Animal prey contributed relatively low proportions to the food of S. dabryi. Seasonal variations of food composition of S. dabryi were significant (P&l...

Gang Liu*, Na Xu, Zhizhong Gong and Jiahui Feng

...entella, Paurocotylis, Tuber, Podospora and Mortierella were the core fungal genera among the geese from both lakes. Nine potentially pathogenic species were identified across all samples, and the relative abundances of potential pathogens were significantly higher in the Shengjin Lake samples than in the Caizi Lake samples. These findings suggest that the gut fungi were highly sensitive to the diets of the geese at both lakes. Potential pathogenic species of ...

Kiran Afshan1*, Sobia Baseer1, Shanza Kiran1, Ghulam Narjis2 and Sabika Firasat1

...ed local hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Sera of 425 suspected women were screened by latex agglutination test (LAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the IgG and IgM antibodies level. Univariate analysis and odds ratios were calculated to determine the strength of association. The overall T. gondii infection was 60% with LAT, 52% IgG, and 56.26% with IgM ELISA. The seroprevalence was 7.2%-15% among the five...

Irtaza Hussain1, Muti ur Rehman Khan1*, Asim Aslam1, Masood Rabbani2 and Ahsan Anjum1

...ion was found from September to December in both goats and sheep; having a significant association in goats (χ2=39.2) (P<0.0001). Likewise, the purchase of new animals and mixing up with the existing animals without quarantine measures cause contagious ecthyma to prevail in the vicinity. Moreover, contagious ecthyma antibodies were detected by ELISA kits up to 50th day post-infection in the current study. This is the ...

Deny Anjelus Iyai1*, Ambo Ako2, Sitti Nurani Siradjuddin2, Budiman Nohong2 

...pecies richness). The number of plant families identified was 751 families spread over 4 districts, with 890 species of grass, legume and non-grass/non-legume plants. There were 11 families found in total in the observation plots in each district, namely Compositae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Cyperaceae, Moraceae, Lamiaceae, Melastomataceae, Acantaceae, Peperomiaceae and Verbenaceae. Dominant plant species are in the range of 0.01-0.03, abundance is in the ...

Sherein H. Mohamed1, Soad El Naggar2*, Ayman A. Hassan3, Mohamed A.M. Mousa3, Mohamed M. Basyony3, Mohamed F. Sadek3, Mohamed A. A. Ahmed4, Saadia M. Hashem5 

...f crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, nitrogen balance, acetic acid and propionic acid, the aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria (Lactobacillus spp.) in all treatment groups.  Concurrently, they showed increase (P<0.05) in total protein, albumin, and globulin, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione per...

Mohammed Naji Odhah1,2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1*, Bura Thlama Paul3,4, Bashiru Garba5, Zaid Mahmood1, Eric Lim Teik Chung6, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila7  

...>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants and is of considerable economic importance in many countries worldwide. The control of the disease in animals depends on the control of the disease in infected animals. Nevertheless, few countries where the disease was previously endemic have successfully eradicated the pathogen. This investigation was undertaken to determine the antibody titre (IgM and IgG) ...

Sajid Ali1, Ghulam Abbas1, Shahnaz Rashid1, Asma Fatima1*, Abdul Malik1, Dilawer Ali1, Muneer Hussain Bijoro1, Ushra Batool Hashmi1, Rumaisa Abdul Rahim1, Shahid Hussain2, Kashif Ali3, Jabbar Memon4 and Javeria Khourshid1

... seabream, Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskal, 1775) by using different protein-containing diet i.e., soybean meal and fishmeal. The dietary efficacy was monitored in seawater earthen ponds designated into four nylon meshed hapa (3.7×9.5×9.5 feet) for 60 days. Juveniles (35.75±3.2g) were collected with the help of cast net from Sakro creek and transferred into the earthen fish ponds located at Garho, Thatta, Sindh. Juveniles were acclimatized for...

Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan2, Karim Gabol2*, Muhammad Awais3,4, Mohammad Ismail1, Sajid Mahmood1, Muhammad Aslam4 and Hamidullah5

...s of district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected by adopting a mix scientific approach including Participants’ observations, interviews and structured questionnaire. Our results showed that the local villagers of the remote area of district Mardan were the active observers of trapping, over hunting and trading of waterhen in the study area. The structured interviews with locals revealed striking facts about ongoing hunting and ille...

Zaib Ullah1*, Sajid Mahmood2,3, Zafar Iqbal4, Fakhar-i-Abbas5, Naveed Akhtar1 and Abdul Majid Khan6*

... and Siran Valleys of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The different surveys (questionnaire, sighting, and sign survey) were conducted in all sites of the forests from June to November 2018. Thirteen different types of signs were observed during the field survey. Potential site selection was based on sign observation (Encounter Rate; ER). Four black bears were observed from three different spots. Two mature male...

Nasratullah Baloch1, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Hamida Narejo3, Muhammad Farooq Hassan4, Ghulam Abbas5, Shahnaz Rashid5, Muhammad Hanif Chandio6, Faheem Saddar7 and Majida Parveen Narejo8

...n during January to December 2019. Total 36 families, 68 genus and 91 species were recorded from this research work. Out of which, 4 species were reported as dominant species namely Liza subviridis (24.88%; TL 1.8-35.0±0.2 cm), Sardinella longicep (15.83%;2.8-20.4±0.3 cm), Sillago sihama (9.04%; TL 3.5-20.3±0.4 cm) and Acanthopagrus berda (7.99%; TL 1.47-28.5± 0.5 cm). The Simpson’s biodiver...

Muhammad Noman Khan* and Ghulam Nabi

...ruit weight (85.64 g) number of fruits tree-1 (808.75) and fruit yield tree-1 (69.48 kg). Potassium sulfate application decreased days to full bloom (33.58). Whereas the application of potassium sources on 17th March significantly increased leaf chlorophyll content (44.31 mg g-1 FW), leaf area shoot-1 (127.95 cm2), number of fruits tree-1 (739.52), fruit yield tree-1 (63.68 kg) and reduced days to full bloom (20). Hence it i...

Reza Esmaealzade Dizaji1, Arasb Dabbagh Moghaddam1*, Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi2, Mohamad Foad Heydari3, Seyyed Javad Hosseini Shokouh4 and Ana Shirzad Shahrivar5

...f bioactive nano-glass fibers (BNF) loaded with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was used to examine the effects on a second-degree heat wound and the healing process’ sub-streaming molecular route for re-epithelialization. Model (deep second-degree thermal wound), PRP, and PRP/BNF groups were each randomly assigned a set of animals. Wounds were monitored daily for many days following therapy to see how they were healing. H&E staining and qRT-PCR were used...

Bushra Allah Rakha1*, Farah Qayyum1, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari2, Ali Akhter1, Komal Shakeel1, Javeria Batool1, Faryal Akhtar1 and Sehrish Hina1

...(Lantana camera; 6.25%), beri (Zizyphus mauritiana; 3.75%), kronda (Carissa macrocarpa; 2.5%) and mallah (Zizyphus nummularia; 2.5%). Clutch size in white-cheeked bulbul ranged from 1 to 5 eggs with mean clutch size of 2.6 eggs. Maximum percentage of nests (30.2%) had clutch size of 2 and 3 eggs. The overall hatching success in active nests was 61.7% and fledging success was 67.6%. During month of May, maximum number of eggs...

Saeed Ahmad1, Muhammad Iqbal1*, Muhammad Akram1, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid1, Muhammad Shahid1, Taj Muhammad1, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah1, Zunera Saeed2 and Mazhar Ali3

...matter improves yield, fiber quality and seed germination of cotton. The present studies were conducted at Cotton Research Station Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan during 2016 to find out the impact of organic matter on growth and yield of cotton. Farm yard manure and green manuring of berseem was done for consecutive four years to improve soil organic matter from initial organic matter of 0.7% and improved to 1.0 % after two years ...

Arshad Khan, Mohammad Ihsan, Maryam Bibi, Gul Rahim, Fazl Ullah, Komail Khan and Ali Hazrat*

...ty; however, it has a number of limitations regarding the way soil salinity is measured. A new assessment is therefore required. The present research work was conducted at Botanical Garden, Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Different mays verities at morphological level were treated with different salt stress as compared to control environment. After germination, four maize genotypes ...

Mehmet Akif Cam1,* and Koray Kirikci2

...h the increase in the number of sucking lambs in the Bafra breed, the SCC in the milk decreased (P<0.05), but not in Karayaka.

...

Tahir Rasool Qamar1, Sanaullah Iqbal1*, Muhammad Nasir1 and Habib-ur- Rehman2

...G2. Percentage of total aberrant crypt foci (ACF) inhibition was also higher (30.14%) in group G4 as compared to group G3 (18.55%). Elevated levels of short chain fatty acids were observed in chicory root powder groups particularly in G4 which having significant higher levels of acetate and butyrate compared to group G2. Group G4 also hindered body weight loss due to carcinogenesis effect. It can be concluded that chicory root powder has protective impact agai...
Misbah Ammanat1, Abdul Qadir1, Zulfiqar Ali2*, Rida Ahmad2,3, Usman Ahmad1, Irfan Zainab2 and Aliza Batool2,3
...were conducted from November 2017 to October 2018. A total of 38,939 birds were sighted, representing 215 different species. Tarbela Reservoir and the future Dasu dam site had the greatest abundance and diversity of avifauna. The number of individuals observed per survey peaked in November, at the height of fall migration; the secondary peak of back migr...
Md. Abdullah Al-Mamun1,2, Al-Mamun2,3, Sanjay Kumar Mohanta2,3, Md. Farhan Tazim2,3, Mohammed Rashed Parvej 2,3, Md. Sharif Uddin2,3, Suman Barua1,2 and Liu Qun1*
...ril-May) and fall (September). The maximum GSI has accounted to 4.70±1.45 and 5.01±1.75, which corresponded to warmer water temperature 29.68ºC±0.60 in April and 29.72ºC±0.28 in May, respectively, over the Bay of Bengal. At 50% sexual maturity (Lm), males mature at standard length of 145 mm and females at 163 mm. During the peak spawning time, the sex ratio significantly differed from 0.5, with females dominating over male...

Yuyu Wang1,2, Mingzhu Li 3,4, Gang Lin4, Xiaohua Guo5, Aihua Sun5, Hao Dong5, Qinghui Ai1,* and Kangsen Mai1,*

... allotted to 12 square fiberglass tanks. Fish were fed 5 times daily (7:00, 10:00, 14:00, 17:00 and 21:00) for 28 days. No significant differences were observed in survival and intestinal morphology among fish fed various levels of algae meal (P>0.05). Fish fed diet S5 had significantly higher final body weight than that of fish fed diet S15, and no significant differences were observed among fish fed diets S0, S5 and S10 (P>0.05). Trypsin in intestinal ...

Yang Pan1,2, Yang Huang3, Guo-hai Wang4* and Qi-hai Zhou3*

...s: foraging quantity, number of birds per visit, and foraging duration; morphological traits: weight and body, wing, and tail lengths) to both seed removal patterns and dispersal distances of Cayratia japonica in an urban garden in southwest China. Eleven bird species were recorded feeding on its seeds, and eight bird species were confirmed to be seed dispersers. Oriental turtle-dove (Streptopelia orientalis), red-whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus), and red...

Muhammad Hussain1, Yasir Ali2*, Baber Iqbal1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal1, Salman Ahmad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif2, Muhammad Saeed1 and Muhammad Jawad Yousaf1

... during 3rd week of November 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 crop seasons. To monitor the changes of rust virulence pattern in the region, a set of rust trap nurseries consisting of 21 stripe (Yr) and 36 leaf rust (Lr) lines were grown in the Research Area of Plant Pathology Research Institute during the same cropping seasons. A total of 11 Genotypes viz., Ass-11, V-13266, V-11C023, V-12266, V-08203, V-12001, V-13001, Gandam-II, V-13270, V-13273 and AARI-11 indicated ...

Yasir Ali1, Muhammad Shahbaz2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif1-2, Salman Ahmad3*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4, Saqib Saeed2, Mohsin Iqbal1, Mozam Ejaz1 and Saima Naseer5

... seasons. The maximum number of grains per spike was recorded by Propiconazole (48.3 and 45.40) and Polyram DF (47.3 and 44.50), followed by Tubiconazole+trifloxystrobin, Diphenoconazole, Sulphur, Pyraclostrobin, Cholorothalonyl+metalyxl as compared to control. Highly Significant (P<0.05) 1000-grain weights were recorded by Propiconazole (42.06 g and 40.60 g) followed by Polyram DF (41.49 g and 39.13 g), Tubiconazole+trifloxystrobin (39.39 g and 37.70 g), D...

Nasir Ali1,2,6, Muhammad Ilyas2,3, Nazia Akbar1,2*, Gohar Rahman2, Shakirullah Khan4, Mujaddad Ur Rehman6, Abdul Samad5, Habib Ahmad1,2 and Bibi Nazia Murtaza7*

...ages of the people of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, presumed in mtDNA, has their origin from the West Eurasian and South Asian stocks. These results we have offer a reference to better understand the biological linkage of ancient and modern inhabitants living in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

...

Fahad A. Al-Abbasi1*, Abdullah Samer Habib1, Vikas Kumar2 and Firoz Anwar1

...en in the month of September and October, 2017 and in fish and chicken meat from December, 2017 to June, 2018. In all samples TPC was more or less same for fish and chicken. E. coli was non traceable in any of the analyzed samples. Uniform pattern of V. parahaemolyticus was observed from March to June 2018 but was altered in 2017. Elevated level of C-reactive protein was observed in two of...

Jemi Diporianto1,4, Denny Widaya Lukman2*, Yusuf Ridwan3 

...y was conducted from October to December 2022 in Bengkulu Province, Lampung Province, and Jakarta Province, Indonesia. The risk assessment was based on the qualitative approach outlined in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code (TAHC) for risk analysis. The entry assessment was based on the Biosecurity Import Risk Analysis Guidelines 2016 Australia, while the uncertainty level was determined based on the guidelines provided by T...

Qingjin Li1,2, Zhiyuan Sui1,2, Jihu Zhang1,2, Zhishuai Zhang1,2 and Feng Xing1,2*

... in the onset of sheep puberty remains unknown, the cDNA sequence of CTSD from Duolang sheep was cloned and sequenced. The expression levels of CTSD were detected in the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, uterus and oviduct in the three development periods of prepuberty, puberty, and postpuberty. The results showed that the coding region of CTSD gene of Duo...

Kyu-Jung Kim and Shin-Jae Rhim*

...om February 2018 to November 2020. Stream structure was assessed along the stream corridor. There were differences in water width, depth, transparency, flow, bed materials, form of levee, and number of bends. The major waterbirds were cormorants, large wading birds, dabbling ducks, diving ducks, gulls, and small wading birds. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed close relationships between stream structure variab...

Muhammad Hasnain1*, Ghulam Mustafa2, Asif-ur-Rehman3, Ali Raza4, Abrar Ahmad4, Taj Muhammad4, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid4, Umair Faheem5, Muhammad Shahid4, Muhammad Akram4 and Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5

...%) also increased the number of fruits at the fully mature stage i.e., 1.43%, 1.82%, and 2.20%, respectively. As compared to control, there were statistically significant differences. The increased the percentage of amino acids also increased the yield, Izabi on was 105.9kg/plant, whereas Promise and Flagon showed 96.65kg/plant and 95.86%, but both were non-significantly different. Fruit ripening caused changes in those factors, which were noted. Spraying amin...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Jamshaid Iqbal2, Tariq Mustafa3, Gul Rehman2, Muhammad Faisal Shahzad2, Muhammad Younas4,5*, Aftab Ahmad Khan6, Ameer Hamza2, Abdul Ghaffar1 and Muneer Abbas1

...rcentage reduction in number of thrips per flower, and percentage damage of the mung bean pods. On an accumulative basis, B. bassiana at 7.5 % concentration resulted in the reduction of thrips population per flower (59.42 %) and it was observed more superior than other tested EPFs. Application of B. bassiana resulted highest number of flowers (185.40) with the maximum number of pods/plant ...

Rahamdad Khan1, Saad Muhammad2, Muhammad Haroon3, Saad Jan1 and Syed Majid Rasheed1*

...eight, leaf area, and number of branches) was all reduced. In addition, with increasing light duration (9 hours), both species grew faster and recorded their maximum biomass plant height, leaf area, and number of branches. Both weed species grown under reduced light duration could not reach maturity and complete their life cycles. P. hysterophorus has the potential to grow quickly and replace C. sativa under 9 hours of light...

Saima Naz1, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2, Rifat Ullah Khan3*, Saba Iqbal1, Nimra Amjad1, Azka Kiran1, Ammara Javed1, Maria Lateef1 and Amna Nawaz1

...idae which were 12 in number. It is suggested that there is a need of comprehensive strategies to conserve the nearly extinct group of fish species.

...

Razia Sultana1, Shinawar Waseem Ali1*, Ghulam Murtaza2 and Shahid Mahmood2

...l count of 40423. The number of phyla was 3, of which proteobacteria showed the highest abundance (89.9%). Four classes of bacterial microbiota were detected in which the proportion of class Gamma proteobacteria was the highest (84.8%). The numbers of orders, families, and genera to which bacteria belonged were 9, 10, and 15, respectively. Genus Stenotrophomonas had the highest relative abundance (48.8%), which was followed ...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Mika Tania Sidabutar, Liman, Arif Qisthon 

...as conducted between October and December 2021, involving Brahman cross cows (n=9) aged 8-12 months. The study utilized a randomized block design (RBD) with three treatments and three groups. The treatments administered were as follows: P0: 80% basal feed + 20% corn cobs without ammonia (0% urea), P1: 80% basal feed + 20% ammoniated corn cobs (2.5% urea), and P2: 80% basal feed + 20% ammoniated corn cobs (5% urea). The varia...

Wei Fang1,2,3, Jiawei Hong1,2,3,4, Zhengyi Fu1,2,3, Jing Hu1,2,3, Gang Yu1,2,3, Zhenhua Ma1,2,3* and Humin Zong5*

...or 26.22%), while the number of tetranucleotide, pentanucleotide and hexanucleotide repeat was relatively small. Through the above analysis, it could be concluded that the difference in gene expression of the transcriptome between asymptomatic group and the infected group was significant. PHGDH, PASAT1, RPL38, RPS2, ATP6V1D, ATP6V11, etc. may be the key genes that affect the expression of anti-NNV for E. fuscoguttatus, which mainly related to the inhibition of...

Nabi Ullah, Abdul Samad Mumtaz*, Lubna Anjum Minhas, Muhammad Kaleem, Rooma Waqar, Amber Jabeen and Ayesha Hanif

...s in District Bajaur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Total of 52 algal species belonging to 2 classes, 6 orders, 13 families, 22 genera, were reported from the four different sites (E1, E2, E3 and E4) of District Bajaur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Comprehensive investigation of four research stations revealed the phytoplankton diversity from Chlorophyceae to Cyanophyceae. All species were collected from the fresh water bodies during March spri...

Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Youssef and Wafaa Mohamed Abd - El-Hameed El-Nagdi

... and flower extracts. Number of galls was reduced coinciding with the increasing the tested rates or concentrations. Consequently, plant growth and yield parameters increased coinciding with the tested rates for residues and concentrations for extracts of khella.

...
Skorykh Larisa Nikolayevna1*, Fominova Irina Olegovna1, Kovalenko Dmitriy Vadimovich1, Skokova Antonina Vladimirovna1, Dmitrik Irina Ivanovna1, Kizilova Natalia Igorevna2 and Violeta Caro Petrovic3
...ndicated genotypes outnumbered their peers by 1.8; 2.1 and 3.7 points.

...

Bilal Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Avais1*, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Masood Rabbani2, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Muhammad Awais1, Sohail Ahmad3 and Shahan Azeem2*

...us (tst), Streptococcus uberis (cpn-60 targeted STUB), and Escherichia coli (aggR) in a rabbit model. Four types of mastitis vaccines viz. formalin-inactivated plain polyvalent mastitis vaccine (FPPV), formalin-inactivated montanide adjuvanted polyvalent mastitis vaccine (FMPV), formalin-inactivated aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted polyvalent mastitis vaccine (FAPV), and formalin-inactivated montanide plus aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted mastitis vaccine (FMAPV) we...

Azam Khurshid1*, Jawad Sarwar1, Kamran Sohail1, Hafiz Muhammad Faisal Ayub2, Farooq Muhammad1, Fida Muhammad Khan3 and Adnan Ihsan1

...aled that the minimum number of whitefly plant-1, after 1st and 2nd spray application, was observed in plots treated with lambda-cyhalothrin (2.65 and 2.20) followed by (bakain leaf extract + neem seed extract) (3.67 and 2.74) and the maximum number of whitefly plant-1 were recorded in control (5.60 and 5.38). Similarly minimum number of jassid plant-1 after 1st and 2nd spray application w...

Ahmed Jaafar Mousa*, Nothaila Rasheed Hamid 

...ng pigeons between September and December 2022. The swabs were taken from the throat, pharynx, crop, and esophagus with a cotton swab. Utilizing direct smear and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, 30 (30%) of the 100 collected samples were found to be positive. A DNA sequence of 372 bp length that partly encompassed the coding region of the ITS1-5.8s rRNA-ITS2 gene within ten samples (assigned 1-10) was amplified in...

Ihab G. AL-Shemmari1*, Ali Hussein Fadhil1, Mohammed Assad S. Alkabi1, Eman Jawad Jabber

...ylon provinces from November 2020 to July 2021, using Rose Bengal test (RBT), culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on blood and uterine tissue samples collected from 139 brucellosis-infected ewes. Results. The PCR identified 37 (26.61%) positive cases of brucellosis, which was less than the 41 (29.49%) instances identified by the Rose Bengal test and greater than the percentage identified by the culture, which was 35 (25.1%). In comparison to the resul...

MALIK ASIF HUSSAIN

...div>microorganisms. A number of animal and clinical studies have presented
importance and role of biofilms in various clinical conditions. This form of
growth enables them to grow in form of microbial communities, which
help them to grow and survive better. Resistance to antibiotics is usually
linked and described as a reason for better survival of microbes in
biofilms. In fact, it is not resistance t...

Muhammad Ashfaq ur Rahman1*, Saleem Khan1, Aurang Zeb1, Zia ud Din1 and Zafar Iqbal3 

...atients with pulmonary tuberculosis (pTB) often suffer from malnutrition, hence this issue has to be taken into account while designing a treatment plan. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (pTB) seeking treatment at the TB Centre in Baghdada, Pakistan, were surveyed to determine their body weight before and after receiving dietary counseling. A total of 150 patients were enlisted for this prospective analytic case-control ...

Shakirat Bolatito Ibrahim1, Raheem Olatunji Aminu1,2*, Aisha Olushola Arowolo1 and Adams Sanusi Musa1

...me cereals, roots, and tubers. As indicated by the household dietary diversity score, 85.64% of households showed a high level of dietary diversity. The food expenditure data shows that food insecurity affected 59% of households, with levels of severity and depth of food insecurity of 0.27 and 0.19, respectively. The ordered logit result indicates that gender, farmer association, cooperative society, extension visits, access to credit, remittances, and land ow...

Ali Mosa Rashid Al-Yasari1, Zahid I. Mohammed2, Haider S. Almnehlawi3,4, Ali F Bargooth5, Nawar Jasim Alsalih1, Huda F. Hasan6*, Mohenned A Alsaadawi1 

...al medicine to cure a number of ailments. In this investigation, we delivered fresh milk from Arabian camels to adult male rats that had been given STZ to induce diabetes. Three groups of ten adult male Albino rats each were created at random from the thirty total animals. Control group was given ordinary food and free water, the STZ-Diabetes group received one (ip) injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg), and the STZ-diabetes+Camels’ Milk group received ...

Baoxuan Nong1,2, Biqiu Wu3, Anlong Xu2, Wenai He2 and Yongfu Qiu2*

...pment by counting the number of hatched nymphs. Two resistance varieties N22 and OB677 were crossed with susceptible line 9311 to develop mapping populations, which were applied to map the resistance genes/QTLs. In the results, rice variety PTB33 showed high resistance to both brown planthopper (BPH) and WBPH, varieties N22, RBPH327, and OB677 showed moderate resistance to WBPH. Host choice test and seedling survival rates further verified the WBPH resistance ...

Shafi Muhammad1, Bibi Nazia Murtaza2, Aftab Ahmad1, Muhammad Shafiq3, Nurul Kabir4 and Hamid Ali1*

...rs the second highest numbers of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections after Egypt. Although the role of IL-17A in chronic liver diseases (CLD) had been extensively studied, there is little to no data available on the serum profiling of IL-17A in HCV patients from Pakistan. Thus, we investigated the relationship between serum levels of IL-17A and age in chronic and fibrotic HCVpatients by ELISA and evaluated different markers that are invloved in the progression ...

Sidra Mumtaz1, Sidra Arshad1, Rizwan Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Usman Rashid2 and Naila Malkani1*

...udies have identified members of the erythroblast transformation specific (Ets) transcription factors family showing aberrant expression in various stages of tumor formation in breast tissue. However, their use as a prognostic factor is not very clear. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to analyze their aberrant expression in breast tumorigenesis. A thorough literature search was per...

Romaan Hayat Khattak1, Liwei Teng1,2*, Naimat Ullah Khan3, Aamir Ali3, Abdul Hadi4 and Zhensheng Liu1,2*

...P), Nowshera district Khyber Pkahtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan. The presence of this species indicated that this ecosystem has rich biodiversity, providing plenty of resources for the survival of yellow-throated marten. However, keeping in view the diet ecology of yellow-throated marten we assume that it may have some negative impacts on the ongoing ungulates captive breeding programs with in the park. Therefore, detailed studies are needed to be carried out to invest...

Lu Liu1, Xiang Zhao2, Yue Qin2, Tianxiang Gao3 and Tianyan Yang3*

...enome (NCBI accession number AP004413) named Lophiomus setigerus, indicating that the latter might be a misidentification. Phylogenetic analysis based on PCGs suggested that genus Lophius was more closely related to Lophiodes than Antennatus.

...

Sha Li1,2, Yacheng Hu1,2, Wenjing Li3, Wei Su1,2 and Wei Jiang1,2*

... and 60 mm) between November 5th, 2019, and December 31st, 2019. A total of 1252 specimens were used to estimate the related parameters. The LWRs parameters of all nine species were found to be significant (P <0.05). The values of b in LWRs ranged from 2.455 to 3.009. New maximum total length (TL) and standard length (SL) records for two of the nine species were reported, and the first report of LWRs of Xenocypris davidi ...

Wafa Akram1, Shahan Azeem2, Shafqat Shabir1, Haroon Akbar1*, Warda Gill3 and Muhammad Imran Rashid1*

...botamine flies). In November 2020, a case of leishmaniasis was diagnosed in a captive tiger through microscopy and L. infantum was confirmed by PCR and sequencing analysis. DNA sequencing of the amplicon revealed close homology with Leishmania sequences available in GenBank. Alignments and phylogenetic analyses of the Leishmania infantum from a tiger in Pakistan indicated 94-100 % identity with Leishmania from animals and 98.8-100% with Leishmania from humans ...

Getulio A. Barcenas Jr.1* and Luisa Marie I. Barcenas2 

...ant growth regulators gibberellic acid (GA3), paclobutrazol (PBZ), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyl amino purine (BAP); and ethrel at 100 ppm concentration on the vegetative and reproductive expression of cucumber were studied at the cotyledonary and two-leaf stages. The study was laid out in a split-plot randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Results showed significant differences in plant responses where...

Al Salihi karima Akool1* , Almas. M. Al-Bayati2, Iman Mousa Khaleel3  

...nized epithelium. Furstenberg’s Rosettes were vertically located as ridges at teat internal streak canal end mucosa. The number of Furstenberg’s Rosettes ranged from 11 to 15 and 9 to 11 in SCPMG and SCN-PMG, respectively. Mammary gland parenchyma revealed an arrangement of lobules separated by interlobular connective tissue. Each lobule comprised a group of alveoli surrounded ...

Vijay Kumar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Nazar Ali Korejo1, Ambreen Leghari2, Faiz Muhammad Khand2, Riaz Ahmed Leghari1, Khaliq-ur-Rehman Bhutto3 

...ted a little bit less number of MDR organisms i.e., 60%. The antibiotic resistance pattern further shows that out of the total 51 poultry (broiler, layer and ducks) isolates 84.31% (n = 43) were recorded as MDR. The resistance pattern further shows that out of the total 51 Salmonella isolates, the highest resistance was detected to sulfamethazine 100% (n = 51/51), followed by ampicillin 70.58% (n=36/51), tetracycline 68.73% (n=35/51), doxycycline 56.86% (n=29/...

Nur-E-Farjana Ilah1, Md. Joynal Abedin2, Esmout Jahan Alice1, Taiba Akter Laboni1, Mst. Shahinur Khatun1, Most. Shakila Sarmin1, Md. Ashekur Rahman1, Obaidur Rahman1, Md. Akhtarul Islam1, Muhammad Ali Fardoush Siddquy3 and Md. Yeamin Hossain1*

...ishers catch during November 2021 to October 2022 by using traditional fishing gears such as trawl and gill nets (mesh size: 2-3 cm). Data showed that  TL was found to be  between 15 and 21 cm and the BW remained as 46 and 136 g. All LWRs had r2 values below 0.945 and were significant (P<0.001). The estimated allometric coefficient (b) suggested the combined sexes showed isometric growth (b~3). The statistical a...

Aamir Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Farooq Bhatti, Muhammad Summer and Ali Haidar Gormani

...text-align: justify;">Mulberry plants belonging to the Morus genus are widely planted across Asia. Almost all parts of these economically and medically important plants including fruits, root bark, stem and leaves are of equal importance in terms of uses but their leaves are the most excessively used part. Traditionally leaves have been used in different folk remedies, dietary supplements and herbal medicine. Commercially these are used in sericulture to feed ...

Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1*, Tehreem Shabbir1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Fatima Yasin1, Humayoun Huma Maqbool1, Aasia Karim3

...l/g, ash; 6% and crude fiber; 2%), immunological indices (WBCs; 7.48×103mm-3) and minerals absorption (Ca; 72.47%, Na; 67%, K; 71% and P; 73%). Results indicated that 20% replacement level of BM with the fish meal is best suited to improve carcass composition, immunity, and mineral absorption and for the production of eco-friendly feed. Moreover, 30% inclusion rate of BM was also found to be useful in the diets of carp species. 
 

Slamet Widodo1*, Mohammad Ikhsan Shiddieqy1, Teguh Wahyono2, Yeni Widiawati1, Zultinur Muttaqin1

...CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, fat, minerals, dry matter digestibility with pepsine (DMdPeps), organic matter digestibility with pepsine (OMdPeps), nitrogen digestibility with pepsin (NdPepsin), gas production.   The results showed that CP, NDF, and ADF   had the highest variability among the nutrients. A total of 27 significant (p<0.05) among nutrient content, ...

Rokhani Rokhani1, Amam Amam2*, Mochammad Wildan Jadmiko2, Dhimas Yusantoro2

...ock and Animal Health Number 9632 of 2020 concerning Technical Guidelines on 1,000 Cattle Village Development Program and Activities for the 2020 Fiscal Year states one of the program’s primary objectives is to increase the cow population in beneficiary locations. Efforts to support the program’s sustainability can be carried out through farmer empowerment in accordance with the Government Regulation Number 6 of ...

Arief1*, Roni Pazla2

...digestibility of crude fiber, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extract. A mixture of forages, including Mirasolia diversifolia, Indigofera zoolingeriana, and Gliricidia sepium, combined with palm concentrate, can balance the company’s ration FCM milk production.
 
Keywords | Gliricidia sepium, Goat, Indigofera zoolingeriana, Milk, Mirasolia diversifolia, Palm concentrate
...

Mervat M. Fath- Allah, Amal A. Ahmed, Hala A. Amin

... ELISA using against, number
of potyviruses polyclonal antibodies. The ELISA results gave a positive reaction with Bean yellow
mosaic virus (BYMV), Carnation vein mottle virus(CVMV), Potato virus Y, Watermelon mosaic virus
(WMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) of potyviridae family. A potyvirus universal
degenerate primer was used to amplify the polyprotein region of members of Potyviridae...

Rini Widyastuti1*, Rangga Setiawan1, Nurcholidah Solihati1, Siti Darodjah1, Kundrat Hidajat1, Mochamad Ali Mauludin2, Alkaustariyah Lubis3, Mas Rizky Anggun Adipurna Syamsunarno4, Sigit Prastowo5, Takdir Saili6, Arief Boediono7

...arms. The majority of members of Simpay Tampomas Farmers Group were males aged 41-59 years, who graduated from elementary school and had more than 10 years of experience in dairy goat farming. Furthermore, 75% of them had adequate literacy about the signs of heat, length of pregnancy, signs of delivery, and weaning of lamb. The results showed that less than 50% of farmers lacked awareness about the length of heat and the signs of early pregnancy. The majority ...

Sri Suharyati, Tiwi Aries Pani, Akhmad Dakhlan, Syahrio Tantalo, Kusuma Adhianto*

...as due to the limited number of females so almost all Saburai goats were selected as potential stock in the area. This results in a low intensity of selection and a lower increase in the growth of the next generation. This research was conducted in Gisting and Sumberejo Subdistricts, Tanggamus District and we aimed to determine the body weight and body sizes of Saburai goats doe who have single and twin birth types. Data col...

Shafqat Ullah1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Rafiq Ullah1, Raheela Taj3, Fatima Syed3, Shumaila Gul4, Faiza Khan5, Ibad Ullah Jan6, Muneeb Islam7 and Sumaira8

Salma Sharif1, Rana Arsalan Javaid2*, Abid Majeed2, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed2, Qurat ul Ain Sani2, Faiza Siddique2, Muhammad Arshad3 and Niaz Ali

...turity, plant height, number of tillers, panicle length, flag leaf area, leaf length, culm length, culm diameter, number of grains per panicle, grain length, grain diameter, chlorophyll content, net differential vegetation index, thousand grain weight and grain yield. The overall mean for Grain yield ranged from 1.71 tons/ha to 6.18 tons/ha. Grand mean of all genotypes for Grain yield was 4.1 tons/ha. Maximum Grain yield was...

Muhammad Raza Salik1, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal1,2*, Ayesha Komal3, Muhammad Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah4, Faheem Altaf5, Akbar Hayat1 and Hira Tariq1

...t. Significantly less number of seeds/fruit was found in plants grown at a distance of 10` × 10` as compared to others. Plants grown at 22` × 22` distance yielded more fruits as compared to others with less spacing. Chemical characteristics of Citrus reticulata such as juice percentage, TSS, acidity and TSS/acid ratio were also not affected by variation in plant to plant and row to row spacing. Overall, it can be concluded from these data that redu...

Shiferaw Demissie Tola1, Diriba Muleta2, Fassil Assefa2 and Beira Hailu Meressa1*

...-1) recorded for leaf number, while the relative minimum yield (m) of 0.91 and 0. 86 were the highest m values for root length and shoot height, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum multiplication rate (a) and population densities (M) were estimated as 8813.2 and 3420.1 (eggs and J2 (g soil)–1), respectively. Therefore, evaluating hot pepper varieties for resistance using a wide range of Pi could generate more reliable information on the host status of...

Moazzam Baig*, Sohaib Ahmed and Arz Muhammad Umrani

...that contributes to a number of issues, including soil erosion and flooding, which in turn trigger other natural phenomena and specifically the destruction of natural resources. According to findings of this research, poverty is a widespread issue. The statistics show that the population has very low income along with the other associated variables. In this context, we developed a well structure questionnaire and collect primary data from it and through descri...

Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Ayaz Khan2 and Nowsherwan Zarif1

...of District Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to estimate and compare carbon stocks in Guzara and Reserved Forests. Data was collected from 253 sample plots using a systematic random sampling technique. The total carbon stock in the study area was estimated as 1,374,702 tonnes. Out of this, 56% is in the soil, 33 % in aboveground biomass, 9% in belowground biomass and 2% in litter. Average carbon density was estimated as 100 t/ha in the landscape. Mean aboveground ...

Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1, Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi1*, Hassan Abd- El-Khair2, Usama S. Elkelany1, Mahfouz M.M. Abd-Elgawad1 and Mona G. Dawood3

... of plant branches and tubers; especially by individual than combined treatments. Biochemical compounds were influenced by different treatments of the tested materials. The diversity and community of aerobic bacteria, spore-forming bacteria and fungi and frequency% of fungi in potato rhizosphere varied among different treatments.

...

Muhammad Salman1*, Naveed Ahmed2, Mir Manzar Ud Din3, Fazli Amin4 and Arsalan Ali5

...velopmental stages of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) C-21 strain by feeding different mulberry varieties and its effect on their cocoon characters during spring and autumn silkworm rearing seasons 2022. The study comprised of thirty number of larvae and cocoons of Chinese C-21 strain. The parameters that were studied in the present experiment and recorded were weight of full-grown larv...

Nurul Fajrih1,2, Komang Gede Wiryawan1*, Sumiati1 and Suraya Kaffi Syahpura3

...inues to increase the number of cells until the incubation period of 48 hours each amounted to 8.107 log CFU/ml and 7.771 Log CFU / ml while in pathogenic bacteria there is no growth. Based on this result, it can be concluded that BCE can be used as a prebiotic.
 
Keywords | Glucomannan, Prebiotics, Polysaccharides, Banana corms, LAB
...

Roberto Gallegos-Acero1, Ali William Canaza-Cayo2,4*, Francisco Halley Rodríguez-Huanca1, Rubén Herberht Mamani-Cato3, Abigail de la Cruz1, Júlio Sílvio de Sousa Bueno Filho4 

...t (AR), the effective numbers of founders (), effective number of ancestors (), generation interval (GI) and the pedigree completeness, the ENDOG program v.4.8 was used. The F and AR were 0.06% and 0.40%, respectively, The number of ancestors that gave rise to the reference population was 288, the for the reference population was 132. The was 338 animals. The average generational interv...

Nurul Isnaini*, Dedes Amertaningtyas, Hanief Eko Sulistyo, Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti, Faizal Andri

...5) in the egg weight, number of eggs of BSF success to hatch, hatchability, length, width, and number of change becoming flies at period shown. Conclusively it has been shown that the different enriched media gave positive effect until 75% replacement. Those treatment controls are not recommended.
 
Keywords | Black soldier fly, Feed, Fermentation, Health, Reproductive
...

Abd-Alfattah Abd-Alhamid Alderey1, Nabila Elsaid Mahmod El-Kassas1, Eman Said El-Hadad1*, Manal Hamdy Gomaa1, Eman Ashour Hussein2  

... compared to control. Number, daily mass, and production rate of eggs were increased (P<0.001) by SOP15%+E and SOP20%+E or DY. Egg shape index and plasma cholesterol and triglyceride were improved (P<0.05 or P<0.001) by all SOP20% diets. Shell percentage was increased (P<0.01) by SOP20%+E+DY. Haugh unit was increased (P<0.01) by SOP15%+E or E+DY, SOP20%+E+DY. Egg surface area was improved (P<0.05) by SOP15%+E or DY, SOP20%+DY. SOP20%+DY diet ...

Hermawan Setyo Widodo1,2*, Tridjoko Wisnu Murti1, Ali Agus1, Ambar Pertiwiningrum1

...se was SA. The Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium of PE and SA indicated the influence of the breeding program. The genotypes affected the αs1 casein, total casein, and αs1/β ratio, in which AA was highest. The A, F, and N allele expressions were 3.21, 0.82, and 0.60g/L, respectively. It can be drawn that the CSN1S1 gene variation has occurred in those breeds and an intermediate-expressing genotype was predominant, which affected the amount of some...

Raed Hussein Salih Rabee1, Yahya Sabah Abdulameer1, Walla Farhan Obed1, Noor R Abady1, Adnan Mansour Jasim1*, Firas Hussein Albawi1, Mohammed Jasim Jawad2, Ahmed Samir Abukhomra3

...e potential to have a number of harmful effects on health, including the emergence of multidrug-resistant microbial strains, allergic and an alteration of the normal flora in the intestines. The study aimed to evaluate the residue levels of enrofloxacin in chicken meat after administering berberine (BBR). Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from chickens suffering from diarrhea, and it...

Tevina Edwin, Arfa’i*, Olivio Dickresna

...g to a decline in the number of farmers and livestock population. The role of the government is needed to overcome the problems by distributing knowledge about good husbandry systems, providing capital to increase the scale of breeders’ businesses, providing good facilities and infrastructure for breeding in the Luak Sub-district. Farmers must focus more on their livestock business and increasing livestock productivity.
 
Key...

Irfan Safdar Durrani*, Noreen Asim and Ammar Sohail

...und to contain higher number of TATA-box and CAAT-box as compared to Nipponbare, reflecting it to be efficient in transcription initiation. Pairwise alignment using NCBI Nucleotide Blast tool showed 99% similarity between subject sequence (Nipponbare) and query sequence (Dilrosh-97). Localization of Transcription factors motif sequences indicate that the motifs including Homeodomain; TALE, NF-YB and GGAAAt in Nipponbare promoter and Alpha-amylase and B3 in Dil...

Tanvir Hussain1,2*, Kafeel Ahmad2, Muhammad Bilal Zia1, Hammad Uddin1, Khalid Hussain1, Muhammad Inamulla Khan3 and Said Akhtar Khan1

... temperate forests of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan using random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) DNA method. Five study sites were selected and 20 samples (needles) from each site were collected. Six RAPD markers produced 92 amplicons with sizes range 250-2000bp. Among all studied populations 100% polymorphism was observed. The highest percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB=82.61%), observed number of alleles (na=1.82), effec...

Muhammad Mukhtar*, Syamsul Bahri, Syahruddin 

...ant height and tiller number, (2) biomass production, namely fresh matter weight, dry matter weight and leaf blade percentage and (3) nitrogen uptake. The results showed that the treatment had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on growth and biomass production, and a significant effect (P<0.05) on nitrogen uptake. The highest yield for plant height growth reached 446 cm and the growth of tiller number reached 39 tiller...

Sajida Batool1, Mubeen Akhtar1, Shafaat Yar Khan1,2*

...I of control females. Number of successful pregnancies were noticed to be significantly (P<0.001) increased in control females. Percentage of infertile, hirsute and acne patients was higher in PCOS group, while serum interleukin-3 level was significantly (P<0.05) lower in PCOS patients than healthy participants. WBC count (P<0.01) and neutrophils % age (P<0.05) was significantly higher in PCOS group while eosinophils % age was statistically (P<0...

Md. Ariful Alam1, Mst. Misrat Masuma Parvez1, Md. Salauddin2*, Rakibul Islam1 and Md. Bazlar Rashid1

...hite Blood Cell (WBC) number was increased and Hb level was decreased in 10 days post-infection in all infected groups. Whereas the Total White Blood Cell number (WBC) was decreased and Hb level was increased in 30 days post-infection in all treated groups. Histopathological examinations were also performed which clearly indicated that T2, T3, and T4 groups showed fewer abnormal lesions whereas T3 showed significantly better...

Md. Ariful Alam1, Mst. Misrat Masuma Parvez1, Md. Salauddin2*, Rakibul Islam1 and Md. Bazlar Rashid1

...hite Blood Cell (WBC) number was increased and Hb level was decreased in 10 days post-infection in all infected groups. Whereas the Total White Blood Cell number (WBC) was decreased and Hb level was increased in 30 days post-infection in all treated groups. Histopathological examinations were also performed which clearly indicated that T2, T3, and T4 groups showed fewer abnormal lesions whereas T3 showed significantly better...

Javed Iqbal*, Mamoona Hanif, Nadia Hussain Ahmad, Amna Bibi, Zaib-un-Nisa and Sadia Kanwal

...rsquo;s main source of fiber is cotton. Both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) stimuli, including high temperatures, have a deleterious impact on its formation. The goal of the current study was to investigate the genetic foundation of upland cotton’s heat tolerance. On the basis of CMT%, canopy temperature, seed cotton production, node number of first fruiting branch, days to first effective boll, heat index (H...

Imtiaz Khan1*, Abdullah1, Muhammad Ibrahim1, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan1, Saima Hashim1, Shomayela Afzal2 and Khalid Nawab3 

...as of District Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. A Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with three replicates and various weed management practices were implemented. The treatments include; different herbicides (Pendimethalin, dual gold and fenxaprop-p-ethyl), mulches (Black polythene, white polythene and available weed biomass) and allelopathic weed extracts (Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav., Convolvulus arvensis L. and Lathyrus sp.) compared with control trea...
Waheed Ahmad1, Muhammad Tayyab1*, Bushra Muneer2*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Mansurud Din Ahmad3, Shagufta Saeed1, Muhammad Nauman Aftab2, Sehrish Firyal1, Muhammad Wasim1, Muhammad Azam4, Muhammad Talha5 and Ali Raza Awan1

Abdul Kabir1*, Anees Ur Rahman2, Inzamam Ali Shah2, Ibad ur Rahman2 

...lopox virus (BPXV), a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus and a close variant of vaccinia virus (VACV). Buffalopox was first reported in India in 1934 and has since become an emerging and re-emerging disease in the Indian subcontinent and other countries. The disease is characterized by pock lesions on the skin and mucous membranes of the affected animals and humans, with complications such as mastitis, secondary infections, and reduced milk production. Buffalop...

Mollah Mohammad Lalmoddin*, Pal Dipa Rani, Ferdous Jannatul

...rom January, 2022 to October, 2022. In this study, the prevalence and risk factors of lumpy skin disease in cattle population in the study area was determined. A total number of 1390 diseases cases were recorded randomly irrespective of age, sex, breed and season over the study period, among them 325 case were clinically diagnosed as Lumpy Skin Disease. The overall prevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease in cattle was 23.38%. The p...
Hyun-Su Hwang1, Jae-Kang Lee2, Tae-Kyung Eom2, Seung-Hun Son3, Dong-Ho Lee2, Hyeongyu Ko2 and Shin-Jae Rhim2*
...ng on food items, and number of consumed food items. Moreover, social behaviors were analyzed. In this study, we used peanuts as high-fat food type. Peanuts were consumed at the highest frequency by marsh tits (Poecile palustris), great tits (Parus major), and Eurasian nuthatches (Sitta europaea). In addition, the type of food, temperature, and metabolic energy requirement affected food utilization in marsh tits and great tits. In our study, some evidence was ...

Muhammad Ayub1*, Syed Arif Husain Rizvi2, Ishtiaq Hussain3, Musa Ali Hashmi4, Iqbal Hussain5, Shahid Hussain1, Zakir Hussain1 and Rehmat Kabir6 

...urthermore, a maximum number of adult mealybugs (512) were recorded in Gunny bags wrapped on willow (S. wilhelmsiana M. Bieb) tree trunks among three types of forest trees during July 2020. In conclusion, soil racking and egg removal should be carried out simultaneously during winter for eco-friendly mealybug management.

...

Khanitta Pengmeesri1,2* Thassawan Somchan1 , Doungnapa Promket1,3 

...at quality, and muscle fiber in crossbred and purebred native chickens after a 4-week freeze at market weight. The research involves 100 purebred Thai native chickens (Yellow-whited tail, YWN) and 100 three-breed crosses (25% egg line, 25% meat line, 50% Yellow-whited tail native chicken, CBN), raised under identical open-house conditions for 10 and 12 weeks. CBN hits market weight (around 1.2 kg) in the tenth week, while YWN takes 12 weeks. At both weeks, ten...

Muhammad Farooq Bhatti1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Aamir Ali1, Hooria Ashraf Khan1, Rabia Fajar Ali2, Ayesha Muzamil1, Fariha Munir3, Fatima Ijaz1, Rizwan Khurshid3

...th an increase in the number of meals (6) per day. Moreover, a significant increase in biological traits including average larval weight (0.979±0.038) and ratio silk gland to body weight (27.386 % ±0.843) was also observed in this group as compared to other groups. The economic traits including cocoon length and width as well as fibroin content of larvae of the Chinese race were significantly higher as compared to Pakistani and Bulgarian races. I...

Cahya Alamsyah Putra Anugerah1*, Ita Krissanti1, Diky Ramdani2 

...he BCS scores of goat number I, III, and IV was 3.0 out of 5.0 while goat II was 2.0. In conclusion, it is important to improve health and welfare managements to maintain the performans of the goats. 

...

Zakia Panhwar1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir Rajput1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano2, Shafique Ahmed Memon3, Naimatullah Koondhar4, Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1

...ns, respectively. The number of adults were counted at A and C after 24 and 48 h to calculate the repellent efficacy and mortality percentage. All the essential oils showed pesticidal potential with orange and lemongrass found to be more effective in causing mortality of both male and female C. maculatus, whereas the peppermint and eucalyptus were found to be more repellent. The pesticidal potential of all oils increased with increasing doses and exposure timi...

Arslan Muhammad Ali Khan1, Rao Zahid Abbas1*, Zia ud Din Sindhu1, Muhammad Shahid Mahmood2

... of Hyalomma spp. Egg number, egg mass, and larval hatching were also reduced significantly (p<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. As a result, reproductive index (RI), reproductive efficiency index (REI), and nutrient index (NI) were also decreased significantly (p<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, A. subulatum essential oil showed dose-dependent response against repellency of Hyalomma spp. The LC50 and LC90, RC50 and RC90 values for A. subulat...

Danish Kamal2, Muhammad Abbass Khan1, Ghulam Mujtaba-Shah1, Naveed Ahmed1, Maryam Iqbal¹, Basharat Hussain Shah1 and Imtiaz Ahmed1*

...m length, stem girth, number of leaves plant-1 leaf length, leaf width, leaf type, leaf apex, leaf base, leaf shape, distance between nodes, pedicel length, flower colour, and flower diameter. Tea samples were analyzed for anatomical parameters such as epidermis cells, mesophyll cells and epidermal anatomy of leaves. The stem length, stem girth, number of leaves plant-1, leaf width, leaf length, distance between node, pedice...

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1*, Ali Zachi Abdul Qadeer Alhilifi2, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Tehniyat Naz Shah3 and Touseef Ahmed1

...nd on D2. The maximum number of egg masses 23.11± 2.5 with the highest fecundity of 1758.61± 245.9 eggs was noted on D3. The impact of larval and pupal body weight on adult’s oviposition of S. frugiperda  was correlated (larva r2=-0.84 & pupa r2=-0.79) that showed a negative with non-significant difference (P>0.05). Thus, based on the findings in the present study, it is concluded that D2 (chickpea flour) was much appropriate fo...

Sidra Hafeez1, Tayyaba Sanaullah2, Hafsa Naeem3, Mah Noor Hassan4, Muttalib5, Farhana Kausar6, Muhammad Salman Hameed7*, Muhammad Anayat Ullah8, Abdul Samad9, Memoona Bashir10 and Sadaf Shabbir11

...alue containing large number of active compounds like carotenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids and necessary for food security against disease causing agents like bacteria, fungi etc. Black rot is a serious disease in pumpkin caused by fungus (Didymella bryoniae) and damaged fruit with the symptoms of dark brown lesions but causal organism identification through DNA is still unknown. We collected infected leaf from C. pepp from the vicinity of The University of A...

Hafsa Saeed, Soumble Zulfiqar, Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan and Abdul Rauf Shakoori*

...al resistance in some members of Enterobacteriaceae. However, its role has not yet been explored in K. pneumoniae. This study focused on molecular characterization of ZntR, a transcriptional regulator of znt operon. The minimum inhibitory concentration of zinc, lead and cadmium were 10, 10 and 4 mM, respectively against K. pneumoniae KW. The strain also exhibited metal uptake and storage ability. Having amplified and cloned zntR gene, expressed and purified Zn...

Adeel Kazam1, Safdar Sidra2, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Rida Ahmad1,3, Ahmad Bilal1 and Aliza Batool1,3

...d (interviews) from December 2020 to May 2021. In total, 139 avian species of 27,450 individuals were recorded at study sites. Results revealed that the species richness was maximum at Uchalli (133), followed by Khabbaki (92), Jahlar (88), and Ahmedabad lake (79). The Shannon Weiner index and Simpson index values for Jahlar lake, Uchalli lake, Khabbaki lake, and Ahmedabad lake were (2.99, 0.90), (2.32, 0.82), (2.26, 0.66) and (1.72, 0.51) respectively. The omn...

Nazia Suleman* and Asia Riaz 

...lus sexmaculatus, the number of days the beetles survived was significantly higher on live aphids (Mean= 106.54 days) and was minimum on soaked raisins (Mean= 67.21 days). Among different diets, the fecundity of both beetle species was maximum on live aphids (M. sexmaculatus, mean = 32.4; C. septempunctata, Mean = 42.4). The females of zigzag ladybird produced least number of eggs when given either frozen aphids or frozen eg...

Khansa Jamil1, Muhammad Ramzan Khan1, Asad Jan2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali1

...e extract of Caralluma tuberculata stem was used to examine its antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening. Antibacterial assay was carried out by well diffusion method. A maximum number of compounds were eluted by methanolic extract by thin-layer chromatography and a total of 70 compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. The phytochemical screening showed that the methanolic extract of the whole plant was rich in ...

Nusirat Aderinsola Sadiku1, Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi2* and Tesleem Taye  Bello

...her (P< 0.05) mean number of leaves, plant height and yield compared to the untreated control. In addition, BPL at 400 mg/ml had substantially higher nematicidal effects on both the soil and root population of nematodes of L. sativa and compared favourably with the carbofuran treatments. We concluded that BPL could serve as a very potent eco-friendly alternative to synthetic nematicides in managing M. incognita of lettuce.

...

Yu Song1*, Yueping Wei2 and Peng Wang3

...nd HS had the largest number of species and strongest metabolic function potentials. Overall, the findings in this study provide valuable information for maintaining soil ecosystem balance and provide theoretical guidance for the practical application of this co-culture system.

...

Ashfaq Hussain1, Javed Khan2, Ammara Blouch3, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Ashraf Khan4,5* and Zaheer Sikandar6

...ncy, the maximum mean number of aphids (479.6) were consumed by larvae while the minimum mean number of aphids (36.8) were consumed by 1st larva instar. Female beetle was recorded with a maximum mean number of aphids (2561) consumption as compared to male beetles (1921). Furthermore, the apparent mortality was highest at egg stage, making it the most vulnerable stage in the beetle’s ...

Nguyen Huu Van1*, Nguyen Thi Mui1, Dinh Van Dung1, Van Ngoc Phong1, Tran Ngoc Long1, Le Tran Hoan1, Le Duc Thao1, Vo Thi Minh Tam1, Ngo Mau Dung1, Bui Van Loi1, Nguyen Xuan Ba1, Ton Nu Minh Thi2, Nishino Naoki2

...y of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased. There were no significant differences in pH values, ammonia and VFA concentrations in rumen fluid between treatments before and 4h after feeding. The pH values remained in critical rumen pH range of 6.0-7.0 for optimum microbial growth and nutrient utilization. Hence, this study demonstrated that increasing concentrate levels in the diets for Phan Rang sheep up to 2.25% or 3.0% of live weight increased DGW, carcass...

Wei Wan1, Xiao-Li Wang1, Shu-Juan Wang2, Qin Si2 and Li-Qing Duan1*

...pest that infests of wolfberry. To screen biodegradable and safe insecticides, 12 representative monoterpenoids in essential oils were evaluated for their acute toxicity, synergistic or antagonistic effects on adult P. sinica. The modified residual film method was used to test the toxicity of individual and binary mixture of these monoterpenoids against adult P. sinica. The effects of these monoterpenoids on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transf...
Moustafa A. Zaghloul1*, Mohamed F. Azooz1, Saleh E. Ali1*, Heba M. Soliman1, Maha M. Sayed1, Mohamed H. Kafafy2 and Alaa R. Morsy1
... bind to the greatest number of MHC Ialleles and passed the antigenicity, allergenicity and toxicity tests. This study shows how important disease surveillance is and how important it is to figure out where the disease came from, how far it spread, how it gets around and how to control it. Overall, the study showed that the novel chimeric LSD-based vaccination can elicit both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses making it a reliable model for future in v...
Amany M. Reyad1*, Aya Maher Rabie1, Reda Mohamed Taha1 and Khalid El-Dougdoug2
...gn: justify;">C), the number falls over time until reaching 72 hours for all bacterial species. The results obtained showed a significant reduction in the bacterial count of E. coli, Staph. aureus, and K. pneumoniae, indicating th...

Abdul Aziz1,2, Hamad Bin Rashid1*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Ayesha Hassan1, Hamid Akbar1, Sadaf Imran1, Naveed Hussain1, Muhammad Umar1, Muhammad Asif1, Sajjad Javaid1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3

...ing Neubauer’s chamber. The average cell yield per microliter was 2.992±1.527 x 104 cells/µl. SVF per gram of adipose tissues was 2.992±1.527 x 106 cells/g, percentage of viability was 97.98± 0.31%, while non-viable cell count was 2.02± 0.31%. It is concluded that enzymatic digestion is an easy technique requiring less time for SVF isolation and gives better cell yield per gram. SVF preparation process has advantages of ...

Oghenebrorhie M. Oghenochuko1,4*, Olubukola T. Adenubi3, Olusola L. Ajayi3, Fakilahyel M. Mshelbwala3, Johnny O. Olukunle3, Samson A. Rahman3 and Godfrey N.O. Ezeri2

...protein (4.48%), crude fiber (1.68%), iron (0.5mg/l), magnesium (210mg/l), flavonoids (0.46%), saponins (0.28%), tannins (0.95%). PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC were increased in all treatments but values were higher in bath treatment for RBC (3.0×1012/L), PCV (32.7%), Hb (10.7%). MCV, MCH and MCHC showed similar trend. Similar trends as in RBC and WBC were observed in total proteins. Liver and kidney functionality as expressed by ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine and BUN...
Haigang Wu1,2, Bingjie Ma1, Jinni Liu1, Fei Zhang3, Kaiwei Deng1 and Hualing Gong1,2*
...d the Fabaceae family members Radix astragali and Sophora flavescens as well as dandelion, pine needle powder, marigold, rosemary, Shenqu (a leavened mixture) and Gardenia jasminoides. Our study groups included 2000 healthy 350 days old laying hens that were randomly divided into 4 groups and standard feed was supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 1.5 % additive. The average laying rates for the test groups increased by 0.65, 1.68 and 0.54 %, respectively ...

Franciscus Rudi Prasetyo Hantoro1,2,*, Dwi Sunarti1, Turrini Yudiarti1, Sri Sumarsih1, Rini Nurhayati2 

...on the blood profile, number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coliforms in the cecum, weight of the bursa fabricius and spleen, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), number of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) antibodies, increase in body weight, and feed efficiency. High stocking density has a significant impact on increasing the number of LAB and coliforms in the ileum, reducing the weight of th...

Khalid Ali Khan1,2,3* and Hamed A. Ghramh1,2,4

... is mainly focused in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, central and northern regions of Punjab provinces but nowadays it is growing rapidly across the country. Three native species of honey bees including Apis dorsata, A. florea, and A. cerana whereas one exotic species A. mellifera are present in Pakistan. Honey produced in Pakistan enjoys good repute in the Middle East due to its unique taste and quality. Pakistan exports around 4,000 tons of honey with a worth of about $...
Suneela, Sajida Mushtaq*, Sadia Maalik, Asma Waheed Qureshi and Moazama Batool
...fers to estimation of number of species that are present in that ecosystem. In an interrelated ecosystem, different species of insects perform different functions; act as pollinators, recycle nutrients, water and energy in many ways. In this kind of mutually dependent systems, the loss of even single species can affect the entire system very severely. Therefore, diversity estimation of insects help in conservation of insect fauna and stabilization of ecosystem...
Muhammad Fiaz Qamar1*, Tahir Hussain1, Iram Liaqat2, Madiha Kiran1, Abdur Rahman Ansari3, Faiza Yasmeen1 and Tahira Batool3
...lumba livia), the members of Columbidae family are domesticated all around the globe in the villages, towns and cities. Jhang is a distant and underdeveloped district of Punjab province, Pakistan. The purpose of the present study was the determination of the prevalence of gut parasites in domestic pigeons through routine laboratory methods in district Jhang. Fresh fecal samples (n = 1800) of pigeons were gathered in plastic bags from district Jhang ...

Rahmat Elahi1, Gulnaz Parveen1*, Nazara1, Faryal Ali2, Nain Tara3 and Saba Iqbal1

...niversity of Swabi in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to explore the management of seed-borne fungi in maize using castor oil treatment. The study involved collecting and analyzing seeds of various maize varieties such as yellow, blue, white, waxy, and hybrid, sourced from Buner district in KP. Through blotter test and agar plate methods, a total of eight different species of fungi were isolated from five different maize varieties. In the blotter test method, on...

Adnan I Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa Ali3 and Anwer T Gaffoori2

...ultural projects. The number is (235) respondents distributed among (5) agricultural divisions, the descriptive approach was used as a method to achieve the objectives of the research. A questionnaire was prepared to collect study data if it included two main axes. The first axis included (8) fields of developing and developing the capabilities of rural women by (50) paragraphs. The second axis included the determinants that hinder Work in agricultural project...

M. Azalou1,3*, C. C. Kpomasse1, A. S. Assani3,4, I. T. Alkoiret3,4, Wéré Pitala1,2  

... method and the total number of birds varied between rearing groups (p<0.05). The identification of these animals through their size and silhouette was more noticeable in Group 3 (58.62%) than in Groups 1 (46.34%) and 2 (50%). The production objective of all farmers was the production of meat for consumption. All geese farmers face almost the same difficulties, such as diseases, mortality, theft, and predators. Goose farming in northern Benin was therefore ...
Elamien***, Mohammed; Kotob**, Nahla S.; Elsayed*, Eltayeb A.; Ragab, Yasser M. and Mourad, Fathia E.
...ll line and using the Karber's Formula. All topV (type 1, 2 and 3) samples were found to be potent, within World Health Organization (WHO) normal limits. However, type-3 poliovirus in most of the bOPV (type 1 and 3) samples showed a titer lower than the WHO normal limits although all samples have at least grade Il VVMs. These data indicate that type-3 poliovirus in case of bOPV needs more investigations in spite of cold chain and grade Il VVM appear to be effi...

Zaghloull , A.H.; Mahmoud2, Amal; Hassanl , H.Y.; Hemeida2, A.A.; Nayell , M. A. and Zaghawal , A.A.

Mansour, Abeer E.M.; Khodeir, M.H. and Hussein, A.M.H.•

...ed the available cell number for virus replication. There will be a need to more research to investigate the effect of CaC12 and MSG on the immune response of vaccinated animals with FMD vaccine including such materials and their effect on the vaccine stability.

...

Elbeshehy, E. K.F. and Sallaml, A.A.A.

...xt-align: justify;">Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was isolated from naturally infected cucumber plants Cucumis sativus L. grown in various garden and greenhouses of Ismailia Governorate, Egypt exhibiting systemic mosaic, blistering, fruit malformation and stunted plant growth and identified by biological, serological and molecular analysis. The isolated virus gave positive reaction with CMV antiserum but not with antibodies of...

El-Dougdoug2, Kh.A; Ghalyl, M.F. and Tahal , M.A.

...bility to control a Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). In the 1st experiment, One half of leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor were treated with culture filtrate (CF) followed by CMV inoculation on both halves. In the 2nd experiment, The first pair of Cucumis sativus leaves were teated CF with CMV mechanically inoculated onto one leaf, the other non-treated leaf was CMV inoculated after 7 days of treatment. In 1 st experiment, CF treatment was able to considerably re...

Mahdyl , A.M.M.; Hafezl , M.A.; EL-Dougdoug2, Kh. A.; Fawzyl , R.N. and Shahwanl , Eman S.M.•

...omato plant against Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), salicylic acid (SA) activities were determined in the inoculated and non-inoculated tomato plants. Identify of CMV was confirmed by some differential hosts and dot blot immunoassay (DBIA) using polyclonal antibody specific CMV. Water extracts of Mirabilis jalapa, Clerodendrum inerme and Kombucha as antiviral to control the virus infection and detection systemic acquired resistance (SAR) Were Studied. SAR w...

El-Dougdoug, Kh.A.; Rezk , A.A.; Dawoud, Rehab A. and Sofy, A.R.

...hemum plants. It is a member of Pospiviroidae. In order to study the structure of CSVd-EG, it was reverse transcribed in total RNA from infected leaves and then amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Pospiviroid-CCR specific primers. Purified gel RT-PCR product (⁓199) was cloned into the PCR Il TOPOvector then it was sequenced. Partial sequence 199 bp of CSVdEG is almost identical to that of the prototype 199 bp Canada and USA isolates of CSVd wi...

Nasr-Eldin1 , M. A.; El-Dougdoug2, K. A.; Othman2, B. Ahmedi , Sabah A, and Abdcl-Azizl , S. Il.

...d), and Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) can be detected in naturally infected grapevine by biological indexing and molecular methods. In the present study, direct tissue-printing and dot-blot on the membranes, procedures has been applied on a large scale for an initial screening of HSVd, CEVd and PSTVd in Egypt. The results showed that the tissue print assays allowed clear discrimination between healthy and viroid-infected grapevine plants than dot-blot hy...

Khamiss l , Omaima; El Helaly , Alexandra and Abol Ela 3, Said

...reatment reduced cell number 30 minutes to 24 hours post application. The concentrations of 104, 10-5 and 10-7 PEG which '.vere selected by the screening test were the most effective concentrations on increasing cell numbers respectively but the concentration of 104 was the most effective comparing with the untreated control. All concentrations from 10-3 to I o-9 supported cell growth rate more than control non-treated cells...
Mohamedl , Shimaa D.; Ghareeb2, A.; El-Dougdoug , K. A. and Bekheitl , H.K.
...: justify;">The potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella is a potato major pest in Egypt. Larvae of P.operculella were inoculated with a granulosis virus (PoGP) showed different cytopathic effects . PoGV induced characteristic symptoms of slow motion, white milky appearance and swilling of the body. Light micrograph of PoGV infected larvae figured out several histological changes. It was found that the midgut epithelial cells were the main targets of the viru...

Zein Salwa N; Abd El-khalik, Samaa; Khatab  , Eman A.A.H and Azzam4,Clara R.

...er all other factors. Number of leaves differed significantly according to the used cultivars, gamma ray doses and T&W-S. The highest number of leaves were found during M2 generation, The differences in head diameter between cultivars were significant. The highest head diameter was observed in Giza 102 (21.7cm) in M1 generation, followed by 20.2 and 20.0 cm for Giza 102 genotype developed through irradiation with 300 Gy ...

*El-Helaly, Sahar H.; ** Ahmed, Amal A.; * Awad, M.A. and ** Soliman, A.M.'

...fected potato (Solanum tuberosum, L. cv. Spunta) plants, showing bright yellow blotching or mottling «Calico» and aucuba symptoms suspected to be due to virus infection. Leaf samples were collected from different localities in Minufyia Governorate, Egypt. AMV was readily mechanically inoculated by sap extracted from infected potato leaves to host plants (bioassay). The identity of AMV isolate was confirmed by sequence analysis of their coat protein...

Ahmed, Amal A. and Fath-Allah, Mervat M.

...xt-align: justify;">Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) and Plum pox virus(PPV) (Sharka) were isolated from naturally infected apricot (Prunus armeniaca cv. ElAmar) trees showing leaf mottling, marginal leaf necrosis deformation and abortive flowers grown at Kalubia and el-Fayoum Governorates, Egypt. The identities of the two viruses were confirmed serologically using DASELISA. Graft inoculation of diseased apricot scion onto healthy one showed the same symptoms as tho...
Mazharul A. M. 1, Md. S. Sarwar ,M. Nurullah 2, Keshab K. Adhikary I and M. Rahmatullah 1 
 
... viral fevers. Stemona tuberosa was used in case of measles. Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica were used to treat chicken pox. Three plants, namely Cyathula prostrata, Amaranthus spinosus. and Calotropis procera were used to treat patients with rabies.
...

Hussein, HA; sultan, HA. Al Deeb AH and AA. El-Sanousi

...served starting from October 2007 and continued for 3 months until control measures have been taken in such farms. besides multiple vaccination during this period were applied using Reassortant H5N1 and 6 types Of H5N2 vaccines. In the present study, 9922 serum samples were collected from vaccinated chickens including some broiler breeders and commercial layers from the period Of December 2006 to February 2008 and tested for...

Madbouly, H.M; Orkhan, M.H**; Nagwa El-khoty

...within few weeks. The number of confirmed farm cases was 840 farms (layers 327, Broilers 164, Balady 1 17, Saso 86, parents 84, turkeys 32, ducks 29 and grand parents l) and those of rural birds was 129 (home birds 1 19, wild birds 5, abattoir 3, shops sales live birds l, migratory bird l) from February to June 2006. The clinical picture of the disease were observed in infected birds that reared in farms and those of backyards (most of domestic birds) , or sol...

Arafa, A.; Kanawaty, Z.; Abdclwhab. E. M.; Hassan, M.K.; and Aly M.M.

... the surveillance in October, 2007. Also this study highlights the need for continuous active surveillance of poultry especially in areas with high risk of exposure to migratory birds and wetlands and to monitor the presence of avian influenza viruses especially H5 and H7 which are known to threaten the domestic poultry.

...

Eman, M. Abd El-Mottaleb.*; Ahmed, S.A."; Maysa, H.M.*; Salem, S.A.* and M. M. El-Shenawy

...ntracytoplasmic small number of bullet shape particles.
Virological and pathological results were discussed.
...

Sahar A. Youssef I and A. A. Shalaby 

...actions for the sarne number of tests. Using this method, jnany samples can be simultaneously analyzed and it can be used routinely för sanitary and cettification prograrnmes.
...
El-Dougdoug, Kh.A. t , S.A. Ghaza12 , A.A. Mousa2, H. Fahmyj and A.R. sofy2 
...amp; Ps65) where base number of coat protein gene ARC isolate 571 bp; TB isolate 529 bp and TN isolate 546 bp.

...

Sabry Y. M. Mahmoud; Maher H. Hosseny and Mamdouh H. Abdel-Ghaffar

...ion of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants is very important due to their effect on potato yield and degeneration of seed tubers. This study aimed to eliminate potato virus Y (PVY) by tissue culture technique using different therapies, such as thermo-, chemo- and electrotherapies. Potato plants cv. Diamond cultivated at Faculty of Agriculture farm, Sohag University were tested by direct antigen coatingenzyme linked immunoso...

Amina A. II. and M.K. Amin

...observed. The average number of turbid plaques was 2.52 x 109 pfu/ml whereas of clear plaques was 9.96 x 107 pfu/n) l. The phage was able to lysis 13 out of 20 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, this result shows that phage PAI has a broad host range. The phage was able to lysogenized three strains (PAOI, PU21. MAM2) and was also able to release spontaneously from these lysogenic strains. The phage particles which released spontaneously from lysogens were used...

* Amal Abou El-Ela, A.

...l lesions formed on cucumber cotyledon. Identification of this virus was based on host range, properties in crude sap, transmissibility, and serological tests. PNRSV was able to infect only 12 plant species and varieties from 19 by grafting or mechanical inoculation, it has a limited range of experimental hosts. The dilution end-point of infectivity was 10-3, the thermal inactivation point was 540C, and longevity in vitro was of 10-14 h at 250C. PNRSV was dete...

A. E. Aboul-Ata, Mohga, M. El-Tahlawey, M. A. Amer and A.M. Mandour

...is higher parallel to number of insects allowed to acquire the virus. FBNYV is transmitted by Nymphal Stage more than adult Stage (78.7% and 34.3% respectively). FBNYV is being able to be acquired by A. craccivora insects after 4-day post-inoculation period. The virus is not being able to be transmitted throughout newly hatched nymphs without acquiring virus. 

...

M.A. Abo-EInasr l, Kh.A. EL-Dougdougl, M.H. El-Kattan2 and L.A. Salem2

...could be induced in cucumber plants using different concentrations of seven nutrient chemicals against Zucchini yellow mosaic Potyvirus (ZYMV). These chemicals were. Potassium sulfate, Magnesium sulfate, Ammonium sulfate, Chelated iron, Chelated zinc, Chelated manganese, and salicylic acid. SAR was determined via disease severity. virus concentration and some biochemical changes i.e., the high level of endogenous salicylic acid, proteins related to inducers an...

E.F. Mohamed1 and I.M. Sabra2

... The effectiveness of gibberellic acid (GA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) against Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) in vitro and in vivo has been evaluated. GA and IAA reduced in vitro and in vivo the infectivity of ToMV to a certain extent expressed as the number or local lesions induced by ToMV on Nicotiana sylvestris. This reduction increased gradually by increasing GA and IAA concentrations. ToMV inhibition percentages induced b...

M. Osman1, Kh. El-Dougdoug2, E. T. Abd El-Salam3, R.M. Taha4 and R.M. El-Hamidl

...ify;">An isolate of Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) infected cucumber plants was detected by DAS-ELISA and confinned by inoculation of Chenopodium amaranticolor. CMV-isolate was propagated on squash plants var. Eskandarani. After 15 days. systemic symptoms appeared in the newly formed leaves in the form of vein banding, severe mosaic, yellowing, malformation, and leaves wilting. Histopathological studies of CMV-infected sq...

Hanaa H.A.Gomaa1, A. F. Moustafal, Kh.A.El-Dougdoug2, A.A. Abou-Zeid3 and S. Y.M. Mahmoud4

...atter, total nitrogen, tuber Starch, number of starch granules, and total protein. The nucleic acid content of infected plants increased than healthy ones. The investigated hydrolytic enzymes of amylase and protease were reduced in infected potato plants while the level of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase was increased. PVX and PVY infected potato plants contained less auxins and gibberel...

Anak Agung Ayu Sri Trisnadewi*, I Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra

... as the main source of fiber for ruminants. The research aimed to obtain a ration formulation through the use of elephant grass silage, corn straw silage, and concentrate for etawa crossbreed goats. The experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments and each treatment was repeated four times, so there were 16 experimental units. The four treatments were: A = silage with 0% corn straw silage + 60% elephant grass silage + 40% concentrate; B...

Makmun1, Imam Mujahidin Fahmid2, Muhammad Saleh S. Ali2*, Muhammad Yamin Saud2, Rahmadanih3

...al causes of the vast number of farmers’ business players in Blitar Regency. The large-scale accessibility of production elements is another consideration. The actors operate their livestock company independently or in cooperation, and it has since evolved into a hereditary enterprise (inherited and sustained). The rise in feed prices and the fall in egg prices have significantly impacted small and medium-sized farms, driving many into bankruptcy. Farmer...

Luthfiralda Sjahfirdi1*, Lisa Nurfalah1, Deanvi Fahira Wisnuputri1, Entang Iskandar2

... to 05:00 WIB from September to November 2015. Feces were collected during the observation period and the levels of E1C and PdG were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results showed that the average percentage of behavior observations (K2 and K5), namely was behavior moving 61%, unseen 15%, resting 8%, social behavior 8%, autogrooming 5%, feeding 4%, and reproductive behavior (1%). The presence of re...

Firda Dimawarnita1*, Edwina Gabriela Tesalonika Mustamu2, Yora Faramitha1, Haryo Tejo Prakoso1, Wildan Aulia Noorsy1, Komang Gede Wiryawan2

...stibility (DMD), crude fiber digestibility (CFD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), methane gas production, fulvic acid content, and bacterial population. The results indicated that the treatment did not have a significant effect on DMD, OMD, pH, NH3 concentration, methane gas, and bacterial populations. Treatment showed a significant result (P<0.05) on total VFA. The contents of fulvic acid in raw and delignified EFB, both unfermented and fermented using...

M. Tariq Mushtaq1, Faisal Manzoor1, M. Ishtiaq1*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Muqarrab Ali2, M. Akram3, M. Rafiq Shahid3 and Saleem Riaz1

... an important cash and fiber crop of Pakistan. Cotton sucking insect pests cause major losses in yield of this crop. Chemical insecticides due to their quick mode of action are considered as the most effective way among the farmers for controlling these insect pests. Present study was designed to evaluate the compatibility of different insecticide mixtures against sucking insect pests i.e., whitefly and jassid. Compatibility of four insecticides combinations i...

Ahmed Kadhim Munahi1* , Hameed A. Al-Timmemi2 

... of regenerative nerve fibers in white matter, increased number of regenerative neuron cells in grey matter, increased angiogenesis, and minimal scar tissue formation at the injured spinal cord site. In conclusion and based on clinical and histological data, chitosan nanoparticles could accelerate and promote regeneration of the injured spinal cord.  

...
Yongke Zhu1,2, Yun Fang1, Songhua Tang1, Yuan Gu3, Jinming Zhao4, Wolfgang Scherzinger5 and Yue-Hua Sun1*
...lusmn; 0.64. The mean number of fledglings was 1.25 ± 0.31 per nesting attempt and 2.07 ± 0.38 per successful brood. Nestling period lasted 35.75 ± 2.80 days in total, but was divided in two stages: in the first stage, which lasted 16.75 ± 1.48 days, the female stood in the breeding hole with its nestlings. In the second stage, which lasted 17 ± 4.34 days until the fledglings left their nest, the female stood outside the hole...
Saliha Bashir*, Muhammad Shafique, Muhammad Shahzad, Muhammad Sohail Anjum and Ahmad Ali Shahid
...eatures in Punjab and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan. Digital images of eyes and skin were examined by investigators to determine color using Fitzpatrick Phototype Scale. Similarly, iris patterns were characterized by Edward iris feature software and association studies were conducted through SPSS program. Intermediate eye color was frequent in KPK (44%) while brown was higher in Punjab (47%). Contrarily, light to medium brown skin color was rec...

Muhammad Talha Sajjad1, Hamid Akbar1*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Muhammad Abid Hayat4 and Ghulam Mustafa2

...helialization and the number of fibroblasts were assessed by cytokeratin staining. All data were statistically analyzed. We observed that PRP-wounds had highly significantly (P<0.01) increased levels of neovascularization on days 14 and 28 than control wounds. PRP-wounds had highly significant (P<0.01) increases in re-epithelialization levels and fibroblast numbers at days 14 and 28 than control wounds. In conclusion, ...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar* and Jawad Hussain

...ls can be tricked by deliberate manipulation of data. It has been shown how image disruptions that the human eye interprets as slight changes can cause an AI tool to incorrectly show a tabby cat image as more likely to be guacamole. Although this is a humorous example, it raises a very important question regarding what happens if the self-driving car’s camera is covered, causing the system to misinterpret blurry images of pedestrians. Expanding the use o...

Sarah G. Yousef1*, Ahmed Shehta2, Hend M. El Damaty1 and Hussein A. Elsheikh3

...erium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is regarded as a potential public health issue and a significant threat to the dairy and agricultural food businesses. This study was conducted for the molecular investigation of MAP in cattle reared for small-scale dairy production in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Seventy-five fecal samples were collected from diarrheic and healthy dairy cows that came into contact with diarrheic ones for molecular screening. Clinicall...
Asad Ullah1, Hayat Ullah2, Muhammad Lateef3, Imrana Niaz Sultan4, Afrasiab Khan Tareen4 and Muhammad Waseem Khan4,5*
..."text-align: justify;">Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major global public health concerns particularly affecting population of low-income countries. Early detection of disease coupled with other parameters help in treatment and reducing disease transmission. The current study was conducted to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid Sunnyvale, CA, United States) in comparison to conventional techniques used for the diagnosis of...

Kouengoua Kouengoua Armelle Prudence1*, Yessinou Roland2, Nankam Chimi Roland1, Fotsac Dzousse Muller1, Kouam Alain1, Djuikwo Felicite1, Facho Balaam1, Awah Ndukum Julius3, Farougou Souaibou2 

...>  

...

Vladimir Vasilievich Shimalov  

...ical dissections. The number of common shrews on drainage channel banks was 3.18 individuals per 100 trap-days. Infection with helminths was 98.4 %. 28 species of helminths were found (8 Trematoda, 10 Cestoda and 10 Nematoda). Cestodes Monocercus arionis (Siebold, 1850) and Neoskrjabinolepis singularis (Cholodkowsky, 1912) dominated the infection. The trematode Prosolecithus danubica Tkach et Bray, 1995 found in the common shrew is a new species of helminths i...

Faisal Alsaaq

...exhibited the highest number of species (16), followed by Scaridae (13). Overall, the assessment revealed the healthy nature of the Al-Wajh region in terms of fish stock, providing valuable insights for conservation and management efforts.

...

Julieta M Lopez-Martinez and Imran Ahmad*

...otein, high content of fiber and micronutrients such as iron and calcium. Furthermore, amaranth seeds are a good source of phytochemical compounds with health-promoting effects such as squalene, phytosterols, and polyphenols. Amaranth seeds have gained popularity in recent years due to their perceived health benefits and dubbed as superfood. The food industry is formulating new products adding amaranth to cereal-based food and gluten-free products such as brea...

Seyed Ahmed Reza Hashemi1, Teymour Aminrad1, Asadullah Ali Muhammad2*, Mastooreh Doustdar3 and Parastoo Mohebi Derakhsh3

...an) by sampling sea cucumbers at nine sites from March 2018 to March 2019. The sites included Aliabady, Ramin, Beries, Gurdium, Kachoo, Beries plane, Tis, Pasabandar and Pozm. 125 female and 121 male specimens were measured for total length and total weight, with mean ± standard deviation of 28 ± 4 (21 - 33) cm for males and 25 ± 6 (14 - 39) cm for females, and 421 ± 128 (191 - 770) g and 365 ± 231 (116 - 776) g, individually...

Riskayanti Riskayanti1, Hikmah Hikmah2*, Muhammad Irfan Said2, Nahariah Nahariah2 

...ut are poor in dietary fiber and antioxidant activity. The lack of vegetables is one of the weaknesses of nugget products. Therefore, diversification of processed chicken nugget products with the addition of vegetables is needed. This research aimed to analyze the effect of cooking treatment and vegetable addition level on antioxidant activity, dietary fiber, pH and cooking loss of chicken nuggets. The research design cons...

Aalaa S. Saad1*, Taghreed H. A. Ali2, Nayerah Alatfeehy3, Dalia Elmasry4 

...dborne pathogens. The number of Listeria monocytogenes outbreaks caused by eating food is increasing worldwide, and people are increasingly looking for natural ways to stop the development of L. monocytogenes. In this context, propolis, a natural substance produced by bees, looks like an attractive option owing to its antibacterial action against many pathogens in food. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of propolis extract (PE) and propolis na...

Abdul Hassan1*, Shahnaz Akhtar1 and Muhammad Ishaq2

...ultural households in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study used multinomial logit model for determining the connection amongst livelihood asset and livelihood strategies. Average index value of livelihood asset was 0.297 in the area, that indicates the disadvantageous nature in livelihood asset of agricultural households, uncovering the subtle living standard of agricultural households and lacking prospects of economic development. The research findings rev...

Alveena Izhar1*, Basit Ullah2, Rabia Asghar1, Aqeel Ahmad1 and Hassam Bin Mujahid1

...plant height (65 cm), number of pods plant-1 (187), pod length (7.9 cm), pod diameter (3.70 mm), seed pod-1 (8), 1000 seed weight (22.6 g), seed yield plot-1 (25.8 g), seed yield (170.5 kg ha-1) and seed germination viability (97.8) with less number of days to 50% flowering (32) were noted in the plants supplied with phosphorus at the rate of 100 kg ha-1, while the minimum were observed in the control plots. Steckling size a...

Ram Prasad Ghimire

...7%), neutral detergent fiber (52.48±6.0%) and acid detergent fiber (39.29±4.18%) and for the body weight gain of goats (5.35±0.51 kg goat-1 in 120 days) among the investigated five browse species. However, fodders of all the evaluated browse species were inferior in nutrient compositions with less digestible nutrients and contributed to the poorer body weight gain of male goats in comparison to the mixed...

Pedro Nunes1*, José Teixeira1,2, José Luís Mourão1,2,3, Divanildo Monteiro1,2,3, Victor Pinheiro1,2,3

...ive sources of dietary fiber, thereby expanding the potential applications of these by-products. This study aimed to assess the effects of incorporating Exhausted Olive Cake (EOC) into commercial rabbit diets on zootechnical performance, carcass characteristics, and visceral development. To achieve this, a total of 60 hybrid rabbits (New Zealand x Californian) were employed. Three distinct diets were formulated, progressively substituting alfalfa with EOC at l...

Theresia Nur Indah Koni*, Yeria Banoet, Welhelmina Wahon, Cytske Sabuna, Melkianus Dedimus Same Randu, Yanse Yane Rumlaklak, Tri Anggarini Yuniwati Foenay

...nd decreased the crude fiber and tannins of banana peels. The level of fermented banana peels had a significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight gain, feed intake but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed conversion. Body weight gain and feed intake of crossbred native chickens up to eight weeks of age, fed banana peels up to 20% were not significantly different (P<0.05) with control diet.
 
Keywords | Banana peel, Ferm...

Nasir Shah1,4, Muhammad Ibrahim1*, Zarnosh Habib2, Kalsoom3 and Zahir Shah4

...rence in reducing the number of oviposition, pupae developed, flies settled and post settling reproduction. There was inverse response of peach fruit flies to increasing concentration of plant extracts. Minimum significant number of fruit flies (0.58) settled after 18 h, reaching to its peak (1.73) after 42 h showing a decreasing trend subsequently. Hence, all the plants exhibited insecticidal potential and resulted in reduc...
Rahmat Ullah Khan*1, Karim Gabol1, Abbas Khan1, Asif Sadam2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Hamid Ullah5, Muhsin Ali4, Gul Bacha Khan4 and Habib Ul Hassan1
...mon birds with higher numbers were Indian black-winged stilt (375) followed by great egret (180), western reef egret (75), house sparrow (72), little egret (60), house crow (55), common myna (43), white eared bulbul (40) and greater sand plover (40). In the Gharo Creek area significantly (P<0.05) higher diversity was recorded as compared to the Scrubland forest area and Bhambor (Terrestrial) Fort area. However, threats responsible for the decline of biodive...

Aimal Zeb1, Abdur Rauf1*, Nabila Bano2, Muhammad Qayash3, Muhammad Yasin4, Ikramullah Khan1, Syed Abidullah1, Wisal Khan5, Muhammad Asmat Ullah2, Abdul Ghaffar Khan6 and Samrin Gul

...d traits. The maximum number of green leaves (28), was produced by PVH-2324 at first picking, while PVH-1600 showed the maximum number of leaves (22), leaf area (1241cm2), green leaves (29.3 Kg) and cured leaves weights per plot (4.6 Kg). Furthermore, PVH-1600 and K-399 showed the maximum mean values for green leaves (0.97 Kg) and cured leaves (0.227 Kg) weights respectively. The tallest plant was identified as PVH-2324 (136...

Nguyen Binh Truong1,3*, Nguyen Ba Trung1,3, Nguyen Thi Bich Hạnh2,3

...s of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and weight gain. The NDF levels used in the experiment were 43, 47, 51 and 55 (% dry matter intake) corresponding to NDF43, NDF47, NDF51 and NDF55 treatments. Dry matter intake per body weight of NDF43 (2.40%) treatments tended to (P>0.05) high compared to the NDF47 (2.20%), NDF51 (2.22%) and NDF55 (2.16%) treatments. Total metabolism energy inclined to decrease (P>0.05) from NDF43...

Kadhim Kh. K. Al-Khayat1*, Athmar K. A. Al-Azawi2

...k under the accession numbers (LC731847.1, LC731848.1 and LC731849.1) for NAD1 gene are 100% identical to the China isolate (JN870149.1), while less identically (97.15 - 99.47%) to Australia and Poland isolates, and OP274120.1, OP277616.1 and OP277618.1 for the COX1 gene the matching between 99.56% -100% for China, Portugal and Poland. Finally, this is the first genetic investigation for the identification  of local  C. pisiformis, which has revealed...

Shakir Ullah1*, Lubna Shakir2, Ghani Subhan3 and Mohammad Sohail4

...ull stage reduced the number of pods plant-1 by 38.4% and 26.0%, the weight of pods plant-1 by 23.7% and 53.6%, the number of seeds plant-1 by 29.0% and 28.8%, seeds weight plant-1 by 17.2% and 38.8%, 100-seeds weight by 35.3% and 38.1% for 1488, respectively. Irrigation regimes at the flowering stage decreased the weight of the plant by 57.5% and seed yield by 24.4% and 31.2% for 1448 respectively as compared with the same ...

Riaz Hussain1, Adnan Ihsan2*, Jawad Sarwar2, Nauman Ahmad2, Noor Ullah2, Arbab Luqman2, Muhammad Junaid2 and Hizer Ali2 

... warm season. Various number of insect pests attack on this crop but whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) is one of them. An investigation was carried out at farmar’s field in Malam jaba Swat during Kharif crop 2018 to evaluate the effectiveness of synthetic and botanical insecticides against insect pests of bitter gourd i.e Whitefly Significant differences were observed among all the treatments as compared to untreated plot. Results revealed that Flonicamid ...
Yongtao Xu1, Dandan Wang1, Xiaolong Hu1, Minling Li1, Ming Tang1, Wuhua Liu2, Jianwen Zhan2 and Weiwei Zhang1*
...usly analyze a larger number of samples compared with traditional diet methods. This study assembled basic summer diet data and provided an important accumulation for the protection and monitoring of Taohongling sika deers, which also provides reference for the establishment of local database in the future.

...

Rehana Shahida1, Shagufta Naz1*, Tasnim Farasat1, Saima Sharif1, Shah Jahan2 and Farkhanda Manzoor1

...rom (January 2017 to October 2017) the subjects following WHO criteria of IGT and Diabetes were included. Demographic parameters as age, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, blood pressure, and socioeconomic status were recorded. Proatherogenic parameters like plasma glucose level, serum levels of insulin, thrombomodulin and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. The serum level of thrombomodulin was assessed as a measure of vascular damage. This study showed significantly...

Amina1, Muhammad Zahid Rashid1*, Muhammad Asim Rashid2 and Amina Rashid2

...t characters of new strawberry genotypes reveal their importance for the current and next breeding initiatives. The aim of present research was to assess the plant, flower and fruit characteristics of three exotic strawberry genotypes. In this respect, an experiment was conducted in the research area of the Horticultural Research Institute of Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan during the year of 2019-...

Muhammad Usman1*, Muhammad Uzair Khalid2, Muhammad Hasnain3*, Muhammad Tauseef4, Ali Raza4, Muhammad Akram4, Muhammad Shahid4, Abrar Ahmad4, Muhammad Shoaib Ismail1, Rabia Afzal2, Atta-Ulla2 and Muhammad Hussnain Babar3

...stantial amounts of a number of components which are essential or beneficial for health. However, its production is being reduced day by day due to many issues but one of them is late sowing. Subsequently, it reduces grain filling and also production. This emerging issue can be solved by using the seed priming techniques. An experiment with randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors on area of four-acre land was conducted. Further, four treatment...

Wael Halawa1, Raed M. Al-Atiyat2*, Jamal Abo Omar1, Faisal S. Rashaydeh3, Fath Ullah4, Shakirullah5 and Berkant Ismail Yildiz6

...eriods starting from October 2020 to January 2021. Ewes’ parities were first, second, and third. After lambing, lambs were randomly distributed according to the suckling method into three groups: natural suckling (G1) (39 lambs), lambs fed completely with milk replacer (G2) (29 lambs), and lambs fed milk replacer at a rate of 4 times per day (G3) (29 lambs). In G1, lambs were 59% twins and 41% single lambs. Lambs from first, second, and third parity were...

Hossam F. Abou-Shaara

...sealed brood area and number of bees in yeast group followed by sugar candy and corn flour. Each of corn flour and turmeric affected the survival ability of bee workers negatively unlike yeast and sugar candy. All the feeding types showed approximately the same effect on the ability of bees to tolerate low temperature. Some morphological characteristics (head width, forewing length and width, wax mirror longitudinal and wax mirror transversal) used as indicato...

Jiaojiao Wang, Wei Liu, Qingqian Lin and Jianhua Hou*

... flights affected the number of species and the individual density and diversity of birds. However, different areas were affected to different extents, and three areas on the same side were the most affected. Additionally, we found that the numbers of 14 bird species increased on flight days compared to those on non-flight days. Three bird species, upland buzzard Buteo hemilasius, eastern buzzard Buteo japonicus, and black-c...

Roni Pazla1, Mardiati Zain1*, Fauzia Agustin1, Yetti Marlida1, Zaituni Udin2, Jaswandi2, Masrizal2, Hendri2, Windu Negara3, Totti Tjiptosumirat3, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Multiviza Muslim4

...ance, and the estrous number of Pesisir heifers.
 
Keywords | Crude protein, Estrous, Performance, Pesisir Heifers, TDN
...

Roni Pazla1, Mardiati Zain1*, Fauzia Agustin1, Yetti Marlida1, Zaituni Udin2, Jaswandi2, Masrizal2, Hendri2, Windu Negara3, Totti Tjiptosumirat3, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Multiviza Muslim4

...ance, and the estrous number of Pesisir heifers.
 
Keywords | Crude protein, Estrous, Performance, Pesisir Heifers, TDN
...

Junita Mayasari, Vira Oktavia, Indri Juliyarsi, Ade Sukma, Sri Melia*

 

...ated acid, pH, dietary fiber content, water content, protein content, viscosity, total lactic acid bacteria, and organoleptic tests. The results showed that adding porang flour to fermented goat milk significantly (P<0.05) decreased the total lactic acid bacteria total titrated acid increased the pH value, dietary fiber content, water content, viscosity, texture value, and color value. Still, it had no significant effect ...

Wahid Hussein El-Dabae*, Eman Shafeek Ibrahim, Eslam Gaber Sadek, Mai Mohamed Kandil

...1) (Genbank accession number MW603772) was attenuated by combining passaging with limiting 10-fold dilutions in the allantoic cavity of embryonated hens eggs for 20 passages. The attenuated virus was used to vaccinate 20 SPF chicks and its protective efficacy was checked. Intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) of the attenuated strain was 0.2, the mean death time (MDT) was 120 hours and infectvity titer was 7 log10 EID50/ml compared to 1.97 ICPI, 36 hours MD...

Diding Latipudin*, Chitra Kumalasari, Lovita Adriani

...from 6 August to 6 September 2019. A total of 100 day-old-chick were randomly assigned to five treatments and four replications using Completely Randomized Design. Dried probiotics   used cow’s milk, soybean milk, and mung bean milk in combination with the oven-dry method. Dried probiotics can protect kidney cells from stress and free radicals in late-phase laying hens, which can be demonstrated by normal levels of creatinine, uric acid, and ur...

Aalaa S. Saad1*, Amira A. Elokle2, Dalia Y. Youssef2, Neven M. Omara2, Samr Kassem3

...ctively. As well, the number of viable E. coli O157 in fillets with CS-NPs and CS- LZ-NPs gradually decreased significantly (P<0.05) on chilling than the control. Moreover, eaeA and stx2 relative gene expression decreased until the 10th day, reaching 0.3 and 0.41 in the CS-LZ-NPs group and 0.5 and 0.48 in the CS-NPs group. Also, the treatment with either CS-NPS or CS-LZ-NPS did not affect the average sensory score of the chicken fillets. 
&...

Cut Intan Novita1,2, Kartini Eriani3, Amalia Sutriana4, Tongku Nizwan Siregar5,6*, Ni Wayan Karja7

... medium increased the number of intact follicles (P<0.05) at each development stage, with the highest number occurring in the primordial and primary follicle stages.   The number of primordial and primary follicles on day 14 of vitrification the control group vs the BPE group was 62.08±18.25 vs 72.72±5.67 and 45.62±15,9 vs 65.78±7.17, respectively. ...

Ahmed K. Fahd*, Ali H. Saliem

... with diclofenac. The number of writhes in both apigenin and diclofenac-treated groups has been significantly reduced in the acetic acid test when compared to the control. The formalin test revealed that both apigenin and diclofenac-treated groups reported significantly lower flinches and licks than the control. For the tail-flick test, the results have significantly increased in withdrawal time in apigenin and diclofenac-treated groups than with the control; ...

Zahid I. Mohammed

...in Baquba city from December 2022 until February 2023 to assess the impacts of Spirulina supplement on several physiological and biochemical traits in Black Iraqi kids. A total of 28 male kids aged 4-5 months, with body weight 18.35 to 22.76 kg, were randomly assigned to four nutritional groups (each group involved 7 animals). The first group was fed concentrate diet 3% of the body weight every day and was deemed to be the control group. The second group was d...

Eluzia A. Barus*, Khansa N. Salsabilah, Achmad Firman, Linda Herlina

...Sumedang Regency, in October 2023. Data collection consisted of primary and secondary data obtained using the interview method. Based on the research results, Camara Farm’s average total production cost per period for a year was Rp. 2,342,573,664. The average revenue per production period was Rp. 2,429,151,070, so the average revenue obtained per production period was Rp. 87,170,606 with profitability at 3.31%. The average BEP obtained unit was 101,590.5...

Muhammad Qazzafi Khan1, Iqtidar Hussain1, Ejaz Ahmad Khan1, Sara Zafar2*, Zuhair Hasnain3* and Moneeza Abbas4

...the season. Between November 10 and December 20, there were five planting dates that were spaced 10 days apart in a 3 replications of a split-plot layout in a randomised complete block design. The impact of planting dates on types and advance lines was examined using both main plots and sub plots. On days to maturity, the data were kept, spike length, grains/spike, 1000-grain weight and yield. The interaction between plantin...

Yaseen1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Maryam Begum3, Sumbal Bibi3, Umber3, Namra3, Abbas Khan4, Shumaila Gul5 and Raheela Taj6

...d toxicity in a large number of non-target organisms. Some of these are non-biodegradable and are persistently present in environment leading to environmental pollution. These chemicals eventually reach aquatic bodies and cause various histopathological, hematological, bio-chemical and enzymatic alterations in the bodies of aquatic organisms, especially fish, leading to huge economic loss. Consumption of the affected fishes also poses a serious health threat t...

Genlong Zhan1*, Yunhua Zheng2, Desheng Li*4 and Hongmei Zhang3

...cs. We found that the number of markedly effective cases in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group. The total effective rate was 89.23% in the treatment group and 72.31% in the control group. The total effective rate in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The whole blood high shear viscosity, whole blood low shear viscosity, plasma viscosity, as well as erythrocyte aggregation index of both groups d...

Sudip Kumar Sharma1, Al-Nur Md. Iftekhar Rahman1,2, Mahfuzul Islam1,3*  

..., Pug breeds (9%), and Doberman breeds (5%) (p<0.001). Male dogs had a higher percentage of clinical cases (about 69% vs. 31%) than female dogs (p<0.001). Dogs aged seven months to three years had a higher percentage of reported clinical cases (62%) than dogs of other ages (p<0.001). Breed, sex, and age all had a substantial impact on the disease categories (p<0.05). In pet dogs, ceftriaxone was the most often prescribed antibiotic. The results of ...
Nusrat Bano1, Muhammad Tayyab1*, Bushra Muneer2, Sehrish Firyal1, Abu Saeed Hashmi3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Ali Raza Awan1
...HL) from January to December 2013. Total 345 clinically suspected patients reporting to JHL were serologically diagnosed for dengue specific antigen and antibodies. In this study 20 patients of febrile illness other than Dengue (OFI), were selected as control. The frequency of various clinical features and alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed for both cases and controls. Total 108 (31.3%) patients were serologically confirmed f...

Rogia SA Gomez*, Said H Mbaga 

...sults showed that the number of birds per flock was less than 1000 on farms ranging in size from 81.2 to 206.3m2. Farmers used more family labour (89.7%) to raise broilers. The grouping of respondents showed that 59% of them (group 1) were beginners of about 47 years of age with an average of 5 years of poultry farming experience, who made more profit from their production than the rest of the older and more experienced farmers (groups 2 and 3). This study the...

Kunlayaphat Wuthijaree1, Pattaraporn Tatsapong1, Sukanya Yung-Rahang2, Prayad Thirawong2, Koonphol Pongmanee2*

...revalence and average number of gastrointestinal parasites per chicken (worm burden) in Thai indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). A total of, 229 chickens (113 males and 116 females) were investigated in 3 selected districts in central Thailand. Chickens were raised under extensive backyard conditions and then slaughtered at ages 12, 14, 16 and 18 weeks. Standard parasitological procedures were used to determine the worm burden in the gastrointestin...

Ghaith Z. Hasan Al-Askari *, Eman H. Yousif Al-Taee

...urvival and mortality numbers were observed following 24 hours of intoxication. In the second experiment, the selected groups were divided according to the doses they received. In a cross-sectional study, 30 female rats were divided into three groups: a control group (CG: 0 mg/kg VD), a high VD group (HG: 1/10 LD50), and a low VD group (LG: 1/20 LD50). While the Results included at the dose of 1/10 LD50, the lesions were more severe than the lesions at 1/20 LD...

Ediset1*, Jaswandi2, Fuad Madarisa1, Amrizal Anas1, Rizqan2

...n. In comparison, the number of samples determined by the Proportional Sampling technique is 50 breeders from 5 sub-districts in Padang Pariaman Regency. Data analysis was carried out in a quantitative descriptive manner, namely the adoption rate of A.I. was measured by the percentage of adoption, and the success rate of A.I. was measured by calculating Service PerConception (S/C), Conception Rate (C.R.), and Calving Rate (CvR). The result shows the adoption r...

Urip Rosani1*, Iman Hernaman1, Rahmat Hidayat1, Darmawan Hidayat2

...utrient content (crude fiber and lignin) of rice bran containing different rice husks. Based on the results of research, there is a strong relationship between ultrasonic parameters and the nutrient content of rice bran containing various rice husks. The positive correlation between attenuation with crude fibre is 0.975, and attenuation with lignin is 0.965. The attenuation coefficient can be used as a parameter for estimating the content of lignin and crude f...

Kashif Abdaal, Aneeza Batool, Muhammad Tariq Navid*, Saeed Ahmed, Asma Saleem Qazi, Waseem Safdar, Haidar Ali, Mobeen Ur Rashid, Somia Rafaqat 

... ones like malaria and tuberculosis and exploring their potential applications in non-infectious conditions like Alzheimer’s. Traditional vaccines such as: live attenuated and inactivated have long been treated as effective against infectious diseases. However, recent advancements in vaccine development strategies including mRNA- and recombinant DNA technologies along with viral vector-based vaccines containing specific DNA segment(s) of an infectious pa...

ISHRAT FATIMA1, MOAZZAM JAMIL1, AZHAR HUSSAIN1*, MUHAMMAD ZAHID MUMTAZ2, MUHAMMAD LUQMAN1, SAJID HUSSAIN3, SAIF UR REHMAN KASHIF4 & MAQSHOOF AHMAD1

...dry weight up to 66%, number of fruits plant-1 up to 89%, fruit fresh weight up to 79%, fruit dry weight up to 78%, concentration of N up to 20%, P up to 65%, K up to 20%, and protein contents up to 20% as compared to uninoculated control. It is concluded that inoculation of ZSB strains like Bacillus sp. ZM20 and Bacillus aryabhattai ZM31 is an effective approach to improve the productivity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.).

...

ZARYAB KHALID SIAL & FARAH KHAN

...tion of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) on potato plants in Pakistan. RNA was extracted and purified using optimized Trizol reagent and RNeasy Miniplant Kit. The RNA obtained was converted into cDNA on the same day and amplified. The identification of PSTVd was carried out by Sequencing and BLAST. The advanced optimized Rapid Trizol reagent method was comparatively found best and reproducible as compared to the second method. The Sequencing and BLAST confi...

IRFANA IQBAL1*, PAKEEZA TANWEER1, FARKHANDA MANZOOR1, MUHAMMAD NAUMAN AFTAB2, AFSHAN KALEEM3, ROHEENA ABDULLAH3, ASMA ZAFAR4 & MEHWISH IQTEDAR3

...crobial properties of Dalbergia, Brassica and Trifolium honey samples against microorganisms isolated from infected burned skin of patients in children hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. The isolated microorganisms were identified as P. aeruginosa, E.coli, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus. The original bacterial inoculum was serially diluted (adjusted to 1.5 X 106 CFU) and spread on the nutrient agar plates. Whattmann filter paper discs were soaked in three different conc...

Wesam Jasim Hansh 

...toir during July to November 2022. Sixty Fasciola flukes including (30 from cows and 30 from buffaloes) were used in morphological study. Genomic DNA was extracted from 30 Fasciola flukes (15 from cows and 15 from buffaloes) and used to amplified the 28S rRNA gene and amplicons were sequenced. Based on the morphological study and sequences analysis of 28S rRNA gene (618 bp), all Fasciola flukes were identified as Fasciola gigantica with 99 – 100% similar...

Adriana Beatriz Sánchez-Urdaneta1,2*, Gisela del Carmen Rivero-Maldonado2, Cecilia Beatriz Peña-Valdivia3 and Dianelis del Carmen Sánchez-Urdaneta4

 

 

...lls was measured; the number of cell strata of the epidermis, collenchyma, parenchyma cells, xylem vessels, and calcium oxalate crystals (druse), were counted, as well as the perimeter of parenchyma cells, xylem vessels, and mucilage cells. A completely randomized experimental design with three replications was used. Among the most outstanding results, it was determined that the cv. Solferino presented the greatest thickness of cladodes, cuticle, collenchyma, ...
Jaime Vera Chang1, Arianna Torres Coronel2, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Kerly Alvarado Vásquez2,3 and Frank Intriago Flor4*
 
...tassium, fat, protein, fiber and energy), sensory variables (flavor, color, taste, smell and texture). In the analysis of variance (ANDEVA) it is concluded that in the bromatological analyzes T2 contains the greatest amount of energy with a value of 403.57kcal/100g, in T1 a value of 0.46% protein was determined and in T4 8.51% mg/ potassium. 100 g were obtained; These variables are important indicators for an energy drink. In the sensory evaluation of the drin...
MAIMOONA KANWAL, MUBASHAR HUSSAIN*, ZAHEER ABBAS1, SHAKIL AHMAD KHAN2, FATIMA
ZAFAR & RIZWANKHURSHEED2
... reared on local mulberry supplemented with vitamins(Band C) in addition to amino acids (Alanine and Glycine) was evaluated at24 - 28 ○C and 70± 5 % RH during early larval instars (1stand 2nd)and 24-28○C and 85 ± 5 % RH during last three (3rd -5th) larval instars. Early in stars were fed on chopped mulberry leaves whereas later instars were reared on mulber

ASMA WAHEED QURESHI1* & SHUMAILA ALAM2

...s in District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was carried out by detection of parasitic eggs, cysts and larvae. Seven vegetables including cabbage (Brassica oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), carrot (Daucus carota), mint (Mentha spicata), chili (Capsicum frutescens), cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and corriander (Coriandrum sativum) were assessed using standard methods. Overall parasitic contamination of 30.7% was observed. Highest...

SEHRISH MUSHTAQ1, MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ1, MUHAMMAD ASHFAQ*1 FAIZA KHAN1, SOHAIB AFZAAL1, UMMAD HUSSAIN1, MUBASSHIR HUSSAIN1, RASHID MUKHTAR BALAL2 & MUHAMMAD SALEEM HAIDER1

FOZIA HUMAYUN1, ZARRIEN AYUB2, MUHAMMAD SAMEE HAIDER3 & SYED ABID ALI1*

...urs a huge and varied number of gastropods. The body muscle was dissected out of the shell and used for molecular identification and biochemical analysis (Amino acid profiling). Macro/micro morphology of the shells was also studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The analysis of nutritional status of the three Siphonaria sp. revealed quite similar profiles among the three Siphonaria sp with the presence of nine essenti...

SIDRA MOQADDES*¹, RABIA ZULFIQAR1, MAWRA GOHAR1 & HINA QAISER1

...es worldwide. A large number of pathogens can colonize urinary tract due to enriched chemical composition of urine making it favorable for microbial growth. Current study was designed to investigate bacterial associated UTI and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Samples (n=85) were analyzed to determine the bacterial strains involved in infectious cases and relationship with age, gender and social ...

MUHAMMAD JAVAID AFZAL*1, FARAH JAVAID2, SHAHZADI TAYYABA3, ANEEQA SABAH4 & MUHAMMAD WASEEM ASHRAF5

... at the same Reynolds number and pressure. This study is very important for examining the blood flow rate with blood velocity. This simulated research is helpful in finding the cure for diseases.

...

UROOJ SAEED1, SAJID RASHID AHMAD2, HAMMAD GILANI3*, RAB NAWAZ4, NAEEM SHAHZAD5, IRFAN ASHRAF6 & WAQAS AHMED QAZI3

...llion Tree Tsunami in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) initiatives. Through this study, we have proposed a cost-effective and convenient tree plantation-monitoring mechanism, which can be replicated over any plantation sites at diverse landscapes.

...

SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL2 & MUNAZZA AJAZ3

...of Enterobacteriaceae member strains has been witnessed producing Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) and Carbapenemases. Drug resistance in viral entities has also posed challenge for public health programs. About 20% people die of viral hepatitis in one of Pakistan provinces. A counter malarial acrine drug is being tried against proteinaceous infectious particles (causing many transmissible neuro-diseases). These epigenetical agents have been a sourc...

ASUMAN ARSLAN DURU1*

... effects of dietary goji berry (Lycium barbarumL.) leaf (GBL) meal on egg rate, feed intake, egg yield and mass, feed conversion ratio, external and internal egg quality and egg yolk cholesterol level of laying hens were investigated. A total of 55 Lohman Brown laying hens aged 48 weeks were used. The birds were fed with basal diet supplemented with 1 g/kg (GBL1), 5 g/kg (GBL5), 10 g/kg (GBL10), 20 g/kg (GBL20) of goji berry...

*AMNA SHOAIB, AROOJ SHEZAD, ARSHAD JAVAID, SUNDUS AKHTAR & ZOIA ARSHAD AWAN

...ustify;">Brassicaceae member i.e. Rhaphinus sativus L. and three species of Trichoderma (T. harzianum, T. viride and T. hamatum) were evaluated for their antifungal effect against Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of collar rot disease in chickpea. In vitro, methanolic leaves extract of R. sativus significantly decreased pathogen biomass by 6-96% and three Trichoderma species also caused significant inhibition in pathogen growth variably between 30-100%. In...

Olaolu Fadeyi1,2, Oluwatoyin Fabiyi3*, Tesleem Bello4 and Gabriel Olatunji5

... fruit weight and the number of fruits per plant.

...

Karima Akool Al-Salihi1*, Luay Jumaah Jihad2, Abbas Najm Aldin Saleh3

...m, Telegram, WhatsApp, Viber, Zoom, and FCC were the tools for lectures and communication with lecturers. A variation appeared in the assessment of the online education Theoretical and Practical Veterinary subjects evaluations, including 6.40%, 13.40%, 19.77%, 25.67%, 34.76%, and 3.30%, 5.30%,18.70%, 25.60%, and 47.10% respectively for scores 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (poorly, slightly, reasonably, noticeably, significantly affected). In conclusion, this study approved th...

María Julia Traversa1*, Mónica Saracco2, María Alejandra Colombatti Olivieri3, Fernando Paolicchi4, Edgardo Rodriguez5, Silvia Estein5, María Cristina Jorge5, William C. Davis6

...ms with endemic bovine tuberculosis (TB) and nonreactors from a dairy farm free of PPDb reactors for 12 years. In PPDb reactors, CD14 expressing cells increased significantly after specific stimulation. In PPDbEPPp group, B B2 cells expanded significantly (p=0.004), and cells with the activation marker CD25 (or interleukin-2 receptor α chain) expanded significantly (p= 0.03) with half IFNγ production. Results from this study suggest that in natural...

Ho Xuan Nghiep1,2, Nguyen Binh Truong1,2*

... The neutral detergent fiber consumption tended to increase (P>0.05) from CMW0 (2.97 kg) to CMW75 treatments (3.22 kg). However, the metabolism energy of CMW25 was higher than (P>0.05) CMW0, CMW50 and CMW75 (57.9, 54.7, 52.7 and 52.2 MJ/animal/day, respectively). Both DM and OM digestibility were not significantly different in this study but CP and NDF were otherwise. The CMW0 treatment was lower than (P<0.05) the CMW75 treatment for CP digestibility ...

Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti1, Ikuo Kobayashi2, Ahmad Juwari3, Lovin Dika Antari4*

...ected from July to September 2023. The results showed that economic losses due to FMD in cattle in Miyazaki Prefecture amounted to USD 775,184.77/farmer (beef cattle and dairy cattle), higher than losses in East Java province with USD 2,508.27/farmer for dairy cattle and USD 2,747.26/farmer for beef cattle. The high economic losses per farmer in Miyazaki are related to the characteristics of the number of livestock ownership...

Inayat ul Islam1, Rooh Ullah1, Ahmed Zia2, Abdul Rauf Bhatti2*, Maryum Ilyas2, Sohail Hayat1 and Khabab Hayat1

Ngoc Tan Nguyen1*, Thi Tuong Vi Trang1, Thi Thuy Tien Nguyen2, Tuan Thanh Hoang2, Duc Thoa Nguyen2

...ram), and accumulated number of eggs (ANE) up to 38 weeks of age. DNA collected from the wing vein at 38 weeks of age was extracted from whole blood samples of 393 VLV chickens. The 24 bp indel/PRL target gene was amplified by PCR and the product was separated by electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel for genotyping. Polymorphism was observed at the 24 bp PRL/indel locus, showing two alleles I and D with frequencies 0.57 and 0.43, respectively and three genotypes (...

Gokarna Gautam1*, Sajan Rokaya1, Bhuminand Devkota1, Saroj Sapkota2

...of breeding were in November and April, respectively. Likewise, the highest proportions of buffaloes calved in autumn (41.3%), followed by summer (26.8%), winter (20.8%) and spring (12.8%); the highest and lowest proportions of calving were in September and May, respectively. During the low breeding season, 53% buffaloes were non-cyclic (true anestrous) as indicated by inactive ovaries and below basal level (<1ng/ml) plas...
Aliya Irshad Sani1, Shumaila Usman2*, Zile Rubab1, Sufyan Ahmed3, Sana Iqbal3 and Zehra Ahmed4
...receptor superfamily, member 4, TNFSRF4) and OX40L (tumor necrosis factor superfamily, member 4; TNFSF4). They function to potentiate T cells function to accentuate anti-tumor activity. The results of OX40 and OX40L in cancer immunotherapy are still limited and most of the studies have evaluated their expression in tumor biopsies. In this study we aimed to find out gene expression of costimulatory molecules in naïve ora...

Firda Arlina1*, Mangku Mundana1, Linda Suhartati1, Agmelia Jasfaria2

...the shank 16.53%, the number of crow 32.27% and the number of comb points 19.82%. The conclusion of this research is that the phenotypes of Randah Batu Kokok Balenggek chickens still variability. It is advisable to maintain the AKB Taduang type, and selection can be carried out based on shank diameter and the number of crowing.
 
Keywords | Kokok Balenggek chic...

Nurcholis1*, Syetiel M. Salamony1, Abdullah Baharun2

...ter from August to September 2023. Semen diluted to a minimum of 25 million/mL is packaged in 0.25 mL straws. Treat Andromed® as a comparison, P0 tris egg yolk (TYE), P1 TYE+MYE 1 mL, P2 TYE+MYE 2 mL. The parameters observed include fresh semen quality, sperm motility, sperm viability, sperm membrane integrity, and recovery rate. The results showed that MYE 2 mL supplementation (P<0.05) affected the quality of sperm motility during equilibration and pos...

Taghreed Jabbar Humadai*, Bushra Ibrahim Al-Kaisei

...nuclear necrosis with number apoptotic hepatocyte, nuclear pyknosis with evidence of councilman body in liver tissue, The Immunohistochemistry study revealed an increase in the scoring of IL1 expression in liver that showed score (3) compared to control group, TNF alpha expression showed score (1) in liver tissue when compared to untreated control group . According to the findings of the current study, tetrodotoxin has adverse toxic effects on liver tissue of ...

Nadir Ali Birmani1*, Ramesh1, Shakeel Ahmed Memon2, Raheela Noor Memon1, Badar Alam Samejo3 and Mehtab Ali Mahar3

...ere identified as the members of genus Gongylonema Molin, 1857 (Spirurida: Spiruroidea: Gongylonematidae) based on presence of various cuticular bosses on anterior portion of the speciemens, a gubernaculum, unequal and dissimilar spicules. Previously, there is no record of genus Gongylonema from the host Tatera indica, therefore, it makes new host record from Sindh province of Pakistan.

...

Md. Asadujjaman1, Md. Yeamin Hossain2*, Most. Farida Parvin3, Most. Shakila Sarmin2, Fairuz Nawer2, Wasim Sabbir4, Md. Ashekur Rahman2, Nur-E-Farjana Ilah2, Md. Joynal Abedin5, Md. Abdus Samad6 and Gitartha Kaushik7

...d during January to December 2017. The total length (TL) was recorded in the range of 3.3 to 9.9 cm. The negative allometric growth pattern was assessed through the b value < 3.0. Further, the L∞ was 10.25 cm as well as K was found 0.55 year-1. The Ø’ was calculated as 1.762, t0 was 0.057 years while the tmax was estimated as 2.49 years. In addition, the Z, M, and F were obtained as 3.11, 1.63, and 1.48 year-1, respectively. The trend of ...

Md. Asadujjaman1, Md. Yeamin Hossain2*, Most. Farida Parvin3, Most. Shakila Sarmin2, Fairuz Nawer2, Wasim Sabbir4, Md. Ashekur Rahman2, Nur-E-Farjana Ilah2, Md. Joynal Abedin5, Md. Abdus Samad6 and Gitartha Kaushik7

...d during January to December 2017. The total length (TL) was recorded in the range of 3.3 to 9.9 cm. The negative allometric growth pattern was assessed through the b value < 3.0. Further, the L∞ was 10.25 cm as well as K was found 0.55 year-1. The Ø’ was calculated as 1.762, t0 was 0.057 years while the tmax was estimated as 2.49 years. In addition, the Z, M, and F were obtained as 3.11, 1.63, and 1.48 year-1, respectively. The trend of ...

Faheem Akbar1, Naveed Ahmed4*, Maria Mussarat1, Imtiaz Ahmed4, Dost Muhammad1, Toseef Ahmad2, Muhammad Afaq Akbar1, Shehryar Rafique3, Seemab Ali4, Sohail Aslam4, Basharat Hussain Shah4, Fayaz Ahmad4 and Muhammad Abbas Khan4

...ondition of Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

...

Waseem Abbas, Imtiaz Ahmed* and Imran Khan 

...3 % incorporation. The fiber content also significantly increased at the incorporation ratio of 1, 2 and 3%. In CWB, fat concentration at 2 and 3% incorporation remained almost equal to that of CB. The protein content increased “significantly in a dose-dependent manner with the increasing incorporation of these two herbs” when compared with the CB. When the carbohydrate content of both breads was compared, the functional bread had significantly low...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

...of Bangladesh, from November 2021 to October 2022. During the reporting period, a total of 419 serum samples (227 layers and 192 broilers) were randomly collected from apparently healthy, sick and recovered birds. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was used to analyze the chicken sera samples for determination of the titer of the antibodies against NDV. The test results showed that the overall seroprevalence was 13.8...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

...of Bangladesh, from November 2021 to October 2022. During the reporting period, a total of 419 serum samples (227 layers and 192 broilers) were randomly collected from apparently healthy, sick and recovered birds. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was used to analyze the chicken sera samples for determination of the titer of the antibodies against NDV. The test results showed that the overall seroprevalence was 13.8...

Naveed Ahmed* and Amjad Usman

...coniferous forests of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province was conducted. Eight species were recorded, two species (Megachile albifrons, Smith 1853, Megachile pseudodisjuncta, Kumari 2018) are new record to Pakistan, whereas all the eight species are new record to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Brief description together with illustrations and distributional range of each of these Megachile species is also provided. A diagnostic key fo...

Mubashar Hussain*, Takhmina Nazir and Muhammad Faheem Malik

...s showed that maximum number of species belong to genus Epilachna (five species) and Coccinella (four species) which make them most diverse genera. Coccinella septempunctata (16.40%) was the most dominant species followed by Coccinella undecimpunctata (12.83%) whereas Epilachna varivestis (1.61%) was the least abundant species. The results of diversity indices showed lowest Simpson index value (1-D= 0.89) in Rasool Nagar which is indication of high diversity. ...
Kalaiselvi Natarajan1, Karal Marx Karuppiah1, Sheena K Baby1, Sakthivel Mohammed2, Shanmugam Seerappalli Aran1 and Suresh Eswaran1*
...rformance with higher number of ovulated eggs, fertilization and hatching rate than ovaprim and ovatide. For dose optimization, the matured brooders were administered with synthetic hormone WOVA -FH at three different doses viz., 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 and 1.0 ml per kg of body weight at triplicate basis. The highest number of ovulated eggs (3380.5 ±202.75), fertilization rate (90± 0.8) and hatching rate (88±0...

Mercy Cuenca-Condoy1*, Lourdes Reinoso-García2, Juan González-Rojas2, Dionel García-Bracho3  

...dermidis, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Lactobacillus mali, Moraxella osloensis, Kocuria salsiccia, Bacillus weihenstephanensis, Corynebacterium xerosis, Macrococcus canis, Chryseobacterium bovis, Rothia endophytica, among others. However, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Lactobacillus mali and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequent bacteria in cases of subclinical bovine mastitis, reaching 23.4, 10.9 and 9.5% presence, respectively; Likewis...

Addisu Jimma1,2*, Aberra Melesse1, Aynalem Haile3, Tesfaye Getachew3  

..., with 130 being CBBP members and 130 non-members owning sheep from similar locations, was conducted. The results revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in various aspects between CBBP members and non-members. CBBP participants showed higher numbers of lambs below 3 months, male lambs between 3-6 months, intact m...

Nadia Kèmi Assana Chabi1, Gildas Codjo Tchemadon1,2*, Olaïgbé Lydie Hounkpatin3, Paul Kouété Jimmy4 and Leonard Antoine Chaffara Afouda1

...nducted in March and October 2022 among 156 sweetpotato farmers in 11 townships in agro-ecological zones (AEZ) II, VI and VIII of Benin. Among the respondents, 96.3% do not recognize symptoms of sweetpotato viral diseases, although 81.4% observe these symptoms in their fields with most (76.7%), a low incidence (0 to 25%). Also, 72.3% farmers affirm that the first viral symptoms appear at the flowering stage of sweetpotato plants. They observe the presence of a...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Woo Kyun Kim2, Aamir Khan3 and Abubakar Sufyan4

...s 1 and 2, while crude fiber during phase1 and 3 for the SH treatment groups. The crude fat had a significantly higher value for the control group than all SH treatment groups during all (three) phases. The ash amount was significantly higher in the 3 and 6% SH groups during phase 1 while 6% and 9% SH groups during phase 3 than in all other groups. The control group had (P<0.05) lower gut contents viscosity during all phases than the SH treatment groups. Du...

Yousef Abdal Jalil Fadladdin1, Ateeq Ullah2*, Raheela Nawaz3, Yagoob Garedaghi4, Abbas M.A. Al-Azab5 and Mashael Abdullah Aldamigh6

...as conducted between October 2018 to September 2019. The risk factor was identified by using the Interviews, observation, and anthropometric indices assessment. The stool samples were collected and preserved in 10% formalin solution and safely transported to Parasitology Laboratory, University of Malakand for parasite examination. Each of the samples was processed in direct smear methods and examined under microscope first u...

Xin Niu1, Xuelan Fang2, Sang Ba3, Yihao Fang1,4, Davide Fornacca1,7, Kun Tan1,4, Yanpeng Li1,4,5*, Zhipang Huang1,4,5* and Wen Xiao1,4,5,6,7

...he same plots and the number of individuals were calculated for each site and differences were assessed according to seasons and elevation. No direct encounters between the two species were captured by camera traps, although they did appear up in the same camera traps at altitudes between 2,900 m - 3,500 m. M. mulatta was also observed at elevations below 2,500 m, near the farmland and villages. The two monkey species were mostly recorded at an altitudinal spe...

Mirwaise Khan1, Rubab Maqsood1, Hamad Bin Rashid2, Shakera Sadiq Gill1, Muhammad Noman1, Rafia Akram1, Muhammad Sajid Hasni1, Haroon Rashid3 and Mamoona Chaudhry1*

...f Pakistan, between December 2016 and February 2017. A total of 240 blood samples from backyard chickens were collected and were tested for antibodies against Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) (H9N2) by hemagglutination inhibition test according to OIE. It was found that out of 240 collected blood samples, 140 (58.3%; 95% CI: 50.43-69.60) were positive for AIV (H9N2). The findings of the present study indicated that AIV (H9N2) were endemic and widely distributed in ...

Muhammad Adnan1*, Muhammad Nauman Khan2,3, Barkat Ullah2, Faisal Zaman2, Alevcan Kaplan4, Hubert O. Dossou-Yovo5, Sajid Ali Khan Bangash6, Sana Wahab7, Mehreen Ghazal8 and Muhammad Hassan Sarfraz9

...ts were conducted in October 2019 under natural light conditions to assess the chemical status of plants under various treatments such as the stress of inorganic boric acid. In the experiment, the pots were filled with sandy loam soil (1 kg). The pots were pre-treated with boron as boric acid (H3BO3) only once before sowing, at the doses of 0 mg/kg (control), 3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, 9 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 18 mg/kg soil. The different concentrations of Boron...

Ali Hassan1, Javaria Ashraf1*, Salman Wahid1, Kamran Alyas1, Samaria Nisar1, Sadia Kanwal2, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Amna Bibi2 and Rameen Nawaz3

...cluding plant height, number of nodes per plant, number of bolls, boll weight, yield per plant, percentage of ginning outturn (GOT%), fiber length, micronaire value and fiber strength, the ratio of general combining ability (GCA) variance to specific combining ability (SCA) variance (2 GCA/2 SCA) indicated the prevalence of non-additive gene action. In a...

Shishir Sharma1*, Suk Bahadur Gurung2, Ritesh Kumar Yadav1, Bibek Phulara1 and Laxmi Prasad Joshi1

... rod row design from October 2020 to March 2021 at the National Maize Research Program’s research farm in Rampur, Chitwan. The goal includes identifying correlations between genotypes, estimating the proportionate contribution of various disease characteristics, and selecting eligible parent lines for hybridization purposes utilizing principal component analysis and Ward’s clustering. Correlation assessment revealed a negative relationship between ...

Shakil Ahmed1, Mahin Das2, Md. Rayhan Sojib3*, Shishir Kanti Talukder4, Sadia Sultana5, Prantika Datta1, Shofiqul Islam1 and Gazi Md. Mohsin2

...e (p<0.001) in the number of seeds per fruit compared to other local hybrids. Local hybrids showed positive significant differences (p<0.05) in the number of fruits per plant than exotic hybrid variety. However, germination percentage and first flowering were disproportionate, with exotic V3 (White Beauty) showing moderate germination and fast first flowering, while local hybrids showed high germination percentage and ...

Shahbaz Hussain1, Asif Ameen2*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar3, Atif Naeem1, Ahmad Jawad1, Madad Ali1, Muhammad Ather Nadeem3, Ghulam Abbas2, Muhammad Arif2, Muhammad Ahmad Zafar4, Zahid Hassan5

...furnished the highest number of tillers (137.3 in 2014 and 141.3 in 2015), grains panicle-1 (77 in 2014 and 79 in 2015), final paddy yield (1983.8 and 1570 kg ha-1 in 2014 and 2015, respectively), and net economic returns (Rs. 95915 ha-1), followed by the use of Puma Super at 46.33 g a.i. ha-1 which offered the next best economic benefits (Rs. 81906 ha-1). Thus, applying Puma Super at 92.66 g a.i. ha-1 is appeared viable approach to control grassy weed flora a...

Shahzad Aslam1*, Amjad Rashid Kayani2, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf3, Muhammad Azhar Jameel2 and Kiran Sahar4

...was conducted from September 2019 to September 2020 in the Margalla Hills National Park (MHNP) near Islamabad ,which falls in Murree foothills between 450m--­­­­1500m elevation   (N 330 44’25.5” E 0730 03’15.3”). Topography is rugged and the climate is sub-tropical semi-arid. The flora of the park is mainly subtropical evergreen scrub forest on the lower slopes and subtropica...

Hayder S. Rwayyih*, Tahani S.S. Al-Azawi

...osis of cardiac muscle fibers with fatty change in endocardium or papillary muscles due to estrogen deficiency, irregular myocardial endothelial degeneration and congested blood vessels. The aorta of these groups has enlargement and thickening of endothelial cells with infiltration of fatty cells in tunica intimae (The structure of intima changes in postmenopausal and it becomes multilayered due to migration of smooth muscle cells from the media to intima). In...

Bushra AL-Khaqani, Amira Mohammed*  

... />  

...

Ndubuisi Chinedu Adikuru1*, Paul Inyang2, Abraham Agwu Ngwuta1, Chinyere Prisca Anyanwu1 and Rosemond Adaohuru Alagba1

...rain yield and kernel number in addition to lower ASI, five varieties (TZECOMP3C2DT, DTSYN-11-YF2, DTSYN-7-WF2, OBA SUPER 2, and DTSR-WCQ) were selected from this set of drought tolerant maize varieties. These were recommended for planting as part of strategy for adapting to climate variability and change in the rainforest agroecology.

...

Ahmed Kareem Kadhim Al-Wasmee1, Waddah Salam Hassone2, Hawraa Talib Al-Janabi3, Hamed AH Al-Jabory1

...ly until the end of December 2022 in several regions of Babylon Province. Ninety jugular vein blood samples were collected. The calves ranged from <1 M to ≥4 M and both sexes were represented. Two ml of blood were placed in sterile, EDTA-treated tubes, and were sent to the parasitology lab in an ice pack. The blood was put in a deep freezer set at -20oC for DNA extraction. This genomic DNA purification was used following the instructions provided in the ...
Gilmar Jesús Cañarte-Cañarte1, Ernesto Gonzalo Cañarte-Bermúdez2*, José Bernardo Navarrete-Cedeño2, Luis Fernando Díaz-Toral1, Carlos Eddy Alvarado-Zamora1 and Fernando David Sánchez-Mora1*
...eenness index (SPAD), number of cotton bolls opening/plant, number of open cotton bolls/plant, number of unopened cotton bolls/plant and yield of raw cotton (kg ha-1). The results obtained in the research indicate that spacing between plants (m) was significantly influential in most of the agronomic and productive variables, compared to the spacing between rows, while the intera...
Luis Fernando Díaz-Toral1, Carlos Eddy Alvarado-Zamora1, Ernesto Gonzalo Cañarte-Bermúdez2*, José Bernardo Navarrete-Cedeño2, Gilmar Jesús Cañarte-Cañarte1 and Fernando David Sánchez-Mora1* 
...s index (SPAD), total number of branches/plant, total number of flower buds/plant, total number of cotton bolls/plant, weight (g) of ten unopened cotton bolls (g) and yield of raw cotton (kg ha-1), were recorded. The data obtained were subjected to ANOVA, and comparison of means was done by Tukey’s test (P<0.05). The results indicated that the application of mepiquat ch...

Aspen Abutalip*, Batyrbek Aitzhanov, Assiya Mussayeva, Vladislava Suchshikh, Natalya Yegorova

..., even with a limited number of studies conducted, was 80%. There was almost always confirmation of the initial diagnosis made after agglutination results in a reaction medium from two crosses or more. This was done by isolating the pathogen during microbiological cultivation. Therefore, the high correlation (r=0.76, P<0.05) between the results of express testing and the detection of the pathogen by bacteriological cultivation, as the main diagnostic method...

Muhmmad Asif1, Khunsa Khakwani1, Muhammad Hasnain1*, Farrukh Ilahi1, Muhammad Hussnain Babar1, Shahid Munir Chuhan1, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas1, Iqra Parveen1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Saeed Ahmad2 and Hammad Hussnain2

... well as its impact on fiber quality. The cultivars differed in their susceptibility to sucking insects and pink bollworm. The lowest whitefly population was observed on genotypes FH-492 (2.48), FH-498 (2.97), and ‘FH-494 (2.80) per leaf. The lowest jassid population was recorded on cultivars FH-494 (0.87), FH-498 (0.97), and FH-492 (0.68) per leaf. The lowest thrips infestation was recorded on FH-492, FH-494 and FH-498, having 1.05, 1.13, 1.20 per leaf,...

Wajid Ali1, Muhammad Noman Khan1*, Ghulam Nabi1, Shahid Ur Rahman1, Saira Sattar2, Muhammad Fawad Khan1, Saeed Ur Rahman1, Sayed Zubair1, Qurat Ul Ain1, Muhammad Sabeeh1 and Afsar Ali3

...titute North Mingora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in the year 2019. Current study was consisted of two factors and was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Factor ‘A’ was solution application forms i.e. fresh Moringa leaf extract solution and dry Moringa leaf powder solution, while Factor B was Moringa leaf extract levels (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%). Different forms of Moringa leaf extract solution and levels po...

Faisal Ali1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Iqtidar Hussain1, Ghazanfar Ullah1, Atiq Ahmad Ali Zai2, Moneeza Abass3, Zuhair Hasnain4* and Sara Zafar5*

...hyll (u g cm3) or the number of leaves on the plant. The most significant interaction between the Sudan grass hybrid and fertilizer increased the crop growth rate (16.43 g day), leaf area index (5.01), net photosynthesis rate (66.07 mole m2 sec’’), green fodder yield (109.99 t ha’’), reducing sugars% (2.47), brix% (13.50), and pol% (8.11). Based on the research results, it has been found that Sudan grass hybrids fertilizer using NPK @ (...

Bilal Atta1*, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Asif Farooq3, Muhammad Ijaz1, Tahir Hussain Awan1, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub4, Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Amara Nasiba1

...peak population in September, with a significant increase from 2019 to 2020, followed by a decline from 2020 to 2021. However, a remarkable increase was observed from 2021 to 2022. Sesamia inferens displayed varying peak populations across the years, with a slight decrease from 2019 to 2020, a significant increase from 2020 to 2021, and a subsequent decline. Scirpophaga incertulas showed different peak populations at various times throughout the years, experie...

Khurram Nawaz Saddozai1, Muhammad Nasrullah2, Jahangir Khan3*, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Raheel Saqib4, Naheed Zahra5 and Mansoor Rasheed6

...i, district Mardan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Empirical findings reveal that labour, chemical, irrigation, seed, poultry manure, and tractor have positive and statistically significant effects on tobacco production. Results of the study also corroborate an insignificant relationship of fertilizer with tobacco production. Findings of the study also showed that the allocation of inputs utilized during production e.g. labour, irrigation, seed, poultry manure and trac...

Hilarius Yosef Sikone1*, Gomera Bouk2, Edelnia Kristina Bere2, Yohana Kamlasi2, Elisabeth Yulia Nugraha1

...etween April 2023 to October 2023. 285 Balinese cattle, including 82 calves, 105 weaned beef cattle, and 98 heifers. This research used mixed methods to obtain qualitative and quantitative data, a survey was conducted by 180 breeders from 18 respondent groups. Respondents must meet two requirements: have raised Bali cattle for at least five years and own at least three cows. A basic random sampling technique was employed to identify the sample, which involved ...

Ali Hazrat1*, Qasir Ali2, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1

..., District Dir Upper, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan to investigate the occurrence of bryophytes species in the study
area. It is the first attempt to document the bryophytes species in the selected area. A
total of 27 moss species (20 genera, 14 families), 16 liverwort species comprising 13
genera and 8 families were recorded. Whereas, hornworts were represented by only two
species from the target area....

Ali Hazrat1

...s of Hindukush range, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In this study, several tutorial trips were accompanied for several times to explore the type of species of the Rosaceae family in the target area. In total, 30 species were collected belonging to 15 genera from different localities of the selected area, in which the highest number of seven plant species belonged to genus Prunus, five to genus Rosa, three to genus Potentilla...

Farrukh Hussain1, Sajid Aziz1, Gul Hassan2, Khalid Aziz1 and Sapna Raisham1

...idan Valley, District Khyber is a remote botanically unexplored area of Pakistan. Recently access has been provided by law enforcing bodies for the visits of outsiders, which made possible this first preliminary piece of work on weeds of Cannabis sativaL. fields. Although, the cultivation of C. sativa is legally banned in Pakistan vide the Control of Narcotics Substance Act of 1997, yet it is a regular cash crop in Tirah-Maidan Valley. Cannabis sativa fields w...

Felix O. Takim*1, Gideon Z. Nayan2, Oluwafemi O. Osatuyi1and Israel O. Olayiwola1

...d significantly higher tuber yield of 9.56 t/ha of sweet potato and maize grain yield of 3.28 t/ha while intercropping 33,333 plants/ha of sweet potato (1 vine of sweet potato planted at 0.40m apart on the ridge and 0.75m between ridges) and maize at 53,333 plants/ha (0.25m x 0.75m) gave an intercrop yield of 7.32 t/ha tubers and 3.46 t/ha grain yield with highest LER of 1.74, a net profit of ₦566,435.00 and benefit cost r...

Syed Awais Hussain Shah1*and Rizwan Ali2 2

... was one year, from December 2019 to January 2020. During the research period, we reported 59 plant species which belongs 54 genera and29 families, among the reported families Lamiaceae and Fabaceae were dominant families having six species each, followed by Asteraceae with five species. These plants are utilized by habitants from centuries as Ethnomedicine against various diseases like cough, cold, malaria, fever, stomach disorders, mouth and throat sour etc....
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Abdul Rehman1, Amjed Ali1,
Nasir Iqbal2, Qaisar Mumtaz1, Amir Javed1
...branches (up to 77%), number of
pods per plant (up to 83%), 100-seed weight (up to 37%) and seed yield (up to 160%)
of soybean. Among herbicides, topramezone at 21.5 g a.i ha-1 gave significantly the
highest (1234 and 1272 kg ha-1 in years 2018 and 2019) seed yield of soybean and HEIs
(1.28 and 1.03 in year 2018 and 2019, respectively). However, oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g
a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin + S-meto...

Muhammad Rafiq,1 Amna Shoaib,1 Arshad Javaid1

...o occurrence of large number of persistent sclerotia on tubers, while the
current conventional practices against diseases are limited and are associated with toxicity
and resistance. Botanical fungicides have shown enormous antifungal potential against
many sclerotial forming phytopathogens. In the present study, methanolic root extract of
Sonchus asper was assessed for its ant...

Hussain Shah1, Hamida Bibi2, Ali Hazrat1and Khan Sher3

...
district Bajaur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. 76 plant species belong to 47 families of
herbs, shrubs, mushrooms, trees and vegetables were recorded for their medicinal use.
These include 74 plants (96%) of angiosperms, 1 (1%) of gymnosperms, 2 (2%) of fungi
and 1 (1%) of Pteridophytes. Asteraceae was a dominant family having 5 species follows by
Brassicaceae and Moraceae each one is represented by 4 species...
Tabassum yaseen1*, Muzamil shah1, Khushnood Ur Rehman2 Ali Mujtaba Shah3, Gul
Nawaz1,Rani Gul4
...usmn;74.02) and Scandix iberica
(89.00±92.08) at the vegetative stage. The Glomus species is dominant in the rhizospheric
soil of weeds plants followed by Aculospora, and Sclerocystis. The lowest Glomus spore
density is present in Fumaria parviflora (10.67±15.89). The spore density of AMF had a
strong positive correlation with soil pH and a negative correlation with the Phosphors
content...
Muhammad Bilal Niaz1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Khuram Mubeen1, Mahmood Alam Khan1
and Wazir Ahmed2
...otton is an important, fiber and cash crop of Pakistan. Its raw
material and other products are exported to other countries. The study was conducted using
the randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were; horse
purslane free crop for whole season, horse purslane free crop for 30 days after sowing
(DAS), horse purslane free crop for 60 DAS, horse purslane and other weeds free crop ...
Luqman1, Zahid Hussain1, Mohammad Ilyas2, Azmat Ali Awan3, Javed Rahman 2,
Mazhar Ali2 and Tamana Bakht4
... weeds fresh biomass, number of plants ha-1 and fruit
weight. The results showed significant effect for all the parameters during both years. Weed
biomass was the highest (2971 and 3595 kg ha-1, respectively) in weedy control treatments,
and lowermost in the hand weeded treatments (68 and 83 kg ha-1) in 2012 and 2013,
respectively. Moreover, the effect of the mulching treatments and the herbicidal treatments
Fawad Khan1, Zahir Muhammad1, Khushdil Khan2 , Shabir Ahmad2, Muhammad Jamil Khan3, Tamana Bakht4 And Asif Kamal2
...akki Marwat during September and April. Present study provides information about the
allergenic and invasive weeds plants and their threats to biodiversity. The pollen of such
weed plants causes asthma and atopy disease in humans, and also cause many other
diseases in other living organism.
...

Shabana Mangi1, Waheed Ali Panhwar1, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, G. Sarwar Solangi2, Khalid Hussain Rind3, Nazir Ahmed Abro4, Zaibun-nisa Memon1, Gul Hafeeza Lund1 and Paras Somroo1

...o brown in color. The members of this genus badly affect the economy of the growers in the affected areas. Aptopus opata is a differ from the closely related species on the taxonomical basis including male genitalia and external morphology represented as its body is lengthened, brown to blackish in body coloration, with densely coarse punctures on whole body, frons depressed, prontal angles tapered, lengthened, scutellum shield shaped trigonal spots, 1st to 3r...

Haroon Khan1*, M. Mubassir Khan1, Bakhitar Gul1, M. Fawad1 and Imtiaz Khan1

...ed out from July - September 2017 at New Developmental Farm (NDF), Malakandher, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar (UAP). Data were recorded from three sites i.e. field crop area, non-field, and orchards with a quadrate randomly thrown 50 times at different locations. A total of 39 weeds species from 16 families (14 dicots and 2 monocots) and 36 genera were identified. The major monocot family Poaceae contributed 10 species while among dicots, Asteraceae ...

Sanaullah1*

...ps in district Bajaur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The aim was to know the prevailing weed management system and encourage the farmers to integrate cultural practices with chemical control measures. A three stage stratified sampling technique was adopted to collect data from the selected respondents through a well-designed interview schedule. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v 20) was used to analyze the primary cross-sectional data and the obtai...

Maqsood Anwar1, Naveed Akhtar1*, Shah Khalid1 and Hassan Zeb2

...ed in district Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during September-October 2018. A total of 28 weed species distributed in 15 families and 27 genera were reported from the selected maize fields of the study area. Out of 15 families, twevel (12) were dicots having (17 genera and 18 species) and three (3) were monocots having (10 genera and 10 species). Poaceae was dominant family with eigh...

Amir Ehsan1*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Amjed Ali1

... response to enhanced number of both the weeds. Rice grain yield losses ranged between 10 to 75% and 28 to 80% by E. Colona and D. arvensis. The economic thresholds of false amaranth and jungle rice were estimated to be 1.6-1.4 plants m-2 and 2.2-2.6 plants m-2, respectively.

...
Imtiaz Khan,1 Muhammad Kabir, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Haroon Khan, Saima
Hashim and Muhammad Azim Khan
...(cm), leaf area (cm), number of tillers (m-2), number of grains spike-1, 1000
grain weight (g), biological yield (kg ha-1) and grain yield (kg ha-1), Harvest index (%).
These data parameters were formally observed with great care to avoid any repetition or
error of the data. Noxious weeds were observed and recorded in the field viz. Avena fatua,
Anagallis arvensis, Euphorbia he...
Kamran Ahmed Pathan1 , Waheed Ali Panhwar1,*, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, Safdar Ali
Ujan1, Javed Ahmed Ujan1, Khadim Hussain Memon1, Irfan Ahmed Pathan1 and
Shabana Mangi1
...red
from October 2018 to July 2019. The material was identified to seven species and six
genera. The species Batocera rubus (Linnaeus, 1758), Batocera rufomaculata (De Geer,
1775), Apriona cinerea (Chevrolat, 1852), Prionus corpulantus (Bates, 1878) and
Macrotoma crenata (Fabricius, 1801), were recorded as new record from Sindh Province.
While Archopalus exoticus (Sharp, 1905), Dorysthenes hugelii (Re...

Khushdil Khan1, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Zafar1, Khafsa Malik2, Shazia Sultana1, Shabir Ahmad1, Fawad Khan3, Asif kamal1, Kalim Ullah3

...amilies from Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were collected, identified, and studied using light microscopy (LM). The plants were Asphodelus tenuifolius, Euphorbia helioscopia, Parthenium hysterophorus, Rhazya stricta, Datura innoxia, Eruca sativa, Convolvulus arvensis, Anagallis arvensis, Galium aparine, and Anethum graveolens. Slides for light microscopic studies were prepared using materials of acetic acid, glycerin jelly and anthers of flowers. Pollen grain re...
Reshma Sahito1, Nasreen Memon1, Aiman Amur1, Seema Memon1
Shabana Mangi2
...e to crop and maximum number of specimens were collected from Peas (37) and rice (31) crops while least number on weeds (16), and dwell in weeds near crops, redescriptions of the genus and species are provided, small-sized stink bugs belonging to order Heteroptera (Tribe Carpocorini). The Carpocoris Pudicus causes a remarkable loss to different crops and weed leaves and seeds i.e., vegetables, tomatoes, peas and crops, wheat...
Wagner Antonio Gorozabel Muñoz1*, Mayra Jossenka Loor Solórzano1, Josselyn Gema Palacio Intriago1, Virginia Vanessa Andrade Andrade1 and Carlos Alfredo Cedeño-Palacios1,2 
 
...in NTE INEN-ISO 20483, fiber NTE INEN 542, carbohydrates; antioxidant capacity by DPPH and carotenoids by HPLC. The results showed that the flour extracted from macer squash reached better averages in terms of fat 8.35 %; ash content of13.45 %; moisture 24.39 % and protein 17.70 %; the flour from vermilion squash reached better results in terms of FDN 19.76 % and FDA 8.16 %, the best carbohydrate content was for the flour obtained from pepo squash with a conte...

Md. Shahidul Islam*, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Md. Sodrul Islam, Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil and Apurbo Kumar Mondal

...rm the study, a total number of sixty (60) day old ‘Cobb 500’ broiler chicks were randomly divided into three groups, naming group C that was supplied with normal broiler ration as control, group B was supplied with normal ration along with supplementation of probiotics, BACTOSAC @ 0.2 ml per liter drinking water and group A was reared with normal broiler ration along with growth promoter, antibiotics (Tetravet) @ 0.2 mg per liter drinking water. A...

Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi1*, Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1, Mona M.S. Zayed3, Entesar H. Taha2 and Nora R.A. Saleh1

...atode as indicated by numbers of egg masses, eggs and galls per root system more than single treatments. Co-toxicity% for the two applied combined treatments of each bacterial isolate+ AMF, added at the same time with nematode (Ne) or added at 7 days before Ne inoculation, showed additive or synergistic interaction effects. The tested isolates increased significantly (p≤0.05) plant growth criteria according to the tested materials. The same isolates +AMF wi...

M. Daud AK1,2*, Mahdi Abrar2*, Teuku Reza Ferasyi3,4, Harapan Harapan5,6,7,8

...nth with the greatest number of instances was July, followed by June, May, August, September, October, and December. There have been no recorded cases of FMD from January to August 2023. The Aceh Besar district was notably recognized as a prominent area with a high incidence of FMD outbreak followed by Aceh Tamiang and Aceh Utara. The data suggested that...

Claude Mona Airin1*, Miyayu Soneta Sofyan2, Galy Hardyta3, Khrisdiana Putri4, Pudji Astuti1

..., during low and high numbers of visitors. The collected fecal samples were freeze-dried for 72 hours, and 80% methanol extraction followed by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) analysis on cortisol, T3 and T4 levels carried out. Other data, such as the number of visitors, mileage, and number of horse riders, are also recorded. The average daily cortisol level during the low season is 392.41 ng/g d...

Fitrimawati*, James Hellyward

...ools development. The number of laborers in the livestock sectors should be a major concern at this time.
 
Keywords | Competitiveness, Commodity, Leading, Livestock
...

Siti Zubaidah1, Chusnul Hanim2, Bambang Ariyadi3, Aji Praba Baskara2*, Zuprizal2

...e extract (NFE), crude fiber (CF), total energy, amino acids (AAs), and fatty acids (FAs). In this study, the chemical composition was analyzed T - test student, while AAs, FAs, and cell-wall structure was analyzed descriptively. The microstructure of PKC cell wall after in vitro digestibility was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PKC with shell contained the following: 4,417.81 Kcal/kg gross energy, 95.45% DM, 4.51% ash, 15.95% CP, 8.36% E...

Tebogo Letsukulo Percy Thepa, Thobela Louis Tyasi*

...">Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the transforming growth factor superfamily, plays a role in the regulation of skeletal muscle growth and development in animals. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MSTN gene have been implicated with growth parameters in a multitude of livestock species. The aim of the study was to conduct a comprehensive literature evaluation of the association between ovine growth traits and the SNPs of the MSTN gene. Four datab...

Khalid Hussain*, Tanvir Hussain, Zahid Rauf and Nowsherwan Zarif

... National Park (ANP), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study revealed that the species is climate and drought sensitive with dendrochronological potential. It was hypothesized that A. pindrow is sensitive to climate change and records the variations in climatic factors. The past studies revealed the reliable dendrochronological potential and climate vulnerability of the species but the results were based on short samples. This study was aimed at exploring the climatic ...

Zia Ur Rahman1*, Naveed Ahmad1, Adnan Ahmad2, Hammad Ud Din1 and Fazli Amin1

...he Peshawar region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, using seven improved varieties of Sesame under irrigation conditions with a conventional watering frequency of once per month. The objective of the study was to identify the best-performing Sesame varieties that would enhance productivity in the target areas. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The tested Sesame varieties included TS-3, TS-5, TH-6, Till-18, DM-14, ...

Mansoor Ali Khan*, Khalid Imran, Zahid Rauf, Tanvir Hussain, Muhammad Umair Khan and Sajid Ali

...16%), protein (2.52%), fibers (2.22%), phosphorus (1.47%), iron (80.20PPm), Vit-C (1.36%), total phenol contents (180.00mg/100g), calcium (11.00mg/100g), magnesium (16.50mg/100g), manganese (0.12mg/100g) and potassium (373.20mg/100g) were maximum in the famous Kohat variety of guava. Alkaloids (0.60%), pectin (0.10%) lipids (2%), and zinc (0.34mg/100g) were maximum in Lahore (Punjab) variety, while ash, acidity carbohydrates and copper were found in greater am...
Rameez Raja Kaleri1,5*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri1, Ahmed Nawaz Khosa2, Raza Ali Mangi3, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4 Mushtaq Ahmed Jalbani1, Irfan Ali Sahto1 and Muhammad Ismail1
...oracolumbar vertebrae number is positively associated with the carcass weight and carcass quality.

...
K.B MARWAT,HAIDER ALI,H KHAN,IKRAMULLAH KHAN,IJAZ AHMAD KHAN,K DAWAR
NAVEED AKHTAR,Maqsood Anwar,WISAL MUHAMMAD KHAN,Amjad Siddique,MUHAMMAD SALEEM KHAN,SAMIN JAN
SADIQ ALI,IJAZ AHMAD KHAN,IMTIAZ ALI KHAN,ROZEENA HUMAYUN,M.A RAZA,ADRES KHAN,Rahamdad Khan,Zahid Hussain
NAVEED AKHTAR,WAHEED MURAD,IKRAMULLAH KHAN,SAMIN JAN,HABIB UL HASSAN,AKASH TARIQ
FARZANA GUL,MASOOD JAN,MIR AJAB KHAN,Mushtaq Ahmad,MUHAMMAD ZAFAR,GUL JAN
SULTAN MEHMOOD,MANZOOR ULLAH,SAAD ULLAH KHAN,IHSAN ULLAH,ASIM MUHAMMAD,REHMAN ULLAH KHAN
Kalim Ullah,IMDAD ULLAH,Kalim Ullah,IMDAD ULLAH,Rehmat Ullah,MUHAMMAD AZIM KHAN,Rehmat Ullah,ZAHID USMAN,MUHAMMAD AZIM KHAN,ZAHID USMAN
Zahid Hussain,SULTAN MEHMOOD WAZIR,SAAD ULLAH,ZAIR MUHAMMAD,AYESHA FAROOQ
KASHIF ALI,Zahid Hussain,Fawad Ali,Muhammad Shuaib,Wasim Sajjad,MUHAMMAD FAZIL
Zahid Hussain,SULTAN MEHMOOD,ASIM MUHAMMAD,REHMAN ULLAH KHAN,SAAD ULLAH KHAN
Munawar Zeb,WISAL MUHAMMAD KHAN,Sara Hidayat,Haroon Khan,Bakhtiar Gul,Aamir Saleem
Muhammad Shuaib,SHARIFULLAH,HASHMATULLAH,RESHMAN NAZ,IKRAMULLAH KHAN,Rahamdad Khan,SABINA MUBARIK
Ijaz Ahmad,SHAHIDA BIBI,HIDAYAT ULLAH KHAN,Muhammad Saeed,Rahamdad Khan,SAEED ULLAH KHATTAK,Muhammad Haroon
REHMAN ULLAH KHAN,MUHAMMAD SUBHAN,SAAD ULLAH KHAN,SULTAN MEHMOOD,IHSAN ULLAH
Rehman Ullah Khan , Sultan Mehmood Wazir, Muhammad Subhan, Saad Ullah, Hidayat Ullah, Aysha Farooq, Farheen Jaffar, Shazia, Inam Ali Shah , Mustafa Kamal
Shahida Naveed , Madeeha , Inayatullah Khattak and Khan Bahadar Marwat
Hina Imtiaz , Muhammad Saeed Afridi, Naeemulah, Sadiqullah, Zahid Hussain, Muzammil Shah, Muhammad Shuaib and Fida Hussain
Ihsan Ullah , Siraj Ud Din , Sultan Mehmood Wazir, Saad Ullah Khan, Alamgir Khan and Zulqarnain

Majid Ali1*, Naila Chand1, Sarzamin Khan1, Shakoor Ahmad2 and Muhammad Tahir3

..., ether extract, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extract were not affected except for crude protein which was significantly higher in the M50T50 diet group. Similarly, hematological parameters were not affected, while villus height, width, and crypt depth were significantly improved in the M50T50 diet group. These findings demonstrate that the supplementation of methanolic extract of M. oleifera and T. vulgaris in drinking water either alone or in combination i...

Li Min1, Yong Chen2, Shunying Wu3, Xuefei Zheng1 and Mucheng Xu1*

... of LPS for 24 h. The number of mineralized nodules and ALP activity in group B were significantly higher than those in group D. The protein expression of OCN and ALP in group B was significantly higher than that in group A. ALP protein expression in group D was significantly higher than that in group C. The protein expression of OCN and ALP in group B was significantly higher than that in group D. It is concluded that LPS can induce the proliferation of JDPSC...

Muhammad Umair Khan*, Zahid Rauf, Abdur Rehman, Tanvir Hussain and Mansoor Ali Khan

... relationships between fiber characteristics (such as fiber diameter, fiber length, fiber lumen length and fiber wall thickness) and pulping properties of Ipil ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) grown in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Wood chips were processed by Kraft pulping, in Pulp and Paper labo...

Muhammad Bilal Zia1*, Ashar Farooq1, Hammad Ud Din1, Barkat Ullah Khan1 and Samee Ud Din2

...r its products either timber or non-timber based, has grown interest for its expansion to develop advanced processes for its utilization.

...

Hadi Awad Hassooni1, Safaa Sabbar Atiyah2*, Alaa Saleh Jassim1 

...eason, starting from October 2022 to April 2023, using 60 Holstein cows aged between 4-6 years. The results showed that cows had two genotypes of DIK20, with sizes of 190/181 and 180/170 base pairs, with distribution rates of 36.21 and 63.79%, respectively. Results obzerved highly significant differences (P≤0.01) between the genetic variants. The study also found significant differences (P≤0.05) between the genetic polymorphisms 180/170 and 190/181 in th...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Sarzamin khan1, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Abubakar Sufyan2 and Muhammad Ayaz3

...the combined effect of fiber degrading enzymes (β-Mannanase) and soybean hulls on the egg quality parameters in the laying hens during the early (29 to 32 weeks) peak production period. Two hundred golden brown (RIR×Fayoumi) layer birds of age 28 weeks were used for the experimental purpose and were assigned into five groups CON, T1, T2, T3, and T4. Each group contained 4 replicates with 10 birds per replicate. The CON group had a corn-soybean basal...

Mohamed A. Abu El-Hamd1*, Abd El-Salam M. Metwally2, Mohamed I. Bassiouni2, Mohamed M. Hegazy2, Mohamed A. El-Gendy1 and Mohammed A. El-Magd3

...a significantly lower number of days open and services per conception and a significantly greater conception rate than other groups. With these results, we conclude that supplementation of Friesian cows with a diet containing permissible limits of organic trace minerals could significantly improve the digestibility coefficient, nutritive values, reproductive performance, and milk yield compared to cows fed on inorganic trace elements.

...

 

Chika Bright Ikele1*, Ugwu Venita Uju1, Chioma Faith Ikele2

... in a 96 micro-wells chambers, with 3 sub-replicates of approximately 160 theronts. Mortality occurred in all groups except in the control group during the exposure period. 24-h theront mortality was highest in bitter leaf extracts and least in cashew leaf extract. Mortality was also dependent on extract concentration and extraction solvent. The two highest mortalities of 54.2% and 53.1% occurred at 0.1 g/ml ethanol and chloroform extracts of bitter leaf, resp...

Muddasir Khan1, Siraj-Ud-Din1, Muhammad Farooq2* and Sanam Zarif2

...es each. The families Berberidaceae, Fumariaceae, Papaveraceae, Malvaceae Tilliaceae, Oxalidaceae, Geraniaceae, Simaroubaceae, Meliaceae, Celastraceae, Sapindaceae, Rosaceae Platanaceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Cactaceae, Ulmaceae, Cannabaceae, Cuscutaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapotaceae, Myrsinaceae, Convolvulaceae, Fagaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Boraginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Vitaceae, Violaceae, Saliaceae and Acanthaceae, were represent...

Majeed Ajafar1, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory1*, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2

...mpany hatchery from November 11, 2023, to December 2, 2023, to demonstrate the effect of Lysophospholipid (LPL) injection on hatching eggs on the quality of hatched chicks. A total of nine hundred eggs were used in this study. All the eggs were set in an automatic incubator at the same time. On the 12th day of embryonic age, half of the eggs (450 eggs) were divided into 6 groups (75 eggs per group). The first egg group was k...

Sariffudin Fatmona*, Sri Utami, Gunawan

...ith the breeders. The number of cattle involved is 230 cattle and aged more than two years old. Furthermore, their weight was measured using the Djagra formulation. The variables studied include Post Partum Estrus, Post Partum Mating, Calving Interval, and Weight by calculating the mean, standard deviation, and variety coefficient. The results further obtained that on average, the cattle first gave birth at the age of 32.97 months old had a Standard Deviation ...

Thuong Thi Nguyen1*, Thoa Thi Kim Nguyen1,2, Thuan Khanh Nguyen3, Meera C. Heller4

... in 2022. The average number of dairy cows per smallholder farm was approximately 9 cows with 11.52 ± 4.56 kg/cow/day. Milk yield was measured for the total number of dairy cows per smallholder, and 10 milk quality parameters included somatic cell count (SCC) and others (total solid, fat, solid-non-fat, crude protein, pH, free fatty acids, lactose, temperature, true protein), and examined by Foss–Milkoscan machi...

Migie Handayani1*, Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto2, Jamhari Jamhari2

...ivestock, feed costs, number of livestock, feeding management, marketing management, and adoption of feed technology. The implication of this study is an arrangement of management livestock training by the local Government and encouragement of farmers to engage in such management training, with practical topics on feed technology and management and marketing management. 
 
Keywords | Feed managemen...

Syed Basit Rasheed*, Farrah Zaidi, Samiullah and Tehmina Jan

...ended from March to November with a unimodal distribution and population reaching its peak during the month of August. A supplementary collection from Charun area of Chitral revealed 12 species of Phlebotomus and four species of Sergentomyia. Among the total 31 species collected from both areas, six species of Phlebotomus (P. angustus, P. comatus, P. kabulensis, P. rupester, P. turanicus and P. newsteadi) collected from Chitral and a single species of Sergento...
Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Abubakar Sufyan2 and Hammad Ullah3
...the combined effect of fiber degrading enzymes (β-Mannanase) and soybean hulls (SH) on the egg quality parameters in the laying hens during the early (29 to 32 weeks) peak production period. Two hundred golden brown (RIR × Fayoumi) layer birds, 28 weeks old, were used for the experimental purpose and were assigned into five groups CON, T1, T2, T3, and T4. Each group contained 4 replicates with 10 birds per replicate. The CON group had a corn-soybean...
Mubashar Hussain1,2*, Hifza Liaqat1, Muhammad Faheem Malik1
Kiran Aftab1, Moazama Batool3, Razia Iqbal1 and Somia Liaqat1
...ational Park (DVNP), Bhimber, AJK, Pakistan. Sampling was recorded fortnightly by using pan traps, sweep nets, and handpicking. A one-year survey of pollinator fauna was recorded from selected locales of DVNP from October 2019 to September 2020. We observed the same species richness in all three study sites, but a great difference was observed in species abundance. A total of 5565 individu...

Asad Sultan1, Ziaul Islam2*, Faiza Shahzadi3, Sarzamin Khan1, Rafiullah Khan1 and Ihsan Ali4

...icant increase in the number of lactic acid-producing bacteria. They also showed increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased levels of lipid peroxidation biomarkers, without a harmful effect on liver and kidney function. In conclusion, the use of natural additives is necessary to improve growth performance, and nutrient digestibility, decrease nitrogen losses, feed cost, and environmental pollution.

...

Lipigwe Lauya1*, Peace Nkiruka Okeke2, Nanma Tongnan Cosmas1 and Chukwudi Chizorom Ibeh1

...st Africa that require liberal attention. These include; inadequate diagnostic methods and algorithms for monitoring HIV-2, the possibility of dangerous genetic mutations and resurgence of super-strains, cross-reactivity of HIV types that interfere with accurate reporting of HIV-2 cases, and suboptimal/neglected treatment and care (S/NTC) for HIV-2 individuals. Additionally, gaps in surveillance infrastructure, health inequality in classifying HIV burdens base...

Abdur Rahman Khan1*, Mansoor Ali Khan1, Abdur Rehman1 and Muhammad Umair Khan1

...from wood saw dust and fibers with synthetic organic adhesive like urea formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde. The uses of nanotechnology in present day are flourishing in many fields, because of its unique properties. Nanomaterials are those materials, which have a size in between 1-100 nm. Nano level sized materials show distinct physical and mechanical properties and incomparable chemical and biological properties. Nano based composite wood products are manu...

Basheer Ahmad, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*

...nables pure rights of timber resources and, when well-managed, can significantly enhance agriculture and mitigate wood shortages. Despite concentrated efforts to familiarize and encourage innovative agri-forestry practices in Pakistan, the achievement of such initiatives is influenced by various factors. This paper examines the current limitations to agri forestry promotion in the country, which include attitudes of extension staff, weak coordination between r...

Arshama Sheraz1, Shabir Ahmed1*, Sardar Azhar Mehmood1, Wali Khan2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Fiza Sadiq Awan1

...Nanorana liebigii are members of the Bufonidae and Dicroglossidae families, respectively. Morphometric measurements were made using a non-digital vernier caliper with a resolution of 0.05 mm. HW, HL, SVL, TFL, THL, TBL, HnL, TD, END, IND, IOD, ED, LF, LH, FAL, LHU, UEW, PL, and PW were all measured. This research discovered that D. melanostictus and E. cyanophlyctis were also found but in lower numbers than D. stomaticus. Th...
Manahil Wahab1 and Anwar Ali2
... purpose. The average number of trees per acre is 100. There has been a considerable increase in the number of trees on farmlands since 1990. The normal spacing between plants on the boundaries of field is 2-3 feet whereas in case of compact plantations it is 3x3 or 4x4 feet. About 48% of the respondents procured saplings from private nurseries whereas 42% of the farmers produce planting stock in their own nurseries. Majorit...
Muhammad Ilyas1 *, Sanam Zarif Satti2 , Bashir Ullah3 and Salim Saif Ullah4
...hawar and Mansehra of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in the year 2022. Eight soil samples from each site i.e. Hazara University Mansehra and Botanical Garden, Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar were collected at a depth of 0-30 cm and brought to the Forest Chemistry Lab, Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar in polyethylene bags for soil analysis. Various soil parameters, including soil pH(1:5), electrical conductivity (EC)(1:5), soil organic matter (%), moisture...
Tanvir Hussain1, Said Akhtar2, Khalid Hussain3* and Zahid Rauf4
...haracteristics of wood fiber. For this purpose, wood samples were collected from local depots and wood fibers from each species were separated adopting standard laboratory procedures. Results showed that Walnut (Juglans regia) fibers were comparatively longer in llength followed by Pohu (Parotia jacouemontiana), Mulberry (Morus alba), Black locust (Robi...
Ehtisham1, Rizwan ur Rehman1, Raja Wajahat1, Tabarak Ashraf1, Shabir Ahmad Jan1, Arz Muhammad1 and Ahmad Zamir2*
... in Galiyat region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. To achieve these study goals surveys were conducted in various parts of Galiyat during June to September 2022. Data was collected both for population of monkeys by visual encounter method and interaction with tourists while interview responses were obtained by developing questionnaires. On the basis of encounter rates and population estimates, nine major interact...
Salman Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Basheer Ahmad1, Nowsherwan Zarif1* and Saif Ullah Khan1
Saddam Rasham1*, Sohaib Ahmed1, Arz Muhammad Umrani1, Sidra Jamil2, Tariq Khan1, Shehr Yar Nasim3, Safi Ullah1, Haseeb Ahmad1 and Asfand Yar Nasim1
...to an increase in the number of employment opportunities available and has helped to contribute to improvements in the physical infrastructure.
Keywords: Local Community, Perception, Pressure, Tourism, Azad Jammu & Kashmir.
...
Syed Farooq Shah1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
... The Peshawar area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan underwent a survey of farm households to study the factors that affect the potential of agroforestry and the challenges that farmers confront in implementing it. The opportunity to achieve these objectives exists because of Pakistan's traditional agroforestry land management method. The ownership of any timber resource can be established by planting trees on privately owne...
Tanvir Hussain1, G. M. Nasir2, and Ayaz Marwat3
...f important Pakistani Timbers. Wood samples of commercial/ non-commercial timbers were collected from different climate areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Basic anatomical data with three Dimensional images (3D) were loaded into the developed software program. Each species was properly given; Scientific name, possible local names, catalogue number, nature of w...
Ashar Farooq1 and Shakeel Ahmad2
...alam Forest Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In Billion Tree Afforestation Project certain targets were given to the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Forest Department for bad land stabilization. In Kalam Forest Division, total four sites were treated with bad land stabilization techniques in Asrait, Niam, Kullaly, and Dabargai localities respectively. In all these areas, the techniques adopted include Check Dams, Diversion Channels, Vegetat...
Muhammad Umar Atique1, Sanam Zarif Satti1, Muhammad Ilyas1*
...ash, protein, fat/oil, fiber, and carbohydrate content were determined. The results of the study revealed that Bauhinia variegata has a maximum percentage (12.56%) of protein content, followed by Acacia nilotica (10.28%) and Ceratonia siliqua (6.54%). The maximum carbohydrate percentage was found in Acacia nilotica (39.41%) followed by Bauhinia variegata (33.8%), while the minimum concentration (27.48%) was found in Ceratonia siliqua. Relatively high concentra...
Afra Siab1, Saif Ullah Khan1, Anwar Ali1, Nowsherwan Zarif1, Basheer Ahmad1, Salman Ahmad1
...a term, involves the deliberate growing of trees and shrubs with crops and/or animals in interacting combinations for a variety of objectives. Historically, farmers often retained trees on their farms to sustain agricultural production, reduce soil erosion, retain water and provide shade, and generate income. The study was conducted in District Bannu. For the comprehensive study of agroforestry both primary and secondary data were obtained. Major portion of se...
Basheer Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Salman Ahmad1, Nowsherwan Zarif1* and Saif Ullah Khan1
...th Initiative" in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province's Forestry Sector. Thus, the project would work as a catalyst in helping the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Forest Department plan, create, and implement sustainable development in the forestry sector while also advancing green jobs. This research included the entire District of Buner. The major goal was to understand how the Billion Tree Afforestation Project (BTAP) would affect the loc...
Muhammad Rayyan1, Basheer Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Saif Ullah1 Khan and Salman Ahmad1
Muhammad Farooq1*, Lal Badshah2 and Sanam Zarif1
...urces of Landi Kotal, Khyber during 2016-2017. The floristic diversity consisted of 93 species within 40 families. Based on number of species Asteraceae (10 spp.), Lamiaceae (8 spp.), Brassicaceae, Solanacea, Poaceae each with 6 species were the leading families. Mimosaceae (5 spp.) Caryophyllaceae (4 spp.) were the next dominant families. The other families had either 3 or less than 3 species. Biological spectrum of flora i...
Khush Bakht Arooj1, Muhammad Salman2 and Naveed Ahmed3
...r honey production in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In this study the primary data was collected through well-designed questionnaire and the study was carried out in different villages of Tehsil and District Bannu. A general survey was also conducted to know about the bee flora for pollen and nectar sources plants in district Bannu. The purposive random sampling method was used. During this study it was found that majority of the respondents belong to age class 21-35 (5...
Maaha Malik1, Muzakir Shah2, Muhammad Naqash2, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Safdar Ali Shah2, Bushra Khan1, Sayyed Masoom Shah2, Zahid Mahmood2, Syed Talha Kamil2, Kamal Anwar2 and Faisal Khalid2
Pervez Manan1, Farhat Jabeen1 and Ahmad Zamir2
...tween Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), South Waziristan, Chitral, Gilgit Baltistan and Azad Jamu & Kashmir (Sherani and Urooj, 2019). As the potential economic benefits of Chilghoza to local livelihoods is worth billions of rupees annually thus economic importance is always given priority and its most important role of the maintenance and protection of vital ecosystem services (e.g. carbon storage and climate change mitigation, soil and flood protectio...
Zahid Mahmood1, Mohammad Salim2, Nowsherwan Zarif1, Zahid Rauf1, Muhammad Naqash1 and Ahmad Hussain3
...ghts work, and bolted timbers joints, nailed timbers, notched timber, mallets and others. Eucalyptus camaldulensis may be used in bearing blocks, bolted timbers, carving, furniture, patterns, pencil, paving blocks, rollers, sheaves, shuttles, wedges, etc. Popular euphratica may be used for bearing blocks, bolted tim...
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Ayaz Khan
...grown in Swat valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in order to observe variations in structural features and evaluate technological properties to improve the quality the wood species for better utilization. Permanent slides of cross, radial and tangential sections of each wood species were prepared, observed under the microscope and data were collected for the frequency and dimensional measurement of different wood elements/ structures in each wood species. On the basis...
Kaleem Mehmood1, Sultan Muhammad2 and Altaf Hussain3
...so obtain low quality timber from these plantations such as small ballies etc. which is used in kacha, semi paka houses and sheds for livestock because the Chir plantation are not mature in the study area. These plantations help in creating the income opportunity of local communities by selling of wood like Eucalyptus specie which is cut after regular intervals. Some individuals are also benefiting from the sale of fuel wood and grasses along with opportunitie...
Tanvir Hussain and G. M. Nasir
...ficients from June-September of the previous year to current growth years in case of precipitation and during the month of June in case of temperature. Significant positive correlation was found with June of the current growth season in case of mean monthly temperature. Moreover, June temperature along-with availability of rainfall has been found favoring the growth of this tree species....
Sanam Zarif Satti1, Tanvir Ahmad Quereshi2, Mehwish Zarif3 and Iftikhar Ahmad4
..., Bauhinia variegata, Berberis aristata, Caltha alba, Cordia oblique were collected from different areas of Abbotabad, Murree, Swat and Kashmir in the month of May-June analyzed for their nutraceutical potential. Results of phytochemical screening reveals that among all the plant species promising total phenolics total flavonoids and antioxidant activity was observed. Highest value of total phenolic content was observed for B.aristata (80.25 mg GAE ...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim1, Hassan Sher2, Junaid Khan2, Shahid Hussain2, Ashfaq Ali2 and Atif Majeed3
...epresented by maximum number of 6 species followed by Apiaceae and Solancaceae represented by 4 species each. Alliaceae was represented by 3 species while Amaranthaceae, Asterceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae and Pllygonaceae were represented by 2 species each. All other families were represented by 1 species each. Documented plants have defined uses for different purposes in the traditional systems of medicines. Plants species were also classified into five conser...
Khalid Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Tanvir Hussain
...ifferent dimensions of fiber, vessel and wood rays of each species. Results showed that maximum average ring growth rate was found in Paulownia catalpifolia and the highest heartwood percentage was observed in Paulownia tomentosa. Maximum fiber length and fiber diameter was measured in P. catalpifolia and the lowest in Paulownia fortune. Greatest fi
Muhammad Yousaf Khan and Pervez Manan
...ia. In response local members of Nazism, Councilors and Farmers assembled in front of the same Press Club within a week after the NGO function and recorded their wrath on the role of NGOs and demanded for more plantation of eucalyptus trees on their private and communal lands on the score being the best tree of high economic importance for their lively hood. Surprisingly this protest could not get the required publicity in media. It is pertinent to mention th...
Muhammad Yousaf Khan and Raees Khan
...rtation, marketing of timber and reforestation operations.

Scientific forest management not only ensure sustainability of forests in terms of crop health, fulfillment of silvicultural requirements at different ages and stages of growth of valuable forest species but contribute to the national cause by equitable resource production adding to financial, social, economical and even law and order aspects of the society. The scientific management of forests ...

Asad Abbas Khan1, Amina Batool2, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Ehtesham Asghar3, Abdul Ghafoor1 and Muhammad Arif1
... parameters including number of leaves per plant, plant height, number of inflorescence and number of tillers per plant at three different growth stages i.e., vegetative, flowering and maturity of grasses was analyzed statistically by ANOVA using RCBD. Significant results were observed among selected grass species in terms of biomass production and growth potential and revealed that Cyn...
Asad Abbas Khan1, Amina Batool2, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Ehtesham Asghar3, Abdul Ghafoor1 and Muhammad Arif1
... parameters including number of leaves per plant, plant height, number of inflorescence and number of tillers per plant at three different growth stages i.e., vegetative, flowering and maturity of grasses was analyzed statistically by ANOVA using RCBD. Significant results were observed among selected grass species in terms of biomass production and growth potential and revealed that Cyn...
Zahid Rauf, Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi, Ghayyas Ahmad and Wahiba Iqbal
...nducted in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa under the Project, "Provision for Forestry Research Enhancement at Pakistan Forest Institute" funded by the Forestry, Environment and Wildlife Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to estimate the quantitative wood consumption and types of wood species utilized by the various wood based industries to help various stake holders and policy makers for sustainable forest management and su...
G. M. Nasir
...onger and thick-walled fibers and Kao and Anjir wood may be medium in strength as the fibers are comparatively thin-walled. In order to increase service life, preservative treatment of wood before utilization may be necessary for all the studied species because of larger size or higher frequency of wood rays. Lasura, Shreen, Dhak, Tun and Ritha wood can be easily treated with chemicals and seasoned as the vessels are suffici...
Nasim Abbas, M. Yousaf Khan, Tanvir Hussain and Muhammad Zahid
... thick walled and long fibers were observed which showed its better strength. The wood may be less durable or non-durable, however, chemical preservation can be made easily to enhance its durability. Seasoning may also be done easily if due care is provided. After that the determined results have been compared with shisham wood (Dalbergia sissoo). It can be used as alternate of shisham wood in manufacturing work after...
Bilal Ahmad1, Maqsood Anwar2 and Muhammad Sadiq Khan3
...cted from literature. Dabber Tangy (Chrhat), Obukhwarh, Topdara areas sampling points were selected for data collection. Many flocks were observed during the study in which the average numbers in each flock was 10-12. Majority of the respondents 22 (55%) replied that Chukar is present in abundance at Topdara, 28 (70%) replied that its population is decreasing due to habitat destruction and 20 (60%) replied that Jackal is its...
Anwar Ali1, Saz Muhammad2, Zakir Hussain3, Khadim Abbas4 and Kiramat Husain5
... in 2016. The average number of trees was estimated at 85 per ha showing very sparse nature of the forests. Kail is the single dominant species (85.26%) in the forests. In co-dominant species, Fir consists of 5.85%, Juniper 3.9% and Spruce 2.09% of the total trees sampled during the inventory. Birch is the only broad-leaved species recorded during the inventory with 2.89% trees. Diameter class distribution shows that the forest is overwhelmingly young and cons...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir, Tanvir Hussain and Khalid Hussain Sulangi
...ter of the vessels. ...
Ashar Farooq1; Farid Shah2; Saifullah Zahri2 and Samiullah Jaffar2
...s used to measure the number of individuals per unit area of Seriphidium at both sites. For measuring the concentration of Fe+, the plant samples were dried, digested and analyzed on AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometer). It has been concluded that there was non-significant impact of browsing upon the nutrient concentration but there was a significant difference in plant cover, height and density at un-protected and protected sites....
Anwar Ali1, Muhammad Ismail2 and Kiramat Husain3
...3/ha. The total timber in the forests of District Astore is estimated at 6,010,475 m3 with average of 274.81 m3/ha. Similarly the total small wood/fuelwood is estimated at 1,154,537 m3. The future growing stock for 2026 is estimated at 8,368,376 m3 with average of 382.62m3/ha. This is equal to annual increment of 5.50 m3/ha. The study noted lack of regeneration in most of the forest areas ...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad1, Syed Ajmal Rahim2, Junaid Mumtaz3 and Syed Akmal Rahim4
...sons with 1-2 earning members per household. 60% were literate including 2% with religious education. The study revealed that 30% of the respondents have agriculture as a sole source of livelihood whereas 70% also have other activities along with agriculture. Majority 94% were landowners with 6% tenants /landless. 54% respondents belonged to middle class (i.e. own pacca house and have less than 10 acres) have sufficient land to plant trees. Forest tree plantat...
Ahmad Khan and Muhammad Ayaz Khan
..., Pakistan, Wildlife, Khyber Paktunkhwa, land use change.

...
Rukhsana Kausar1, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2 and Mian Muhammad Shafiq3
...d Chir pine (Pinus roxberghii) lies in Himalayan foot hills. Murree is the most popular hill station lying in foot hills of Himalaya. It is the most popular picnic resort. But other land uses are always threat to remove forests and make commercial areas and housing societies. To prevent land use conflict and to convince planners and policy makers it is important to evaluate non-tangible benefits (Ecotourism) of forests. Ecotourism is the travel to enjoy...
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Khalid Hussain
...nd hardness in view of fiber morphological characteristics. Ash wood grown in Kashmir may be better in seasoning and preservation behavior due to its vessels frequency and diameter. Moreover, on the basis of parenchyma distribution Ash wood grown in Kashmir may be comparatively durable against biological decaying agents as compared to that of grown in Quetta, Balochistan....
Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Anwar Panezai and Ashif Sajjad
...ople are having great number of livestock which is grazed on the forest land/range land throughout the year. These livestock damage the land cover and also damage the regeneration within the area.

Key Words: Degradation of Forest, Sherani District, Socioeconomic Factors.

...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Muhammad Waseem
...t increase in species number was recorded in family Noctuidae. Temporal Temperature showed highly significant (p<0.01) impact on species number. There was a positive linear correlation between increasing temperature and number of insect species, as well as between precipitation and species number.

Key words: Climate change, Temperature, Precipitat...

A. S. M. Helal Siddiqui1, Abul Khair2, M. Masudur Rahman3 and S.M. Mosfeka Hasnin4
... one of the important timber species in the Sundarbans. Passur belongs to the family Meliaceae. The canopy of Passur is dense, heavy and the stem is cleared bole. The tree attains a height of 15-20 m and the exploitable age 100 years. Now Passur is affected by heart rot problem. Actually heart rot is internal damaged condition locally known as "dhor". The fruit body, gall and cankers are developed on the different portion of the standing living trees. ...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...reserve District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Animals select habitats for cover, food, water and breeding. We examined habitat selection of Grey francolin (Francolinus pondicerianus) in Sewagali Game Reserve. The main method used for collection of data was line transects. We observed 58 Grey francolins; identified six habitat types and were mapped using GIS and field surveys. The species was observed in three of the available six habita...
Zahid Rauf and Syed Jawad Raza
...is) wood grown in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was tested for its physico-mechanical properties and pulping characteristics to find out its better utilization. Results revealed that the comparatively high value of cleavage made it better for carving and cutting works. A comparison of physico-mechanical properties of Chinar (Platanus orientalis) wood with that of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) wood properties also showed ...
Sarfraz Hasan Dogar and Ashar Farooq
...ra Ghazi Khan during October, 2010 for comparison of forage production & carrying capacity in seeded & unseeded range areas. Reseeding was done during 2009-2010. Data were collected by laying out eight transect lines each 30 meters long, four each in seeded and unseeded areas. Forty quadrats (1x1m) i.e. 20 in seeded area and 20 in unseeded area were studied for forage yield determination. Data were statistically analyzed using t-test. Results revealed that for...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...reserve District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. We investigated habitat selection of Black francolin (Francolinus francolinus) in Sewagali Game Reserve. The main method for collecting data was line transects. We observed 75 Black francolins, six habitat types were identified in the reserve and were mapped using GIS and field surveys. The species was distributed in three of the available six habitat types: woody ravines, shrub land and agr...
Hakim Shah1, Mamoona Wali Muhammad1 Muhammad Afrasiyab2 and Javed Iqba3
...istrict Battagram, of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan using the 1ox1o confluence points as defined in FRA 2010. Cloud free satellite image of Landsat TM acquired in September 2009 was used for achieving the objective. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) procedure was adopted in ArcGIS software for spatial modeling of site quality for afforestation. Analytical hierarchical process (AHP) defined mul...
Tanvir Hussain and G. M. Nasir
...se and Indian Teak the fibers were comparatively longer, narrow or thick walled and the wood may be relatively better in strength. The vessels were higher in frequency or larger in size in Indonesian and Burmese Teak for the reason the wood may be comparatively easy to season. The wood rays were lower in frequency or smaller in size in Indonesian and Indian Teak due to that the wood may be somewhat more durable among the studied wood samples.

...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...reserve District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Animals select resources for food, cover and nest sites. If a variety of habitats are available to an animal, it selects some and avoids others. We examined habitat preferences of Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) in Sewegali Game Reserve. The main method used for collecting data was line transects. We observed 146 Chukar partridges; identified six habitat types and were mapped using GIS a...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir and Khalid Hussain Solangi
...that in Pilu wood, the fibers were short, medium in diameter, wide lumened, fairly thick-walled and occupied about one third volume of the wood. The vessels were medium in frequency, smaller in diameter and engaged minimum volume of the wood. The wood rays were medium in frequency, a bit larger in size and occupied almost one third wood volume as fibers. The axial parenchyma was abundant and also occupied approximately one t...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan
...he plains situated in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Balochistan and Sindh while flowing from north to south. The precipitation received in the catchments of Indus is in the form of snowfall during December to March and the monsoon rain during the summer. The precipitation received both in the form of winter snowfall and monsoon rains is almost of equal quantity. The snowfall occurs at the extreme north in Mansehra, Swat, Upper...
Tariq Mahmood
...lion hectares (4.8%). Khyber Pakhtunkhwa occupies around 1.3 million hectares (30%). Land use and land cover change using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) has become a central component in current strategies for managing natural resources. Therefore, an attempt was made in this study to map out the status of land cover of District Abbottabad using RS and GIS. The total land cover area calculated was about 4, 41,408 acres. Forest (30....
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Abid Hussain
...age, fodder and minor timber production and 16.6% respondents reported for timber (packing and casing wood industry). According to ecological requirement of Babul, respondents and personal experience confirmed that Babul can survive with occasional irrigation in water poor areas, less supervision and management practices. It increases the soil fertility and rehabilitates the land for raising agriculture crops in due course o...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim and Sohail Sikander
...habitat conditions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Five years cultivation data of Linum usitatisimum is analyzed with the objective to find best habitat for the growth and maximum yield of Linum usitatisimum and also to give farmer an easy way to get maximum benefit of his land resources during the rabbi season. The study revealed that Linum usitatisimum shows maximum yield at D. I. Khan....
Bazmir Khan1, Mazhar Iqbal2 and Anwar Ali3
...udy resulted in 4,710 number of Demoiselle and 1,250 numbers of Eurasian Cranes in autumn, 2010 and 35,688 Demoiselle and 2,652 Eurasian Cranes in spring, 2011. It is suggested that regular seasonal monitoring surveys will be helpful to assess the trends in the population of migratory cranes. Options were also identified for conservation of cranes in Balochistan.

Key words: Population monitoring, awareness, conservati...

Naveed Ahmed
...> Stebb. were less in number. All the species were found to attack on weakened and severely stressed, wind-blown or wind-broken trees or logs. Attacked is followed by rust causing fungus on the dead and dying trees. All the bark beetles species made the holes of various sizes in twigs, branches and tree trunk and made galleries of different shapes and sizes beneath the bark which made longitudinal tunnels in affected part....
Ch. Muhammad Muslim, Sohail Sikander and Shabbir Mughal
... of growth regulator (Gibberellic acid) on seed germination of Colchicum luteum was conducted at PFI, Peshawar. Different lots of seeds were treated against 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm solution of Gibberellic acid for 24 hours at room temperature and were sown in polythene tubes filled with a mixture of soil, sand and farm yard manure in equal proportion for germination test. It was found that seed lot treated with 300 ...
Anwar Ali, Ayaz Khan and Hakim Shah
...g growing demands for timber and fuelwood in the country. Agroforestry has made substantial progress in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa under various social forestry projects launched by the government with support from international donor agencies. However, the adoption of agroforestry practices are slow in the province due to several reasons. Farmers' attitude and perception, small landholdings, land tenure system, limited marketin...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim and Sohail Sikander
...versely affected by a number of climatic and edaphic factors (earthquake). Drug plants occurring at higher elevations acquire perennial nature due to short growing season of 4 to 6 months and hence require a prolong growth periods of 6 to 10 years depending upon plant species concerned. Disturbance in the regeneration pattern is also affected by heavy grazing and intensive felling of trees in particular area. Due to increase in population and simultaneously of...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...ng and hard and Jand, Mulberry, Ghaz, Ash and Ber wood may be better in strength and moderately hard due to longer, thick-walled or narrow lumened fibers. The Apple wood may be medium in strength and comparatively soft because of thin-walled and wide lumened fibers. The wood of all the studied species may be non-durable due to higher frequency or larger size of wood rays and need preservat...
Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi and Sanam Zarif Satti
...ation increased from October to November followed by gradual decrease from the month of November to February (22.45%). Samples stored at room temperature showed rapid reduction in Vitamin C (24.49%) and those stored under controlled conditions (25oC and 50% RH) showed slight reduction (6.49%)....
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Muhammad Muslim
...vey was conducted in Bhimber district of Azad Jammu & Kashmir with the objectives to explore plant wealth and examine the status of biodiversity. The plain area falls under dry subtropical broad leaved thorn forests and hilly area under dry subtropical Chir pine forests. Bhimber district is very rich in biodiversity, enchanting valley present panoramic views to the visitors and is important from Archaeological point of view....
Muhammad Yousaf Khan, Ayaz Khan and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah
...Project (FSP) and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Forest Department. Though extension work is a challenging job but the challenge has been accepted by the extension agents and has been addressed properly in Chitral. ...
Muhammad Nawaz Rajpar, Mohamed Zakaria, Ebil Yusof and Kamziah Abd Kudus
...ethod from March to December, 2009. The Purple Heron; Ardea purpurea (1083 detections; 29.11%), Black-crowned Nightheron; Nycticorax nycticorax (811 detections; 21.80%), Grey Heron; Ardea cinerea (506 detections; 13.60%) were the three most abundant waterbird species and Pintail Snipe; Gallinago stenura was the rarest waterbird species recorded only once (0.03%). The Ardeidae (2816 observations; 75.70) was the most dominant family w...
Fariha Iqbal, Nowsherwan Zarif and Tariq Mahmood
...mercial harvesting of timber in the uplands of the country was imposed by the Government of Pakistan in October 1992, in response to the catastrophic floods. The primary motive behind the imposition was to restore and improve the forest cover in critical watersheds. As an aftermath of 1992 floods and timber harvesting ban (THB), participatory forest management became popular to manage fore...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...d grown in Punjab, the fibers are fairly longer and thick-walled, the wood rays are smaller in size and lower in frequency and the vessels are larger in diameter. The wood may be relatively better in strength, less non-durable and easier to season and preserve than that of grown in Sindh. ...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Muhammad Muslim
...minant followed by Dalbergia sissoo (pole crop), Acacia modesta, Bombax ceiba and Vitex negundo.

In Kotli district surveyed Charoi, Kohi-ratta, Anderla-kathera, Phalli, Barhai-gala, Makhwai-nala, Mothani-nala, Kerala-gali, Galyali-cross, Nakyal (Fatehpur) and Tatapani localities. The dominant species at upper elevation were Pinus roxburghii, Olea ferruginea, Pistacia integerrima, Mallotus philippensis, Pyrus pashia, Ficus auricula...

Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Miskeen Ali
...ionship in ten exotic mulberry germplasm accessions. The results showed highly significant (p<0.01) variation in all agronomic traits. Both direct and indirect interactions were found among the traits. The highest genetic coefficient of variation (GCV) was 48.18% in total shoot length (TSL), while the lowest GCV was 3.27% in number of branches per plant (NB). The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was 48.19% i...
Tariq Mahmood and Zulfiqar Ali
... of water, land, food, fiber, fuel, timber and other resulting in the disappearance of forests, expansion of desertification, soil erosion and flooding of rivers, thus threatening the life on the planet earth.

The importance of soil conservation/watershed management was first realized in the sub-continent at the start of the 19th century but the systematic work on this started in 1954 under Erosion control a...

Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...mpliceps wood, the fibers are medium in length and reasonably thick-walled. The vessels are small in diameter and lower in frequency. The wood rays are higher in frequency and a bit larger in size. The wood may be better in strength and can be used for various wood products. Preservative treatment of wood before utilization may be required to increase the service life. However, the process of preservation and seasoning of wood may be slow. ...
Muhammad Nawaz Rajpar and Mohamed Zakaria
...netting days within December, 2007 to November, 2008. White-throated Kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis) 66 captures; 32.84% and Yellow Bittern (Ixobrychus sinensis); 49 captures; 24.38% were the two most abundant waterbird species while Yellow-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier) 379 captures; 29.68% and Peaceful Dove (Geopelia striata) 152 captures; 11.90% were the two most abundant terrestrial bird species...
Enefiok S. Udo1, Opeyemi Olajide1 and Eyo A. Udoh2
...omically valuable non-timber forest products were enumerated in all the sample plots. Species diversity and dominance concentration indices of the different life-forms were determined using Shannon-Wiener diversity and Simpson's dominance concentration functions, respectively. Forty six plant species comprising 16 tree species, 17 shrub species, 8 herb species and 5 climber species were encountered. Apart from Baphia...
Babar Khan1, Muhammad Zafar Khan2 and Garee Khan2
...needs of fuelwood and timber of rural communities in the arid and semi arid mountainous areas. We have evaluated the extent of agro forestry and its impacts on protection of natural forests in Bunji, a small village in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. On average, land fragmentation has resulted into a loss of 1.3 ha per capita during the past fifteen years. However, compared to farm land (46%) only 7% loss in land under farm forestry was observed. A remarkable chan...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...restation, the global timber trade illegalities and corrupt practices cause more than USD 10 billion losses in assets and revenues annually. In Pakistan, the deforestation rate of primary forest was 1.63% to 2.02% per annum between 1990 and 2005 despite official ban on harvesting of green trees during this period. The carbon stocks are depleting at a rate of approximately 1.78% due to burning of 31.6 million m3 fuelwood annually which is adding cons...
Akhlaq Ahmad Khan
...tality in Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo, Roxb.), the principal tree species of the Irrigated Forest Plantations of Punjab, caused by a mysterious malady that is generally known as Sisham Die-back. This tree is the main species in the irrigated agriculture fields of Punjab as well. The problem is serious enough to have caused deliberations in three Seminars arranged by the Punjab Forestry Research Institute of the Punjab...
Muhammad Afzal, Aqeela Mobeen Akhtar and M. Mahboob-ur-Rahman
... not come until late October.

...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal, Asif Raza Wazir and Ch. Muhammad Muslim
...of the inhabitants. A number of medicinal plants like Berberis lycium, Thymus serpylum, Salvia sp., Solanum suratense were also found in the area. The data reveals that due to ever-increasing human and livestock population, the area is under heavy biotic pressure resulted deforestation and soil degradation. Recommendation for the improvement of vegetation in the area was made of soil, unemployment and poor live...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad and Iftekhar Ahmed
...% of them one earning member and 70% were directly employed in fishery sector. 80% respondents had their own livestock and agriculture land. Avuaennia marina is mostly fed to the animals as lopped from vicinity forests. Water shortage, erosion and salinity were main problems faced by the agriculturists.

The study revealed that only 8% of the respondents were utilizing mangrove vegetation as a whole for fuel purpose. Responses about priority o...

Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Miskeen Ali
...ing.

Key words: Mulberry silkworm, hybrid vigour, heterosis, multiple evaluation index, sub-ordinate function

...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...rength on the basis of fiber morphological characteristics. The wood of all the studied species may be somewhat non-durable because of higher frequency or larger size of wood rays and need chemical treatment before utilization. However, Neem, wood may not require preservation due to its chemical composition. Preservative treatment and seasoning of wood of all the studied species (except Sohanjna) may be slow or somewhat difficult due to medium sized or smaller...
Maqsood Anwar1, Abdul Wahid Jasra2 and I. Ahmad3
... two-three decades, a number of animal and plant species have become threatened or endangered mainly due to over-exploitation and loss of natural habitat. Deforestation, overgrazing, soil erosion, salinity and water logging have become major threats to Pakistan's remaining biodiversity.

The Government of Pakistan being aware of the situation recognized the importance to protect country's environment and prepared the National Conservation Str...

Tahir Laeeq1, Tariq Mahmood2 Mohammad Amin3 and Khurshid Alam4
...ivation and stress of timber and fuel wood due to ease of accessibility. For soil and water conservation it is suggested that, the land should be utilized according to its capability class, grazing should be regulated through a proper system, plantation along with protection of local as well as exotic species should be carried out and soil conservation technique should be adopted if lands are to be cultivated. ...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim, Muhammad Shabbir Mughal and Imtiaz Hussain
...i> (Surajan talkh) has tuberous root system, oval in shape and bears a dark brown colour. Leaves are 6-12 inches in length. It is round in shape and small when it flowers. Flowers are 1-2 inches in length and 1.5 inches broad. The flowers are hermaphrodite. Fruit is 0.5-1 inches in length and bear seeds. Seeds are 2-3 mm in diameter and are ovate in shape. These are light brown in colour and are bitter to taste. A trial of Colchicum luteum was laid out ...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
... seven months (April-October) having mean maximum temperature >30oC. There was 30% decrease in rainfall during the study period. The climate was shifted towards dry tropical with eight months receiving <25 mm rainfall. The rainfall was reduced drastically in spring and late summer seasons. Evaporation and wind increased 1.59 times and 1.40 times, respectively. The results indicated a significant feedback mechanism among temperature, rainfall and eva...
Amjad Ali Ch., Javaid Ahsan, Tariq Mehmood, Shahzad Fazal, Punjab Forestry Research Institute, Faisalabad and Nowsherwan Zarif
...also interviewed. The number of livestock kept was highly correlated with the size of landholdings of people. Major source of income was from livestock rearing. For grazing purpose, the dependence of people on vegetation of Govt./state owned Rakhs varied from 74-99.9 percent. More than 52 percent forage requirements of livestock of all respondents remained unmet after grazing. Grazing problems faced by the majority of graziers were low carrying capacity of Rak...
G. M. Nasir and Iqbal Mahmood
... thick walled and long fibers. It is stronger than Shisham wood in different mechanical properties. The wood may be less durable but can be easily preserved with chemicals. Similarly the wood can be seasoned well without any difficulty. After careful processing, Robinia wood can also be used as substitute of Shisham wood for manufacturing of furniture and cabinet work etc. Furthermore, it may also be used for pulp and paper manufacturing due to higher morpholo...
Malik Mahboob ur Rehman1, Muhammad Rafiq2, Amjad Ali Ch.3, Tariq Mahmood4, Javaid Ahsan5 and Shahzad Fazal6
...c was carried out in October, 2007 to assess the forage production of treated (reseeded) and untreated areas which was partially reseeded in 1999-2000 under PFSDP. Cenchrus ciliaris (Dhaman) was the principal grass species (85%) in treated areas while Eleucine flagellifera (Chimber) (38.72%) in untreated areas. General grass coverage on the average was 9.7% and 36.75% in un-treated and treated pastures respecti...
Iqbal Mahmood, Gul Rukh and Tanvir Hussain
... recommended for a number of uses due to its better strength figures....
Amjad Ali Ch., Tariq Mahmood, Shahzad Fazal and Nowsherwan Zarif
...CP), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL).With increasing clipping stage, concentration of DM, OM, NDF, ADF and ADL increased in all plant parts whereas CP contents declined with increasing clipping stage. One month clipping stage these grasses got optimum nutritional value and sustained grass vigor....
G. M. Nasir
... In local ash wood the fiber are comparatively longer, narrow and the vessels are smaller in diameter due to which the wood is somewhat hard and heavy as compared to European ash wood. However, locally grown ash wood is more suitable when the product strength is an important factor....
Ghayyas Ahmad, Anwar Ali, Miskeen Ali and Irfan Akhtar
...oduction of knot-free timber. However, it may lead to reduction in growth rate of the tree. Populus euramericana cv-1-214 is a hybrid poplar that has been planted on a large scale in Pakistan for the production of low to medium quality timber. This long term study, covering almost the complete rotation length of the Hybrid poplar, was conducted to find out the effects of three different intensities of pruning i.e. pru...
G. M. Nasir and Noreen Fatima
...cially less important timbers grown in Punjab were studied to assess their technological properties and predict better utilization other than the traditional uses. Permanent slides of cross, radial and tangential sections of each species were prepared by standard laboratory techniques and observed under the microscope for various structural features. Data were collected for the frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements/ structures in ea...
Iqbal Mahmood
...i> spp.), shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) and mulberry (Morus alba) woods and the same wood species found in United States of America. The results of this study reveal that the local white bakain is superior in strength than exotic species. It has also better strength when compared with other commercial hardwoods and is recommended for a number of uses. ...
Asad Ullah, Abdur Rashid and Sher Aman
...95%) were utilized as Timber, 18(90%) Fuel wood, 13(65%) Medicinal, 12(60%) Agro forestry, 12(60%) Agricultural tools, 10(50%) Fodder, 10(50%) Plants yielding fruits, 8(40%) Thatching/sheltering, 8(40%) Fencing, 3(15%) Condiment/spice, 8 (40%) Furniture, 7(35%) Ornamental, 6(30%) honey bee flora, 3(15%) Beverage, 1(5%) Bark used for writing, 1(5%) Bark used for huts/rooms, 1(5%) wool dye. Being a far flung area, the locals totally depend upon the Plant Natural...
Hasanuzzaman, Md., H. Mahmood, H.L. Sharif and Md. N. Islam
... Weight loss.

...
Wali-ur-Rahman, Muhammad Khan and Muhammad Nawaz Rajpar
... of PFI-1 and Kanmasi mulberry varieties of Morus alba L. on the larval growth, cocoon characters and larval and pupal mortality of 6 silkworm strains of Bombyx mori L. Silkworm strains fed on the PFI-1 mulberry variety showed an increment of 9.91% and 0.936% in larval and cocoon shell weight and 3.681 and 3.0 in percent shell ratio and good cocoons and a decrease of 9.4 and 7.6 in percent larval and pupal mo...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir, Noreen Fatima and Kanwar Muhammad Suleman
...ressure on commercial timbers grown and utilized in the country, some non-commercial timbers grown in NWFP such as Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana), Bakain (Melia azedarach), White Bakain (Ailanthus altissima), Phulai (Acacia modesta), Amaltas (Cassia fistula), Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), Ghaz (Tamarix aphylla), Chinar (Platanus or...
Ashaer Farooq, Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry and Ghulam Muhammad
...uate the impact of Dalbergia sissoo linear planting on the growth and yield of cotton crop. The crop density was significantly affected on northern, eastern and western aspect upto 3.0 m from the base of tree rows. There was non-significant affected of tree rows on southern aspect. Crop height was also significantly affected upto 3.0m distance from the base of trees on northern and western aspects while it was non-significant on eastern and southern asp...
Muhammad Afzal, Aqeela Mobeen Akhter and Masood Amjad
...f raising Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) through branch cuttings. The cuttings were prepared from one-year-old branches of resistant plus trees of Shisham having 15-20 year age and 35-40 cm diameter from different places of district Faisalabad. These cuttings were collected during January-February. The length of cuttings was kept uniform as 23 cm with a thickness of 10 mm. The cuttings were treated with bleach with 1:4 ratio for half hour to disinfect them ...
Ghazala Yasmeen
...pots during the mid November, under natural conditions. Data on growth and yield parameters were recorded and analysed. Results showed that rhizobium inoculation significantly increased the number of nodules, weight of nodules, plant height, weight of shoots and weight of pods per plant. The study reveals that rhizobial strain Thal 8 being more efficient as compared to TAL 620, can be used to increase root nodulation and yie...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Miskeen Ali
...nse of two strains of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori was worked out for fecundity, egg fertility and hatchability on different textured and colored substrata. Five (05) topographically different textured papers namely, art paper (glossy), off-set (fine), flying paper (smooth), newspaper (coarse), craft paper (control) and six (06) colors, i.e. black, green, pink, white, yellow, brown (control) in smooth texture (flying paper) were evaluated. C-102 laid...
Nasar Iqbal and Naveed Anwar Virk
...at V6 had the highest number of viable pollens followed by V4 with 95 and 91.30 percent. Similarly pollen viability with iodine gave almost the identical results as that of acetocarmine. Pollen viability on the basis of pollen germination in various concentrations of sucrose solution showed that Langra and Neelum gave the highest pollen germination in 7.5 % sucrose.

Key words: Mango, Mangifera indica, Cross compatibility, Self sterility, Pollen vi...

Kabir Dihider Shahriar, Mahmood Hossain and Ripon Kumar Debnath
...tion and inventory of timber, fruit and multiple purpose tree species were studied in 65 households of eight villages of four Thanas in four different agro-ecological zones in Bangladesh. Among the eight villages 37,674, trees were counted including 98 species of 33 families. The family Leguminosae dominated with 17 species followed by Moraceae 7, Palmaceae 6, Myrtaceae 6, Rutaceae 5, Meliaceae 4, Anonaceae 3 and rest are in other families. According to the si...
Muhammad Afzal and Aqeela Mobeen Akhter
...uds of mature tree of Mulberry. Axillary buds derived from actively growing young shoots of 6 years old Morus alba were used to initiate the culture. Successful bud shoot induction and shoot elongation was achieved on MS media with 5µM BAP concentration. High multiplication rate i.e.12 micro shoots per culture was obtained with 15µM BAP. After 4-5 weeks the shoots developed roots in the same media without adding any rooting hormones. These plant...
J. Kayode and P. O. Tedela
... root lengths and the number of lateral roots produced improved with the frequency of watering, Statistical analyses at 5% level revealed that the different watering treatments had no significant effects on these growth parameters in different soil samples. Both the soil type and the frequency of watering affected the number of nodules. The dry weight of nodules was affected by soil type but the soil type and the frequency o...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique
...n addition to a large number of nomadic herds. Principal land use of the region is grazing followed by agriculture and natural forests. The ranges in the region are classified as Alpine pastures, Trans-Himalayan grazing lands and Himalayan forest and open grazing lands. This region provides 4909.3 DM, 288.8 CP and 2402.2 TDN thousand tonnes in the form of crop residues, fodders, grazing and concentrates. However, there is shortage of feed amounting to 2508 DM,...
Muhammad Afzal1, S. M. Hafeez2 and Aqeela M. Akhter3
... trees of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) and kikar (Acacia nilotica) were heavily lopped. The study revealed that total volume including timber and small wood of shisham tree with the Quarter Girth formula (Field practice) came to be 60% on an average of the Local Volume Table figure. But the total volume of the same tree with the Cylindrical formula came to be 71% of the Local Volume Table figure. Along the same d...
Iqbal Mahmood and Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi
...nus wallichiana), mulberry (Morus alba), bhan (Populus euphratica), walnut (Juglans regia), toon (Cedrela toona). Jaman (Eugenia jambolana) and semul (Bombax ceiba) were of medium movement (3-4.5%) while deodar (Cedrus deodara), babul (Acacia nilotica), shisham (Dalbergia sisso), black siris (Albizzia lebbek), white siris (Albizzia procera) and ...
Amjad Ali Chaudhry, Chaudhry Muhammad Muslim and Muhammad Mushtaque
...) was conducted in September, 2000. Eleusine flagellifera was the key grass species. 26.37% and 16 88% ground was covered by grasses/herbs and shrubs, respectively while 56.75% was uncovered. Carrying capacity was found to be 1.003 AU/ha/yr and shrubs were the major contributors of forage. The Rakh presented miserable condition of grasses and it is strongly recommended that rotational system to be followed which promotes forage vigour by avoiding repeated a...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...esults showed that the fiber length and wall thickness generally increased from pith to bark. The fiber diameter increased progressively upto a distance of 5cm from pith after that it decreased somewhat or remained more or less constant. The vessel diameter was found to increase up to 4cm distance from the pith, reaching to its maximum value beyond that it fluctuated minutely. The frequency of vessels decreased from pith to ...
Muhammad Afzal1, Sahibzada M. Hafeez2 and Aqeela Mobeen Akhter3
...formulae i.e. Smalian, Huber and Quarter Girth tested for suitability for volume measurement of the same lot of Shisham logs, Smalian's formula gave the highest volume over the other two. For under bark volume measurement, percent ratio of Smalian, Huber and Quarter Girth formulae came to be 100:86:68 while Huber and Quarter Girth formulae gave 100:79 ratio, respectively. It is preferable ...
Kiramat Khan1, Tahir Sajjad2, Nasrullah Jan Malik2, Hassan Sher3, Farrukh Hussain4 and Muhammad Iqbal1
Bashir Ahmed Wani1, Shakeel Haider Zaidi2, Hakim Shah3 and Muhammad Muslim4
...markets and used by a number of leading manufacturing units of Greco-Arabic, Homeopathic medicines as well as allied food processing and cosmetic industries.

Keywords: Marketing potential, Herbal drugs, Medicinal plants.

...
Chaudhry Abdul Rashid1, Raja Muhammad Omer2, Chaudhry Muhammad Faisal2, Waqar Ahmed3, Zahid Ali4
...ucocephala and Dalbergia sissoo) on the growth of fast growing species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) Eight plants of E camaldulensis were replicated thrice in each treatment with a spacing of 2m x 3m. Plant height (m) and diametre at breast height (DBH) (cm) were measured annually from 1992 to 1998 Soil samples were analysed for pH, organic matter (OM) %, P, K, total soluble salts (TSS) % and soil saturation % Results indicated that the g...
Muhamamd Arif Chaudhary and Ejaz Ahmed
...ees of 5 km.

The number of dry patches, beneath the bark in the sapwood were maximum (5) in thinned canopy followed by top die (3) and vertically half dead (1). The continuity of such patches towards crown and root was confirmed by making the cross sections of stem logs and excavating root system of top die tree. Besides, there were recorded 9 dead roots in top die, 7 in thinned canopy, 6 in vertically half dead and none in healthy. A maximum num

Klaus Euler and Zulfiqar Ali Qazi
...ands Reduction in the numbers, better breeds, stall feeding, better marketing facilities, awareness raising, etc. are some of the possible remedies to reverse the trend of degradation. In order to reduce pressure on forests as a source of income, improved livestock health could be one way to do so. Based on a recent survey, the local people loose a staggering amount of 42 million rupees each year because of the livestock casualties caused by various diseases. ...
Altaf Hussain and Raja Muhammad Zarif
... supply and demand of timber, fuel-wood and fodder. Out of 700 alien species 2 forest tree species viz Broussonetia papyrifera, and Prosopis juliflora were recognized as high impact invasive. Eucalyptus camaldulensis is another example highlighting the invasive behaviour. In addition, Robinia pseudoacacia, Ailanthus altissima and Leucaena leucocephala are also aggressive in nature and may pose threat to the local flora and fa...
Sardar M. Rafique and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...ush, low cut and tree mulberry leaves was estimated on growth and economic cocoon characters of eight silkworm (Bombyx mori) strains The results revealed that different mulberry cultivation forms significantly influenced silkworm growth and cocoon characters Maximum (3 11g) per larva body weight gain, absolute body weight (3 06g) increment, daily body weight (0 23g) increment and growth rate (34 78%) was recorded on l...
Mohammad Anis and Farooq Ahmed Dar
...a pretreated with gibberallic acid, hydrogen peroxide and control were tested for germination in the laboratory Highly significant differences were observed among the families, treatments and their interactions. The results suggest that in hormonal control of dormancy, gibbere Uric acid plays a primary role in regulation of germination.

Keywords: Cedrus deodara, germination, gibber

Mian Muhammad Shafiq
...er are more while the number of migratory water hen are less. Similarly the number of birds in this wetland is more than Tarbela and Thanadar wala because of less disturbance and protection by both the NWFP and Punjab Wildlife departments, while in Tarbela reservoir the disturbance caused by the tourists and fishing activities waterfowls get disturbed. Similarly in Thanadar Wala the live catching of cranes make disturbance f...
Muhammad Arif Chaudhary and Ejaz Ahmed
...d among its different members. The present colour shade of the specimens includes the golden brown (37.5%), brown (12.5%), light brown (12.3%), dark brown (6.3%), copper (6.3%), deep red (12.5%), pale cream-(6.3%) and country cream (6.3%).

More than 66.6% members of Schizophyllaceae are recorded from the broad-leaved trees, with 23.8% from conifers and the remaining 9.6% from unidentified hosts distributed i...

Abdul Hameed Khan, Bashir Ahmed Wani and Hakim Shah
... from August 21 to September 8, 1999 for six mapping units of erosion in the Hilkot watershed project area. The analysis revealed that 98 ha (6.8%) of the area was under slight sheet erosion, moderate rill and river bank erosion, 350 ha (24.2%) were under slight rill erosion and moderately gully erosion, 263 ha (18.2%) under moderate rill and gully erosion, 517 ha (35.8%) area depicted moderate sheet rill erosion and gully erosion, 104 ha (7.2%) area showed se...
Mohit Gera, Neelu Gera and Farooq Ahmad Dar
...dth) and germination, number of seeds per pod and germination. The seed from families F7, F10, F13, F14 and F5 were found to be more vigorous on the basis of nursery performance and are recommended for establishment of seed orchards and for future improvement programs. Pod length, pod width, number of seeds per pod, seed weight and germination were observed to be important characters in evaluating the genotypes....
M. K. Hossain, B. M. Khan and B. Koirala
...lar diameter and leaf number followed the same trend of higher value of T5 and T4 treatments respectively following T1 treatments. Similar trends were also found in shoot, root and total seedling dry weight, seedling vigor index and seedling quality index Therefore, presowing treatments of T5 and T4 (seeds soaked in concentration H2SO4 for seven minutes or five minutes followed by cold water washing) or, T1 (soaking the seeds in cold water for 48 hours followi...
Mahmood Nasir and Mohammad Noor
...ing during winter In October 1995, species wise cover percent, density and above ground biomass data were collected to detect vegetation differences between protected and unprotected area. Twenty 1 m2 quadrats were studied randomly in both the areas.

The cover percent (10%) and above ground biomass (216 kg/ha) of Chrysopogon aucheri were higher three times in protected area than that of unprotected area, but its density remained unchanged which s...

Abdul Ghani Awan, Sohail Jamil Qureshi, Mir Ajab Khan and Sofia Bano
...ne, length of spines, number of spines between colpi in each species were recorded for comparison. At species level, micromorphological differences and distribution of surface pattern, shape and size of pollen have been found to exist. The pollen grains are consistently echinate, trizonocolporate but in Tragopogon dubius these are tetrazonocolporate. Maximum equatorial view, polar view, equatorial diameter (E). polar diameter (P), P/E ratio, length of c...
Rizwana Aleem Qureshi*, Mushtaq Ahmad**, Zaheer Yousaf* and Muhammad Arshad*
... head and receptacle, number of florests per head were taxonomically important to differentiate these species. It was observed that an important use of A. absinthium is as cure against liver diseases....
Aman Ullah Bhatti, Shamsher Ali and Farmanullah Khan
...le P and K. The total number of plants were 410 in agro-forestry field and were about 5 years old Data collected on soil properties were statistically analyzed. In the field of agro-forestry, the percent co-efficient of variation (% CV) for EC (1:5) and P were 57.4 and 35.2 for surface soil and 49.8 and 72.7% for sub soil, respectively. Based on critical level for soil P. all the soil samples in both the depths were deficient, except one sample which was mediu...
Altaf Hussain and Shams-ur-Rehman
...i.e. March, July and October using sand media by following randomized complete block design. The results indicated maximum rooting (85.4%) with 4000 ppm IBA treatment. Maximum average rooting was observed in October (78.0%). The untreated cuttings showed lowest rooting percentage of 15.4 and 28.6 in March and July seasons respectively Interestingly more than 70% rooting was obtained in October...
M. Rahim Niazi, G. Habib and M.M. Siddiqui
...ound to acid detergent fiber (ADF-P) and in sacco digestibility of protein (ISPD) were determined in five wild (Acacia modesta, Pistacia attlantica, Pistacia khinjk, Olea cuspidate and Zizyphus mauritiana) and five cultivated (Prunus dulcis, Pyrus malees, Prunus persica, P. domestica and Punica granatumiree leaves collected from three different locations in Balochistan. Tree species significantly influenced ADF-P (P<0.001) and ISPD ...
Muhammad Ibrar Shinwari, Maryum Ibrar Shinwari and Mir Ajab Khan
...cendens Roxb., Berberis lyceum Royle. and Viola canescens Wall, ex Roxb. found vulnerable to harvesting....
Abdul Ghaffoor, Kashif Waseem and Hafiz Sabir Ali
...ering, fruit setting, number of branches/plant, length of branches, number of fruit clusters/plant and weight of clusters. Among different pruning intensities, 100 cm pruning gave the maximum number of clusters/plant (1771) and the highest yield/plant (18.41 kg). Various pruning dates significantly affected the days taken to sprouting, number of leaves/b...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...ood volume occupied by fibers, vessels, longitudinal parenchyma and wood rays in each species. Results showed that in Acacia nilotica, Dalbergia sissoo, Fraxinus excelsior. Albizzia lebbek, A. procera, Mangifera indica, Alnus nitida, Juglans regia, Populus euphratica. Quercus incana, Platanus orientalis, Acer caesium and Cedrela toona, major portion of the wood by volume was composed of fi...
Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi
...nufactured from Paper mulberry (Brosonatia papyrifera) wood having specific gravity of 0.50. Boards were bonded with urea-formaldehyde resin glue. Mechanical properties (MOE, MOR, IB strength and screw-withdrawal resistance) and dimensional stabilities (Thickness swelling, water absorption and Linear expansion) of the boards were determined. Mechanical properties of boards of paper mulberry increased with board densit...
Muhammad Naqash, Anwar Ali, Ahmad Hussain, Mamoona Wali Muhammad, Ahmad Zamir, Ikram Ul Haq
...data collection in September-October 2017. A total of 88 sample plots of 0.1 ha area were laid out in the randomly selected plantations in the area. Data on type of species, natural regeneration, the density of pits, and number of seed bearers, soil, survival rate and occurrence of any disturbances was collected. The results showed that the pit density was 1261 pits per hectare, while the ...
Mohammad Nabi and Muhammad Ullah
...to find out the total number of sapling in Malakand Forest division of Dodonaea viscosa.

Presently 55.83% regeneration represents 'Poor regeneration' 25.83% shows 'fairly good regeneration' while 18.33% indicates 'Good to excellent regeneration'. It was estimated that there are 1, 66, 78,779 Seedling/saplings in the whole Malakand Forest Division. The maximum regeneration was found on South-western aspect whereas minimum were found on the North-...
Ayaz Khan Marwat, Anwar Ali and Saz Muhammad
...m erosion and produce timber and other forest products on sustainable basis. Single tree selection system can be safely applied in the forests where REDD+ projects are implemented as it allows for limited extraction of timber and non-significant reduction in carbon stock in the forests....
Khalid Hussain and G. M. Nasir
... that in Elm wood, the fibers were longer, medium in diameter, wide lumened and fairly thick-walled due to that the wood may be relatively better in strength. The vessels were lower in frequency but quite larger in diameter and the wood can be seasoned without any difficulty. The wood rays were medium per unit area and in size. The axial parenchyma was abundant, occupied approximately one third volume of the wood for the reason; the wood may be non-durable and...
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Ayaz Khan Marwat
... Maple grown in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data were collected for the frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements/structures. Results showed that that the wood is of medium strength and may be used in furniture, flooring and construction where medium strength is required, however, chemical treatment of the wood before utilization with preservatives is prerequisite and can favour its endurance against biological deteriorates. Moreover, pul...
Anwar Ali, Muhmmad Ayaz, Saz Muhammad
...ucted during August-November, 2017. Systematic random sampling technique was used for collecting data in the field using a grid of 700x700 m. Data was collected from 304 sample plots. The tree species sampled predominantly consisted of conifers (85%). The remaining 15% trees were broad-leaved trees belonging to 23 different species. In conifers, Fir (Abies pindrow) is the dominant species (38%) followed by Kail (Pinus wallichiana) with 35%, Deoda...
Sanam Zarif Satti, Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi, Iftikhar Ahmad and Sumara Zarif
..., Bauhinia variegata, Berberis aristata, Caltha alba and Cordia obliqua, were collected from different areas of Abbottabad, Murree, Swat and Azad Kashmir in the months of May-June, 2014 to analyze their nutraceutical potential. The results of proximate analysis indicated highest value of ash content (12.60%) in B. aristata and fiber content (25.59%) in C. obliqua. Highest value of NFE (56.73%) was fo...
Tanvir Hussain and G. M. Nasir
...nths of August and September of the previous growth year to current growth year because of monthly mean temperature and precipitation. Temperatures during the spring season coupled with the availability of water from precipitation found important for the growth of these trees and this relationship may be used to reconstruct the temperature from the developed chronology for Chitral area....
Zahid Rauf, G. M. Nasir and Sohaib Ahmed
...wood species grown in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were tested to determine their physico-mechanical properties and evaluate their utilization potential for manufacturing of various wood products. Testing of the standard wood samples prepared from each species was carried as per ISO standards. Results showed that the studied wood species also are used as substitute for the commercial wood species for manufacturing of various wood products....
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir and Iqbal Mahmood
...per due to favourable fiber morphological characteristics. On the basis of physical and mechanical properties, the wood is suitable for various purposes where high strength is not required. It has favorable relation between tangential and radial shrinkage and is suitable for framework where the stability is of high importance. The wood can also be used for making various kinds of boxes, cases, cupboards, tablets, crates, handicrafts, rural house const...
Mohammad Ayaz and Bashir Ahmad Wani
... production to supply timber and fuelwood and the rest 68% are meant for protection to fragile mountain ecosystems. In 1995-96, the state controlled forests supplied 0.250 million m3 of timber (7.3%), import of wood and wood products was 1.494 million m3 (43.9%), costing about Rs.6,660 million (Ashfaque et al., 2000). The major contributors in the national wood supply were farmlands, making up t...
Hanif Gul and Wali-ur-Rehman
...% in Kotkai villages. Number of dry branches per tree ranged from 5-15 at Sairai and 5-10 at Kotkai. Similarly 60-70% trees at Sromanzo and 30-50% at Navra of Dir and Barawal were infested by the pest with 10-12 dry branches per tree in the former and 5-8 in the Latter village. In Ushery valley 20 to 50% infestation of walnut trees was found in Jabar and 10 to 20% each in Almas and Usherai villages. Number of infested branc...
Kh. Rizwan Shehzad, Z. H. Malik and Rizwana Aleem Qureshi
M. Rahim Niazi, G. Habib and M. M. Siddiqui
...CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) varied (P>0.001) due to tree species, but were not affected by location. Ash contents ranged from 4.62 to 17.02 percent of dry matter (DM) and remained higher in the cultivated tree leaves. CP in DM ranged from 7.17 percent in Olea cuspidata to 15.19 percent in Acacia modesta. Mean CP across all the species was 11.10 percent in DM. The ADF...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad and Sumaira Saeed
...es were found less in number when it came to planting activities. The study also revealed that fuelwood was a major source of energy for domestic cooking. The demand for the biofuel expected to increase with increasing human population and decreasing private forest resources....
Muhammad Ibrar Shinwari and Mir Ajab Khan
... the local market. Berberis lyceum Royle is found vulnerable to harvesting. Acacia modesta Wall, A. nilotica (L.) Delile, and Dodonaea viscous (L) Jacq. Are found under pressure of being used as fuelwood....
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
... the average values of fiber dimensions. E. crebra was found the most suitable for high bursting strength, tensile strength, folding endurance, flexible, dense and well formed paper whereas, E. citriodora for high tearing resistance and well bonded paper due to maximum fibre length and felting power ratio....
G. A. Bajwa, H. Gul and G. N. Panhwer
...- August, August - September, September - October and November - March, respectively. The pest hibernated in larval as well as pupal stages during December - February at 13.85 ± 3°C (maximum), 4.81 ± 0.69°C (minimum) temperature and 68.5 ± 6.58% relatively hum...
Zafar Iqbal
...s not affected by the number of shoots retained or removed. However, reduction in number of shoots would be required to obtain bigger sized wood in relatively short rotation....
Muhammad Afzal
...arge size yet are the members of grass family, the Gramineae. They have sometimes been treated as a different family from the Gramineae; however most taxonomists agree to keep them in Gramineae, sub-family Bambusoideae.

The plant has a many jointed cylindrical hollow stems called the culms. The stems are connected to a rhizome network that spreads out horizontally beneath the soil, forming a bush known as clump. The propagation of bamboos by seed is most ...

Iqbal Mahmood and G. M. Nasir
...tential of home grown timbers. For this purpose, the anatomical, physical and mechanical properties of Cedrela toona were determined in accordance with standard methods. The results indicated that the wood of Cedrela toona is good in all the physical and mechanical properties both in green and air dry conditions and meet the standard requirements. More diversified and extensive use of the wood can be contemplated in addition to its traditional u...
Hanif Gul, G. A. Bajwa and G. N. Panhwar
...ncorporated. During November - December 1.5 to 2.0 meter area around each previously infested trees of Jacranda mymosipholia and Paulownia spp. were hoed and in following February sticky bands were applied on stems at breast height level. For chemical control two experiments were carried out in RCBD. In first experiment five insecticides, i.e. Buldock 25 EC, Endon 35 EC, Fenvelrate 20 EC, Mepra 50EC and ...
Shad K. Khalil and John G. Mexal
...nsferred to a growth chamber where measurements were made three days latter. All seedlings were watered to field capacity the evening before measurements were made. Net photosynthetic rate and PWUE over one day period were measured, followed by harvesting and determination of dry matter of foliage. Both mycorrhizal fungi caused substantial increase in net photosynthesis and PWUE over non mycorrhizal (NM) control, but none of the mycorrhizas resulted in signifi...
G. A. Bajwa and Hanif Gul
...nstars from April to October except June and it over wintered in larval stage (2-5th instar) from November to February. Six to seven generations were found in a year....
Sardar Muhammad Rafique
...during May 1989 to September, 1995. Three main treatments namely; one final cutting, two clipping and continuous (conventional) grazing were tested in 10 x 10 metres plots. Each plot was sub divided in 10 x 5 metres and chemical fertilized was applied in one sub-plot under each major treatment at the uniform single dose of NPK (1:2:2) at the rate of 100 Kg N, 200 Kg P and 200 Kg K. The experiment was twice replicated. The study has revealed that floristic com...
J. S. A. Osho
...as used to prescribe timber harvest in the management of an even-aged forest plantation. The plantation is being managed for timber production on fifteen years rotation and on a 5-year periodic planning. The solution of the LP showed that about 5.8 x 107 m3 of wood was maximized. The optimal solution preserved 2,945 ha (20, 730, 202 m3) of wood was maximized. The optimal cut in Period-I (1995-200...
Md. Serajuddoula, A. S. Khan, M. R. Islam and M. A. H. Shahjalal
...beck), sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo), jam (Syzygium cumini) and babla (A. nilotica). These plantations of above mentioned species established in the coastal areas are likely to offer sustained yield and render a permanent forest cover in the coastal belt....
Zafar Iqbal
...s not affected by the number of shoots retained or removed. Reduction in number of shoots would be, however, required to obtain bigger sized wood in relatively short rotation....
Kanwar Muhammad Suleman and Muhammad Ayaz
...ation cost....
Muhammad Iqbal
...charge, fuelwood and timber for their domestic and agricultural needs, graze and collect forage for the livestock. Management of these forests, however, rests with the Forest Department, against the management charges at the rate of 20 percent of the net timber sale proceeds....
Fauzia Balqis Malik and Bashir Hussain Shah
...tangible (shortage of timber and firewood) and in-tangible (like poor climate, degrading environment, vanishing wildlife and biodiversity and devastation by floods) ones. A population of over 126 million growing at an alarming rate of 3.1% does not permit to divert area from food crops to arboriculture and necessitates agroferestry (optional growing of trees and crops on the same land unit in temporal or/ and spatial arrangement) as a feasible option. This stu...
G. A. Bajwa and H. Gul
... out to determine the number of sample per tree for accurate and precise damage assessment. A maximum of 39.06 ± 6.10 and minimum of 25.88 ± 2.58 percent damage was recorded at 2-3.5 and 4-5 meters tree height, respectively. On western, eastern, and northern side of crown, difference in damage at the two tree heights was significant (P< 0.05), while it was insignificant on southern side. Similarly, the overall damage on the four directions differed...
Hanif Gul
... trials showed the Dalbergia sissoo, Cedrus deodara and Acacia nilotica as the most resistant wood while Salmalia malabarica and Populus x-euramericana were found as the most susceptible woods. Extractive of the resistant wood were chemically obtained and D. sissoo, C. deodara, extractive have shown resistance against termites. The trials on the influence of plant stress on termite infestation showed that damage to roo...
Muhammad Rafique
...rmination percentage, number of tillers per plant, hight of crop and yield of wheat crop were studied which were statistically insignificant....
Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry and Jehangir Ghauri
... pulp, fuel, charcoal, fiber board, chipboard etc. and above all it gives high and early return.

Due to these characters Eucalyptus Camaldulensis has been liked very much by farmers. Planting of Eucalyptus is being done by the farmers on field boundaries, in rows along water channels, on farm approach roads, as woodlots and in compact blocks in fields with agricultural crops at variable spacings.

In this paper results of effect of va...

Muhammad Ayaz
...on the basis of their fiber dimensions. Among all the species investigated softwoods are the best material for pulp and paper, followed by bamboos and other grasses. Most of the hardwoods and shrubby materials yield short fiber. To produce a strong paper from hardwoods and shrubby materials use of a pulp furnish of softwoods and/or bamboos is recommended. In addition to fiber dimen...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Muhammad Arif Chaudhary
... species), June and November (2 species each) and January, August, September and October (1 species each). August, September and October (1 species each). Fruits of maximum species ripe (6 out of 33) in the month of June, followed by August and November (5 species each), July, S...
Mohammad Rafique and Mohammad Hafeez
...rmination percentage, number of tillers per plant, height of crop and yield, (straw and grains) of wheat crop were studied which were statistically insignificant....
K. M. Siddiqui
...ncerned. There are a number of reasons for this state of affairs. In the first instance, they are not easily accessible because of difficult terrain. The means of communication, such as roads, are difficult and expensive to build and are therefore few in number and short in length. The road density in hilly regions is very low. Secondly, the population in mountain areas is sparce, dispersed and lacks technical sk...
Mohammad Ayaz
... is also very rich in fibers. Studies on fiber characteristics like average fiber length, relative fiber length and Runkel ratio show that the fiber characteristics like average fiber length, relative fiber length and Runkel ratio show that th...
K. M. Suleman
...al as a source of long fiber pulp in Pakistan. All the species can be pulped by soda process. D. hamiltonii gave the highest yield and the best tearing strength properties. Tearing properties were comparable to the kraft pulp made from Pinus roxburghii and imported Southern pine kraft pulp. However, the bonding properties of bamboo pulp were inferior to the softwood kraft pulp. This paper also gives the salient advantages of bamboo pulping...
K. M. Siddiqui
...production of food and fiber to meet the needs of increasing population. In the latter case, the seepage of irrigation water from unlined water courses has aggravated the problem to an enormous and critical extent. Unfortunately, role of forests in this regards is little understood and only mechanical means have been used to reclaim salt affected and waterlogged areas at a great expense by the government agencies such as WAPDA and accepted by the public at lar...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Hanif Gul
...t were plant height, number of leaves per plant, fresh weight of leaves, fresh weight of stem, dry weight of leaves, dry weight of stem and percent dry matter. Five plants per treatment were selected at random, then data were converted on per plant basis. Plant height was the only parameter which significantly increased in response to Temik, while others were non-significant. Temik 10g at the dose of 3.2 g/plot increased 32.13 percent plant height over...
K. M. Siddiqui
...me extent. The total number of bamboo species worldwide is 1250, out of which Asia has 900 species. Almost all countries of Asia have either natural forests or man-made plantations of bamboo. In Asia the widespread distribution of some bamboo species parallel man's past migration. Bamboo may also have traveled along the several ancient maritime spice routes between China, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and India....
Pazir Gul
...ected during March-November from the Medicinal Plants Farm Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. Physico-chemical characteristics of the oil were also determined. October collection the oil were also determined. October collection gave high yield of oil (2.8%) and menthol content (68.0%) as compared to other periods of the year, next high yield of oil and Menthol content was observed...
Mohammad Arif Chaudhry
...ust to first week of October. Leaf shedding was observed from the fourth week of December to the first week of January. Studies on flower morphology showed that the clayx hairy surface material was of ash grey color (easily removable) in P. fortunei while it was golden brown (sticky) in P. tomentosa, P. australis and P. elongata. The corolla color was white in P. elongata, dark purple in P. tom...
Sahibazada M. Hafeez
...or food, fuelwood and timber producing areas in the plains. Pakistan has acute wood deficits and firewood is still the principal source of fuel for heating and cooking. There is an urgent need to reforest such areas and other waste lands with salt tolerant, fast-growing trees.


In order to identify salt tolerant tree species which could be grown in such areas, seeds of 26 salt tolerant species were procured from CSIRO Australia, plants raised in the...

Sahibzada M. Hafeez and M. Hafeezullah
...ult available upto September, 1993 has shown that pattern of planting in rows 9.2 m or 12.2 m apart is a good system to allow interc-ropping upto 5th or even 6th year age of Poplar crop. The experiment is in progress....
Muhammad Shabir Mughal
...alayan pencil cedar. Snober, Obust) is a member of family Cupressaceae of Gymnosperms. It is dioecious, medium sized, evergreen tree, bark reddish-brown to grey, vertically fissured, exfoliating in fibrous strips. Leaves of two kinds; one sharp and needle like and the other flat and feather like or scale-like, closely pressed, with a large oblong elliptic glands in the center of the back. Flowers unisexual, the ma...
M. Ayaz
...gher productivity of timber/hour at a cost which is about half and one fourth of the cost of work with raker-tooth and peg-tooth crosscut saws, respectively....
M. Rafique Sardar
...y), the fall (August-October) and the winter (November-January). The study showed that average forage production under control (no treatment) was highest of all the treatments. This indicated that seeded Cenchrus ciliaris is sensitive to repeated clippings. However, clippings at different intensities and frequencies in different seasons had variable results. Light fortnightly clippings in the spring gave the highest f...
K. M. Siddiqui
...orest Institute on November 21-26. 1992 with the financial assistance of Winrock International Office of Forestry Planning and Development Project. Islamabad. The Workshop was attended by a large number of Officers of Ministry of Food. Agriculture and Cooperatives, provincial and Azad Jammu and Kashmir Forest Departments, members of Technical Assistance Team of Winrock Internati...
Wali-ur-Rehman
...Pinus roxburghii, Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia modesta and A. tortilis in the above doses....
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
...gs had greater total numbers, total lengths, and biomass of primary, seminal, and adventitious roots than Cymbopogon jwarancusa seedlings. Both species showed evidence of sub-coleoptile internode elongation and sub-coleoptile internode root development characteristic of panicoid-type seedlings. The different types of grass seedling morphology are discussed in relation to seedling establishment on arid and semiarid rangelands....
K. M. Siddiqui and B. H. Shah
...ng period of time. A number of government agencies have been engaged in the afforestation of vast dry areas in the country. Most of the efforts in this regards have so far been patchy, sporadic and scattered, and ware therefore, impact over a long period in the face of increasing pressure of growing human and cattle population. The Pakistan Forest Institute started systematic research on efficient use of available rain water for dryland afforestation ...
Raja Atta Ullah Khan
...antation. Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) is the most important multipurpose tree species in Punjab which is extensively cultivated on public as well as private lands. It is propagated with root shoot cuttings. Prevailing technique of raising of shisham nursery consists of broadcasting sowing of shisham pods on raised beds and keeping the beds moist with water through trenches till the seed germinates. Although the seed germinates very profusely a...
K. M. Siddiqui
...nth century to supply timber and other produce on sustained yield basis which actually meant limber supplies for large works such as railways and army barracks and in time of emergency or wars. In the process, attempts were made to convert their existing natural forests into normal forest but little success was achieved in this regards even after many decades of efforts. The protective functions of the forests were...
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...red in the month of December. Natural enemies comprising of predators and macro and micro parasites have a considerable importance as bio-control agents for combating pests. They are most effective in suppressing the pest populations and are the safest instruments for dealing with pest invasions. Bacilus thruingiensis a disease causing bacterium extracted from various lepidopterous pests, has been developed into commercial microbial insecticides...
M. Ayaz and G. M. Nasir
...ns in the occurrence, number, size and type of different anatomical structures, such as resin canals, wood rays pits ray crossing, ray tracheids, procumbent cells, vascular tracheids, pits on vascular tracheids and pit pores. On the basis of these anatomical variations a key is prepared for the identification of important conifers of Pakistan....
Muhammad Shabir Mughal
...ruits from June to November respectively. Its natural range extends to Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran (Bailly, 1935 and Malik,. 1984). In Pakistan.it is widely distributed in Makran, Kharan.Khuzdar, Hernai and Sibi area of Balochistan, Kohat,. Hungu, Orakzai, Waziristan and Kurram Agencies of N.W.F.P., and Jacobabad of Sindh (Watt, 1891; Troup, 1921; Parker, 1921; Blattar, 1926; and Stewart, 1972)....
Shakeel Haider Zaidi, Anwar Ahmad Khan and Muhammad Muslim
... is widely used in a number of pharmaceutical preparations. In order to develop regeneration techniques of the plant for its conservation experiments on regeneration and cultural studies were conducted for 3 consecutive years in its natural habitat. Standardized techniques of raising seedlings from seeds or by root-stock were developed. The plant was successfully regenerated in its natural habitat. Suitable spacing for planting and appropriate doses o...
Wali-ur-Rehman and M. Ismail Chaudhry
... mid August to mid September. The caterpillars, exhibiting nocturnal and processoinary behavior, live for 10 to 11.5 months, mid August to end of June next year. Pupation takes place from mid June to end of July for a period of 1-2 months. Their life cycle is annual....
Rash Khan and Faridullah Khan
...e (KARINA) in late November, 1984 and continued for 3 years to evaluate the performance of Dactylus glomerata under two temperature regimes. The treatment included covering the plots with polyethylene sheet and without cover. The covered seed took 19 days to germinate whereas the uncovered seed took 89 days to germinate. Plant height was 65.5 and 42.5 cm and the fresh matter yield was 38.0 and 30.0 t/hr for the covered and uncovered treatments r...
Mohammad Rafique Sardar
...ree species during December, 1991 to January, 1992. Selective parameters of growth of all the sample trees of different fodder tree species were measured. Green weight of stem wood, branch wood, leaves and pods were recorded separately for biomass calculation. Dry weight after 6 weeks was also measured. The results showed that 12 years old Ceratonia siliqua yielded the highest amongst all fodder trees. Its total biomass per plant was 184.4 kg, ...
Mirza Hakim Khan
...ll were studied in November, 1989 by Quadrat method. Three plant communities were recognized, namely Juniperus macropoda, Ephedra nebrodensis, Daphne oleoides community, Sophora griffithii, Artimisia maritima community Juniperus macropoda, Perovskia abrotanoides community First two communities were found the best for food and shelter of Markhor-Hazarganji and Chiltan in summer and winter seasons. The third community was found in t...
Iqbal Mohammad
...re important means of timber transportation, forest management, recreation, etc. This paper describes a study to determine the pay-back time period of Shinkiari-Kund forest road. It is concluded that Rs. 3.437 million invested in the 19 km road building will be fully paid back in 4 years. Total timber to be harvested to break-even with the investment is estimated at 6,839 m3 (242,000 cft)....
Hakim Shah and Malik Illahi Bakhsh
... irrigated areas. The number of tree per ha is 16.9 for all areas; 18.7 in irrigated and 6.2 in un-irrigated areas. Shisham (42%), Phulai (20%), Kiker (11%) Bakain (7%) and Mango (6%) are the main species in irrigated areas. Ber (31%) Phuli (20%), Kiker (19%) and Shisham (7%) are the predominant species in un-irrigated areas. Tree stock mostly consists of young trees. About 75% of all trees have diameter smaller then 24cm. The total estimated volume of...
Muhammad Rafique Sardar
...carried out during September, 1987 and April 1988 in the Hazargangi-Chiltan National Park to evaluate the effect of enclosure on carrying capacity, rang trend and other vegetation characteristics. One hundred twenty semi-permanent quadrats (plot) of 1 sq.m area both in fall 1987 and spring 1988 were laid out at six representative sites along 400 meter long transect line running across the contours. Out of these, 60 were clipped for estimation of forage...
K. M. Siddiqui and Mohammad Amjad
...h urban center has a number of firewood sales depots which sell fuelwood to the consumers. In some cases the firewood sales depots also sell charcoal....
Iqbal Mahmood and G.M. Nasir
...h that of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) and Babul (Acacia nilotica) wood. Conocarpus lancifolius wood was found to be better than Shisham wood and comparable to Babul wood in maximum compression parallel to grain, compression parallel to grain at elastic limit and impact bending strength....
Fazal Said Khan
...adda, farmers grow a number of trees on their farmlands. Some of these trees (Populus deltoids, Dalbergia sissoo and Salix spp.) are used in wood based industries and generate US$ 2 million income and contribute to the economic up lift of the area. The study also showed significant differences of tree growing among owner ship categories at tehsil as well as district level....
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...only 20% of the total number of plants at this site. There was no termite damage to the plants at Peshawar....
Ghazala Nasim
... epidermis of the root tubers (so called Maju). Scales of Kachoor had many kinds of spores, majority of which were formed by a Glomus sp....
Mohammad Noor
...ive replications. By October 1981, Indian ecotype (269) had produced significantly more air-dried forage (4726 kg/ha) and was one of the best among all ecotypes. The ecotypes from Australia (426) USA (235) and Pakistan (229) produced higher (p< 0.05) quantity of air -dried for age compared with other ecotypes except No.269, but did not differ significantly among themselves. The average number of established plants of the eco...
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...vations recorded in December, 1991 showed that permethrin gave 88% protection in two sprays in 0.04% and cislin (deltamethrin) 0.04% afforded 100 and 95% protection, respectively, in two sprays. Dieldrin afforded 83% protection in 0.5% dose whereas no billet escaped in control treatment....
Bashir Hussain Shah
...iana, Acacia modesta, Dalbergia sissoo and Albizzia lebbek. The cover percent of the vegetation was lowest (8.25%) under Eucalyptus camaldulensis and highest under Zizyphus mauritiana (83%). The cover percent under Acacea midesta and L.leucocephala was 64, 60, 53, 29, and 16%respectively. The forage production data also showed the same trend. It was 4675, 4050, 3200, 2450, 1775, 775 and 662 kg per gertare in the plo...
K. M. Siddiqui
...nth century to supply timber and other produce on sustained yield basis which actually meant timber supplies for large works such as railways and army barracks and in time of emergency or wars. In the process, attempts were made to convert their existing natural forests into normal forest but little success was achieved in this regards even after many decades of efforts. The protective functions of the forests were...
Iqbal Mohammad and John Sessions Prof. Dr.
... depot). An improved timber transportation method using permanent forest rods and 2 x 4 turbo-charged (common wooden-bodied) straight trucks with trailer is proposed. The best combination of temporary and permanent roads is suggested as a fixed and variable cost network problem....
Wali-ur-Rehman and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...h period (August, September) as compared to non-feeding colonies. An increase of 53% of brood development was found in the colonies placed on sarsoon flora as against colonies placed on common flora during January, February. Mean maximum controlled temperature and mean humidity ranging from 30 to 34°C and to 67% during June to August increased brood development up to 18% as compared to ambient temperature and humidity (37°C-41°C and 74 to 98%...
Zahid Javid and R. F. Fisher
...ing hybrid poplar and mulberry deplete the soil of its essential nutrients. The soils under Pinus roxburghii Sarg., Leucaena and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Show increased net nitrogen mineralization rates, whereas continuously grazed and leaf-litter harvested sites of mulberry and hybrid poplar (1-214) have comparatively low total soil nitrogen, net nitrogen mineralization rates and, conseque...
Zahid Javid and R. F. Fisher
...ing hybrid poplar and mulberry deplete the soil of its essential nutrients. The soils under Pinus roxburghii Sarg., Leucaena and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Show increased net nitrogen mineralization rates, whereas continuously grazed and leaf-litter harvested sites of mulberry and hybrid poplar (1-214) have comparatively low total soil nitrogen, net nitrogen mineralization rates and, conseque...
Muhammad Khurshid Swati and Muhammad Afzal Cheema
...f wood in the form of timber and smallwood including volume of stumpage. The out turn volume can also be expressed as percentage of the standing volume of the tree. In the process of harvesting and conversion into logs or scants a certain proportion of the standing volume is lost as smallwood, Pharas, kurf or left as stump on the ground. The outtern volume of trees in logs or in scants primarily depends on parameters such as species, taper, site quali...
Wahid Rashid and Mohammad Hafeez
...effect of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) on the yield of wheat crop. Fifty trees of variable diameter and heights were selected for southern side of the field and were divided into seven diameter classes e.g.15 - 19.9, 20 - 24, 9, 25 - 29.9, 30, 34.9 cms, 35 - 39.9, 40 - 44.9 and 45 - 50 cms. Dalbergia sissoo trees affected crop height up to a distance of 11.0 meters but the effect was statistically non-sign...
Hakim Shah, Malik Illahi Bakhsh and Mohammad Amjad
...d areas. The average number of trees per ha is 46 for all areas, 72 in irrigated areas and 27 in un-irrigated areas. Poplar (24%), bakain (18%), Shisham (15%), ailanthus (13%) and mulberry (10%) are the pre-dominant species in irrigated areas. Ber (23%) and ailanthus (14%) are the most common trees in un-irrigated areas. The tree stock is mostly concentrated in lower diameter classes. The dia classes 5-9, 10-14 and 1...
Mirza Hakim Khan Dr.
...were carried out in November, 1989 in Suleiman Mountains in the habitat of markhor. A study of communities was carried out according to the method of Braun Bkanquet. Two major plant communities were identified, namely Olea cuspidate, Pistacia cabulica community at the lower elevation and Pinus gerardiana, Ephedra nebrodensis, Cotoneaster nummularia community at higher elevation of the habitat. T he first community was found to be the best ...
*Nasir M. But, **Noor Mohammad, *Sartaj and *M. I. Sultani
...ng the last week of October,1983 and 1984. The harvested material was sun dried to determine the dry grow Cenchrus ciliaris years results it is recommended to grow Cenchrus ciliaris (RM 269), Pnicum antidotale (RM269), and Pennisetum purpureum (A146) in the rangelands of Pothwar tract of Pakistan....
Shakeel Haider Zaidi and Anwar Ahmad Khan
... sustained supply, a number of long-term experiments on effect of cultural and fertilizer requirements on growth performance of the plants were under-taken in its natural habitat. Results are presented in this paper....
Abdur Rauf Khan, Farrukh Siyar Hamid and Naseer Ahmad
... Bangladesh. After dismemberment in 1971, an acute shortage of tea was faced by Pakistan. Since that time, the increasing demand of tea is met by imports from a number of countries which involves a huge amount of foreign exchange. The annual consumption of tea in Pakistan is more than 90 million kgs, which costs more than US $ 200 million on its import. To meet the growing demand for tea and to save the foreign exch...
P. H. Haydock Wilson and A. R. Beg
...ingle watershed. The number and biomass of Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent) seedlings of all ages were found to be markedly less in plots where Imperata ground cover exceeds 75%. Over the range of sites, however, other factors of the pine's regenerative ecology appear to dwarf this effect and analysis of variance showed the difference to be non-significant. Mycorrhixal growth intensity on the seedling roots was also assessed at different dep...
Sabah U. Randhawa and Kidon D. Olsen
...industry. Modeling of timber harvesting system include considerations such as production rates, equipment breakdown, fixed and variable costs material flow and scheduling priorities. The resulting mathematical analysis is not computationally feasible. Computer simulation can be effectively used to accurately represent complex systems such as timber harvesting, that are affected by numerous variables. The research rep...
K. M. Siddiqui
...ultiple benefits e.g. timber, fuelwood, fodder, wildlife, water and recreation. Their voice was truly one in the wilderness. They did not receive any particular attention and political support for a long time. The forestry problems were given a very low priority in national and international development programmes especially in the developing countries. On the other hand, agricultural and industrial development started attracting the attention of plan...
Mir Baz Khan
...P potential wealth of mulberry trees, the only food of silkworms. Climatic conditions for silkworms rearing are also suitable in many parts of the province. Silkworm rearing is therefore, carried out throughout the province where mulberry trees plants are found in .abundance. The following sericulture centres have been established over the years in the province....
Mian Muhammad Muslim
...est plantation where mulberry was available in abundance to support the silkworm rearing programme. Since then it made a slow but steady progress in Punjab. Presently, sericulture is one of the major cottage industries in rural areas of the province. The activity is mainly concentrated around irrigated forest plantations of Changa Manga, Daphar, Chichawatni, Kamalia, Khanewal, Bhagat, Kundian and Jauharabad. Besides it is scattered on a small scale in...
Sardar Muhammad Sarwar Khan
... part of the State was liberated and named as Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Despite varied types of constraints, the state government made modest efforts to develop this industry in the liberated area in the beginning. However, a marked development in this field has been witnessed during last decade. In the beginning the cocoons production was confined to boundary areas only. Later on policy was changed by introducing silkworm...
Zakaullah
...n various diseases of mulberry, from throughout the world has been reviewed. This paper reviews available information on a number of mulberry diseases and their casual organisms comprising fungi, viruses, bacteria and phanerogamic parasites. Mulberry mosaic virus was found to cause heavy reduction in leaf yield and distortion in the cocoons with inf...
M. Iqbal Ahmad and I. A. Hafiz
... Punjab and N.W.F.P....
K. M. Sadiq
...llary palpus, and on number of sensilla on the third segments of antennae....
Mehar Nigar Ashiq, Muhammad Iqbal Ahmad and Raj Muhammad
...ession from April - October in 1987 including the hot months of June, July and August when the room temperature was as high as 30°C and the relative humidity as low as 55%. The line thus evolved can yield several crops of cocoons in a year and is also resistant to silkworm diseases, high temperature and low humidity....
M. Iqbal Ahmad
...ality egg production, mulberry cultivation, silkworm rearing, silk yarn technology, and cocoon and silk marketing. Other factors also played an important part in this regard. These include import policy for silk seed and raw silk and price fluctuations faced by farmers in sale of cocoons....
K. M. Siddiqui
...long time by a large number of rural people. It has, however, not gone beyond a minor cottage industry due to lack of knowledge of modern and scientific techniques for production of commercial silk seed, absence of adequate mulberry plantations, non-existence of local training facilities and constraints in processing and marketing of silk cocoons and raw silk. The prices of cocoons also fluctuate considerably from year...
M. Ayaz
...and improved tools in timber harvesting on the basis of technical labour productivity under an equal and maximum work stress. Result of the study reveal that the technical labour productivity of conventional and improved tools at maximum work stress is 0.47 and 0.61m3 of timber and firewood per man hour respectively. Improved tools were found to have (30%) higher productivity than conventional tools in tree...
G. Stoehr, K. Brunner, J. A. Khan and I. Mahmood
...fness. Of the 8 local timber species, white bakain was found to give best overall performance for tool handles. The effect of various factors such as orientation of growth rings in relation to the direction of loading in strength tests on handles and the mechanical properties of wood on the ultimate strength of the handle was also studied....
M. Ayaz
...el speed and cost of timber transportation by gattu (small truck) in Siran Forest Division, N.W.F.P. show that the average travel speed of loaded and empty gattu in the forest roads is 5.6 and 7.9 km/hour, respectively. A gattu generally carries an average load o f about 15 logs, with a volume of 6.75 m3 (239.6 cft) under bark. The cost of timber transportation is calculated as Rs. 19.91/m3/km (R...
J. A. Khan
...ies viz ; Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) , Mulberry (Morus alba) , poplar (Populous spp.) and Semal (Salmalilia malabarica) where tested for loss of strength in relation to storage time. The results indicated that both popular and semal were severely decayed even after a storage period of few months while the other two species were least affected....
K. M. Siddiqui
...ntry's requirement of timber and wood products had to be imported. At the same time, the pressure on the indigenous forest resources continued to rise, increasing the demand for timber and pushing up its price steeply. Until early seventies, the forests in Pakistan were harvested by private contractors, who became heavily involved in malpractices, and institution of private contracts came into serious disrepute a...
Zakaullah
... construction and for timber; whereas Lombardy poplar is a major timber species. Both the crops are raised vegetatively. A general practice with the locals is that they use willow cuttings (3.04 to 3.65 m long), obtained from the pollarded trees, for planting. The cut ends provide infection courts for many bacteria and decay fungi....
Mohammad Noor
...n the vegetation. In October, 1980. Changes in the vegetation characteristics inside and outside the closure were compared. Average air dry forage production increased nine times due to closure, this increase was both for grasses and forbs. The percent cover of grasses and forbs increased 21/2 times inside as compared with that of outside the closure. The grazing capacity due to closure increased 7 times of the grazed area. ...
K. M. Siddiqui
...le use of forests for timber, fuelwood, fodder, watershed protection, water, grazing, recreation etc. Later, the idea of community forestry, social forestry and farm forestry was put forward. This was due to realization on the part of developed countries and the international donor agencies that social and economic benefits of development of state forests are not reaching small farmers in developing countries. Further, with increase in population, the p...
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...lanting provided more number sprouts and higher yield of rhizomes as compared to fall planting. Application of NP fertilizer at 135 kg N and 65kg P/ha basal dose gave higher yield as compared to control. ...
S. I. Zafar, Ulfat Naheed, N. Abdullah and M. Yasin
...ytic activities of a number of such basidiomycetes when grown on a variety of substrates under different cultural conditions (Golovlev et al., 1983; Levonen-Munoz et al., 1983; Zadrazil and Brunnert, 1980). Biodegradation of lignin in the nature, furthermore, is of particular importance because of its high recalcitrance (Reddy, 1984) and protection of cellulose from attack by various cellulolytic microbes (Fan et al., 1982) thereby p...
S. M. Yasin and T. A. Qureshi
...illd., followed by Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., and Tamarix aphylla Vahl., while among the poplars, Populus alba L., would be better than P. deltoides March., P. cilliata Wall., P. euphratice Olivier and P. X. euramericana (Dode) Guinier....
Mahmood Iqbal Shiekh, Saliheen Khan and Hakim Shah
...sup>3 of wood. Number of persons employed the year round in wood-working units being 2216, projected demands of wood of the various tree species, mostly Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. and Cerdrus deodara (Roxb.ex Lamb) G.Don for the year 1990,1995 and 2000 were worked out to be 18,012, 27,379 and 36,745 m3 respectively....
Bashir Mohammad Khan and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...ificantly reduced the number of sick bees and showed gradual increase in assumption of normal routine foraging than in the control where the colony population quickly dwindled resulting in complete collapse. Folbex strip fumigation proved comparatively economical and more effective. Perizin was better than Frow mixtures....
Muhammad Farooq, Pazir Gul Khan and F. W. Khan
...ected and analysed for fibers, carbohydrate, fat and protein content. The nutritive ratios of all the grasses were also determined. The results obtained were compared with those of common grasses of Cholistan, Kalachitta area and Thai already supporting large herds of cattle. They compared favourably well to justify their propagation as a cattle feed on pilot scale....
K.M. Siddiqui, J. A. Khan and Iqbal Mahmood
... of scarce coniferous timber resources in the country....
M. I. Sheikh, K. M. Siddiqui and S. Rehman
...nd compares it with a number of South Asian Countries....
M. I. Sultani, Zafaruddin and Ghulam Akbar
...ality and quantity of mulberry leaves obtained per unit area. All managed plantation of one hectare dwarf mulberry can yield enough leaves to provide 750 kg of green silk cocoons or 93 kg raw silk (Zafarud Din et al., 1983). Dwarf multicut varieties of mulberry with plant height less than 10 feet are generally cultivated for sericulture in many countries like Japan, China, and Korea...
Mohammad Ayaz and Gerhard Stohr
...for the production of timber and firewood. It essentially consists of a set of definite operations of felling and conversion of trees to suit the subsequent extraction and transportation system. The methods and means of timber harvesting not only determine the magnitude of material to be extracted and economic gains of the operation but also the preservation of remaining stand and site....
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...e higher yield of fresh berries (1033 kg/ha) as compared to S. khasianum (746kg/ha) but S. mammosum was found to be highly susceptible to black shank disease caused by Phytophthora spp. during 1984, whereas S. khasianum was resistant. Chemical analysis of berries depicted higher percentage of solasodine content (2.65%) in S. khasianum as compared to S.mammosum (1.5%). The resul...
S. M. Yasin, T. A. Qureshi and S. M. Raza
...durability qualities. Rubber based adhesives exhibited very poor bond strength whereas, polyvinyl acetate adhesives provided acceptable bond strength. All adhesives showed loss of strength with an increase in humidity. The gluibility of woods also varied in different species tested in this study. In general, for developing strength the adhesives took lesser time than that prescribed by the manufacturers....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh, R. W. Hussain and Saliheen Khan
...ear 1985-86 the total number of brick kilns in NWFP was estimated as 458. Total production of baked bricks in the same year was 149 million with an estimated firewood and coal consumption of 74,654m3 and 171,000 tonnes respectively. Data were collected from 60 sampled units throughout the province. An average kiln was loaded 5 times during 1985-86. Mean annual capacity and actual production was 377 and 327 thousand bricks per kiln. Average a...
S.H. Bangash and F. W. Khan
...importing of assorted timber wood from abroad....
Hanif Gul, M.I. Chaudhry M. Farooq and Rahmatullah Jan
... resistance of common timbers of Pakistan against termites were initiated in the Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar under a PL-480 Project to obtain information valuable for more efficient utilization. For testing the natural resistance of woods, stakes of 25 x 4 x 3 cms size of P. wallichiana, A. B. Jackson P. roxburghii, Sargent Patanus orrientalis, L. Dalbergia sisso Roxb, Melia azadarach
S. Rehman, A. Hussain and S. Ameen
...ight growth data of a number of indigenous and exotic species and seed sources of Acacia and Prosopis in the nursery gave significant differences among sources indicating the possibilities of selection of best seed sources for afforestation in Pakistan. Further scope of improvement of these species is discussed....
M. I. Sheikh
..., Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sissoo and Eucalyptus camaldulensis has been reviewed. Distribution of the species, various nursery and field planting techniques, species trials, rate of growth and yield management of the plantations, water requirement etc. have been discussed....
M. Ayaz
...me per cubic meter of timber and firewood converted. The technical labor productivity for work with improved tools also higher by about 24% and this increase was highly significant. Improved tools reduced the physical workload in the workers highly significantly as shown by their lower average total pulse by 9 beats/min. These results indicate that introduction of improved tools and vocational training of forest workers are very essential for higher la...
Zakaullah, Jehan Ara and Abdul Jabbar
...n new hosts including timber species, orchard plants, condiments, medicinal herbs and weeds. However, earlier workers (Ahmad 1956, 1956, 1978; Spaudling 1961; Sadiq and Shah 1986) have significantly contributed to the records of fungi and their hosts occurring in different regions of the country. The present article describes the fungi comprising 3 Classes: Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Fungi Imperfect with information on habitat, locality and date of...
M.I. Sheikh, R. W. Hussain and Saliheen Khan
...rban areas. The total number of houses in Peshawar division in 1986 is estimated as 377,000. Out of these only 162 households were interviewed to conduct this study. Average family size varies between 7 and 10 persons for both rural and urban population. Mean monthly income per sample household comes to Rs.2610/- and Rs.3390 for rural and urban areas respectively. Number of persons using one room has been estimated 4.03 and...
Qaisar Ali, Mohammad Yousaf Wazir and Mirza Hakim Khan
...trict Peshawar from December, 1979 to June, 1980, 4 plant communities were recognized, viz. 1.Desmostachya-Suaeda community 2. Saccharum-desmostachya community 3. Desmostachya-Saccharum-Alhagi community and 4. Phragmities community. Some environmental, particularly the edaphic factors were also studied. Investigations indicated that some tree species like Phoenix dactylifera and fodder plants like Diplachne fusca and Juncus maritimus can b...
Raja Walayat Hussain and M. I. Sheikh
...arance on visit in September 1984. Therefore second thinning was done giving a release to the left over plants to put up better growth....
Abdus Sadiq and Jehandar Shah
... leaves and fruit....
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Hanif Gul
...ating the plywood and lumber mills to intensify their demands. This ever increasing requirements for new products put more and more pressure on tree growers to maximize wood yield from the same land in the shortest possible time....
Shams-ur-Rehman and Altaf Hussain
...f-sib progenies of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Tested at Peshawar gave significant differences among geographic areas. The broad-sense heritability at 6-year-age for diameter was 0.83 indicating that the trait is heritable. Further possibilities of selection and genetic improvement in the species are discussed in irrigated plantations of Pakistan. ...
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...ed on the aestivation/hibernation revealed that cutworm larvae and pupae were found from cages provided with eggs in the month of May. No stage of cutworm was recovered from cages provided with larvae or pupae of cutworms before the hot summer started. It indicates that the larvae and pupae of cutworm did not survive in hot dry weather of June where as the eggs aestivated successfully....
K.M. Siddiqui, M.I. Sheikh and S. Rehman
...inclusion of a large number of progenies and clones in test plantations. These investigations suggest that a suitable breeding strategy would further bring about genetic improvement in Populus ciliata....
Iqbal Ahmad
...he effect of urea on mulberry leaf yields revealed that after one year of planting 78.8%, 120%and 175% increase in annual leaf yield occurred in 100kg N 200kg N and 300 kg N respectively, per hectare as against check where no fertilizer were applied. After two years of planting the total annual increase in leaf yield was 55% 100% and 120% kg per hectare in 100kg N 200kg N and 300kg N respectively as against check where no fertilizer were applied. It w...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ing out as to how Dalbergia sissoo, Salmalia malabarica, Eucalyptus citriodora and Populus deltoides 1-63/51 would compare under the climatic conditions obtaining in Peshawar, a study was laid-out in February, 1978. 120 plants of each species were planted in 16 subplots at a spacing of 4 x 4 m. In each subplot, 30 plants were planted, 480 plants in all. Planting was done in a randomised complete block design in 4 replications. ...
M. Afzal Cheema and Mohammad Aliul Hassanin Fatime
...and Azad Kashmir. Its timber is used in furniture, wood articles, carving and especially for bobbins of textile industry.

Data from some trees were collected from different localities of N.W.F.P. which were insufficient for the preparation of volume tables of the species. After supplementing the above data from Azad Kashmir the present volume tables have been prepared....

M. I. Sultani, Muhammad Banaras Bhatti, Sartaj and Anjum Amin
...rly increased of crude fiber was found with higher proportion of grass....
G. M. Baloch, M. I. Arif and M. Irshad
... spp. and Pueraria tuberosa (high altitude forest weeds) were investigated through out Pakistan. As a result of this 20 species of insects and a disease of Lonicera spp., 12 species of insects on Ribes spp. and 8 species of insects on P. tuberose were recorded. Among these, 6 insects (Alucita spilodesma Meyr., Psychromnes stra phaeothicta Meyr., Phyllonorycter montanella Bradl...
M. Ayaz
...forest management. As timber is the major forest produce, therefore it's quality is the main factor in it's economic marketability. Quality of timber from a forest is an interaction of site, silviculture and species. ...
M.I. Sheikh, R. W. Hussain and M. Khan
...citriodora and Datbergia sissoo. ...
Mohammad Noor
...otypes of Phalaris tuberose were sown at Jaba in November 1977 under barani conditions in a randomized complete block design replicated six times. In October, 1978, Festuca elatior (Kenwell) yielded significantly more air-dried forage (2139 kg/ ha) while in May, 1979 Medicago sativa (Viuta) produced significantly more air-dried forage (1516 kg/ha) as compared wi...
S. Fazal Hussain and Arfa Yasmin
...f the medicinal value of berberine, a drug needed in international market, a study has been undertaken to evaluate the berberine content of Berberis species found in the forests of Punjab and N.W.F.P. The study would help in process development and its economic feasibility evaluation....
Wulf Killmann
...aw properly - dip the timber in fungicide after sawing - segregate and stack the sawn timber in accordance with at least two, preferably three density classes - Seasoning: air season the timber properly stacked (in airy place under cover, off the ground, with fillets between) - air dry timber down to 30% before kiln drying it do not dry batches of mixed ...
Editor
...am win 1984 Marcus Wallenberg Prize for commercial development of cloned Eucalyptus forests...
Zakaullah, Mohammad Irfanul Haque and Khial Badshah
...re found attacking 32 timber and fruit plant species some of which had been reported earlier L. longiflorus was more prevalent particularly on old trees of Acacia modesta, while L. pulverulenrus had comparatively low incidence. Only four host species were found commonly attacked by both parasites. For the rest of 28 species they were host specific. L. pulverulentus is a new record in the scrub forests of Rawalpindi....
K. M. Siddiqui
... be 46.3%with a Kappa number of 25. After washing and screening, three stages bleaching of pulp was carried out by chlorination, alkali extraction and hypochlorite bleach. Facilities for the fourth stage were not available and therefore, a low pulp brightness of 750 GE was attained. The bleached supphate pulp was evaluated in the form of mixed furnish for the manufacture of different grades of paper and paperboard and its quality was compared with imported lo...
Wulf Killmann
.... The majority of the timber consumed goes into firewood (an estimated 16.6 million m3 per year). Of the registered annual consumption of 2.033 million m3 timber and timber products about 50% is imported. In some fields of timber utilization chipboard can be of help to ease the pressure on local timber
Jaleel A. Khan and K.M. Siddiqui
...fairly hard and heavy timber which is suitable for a number of uses including constructional work....
Amjum Amin, Zafar Uddin, Rukhsana Roohi and Tayyab Jamil
...n January 1981 and September-October 1982. Vegetation was studied on different major land units viz, (i) dissecting rolling plains, (ii) stream beds, adjoining slopes and edges, (iii) eroded hill slopes and tops and (iv) gravely hills, laying adjustable decimal collapsible (ADC) quadrat in homogeneous stands of vegetation. Analysis of data resulted in four plant communities, i.e. Chrysopogon montanus, Heterioigib contort...
Yasin J. Nasir
...the area. The maximum numbers of uncommon or rare plants are to be found in the Poaceae (27), followed by Papilionaceae (10) and Orchidaceae (8). Information including the locality, the vernacular name and flowering period, where ever possible, are given for each taxon....
Ashiq Ahmad
...increased to sizeable number in Koh-e-Suleman provided it is declared as game sanctuary and sufficient preventive staff is employed for this purpose. Present population of the Suleman Markhor in the study area was determined as 53 which indicated the presence of at least 400 animals in whole Koh-e-Suleman....
M.I. Sheikh
... an old shisham and mulberry plantation was cleared off all the trees and 1 - year old plants of the following 15 clones transported from Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar were planted at a spacing of 4.5 x 4.5 m in 0.5 m deep pits. ...
K.M. Siddiqui
...able pulp with Kappa number of about 25 from 15 chir pine trees of three age groups. In laboratory tests trees of 36 - 45 years age gave maximum pulp yield. However, hand sheets prepared from the pulp of 26 - 35 years-old trees had higher breaking length and burst strength and lower tear strength than those of 36 - 45 years and higher age groups. The bleach response of pulps made from the three groups was almost identical and pulps of about 850GE brig...
M. Ismail Chaudhry
...al life cycle the pest hibernates as pupae in the soil, emerging in May/June as adult moths and veraciously devouring blue pine needles from July to October. ...
M.I. Sheikh and Sultan Maqsood Khan
...ring July, 1982. By November, 1982 it was found that species differ appreciably in the survival percentage as well as the average height of survived plants. The irrigation frequencies had a differential effect on the biomass production of leucaenea and the height of trees but not on their survival percentage. Leucaenea leucocephala, had a much more survival, height and biomass than all other species. Robinia did not do well under low or no irrig...
Mohammad Noor
...cies) were sown in November, 1978 under barani conditions at Jaba. Trifolium hybridum produced maximum air-dried forage in April, 1979 . Trifolium hybridum and Trifolium incarnatum produced significantly more air dried forage (2200 kg/ha and 2160 kg/ha) as compared with Trifolium pratense,(1007 kg/ha). There was no significant difference in forage production between Trifolium hybridum and Trifolium incarmatum. ...
Anjum Amin and Raja Mohammad Ashfaq
... arundinacea, Phalaris tuberose. Sorghum helepense, Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens and Vicia spp. ...
M.I. R. Khan
...nd kept by increasing number of people in their offices, shops, business premises, and residential buildings. ...
R. W. Hussain and S. Hasan Abbas
...management the actual number of trees constituting main crop at the above age is almost half of the above figures. Therefore mean annual increment is less and ranges between 250cft to 400cft per acre for this spacing....
M. I. Shiekh
...ed seed decreases as the berries mature; large number of seeds are empty because there is no embryo formed; the seed is eaten by inset; there is high tree to tree and locality to locality variation in the percentage of filled seed. Scarification with H2SO4 for various periods (5 min. - 60 min.) and stratification at 5°C for 90-120 days, keeping in boiling water and soaking in water for 24 hours did n...
M.I. Sheikh
...hape of the plants of mulberry and the number of branches is controlled and the size and quality of the leaves remains consistent and it is possible to estimate the annual quantity of leaf crop from a given area....
M. I. Shiekh-Raza-ul-Haq
...tan for fuel wood and timber. Except for Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), the quantity of water required by different tree species for their survival and optimum growth has not been known. A study was started in Chichawatni plantation to ascertain the effect of three deltas of water viz.3,4.5 and 6 feet in four species Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Bombax malabarica, Morus alba and four exotic clones of poplars. ...
M. N. Malik and M.I. Sheikh
...come of very serious deliberations, even involving the expertise at international level; all the same, the land management problem still persists and baffles the intelligentsia. ...
Parvez Khawaja, I.A. Hafiz and M. I. Chaudhry
...ucing a very valuable timber is severely attacked by a leaf stitcher, Piesmopoda obliquifasciella (Hmps). Heavy infestation tarnish the beautiful look of the tree for which it is grown as well as destroy annual growth of the tree to the extent of 50-100% depending upon severity of infestation. For developing a control method safer to the environment a pathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Was tried against the larval stages...
Fazli Wahid Khan and Pazir Gul
...ollected during May-November; and the data accumulated from the analysis at random collections from various sites carried out for three years in different localities. October collection gave 5.5-6% diosgenin as compared with other periods by summing up the results of three years (1977-80) of the two localities in the temperate forest of Kaghan and Galis Forest Division. Next higher yield was observed in the month of Aug...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...tudy was assessed in October, 1982....
Sultan Maqsood Khan and Raja Muhammad Zarif
... in July, 1980. In September, 1981 the production data were recorded in the seeded and control areas. Due to grass seeding the average forage yield had increased from 45 kg/ha a tremendous increase, increasing the carrying capacity of this rangeland from about 23 to only 0.5 hectares/Animal Unit/year. This shows that at present level of livestock management the production of livestock and livestock products can be increased about 40 times by simply seeding the...
Raja Mohammad Ashfaque and Anjum Amin
... Myrsine africana, Berberis lycium, Indigofera spp. as understorey. The ground flora is occupied by grasses like Digitaria spp., Agrostis gigantea, Agropyron dentatum, Cymbopogon spp., Eleusine compressa, Themeda anathera, Panicum antidotale, Heteropogon spp., Chrysopogon aucheri, Dicanthium annulatum, whereas Trifolium pratense, Taraxicum officinale, Plantago lanceolatus, Fragaria vesca are among the major forbs prese...
M.I. Sheikh and Raza-ul-Haq
... January, 1978....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Raza-ul-Haq
...ucalyptus citriodora, Dalbergia sissoo and Salmalia malabarica, a study was planted in Peshawar on 13-2-1978. 120 plants of each species were planted in 16 sub-plots at a spacing of 4 x 4 m. In each sub-plot a randomised complete block design, replicated 4 times....
Wali-ur-Rehman and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...over-winter during December - January. Activity returns at the beginning of February and egg-laying of the 1st generation commence in 1st half of February which depends upon weather condition. Subsequently all stages of the pest are met with from February to November. The peak population of the pest was observed in April and again in September/October...
Ghulam Rasul
...ese Turkistan, Central Siberia, Kashmir, Chitral, Northern Areas, Afghanistan, Palestine and Arabia. There are four geographical races of this species viz; Himalayan Ibex or Alpine Ibex, Siberian Ibex, Spanish Ibex and Caucasian Ibex....
Ashiq Ahmad
...x himalayensis and tuberous roots of Lindelofia anchusoides. Some behavioral studies were also conducted. ...
Mohammad Ayaz and K. M. Siddiqui
...essential to speed up timber harvesting operations so that enough time is available for regeneration work as well as to increase the labour productivity. It has been observed in many countries that power chain saws are more than three times efficient in timber production during felling and conversion than hand tools (Pearce and Stenzel, 1972). Hence their use is quite common in the developed countries. However, conside...
M. Saleem Khattak, Hafiz Inayatullah and Sharafat Khan
...oduce any roots. The number and length of roots per cutting were greater with 9000 PPM of Indole butyric acid. In general the effect of 1-Naphthalene acetic acid was found comparatively inferior Indole 3-acetic acid and Indole 3-butyric acid. ...
M. I. R. Khan
... came into being in December, 1971, lies roughly between 22° 40' to 26° 10' N. latitudes and 51° 35' to 56° 25' E. longitudes. The Arabian Gulf lies to the northwest and the Gulf of Oman stretches along the east coast of the Emirates. The land surface of the mainland excluding the islands is about 77,700 square kilometers....
G. M. Khattak, Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Abdul Khaliq
...e country is short of timber and fire-wood: Wood and wood products - mostly pulp and paper - worth 550 million rupees are imported every year on the average. And the scarcity of firewood forces the rural people to use anything combustible as fuel - animal dung, agricultural waste, leaves and twigs. And in towns, firewood prices are generally out of the reach of the common man. This scarcity is likely to be exacerbated as gas reserves dwindle and oil generated ...
Mohammad Ayaz
...trength properties of timber (Kollmann, 1968 and Williams and Hamilton, 1961) and therefore, needs to be correctly determined. Available information on the density of Pakistani timbers is very old and is based on the works carried out in India before partition and the reported figures of density for different timbers are mostly from those areas which are located in that country. These dens...
Mohammad Noor
...cies were sown i.e. November, 1977 under barani conditions at Peshawar (av, rainfall 350 mm) in eleven blocks. Festuca arundinacea (R.M. No.70) produced maximum green and air dried forage in April 1978. There was no significant difference of forage production amongst the Medicago spp. and Vicia spp. Forage production of grasses was significantly more as compared to Medicago spp. and Vicia spp. However, Festuca arundinacea...
M. Ihsanur Rahman Khan
...od, charcoal and some timber....
S. M. A. Shah, A. Razzaq and M. T. Younis
...er been studied for a number of physical characteristics (14). The series were now investigated for major chemical characteristics. Their hollocellulose, a-cellulose, lignin, pentosan and contents were determined. Also, losses due to alcohol-benzene solubility, a-hydrolysis, B-hydrolysis and acid purification were examined in these samples....
M. Ihsanur Rahman Khan
...e implementation of a number of afforestation projects in the public sector started in 1975. Extreme saline, arid and desert conditions prevailing in the Western region of Abu Dhabi make it the most difficult area for agricultural development in the whole of the United Arab Emirates. Inspite of the harsh climatic and edaphic environmental conditions prevalent in this area and after tackling various problems suitably, a substantial amount of progress has been a...
G. M. Khattak and M. I. Sheikh
...s grown with them, Dalbergia sissoo (shisham) Euc. citriodora, Populus deltoides 63/51 and Salmalia malabarica (semal) were planted in the Pakistan Forest Institute in January to February 1978 in RCB design with four replications. The size of plot was 444 m2 and trees were planted at 4.3 x 4.3 m spacing with entire plants of poplar and Eucalyptus and root-shoot cuttings of shisham and semal.

On 22-10-1979 the area was i...

Sarfaraz Hussain Bangash and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...nutritive of Japanese mulberry, it has been found that 200 kg N per hectare increased the foliage yield by 85% as compared to control, significant at 1% level. However, none of the fertilizers affected the crude protein content of the leaves....
Mohammad Ayaz
...xcelsa) is a globose berry containing 1-5 seeds, with an average of about 3 seeds per berry. Average width of the seeds is 3.3 mm and average length 4.9. Each seed is roughly conical with a broad base and tapering towards the micropyler end, slightly curved and slightly three angled. In case of 5 seeds per berry the central seed is straight and four angled. Colour of the seeds ...
Adil Al-Kinany
...ms of increasing the number of branches and leaves, and fresh and dry weight of stems as well as roots. The experimental results of Populus tremula cuttings indicated that there are bright prospects of boosting their rooting and survival percentage by using higher concentrations than 2000 ppm of alone or in mixture with NAA. With Picea abies, though IBA at 4000 ppm gave better survival percentage and number...
M Shabir Baig, M. Akram and M. Amjad Hassan
...ound truthing, into a number of naturally occurring physiographic units which represent homogenous areas on the surface of land with respect to land attributes such as geology, land forms, soils pedoclimate and vegetation. These units have been, on the basis of similar potential, grouped together into range management units have different capabilities and capacities for forage and livestock production and therefore requiring different management practices. Two...
Mohammad Amjad and Iqbal Mohammad
...ally. Annual average timber consumption based on the data for the past 5 years is 19,000 m3. Mulberry and willow account for 66% of timber consumption. 50% of mulberry is obtained from the state owned irrigated plantation of the Punjab. The entire supplies of willow come from the form lands of Peshawar district. Current export earnings from a...
Abdul Aleem
...icot, almond, peach, mulberry, pomegranate, and grapes are grown on field boundaries, as small graves, or in courtyards....
G. M. Baloch and M. A. Ghani
...e citrus, limes, tea. rubber, fruit, forage, park and many other broad-leaved trees (Mushtaque and Baloch, 1979). The dwarf mistletoes, Arceuthobium spp., attack coniferous forest trees (e.g., pines, fir, spruce, junipers, larch) while Viscuni spp. infest deciduous trees in parks, boulevard plantings, natural forests and orchards (e.g., olives, apples, almonds, cherries) (Gill and Hawksworth, 1961). Witchweeds, Striga spp., mostly damage gram...
Mohammad Hanif
...dy (January 1973 to December 1978) 4828 mm rainfall was received in 348 rainy days. Of this, 3536 mm (73%) occurred in 143 rainstorms and was effective to produce runoff. The capacity of the experimental watershed to reduce runoff and sediment decreased from 1973 to1977 due probably to the siltation of check dams and the destruction of vegetation. It started rising in 1978 due probably to repairs to spillways, and better protection from grazing. ...
Khial Badshah and Zakaullah
...mum basilicum), a member of Labiatae, is probably a native of India and Africa. It is well-known for its aromatic qualities and use in condiments. The seed yields golden yellow essential oil which is employed in perfumery and various beverages. Cultivation of the crop is being tried at Peshawar. The literature on the diseases of the crop was. therefore, reviewed.

Kvarts Khava (1958) carried out studies on the infectious wilting (Fusariosi...

Abdul Aleem
...was plentiful for the number of a animals occupying the area....
G. M. Khattak
...ays and large-sized timber, and bamboos, were floated down the Karnafuli river to supply the Chittagong and other markets. Dacca, under the Moghul rule, was a great ship building centre and its timber supply was from the Chittagong Hill Tracts (STEBBING, 1921). The Chittagong Hill Tracts have since ancient times been inhabited by the Chakma, Mog, Murung, Tripura, and Lushai tribes who subsist on shifti...
Zakaullah and Khial Badshah
...tro: Ginger (Zingiber officinale), an important perennial rhizomatous herb indigenous to Southern Asia, is now widely cultivated for spices and drugs throughout the tropics. The feasibility of its introduction is being studied in Pakistan. Work on the collection of information on the diseases of the crop was initiated at the Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar and available literature on the subject was reviewed.

Ramakrishnan (1949) reported ...

K.M. Siddiqui
...ts in both extracting timber from forests and its subsequent conversion in the saw-mill at Mirpur. The out-turn of round and sawn timber is also low and sawing operations are highly uneconomical. Since market currently prefers round timber, it is suggested that AKLASC should concentrate on its forest operations, extract all standing Timber handed over to...
G. M. Khattak, M. I. Sheikh and S. H. Bangesh
...f foliage produced by mulberry at the close of the growing season, and its crude protein content. The objective was to increase the quantity and quality of feed for silkworms....
Mirza Hakim Khan Dr.
...dslides are common. A number of large water courses, Meran, Tangogh, Kasavir, Bakhtanshal, Bironshal, Gokshal, Chat and Duni drain into Chitral Gol, which later on joins the river Chitral near Chitral town. A thin layer of slate and phyllites (palaeozoic) overlies the crystalline or grey limestone of midcretaceous period. The soil formed by the disintegration of rocks is generally fertile and varies from clay loam to sandy loam. ...
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Wali-ur-Rehman
...in Sasnamana area. Fruit berries were heavily infested by fruit moth larvae in all the localities....
R. H. Jafri Dr., K.M. Saleem, R. Iqbal and Qaisra Fazal
... to rapid increase in number of nuclear polyhedrosis virus, the cells and finally all the tissues disintegrated, resulting in death of the individual. Nuclear polyhecrosis virus infection in silkworm caused heavy losses to poor Sericulturists. ...
M. I. R. Khan
... Gulf. From May to October temperatures range between 35°C to over 50°C in the middle of the day and they vary between 20°C to 35°C at mid-day during winter months. The lowest minimum temperatures may go down well below 0°C in the desert areas away from the coast.


Strong winds and severe sand storms are of common occurrence throughout the year. Their intensity is especially high during summer months. The sand dunes not only...

Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...uit which ripens in December is a globose head 2.5 to 7.5 cm in diameter, consisting of numerous one seeded achenes densely covered at the base with long fine hair. Nursery has been raised at two different localities Peshawar and Abbottabad....
Anwar Ahmad Khan, Shakeel Haider Zaidi and Zainul Arifeen
...the duration of time (number year). Soil working and application of NP135 kg per hectare gave higher yield as compared to control. Interim result based on the yield of three years, 1975, 1d976 and 1977 are presented in this paper. The experiment would continue for further period of two years. ...
Abdul Aleem
...rch 1975 to 0.79 in December 1977. Herd size also considerably increased. Footprints of snow leopard were again seen in the area. Food production was determined in the winter habitat of Markhor and it was inferred that the feed is not scarce for the wild animal. ...
Mohammad Noor
...ificantly greater in October 1977, compared to other species. The difference in the number of plants of species established did not show any significance. ...
Islam Mahmud Khan, Gulzar Ahmad Khan and Shoukat Islam
...rative studies of the number of plastids and the stomatal size in the mixed and normal green stomata were also conducted. ...
M. Ismail Chaudhry, Nasrullah Khan and M. Arshad
...t>s....
Abdul Aleem
...ebruary 11, 1978, the number in the enclosure had increased to 22. Pneumonia, and snake bites appeared to be responsible for the slow increase....
Mairza Hakim Khan
...wn and Molen Gol. A number of small watersheds, Meran Tangogh, Kasavir, Bakhtanshal, Bironshal, Gokshal, Chat and Duni drain into Chitral Gol, which later on joins the river Chitral near the Chitral town....
Anwar Ahmad Khan, Munawar Sultana and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
... were collected in November from Murree and stored for one and two months at Peshawar in1:1 soil and sand mixture at one meter depth and planted after the storage period. Two months storage period gave significantly high (at 5%level) sprouting as compared to one month storage. Planting of full size rhizomes were tested against rhizome pieces (5, 7.5 and 10 cm). though full rhizomes gave significantly higher sprouts, planting 5 cm pieces with one or two buds e...
Abeedullah Jan
...sited China with Five Members Forestry Delegation for three weeks from 19th October to 8th November, 1977. These are my impressions: The People's Republic of China is situated in the eastern part of Asia and on the west coast of Pacific Ocean. It has a vast territory of 9.6 million sq: km. The topography varies from cloud-caped peaks to basins of different shapes and sizes and from wide ro...
M.A. Quraishi, A. Khalique, Shahida Perveen and Perveen Akhtar
...., 1965). The average number of juniper trees per hectare have been estimated at hardly twenty eight (Khattak, 1976) and Caragana ambigua and Pervoskia abrotenoides are amongst the most frequent of the shrubs. Caragana is a medium sized bush growing on gritty sites while Pervoskia is a herb with bulbous thick tap root, lush green and a dominant colonizer of river beds and leaves (Zellar and Beg, 1969)....
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Wali-ur-Rehman
...s including 5 moths of hibernation. The larvae pupate in May - June for a period of 7-30 days. The life cycle is annual. Brachycorphus nursei Cam. (Ichneumonidae) Sturmia inconspicuella and Podomyia sp. (Tachinidae) were recorded parasitizing bagworms in the defoliated area. Gradual increase in parasite population over took pest population in few years and the insect outbreak was controlled by the natural enemies....
Moinuddin Ahmad, Asrar Hussain and Tariq Hussain
...iod, an thesis time, number of sterile and normal florets per inflorescence were determined, and pollen grain fertility, pollen grain germination and viability and seed germination tests were carried out. Mean size, shape and weight of seed and % seed were also determined. Eleven species of various grasses including the above three were also studied for the establishment of relationship between TTC reactivity and routine germination test. The two were...
Ashiq Ahmad and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...istance in six common timbers of Pakistan is being tested against termites. ...
Mohammad Amjad
..., 51 casual. As the number was not large a simple random sample comprising 25 workers was drawn, 13 regular and 12 casual. The workers were interviewed by the investigators. The objective of the investigation and the questions were explained to them in their language and their replies recorded on the questionnaires....
S. Maqsood Khan
...e exclosure and equal number outside. Trees cover; forage yield and frequency of grasses, and frequency of more palatable shrubs was higher in the exclosure than in the open. All the species recorded in the grazed area were also found inside the exclosure, but with lower forage yield and frequency, while some new more palatable species got established inside the protected area....
Amjad Mahmood Chima
...nted at Peshawar in December, 1976. The objective was to study their performance of sprouting, growth and multiplication. All varieties sprouted and flowered and flowered well but susceptibility to damage by nematodes varied. The quality and durability of blooms was good in all varieties except one variety of daffodils. Varieties resistant to nematode attack differed in their multiplication rates....
S. Maqsood Khan
...was studied during September, 1976, seven and five years respectively after their establishment. Due to closure the forage production increased about three fold. The increase was due both to increase in grass and forbs. No appreciable difference was found in the frequency of grasses or forbs of desirable, intermediate or undesirable species due to closure....
M.Iqbal Ahmad, I. A. Hafiz and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...fter preparing pupal chambers. It completes one life cycle in two years. It spends one month in emergence, 22 days in egg laying and incubation, 17 to 18 months as grubs, 17 days as prepuae, 3 to 4 months as pupae and 1 to 2 months as premature beetles lying kin pupal chambers....
Abdul Aleem
...s noticed whereas the number of young per female dropped to more than half. Males were classified into mature and over-mature categories and it was recommended that 14 males may be harvested....
Taj Ali Wazir and S. M. A. Shah
..., were examined for a number of physical characteristics. A number of different methods of retting were investigated to get at the optimum procedure. The anatomical characteristics, length, diameter and ratio of length to diameter of the ultimate fibers were evaluated. The effects of stage of harvesting, methods of retting, different levels of relative humidity, and anatomical characterist...
Mian Mohammad Muslim
...e months of August-September. 1975. The cocooning percentage (86) and cocoon shell ratio (20%) were found to be satisfactory...
Faqir Mohammad Khan
...tivation, grazing and timber supplies is also increasing in the north-western hilly part of Pakistan like everywhere else. But these mountain lands also constitute a major portion of the watersheds of Indus river and are thus vitally important as the primary source of the country's water for agriculture, domestic and industrial uses as well as for power. The quantity, quality and seasonal distribution of the water-flow from these areas is, therefore, of paramo...
Mohammad Shahid and Abdul Qayyum
...ants, the shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), phulai (Acacia modesta), bhaikar (Adhatoda vasica), apple (Malus sylvestris ), loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), clovers (Trifolium spp.),serson (Brassica campestris), maize (Zea mays),dates (Phoenix spp.), citrus fruit (all spp.), ber (Zizphus jujube), guava (Psidium guyava) and shain (Plectranthus rugosus...
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...storey of shisham and mulberry and an overstorey of shisham standards. The lower storey has been managed on a rotation of 16 to 22 years at different times. Shisham standards have been retained for three rotations. Yield is regulated by areas without allowing for variation in site quality.
The Sind plantations are still in their formative stage, their special problems are:
I. soil salinity combined with a high water table in the Ghulam Mohammad Barr...
Mohammad Ayaz
...as laevigata) and Mulberry (Morus alba). Ash, Elm and Mulberry had significantly more rays per unit area in the sample with wider growth rings than in the sample with narrow growth rings. The rays in bakain samples with wider rings had more cells and cell size was larger, both along their height and width; in elm , cell size was significantly higher but not cell number. No signi...
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...riety of ways: (1) by number of trees = total number o f exploitable trees divided by assumed time of passage from the class next below the exploitable, to the exploitable size. (2) by volume = volume of exploitable trees divided by assumed time of passage from the class next below the exploitable, to the exploitable size. (3) by an arbitrary percentage of the volume of enumerated growing stock -most commonly varying from .5...
M. Ismail Chaudhry, Bashir Hussain Shah and Hanif Gul
... June, Augeust and September and the last hibernated during winter. The average duration of pre-oviposition, incubation, larvae and pupae were 2.3, 3.95, 3.6, 22.16, and 10.54 days, respectively. In usceptibility test of A. ypsilon and A. segetum to G. V. from Denmark conducted in laboratory, 100% mortality of both species was observed due to virus infection while 62% and 63% larvae of A. segetum and
Anwar Ahmad Khan
...e revealed that large number of drugs are sold in sizable quantities in the markets of Pakistan. Thirty crude drugs were surveyed in view of their importance in different system of medicine. Information was collected on consumption, sources of supply and price....
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Altaf Ahmad
... still a considerable number of drugs mentioned in the formularies are manufactured from plants. A casual look on the national formulary booklet confirms this statement.
Pakistan is importing crude extract of drug plants from developed countries, although these medicinal plants are available in our country. Plants like Dioscorea deltoidea, Valeriana wallichii and Podophyllum hexandrum can be quoted as an example. Before persuading t...
Miss Munawar Sultana and Anwar Ahmad Khan
...nd, North Waziristan, Khyber and Kurram Agencies, Dir, Chitral, Swat, Lower Hazara, Rawalpindi and Jhelum district upto an elevation of 1200 meters (3).
The plant is much valued for its powerful expectorant and anti-spasmodic properties. Leaves are used in asthma, chronic bronchitis and all kinds of coughs. The powdered leaves are used in malarial fevers, dysentery and diarrhoea. The boijed leaves infusion is useful for tub...
Editor
...ute was held on 31st October, 1975. Major General (Retd.) Sayad Ghawas, Governor, North West Frontier Province presided over the function and gave away the degrees, medals and prizes. The proceedings started with the recitation from the Holy Quran. After that Mr. S. K. Khanzada, Director General, Pakistan Forest Institute welcomed the Chief Guest and other guests. The welcome address of the Director General is reproduced as downloadable attached PDF....
Mohammad Yasin and Qaim Hussain Shah
...ermine properties of mulberry wood. Effects of knife angle, log conditioning period and veneer drying temperature and time on the quality of veneer were studied. It was observed that mulberry logs produce good quality veneer of 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm and 2.5mm thickness, when they were conditioned in hot water for 12 to 18 hours before peeling. Knife angle of 920 was found be optimum for cutting good quality veneer from logs...
M.I. Sheikh, Abdul Aleem and Mohammad Hafiz
... as a mulch for Dalbergia sissoo and Eucalyptus camaldulensis at Peshawar and Jallo. Results indicate:
1. Insignificant survival of plants.
2. Better rate of growth with aprons.
3. Significant effect on height by the material and colour of aprons.
4. Light resistant type of plastic was mere durable....
Mohammad Hafeez
...sed as a mulch for Dalbergia sissoo and Eucalyptus camaldulensis at Peshawar and Jallo. Results indicate:
1. Insignificant survival of plants.
2. Better rate of growth with aprons.
3. Significant effect on height by the material and colour of aprons.
4. Light resistant type plastic was more durable. ...
Syed Rashid Ali
...as been determined by number and canals in Islamia Collage Campus, Forest Institute and Lakerhay Village has been determined by number and weight per unit area in Spring Season. The gut contents of the fishes of these water bodies were also studied and it was found that 80 percent fishes live in bottom fauna. ...
Ali Akbar Khan
...iation between total number of trees and total volume with prism sampling and total enumeration ranged from 12 to 46% and 11 to 28% respectively. The variation between stand tables (5 centimeters diameter classes) prepared with prism sampling and those derived from total enumeration was much wider. The volume estimates with prism sampling for all area, varied from the volume estimates of the total enumeration by minus 12% i.e., the prism sampling esti...
Abdul Aziz Khan and M. N. Malik
...Morus spp. and Dalbergia sissoo seedlings in Kalar Kahar Forest nursery. Jehlum Forest Division. The water had permissible limits of soluble salt content. The soil was however, distinctly alkaline (pH 8.4 to 8.8). Presence of unusual high content of lime was suspected to be responsible for causing deficiency of P and other available nutrients. Applications of ammonium sulphate and superphosphate are suggested to improve soil reactions and availabil...
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Iqbal Ahmad
...e.
The moths from hibernating pupae emerge during March and copulate 10-20 hours after emergence. The duration of mating varies from 25 minutes to 8 hours. The moths start laying eggs 12 hours after mating. A single female on an average lays 163.5 eggs with a range of 71 to 264 eggs per female. The oviposition period varied from 3-5 days. Incubation period varied from 3 to 9 days. Larvae just after hatching start stitching leaves and feed inside. The...
Jalil Ahmad Khan and Pervaiz Akhtar
...7. Since then a large number of species have been tried in nurseries as well as in plantations. The number of species which have been planted in different areas is somewhat limited the most common being Eucalyptus tereticornis and Eucalyptus carnaldulensis. According to Parker (7), Eucalyptus tereticornisisthe most common species found in the Punjab and with the possible exception of Eucalyptus...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...tute was held on 1st October, 1973. Sardar Inayatullah Khan Gandapur, Chief Minister, N.W.F.P. presided over the function and gave away the degrees, medals and prizes. The proceedings started with the recitation from the Holy Quran. After that Mr.S.M. Ishaq, Director General, Pakistan Forest Institute welcomed the Chief Minister and other guests. The welcome address of the Director General is reproduced: Honourable Chief Minister, Distinguished Guests...
Raja Walayat Hussain and Ishtiaq Ahmad Qazi
...e being a function of number of trees, their size and their spatial distribution affects the growth rate of the stand (5). Stand density can be expressed in terms of tree material measurable through volume, basal area, number of trees, or crown closure (11). Of all these, the basal area has been considered the best measure of stand density on account of its easy computation and application (8, 25)....
M. A. Quraishi and Manzoor Ahmad
...ineteenth century when Robert Harting established through an important member of Polyporaceae i.e. Fomes sp., relation between hyphae, wood� decay and sporophphore (3,4). Since then Polyporaceae have been considered as the cause of enormous losses in timber....
F. W. Khan, Khawas Khan and M.N. Malik
... does not involve any cumbersome steps in processing....
Ishtiaq Ahmad Qazi and Raja Walayat Hussain
... stock potential by number and volume for each species (4,5)....
M. Hafeez and M. I. Sheikh
...ts exposing them to a number of treatments such as time of planting, different rooting media, frequency of irrigation and position of cutting on the plant etc. and using clones like P. deltoids 63/51, 90/60, 69/55 and 18/62, P. euramericana CV-I-214 being the control. Indications in both the cases were that supported by adequate winter rains or artificial irrigation and an efficient planting schedule, February was the best month ...
M. A Quraishi and Manzoor Ahmad
...it and Baltistan. The timber of walnut is moderately hard even, grained. Sapwood is greyish- white and heartwood is brown with darker streaks. It is very durable, works well and does not warp or split. It is used for furniture, cabinet making, carving and for gun-stocks. It is found to be the best wood for gun-stocks so there is always a demand for it. The tree is often cultivated for its valuable fruit. Wild trees are lopped for fodder. Spirit is extracted...
T. J. Roberts
...RVATION
T. J. Roberts, Roberts Cotton Associates Ltd., Khanewal
Historical Background:
The Province of Baluchistan as far as is known from recent historical times, has always been a very arid region experiencing climatic extremes and supporting a comparatively sparse human population. Various regions fell under the domain of different tribes and tribal chieftains with traditional rights...
Ishtiaq Ahmad Qazi, Raja Walayat Hussain and Muhammad Afzal Cheema
..., modified to include timber production also. At present almost all the plantations are being managed with this combined objective irrespective of the fact whether the objects are realized separately (11) or collectively (1 to 5). ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...polythene bag and the number of perforations in it, an experiment was started in 1970 in the Research Garden, Peshawar. Different diameters, lengths, thickness of polythene were used. Miscellaneous species of Pines, Eucalyptus and Acacias were tested. On the basis of the data collected it has been found out that tube size 6 X 2.5-in c he s and 6.0 x 2.0 inches and with 45 and 36 Perforations of 1/8* dia. are the most useful ones for broad leaved and coniferous...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...itute held on 30th September, 1972. Arbab Sikandar Khan Khalil, Governor, N.W.F.P. presided over the function and gave away the degrees, medals and prizes. The proceedings started with a recitation from the Holy Quran. After that Mr. S. M. Ishaq, Director General, Pakistan Forest Institute welcomed the Governor and other guests. The welcome address of the Director General is reproduced....

Muhammad Ikram Ullah Malik1*, Aamir Saleem1, Lubna Ansari1 and Arshad Mahmood Malik2

...ict Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The goal of this study was to assess how well agroforestry systems enhance livelihoods by generating more money. This was one of a few studies on the use of agroforestry for livelihood and its importance to human welfare. The work was carried out to evaluate the agro-silvopastoral system as compared to the conventional agricultural crops. An area of one acre (8 kanals) was taken for practicing this model. 3 k...

Fatima Aziz Mahdi Al-Badry

...ese organs. The total number of animals in present experiment was thirty two of adult female rats, It were divided into two groups (16/each), the first group which gave distilled water as control group while the second group was divided into three subgroups (A, B and C) which treated with nutritional supplement Puma (super fat) at (250 mg/kg body weight) for three periods (one, two and three months), respectively. The dose of Puma was given for rats by gavage....

Rabab Abd Alameer Naser1*, Sameer Ahmed Abid Al-Redah2, Enas S. Ahmed3, Fatimah S. Zghair2, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy4

...g the summer (July-September). Euthanasia was performed using anesthesia with Xylazine and Ketamine. Esophageal sections (cranial, middle, and caudal) were collected for microscopic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analysis. Compared to turkeys, ostriches lacked a distinct crop (second esophageal segment). In bothostriches” and “turkeys, the first esophageal segment was longer than the thoracic segment. Histologically, the esophagus in both sp...

Hanan Yousif Jasim1*, Rasha Munther Othman2, Wasan Moaed Shaker3

...hromosome mec with ID number LC727174.1 and Staphylococcus aureus strain C249 chromosome with ID number CP127807.1. While one isolate was displayed 100% homology to the mecA gene that previously detected in Staphylococcus epidermidis strain 1FSE05 plasmid with ID: CP121525.1. We concluded that all this information may offer crucial understanding of the origin and persistence of current and possibly even future of mec A gene ...

Pavana Jyothi Vanjavaka1, Mouradam Veerasami2, Mohana Subramanian Bhaskaran2*, Vijay A.K.B. Gundi1*

...to get gene accession numbers, and the phylogenetic tree was created to deduce the relationship between the different isolates of dogs, with a distance matrix derived from sequence variations in the genomes.
 
Keywords | Canine parvovirus, Hemorrhagic enteritis, VP2 gene, Maternal antibodies, CPV variants, Immunisation
...

Ari Firmansyah1, Lovita Adriani1*, Andi Mushawwir1, Novi Mayasari1, Denny Rusmana1, Safri Ishmayana2

... Padjadjaran, from September to November 2023. Analyses were carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran. Thirty-five 40-week-old Isa Brown laying hens were randomized to seven experimental treatments and five replicates using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatments included T0: basal diet without probiotic yogurt (control); T1: diet and 2...

Danh Mo

... DM and acid detergent fiber, ADF 20.1-33.5% DM). Significantly (P<0.05) lower in CP and higher in ADF, the regenerated Wedelia was compared to the planting period. The second experiment was a Latin square on 4 goats over 4 periods across 4 treatments. The treatments were dietary forage (50% Wedelia and 50% grass in DM)-to-concentrate (F:C) ratios of 4:0, 3:1, 2:2, and 1:3 (DM basis). The daily consumption of Wedelia by the goat varied considerably (P<0....

Budi Santoso*, Bambang Tjahyono Hariadi, Marlyn Nelce Lekitoo

...ly decreased the crude fiber fraction in complete feed silage generated from palm frond, while also enhancing the quality of fermentation and nutrient digestibility.
 
Keywords | Fermentation, Methane, Oil palm frond, Ruminant, Silage
...

Javaria Sherani1*, Tehseen Ali Jilani2, Jalil Ahmad3, Rashid Jawad1, Shabana Nazeer4 and Muhammad Jan5 

Rafiullah1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1*, Muhammad Ilyas Khan2, Anwar Ali3, Imtiaz Ali Shah1 and  Sohaib ul Hassan4

...ki Marwat district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2018, in which more than 60 camels died. Two dogs that consumed the meat of dead camels were also found dead in the study area. Different types of samples, i.e., tissue samples from dead camels (n=2) and blood samples from infected live camels (n=60) were collected from the study area for bacteriological, hematological, and parasitological studies, while for feed analysis, feed samples (n=20) were collected. Postmort...

Kashif Shehzad* and Ikramul Haq

...o-ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in which one district each was selected. A sample of 147 respondents were selected from the four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa using the Sekaran sampling table whereas proportional allocation technique was also used to obtain the desire sample size from each district. The findings indicated that the majority of the respondents were in the “51-60” age group, with 79.5% h...

Ahmad Shandookh Hameed1, Ali Abd Kadhum2 and Murtada Wafi Beden1

...d from February to September 2022 at Al-Hussein. Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. Endotracheal aspirate samples were collected for the presence of microbes, using traditional cultivation methods along with antibiotic susceptibility testing for cultivated microbes. Using online sequential organ failure assessment score calculator to predict the outcome of the patients involved. A total of 41 patients the in I.C.U. suffers ventilator-associated pneum...

Maqsood Anwar, Shah Khalid and Naveed Akhtar1*

...>Razar district Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during February-April 2016. A
total of 200 quadrats (square shaped) having size (1m × 1m) were placed in 20 randomly
selected wheat fields in the study area. Analytical quantitative characters like density,
frequency and cover were calculated for each weed species. Twenty weed communities were
established in 20 selected sites/stands. Comparative evaluation ...
Muhammad Naeem Korejo1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1 and Niaz
Ahmed Wahocho2
...elianthus annuus L.) and bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L.) extracts under various
irrigation levels on weed density and yield of mungbean cultivar AEM-96. The experiment
consisted of different weed control practices i.e. weedy check, various levels of sunflower /
bermuda grass extracts, herbicides and hand weeding under three irrigation frequencies (2,
3 and 4). The analysis ...
Muhammad Yahya1, Muhammad Ajmal Khan2, Fazle Subhan3, Ali Hazrat1*, Javed Khan5, Aftab
Amin4, Hayat Ullah1 and Tabinda Nowsheen1
...ulations peaked in September 2019. Scirtothrips dorsalis and Helicoverpa
armigera infestations were also observed on the tomato crops and caused significant damage.
The application of Flurofenafire was able to control these infestations. In conclusion the
pesticide Flurofenafire was found effective against a wide range of insect pest of tomato plant.
...
Abdul Basit1, Ayesha Zahid1, Syed Tanveer Shah1, Inayat Ullah2, Sana Ullah3*, Muhammad
Kashif Nawaz4, Muhammad Areeb Khalid1, Izhar Ullah5, Fawad Ali1, Shaukat Ali1
...nd reduced to various number of
picking (3, 4, and 5 intervals). The results of the present study revealed that okra plants
sown on the ridges recorded maximum germination percentage (96.9%), fruit weight
(22.41g), pod length (14.44 cm), seed pod-1 (48), 100 seed weight (6.41 g), seed yield
(102.2 kg ha-1) and fresh yield (0.165 tons ha-1). Data regarding number of picking inte...

Hina Ilyas1, Umar Hanif2, Anser Ali1, Zahid Hassan Tarar3,Hamza Javed4, Tehreem Tahir5, Muhammad Rafiq6*

... peel and pulp of Citrus bergamia (C. bergamia) and, leaves and fruit of Ficus carica (F. carica) were prepared which were further processed for fractional distillation using ethyl acetate (EA), n-hexane (n-Hx) and chloroform (CHCl3) preparing total 20 extracts aiming to test their anti-tyrosinase potential, in-vitro. Our results confirmed that all C. bergamia and F. carica crude extracts ...

Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Iqbal1, Malik Muhammad Hashim2, Muhammad Saleem Jilani1, Mohammad Safdar Baloch3, Muhammad Sohail Khan1, Asif Latif1, Muhammad Amjad Nadim3, Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid4

...ed biomasses (g m-2), number of leaves plant-1, leaf area plant-1 (cm2), leaf and root weights plant-1 (g), sucrose (%), TSS (%), root and sugar yields (t ha-1). The results showed significant variation among the treatments for all parameters during both years of study. Among the treatments, the dual gold (S-metolachlor) applied as pre-emergence reduced weed fresh and dry biomasses (g m-2) and also enhanced number of leaves ...

Malik F. H. Ferdosi1, Iqra Haider Khan2, Arshad Javaid2*, Hafiz Muhammad Saeed1, Ifrayeem Butt2 and Ayesha Munir3

Arshad Javaid1*, Malik F. H. Ferdosi2, Iqra Haider Khan1, Amna Shoaib1, Hafiz Muhammad Saeed2, Muhammad Abrar Ul Hassan1

...s of Hazara region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Flowers of this weed were collected during June 2021, shade dried and extracted in pure methanol for two weeks. After filtration, the extract was analyzed by GC-MS for the identification of possible bioactive compounds. α-Amyrin was the major compound (32.49%) followed by lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, acetate, (3β)- (25.72%). Moderately abundant compounds included γ-sitosterol (8.78%), β-amyrone (...

Saiful Islam1*, Muhammad Zubair Khan1 and Haroon Khan2

... irrigation system in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. Maira branch canal and its secondary canals were designed for crop based irrigation operation (CBIO), which could supply irrigation water for maximum cropping intensity (180%) even during peak periods of irrigation requirements. The existing water allowance was 0.67 Ls-1 ha-1 (6.6 mm day-1), which was based on the maximum crop water requirements. The challenges faced by YHM are physical barrie...

Nada Hamzah Shareef Al Shabbani1, Marwa Jamal Hussain Al Kinani2*, Tmara Qais Al-Mohammadi1 

... was evaluated by the number of lesions and rated it as severity of itching. Long-term treatment with topical glucocorticoids for 14 days in every age. Tissue from the blisters of patient was obtained after medication. The specimens were washed, fixed and cut to 4-5 µm and stained with H&E. The staining allowed us to observe the fragments of tissues under light microscope with different magnification power. We have observed excessive males and the pr...

Muhammad Ramzan Ali1*, Hasina Basharat2, Aziz Ahmed1, Mubeen Fakhar1 and Aleem Khan1

...ican catfish in twelve fiber glass circular tanks (2000 L water capacity) for period of 12 weeks at the stocking rate of 20 fish/ tank. The experimental design was CRD with 4 treatments having 3 replicates. Four experimental diets containing different levels of crude protein (CP: 40%, 35%, 30% and 25%) levels were prepared. The final weight of fish and weight gain was improved by increasing proteins levels in feed. The fish fed with the feed containing 25% CP ...

Hafiz Ishtiaq Ahmad1, Jinlong Zhang1, Fuxun Luo1, Owais Iqbal2 and Yuying Wang1*

..., leaf width and root number were significantly increased in the red, blue and white (RBW) composite treatment, while composite red, blue and yellow (RBY) subjected seedlings exhibited maximum leaf number, root length, and proliferation rate as compared to the others. Therefore, seedlings exposed to the light combination of red and blue (RB) exhibited the highest chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll content, catalase and r...

Muti Ul Hannan1, Wazir Ahmed1, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2*, Muhammad Baqir Hussain1 and Khuram Mubeen1

...ion of yield with poor fiber quality. Additionally, soil health of Pakistani soils is very poor due to low soil organic matter, non-judicial use of fertilizers and high cropping intensity with mono-cropping pattern. The integrated and judicial use of organic and synthetic fertilizers boosts the soil and plant health and mitigates the deteriorative effects of heat stress on plants. Based on past studies, the objective of the study was to integrate pre-tested co...

Hafiz Muhammad Usama Shaheen1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1*, Muhammad Atiq1, Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo1, Hadeed Ahmad1, Muhammad Wahab1, Muhammad Faran Tahir1 and Abuzar Hasnain2

...e is susceptible to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. Among all, brown leaf spot disease of rice caused by Bipolaris oryzae is the most devastating disease, causing potential yield losses. A number of commonly available phytoextracts were explored as potentially safer alternatives to harmful synthetic chemicals for the management of brown leaf spot of rice. For the management of BLS of rice, fourty-four phyto-extracts...

Zahid Ali1,2, Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1*, Nazeer Ahmed1,3, Muhammad Shafi1, Faisal Saeed1 and Abdul Majeed1

...ext-align: justify;">Scomberoides commersonnianus (Lacepede, 1801) commonly known as Talang queenfish and locally famous as Saram, belongs to the Carangidae family, widely distributed in the Indo-pacific oceans. S. commersonnianus is mainly pelagic fish and commercially important fishery resource from Pakistani waters. Study on population dynamics and stock appraisal is an important for the sustainable use of fishery resource. During current study the length-w...

Xinyue Wang1, Shengao Chen1,2*, Fangze Zi1, Jianmin Ge1, Desheng Chang1, Yong Song1 and Congxin Xie2

Saddam Hussain1, Muhammad Asrar2*, Usama Saleem2, Dilbar Hussain3, Muhammad Sohail Qadir3, Muhammad Saleem3, Rashid Ali2, Zeeshan Javed2 and Mubshar Saleem4

... They bite and chew on tubers, young and old leaves, stems, lower branches of the plants, and peanut seeds. Termite infestation is a considerable problem in the livelihood of the farmers of Pakistan. Termite swarming is a major problem and revenue constraint in the area, destroying crops in the field and store. Forests and orchards are rarely termites free, particularly when conditions are favourable for termites, such as drought. Furthermore, pasture lands us...
Tariq Ahmad1*, Anum Razzaq2, Hira Shahzadi2, Faiz Ur Rehman4, Li Bo1
Saif Ullah2, Omama Saqib1, Muhammad Tayyab Khan5, Muhammad Suliman1 and Ayesha Zulfiqar3
..., District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KP), Pakistan in March-July 2021, as there is no documented information available in Pakistan. The present study was designed to investigate the nidification and breeding success of spotted dove in the study area. A total 87 nest cavities were observed of which 31 contained active nests whereas 56 were failed nests. The highest percentage of successful position of nidification was found in the middle (44.82%) ...

Hasina Basharat1, Muhammad Ramzan Ali2*, Aziz Ahmed2, Muhammad Zubair Anjum1 and Shamim Akhter1

... the experiment total number of fish was counted from each pond and various production characteristics were determined for different stocking densities. Water quality analysis was performed for each treatment to record variations for each treatment. The ANOVA (analysis of variance) test was performed to analyze the difference between the means among the three different stocking densities. Significant weight gain (P>0.05) was achieved at stocking densities o...

Yaowu Zhan, Dandan Su*, Jinxiu Bai, Fang Li and Yulian Dong

...in our hospital from October 2020 to April 2022 were selected as the research subjects. The variation of C-reactive protein concentration was tested by sphericity hypothesis, and the Greenhouse-Geisser method was used for in-depth analysis. The Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the early predictive value of serum amyloid A and C reactive protein in children with acute upper respiratory tract. The concentrations of serum amyloi...

Xiaowei Zhang*

...tral Hospital during October 2019-2021 were selected. They were subsequently assigned into apatinib group, trastuzumab group and combined treatment group. Compared with other treatment groups, the long-term and short-term survival rate of the apatinib treatment group was lower. The effective rate and adverse reaction rate of the three therapeutic drug intervention groups were significantly different. The correlation between survival time and CEA, CA125, CA19-9...
Cristian Mendoza1*, Adriana Celi-Soto2, Ernesto Cañarte3 and George Cedeño-García2
...unches, 160 kg of palm fiber, 20 kg of around weeds, 40 kg of pruned palm leaves, also, there was a treatment with insecticide, applying 150 ml of thiamethoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin (in 200 L in water), and one control treatment, without mulching or insecticide (clean area). A completely randomized block design was used. Our results showed that the number of S. valida larvae, the percentage of fresh damaged roots, and le...
R. Javed1,2, T. Usman1, S. Niaz2, N. Ali2,3, H. Baneh4, K. Ullah5, I. Khattak1, M. Kamal1,2
S. Bahadar6, N.U. Khan1, S. Khan1,7, Y. Wang3*, Y. Yu3* and Mostafa K. Nassar8
...n four dairy farms in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 291 milk samples and 547 records were collected from lactating cattle ranging between parities one to six. For milk performance traits and udder health, each milk sample was analysed for milk composition (fat %, protein %, and lactose %) and SSC (by direct microscopic SCC method). The data were analysed using a generalized linear model of SAS studio for the effect of the SCC, breed, and herd on mil...

Jagdish Jaba1*, Sumit Vashisth2, Sivakumar Golla1 and Suraj Prashad Mishra1

...irata (3.95) and leaf webber (4.66) weremaximum recorded on ICPL 88039 in second and first planting respectively. The leaf feeding beetle was recorded highest 6.29(ICPL 87) in the third planting. Amid two cultivars maximum insect-pests population was recorded on ICPL 87 when compared to ICPL 88039 except web forming insect Maruca and leaf webber due to its indeterminate genotypic character of ICPL 88039. Between the two geno...
Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammard Memon2 and Niaz Hussain Khuhro2
...y (P<0.05) reduced number of B. dorsalis (510.00±118.57, 558.40±75.86) followed B. zonata (611.80±109.38, 680.00±40.50) respectively were found in EA-1(mango) treated blocks of Larkana and Hyderabad using mass-trapping technique for fruit flies. While higher number of both species of fruit flies were recorded in untreated blocks of guava at both experimental sites. Present Investigations s...

Anom Yusuf Tri Bambang Susilo1, Muhammad Fathin Hanif1, Bambang Ariyadi2, Ahmad Romadhoni Surya Putra3, Ali Agus1*

... annual growth in the number of published works. The United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, the USA and Brazil emerged as the most productive countries. Several publications have been released in various scientific journals, including Poultry Science (133 articles), Applied Animal Behaviour Science (61 articles), British Poultry Science (58 articles), Animals (57 articles), and Journal of Applied Poultry Science (25 articles). Moreover, in the past three years, t...

Mohammed Mijbas Mohammed Alomari1, Nawar Jasim Alsalih2*, Samir Sabaa Raheem2, Mohenned Alsaadawi2, Ali Mosa Rashid Al-Yasari3

...e in blood serum, the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, T- and B-lymphocytes, O-cells, and T-helpers in the blood.
 
Keywords | Parvovirus, Canine enteritis, Cystoisospora, blood counts, Coccidia, Immunological parameters, Protozoa, Contagious, Biochemical indices
...

Tanvir Hussain*, Zahid Rauf, Mansoor Ali Khan and Khalid Hussain 

... temperate climate in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . In order to conduct study, wood samples in the form of cores were taken from the district of Swat’s Shahpur and Liliani Forest areas. Using standard laboratory techniques, the collected cores were processed and measured for tree ring width. Cofecha and R packages, two computer - based programs , were used to statistically evaluate the data. The findings indicated that there was a notable rise in yearly precipita...

Iman Hernaman1*, Budi Ayuningsih1, Diky Ramdani2, Romy Zamhir Islami1, Shelvia Octaviana1, Ina Aviana1, Galuh Rahayu1, Aldena Bina Salimah1, Urip Rosani1, Atun Budiman1, Muhammad Rifqi Ismiraj3

...micellulose, and crude fiber decreased significantly (P <0.05) while rice hull ash filtrate concentrations increased. The highest decrease in ADF and NDF was achieved at concentrations of 0.2 w/v. The use of corncobs with rice hull ash filtrate soaked by 0.2 w/v (RHAF 4) in rations resulted in differences between treatments (P <0.05). CSRHAC 2 gave the highest (P <0.05) ​​of DMD, OMD, N-NH3, and VFA among the treatments, namely 52.65±0.73%,...

Tariq Zaman1*, Fawad Khan2, Sajjad Ahmad2*, Alia Mehsud2, Atta Ur Rahman3, Muskaan Zaman2 and Sumaira Noor2

...southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The present study was conducted during 2018-19 in Tehsil Sarai Naurang District Lakki Marwat in order to investigate the taxonomic diversity and medicinal importance of weeds flora. A total of 42 weed species belonging to 20 families were investigated from research area. The dominant families in terms of species richness were Asteraceae and Poaceae with 6 species (14.28%) each, followed by Brassicaceae and Pa...

Hafizuddin1, Sri Wahyuni2, Tongku Nizwan Siregar1*, Amalia Sutriana3, Ririn Triyuliani4, Siti Hanyyah Herviani4, Muhammad Farhan Syuhada4, Nur Salimah4, Muharni Mardiah Eriswandi4, Ratu Permata Ayu4, Putroe Hayatun Nufus4

...05). In addition, the number of implantation site showed a significant difference between R1 with R2 and R3 (P<0.05). The concentration of estrogen in R3 increased on day 5 after mating, while FSH and LH showed no significant differences between all groups on days 1, 3, and 5 after mating. Based on these findings, the administration of BPE could be considered as an alternative superovulation preparation in local rabbits in terms of ovarian and hormonal posi...

Noorullah Khan1, Shahid Ali1, Azher Zeb2, M. Noman1, M. Imran Kasana1, Rashid Iqbal Khan1*, Saima Mumtaz1, Shumaila Rasheed1, M. Muneer3 and M. Qamar-Uz-Zaman1

... diameter (SD cm) and number of leaves per plant (NLP). The outcomes exhibited that peach scion cvs., “Coronet” and Early Maria Delizia exhibited the maximum plant survival rate (97.67 and 97.33%) and maximum bud sprouting rate (96.0 and 97.0), respectively. On the contrary, the highest shoot length (23.33 and 20.55 cm), shoot diameter (4.11 and 3.64 cm) and number of leaves per plants (19.77 and 23.22) were reco...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar*1, Riffat Maqsood1, Hussain Abbas1, Musharraf Manzoor1, Muhammad Suleman1, Hassaan Ahmad Bajwa2, Ali Hamza2, Shaher Yar1, Muhammad Zain1, Abdul Wadood1 and Noman Aslam3

...ecause they limit the number of people who can contract and spread a virus, which may reduce the prevalence of sickness. Aside from their deadly toxicity, certain pesticides have characteristics that alter feeding patterns or otherwise impede the spread of viruses.

...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Naila Chand1 and Muhammad Tahir2

...the combined effect of fiber degrading enzymes (β-Mannanase) and soybean hulls on the production performance, hematological parameters, and economics in the laying hens during the early (29 to 32 weeks) peak production period. Two hundred golden brown (RIR×Fayoumi) layer birds of age 28 weeks were used for the experimental purpose and were distributed in five groups control (CON), and treatment groups (T1, T2, T3, and T4), each had 4 replicates with...

Li Wang, Feifei Feng, Kefei Peng, Yan Zhang and Ling Zhou*

... January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. Pregnancy outcomes of syphilis false-positive group were compared with those of syphilis negative group. Total of 16,935 singleton pregnant women were included in present study Compared with negative group, false-positive group shows older delivery age, smaller gestational weeks at delivery, and lower birth weight (P<0.05). Besides, the incidences of gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, immune system disease...

Ashiq Ullah1, Sarzamin Khan1, Muhammad Shuaib1*, Sohaib ul Hassan2, Abubakar Sufyan3, Kinkpe Lionel5, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Majid Ali1, Aamir Khan4, Qudrat Ullah2 and Waqar Azeem6

...dry matter, ash, crude fiber, crude protein, ether extract, and calcium was also calculated significantly higher in the 2ml/l of LE group. Total cost in the control group while the gross and net return was recorded significantly higher in the group containing 2ml/l of LE. The dressing percentage had a significantly higher value in 1.5, and 2ml/l of LE groups than in the remaining treatment groups. Mortality was recorded significantly higher in 1 ml/l of LE gro...

Kashif Haleem, Basheer Ahmad, Muhammad Rayyan, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*

...re income (67.5%) and timber (31.25%), with firewood being a minor reason (1.25%). A significant majority (78.75%) of respondents grow trees on their farmland to sell them and support their families, while 21.25% use the trees for personal purposes. Most respondents (61.25%) use LPG for cooking and heating due to its availability, while 32.5% also use firewood, and 6.25% use crop residues along with firewood. Of the 80 respondents, 63.75% use fuelwood from the...

Asad Ali, Anwar Ali, Muhammad Farooq and Basheer Ahmad* 

...4 m in 18 months, and Dalbergia sissoo exhibited an average girth of 5 cm and a height of 0.4 cm in 8 months.

...

Atyab Amjad1*, Riaz-Ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Shafique Khalid2, Samia Ikram1, Riaz Bukhari1, Muhammad Shafique3 and Muhammad Luqman4

... tunnels. The maximum number of leaves per plant (38) was observed for Crystal Blanco cultivated in a greenhouse environment. Notably, the number of flower buds per plant did not exhibit significant variation across growing conditions, although Crystal Blanco again displayed a trend of superior performance. The largest bud diameter (20.2 mm) was recorded for Crystal Blanco grown under green netting. Crystal Blanco cultivated...

Aysha Fatima1, Safdar Ali1, Saira Azmat2, Luqman Amrao1, Muhammad Usman Ghani3*, Yasir Iftikhar4, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan4*, Adeel Ahmad5 and Humaira Kalsoom6

...entum Mill.); a vital member of Solanaceae family and commonly consumed vegetable worldwide. Early blight caused by the fungus Alternaria solani, with salient feature of target board effect or concentric rings is the most common foliar disease of tomato that reduces fruit yield. The present study was aimed at avoidance of fungicides and management of early blight through resistance source and nutrients. Tomato germplasm (Nadir F1, Naqeeb F1, Johir, Gohar, Walt...

Efi Rokana1, Iin Rohmatul Fatimah1, Brilian Desca Dianingtyas1, Niswatin Hasanah2, Wulandari3, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,3* 

...m various agricultural fiber sources in remote villages. This study aimed to investigate the impact of feeding different types of forage in the ration formula on sheep feedlot performance. Twenty-seven female local sheep (fat tailed) were utilized as research subjects. The study involved sheep rations comprising various ingredients, with three distinct research factors: elephant grass, corn plants, and rice straw. Employing a completely randomized design (CRD)...

Barkat Ullah Khan*, Ayaz Ahmad, Ashar Farooq, Muhammad Bilal Zia, Hammad-Ud-Din and Muhammad Atif Majeed

...ervations patterns in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The dataset includes 4,638 observations with spatial coordinates available. The data was analyzed using MS Excel and ArcGIS. The sources of observations include iNaturalist, the Natural History Museum, United Kingdom, Cornell University Lab of Ornithology, and the Paleobiology Database. The types of observations recorded in the dataset are fossil specimens, human observations, material samples, and prese...

Alain Kouam Simo1, Roland Nankam Chimi1*, Stevine Ngoueni Megouo1, Ariane Megne Fossouo1, Félicité Flore Djuikwo-Teukeng2, Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini3

...s from February to September 2023.Screening methods by visual exploration of the mesenteric veins in search of adult worms and coproscopic analysis using the filtration technique were used. This last technique, although being the technique of choice because it is done on animals in ante-morten, gives less reliable results than macroscopic observation in post-mortem. Of the 700 animals explored, we had a total 50.6% of animals affected by schistosomiasis with p...

Kh. Amber1, S.G. Kotb1, W.A. Morsy2* and W. Khalifa1

...s of broiler. A total number of 576 unsexed one-day-old Cobb broiler chicks were grown over a 35-d period. Chicks were similar concerning body weight and sex. The experimental design was factorial 3x2; three forms of feed (pellet, crumble, and mash) with or without supplementing CIBENZA enzyme (0.005%) in diets. All diets were nearly iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric based on digestible energy and contained similar levels of microelements. The results showed tha...

Murad Muhammad1,2,3*, Shahid Ullah1, Nimrah Ameen4, Abdul Wahab3,5, Abdul Basit6, Muqadas Batool7, Muhammad Nazim2,3 and Haroon Khan

...n District Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Many medicinal plants grow wild or as weeds worldwide, including in Pakistan. The Dir Upper district boasts a diverse weed flora with significant medicinal value for daily use. Surveys using semi-structured open-ended questionnaires were carried out in distant villages of the Larjam subdivisions, specifically interviewing 120 local respondents (85 males, including herbalists and pansiris, and 35 women) regarding the na...

Marriyam Batool1*, Ahmed Zia2, Shabir Ahmed1, Imran Bodlah3, Waheed Ali Panhwar4, Muhammad Ashfaque5, Falak Naz6 and Muhammad Muneer5

...a in Kaghan valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan is studied for the first time since inception of the country in 1947. Aphids were recorded from cultivated as well as wild plants grown at variable altitudes of the valley. A total of 398 individuals were collected from 26 host plants of which, 23 species and 13 genera are reported for the first time for this valley. Within the recorded fauna, Macrosiphum euphorbiae was found to be abundant with 103 i...

Muhammad Zahir Shah1,2 and Syed Basit Rasheed1,*

...n the tribal district Khyber located in the north-west of Pakistan near Pak-Afghan border. The disease burden has increased during the time of war against terrorism in the tribal belt of Pakistan bordering Afghanistan. This study was designed to investigate various ecological and entomological aspects of sand flies in war effected district Khyber. Sand flies were collected from seven different localities of the district by f...

Hafiz Muhammad Ashraf, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir* and Javed Iqbal Qazi

... flow. The decline in number of fish species with less Shannon–Wiener index (<3.5) depicted the alarming situation of natural water body. 

...
A.M. Ahmed1*, R. Dutta1, H. Pokhrel1, D. Nath1, L. Mudoi1, R. Sarmah1, S.K. Bhagabati1 and I. Ahmed2
...rom January 2019 to December 2020. A total of 81 different fish species were identified, divided into 10 orders, 24 families, and 52 genera. The orders Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Anabantiformes, and Synbranchiformes accounted for 88.88% of the total fish population and the remaining 12.12% is being contributed by other orders. The family Cyprinidae was found to be the most prevalent (40.74%). Minnows and barbs contributed the most (30.49%) among the 11 commo...

Noor Rahmawati*, Dea Indriani Astuti and Pingkan Aditiwati

...ly TLC examination, a number of endophytic fungus showed the presence of compounds with antioxidant function. Endophytic fungi crude extracts have been shown to be able to inhibit DPPH radicals by up to 86 percent by A26 and A19 and by 80 percent by B3 in spectrophotometric studies on cultures with antioxidant activity. This is the first report on endophytic fungus isolates from branches and leaves of T. sinensis that had antioxidant potential. The fungi were ...

Junaid Khan* and Muhammad Sajid

... ha-1) and timing (September, October and November) on fruit quality of guava in winter’ was conducted at farmer field of village, Gher Khan, District, Haripur during 2017-2018 with the objectives to optimize the appropriate dose of nitrogen and timing of application for growth and fruit quality of guava crop in winter. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with split plot arrangement ...

Muhammad Ihsan Ullah2, Muhammad Hasnain1*, Muhmmad Luqman2, Hammad Hussnain2, Muhammad Tauseef2, Abrar Ahmad2, Muhammad Shahid2, Qaisar Abbas3, Mussurrat Hussain3, Ali Raza2, Muhammad Musadique Ahmad Khan4, Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5, Sajid Nadeem6

...(ARRI), Faisalabad. A number of the most notorious and destructive pests to cotton crops are sucking insects, including whitefly Bemisia tabaci, jassid, Amrasca biguttula and thrips, Thrips tabaci. About 28% of losses occur in cotton crops every year due to the attack of these insect pests. The major goal of chemical control, which includes using different pesticides is to reduce yield losses in cotton crops. In order to identify an insecticide that could effi...

Muhammad Iqbal1*, Saba Iqbal1, Asmat Ullah2, Arbab Jahangeer1, Naveed Akhtar3, Tahira Tabassum3, Ali Zohaib3, Naveed Ramzan3

...t height (14%), total number of bolls per plant (44%), average boll weight (30%), and seed cotton yield (50%) were also documented in FYMM + WSM. Economic analysis revealed that FYMM + WSM were the most economically feasible option with 30% higher benefit cost ratio (BCR) than control. Therefore, it is recommended that the bed tops should be covered with FYMM + WSM at the time of sowing to obtain improved growth, yield, and economic benefits in cotton cultivat...
...>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis consists of non-motile and pleomorphic rods. The frequent rout of entry of C. pseudotuberculosis into the body of animal is in punctures and scratches of the skin. It results in the development of caseous abscesses in external and internal lymph nodes. Therefore, the following were the objectives of this research: to identify and isolate bacteriologically, to characterize molecularly C. ps...

Paulus Klau Tahuk*, Gerson Frans Bira, Wolfhardus Vinansius Feka 

...de protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), carbohydrates (CHO), and metabolizable energy (ME). OM intake in treatments T2 and T3 was higher than in T1; CP intake in treatment T3 was higher than in T1, but similar to T2. CF intake in T3 was lower (P<0.05) compared to T1 and T2. Moreover, CHO intake was higher (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 compared to T1, while ME intake was higher (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 compared to T1. The digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CHO, and energy (...

Byamungu Mayange Tomple1*, Ik-Hwan Jo2, Rajaraman Bharanidharan1, Seun-Gun Won2 and Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid3*

...fect on acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, concurrently escalating neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content. Notably, the manure fertilization levels of 200 and 250 kg N/ha exhibited the highest total digestible nutrient (TDN) content. The temporal progression of kenaf growth was characterized by increasing height, while no statistically significant differences were detected in DM yield. In summation, optimal growth and develo...

Iffat Ara Mahzabin, Mohammad Maruf Hasan*, Saifur Rahman, Md. Asaduzzaman Sarker and Md. Yeakub Ali

... from August 20 to September 22, 2022. The highest proportion of the respondents (86.68%) had a medium level of satisfaction, while 9.16% had a low and 4.16% had a high level of satisfaction regarding services provided through the fisherman ID card. Furthermore, providing rice during ban season, forming fishermen cooperative societies, and taking a lease of government open water bodies were the essential services received by the respondents using their ID card...

Rejvi Ahmed Bhuiya1, Md. Ruhul Amin2 and A.K.M. Kanak Pervez2*

...ize. From January to October 2022, researchers conducted in-person interviews with participants to gather data for this study. Around 49% of the farmers are in the medium category regarding RCT adoption. A linear regression model was applied to determine the relation between the adoption of RCTs and socio-demographic factors. The more educated and trained, the more exposed to extension services, the media, and organisations were, and the more likely they were ...

Jamal Abdul Nasir1, Naila Chand1, Abdul Hafeez1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2*

...puted hatchery. Equal number of chicks was assigned to four groups and each group was further replicated three times. Each replicate consisted of 20 chicks. Group PO-0 was considered as control and was fed with commercial ration with no supplementation. Group PO-1 was fed with commercial ration supplemented with 10 g mushroom waste/kg of feed. While group PO-2 and group PO-3 was fed with commercial ration supplemented with 20g and 30g of mushroom waste/kg of f...

Hazrat Younas1,*, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai1, Amjad Ali1 and Rizwan Ahmad2

... Mohamand district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data was collected from a sample of 119 tomato growers through a well-designed questionnaires and structured interviews. The research employed a multistage sampling technique to acquire primary research data, and the Cobb-Douglas type Stochastic Frontier Production model was utilized with maximum likelihood estimation. The outcomes unveiled a technical efficiency range of 0.73 to 0.76, with an average of 0.75...

Yusra Karim1, Munawar Saleem Ahmad1, Javed Khan2, Imtiaz Khan3*, Said Hussain Shah2, Syeda Anika Shamsher4, Imran Qazi5, Habib-Ur-Rehman Kakar6 and Wajih Ullah7 

Qais Abdulrahman M. Al-Jaghifi, Zina Saab Khudhir* 

... in Baghdad city, the number and isolation percentage (%) of S. aureus and MRSA were 11/50 (22%) and 4/50 (8%), respectively. In fresh meat samples (n=50), these figures were 16/50 (32%) and 3/50 (6%), respectively. Chitosan solutions at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) were prepared by dissolving food-grade chitosan in 1% acetic acid. Evaluation of bacterial reduction in log units was recorded. The bacterial counts before dipping meat samples...

Waheed Iqbal* and Muhammad Faheem Malik

...rtant pollinators and members of a well-studied taxonomic group, order Lepidoptera of class Insecta. In order to explore the diversity of the butterfly fauna, a field survey was conducted every two weeks from June 2017 to September 2019 in selected locales of the Potohar Plateau, Punjab, Pakistan. An annotated checklist of the butterfly fauna was prepared using a total of 1117 specimens of butterflies from 32 species across ...

Khansa N. Salsabilah*, Achmad Firman, Lilis Nurlina

...Republic of Indonesia Number 06/PER/DEP.6/IV/2016 and Key Performance Indicators (KPI). Financial performance analysis emphasizes aspects of capital, quality of productive assets, efficiency, liquidity, and independence and growth. Meanwhile, KPIs emphasize the achievements of all financial aspects, where the KPI value is between 0 – 100%. Milk production, dairy cow population, and financial data were obtained from the 2021 and 2022 Annual Reports of KPB...
Nurhayati1*, Chandra Utami Wirawati2, Dwi Desmiyeni Putri1
...t of 23.56%, low crude fiber content of 8.83%, low crude fat content of 3.6%, and a fairly high metabolizable energy content of 3,029.33 kcal. The fermented products from this research are expected to be used as non-conventional alternative feedstuff to be tested as feedstuff for various types of poultry.
 
Keywords | Mineral addition level, Fermentation duration, Palm kernel cake, Cassava byproduct, Aspergillus niger, Nutrient val...
Nurhayati1*, Chandra Utami Wirawati2, Dwi Desmiyeni Putri1
...t of 23.56%, low crude fiber content of 8.83%, low crude fat content of 3.6%, and a fairly high metabolizable energy content of 3,029.33 kcal. The fermented products from this research are expected to be used as non-conventional alternative feedstuff to be tested as feedstuff for various types of poultry.
 
Keywords | Mineral addition level, Fermentation duration, Palm kernel cake, Cassava byproduct, Aspergillus niger, Nutrient val...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and 
Amal M. Abd El Raof2
...6 cm in diameter, and numbers according to infection severity. The infected calves displayed serious signs of illness, such as extensive skin lesions and respiratory manifestations. The morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates were 32.5% (187/575), 6.1% (35/575), and 18.7% (35/187), respectively. There was no significant difference in disease occurrence between different age groups, but animals aged <1 year revealed high mortality. The analysis confirm...

Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1*, Muhammad Sikander Hayyat, Muhammad Zeshan Maajid, Mubashar Nadeem and Amjed Ali

.... Wheat plant height, number of productive tillers, spike length and grain yield showed a significant decline at and beyond C. arvensis density of 8 plants per m2. Whereas number of grain spike-1 and 1000-grain weight of wheat were prone to substantial reduction at and above 4 and 12 C. arvensis plants m-2, respectively. Losses of grain yield of wheat ranged between 10 to 28% under the influence of C. arvensis density betwee...

Zahid Fazal1, Jaweria Gul2, Muhammad Subhan, Khan Sher and Qasir Ali

...the highest and equal number of species (seven ea.) in nanophylls and microphylls, either class comprised 30.7% of the species. Mesophylls four spp. (17.3%) followed by three spp. in macrophylls (13%). Aphyllous and leptophyllous groups were merely represented by one species ea. either sharing 4.3%. In order to harvest the optimum yields of these crops appropriate management of the highlighted weeds is recommended.

...

Umm-e-Kulsoom1, Saima Hashim2, Fazli Wahid3, Haseena Gulzar4 and Tamana Bakht5

...">District Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is a hilly area and its major cash crop is potato. The area produces good quality potato and the farmers have small land holdings and thus majority of the farmers prefer to grow potato. There are limited pathogens or insect that can significantly affect the potato while presence of weeds is a major concern for the potato growers. As per our documentation survey, Amaranthus viridis and Chenopodum album were found as majo...

Fawad Ali1, 2, Gul Hassan2*, Naveed Akhtar3, Muhammad Jamal Babar3 and Ataullah Jan4

... in Tehsil Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan, a field field survey through Quadrat method was conducted during March and April, 2013. A total of 32 weed species belonging to 18 families were recorded from the research area. The predominant families were Brassicaeae (5 spp.), Poacea and Fabaceae (4 spp. ea.) followed by Polygonaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophlliceae and Plantaginaceae (2 spp. ea.), while the remaining families were represented by only ...

Gul Hassan, Anees Amin, Haroon ur Rashid, Naqib Ullah Khan and Hussain Ali1

...plants of Parthenium and berseem were collected before flowering stage, chopped into about 1 cm pieces, dried and then incorporated into soil 30 days before planting. The treatments included NPK at recommended dose alone and NPK + 1, 2, 3 and 4% dried parthenium (w/w of soil). For comparison, treatments like dried berseem 2% (w/w) and untreated (0 NPK and 0 Parthenium or berseem); were als...

Ghulam Rasool1, Ayesha Aihetasham1*, Zulfiqar Ali1* and Rida Ahmad1,2

... were conducted from October 2020 to March 2021 and October 2021 to March 2022 on monthly basis using point count method. Five species of geese were recorded at the wetlands including bar-headed goose Anser indicus, with the highest number of individuals (2,701 at eleven sites) followed by greylag goose Anser anser (1,224 at nine sites), cotton pygmy-goose Nettapus coromandelianus (74 at e...

Taqwa Safdar, Khalid Abbas*, Muhammad Sarfraz Ahmed, Hina Amjad, Sumra Naz and Jamal Kazam

...enetic diversity. The number of alleles on each locus ranging from 2.0 to 6.0, with an average of 3.48 was observed at various loci. The average observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.664 to 0.76 and 0.631 to 0.664, respectively. For all tested loci, population combinations showed significant deviation (p<0.05) from HWE. The AMOVA indicated that most of the variation lied within individuals in populations of H. molitrix. Based on Nei’s g...

Huzaifa Hammad1, Bakhtiar Gul1, Haroon Khan1, Muhammad Fawad1*, Hafizullah2, Haidar Ali3 and Tamana Bakht4

...-1) was recorded in cucumber used as living mulch. Similarly maximum days to maturity (129.67) was noted in water melon, followed by cowpea as living mulch took (117.67). Maximum number of grains were recorded in cowpea (270.33), while minimum number of grains were recorded in control. Cost benefit ratio revealed that hand weeded treatment excelled among all the other applied treatments wi...

YP Arios1,2*, J Pamungkas3, IWT Wibawan3, D Iskandriati4, CS Tan5, SPH Rahman5

...stify;">A substantial number of studies have documented the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in dogs and cats through RNA and/or antibody detection, following the initial reported case of companion animal infection in March 2020. The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from and to companion animals is crucial because dogs and cats frequently share close proximity with their owners and often engage with people and other animals outside of their household. Earlier research has sug...

Essa D Alhtheal1*, Sufian S Salman2, Salah M AL-Kubaisi3

... CNPS/cyclosporine nanofibers and solution were prepared. It was dissolved in deionized water at a weight ratio of 2G CNPS diluted with 100 ml DW, and mixtures were prepared by stirring at 80 Co for three and adding five drops of acetic acid. The physical properties and chemical composition were characterized using FE-SEM. Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 20 – 50 nanometers. For succession. Bone marrow examination, counting m...

Muhammad Farooq* and Sanam Zarif

...demand for fuel wood, lumber, and animal feed has historically led to the introduction of exotic species into Pakistan. Even while invasive species are not as severe in Pakistan as they are in some other nations, their effects on the region’s biodiversity are frequently overlooked. Significant ecological ramifications result from the roughly 700 foreign species of vascular plants that are found in Pakistan. These include high-impact invaders such as Brou...

Muhammad Ramzan Ali1*, Hasina Basharat2, Aziz Ahmed1, Mubeen Fakhar1 and Shamim Akhter2

...May and ends up in September. A female fish of about 1 kg gave good results in the terms of fertilization rate (%) hatching rate (%) and a handsome number of hatchlings was obtained by the artificial breeding. 

...

Mohammad Wasiullah Khan* and Abdur Rab

...t (6.53 %), the total number of fruits plant-1 (916). Among application stages, Zn sprayed 15 days after fruit set increased leaf protein content (6.70 %), total number of fruits plant-1 (932). Various attributes studied for storage duration of plum fruit were significantly affected by zinc concentration less weight loss (11.91%), TSS (13.76 ºBrix) were recorded with fruit plant sprayed with zinc sulphate @ 1.1 kg ha-1....

Mushtaq Ahmad1, Hikmat Ullah Jan2, Kanwal Raina3, Nazara Shafiq3, Syed Mukarram Shah1, Muhammad Ibrahim4, Shaha Buddin1 and Gulnaz Parveen3*

...Tehsil Sarai Naurang, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Wheat and maize are staple crops that form the backbone of global food systems, providing essential nutrition for billions of people worldwide. The ethnobotanical survey was conducted by interviewing local people and farmers to document traditional knowledge on weed species in maize and wheat crops. A semi-structured questionnaire along with group discussion and interviews were used to gather ethnobotanical d...

Israa M. Essa*, Ghazi Y. Azzal, Alaa Tariq Abdulwahid

...study include the low number of examined animals, short period of study, and disapproving of some owners to examine their slaughtered animals. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the suitable parasite control measures (e.g. controlling the snails, judicious annual using of flukecide, frequent examination of fecal samples of field animals, and destroying of infected livers) and evaluation the local epidemiology of fasciolosis. Also, wider surveys including di...

Md Imran Hossen1, Shakhe Reju Ana Boishakhe1 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh2*

...c, Barishal between November 01, 2023 to 10 April, 2024. A total of 131 case data were investigated that were extracted from the paper-based recording system in both place of which 53 cases were diagnosed as FP. Next, we calculated the prevalence, mortality rate, and case fatality of FPV infection in the domestic cats of different age groups and sexes. In this study, 40.45% cats were found to be infected with FPV, where mortality rate and case fatality rate we...

Ririn Siti Rahmatillah1*, Diky Ramdani1, Iman Hernaman2, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Yulianri Rizki Yanza2

...PD, %), acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD, %), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, %), and blood urea levels. However, a significant reduction in blood glucose levels was observed (P = 0.002). A sub-group analysis showed that spent tea leaves supplementation affected the DMI (P=0.004) and ADFD (P = 0.032). In contrast, tea extract influenced blood glucose (mg/dl, P < 0.001) and blood urea (mg/dl, P < 0....

Mohanad O. Al-Jubouri1*, Sadeq M. AL Haider2, Safa M. Imran3

...riod extending from December 2022 to November 2023, Fish were caught using three types of nets The seine net, gill nets and cast net. Seven diseases were bacterial It is diagnosed by clinical signs that appear from severe infections of external and internal organs (Bacterial gill disease, Tail and fin rot, Infection abdominal dropsy, Columnaris Disease, Enteric red mouth disease, Bacterial enteritis, Vibriosis). Bacteria wer...
Namaat R Abdulla1*, Abdullah FA2, Ali Abd Kadhum3, Ghanyem HS4, Noor R Abdulla5

Muhammad Ariana Setiawan1, Ujang Hidayat Tanuwiria2*, Andi Mushawwir2

... protein (RDP) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC). Nutrients that are easily degraded in the rumen can be seen from their metabolite products such as total gas production, gas kinetics, and methane gas production. This study aims to determine the effect of the balance of rumen degradable protein (RDP) with non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) in cattle rations on total gas production, gas kinetics and methane gas production in vitro. ...

Adsadawut Sanannam1, Worawatt Hanthongkul2, Yu-Jing Liao3, Kunlayaphat Wuthijaree4, Pattaraporn Tatsapong4, Amornrat Wanangkarn4,5, Anurak Khieokhajonkhet4,5, Niran Aeksiri4,5, Sureeporn Saengwong6, Wilasinee Inyawilert4,5*

... 26. However, a small number of epithelial cells that were either nucleated or cornified were observed during the entire pregnancy period. Additionally, the MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was analyzed using gelatin zymography in four pregnant pigs on day 60 and a non-pregnant pig on the day it returned to estrus after artificial insemination. Each sample was standardized by dividing the density of the band using Image J Software. Pregnant pigs showed significantly...
Plinio Vargas Zambrano1*, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Julio Ibarra Arteaga4, Camilo Chávez Ceballos4 and Ramona Párraga Alava1
... holes to separate the fibers into particles, colorimetry analysis was performed with a Konica Minolta CR-400 colorimeter, a viscosity analysis using a rotational viscometer and a hedonic scale of 7 points sensory analysis, the data were processed in the Minitab program, ANOVA and Dunnet. It was determined that there was a significant difference in the useful life of the product with respect to fungi, yeasts and mesophiles. In conclusion, results showed that t...
Damat Damat1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Shazma Anwar3, Mohammed Ali Wedyan4
Zane Vincevica-Gaile5, Yogo Adhi Nugroho2, Tony Liwang2, Thontowi Djauhari Nur Subchi1*, 
Ahmad Fauzi1, Hanif Alamudin Manshur1, Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Vritta Amroini Wahyudi1
Yolla Muvika Ananda1 and Hemalia Agustin Rachmawati1
..., crude protein, crude fiber, crude lipid, dietary fiber, and sugar contents and compared to La Boitê commercial product from Brazil. Principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were run for the purpose, followed by Tukey posthoc test for certain variables. The results demonstrated that Mengani CP was the most similar to La Boitê as their mineral, heavy metal, crude protein, crude fi...
Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker1*,Nuratiqah Emran1, Nurul Elyni Mat Shaari1, Arba Aleem2, Zanariah Mohd Nor1 and Ali Majrashi3
...th of root and leaves number significantly. It can be concluded that exogenous Cd inhibits the Pak Choi germination and growth under hydroponic conditions. 
...

Zhulmaydin C. Fachrussyah1*, Indra G. Ahmad2, Iin S. Lantu3, Arafik Lamadi2, Wila R. Nento3

...as carried out from November to December 2023 at Gorontalo State University’s Integrated Laboratory of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Technology. A total of 40 catfish samples measuring 20-25 cm from cultivation sites using a biofloc system were selected using saturated sampling based on the sustainability of the catfish business (5 years), which included 20 businesses. Ectoparasite observations were conducted using a ...

Saitul Fakhri1*, Heni Suryani2, Teja Kaswari1, Munawwaroh Pane1, Neneng Hariyati1, Dodi Rolis Limbong1, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Daniel Komwihangilo4

...oximate parameters and fiber fractions. One gram of the sample from each treatment group was incubated with buffered rumen fluid at 39°C for 72 h. Gas production was measured after incubation for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 62, and 72 h. pH, NH3, organic matter degradation (OMD) and microbial yield (MBO) were measured at the end of the incubation period. The gas data were fitted using an exponential model. Results revealed that the steam decreased (P&l...

Wali Muhammad Mangrio1*, Hakim Ali Sahito1, Abdul Hafeez Mastoi2, Sanaullah Sattar3, Fahmeeda Imdad Sahito4 and Shahid Ali Jakhrani1

... as the “king of fiber”, “white gold” cash crop with prominent economic value. This study aims to seek out and examine the potential resistance against infestation of sucking and bollworm insect pests on promising transgenic and non-transgenic cotton genotypes in farmer’s field condition, Naushahro Feroze. The seeds of three popularly grown genetically hybrid cotton varieties namely; KMG-1, KMG-2, KMG-3, and non-Bt NIAB-78 were so...

Xinxing Wang1,4, Yunrong Shi2, Guobao Chen1, Tao Chen1, Kui Zhang1,3* and Wenhua Liu4*

...d 167 genera. Average numbers of (families, genera, species), (genera, species), and (species) per order, family, and genus, (4.39, 9.28, 14.94), (2.11, 3.41), and (1.61) were recorded. An average taxonomic distinctness of 75.0, and variation in taxonomic distinctness 99.8 were calculated. Whereas, an average taxonomic distinctness reveals genetic relationships between PRE fish species to be closer than in the East China Sea continental shelf (65.7) and Daya B...

Shah Fahad* and Akhtar Ali 

...tal households’ number was 10496. A sample size of 385 was drawn out of total households through Yamani formula. Proportional allocation method was used for equal representation of the respondents. Interview schedule was used as a tool for the collection of primary data. The data results indicates that majority of the respondents were having age between 20-30 years. The illiteracy ratio was 58% while 42% were literate, 28% of the respondents were having ...

Iqrar Hussain1, Ibrar Hussain2, Fazal-i-Wahid2, Ghani Gul3, Waseem Ullah Shah*4, Muhammad Numan5 and Muhammad Anas4*

...percentage (57.77 %), number of tuber plant-1 (5.22), tubers weight plant-1 (0.659 g), tuber diameter (3.28 cm), tuber yield ha-1 (25.57 tons) and minimum days to emergence (17.44 days). Among the three cultivars, Desiree showed maximum sprouting percentage (62.08 %), number of tu

Iqra Almas, Samia Afzal*, Muhammad Idrees, Muhammad Shahid, Iram Amin and Kausar Malik

...ample were shown more number of haplotypes and total diversity as compared to sons. The quasispecies analysis showed the mother and sons were infected with HBV having similar genetic makeup, indicating the vertical transfer of infection. This case study provides knowledge about genetic variations that contributes to the improved diagnosis of the infection, treatment therapy, follow-up, and future treatment strategies.

...

Zulfiqar Ali1, Asad Ullah2*, Shumaila Gul3, Maryam Begum4, Raheela Taj5, Tahira Tayyeb1, Maiz ur Rahman1, Muhammad Owais Khan1, Rafiq Ullah1, Imad Khan2, Ali Gohar2, Shakirullah Khan6, Khudija Ghani7 and Muneeb Islam8

...Buner, and Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 5000 goats and sheep of various ages, breeds, sexes, and locations were inspected and examined for tick infestation. A total of 1774 goats and 1044 sheep were found to be tick infested, and the percentage prevalence was 59.37 for goats and 51.45 for sheep were recorded. Our studies showed tick diversity, infestation rate, and numerous factors (season, age, and gender of host) influencing tick infes...

Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah2, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal1, Inam-ul-Haq1, Attiq Ur Rehman1, Javeria Sherani3, Muhammad Imran3 and Rizwan Latif4

... area of Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Punjab, Azad Jammu Kashmir (AJK) and Gilgit Balistan (GB). This is only possible due to availability of certified olive plants in a bulk quantity. Center of Excellence for Olive Research and Training (CEFORT) is playing a pivot role in this regard as a source for availability of certified plants. To meet the increasing demand for the olive plants nursery production technologies should be optimized according to ov...

Al-Moataz Bellah Mahfouz Shaarawy1, Mahmoud Yassin Mohamed1*, Mahmoud Sayed Sayah2,1, Ashraf Ali Mehany1, Ezzat Arafa Ahmed El-Beltagi1, Shimaa M. Ali1

...mance such as reaching puberty, and fertility compared to other groups. The 3rd group showed the highest concentrations of serum proteins, glucose, and lipid profiles. The 2nd group came next, and 1st group registered the lowest concentrations. In conclusion, data on GH and LP levels from birth to weaning could be a useful early-life selection tool for selecting high-performing individuals and predicting improved animal performance in the distant future throug...

Zafrullah Khan1, Shah Alam Khan1, Tamana Bakht2, Luqman5*, Noor Muhammad1, Naeem Khan3, Iqbal Munir4, Ruqayya Qazi1 and Shazia2

...selected divisions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan was carried out in 2016. The region-wise results showed the over all incidence of potato virus Y (PVY) to be highest in all the three divisions on potato crop followed by the incidence of potato leaf roll virus (PLRV). The PVYand PLRV incidence in Malakand divisionwas noted by 62.7 and 44.6 %, respectively. In Peshawar division the incidence of PVY was 55.4% and that of the PLRV was 40.7% and the incidence of ...

Rand K. Abbas1, Zahraa S. Hadi1*, Zainab A. Hussein2, Sajad K. Matooq3

...tween March 2023 and October 2023. In order to analyze blood parameters (Hb, PCV, RBC, and WBC), sixty mature chickens were employed. Blood samples (1 ml) were taken from each chicken’s jugular vein and placed into an ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid test tube. The tube was then gently shaken. The results were obtained using the Cell-Dyn Ruby equipment. The dissected intestinal portions of the sacrificed chickens were extracted in order to look at the p...
Hussein Ali Naji1, Saad Hashim Al-Husseiny2, Zainab Abdul Hussein Saud3 and Wesssam Monther Mohammed Saleh1*
...lign: justify;">Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is disease-affecting cattle, sheep and goats, which are more susceptible than other animals, and has spread all the Europe countries since 2011. In the current study was amid to investigate the seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus antibodies in cattle in Basra and Al_Qadisiyah Provinces in south Iraq from September 2019 to august 2021. In a total ...

Heba El-Sayed Mostafa1,2*, Lama Sulaiman Alahmadi1, Shiyma Abullah Alrahule1, Nada Fareed Alzughaibi1, Hala Rafat Zulali1, Yasmin Islam Magdi3, Saada Saad Alharbi1

 
...d that a considerable number (75.5%) of participants favored the use of animals in scientific research. There was a statistically significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in those who accepted the use of animals as they got older. Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females and those in the medicine specialty were significant predictors of opinions on animal research. Linear regression analysis showed that age and source of knowledge were si...

Emad M. Gad1, Haidy G. Abdel-Rahman2, Mohy Eldin Abd-El-Fattah1, Merna M. Kamal1, Ahmed Shaker Eltahan3, Amina A. Dessouki3*

...act of dapagliflozin, mulberry fruit and leaves extracts and their combination on the kidney of diabetic rats. To induce diabetic nephropathy, experimental rats were supplied with 10% fructose (Fr) in drinking water for the first two weeks. Each Fr-fed animal received an intraperitoneal injection of a low single dose of STZ (40 mg/kg) after being fasted for the whole night. Sixty albino rats were separated into six equivalent groups. Group I control rats admin...

Rahmat Ullah Khan* and Karim Gabol

...in (from January to December) 2021. For the authentication and data recording, the study area was categorized into three reflective habitats (i) mountainous, (ii) agricultural, and (iii) residential. The survey was established twice a day at dawn (from 06:00 am to 11:00 am) and dusk (from 02:30 pm to 07:00 pm), respectively. Both direct observations and indirect proofs were recorded from all habitats through line transect and point count methods. A total of ei...

Hussein Jabar Jasim*, Naer Abdulbari Madlool Alkaabawi, Ali Naser Kathem  

... 2022 and the end of October 2022. The most typical clinical indications of ascariasis infection in horses were diarrhea 51.4%, increased heart rate 50.27%, respiratory rate 46.37%, coughing 50%, snoring during breathing 48.55%, nasal and ocular discharge 49.27%, and rough hair coat 52.89%. Also, results of epidemiological investigation discovered that out of 138 examined horses, 75 tested positives for ascariasis, with infection rate of 54.34% depended to flo...

Abdur Rehman*, Muhammad Umair Khan, Zahid Rauf, Saeed Akhtar, Abdur Rahman Khan and Mansoor Khan

...on the equitable woody fiber anatomical dimensions of two types that are Willow (Salix tetrasperma) and Lachi (Eucalyptus camaldulensis). The excellence of pulp and paper is directly linked to the fiber characteristics such as fiber wall thickness, fiber lumen diameter, and fiber length. Several wood characteristics as...

Iram Alam Sthanadar1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Sami Siraj2 and Omar Malik2

... family 2 subfamily C member 9 (CYP2C9). CYP2C9 has shown better glycemic control and reduced the treatment failure rates compared to metformin and its combination therapy. To study the association of CY2PC9 gene variant rs1057910 in T2DM patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) origin, the cohort study was conducted for a period of 12 months including 150 patients receiving metformin, glimepiride and its combination therapy. Pur...

Bingzhao Yan1, Guiping Chen2, Lulu Ding1, Ruxue Huang1, Wenjing Yu1 and Jicang Wang1*

...nd an increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the testis of TUNEL. In addition, cadmium exposure significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of PERK, CHOP, ATF4, eIF2α, GRP78, and the pro-apoptotic factor Bax, while the expression of the apoptosis inhibiting factor Bcl-2 was significantly decreased, and compared with the CdCl2 group, the CdCl2 + Que group showed significantly decreased gene expression of PERK, CHOP, ATF4, eIF2&alp...

Pangesti Nugrahani1*, Hery Purnobasuki2, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori3, Jatuporn Anuchai4 and Anugerah Dany Priyanto5,6

...plantlet weight, root number, leaf number, and shoot number. The study followed a completely randomized design with one factor, namely the composition of the planting medium, consisting of five treatments: full MS without BAP (MS0), ½ MS without BAP (½MS0), ¼ MS without BAP (¼ MS0), ½ MS supplemented with BAP at 3 mg L-1 (½ MSB), and ¼ MS su...

Aytan Ilham Zeynalova1*, Fariz Shahin Alakbarov1, Dunya Ali Isayeva1 and Sait Engindeniz2

...rom Greece have a high fiber output (40-42%), which led to a high fiber yield (13.2 and 13.8 c/ha). The net return that can be obtained after growing Ganja-110 cotton variety was calculated as 258.60 USD/ha and was higher than other varieties.

...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Chindy Damanik, Dandi Oherman Girsang, Erwanto, Liman, Muhtarudin and Ali Husni 

...OM), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) components in Brahman Crossbred cattle. The research utilized a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising of 3 treatments and 3 groups. The experimental treatments consisted of three groups: P0, which consisted of 80% basal feed and 20% untreated corn cobs (0% urea); P1, which consisted of 80% basal feed and 20% ammoniated corn cobs (2.5% urea); and ...

Rawya Shakir Mohammed*, Baraa Najim Al-Okaily

... with decrease in the number of primary, secondry and graafian follicles as compared to other groups. Nevertheless, current results indicated that the administration of CurSeNPs with or without doxorubicin in the G2 and G3 groups revealed a decrease in the expression of the VEGF gene and an improvement in the inflammatory lesions of ovaries.The current study has demonstrated that CurSeNPs exhibit preventive effects against doxorubicin toxic effects in healthy ...

Rico Anggriawan1*, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari2, Sri Hidanah3, Muhammad Anam Al Arif4, Diyah Ayu Candra5

... aims to identify the number of cases and residues of enrofloxacin and tylosin that exceed the maximum threshold the maximum number of cases of overuse of enrofloxacin and tylosin antibiotics in commercial broiler farms in Indonesia, as well as detect drug residues that exceed the maximum threshold set by SNI 2000. . Based on SNI 2000, the Maximum Residue Limit (BMR) is intended to increase consumer and broiler farmer awaren...

Ridha Tunnisa1, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2*, Sri Purwanti2, Sri Rachma Aprilita Bugiwati2, Wempie Pakiding2

...frequency, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were analyzed in this research. The research showed that three genotypes, AA, AB, and BB, were successfully visualized. The AB and BB genotype of the IGF-1 gene was significantly related (P<0.05) with final body weight, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio in hens Alope chicken. So the IGF-1 gene has the potential to be used as a genetic marker for the initial selection process of Alope chickens.
...
Wan Norhafizah Wan Azman and John Yew Huat Tang* 
... 30oC, the numbers of L. monocytogenes was counted. It has been demonstrated that at a concentration of 1.5%, citric acid is efficient in eliminating L. monocytogenes without agitation. With a citric acid (1.0%), the effectiveness of citric acid in killing L. monocytogenes is greatly enhanced by the use of physical forces. The duration of the citric acid treatment was also found to have a major impact on the elimination of L....
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and Amal M. Abd El-Raof2
...es varied in size and numbers. Conventional PCR was employed for LSDV confirmation as LSDV DNA was identified in 11 out of 12 (91.6%) samples [6/6 (100%) skin nodule biopsies and 5/6 (83.3%) nasal swabs] using EEV Glycoprotein gene. The nucleotide sequences of the EEV Glycoprotein gene of LSDV from 2 diseased cows aligned with those received from Gene Bank demonstrating that, the two detected LSDV were 100% similar and shared high sequence homology with the vi...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and Amal M. Abd El-Raof2
...es varied in size and numbers. Conventional PCR was employed for LSDV confirmation as LSDV DNA was identified in 11 out of 12 (91.6%) samples [6/6 (100%) skin nodule biopsies and 5/6 (83.3%) nasal swabs] using EEV Glycoprotein gene. The nucleotide sequences of the EEV Glycoprotein gene of LSDV from 2 diseased cows aligned with those received from Gene Bank demonstrating that, the two detected LSDV were 100% similar and shared high sequence homology with the vi...
Mok Sam Lum, Nurul Fadhilah binti Aldam and Clament Fui Seung Chin* 
...gth (p = 0.0077), and number of grains per cob (p = 0.0207) compared to the control plant received an optimal rate of 120 kg ha-1 urea without AE. No significant differences were recorded for chlorophyll content, cob fresh weight, and weight of 100 grains. It is found that sweet corn received high N with the lowest AE (110 kg ha-1 urea + 10% AE) enhanced vegetative growth in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, cob length, and grain yi...

Imtiaz Khan1, Arsalan Khan2*, Umme Aimen2, Waseem Ullah2, Akhtar Ali2, Qamar Ullah3, Muhammad Faimullah Khan4, Abdul Wadood Jan5, Salma Zaman6, Abdul Qadoos1, Tayyeb Ullah7 

...arm in district Tank, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The trial involved the selection of 40 dairy cattle, which were divided into three treated groups and one untreated control group. A single anthelmintic drug was administered to each cohort on day zero. Fecal samples were collected from each animal in the groups on the first, seventh, fourteenth, twenty-eighth, sixty-fifth and eightieth days following treatment. The efficacy of the anthelmintics was determined by the p...

Nguyen Ba Trung1,2*, Pham Thi Kim Phuong1,2

...ing festival. A small number of cattle in the Phum squirrels have a pure Ongole phenotype. However, due to the practice of castration of male calves and Sindization, purebred Ongole are in danger of extinction, whereas genetic features have not been investigated. This study aimed to examine the genetic features of Ongole cattle by utilizing molecular markers. We examined the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA and the SRY gene on the Y chromosome, as wel...

Danyal Khan1, Abdur Rahman1, Muhammad Shuaib2,3*, Sohaib Ul Hassan4, Abubakar Sufyan5, Wajid Ullah1, Seema Jani1, Obaid Ullah6 and Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui7

...he irrigation area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, buffalo farming is increasingly prevalent, and the high cost of buffalo milk pushes farmers to sell more than they need for calves. Insufficient milk feeding causes hunger, poor development,and high mortality. Thus, an appropriate milk replacer will meet the needs of a newborn calf and help it thrive without culling.
...

Khawla Abdul- Aziz Salman1, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory3*, Rasha Fajer Al-Jebory4

...re utilized between November 29, 2022, and January 1, 2023, (to investigate the effect of neem leaf powder on some physiological characteristics of broilers exposed to heat stress), these birds were randomly allocated into four treatment groups, The experimental treatments consisted of (T1) a control group without any treatment, and three groups supplemented with neem leaf powder at rates of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg food, referred to as treatments T2, T3, and T...
Phuong-Thao Ho1, 2, Thi Tuong Vy Nguyen3, Ngoc Hai Tran3 and Tran Van Giang4*
... length and diameter, number of tentacles, and longitudinal muscular bands of those thriving at different habitats. Additionally, we examined the growth pattern for the Vietnamese sipuncula using a least-squares regression model computed for weight–length relationships. The BM – BL relationship exhibited a significantly linear regression and a negative allometric growth pattern, indicating faster length increment compared to weight. The present stu...

Aimen Raza1, Muhammad Muzamil Ijaz1,2*, Adnan Younis1, Nasir Ahmad Khan3, Ahsan Akram1, M. Abdul Salam khan2 and M. Nadeem4

... recurvata Lem.) is a member of the asparagaceae family and is used as an indoor and outdoor ornamental plant. In horticulture, using sustainable growing substrates is an appropriate method of environmental management and provides nutrients to the plants. The goal of this study was to use plant-based substrates as growing mediums for ponytail palm production. The research was conducted at Lalazar Nursery, Gardening Wing Estate Management, University of Agricul...

Farida Bibi2, Zahin Anjum1*, Imran Khan3, Shaista Ali1 and Rabia Chishti1

...onsumed breakfasts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). Twelve (N=12) commonly consumed breakfast were selected. Breakfasts were prepared according to averaged and standard recipe. Following an approximation method recommended in literature Exchange lists were developed. Data on the nutritional composition of commonly consumed breakfast in Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa can be used by health care workers, nutritionists and dietitians t...

Farhan Anjum1*, Sheraz Ahmad Khan1, Raees Muhammad2, Yousaf Jamal1, Durrishahwar1, Jawad Ali Shah1 and Hidayat Ullah1*

...earch Station, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to evaluate the yield and yield-related features of three local landraces and one exotic maize variety of yellow genotypes. A Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was used to evaluate the genotypes. With the exception of days to maturity, there were highly significant differences among the maize genotypes for almost all traits. Genotype ‘Saleem Khan-2’ had the maximum days to t...

Ali Bain*, Musriah, La Ode Nafiu, La Ode Muh. Munadi, La Ode Muhsafaat, Nur Santy Asminaya, Astriana Napirah, Widhi Kurniawan, Fuji Astuty Auza, Deki Zulkarnain 

...stibility (OMD), crude fiber digestibility (CFD) and crude protein digestibility (CPD)). The results showed that fermented corn cob-based rations supplemented with CaS-soybean oil at different levels significantly (P<0.01) affected fermentation characteristics and ration nutrient digestibility. The different levels of CaS-soybean oil (1.5%-4.5%) produced optimal fermentation characteristics (pH, NH3-N and total VFA) to support the growth and activity of mic...

Adel Sobhy1, Ahmed El-khamary1, Ahmed M. Rashwan2,3, Ashraf Shamaa4, Mostafa Kassem5, Mohamed M. A. Abumandour6*, Ahmed El-Mansi7, 8 and Ahmed G. Nomir2

...5 cm above the greater tuberosity) and p2 (division site of all plexus nerves) of six cadavers. Finally, the live experimental study involved brachial plexus injections at both sides of p1 and p2 (standing position). Our results from the cadaveric US showed that the brachial plexus root was sufficiently stained at site p1 as opposed to site p2. In the live experimental study, the brachial plexus appeared as a hyperechoic cluster at the p1 site, while the large...

Pankaj Gargotra1*, C. Judith Betsy1 and J. Stephen Sampath Kumar2

 

...lichthys thermalis, a member of the superfamily Cobitidae and the order Cypriniformes, is a significant alternative species for Indian aquaculture. Aquaculture breeding strategies for loaches must be carefully investigated in order to meet their rising demand. Owe to the aquaculture potential of L. thermalis, the current study was conducted to establish the importance of various minerals (Mn, Se, and Zn) in improving its growth, maturity, and spawning. Accordi...
Anum Razzaq*, Tariq Mahmood, Ammara Saman, Ammara Baig, Nadeem Munawar and Muhammad Farooq
...bs, grasses, seeds and tubers) invariably amongst crop stages and seasons. During spring season, wheat was the most frequently consumed cereal. But during winter, as groundnut crop approached towards maturity/harvested, gerbils consumed mainly nuts and grains, while in autumn and summer (non-crop periods), the rat species switched its diet to wild flora, and consumed most frequently Ziziphus nummularia (Beri) followed by Cynodon dactylon (Khabbal grass), Desmo...

Abdul Zahir1*, Asad Ullah1, Yonis Gulzar2*, Mohammad Shuaib Mir2, Abdus Salaam3 and Arjumand Bano Soomro2

... practices in central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan, and its impacts on farmer satisfaction. A multistage stratified random sampling technique was used for interview schedule, and data collected from 466 farmers of districts i.e. (Malakand, Charsadda and Mardan). Chi-square and Kendall’s Tc tests were applied to analyze the relationship between the formal influences and farmer’s satisfaction with irrigation water distribution. Results showed si...

Arshad Iqbal1, Shahid Javed Butt1, Zia Ul Haq2*, Ismara Naseem3, Qaisar Ali Khan4 and Muhammad Sajid1

...gar, total sugar, and number of decay fruits from day 0 to day 16 were continuously increased while average fruit weight, firmness, total soluble solid, titratable acidity (TA) ascorbic acid from day 0 to day 16 were decreased in all the experimental units. It was concluded from the study that the treatment T3 containing cardboard boxes showed the best results in increasing the self-life of tomatoes.

...

Faisal Noor1, Shahid Iqbal1, Muhammad Irfan Shan2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3*, Abbas Sheer4, Muhammad Shahroz Khan3

...r their effect on the number of fruits, fruit weight, fruit diameter and average fruit yield. The results revealed that the presence of beehives improved pollination of round gourd and showed 1.32 to 1.95 fold increase in number of fruits per plant, 1.33 to 2.10 fold increase in average fruit yield per plant, 0.92 to 1.32 fold increase in fruit weight and 23.9% increase in fruit size. Moreover, treatment plots with bee hotel...

Naglaa A. El-Taib1*, Asmaa T. Talayea2, Hanan R. Ghanayem3

... 50 ppm chlorine, the numbers of culturable E. coli significance P<0.05 dropped (100%) from 6.93±0.04 log10 CFU/mL to less than 1 CFU/mL (0.0%). However, after 48 hours of resuscitation using sodium pyruvate as nourished media, the VBNC cells in case of used 200, 100 and 50 ppm chlorine were recorded 3.13±0.04, 4.08±0.04, and 4.49±0.02 CFU/mL, respectively. In contrast, application of 0.1, 0.3-, and 3-mM concentrations of hydroge...

Muhammad Iqbal1*, Saba Iqbal1, Arbab Jahangeer1, Muhammad Arshad1, Naveed Akhtar2, Ansar Hussain3, Mussarrat Hussain4, Muhammad Shahid5 and Qaisar Abbas4

...ficantly improved the number of branches, bolls and yield, whereas 75 DAS had the lowest values. Higher seed cotton yield was observed with 30 cm spacing and de-topping at 90 DAS. Hence for optimal cotton yield and growth, the recommended treatment is sowing at 30 cm plant spacing with de-topping at 90 DAS that provides the best balance of plant population, height, number of sympodial branches, boll num...

Muhammad Salim1,2*, Muhammad Zakria2, Ahmad Ur Rahman Saljoqi2, Shahid Sattar2, Ayhan Gökçe1, Amjad Usman3 and Hayat Badshah4

...awar, Pakistan from December 2019 to June 2020. The experiment was consisted of five aqueous extracts of different parts of P. hysterophorus (whole plant, stem, leaves and flower extracts) and control (only water) which were applied randomly within each block. Wheat variety “Faisalabad 2008” was sown in the first week of December and general agronomic practices were applied as per the recommendations for wheat so...

Soumia Ed-Day1*, Meryam Laanaya1, Chaimae El Kourchi3, Radia Elgui1, Fatima Ezzahra Kacimi2, Latifa Didou1, Samira Boulbaroud2, Hicham Harhar3, Fatima-Zahra Azzaoui1

...nacardiaceae family. The berries or fruits of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi are highly regarded for their aromatic flavor and have drawn interest due to their possible therapeutic applications in illness prevention and treatment. This study aims to determine the acute oral toxicity of the ethanolic extract obtained from Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi fruits and assess the impact of the berries extract on behavioral patterns...

Manar Mousa Alhussein*, Eman Faisal Albghdady

...n male Wistar rats pre-puberty (aged 50 days). Ten male rats, aged 35 days, were divided equally into control (G1) and treatment (G2) groups. Rats in control were subcutaneously administered 0.25 ml of olive oil; treated rats received subcutaneous injections of 50 µg/rat of estradiol benzoate dissolved in 0.25 ml of olive oil for 15 successive days. After 24hrs from the last treatment session, rats in both groups were weighed, put under general anesthesi...

Dheyaa Ali Aljuhaishi*, Firas Hussain Kadim Albawi 

...erformance, decreased number of E. coli in the gut and showed significant (P < 0.05) increased in antibodies titer against IBV. 

...

Tarek M. Mousa-Balabel1*, Ebrahim M. Farg2 and Abobakr A. Elkot1

...experimental pen with rubber mat. While, the calves in the third group were housed in an experimental pen with long rice straw bedding. The results revealed that there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in feed intake and body weight gain on the concrete and long rice straw beddings (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio was significantly improved in rubber mat. The ingestive behavior (feeding and drinking time) was impr...

Thaer W. Enad*, Khalefa A. Mansour

...enBank with accession numbers (PP898191-PP898192). At the same time, the seropositive rate was 80.39% on the ELISA test, which was used on serum samples for antibody detection. Genetic analysis revealed a close genetic relationship between the Iraqi SAT2 isolates and the Egyptian strains, suggesting a possible transmission route. This study outlines an increased risk of disease from SAT2 form and significant biosecurity challenges to Iraqi livestock, indicatin...

Mohamed T. A. Soliman1, Hadeer M. Shosha2, Hala M. Ebaid2, Heba Nageh Gad El-Hak2, Heba M.A. Abdelrazek3*

...e been only a limited number of research investigating the impact of prenatal exposure to COC on the animal’s immune system. Therefore, three groups of pregnant rats, each consisting of 10 rats, were assigned. The 1st group was the control group, while the other two groups were administered doses 36.75 mg and 73.5 mg of COC from the 6th day of gestation until the 20th day of gestation. The immune system of the male progeny was assessed detecting the leve...

Eman Wahsh1, Tarek M Ibrahim2, Mirna E. ElAwady3*

...ficantly decrease the number of licks and shocks, which reflected an anxiogenic effect. In contrast, treatment with diazepam produced an anxiolytic effect as evident by a significant increase in the number of licks and shocks. The anxiolytic effects of nifedipine and propranolol were evident at the high dose level as measured by increase in licks and shocks.
 
Keywords: Anxiety, Nifedipine, Propr...

Muhammad Umair Khan1*, Abdur Rehman1, Mansoor Ali Khan1, Abdur Rahman Khan1, Sajid Ali1 and Zeeshan Ahmad2

...ural waste. The use of fibers of non-wood plants in paper production is also linked to a number of issues, such as collection, transportation, challenges of chemical recovery, alteration of morphological properties and slow water retention. The main consumers of non-wood fibers, small mills, usually have poor pollution control systems. Non-wood materials are now a more viable option as raw...

Wan Nurfarzana Wan Mohamad Zani1, Norrizah Jaafar Sidik1*, Asmah Awal2, Nurul Izzati Osman3, Lyena Watty Zuraine Ahmad1 and Mohd Khairi Nordin4

...of shoots, varying in numbers (3, 4, and 5 shoots per propagule), were cultured in the same media for shoot multiplication. Propagules with three shoots exhibited the highest multiplication rate, showing a 4.9-fold increased and an average of 14.8 ± 3.5 shoots after a 5-week culture period. Following this, three shoots/clumps were transferred to liquid and solid MS media with varied concentrations of BAP (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg L-1) to assess their g...

Halla H. Ahmed, Aurass Muhi Taha Al-Waeli and Fadia W. Al-Azawi*

...ruary, January, and December), respectively. The results showed a very poor wheat yield within the seasonal growth progress; this is suitable with the groundwater nutrient growth by rains? While most of the east part from ROI classified as fair following by good, the last is the dominant in the march 2024. Also, there is three types of salinity stable ECw these are (Good, Fair, and Poor furthermore the Verypoor) class also appear only in the Decem

Ahmed Shamkhi Jabbar1* and Saadoon Murad2

... pests. Leaving large numbers of P. solenopsis on host plants can cause significant economic losses and damage. The effectiveness of commercially available chemical insecticides and biopesticides against cotton mealybugs was evaluated under lab and field conditions by using the secreted toxins of symbiotic bacteria Xenorahbdus nematophlia, Blaiser® as a biopesticide, and chemical pesticide Sivanto®. Our results indicate that the efficacy of secreted to...

Van Dai Nguyen1, ¥, Van Ba Nguyen2, ¥, Thi Thanh Nhan Giang2, Cong Dinh Nguyen2, Thi Lan Nguyen1, Dinh Ngoan Vu1, Duc Chuyen Nguyen1, Van Can Ta1, Khac Khanh Nguyen2, Thi Lien Cao2, Doan Lan Pham2, Khanh Van Nguyen2, Ngoc Tan Nguyen3*

...ulations. The average number of alleles of each microsatellite marker in the two native buffalo populations varied from 6.11 (in LB-LD and LB-LC sub-populations) to 7.67 (in the TC population), with mean values of expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and polymorphic informative content (PIC) 0.743, 0.271, and 0.738, respectively. The two local swamp buffalo populations were separated into two main branches. One branch came from the TC lo...

Walid Elmonir1*, Ahmed Abdel-Fattah Tayel2, Suzan Abdelbaky Kotb1 and Wael Fawzy El-Tras2

...shes, lettuces, and strawberries) and 315 fish samples (200 Mullet and 115 Tilapia) were collected. The T. gondii were identified in these samples by microscopy and molecular analysis. In total, 9% (18/200) of agricultural produce samples had Toxoplasma oocysts. T. gondii was detected in 14% of carrots, 12% of radishes, 4% of lettuces, and 6% of strawberries. There was no significant difference in prevalence of T. gondii bet...

Bounthan Sounyvong1, Yohan Lee2 and Eun-Jae Lee3*

...nd ground vegetation, number of tree stems, woody seedlings, snags, and volume of coarse woody debris all had significant differences among study sites. We captured 456 individual small rodents during the dry and rainy seasons. The mean number of small rodents captured in primary forests was significantly higher than that in two secondary forests. In addition, there were more rodents in burned rice field stands than in burne...

Jumiati Asis1, Nur Aainaa Hasbullah1, Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh1, Noor Khairani Mohamad Basri1, Palanivell Perumal2, Peter Mojiun2 and Mohd. Rashid Mohd. Rakib1* 

...l palm seedlings with rubber wood block inoculum. Single and mixture conidial suspensions 1×106 of T4RH and T8R were applied to the Ganoderma-inoculated plants. It was found that T4RH, T8R, and mixed Trichoderma treatments have significantly lower disease incidence, disease severity index, area under disease progress curve, and percentage of necrotic primary roots as compared to the positive control. The disease reduction was up ...

Ali Mobder Niyf*, Jafar Ghazi Abbas Al-Jebori 

...et cells increased in number and density and rectal glands. Tunica muscularis increased in thickness and the mesenchymal layer transformed to connective tissue layer due to differentiation of the most mesenchyme cells to smooth muscle fiber (muscularis interna and muscularis externa). Taken together, the present study showed that the large intestine in local awassi sheep fetuses in the first trimester of gestation was locate...

Qasim Jawad Amer, Wissam Ahmed Sabah Al-Janabi* 

... label containing the number, age, and sex, and tProcessed for analysis by microscopic examination and confirmed by PCR. The data analysis showed that among 75 camels, 17% were females, 73% were adults, 67% from north Babylon.Analysis of microscopic and molecular examination identified positive samples in 9% and 57%, respectively. Comparative analysis between microscopic examination and PCR methods showed had high rate of infection (43/75, 57.33%), while the m...

Masoumeh Younesabadi1*, Parviz Sharifi Ziveh2 and Sepideh Hatami3

...0 g ha-1. The highest number of pods/ plant and seeds/pod were obtained by 60 g ha-1 of thifensulfuron-methyl. Visual observation showed no herbicide-burning effects on soybean crop by thifensulfuron-methyl in Ardabil, but 5-10 % phytotoxicity was caused by 60 g ha-1 of thifensulfuron-methyl in Golestan and and West Azarbaijan province, which recovered back after about 2 weeks. Based on the results of this experiment, application of 45-60 g ha-1 of thifensulfu...

Duaa Jasim Mohammad 

...ma, as well as a high number of inflammatory cells present around the affected hepatocytes. In contrast, liver of the untreated control group depicted normal histological features. Findings of this study articulate that halothane anesthesia can induce pathology in the liver of male white mice and offer consideration of mice as animal model to investigate useability, practicalities and implication of such anesthetic agents in animal health practices. 

...

Talha Shafique1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Yasir Iftikhar2, Qaiser Shakeel3*, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2, Haseeb Ahmed Lalika4, Malik Abd-ur-Rehman5, Atta ur Rehman2, Muhammad Irfan Zafar6 and Farwa Seemab2

...mined by counting the number of pits per square inch. The results revealed significant variation in CTV incidence and severity across the three citrus varieties. Musambi exhibited the highest incidence rate at 4.5, followed by Feutrel’s Early at 2.89 and Kinnow at 1.71. Musambi also had the highest severity score at 53.5 pits per square inch, followed by Feutrel’s Early at 27.5 and Kinnow at 11.5. Geographical analysis of CTV incidence indicated th...

Bakht Zada1, Ahmed Zia2, Sardar Azhar Mehmood1, Abdur Rehman3*, Toheed Iqbal4*, Kiran Shahjeer5 and Shabir Ahmed1

...rict Battagram in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, remain largely unexplored due to geopolitical challenges, social barriers, and uncertain ground conditions. Despite being covered with dense coniferous forests, District Battagram has never been surveyed for aphids, a prevalent pest in pine plantations globally. This study aimed to investigate the aphid complex affecting pine trees in the district, revealing two speciesCinara atrotibialis and Cinara atlanticat...

Sanjita Gurau1,2 and Ram L Ray1*

...ny House. The highest number of male flowers plant-1 (29.56) and female flowers plant-1 (13.81) were recorded in Shlesha 1214, while the lowest number of male and female flowers were recorded in grey zucchini, i.e., 24.43 and 11.68, respectively. Similarly, a higher number of days to 50% female flowering (29.56), higher number of pickings plant-1 (5.50),...

Hammad Ali, Basheer Ahmad, Asim Karim*, Saifullah and Salman Ahmad 

...sured by counting the number of distinct species within a specific area or sample. Species richness serves as a physiologically meaningful indicator for alpha (α) diversity. The purpose of this research was to examine the biodiversity of the chir pine forests in the Abbottabad city region. Because this kind of forest is a distinct and significant ecological habitat, the researchers aimed to learn more about the different animals that call it home. The re...

Rand Kamil Abbas, Zahra Sadoon Hadi*, Ahmad Hassan Sahib 

...infiltration of large number of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the tracheal mucosa. Sinusoidal congestion and Kupffer cell hyperplasia were seen in the liver. Taken together, our finding articulates that garlic (200 mg/kg) offers natural, cheaper and potent antitrichomonal therapy. 

...

Eman Abdelrazik1, Sahar H. Abdel-Baset2*, Abdelghafar M. Abu-Elsaoud3,4 and Shimaa M.A. Mohamed5

...ificantly reduced the number of galls, root egg masses/root and nematode population (J2s) in the soil, while fosthiazate resulted in the greatest reduction. All the treatments markedly increased the enzymatic antioxidant enzyme activity in peanuts relative to the control, i.e., peroxidase, catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chitinase, β-1,3 glucanase, and total phenolic activities. The integration of several techniques, including fulvic acid, compost,...

Abid Hussain1*, Bilal Khan Yousafzai1 and Muhammad Ishaq2

...ES 2018-19, people in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have the most diversified food pattern followed by Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan. Over time i.e., from 2013-14 to 2018-19, household dietary diversity has improved in all the provinces, except Sindh where a little downfall is occurred in it. Household dietary diversity in Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh provinces improved the most in Quetta, Dera Ismail Khan, Dera G...

Rehan Ullah1, Fazli Rahim1, Muhammad Sajid1, Shakir Ullah2*, Shahab Ali2, Lubna Shakir3, Mohammad Sohail4 and Ghani Subhan5

..., District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study was conducted in 30 isolated villages of the research area through questionnaires to collect information from 500 native people of different ages (35 to 75 years old) who were interviewed and included men and women, who were involved in the compilation and utilization of plants. The study region was carefully visited in all four seasons of the year and 183 plant species belonging to 73 families were collected...

Mohsin Raza1, Zeshan Hussain2, Fazil Abbas2, Muhammad Atiq Ashraf3, Hadj Henni Imene4 and Talha Riaz5

...fy;">Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) rank fifth in global human consumption and fourth among food crops, surpassing cereals in yield and calorie production. However, potato production faces growing threats from various abiotic factors, pests, and pathogens, including bacteria, nematodes, viruses, viroids, fungi, and phytoplasmas. In Pakistan, significant viral infections, particularly PVY, PMTV, PLRV, PVM, PVS, PVA, and PVX, are of serious concern, with alarmi...

Saiqa Jehan1*, Tahir Sarwar1, Naveedullah1, Shahzad Khan Khattak2 and M. Jamal Khan3 

... and winter rainfall. Number of flood events has risen as summer rainfall intensity has increased and its duration has decreased. Similarly, risk of floods has increased because of the change in climate. The foremost reason of this increase in risk of floods has been attributed to increase in rainfall intensity and snow and glacier melt. However, dry periods has increased by 2-3 weeks according to majority of the respondents. All the respondents mentioned that...

Saima Bibi* and Nazir Ahmad

...n sacco digestibility of berseem fodder in three non-lactating ruminally cannulated Holstein cows at the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. The cows were fed a diet of 90% fodder and 10% concentrate on a dry matter basis. Five Plant-derived phenolic compounds and commercial tannic acid at concentration of 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% were used. The phenolic extracts were prepared by treating plants in hot water, allowing biological activity at room temperatu...

Hussain Shah1, Ali Hazrat2*, Ateef Ullah1, Hafsa Razzaq3, Shabir Ahmad1, Muhammad Yahya2, Muhammad Abdullah1, Sahar Nasim2, Waqar Ahmad2, Muhammad Junaid1 and Gul Rahim2

...teristics such as the number of leaves, leaf size, leaf color, venation, leaf arrangement on stem, leaf Margins, fresh leaf weight, plant height, number of branches, nods, types of flowers, inflorescence, flower color, pods number, length of pod, seed number per pod, weight of each pod, weight 10 pods, 100 seeds weight and total yield per plant has been ...

Ammara Khan1, Khalid Mehmood1,2*, Ali Raza1, Ishtiaq Hassan3 and Ayesha Sultana4,5

...er germination count, number of productive tillers and grains per spike were observed using residues incorporation and zero tillage practices as compared to other practices. Pertaining to soil health effects, the residues incorporation and zero tillage significantly contributed to soil phosphorus (by 0.02-0.03 ppm), potassium (by 5 ppm) and organic matter (by 0.02%). Contrarily, the residues burning practice reduced the soil potassium (by 1 ppm) and organic ma...

Athar Mustafa Laghari1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Muhammad Hanif Chandio1, Faheem Saddar3, Muhammad Yunus Laghari4, Munawar Lal1, Urooj Imtiaz4, Majida Parveen Narejo5, Hameeda Lashari4, Ghulam Abbas5 and Shahnaz Rashid5

... enumerated during September-June 2017-2019 accordingly. Total collection of fish in the studies was 1066 number and consists of 28 kinds related 11 families. Simpson’s biodiversity index (1-D=0.927) shows that the surroundings of Haleji lake observed as low in terms of fish diversity, propagation and growth. Shannon- Weiner index (H) was used to compute richness and abundance from four locations. Highest richness and ...

Elena Balarezo*, Jose Luis Flores and Miguel Angel Toro-Jarrin

...omoters and community members. We checked the bacteriological quality of milk and industry price on a monthly basis before and after implementation. After the introduction of the Milk Quality Program, the quality of milk from small-scale producers improved, allowing producers to receive $0.08 more for each liter of milk produced. This increase means approximately $17,000 more annually for community producers. These results show that training on hygienic milk p...

Hasan SA Jawad1*, Nihad Abdul-Lateef Ali2, Galib A. Al-Kassie3, Abdul-Razzak L. Al-Rubaie3, Lokman IH4 

...iversity during 18 September 2020 until 23 October 2020. It was used 240 of broiler chicks Ross 308, chicks were randomly distributed to four experimental treatments, where added the aqueous extract of Oregano leaves at levels (0, 3, 5, 7 ml/L). All of the histological traits were studied such as the villus height, the crypts depth, the percentage of the villus height to the crypts depth and immunological traits are both the...

Madeeha1, Mehreen Riaz2* and Abdul Wahab3

...le of district Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Blood samples were taken from 104 people, and information was gathered via questionnaire. CLIA kit, Auto Bio Diagnostics LTD, China was used to detect TSH, T3, and T4 quantitatively by using Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA). Out of 104 individuals, 64 were females and 40 were males. A total of 24 people (23.04%) were affected by thyroid dysfunction, with 7 (17.5%) men and 17 (26.5%) women suffering from c...

Faheem Ali* and Amjad Farooq

...during the month of November, with 348.67 Aedes larvae from indoor while 71.67 from outdoor. The emergence of Aedes larvae was found after rainy season while decline trend was observed at non-rainy, extreme temperatures and relative humidity conditions. This study could be used in further studies in order to evaluate Aedes mosquito emergence in relation with different environmental variables, and to establish integrated vector control strategies in the future....

Bushra Shaikh1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Faheem Saddar3, Muhammad Hanif Chandio4, Majida Parveen Narejo5, Urooj Imtiaz2, Athar Mustafa Laghari4, Ghulam Abbas5 and Shahnaz Rashid5

...roups during April-September 2022. The range of samples was between (10.0 to 70.0 cm) and from (28-3500 g) in total length and weight respectively. For food determination the experimental fish was divided into three length groups viz., small (10.0-15.0 cm) medium (15.1-30.0 cm) and large (40.0-70.0cm) for the determination of feed preference. The results of the investigations revealed that the food fondness of B. bagarius was detected as highly carnivorous (Pi...

Jiaojiao Wang, Peng Pan, Tingting Wu and Jianhua Hou*

...lusmn; 0.228 min; the number of barn swallows following the moving vehicle peaked after the vehicle had been moving for 11.750 ± 0.668 min; and the barn swallows stopped following the vehicle and quickly flew away from the lawn area 0.055 ± 0.003 minutes after the vehicle stopped moving. The number of swallows was significantly higher in lawns with moving vehicles than in lawns without moving vehicles, and ther...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

December

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 6, pp. 2501-3000

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