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Yanina Panzera1*, Nicolas Sarute1, Lucia Carrau1, Jaime Aldaz2, Ruben Perez1

...stemper”, the most significant infectious disease among carnivores worldwide. Herein, we present the state of the art of CDV dynamics in South America, by means of a detailed analysis of the genetic diversity, evolution, and epidemiology of the virus in several countries. Our study allowed us to establish the presence of four genetic lineages in South America, being the continent with more lineages described to date, underscoring the high genetic diversi...

Gregg D. Caruso

...d the overall account is significantly embellished—for example, Pereboom proposes a new account of rational deliberation consistent with the belief that one’s actions are causally determined (ch.5) and develops a forward-looking theory of moral responsibility consistent with free will skepticism (ch.6). A significant contribution to the field, Free Will, Agency, and Meaning in Life is destined to become a classic...

John Martin Fischer

...ating (thus far) in this significant book, he has convinced me that the view is subtle, very plausible, and even deeply attractive. Whereas there are other forms of moral responsibility skepticism on the market, Pereboom’s is (in my view) the most fully developed and most appealing. Although I am not myself a moral responsibility skeptic, and, in particular, I do not believe that causal determinism is incompatible with the kind of freedom that grounds ...

Muhammad Arif1, Fazal Jalal1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Dost Muhammad2

...uent maize crop. Biochar significantly enhanced plant height and grain yield. The plots previously sown with legumes produced taller plants and high number of grains ear-1. Nitrogen application increased plant height, number of grains ear-1, thousand grains weight, grain and biological yield. It is concluded that integration of biochar and legumes could be a useful strategy for enhancing the overall farm profitability and productivity of cereal-based systems b...

Zaheer Ahmed Deho1, Shamsuddin Tunio2, Qammaruddin Chachar2, Fateh Chand Oad2

...sown crop) sowing showed significantly highest values for boll weight (3.18g), seed cotton yield plant-1 (65.2g), seed cotton yield (2711 kg ha-1), seed index (7.7g), staple length (27.60mm), and seed oil content (20.58%). Taking boll opening (%) into consideration, it was observed that at 50% boll opening most of the traits exhibited values likewise in higher boll weight (3.17g), seed index (7.7g), staple length (27.60mm), seed oil content (20.83%) and seed g...

Salma Shaheen, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani

...th Press mud @ 20 t ha-1 significantly enhanced spinach growth by exhibiting higher average spinach plant height (35 cm), number of leaves (16.4), fresh foliage yields (330 g pot-1), dry foliage yields (32 g pot-1), leaf length (40.5 cm) and leaf area (238.4 mm2) relative to poultry manure, compost or FYM treatments. Similar trend was observed during 2010-11. Over all, press mud with EM was more effective in improving soil quality and enhancing spinach growth ...

Muhammad Irshad1, Abdur Rab1, Javed Rahman2, Muhammad Sajid1, Ilyas Khan2, Sajad Ali1, Muhammad Razaq1, Sallahuddin1

...-1 and plant height were significantly affected by planting dates and soil media. Maximum survival percentage (29.16%), number of root plant-1 (13.31), and plant height (40.42 cm) was recorded for the cuttings planted on 20th Feb. On the other hand minimum days to 50% sprout- ing (28.49) were recorded for cuttings planted on 2nd March. Significant effect of planting media was observed for most of vegetative stages including ...

Shahid Ali, Munir Khan

...were found statistically significant. Farmers’ education was found to be major determinant of technical efficiency/inefficiency. The esti- mated coefficient of farmers’ education was negative and statistically significant, implies that techni- cal inefficiency decreases with the increase in farmers’ education. The use of more labour and tractor plough hours would increase wheat production in the country.The...

Farhad Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ashfaq

...atic variables was found significantly higher than that of non-climatic variables. The largest impact on wheat yield was of mean maximum average temperature at the time of maturity, ceteris paribus with one oC increase in temperature the average wheat yield increased by 56.64 kg per hectare in the study area. It was deduced from the economic variable that the level of input used was less than optimum. The negative coefficient of the location variabl...

Mohammed Ali Hussain, Zakiya Ahmed Hassan

...f variance showed highly significant differences among maize hybrids for all the traits. The hybrid un44052 x DK took minimum days to tasseling (65.83 days) and silking (68.50 days). Hybrid zp-707 x un 44052 was short statured (155.59 cm) with desirable ear height of 62.93 cm. However, maximum leaf area produced by hybrid DK x Hs in both locations with averages 768.56, 670.26 and 719.42 cm2, respectively, while hybrid sangaria recorded maximum value for 300 gr...

Masood ur Rahman1*, Zahid Mahmood2, Taj Ali2, Muhammad Aziz Irfan Mufti3, Jehangir Khan Seyal4, Munir Ahmad5

E-mail | [email protected]

 

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 31, Iss. 1
...ars under test exhibited significant difference in surface wear among each other. As compared to gear bronze commercial gun metal and gun metal showed surface wear of 245% and 109% respectively. The highest surface wear was observed in commercial gun metal whereas lowest surface wear was observed in gear bronze. It was concluded that gear bronze may be the best material composition for use in the worm gear of the rotary hoe transmission box as compared to the ...

Hu Zenglei1 and Xiufan Liu1, 2*

 

...le East, replicates at a significantly higher level, induces more potent innate antiviral and inflammatory response, and causes more severe damages in lymphoid tissues when compared with virulent viruses of other genotypes. Therefore, severe pathology in immune organs, caused by genotype VIId of NDV, is associated with high levels of virus replication and an intense innate immune response.

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Malik Ikram Ullah1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1*, Muhammad Sadiq1, Inayatullah Awan1, Muhammad Munir2, Ghazanfarullah1

... and ash percentage were significantly increased with increase nitrogen levels (200, 240, and 280 kg N ha-1). However, highest benefit-cost ratio was estimated when 240 kg N ha-1 was applied which was found best compromise between forage yield and quality for maize cultivar Kissan under the agro-climatic conditions of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. The study also indicates that crude protein and mineral content in fodder maize can be improved through N applicatio...

Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool1, Anser Ali1, 2 *, Tanveer ul Haq1, Muhammad Nasir Majeed1, Dong Jin Lee2

 

...showed that water stress significantly reduced plant height, number of total tillers per plant, number of fertile tillers per plant, number of nodes per plant, spikelet per spike, number of grains per spike, 100-grain weight and dry matter per plant as compared with control. Wheat genotype Faisal-2008 exhibited comparatively more drought tolerance with less decrease in growth rate (18.70%); total dry matter (26.94%), 100-grain weight (23.45%) and grain yield (...

Ahmed Sultan Jatoi1*, Shahid Mehmood2, Jibran Hussain2, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2, Yassar Abbas3, Muhammad Akram2

 

..., K, S, and Z showed non-significant differences at week 0 and 1, whereas, a significant effect was found at week 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The average weight gain (g) was found non-significant at week 1 and week 6, however, the statistical analysis revealed significant effect from week 2 to 5, respectively. Times of gain were found sig...

Nisar Ahmad1*, Inayatullah Jan2, Saif Ullah1 and Sidra Pervez1

 

...uo;s economy as it has a significant contribution to GDP, employment generation, and export earnings in the economy of Pakistan. Due to modernization in agriculture sector over the last few decades, credit needs of the farmers have increased rapidly. Credit is considered an important factor for raising the productivity and income of the farmers. The current study attempts to analyse the impact of credit on wheat productivity in district Jhang. Furthermore, stu...

Muhammad Rizwan Tariq1*, Muhammad Issa Khan1, Aysha Sameen1, Mahr un Nisa2

 

...d in the diet of rabbits significantly enhanced growth performance of rabbits and improved poly unsaturated fatty acids in the meat of rabbits as compared to other groups.

 

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Huaichang Sun

... infections. Recently, a significant advance in RNAi technology is the use of artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) to fight virus infections. However, different strategies are needed to prevent virus variation or mutation escape. This review is intended to present the current situation of antiviral roles of amiRNAs, against variable RNA viruses in particular.

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Hayat Badshah1*, Farman Ullah1, Abid Farid2, Ahmad-U-Rahman Saljoqi1, Sajjad Ahmad3

...enopsis successfully and significantly (P<0.05) completed its life cycle along with highest body weight gain on China rose followed by potato. Moreover, P. solenopsis had the best survival (34.2 ± 3.8 days) and reproduction (7.8 ± 0.4 nymphs/adult female) when separated and kept without food from their respective host plants. China rose therefore seems to have the potential as suitable host for the rearing of P. solenopsis under laboratory con...

Hina Fatima1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2

... variety is negative and significant also. The parameter of seed rate variable is also negative and statistically significant. A technical inefficiency of 22% is present in the production of wheat crop in the selected district. Majority of the farmers typically utilize the last year’s crop seeds to economize the cost but this comes at another cost of loss of potential yield, which could be obtained through the use of m...

Imdad Sohu1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi2*, Ghulam Raza Bhutto2, Muhammad Salim Sarki2, Rabail Gandahi3

...th and yield of chickpea significantly increased with the collective application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures. It is concluded that the application of half of recommended dose of NKP (18-36-10 kg ha-1) in combination with poultry manure or farmyard manure at the rate of 20 t ha-1 was found best combination for higher chickpea crop yields in compare to other levels of fertilizers.

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Shahid Iqbal Awan1*, Syed Dilnawaz Ahmad2, Muhammad Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Aurangzeb Rao1

... that grain weight had a significant positive relationship with residual transpiration, osmotic adjustment, cell membrane stability, flag leaf weight, specific flag leaf weight, while negatively correlated with specific flag leaf area. These results indicated the importance of physiological traits and their positive influence on grain weight. Multivariate techniques, including factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis, indicated that the magnitude of variabili...

Thomas J. Coleman III1*, Ralph W. Hood Jr.1 and John R. Shook2

...articular, has increased significantly. Moreover, these phenomena have been researched, studied and documented by multiple disciplines ranging from cognitive science to religious studies, and from anthropology to sociology. The study of atheism and secularity is of high interest to not only scholars, but also the public in general. In this special issue of Science, Religion & Culture, Guest Edited by John R. Shook, Ralph W. Hood Jr., and Thomas J. Coleman ...

Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Muhammad Arshad Khan

...nd Cu contents decreased significantly (p<0.01). The highest N, P and K were found in mulberry variety PFI-1, M. latifolia and Karyansuban, respectively. The highest Cu and Mn were found in Kanmasi. The highest Zn and Fe were found in Husang and Karyansuban, respectively. A significant variation in uptake and retention of macro- and micro nutrients was found in the mulberry varieties after fertilizer application. The high...

Rabnawaz1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Tahir Sarwar2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3

...to crop was found highly significant while in case of wheat it was non-significant. This study concludes that the public system remained more productive with high CWP at farm level for all the major crops. However, there is a great potential for increasing CWP under civil system by rationalizing the water allowance.

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Ali Muhammad*, Muhammad Ayub

...ive fruits degrades significantly during four weeks of treatment process. Results showed that during brine treatment, fermentation take place which significantly convert the oleourepean into simple sugar and decreased during treatment process. Lye solution penetrates inside the msesocarp and than endocarp during four weeks of treatment process. The lye treated olive fruits were treated afterwards into bri...

Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro*, Habib-Ur-Rehman Memon, Muhammad Ali Ansari, Ahmed Naqi Shah

...sp;water extracts caused significant reduction of weeds and increased seedcotton yield as compared to weedy check. The combined application of sorghum @ 15 L ha-1+ Dual Gold @ 1.25 L ha-1 resulted in weeds mortality upto 66.6%, produced seedcotton yield of 3961.4 kg ha-1 and gave net benefit of Rs. 2,20,029. Sunflower applied @ 15 L ha-1 in integration with Dual Gold @ 1.25 L ha-1 showed weeds mortality of 65.5 %, resulted in seedcotton yie...

Gultaj Hussain1, Abdur Rahman1*, Tariq Hussain2, Siraj Uddin1, Tariq Ali3

E-mail | [email protected]

... During 12 days storage, significant reductions (i.e. P <0.05) were found in both E. coli O157: H7 and S. typhymurium growth when exposed to these treatments. Results revealed that levels of citric and lactic acid concentrations effect were maximum for 5.0%, followed by 3.0% and least for 1.0% on E. coli and Salmonella load on beef surfaces. In addition, citric acid was more effective than lactic acid at all concentrations (1.0, 3.0 and 5.0%) in reducing E....

Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde1*, Kayode Ayinde2, Tofunmi Emmanuel Ilori1, Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde1

E-mail | [email protected]

...PSAP) were statistically significant while the agricultural input subsidy scheme was statistically insignificant in their impact on the prices of major staple crops. The study recommended painstaking formulation and implementation of agricultural policies and re-structuring of agricultural of input scheme.

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Oladipo Elijah Kolawole*, Oloke Julius Kola, Awoyelu Elukunbi Hilda, Olasunmibo Oluwatobi Gabriel, Ogunyale Tolulope Temitope

E-mail | koladipo2k3@ yahoo.co.uk

...valence shows there is a significant difference between age and CD4+ cell count. The result provides the evidence that Hepatitis E virus is present among HIV individuals in Ogbomoso and they are more susceptible to the virus.

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Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El-Naggar2, Abdulrahman M. Gamal3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mohamed M. Hamoud4, Sherif T. Moubarak3, Ashraf M. Metwally1, Manal M. Zaki3, Shimaa A.E. Nasr3, Samah Elsaid3, Mohamed M. Ali3, Hussein A. Hussein1 and Osama K. Zahran3

Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

...;the poultry farms would significantly reduce and/or limit the chance for its transmission and outbreaks. Many disinfectants have been evaluated for their inactivation ability, but there is still a need for their evaluation under different conditions and in different ways. In the present study, representative disinfectants from chlorine and non-chlorine oxidizing agents have been evaluated for their virucidal ability against two distinct Egyptia...

 Nagina Zeb, Muhammad Sajid, Abdul Mateen Khattak and Imtiaz Hussain

...ed that potassium levels significantly influenced all the parameters except the stem diameter. Minimum days to flowering (118.1), maximum plant height (45.83 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (54.1), fresh flower weight (44.29 g) and dry flower weight (5.12 g) was obtained with the application of 200 mg K2O pot-1. In case of maleic hydrazide, the plants grown under control treatment took minimum days (112.9) to flowering, maximum plant height (47.06 cm) and number...

Muhammad Imran1*, Muhammad Mobashar2, Muhammad Irfan3, Shazia Hanif4, Sumaira Hanif5 and Muhammad Abubakar6

...nic matter (OM) were non-significant (P>0.05) whereas digestibility of NDF was significantly increased (P<0.05) in treatment MLM4. When compared among treatments, the value of crude protein (CP) digestibility coefficient was high (P<0.05) in treatment MLM4 as compared to MLM1. Similar trend was also observed in case NDF among treatments. Daily milk yield and 4 % FCM has increased (P<0.05) in buffaloes fed treatme...

Mushtaq Ahmad1*, Habib Akbar1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Muhammad Jamal Khan Khattak2 and Abdul Bari3

...e carried out to explain significant differences. Seeding depth significantly affected all the studied parameters except sugar sucrose. Sugar beet planted at 2 cm depth showed highest germination process and gave better yield production. Mean maximum leaf area plant-1 (170.49 cm2), leaf area index (6.77), root length (35.50 cm) and root weight plant-1 (0.98 kg-1) were recorded in sugar beet planted at 2 cm depth. Nitrogen ba...

Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Mohammad Tariq Jan2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3 and Abdul Bari4

...anting sources exhibited significant differences for emergence percentage. The interaction of cane portions and setts placement methods were significant except for emergence percentage. Millable canes showed significant interaction for planting sources and setts placement methods. Maximum cane yield was recorded for top portion and triple setts. Millable canes excelled when top portion fro...

Ghulam Ali Bajwa1, Faizah Abood2, Yusof Bin Ibrahim3

...tested concentrations. A significant (p<0.05) 2nd degree correlation between temperature and B. bassiana infectivity was analysed. Beauveria bassiana infection was in range of 27-30ºC. Based on these findings, it is concluded that B. bassiana has promising potential as microbial control agent against A. sciodoxa and should be exploited under field conditions.

...

Mohammad Taghi Karimi

...ses on kyphotic curve is significantly than that of scoliosis. There appear that there are no major differences between full time and part time orthotic use in this deformity.

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Monireh Ahmadi Bani1*, Mostafa Kamali2, Iman Borji3, Soheyla Aslani3, Francis Fatoye4

...hat stability parameters significantly decreased in five minutes standing (p<0.001). Moreover, patients were unstable in standing during the fourth and fifth minute. Taken together, diagnosis based on five minute standing using the Romberg test appear to be sensitive and accurate than one minute.

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Seyed Mohsen Mirbod

...the knee joint decreased significantly. This new design of the orthosis improves the performance of the subjects during walking. It carried same performance as that of the knee cage, and additionally is more cosmesis, ease in use and is economical.

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Rongfei Lu1, 2, Zhiyang Liu1, Peng Fang1, Guangyi Chen1, Feng Sun1, Yongjian Fan1, Yijun Zhou1, Tong Zhou1*

...ted data can be enhanced significantly appropriate measures. As a standard for the relative expression of target genes, the selection of reference genes is crucial. This review describes the history of the RT-qPCR technology, emphasizes the importance of reference genes and enumerates several algorithms to screen reference genes to normalize the RT-qPCR data. Additionally, several possible improvements in the selection of reference genes are discussed.

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Muhammad Amjad Nadim1*, Mohammad Safdar Baloch1, Ejaz Ahmad Khan1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Kashif Waseem2

...ts. The results revealed significant variations in plant growth and yield attributes with recommended doses of NPK fertilizers. This treatment (NPK at recommended levels) resulted in higher leaf area index (0.33 and 0.27 [49 days after sowing-DAS] and 2.03 and 2.77 [98-DAS]), crop growth rate (40.42 and 40.96 g m-2 day-1), relative growth rate (88.94 and 84.14 mg g-1 day-1), net assimilation rate (3.58 and 3.89 mg m-2 day-1) and grain yield (4.40 and 5.29 t ha...

Khalid Ali1*, Amanullah Jan2

...ation of whole plant had significantly increased LAI (4.1), seed yield (2226 kg ha-1) and harvest index (22.1%) of canola crop over stubbles incorporation. Decrease in CGR and grain yield was observed with delaying green manuring (40 > 70 > 100 DAS). Increase in LAI, CGR, grain yield and harvest index was noticed with increasing N rate (0 < 75 < 100 kg ha-1). Increase in canola yield was observed during 2nd year of the experiment. A linear increase...

Abiodun D. Olabode

...ession model established significant relationships between rice yield and farm management methods adopted in this area. Results were presented using charts and tables. The study revealed that; chemical fertilizers, manual weeding and shifting cultivation are essential for rice cultivation in the study area; the regression model established strong influence of farm-size at R-value of 0.64 on the yield of rice in this area; while estimated yields of 101.6tons an...

Behzad Hussain1, 2, Abdullah Iqbal2, Muhammad Abubakar2*

...istan is increased quite significantly near Eid-ul-Adha. Haemorrhages are the major signs of this fatal disease. No treatment of CCHF is available currently but Ribavirin antiviral drug is used to cure this disease. There is currently no commercially available vaccine for this disease. It is recommended that the disease can be controlled by adopting preventive measures such as avoiding of tick bites and contact with blood of the suspected animal. 

Anna-Maria Andersson*, Ann-Kristin Nyman, Per Wallgren

...long term consistency, a significantly higher mean ADV antibody level was recorded in February compared to in October. Therefore, if the VP2 ELISA should be used as a tool for selection of breeding females in a control program for AD, the optimal sampling time at which the ADV antibody levels best can predict the breeding performance of the female needs to be further evaluated.

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Ilham Ulla, G. Arjumand, Nawab Ali and Mohammad Akmal*

... replications revealed a significant reduction in days to flowering and maturity by delay SD. However, positive responses were observed by increase in N-rate. Early planting showed maximum biomass and yield at 120 kg N ha-1 which was due to reflecting higher leaf area, plant height and stem diameter (cm). Traits e.g. the head diameter, grain head-1 and grains weight were indicators contributing towards grain yield by early sowing compare ...

Shahida Bibi* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan

... and mungbean crops were significantly affected by both the main-plot and sub-plot treatments. Similarly, number of seeds pod-1, thousand grains weight, grain and biological yield of mungbean were also found significant. In main plots, weed density m-2 (16.47) and fresh weed biomass (529.8) were lower in herbicide treated plots in mungbean crop. Number of seeds pod-1 (10.85), thousand grains ...

Nazish Huma Khan*, Mohammad Nafees and Adila Bashir

... from Cd, Cr and Ni were significant in crop seeds of orchard field (THQ>1). The substantial load of heavy metals in studied fields showed the anthropogenic source of pollution. Therefore regular monitoring of heavy metals in soil and crops is necessary.  

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Mukhtarullah1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal1*

...stan, it is planted on a significant cropped area (Ca. 38%) every year. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), wheat is also a popular crop in the cropping system, however, average yield differs by 100% from the national average yield due to rainfed planting (67%). Sowing of wheat in the area starts in October subject to onset of winter rains which delays its planting in the season. This study aims to compare yield performance of newly released varieties of wheat by dela...

Tahir Khan, Raziuddin, Fakharuddin* and Muazam Jamal Razi

Imtiaz Hussain, M. Sajid, Noor ul Amin, Abdul Mateen Khattak, Abrar Hussain Shah, S. Mussarat       Hussain, Sayed Hussain and Nagina Zeb

...most parameters were non significantly influenced by growing conditions and planting dates. The experimental findings revealed that cuttings planted under plastic tunnels growing conditions showed less number of days to buds sprouting (17 days) and more sprouting percentage (96%), number of sprout plant-1 (6.45), sprout length (27.41 cm), sprout thickness (0.12 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (16.33) and plant survival percentage (81.72%). ...

Ahmed Zein Mahmoud1, Muaz Abdellatif 2, 3*, Luai Shazali1

...ronment appeared to be a significant factor on the level of antibodies in the tested small ruminants population. Taken together, results indicate the seropositivity of PPRV in the region and warrant future large-scale surveillance studies to better assess the situation of the disease in the region.

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Klara Fischer1*, Erika Chenais1,2, Emeli Torsson1, Jonas Johansson Wensman1

...ease is expected to have significant negative impacts on livelihoods. In resource-constrained marginalised societies, it is often difficult to collect disease data in conventional ways. Participatory epidemiology (PE) has been suggested as a particularly suitable research method to study epidemiology and social impacts of diseases in these contexts. However, for PE to achieve its full potential, stronger efforts to achieve true participation and to incorporate...

Keyvan Sharifmoradi1*, Nader Farahpour2

... independent t-test with significant point set at p< 0.05. There was no difference in cadence between left and right of normal subjects and those with PD. However, there was a significant decrease in walking speed and stride length in both sides of PD patients compared to normal subjects. Patients with PD showed a significant decrease in progression force and the second peak of v...

Ali Tahmasebi1, Parvin Raji1*, Mostafa Kamali2

...trate that there were no significant differences in mean values of static stability parameters in EC condition between children with spastic diplegic CP and typically developed children (P˃0.05). There were no significant differences in mean values of static stability parameters during EC and EO condition in typically developed children (P˃0.05). Children with spastic diplegic CP experience the best static standing...

Muhammad Abubakar1*, Shumaila Manzoor2, Jonas Johansson Wensman3, Emeli Torsson3, Qurban Ali1 and Muhammad Munir4

...V within lineage IV with significant substitutions in the nucleoprotein (NP) gene. Genetic variations within NP gene, and possibly in other proteins which are essentially mediating protective immunity, may explain the extreme infectious nature of the virus and its host-specific pathogenesis. Moreover, understanding the nature of such circulating field viruses is essential to underpin the endemic potential of PPRV and its possible spread to the susceptible wild...

Muhammad Jurial Baloch1*, Ghulam Murtaza Channa2, Wajid Ali Jatoi2, Abdul Wahid Baloch1, Imdad Hussain Rind1, Muhammad Ahmed Arain1 and Ayaz Ali Keerio1

... due to GCA and SCA were significant for days to 75% maturity, tillers plant-1, spike length, spike density, grains spike-1, grain yield plant-1, seed index and harvest index. Significance of GCA and SCA variances suggested that both additive and non-additive genes were controlling these characters. The magnitude of SCA variances were higher than GCA indicating pre-dominance of non-additive gene effects for spike length, spike ...

 Ishfaq Ahmed, Ihsan Mabood Qazi and Suraiya Jamal

...4.47–7.09%) showed significant (P < 0.05) increase, while fat content (1.41-1.17%) showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease by blending WF with BRF. Similarly, water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI) and swelling power (SP) showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease as the concentration of wheat flour in the blends increases. The values for WAI, WSI and SP were ...

Murad Ali Khan and Mohammad Akmal 

...times. Results showed no significant changes in yield traits i.e. plant density (m-2), number of grains per head and 1000 grains weight (g). However, biomass yield (kg ha-1), grain yield (kg ha-1) and oil content (g kg-1) were found significantly (p<0.05) higher for planting geometry 90 x 15.5 cm as compared to 70 x 20 cm on mean values in both years. It is obvious from the data that yield traits are not

 Zar Muhammad and Mohammad Tariq Jan

...N and their interactions significantly affected maize yield and yield components over two years average data. Compost application produced more maize ears m-2 (13%), grains ear-1 (28%), 1000 grains weight (14%), biological yield (56%), grain yield (65%) and harvest index (5%) over control. Among varying composition composts, higher grains ear-1(274), 1000 grains weight (270.7g), biological yield (16151 kg ha-1) and grain yield (4803 kg ha-1) were observed for ...

 Muhammad Ishaq and Raziuddin

 
...zed data revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for days to flowering, maturity, plant height, primary branches plant-1 and main raceme length. Analysis of combining ability revealed highly significant GCA (general combining ability), SCA (specific combining ability) and RCA (reciprocal combining ability) effects for the studied traits. Based on GCA, best general combiners were AUP-7 for earlier flowerin...

 Farmanullah Khan, Samad Khan, Wiqar Ahmad and Imran Khan

...evealed that NPK75FYM20` significantly (p<0.05) improved the yield. As regards soil properties, NPK20FYM20 reduced bulk density, increased WHC, saturation percentage, organic matter content, plant available N, P and K significantly (p<0.05) both at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths. Effect of fertilizer sources either alone or in integrated form was non-significant on Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn concen...

 Zafar Khan, Asad Sultan, Rajwali Khan, Sarzamin Khan, Imranullah and Kamran Farid

 
...men was found to contain significantly higher levels of Pb, Cd and Cr as compared to egg yolk which contains significantly higher levels of essential elements (Fe, Mn and Zn). The mean concentrations of toxic heavy metals; Pb, Cd and Cr in albumen samples collected from Peshawar were 0.13, 0.06 and 0.09 (ppm) respectively. Concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cr in egg albumen of Dir Lower were 0.13, 0.05 and 0.05and in Malakand wer...

 Inamullah Khan, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi, Rajwali Khan, Syed Muhammad Sohail, Ijaz Ahmad, Muhammad Shoaib and Asim Ijaz

...to male (14%). Similarly significant difference was recorded among age group i.e. adult were more susceptible as compare to young ones. In subsistence farms level prevalence in intensive, extensive farming and nomads was 74.07%, 57% and 83.3% respectively. Breeding through natural service was in greater risk (94%) as compared to artificial insemination (78%). In humans overall sero-prevalence was recorded 12.12%, 09.59% and 08.59% by SPAT, i-ELISA and PCR resp...

 Umed Ali Laghari, Ahmed Naqi Shah, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro, Zia-ul-Hassan, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro and Khalid Hussain Talpur

... and genotypic variation significantly (p<0.05) determined the yield of grass pea. However, their interaction remained non-significant for all the traits of grass pea under study. As expected, the increasing rate of K significantly (p<0.05) increased various growth traits and yield of grass pea genotypes. The crop supplied with 20 kg K2O ha-1 produced maximum branches per plant (5.2)...

 Arif Khan, Abdur Rahman, Shoail Akhtar, Siraj Uddin, Zahid Ullah and Nazir Ahmad

 
...Breed and animal age had significant and their interaction has significant (P < 0.05) effects on marbling. Animal age group and their (breed x age) interaction had significant effect on the Water holding capacity (WHC). Breed effect on WHC was found not significant at P 0.05. WHC increased significantly (P < 0.05...

Mian Shamas Murtaza1, Aysha Sameen1, Nuzhat Huma1 and Fatma Hussain2

...ed that reduction in fat significantly (p < 0.05) increased the moisture and protein content. The addition of gums further augmented the moisture level owing to owing to their water retention properties. The melt-ability, flow-ability and yield of cheese decreased significantly (p < 0.05) on reducing the fat level, as anticipated. However, the addition of gums gradually improved these aspects with higher values for che...

Muhammad Khurshid, Muhammad Nafees, Inam-ur-Rahim and Wajid Rashid

... female) of age 14 to 60 significantly (P<0.01) reduced during past 30 years and partly shifted to cropping. The male herding labour reduced 40.2% in semi-nomadic pastoralists and 8% in nomadic pastoralists. Similarly the female herding labour reduced 54.3% in semi-nomadic and 32.2 in nomadic pastoralists. This reduction is highly observed in herding labour of semi-nomadic pastoralists followed by nomadic pastoralists. It is concluded that due to this irrat...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Rysanek

...ased nematode population significantly (P=0.05 and caused reductions in final numbers of cysts per 250 g of soil, eggs and juveniles per cyst. Nematicides effects were not quite significant among each other but had tremendous effects in reducing nematode population compared to that of untreated control. A significant (P=0.05) reduction in numbers of eggs per cyst warrants that nematicides ...

Sungil Kim1, Muhammad Riaz2, Amjad Farooq3 and Sungkwon Park4*

...n loin were analyzed. No significant difference in growth performance and quality traits of pork loin between control and DDGS was observed. Fatty acid composition in pork belly, however, was significantly affected by DDGS treatment. Levels of palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1) which are positively associated with meat flavor, were greater (p<0.05) in DDGS compared to control group. Supplementation of DDGS in...

Muhammad Mushtaq, Umer Sadique, Naila Chand, Iftikhar Ahmed, Said Sajjad Ali Shah, Ijaz Ahmad, Imran Ullah and Muqadar Shah

...le and serum glucose was significantly improved. Lipid profile and serum glucose was significantly reduced in all treated groups. Mean cholesterol was (157.66 mg/dl), triglyceride (65.64 mg/dl), HDL (58.88 mg/dl) while no alteration in LDL contents. Significantly effect of water based infusion was notice on mean serum glucose (73.83 mg/dl) Observation of the study indicating that water bas...

Safdar A. Wahocho, Tanveer F. Miano, Noor U.N. Memon and Niaz A. Wahocho

...). The results revealed significant (P<0.05) photoperiodic effect on all the growth and quality traits of Zinnia. The Zinnia grown under 8 hours daylight (8 am – 4 pm) with 38.29 cm plant height, 6.61 side branches plant-1, 41.25 leaves plant-1, 39.75 days taken to initiate flower bud, 7.49 cm flower diameter, 5.76 g weight of single flower, 3.27 days taken to open 1st flower, 8.41 flowers plant-1, 23.67 days blooming period and 28 percent leaf chlor...

Zisha Liu1, Na Song1, Takashi Yanagimoto2, Zhiqiang Han3, Bonian Shui3 and Tianxiang Gao3*

... supplementary proof and significant information for future taxon studies.

...

Halide Nihal Açikgöz1*, Serdal Kenan Köse2 and Ali Açikgöz3

 

 

...versity of the fauna are significant for solving suspect entomological cases.

 

 

...

Metin Duru1*, Asuman Arslan Duru1, Köksal Karadaş2, Ecevit Eyduran3, Harun Cinli4 and Mohammad Masood Tariq5

... characteristics was non-significant. The significant differences in other egg characteristics between weeks were recorded except for egg shape index and egg height (P<0.05). Very strongly Pearson coefficient of 0.876 was estimated in egg shape index between predicted and actual values (P<0.01) in the CHAID analysis in comparison with other egg internal characteristics. The Nodes numbered 3, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 12 with the ...

Ai Ming Zhou1,2, Guang Wen Liang2, Ling Zeng2, Yong Yue Lu2 and Yi Juan Xu2*

...d that fire ant invasion significantly suppressed honeydew exploitation by ghost ant. Fire ant suppression markedly increased the ghost ant foraging activity both on plants and the ground. Ant diversity in fire ant-infested plots was significantly reduced compared with in fire ant-free plots. Compared with in the no-ant plots, the colony growth rate of mealybug significantly increased, and...

Irfan Ullah and Abbas Ullah Jan

... food in rural region. A significant increase in the consumption of meat, fruits, vegetables, rice, beverages, other cereals and backed products is found for married rural household, while fruits, vegetables, sugar, beverages, wheat and wheat flour, rice, other cereals, oil and fats, backed products and other food consumption increases as urban household is married. Results show a significant increase in the consumption of v...

Robina Karim and Dawood Jan

... variation does not show significant declines; rather it appears largely static, suggesting Pakistan imports trade could not be benefited much by reductions in trade restrictions associated with the implementation of WTO in Pakistan domestic market. This stated analysis thus supports partial acceptance of hypothesis, which states that “Pakistan’s foreign trade is expected to be largely better off once WTO’s regime is fully implemented in Paki...

Atul Sharma, Aruna Chandra Singh, Gautam Bacher, Sunil Bhand

...iotics has attracted the significant attention, mainly due to the consequences of multi drug resistance and potential threat to human health and the environment. With the increasing incidences of antimicrobial contamination, especially in food, dairy products, agriculture and environment, their regular monitoring is on prime interest. Aptamers are synthetic short sequences of single stranded (ss) oligonucleotides (ss-RNA or DNA), which are developed by an in-v...

Ambreena Hafiz1, Tanzeela Riaz2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*

...n. Soluble Proteins were significantly elevated (79, 100 and 37%) in 4th and 6th instar larvae and adult beetles of Gujranwala, (14, 24 and 14%) in Okara and (14, 13 and 2%) in D.G Khan populations, respectively compared to susceptible population. Free amino acids content of Gujranwala (22, 42, 75%), Okara (18, 30 and 17%) and D.G Khan (4, 15 and 25%) also showed the same trend of elevation in the 4th and 6th instar larvae and adult beetles, respectively compa...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

...riment, L. muscarium had significant effects in reducing the nematode population in soil compared to the other treatments. In regard to the growth parameters, root and shoot growth (cm) were enhanced after the application of L. muscarium, followed by D. oviparasitica and S. rugosoannulata. The reproductive rate (Rf = Pf/Pi) of nematodes was much higher in the non-treated plants than those that were treated. The root quality of the fungus-treated plants was

Muhammad Basit1, Shafqat Saeed2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3, Rana Zulfiqar4

 

...ds and chrysoperla had a significant positive correlation with A. gossypii and T. orichalcea, respectively. Likewise, spiders and lady beetles had significant positive relationship with B. tabaci, N. inconspicuous and Empoasca spp. Furthermore, temperature had a significant positive correlation with B. tabaci, N. inconspicuous and Empoasca spp, suggested increased in temperature also...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

...greenhouse conditions. A significant (P=0.05) reduction in the number of galls and egg masses, eggs and juveniles (J2), and the reproduction factor (Rf=Pf/Pi) was observed in the plants treated with L. muscarium compared to the control. However, all chemical nematicides were also effective in reducing the nematode infestation significantly (P=0.05) in soil compared to the control, but there was no si...

 Ali Murad Rahoo1,2, Tariq Mukhtar3,*, Simon R. Gowen1, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4 and Shaukat Ibrahim Abro5

...done on these aspects. A significantly greater emergence of IJ of S. feltiae from Galleria mellonella was observed with White traps than with modified Baermann trays. Maximum juveniles of S. feltiae emerged at 50 IJ dose followed by 100 IJ. The emergence of IJ decreased significantly at the dose of 200 IJ and then increased with 400 IJ dose. The minimum number of juveniles emerged at the dose of 200 IJ. The relationship betw...

Pan-pan Guo1, Wei Liu2, Yan Li2, Rui-yu Ma2, Wang Zaigui1*, Kai Zhan2*, Jun-ying Li2 and Sheng-nan Liu2 

...sms of the HTT gene were significantly associated with egg production traits in two Anhui local chicken breeds, but the suggestions that HTT may be considered as a potential molecular marker for the selection of production performance-related phenotypes in local chicken breeds need to be further verified.

...

Ecevit Eyduran1, Daniel Zaborski2*, Abdul Waheed3, Senol Celik4, Koksal Karadas5 and Wilhelm Grzesiak2

...R coefficients. The most significant BW predictors were sex, rump height, shank circumference and head girth. The r value ranged from 0.82 (MLP1) to 0.86 (RBF and MR). The lowest RMSE (3.94 kg) was found for RBF and the highest one (4.49 kg) for MLP1. In general, the applied algorithms quite accurately predicted BW of Beetal goats, which may be helpful in making decisions upon standards, favourable drug doses and required feed amount for animals. The ascertain...

Shakeel Ahmed* and Sarwat Jahan

...(EIA) kits. 48 h fasting significantly increased plasma adiponectin (P<0.001), while decreased leptin (P<0.001) and resistin (P<0.01) concentrations compared to normal fed monkeys. No significant (P>0.05) change in adiponectin levels was observed after NMS injection in both normal and metabolically stressed conditions. NMS administration induced a significant (P<0.01) increa...

Süleyman Kök1*, Sertaç Atalay1, Hasan Semih Eken2 and Mustafa Savaşçi3

...N1 4751 were found to be significant (P<0.05). The positive alleles of SNPs in Calpain and Calpastatin genes and all of their genotype combinations, were also found to be carried by TGC.

...

Muhammad Sohail1,*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Naureen Aziz Qureshi2 and Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry3

...1) of each metal induced significantly higher levels of DNA strands breaks as compared to medium dose (240 µg L-1) and very low levels of DNA damaged was observed at high dose (360 µg L-1). Cu and Pb showed significantly higher value of % of tail DNA (56.74±1.81, 47.36±1.23) and comet tail length (41.30±0.758, 49.15±1.90), respectively, as compared to Cr and combined metal exposure (Pb...

Tasnim Farasat*, Saima Sharif, Farkhanda Manzoor, Muneeza Zafar and Shagufta Naz

...l and serum insulin were significantly higher (p< 0.05) in proliferative group of diabetic retinopathy, while triglyceride level, HbA1c (%), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were non-significantly higher (p> 0.05) in diabetic retinopathy groups. To conclude high prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was observed among newly diagnosed diabetic patients.

...

Dallin D. Oaks and Cynthia L. Hallen

...derstanding has received significant attention. The pervasiveness of certain metaphors in the lives of members of a religious community is especially significant when they are incorporated into sacred texts. This would seem to be the case not only for Judaism, Islam, and mainline Christianity, but also for Mormonism, a distinctive branch of Christianity. Officially known as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LD...

Faiqah Ramzan*1 and Muhammad Haris Ramzan2

...ly. The levels decreased significantly at all tested doses. Intermittent administration of Kisspeptin –10 negatively regulates the prostatic citric acid levels in adult male mice.

...

John G. Bruno

...taining. While there was significant cross-reactivity between the various captured serotypes, each of the anti-LPS aptamer candidates showed a preference for its cognate E. coli serotype. Results suggest that these aptamers may be useful for enriching specific E. coli pathogens during aptamer-magnetic separation in food samples, leading to a greater ability to detect these serotypes if coupled with genetic identification techniques such as PCR or gene probe hy...

Zafar Waheed, Khalid Usman, Iftikhar Ali

...sses in grain yield were significantly affected by Rumex dentatus population. All parameters decreased with increasing density of Rumex dentatus except loss in grain yield which increased (1.3 to 69.8%) with increasing density of Rumex dentatus (from 5 to 30 plants m-2). The threshold level of Rumex dentatus was observed in T5 and became worse with further increase in population density of Rumex dentatus. It is concluded that yield and yield related parameters...

Ahmed Samy, Wesam Mady, Naglaa M. Haggag, Samah H. Mohamed, Ebtissam N. AlShamy, M.K. Hassan

...rther, strain V3 induced significant up-regulation of IL-1b and IL-6 at 24 hours post infections (hpi) comparing to RSF/1. However, both strains induced significant up-regulations of interleukin (IL)-8 at 1 and 3hpi and interferon (IFN)-α late 24 and 48hpi. Altogether, our results suggest that the concurrent up-regulation of IFNα, IL-1b and IL-6 with higher viral load could represent an important feature affectin...

Muhammad Shafiq and Tahir Maqsood

...iomass were affected non-significantly in response to B application. Regarding chemical analysis concentration of boron in both wheat straw and grains increased with B application but there was no effect of fertilizer B on NPK concentration of straw and grains. These results are very heartening; signifying that for any soil, B adsorption isotherm need to be worked out for location precise fertilizer B use.

...

Dilawar Hussain* and Abdul Mateen

... both 2 and 4 ppm levels significantly (p<0.05) decreased specific growth rate (SGR), net weight gain (NWG), average daily gain (ADG), survival, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PRE), irrespective the addition of the 4TX in the diets. Among different dietary groups of the fish, % survival was not affected significantly (p<0.05). T1 showed maximum NWG (45.49±3.85), FER (0.739...

G.E. Odo1*, E.J. Agwu1, N.I. Ossai2, C.O. Ezea3, J. Madu1 and V. Eneje2

... of aluminium phosphide, significant increase in neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil and monocytes throughout the duration of exposure and decrease in the lymphocytes . The results on gill and liver tissues sampled showed concentration and time dependent significant increase (p < 0.005) in the values of malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase ...

Sezgi Arman* and Sema Isisag Ucuncu

... of epithelial area were significantly different.

...

Sezgi Arman* and Sema Isisag Ucuncu

... of epithelial area were significantly different.

...

Noor Us Saher1, Zunaira Amanat2, M. Asif Gondal3 and Naureen Aziz Qureshi4,*

...= 99.4, P<0.005) were significantly more than females throughout the study period. There was a significant difference in size of male and female crabs within sexes; (M. planipes: t = -4.93, P < 0.005) and (A. lunaris: t = -2.92, P<0.005). Various morphometrical relationships were demonstrated that the males of M. planipes and A. lunaris were larger in size and heavier than females (4.34g ± 0.9g; 14.86 ±...

Ibrar Khan1,2,3,*, Sadia Qayyum2, Shehzad Ahmed2, Kashif Syed Haleem2, Mujaddad-ur-Rehman1, Guang-Lei Liu3 and Zhen-Ming Chi3

... common and economically significant group of marine micro-fungi family. The study comprised isolation, microscopic observations and ribotyping, allowed discrimination of the marine fungal isolates as Penicillium viticola F1, Penicillium restrictum F2, Penicillium rubens F8, Penicillium implicatum F10, Penicillium piceum F11, Penicillium oxalicum F12, Penicillium sumatrense F15, and Penicillium vinaceum F16. This study demonstrated that Yellow Sea can be consi...

Asmaa Hamid1,* and Samia Kalsoom2

... gram and chickpea had a significant effect on lowering glucose level and total cholesterol of these experimental animals. Bengal gram however, proved to have a significantly (p<0.05) greater effect on lowering of these parameters.

...

Wang Tian1, Huayong Zhang1,*, Jian Zhang2, Lei Zhao1, Mingsheng Miao3 and Hai Huang1

...on biomass were the most significant factors that influenced zooplankton. Strong correlations between SD and Brachionus leydigi, Chrysophyta and Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum, Cryptophyta and Theopilium, Ascomorpha ovalis, Hexarthra mira were observed during the CCA. These zooplankton species may be used as indicators of relevant variables. Results in this research are very useful in guaranteeing ecological security in Lake Nansihu.

...

Xiangxing Zhu1, Junyu Nie1, Shouneng Quan1,2, Huiyan Xu1, Xiaogan Yang1, Yangqing Lu1, Kehuan Lu1 and Shengsheng Lu1*

...n of transgene have made significant contributions to understanding astrocytic structure and function in vitro and in vivo, evidence suggests that mouse models are limited and sometimes do not fully replicate the complete spectrum of neurological phenotypes seen in human diseases. On the contrary, pigs, especially mini-pigs, show exciting potential for modeling human CNS diseases due to similarities in body size, anatomy, life span, CNS structure and neurobiol...

Oluwasogo David Olorunfemi, Oluwasegun Adetokunbo Adekunle, Felix Olayinka Oladipo, Temitope Oluwaseun Oladele and Oladimeji Idowu Oladele

...uare analysis revealed a significant relationship between the respondents’ training needs on value addition initiatives and their age, educational level, years of experience and fish farm income. The value addition initiatives use profile of the fish farmers was still very low among the respondents and training was highly needed on value addition initiatives in seven major areas. It was recommended that robust training programmes and advisory services sh...

Shazia Irfan1*, Asima Rani1, Muhammad Arshad2 and Razia Bashir1

...lysis indicated that non-significant association existed between SOD1 (rs2070424) gene polymorphism and RA (p>0.05). Results of HWE estimation indicate that allele frequencies were not deviant from HWE in RA group. The results of present study indicates that Pb and Cr concentration differ significantly between AA, AG and GG genotypes of SOD1 (rs2070424) gene polymorphism in RA patients as compared to control group (p<0...

Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1*, Lorenzo Gallus2, Sara Ferrando2, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman3, Abdul Ghaffar4 and Abdul Mateen5

...ody of the fish were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by feeding frequency. The highest lipid contents were observed in fish at feeding frequency of three to four times daily. The condition factor (CF), viscerosomatic index (VSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were significantly (P< 0.05) higher in fish at ration levels from 2.5 to 4.5% BW d−1 and feeding frequency of three to four times daily. These results co...

Sidra-Tul-Muntaha1, Muhammad Sagheer1*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan1 and Shahbaz Talib Sahi2

... this study. We observed significant results with each treatment. For both repellent and growth inhibitory effects, A. indica and deltamethrin were most efficient among plant extracts and pyrethroids respectively. At highest dose rates, more than 90% repellency was recorded with both A. indica and deltamethrin. Upto 80% progeny inhibition was caused by the extract of A. indica. While more than 50% population of C. chinensis was inhibited with deltamethrin. Mor...

Ahmed Zein Mahmoud, Muaz Abdellatif and Ahmed Abdalla

...e was 59.9%, goats had a significantly higher sero-prevalence of 75.3% compared to 59.4% obtained from sheep, whereas camels were seronegative. The prevalence of PPR was increasing from 27.9% in 2011 to 77.3% in 2016. Seropositivity was higher in wet seasons (60.9 to 61.4%) to 56.7% in dry hot season. Species, year and location appeared to be having significant effect (p<0.01) on the frequency of circulating antibodies in...

Salma Shaheen, Mumtaz Khan, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani, Zarina Bibi, Muhammad Munir and Mehwish Kiran

 

...M + pressmud combination significantly improved soil physical and chemical properties as well as spinach growth compared to other fertilizers with EM. Maximum soil organic matter content (OM) and K was observed in treatment where pressmud was co-applied with EM. While greater N and P were found where compost and poultry manure were co-applied with EM respectively. Significant (P < 0.05) increase in plant height (11%), num...

Neelum Andaleeb and Munir Khan

...abor hours have positive significant effect on milk production, while herd size has negative significant effect. Furthermore, the addition of estimated coefficients is less than 1, indicating a decreasing return to scale in milk production. These results suggest that small sized dairy farms are more productive and profitable; however, farmers need to utilize each input at its allocatively efficient level in order to get maxi...

Fida Mohammad, O.S. Abdalla, Sheraz Ahmed, Fakharuddin and S. Rajaram

...ons. Genotypes exhibited significant (p≤0.01) variations for all the studied traits excluding biomass. Genotype by environment interactions (GEI) were significant for all the characters except for thousand kernel weight. The influences of yield components on grain yield were explained by the cluster analysis of environments. Clustering of five test environments based on Shifted Multiplicative Model (SHMM) exposed the majo...

Amjad Ali and Abbas Ullah Jan

...nd pesticides were found significant at 5% significance level. In inefficiency model grower age, experience and contact with extension workers has significant contribution in decreasing farm inefficiency. However, grower’s family size, his off-farm income and distance between farm and house were found non-significant. The coefficient of education reveals that in study area inefficien...

Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed and Dilnawaz Ahmed Gardezi

...variance revealed highly significant differences for plant height, number of tillers, leaf area, brix percentage, reducing and non-reducing sugar. A total of 79.75% cumulative variance was estimated in genotypes with PCA analysis at eigenvalue >1 and grouped 20 genotypes into five clusters at Euclidean distance (ED) 7. Cluster analysis revealed that the members of clusters I, cluster III and Cluster V diverse genotypes that should be utilised to initiate br...

Sheraz Ahmad Khan and Ghulam Hassan

...s showed the presence of significant variation (p≤0.01) among the genotypes. Heritability estimates were observed high (h2˃0.60) for all the traits. The highest heritability (0.93) was noticed in plant height followed by flag leaf area (0.89). The values of genetic advance were recorded low to moderate for all parameters. Grain yield was observed to have positive significant association with most of the important yie...

Muhammad Aslam Shahid, Muhammad Iqbal and Muhammad Niamatullah

...ndicated that males were significantly differed from one another in all these characters during both years of study. Maximum spath length (107.21, 107.81cm), weight of pollen grain (150.07, 147.57g)/ tree and number of spath/tree (18.52, 19.24) were recorded in M6, whereas, maximum spath width (15.29, 16.58cm) was observed in M5. The highest number of strand/spath (245.21, 240.53), number of flower/ strand (84.29, 86.80) and weight of pollen grain (12.13, 11.1...

Aqila Shaheen and Nadia Sabir

...maize cropping rotations significantly responded to tillage, residues and organic and inorganic fertilizers. These results suggest that deep tillage has the potential to increase crop yield and WUE of wheat-maize cropping system in mountainous and sub-humid conditions.

...

Naushad Khan1*, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Munir Khan1, Shaista Naz2, Javeria Tanveer1 and Muhammad Kaleem3

...or the maize crop showed significant results due to the proper utilization of the credit by the farmers. The major constraints to farmers while obtaining credit were complicated procedure of pass book preparation, amount less than requirement, unavailability of timely credit and non-availability of collateral. The study recommends amount of loan according to the farmers’ requirements, bank staff cooperation and one window operation to address the problem...

Sana Irshad Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal2, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Shaukat Hussain3

...tract of PDB medium gave significant results against selected phytopathogens compared to GNB medium and selected for further study. Crude (1 µg.mL-1 ) obtained from PDB medium showed 2.50 ± 0.64 mm and 1.97 ± 0.21 mm inhibition zone against X. campestris and C. michiganensis respectively compared to positive reference (streptomycin) and negative refrence (EtOAc) using disc diffusion method. However, the same concentration of crude (1 µ...

Zaffar Malik, Moazzam Jamil, Ghulam Hassan Abassi, Muhammmad Nafees, Muhammad Rafey and Muhammad Kamran

.... The C values decreased significantly for all the amendments and effect of SB and WCB was more prominent, as compared to other amendments. No specific trends, however was observed for φ. Pearson correlation indicated that all the properties i.e., COLE, TS, C, and φ, were significantly correlated with each other. Both fly ash and biochar significantly improved the physico-mechanica...

Zamarud Shah, Safdar Hussain Shah, Asad Jan and Gul Shad Ali

...ild type plants (WT). No significant decrease was recorded in the chlorophyll content of overexpression lines whereas significant decrease was recorded in the chlorophyll content of WT plants following heat stress. Similarly, no significant reduction in the water content of the leaves of overexpression lines was recorded compared to 33.87% reduction in leaf water content of WT plants as a ...

Zeeshan Haider, Inayatullah Jan and Waqar Akram 

... that farmers observed a significant difference in the overall income and income from tomato crop after the conflict as shown by larger t-values of 6.17 with (p<0.01) and 10.91 with (p<0.01) respectively. It was mainly due to restrained mobility during the conflict, farmers had limited or no access to cultivable land, irrigation facilities, and input and output markets which resulted in increased cost of production and decreased farm productivity of toma...

Ibni Amin Khalil* and Raziuddin

...er interaction for found significant (P<0.01) for the studied parameter. Promising genotypes for seed yield i.e. L-4, L-5, L-7 and T-4 were identified as best parents as they outclassed all other genotypes by producing maximum seed yield per plant of 28 g. Since, the line × tester source was significant, hence data was further subjected to combining ability analysis. For the inheritance of the studied trait (seed yi...
Önder Duysak*andKübra Azdural
...> tissues tended to vary significantly between season and stations.The distribution of heavy metals in P. caerulea followed in their muscular tissues in order; Çevlik > Kaleköy> Payas > Arsuz > Dörtyol > Konacık > Yumurtalık > İskenderun for spring and Kaleköy > Payas > İskenderun > Arsuz > Dörtyol > Yumurtalık > Konacık > Çevlik for autumn.It was f...
Wan-Long Zhu1 and Guang Yang2,*
... leptin levels showed no significant differences between short photoperiod group and long photoperiod group, and serum leptin levels showed a positive correlation with body fat mass. Hypothalamic neuropeptide NPY, AgRP, POMC and CART expressions had no significant differences between two groups. Leptin was negatively correlated with NPY expression, but not correlated with CART, POMC and AgRP expressions. All of the results s...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6
...Body composition was not significantly influenced by different lipid sources although low crude lipid was found in fish fed diet containing FO. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) and visrosomatic index (VSI) were greater in the fish fed FO diet than the remaining diets. Finally, it was concluded that fish oil is the best source of energy in fish diet followed by soybean oil for A. berda growing from 10.1 g and 69.2 g. Further study is required for optimizati...
Serkan Sayiner1* and Hilal Karagul2
...was found that there are significant seasonal differences for each region and regional differences in each season were due to different feeding conditions. Heifer blood selenium and plasma vitamin E levels were generally found within adequate ranges in all regions for both seasons. We suggest that feed supplements containing selenium should be added for the Iskele region during the winter months. For the Morphou region we advise that feed supplements should be...
Irshad Ahmad
...strategy has resulted in significant reduction of the pest population in the target area of district Dir, Pakistan.
...
Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Zhong-Yuan Zhang1, Yan-Guo Han1, Wei-Wei Ni1, Ming-Xing Chu2, Yue-Hui Ma2, Jian-Ning He3, Huai-Zhi Jiang4, Jia-Hua Zhang1, Zhong-Quan Zhao1, Yan Zeng1, Ri-Su Na1, Gao-Fu Wang5, Hang-Xing Ren5 and Yong-Fu Huang1*
...tructure did not diverge significantly between high fecundity goats and low fecundity populations, but it followed the agro-ecological zone and management history. This indicated that the frequency of those five microsatellites did not increase during the reproduction of those six breeds. Therefore, these five fecundity related microsatellites are not appropriate biomarkers for goat breeding.

 

...
Kiran Afshan1*, Sarwat Jahan1 and Mazhar Qayyum2
...ield this test indicated significant (p<0.05) values for sheep as compared to goat indicating high risk of infection in sheep. The current study showed that commercial bovine F. hepatica ELISA test is effective in Pakistan for small ruminants.
...
Sumra Ashraf1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2,Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan3, Muhammad Tahir1, Sehrish Rasool1, Maryam Anwar1 and Fiaz Hussain1
...y fed wasp pair produces significantly more number of eggs, adults and also lived significantly longer than other treatments. Highest fecundity and longevity of parasitoid was recorded in case of parasitoids feeding on 50% honey solution followed by 25% sugar and date syrups solutions respectively. It has provided useful information for the mass rearing of this potential biocontrol agent which may be used in the successful i...
Muhammad Afzal1,Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi1,*, Khalid Zamir Rasib2 and Irfan Hussain1
...astating species causing significant loss annually in South Asia. Feeding deterrence of H. indicola among 10 different woods species were evaluated in choice and no-choice assays conducted under laboratory and field conditions. Visual rating according to (AWPA, 1997) scale, mass loss, wood consumption per termite and mortality rate were determined to evaluate resistance of wood against H. indicola. Populus euramericana and Dalbergia sis...
Zafrullah Khan1, Shah Alam Khan1*, Hamayoon Khan2, Naeem Khan3, Khwaja Junaid1 and Inamullah Khan1
... L.) crop and causes significant production losses to the wheat crop in Pakistan. So far eight genes from the conventional wheat cultivars that are resistant to the attack of R. padi have been incorporated in the commercial wheat cultivars to help manage R. padi. During this study seven wheat genotypes were evaluated as antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance. These tested genotypes were (Pir Sabaq-2004, Atta-Habib, Saleem-2000, Serin-2010, Khy...
Md. Yeamin Hossain1,*, Md. Alomgir Hossen1, Md. Nasir Uddin Pramanik1, Fairuz Nawer1, Md. Mosaddequr Rahman2, Suraiya Sharmin1, Dalia Khatun1, A. H. Bahkali3, Abdallah M. Elgorban3 and Khairun Yahya4
...sex ratio did not differ significantly from the expected 1:1 ratio (χ2 = 4.06, p > 0.05). Total length was varied from 5.59 to 12.87 cm and body weight ranged from 3.40 to 27.87 g. All LWRs were highly significant (p < 0.001), with all r2values exceeding 0.97. The calculated allometric coefficient (b) indicated negative allometric growth in male, female, and comb...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2* and Syed Shahid Ali3
...ll esterases tested were significantly increased in all field collected phosphine-tolerant populations when compared with phosphine-susceptible population. Among developmental stages, the 4th instar larvae possessed higher esterase activities than 6th instar larvae and adult beetles in all populations of T. granarium. The increased level of esterases in phosphine tolerant populations as compared to susceptible population has pointe...
Yaoguo Li1,2 and Maoxian He1
...i-methylation locus) was significantly correlated with the shell height and the shell length, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.204 and 0.233, separately. The incidence of type IV locus (super methylated locus) on the other hand was significantly correlated with the shell length, with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.217. The genome methylation levels were significantly positi...
Muhammad Luqman Sohail1,*, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor2, Omer Naseer1 and Muhammad Usman Saleem3
...nfection. Results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelets while total leucocytes count (TLC), neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, red cell distribution width (RDW) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were increased significantly (P < 0.05) which indicated hemolytic anem...
Abida Butt,* Imtiaz Alam and Rabia Naz
...apture thread length. No significant difference was recorded in the number of prey items intercepted by decorated and non-decorated webs. The results of this study showed that stablimenta did not increase prey interception efficiency of the web. However, web design of A.trifasciata showed plasticity that can be explained on the basis of studied body measures.
...
Amjad Islam Aqib1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Riaz Hussain3, Saba Sana2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Kashif Hussain1 and Syed Saleem Ahmad1
... determinants were found significantly (P<0.05) associated with mastitis occurrence except frequency of milking per day. Antibiogram of Staph. aureus indicated very strong resistance to oxacillin, ticarcillin, ampicilline, amoxicillin, azlocine, chloramphenicol, mupirocin, vancomycin, cefixinme, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime. In contrast to this sulphaphenazole, gentamicin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin were highly sensitive. Piperacillin, Tazabactam and ...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Sara Ferrando2, Lorenzo Gallus2 and Abdul Ghaffar3
...somatic index (1.4) were significantly (P< 0.05) higher of fish treated with the artificial diet as compared to those in control ponds. Length-weight relationships of the juveniles showed significant (P < 0.0 I) growth and condition factor associated to feed application in treated ponds. Body composition of the fish was not significantly (P>0.05) different in both th...

 Ali Zurwan1,*, Muhammad Moaeen-ud-Din2, Ghulam Bilal2, Zia-ur-Rehman1,2 and Muhammad Sajjad Khan1

...ed that all indices were significantly affected by period and season of calving and lactation number except that Wood index that did not vary with seasons. Heritability estimates of various indices were low and ranged from 0.004 to 0.067 indicating very lower genetic control. This is the first study to show genetic of persistency of lactation. Although results may be validated using more data and more accurately recorded pedigree for several generations howeve...
Jiancheng Zhai, Li Gao, Yanling Xia and Heping Li*
...isplay, but there was no significant difference between the male and female.
...
Jun Cui, Xiaoxu Zhou, Zhicheng Wang, Derong Kong, Xuemei Qiu, Hongdi Wang and Xiuli Wang*
...dney. CcWap65 was significantly up-regulated in the liver of crucian carp after heat stress, suggesting that increase in Wap65 gene may be related to high water temperature stress and play important roles in high water temperature environment of crucian carp.
...
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Ehsan Kamrani1, Narges Amrollahi Biuki1 and Hossein Zamani2
...emale-biased and was not significantly different during the study. The monthly adult sex ratio (ASR) was significantly different. It means that the sex ratio has no effects on OSR. Moreover, the gonadosomatic indices GSI 1, GSI 2, and GSI 3 were 8.2±0.6, 4.1±0.3 and 9.4±0.9, respectively. GSIs did not showed differ significantly in females; while in males, they were di...
Fazal Said1,Mian Inayatullah2 and Hussain Ali3*
... of honeybee contributed significantly towards increase in the yield and quality of sunflower seed.
...
Shazia Ali, Hizb Ullah and Sarwat Jahan*
... BMI and hemoglobin were significantly reduced (P<0.001), while serum ferritin were significantly increased (P<0.001) in all four thalassemic groups on comparison with control. Kisspeptin levels were significantly reduced in ≤13 years female (P<0.001). While significantly high levels were observed in >13 years of male (P<0.01). T3<...
Sadaf Ijaz Malik1, Kiran Afshan2* and Mazhar Qayyum1
...o groups. Pathologically significant changes were observed in the infected tissue. The parasites had formed pocked in the bile duct mucosa, glandular hyperplasia, thickened blood vessels. The results demonstrate that morphological markers, pathological, hematological and bile biochemical studies are effective tools that could be used as complementary in diagnosis of amphistome infections in ruminants. 
...
Andrea Rezic1, Ivica Boskovic2, Piera Lubinu3, Marina Piria1, Tihomir Florijancic2, Massimo Scandura3 and Nikica Sprem1*
...hology was statistically significant for the shape (p<0.01). Sexual dimorphism as main effect was highly significant for the dorsal skull shape and the mandible shape and size (p<0.01). The comparison of mandible mean shapes using discriminant function analysis and parametric test did not reveal significant differences between the sexes, while dorsal mean skull shape was statisticall...
Mingqin Shao1*, Bin Chen1, Peng Cui2, Binbin Zeng1 and Jianhong Jiang1
...the wintering period. No significant difference was detected in the daily travel distance between different months (F = 0.658, P > 0.05). Significant differences were detected in the daily home rang between January and February, and between February and March. No significant correlation was observed between daily travel distance and home range (R = 0.256, n = 12, P > 0....
K.N. ArulJothi1, M. Abinaya1, B. Suruthi Abirami1, Melvin George2, S. Elangovan3 and A. Devi1*
...C genotype carriers have significantly lower HDL-C (0.82 ± 0.04 mmol/L Vs, 0.9 ± 0.05 mmol/L (p<0.05)) and higher LDL-C (3.7 ± 0.2 mmol/L Vs 3.5 ± 0.14 mmol/L, (p<0.05)) than TT carriers. The TT carriers have lower risk of developing MI and Hypercholesterolemia with OR – 0.6 and 0.49, respectively. SCARB1 rs5888 polymorphism is associated with the development of myocardial infarction and CC genotype influences LDL...
Akbar Ali1,*, Khalil Mohamed2 and Fawzia Toulah3

 

...gG was seen in 12%, with significantly more in women with age more than 30 years as compared to those with age less than 30 years (19% vs 8%; p=0.038). The percentage of IgG seroprevalence was higher in women who ever got pregnant as compared to those who were never pregnant (13% vs 5%). The percentage was also higher in women with direct contact to soil (14% vs 5%). Only one sample was PCR positive. The results show that overall prevalence of Toxopl...

 Sheraz Ahmed and Fida Mohammad

...d 0.91. Plant height was significantly associated with yield at phenotypic level only. Yield exhibited significantly negative phenotypic correlation with days to flowering. Similarly, yield was positively correlated with leaves per plant, green leaves weight per plot, cured leaves weight per plot and grade index at both phenotypic and genotypic level. Based on findings of the present study, selection among RILs would be more...
Abdul Malik1,4, Ghulam Abbas1*, Hameeda Kalhoro2, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Syed Sajjad A. Shah4 and Halima Kalhoro3 
...ich fry number decreased significantly (P<0.05). The fertilized eggs did not differ for the fish at salinity of 0‰ –20‰, but decreased significantly when salinity levels were increased above 25‰. Water quality parameters remained as temperature (28.1±0.2°C), dissolved oxygen (6.10±0.1 ml/l), pH (6.6±0.1 ml/l) and ammonia (0.02±0.004 ml/l) throughout the study peri...
Majed Rafeeq1,*, Nadeem Rashid1, Muhammad Masood Tariq1, Rassol Bakhsh Tareen2, AsadUllah1 and Zahid Mustafa1
...nversion (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in feed intake (P>0.05). The treatment groups supplemented with Allium sativum showed higher growth performance compared to Cassia angustifolia and Artemisia scoparia and control(P<0.05). Relative organ weights and relative carcass yield of treatment groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). The Relative length of the intestine...
Nadeem Rashid1,*, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa1, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Tanvir Ahmad2, Majed Rafeeq1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Arif Awan1, Mohammad Ali1, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1, Muhammad Shafee1, Asad Ulah1 and Amanullah Khan3
... recorded as 5.3% with a significant difference (P<0.05), the pH was noted to be slightly acidic with non-significant difference (P>0.05) among seasons. Overall mean viable fungal count was 4.72 × 103±708 with a significant association (P<0.05) among seasons. Out comes from study showed that, 44.8% of the assayed samples were contaminated with A. flavus<...
Sung Kwon Park1a, Jin Young Jeong2a, Eun Seok Cho3, Yong Dae Jeong3 and Chang Seok Park4*
...in PBMC of PEDV. Most of significant DEGs were involved in multiple cellular processes of cell growth and immune system. Thus, results from our current study indicate that DEG analysis of RNA-seq data help us better understand the precise mechanisms of PEDV in pig PBMC. 
...
Memoona Akber1, Muhammad Mushtaq1,*, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1, Amjad Rashid Kayani1 and Noor-un-Nisa2 
...ng spring (n = 7). A non-significant difference between numbers of captured individuals of both the sexes was recorded. Adult population of the Norway rat dominated the juvenile during all the seasons of the year. Data on the body weight reflected that the males were heavier than the females in all the four seasons of the year; the heaviest males were observed during the winter season. Reproductive activity revealed that the males were recorded reproductively ...
Salman Khalid1,*, Abdul Rehman2, Mohammad Yasin Amir1, Abdul Rehman1, Imran Sarfaraz1 and Muhammad Asif1
.... The results showed the significant decrease (p<0.001) in tick’s count in both the groups (A and B) as compared to group C. The efficacy of Ivermectin and Fipronil, on 28th day was 93.93% and 77.83%, respectively. Hence, the results proved Ivermectin to be more effective than Fipronil. The 40 birds (n=20 tick infested birds, n=20 healthy birds) were selected for haematological study. The results showed a significan...

M. Abdus Salam1, M. Moynul Haque2, Md. Obaidul Islam3, M. Nasir Uddin4 and Md. Nazmul Haque3*

...d quality of cotton were significantly higher when crop was grown from seeds stored in polythene bag as compared to cloth bag. Interaction of genotypes and seed sources indicated that highest sympodial branches plant-1 (19.11), days to 50% flowering and boll splitting (72.00 and 156.33, respectively), number of bolls plant-1 (20.33), boll weight (4.60 g), seed cotton and lint yield (2305.30 and 832.49 kg ha-1, respectively), ginning out turn (36.04%) and lint ...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...ultural mechanization. A significantly high competency level was found in describing the agriculture machines and equipments and use of hand tools and implements. Most of the respondents have high competency level having practical farming experience. Study suggests pre-service along with in-service trainings along with higher degree in agriculture i.e. PhD for improving their technical competencies in agricultural mechanization

...
Syed Ishfaq Ali Shah1,*, Tassawar Hussain Malik2, Imran Rafi Khan1 and Zahid Hussain
... it was positive and non-significantly correlated with DAP and whitefly on both USDA accessions and local varieties. Maximum and minimum temperatures, rainfall and wind velocity were negative and non-significantly correlated while, % relative humidity (%R.H) was found non-significantly and positively correlated both with USDA accessions and local varieties. On overall basis, during the cou...
Maoying Zhu, Yuntao Ji, Xiaoyu Wang, Junying Pu and Changqing Qu*
...months, MTT assay showed significant differences in the proportion of adherent viable cells in the FH group and GSH group compared with the control group (p < 0.05), and the FH+H group had a more beneficial effect on post-thaw survival of cryopreserved ADSCs compared with the GSH+H and GSH+FH+H groups. The use of FH and H in long-term storage has the potential to be helpful in commercial and clinical application of ADSCs.
...
Adel Eid Mohamed Mahmoud*
...rations did not show any significant differences among groups.No significant differences were observed in meat chemical analysis of slaughtered animals among different groups. Animals fed BBP recorded insignificant increase in growth rate by 9 g daily with improvement in feeding cost by 10%.Bakery waste can replace corn grains and wheat bran in concentrate feed mixtures up to 60 % in growi...
Yi-qiang Ouyang1, Zhen-xin Liang1, Shi-wen Huang2, Ying Zhang3, Shao-shi Luo1, Jin-ning Liang1, Jia-fu Li1, Yu He4 and Song-chao Guo1,*
...teral hippocampus led to significant learning and memory deficits in the Morris water maze test. Pathology analysis of treated animals showed obvious gliosis and neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral hippocampal area. These results suggest that the tree shrew can recapitulate the major features of AD pathogenesis. To provide the basis for further studies with this new animal model, we used high-throughput sequencing to analyze changes in the hippocampal tran...
Hamayun Khan1,*, Momen Khan2, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi3, Shakoor Ahmad1, Ali Gohar4, Hameed Ullah5, FarmanUllah6, Arab Hussain7, Pershotam Khatri8, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Hamid Rehman1 and Azmatullah Khan1
... using SPSS. The highest significant (P<0.05) response was obtained in extenders containing 0.75% green tea extract for all studied parameters. Based on the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that supplementation of green tea extract in semen extender showed significant response on the post-thawed spermatozoa motility, viability and membrane integrity of Achai bull.
...
Urooj Fatima1, Arslan Mehboob2, Muhammad Abid3, Muti-ur-rehman Khan4 and Tahir Yaqub4*

 

...viruses (CPV) are posing significant threats to the dog population, around the globe. To ascertain the current situation and genetics of CPVs in Pakistan, a total of fifty samples from sick dogs suspected for parvovirus infection were collected from different geographic areas of the country. Samples were screened for positivity and verified for CPV using PCR. From a 30% positive samples for hemagglutination, nineteen (38.4%) samples were positive in PCR. Seque...

Sanaullah Jalil*, Asim Hayat, Abid Majeed, Syed Haider Abbas, Muhammad Noman, Muhammad Imran Kasana and Muhammad Mazhar Hussain

...ce. All yield parameters significantly increased by the treatments consisting of RP (100 kg) with FYM (5 t ha-1) and EM @ 50 l ha-1, which also enhanced the nutrient uptake of the crop. It can be concluded that accurate use of cheaper rock phosphate, farm yard manure and effective microbes proved as an alternative of costly fertilizers and sustaining the agricultural productivity. Residual effect of rock phosphate with additional use of farmyard manure with ef...

Neelum Andaleeb, Munir Khan and Syed Attaullah Shah

...tus and distance to city significantly affect women’s involvement in livestock farming. Based on these findings the study recommends that significance of women participation to livestock sector must be recognized in government planes and policies. The provision of credit and livestock training facilities to rural women could encourage their participation in livestock farming and provides them decision power in livestock management.

...
Muhammad Qadir Ahmad¹*, Farheen Ashraf Raza¹, Abdul Qayyum¹, Waqas Malik¹, Rao Wali Muhammad2, Muhammad Asif Saleem1, Amir Hamza2, Ahmad Baksh Mahar3
...lation analysis depicted significant positive association between NL and BW. SV also revealed positive association with SI. BW showed positive association with NLB, NS and SI. LA showed positive association with NL. Path coefficient analysis was utilized to partition the direct and indirect effects of different traits on BW. Path coefficient analysis revealed positive direct effect of NS on BW. Similarly, SI illustrated positive indirect effect on BW via LA. T...
Abdus-Subhan1, Qudratullah Khan1, Muhammad Mansoor2, Muhammad Jamil Khan1, Ammanullah2, Matiullah Khan3
...tics revealed that P had significant effect on tillers plant-1, weight of grain spike-1, grain yield and harvest index % (H.I. %). While (S) had significant effect on yield of grain, straw, biomass and H.I. Maximum grain yield and BCR was recorded in treatment combination of P2 × S1.It is concluded that use of 2-tillers on raise bed sowing method gave
Ahmed Mujtaba1, Tariq Masud1, Asif Ahmad1, Waqar Ahmed3, Saqib Jabbar3* and Robert E. Levin2
...lorogenic acid inhibited significantly the growth of tested bacterial strains. Among the bacterial strain tested Salmonella entritidis and Helicobacter pylori were even more sensitive to 20.313 (µg/ml) of chlorogenic acid and showed zone of inhibition with the value of 6.0 and 7.0 mm. The HPLC analysis of apricot suggested that 5.0 gm of apricot contain 1.04 µg/ml of chlorogenic acid on dry weight basis. It is concluded that apricot m...
Said Rawan1, Farzana bibi1, Nadeem Khan1*, Abdul Mateen Khattak1, Zahir shah3, Asif Iqbal2, Madeeha Alamzeb2, Saeed Ul Haq1, Abid Kamal3, Fawad Ali Shah2, Ahmad Naeem1 and Wajid Ali3
... both the varieties were significantly influenced the fruit decay (%), TSS (%), taste and moisture content (%), while firmness (kg/cm2) and weight loss (%) was found non-significant. Also storage interval significantly affected all the parameters. Interactive affect of varieties and storage intervals significantly affected all the parameters except firmness (kg/cm2

Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2, Waseem Akbar Qazi2, Noor Abid Saeed3

...s. Results revealed that significantly highest (124.86) population was recorded on L. acutangula and lowest (104.725) on L. siceraria at both experimental sites throughout the course of experiment. Moreover, significantly higher population densities of B. cucurbitae were observed during the 4th week of May on L. acutangula (339.4±22.59) and lowest (11.0±0.45) during1st week of January. Similarly, in case of M. ...
Mustafa Cengiz1*, Jama Hussein Ali2, H. Mehtap Kutlu2, Djanan Vejselova2 and Adnan Ayhanci3
...ges in the liver tissue, significant decreased in the number of activated Bcl-2, while increased in the number of Bax and caspase-3-positive hepatocytes, a significantly increase in levels of the activities of biochemistry markers (serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)). In contrast, in the groups given D-GaIN and EA, a decrease in the damage of the liver tissue, a

M. B. Meah

Biopesticides for crop growth and crop protection
...ection were also reduced significantly with allamanda spray. Active compounds in allamanda leaves have been separated and identified.Formulated trichoderma effectively controlled soil-borne diseases including root-knot nematode. Mahogany oil spray reduced infestation of stem borer,leaf hoppers of rice; shoot & fruit borer of brinjal and fruit flies of vegetables.Biopesticides (formulated trichoderma) and bio-agents (bracon,trichogramma, ladybird beetle) an...

Wajid Hasan1 and C. P. Singh2

Relationship between the population of mustard aphid,Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) and weather parameters on different cultivars of Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea L.)
...n of L. erysimi governed significantly with the weather parameters. It concluded that the temperature (max. 18.7 and min. 5.0 C), relative humidity (morning 91.5 and afternoon 50.5 percent), rainfall (000.0 mm), evaporation (below 1.55 mm), bright sun shine hours (below 5.8 hr) along with wind velocity below 3.4 km/hr were found very conductive for this pest.

...

M. D. Maji, N.K.Das, S. Chatterjee, A. Ghosh and A.K. Bajpai

Forecasting models of bacterial leaf spot disease of mulberry for Birbhum district of West Bengal
... disease severity showed significant positive correlation with max & min temperatures, min relative humidity, rainfall and number of rainy days. Step down multiple regression analysis revealed that the forecasting of BLS could best be done from min temp, minimum relative humidity and number of rainy days.

...

1N. Johnson Singh, 2Amitava Konar and 3Palash Mondal

Incidence of aphids in different traps on potato in Gangetic plains of West Bengal
...bright sunshine hour had significant effect on aphid population. The same abiotic factors were quite different between the first and second year. This was due to the fact that the climatic conditions in second year varied distinctly from the first year.

...

1S. A. Khan and 2S. Jha

Effect of dates of sowing, moisture regimes, varieties and weather factors on incidences of aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) in rape and mustard
...days showed consistently significant negative correlation, whereas Trange, which is the difference between Tmax and Tmin, registered always positive correlation with aphid population. On aphid observation date, morning RH showed significant positive correlation, whereas after noon RH registered significant negative association with aphid population. After noon RH prevailing 3 to 5 days pri...

1Parvin Noor and 2Md. Nashir Uddin

Morphological changes of different castes of the subterranean termites (Odontotermes proformosanus) in fungus combs of termitophiles
...d head capsule width are significantly correlated at 0.01 level in their five different development stages.

...

Sitansu Pan and N. K. Mishra

Epidemiological studies on some diseases of guava (Psidium guajava L.)
...oefficient matrix showed significantly positive correlation of canker severity with maximum relative humidity at 1% level whereas, anthracnose correlated well with minimum relative humidity, temperature and number of rainy days at 5% level. The negative correlation was obtained for stem canker and dry rot with all parameters at 1% significant level. In case of Phytophthora fruit rot, positive correlation was also recorded wi...

P. Barma and S. Jha

Biology, seasonal activity of fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coq.) on pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) and weather relations
... minimum temperature had significant positive correlation (r = +0.386 and +0.501, respectively) on the population build up of the pest. The relative humidity % of morning hours had significantly negative correlation (r = -0.451) and that of evening slightly positive (r = +0.284). Rainfall had insignificantly positive (r = +0.195), soil temperature significant

Goutam Mondal

Plant growth promoting activity of some indigenous Tricho-derma isolates and their field performance against sheath blight of rice in old alluvial zone of North Bengal
... 70.54%) over check plot significantly. Again, the efficacy of the biocontrol agents was significantly greater in the block with green manured than the block without green manured. Application of hexaconazol 5% EC@ 2.0 ml litre-1 and carbendazim 50% WP @ 1.0 ml litre-1 also reduced the sheath blight disease incidence by 53.25% and 56.86% over the check plot respectively. It was interesting to observe that all biocontrol agen...

A.A. Oyerinde, P.Z. Chuwang, P.Z. and G.T. Oyerinde

Evaluation of the effects of climate change on increased in-cidence of cowpea pests in Nigeria
..., respectively. Also, no significant difference was established in the forms of destructions recorded at the various growth stages of the cowpea plant in the two seasons. Therefore the advent of increased fauna on cowpea established in this study portrayed a need to find possible ways to reduce the emission of Greenhouse gases in the region in order to ameliorate the effects of induced global warming on cowpea production in the country and also provide effecti...

D.K. Hazra, Megha Pant, S.K. Raza and P. K. Patanjali

 

Formulation technology: key parameters for food safety with respect to agrochemicals use in crop protection
...formulations, there is a significant trend towards switching over from such pesticide formulations using petroleum and organic solvent based constituents to user and environment friendly water based formulations. These formulations not only replace toxic, non-degradable ingredients/adjuvants of the conventional formulations but also increase the bio-efficacy of the products through incorporating latest technologies including size reduction (WP to SC, SL to ME)...

Dinesh Kachhawa and Sahidur Rahman

Factors influencing incidence of red spider mite of tea, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) in Assam
...the number of eggs had a significantly positive correlation with the maximum temperature(r=0.320 and r=0.286 for the mites and eggs, respectively) and minimum temperature (r=0.268 and r=0.279 for mites and eggs, respectively). Whereas the mo-tile stage of red spider mite, O. coffeae and eggs had a negative and significant correlation with average relative humidity (r = -0.357 and r = -0.282 for mites and eggs, respectively)....

M. S. Joshi , D.M. Sawant and A.P. Gaikwad

Isolate variations in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infecting pomegranate
...s was also statistically significant. Highest DRI (15.22) was recorded in the interaction between Bhagwa x Cg 85 and it was on par with Ganesh x Cg 86, Aarakta x Cg 82, Aarakta x Cg 84, Ruby X Cg 86, Patna 5 X Cg 86 and Patna 5 X Cg 82.

...

Someshwar Bhagat and Sitansu Pan

Comparative ecological behaviour of some pre- and post-tsunami isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride from Andaman & Nicobar Islands
...ates), whereas there was significant reduction in their parasitizing ability of post-Tsunami isolates. Similar results were also noted in their rhizosphere colonizing ability in rhizosphere of chick pea seedlings. All isolates of Trichoderma showed significantlty low competitive parasitic ability and rhizosphere colonization in Mohanpur (B.C.KV.) soil as compared to Port Blair (CARI) soil.
 

...

K. K. Hegde and B. S. Nandihalli 

Bioefficacy of some indigenous products in the management of okra fruit borers
..., respectively. GCKE was significantly superior in reducing the fruit borer damage to the tune of 64.83 per cent with higher fruit yield of 35.87 q.ha-1. The highest incremental benefit: cost ratio was noticed in endosulfan treatment (15.00) followed by treatment involving NSKE alternated with cow urine 10% (13.00), repeated sprays of GCKE (10) and NSKE alternated with cow dung 10% (7.90).
 

 

...

B. S. Nandihalli

Utilization of botanicals in the management of the coconut perianth mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer
...NSKE 5 percent was found significantly superior in reducing the mite population with higher healthy nuts (81 nuts 4 bunches), least percent of damaged nut (65 per cent) and highest benefit which was on par with wettable sulphur. The next best treatment was neem oil 2 percent.

...

V. N. Jalgaonkar, M. S. Gawankar, V. W. Bendale and P. D. Patil

Efficacy of some insecticides against cashew tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii Sign
...shew is one of the major significant sources of foreign currency for our country and it is also one of the important crops of Konkan region of Maharashtra State. Nearly 60 different pests have been reported on cashew. Among them the Tea Mosquito Bug, Helopeltis antonii Sign. is the most serious one, which is responsible for considerable yield losses in cashew. A field trial was conducted during 2005 at Cashew Research Farm, Regional Fruit Research station, Ven...
Zhensheng Liu1,2, Hui Gao1,2, Jiapeng Dong1, Mingming Zhang3 and Liwei Teng1,2,*
...eeding behavior differed significantly by sex but moving behavior did not. Activity synchronization indices of same-sex groups were higher than for mixed-groups and were highest for male groups. The activity budget hypothesis of sexual segregation was supported by blue sheep behavior in the Helan Mountains.
...
Bao-Ming Ge* Dai-Zhen Zhang, Qiu-Ning Liu, Sen-Hao Jiang, Jun Cui, Chun-Lin Zhou and Bo-Ping Tang
...), however, there was no significant interaction of habitat type and season (F15,120 = 0.529, P = 0.919). The abundances distribution was significantly different among habitats in each season as shown by one-way ANOVA, the higher abundance can be found in the warmer seasons. The highest abundance of A. vulgare occurred in forests with dike age above 100 years in summer, whereas the lowest occurred in the fo...
Beenish Zahid1,*, Asim Aslam2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry2 and Raheela Akhtar2
...otal protein values were significantly low (P<0.05) in infected groups A and B as compared to control groups C and D on 5th and 7th day. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly (P<0.05) high in infected groups A and B. On 3rd, 5th and 9th day five birds from each group were slaughtered and histopathological lesions...
Muhammad Mansoor, Zaigham Abbas and Nageen Husssain*
...ndard diet group was non-significant. The remission of SLE manifestations was observed in prednisone treated group except renal damage. From the study it was concluded that gluten intake could worsen the clinical manifestations in SLE patients, therefore, administration of gluten free diet might be a better strategy for SLE patients. However, further confirmatory studies are required in this regard.
...
Hai-Ji Zhang1, Di Zhang2, Dong-Min Hou1 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
... mass of liver decreased significantly in fasting groups, which can return to the control level after refeeding. Fasting for 12 h decreased serum leptin levels, and leptin levels can not recover to the control level after refeeding. Interestingly, there were no post-fasting compensatory increases in food intake. All of the results indicated that A. chevrieri can adjust their physiological functions to cope with food shortage, mainly by decreasing body m...
Sohail Ahmed, Muhammad Arshad and Babar Hassan*
...centration of all resins significantly reduced the chances of termites’ infestation as compared to other concentrations by dipping application in contrast to coating method. Drying of woods prior to resin application was also effective in resisting termites’ infestation. The findings of treatment with resins are discussed with previously cited effects of resins and its implication in wood preservation.
...
Freeha John, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem and Muhammad Hamed 
...ent. Untreated plots had significantly less grain yield as compared to treated plot in all three crops. Cost benefit ratios were significantly different among three crops as 1:7.3, 1:5.7 and 1:4.8 in mid-Nov, end-Nov and mid-Dec crop, respectively. It is concluded that aphids infestation during the season cause for a decrease of grain yield in untreated plots compared to the treated plots. Early planting gave the highest cos...
Burhan Azam1, Muhammad Naeem Tahir2,*, Faisal Shahzad2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Madiha Gohar5 and Saima1
...ds. The results showed a significant linear (P<0.001) increase in the intakes of DM, CP and NDF by the animals with increasing level of enzyme in the diet. The milk yield increased until an enzyme supplementation of 15 g/day (T3) and then dropped. The yield of milk protein, fat, solids not fat and lactose were not affected (P>0.05). Milk fat, solids not fat and lactose concentrations differed (P<0.001) among the treatments but did not show (P>0.05)...
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Maryam Soyuf Jahromi2
...respectively. It was not significantly different during the spawning period. The monthly sex ratios were significantly different during the spawning times. It was also observed an unstable condition for sex ratio and deviated from 1:1. The maximum of sex ratio was in April (1.07± 0.03) as the start of Spawning and September (0.86±0.02) as the recovery of gonad. Therefore, OSR cannot be affected by sex ratio at ...
Madeeha Arshad1, Naveed Ahmad2,*, Muhammad Khalid3, Asmatullah1, Mohammad Tahir2, Khadija Naveed1 and Asia Iqbal4
...phometric studies showed significant differences in nervous, integumentary and skeletal systems against control. Exencephaly, Omphalocoel, hygroma and limb abnormalities were recorded. It is shown that Cr VI causes teratogenic effects in mice embryos.
...
P.P. Ghosh*, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya and M.K. Bhattacharjya
...es under study performed significantly superior to farmers’ practice in terms of reduction in disease severity (32.8-43.6%), yield increase (20.9% - 26.8%) and benefit-cost ratio. Integrated approach was the best approach followed by prophylactic and curative soil disinfestations. Thus, for the present micro-level situation vascular bacterial wilt malady can be addressed by prophylactic application of lime at 500 kg/ha and bleaching powder 20 kg/ha in th...
P.P. Ghosh*, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato and M.K. Bhattacharjya
...cal approaches performed significantly superior over other approaches and traditional practice in terms reduction in percent infestation (92%), increase in germination percentage (36.04%), 88% increase in the quantity of viable seed after storage and benefit-cost ratio. Therefore, seed dressing with neem or mustard oil at 2ml/kg seed can be finally recommended from the present findings for safe storage of black gram for the purpose of food and seed under homes...
Mohammed M. Ibrahim1,2*, Y.S. Chandel1 and Anil3
...ndings revealed that the significant differences were observed between the populations for all characters except abdomen length, fore wing width and length of trochanter and tibia. Overall, the mean of populations for head height × width, proboscis length, thorax length, abdomen length, fore wing length × width, cubital index, hind wing length × width, number of hamuli, coxa length, trochanter length, femur length, tibia length and metatarsus...
Fariha Imtiaz1, Muhammad Islam1, Hamid Saeed2,*, Bushra Saleem1, Maryam Asghar1 and Zikria Saleem2
... ether (5%) demonstrated significant hair growth promoting effects (p < 0.05) compared to standard, i.e., 5% minoxidil and extracts in other solvents. Likewise, ethanol (5% and 10 %) and petroleum ether (5%) extract had significant impact (p < 0.05) on hair length in comparison to minoxidil, however, no significant differences were observed between ethanol (5% and 10%) extract...
Süleyman Kök*
...alue, the difference was significant for CAPN1 316 loci (P<0.001) and CAST loci (P<0.05) and non-balanced but the CAPN1 4751 loci (P>0.05) which did not display a significant difference. The Fis inbreeding coefficients being negative in the sample populations for CAST loci imply heterogeneity in CAST loci (P<0.001). The effective allele number and allele density are other criteria to show the spatial h...
Mehmet Avci1, Recep Aydin1,* and Jale Metin Kiyici2
...feed did not created any significant differences in live weights, daily weight gains, feed conversion ratios and behavioral characteristics of the calves.
...
Erol Akkuzu1,*, Hidayet Güzel2 and Özkan Evcin1
... the pest did not differ significantly between two site productivity classes and between two stand compositions. 
...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Sultan Ayaz2, Sajid Umar4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Muhammad Shafee6, Ikramullah Khan7, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Azmat Ullah Khan8Naimat Ullah Malik1 and Abdul Razzaq9
...evalence of 11.11%, with significant difference (P<0.05) among different study areas. Prevalence was highest in district Bannu (11.66%), followed by district Lakki Marwat and Kohat with 10% in each district. Statistical analysis revealed significant difference (P<0.05) among children of different age groups with highest disease prevalence in children of less than 5 years of age (21.40%) and lowest in children of 11-15 ...
Rafi Ullah1, Sarzamin Khan1,*, Abdul Hafeez1, Asad Sultan1, Nazir Ahmad Khan2, Naila Chand1 and Naseer Ahmad1 
...acteristics indicated no significant differences (P > 0.05). Cost per kg of feed gradually decline with increasing dietary level of SCM inclusion levels (P < 0.05), indicating higher economic benefit. However, the gross return per bird and profit per kg meat were higher for diet D4 (P < 0.05). It was revealed that replacement of soyabean meal with silkworm meal did not affect broiler performance and carcass quality; therefore silkworm meal may effecti...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Moez Ayadi1 and Shabana Naz2
...n was also determined. A significant (P<0.05) increase of calcium (Ca), Zn, Co and Se levels in blood of ewes treated with bolus with a significant increase in phosphorous (P), Co and Se in the blood of their newborn lambs. Furthermore, a significantly higher (P<0.05) inorganic matter percentage in colostrum was found in treated group compared to the control. The body weight of lambs...
Viram Kumar1,*, Moolchand Malhi1, Saeed Ahmed Soomro1, Toufique Ahmed Qureshi2, Muhammad Nawaz Sanjrani3 and Khushal Das Malhi1
... MCH concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) and the serum total protein and Mg concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in male compared to female peafowl. In conclusion, the present study provides base-line values for hematology and serum biochemistry of apparently healthy Indian adult blue peafowl of Thar and can be used as reference values to evaluate the health or diseased conditions in the s...
Wenqiao Hui1, Jishun Tang1, Dejian Zhu1, Qian Ban2* and Sheng Chen1*
...n event that contributes significantly to lifetime reproductive efficiency. Anhui white goat is a native Chinese breed, with the characters of early time puberty onset and high fecundity. However, the molecular mechanism of puberty onset has not been well understood. It has been demonstrated leptin act as a critical metabolic cue linking adipose and the onset of puberty. In the present study, we first assessed the morphological changes in adipose tissue at pre...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1*,Ibrahim Alhidary1, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Rifat U. Khan3, Abdel Raouf S. Bello4, Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady2 and Ramzi A. Amran1
...ls. Acetic acid improved significantly in experimental groups, while propionic acid decreased significantly in T1. Valeric acid and butyric acid decreased significantly in T1 and T2 while isovolaric acid and the ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid and glucose increased significantly in T1. In conclusion, feeding TMR with alfalfa hay, regardless of th...
Javeria1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2,*, Tanveer Hussain2, Rashid Saif2, Sadaf Rashid3, Hanan Sarfraz4, Abbas Ali Shah3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Muhammad Abdullah1
...al status did not differ significantly among case and control groups. Exonic regions of BDNF gene were sequenced. In-silico analysis was performed to detect the possible disease causing effect of genetic variants with OCD. Sequencing of BDNF gene showed one change G>A at position c.196 (rs6265) resulting in a nonsynonymous change from valine to methionine. We found only one homozygous and heterozygous carrier for this polymorphism. Healthy sib...
Sidra Manzoor1,Asif Nadeem1,*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Wasim Shehzad1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Muhammad Imran1, Tanveer Hussain2, Abdul Wajid1 and Maryam Javed1
...ion but it was found non-significant in all analyzed traits. So, it was inferred that it might be due to environmental or epigenetic effect, sampling number or a breed difference. To know the functional consequences of the identified polymorphism, RNA secondary structure analysis was performed and SNP was found changing the termination loop shape in mRNA. However, to increase the selection efficacy of dairy animals, the effects of candidate polymorphism should...
Azhar Abbas Khan1,*, Arif Muhammad Khan2 and Muhammad Afzal3
... with aphids. But was no significant difference in most of the combinations except wheat with aphids (3.8889±0.4554). The fresh leaves of rose, citrus, brassica and wheat (1.2±0.2006, 1.3556±0.1416, 1.5778±0.1829, 2.1444±0.2027, respectively) attracted significantly more numbers of C. septempunctata as compared to control and aphids alone (0.7667±0.1204 and 0.8333±0.115...
Jianping Gou, Jianli Xiong*, Baoxia Dong, Zhennan Liu and Manman Hou
...r 2015. Females differed significantly in the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, lung, and gonads compared to males; however, liver and fat bodies did not differ between the sexes. The sex difference of these organs may contribute to different energy requirements for reproduction between males and females. Our findings suggest that female toads invest considerable resources into gamete production compared to males, and greater internal organs in female...

Shahid Iqbal Khattak1*, Mohammad Safdar Baloch1, Khalid Naveed2 and Ejaz Ahmad Khan1

... foliar application of N significantly (P≤0.05) affected plant height (89 cm), tillers m-2 (313), grains spike-1 (48), 1000-grain weight (43.0 g) and economic yield (3760 kg ha-1). Foliar applied nitrogen also produced higher nitrogen use efficiency, net return, value cost ratio and relative increase in income as compared to soil applied method. However, maximum grain protein content was recorded in soil applied method in comparison to foliar N application....

Umer Wahid1, Shahid Ali2* and Nihal Ahmad Hadi3

...y factors experience was significantly contributing to the technical efficiency of the farmers. On the basis of this study it is recommended that tomato growers in the study area need to increase the number of seedling for the purpose to increase the productivity. It is further recommended that government should provide training facilities to the farmers to improve their skills, as a results of which the productivity will be increased

...

Naveed Muhammad, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Ibrahim and Salman Khan

...ertilizers have positive significant effects on tomato yield. Allocative efficiency analysis reveals that machinery, seed quantity, number of irrigation, fertilizers and chemicals are underutilized, while labor and FYM are over utilized for tomato production in the study area. The study recommends training for growers and field labors, provision of short-term formal credit and subsidies on seed, chemical spray, fertilizers and other underutilized inputs/ capit...

Furukh Faiz1,2, Muhammad Issa Khan2, Masood Sadiq2 and Haq Nawaz3

...the citrus waste has non-significant effect on the feed conversion ratio of the broiler birds. The results also showed that citrus waste in the feed have positive effect on the antioxidant status of the broiler birds. The activity of the superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the broiler blood was increased as the citrus waste level in the feed of the broilers was increased. The citrus waste addition in the feed of the broiler have non-
Hazrat Ali1,*, Wajid Ali1, Karim Ullah1, Fazle Akbar1, Sher Ahrar1, Irfan Ullah1, Irum Ahmad1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Ikram Ilahi2 and Muhammad Anwar Sajad3 
...fish generally showed no significant differences among different sites on the rivers. However, in some cases, metal concentrations showed significant increase down the stream. Similarly, a comparison of metal concentrations in muscles of the two species generally did not show significant differences between the two species. Zn concentrations in fish muscles were higher than Cu concentratio...
Madiha Hashmi1, Abid Hussain1, Shafiq ur Rehman1, Farida Ahmed2, Shahbaz Aslam3,Nadeem Afzal4 and Zaigham Abbas1,*
...DRB1*11 demonstrated significant association with aeroallergens and could have a protective role for allergy while HLA-DRB1*12 did not show any association with aeroallergen sensitization.
...
Aneela Qureshi1, Ammara Ainee1*, Muhammad Nadeem1, Masooma Munir1,2*, Tahir Mahmood Qureshi1, Saqib Jabbar2
...nd fiber content changed significantly (p<0.05). Gross energy level in cake which is desirable by consumers was reduced but high fiber cake was dark colored, low in volume and with increased hardness. Treatment (T3) containing 5.6g grapefruit albedo powder shows significantly (p<0.05) higher sensory scores in term of color (8.02±0.50), flavor (8.04±0.29), taste (8.18±0.37), mouth feel (8...
Wu Yi-qun* and Xu Xiu
...rs shows that there is a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) between feeding and walking, air movement and chasing behavior, and the positive correlation between lying and preening behavior is also significant. The results also showed that weather conditions has obvious influence on wintering behavior, especially on feeding, walking, lying and standing (P < 0.01).
...
Farah Ashfaq* and Tasnim Farasat
...d cholesterol were found significantly high in overweight and obese groups as compared to the normal weight group (p<0.01). In overweight group, resistin levels were significantly related with cholesterol, insulin levels and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = 0.375, p = .000; r = 0.336, p < 0.01; r = 0.301, p<0.01). In obese group, resistin showed a significant...
Mazher Abbas1, Irfan Mahmood1*, Arshed Bashir1, Tahir Mehmood2, Khalid Mahmood1 and Zubair Ikram1
...r postulate positive and significant impact of citrus producing experience and family income on adoption of recommended number of irrigation and hoeing practices whereas age has significant negative impact on the adoption of hoeing practice and fertilizer applications. Positive and significant impact of family income is influencing the adoption of every recommended practice. The present pa...
Koksal Karadas1* and Ibrahim Hakki Kadırhanogullari2
...ent variables were found significantly. In the MARS algorithm, significant independent variables were determined to be some main and interaction effects of NFB, FAS, WPA, EL, AB, FCQ and TSP. The significant order of the Pearson coefficients between actual and fitted values in AHY was MARS (0.913a) > ANN (0.885ab) > Exhaustive CHAID (0.786b) > CHAI...
Hassen Allaya1,2,*, Abderraouf Ben Faleh1, Manel Rebaya1, Sonia Zrelli3, Abdallah Hattour2, Jean-Pierre Quignard4 and Monia Trabelsi1
...4 adult specimens showed significant differences among the means of the two studied sites for 8 standardized morphometric measurements out of 11 characters. The principal component analysis (PCA), scatter plot of individual component score between PC1 and PC2 showed two morphometric groups. The linear canonical variate analysis (CVA), the overall assignments of individuals into their original groups was 95.13%. The morphometric and meristic analysis were fully...

Aftab Wajid1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Awais2, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman3*, M. Aown Sammar Raza2, Usman Bashir2, Muhammad Naveed Arshad1, Sana Ullah4, Muhammad Irfan5 and Umair Gull1
 

...l as nitrogen increments significantly contributed to the related traits of cotton growth, seed cotton yield and yield attributes. Increasing N increments reveals a positive association with biomass accumulation (growth), yield and yield associated components. Among N increments, 200 kg ha-1 achieved more number of bolls per plant (31.00), average weight per boll (3.48 g) and ultimately lead to higher seed cotton yield (2.42 t ha-1) as compared to other N rate...
A. Hamid1,*, M. Ilyas2 and S. Kalsoom3
...on BGF. Both BGF and SGF significantly lowered the TPC in experimental animals compared with purified diet AIN-93, WBF and MBF. The VLDL, LDL and triglycerides levels were also decreased accordingly while a higher ratio of HDL was recorded in rats fed on BGF and SGF compared to the other feeds. The results suggest that BGF and SGF containing the soluble ß-glucan extract can reduce TPC, VLDL, LDL, and triglycerides and higher HDL.
...
Vladimir Avdalovic1, Marijana Vucinic2, Radmila Resanovic3, Jelena Avdalovic4, Danka Maslic-Strizak5 and Milos Vucicevic3*
...igh. Severe lesions were significantly (p<0.01) more frequent (80%) in broilers reared on chopped wheat straw than on pelleted straw (56%). Although the high moisture content was measured in both litter substrates and the high frequency of severe FPD was estimated in both groups of broilers, pelleted straw showed lower moisture content, occurrence and severity of FPD (2.56±0.19) comparing to chopped wheat straw (3.20±0.13) at the end of the ex...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...sonalities and habits. A significant difference was reported in required and possessed competencies of preparing training schedules regarding crops followed by timely appointment and issuance of duties to junior staff for effective and efficient work. Results of the study reported that there is utmost need of training in competencies regarding identification of input supply dealers’ malpractices and evaluation of pesticide companies activities. Timely ap...
Adnan Yousaf1,Jia Wu1, Qaiser Shakeel2, Yasir Iftikhar3, Muhammad Irfan Ullah4, Uzma Tahira5,Mustansar Mubeen1 and Wubei Dong1,*
...roots of C-302 contained significantly fewer galls (30) and egg-masses (51) compared to the other fourteen cultivars. Seven cultivars including C-33, Gola Peshawari, 11-2010, 18-2010, 15-2010, 27-2010 and C-68 had 10 root galling and egg-masses indices (from a scale of 0-10). Hence, present study shows that none of the available chili cultivars are resistant to attack from M. incognita and S. rolfsii. The moderate tolerance was found in C-302 fol...
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Tasneem Hameed1, Muhammad Afzal2, Arshad Javid3, Nosheen Aslam4, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah6, Majid Hussain5, Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan1 and Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1
...t digestibility was also significantly increased (p<0.05) by 1000 FTU kg-1 level of phytase supplementation. Digestibility coefficients for sunflower meal based diet increased 15.76%, 17.70% and 12.70% for crude protein, crude fat and apparent gross energy as compared to the reference diet, respectively at 1000 FTU kg-1 level. It was concluded that the phytase supplementation to sunflower meal based diet at 1000 FTU kg-1 lev...
Rahat Naseer1*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Zulfiqar-ul-Hassan2, H. Rehman1, Saima Naveed1, F. Masood1 and M. Tayyab1
...60 days of the trial, no significant difference (p =0.067) in the daily feed intake among the different experimental groups was recorded. Maximum feed consumption was recorded in HT (hydrothermal treatment) 1096.69±26.8 (mean± SE) while lowest in NC (untreated husk) 974.91±18.8 followed by 1069±28 in FT (Fermented), 1045.81±27.7 in BT 1042.47±33 in AT and 1032.17±32 in PC group. A signif...

Muhammad Abid1*, Tahir Yaqub2, Arslan Mehboob3 and Muhammad Zubair Shabbir4

...ry, these viruses pose a significant threat to public health. Owing to significant involvements of neuraminidase (NA) gene in virus pathobiology by mediating virus entry and release, the present study was conducted to determine the phylogenetic relationship of currently prevailing H9N2 isolates in Pakistan. A sum of ten H9N2 AIVs were isolated from 400 suspected samples and were confirmed through serological and molecular as...

Attaullah Khan1, Muhammad Shafi1*, Jehan Bakht2 and Shazma Anwar1

...l growth parameters were significantly improved by seed priming with CaCl2 except shoot length (cm). It is concluded that salinity stresses has adversely affected growth traits of wheat varieties however, seed priming with CaCl2 has alleviated the adverse effects of salinity in wheat varieties. 

...

Sania Shaheen1*, Hina Fatima2 and Muhammad Azeem Khan3

...ermine the factors which significantly contribute to increase the rice output. Moreover, this study estimated the sources of inefficiency. Data collected from 300 sample rice farmers into the Kharif cycle (2013-14) at five main rice growing districts of Punjab namely: Hafizabad, Sheikhupura, Jhang, Vehari, and Gujranwala. Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) was applied to find the results of a study. Study results reveal that direct seeding method is more profi...
Rais Ahmed1,*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Sarwar Khan2
.... All districts showed a significant result for detecting Brucella species (χ2 =54.505, df=8, p<0.05, 95% CI). In conclusion, distribution pattern of the soil borne Brucella species in three districts of Punjab puts both human and animal population at a high risk of exposure. Further studies are required to explore molecular diversity of the pathogens together with sero-conversion in animals and humans.
...

Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3

...small ruminants, causing significant economic losses for the livestock industry. Clinical investigation was carried out during the suspected outbreaks of PPR/FMD in sheep and goats in Hail. Saudi Arabia. During the outbreaks 271 (20.6%) died out of 648 (49.3%) of affected animals, the overall morbidity in goats (33.3%) was higher as compared to sheep (12.3%), with a case fatality rate in goats reached 74.69% in the 2nd outbreak. Affected animals exhibited feve...

Wali Khan1, Naushad Khan2 and Shaista Naz2*

...rmed that beekeeping has significant effect on household income. On average of 2 family members per household were engaged in the beekeeping activity. It also provided multiple sources of employment mainly in honey transportation and marketing, thus beekeeping not only served as an income generating activity but also an employment generating activity in present and in future. The major constraints in beekeeping were the expensive inputs, pest attack, lack of m...
Netti Aryani1, Azrita2, Ainul Mardiah3 and Hafrijal Syandri2*
...justed. The feeding rate significantly (p< 0.05) influenced the final fish weight, net weight gain (NWG), average daily growth (ADG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The maximum growth of giant gourami was found at 6% feeding rate. However, the best feed conversion ratio (1.34±0.18) was obtained at the 4% feeding rate. The carcass composition (crude protein and crude lipid) of giant gourami with different feeding rates sh...
Ayşe Gül Harlıoğlu*
...sac larvae, therefore no significant (P>0.05) difference was observed in these fatty acids between fertilized eggs and yolk-sac larvae. Nevertheless, significant (P<0.05) decreases were observed in C14:0, C16:1n-7, C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, C20:1n-9, C20:2n-6, C20:3n-6 between fertilized eggs and absorbed yolk-sac larvae. Moreover, a significant (P<0.05) decrease was observed ...
Kadir Karakuş1, Bahat Comba2, Abuzer Taş3, Tunahan Sancak3, Arzu Comba2, Devrim Saripinar Aksu4, Hasan Koyun5 and Mohammad Masood Tariq6,*
...n factor was found to be significant only in testosterone (P <0.05). No significant difference between the control and surgical groups in testosterone was noted. In this study, although the application of different castration methods in 4-month-old male Norduz sheep resulted in changes in the blood hormone levels, it was determined that these changes did not affect body weight. In conclusion, the evaluation of the process...
Ibrahim A. Alhidary1,*, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Moez A. Ayadi1,3 and Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady2
...s of this trial showed a significantly higher total body weight gain in lambs fed TMR1 and TMR 2. A significantly higher FCR in lambs fed TMR3 compared with all other treatments. The rumen color of lambs fed TMR2 was significantly (P < 0.01) lighter compared with all other groups except lambs fed ABG. Pelleting the alfalfa hay and barley affect the rumen color to be darker compar...

Kamran A. Awan1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal3

...wing dates and varieties significantly affected yield and yield related traits. Sowing made on November 25 showed higher yield than the expected early sown on November 15 or late sown thereafter on December 5 in season in the region. Overall delay in sowing date i.e. from December 5 onwards resulted in sever losses in biomass and grain yield (GY). On averages of varieties, a decrease in biological- and grain yield was estimated 261 and 89 kg ha-1, reapectively...

Fawad Ali1*, Hidayat Ullah2, Ikhtiar Khan1

...ic acid (AB-DTPA) showed significant differences between the two studied localities. Linear regression analysis indicates that concentration of the heavy metal (Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn) in vegetables are significantly correlated at R2 value of 0.956 at P≤0.001 with their extractable concentration in soil. Health risk index (HRI) has been found>1 for Pb in Abelmoschus esculentus while rest of the heavy metals have been noted...
Naila Chand1,*, Shabana Naz2, Hamza Maris1, Rifat Ullhah Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi1
... betaine supplementation significantly (P< 0.05) improved feed conversion ratio (FCR). Betaine supplementation significantly (P< 0.05) improved dressing percentage. The treatment groups had significantly (P<0.05) lower heterophil number and significantly (P<0.05) higher lymphocytes number than the control group. The heterophil/lymphocytes rat...
Hameeda Kalhoro1, Abdul Malik2,Ghulam Abbas2,*, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Sajjad Ali Shah4and Haleema Kalhoro3
...CR) were found to be non-significant among all treatments (P>0.05). Survival rate were 90% in T1 which was highest than T2 (50%) and T3 (80%). Water quality remained as temperature (25.2 ± 0.20 °C), dissolved oxygen (5.2 ± 0.11mg/L), pH (6.9 ± 0.15), ammonia (0.48 ± 0.02 1mg/L) and hardness (118 ± 2.4 mg/L). Our results indicated that better growth increment can be achieved on squid or ...
Muhammad Tariq Saeed1*, Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid1, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem1, Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema2, Muhammad Shahid1, Abdul-Shakoor1, Abdul-Sattar3
...nd hydration inoculation significantly reduced the time to 50% emergence (E50), mean emergence time (MET) and emergence index (EI) of both soybean varieties. Moreover, osmo priming had no significant effect on E50, MET and EI that was at par with control. On an average, days to maturity (96.42), plant height (25.84 cm), plant population at harvest (25.22), 1000-seed weight (94.97 g), seed yield (1.71 t ...
Shazia Rasheed1,* and Javed Mustaquim2
...tolasmids prevalence was significantly higher in female P. pelagicus (81.2%) than that of male (18.8%) while in case of P. sanguinolentus the prevalence was significantly higher in male (60.5%) rather than female (39.5%).
...

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*, Shah Saud Ahmad and Asif Nawaz 

...areas and hence achieved significant yield of these selected vegetables in the study area. It is suggested that steps should be taken so that the participation of farmers in general body meetings and elections of FSC should be enhanced so that the trust of farmers be developed and they would be able to reach the solution of their problems. Timely availability of vegetable seeds along with subsidy should be ensured so that farmers can avail this opportunity.&nb...

Sadia*, Abdur Rab, Sayyed Hamad Ahmad Shah, Irfan Ullah, Farida Bibi and Islam Zeb

...GA3 application might be significantly reduced the fruit drop and enhanced the growth of guava tree. 

...
Saleem Khan1, Amir Hamza2, Farhadullah Khan3, M. Subhan4, Aziz Khan1, Irfan Ali Shah1, Shakirullah Khan Shakir3*
...ariance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences for radiation treatments, genotypes and interaction for treatments × genotypes regarding plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of bolls plant-1 and yield of cotton seeds plant-1. Higher levels of gamma rays (20 and 25 KR) effected most of the parameters adversely. Significant reduction in plant height was observed for all ...
Javeria1, Masroor Ellahi Babar1,2,*, Akhtar Ali2, Asif Nadeem1, Abdul Wajid1, Sajjad Ali Shah3, Sadaf Rashid4, Muhammad Wasim1 and Muhammad Abdullah1
...spectively. There was no significant difference in age (p-value 0.081), employment status (p-value 0.34) and matrimonial status (p-value 0.28) but there was a significant difference in their education (p-value 0.0002). The prevalence of C allele was 13.5% in disease, 5.83% in controls and found significant with p-value 0.007. These findings suggest that c...
Shabana1,*, Farah Ehsan1 and Shahida Hasnain1,2
...genotyped by PCR-RFLP. A significant difference in genotype distribution was observed between cases (Gly/Gly, 66.9%; Gly/Ser, 20.17%; Ser/Ser, 12.8%) and controls (Gly/Gly, 67.4%; Gly/Ser, 28.5%; Ser/Ser, 4.00%) (p = 0.013). The cases showed significantly higher frequency of the Ser allele compared to the controls (22.9% vs. 18.3%; OR: 1.32, CI: 0.95–1.83, p=0.013). The minor allele (Ser) showed a

Syed Tanveer Shah* and Muhammad Sajid 

...ion and storage duration significantly affected all the studied attributes. More fruit firmness (5.57 and 5.69 kg cm2), less Total soluble solids [TSS] (8.57 and 8.26 °Brix) and TSS-acid ratio (12.62 and 11.48) were recorded by the alone application of calcium chloride at 1.0% calcium concentration, respectively. The effect of calcium sources and concentration on the rest of the quality attributes were found non-significant<...

Abdur Rab1*, Muhammad Sajid1, Naveed Ahmad1, Khalid Nawab2, Syed Ghias Ali3

... rot (BER) incidence but significantly decreased the leaf K+ and Ca content of the fruit and yield. The foliar calcium application decreased the Na+ accumulation, Na+/ K+ ratio and BER incidence as well as increased the leaf K+ and Ca content of tomato fruit, yield and fruit firmness. The interaction of salinity and calcium significantly affected the yield and BER incidence of tomato fruit. Whereas, the yield of tomato decre...

Qudsia Khalid, Safdar Hussain Shah*, Faiza Zaeem and Saad Hussain Shah 

...LiCl adapted line showed significantly higher indices of tolerance than unadapted line at 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM NaCl stress. Adaptation resulted in enhanced accumulation of saturated fatty acids (myristic and stearic acids), while unsaturated fatty acids exhibited variable profiles with enhanced oleic acid and significantly reduced linoleic acid. The regeneration capability of adapted line decreased 10 times (20% to 2%), ...
Muhammad Hannan Ahmed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Abu Bakar M. Raza1, M. Afzal1, A. Khaliq1, Yasir Iftikhar2 and Hafiz Muhammad Aatif3
...raction effect was found significant in Bt varieties but not for non-Bt cultivars. Average thrips population per leaf on various Bt and non-Bt varieties showed that the CIM-557 along with BT-703 had the highest number of thrips density while Bt variety FH-113 had the lowest thrips population per leaf. Similarly, in relation to thermal effect, high thrips population was recorded at 29-35oC but population declined at...
Ambreen Butt1, Uzma Malik2, Khadija Waheed3, Amna Khanum3, Samar Firdous4, Sara Ejaz5 and Fawad Randhawa2, Tania Shakoori6*
...M. Median cobalamin were significantly reduced in cases (108.95±92 pg/mL) as compared to controls (173±90 pg/mL) at p<0.001. Low vitamin B12 levels (β = -0.29, p=0.004) significantly predicted high fasting blood sugar levels in pregnancy even after adjusting for gestational age and gravidity. ROC curve analysis revealed the optimal cutoff point of serum cobalamin for predicting gestational diabetes to b...
Alaeldein M. Abudabos1,*, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Elsayeid O. Swilam1 and Mu’ath Q. Al-Ghadi3
...tor (PEF) did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between Elancoban and natural products. However, treatment had a significant effect on BWG and FCR (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively), chicks which had received Elancoban had the highest BWG (327.9 g) and converted the feed to gain with highest efficiency (1.444 g: g). Challenged birds had longer small intestines and heavier liver as compared to unchallenged birds. Les...
Muhammad Usman Qamar1, 2, Sidrah Saleem1, Usman Arshad1, Muhammad Farhan Rasheed3, Hasan Ejaz4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Shah Jahan6,*
...These isolates displayed significant resistance against commonly used antibiotics including carbapenem and colistin proved to be most effective drug. Manuka honey manifested significant antibacterial activity against all test isolates with almost similar zone of inhibition (7.4mm) except E. cloacae. Highest MIC and MBC of manuka honey was observed against K. pneumoniae (30%v/v) while lowest against A. bauman...
Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Arshad1, Mubasshir Sohail1,2 and Jaime Molina-Ochoa3,4
...d neem oil (82.69%) gave significant control of Varroa mites. With the passage of time, mite mortality percentage increases. Overall, eucalyptus oil at 5ml dose rate gave best result and can be recommended to manage the varroa mite in apiculture.
...

Mohsan Ullah Goraya1,2, Liaqat Ali1,2 and Iqra Younis3  

...ant pathogens that cause significant losses in the poultry industry. However, successful establishment of infection in the respiratory tract switch on the pathogen recognition by innate immune receptors and establish first line of defense against viral infections. When specific cellular receptors recognize a virus they trigger the translation of inflammatory cytokine and chemokines leading to establishment of an antiviral state of the host. In this review, we ...

Muhammad Sohail1, Muhammad Nauman-ul-Islam1, Hayazuddin2*, Imtiaz Ali Shah1, Abdur Raziq1, Subhan Ullah3 and Arsalan Ali Shah1

...k among three groups was significantly (p<0.05) different, however highest milk production (4.8±0.74 liter/day) was recorded for group B, followed by Control (3.6±0.51) and group C (2.4±0.71). Cows in group B produced higher (p<0.05) milk fat percent (5.83±0.107) while control and group C produced 4.98±0.78 and 4.51±0.81 (p>0.05) fat percent respectively. Feeding of different levels of MSC have no
Shahid Hussain Farooqi1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Oneeb2, Amjad Khan3, Amjad Islam Aqib1 and Shakeel Mahmood4
... sex of animal presented significant (P <0.05) association with tick infestation and burden while type of breed showed significant association with tick infestation but was non-significant with tick burden. Topography presented inverse behavior to that of breed with tick burden and tick infestation. On the other hand, geo-location was only factor exhibiting non-...
Rana Muhammad Aadil1,2*, Xin-An Zeng1, Saqib Jabbar3, Akmal Nazir2, Abid Aslam Mann2, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan2, Abdullah2, Amna Ramzan2
...50 MPa/60 °C/3 min), significant reduction was observed in microorganisms, PME and PPO whereas improvement was observed in cloud value, total carotenoids, total anthocyanins, DPPH activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total flavonoids (TF) and total flavonols as equated to thermal and control, while ºBrix, pH and acidity remain unchanged in all HPP treatments with control and thermal. After this, we suggested that HPP treatment (250 MPa/60 °...
Aqsa Qayyum1*, Masooma Munir1, Saeeda Raza1, Mussarat Gillani1, Saima Kanwal1, Nouman Rashid1, Amer Mumtaz1, Naeem Safdar1, Zarmina Gillani2
...ling no. values differed significantly (p < 0.01) among all the treatments of composite flour. Wet and dry gluten content decreased from 22.16 ± 1.58 % (T0) to 16.43 ± 1.32 % (T3) and 7.46 ± 0.47 % (T0) to 5.03 ± 0.38 % (T3) respectively. With increasing percent of pea flour in biscuits, moisture, carbohydrates and caloric value decreased from (1.84% - 1.33%), (62.87% - 54.57%), (525.64...
Nargis Bano and Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*
...is showed drought stress significantly reduced vegetative and reproductive growth, along with various and biochemical attributes, but augmented the leaf proline. SA application significantly increased plant fresh and dry weight, leaf area, proline and decreased root length, number of roots and water use efficiency. SA treatment therefore decreased adverse effect of stress on strawberry plants. Thus the result sugge...
Aqsa Mehboob1, Noor Khan1,*, Usman Atiq1, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Rafia Tayyab1, Syeda Suhaira Batool1, Hafiza Saleha Batool1, Sana Amjad1 and Mehwish Tanveer1 
...ce a day. Results showed significant (P≤0.05) higher growth performance among the three treatment groups. Highest weight gain (5.07±0.72g), increase in total length (24.25±4.31 mm) was observed in T2. Better feed conversion ratio (FCR) 1.8 and specific growth rate 1.4 were observed in T1. Proximate analysis revealed significant differences (P≤0.05) among treatments and control for cr...

Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Wasiullah1 and Wiqar Ahmad

...yanobacteria strains had significantly (p < 0.05) increased the availability of major plant nutrients and SOM under the saline soil conditions. Among the strains, Gloeobacter MMF-4 significantly increased the soil organic matter (SOM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and plant dry weight. Results showed that soil organic matter content improved from 1 to 5.2 g kg-1, NO3-N from 1.9...

Abdus Subhan1, Qudrat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Mansoor2 and M. Jamil Khan

...nd combinations, exerted significant (p≤0.05) variation in plant growth, yield parameters of wheat and water use efficiency. The inorganic fertilizer gave significantly higher total dry matter, grain and straw yield and also due to the greater grain yield the water use efficiency calculated was greater in the NPK treatment. Bulk density, porosity and organic matter were significantly im...
Zia-ur-Rehaman1, Naila Chand1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2,*
... paraoxonase (PON1) were significantly higher (P< 0.05) in TN zone, while serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in HAT zone. No significant differences were recorded in serum antibody titer against ND, PON1 and MDA among different broiler strains in TN zone, while in HAT zone, Ross and Arber Acer showed significantly (P<...

 Zabih Ullah*, H. Rahman and Niaz Muhammad

...variance revealed highly significant differences for all the traits except anthesis silking interval that exhibited non-significant difference among the tested genotypes. Moderate to high broad sense heritability were observed for all the traits. Hybrid, HP1097-21 showed minimum days to tasseling, anthesis, and silking (70.5, 73.0, and 76.5, respectively) and hence proved to be the earliest maturing hybrid. It also had desir...
Rehmat Ullah1*, Kalim Ullah2, Inam Ullah3, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Asif Nawaz1 
...emonstration have highly significant association with provision of new knowledge at (P≤0.01) level of probability. Analysis of variance confirms that most of the farmers with more than 20 hectare land visit the offices of FAs more frequently. Rank Based Quotient technique depicted that the top priority problem identified in the study area was the scarcity of extension staff. It is recommended that public financial support should be increased which are worki...
Mahmood-Ul-Hassan*, Naeem Fiaz, Muhammad Akhlaq Mudassir and Muhammad Yasin
...n January-2013. A highly significant differences were recorded among all the genotypes and harvesting dates for number of sprouts, millable ecane, striped cane yield and sugar yield. The HSF 240 exhibited better yield and qualitative characteristics than others. Whereas, subsequent ratoon of plant crop harvested on 1st February was found to be superior among all harvesting dates for most of traits and genetic potential of genotypes. It was also foun...
Naheed Bano* and Muhammad Afzal
...1000FTU phytase produced significant interaction effect on calcium and phosphorus digestibility and different body contents of L. rohita. Phytase and citric acid increased the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus with improvement in body dry matter, protein, fat, energy and ash contents of L. rohita. Acidification and phytase supplementation showed significant (P < 0.05) interaction on body composition an...

Akerele Dare*, Ashaolu Olumuyiwa Fowowe, Sanusi Rahman Akintayo and Egbetade Adedolapo 

...sitive and statistically significant influence of the amount of fund apportioned to crop (p<0.01) and livestock (p<0.05) subsectors on output growth in the respective subsectors. Likewise, the amount of the fund allocated to fishery subsector on fish output has positive influence on fish output but significant only at 10% level. While increases in the amount of the fund in a given year may substantially raise crop and ...
Nosheen Rafiq1, Asmatullah Kakar2,*, Arshad Ghani3, Asim Iqbal2, Wali Mohammad Achakzai2, Shagufta Sadozai2, Mohammad Shafiq4 and Mohammad Alam Mengal5 
....39%) was observed to be significant at P-value (P < 0.01)  among the three body. Analysis of sex wise tick counting with age of animals revealed positive and significant correlation (P = 0.1145, P < 0.05). The ratio of tick infestation was observed to be insignificant (P < 0.01) among the breeds, with most elevated prepotency in local (88.97%) and cross breeds (13.33%), resp...

Attaullah Ansari* and Nasreen Memon 

...as a strong positive and significant correlation of number of host plant species with the profusion of hoverflies whereas; temperature had a strong negative and significant correlation with the abundance of hoverflies. Moreover relative humidity, rainfall and cloudiness were also negatively correlated with hoverfly population but their correlation was not significant. Habitat wise variatio...
Shengyan Su, Zaijie Dong*, Wenbin Zhu, Lanmei Wang and Jianjun Fu 
... dyads, which there were significant differences in body weight at tagging, but no difference in body weight at harvesting. Among the 36 dyads, 7 had an YN response (19.4%). When the YN effect had a fixed accumulated value, the value reflected its compensatory like growth degree, i.e., no catch-up like growth in one group means no YN effect in one group can be detected. Heilongjiang carp ♂ × Jian carp ♀ (Yj) combination had the highest catch-...
Faiz Muhammad1,*, Syed Khurram Fareed1, Urooj Zafar1, Taseer Ahmed Khan2 and Aqeel Ahmad1
... one of the economically significant disease in commercial poultry industry. This study aimed to develop and optimized a novel tPCR approach to detect Mycoplasma gallispeticum, Mycoplasma synoviae and nonpathogenic mycoplasmas at the same in a single PCR reaction collected from diseased chicken. Direct PCR from the clinical samples produced false negative results. Both culture and PCR were combined as culture-enhanced PCR approach. Three differen...
Rehana Shahida1, Tasnim Farasat1, Shagufta Naz1,* and Shahjahan2
...l. ANOVA revealed highly significant difference of mean among groups and between groups in IL-6, TNF-α, and thrombomodulin (P<0.01).TNF-α showed a strong and positive relationship with insulin and insulin resistance in all the three groups. The expression level of TNF-α was significantly higher in IGT p< 0.01 and diabetes subjects (p<0.01). It was2.44 fold higher in IGT group and 4.5 fold higher in...
Talat Bilal Yasoob and Nasir Ali Tauqir* 
...version ratio (FCR) were significantly (P<0.05) improved in broilers fed all the experimental diets as compared to control during starter and finisher phases. A quadratic response was also observed on the performance of broilers during starter phase. However, a linear effect was seen for feed consumption during finisher phase while quadratic effect was observed for weight gain and FCR in boilers fed different levels of DEB and sodium. At 28 day of ag...

Amjad Ali1*, Sher Aslam Khan2, Abid Farid2, Ayub khan2, Shah Masaud Khan2 and Naushad Ali2 

...election criteria.Highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) differences were found among the genotypes for number of tillers, plant height, cane length,number of nodes, internodes length,number of millablecane and cane yield while non-significant differences were recorded for cane diameter. The effect of genotype and crop interaction was highly significant fornumber of tillers while non-
Jiandong Wu, Miao Ye and Zaigui Wang*
...ated that flavonoids had significant anti-hyperlipidemic activities to rabbits by reducing the content of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and increasing the concentration of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C).
...
Xue-yang Wang1, Shang-zhi Zhang1, Ming-hui Liu2, Dong Yu1, Yan Ma1, Dong-qiong Fei1, Hai-zhong Yu1 and Jia-ping Xu1,*
...expression in hemolymph, significantly high expression levels in 4th instar, moth, and egg, stable high expression levels in the early embryonic development, relatively high expression levels in the 1st day and 5th day of the pupa stage, and highest expression levels in the molting stage. What’s more, BmARM-like protein could be detected by immunofluorescence in all analyzed tissues, including head, midgut, hemolymph, fat...
Nehafta Bibi1, Muhammad Shafiq2, Munawar Saleem Ahmad3 and Haitao Wang1,4,*
...re, individuals consumed significantly greater amount of familiar food in social context than asocial. Our results showed that dominant male Eurasian siskins may reduce neophobia in social context and increase food intake. Present study showed that flocking in the Eurasian siskin and other gathering birds may influence individual fitness.
...
Mahreen Yahya, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem, Muhammad Hamed and Sajid Shokat 
...prid @ 625 ml/ hectare), significantly controlled the aphid population and enhanced the yield of all wheat varieties. The higher aphid infestations in untreated plots resulted in less chlorophyll content and reduced photosynthetic activity. Photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll contents were significantly higher in insecticide treated plots. Maximum cost-benefit ratio was found (1:9.2) in NW-1-8183-8 when treated against aphid...

Inayatullah Jan*, Sajid Khan, Noor Paio Khan and Muhammad Ashfaq 

...he respondents exhibited significant increase, as confirmed by higher t-values. The study concludes that the socio-economic conditions of the farmers can be improved if credit programme is extended which could benefit all farmers in the area. 

...
Tahira*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan and Mubashar Ahmad Khan
...ods per plant had highly significant positive correlation with seed yield. The results of path coefficient analysis indicated that in both years, the direct effects of pod length and number of pods per plant on grain yield were positive and of high magnitude. Finally, it was concluded that the trait pods per plant can be exploited for the improvement of seed yield in rapeseed.
...
Liushuai Hua1,3, Shiping Gong1,*, Xiangjing Zhong2, Jun Tao2, Yu Chen2 and Jieming Deng2 
...uring hibernation have a significant effect on turtle health (P< 0.05), but makes no significant contribution to body weight maintenance. An appropriate water depth (less than three times body height) is helpful for body weight maintenance (P< 0.01) when the ambient temperature is not cold enough for normal hibernation. These findings can provide technical guidance for safe overwintering of big-headed tur...
Boran Karataş, Muhammed Arabaci and Şükrü Önalan*
...xperienced statistically significantly less growth when compared to others (p<0.05). Growth parameters of brown trout in polycultures demonstrated that the best growth was observed in G66K34 polyculture group (p<0.05). Study results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups based on food conversion coefficients and survival rates (p>0.05). As a result, it was determined ...
Ehab Bo Trabi1,2, Xianjun Yuan1, Junfeng Li1, Zhihao Dong1, Assar Ali Shah2 and Tao Shao1,2,*
...silages was analyzed. No significant difference was found between the control and treated groups in term of dry matter (DM), neutral determgent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC). Acetic acid was significantly (P<0.05) low in G2 and G3, while propionic acid and yeast was significantly (P<0.05) low in LAB2. Gas production (GP 72) was
Farid S. Ataya,1,2,* Dalia Fouad,3,4 Ajamaluddin Malik,1 Nikolaos E. Labrou,5 Mohamed S. Daoud1,6 and Hesham M. Saeed7
...ce analysis demonstrated significant differences between amino acid sequence of C. dromedarius and other mammalian GSTP1-1 enzymes. Phylogenetic relationship was studied with different organisms belonging to animal kingdom and revealed that CdGSTP1-1 is grouped with the enzyme from S. scrofa. The 3D homology model of CdGSTP1-1 showed similar fold and topology with the porcine GSTpi enzyme. Gene expression analysis in five camel tiss...
Tahira Perveen1,*, Shaista Emad1, Saara Ahmad2, Zehra Batool1, Sarwat Yousuf1, Sheeza Sheikh1, Sara Qadeer1 and Saida Haider1
...l oil for 3 weeks showed significant antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in FST and EPM, respectively which were comparable to fluoxetine treated group. A significant increased cholesterol levels were observed in fluoxetine treated rats which was not observed in fennel oil treated rats. Therefore, repeated administration of fennel oil may exert antidepressive- and anxiolytic-like behaviors. These effects were found t...
Jianping Li1, Qian Jiang2, Wei Chen2, Yumei Li3, Huaizhi Jiang4, Jinlong Huo5 and Qiaoling Zhang2*
...the black goat, and this significant difference was detected by q-PCR and western blotting. All cashmere goats of different colors examined by immunohistochemical analysis showed either weak (the black cashmere goat) or strong (the white cashmere goat) expression of the KIT protein. These findings suggested a relationship between mutations in KIT exon 13 and differential fur color in cashmere goats. These results lay the foundation for further re...
Mumtaz Akhtar1, Shabana Naz2,*, Muhamamad Iqbal3, Waqar Azeem4 and Mirza Azhar Beg5
...bille at a statistically significant level (P < 0.01). Sex did not seem to be an important factor in this respect. However, interaction of age and sex was statistically significant (F= 6.94; d.f.= 3, 112; P< 0.01).
...
Karim El-Sabrout* and Mohamed H. Khalil
...d results, there were no significant effects of complement LED lighting” after effect on hatchability percent and dead embryos. There were differences observed in chick performance between the two groups, chick weight at hatch was significantly heavier in group of eggs exposed to complement LED lighting during incubation (G2) with high vitality percent than the eggs of G1 (control). We could conclude that providing LED...
Toshina Mushtaq, Muhammad Javed and Sidra Abbas*
...activity was found to be significantly increased both in liver and kidney after ZnCl2 treatments. Statistically significant increase in the liver and kidney peroxidase activity of 96-h LC50 exposed fish were found as 0.621±0.004UmL-1 and 0.219±0.002UmL-1, respectively as compared to the control fish liver (0.123±0.002UmL-1) and kidney (0.056±0...

Muhammad Anas1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2*, Raza Ullah1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Sohail Latif5 

...ower plants m-2 produced significantly higher achene yield than rest of the planting patterns under study. As regard sunflower-mungbean intercropping system all intercrops gave more economic returns than sole cropping of sunflower and mungbean and planting 6 sunflower plants + 30 mungbean plants m-2 proved to be superior with respect to grain yield and net economic return per unit area. Sunflower appeared to be dominant crop as was indicated by its higher valu...
Jing Xin Mao1,2, Guo Wei Wang2, Yuan She Huang3, Rui Wang2, Guo Ze Wang4, Bing Zeng1 and Fu Yuan Zuo1,*
...ence the gene expression significantly.
...
Pei-feng Yin1,2,Xiu-xiu Li1,Qi-wei Zeng3, Cheng-chen Shen1, Le Gao1 andJian-zhang Ton2,*
...le oviposition rate were significantly reduced by infected leaves. Furthermore, to elucidate the molecular resistance mechanism of fruit mulberry “Da10” i.e., popcorn disease, Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionisation time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF MS) and bioinformatics technique were used for characterize the differential expressed proteins. Almost 78 patho-stress responsiv...

Shaista Naz* and Noor Paio Khan 

...eep. Livestock was found significant at household level in two aspects of income provision and of lowering household and farm budget. Livestock income was derived from the sale of milk, milk products (such as yogurt, butter and butter oil), other products (like farm yard manure and dung cakes) and animals which included calves, goats and sheep mainly. The major share of livestock income was accrued from the animal’s sale followed by milk and milk product...

Muhammad Asad1, Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Ramzan Ansar2, Ijaz Ahmad3*, Muhammad Suhaib4 and Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 

...reatments did not differ significantly with respect to wheat grain and biological yields, yet the highest grain yield (3295 kg ha−1) and biological yield (11173 kg ha− 1) were produced by Wheat Star @ 370.5 g ha−1. Based on better weed control and wheat yield, Wheat Star @ 370.5 g ha−1 and Buctril Super @ 741 ml ha−1 are recommended in similar areas where wheat fields are predominantly affected by drought and infested by broad lea...

Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1,2*, Muhammad Tahir2, Abid Ali3, Manzoor Hussain3, Muhammad Waheed Anwar4, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 and Ijaz Ahmad

...ed that both the factors significantly affected all the parameters under study while their interactive effect was non-significant. Among green biomass incorporation treatments, maximum plant height (168.34 cm) cob length (16.32 cm), number of grains per cob (410), 1000-grain weight (200.22 g), biological yield (16.63 t ha-1) grain yield (5.75 t ha-1) harvest index (34.22 %) and grain protein content (8.56%) was obtained with...

Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar1*, Amir Shakeel1, Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Waheed Anwar1, Zoraiz Tanveer1 and Muhammad Fahad Irfan2 

...sis of variance revealed significant differences at 1% level of significance for all traits except fiber fineness. The mean performance of F1 populations were better than parents. Maximum GCV was recorded for number of monopodial branches followed by number of sympodial branches and seed cotton yield. High broad sense heritability estimates were reported for seed cotton yield and all yield contributing traits except fiber quality with high response to selectio...

Haidar Ali* and Malik Muhammad Shafi 

...rated was negatively but significantly related to off-farm employment. Similarly the small farm households of developed villages perform more off-farm employment than the small farm households of underdeveloped villages. This could be associated to the developed means of transport and communications, better education facilities, market facilities as well as availability of off-farm jobs locally. In developed villages of two districts, average per month income ...
Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Yue-Hui Ma2, Ming-Xing Chu2, Jia-Hua Zhang1, Zhong-Quan Zhao1, Hui-Jiang Gao2, Huai-Zhi Jiang3, Di Liu4, Li Liu5, Yan-Bin Zhu6, Wang-Dui Basang6, Luo-Bu Danjiu7, Tian-Wu An8, Xiao-Lin Luo8, Shi-Cheng He7 and Yong-Fu Huang1,*
...les of goat. Of the 1026 significantly differentially expressed, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) found, 419 were upregulated and 607 were downregulated. The DEGs related to 56 GO categories, and pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in 41 of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including signaling pathways regulating the pluripotency of stem cells, the p53 signaling pathw...

Imran Ali Rajput1*, Tajwer Sultana Syed1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Imran Khatri1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2 

...ast decades has played a significant role in suppressing the pest population of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund) which is the main pest of cotton in all over the world. Nevertheless, the indigenous botanical extracts have been used effectively against various sucking pests of cotton but only few studies have been attempted to observe their action against bollworms. Therefore, the present study has been designed to observe the dual action of transgeni...

Imtiaz Ahmed, Muhammad Abbas Khan, Noorullah Khan, Naveed Ahmed, Abdul Waheed, Fazal Yazdan Saleem, Sajjad Khan and Sohail Aslam 

...s that plant spacing had significant impact on the occurrence of rust disease and its severity, yield and yield components. Plants with 10 cm spacing had more disease incidence and severity (79 and 55.66% respectively). Plants with 20 cm spacing had more Bulb weight (99.33 g), Bulb diameter (67.33 mm), clove weight (11.65g) and no of cloves per bulb (12.5); whereas taller plants (54 cm) and maximum bulb yield of 12.85 t ha-1 was recorded in those plots planted...
Fahad Tanveer1, Adnan Afzal2, Muhammad Adeel3*, Sana Shahid4 and Maham Masood5
...ief to this increasingly significant problem. To compare outcomes of sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) versus Maitland manual therapy in improving non-specific neck pain. It was a quasi-experimental study design. The study was conducted in Chaudhary Muhammad Akram, Teaching & Research Hospital, Lahore and Suriya Azeem Teaching Hospital, Lahore within six months from June 2015 to December 2015. A total of 75 subjects with non-specific neck pain us...

Bibi Haleema1*, Abdur Rab1 and Syed Asghar Hussain2 

...Ca, B and Zn also showed significant results for most of the attributes. Therefore, application of Ca (0.6%), B (0.25%), and Zn (0.5%) as a foliar spray can be used alone or in combination to improve growth and fruit production of tomato. 

...

Riaz Alam* and Muhammad Sajid 

...als of air layering also significantly influenced the rooting and growth attributes of olive cultivars. Mid August, proved to be the most favorable time for air-layering in terms of rooting percentage (42.40%), number of root (4.37), root length (4.35 cm), weight (1.68 g), number of re-sprout (3.67) and shoot length (5.61 cm) while late (September 14) and early (July 1) layering responded poorly to all the studied attributes. The response of individual cultiva...
Falah Baiee1,3, Wahid Haron1,*, Rosnina Yusoff1, Ariff Omar,2 Nurhusien Yimer1, Salman Hammadi1, Tarig Ahmedeltayeb1, Asmatullah Kaka4
...ods. Also, there were no significant differences in semen parameters such as sperm volume, motility, morphology, viability, and concentration. In conclusion, gradation of electrical stimulation into three stages (our modified Method II) could help to ease the collection of semen samples from bulls with minimum discomfort signs. Furthermore, the modified method is also recommended to use for other animals, in particular, the wild animals.
...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1,*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...s. Okra cultivars showed significant variations from comparative susceptibility to comparative resistance. On the basis of fruit and shoot infestation caused by H. armigera,Manchali, RK-516, OH-152 and Tarnab Nargis were found comparatively susceptible, Rama Krishna, NS-810, Baharti Kaspori, Lady Finger-1 and Lady Finger-2 showed intermediate resistant reaction while KT-458, Bhindi Punjab Selection, Arka Anamika and Bhindi Sabazpari proved to be compara...
Ibrar Muhammad Khan1, Rifat Ullah Khan1,*, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Tahir Usman2, Adnan Khan1, Zakir Ullah1 and Hamid Rehman1
...ahiwal bulls, which were significantly (P < 0.01) higher compared with the other cattle bulls. High dead sperm percentage (51.87 ± 0.50%), deterioration of plasma membrane integrity (38.29 ± 0.45%), pH (6.83 ±0.01) and DNA integrity (92.45 ± 0.28%) were observed in frozen semen in cross-bred bulls, which showed significant (P < 0.01) differences with the other cattle bulls. The...
Quang Minh Dinh
...vagina ratio was not significantly different within and between seasons, and the parameters of the von Bertalanffy curve of this fish were given as L= 24.15 cm, K = 0.53 yr-1 and t0 = –0.03 yr-1. The longevity (tmax) and the growth performance (Φ’) were 5.56 yrs and 2.50, respectively. The fishing, natural and total mortalities of this fish were...
Qunhua Han1,2, Meiwen Zhang1,*, Cong Guo2, Xunjun Zhou1, Bo Li1 and Yong Wang1
...) between groups was not significant from day 21 while the body weight (BW) difference was significant or highly significant from birth to day 79, for body length (BL), it was significant from day 2 to day 86, and for tail length (TL), it was significant from day 4 to day 58, indicating that HFL reaches mature size ahe...
Anan Kenthaoand Pornpimol Jearranaiprepame*
...MANOVA) indicated highly significant differences in morphometric characters between populations (p <0.01). The first three principal axes of principal component analysis (PCA) explained 49.29% of total variance. The PCA also revealed that morphological variations related to the characters of head depth, body length, body depth, caudal peduncle length and depth. In discriminant function analysis (DFA), the first two discriminant functions accounted fo...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Aly Khan3
...les with (P<0.05). No significant association was found among the occupational groups and parasitic infection (P<0.05). However, shepherds were found more infected than farmers and education concerned. Due to comparative based approach in different occupational communities the present study is of particular importance and interest. Such studies should continue time to time to know the hazardous of potentially important pathogenic parasitic infections par...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Khalid Usman2*, Muhammad Munir3 and Muhammad Sohail Khan

...ected all the parameters significantly. Maximum fruit set of 98.12, 93.14% and fruit yield of 79.43 and 78.80 kg palm-1 were recorded in 2012 and 2013, respectively, from pollination at spathe opening day. Mean values for these parameters decreased when pollination was carried out after spathe opening. Late pollination after 12 days of spathe opening reduced fruit set and yield but improved the overall fruit physico-chemical quality characteristics with maximu...
Ümit Kumbıçak, Zübeyde Kumbıçak* and Gülnare Huseynli
...chromosomes indicated no significant difference between autosomal pairs, however, X3 was the smallest chromosome but X1 and X2 were intermediate in the karyotype.
...
Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Muhammad Shahzad2, Xiaokang Wu3, Chaofeng Ma4 and Jiru Xu1,*
...results indicated that a significant diversity difference between asthma and healthy groups (*P< 0.05), was shown in DGGE profile. Similarity index was found to be lower in inter-group than intra-group that indicated a change in composition of gut flora in asthma patients. Sequencing results also indicated a change of bacterial composition between both groups. qPCR results showed a significant decrease in Bifido...
Muhammad Saqlain1, Humaira Kalsoom1, Muhammad Fiaz1,2, Abid Mahmood1, Rizwan Aziz Qazi4 ,Waseem Safdar5, Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq1,Bernard M.Y. Cheung3 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1,*
...r allele of FABP2 significantly associated with MetS risk in Pakistani population. Our results showed that frequency of the FABP2 54Thr allele was significantly higher (67%) in MetS cases as compared to controls (35%)(p<0.0001). The 54Thr allele carriers were at increased risk of MetS (OR=3.93, CI=2.09-7.39, p<0.0001) and obesity (for each SD change in BMI, OR=2.00, CI=1.73-2.32, p<.0001). Our g...

Rafiullah*, Muhammad Jamal Khan and Dost Muhammad 

... weeks old seedling were significantly increased with each increment of foliar P suggesting effective absorption through leaf stomata and translocation to other parts of the plant body. The plant height, shoot and root dry biomass yield increased by 55, 40 and 35%, respectively, at 144 mM KH2PO4 solution over control. The shoot and root [P] as well as its total uptake by wheat seedlings also showed several times increase over control. Further increase beyond 1...
Hayat Badshah1, Farman Ullah1, Paul-André Calatayud2, Hidayat Ullah3 and Bashir Ahmad1
...arasitism did not differ significantly between different host plants in laboratory and field conditions. In contrast under multiple choice test conditions, the % parasitism (65.00±3.75, 60.00±2.83, 51.88±1.88, 69.38±2.54, 60.63±2.80 under field conditions and 63.13±2.71, 61.25±2.60, 49.38±2.54, 68.13±2.37, 53.75±2.5 under lab condition for okra, tomato, brinal, hibiscus and potato respective...
Serap Gelibolu1,*, Yasemen Yanar2, M. Ayce Genc3 and Ercument Genc4
...sh with MOS-feed shown a significant increase in live weight and protein efficiency rates when were directly compared with mock-treated fish control. However, there was no statistically supported level of significance was observed for growth rates and feed conversion rates among groups. Improved live weight and protein efficiency rates reflected positively on the survival rate in MOS-fed fish. Interestingly, the whole body and fillet fatty acid composition sho...
Saleh S. Alhewairini1,* and Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2
...enhouse conditions was insignificant (P > 0.5, using F-test Graphpad prism 7). Up to 3000 ppm of Huwa-San TR50 reduced the population of N. cucumeris by 11.83 and 17.66% under greenhouse and laboratory conditions, respectively. However, 4000 ppm of Huwa-San TR50 reduced the N. cucumeris population by ~3-fold of the reduction gained with 3000 ppm in both treatments. Moreover, the maximum mortality was held between 3000 and 4000 ppm with no
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...e laboratory, oxamyl had significant effects on the mortality of RPW. After exposure to direct spray of oxamyl, adult mortality was 62, 82 and 100% whereas larvae mortality was 72, 77 and 100% after 1, 24 and 48 h, respectively. Alive adult and larvae were completely paralyzed after 24 hours. There was significant difference between 2 treatments, 1 and 24 h, in both adult and larvae. The mortality of both adult and larvae wa...
Lihong Qin1, Guoliang Zhang1, Chaojie Zhu1, Jian Wu1, Zhihui Zhao2,* and Yumin Zhao1,*
.../FKBP1B-WT group was significantly lower than pmiR-RB-REPORT-DUSP4-mut or PDK4/FKBP1B-mut and negative control groups. Meanwhile, PDK4, DUSP4 and FKBP1B expression levels were down-regulated due to miR-122 and miR-449a overexpression (p<0.01). Moreover, cells proliferation ability was activated after DUSP4, PDK4 and FKBP1B overexpression (p<0.01). Finally, MTT assay results demonstrated that miR...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,* and Syed Shahid Ali3
...le protein contents were significantly increased in all field collected phosphine-tolerant populations with reference to phosphine-susceptible population. Among developmental stages, the 4th instar larvae possessed higher microsomal enzyme activities than 6th instar larvae and adult beetles in all populations. The increased level of microsomal enzymes in phosphine-tolerant populations as compared to susceptible population has pointed some...
Rana Fartab Shoukat1, Shoaib Freed1,*, Kanwar Waqas Ahmad1 and Ateeq-ur-Rehman2
...4). The results showed a significant effect of binary treatments of fungi and chemical insecticides on biological parameters of C. pipiens and its progeny (P<0.05). The insect pathogenic fungi showed compatibility with insecticides and the combined application can improve the management program of C. pipiens.
...
Wanrong Wei and Weiguo Zhang* 
...d length of tunnels were significantly different between the temporary and permanent burrows. Tunnel width and tunnel height were not significantly different between the temporary and permanent burrows. The permanent burrow had a nesting chamber but temporary did not have any. No hoarding chamber was found in either the permanent or the temporary burrow. The temporary burrow was used to avoid predators in emergency situation...

Safdar Ali1*, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Shahid Mehmood2, Asim Gulzar3 , Ijaz Ahmad4 and Bashir Ahmad Khan5 

...oil moisture content was significantly higher at 30-45 cm soil depth as compared to top soil (0-30 cm; P ≤ 0.05). Besides, higher soil moisture content was measured at wheat developmental stage relative to other stages (P ≤ 0.05). Soil porosity was significantly higher and bulk density was significantly lower under two statistically similar treatments, i.e. 1 MBP + 8 CS as well as 1 ...
Faiza Ambreen*1 and Muhammad Javed2
...e mixture. Statistically significant effects for both concentrations and time of exposure in terms of DNA damage were observed in treated fish as compared to control group. The results supported the use of Comet assay for evaluating the toxicity of pollutants which may be used as part of environmental monitoring programs.
...

Irfan1* , Arshad Javid2 , Muhammad Altaf3 , Muhammad Shahbaz3 , and Khalid Javed Iqbal4 

...hatase (ALP) values were significantly (P<0.05) higher 104.86±16.39 iu/L in grower birds. Similarly, the rearing systems also influenced biochemical parameters of M. gallopavo and significantly (P<0.05) higher values for cholesterol 6.18±0.07mmol/L and ALT 31.26±1.67 iu/L were recorded in birds reared under confinement rearing system. Values for globulin 1.92±0.36g/dL and creatinin 0.77&plus...
Sidra Iqbal1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabbsum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
...d model was found highly significant as revealed by their F-values, P-values and R2 values. Results suggest the efficiency of Bacillus subtilis K-18 for cellulase production from eucalyptus leaves and it would be fruitful for future industrial exploitation in all perspectives.

 

...

Muhammad Khalid, Muhammad Naeem*

...value (0.984) shows high significant relationship between total length and wet body weight, while growth pattern was isometric as value of ‘b’ being 2.97 (95% confidence interval of b = 2.840 to 3.092) was very close to ideal slope value (b = 3). Highly significant correlationships (P < 0.001) were found between body weight versus various morphometric characters. The interrelationship of total length to SL, HL...

Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1*, Syed Makhdoom Hussain1, Farhat Jabeen1, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain 2,Sajjad Ahmad3, Abida Ashraf4,Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan1

...f phytase showed clearly significant (p<0.05) enhancement in bioavailability of minerals. Maximum ADC% of minerals was noted at 900 FTU kg-1 level of phytase supplemented MOLM based test diet. By these results, we conclude that addition of phytase at 900 FTU kg-1 level is helpful to develop an eco-friendly and cost-effective fish feed by using MOLM based diet.

...

 Bushra Mazhar1, Nusrat Jahan1, Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Saiqa andleeb2, Shaukat Ali2*

...bacter hormaechei showed significant production of vanillin when inoculated in waste residues of rice bran based media. E. hormaechei produced 5.2 g/l of vanillin in culture media containing ferulic acid as a substrate. Optimum pH for E. hormaechei was 7 and the temperature was 30°C. Using optimum growth conditions and suitable fermentation medium, E. hormaechei can be used at an industrial level as producer of vanillin. Bioconversion of waste residues of ...
Rabia Qurashi, Qurat ul Ane Gillani* and Furhan Iqbal*
 
...ameters did not show any significant variation between the two groups. From amongst serum biochemical parameters triglycerides (P = 0.02) in CGP55845 treated mice showed significant increase compared to the control mice. All other studied parameters remained unaffected indicating that CGP55845 can be injected intraperitonially for the treatment of neurological ailments.
...

Malak Atiq Ullah Khan* and Fida Mohammad 

...iance for G and GEI were significant for almost all traits. Significant GEI suggested that the performance of genotypes was not consistent across environments, revealing strong influence of environments. Generally, GEI explained major portion of total variation and thus had larger effect than G and E on the expression of phenotype for all traits. Average over nine environments, genotype G-79 exhibited maximum values for till...
Rimsha Nawaz1, Muhammad Javed1, Sidra Abbas1* and Safina Kousar2
...e activity was increased significantly in both kidney and liver after exposure to iron chloride in all the treatments as compared to the control group. It was found that enzyme peroxidase had activity of 0.364±0.004 and 0.588±0.004 UmL-1 in the metal stressed fish kidney and liver, respectively while in control fish, the same for both the organs were observed as 0.085±0.002 and 0.112±0.002 UmL-1, respectively.<...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Fakhra Fazal1, Faraz Akrim1, Hira Fatima1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...the two species differed significantly (p < 0.05). Among anatomical parameters, among females, liver weight and heart length of the two species differed significantly (p < 0.05). Among males, significant differences were found between heart length (p < .001), weight of large intestine, stomach, liver and lungs, and weight of right and left testes (p < 0.05) of the two mongoose ...
Faiza Hassan1, Mubshara Saadia1,*, Muhammad Sher1, Mian Anjum Murtaza2, Muhammad Arshad3,Asam Riaz4 and Mahmood Ahmad Khan5
... extracts have shown the significant (p<0.001) hypoglycemic activity with no considerable effect on mean body weight of rats (ns, p>0.05) as compared to diabetic rats. The AGE treatment has significantly reduced the blood glucose level (56%), however, the EGE treatment was found effective in normalizing the lipid contents of diabetic rats. The black cumin oil treatment has resulted in significa...
Abu ul Hassan Faiz1,*, Fakhar-i-Abbas2 and Lariab Zahra Faiz2
... other soil types differ significantly (P≤ 0.05). The statistical results of this study found the following habitat preference of the species: clay loam for N. indica, sand for Mus musculus and Mus booduga, respectively, loam for Tatera indica and silty clay loam for Golunda ellioti and Millarda meltada, respectively. The PCA results indicate loam as a preferred soil type for N indica and T. indica<...

Soraya Khosravian Dehordi*, Abdolnaser Mohebbi and Kahin Shahanipour

...ll groups did not differ significantly. The values of SOD and GPx were reduced in splenic tissue of Cd-intoxicated rats, but the nano-Se was able improve these undesirable effects. However, these findings imply that the nano-Se could be an efficient material in cases of Cd-intoxication.

...

Ayesha Aihetasham*, Faiza Qayyum and Muhammad Xaaceph

...mption in all groups was significantly lower than control.

...

 Mohammed Mahbub Iqbal*, Mehedi Hasan Kanon, Mohammad Amzad Hossain, Abul Hossain, Shamima Nasren, Md. Jahidul Islam, Md. Arifur Rahman

...ss index was found to be significant (<0.05) among the months. It revealed from the survey that 8 indigenous species which were previously available but not found for 3 to 12 years in the study area. As 5 vulnerable, 7 endangered and 1 critically endangered fish species were available in the study area that is why it is needed to be conserved these species in situ to keep for the use of future generation.

...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Sara Ferrando4 and Lorenzo Gallus
...wed that fish growth was significantly (P<0.05) higher in term of weight gain, WG % of initial weight, mean daily WG, SGR, feed conversion and survival rate from 15‰ to 30‰ salinity than those reared in 35‰ and 40‰ salinity. Condition factor was found to be significantly higher on 40‰ salinity than 15‰ to 35‰ salinity. Feed conversion ratio remained non-
Zia ur Rehman1, Naila Chand1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi3
...erature. In the TN zone, significantly (P< 0.05) higher feed intake and weight gain were recorded on day 21, 28, 35 and 42. Feed intake in TN zone was 3.02, 9.79, 9.74 and 12.14 % higher than feed intake recorded on the corresponding days in HAT while weight gain in thermoneutral zone was 9.28, 15.25, 17.48, and 15.62 % higher than weight gain recorded on the corresponding days in HAT. On day 21, 28, 35 and 42 significant...
Yakut Gevrekçi* and Çiğdem Takma
...predictor variables were significantly changed from 0.88 to -0.65. Age of sexual maturity was found the most predictor variable that affecting EP and it was followed by hatching period. Lower values for goodness of fit criteria were obtained by CHAID algorithm, indicating that this algorithm fits better. Regression tree analysis displayed visual information about the relations among predictor variables. As a result, decision tree analysis is necessary to provi...
Amjad Khan1,*, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq1, Mansur ud Din Ahmad1, Jawad Nazir1, Zahida Fatima2, Asghar Khan3 and Shahid Hussain Farooqi3
...f the equine” were significantly (P<0.05) associated with seroprevalence of EIV. Our findings of the EIV occurrence in equine population in Pakistan, suggests an under-diagnosis of this virus in Pakistan and warrant additional investigation and continuous surveillance at the molecular level to identify circulating strains for control and prevention of future outbreaks.
...
Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Saima Masood1,*, Hafsa Zaneb1, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Asim Aslam3, Kamran Ashraf4, Habib-ur-Rehman5, Muti-ur-Rehman3 and Muhammad Shabir Shaheen6
...t and carcass yield were significantly high (p < 0.05) in MOS+OAB compared to MOSG, OABG and CONT. The results of small intestine microarchitecture showed that villus length, villus width, villus to crypt ratio, villus surface area, acidic, mixed and total goblet cells increased significantly (p < 0.05) in birds that were fed MOS and OAB alone and in combination whereas crypt depth decreased si...
Qamar-un-Nisa1, Muhammad Younus2,*, Muti-ur-Rehman1, Azhar Maqbool3 and Sajid Umar4

 

...l signs, associated with significant higher mortality and respiratory organ abnormalities, in comparison with the mono-infected groups (P<0.05). There was a non-significant (P>0.05) effect of the inoculation time intervals between vNDV and E. coli inoculation (none or 3 days). Microscopic lesions staining supported clinical and macroscopic findings. Higher virus shedding (P<0.05) in oropharyngeal swabs was ob...
Tania Ahmed Shakoori1,*, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Asif Hanif2, Saima Mukhtar3 and Ayesha Ghauri4 
...quent exacerbations were significant (p< 0.001). The model in which mid maximal expiratory flow was used as a surrogate marker for lung function, accounted for the change in the dependent variable to the greatest degree (Adjusted R2= 0.38, p< 0.001). Overall the three models consistently showed that positive family history, high body mass index, heavy smoking, poor lung function (mid maximal expiratory flow/FEF2575, FEV1 and FVC), older age an...

Muhammad Tariq1*, Muhammad Khawar Hussain1, Zilakat Khan Malik2 and Noor Jehan1 

... availability can play a significant role in increasing the output efficiency of strawberry farmers in the study area. 

...

Waqas Liaqat1, Mohammad Akmal1* and Jawad Ali 

...Berseem harvesting has a significant decrease (p<0.05) in production. Nonetheless, sowing made in August is unable to mature grains properly. The yield losses rate relatively expands from July 15 onwards for maize in Peshawar valley. Sowing maize later from June month in season is superior to opt for hybrid maize variety SB-909 and SB-92K97 in the Peshawar region. 

...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Sara Ferrando4, Lorenzo Gallus4 and Syed Sajjad A. Shah2,3
...n salinity of 0%-15% and significantly decreased on 20‰ and 25‰. The eggs per gram body weight were also recorded in all treatments and highest eggs were obtained i.e. 4.0-4.3 per female on 0‰-15‰. Water temperature (28.02±0.12°C), dissolved oxygen (6.4±0.02 mg/L), pH (7.47±0.04) and ammonia (less than 0.022±0.001 mg/L) were monitored throughout the study period. Water quality parameters remain...

Syed Asif Imran Shah1*, Shah Jehan Khan2, Kalim Ullah1 and Obaid Ullah Sayal

...sis of variance depicted significant (P>0.01) genetic variability among cotton germplasm. Highest and close symmetry between phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variances while lower values of environmental coefficient variance were observed for all the studied attributes which reflected that these traits were genetically controlled and under less influence of environment. Higher broad sense heritability and expected genetic advance reflected that all a...
Tasleem Akhtar*, Muhammad Asif Aziz, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Sheraz Ahmedand Imran Bodlah
...emperature had a strong, significant and positive correlation with the foraging activity of A. mellifera on B. napus (r= 0.766; P= 0.0037 **), whereas relative humidity and rainfall had significantly negative correlation (r= -0.759; P= 0.0041 **, r= -0.715; P= 0.0089 **).
...

Muhammad Luqman1,3, Raheel Saqib2*, Xu Shiwei3 and Yu Wen3 

...lts showed that there is significant difference in age and educational status of male heads and their spouses. Majority of the farm families (39.3%) earn income for their livelihoods both from farming and non-farming sources. Intensity of participation of female respondents in different crops and livestock activities was comparatively high as compared to their male counterparts. It was found that average daily share of female in crops related activities was 42...

Imran Khan*, Zahir Shah, Wiqar Ahmad, Farmanullah Khan and Muhammad Sharif 

...micronutrient status was significant, however, variations in physical properties were negligible. The Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn contents were 23, 11, 38 and 33% higher in ST than DT soil, respectively. Significantly higher OM in ST than DT soil is supporting these results where in their respective regression showed r2 values of 0.4, 0.22, 0.22 and 0.24 in ST and 0.24, 0.12, 0.55 and 0.33 in DT soil. The INM5:75,10:50, 15:25 recorded...

Ronaq Zaman*, Shahid Ali and Inam Ullah 

...ndicated that there were significant structural breaks across the sampled farms. Based on these findings three different model was estimated for small, medium and large farms, respectively. The mean calculated technical efficiencies for small, medium and large farms were respectively 0.76, 0.96 and 0.92. This implies that the medium size farms in the study area were the most efficient in resource utilization as compared to small and large size farms whereas th...
Senol Celik1,* and Orhan Yilmaz2
...and chest depth (CD) can significant effect the body weight. Quantitatively, it was identified that values of WH > 62.500 cm and RH > 67.500 cm can positively correlated with the highest body weights. On the other hands, MARS model’s finding showed that the dogs which had the values of WH > 51 cm can be expected to have the highest body weights. The calculated model evaluation criteria of CART algorithm was R2=0.6889, Adj. R2=0.6810, r=0.830, SD...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Ghulam Dastagir4, Sara Ferrando5, Lorenzo Gallus5, Asad Ali Muhammad1,6, Abdul Jabbar2 and Khalil-ur-Rehman2 
...20‰ salinity were significantly highest in term of weight gain, WG % of initial weight, daily weight gain, specific growth rate, condition factor and survival rate than those reared on 25‰ and 30‰. Feed conversion ratio was found similar in all levels which is not significantly different (P> 0.05). Whole body composition i.e. protein (53.16% – 53.26%), moisture (71.16% – 71.2...
John Martin Fischer
...how they are the same in significant ways.
...

Muhammad Ijaz Khan* and Amanullah Jan 

...ed by irrigation regimes significantly. Higher crop growth rate, leaf area plant, plant height, biological yield (above ground parts of the plant), grain and straw N contents were found in five times irrigated plots as compared with lower irrigation regime. Results showed that growth characteristics and quality of maize were significantly affected by soil conditioners (SC). Farmyard manure incorporation produced

Aqsa Waqar1, Sahir Hameed Khattak2, Sania Begum2*, Tayyaba Rehman1, Rabia1, Armghan Shehzad2, Wajya Ajmal2, Syeda Shahdana Zia2, Iqra Siddiqi2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali2* 

...iiformis), is a globally significant disease of wheat. Stripe rust was primarily considered a disease of cooler climate (2°C - 15°C), upper altitudes and northern latitudes, but current epidemics of the disease have confronted this supposition because fresh strains have greater adaptation to higher temperatures and countries closer to the equator. Crop damages can reach 50 - 100%, due to infected plants and shriveled grain. These problems can be overco...

Afsheen Masood1*, Rubab Musarrat2, Shama Mazahir3 and Adeela Ashraf4  

...ildren with leukemia was significantly lower than the parents of normal cohort. Further it was indicated by the correlation analysis that better greater satisfaction was associated with better quality of life. The findings carry significant implications for clinical professionals, health psychologists, community workers and the future researchers. 

...

Arooj Fatima1* and Ashfaq Ahmed

...-values were found to be significant for VAS (0.001) and for DASH (0.000). The paired sample t-test was applied in two sub groups of group A and similarly in group-B. The values were statistically significant i.e., 0.001 for VAS, 0.000 for DASH. P-values obtained for VAS (0.001) and DASH (0.000) when repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied comparing four sub groups. Eccentric exercises give better results i...

Zehra Mohsin1*, Sarah Shahed2 and Talat Sohail

..., age and experience had significant positive correlation with compassion fatigue, r =.252, n=160, p <.01 and r =.256, n=160, p <.01 respectively. Other demographic variables i.e. working hours and monthly income had no significant relationship with the subscales of Professional Quality of Life (compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout). Perceived Social Support had a significant...

Uzma Zahid 

...e females. Findings show significant correlation of career aspiration with life satisfaction, as well as of its educational subscale and life satisfaction. There was a non-significant correlation of achievement and leadership subscales of career aspiration with life-satisfaction. Medical students who are more aspired towards their career seem to be more satisfied in their life. Moreover, medical students were more interested...

Attia Anwar1, Sajida Malik2*, Zobia Usman1 and Sadia Chiragh3 

...706; 0.05 was considered significant. After 24 weeks of treatment with berberine hydrochloride, no significant differences were observed in Hb%, platelet count, liver enzymes and RFTs between two groups. There was a significant increase in RBC count and reduction in serum uric acid and WBC count in experimental group as compared to control group. There were no sign...

Bashir Ahmad1*, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Hayad Zada2, Shahid Sattar1, Toheed Iqbal3, Saddam Hussain1 and Muhammad Saeed4 

...minimum temp showed non- significant negative and positive association (r=-0.32 and 0.07) with population of P. xylostella respectively. Similarly R.H (r=0.89) exhibited positive highly significant whereas RF (r=-0.96) showed negative highly significant relationship with P. xylostella during the year 2012. Likewise, during the year 2013, mean maximum temperature showed non-

Shahid Iqbal1*, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Mushtaq Ahmad Jadoon3 and Intikhab Alam3 

... study findings reveal a significant difference in the area under wheat, maize and vegetables after the flood. At the same time, the area under sugarcane and fodder had also decreased to some extent. Similarly, the use of chemical fertilizers and farm yard manure was also decreased due to decrease in the income of the households after the floods-2010 while an increase, though non-significant, was reported with respect to use...

Fazal Ullah1*, Muhammad Sajid1, Syeda Leeda Gul2, Bibi Zainub1 and Maaz Khan

... Hot water dipping times significantly affected the quality parameters of Sherkhana-I sweet orange fruits. The fruits of sweet orange having hot water dipping time of 15 minutes showed the maximum fruit juice content (51.07%), volume (141.94 ml), firmness (2.41 Kg.cm-2), acidity (1.50%) and ascorbic acid (34.50%). The storage durations also had significant effects on the quality attributes of sweet orange. However the maximu...
Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman1,Farzana Abbas2,Ghulam Abbas3,*, Arshad Javid4, Ali Hussain4, Syedah Andleeb5,Khalid Javed Iqbal6 and Muhammad Akmal1

 

...ighest weight, which was significantly higher than T1,T2 and control. Specific growth rates were not significant among treatments. Egg composition showed slight and statistically non-discernable variations. Same trend was observed when broodstock was subjected to analytical tests. Though there was slight increase in lipid and protein composition but statistically remained non-si...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
... were confirmed MDR. Non-significantly higher prevalence of MDR was noted in Cholistan area (38.38%) than to that of Sulaiman Range (29.98%) on subclinical mastitis samples basis Similarly 66.36% of S. aureus isolates from Cholistan area and 61.18% from Suleiman Range were presented themselves as MDR. Oxacillin, Cefoxitin and Ampicillin faced 100% resistance while Vancomycin, Cefixime and Cefotaxime had >78 % of resistance from MDR isolates from both...
Kashif Prince1,*, M. Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad3,Rais Ahmed2, Aamerzish Mushtaq4, Sajid Umar4 and Yung-Fu Chang5
...ttle and buffaloes) were significantly (χ2=23.042, df=1, p<0.05) associated with selenium deficiency. The highest rates (90.62 %) of selenium deficient animals were observed in village Nathoki of tehsil Kasur. The risk factors such as Gender (χ2=11.31, df=1, p<0.05), feed components (χ2=4.47, df=1, p<0.05) and high or low milk production (χ2=36.42, df=3, p<0.05) are <...
Samra Imran1,* and Afifa Tanweer2
... first year of life, had significantly healthier body dimensions. Higher family income, female gender and greater meal satisfaction was found to be associated with better biochemical indices. Most participants reported partial compliance to GFD. Compliant participants reported an increased consumption of junk food whereas, non-compliant patients, consumed significantly higher intakes of meat and fat. Regular intake of carbon...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz3
... (0.3157, P<0.05). No significant association was found among the occupational groups and parasitic infection (0.3089, P<0.05). However, shepherds were found more infected than farmers and education concerned. Due to comparative based approach in different occupational groups the present study is of particular interest. Such studies should be continue time to time to know the hazardous of potentially important pathogenic parasitic infections particularly...
Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1*, Abid Ali2, Manzoor Hussain2, Saadia3, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Sohail Latif6
...both the factors was non-significant for all the observed parameters. Considering the individual effect of fertilizer combinations, maximum number of productive tillers m-2 (392.3), number of grains per spike (45.27), 1000-grain weight (44.04 g), biological yield (14.11 t ha-1), grain yield (5.40 t ha-1) protein contents (12.52%), nitrogen (28.22kg kg-1), phosphorus (34.85 kg kg-1) and potassium (47.40 kg ...

Noreen Rasul1*, Madeeha Rashid2, Aqeela Abbas1 and Rubina Sohail

...lthcare facilities as it significantly reduces neonatal mortality. 

...
Ali Murad Rahoo,1,2,* Tariq Mukhtar,1,3 Shoukat Ibrahim Abro,4 Barkat Ali Bughio5 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo6
...G. mellonella was significantly affected by nematode species. Significantly higher numbers of IJ were produced by Heterorhabditid species than Steinernematid species in the cadaver. The production of IJ was the maximum in the case of H. bacteriophora which was not statistically different form H. indica. Minimum IJ were produced by S. feltiae. The IJ produced by S. kraussei and S. carpoca...

Ayesha Saeed*, Mobina Naqvi and Ahsan Javed 

...ion analysis indicated a significant association (AOR 16.076, CI=2.381-108.564, p=0.004).Based on these studies, it was concluded that food insecurity in pregnancy is associated with low birth weight in neonates. Antenatal screening of food insecurity and timely provision food supplements through social welfare can help reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality. 

...

Abida Sajid* and Aqsam Sajid 

...migravida. Statistically significant relationship was found between maternal age, education and socio economic status. Anemia in pregnancy nowadays is still a common problem in adolescent and young primigravida and associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Prompt measure should be taken by the stake holders at local and national level to prevent and treat this problem in order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with it. 

...

Zahid Akram, Saif Ullah Ajmal, Ghulam Shabbir, Muhammad Munir and Nasir Mahmood Cheema

INHERITANCE MECHANISM OF SOME YIELD COMPONENTS IN BREAD WHEAT
...1 and their parents were significantly different for all the parameters. Uniformity of Wr-Vr over arrays as well as significant deviation of regression coefficient (b) from unity confirmed the suitability of additive-dominance model to account for the data analysis. The estimates of genetic component of variation in all the traits exhibited the preponderance of
over dominance gene action. The estimates of average...

Parvez Khaliq*, Muhammad Azim Malik** and M. Aslam Gill***

EFFECT OF CROPPING SYSTEMS, TILLAGE PRACTICES AND FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON WHEAT STAND ESTABLISHMENT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
... stand establishment was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the fallow-wheat cropping system compared to maize-wheat, mungbean-wheat, and cowpea-wheat system. Tillage practices (shallow and deep) and fertilizer treatments {recommended dose of fertilizer (F); fertilizer + manure (F+FYM); manure only (FYM) and control (C)} did not show significant effect on both emergence and emergence rate index. Overall,

S. M. I. Hossain*, S. U. K. Eusufzai and M. A. Rahman**

...performance and produced significantly higher yield among the selected varieties. Hence sugarcane varieties Isd 31, Isd 32, Isd 33 and Isd 34 may be cultivated with potential yield in clay loam soil by providing 4 to 5 irrigations at an interval of 21-42 days in addition to two live irrigations at 0 and 14 days after transplanting when soil bed settlings are used as planting material.

...

Muhammad Iqbal, Jalal-ud-Din*, Muhammad Munir** and Mohibullah Khan***

... The male palms differed significantly in days to spathe opening. The M6 took significantly maximum time for spathe opening while the least time was noticed in M13. The significantly longest spathes were found in M10 whereas the M12 possessed spathes of maximum width. The greatest flower spike length was observed in M8. Male palms did not differ significant<...

Saeeda Raza, Muhammad Naeem Safdar, Amer Mumtaz, Nouman Siddiqui, Khalid Nasim and Muhammad Amjad*

...leptically preferred. No significant change in moisture content, peroxide value and free fatty acid were observed during three months storage in double polyethylene bags at ambient temperature (20-25 ºC).

...

Ata-ul-Mohsin*, Ehsan-ul-Haq** and Muhammad Naeemullah*

...er” did not have a significant effect on the growth and development of the aphid or its parasitoid. However, the mean fecundity of the parasitoid was higher on plants with high phosphorus than those treated with high calcium concentrations.

...

Raania Ahsan* and Zafar Altaf**

...ry. Bt cotton can play a significant role to enhance agricultural productivity as the productivity of cotton in Pakistan 0.5 t ha-1, as compared productivity of Bt cotton in China 9 t ha_1, which implies a huge cotton productivity gap. This gap can be narrowed down by the adoption of Bt cotton in Pakistan which will have major impact on food security efforts in the country. The findings of literature review revealed that Bt technology ...

Golam Moula* and Sayedur Rahman**

...e is a highly positively significant relationship between root and shoot length at 0.01% level of significance. The overall percentage of seed germination (mean ± SD) was 41.48 ± 5.63. However, further trial with the germinated seedlings is necessary to explore its viable potentiality at the field level.

...

 Z. A. Soomro, M.B. Kumbhar, A.S. Larik*, M. Imran** and S.A. Brohi***

...ongwith parents differed significantly (P < 0.01) and exhibited genetic variability among the genotypes for all the traits except sympodia/plant. Genetic parameters computed through variance components method show that all the traits were highly heritable in F2 and F3 generations except sympodia/plant, indicating quantitative pattern of inheritance, offering better chances of selection for these traits in F2 and F3 generations. The traits namely plant heigh...

 Muhammad Asim, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Munir* and Muhammad Aslam**

...ant, NODI-3. There was a significant difference in the percent uptake of 3H-ABA between the two varieties both in inoculated and uninoculated plants. A marked difference in the percent distribution of 3H-ABA between different parts of the plants was observed at different developmental phases of root nodules. Leaves of NODI-3 retained more radioactivity as compared to Williams-82 in inoculated as well as uninoculated plants. The stem and roots of Williams-82 pl...

Haq Nawaz Malik*, Iffat Ara**, Muhammad Naeem, Mozammil Hussain, M. Hanif Munawwar and M. Yousaf

 Mohammad Siddique Munawar, Shazia Raja, Elizabeth Stephen Waghchoure* and Muhammad Barkat**

... treated colonies showed significant difference from untreated colonies (t test, P< 0.005) and moribund colonies got recovered with increased bee population while the control colonies collapsed. It is therefore concluded that shook swarm method should be incorporated for prevention as well as curing of AFB.

...

Hassnain Shah, Hina Riaz, Nadeem Akmal , Muhammad Sharif* and Abdul Majid**

...er adult animal unit has significantly declined from 0.067 ha to 0.035 ha and production declined from 1.31t to 0.80t from 1986 to 2006. Inadequate nutrition is one of the major constraints limiting livestock production in the country. Feed accounts for almost 70% of total cost of production of milk or meat. The trend for concentrate feeding to livestock is changing from the conventional concentrate feeding to a formulated compound feed. Considering the import...

 Sikander Khan Tanveer, Shaheena Yasmin, Imtiaz Hussain, M.Yaqub Mujahid*, Muhammad Munir and Muhammad Asif**

...P and FYM, statistically significant differences in biological yield, grain yield and yield components of wheat were recorded. Maximum wheat grain yield of 4083 kg ha-1 was obtained with the application of full fertilizer and FYM. Minimum grain yield and biological yield were recorded with no fertilizer and only FYM application. Different combinations of fertilizer NP with and without FYM did not have any significant effect ...

 Zafar Khokhar*, Imtiaz Hussain**, Badruddin Khokhar* and Muhammad Sohail**

...eat genotype, V-7002 had significantly (P<0.05) higher grain yield of 5578 kg ha-1 in comparison with other genotypes. Whereas genotype MPT-6 had grain yield of 5366 kg ha-1 that was also significantly higher than other genotypes. However, V- 7004 had minimum grain yield of 4716 kg ha-1 in comparison with other genotypes. While evaluating performance of different genotypes on different sowing dates, V-7002 resulted in max...

 Badaruddin Khokhar*, Imtiaz Hussain** and Zafar Khokhar*

...ould improve wheat yield significantly. A study was conducted during 2000–2002 to determine effect of different irrigation levels on growth and yield of different wheat genotypes in the province of Sindh. The trial was laid out in split block design at Wheat Research Institute, Sindh, Sakrand, in which four irrigation treatments I3 (irrigation at crown root, booting and soft dough stage), I4 (irrigation at crown root, tillering, booting and soft dough st...

 Rahmat Ullah Khan, Abdur Rashid*, Mohammad Sohail Khan** and Erdogan Ozturk***

...g ha-1 HA alone produced significantly (P<0.05) higher grain yield (2999.9 kg ha-1) and increased the yield by 24% over the control and saved 100% cost of the chemical fertilizer. Results suggested that HA applied alone at 3 kg ha-1 or in combination with half (30:20 kg ha-1) rate of NP fertilizers appeared to be the most economical rate to obtain the maximum yield of wheat under the rainfed conditions of Dera Ismail Khan. HA has great potential as a low co...

Aslam Memon, A. M. Khushk* and Umer Farooq**

...a Province (KP) captured significantly large area than other varieties. Based on varietal adoption indicators, although improvements were registered for most of the indicators, however, their magnitude was quite small indicating slowness of varietal diffusion. Very high variations in varietal diffusion indicators were also observed across provinces, farm size and tenancy status categories.In conclusion, despite that major proportion of total sugarcane area was...

 Abdullah Adil Ansari* and Kumar Sukhraj**

...ra during trial showed a significantly greater response in VW+VC compared with the control by 64.27 %. The fruits have a greater percentage of fats and protein content in VW+VC when compared with those grown with chemical fertilizers by 23.86% and 19.86%, respectively. The combination treatment [VW+VC] also have a significant influence on the biochemical characteristics of the soil with marked improvement in soil micronutrie...

 S. Shahid Shaukat*, Mian Sayed**, Aly Khan, M. Azhar Khan* and Babar Qazi***

...cides and plant extracts significantly reduced the population densities of all three nematodes. Carbofuran was most effective against all the nematodes. Apart from other three treatments, Tridax procumbens emerged as an effective phytonematicide. Helicotylenchus indicus, Rotylenchulus reniformis and Meloidogyne incognita had similar population density levels and were more or less equally suppressed by all the treatments in the order: Carbofuran > Tridax pro...

Tariq Mahmood, M. Sudheer Tariq, Khalid Mahmood Khokar, Hidayatullah and Syed Ijaz Hussain*

...(2000: 1 a.i w/w) gave a significantly higher yield of 18.07 and 18.63 t ha-1 in cucumber, respectively.

...

 Oguz Bilgin, Kayihan Z. Korkut, Alpay Balkan, and Ismet Baser*

...eeding programme. Highly significant genetic variability was present in parents and their genetic combinations for the characters. The degree and direction of heterosis varied for different characters and for different hybrids. The highest heterosis over mid and better parents (120.14-109.93%) was recorded in hybrid of Kyzyltan91xIDSN209 for grain weight/spike. Maximum limits of heterosis over mid and better parent for spike length, spikelets/spike, grains/spi...

 M. Yasin Mirza, Mubashir A. Khan, M. Akmal, Akbar S. Mohmand, Malik S. Nawaz, Nazakat Nawaz and Najeeb Ullah*

...asons were statistically significant for plant height, number bolls plant-1, 1000-seed weight and seed yield hectare-1. These studies were conducted at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan during rabi 2002-03, 2003-04 and 2004-05. Pooled genotypic and phenotypic variances were maximum for seed yield and minimum for 1000-seed weight. Genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation were observed maximum for seed y...

 Ashiq Saleem, Habib Iqbal Javed, Rashid Saleem,* Muhammad Ansar** and M. Amir Zia*

... except plant height had significant effect in both maize and sorghum. Days to 50% silk in maize are significantly affected by potash when compared with control treatment, but there was no significant effect between single, two and three splits. The grain yields of these two crops increased significantly at K2O level of 120 kgha-1 with three splits. Leve...

 Muhammad Azeem Khan*, Abid Hussain, Irfan Mehmood and Sonila Hassan **

...sitive and statistically significant (except for wheat crop at Attock). This means that an increase in rainfall contribute positively towards area under major crops and their production and vice-versa. Farmers perceived a major change in climate at Kohat and a minor change at Attock over time. They reported unsustainability in production practices at Kohat and water management practices at both sites. Main strategies adopted by the farmers to mitigate the effe...

 Muhammad Afzal, Sarfraz Ahmad , Abdul Salam Baloch* and Qazi Bashir Ahmad**

...ndicated that there were significant differences in prices among seasons. The seasons considered in the study were Eid-ul-Azha, Ramadan, and severe feed shortage period. The prices were the highest at Eid-ul - zha followed by Ramadan and feed shortage (winter) season. The explanatory power of the model was considered adequate as the factors included in the model accounted for 76% of the price variation at Quetta market. Producers should consider major marketin...

Sana Qanber Abbasi1*, Ejaz Ahmed2 and Rabia Sattar1 

...f < 0.05 was taken as significant. Serum pro BNP levels were raised in migraine patients and also in hypertensive patients with migraine (p-value 0.00). Serum pro BNP levels were found to be raised in both migraineurs and hypertensive migraineurs but the increase was not equal. 

...

Halima Shoukat1*, Hafiz Sheraz Arshad2, Faiza Sharif1, Arooj Fatima1 and Filza Shoukat

...ound to be statistically significant (p<0.001) for static stretching techniques with 30s, 60s, 90s holding times, respectively. Based on these finding, it is plausible to conclude that application of static stretching at holding times of 30, 60 and 90 seconds can significantly improve the ROM of knee extension. Stretching techniques with different holding times were equally effective in improving knee extension and gainin...
Maryyum Khalil1, Hamda Azmat1,*, Noor Khan1, Arshad Javid2, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain3, Asim Ullah1 and Sumaira Abbas1
...ecorded. Growth rate was significantly increased in fish fed with enzyme supplemented diets in comparison with control group. The maximum increase in growth rate was recorded in treatment # 2. Highest protein contents 68.18% was observed in treatment # 3 (0.75g kg-1 α-amylase). Specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and condition factor (CF) were higher in all enzyme supplemented groups as compared to control group (p<0.05)...
Nay Naing Htoo1, Basit Zeshan1,2,*, Aung Tun Khaing1, Than Kyaw1, Erkihun Aklilu Woldegiorgis1 and Mohd Azam Khan1
...50.54µm), were not significantly different from CF (3.81mm2, 49.26µm) (P>0.05) but it was significantly different from kids in DM group (1.17mm2, 26.36µm) (P<0.05). The rumen papillary surface area and keratinized layer were also significantly different between CF and DM (P<0.05). The rumen of kids from CFR group had higher sub-mucosa layer ...
Promy Virk
...lycemic effect which was significantly better than all other treated groups. The results on serum ALT, creatinine levels and blood urea also showed a comparable ameliorative effect of both the bulk Trigonella seed extract (TBN) and the green nanocomposite (TN), being more efficacious than metformin. Thus, the green synthesis and application of the Au/Ag nanoparticles offer a novel approach in nanomedicine for diabetes management.
...
Abul Hassan Faiz*, Fakhar-i-Abbas and Lariab Zahra Faiz
...ssium contents. We found significant differences (mound soil and undisturbed soil) in % water saturation, electrical conductivity (E/C), pH, organic matter, phosphorus, potassium and biomass in all types of soil. A Chi-Square Q-Q plot was applied to test for the normality of data, and a one-way ANOVA without interaction was used for the different soil types (mound and undisturbed soil) to examine the effects of rat burrowing activity on, plant biomass, saturat...
Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*, Anum Feroz1, Ayesha Gondal1,Sahar Akram2 and Tanzeela Riaz3
...othrin (LC20) significantly increased the contents of free amino acids and soluble proteins while contents of total proteins, lipids, glycogen and trehalose were significantly reduced with reference to their control (untreated group). Among carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, the activities of amylase and invertase were significantly reduced while activity of trehalase were
Ambrina Hafiz1, Tanzeela Riaz2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*

 

... Okara and D.G. Khan was significantly increased as compared to susceptible population of T. granarium (population never exposed to any kind of insecticide/fumigant since 2001). Different developmental stages possessed different levels of esterase activities. Based on the level of activities the adult beetles were more susceptible to deltamethrin than 4th and 6th instar larvae. The increased level of esterases contributes towards r...
Asad Sultan1,*, Shahroom Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1, Naila Chand1, Muhammad Shuaib Khan2 and Hamza Maris3
...21 days. Feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) lower and weight gain and dressing percentage were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the OA-2 group, resultantly, the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded in the same group. Tibia dry matter, ash, calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in OA-2. On the other hand, fecal Ca and P decreased

Usman Shakoor1, Ali Nasir2, Mudassar Rashid1, Muhammad Iftikhar-ul-Husnain1, Nabila Khurshid1 and Zuhair Husnain

...n land tax revenue had a significant positive effect on the agriculture share of GDP. Exempting agriculture income tax would give respite to agriculture community as done in china, where zero agriculture income tax was applied in practical. However, if income tax must be made functional then that tax rates should be revised in accordance with the income potential of agriculture lands; large land holdings be taxed, shares of the collected tax at district level ...
Muhammad Nazar Aftab1, Ahmed Ali1, Muhammad Asad1, Sadia Fatima2 and Furhan Iqbal2,*
...atinine (P = 0.0038)were significantly higher in treated male mice when compared with their untreated control group indicating the hazardous effects of AlCl3 on blood chemistry of adult male albino mice.
...
Fazul Nabi1,2, Hui Zhang1, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1 , Mujeeb ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahzad3, Khalid Mehmood1,3 and Jiakui Li1,* 
... antioxidant enzymes and significantly increase in the MDA contents in TD afflicted chickens compared to control group. The SM administration to TD affected birds significantly ameliorated lameness, stimulated ALP level with a decrease in ALT and AST contents, increase in antioxidant parameter and decrease in MDA contents significantly (P<0.05). SM treatment of TD-afflicted birds preven...

Fayaz Ahmad1*, Noorullah Khan1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Qamar uz Zaman1, Shamsul Islam1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1 and Sair Sarwar

...tilizer. Time of pruning significantly affected the shoot growth and it ranged from 54.75 cm (March, 2013) to 75.90 cm (December, 2012). The higher doses of potash fertilizer (150 kg ha-1) significantly increased the shoot growth (70.56 cm) as compared to the control (60.53 cm). The interaction between time of pruning and levels of potash fertilizer for number of leaves per shoot was not significant<...

Wiqar Ahmad1* and Farmanullah Khan

...ze yield did not improve significantly, however, during 2007, grain yield (GY) increased by 17% with N1/2PKF over the RD. Similarly, the cropping pattern effect was significant during 2007 only and the cereal-legume rotation showed 9 and 12% higher GY over the cereal-cereal+legumes intercrop and cereal-cereal rotation, respectively. With regard to soil properties and nutrient status, the N1/2PKF improved the total N, OM and ...

Muhammad Ismaeel1,2*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Aziz Ur Rahman1 and Mian Ahmad Raza

...Rice genotypes reflected significant differences (P≤0.01) for all the traits. Among the rice parents, Bas-6129 and Bas-370 showed the highest values for grains panicle-1 (214.0) while IR-8 displayed maximum values for spikelets panicle-1 (238.0), 1000-grain weight (30.9 g) and grain yield (0.97 kg m-2). F1 hybrids Dokri-Bas/Bas-6129, DR-92/DR-83, Bas-2008/Kashmir-Bas, IR-8/NIAB-IR-9 and Bas-6129/Dokri-Bas produced maximum spikelet’s panicle-1 (270.0),...
Jia-kui Li1,2,*, Kun Li2, Zhao-qing Han2, Hui Zhang2, Xiao-qiang Wang2, Hou-qiang Luo2, Yan-fang Lan2 and Gang Qiu1,2
....0), respectively with a significant difference in the three years (P<0.05). The current result reveal a growing prevalence of BVDV infection in yaks in this area.
...
Nadia Saeed1,Mian Sayed Khan2, Habib Ahmad3, Muhammad Abdullah4 and Muzafar Shah5,*
... organic amendments were significantly effective against nematodes.
...
Nazish Shaukat1, Muhammad Javed1,Faiza Ambreen2* and Fariha Latif1
...sults were statistically significant at p<0.05. Fish liver exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher activity of enzyme than that of gills. The physico-chemical variables viz. pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, total hardness, calcium, magnesium and total ammonia of the test media varied significantly at p<0.05, that exerted significant

Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1*, Rehmat Ullah1, Asif Nawaz1 and Ejaz Ashraf2 

...results indicated highly significant association (P≤0.05) between the duration of registration with Farm Services centers, fertilizers and farm machinery provided to the respondents. Farm Services Center’s performed their commitment very well with respect to empowerment of farmers in different agrarian practices like decision making, farm management, varietal selection, management of weed, and selection of fertilizer. Private agricultural companies we...

Anish Shrestha 

...ems to have positive and significant relation with gross return. All of them appeared to be underutilized and needed to be increased by 39%, 74% and 34% respectively for the profit maximization. Main production problem found to be high cost and inadequate availability of modern equipment with the index score of 0.81. And, according to the farmers, main role institution that should play is providing training to the farmers. With proper and efficient use of inpu...
Asad Sultan1, Sahal Ahmad1, Sarzamin Khan1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Naila Chand1, Muhammad Tahir3 and Shakoor Ahmad2
...t supplementation of ZnO significantly (P<0.05) improved feed intake, dressing percentage, body weight, feed conversion ratio, blood parameters and nutrient digestibility at both levels of thermal zones. The results of silymarin on growth, nutrient digestibility and hematological parameters were comparatively lower (P<0.05) in broilers during TN and HS zones. The current results indicate that the supplementation of feed with silymarin and ZnO improved th...
Muhammad Kashif Maan1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Muhammad Ijaz2, Hamid Akbar1, Sajid Umar 3 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*
...tamine anesthesia showed significant increase (P<0.05) in serum alanine aminotrasferase, aspartate transaminase and blood urea nitrogen as compared to isoflurane anesthesia; whereas, no statistical difference (P>0.05) was observed for alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and bilirubin between the two groups. Heart rate, blood pressure and saturation of oxygen were decreased in both groups but this decline was significantly...

Arshed Bashir *, Shamsheer-Ul-Haq**, Mazher Abbas*, M. Aamir Munir** and Aneela Afzal***

Corresponding author:[email protected]

IMPACT OF SUGARCANE MILLS DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ON CANE PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB
...y farmers were operating significantly larger land holdings. Area under new high yielding, with more sugar recovery varieties was relatively higher at beneficiary farms as compared to non-beneficiary farms. The beneficiary farmers were getting higher returns from sugarcane production (fresh and ratoon crops) as compared to non-beneficiary farms. Inclusion of small and medium farmers in the sugar mills development activities is recommended to meet the sugar con...

 Parvez Khaliq*, Muhammad Azim Malik**, M. Aslam Gill*** and
Nasir M. Cheema*

Corresponding author: [email protected]

EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON MAIZE FODDER YIELD UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN
...er was statistically non-significant and on average basis RF+FYM treatment -1 produced higher green fodder (19971.5 kg ha ) than fodder yield of 18349.1 kg -1 ha produced by applying recommended dose of fertilizer. However, green fodder yield produced with these two fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than that of the FYM and control treatments. The FYM treatment gave -1 lowest fodder yield (16997 kg ha ) and was...

 Amanullah, Ahmed Aziz Kurd, Saifullah Khan, Munir Ahmed and Jahangir Khan*

 
Corresponding author:[email protected]
BIOFERTILIZER- A POSSIBLE SUBSITUTE OF FERTILIZERS IN PRODUCTION OF WHEAT VARIETY ZARDANA IN BALOCHISTAN
... . Fresh yields differed significantly at all sites. At Mastung field, -1 both fertilizer treatments out yielded the control by 3000 kgha and at Quetta (Aghbarg field-2) the biofertilizer + half mineral fertilizer treatment out -1 yielded the others by over 3000 kgha . The results proved that the application -1 -1 of biofertilizer in combination with N 45kgha and P O 30 kgha increased 2 5 fresh yield from11% to 59% and suggested increases in grain yield of 20-...

 Javid Iqbal, Asghar Ali Mian, Tanveer Ahmad*, Shamsul Hassan** and Sohail Hassan Khan* 

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT ECONOMIC TRAITS OF FOUR IMPORTED BROILER STRAINS UNDER LOCAL CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN
...tments A, B and C gained significantly (P <0.05) more weight than the birds in treatment D. On the contrary, the birds in treatment D (4371g) consumed significantly (P <0.05) less feed than birds in treatments A (4896g), B (4934g) and C (4905g) at 7 weeks of age. The FCR's in order of merit were 2.16(A), 2.17(B), 2.18(C) and 2.25(D) and differences were non-significant. The dressing ...

 Shahida N.Khokhar*

CROP INOCULANTS- AN UNDEREXPLORED POTENTIAL IN AGRICULTURE
...ad, Pakistan contributed significantly to these efforts. There are many reports on achieving increase in yield of legumes, cereals (wheat, maize) and vegetable crops. This however has yet to be taken to farmers' field effectively. The present paper reviews these efforts, lapses and unfolds new strategies in research and extension in future.

...

 Muhammad Arifullah, Muhammad Munir*, Abid Mahmood**, Saifullah Khan Ajmal and Ghulam Shabbir*

COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOME YIELD ATTRIBUTES IN INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L.)
...ility analysis indicated significant general combining ability for most of the traits except plant height and siliqua length. UCD-8/4, KJ-119 and BRS-2 were good general combiners for yield related traits. A cross BRS-2 × UCD-8/4 showed best desired SCA for number of primary branches and siliquae per plant. S-9 × Canola Raya for siliqua length, Canola Raya × UCD-8/4 for number of seeds per siliqua, KJ- 119 × BRS-2, BARD-1 × NIFA R...

 Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Fakhar ul Hassan, Qamar ul Hassan, Usman Shaukat Qureshi, Saman Chughtai and Adnan Saleem*

IMPACT OF CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA ANANASSA) CV. �CHANDLER�
...ascorbic acid were found significantly higher under tunnel condition as compared to other cultivation systems. The experiment was arranged by employing the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) by using five treatments, each comprising three replications with 20 plants per replicate. 

...

 Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed, Muhammad Ansar*, Ashiq Saleem**, Zafar ullah Arif*, H.I. Javed and Rashid Saleem**

IMPROVEMENT OF MASH BEAN PRODUCTION UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS BY RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION AND LOW RATES OF STARTER NITROGEN
...lots. The results showed significant differences for all the plant characters under the study. -1 The crop maturity was earlier in control and inoculation + 20 kg N ha as compared to all other treatments. Inoculation in combination with 50 kg N -1 ha significantly delayed crop maturity. The maximum mean average grain -1 yield (681.5 kg ha ) was augmented with the application of inoculation alone and non

 Parvez Khaliq*, Azim Malik**, Nasir Mahmood Cheema* and Muhammad Umair***

ECONOMICS OF WHEAT BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN RAINFED AREAS OF PAKISTAN
... the country. However, a significant yield gap in wheat has been reported between yields of substantive and the progressive growers mainly due to poor management of soil, water and fertility issues. A field study was conducted at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad and the traditional wheat-fallow-wheat (W-F-W) cropping system was evaluated with the improved wheat-maize fodder-wheat (W-MF-W) and wheat-mungbean-wheat (W-MB-W) cropping system...

 Muhammad Tariq*, Raja Muhammad Omer**, Muhammad Ashraf Mian*, Obaid Ur Rehman***, Amjad Tahir Virk and Kazim Abbass**

PROMOTING CERTIFIED SEED AVAILABILITY OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L) THROUGH PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND ITS IMPACT ON YIELD IN RAINFED AREAS
...f fertile tillers m were significantly higher in certified seed source than the farmer's own seed that resulted in significant increase in grain yield. Other yield contributing parameters including number of spikelet per spike, numbers of grains per spike and 1000 grain weight were at par in both seed sources. It was concluded that healthy and pure seed source gave high seed germination and good crop stand which enabled the ...

 Ashiq Saleem, Muhammad Ashraf Zahid, Habib Iqbal Javed*, M Ansar**, Asghar Ali, Rashid Saleem* and Noor Saleem***

EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE ON LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK) SEED YIELD UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...ic thereafter with a non-significant difference for any further increase in seed sown. The -1 existing seed rate of 20 kgha in lentil is seemingly not sufficient to obtain optimum yield. On average, about 2-2.5-fold increase in seed rate of lentil under rainfed conditions can be safely recommended.

...

 Gulzar S. Sanghera and Wassem Hussain*

HETEROSIS IN RELATION TO COMBINING ABILITY PER SE PERFORMANCE IN TEMPERATE RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
...sis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, crosses, lines, testers and line x tester interactions for all the traits studied. The specific combining ability (SCA) effects along with per se performance revealed that some of the crosses have shown desirable SCA effects, having superior per se performance for most of the traits thus indicating the selection of these crosses. Based on standard check varieties (SR-1 and Jhelum) assessment of ...

 Safdar Ali, Sahiba, M. Azim Malik, Fayyaz-ul-Hassan and M. Ansar*

GROWTH OF RAINFED FODDER MAIZE UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
...0 NP kg ha , there was a significant increase in green fodder and dry matter yields through their interactive effect, that were 90.19% and 159.31%, respectively. This increase may be due to increase in vegetative growth parameters like plant height, stem diameter and leaf area. It was concluded that fertilizers combination of -1 180:90 NP kg ha was recommended for obtaining higher maize fodder yield under rainfed conditions of Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

...

 Javed Khan, Ehsan-ul-Haq, Naheed Akhtar, Waseem Ahmad Gillani*, Naila Assad**, M.Asif Masood and Irum Raza*

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF IMMATURE STAGES OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON RICE MEAL MOTH, CORCYRA CEPHALONICA EGGS
... of immature stages were significantly different at three different temperatures and with increasing temperature the developmental cycle decrease significantly.

...

 Muhammad Yaqoob*, Rukhsana Anjum, Mumtaz Hussain and Muhammad Jahangir Shah**

GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION IN SOME CHINESE HYBRID RICE UNDER DRY CONDITIONS
...maturity were however nonsignificant. Plant height ranged from 77 to 116 cm, number of grains per panicle from 152 to 449, number of productive tillers per plant from 15 to 29, 1000-grain weight from 23 to 40 (g) and paddy yield from 2.38 to 10 t -1 -1 ha in different hybrids. The highest yield (10 t ha ) was produced by hybrid GSR-H-0140.

...

 Arshad Ali, Muhammad Arshadullah, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Imdad Ali Mahmood and Badar-uz-Zaman*

RICE PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL HEALTH AS AFFECTED BY WHEAT RESIDUE INCORPORATION ALONG WITH NITROGEN STARTER DOSE UNDER SALT-AFFECTED SOIL
...n weight and paddy yield significantly (P≤ 0.05) increased with different -1 levels of N doses. Maximum tillers plant (27.66), plant height (138.33 cm), -1 spike length (28.33 cm), and grains spike (175), 1000-grain weight (28.66 -1 -1 g) and paddy yield (4.25 t ha ) was harvested with 5 t ha wheat straw -1 incorporation plus 60 kg N ha . The paddy yield was 19% more than control 2+ + treatment. Positive correlations (r= 0.74) and (r=0.73) between Ca and K ...

 Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Muhammad Arshadullah, Arshad Ali and Imdad Ali Mahmood*

EFFECT OF BORON NUTRITION ON PADDY YIELD UNDER SALINESODIC SOILS
...n weight and paddy yield significantly (P≤0.05) increased at different levels of B. 1000-grain weight -1 -1 (31.7 g) and grain yield was the maximum (5.0 t ha ) at 2 kg B ha and 22% more than control treatment. Maximum plant height (155.7 cm) and -1 -1 number of grains spike (125) were recorded with B application @ 1 kg ha . B concentration in grain increased with boron application. Positive correlation (r= 0.94) was found between B contents in grain and pa...

 Munir Ahmad* and Asif Ali Mirani**

HEATED AIR DRYING OF GROUNDNUT
...he potential to become a significant contributor to edible oil production in Pakistan. It is harvested in October-November in Pakistan, when the weather is cold, and it is not possible to dry it down to a safe moisture level by sun drying. Therefore, the chance for developing aflatoxins in it is high. To solve this problem of the groundnut growers, a low cost mobile flat-bed dryer designed and developed at Agricultural and Biological Engineering Institute (ABE...

 Ayesha Tahir, Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Sharif, Waqar Akhtar and Nadeem Akmal*

AN OVERVIEW OF TOMATO ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
...d and Pakistan increased significantly since 2007. At present, Pakistan has no RCA in tomato trade as the value of RCA is much below the unity. However, keeping in view the 8% growth rate in tomato area and 5% in production, there are opportunities in tomato production for export from Pakistan. At present Pakistan's exports are heavily focused on Middle East and Afghanistan markets. Therefore, there is a need to look for other markets to increase the tomato ex...

 A.A. Mengal* , M. U. Mallah, Z. A. Mirani* and B. N. Siddiqui**

AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN

 Asrar Ali*, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Abdul Rehman***, Javed Khan, Waseem Ahmad Gillani** and Maria Rauf*

BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF MENOCHILUS SEXMACULATUS FAB. (COLEOPTERA:COCCINELLIDAE) AT VARYING TEMPERATURE ON RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI L.
...evealed that there was a significant effect of different temperature regimes on the development and predatory potential of M. sexmaculatus reared on Rhopalosiphum padi. The egg incubation period of predator beetle was 4.16, 3.66 and 2.24 days at 22±1°C, 28 1°C and 34 1°C, respectively. Mean fecundity was 430.53, 548.67 and 432.43 eggs, respectively. Percentage egg hatchability of the predator was significant
EVALUATION OF LEGUME HERBS NUTRITIVE VALUE AS A RUMINANT FEED AND NITROGEN SUPPLY ON SOIL IN WEST TIMOR, INDONESIA
...ume was obviously highly significant (P<0.01) to biomass production 90 days after planting. Moreover, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) in vitro digestibility were statistically different among the species of legume (P<0.01). In DL the DM and OM were highest i.e., 74.84 % and 74.37%. Meanwhile, the biomass digestibility of DM and OM was affected by the -2 treatments (P<0.01), being highest in CT (2511.4 g DMm and 2172.1 g -2 -2 -2 OMm ) followed...

 Wabekwa, J.W., I.A. Sodagni and F.K. Mohammad*

PHYSIOLOGICAL GROWTH AND YIELD EVALUATION IN PMINERALIZED SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUS L.) UNDER SUDANOSAHELIAN AGRO-ECOLOGY, NIGERIA
...head dry weight were not significantly influenced by P O rates and 1000- 2 5 -1 grain weights indicated that increased P O application (40-80 kg ha ) 2 5 enhanced grain filling efficiency and this influenced weight per 1000 -1 grains during both years. The application of 40 kg P O ha increased grain 2 5 -1 yield statistically in 2010 rainy season (2289.10 kg ha ) and the combined -1 -1 analysis (1565.20 kg ha ). During 2011 rainy season, 80 kg P2O5 ha -1 recor...

 Arshad Ali, Imdad Ali Mahmood, Muhammad Salim, Muhammad Arshadullah* and Abdul Rasool Naseem**

GROWTH AND YIELD OF DIFFERENT BRASSICA GENOTYPES UNDER SALINE SODIC CONDITIONS
...RS-II and Rainbow showed significantly more percent oil contents in their seeds but genotype Dunkled showed minimum Na+ and K+ concentration in their tissues. 

...

 Shafique Qadir Memon*, Muhamamd Safar Mirjat, Abdul Quadir Mughal** Nadeem Amjad***, Muhammad Azhar Saeed, Shabbir Kalwar, Asif Ali Mirani and Habib Iqbal Javed****

TILLAGE AND NPK EFFECT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SPRING MAIZE IN ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
... replications. There was significant differences in maize emergence percentage, plant height, -1 grains cob , 1000-grain weight and grain yield due to tillage practices and various fertilizer levels, between tillage practices. However, the NPK @ -1 200-100-100 kg ha and deep tillage produced the highest emergence percentage, plant height, grains per cob, 1000-grain weight and grain yield followed by other fertilizer levels and conventional tillage. The zero ti...

 Muhammad Arshadullah, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Arshad Ali and Imdad Ali Mahmood*

CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF SULFUR AND CALCIUM ON WHEAT GROWTH AND YIELD UNDER SALINE-SODIC SOILS
...n weight and paddy yield significantly (P≤0.05) enhanced by increasing the rate of gypsum (CaSO ). The maximum 4 -1 number of grains spike (60), 1000-grain weight (47 g) and grain yield -1 -1 (4.01 t ha ) were recorded with CaSO application @ 150 kg ha . Grain 4 yield was 43% more than control treatment. Positive correlations (r= 2+ + 0.96), (r=0.96) and (r=0.91) between Ca , K , S and negative correlation r= + (-0.99) between Na contents in grain and wheat...

 Tahir Abbas, Bushra Nawab, Rahila Nazli, Rubina Saleem, Amrat Lal and Khalid Jamil*

EFFICACY OF COTTON WASTE COMPOST AND FERTINEMAKIL FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH PARAMETER OF SUNFLOWER PLANTS
...il contents. The highest significant improvement in plant growth characters were recorded in plots treated with cotton waste compost and cotton waste compost+ Fertinemakil fertilizer. The Fertinemakil alone showed less significant effect but it is a good source of organic fertilizer.

...

 Rizwana Sultan*, Javed Khan, Ehsan ul Haq, Tariq Mehmood**, Roshan Zada Khattak***, and Naheed Akhtar**

BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF TRICHOGRAMMA CHILONIS ISHII (TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE: HYMENOPTERA) FEEDING ON SITOTROGA CEREALELLA EGGS AT THREE CONSTANT TEMPERATURES
...e that temperature has a significant effect on the biological parameters of Trichogramma and with increasing temperature developmental duration decreased. Similarly effect of host eggs age indicates that maximum parasitism and adult emergence were 97.40 ± 0.84% and 98.20 ± 0.94% on 2h old eggs while minimum parasitism was 24.6 ± 4.92% and adult emergence was 21.5 ± 1.33% from 72h old eggs. Adult longevity and female ratio was not

 Muhammad Sohail*, Imtiaz Hussain*, Riaz-ud-din*, Syed Haider Abbas*, Maqsood Qamar* and Muhammad Noman*

EFFECT OF SPLIT N FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON PHYSIOAGRONOMIC TRAITS OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...n was -2 associated with significant increase (P<0.05) in spikes m , 1000 grain weight and dry matter production. Split N application was also linked with better flag leaf chlorophyll retention and cooler crop canopies during grain filling stages which showed positive association with grain yield.

...

 Sajida Taj*, Akhter Ali*, Nadeem Akmal*, Shujaat Yaqoob** and Mubarik Ali***

RAISED BED TECHNOLOGY FOR WHEAT CROP IN IRRIGATED AREAS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ds of planting crop with significant water saving. The study was planned and conducted by the Social Sciences Research Institute, Faisalabad in 2011-12 to assess the determinants of the adoption of the raised bed technology for wheat crop in irrigated Punjab, Pakistan. The study was conducted at three sites of the districts Faisalabad and Toba Tek Singh where the Water Management Research Institute, University of Faisalabad promoted the raised bed technology f...

 Muhammad Farooq*, Hidayat Ullah*, Nausherwan Nobel Nawab* and Khalid Mahmood Qureshi**

EVALUATION OF INDIGENOUS TOMATO HYBRIDS UNDER PLASTIC TUNNEL
...n NTT-14-08. Similarly a significant difference was observed among hybrids for fruit diameter. Fruits having more diameter are round to roundish in shape. Fruit diameter ranged from 8.85 to 5.49 -3 cm. Fruit firmness also varied significantly ranging from 3.54 to 1.67 kg m in Sahel and NTT-07-08, respectively. Maximum pericarp thickness (0.90 cm) was recorded in NTT-10-08 while minimum pericarp thickness of 0.58 cm was obser...

 Rabeea Tariq*, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*, Imran Hassan*, Muhammad Rasheed* and Usman Shaukat Qureshi*

EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY AND GROWING MEDIA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY
...nd titratable acidity. A significant increase in fresh and dry weight of leaves, number of leaves, fruit yield in term of fruit number, fruit size and fruit weight, and fruit quality with high ascorbic acid contents were observed. On the other hand, plants grown in silt, sand and FYM (1 : 1 : 1) at both planting densities showed significant increment in vegetative growth resulting in early flowering with more flowers per pla...

 Maria Rauf*, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Javed Khan**, Abdul Rehman***, Waseem Ahmad Gillani* and Asrar Ali**

BIOLOGY AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA LINN. ON SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM APHID UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS
...ental duration decreases significantly. The pupal developmental duration was 14.0, 9.2 and 5.2 days, respectively which are significantly different from each other. The adult male and female longevity were 44.7, 37.7, 30.0 and 60.3, 58.9 and 43.7 days. Fecundity rate of females were 123.5, 251.5 and 293.2 eggs per female, respectively. This indicates that adult male and female developmental duration, female fecundity rate we...

 Naheed Zahra*, Muhammad Zubair Anwar*, Sonila Hassan** and Irfan Mehmood**

INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT ARRANGEMENT AND THEIR IMPLICATION ON AGRICULTURAL INCOME IN THE SELECTED VILLAGES OF RAWALPINDI DISTRICT
...sitive and statistically significant relationship between institutional credit and agricultural income of the farmers. The other variables such as source of credit, ownership of farming machinery, access to market and family labour also have a positive and statistically significant relationship with the dependent variable except the age of the farmer. Therefore it is recommended that there is a strong need to enhance easy an...

 Muhammad Yasin Mirza*, Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Muhammad Amjad* and Malik Shah Nawaz*

STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR ECONOMIC TRAITS IN SESAME ( L.)
...E interaction was highly significant for all the traits showing heritable variation among the genotypes. The linear component of GE interaction was also significant for all traits except branches per plant. Pooled deviation was significant only for yield indicating the differential genotypic response across the locations. The significant variance due to ...

 Adnan Umair*, Safdar Ali**, Muhammad Sarwar***, Kashif Bashir**, Muhammad Javed Tareen**** and Muhammad Asghar Malik*****

ASSESSMENT OF SOME PRIMING TECHNIQUES IN MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA) : A GREEN HOUSE STUDY
... invigoration treatments significantly improved plant vigor in terms of final germination biomass, root, shoot length and nutrient uptake of mungbean seedlings compared to control (non-primed dry seedling). The application of seed priming also improved the protein concentration at the early stage of seedlings. Phosphorous application through priming significantly improved germination up to 95%, seedling -1 vigour index up to...

 Rashid Mahmood*, Elizabeth Stephen Wagchoure* and Ghulam Sarwar*

INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL DIETS ON APIS MELLIFERA L. COLONIES FOR HONEY PRODUCTION
...ollen with gram (T ) was significantly better than that 2 produced by the bees fed on other pollen supplemental diets. There was no significant difference for royal jelly production.

...

 Shahida Khalid*and Shahida Nasreen Khokhar*

INTERACTION OF HERBICIDES AND BIO-INOCULANTS WITH AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND WEEDS
... (Leader), were found to significantly mitigate (% increase in root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight) the inhibitory effect of residues , when inoculated with Azospirillum A4. In second experiment two Azospirillum (B2 and B3) and two Azorhizobium (3.6ksk and srsn2k4) isolates reduced seed germination of Phalaris minor by 95%. The results imply that biofertilizer microbes can mitigate the carryover effect of the two sulfonylureas; they can also...

 Muhammad Tayyab Mudassar*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Muhammad Naeemullah**, Muhammad Shakeel*, Muhammad Ashfaque*, Asmat un Nisa* and Javed Khan*

ECONOMIC REARING OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (STEPHENS) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) IN INSECTARY
...Adult emergence rate was significantly higher when provided with S. cerealella eggs, which was more economical than that of P. solenopsis crawlers. For efficient and quality production of C. carnea in laboratory using available and inexpensive equipment to produce the healthy surplus of this predator for experiment and small holding field releases, S. cereallela is recommended as more efficient and economic host as compared to P. solenopsis.

...

 Khawer Jawad Ahmad*, Asif Razzaq*, Khalida Hamid Abbasi*, Muhammad Shafiq*, Muhammad Saleem** and Muhammad Arshadullah***

THYMOL AS CONTROL AGENT OF MITES (VARROA DESTRUCTOR) ON HONEYBEES (APIS MELLIFERA)
...ed (F=3.64, F>P=0.15) significantly different effect among treatments as well as for the control of mite. The average efficacy of thymol was 73.72% as compared to 69.21% by fluvalinate, 72.23% by formic acid and 13.1% in control. The reduction in the effectiveness of fluvalinate may be attributed to the development of resistance against fluvalinate strip.

...

 Said Salman*, Shah Jehan Khan*, Javed Khan**, Rehmat Ullah Khan*** and Imran Khan****

GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) ACCESSIONS
...winter 2010-2011. Highly significant (P≤0.01) differences were found for all the traits studied indicating the scope of improvement through simple selection for high mean values of these traits. Maximum genotypic differences were observed for all the studied parameters except chlorophyll concentration index and number of spikelet per spike indicating considerable amount of variation among the accessions for each trait. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficie...

 Nusrat Habib*, Muhammad Zubair Anwar* and Ikram Saeed*

COMPARATIVE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF RECOMMENDED MUNGBEAN VARIETIES AT NARC EXPERIMENTAL STATION, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
...tice seems to contribute significantly. The output-input ratios of AZRI-06, NM- -1 -1 06 and NM-98 were 3.05, 2.79 and 2.41 with revenue crop day acre of Rs.451, Rs.368 and Rs.318, respectively. AZRI-06 variety showed higher -1 profitability level with higher output-input ratio and revenue crop day -1 acre . Adopting improved technology in mungbean production would further increase the returns at the farm level.

...

 Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Maqsood Ahmad*, Gulshan Riaz* and Sartaj Khan*

PERFORMANCE OF SUMMER FORAGE LEGUMES AND THEIR RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUBSEQUENT OAT CROP IN SUBTROPICAL SUBHUMID POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
... previous crops were non-significant and ranged from 9.4% to 9.7%. Differences in crude protein yield of oats as affected by the preceding crops -1 were statistically significant and ranged from 705 to 854 kg ha . These differences were due to variation in their dry matter. It was concluded that cereal legume sequenced cropping system gave overall higher yield of the cropping system. Inclusion of tropical forage legumes into...

 Muhammad Sohail*, Imtiaz Hussain*, Riaz-ud-Din*, Sikandar Khan Tanveer*, Maqsood Qamar* and Syed Haider Abbas*

EVALUATION OF ADVANCE WHEAT LINES FOR AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN RAINFED ENVIRONMENT
...of the late planting was significant (P<0.05) on grain yield of the crop. Late planting produced 29% lower grain yield than normal planting. Genotypes also showed significant variation (P<0.05) regarding grain yield production under both normal and late sowing dates. Under more stressful growing conditions (late planting), minimum grain yield reduction was noticed in line NR-397 (19%) followed by NARC-09 (20%), NR-400 ...

 Mustaring,* I. Subagyo,** Soebarinoto** and Marsetyo*

 
GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF NEW INTRODUCED BRACHIARIA SPECIES AND LEGUME HERBS AS RUMINANT FEED IN CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA
...me herb species affected significantly (P<0.05) plant height, yield, in vitro digestibility. At 8 weeks of age Dolichos lablab showed the -2 highest plant height (189 cm), DM yield (0.45 kg DM m ) and in vitro OM digestibility (71.12%). The nutrient contents were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by legume herb species. In short B. mulato and Dolichos lablab showed the highest growth, DM yield and in vitro digestibil...

 Nazakat Nawaz*, Malik Shah Nawaz*, Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Mirza M. Yasin*, Doulat Baig*, Nasir Mehmood Cheema**, Muhammad Amjad** and M. Altaf Sher**

EFFECT OF BORON ON PEANUT GENOTYPES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
... fertilizer applications significantly 3 3 increased dry pod yield of all the tested genotypes over control. Dry pod yields of BARD-479, ICG-7326, and ICGV-92023 increased by 14- 20%, 21- 26% and 27- 34%, respectively. Genotype BARD-479 was the most boron efficient user, 83- 88% followed by ICG-7326, 79-83% and ICGV- 92023, 75- 79%. Critical boron concentrations in plant shoot terminals -1 recorded were 22-48, 23-50 and 25-54 mg kg during 2008 and 27-51, 30- -...

 Saima Rani*, Hassnain Shah*, Umar Farooq** and Bushra Rehman**

SUPPLY, DEMAND, AND POLICY ENVIRONMENT FOR PULSES IN PAKISTAN
...e for both pulses were insignificant factors in influencing the farmers' decision to allocate land. Production of pluses mainly depends on area under the crop. Pulses area under irrigated conditions and sowing season rainfall positively influence the production of gram and mung. Technological factors by the time trend had given positive impact on the yield and production. Demand analysis revealed that own price elasticity of demand was inelastic and less than ...

 Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Nouman Badar*

YIELD GAP DETERMINANTS FOR WHEAT PRODUCTION IN MAJOR IRRIGATED CROPPING ZONES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ontribute positively and significantly to wheat crop production. Coefficients of dummy variables for cropping zones indicate that farmers in the mixed cropping zone are obtaining better yield of the wheat crop as compared to their counterparts in other selected cropping zones. These results suggested that farmers can increase wheat productivity by increasing the use of factor inputs; however, poverty may be a constraint on realizing these gains. Thus, wheat pr...

 Sajid Ali*, Quratulain Altaf** and Umar Farooq* 

ACREAGE RESPONSE OF FLUE CURED VIRGINIA TOBACCO IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...centives may also play a significant role in increasing area under FCV in the study area. The results also show that area under maize crop negatively affect area under FCV, thereby indicating that maize crop could be considered as competing crop to FCV in the study area. The results of this study could help policy makers in identifying important determinants of acreage response of FCV tobacco crop in the study area. 

...

 Frasat Saeed*, Jehanzeb Farooq*, Abid Mahmood**, Tassawar Hussain***, Muhammad Riaz* and Saghir Ahmad****

GENETIC DIVERSITY IN UPLAND COTTON FOR COTTON LEAF CURL VIRUS DISEASE, EARLINESS AND FIBER QUALITY
...g out turn. The negative significant correlation of CLCuD was obtained with monopodial branches, sympodial branches and plant height. Principal component (PC) analysis showed first five PCs having eigen value >1 explaining 67.8% of the total variation with days to st -1 1 square and flowering along with plant height and sympodia plant which were being the most important characters in PC1. Cluster analysis classified 101 accessions into five divergent groups...

 Aniqa Iram*, Javed Khan**, Nadeem Aslam**, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Habib Iqbal Javed**, Muhammad Irfan*, Awais Rasool*, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi** and Sumera Aslam* 

EFFICACY OF PLANT DERIVED OILS AND EXTRACTS AGAINST WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI (GENNADIUS) ON SESAME CROP
... whitefly population was significantly suppressed by both the botanical oils and extracts as compared to the control treatment but in general botanical oils showed significant results as compared to plant extracts. Soybean oil was quite effective in reducing whitefly population per leaf, while after second spray soybean oil and extract of Mentha spp. was more effective in the reducing whitefly population per leaf. The result...

 Naheed Zahra*, Hassnain Shah*, M. Azeem Khan* and M. Zubair Anwar* 

LIVELIHOOD ASSETS AND POVERTY NEXUS: A CASE STUDY FROM RAINFED POTHWAR AREA OF PAKISTAN
...all scale irrigation was significant and an effective tool to improve income. Therefore along with improvement in irrigation practice through using high efficiency irrigation systems, other water harvesting techniques being demonstrated in the watershed project could also improve livelihood in the area. Better utilization of available resources would also improve livelihood and decrease poverty in the area. 

...

 Muhammad Tahir*, Muhammad Irfan* and Aziz-Ur-Rehman*

EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ZINC ON YIELD AND OIL CONTENTS OF FLAX
... All the zinc treatments significantly improved plant height, stem 4 -1 length, fruiting zone length, fruiting branches, number of capsule plant , -1 number of seed capsule , 1000-seed weight, straw yield, seed yield, and seed oil contents compared to control. Therefore, for producing a higher seed yield and oil contents of flax, it is suggested that 3.00% zinc at bud initiation and after capsule filling stage of flax should be used.

...

 Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai*, Amer Mumtaz*, Nouman Rashid*, Shahzada Arshad Saleem**, Saeeda Raza* and Muhammad Naeem Safdar*

COMPARISON OF INDIGENOUSLY DEVELOPED TANGERINE-ORANGE MARMALADE WITH BRANDED MARMALADES AVAILABLE AT LOCAL MARKETS
...veloped at FSPDI was non-significantly different from all the branded marmalades except Salman’s.

...

 Nusrat Habib*, Saima Rani*, Sabeen Siddiqui*, Shah Zaman** and Muhammad Zubair Anwar*

IMPACT OF MAJOR FARM INPUTS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGARCANE: A CASE STUDY IN TEHSIL KOT ADDU, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
... for harvesting were the significant factors which affect on the proceeds of sugarcane growers. The results revealed that costs of land preparation, DAP and urea were highly significant at 1% level with positive coefficients 0.94, 0.23 and 0.76, respectively. The cost of FYM was significant at 1% level with negative impact on sugarcane productivity (-0.07). The coefficient 2 of multiple de...

 Farrukh Saleem*, Babar Hilal Ahmad*, Saleem Zahid* and Bilal Kabeer*

COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS NAKED NECK AND NAKED NECK CROSSBRED LAYER CHICKENS
...ues was found to be non <significant> 0.05). The Naked Neck layers produced thicker shelled eggs (0.390mm) and showed better livability than their counterparts. significant>

...

 Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Abdul Razzaq*

EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASSES AND IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON FORAGE QUALITY
...revealed that there were significant differences in dry matter (DM) among different grasses. DM content of low palatable grasses was generally high (70-75%) as compared to Ipil ipil leaves (45-55%). DM content among mixtures was also variable. For the treatment grass 75% + Ipil ipil 25%, DM range was 65-70%, for grass 50% + Ipil ipil 50%, it was 60-65% and for grass 25% + Ipil ipil 75%, it was 55%. The CP value of the treatments showed

 Muhammad Akhter*, Muhammad Azhar Ali**, Zulqarnain Haider* and Shahzad Muzammil***

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHANGES IN GRAINS OF SOME ADVANCE LINES/ VARIETIES OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) AFTER PARBOILING
...length. The study showed significant variation in efficacy of parboiling to different varieties/lines. The results clearly showed average increase in mineral contents in terms of ash% increase, dry matter, longer cooked grain length and considerable rise in vitamin B6 contents, higher total milling recovery and head rice recovery in almost all the samples. While crude fiber, crude protein and crude fat decreased non-significant<...

 Kalim Ullah*, Zahid Usman*,Niamatullah Khan*, Rehmat Ullah**, Fazal Yazdan Saleem***, Shahid Iqbal Khattak**** and Muhammad Ali*****

GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR YIELD AND RELATED TRAITS IN UPLAND COTTON GENOTYPES
...05. Results depicted the significant (P≤0.01) differences for the investigated parameters. The genotype DNH-105 was the -1 -1 highest yielding genotype with seed yield of 2610.75 kg ha , 42.3 bolls plant , 3.57 g boll weight and 144.5 cm height in comparison to other eight genotypes. The cultivar Gomal-93 and SLH-373 also showed comparable yield and contributing parameters. The genetic variances of the studied parameters were higher in comparison to varianc...

 Muhammad Arshad Ullah*, Nazir Hussain**, Helge Schmeisky*** and Muhammad Rasheed**** 

INOCULATION AND INTER-CROPPING OF LEGUMES IN ESTABLISHED GRASS FOR INCREASING BIOMASS OF FODDER
... Pakistan. Intercropping significantly increased tillering of grass. Seed inoculation of legumes also gave maximum tillers. The grass and legumes biomass without any treatment were recorded as 7.09 and -1 8.17 t ha , respectively, during two years of study. Mixed fodder -1 production increased to 11.62, 13.6 and 14.13 t ha with 33%, 50% and 67% intercropping, respectively. Respective values of biomass were -1 observed as 13.18, 13.70 and 17.87 t ha when combin...

 Tosif Tabassam*, Tariq Sultan**, M.Ehsan Akhtar**, M.Mahmood-ulHassan** and Arshad Ali**

SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT FORMULATED CARRIERS FOR SUSTAINING MICROBIAL SHELF LIFE

 Riaz Hussain*, Muhammad Riaz**, Mushtaq A. Saleem*** and Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi**

BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY ABAMECTIN IN SIXTH INSTAR LARVAE OF THE RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (HERBST)
...ase and AkP remained non-significant at both doses in the two strains. In PAK strain larvae, the TE activity was inhibited with depletion of total protein contents and elevation of FAA contents. In FSS-II larvae, the effect of abamectin on levels of α-amylase, glucoamylase, AkP, total protein and soluble protein remained non-significant. The activities of TE and AcP were reduced at both doses, while activities/levels o...

 Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Abid Hussain*

ECONOMICS OF MILK PRODUCTION OF MAJOR DAIRY BUFFALO BREEDS BY AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES IN PAKISTAN
...ontribute positively and significantly to milk production.

...

 Riaz Hussain*, Muhammad Riaz** and Mushtaq A. Saleem***

TOXICITIES OF AZADIRACHTIN AND POLYCHLORINATED PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON AGAINST RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS OF TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) ADULTS
...s the difference was non-significant because of overlapping 95% FLs to LC. 

...

Muhammad Hidayat Rasool*, Abuzar Muhammad Afzal*, Abu Baker Siddique*, Waseem Akram**, Muhammad Saqalein*, Madiha Basit* and Muhammad Farooq Tahir***

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF VIRO CARE GZ-08 AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN POULTRY AND ITS IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY
...t with ND vaccines as it significantly reduced morbidity and mortality as compared to the use of vaccines alone. However, further work is recommended in future on GZ-08™ for its use as post-treatment of ND as well as on other antiviral compounds of natural origin to develop a novel antiviral drug against NDV in poultry.

...

 Syed Asif Imran Shah*, Shah Jehan Khan**, Abdul Aziz Baloch*** ,
Obaid Ullah Sayal**, Kalim Ullah* andShujaat Ali**

COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS IN VARIOUS INBRED LINES OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
...nalysis exhibited highly significant (P≤0.01) variation among genotypes for days -1 -1 -1 to 50% silking, ear length, kernel rows ear , kernels row , kernels ear and grain yield. Mean square values due to general combining ability were -1 highly significant (P≤0.01) for all studied attributes except kernels ear and grain yield. Highly significant variations for specific combining abi...

 Muhammad Arshad Ullah*, Nazir Hussain**, Helge Schmeisky*** and Muhammad Rasheed**** 

IMPROVING FODDER QUALITY OF PANICUM GRASS THROUGH INTERCROPPING OF LEGUMES AND THEIR INOCULATION
...lity of fodder increased significantly both with the legumes and inoculation. The intercropping of Panicum grass with 67% inoculation proved the best combination. The 6-7% higher crude protein (CP) of mixed fodder was recorded from 67% intercropping in comparison to grass alone while inoculation increased it by further 1-2%. Results also suggested that total digestible nutrients (TDN) were increased by 2-4% as compared to other treatments.

...

 Israr Ali*, Naushad Ali*, Riffat Tahira**, Sardar Ali*, Izhar Hussain* and Sher Aslam Khan*

GENETIC DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT IN BRASSICA GERMPLASM BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES

 Ibrar Ali*, Abdul Mateen Khattak*, Muhammad Ali* and Kalim Ullah**

PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT TOMATO CULTIVARS UNDER ORGANIC AND INORGANIC REGIMES
...ic and inorganic regimes significantly (P≤0.01) influenced all the studied attributes of tomato cultivars. Among different -1 cultivars, Roma gave maximum plant survival (93.8%), number of leaves plant -1 -1 (84.1), number of flower inflorescence (5.4), number of fruits inflorescence (4.3), -1 3 -1 number of fruit plant (25.4), fruit size (63.9 cm ), fruit weight plant (9.1 kg) and -1 total yield (22.9 t ha ). However, it was closely followed by cultivar Ri...

 Muhammad Qasim*, Sonila Hassan*, Arshed Bashir*, Hafiz Zahid Mahmood** and Irfan Mehmood*

ANALYZING PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF SELECTED FOOD AND LEGUME CROPS FOR FOOD SECURITY IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ere statistically highly significant at 1% level except yield of gram which was significant at 10% level. The estimated annual growth rate of area for wheat, rice and sugarcane was 0.9%, 2.1% and 0.8%, respectively with the production growth of 3.0%, 3.8% and 2.2%, respectively and yield growth of 2.1%, 1.6% and 1.5%, respectively. The results highlighted that the major contribution for expansion in production for rice and s...

 Quratulain*, Muhammad Aslam**, Muhammad Khalid Rafique*, Mian Atiq Ahmad* and Rashid Mahmood***

POPULATION DYNAMICS OF ROSE APHID MACROSIPHUM ROSAE L. ON DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF ROSA INDICA L. IN PAKISTAN
...ther varieties; however, significantly few aphids were observed on Christan Diar. These studies revealed that farmers growing roses on a commercial scale should grow Christan Diar to avoid aphid attack. Maximum average number of aphid nymph, winged and wingeless adults on leaves, buds and flowers were 11.11, 4.97 and 10.13, respectively observed on Perfecta variety

...

 Khurram Nawaz Saddozai*, Umme Rubab* and Abass Ullah Jan* 

STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS OF MAIZE FARMERS IN AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR, PAKISTAN
...or days have contributed significantly to increase the maize yield. However, the DAP and urea have shown no effect on maize yield. The mean technical efficiency was estimated at 83%, implying that the farmers can still enhance their technical efficiency by 11% within the given inputs and technology. The results have demonstrated that maize crop is lucrative crop in the study area as maize growers have received increasing return to scale i.e., 1.90 (Ep>1), h...

 Khurram Nawaz Saddozai*, Muhammad Nasrullah* and Noor P. Khan** 

STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION ANALYSIS OF TOBACCO GROWERS IN DISTRICT MARDAN, PAKISTAN
...ables were statistically significant and have portrayed positive contribution to tobacco production except fertilizer which was found significant but has revealed inverse relation with tobacco production. The mean technical efficiency was estimated at 0.85 depicting that tobacco growers can further amplify efficiency by 15% with given level of inputs. The inefficiency model estimates demonstrate that only experience of tobac...

 Ali Raza Shah**, Muhammad Saffar Mirjat**, Abdul Quadir Mughal***, Inayatullah Rajper** and Asif Ali Mirani****

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN A CLAY LOAM SOIL*
...atments while, it was nonsignificant between MT and CTF treatments. Similarly, soil volume disturbed and effective ploughing depth was maximum (P<0.05) under CT followed by MT, CTF and minimum under ZT. Similarly the operating speed was significantly higher (P<0.05) under CTF and lower under CT whereas, wheel slippage/travel reduction was significantly minimum (P<0.05) under CTF a...

 Syeda Nasreen*, Muhammad Ayub Khan*, Muhammad Arshad*, Maryam Kamal**, Doulat Baig *, M. Tariq*, Talat Gilani* and Musarrat Gilani*

COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES FOR SEED YIELD TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER
...-1 expressed the highest significant GCA effects for 1000- seed weight whereas female, CMS-303 represented the highest and significant GCA estimates for head diameter, yield and harvest index. Among male parents, RHA-295 expressed the highest significant magnitude for head diameter while SF-187R possessed the highest significant GCA effects for 1000-seed...

 Imdad Ali Mahmood*, Arshad Ali**, Armghan Shahzad**, Muhammad Asif Masud Ghumman***, Muhammad Arshad Ullah**, Tariq Sultan** and Badar-u-Zaman**

CROP RESIDUES AND PHOSPHORUS EFFECT ON YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE AND WHEAT GROWN UNDER SALINE-SODIC SOIL
...and subsequent wheat was significantly superior (22 % and 19%, -1 respectively) than that of higher P O application (120 kg ha ) without crop 2 5 residues incorporation. As a whole, constant two years crop residues incorporation further improved the paddy yield (9%) during the following years of crop harvesting. Economic analysis of both the crops was carried out to see the best treatment with sufficient economic benefits as compared to without crop residues i...

 Muhammad Mudasar Aslam ⃰, Muhammad Jamil**, Ijaz Malook**, Amana Khatoon*, Ali Rehman*, Abdur Rahim***, Pirzada Khan*, Shakir Ullah Khan Shakir*, Shahid Irfan*, Faizan Ullah****, Khair Ul Bashar**, Mahideen Afridi** and Shafiq Ur Rehman*

PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA, TAMARIX APHYLLA AND PEGANUM HARMALA ON PLANT GROWTH OF WHEAT AND MUSTARD
...germination of wheat was significantly decreased by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% while mustard seeds were resistant and were affected by higher dilutions (15%, 20% and 25%) of all plant extracts. Roots of both wheat and mustard were highly affected by plant aqueous extracts at all concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) but shoots were inhibited by higher concentrations (20% and 25%). This study revealed that wheat is more sensitive to different plant extracts...

  Sohaib Arshad*, Sarwat Naz Mirza*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar** and Maqbool Shahbaz**

DETERMINATION OF FORAGE QUALITY OF INDIGENOUS AND EXOTIC RHODES GRASS ACCESSIONS UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...These grasses have shown significant differences in fresh and dry matter -1 yield. Fresh matter yield ranged from 6.17 to 6.68t ha at pre- -1 -1 flowering, 9.67 to 11.83 t ha at full flowering and 22.83 to 27.80 t ha at m -1 aturity. While dry matter yield ranged from 0.86 to 1.38 t ha at pre- -1 -1 flowering, 1.73 to 2.78 t ha at fullflowering and 6.67 to 8.67 t ha at maturity stage. It could be attributed to their genetic inheritance potential. Mean value of...

Salar Khan Yousafzai*, Shah Masaud Khan*, Khalil ur Rehman**, Junaid Khan*, Sher Aslam Khan*, Ijaz Hussain* and Ishrat Naz***

RESPONSE OF TOMATO CULTIVARS TO DIFFERENT ORGANIC FERTILIZERS UNDER AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF MINGORA, SWAT
...st all the traits showed significant differences for organic fertilizers and varieties, while their interactions had a varied response. The analyzed data showed that poultry manure -1 -1 gave maximum yield (24.65 tha ), followed by FYM (24.38 tha ) and mushroom -1 compost (24.11 tha ) while minimum was recorded in plots where no organic fertilizer was used. The results revealed that cultivar, Rio Grand showed maximum number of plant survival percentage (98.33%...

 Hafiz Saqib Habib*, Arshad Mahmood Malik*, Abid Ali** and Muhammad Aamir Khan***

SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD FOOD EXPENDITURES IN RAWALPINDI
...f earners variables have significant impact on households' food expenditures. The qualification of household head, age and gender were insignificant regarding impacts on households' food expenditures. All the socioeconomic factors were positively elastic regarding food expenditures except marital status variable. Engels law analysis regarding necessities such as food items was confirmed by the food expenditures value of 0.20...

 Muhammad Qasim*, Khuda Bakhsh**, Sultan Ali Tariq*, Mahmood Nasir***, Rashed Saeed**** and Muhammad Ather Mahmood****

FACTORS AFFECTING GROUNDNUT YIELD IN POTHWAR REGION OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
... large farmers allocated significantly higher area (34%) to groundnut cultivation compared to other categories of farmers. The gross margins were also significantly higher at large farms. Ploughing frequency, seed rate and labor mandays have positive relationship with groundnut productivity. Therefore, the provision of improved groundnut production technologies package and improved seed to groundnut growers may enhance the p...

 Muhammad Farrukh Saleem*, Munir Ahmad*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza** and Abdul Shakoor*

EFFECT OF TOPPING UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS ON EARLINESS AND YIELD OF COTTON
...ile topping did show non-significant effect on these earliness related parameters. Number of sympodial branches was significantly affected by topping only; with maximum values recorded in no topping closely followed by topping at 150 cm height. Values showed that 90 cm tall plants -1 produced maximum seed cotton yield when supplied with 150 kg N ha ; 120 cm tall -1 plants gave maximum seed cotton with 200 kg N ha while 150 c...

 Muhammad Tahir* and Nawal Zafar* 

FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF RABI CEREALS SOWN ALONE AND IN BLENDED POPULATION AT VARIABLE SEED RATIOS
...iable seed ratios showed significant effects on fodder yield and quality traits. -1 The maximum number of tillers, number of leaves plant , leaf area, crop growth -1 -1 rate, fresh weight plant , dry weight plant , green forage yield and dry matter yield were obtained in plots where barley was sown alone at 100% seed ratio. The highest crude fiber and total ash percentage was observed in plots where oat was sown alone at 100% seed ratio and crude protein perce...

 Muhammad Mansoor*, Noman Latif*, Zafar Islam**, Sher Muhammad**, Amanullah* and Muhammad Umair***

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON SOIL CAPPING IN MUNGBEAN PRODUCTION USING CENTRAL PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN CLAYEY SOILS
...ht, and grain yield were significantly affected by different soil amendments at P>0.05, except for number of clusters per plant. -1 -1 Maximum of 6.2 branches plant , 62.6 pods plant , 8.3cm pod length, 8.9 grains -1 pod , and 43.3 g of 1000-grain were recorded in treatment where sand and FYM -1 was applied to Vigna radiata @ 60:60 kg plot . Moreover maximum grain yield of -1 1253 kg ha was also recorded in the same treatment; however, treatments with -1 -1...

Muhammad Zahid Kiani*, Tariq Sultan**, Arshad Ali**, Ghulam Qadir*** Imdad Ali Mahmood**, Tauseef Tabassam**, Muhammad Arshad Ullah** and Nasir Abbas* 

EFFECT OF PGPR STRAINS ON SUNFLOWER GROWTH AND NUTRIENT CONTENTS UNDER SALINITY STRESS
...he plant growth improved significantly with PGPR strain under salt stress. The root length, plant height, root and shoot weight increased up to 40%, 40%, 167% and 255%, -1 respectively over un-inoculated at 12 dS m salinity level. Whereas an increase of 38%, 54%, 109%, and 117% in root length, plant height, root weight and shoot -1 weight, respectively was observed over un-inoculated at 10 dS m salinity level. Improvement of 25%, 47%, 112%, and 98% in root len...

 Muneeb Zafar*, Tahir Mehmood**, Irfan Ahmad Baig**, Abdul Saboor** Mazher Abbas***, Shumaila Sadiq** and Khalid Mahmood****

ANALYTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF NON-OPTIMAL USE OF PESTICIDES AND HEALTH HAZARDS FOR VEGETABLE PICKERS
...Health cost function was significantly different from zero as 2 indicated by F-stat (32.18) and it is also supported by R that about 70% variation in health cost is explained by medication accompanied by productivity loss (Rs. 223), precautionary measure (Rs. 134), attended person cost (Rs. 14) and traveling expenditures (Rs. 16). Hence, strict legislation is required to overcome the availability of hazardous pesticides and to keep the vegetable pickers aware ...

Abdul Hameed Solangi*, Fateh Khan Nizamani*, Aqeel Ahmed Siddiqui*, Muzaffar Ali Khan**, Parwaiz Ahmed Baloch*, Riazuddin* and Khalil Ahmed Solangi***

FIELD COMPARISON AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF GUAR (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA L. TAUB.) GENOTYPES UNDER AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN
...Acc. Nos. 1-7 while, non-significant differences among Acc. Nos. 1, 3, 6 and 9. Moreover, results showed that high number of branches on Acc. Nos. 4, 10 and 11 as compared to Acc. Nos. 2 and 11 accessions, cluster/plant was high in Acc. No.3, 4, 5 and 6 genotypes as compared to Acc. Nos. 7, 10, 11 and 12 accessions whereas, nonsignificant difference was found in Acc. Nos. 1, 2, 8 and 9. However, pods/cluster was high in Acc....

 Farid Asif Shaheen*, Sadia Parveen*, Ahmed Zia**, Ghulam Qadir*,
Mureed Husain*** and Rifat Ullah Khan****

PREDATORY APTNESS OF ANTS AGAINST RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM HERBST (TENEBRIONIDAE: COLEOPTERA) IN WHEAT FLOUR
...66% pupae of RFB. It was significantly different from non-forest ant population and control with 73.33% and 11.66% pupal predation, respectively. C. rufipes from forest habitat showed maximum adult predation (25%), which was significantly higher than non-forest ant population and control jar with 15% and 3.33% adult predation, respectively. The forest population of M. minimum exhibited 56.66% larval predation that was

 Nisar Ahmed Soomro*, Abdul Fatah Soomro**, Hamz Ali Samo* and
Muhammad Siddique Depar***

GROWTH AND YIELD COMPARISONS OF FOUR COMMERCIAL WHEAT VARIETIES TO IRRIGATION FREQUENCIES
...ns were statistically nonsignificant; which suggested that judicious application of four irrigations will be adequate to produce higher economic grain yield ha .

...

 Abdul Razaq*, Muhammad Jamal Khan*, Tahir Sarwar* and Mohammad Jamal Khan**

EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION, SOWING METHODS AND MULCHING ON WHEAT YIELD AND NITROGEN UPTAKE
...ls of deficit irrigation significantly (P<0.05) affected wheat yield and nitrogen uptake. Raised beds cultivation produced higher number of tillers m (415), grain yield (5.13 t ha ), biological yield (12.02 t ha ) and total nitrogen uptake (141.7 kg ha ) as compared to the traditional flat bed. Similarly, mulch plots resulted in higher tillers m (404) wheat grain yield (4.94 t ha ), biological yield (11.94 t ha ) and total nitrogen uptake (137.6 kg ha ) tha...

 Shahid Iqbal Khattak*, Muhammad Amjad Nadim**, Mohammad Safdar Baloch**, Kashif Waseem** and Muhammad Sohail***

IMPACT OF VARIABLE SEEDING DATES ON CEREALS' PERFORMANCE UNDER AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF DERA ISMAIL KHAN
... four cereals showed non-significant results. Among different dates, January 1 sowing had the poorest performance in almost all parameters. However, the highest grain yield (3104 kg ha ) was produced by October 15 sowing while the results of November 15 and thereafter sowing were nonsignificant with each other. Data on lodging of these cereal crops was also observed during the study. Barley was the crop showing maximum lodgi...

 Abdul Haq*, Anjum Shehzad**, Muhammad Ilyas**, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi**, Abdul Rauf Bhatti** and Mian Inayatullah*

DIVERSITY AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF CITRUS POLLINATORS IN DISTRICT HARIPUR, PAKISTAN
... Shannon-H does not show significant difference. Shannon's diversity shows that Naseem Town is most diverse locality then Nikrian B with relative values of 2.213 and 1.136.

...

 Inayat-Ur-Rahman*, Shamsher Ali**, Mukhtar Alam*, Mohammad Adnan*, Hidayat ullah*, Muhammad Faisal Anwar Malik*, Abdul Sattar Shah* Mohammad Ibrahim*

EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING ON GERMINATION PERFORMANCE AND YIELD OF OKRA ( L.)
...c potential and duration significantly affected germination percentage, which increased as osmotic potential lowered from 0 to -1.2 Mpa while further lowering osmotic potential to -1.6 Mpa and below adversely affected germination. Similarly, germination percentage significantly enhanced as priming duration increased from 6h to 12h but further increase in duration from 12h to 18h caused insignificant<...

Basharat Hussain Shah*, F. S. Hamid*, Shams ul Islam*, Fayaz Ahmad*, Sohail Aslam*, and Noorullah Khan*

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD AND OTHER ATTRIBUTES AT SHINKIARI, MANSEHRA

 Muhammad Tahir* and Neelam Yasin*

EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTS FOLIAR APPLICATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF MAIZE
...icronutrients treatments significantly improved plant height, cob length, number of grains rows cob , cob weight, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, grain protein and grain oil contents. However, micronutrients application at stem elongation stage showed non-significant effect on plant papulation and number of cobs plant . Therefore, for attaining maximum yield of maize, it is suggested that 250...

Mehwish Kiran*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani*, Kashif Waseem*
and Muhammad Sohail**

EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RADISH ( L)
...ttributes and yield were significantly enhanced by the application of organic manures and NPK. The highest values were found in NPK treated plants followed by PM, GM, SS, PrM and FYM, respectively.

...

 Raza Ullah*, Mariam Rehman*, Maria Anjum*, Muhammad Asif
Kamran**, Khuda Bakhsh***, Abdul Saboor****

NAVIGATING FARMING RISKS BY SIMULTANEOUS DIVERSIFICATION AND CREDIT THROUGH FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
...l sources of information significantly encourages the use of both of the risk management tools to manage farm risk. Based on the information from the bivariate and multinomial probit approaches the agricultural extension educators can also improve their programs to guide the farmers in a better way and target farmers who need risk management information the most. At policy level, emphasis may be given to formal training and awareness of the farmers for diversi...

 Ghazala Nawaz*, Muhammad Nawaz Malik**, Muhammad Hassan
Mushtaq***, Fraz Munir Ahmad****, Ali Abdullah Shah*****, Farooq
Iqbal******, Shinawar Waseem Ali*******, Zahida Fatima******** and
Amjad Khan*********

SURVEILLANCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN LIVESTOCK IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...n buffaloes was (7.86%), significantly (P<0.01) higher than small ruminants (5.84%) and cattle (2.05%). Being a subtropical region, geographically significant (P<0.01) variation was observed in burden and pattern of brucellosis i.e., the highest prevalence was in Central (14.81%) followed by South (0.5%) and northern (0.4%) Punjab. Considering the high mean prevalence and its zoonotic importance it can be devastating i...

 Sadaf Javaria*, Muhammad Qasim Khan*, Kashif Waseem*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani*, Habib ur Rahman*, Muhammad Sohail Khan* and Muhammad Sohail**

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON IMPACT OF BIO AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZES ON COMPOSITION AND SHELF LIFE OF TOMATO ( ) FRUIT.
...ed that nutrient sources significantly affected different quality parameters including; physicochemical (vitamin C, lycopene, total soluble solids and pericarp thickness); sensory (fruit color, fruit flavor and fruit firmness) and shelf life. It was concluded that bio-fertilizer integrated with Farmyard Manure emerged as better nutrient source over other treatments. Benefits of bio fertilizer application were more in the presence of Farmyard Manure on quality ...

 

Shakir Ullah*, Aish Muhammad*, Iqbal Hussian*, Hafeez-Ur-Rahman**, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder***, Muhammad Din**** and Nizamud Din

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN APRICOT CULTIVARS GROWN IN GILGIT BALTISTAN PAKISTAN

 Abdul Rehman Khan*, Muhammad Mahmood–Ul-Hassan**, Rizwan Ahmad** and Anjum Munir ***

ARSENIC III TOLERANCE POTENTIAL OF FUNGI ISOLATED FROM POLLUTED AND NON-POLLUTED SOILS OF PAKISTAN
...lamentous fungi can play significant role in bioremediation due to their large surface area and metal sorption capacity. In present study, arsenic (As) tolerance of indigenous filamentous fungi was explored. Fungal strains were isolated from peri-urban soils of Multan and Gujranwala irrigated with untreated industrial or municipal effluent. Some fungal strains were also isolated from non-polluted soils of Islamabad area. Arsenic (III) tolerance potential of 18...

 

ROLE OF HONEY BEES FORAGING ACTIVITIES IN INCREASED FRUIT SETTING AND PRODUCTION OF APPLES APIS MELLIFERA MALUS DOMESTICA

...T ,control). There was a significant increase in the apple fruit setting and weight gain in pollinated plants compared to non-pollinated plants. Maximum number of fruits per panicle were 5.33±0.51(Mean±SE) whereas the highest fruit weight 170±2.65g (Mean±SE) was recorded in plants provided with augmentation of honey bees along with natural pollination. The lowest fruit weight of 80±3.05g (Mean±SE) and the minimum 0.33&...

 Asif ullah Khan*, Faizan Ullah*, Sultan Mehmood*, Muhammad Irshad* and Farhat Ullah Khan**

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON EARLY SEEDLING GROWTH OF L. PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS
...ion of the extract (25%) significantly decreased seed germination (%), seed germination index, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, seedling relative water content and seed vigor index. It was inferred from findings of the present investigation that aqueous extract of exhibits inhibitory effects on growth and development of and therefore could be a potential source of botanical herbicide in the control of this ...

 Ehsanullah*, Muhammad Amjad Shahzad*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Ali Zohaib*, Muhammad Ishfaq* and Ejaz Ahmad Warraich*

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOWING METHODS AND PLANTING DENSITIES ON GROWTH, YIELD, FIBER QUALITY AND ECONOMIC EFFICACY OF COTTON
...d 75 cm). Sowing methods significantly affected growth and yield of cotton. Pit planting imposed maximum increase in plant height (152 cm), number of monopodial branches (4.7) and sympodial branches (22.6) per plant, number of unopened (9.4) and opened bolls (41.1) per plant, and average boll weight (3.0 g) of cotton. However, highest seed cotton yield (2944.5 kg ha ) was obtained by flat sowing on 25 cm apart rows owing to highest planting density per unit ar...

Muhammad Nawaz*, Anwar Javaid Wahla*, Muhammad Saleem Kashif*, Masood Qadir Waqar**, Muhammad Anjum Ali*** and Asim Raza Chadhar****

EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS NITROGEN LEVELS ON THE YIELD OF RICE GRAIN IN SHEIKHUPURA, PAKISTAN
...nt nitrogen levels had a significant effect on all studied parameters of both rice cultivars during all the years of experimentation. Both cultivars also differed significantly from each other in number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and paddy yield during all the years of experimentation. Application of nitrogen at 255 kg ha was the most suitable level of nitrogen for both the cultivars. The performance of KSK-133 w...

 Syed Haider Abbas*, Ayesha Tahir**, Muhammad Asim***, Muhammad Sohail* and Riaz-ud-Din*

PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF WHEAT PAK-13 AT DIFFERENT SEEDING DENSITIES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...ensity 100 kg/ha and was significantly different among various levels of seeding density. Again, the profitability analysis show the maximum gross margin (Rs. 98920/ha) and BCR (3.44) at 100 kg/ha seeding density level.

...

Sher Muhammad , Ijaz Ashraf*, Amir Khatam**, and Naima
Nawaz*** 

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES OF MODEL FARM SERVICES CENTERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
.... There existed a highly significant association between age, education, land holding, and tenancy status of the respondents and their participation in various activities being carried out under MFSCs. It is recommended that relatively young, educated, big and owner farmers may be given priority for registration in MFSCs so that they could avail full benefits of MFSCs through active participation.

...

 Nasarullah*, Raiz uddin*, Fakhar Uddin* and Muhammad Jamal*

INTERPRETING WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR GRAIN YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT REGIMES OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...sis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, locations and genotype by environment interactions for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), spike length (cm), spikelets spike , 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Flag leaf area (cm displayed non-significant differences across environments and its interaction with genotypes. Mean values across the environments range between 147.17 to 174.00, ...
Muhammad Sharif1*, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Ansar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Syed Abdul Sadiq5
...on of crop residues,whilesignificantly lower values were recorded under ZT without residue return (54 plants m-2, 4.33Mg ha-1, 2.02Mg ha-1, respectively). The gross margins were highest with crop residue return under RT (Rs. 109375) followed by MT (Rs. 101800) and CT (Rs. 97840), whereas ZT without residue return gave the lowest gross margin of Rs. 7187.The study indicated that reduced tillage (chiseling) with retention of crop...
Wazha Mugabe1,3,Gaolebale Segolame Mpapho1, John Kamau1, Wameotsile Mahabile2, Shalaulani James Nsoso1, Kealeboga Dipheko1 and Assar Ali Shah3,*
...ding <1L/day (40%). A significantly (P<0.05) high (62%) proportion of farmers adopted a 3-4 months lactation period while longer lactation periods (>4 months) were the least adopted at 4%. A significantly (P<0.05) high proportion (58%) of the farmers were not informed on mastitis nor its management. From the 38 farmers informed on the diseases only, 76% were able to diagnose the disease. Most diagnosis was based ...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Farkhanda Khan2, Muhammad Kashan3, Qadir Ullah4 and Abdur Rauf5
...pplication. N treatments significantly affected the N uptake, N use efficiencies, lint yield and fiber quality traits. Drilling of 24 kg N ha−1 as DAP into soil at cotton seeding followed by three top-dressing of 42 kg N ha−1 each just prior to first, second and third irrigations significantly enhanced seed cotton yield, quality, N uptake and N efficiencies compared to conventional practices...
Anum Rafique, Sajid Abdullah, Khalid Abbas, Huma Naz* and Wardah Hassan
...sults were statistically significant.
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Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Zafarullah Baloch3 

.... Age and experience are significantly correlated variables with r = 0.951 at 1% alpha level. Results from regression analysis revealed that age, education and experience are strong predictors in the model to increase the knowledge level of the respondents for production, processing and marketing of the dates in district Panjgur.
 

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Mohammad Nazeer* and Safdar Hussain Shah 

...stify;">Livestock play a significant role in the developing economy of Pakistan. Goat is population wise one of the major livestock specie of Pakistan. This study was conducted to analyze morphological traits of four indigenous goat breeds of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The breeds selected for this study were namely Damani, Surguli, Kaghani and Gaddi. Data was collected from two districts to the south (Dera Ismail Khan and Kohat) and two dist...
Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Arshad1, Rashid Mahmood2,* and Ziyad Abdul Qadir2
... results, all acaricides significantly reduced the infestation levels of varroa mite on adult honeybees and worker brood and the efficacy of Perizin® and Apistan® was high (91.3%±0.81 and 81.6%±1.2, respectively). Lowest mite mortality (52.3%±1.2) was recorded in Apitol® treatment. Overall, the data indicated that acaricides like Perizin® and Apistan® were highly ef...
Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2 and Saleh S. Alhewairini1,*
... lycopersici with no significant effect on N. cucumeris. Under greenhouse conditions, the mortality percentages were 81.17, 84.11, 92.74 and 95.10% for A. lycopersici and 15.86, 23.45, 33.33 and 58.19% for N. cucumeris after one week of exposure to 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000ppm of Huwa-San TR50, respectively. Under laboratory conditions, the mortality percentages were 83.24, 85.13, 94.21 and 97.36% for A. lycopersici and 17.14, 2...
Zheng Quan Jiang1,2, Feng Shan Li3, Jiang Hong Ran1,*, Chen Hao Zhao1, Man Zhang1 and Hua Li4
... types of nests all were significantly different in the order: floating grass nests >dirt mound nests >grass mound nests >natural island nests, indicating that nest size was related to nest type. Among the three kinds of nest-site habitats, there were no significant differences in nest length and nest width, but differences were found in nest height and nest volume in the order: lake nests >river nests >swamp ...
Yanxiao Meng1, Guihua Wang1, Dongmei Xiong1,*, Haixia Liu1, Xiaolin Liu1, Lixin Wang1 and Jianlu Zhang2
...etric analysis indicated significantly morphological variation in body shape among three morphotypes based on 18 landmarks. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components were 72.99%. CV1 (65.77%) and CV2 (34.23%) were well explained 100% of the observed variation among three morphotypes by Canonical variate analyses (CVA). The morphological variation was well defined by PCA and CVA: B....
Muhammad Zameer Kayani1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Muhammad Arshad Hussain3
...noculum densities caused significant reductions in growth and yield of cucumber and were found to be positively correlated with the latter. On the other hand, ages of plants at inoculation had negative correlations with reductions in these parameters at each inoculum density. The production of galls was found to be positively correlated with the inoculum densities and plant ages. However, rate of nematode build up decreased with an increase in inoculum density...

Irfan Ullah, Shahid Ali*, Muhammad Fayaz and Abbas Ullah Jan 

...-0.159 and statistically significant at 5% significant level which implies that output level need to be increased which ultimately leads to decrease inefficiency of resources allocation. In allocative inefficiency effect model, estimates of education and experience were negative and statistically significant which implies that educated and experienced broiler farmers efficiently allocated...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza2, Muhammad Afzal2,Hafiz Salah-ud-Din2, Imtiaz Sarwar2, Muhammad Yahya2 and Khurram Shehzad3
... biodiversity and play a significant role in soil biological functioning and sustained productivity. As these fauna readily respond to biotic and abiotic perturbations in soil profiles, different land-use systems have different community assemblages of macroinvertebrates. This study was conducted to determine the impact of different land-use types viz. natural (grassland, forest/silviculture, barren) and agricultural (lemon, guava, lychee orchards, rice...
Fatmagün Aydin1,* and Fatma Burcu Harmantepe2
...kocyte counts) showed no significant (P>0.05) differences between the control and all other treatments. Feed intake, specific growth rate, weight gain and final weight were decreased significantly with the increase of sage oil levels in diets (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in hepatosomatic index (HIS), viscero somatic index (VSI) and condition factor (CF). The data of ...
Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1,*, Shagufta Andleeb2, Maha Tahir1, Beenish Zahid1 and Madeeha Arshad1
...eated groups indicated a significant (p<0.05 to p<0.001) reduction in fetal body weight, crown rump length, head circumference, eye circumference, forelimb and hind limb lengths and tail size compared to control fetuses. Morphological studies of fetuses showed abnormalities like micromelia, skeletal defects, hemorrhages, displacement of limbs, open eyelids and distorted axis. Histological defects included dilation and absence of ventricles, underdevelope...
Alaeldein M. Abudabos*, Abdullah N. Al-Owaimer, Elsayed O.S. Hussein and Mutahar H. Ali
... age. Results revealed a significant two way interaction for body weight gain (BW) and feed intake (FI) (P<0.01) for the first week of the trial (15-22 day). The effect of treatment in the second week (23-30 day) was less pronounced and treatment had no effect on performance. Cumulative performance results for the period (15-30 day) showed that feed intake was affected by temperature (P<0.05). It can be concluded that natural vitamin C 100 has no a major...
Xiaopeng Tang1,3, Rong Xiang1, Sijia Chen1,3, Shufen Yang1,3, Hu Liu1,3, Rejun Fang1,3,* and Aike Li2,
...FCSM and EHCSM increased significantly (P < 0.05). (2) FCSM, and EHCSM has no effects on AA digestibility and AME (P > 0.05), but the TME for FCSM was significant higher than untreated CSM and EHCSM (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the solid-state fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis method offer effective approach to improving the quality of unconventional protein sources, such as the CSM....
Zhiping Hu, Hussain Ahmad, Jingfei Zhang, Lili Zhang and Tian Wang*
...sphatase in T2 group was significantly decreased at 21d, blood urea nitrogen and alanine aminotransferase were significantly increased compared to CON group at 42d in broilers. Serum globulin content (21d) and total protein content (42d) were lower in T2 group than that of CON group. Serum total antioxidant capacity was higher and malondialdehyde content was lower in T1 group than that of CON group at 21d. Serum glutathione ...
Ali Murad Rahoo1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2, Ali Murad Jakhar3, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo3
...es recovered. There were significantly greater numbers of S. feltiae in the 50 and 500 IJ treatments than the 10 IJ dose. On the other hand, the lowest dose of H. bacteriophora did not yield any IJ. Similarly, days did not affect the recovery of nematodes from T. molitor cadavers. However, this effect was consistent over all the exposure periods but in the case of S. feltiae there was a significant
Saba Parveen Samo1, Moolchand Malhi1,*, Javed Gadahi2, Yan Lei3, Allah Bux Kaciwal1 and Saeed Ahmed Soomro1
...4 vs 2.32 ± 0.03) significantly increased (P < 0.05) in B compared to A. The weights of liver, heart, kidney and spleen were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the groups, however, the lung weight increased in B (1.15 ± 0.04 vs 0.99 ± 0.04, P < 0.05) compared to A. Digestibility trails revealed that utilization of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF) increased (P ...
Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska1,*, Magdalena Skibicka1, Barbara Cioch-Szklarz1, Jolanta Karakulska2, Karol Fijałkowski2 and Sonia Hiller3
...alves were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). In the cold and traditional rearing bulls had a larger mass than heifer calves. In traditional rearing, results of analysis of the swabs from the nasal cavities revealed the presence of pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria at the level of the average number of micro-organisms (11-50 CFU) or high (> 50 CFU), which negatively affected the health of the calves. However, in cold rearing there was recorded abse...
Ali Haider Saleem1,*, Khalid Javed2, Masroor Ellahi Babar3, Tanveer Hussain3, Asad Ali2, Afzal Ali2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Zahid Farooq1 and Muhammad Dawood2
...encoded by LEP gene, has significant importance in regulating various functions like growth, puberty, reproduction and milk production in both animals and humans. The sequence variations have been studied, reported and associated with many growth traits like weaning weight, six month body weight and nine-month body weight etc. in cattle, buffalo, goat and sheep worldwide. LEP gene polymorphism and associations have not been extensively reported in Lohi sheep o...
Grace C. Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie, Christopher D. Nwani*, R.N.N. Obiezue and I.C. Okoye
...squito abundance was not significant (p < 0.05). Malaria prevalence in Nigeria is influenced by Anopheles mosquito abundance. This association is affected by variation in temperature and relative humidity of the environment.
...
Wei Dang1, Ning Xu1, Wen Zhang1, Jing Gao2, Handong Fan1 and Hongliang Lu 1,*
... liver, Hsp70 expression significantly increased after 38°C heat shock. We then collected other three lizard species, Plestiodon chinensis, Sphenomorphus indicus, and Scincella modesta, from geographical locations near each other, but with different microhabitats. We observed considerable variation in Hsp70 expression; the constitutive Hsp70 expression varied between organs and between species ...
Muhammad Umair Sattar1, Aysha Sameen1,*, Nuzhat Huma1 and Muhammad Shahid2
...eese milk homogenization significantly (p<0.01) affected the composition, functionality, texture and appearance of LFMCs. LFMCs functionality and texture also improved during ripening but appearance was negatively affected. Reverse phase HPLC results indicated that level of intact casein in LFMCs decreased with increase in ripening period. Use of guar gum at 0.15% level (G0.15) was found to be more effective as it act synergistically with ...
Nasir Abbas1, Muhammad Suleman1, Nazir Ahmad Khan2,*, Ijaz Ali3, Mubashir Rauf1,5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman4,*
...om Mansehra. Finally, no significant difference (P<0.05) in PCR based positivity was found among all three types of bird population. Altogether, the observed high seropositivity and concomitant isolation of MG from CRD suspected birds investigated in the Northern region of Pakistan strongly suggest to initiate a comprehensive effective surveillance programme.
...
Shireen Ihsan Izzaddeen1 and Ali Kaygısız2,*
...e milk did not cause any significant change in weekly live weight gain (kg), total weaning live weight gain (kg), weekly chest girth measurements (cm), weaning chest girth (cm), dry matter, roughage and concentrate feed consumption (gr), total milk consumption (kg), feed conversion ratio (kg), total cost and unit cost (P>0.05). However, essential oil contained calf’s milk decreased fecal evaluation score and number of days with diarrhea (P<0.05). T...

Amjad Ali1, Rajan Shrestha2, Ghaffar Ali1, Irfan Ullah1 and Salman Khan1 

...pesticides have positive significant effect on sugarcane yield. Resource use efficiency analysis shows that marginal value product (MVP) to marginal factor cost (MFC) ratios for labor days, irrigation, urea, FYM and pesticides are more than unity indicate underutilization of these resources which underlines scope of expansion in these resources. Study results illustrate that land, seed quantity, tractor hours and DAP are over utilized which need readjustment. ...

Amjad Ali1, Rajan Shrestha2, Ghaffar Ali1, Irfan Ullah1 and Salman Khan1 

...pesticides have positive significant effect on sugarcane yield. Resource use efficiency analysis shows that marginal value product (MVP) to marginal factor cost (MFC) ratios for labor days, irrigation, urea, FYM and pesticides are more than unity indicate underutilization of these resources which underlines scope of expansion in these resources. Study results illustrate that land, seed quantity, tractor hours and DAP are over utilized which need readjustment. ...
Chuanpeng Zhou1, Heizhao Lin2,*, Zhong Huang2, Jun Wang1, Yun Wang1 and Wei Yu2
...asma insulin content was significantly lower at 1, 3, 6 and 12 h after oral administration of both doses of glucose (P<0.05). Compared to the low dose of glucose group, the high dose of glucose group has lower plasma glucagon content 12 h after oral administration, higher muscle and hepatic glycogen contents 6 h after oral administration (P<0.05). The hepatic pyruvate kinase activity peaked 6 h after oral administration in both doses of glucose gr...
Yan Li1, Kai Zhan1,*, Junying Li1, Wei Liu1, Ruiyu Ma1, Shengnan Liu1, Tao Han2, Shaoquan Li2, Shaolin Wang2 and Yang Hu2
...birds laid the first egg significantly earlier age, and had significantly lower laying rate, mortality and body weight of hens. NM birds however had significantly higher albumen height, Haugh units and yolk colour. No significant differences were found in other laying performances and egg quality characteristics. Except for the back region of AI females ...
Lili Zhang, Yuanxiao Wang, Yili Kong, Hussain Ahmad, Rui Yan, Li Dong, Jingfei Zhang and Tian Wang*
... and ADFI were decreased significantly by IUGR from birth to 160 days of age (P<0.05). At 28 and 160 days of age, the serum urea nitrogen levels of the IUGR pigs were significantly higher than the NBW pigs (P<0.05). The serum insulin levels of the IUGR pigs were significantly lower (P<0.05) than the NBW pigs at 28 and 66 days of age. The serum leptin level was

Ikramullah Khan1,2*, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Sohail Akhtar2, Ijaz Ali3 and Ghufran Ullah4 

... physiological parameterssignificantly (P < 0.001). Holstein Frisian manifested maximumincrease in RT, RR and PR (3.33, 209.50 and 59.41%) than crossbred (0.59, 40.22 and 22.0%), Sahiwal (0.78, 42.54 and 34.31%) and Achai (0.78, 39.22 and 33.85%) respectively (P < 0.001).Thermal stress increased biochemical changes significantly (P < 0.001). The increase in serum glucose, cortisol and HSP-70 concentrations wasmaximu...
Muhammad Tariq Zahid1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2, Soumble Zulfiqar3, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3,4*
...farahensis exhibited significant copper storage ability removing 54.9 % copper from medium within 96 h of 30 µg/ml copper stress. The maximum uptake rate was observed within 30 min of copper administration in response to 5-100 µg Cu++/ml in the medium. Quantitative analysis showed that TfCuMT is a copper inducible gene, the basal transcriptional level of which increased within 15 min of 10 µg/ml copper exposure upto 87.3...
María Magdalena Crosby-Galván1, Bernardino Espinoza-Velasco1 and Mónica Ramirez-Mella2,*
...matter digestibility was significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05), while gas production tended to decrease (P≤0.1) with the addition of residue of chihua pumpkin. Under the conditions of this study, it was concluded that the residue of chihua pumpkin could be an environmentally friendly and ecological alternative for feeding ruminants that can be incorporated into the diet as much as 30% of the ration. However, this study was limited to an in ...
Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar*1, Amir Shakeel1, Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar2, Sumaira Zareen2, Syeda Sana Aamir4 and Muhammad Asadullah4
...is of variance displayed significant differences among parents and hybrids indicating the presence of genetic variability except fiber fineness. δ2GCA/δ2SCA ratio depicted the predominance of non-additive types of gene action for plant height, number of monopodial branches, number of sympodial branches, numbers of bolls, boll weight, seed cotton yield, lint percentage, fiber length and fiber strength. The parents VH-259, CRS-4...
Shagufta Andleeb*1, Shabana Shaukat1, Chaman Ara2
...Cadmium chloride induced significant developmental abnormalities such as reduced body weight and crown rump length, exencephaly, ablepharia, crossed beak, gastroschisis, crooked toes, non-alcoholic fatty liver and pyknosis. Fresh garlic juice has successfully attenuated these toxicities and increased the body weight, crown rump length. Results of present study determine that garlic is a potential antidote to ameliorate the cadmium induced teratogenic and hepat...
Olaniyi Alaba Olopade1,*, Henry Eyina Dienye1, Bosede Jimba1, Nathanael Akinsafe Bamidele2, Iyabo Olusola Taiwo2
.../i>from Buguma Creek was significantly (p<0.005) higher than New Calabar River. These results demonstrate that the well-being of the species was slightly better in Buguma Creek than New Calabar River. Collectively these findings confirmed the ability of the species to thrive in brackish water and freshwater, and that these parameters support the assessment of the well-being of different fish in different locations.
...

Muhammad Suleman Bacha1*, Mohammad Nafees1 and Syed Adnan2
 

...fy;">Climate variability significantly affects water, food and energy sectors particularly in developing countries. The current study focused on farmer’s perception about climate change vulnerabilities, their adaptation measures and relationship with the changing climatic records in the district Swat (Pakistan). The data collected through household interviews and focus group discussions. Total 177 questionnaires administered to sample households and 9 FG...
Riyadh S. Aljumaah*, Mohammed A. Alshaikh, Abdulrahman Jarelnabi, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman and Mansour F. Hussein
...n of odds ratio revealed significant association of the sex and location of the camels with N. caninum seropositivity. On the other hand, neither the breed nor age of the camels was significantly associated with seropositivity.Studies are needed to evaluate other potential risk factors and to assess the pathogenic effects and economic consequences of neosporosis in camels.
...
Mei Li1, Di Zhang2 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
...ng tannic acid showed no significant changes in RMR, GEI and DEI. The apparent digestibility and NST were kept stabled during the experiment. These results indicated that tannic acid can increase RMR and reduce energy intake within a short period and the changed physiological function returned to baseline for a long period. Tannic acid has no effect on body mass and no significant difference was detected in NST between pre- ...
Naimat Ullah1,3,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Avais1, Nisar Ahmad2, Sana Ullah3, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Khalid Mehmood5, Mumtaz Ali Khan1 and Ikramul Haq1
...pattern were observed as significant factors associated with the disease occurrence. On the other hand, the effect of age and breed on the occurrence of disease was observed as non-significant. Biochemical examination revealed a significant increase in Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, serum creatinine, urea whereas decrease in glucose level in diseased animals. The cur...
Song Jiang1,2, Fa-lin Zhou3, Jian-hua Huang1, Qi-bin Yang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1,*
...t the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Furthermore, the body energy values (Eb) slightly decreased in both groups. The increase in the gonad energy value (Eg) was significantly higher in the treatment than control group (P<0.01). Thus, the broodstock showed negative growth in their breeding season from the perspective of body energy value. During the experimental period, food...
Farhan Ahmad1,*, Muhammad Waris Sanjrani1, Shah Nawaz Khuhro1, Asif Sajjad2, Abid Ali3, Rashad Rasool Khan3, Farooq Ahmed3 and Junhe Liu4,*
...013 seasons. There was a significant difference in whitefly population and percent parasitism among the fourteen districts. The highest average whitefly populationof two consecutive years was recorded in Khaipur, Sukhur, Sangar and Nausharo Feroze i.e. 7.5, 6.1, 5.6 and 5.5 individuals per leaf, respectively. While the lowest was recorded in Hyderabad (1.9) and Mirpurkhas (2.2). On the other hand, the highest percent parasitism was observed in Khaipur, Tando M...
Jun-Ying Liu, He-He Liu*, Jie Kou, Yang-Mei Zhao, Ji-Wen Wang, Liang Li and Xiao-Hui Du
...ested that LPS injection significantly increased the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in bursa of Fabricius (P<0.05), along with an increase in the concentrations of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in the serum of ducks at 1 day and 7 days after LPS injection (P<0.05). However, there were no apparent changes in organ index or the relative expression of TLR4 and IgM (P>0.05). Furthermor...
Sherin Reda Rouby
...non-endemic regions with significant economic implication. Capripoxvirus isolates are extremely conserved with genome identities of at least 96% between SPPV, GTPV and LSDV. The LSDV is similar in antigenicity and in cultural characteristics to SPPV. The current study was delineated to identify capripoxviruses from different clinical samples and differentiate capripoxviruses without the need of gene sequencing. A total of 16 lumpy skin disease clinic...
Abdul Majid Ujjal2, Sharmin Akter1* and Suman Paul1 
...valence of FMD was found significantly higher in Jaintapur (26.75%) than rest two Upazilas. Highest prevalence of FMD (36.08%) was observed at young animal (above 2-4 years) followed by Adults (15.10%) and calf (5.60%). Epidemic curves using the information of weekly occurrence of FMD showed consistent occurrence of this disease round the year with peaks during winter season. Similar analysis was also done for HS and like FMD, highest prevalence (16.14%) found...

Muhammad Suhaib1, Ijaz Ahmad2*, Masooma Munir3, Muhammad Bilal Iqbal4 , Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 and Safdar Ali6 

...jab-2011 respectively. A significant improvement in shoot length was observed with the application of salicylic acid. Same trend was found for root length. Salt stress lowered the chlorophyll contents, number of tillers and K+/Na+ ratio in both genotypes but the application of salicylic acid improve all the mentioned parameters significantly. The treatment effect of 0.25 mM salicylic acid was more effective under both levels...

Azhar Mehmood1,2,*, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem2, Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3, Tasawer Abbas4, Ali Zohaib2, Hafiz Tassawar Abbas

...nd biological yield were significantly affected by varying levels of nitrogen and boron fertilizers. Results revealed that boron/nitrogen synergetic effect additively increased yield and yield components in sunflower plant. The oil and protein contents of sunflower were significantly affected by varying levels of both nitrogen and boron and maximum oil contents were observed when boron was applied @ 2 kg ha-1 with 0 kg ha-1 ...
Noor Fatima1, Muhammad Irfan2,*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
...present study were found significant. The cellulase enzyme produced in this process affectively hydrolyzes the pretreated substrate at temperature of 50oC and 53 h of incubation period by releasing reducing sugars of 0.74 mg/ml. This study ensures the effective usage of lignocellulosic biomass at large scale biofuel production. 
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Muhammad Iftikharul Husnain1, Aneel Salman1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Tahir Mahmood3 

...s controlled and becomes significantly higher (6 percent to 13 percent) than the previously reported findings in the literature. The findings suggest that endogeneity is a crucial issue and must be controlled before carrying out an empirical analysis on the temperature-agriculture nexus to obtain reliable estimates of the regression coefficients. Policymakers should pay more attention to combat negative impacts of rising temperature. This will have an impact o...
Mousa O. Germoush1,*, Mohsen G. Al-Mutary2, Ahmad R. Al-himaidi3, Muath G. Al-Ghadi3, Daisaku Iwamoto3,4, Yousef Al-anazi3, Aiman Ammari3, Javed Ahmad3,5, Abdulaziz Al-Khedhairy3,5
... 40% SFF supplementation significantly decreased maturation and cleavage. SFF supplemented at 10% concentration showed a significant increase in blastocyst development when compared with other groups. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant increase in BAX expression in groups supplemented with SFF 20% and 40%, whereas the expression of BCL-2 was significan...
Jehangir Khan1,*, Rasheedullah1, Bakht Tarin Khan2, Ayaz Ahmad3, Muhammad Salman4 and Khalid Khan5
... gender wise result (non-significant) showed 10% and 10.7% active HCV infection rates in males and females respectively. The RT-PCR based result observed maximum infection (14%) in individuals of 41-50 years and minimum (2.7%) in individuals of 10-20 years. The ICT resulted in poor screening for HCV infections. The main route of HCV transmission in males is the sharing razors (33.33%), while in females, is the reuse of contaminated syringes (42%) at maternity ...
Hamayun Khan1,*, Abdul Wahab1, Navaid Kazi2, Younas Muhammad1,Summaya Kazi3, Salman Kazi4, Azmatullah Khan1, Ikramullah Khan5 and Shakoor Ahmad1
...triglyceride and ALT was significantly down regulated whereas creatinine, BUN, and AST was up regulated in the amniotic fluid at the end of fetal growth of successful pregnancy in rabbits. 
...

Nihal Ahmad Hadi, Shahid Ali* and Umer Wahid

 

... labor have positive and significant effect on broiler output. Technical inefficiency results showed that estimated coefficients of age of broiler farmers, education and experience were negative and statistically significant. This means that with the increase in age of broiler farmers, education and experience, technical inefficiency decreases. It is recommended that broiler farmers needs to increase the number of day old ch...

Shahid Ali1* and Salamat Ali2  

... there was statistically significant difference between the cost of production and net revenue of open shed and EC shed farms. Cost of production of open shed was PKR 247.22 per broiler and that of EC shed was PKR 221.61 per broiler. Gross revenue was PKR 257.489 per broiler for open shed and PKR 294.112 per broiler for EC shed. Net revenue was PKR 10.269 per broiler for open shed and PKR 72.502 per broiler for EC shed. It is suggested that open shed broiler f...

Habibullah* and Sahib Alam  

...iochar and N application significantly (p≤0.05) increased soil pH whereas soil OM was substantially enhanced only with biochar at the reproductive stage of maize. However, at this stage, the effect of biochar and N application was not significant (p≥0.05) on soil EC. At maturity stage of maize crop, soil pH, OM and EC were not significantly (p≥0.05) varied from that at reproductiv...
Felicia NkechiEkeh*, Ifeanyi Oscar Ndimkaoha Aguzie, Joy Ihuoma Nzei, Chinenye Maria-Goretti Ohanu, Godwin Ikechukwu Ngwu and ChukwudiebubeUgolo
...n control. Both extracts significantly enhanced D. maculatus larval and adult mortality (p < 0.05). Larval emergence in 8, 12 and 15% (w/w) of P. guineense and C. annum were significantly reduced than in the control (p < 0.05). The three concentrations of P. guineense and 15% (w/w) of C. annum lowered weight loss of the fish significantly (p < 0....
Kashifa Naghma Waheed1,2,*, Zaid Mehmood2 and Sikender Hayat1
... significance and showed significantly higher quantities of Ca, Na, K, Fe, Mg followed by relatively lower quantities of Al, Mn and low quantities of Zn, Co, Ba, Li, Pb, Cu, Sr, Ni, Cr, La and Cd. It was concluded that this naturally fortified by-product of sugar industry can be beneficially employed as a valuable futuristic fertilizer in aquaculture processes.
...

Nadia Faqir1, Aish Muhammad2*, Ghulam Muhammad Ali2, Armghan Shehzad2, Hafeez Ur Rahman3, Farhatullah4 and Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder

...of variance has revealed significant variation among the studied date palm samples pertaining to the studied physical traits and chemical composition of fruit. Sequences of the maturase k gene has complete identity to the reference genome of ‘Khalas’ cultivar. While geranyl geranyl biphosphate reductase has one synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in Qantar, Hamin wali, Kupra and Shakri, suggesting a lack of divergence in these genes in the st...

Murad Khan1* and Muhammad Afzal2 

...dicated that there is no significant difference between the profit of the sole proprietors and partnerships. Further results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that at 5% significance level, there was statistically significant difference among different sizes of poultry farms as whole. The highest net benefits were reported from the large scale poultry farms followed by medium and small firms. The results of the multip...

Feroza Haider1,2, Shamim Gul2,3*, Javaid Hussain4, Sadaf Asalam Ghori5, Muhammad Naeem Shahwani6, Muhammad Murad6 and Abdul Manan Kakar

...ent of biochar increased significantly the aboveground plant biomass by 28% - 34.3% under groundwater and 18.3% - 30.4% under wastewater irrigation. Dry weight of root biomass increased by 16.1% - 20.2% under groundwater and by 21% - 31.2% under wastewater irrigation in response to biochar amendment. Wood-derived biochar at higher application rates and manure-derived biochar at all application rates showed significant influe...

Abdur Rehman1*, Wang Jian2, Noor Khan3 and Raheel Saqib

..., accuracy and decreases significantly the cost of market risk management.  

...

Sher Nawab Khan* and Ghulam Hassan 

...tiller-1 revealed highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) among the genotypes. Under irrigated condition genotypes PJ-11×Lal-13, Tat-96×Lal-13, JB×Lal-13, AH×PS-05 and PS-13×Lal-13 were comparatively resistant with low aphids density while genotype PJ-11×PS-05 and KW were most susceptible. Under rainfed condition genotypes JB×Lal-13, PJ-11×Lal-13, AH×PS-05, Tat-96×Lal-13 and PS-13×Lal-13 we...

Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Zahir Shah1 and Farmanullah Khan1 

...ins of cyanobacteria had significantly (p < 0.05) improved the nutrients up-take/concentration and agronomic traits of rice crop as compared to control. Among the strains, the Gloeobacter strain (MMF-4) surpassed by augmenting all agronomic parameters of rice crop like plant height (85 cm), plant fresh weight (45 g), dry weight (24.5 g) and root dry weight (2.80 g) followed by MMF-5 treatment. As regard shoot tissue analysis, the nutrients concentration was...

Imran Khan1, Zahir Shah2, Wiqar Ahmad3*, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Sharif

...led to improve the yield significantly. However, the RD, along with improving these parameters, also increased the yield significantly over the FP. Amongst all treatments, the 5 t ha-1 FYM and 75% NPK of the RD (INM5:75) stood superior with respect to yield as well as soil fertility status. However, efficacy was negative under deep tillage compared to shallow tillage for all treatments since yield as well as harvest Index (H...
Ghulam Muhae-ud-Din1,4, Anam Moosa1, Umer Farooq Ghummen1, Muhammad Jabran1, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed2, Abdul Jabbar1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1,3,*
...eriment. Both endophytes significantly decreased the galling index and promoted the growth of the plants root length, shoot weight and canopy length; however, the highest root weight was observed in the control treatment. P. agglomerans showed more reduction in galling index and increase in plant growth than P. putida. The results concluded that M. incognita has a wide host range in ornamental plants and they could be managed by using anta...

Muhammad Suhaib1*, Ijaz Ahmad2, Masooma Munir3, Badar-Uz-Zaman1, Bushra Atta4 and Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 

...d induced improvement is significant regardless of stress environment or normal growth conditions. While regarding salicylic acid induced amelioration it was notable that both levels of salicylic acid had significant effects on the physiology and biochemical parameters of crop plants however lower level of salicylic acid 0.25 mM was found more efficient then the higher level of salicylic acid. Salicylic acid induced improvem...

Mehran Ali, Inamullah*, Sajjad Ahmad and Arsalan Khan 

... soil organic matter was significantly higher in organic fertilizer applied plots compared to urea treatments. Conclusively, organic sources incorporated with mould board plough could be better alternative urea to improve maize productivity and soil fertility on sustainable basis 

...

Baharullah Khattak1*, Saifullah2, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharraf Ahmad2, Asad Ali2, Mohammad Junaid2, Ijaz Ahmad Khan3, Taj Ali Khan1 and Mubbashir Hussain1 

...ematodes and there was a significant difference among these isolates, at the molecular level. 

...

Madeeha Alamzeb1, Shazma Anwar1, Asif Iqbal1,2*, Song Meizhen2, Mazhar Iqbal3, Sara4, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Afza Tabassum1
 

...evels and tillage system significantly affected dry matter partitioning of wheat. Application of poultry manure improved dry matter partitioning into different plant parts at heading and physiological maturity as compared to sheep and cattle manure. Application of nitrogen at the higher rates (125 to 150 kg N ha-1) enhanced dry matter partitioning at heading and physiological maturity than lower N rates and control. Likewise, wheat sown with deep tillage syste...

Safdar Ali1*, Obaidullah Shafique1, Tariq Mahmood2, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Ijaz Ahmed3 and Bashir Ahmad Khan

...p;Nanotechnology plays a significant role in promoting agriculture and agricultural products. Agriculture and food industry aims for the sustainability and the protection of agricultural products, including crops for human and livestock. Nanotechnology helps in the manufacturing of innovative agrochemicals and novel delivery mechanisms to enhance crop production and decrease in pesticide use. Nanotechnology also contributes in increasing the crop yield in agri...

Qasim Iqbal1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Obaidullah Shafique1, Bashir Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Ihsanullah Khan4  

... The results showed that significantly highest seed yield (2187.3) kg ha-1 was produced by SF 16003 followed by SF16010 and SF 16002 having (2016.2) kg ha-1 and (1888.2) kg ha-1 seed yield respectively. The Cluster analysis also determined SF 16003 as best hybrid which was at a very close distance from the group of SF16010 and SF 16002. 

...

Saleem Ashraf1*, Ashiq Hussain Sangi1Zakaria Yousaf Hassan3 and Muhammad Luqman2

... economy and livelihoods significantly. Therefore, study urge the need of cotton policy and holistic actions by government to subsidize inputs availability and conserve water and land. 

...
Hongqun Li1, Xiaoli Liu2,*, Zhenmin Lian3,RenheWang4, Yongbin Wang4, Yongyao Fu1 andDingyi Wang5
...orked out with the above significantly different variables and their first-order interaction as independent variables. Finally, regression equation with the lower Akaike’s Information Criterion for small sample sizes (AICc) value was regarded as the optimal model. The model indicated that nest-site success of brown-eared pheasants was negatively related to cover of shrubs, and first-order interaction between cover of trees and cover of shrub at a height ...
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Sidra Naz3, Sidra Abbas2, Wardah Hassan2, Shakeela Perveen2, Moazama Batool1, Laiba Shafique2
...ub> concentration caused significant decrease of catalase activity in liver, kidney, gills, muscle and brain of C. mrigala as compared to control. This study suggests that the behavioral and biochemical parameters can be used as a valuable bio-marker to identify the toxic effects of pollutants in aquatic systems. 
...
Gulnaz Malik1, Abdul Qadir1 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,*
...mperature since it has a significant effect on the toxicities of insecticides. The focus of the present study was to evaluate the effect of post-treatment temperature on the toxicity of four insecticides viz., spinosad, emamectin benzoate, lufenuron and thiamethoxam. For this purpose, toxicities of insecticides were tested at three different temperatures 20°C, 25°C and 30°C, on whole wheat grains which was artificially infested with S. or...
Abdur Rahman1,*, Ibrahim Sadi Cetingul2, Ismail Bayram2, Cangir Uyarlar2, Abdil Burhaneddin Akkaya2, Eyup Eren Gultepe2, Hikmet Keles3, Aykut Ulucan4 and Zafar Hayat1
...d that villus height was significantly higher in group D compared to control group, whereas crypt depth was significantly higher in all supplemented groups specifically remarkable in group D. Thickness of the tunica muscularis was higher in group C while other groups like D, E and F showed reduction in thickness compared to control group. Overall, this study data suggest that group D, which was supplemented with 3% dried ore...
Tariq Mukhtar
.../i> and T. viride significantly increased shoot weight and decreased root weight of tomato in a dose dependent manner. Doses of 8×103 and 1×104 cfu/g of soil showed maximum increase in shoot weight and decrease in root weight. On the other hand, both the antagonistic fungi caused significant reductions in number of galls, egg masses, eggs per egg mass and reproductive factors of M....
Hazrat Nabi1, Irshad Hussain2, Muhammad Adil3, Amar Nasir3,*, Arbab Sikandar3, Saeed Khan1 and Nasrullah Khan3

 

...roup B) alone manifested significantly reduced feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. However, no variation in weight gain and FCR was found between the controls (A, B and C) and mycotoxin binders fed groups (experimental group E and F). Significantly reduced geometric mean titer (GMT) was recorded for birds fed aflatoxins alone. However, difference in the calculated values of GMT for control group and...
Hasina Baloch1, Rahmatullah Rind2,*, Muhammad Rafique Rind3, Viram Kumar4, Nazia Baloch5 and Rajesh K. Oad6
... higher (33.33%) but non-significant prevalence of subclinical mastitis. However, significant impact of the number of parity on the prevalence of clinical mastitis was observed in animals. Higher prevalence (48.20%) of clinical mastitis was observed in buffaloes with 4 to 7 calves. A similar trend of significant influence of the number of parity on the prevalence (39.72%) ...

Shamsher Ali1*, Sarmad Khan1, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Naveed ullah4, Muhammad Rashid3 and Wiqar Ahmad1 

...both soils and varieties significantly (p<0.05) affected per cent emergence and growth. Interactions between soils and varieties were significant (p <0.05) regarding emergence and plant heights. From the interactions it is clear that under normal soil conditions, emergence percentage of Pirsabak-2004 variety was maximum (100 %), under moderate soil salinity, emergence percentage of Siren variety was maximum (27 %), whi...
Nadeem Munawar, Iftikhar Hussain and Tariq Mahmood*
... uncultivated fields was significantly higher than those on field boundaries. The overall comparison of the rodent burrows occurrence in groundnut crop indicated a significantly higher number inside the crop as compared to the field edges at maturity stage. Similarly, maturity stage of the millet and maize crops attracted significantly higher population of rodents. On the other hand, at po...
Ali Zaman1,*, Abdul Haleem1, Sajjad Ur Rahman2, Adnan Amin3 Asma Saeed1, Sana Ullah4 and Naimat Ullah4
...ans which is zoonotic of significant economic and public health concern. From total 650 broilers sera were taken, around the five geographically distinct districts and analyzed through hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for detection of H5 antibodies. Highest sero-prevalence of Avian Influenza (H5) was recorded in district Abbottabad 36.15% (47/130) followed by Dera Ismail Khan 33.08% (43/130), Tank 26.92% (35/130), Peshawar 21.54% (28/130) and Mansehra 16....
Souheila Slimani1,*, Sonia Hamouda1, Chahrazed Souadi1, Sara Silini2, Cherif Abdennour2 and Leila Delimi3
... weeks, characterized by significant increase in the testicular volume, followed by spontaneous gonadal regressionup to week 10. Consequently, an azospermia and lack of germ cells in control birds was noticed,which confirm the testicular regression.In the treated groups, thiram delayed the refractory phase along the experimental period, but testicular weight were superior in the treated pigeons compared to the control during the last weeks. Treated pigeons had...
Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq1, Amer Jamal Hashmat1, Ejazul Islam1, Muhammad Afzal1, Abid Mahmood2, Muhammad Ibrahim2,*, Muhammad Nawaz3,*, Shahid Nadeem4 and Qaiser Mahmood Khan1
...ochemical treatment is a significant advance to the existing technologies. There were four different treatments employed as; T1: wastewater, T2: wastewater with 0.1% electrolyte, T3: diluted wastewater (50% tap water), and T4: diluted wastewater (50% tap water) with 0.1% electrolyte. The color and COD in the effluent were reduced to 47% and 46% in T1, 70% and 52% in T2, 75% and 57% in T3, 80% and 59% in T4, respectively by using iron plate electrodes in four h...
Tayfun Karataş
...days of fasting caused a significant decrease in glucose, total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein levels as well as protein and lipid reserves in liver and muscle tissue of fish (p<0.05). The fasting period had no significant effect on the hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), but, it caused a significant decrease...
Yakup Erdal Ertürk
...ential factors that have significant impact on final fattening weight (FFW) as an output variable at domestic beef cattle enterprises from the Eastern part of Turkey. Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) as a non-parametric analysis technique was preferred in the description of the influential factors and their interaction effects for each gender. Some probable factors such as age, province, education level, experience, social security, lands, and t...
Zhuanxia Chen1, Ningping Tao1,*, Xiao Qin1 and Dayong Liu2
...of IMP in meat increased significantly. Compared with steamed meat, the flavor materials in boiled meat had a certain loss. Therefore, the addition of fried liver to the soup is beneficial to flavor.
...
Bin Wang1, 2, Qianji Ning1,*, Qian Wang2, Wei Peng2, Tong Hao2,*and Jinsheng Sun2,*
...ct their growth, causing significant losses to the aquaculture industry. The current studies on the molting mechanism mainly focused on the independent analysis of single protein, rather than a protein-protein interaction. In this work, with the systematic point of view, the subcellular location of 830 unidentified proteins were annotated based on the previously reconstructed protein-protein interaction network (PIN) of E. sinensis using the bioinformat...
Wael S. El-Tohamy1,*, Russell R. Hopcroft2 and Nagwa E.M. Abdel Aziz3
...in the species data were significantly (P< 0.05) related to salinity, temperature, phosphate concentration and phytoplankton biomass. The main spatial gradients along the estuary were associated with salinity. The high salinity zone in the estuary downstream was dominated by the calanoid paracalanidae and the harpacticoid Euterpina acutifrons. In the lower salinity transects, the tintinnid Favella serrata dominated the estuary midstream, toget...
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Nosheen Aslam2, Arshad Javid3, Shehzadi Liaquat1,Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1, 4, Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan1 and Muhammad Adnan Khalid1
...supplementation played a significant role in improving absorption of minerals, carcass composition and haematology of fish. Higher mineral digestibility (Ca 76%, Fe 62%, Zn 57%, P 76%) and carcass composition (crude protein 17% and crude fat 10%) was found in fish fed on 3 gKg-1 level of probiotics supplemented canola meal based diet. Whereas higher ADC% of Na (75%), K (67%) and Mg (62%) were recorded by fish fed on 4 gKg-1 level of probi...
Selçuk Kaplan
...eptin is one of the most significant candidate gene marker for MAS studies. Therefore, bubaline leptin gene exon 2, part of the intron 1 and intron 2 region were amplified and sequenced to identify nucleotide variations in Anatolian water buffaloes. Sequence analysis were revealed seven polymorphic site (G1072A, T1081C, T1131G, T1143C, T1145G, T1151G and C1221T) and one monomorphic site (C1071T) in Anatolian water buffaloes. To the best of my knowledge, this i...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Ikramul Haq1,*, Imdad Ullah Khan3, Naimat Ullah4, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Kashif Hussain1 and Azmat Ullah Khan2
...t. The results indicated significantly higher (P< 0.05) immune titer in animal group vaccinated with toxoid vaccine prepared from pathogenic isolates and provide best protection against challenge infection.
...

Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Muhammad Rizwan2*, Muhammad Akram1, Jaffar Hussain1 and Fiaz Ahmad1 

...ield showed positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations with clusters per plant (rg = 0.322), pods per plant (rg = 0.276), biological yield (rg = 0.470) and harvest index (rg = 0.264). These traits also showed high positive direct effects on seed yield. Hence,indirect selection for these traits may facilitate for developing high yielding genotypes. The diversity analysis categorized fifty-eight genotypes into four clusters. Clustering patter...

Abdul Basit1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,4*, Sohail Ahmed2, Gohar Ali2 and Muhammad Javaid

...trol treatment exhibited significantly higher fruit fly infestation (60%) with minimum marketable fruit yield (374g/bed) than all other treatments. Among treatments, yellow colored refractive sheet treatments exhibited maximum fruit fly incidence (i.e. 5 flies/net-sweep and 3-4 maggots/fruit) and fruit infestation (17%) as compared to other color sheets. Minimum fruit fly infestation (6%) and higher marketable yield (855g/bed) was recorded for reduced-risk ins...
Abdul Wajid1,*, Asma Basharat2, Muhammad Akbar Shahid3, Sidra Tul Muntaha1, Abdul Basit4, Tanveer Hussain5, Muhammad Farooq Tahir6, Muhammad Azhar7, Masroor Ellahi Babar1 and Shafqat Fatima Rehmani2
...been reported and caused significant losses in poultry flocks throughout Pakistan in recent years. To identify the serotype and gain a better understanding of the genetic properties of the FAdV strains responsible for recent outbreaks, the sequence analysis of hexon gene of 10 isolates associated with IBH and HPS was determined. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis based on direct sequencing of hypervariable region of hexon gene grouped these sequences...
Fangxiao Dong1,2, Xuan Luo1,2, Delu Yuan1,2, Aixin Liang1,2* and Liguo Yang1,2*
...1 and T2 groups elicited significantly stronger anti-SS antibody level than that in control (p < 0.05), and mice in T1 group induced significantly higher serum GH and PRL concentration in comparison with T2 and control groups (p < 0.05). Expectantly, mice in T1 group also showed significantly higher average weight gain and offspring weaning weight than that in T2 and co...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmed1, Muhammad Zeshan1,2, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1 and Kazim Ali

...ntial difference. Highly significant positive correlation was observed for yield and yield contributing traits. 

...

Rizwana Qamar1, Maria Ghias1, Fida Hussain1, Sajida Habib1, Muhammad Khuram Razzaq2*, Muhammad Aslam1 and Imran Habib3 

...Water stress is the most significant restrictive factor for agricultural production in Pakistan. Sunflower productivity is sturdily delimited by the inaccessibility of water. Developments of sunflower hybrids having greater drought tolerance are the effective and inexpensive approach by plant breeders to manage with drought. A wire house experiment was conducted in Oilseeds Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Faisalabad for the screening of genotype...

Muhammad Fiaz1*, Muhammad Afzal1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2 

...ombinations. There was a significant reduction in psyllid population for all treatment combinations as compared to control (F8, 107 = 70.36; P-value = 0.001 for 2016 and F8, 107 = 63.58; P-value < 0.001 for 2017). Combined application of spirotetramat along with I. fumosorosea formulation has shown a significant synergistic effect against D. citri infestation and is recommended to citrus growers against sucking insect pes...
Yan Li1, Kai Zhan1,*, Junying Li1, Wei Liu1, Ruiyu Ma1, Shengnan Liu1, Haijun Cui1 and Xin Zhang2
...control, laying rate was significantly increased in groups 3 and 4, while percentage of defective eggs was visibly decreased in group 3. Hatching experiment showed a considerable depression in egg fertility and hatchability of setting eggs in group 4. Egg quality analysis demonstrated the significant increases in shell thickness among declawed treatments and yolk color in group 2. Overall feather score of layer breeders was ...
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1,2, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2,*, Farhat Jabeen2, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain3, Arshad Javid4, Muhammad Asrar2 and Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan2
...e supplementation showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in ADC% of minerals and carcass composition of fish. Maximum digestibility of minerals and improved carcass composition of C. catla fingerlings was noted at 900 FTU kg-1 level of phytase supplemented MOSM based test diet. It was further noted that phytase supplementation decreases the discharge of minerals through faeces resulting in reduced aquatic pollution. It was conclude...

Saeed Ullah1, Amanullah Jan1, Murad Ali2*, Wiqar Ahmad3, Hafeez Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Ishaq2 and Bilal Ahmad2  

... harvest index (HI) were significantly increased by 9, 4, 23 and 8%, respectively over the control with fertilizer banding compared with broadcast. Plots receiving 10 kg Zn ha-1 registered a significant increase of 8, 9, 4, 27 and 9%, in plant height (PH), PN, GY, BY and HI, respectively over the control, and recorded the lowest number of days to maturity (185) compared to control (188 days). Both 70 and 105 kg P2O5 ha-1 reg...
Doğan Türkyılmaz1,*, Selçuk Özyürek2,Nurinisa Esenbuğa1 and Mustafa Yaprak1
...i. There isn’t any significant difference between the breed for milk components (p>0.05). Between udder width and non-fat dry matter content, high positive correlation was determined. The ideal and most suitable udder type for machine milking is pear-shaped and oblique teat (Type III). So this result can help us for selection of milking ability in Morkaraman and Tuj breeds.
...
Amna Waseem, Sikander Ali* and Syeda Wajiha Khalid
... from mutant strain gave significantly higher (p≤0.05) lipase activity than the wild-type. From the results presented in the study, it was observed that maximum lipase activity could effectively be achieved after EMS and MMS-induced mutagenesis of filamentous fungus culture used.
...

Wasim Javaid1, Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Farah Naz2 and Muhammad Usman Raja2 

...07 after 72 hours showed significantly similar results with mortality around 55%. Results proved M. anisopliae as more virulent against PB than B. bassiana and fungal effectiveness against this pest was directly proportional to its concentration as well as exposure time. For effective management of C. chinensis, 1×108 spores/ml of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana is recommended for safer storage of chickpea, pulses and grains. 

...

Imadud Din1*, Fazal Munsif1, Irfan Ahmad Shah3, Hamayoon Khan1, Fahad Ullah Khan1, Ibrarullah2, Shahab Uddin4 and Tauqir Islam1 

...traits. Results revealed significant variation for all traits among the tested wheat genotypes. The results showed the existence of adequate genetic variability among the tested wheat genotypes. High PCV and GCV were found in grains spike-1, while highest broad sense heritability with inferior genetic advance was recorded for plant height. Wheat genotype PR-110 out performed for grain yield, while PR-103 exhibited higher biological yield. Highest number of pro...
Fouzia Hadi Ali1, Farhat Naz2, Aban Abid Qazi3
 
...tual nuances. One of the significant factors and increasing vulnerabilities of the healthcare sector is work-life balance (WLB). However, it is futile to study WLB in isolation, the literature suggests that positive psychological capital (PPC) triggers WLB. Moreover, WLB also assists in enhancing vitality at work that in turn improves WP. Therefore, this study intends to examine the sequential mediation of WLB and vitality at work between the relationship of p...
Maaz Ahmad1*, Mussab Ahmad2 and Tehreem Munir3
...oup) showed a clinically significant improvement. The GIS significantly decreased in CP group during the first 2 weeks, compared to the placebo (p < 0.05). During the second and third 2-week period, symptoms further improved in CP group (p < 0.05). After 6 weeks, 95.7% on CP treatment and 3.1% on placebo were completely relieved of FD symptoms (p < 0.001). 
Conclusions: CP extract was
Rana Khurram Aftab1*, Farhat Ijaz2, Samia Jawed3
..., and WHR was positively significant with SBP and DBP.
Conclusion: High prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed in students. Strong positive correlation of BMI, WC and WHR with systolic and diastolic blood pressures was shown in our study. Results of this study indicate that increase in BMI leads to increase in hypertension.
...
Farhat Ijaz1, Rana Khurram Aftab2*, Samia Jawed3
...considered statistically significant.
Results: Mean HOMA-IR and TNF-α values were significantly (p-value <0.01) higher in obese diabetics (17.13+8.77) and (10.96+4.69), respectively when compared to non-obese Type 2 diabetic patients (3.40+5.05) and (3.49+2.36) respectively. Mean HOMA-IR in males was 6.52+7.03 and in females was 12.85+10.54 (p-value 0.006). 
Conclusion: Inc...
Quratul Ain Tahira1*, Sidrah Lodhi1 and Sajid Abaidullah2
...ing p-value < 0.05 as significant.
Results: A total of 53 RDs including 58.49% HOs and 41.51% PGRs participated in the study with similar distribution among mTBL and LBL groups. The mean IRAT scores for LBL and mTBL groups were 41.03±17.79&44.17±19.54, respectively (p-value 0.272). The overall FT scores were 40.26±15.17 &48.02±17.57 for LBL and mTBL respectively (p-value 0.045). The FT scores in early d...
Sahar Naz1, Farhan Rasheed2, Muhammad Saeed3*, Shagufta Iram4 and Ambereen Anwar Imran5
...roducing strains possess significant therapeutic challenges.
Objective: This study was carried outto evaluate the efficacy of Colistin against MβL producers.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Microbiology Laboratory,Allama Iqbal Medical College,Lahore, Pakistan from 1stJuly 2016 to 25th February 2017. A total of 12126 clinical samples were collected from patients p...
Zartasha Anjum1*, Rakhshindah Bajwa2 and Munazza Hassan3
...G CoAR expression showed significant association with ER (p=0.003) as well as with PR (p= 0.014). 
Conclusion: Through results of our study, it is concluded that there is positive association between HMG CoAR and ER/PR statuses. Clinical trials are needed to establish the predictive role of HMG-CoAR expression as a target for statin therapy in breast carcinoma. 
...
Muhammad Younus1*, Sabah Usman2 and Samia Jawed3
...t;0.05 was considered as significant
Results: In this study mean age of subjects was 28.92 ± 6.34 years. The mean FVC in obese cases was 3.18 ± 0.92 L and in non-obese cases was 3.68 ± 0.93 L with p value of 0.021. The mean value of FEV1 in obese was 2.83 ± 0.82 L and in non-obese cases was 3.19 ± 0.71 L with p value 0.011 and mean FEV1/FVC ratio in obese cases was 84.73 &p...
Mumtaz Akhtar, Iffat Naheed, Khadija Waheed* and Amna Khanum
... Statistically, a highly significant difference was observed between the blood loss and postpartum haemorrhageamong the patients (i.e. p-value=0.000). A low frequency of postpartum hemorrh agein women experiencing normal vaginal delivery after misoprostol was administered. The blood loss was recorded to be very low among females.
...
S. Jalbani1, N. T. Narejo2,*, P. Khan2 and Y.M. Jalbani3
...i> Rita rita, showed significant differences between total erythrocytes count, hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of the two sexes. Male fish had total erythrocytes 5.05 ± 0.5 × 106 and hemoglobin content 11.5 ± 1.5 g/in ml compared to 4.04 ± 0.5 × 106 and 7.3 ± 1.3 g/in ml in the female. The female fish had significantly higher values...
Madeeha Arshad1, Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1, Shagufta Andleeb2 and Naveed Ahmad3,*
...il length demonstrated a significant (P<0.005) decrease with increasing dose concentrations in comparison with control group. The fetal body weight and CR length reduced significantly (P<0.005) in all dose group. Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole has significant potential to cause congenital defects in developing embryo.
...
Azmat Hayat Khan Khattak1, Muhammad Nauman ul Islam1, Muhammad Shakir Khan1, Muhammad Iqbal1, Imtiaz Ali Shah1,Sheeraz Ghani1, Amjad Ali2, Zubina Hameed1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan3 and Tariq Ali1,3,*
... ratio in ABC calves was significantly higher (p<0.01) than the AJC with 7.99 milk conversion ratio in ABC as compared to 5.49 for AJC calves. Additionally, the cost of production was Rs.406.68/kg and Rs.591.32/kg for AJC and ABC, respectively. This study concludes that AJC calves performed better on milk replacer than ABC.
...

Jahangir khan* and Abbas Ullah Jan 

...and income have positive significant effects on households’ willingness to pay. Findings of the study also reveal a significant influence of employment status of the household’s head on WTP, whereas household’s size has a negative significant effect on willingness to pay for pesticides- free fruit. Findings of the study indicate that in addition to demographic characteris...

Abdur Rehman and Zahir Shah 

.... Both Fe and Mo induced significant increases in fresh pods pea yield and nutrient uptake. Their combined effect was more prominent than their alone application. The maximum fresh pods yield of 5458 kg ha-1 and biomass yield of 10315 kg ha-1 were obtained with the combine application of high levels of Mo and Fe (2 and 5 kg ha-1) and has also enhanced nodules number by 152 %, fresh weight of nodules by 135 %, N concentration in plant by 29 %, N uptake by 50 %,...
Mudassar Javed1,Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,*, Muhammad Sufyan1, Sajjad Ali2 and Muhammad Afzal1
...doxacarb caused the most significant reduction of okra borers, followed by abamectin and lambda-cyhalothrin. While among the botanicals, Azadirachta indica, Citrullus colocynthis and Nicotiana tabacum caused the most significant reduction of okra borers in both years, followed by Curcuma longa and Corymbia citriodora. These synthetic insecticides and botanicals on average reduced okra fruit infest...
Tanveer Hussain1,*, Masroor Ellahi Babar1, Marcos De Donato2, Abdul Wajid1, Asif Nadeem3, Zahoor Ahmad3, Waqas Ahmad Khan4, Sunday O. Peters5 and Ikhide G. Imumorin6
...and B. taurus was significantly higher (0.014 ).
...
Rana Zeeshan Habib1, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2,*, Mahroze Fatima3, Muhammad Bilal4 and Syed Makhdoom Hussain5
...PHY treated diet with CA significantly (p<0.05) improved the mineral digestibility performance of L. rohita. In conclusion, both the additives (CA and PHY) showed improved digestibility of minerals individually as well as in combination.
...
Wang-Dui Basang1, Tian-Wu An2, Luo-Bu Danjiu3, Yan-Bin Zhu1, Shi-Cheng He3, Xiao-Lin Luo2, Wei-Wei Ni4, Xiao Wang4, Shu-Zhu Cheng4, Jian Wang4 and Guang-Xin E4,*
...included JL. However, no significant divergence was found among the ecotype populations using a pair-wise difference comparison (FST). Thus, the Naqu yak has multiple maternal origins and demonstrates high diversity within 4 geographic ecotype yak populations. In addition, the yaks exhibit some diversity based on the number of unique haplotypes within each population; however, they have not heavily and significant
Riaz Aziz Minhas1,*, Muhammad Nasim Khan1, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Basharat Ahmad1, Syda Shaista Bibi1, Mohsin Hanif1 and Afsar Mian2
...gt;0.05) suggested a non-significant relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance. Phist PT) value suggested a significance difference in within population and between populations (PT=0.042; p=0.006) variances, suggesting that within populations variation was higher (96%) than variation between populations (4%). Present study suggested a low level of genetic diversity; however, gene flow was higher sug...
Jingen Xu1, Yang Liu2, Erhui Jin1, Youfang Gu1, Qin Zhang3 and Shenghe Li1,*
...receptor interaction was significantly enriched. The results offer a foundation for exploration of immune functions and genetic control of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets. Also, several differentially expressed immune-related genes may be candidate genes for disease resistance breeding in pigs.
...
Ayesha Aihetasham, Saira Shariq and Javed Iqbal Qazi*
...es, R. stolonifer significantly produced epozootics on the tested insects, with resultant decrease in food consumption. Behavioral changes included lethargic workers which were observed even being eaten up by other workers. These experiments revealed that R. stolonifer is a potent biological control agent against H. indicola. Scaleable cultivation of this fungal species and its application for controlling the termite under select situation...

Muhammad Khalid1,2 and Muhammad Naeem2* 

...ion factor (K) was found significantly correlated (P < 0.05) only with % water and % ash. Multiple correlation among W, TL, K and different body content showed significant correlations. Results indicated that Grass Carp is a rich source of protein (58.35%) in dry body weight, additionally, the pioneer reference to the proximate analysis for this species from farming system of southern Punjab, Pakistan is provided. 

Fiaz Ahmad1, Mumtaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1 and Muhammad Rizwan3* 

...harvest interval. Highly significant differences were observed among treatments for all physiological and yield traits except chlorophyll b. Shoot phosphorus contents, shoot sodium contents and number of pods/plant also showed significant differences among varieties. All physiological and yield parameters showed gradual reduction with increasing concentration of lead and water stress. Uptake of Na+, K and P was reduced
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...tic nematodes multiplied significantly more in untreated soil than in treated soil, which clearly indicated that L. muscarium effectively reduced the nematode infestation level in the soil.
...
Qudsia Yousafi1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Aslam3 and Allah Ditta Abid4
...ving light traps was not significantly different. Seasonal means for fruit infestation reduced fruit infestation by 16.1, 9.6 and 19.5 percent in T1, T2 and T3, respectively as compared to control.
...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Ibrahim A. Alhidary1, Gamaleldin M. Suliman1,2, Abdullah H. Alyemni3, Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady3, Faisal A. Alshamiry1,Mohsen M. Alobre1 and Riyadh S. Aljumaah1
....93% NDF; high level). A significantly higher (P<0.05) average daily gain and lower value for the feed conversion ratio of lambs fed TMR2 compared with other dietary groups. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between lambs fed TMRs with different levels of NDF for slaughter and body components parameters, except empty stomach (TMR2) and chill shrink (TMR1). Furthermore, the meat color (L*, a* and b*) values...
Ai Guo1,2,3, Jiaguang Xiao4, Binbin Shan4, Tianxiang Gao5 and Yongdong Zhou3,*
...sage of genes. Whereas a significant variation among Coilia species was detected in length of the control region, mainly caused by the variable number of tandem repeats. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on 13 concatenated mitochondrial protein-coding genes from 8 Coilia mitochondrial genomes. The results supported that C. lindmani at first clustered with C. nasus and C. grayii which had close relationships (d=0.028),...

Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Irfan Chani1 and Muhammad Afzal2 

... positive (5.178151) and significant relationship between agriculture credit and agricultural output. Labor participating in agriculture has positive (14.98381) yet insignificant relation to agricultural output while trade openness has negative (-39.64926) and significant impact on agricultural output. Similarly, the relationship between cropped area and agriculture output is positive (114...

Fazal Munsif1, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Arif2, Kawsar Ali3 and Ijaz Ahmad

... that planting dates had significant effect on tillers m-2, plant height, number of leaves tiller-1, mean leaf area, leaf area index, stem diameter, number of nodes tiller-1, internodes length, cane yield, total dry matter, cane yield, pol and sugar recovery. Higher number of tillers (14.0), number of nodes tiller-1 (15.3) mean leaf area (466.3 cm2), leaf area index (10.47), internode length (14.3 cm), thicker canes (2.48 cm), total dry matter (105.8 t ha-1), ...

Mohammed Zaki Fathy* 

...ly. In G1, presence of a significant decrease in RBCs, PCV and Hb values and apnea was recorded. However, non-significant hematological changes were reported in G2. In conclusion, ketamine was produced by rapid induction, long duration, smooth recovery and satisfactory anesthesia without any significant cardio-respiratory changes and produced good and produce efficiently anesthesia in xyla...

Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde, Adeyemi Esther Omoniwa and Miriam Ukemenam 

...n the farm were found to significantly influence children’s access to schooling. While increase in schooling cost, average years of schooling of the children affects the farm income. It was thus recommended that parents should be sensitized on the future benefits of sending their children to school. More so, credits should be made more accessible to farming households. This might help in the establishment of mechanized farm system thus reducing the need ...

Shahen Shah1*, Manzoor Hussain1, Arshad Jalal1, Mohammad Sayyar Khan2, Tariq Shah1, Muhammad Ilyas1 and Muhammad Uzair3 

...atio (VCR) of wheat were significantly affected by N and S. Sulfur and its application time prominently influenced the productive tillers m-2 and biomass yield. Nitrogen at 150 kg ha-1 resulted in more number of productive tillers m-2, less un-productive tillers m-2 and higher thousand grain weight, biological yield and higher value cost ratio. Sulfur at 45 kg produced higher productive tillers m-2, thousand grain weight, grains spike-1 and biomass yield. Sulf...

Irfan Ali Sabir1, Saeed Ahmad1*, Muhammad Nafees2, Ahmad Sattar Khan1, Maryam3 and Ishtiaq Ahmad

...design (RCBD). There was significantly high fruit weight and pulp contents in ‘Kensington Pride’. Total soluble solids (TSS) were higher (21.9 B°) in ‘Chaunsa’, while, titratable acidity (TA) was lowest in ‘Lambay Alfansu’ and ‘Momi-K’. However, reducing sugars (RS) (4.83%), non-reducing sugars (NRS) (16.38%) and total sugars (TS) (21.21%) were significantly high in ‘...

Muhammad Siddiq1*, Sahib Alam2, Hamid Ullah Shah2, Zafar Iqbal2, Kalsoom Siddiq3 and Taufeq Ahmad4 

...y of the oil blends also significantly (p<0.05) affected the sensory attributes of potato chips. Generally, the sensory quality of the product was enhanced with consecutive use of the same oils for up to three sessions. However, it is recommended that further studies on the repeated frying practice on the same oil sample beyond three sessions should be undertaken to draw more conclusive results 

...

Ansaar Ahmed1, Imtiaz Hussain2*, Ibni Amin Khalil3, Subhanulla3, Gulzar Ahmed3, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Muhammad Imtiaz2  

...on flat surface were non-significantly different. Because of weed infestation, there was 30 percent lower maize grain yield with zero till planted maize in comparison with bed planting and farmer practice. Zero till drill planted wheat after maize crop had higher grain yield in comparison with mechanized bed planting and farmer practice of broadcasting in 2014-15 and 2015-16 wheat season. Because of higher maize grain yield, maize–wheat system productivi...
Azmat Hayat Khan Khattak1, Abdul Wasay2, Tariq Ali1,*, Muhammad Iqbal1, Khisrao Kalim1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan3, Muhammad Mobashar2, Nazir Ahmad2, Abid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Nauman ul Islam1
...ng ages might contribute significantly to feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency of growing calves.
...
Safia Rehman1, Nazish Mazhar Ali1,*, Gerald B. Pier2, Iram Liaqat1 and Bushra Mazhar1
...ruginosa strains was significantly inhibited in the presence of Lactobacilli spp. and nanoparticles of silver, zinc and ferric oxide at a concentration of 12, 200 and 1µg/ml, respectively. This study may help in the development of chemotherapeutic methods against multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens in chronic and acute lung infections. It provides a practical approach towards the use of nanoparticles to enhance antimicrobial activity again...
Zisha Liu1, Na Song1, Takashi Yanagimoto2, Zhiqiang Han3, Bonian Shui3 and Tianxiang Gao3,*
... supplementary proof and significant information for future taxon studies.
...
Habib-ur-Rehman1*, Saima Mirza1*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan2, Qurban Ali3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir4, Muhammad Yasir5
...imental trials presented significant mean repellency 79.15% of T. castaneum (with methanolic extract of C. paradise)followed by 76.21% (with R. communis extract)and 63.36% (in J.curcus extract) at 15% concentration, after exposure period of 24 h. Comparatively low mean repellency 58.45, 54.24 and 42.57% was observed at same concentration after exposure period of 72 h. Least repellency (11.23%) was recorded at 5% concen...
Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*, Tanzeela Riaz2, Uzma Ramzan1, Anum Feroz1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,3,*
...lerate (LC20) significantly decreased the contents of glycogen, glucose, trehalose and free amino acid while total protein and total lipid contents, were significantly increased with reference to their control (untreated group). Among carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, the activities of trehalase, amylase and invertase were significantly reduced after treatment with sub lethal d...
Hafiz Manzoor Ahmad1,*, Hamad Bin Rashid1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Muhammad Rafi Ullah2 and Usman Ghani1
...ogical parameters varied significantly (p<0.05) between the two groups with exception of body temperature, which varied non-significantly (p>0.05). The post drug administration onset of sedation in ducks anesthetized by K+X was delayed (2.11±0.75 min) than K+X+D (1.14±0.04 min). The duration of sedation in the ducks anesthetized with K+X+D was prolonged (127.42±18.60 min) than K+X (87...
Muhammad Mobashar1, Muhammad Tahir1, Shahbaz Javaid2,*, Muhammad I. Anjum2, Insha Gul3, Nazir Ahmad1 andAbdul Sami1
...ng stage (ration II) had significantly higher (P<0.05) dry matter (DM) intake followed by dough (ration III) and boot stage (ration I). Similarly, intakes of crude protein (CP) and crude fat (CF) were significantly higher (P<0.05) on ration II compared to rations I and III. Neutral Detergent Fibre intake (Kg/day) in rations I, II and III was 5.4, 6.8 and 6.19, respectively. Intake of Acid Detergent Fibre (Kg/day) was h...

Muhammad Zahid1, Naeem Iqbal1, Sohaib Muhammad2*, Summiya Faisal3, Wajid Mahboob3, Makhdoom Hussain4 and Zaheer ud din Khan2 

...ed at reproductive phase significantly reversed the adverse effects of drought. Gas exchange characteristics including CO2 concentration, transpiration and photosynthesis rates were raised by glucose treatments under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Hence, drought tolerance was slightly induced by exogenous glucose doses in terms of improved growth, yield and physiological traits. 

...

Saima Siddiqui1*, Ghulm Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed1 and Abdul Sattar Buriro

...2011 and 2012. There was significant effect of trap crops on population reduction of jassid, thrips and white flyin cotton intercropped with millet, maize and sunflower. The minimum population of jassid (0.89), whitefly (0.36) and thrips (6.20) was recorded on cotton intercropped with maize. The maximum population of predator, Orius sp was recorded on cotton intercropped with maize as (2.29) and (2.36), Zanchius sp (0.86) and (0.93) and Geocoris ochropterus (F...
Nevran Eylem Akman Gündüz1,* and Özgür Özcan2
... of the larvae increased significantly at 5, 10, 50 and 200 mg/L with respect to the control group. The lipid level of hemolymph fluctuated among the tested GA3 concentrations. It was significantly reduced at 5 and 10 mg/L, but increased at 50 and 200 mg/L. GA3 application also enhanced the carbohydrate level at 50, 100, 200 and 1000 mg/L and the glycogen content at 100 and 200 mg/L. 
...
Kiran Aqil1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan2, Asim Aslam2, Aqeel Javeed5, Rizwan Qayyum1, Farooq Yousaf,1 Farkhanda Yasmeen1, Muhammad Luqman Sohail3 and Sajid Umar4,*
...12.5 µg/ml) showed significant antiviral activity and cell survival was more than 50%. Two dilutions of N. sativa (200 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml) extracts showed cytotoxicity to Vero cell lines. In the plaque reduction assay, alcoholic extracts of N. sativa (50 µg/ml) significantly reduced the plaques count as compared with the control negative (P<0.05) in all the tested modes of act...
Dan Yü, Chuchu Li, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...ytopathogen resulting in significant loss of crop yield. Trichderma hamatum has the capacity to inhibit S. sclerotiorum growth by production of toxic metabolites and mycoparasitism. In vitro bioassays were used to evaluate the efficacy of T. hamatum and difenoconazole alone or its combinations against S. sclerotiorum. The results showed that T. hamatum could infect and destroy the mycelia and sclerotia of S. sclerot...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Muhammad Zeshan1,2, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmed1 and Sabir Hussain Shah3 

...ource of nitrogen has no significant difference on growth or yield while the N placement timing significantly affects these traits. Results showed that most efficient N placement timing is split dose of fertilizer at T3 (½ at 1st irrigation and ½ at flowering) for either urea or CAN fertilizer. 

...
Binbin Shan, Yan Liu, Changping Yang, Shengnan Liu and Dianrong Sun*
...ent, 13,083 unigenes had significant hits in Nr database. And then, 10,467 unigenes were annotated into three ontologies: biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Moreover, 18,621 unigenes were mapped 25 different clusters of eukaryotic proteins. In addition, a total of 17,671 unigenes were classified into 311 KEGG pathways. Finally, we predicted the coding sequences of 13,072 unigenes and obtained 9,222 SSRs in the present study. Th...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...ely in the definition of significant factors and interaction effects between the factors. Before the definition process, the data on socio-economic (age, province, educational level, experience, social security, lands and the reason at ranching of the animal breeders) and biological factors (sex, first live weight before fattening and fattening period of the beef cattle) were recorded from the related beef cattle enterprises. For the statistical evaluation of ...

Ali Sher1*, Khalid Naveed1, Gulzar Ahmad2, Ayub Khan1, Muhammad Saeed1 and Shah Masaud1 

...nd biological yield were significantly increased by both N and Zn while the same parameters except days to anthesis, days to physiological maturity were also significantly enhanced by using Fe. Result revealed that higher leaf area tiller-1 (113 cm2), leaf area index (2.3), plant height (100 cm), biological yield (11431 kg ha-1) by 150 kg N ha-1 , 3 kg Zn ha-1 and 1 kg Fe ha-1 of wheat as compared to the control-I. In conclu...
Iqra Arooj1,* and Shahida Hasnain2
...nd 9p21.3/rs1333049 were significantly associated with risk of CHD in this population (P=0.001 and 0.012, respectively).
...
Naeem Ahmad1,* and Zulqurnain2*
... found that there was no significant difference in final total length (TL) and standard length (SL) of the fish in both treatments (P>0.05). However, average monthly weight gain, final total wet weight (WW) and weight gain with increase in TL were higher in GIFT-Th as compared to GIFT-Tw (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in FCR, SGR and K values measured for both treatments (P>0.05). These findings sugge...
Majid Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Razia Iqbal2, Arshad Javid3, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1,4 and Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan1
...f CA in MOLM based diets significantly (p< 0.05) enhanced nutrient digestibility and growth performance of fingerlings as compared to control diet. Highest digestibility of crude protein (68.57%) was observed at 4% CA level, whereas highest digestibility of crude fat (72.23%) and gross energy (66.63%) was observed at 3% CA level. Fingerlings also showed maximum weight gain (WG), weight gain% (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR) and lower FCR value at 3%...
Shoukat Ara1, Sheikh Adil2,*and Manzoor Ahmad Khan3
...>Azolla showed a non-significant increase (p>0.05) on the body weight gain of grower birds. Further, the SGPT and SGOT levels of birds did not differ among various treatments at 19 weeks of age. A non-significant (p>0.05) improvement was observed in the egg weight, shell thickness and weight in all the groups fed Azolla in the diet (T2, T3, T4 and T5) when compared with the control group (T1). The difference...

Aftab Khan, Shahid Ali, Syed Attaullah Shah and Muhammad Fayaz 

...nd rainfall square has insignificant effect on net revenue of maize growers. Zone wise analysis of forecasting effects of temperature shows that increase in temperature by 1 °C in 2040-2050 and by 2 °C in 2060-2080 will significantly increase net revenue of maize growers in Northern and Eastern zones, but insignificantly in Central zone. An increase in temperature by 1 °C in 20...

Ashraf Khan1*, Suliman Shah2, Maid Zaman3 and Komal Habib2

...ndowed withstatistically significant control of citrus psylla comparable to untreated plants. 

...

Muhammad Faheem Jan1*, Asad Ali Khan1, Waqas Liaqat1, Haseeb Ahmad1, Muhammad Dawood Ahmadzai1 and Wazir Rehan

... and yield of maize were significantly affected by both hybrids and potassium ratios. Maize hybrids and potassium ratios did differ in crop phenology (days to emergence, tasseling, silking, and maturity) and crop growth (single leaf area, leaf area index, and plant height) which resulted in different grain yield. Among hybrids DK-Garanon gave highest value for all the studied parameters as compared to others hybrids. Similarly, in K ratios higher values for th...

Madiha Naz1, Qudrat Ullah Khan1*, M. Jamil Khan1, Obaid Ullah Sayal2, Asim Afridi3 and Aziz Ullah Sayal3 

...ults of the study showed significantly higher number of branches, chlorophyll content in the treatment recieving inorganic fertilizers, the manures in combination with foliar NPK was comparable. The yield attributes showed that ten fruit weight were greater in the soil applied inorganic fertilizer and it was statistically at par with treatments recieving manure with foliar NPK. Number of fruits per plant were recorded highest in the pots recieving poultry manu...

Nusrat Habib1*, Asim Zubair2 and Aisha Siddiqua3 

... and organic manure were significant and positively correlated. 

...

Saif Ullah and Mohammad Akmal*

...0 kg ha-1 were found non-significant. Situation like field remains longer under cereal crops cultivation, the integrated effect of nutrients i.e. N 80 with P 90 kg and S 30 is the best option to grow sunflower for better oil and protein. The study suggests that N, P and S at the rate of 80, 90 and 30 kg ha-1 is the best combination for soils remained with cereal crops in cultivation to plant with sunflower good quality of oil and protein.  

...

Safina Naz1, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Saeed Akhtar2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3* and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar

... with tubewell water had significantly lower heavy metal contents, well below the critical limits. The concentration of Pb in tomato and cauliflower, Cd in tomato and spinach, and Fe in spinach irrigated with canal water were also detected beyond the safe limits. The study concludes that the continuous use of sewage water deteriorates or lowers the quality and increases heavy metal contents of vegetables. 

...

Muhammad Javed Iqbal and Muhammad Naeem* 

...t;T3>T4>T0. Highly significant correlations (p<0.01) were noted when log total length and log wet weight were plotted against each other and with log values of all external morphometric variants except condition factor (K). “b” (regression coefficient) value for LWRs of Labeo rohita in various groups was calculated as 3.37, 3.11, 3.20 in T1, T2 and T3 respectively and showed positive allometric growth pattern while negative allometric patt...

Safina Naz1, Khushbo Hussain1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar2* and Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3
 

...chemical parameters gave significant response. NAA promotes vine length upto 12.66 feet while chlorophyll content was 72.50 SPAD Value, while fresh weight of leaves is 5.1g, dry weight is 0.41g, while fresh weight of fruit is 121.66 g and fruit length is 14.11 cm. Salicylic acid promoted vine length upto 11.33 feet while chlorophyll contents were calculated as 71.09 (SPAD Value), while fresh weight of leaves was 4.9g, dry weight was 0.38g while fresh weight of...
Shabana*, Saleem Ullah Shahid and Shahida Hasnain
...thropometric traits were significantly different between dyslipidemic obese subjects and nondyslipidemic non obese subjects. In conclusion, obesity is accompanied by a dyslipidemic profile and increased weight and/or BMI. The progression of clinical forms of obesity can be assessed by the strong predicting indices, including weight, BMI, low HDL and high TC.
...
S. Jalbani1, P. Khan2 and N.T.Narejo2,*and Y.M. Jalbnai3
...sh (90% and 0.36). While significantly (p<0.05) lowest survival rate and SGR was recorded (80% and 0.31) for cistern III. It was concluded that the suitable stocking density 20 fish/m2 (II) exhibited significantly higher growth of Rita rita in cemented cisterns among the treatment. The temperature 28.1-30.7°C, pH 7.0-7.60, DO 3.9- 4.9 (mg/L), alkalinity 155-175 (mg/L), ammonia 0.37-0.52 (mg/L) and ni...

Anish Shrestha* and Samata Baral 

...d extension worker. Most significant impacts of the climate change were increased disease pest infestation, loss of appetite and decreased milk production. Vulnerability index of the area found to be 4.29, indicating higher vulnerability of the research area to climate change. Study concluded that impact of climate change in livestock sector is significant and means of dealing with climate change must be identified soon for ...

Tariq Aziz1, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1, Quaid Hussain1,3*, Tariq Shah2,3, Nazir Ahmad1 and Amir Sohail1 

...2 F3 populations) showed significant differences for all traits. Cultivar Janbaz had maximum spike length (13.9 cm) and maximum number of grains spike-1 (89.2). Parental line B-IV(N)5 had maximum single spike weight (4.6 g), 100-grain weight (4.6 g) and grain yield (32.0 g plant-1). F3 population B-RF7 × Janbaz had 100-grain weight (4.5 g) and grain yield (31.9 g plant-1). Similarly, F3 population B-RF1 × Janbaz had more single spike weight (4.1 g)...
Wajid Ali1,*, Asma Karim1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3*, Ghulam Mustafa4, Zeeshan Shafique1, Ijaz Anwar1
...e exposure to pesticide, significant changes were observed in serum biochemistry and histology. Serum glucose and cholesterol were increased while total protein was decreased. Histopathological result reveled that gills of experimental fish was damage severely resulting Necrosis, Damaged nuclei , rupturing of epithelial cells, Mucous cells and severe lamellar fusion. It was concluded that, deltamethrine is highly toxic for non-target aquatic organisms like sil...
Rahim Dad Brohi1,*, Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro1, Allah Bux Kachiwal1, Illahi Bux Kalhoro1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1, Sarfaraz Ahmed2, Farhan Anwar Khan3, Hira Sajjad Talpur1, Zia-ur-Rehman1 and Dinesh Bhattaria4
...erapy the pulse rate was significantly (P<0.01) decreased, but respiratory rate remained unchanged. The administration of anesthesia on the other hand caused a significant (P<0.01) increase in the pulse rate and a significant (P<0.01) decrease in the respiratory rate. The body temperature decreased (P<0.01) with all the three anesthetic regimens. The means of safe induction of ...
Faxiang Wang, Yan Chen, Sai Chen, Xianghong Li, Jian Yu, Jianhui Wang and Yongle Liu*
... stored at 4 °C, and significant changes of the proteins content, as shown by the SDS-PAGE fingerprint, was observed after 6 days of storage. Protein’s surface hydrophobicity and total SH content increased during the first 4 days and then decreased gradually up to 10 days. The Ca2+-ATPase activity of protein decreased gradually during the storage period. The high MW proteins easily degraded during the cold storage, and the proteins with lo...

Qaisar Mehmood1*, Muhammad Riaz2, Maqbol Hussain Sail1 and Muhammad Moeen1 

...sphorous fertilizer have significant effect on the wheat yield. Irrigation mode and weedisides spray also has much impact on the wheat yield. 

...

Safina Naz1, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Bushra Siddique3 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4

...tables are considered as significant ingredients in daily dietaries as they have high nutritive values and impart valuable role in the deterrence of human diseases and improvement of health. People usually used to eat vegetable for developing taste without observing their nutritive significance. The present study was therefore, planned to assess the essential proximate nutritional and mineral contents in edible parts of some vegetables. All the analyses were c...

Shamsher Ali1, Zakir Ullah Jan1*, Zahir Shah2, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Farmanullah Khan2, Inayat ur Rahman3 and Shah Fahad3 

...nd P2O5 in (T5) and (T6) significantly increased yield and yield traits of Hybrid CS-200 and Azam variety than rest of the fertilizers treatments. The significantly maximum plant height of Azam cv. (260 cm) and hybrid (247cm) were recorded in treatment T5 (N- P2O5@ 130-90 kg per hectare + 20 ton per hectare FYM) followed by T6 (50-45) kg N, P2O5 ha-1 + FYM @ 20000 kg ha-1. The Azam plants were taller than hybrid. The treatme...

Yasir Ali1*, Muhammad Aslam Khan1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Muhammad Hussain2

...tripe and stem rust have significant threat to agro-ecosystems and worldwide food security. Semi-dwarf wheat varieties with major gene resistance could not continue for longer period due to emergence of new rust races. However, genotypes such as Inqilab-91, Bluebird, Kenya Plume and Hope developed in early part of green revolution retained their resistance for longer period due to presence of non-specific rust resistance genes. Until now, 187 rust resistance g...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Bushra Hassan2, Nadeem Anwar2, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel3 and Shafique-ur-Rehman

...nities. The results were significant at 5% level of significance as F (3, 119) = 140.74; p< 0.05 and explained 78.4% of the variation in dependent factor of job opportunities for the respondents which is responsible for economic prosperity of rural communities. The results from second, third, fourth and fifth objectives respectively indicated that vocational education, cane food or auto workshop businesses, computer related job opportunities, and training i...
Haozhen Liu1, Xiangfu Li2, Yinong Wang1,*, Xun Liu3,4, Li Wang1, Dong Liu1, Chen Chen1, Jinjing Li1, Haifeng Jiao5 and Zhongjie You1,5
...nt of the study area has significant spatial heterogeneity. Environmental variables of sediment and water column were studied to provide models for spatial patterns of macrobenthic assemblages. Result showed that most of variation in macrobenthic spatial patterns were explained by the studied environmental variables. Sedimentary sulfide, sedimentary total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and water colour are the certain environmental factors that have proved shapi...
Li Lv1, Liuan Li1,*, Ruibo Zhang1, Zhichao Deng1, Tianming Jin1 and Gaimei Du2
... dietary supplementation significantly increased egg white, egg yolk and total egg levels, as well as daily egg production (P < 0.05). During the study, egg white, egg yolk and total egg selenium, as well as egg production, initially increased for low- and medium-dose groups and then plateaued. In contrast, these parameters initially increased and subsequently decreased for the high-dose group. Increasing levels of selenium supplementation proportion...

Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Javeria Choudhary1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Sohail Ahmed2 and Muhammad Sajjad Khalil

...ese strains did not have significantly higher tolerance ratio against permethrin and spinosad except Fsd-strain with 9.5-fold tolerance ratio against permethrin. Biochemical studies indicated that Swl-strains had significantly higher activities of cellulases. Enzyme kinetics results demonstrated that Swl-strain had a maximum value of Vmax (68.4 Nm s-1) and lowest value of Km (12.8 g L-1). Fsd- and Swl-strains exhibited incre...
Xiaojie Ding, Xiling Sun, Zuien Wang, Qiusheng Zheng, Xiaofei Yu, Wenjin Hao, Kejun Wang, Wenjuan Xu and Zhengping Dong*
...so that Wumei Pill has a significant therapeutic effect on IBS-D.
...

Raza Ullah Khan*, Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Zameer Khan, Fayyaz Hussain and Sonia Saba 

...combination of P yielded significant response in plant growth parameter. It was found that split application of P equally as soil and foliar caused an increase in biomass and grain yield. With respect to post harvest P and K concentration in plant parts, almost similar trend was observed showing maximum concentration of P and K in shoot and root of plant treated with P equally as soil and foliar. An increase in P translocation from root to leaf was observed in...
Ali Murad Rahoo1, Tariq Mukhtar2,*, Barkat Ali Bughio3 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4
...G. mellonella had significant effect on the emergence of IJ. Significantly greater numbers of IJ both of H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae emerged from large sized G. mellonella than medium and small sized and the emergence was found to be positively correlated with the size of the host. It was also observed that emergence of IJ of H. bacteriophora was significant
Peng Xu1, Bin Liu1,2, Yongqiang Zhao3, Shicheng Lv3 and Changhu Lu1,*
...year with GAMs indicated significant correlations between population size and mean maximum air temperature in November, mean minimum air temperature in December, mean air temperature in December, respectively. Time-lag effects were found between population fluctuation of red-crowned crane and the climate variables within 2, 4, 6 and 7 years earlier in December and February of the following year. Combination of the highest interpretations of the climate variabl...
Nimra Naseer, Adeela Fatima and Imran Sajid*
...MD-16 were found to have significant antimicrobial activity against MDR bacterial pathogens. Secondary metabolite profiling of each methanolic extract by TLC and HPLC-UV signified the presence of unique and diverse metabolic compounds. The study predicts that the seactinomycetes strains are a potential resource to cope up with evolving multi drug resistant pathogens. Furthermore, these secondary metabolites can be identified by comparative studies and these ac...

Fan Shuli1*, Ameer Hussain Jarwar1,3, Xiaoyan Wang2, Long Wang1 and Qifeng Ma

...r but cotton seed oil is significantly used as a comestible vegetable oil and makes major contribute in the national oil industry. According to an estimate per capita usage of edible oil in the country is 15 kg, this is even higher than the consumption in countries with same economic status of economical evolution. Overall requirements for this purpose in 2028–30 is estimated at approximately 5.30 million/tons from which domestic share could be only 1.99...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4,    Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...stical analysis revealed significant association of age (OR= 3.267; CI = 1.686-6.331) and herd size (OR = 2.600; CI = 1.421-4.760) with CCIT positivity. Similarly, induction of new animals into the herd (OR= 2.661; CI = 1.758-4.028) and sheltering the animals at night (OR= 2.448; CI = 1.568-3.882) also showed association with a positive skin test. The herd owners and animal handlers had poor knowledge regarding signs, symptoms and the zoonotic nature of the in...
Qudrat Ullah1,*, Huma Jamil1, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi1, Muhammad Saqib2 and Heinrich Neubauer3
...the difference being non-significant. A significant (P<0.05) association was found between seropositivity against C. burnetii and variables like livestock farm, type of farming, region (locality of farm), presence of ticks, animal health status and season of sampling. In conclusion, the study indicates the occurrence of antibodies to C. burnetii at the government livestock farms included in the study....

Bushra Qadir1, Muhammad Asim2 and Mohammad Akmal1* 

...h (roots with shoot) was significantly (p<0.05) changed with a minimum at the thermal unit (TU) 677 to a maximum at TU 3257. Averaged across TU and extracts, the variety Cuf-101 showed the maximum plant length, root length and shoot length. Averaged across TU and varieties, seeds treated with extracts of Bakayn showed higher length than Ber extract and water (control) treatment. Plant length was significantly affected by ...

Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1*, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Dakwang Nalong1, Rengkat Jonah1 and Olabode Mayowa

... There was statistically significant difference in the T. gondii seroprevalence based on the animal species (P=0.023; odds ratio=7.688) screened in the study. In pigs, T. gondii seropositivity was found to be higher (46.2%) and about five times more likely to occur in males than in females (33.3%) (P=0.016; Odds ratio=5.15; 95%CI=1.040-1.844). The seropositivity was also found to increase with age. The prevalence was higher (44.1%) in animals older than 2 year...

Muhammad Israr1*, Saeed Ullah1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Asif Yaseen3, Urooba Pervaiz4 and Nafees Ahmad5 

...adation (LD) is the most significant environmental issue in the present world and posing a challenge to the goals of future sustainability. The aims of this study was to measure the agriculture land degradation process in northern irrigated plains of Pakistan by studying the perceptions of the farmers about the different dimensions of agriculture LD with the construction of LD index. For achieving this primary data was collected by proportionate random samplin...

Muhammad Luqman1, Raheel Saqib2*, Mujahid Karim1, Khalid Nawab2, Abdur Rehman3 and Muhammad Yaseen1 

...oung (26 to 40 years). A significant majority (76.3%) were illiterate and only 23.8% were literate (Having more than five years of schooling). Farming was the major income source for majority (69.4%) of respondents. Small farming is very common as more than 60.0% of the respondents had only up to 5 acres of land. Majority (65.6%) were perceived as poor (having monthly income >7000 PKR). Regarding impact of agro forestry on rural household food security &ldq...

Arshad Iqbal1*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Hidayat ur Rahman1, Faiza Aman2 and Aziz-ur-Rahman

...f variance showed highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) differences for parents, F5:6 lines and parents vs F5:6 lines for all the studied traits. Among the F5:6 lines, AUP-304 showed minimum days to heading (91 days) while the F5:6 line AUP-361 took minimum days to maturity (118 days). F5:6 line AUP-311 exhibited maximum flag leaf area (55 cm2) and maximum culm length (132.3 cm). Maximum panicle length (28.3 cm) among F5:6 lines was recorded for AUP-271, whereas, A...
Song Jiang1,2, Fa-lin Zhou1, Qi-bin Yang1, Jian-hua Huang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1*
...duction could be induced significantly after cold stress at 15°C and heat stress above 30°C. SOD activity showed a similar changing profile as the concentration of O2- after thermal stress between 15°C and 30°C, and GSH concentration increased significantly under both high and low temperature. The NOS activity and concentration of NO catalyzed by NOS increased si...
Yuan Li1, Liyan Zhang2, Karhoe Loh3, Ji Feng1, Xinqing Zheng1, Puqing Song1 and Longshan Lin1,*
...lotype lineages differed significantly in frequency distribution of Chinese and Malaysian populations, showing an imperfect geographical pedigree structure. Results of AMOVA also showed that the genetic differentiation was mainly among populations. According to the distribution of the haplotypes, an ancestral haplotype existed in both the Chinese population and the Malaysian population, further confirming that the Chinese and Malaysian P. minor populati...

Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1*, Maryam Bisola Adebayo2, Bashiru Shafa Abubakar3, Ibrahim Abubakar Yusuf2 and Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi1  

... ≤ 0.05). There was a significant association (χ2 = 12.571; p = 0.028) between age group and IgG antibody. The age group > 40 years old had the highest prevalence of IgG antibodies while the age group 21 – 25 years (p ≤ 0.05) had the least (39.3%). Similarly, there was significant association (χ2 = 39.602; p < 0.001) between trimester and IgG antibody with the highest IgG antibody prevalence recorde...

Inzimamul Haq1*, Shahid Sattar1, Bashir Ahmed1, Qamar Zeb2 and Amjad Usman

... T. chilonis resulted in significantly lower leaf injury m-2 (1.32) and dead hearts (4.16 %) closely followed by the plots treated with emamectin benzoate + T. chilonis with leaf injury m2 (1.74) and dead hearts (7.50 %) while significantly higher leaf injury m2 (3.64) and dead hearts (20.0 %) were recorded in control plots. Yield data followed almost the same pattern as observed in case of leaf injury and dead hearts.

Ali Muhammad*, Yasser Durrani, Majid Suhail Hashmi, Ihsan Mabood Qazi, Muhammad Ayub and Saifullah 

...als and treatments had a significant (p<0.05) effect on physicochemical and sensory quality of neutralized whey. 

...

Asif Nawaz* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan 

...aptation options. Highly significant difference at 1% level of probability between the possessed and required level of these competencies revealed that Field Assistants required trainings in these climate change competencies. Therefore, it is suggested that immediate in-service training should be provided to them in the identified competencies and also it might be included in the curriculum of the Field Assistants diploma course. 

...

Monsif Ur Rehman1*, Hidayat-ur-Rahman1, Muhammad Iqbal2, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1 and Zahir Shah3 

...lysis of variance showed significant differences among hybrids, lines and testers. Differences due to site × hybrid interaction for grain yield were also significant. Non-additive gene action was predominant for the inheritance of the studied traits. Tester, T-4 was the best general combiner with desirable GCA for kernels ear-1 and grain yield. The testcrosses i.e. (P8 × P10-3) × T4, (P6 × P10-1) &tim...

Sher Nawab Khan* and Ghulam Hassan 

... diallel analysis highly significant dominant (b) and additive (a) genetic effects were detected for all the parameters except spikelets spike-1. Scaling test for the adequacy of the model was complete to partially adequate for the studied parameters. Similarly, both dominant (H) and additive (D) genetic components were observed significant for the studied characters. Moderate to high broad and narrow sense heritability was ...

Aneel Salman1, Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Muhammad Ashfaq2, Mudassar Rashid1 and Usman Shakoor1 

...support. As expected, no significant variations were found across districts in the characteristics of respondents (age and income) that can affect their perceptions, their adaptation strategies, and obstacles faced in adaptation. The results of the study need to be interpreted with caution, as we did not focus on other determinants like education, role of media, and government policies that can affect farmers’ choices to adopt climate resilient farming p...

Amjad Ali1, Abbas Ullah Jan1, Lal Almas2, Noor Piao Khan1 and Khurran Nawaz Saddozai

...xplanatory variables are significant influencing factors in total cost of sugarcane production in district Charsadda. In socio-economic characteristics family size and extension contacts show negative correlation with allocative inefficiency. Mean allocative efficiency was found 63% with range from minimum 36% to maximum 90%. The presence of allocative inefficiency indicates that the average growers can reduce his cost of production (Rs.77,083/- per acre) up t...

Ambrin Rajput* 

...ion of N, P and K showed significant effect on chickpea growth and yield parameters. The maximum plant height (85.00 cm), pods plant-1 (43.8), seed index (455 g per 1000 grains), seed yield (1896.0 kg ha-1), total biomass (5205 kg ha-1), straw yield (31050 kg ha-1), protein (15.77%), shoot N, P and K (2.1, 0.3 and 1.3 %) concencentration and N, P and K uptake (95.3, 16.4 and 49.9 kg ha-1) were recorded by combined application of N, P and K fertilizer applicati...

Mushtaq Hussain Lashari1*, Fozia Afzal1 and Umer Farooq

...evalence was 26.76%. The significant (P<0.05) higher seroprevalence was observed in males (34.28%) than in females (19.44%). For analysis of hematological parameters blood samples were collected. The mean values for hemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cells Count (RBC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), White Blood Cells count (WBC), Heterophils (%), Eosinophi...

Sabahat Noor*1, Shaukat Ali1, Hafeez-ur-Rahman1, Farhatullah2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali1 

...ater contents (RWC) were significantly higher in transgenic plants as compared to non-transgenic plants. From obtained results it is concluded that, increase level of RWC, proline, sugar and chlorophyll in transgenic plants contributed in enhance drought and salt tolerance. 

...
Naila Chand1, Shamsullah1, Rafiullah1, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3, Shabana Naz4,*, Ebrahim Rowghani5 and Murad Ali Khan2
...version ratio (FCR) were significantly (P<0.05) high in Treatment MOS-100 compared to the control. Similar trend was also observed in the weight of bursa,thymus and spleen. Significantly higher villus height, crypt depth and goblet cell count was recorded with MOS-100 while values lower with MOS-0 treatment. It was concluded that improvement in growth performance, intestinal histomorphology and relative weight of lymphoid...

Mohsin Iqbal1, Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Farah Naz2, Muhammad Usman Raja2, Muhammad Fiaz3 and Muhammad Nadeem1 

...rol strategies will have significant contribution towards development of commercial formulations of bio-pesticides to be used against this grain beetle and other stored product insect pests. 

...
İnan Kaya1,*, Muhitdin Yılmaz2, Müge Mavioğlu Kaya3,Abdulsamed Kükürt4 and Mahmut Karapehlivan5
...nd they were found to be significantly higher. As a result, it was concluded that carbaryl and 2,4-D administered under of LC50 value caused liver damage by increasing the oxidative stress of Capoeta capoeta.
...
Muhammad Babar Khawar1, Muddasir Hassan Abbasi2*, Zillay Mariam1, Nadeem Sheikh1,2*
...p 1 and Group 2 showed a significant decrease of various components including Cl- (P=0.0023), K+ (P=0.0002), Na+ (P=0.0001), total proteins (P<0.0001) and albumin (P<0.0001) when compared against control. Similarly, hematological analysis revealed a significant decrease in WBCs (P<0.0001), RBCs (P=0.0001), Hemoglobin (P<0.0001), Platelets (P<0.0001) and MCHC (P<0.0001) while...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela ZameerDurrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, KhushiMuhammad1,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal2

 

...ults of RT-PCR was found significant (P>5), than complement fixation test.
...
Ashraf M. Mounir, A.N. El shahat* and A.M. Abdul Azeem
...of frankincense has been significantly increased under the effect of gamma-rays in this work. Injection of isoprenaline hydrochloride (100 mg/ kg B.Wt./day) to rats resulted in cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, hyper-lipidemia and increase cardiac marker enzymes. Treatment of rats with GFAE (45 mg/kg/day) prior to injection of ISO provide significant cardio-protective effects evidenced by an obvious reduction in...

Asma Sohail1*, Aina Rafique2, Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi1 and Maryum Arif3 

...d. The DPPH activity was significantly higher in Muzafati sundried date powder, whereas maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents were significantly higher in Muzafati freeze dried date powders. Results suggest that freeze dried date fruit powder had the highest potential to be used as functional foods as they are potential source of antioxidants. Date powder also showed probable antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli...

Shoaib Nawaz1, Muhammad Razaq1, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar1*, Muhammad Sajjad1*, Syeda Aneeza Ubaid1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar2 and Usman Haider

...ments was equal with non-significant difference between them while in calendar treatment population was significantly low. ETL and calendar base treatments give maximum yield because numbers of pest in both treated plots remain control. 

...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...D of oxamyl was found to significantly increase the toxicity of oxamyl to all developmental stages of O. afrasiaticus, whereas, the RD of Injo200 had no significant toxic effect on O. afrasiaticus with or without oxamyl. This does not mean that Injo200 is useless but it might be very effective on other pests rather than O. afrasiaticus. Finally, this study has provided a new acaricide that can be effecti...

Muhammad Arshad*, Sabeeta Jan, Sundas Awan, Samra Azam, Shiguftah Khalid and Muahmmad Ayub Khan 

...lied character while non-significant differences were observed for replications except days to flower initiation. In the present study both positive and negative correlations were found between different traits. Days to flower initiation (DFI), days to flower completion (DFC) and days to maturity (DM) contribute positively and highly significantly with plant height (PH) for both genotypic and phenotypic level. Correlation be...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
... ideal cut-off values of significant factors affecting the revenue for increasing profitability of lamb meat production in the sheep.
...

Muhammad Latif2, Muneer Abbas1*, Faisal Hafeez2 and Dilbar Hussain2 

...ll the insecticides gave significant control of both pests up to 72 hrs. of spray application. After this pest population was started to increase. In L. orbonalis spinetoram 120 SC (70 ml) gave maximum reduction 85.60 % followed by spinetoram 120 SC (50 ml) flubendiamide 480 SC and spinetoram 120 SC (40 ml) having 81.85, 65.25 and 63.57 %, respectively after 72 hrs of application. In E. vittella/E. insulana Spinetoram 120 SC (70 ml), Spinetoram 120 SC (50 ml),...
Ejaz Mahmood Ahmad Qureshi1,*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Seemal Vehra3 and Atif Yaqub4
...3. Results also revealed significant correlation coefficient ‘r’ and coefficient ofdetermination r2 of MIR with air temperature in all seasons, strongest in early post-rainy season while with humidity and rainfall; these were significant in only early rainy and early post rainy seasons. It was concluded that higher MIR in mosquitoes indicated increased infectivity in them.
...

Jafar Aqeel Naqi1, Abdul Mateen1, Dilawar Hussain2,*, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Sajjad Hussain1 and Abuzar Tabasum1 

...tments. There observed a significant difference (P<0.05) in FCR among all the dietary treatments with highest in T4 (0.59±0.32). Dietary treatment T5 (10/500g) showed significance difference (P<0.05) in red blood cells (RBC) count (2.82±0.33), white blood cells (WBC) count (6.56±0.83), hemoglobin (24.89±2.67) and hematocrit (37.27±3.83) as compared to other treatment groups including control. The r...
Muhammad Mohsin1, Dai Guilin1,*, Chen Zhuo1, Yin Hengbin1 and Muhammad Noman2
...nge by both the software significantly overlaps. However, ASPIC results showed higher values of R2. On the basis of obtained results, it is concluded that this fishery resource is overexploited which confers several economic disadvantages. In order to manage this fishery resource recommended target reference point (TRP) for MSY in Pakistani marine waters along the Sindh coast is between 1500-1700 t. Moreover, the harvest of this fishery resou...
Sajid Ali Khan1, Mazhar Hussain Ranjha1, Azhar Abbas Khan2,*, Muhammad Sagheer1, Amjad Abbas1 and Zeshan Hassan2
...repellency remained more significant for C. procera extract as compared to D. alba.While for growth the C. procera showed more significant differences. In case of mortality both D. alba and C. procera were found equally effective against T. granarium.
...

Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar*1, Shahid Riaz Malik1, Waqas Ahmad2, Muhammad Sajid Mahmood3, Muhammad Jawad1, Muhammad Asadullah1, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Muhammad Imran1

...es G2 (NCM-13) exhibited significantly better performance as compared to G1 (NM-11) for most of the studied traits including yield. In case of planting times delayed sowing enhanced the maturity but July 05 reported best results especially for yield attributes like no. of clusters per plant, pods plant-1, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index, however it was statistically similar with planting time July 15 for all these traits. The interaction also e...

Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ammarah Hasnain2, Ateeq ur Rehman1 and Rashida Perveen1 

...ferent conditions showed significant response of Mentha piperita, Azadirachta indica and Aloe vera either tested individually or in combination of two or more than two decoctions against the bacterium in question. When used individually, M. piperita demonstrated best in vitro, field and glass house experiments followed by the A. indica which also proved its efficacy against the pathogen. The combination of M. piperita, A. indica and C. limon was superior in re...

Muhammad Kashif Asghar1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1,2*, Shahid Riaz Malik2, Waqas Ahmad3, Sumaira Zareen4, Safdar Ali5 and Abid Ali6 

... all the seed treatments significantly improved achene yield, yield attributes and oil contents of sunflower. However, seed priming with 1 mM B solution was the best treatment in improving achene yield and oil contents of sunflower hybrid. While in case of hybrids HYSUN-33 performed significantly better than FH-331 for all studied parameters except for oil contents. However, the interaction between sunflower hybrids and seed...
Tünay Kontaş Aşkar1,*, Şinasi Aşkar1, Olga Büyükleblebici2 and Murat Güzel3
...minase and cytokines and significantly low levels in total antioxidant capacity and glutathione levels were found in dogs with leishmaniasis when compared with the healthy controls. According to the result of this study, oxidative stress and inflammatory changes occur in CVL. And this is the first report for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in CVL. Therefore investigation of this enzyme activity in dogs with leishmaniasis may be used for the diagnosis and inflam...

 *Muhammad Waseem1, Dost Mohammad Baloch1, Ghulam Khaliq1,
M. Rashid1, Qurban Ali2 and Mustajab A. Khan3

INTENSIFICATION IN BAMBOO (Bambusa bambos L.) TRAITS IN RESPONSE TO ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL NITROGEN ALONG THE COAST OF ARABIAN SEA
...e results indicated that significant correlation was found among the traits such as plant height, number of culms per plant, stem diameter of culms and growth rate of newly emergence culms per day also showed higher vigour under the application of treatment combination {50% N from urea (the recommended dose) + 50% N from Farm Yard Manure (FYM)}. It was suggested that the growing of bamboo should be produced through the use of combination of chemical {50% N fro...

 *Irum Javed1, Muhammad Asgher2, Sadia Noreen1, Humara Naz Majeed1 and Tanzila Sahar1

SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER FOR CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION USING AGRICULTURE RESIDUE AS SUBSTRATE
...ized. The results showed significant (P≤ 0.05) difference among LSF and SSF and between different substrates in LSF and SSF. Wheat bran showed significantly increased (P≤ 0.05) production of citric acid (P= 0.001) compared to other carrier substrates used through SSF. It was observed that 4.5 pH, 60 % moisture content, 5ml/5g inoculum size and 30oC temperature, are the initial requirements for maximum production of cit...

 Muhammad Akram and Faheem Aftab

THIDIAZURON INDUCES IN VITRO BUD BREAK AND SHOOT DEVELOPMENT FROM NODAL EXPLANTS OF ORTHOTROPIC SHOOTS OF MAIDENHAIR TREE (GINKGO BILOBA L.)
...equency of bud break was significantly reduced with the increasing concentrations of TDZ. There were 2 phases of callus formation on the explant, i.e., before bud break and after the break. The frequency of callus induction was highest (100%) at 5uM TDZ before bud break along the nodal region. The rate of callus formation was significantly reduced once bud began to break down and initiation of green axillary shoots. The shoo...

 Hafiz Muhmmad Tahir1*, Rabia Yaqoob2

Comparing the efficiency of Taq DNA polymerase and PuRe Taq Ready-To-Go PCR beads in amplifying 12S and 16S ribosomal genes
...es was not statistically significant for the 16S rDNA gene. Furthermore, Taq DNA polymerase was found only efficient for fresh samples while PuRe Taq Ready-To-Go PCR beads were equally efficient for both old and new tissue samples.

...

Muhammad Babar Khawar, Nadeem Sheikh*

Effect of paper industry leachate on various serological indices and serum proteins of wistar rats
...chate induction leads to significant positive variations in level of serum aspartate aminotransferases (AST) (P<0.0001), cholesterol (P<0.0001) and High density lipoproteins (HDL) (P<0.0001) while a significant negative change in triglycerides (P=0.0002) and creatinine (P=0.0370) level in both experimental groups. Alanine aminotransferases (ALT) level showed a significant incremen...

 Tahir Abbas*1, Khawaja Raees Ahmad2, Asmatullah3, Khalid Pervaiz Lone4, Muhammad Ali Kanwal2, Sadia Suleman2

Reno-hepatic protective effects of Jambul against chromium induced anomalies in mice
...tion in liver evident by significant elevation of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), total protein, bilirubin, globulin, creatine and uric acid along with reduction of SGOT/SGPT, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), urea and albumin as compared to control. Treatments with JFE after Cr+6 exposures significantly improved the hepatic and renal functional...

Durr-e- Samin Tahir*, Waqar Nasir, Sarah Bushra, Fatima Batool

Height trends in the population of Rabwah, district Chiniot, Pakistan and comparison with WHO standards
...eight trend revealed non-significant increase beyond 16 years, while, for males this trend
increased until 19 years. According to mid-parental height plots, 73% male and 84% female data lies within +3 inches
range of mid-parental heights. The comparison of percentile curves of local height trend and WHO curves indicate
that local height trends are significantly lower than the WHO standard. The 50th perce...

 Mirfa Murtaza1, Sajid Abdullah1, Wardah Hassan1*, Khalid Abbas1, Huma Naz1, Muhammad Anjum Zia2

Studies on amylase and lipase activity in fishes fed with diet containing different feed ingredients
...t fish wet weight varied significantly between the rice polish and
corn gluten fed fishes. The corn gluten fed fish showed significantly better growth performance than fish fed with rice
polish. The activity of amylase and lipase was higher in all fish species fed with corn gluten. Liver showed higher
amylase activity than the intestine, while the activity of lipase was higher in intestine. It was conclu...

Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Noor Fatima1, Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari1, Asma Rashid khan3, Nadeem Sheikh2*

Variations in proteins and transaminases following experimental induction of Bisphenol A in mice
...ein bands. Statistically significant
increase in total protein contents, albumin and aminotransaminases were noted in sample in comparison with control.
Comparative analysis between experimental and control samples revealed protein fractions (KDa) of 149, 132, 101,
72, 75 and (163, 114, 91, 75, 72, respectively. Conclusively, it can be stated that extensive use of BPA in various
application cause serious health hazards, as noted by ...

 Abir Ishtiaq, Muhammad Naeem*

Length-weight relationships and condition factor for farmed Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) from southern Punjab, Pakistan
...tes for LWRs were highly significant (P <0.001) with coefficient of determination, r2-values being >0.930 in the
three studied groups and for overall data. The value of the regression coefficient (b) indicated negative allometric
growth (b= 2.87), isometric growth (b= 2.95) and positive allometric growth (b= 3.22) for fish fed 15 %, 20 % and 25
% crude protein respectively, and 3.04 for overall data. The results of the present study ...

 Jhan Zeb, Muhammad Javed

Forecasting percentage contribution of plankton biomass towards increase in fish yield under composite culture conditions
...ld was
positively significant (p<0.01) under all the treatments, showing the direct dependence of fish yield on plankton
productivity. The order of percentage contribution of plankton productivity towards increase in fish yield is T3 ≥ T4>
T1> T6> T7> T5> T2. Regression model developed for T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7 illustrated 63.40, 51.60, 64.50,
64.00, 52.20, 58.70 and 54.00% dependence of increase in fish...

 Asma Karim1, Wajid Ali1*, Noreen Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3

Histological and biochemical study of liver of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) after acute exposure to pyrethoride (deltamethrin)
...as also supported by the significant
increase in levels of hepatic enzymes AST and ALT in blood plasma of exposed fish as compared to control fish.
These results suggested that deltamethrin is highly toxic for aquatic organism like silver carp causing malfunctioning
of liver.

...

 Muhammad Babar Khawar1, Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Sana Fatima3, Khawaja Abdul Mujeeb2, Nadeem Sheikh1

Alterations in proteins and transaminases activity induced by thioacetamide in albino rats
...AA injection resulted in significant alterations in serum proteins and transaminases levels. Significant
hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia were observed in sera as well as liver tissue of both experimental groups
compared to control. Furthermore, transaminases activity was significantly increased for both; AST (P=0.0045) and
ALT (P=0.0015) in both experimental groups...

 Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Zafar Iqbal Khan2, Saira Batool2, Kafeel Ahmad2, Salma Begum2

Residual effect of lambda-cyhalothrin on abundance of insect pollinators in marigold field patch
...was compared. Overall, a significant decline in plant pollinators was
observed after application of lambda-cyhalothrin on the patch of marigold plants.
Lambda-cyhalothrin caused significant mortality (15/20=75%) in honey bees in
semi-field experiment. It is concluded that lambda-cyhalothrin is highly poisonous
to insect pollinators; therefore its use should be minimized to protect the population

Madeeha Arshad, Asmatullah, Chaman Ara

Embryotoxic effects of sodium arsenate in Mus musculus
...c observations indicated significant (P≤0.05) variations
among groups in certain parameters (body weights, crown rump length, head and
eye circumferences) against control. Microcephaly, hygroma, skin hemorrhages,
scoliosis and appendage deformities among arsenic treated groups were observed.
Histological studies revealed abnormalities like spina bifida, cardiac malformations,
miss-happened cochlea and oropharynx. It is con...

Hafiz Muhammad Umer Qaisar1, Tanveer Ahmad2, Muhammad Rizwan3*, Muhammad Saqib1

Antimicrobial efficacy of combination of lincomycin and spiramycin (Lispiracin™) as systemic dry cow therapy for controlling bovine mastitis
...day 14thpost calving was significantly different (p<0.05) as compared to G2
group Somatic Cell Count was significantly reduced from 8.0 at dry off to 3.50
(P<0.05) after day14th post calving in lispiracin™ group. Quarter wise prevalence
(%) of clinical mastitis in G1 group was lower than G2 group. The cure rate of
infected quarters at day 14th post calving was 86.6% (p< 0.01) with l...

Nabila Roohi, Mehjabeen, Samina Ashraf*

Effects of cigarette smoking on serum proteins profile in male active and passive smokers
...eins
have shown a significant decrease in smokers in comparison with controls. A
significant depression in serum albumin was observed in smokers due to increased
excretion of albumin in bound state with the chemicals, whereas, total globulins,
gamma globulins and non-gamma globulin serum proteins have shown significant
increase in smokers. Our findings pr...

 Ihsan Ali1#, Asim Aslam1*, Habib-ur-Rehman2, Beenish Zahid3, Ishtiaq Ahmed1

Effect of fish oil on growth performance and immune response in experimentally infected broiler chicken with avian influenza virus H9N2
... FO treated broilers was significantly lower than broilers receiving diet with
CO before virus inoculation, furthermore a significant difference was observed in
FCR after challenged, with highest value of group A, followed by group D, B and C.
The Geometric mean titer (GMT) for H9N2 and Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV)
were recorded weekly up to 42 day of age by haemagglutination inhibition test. The...

 Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan1*, Muhammad Zafar2, Munazza Perveen3, Munir Ahmad3, Asia Iqbal4, Asmatullah3

Efficacy of malathion and carbosulfan against crop invadedaphid types Aphis craccivora (Koch) and Aphis gossypii (glover) on bean and brinjal plants
... respectively. No
significant heterogeneity was to be found.

...

 Anber Naqvi1*#, Abdul Qadir1, Adeel Mahmood2, Mehvish Mumtaz3, Iqra Aslam1, Gan Zhang4

Assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in maternal blood serum from selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan
.../> parameters reflected significant results for milk intake. The study findings
suggested a need for regulating the continuous intentional or unintentional
releases of PCB into the environment to prevent human exposure.

...

 Zafar Iqbal

A review of fisheries education in University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

Muhammad Asghar1*, Mirza Muhammad Qadeer Baig1, Sanaullalh Chaudhary1 and Muhammad Anjum Ali2 

...0gha-1 of NPK (20:20:20) significantly decreased incidence of BLS per leaf (9.31) and resulted in significant increase in 1000 grain weight (22.54 g) and yield (3.57 tha-1) and gave an additional income of Rs.26305 ha-1 with benefit cost ratio of 11.31 compared with control. It is suggested that spray of difenoconazole and macro nutrients (NPK) at appropriate concentrations are handy to minimize incidence of BLS disease in r...

Masab Umair Khan, Syed Mehar Ali Shah, Hidayat-ur-Rahman, Arshad Iqbal* and Ezaz Aslam 

Hina Abrar1,2, S.N.H. Naqvi1,*, Muhammad Rashid Ahmed3, Asma Basharat Ali3 and Hina Yasin1,2
...mma;GT and bilirubin was significantly (p<0.05) increased in CBZ treated group as compared to control, whereas the hepatic parameters were significantly reduced in CBZ plus propranolol group. The histopathological examination reveals various features of hepatic architecture damage in CBZ treated group but the hepatic damage induced by CBZ was successfully ameliorated by propranolol. To conclude propranolol is effective in...

Muhammad Shahzad Akbar, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed* and Muhammad Afzal 

... All insecticides caused significant mortality of termites as compared to control treatment. Formulations of chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr and pyriproxyfen exhibited maximum termite mortality, ranging from 31.18±5.67, 28.33±7.03 and 21.67±4.01%, respectively at 3 h post-exposure to 100% at 24 h, followed by triflumuron (81.67±3.07%) and indoxacarb (63.33±5.58%). Moreover, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, pyriproxyfen, e...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Khalid Usman2*, Muhammad Arif1, Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi3, Muhammad Munir4 and Imran Khan

...s showed that there were significant variations in all the parameters except moisture content that was found to be non-significant in 2013. The comparative assessment of the exotic germplasms investigated in this study displayed better performance over the local check in both the study years. The maximum germination (84.1 % and 85.4 %), number of fruits (25.4 and 23.9), fruit length (52.8 and 51.5 cm), fruit width (16.7 and ...

Khush Bukhat Zahid1*, Ghaffar Ali2, Samina Sabir1 and Mohammad Fayaz2 

...nfall has a negative and significant impact on the production of all crops including wheat, rice and maize. It may be because unexpected rainfall in Pakistan during monsoon season severely damages crops. This result is consistent with our expectation that high level of rainfall would decrease agricultural productivity and contribute to food insecurity in Pakistan. However, variation in temperature displays a stable trend and has signif...
A.M. Abdul Azeem, A.N. El Shahat* and Ashraf M. Mounir
...amma irradiation induced significant increase in the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of pomegranate peels powder. Concurrent treatments of lead-injected rats with GPE induced significant reduction in serum activities of liver enzymes, level of hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation and plasma levels of caspase 3 associated with significant increase in the levels of lutei...
Muhammad Muddassir Ali1,2 and İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci1,*
...ctively. All groups were significantly different (P<0.05) from the control group at both concentrations. A current study concluded that T. turcica had the genotoxic effects on the liver cancerous cell line and alcoholic extracts showed the more DNA damage on HepG2 cells.
...

Abid Muhammad Shah1, Safdar Ali1*, Ijaz Ahmad2, Gulzada Wazir1, Obaidullah Shafique1, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Bashir Ahmad Khan3 and Sumaira Zareen4 

...pared by using the least significant differences test (LSD) at 5% level of significance. Most of the studied parameters showed significant results (P≤0.05) for yield and weed indices. The results showed that highest weed control efficiency (41.86%) was recorded for hand weeding followed by Ally Max (30.8%) which were significantly different from each other; while, in case of sowing meth...

Ali Zohaib1*, Saima Yousaf1,2, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Tahira Tabassum1, Tasawer Abbas3, Wardah Muzaffar1 and Wasiq Ikram2 

...wat-84. Seed inoculation significantly improved the total chlorophyll content, leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate and dry matter yield. Seed inoculation with P. fluorescens produced more pronounced results for all the studied traits as compared to R. japonicum. The tested genotypes of soybean did not differ for allometric traits and dry matter yield; however, EBR4V4 produced the tallest plants. In conclusion, seed inoculation of soybean impr...

Misbahullah, Shad Khan Khalil, Asim Muhammad*, Afza Tabassum and Shah Fahad  

...tion applied at 1:4 gave significantly more tillers m-2 (194.5) and more spikelets spike-1 (21.0). Sorghum extract concentration with combination of weedicide sprayed at tillering stage gave less number of weeds (76), minimum weed fresh weight (170) and dry weight (132), increased days to heading (116.5), increased days to anthesis (123.0), increased days to physiological maturity (154.4), maximum number of tillers m-2(192.6) and more number of of spikelets sp...

Neelum Andaleeb1*, Munir Khan1, Syed Attaullah Shah1 and Rahmat Ullah2 

...ural credit had positive significant effects on household’s probability to be in the upper income category. Based on the findings, study recommends that the significance of women participation for growth in livestock industry should be recognized in government plans and policies. Non-government organization, working for rural development, should be involved in provision of credit and livestock training facilities to rural women and encourage them to part...
Shagufta Nighat1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1,*, Syed Israr Shah1, Amber Khalid1, Tariq Mahmood2, Ayesha Aihetasham3 and Muhammad Asif4
...the regions and sexes no significant variations were found in metal concentrations; however within three bat species metal concentrations varied significantly. This study provides baseline data for future comparisons and management of bats and metal concentrations in environment.
...
Muhammad Ijaz1, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Rahmatullah2, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Sadaqat Ali3,*, Awais Ghaffar1, Ahmad Ali1 and Sehrish Saleem1
...thy). The results showed significant (p< 0.05) increase of PCV% in diarrheic foals of all species. The sodium, calcium, copper, iron and lithium concentrations significantly (p < 0.05) decreased while the potassium concentration significantly (p < 0.05) increased in diarrheic foals. Hence, this can be concluded that diarrhea in foals have
Chao Zhao1,2, Juan Feng1, Haidong Xu1, Lihua Qiu1,2,*, Qibin Yang1, Zhenhua Ma1 and Jian G. Qin3
...erimental period was not significantly affected by the water pretreatment (P > 0.05). However, the bacteria communities were significantly affected by water pretreatment (P < 0.05). Heterotrophic bacteria and vibro counts in the formalin treatment were significantly lower than UV treatment and untreated group (P < 0.05). Based on the results obtained in the pr...

Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1*, Amjad Khan1, Mahmood Alam Khan1, Waqas Ahmad2, Shafiq ur Rehman3, Mohammad Sharif4 and Sajjad Ahmad1 

...ural event that can have significant impact on the economy. Pakistan is a semi-arid country where hydrological drought generally causes adverse impacts on agricultural production and hydropower generation. In this research, the characteristics of hydrological droughts in Indus River basin using stream flow data of major rivers of Pakistan were investigated. Stream flow drought indices (SDI) were used to determine the severity of droughts for the Indus, Jhelum,...

Fouzia Tabssum1, Qamar uz Zaman2*, Yinglong Chen3,4, Umair Riaz5*, Waqas Ashraf6, Ambreen Aslam2, Nusrat Ehsan2, Rab Nawaz2, Humera Aziz7 and Shamim ul Sibtain Shah8 

...ar applied 50 mM proline significantly improved the seedling growth under saline stress by reducing electrolyte leakage and improving the water related (relative water contents and water potential), and biochemical attributes (SOD, CAT, MDA, EL and T CHL). Under field conditions, exogenous application of optimized dose of proline both at seedling establishment and vegetative stage significantly improved the performance of ri...

Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Iqbal1 and Malik Muhammad Hashim2 

...x. The results indicated significant variation among the treatments for all parameters during both years of study. Among the treatments I3 (15 days’’ interval) improved almost all the studied characters. However, increasing interval improves the sucrose% and TSS% during both years. Hence I3 (15 days’’ interval) is the best for obtaining highest beet yield and quality under Dera Ismail Khan Conditions. 

...
Muhammad Amir Iqbal1, Nabila Roohi1*, Ahmad Qureshy2

 

... with controls. However, significant (P<0.05) improvement was noticed in it in post treatment group. Pronounced elevation (P<0.001) of ALT was observed in overt state when compared with controls. Subclinical subjects also manifested significant (P<0.05) up regulation, whereas, pronounced reduction (P<0.01) was observed in ALT in post therapeutic condition. Prominent elevation (P...
Zhongquan Zhao*, Tianyuan Yang, Lei Qiao, Qijie He and Zinuo Dai
... goat breeds and was not significant difference among the different litter sizes does in the breed. The semen quality was high in different seasons. Dazu black goats might have shorter gestation period (147.9±1.7 days) and have longer kidding interval (237.8±4.6 days). The percentages of singletons, twins, triplets and quadruplets born were 1.98, 47.27, 40.02 and 10.29 %, respectively. The mean litter sizes (2.60±0.72) were the highest amo...
Yan-Guo Han1, Xiao-Li Peng1, Kai Li1, Yu-He-Tian Zhao1, Xun-Ping Jiang2, Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Jun-Hua Ye3, Li Xu3, Qin-Tao Zhao3 and Yong-Fu Huang1,*
...n Group T1 and T2 showed significantly higher anti-SS antibody, serum growth hormone and IGF-1 concentrations and average body weight than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Immunisation with ptCS/2SS-asd promoted the growth of rams similar to the effect of the simple co-injection of CpG and SS DNA vaccine. Thus, the fusion type of CpG adjuvant is an effective, simple, and low-cost method in enhancing the effect of SS DNA vaccine and the g...
Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah1, Mohcen Menaa2,*, Salah Telailia3,Menouar Saheb1 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi2
...i Reghis Mountain varied significantly between different habitats. Further, SIMPER test indicated that six of the seven species were responsible for the mean of 50% of dissimilarity between sampled habitats. The dissimilarity between pine woodlands and mixed oak-pine forests was about 50%, in general, and produced by differences in abundance of Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs, European Serin Serinus serinus, House Sparrow Passer domesticus,...
Shaher Bano1, Sarah Ghafoor1,* and Nadia Naseem2
...d at 5 weeks. However no significant change was observed in TGF-α expression in ductal epithelium of salivary glands in rats sacrificed at 9 weeks.T3 has a temporal effect on TGF-α expression during early postnatal rat salivary gland development. 
...
Xiao-Ying Ren1, Di Zhang2 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
...ts showed that there had significant differences in skull shapes of centroid size in Eothenomys. Orbital cavity and alveolar region had significant differences in intraspecific skulls, some differences were shown in interspecific skulls, such as the point between the anterior tip of suture nasal and premaxilla, anterior tip of suture between nasal and premaxilla, anterior and posterior most ventral points of the upper...
Radek Aulicky1,*, Vaclav Stejskal1 and George Opit2
...sure periods, there were significant differences in mortality between repressive and preventive regimes. However, no differences between regimes existed for 24-h exposure. Our data show that short term exposure to DDVP strips have suppression effect for O. surinamensis but cannot fully replace long term exposure of strips or high dose DDVP aerosols for T. castaneum, C. ferrugineus, R. dominica and S. granarius.
...
Gangchun Xu1,2, Fukuan Du2, Yuyu Wang2, Yan Li2, Zhijuan Nie2 and Pao Xu1,2,*
...V and PTGES2a was significantly more highly expressed than PTGES2b. In the spawning process, the expression of PTGES2a did not significantly change, remaining at a low level. In contrast, PTGES2b expression significantly increased during spawning. These results provide basic knowledge of the new PTGES2s of C. nasus.
...

Amara Amjad Hashmi1,2,*, Maqbool Hussain Sial3, Waqar Akram4 and Maaida Hussain Hashmi5,6

... female headship plays a significant positive role in caloric intake, among the other variable head education, households’ member with basic education and higher education, live stock ownership, consumption of livestock produced at home, farming, consumption of food crop produced at home and foreign and domestic remittances plays a significant positive role in caloric intake of food insecure households. 

...

Muhammad Tahir Amin, Khalid Usman*, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik and Nishter Ali

...hat irrigation intervals significantly affected all the parameters such as plant height, sympodial branches, seed cotton yield, and quality-related traits such as fiber length, fiber strength, micronaire, and fiber uniformity. Frequent irrigation interval (7th day) produced taller plants (139 cm) and more sympodial branches (18.3) compared to less frequent irrigations (10-19th day). However, 19th day irrigation interval significant

Nighat Seema1*, Muhammad Hamayun1, Husan Ara1 and Raham Sheer Khan

...phytic fungi inoculation significantly affected the soil properties such as soil texture, organic matters, EC and pH with or without 8% PEG induced drought stress. Upon inoculation of different endophytic fungi with or without drought stress, the trend in pH values of soil remain variable (7.61~7.96) compared with the pH value before experiment. The 8% PEG induced drought stress elevated the EC value, however, the inoculation of all types of endophytic fungi l...

Syed Said Badshah Bukhari1*, Ghulam Ali Bajwa2 and S. Shafiqur Rehman

... was negative and highly significant (p<0.01) and of precipitation positive and non-significant (p>0.05). The study showed a negative growth response of annual growth ring-widths and intra-ring early wood formation and a positive growth response of intra-ring late wood formation of Pinus wallichiana to rising temperatures. These results suggested that the use of ring-widths combined with intra-ring wood formations enab...

Muhamad Jawad*, Shahid Riaz Malik, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar, Muhammad Asadullah, Israr Hussain and Rabia Khalid 

...antitative traits showed significant variability among the genotypes. Correlation analysis indicates negative correlation of yield with lowest pod height and highly significant correlation between lowest pod height and plant height. Cluster analysis performed for qualitative and quantitative traits separately. It was observed that genotypes with suitable plant type for mechanized harvesting belongs to different cluster and h...
Asim Faraz1,*, Muhammad Younas2, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Yaqoob2 and Kashif Ishaq3

 

...le and female calves was significantly increased (P<0.05) in IMS (80.83+2.7, 77.83+2.7 kg and 0.674+0.02, 0.649+0.02 kg/d) than SIMS (50.33+2.7, 45.16+2.7 kg and 0.419+0.02, 0.376+0.02 kg/d), respectively. Intake of crop residues varied (P<0.05) between groups (6.93+0.45, 6.37+0.45; 4.09+0.46, 3.83+0.46 kg/d in male and female calves, respectively). Available species for grazing/browsing were kikar, phulai, beri, siras, jand, khagal, dhaman, persain, kha...
A.H. Shahzad1, A. Sattar1,*, A. Husnain1, I. Ahmad2, N. Ahmad1, D. Nak3 and Y. Nak3
...nch (48%) groups was non-significant. On d60 and d90 overall PR was 44 and 73% (P=0.002) and 43 and 72% (P=0.002) while overall pregnancy loss was 11 and 4% in control and resynch groups, respectively. In experiment II, PR on d30, d60 and d90 was 44 versus 54% (P=0.28), 53 versus 72% (P=0.03) and 50 versus 70% (P=0.025) in control and resynch groups with overall pregnancy loss of 14 and 3%. Mean P4 profile (ng/mL) was non-
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Memoona Chaudhary2, Riaz Hussain3, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Madiha Khan6, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Mehtab Ahmad7, Muhammad Sajid Hasni2Imran Qaiser8, Ghazanfar Rashid1, Ikramul Haq1 and Ikramullah Khan8
...al analysis revealed non-significant (P>0.05) difference between Cholistan desert and Suleiman mountain range (48.18% and 46.09%, respectively). S. aureus was isolated from 53.03% of the milk samples, with significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence in Cholistan desert (66.10%) as compared to Suleiman range (57.98%). Blind quarter prevalence of S. aureus subclinical mastitis was 8.46% an...
Menderes Cenet
...les (H07 and H08) showed significant antifungal effects on Candida albicans.
...

Saima Yousaf1,2, Ali Zohaib2*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Tahira Tabassum2, Tasawer Abbas3, Sohail Irshad4, Usman Javed5 and Naila Farooq6 

...genotypes did not differ significantly in grain yield, biological yield and oil content; however, differed in protein content. Swat-84 was superior among all genotypes pertaining to yield formation and protein content. In conclusion, seed inoculation with R. japonicum and P. fluorescens improved the yield and quality of soybean genotypes thus could be employed to improve the soybean productivity. 

...

Babar Tasim1, Tariq Masood1*, Zafar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Arif2, Ata Ullah1, Ghazal Miraj3 and Muhammad Samiullah4 

...sis of the data revealed significant difference for proximate composition, pH, EC and macro and micro nutrients. Biochar obtained from Sesbania stem was found high in fixed carbon content (66.9%) and volatile matter (27%) but low in ash content (4.5%). AD biochar contained lowest amount of fixed carbon (49%) and volatile matter (17%) but highest ash content (30%) among different biochar samples under investigation. All the samples were alkaline in nature with ...

Masaud Khan1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Tahir Sarwar1 and Muhammad Jamal Khan2 

...tion, leaching increased significantly compared to the increasing Nitrogen doses and same pattern was observed with the decreasing irrigation levels and decreasing nitrogen doses. When irrigation levels were increased by 10 and 20% nitrate leaching increased by 38 and 48%. Similarly when Nitrogen levels were increased by 10 and 20% increase in nitrate leaching was about 20 and 35% but when irrigation level were decreased by 10 and 20 % nitrate leaching also de...

Ali Bakhsh1*, Mashal Rehman1, Said Salman1 and Rehmat Ullah

...l the genotypes depicted significant differences for days to first square formation, days to first flower formation, plant height, monopodial branches per plant, sympodial branches per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, fiber length, fiber strength, uniformity index, fiber fineness, ginning out turn and seed cotton yield per plant in both watering treatments. Water stress on an average, caused a reduction of 13% in days to first square formation, 1...

Salman Ali*, Inamullah, Muhammad Arif, Mehran Ali, Muhammad Owais Iqbal, Fazal Munsif and Arsalan Khan 

...ntity by crops and has a significant role in increasing crop growth and yield by reducing the adverse effects of drought stress. Although a large quantity of potassium can be found in soil but is mostly in an unavailable form. A field experiment was, therefore established at Agronomy Research Farm the University of Agriculture Peshawar-KP to evaluate the response of maize toward different K levels under varied irrigation frequencies, during Autumn, 2015. Rando...

Zakiullah1, Muhammad Farid Khan1*, Muhammad Mohibullah3, Muhammad Iqbal2, Irfanullah3, Faheemullah3, Madiha Urooj1 and Uzma Arif1 

...results displayed highly significant (P≤0.01) variation among above six OPVS for days to germination, plant height, leaf area, number of grains ear-1, grains moisture % at harvest, grain yield and biological yield. Mean square values due to general combining ability were highly significant (P≤0.01) for all the experimental parameters except grain yield and biological yield. Highly significant

Raza Ullah1* and Jamal Shah

... tools at the same time, significantly reduced wheat yield. The research suggested that future studies should identify ways to minimize such costs associated with risk management at farm level. 

...

Muhammad Rameez Khan1, Muhammad Imtiaz2, Farhatullah3, Sohail Ahmad1 and Sajid Ali1* 

...owdery mildews. Although significant attention is given to rust diseases, powdery mildew is a less considered diseases so far, mainly due to lack of information on the prevalence across Pakistan. Surveillance for powdery mildew status assessment was conducted across Pakistan during three wheat crop seasons i.e., 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. A total of 437 fields (from 63 districts) were surveyed in 2016, 480 fields (from 69 districts) in 2017 and 294 fields (from 3...
Syeda Beenish Bukhari1, Sidra Khalid1*, Shahid Bashir1, Riffat Mehboob2, Humaira Waseem2
...les. Analysis revealed a significant association between maternal education and barriers to complete vaccination course.
...

Shumaila Nazeer1, Iqbal Javed1*, Allah Bakhsh2, Mudassar Yasin2, Haroon Javaid3 and Kaniz Fatima1 

...which shows positive and significant impact of education on kinnow export from Pakistan to USA. The coefficient of packing cost is -0.039 that shows negative but highly significant effect. The coefficient of international sale price was 0.003 that showed positive sign and highly significant. In case of factor affecting the kinnow exports to UAE, the coefficient of age of exporter is positi...
Aqeel Mehboob, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Muhammad Sarmadand Maryam Bajwa
... free choice method. The significant antifeedant and as well as oviposition deterrent activity against the S. litura was found when the above mentioned botanicals were tested.
...
Muhammad Shabir Shaheen1, Shahid Mehmood1, Athar Mahmud1, Jibran Hussain1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi2, Muhammad Yaqoob3, Sohail Ahmad1 and Arshad Javid4,*
...ng system (FH) exhibited significantly (P<0.05) better FCR, EEF and livability along with higher glucose and lower cholesterol level in blood with better immune response that led to higher profit margin. All these parameters were significantly (P<0.05) lowest on gas brooder in comparison of brooding systems.
...
Tamoor Azeem1,*, M. Yasin Tipu1, Asim Aslam1, Sajjad Ahmed2, Salman Ahmed Abid1, Abdullah Iqbal3, Naeem Akhtar4, Muhammad Saleem4, Aamerzish Mushtaq4 and Sajid Umar4
...e of diptelonemiasis was significantly higher in young than older camels. Blood analysis revealed that blood parasites infection in camels results in decrease in PCV, Hb, RBC and PLT values and increase in TLC values. On the other hand, serum analysis revealed increase in ALT, AST, ALP and GGT while decrease in total protein and albumin (p>0.05).
...
Muhammad Tufail1, Naila Chand1, Rafiullah1, Shakoor Ahmad2, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3 and Shabana Naz4,*
...100 improved feed intake significantly (P<0.01) at the age of 4th and 5th week followed by MOS-50. Significantly (P<0.01) higher overall body weight gain was recorded for treatment MOS-100 compared to the control. At 5th and 6th weeks of age, significantly (P<0.01) lower FCR was recorded in MOS-100. The highest level of replacement (MOS-...

Shamsher Ali1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Zahir Shah2, Naveedullah3 and Abdul Jalal1 

... of leaves were affected significantly (p < 0.05) by different levels of salinity. Irrespective of maize varieties, the percent emergence, plant height, number of leaves, shoots and roots weight of Maize were reduced with linear increasing levels of salinity. Among the genotypes, maximum 1st, 2nd percent emergence (50% and 96 % respectively), plant height (94 cm), number of leaves (10), shoot weight (59 g/pot) and root weight (9 g/pot) were recorded by Iqba...
Muhammad Huzaifa Mehmood1, Muhammad Ahmad Iqbal2, Muhammad Daood1, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq3*, Khubaib Ali3
...d PUFA concentration was significantly affected by the incorporation of oat in rabbit feed. It was concluded that the supplementation of 2% oat in rabbit feed increase n-3 PUFA in meat while improvement in serum lipid profile was observed by 4% supplementation of oat seeds. It was also observed that fat percentage in meat was also reduced by oat seed supplementation.
...

Mehran Ali1*, Inamullah1, Muhammad Bilal2, Salman Ali1, Farooq Nawaz1 and Muhammad Owais Iqbal1 

...physical properties were significantly higher in organic fertilizer applied plots compared to urea treatments. Conclusively, urea incorporated with cultivator gives higher yield but organic sources incorporated with MB plough could be better alternate for urea to improve maize productivity on sustainable basis. 

...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2 
...y was found positive and significantly correlated with fruit infestation. Average precipitation showed positive but non-significant correlation in case of all the cultivars except Singhnath 666 which was positive and significant. On the other hand, average temperature was found non-significant and negatively correlated in case of Brinjal Long 6275, Round...
Rahat Afza, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Asam Riaz*
...ophos and chlorpyriphos) significantly affected the IGP of coccinellids beetles and their aphid consumption. The effect of insecticides was concentration dependent.None of the tested insecticides was found completely harmless to coccinellids. Imidacloprid was found relatively safe to coccinellids and hence, recommended for use in canola field. It is concluded that C. septempunctata is a stronger predator showing high value of IGP and the presence of pre...
Pingping Cang1, Mingming Zhang1, Guo Qiao1,Qirui Sun1, Dehai Xu3, Qiang Li1, Xinghua Yuan4 and Wenbin Liu2,
...WG, SG and survival were significantly lower than those in BFT group. There were no statistical differences in crude protein (CP), crude lipid (CL) and ash contents of gibel carp muscle between BFT and control group at the end of experiment (P >0.05). The essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and total amino acids contents of gibel carp muscle in BFT group were higher than those in control group. Bioflocs were composed with 29.8% CP, 3.2% ...

Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Tahir Amin1, Muhammad Riaz2, Zafar Iqbal3 and Fiaz Hussain

...meters under study had a significant response to the treatments irrigation intervals. Irrigation intervals of 10 days produced more sympodial branches (14) and higher plant height (131cm) as compared to other irrigation intervals. Higher bolls (19 / plant), boll weight (2.9 g), seed cotton (2424 kg ha-1), ginning out turn (GOT, 37%), fiber length (28.1mm), fiber strength (29.5 g per tex) and micronaire value (3.5 µg per inch) were achieved from irrigatio...
Zhen-li Li1,2, Hui-fang Zhou2,*, Bo-ru Zhou2, Bei Liu2, Xiao-fei Jiang2 and Jian-ya Xu2

 

...k, JNK, ERK, and PKA was significantly up-regulated in the BSZYF group compared with that in the mifepristone group (P<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in Nur77 and CAM expression between the blank, mifepristone, and BSZYF groups. BSZYF could regulate abnormal pituitary gonadotropin secretion and GnRHR signaling transduction systems induced by mifepristone.
...
Jian Wang1,*, Zhi Liu2, Sheng Xu2, Mei-Fen Hu2, Xiao-Rui Liu1 and Wen-Jie Cai1
...NA/lgGAPDH. There was no significant difference compared with the normal controls (t=2.8468, P=0.062; t=1.953, P=0.0559). Further observation showed that the levels of CXCL8 and mRNA in neutrophils of the patients with infection were (136.048±15.551) pg/mL and (1.391±0.119) lgcDNA/lgGAPDH, and were significantly higher than those in the cases without infection (t=3.2901, P<...
Bei Liu1, Yanli Hong1, Huifang Zhou1,*, Zhenzhen Cao1, Shuang Zhang1, Jing Jin1, Miao Jiang1, Cunsi Shen2 and Jianjian Ji2
...in Cetrorelix group were significantly decreased, while the expression of GnRHR was significantly increased compared to the blank group (p<0.05). Use of CSF with BSZYD alone showed no significant effect on the secretion of RPC, and the expressions of GnRHR and related hub genes in cAMP-PKA pathway. However, it exerted an effect on the model-treated group. Further, no

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Nosheen Fatima1, Raheel Babar3 and Ikramul Haq4  

...cal analysis showed weak significant association between factors responsible for biodiversity loss and two types of biodiversity since χ2 (3) = 11.338, p = 0.010 and concluded that all factors are not equally responsible for loss in both types of biodiversity. Results showed that biodiversity conservation has its role in agricultural development. By conserving biodiversity, agricultural production can be increased. The results from Exploratory Fa...

Aisha Siddiqua1*, Munir Ahmad1 and Nusrat Habib2 

... are expected to receive significant positive benefits from the adaptation of the combination of strategies. Farmer’s adaptive capacity, farm size, access to credit and sources of information on climate change are significant drivers of adaptation to climate change. 

...

Muhammad Naveed Afzal1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Muhammad Ahmad1, Khuram Mubeen2, Muhammad Ayaz Khan3, Muhamamd Umer Afzal4 and Shakeel Ahmad

...e results indicated that significant PD X N interaction was observed for plant biomass components i.e. the high PD (8.88 plants m-2) with 0-N produced 16.80%, 25.07%, 21.54% and 33.34% and it produced 21.41%, 31.51%, 27.40% and 31.95% higher vegetative, reproductive, total biomass and total fruiting points, respectively with 150-N than its counterpart’s low PD (4.44 plants m-2). The high density planting requires relatively less nitrogen in comparison wi...

Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan 

...nt value 5.434 and found significant which shows that if other variables remove from the model then production of rice will be 5.434 Kg per acre averagely of the respondents. According to analysis Farm Size, Tractor hours, Fertilizers, Number of irrigations, Farmer’s education were found significant at 5% level while , Seed Variety, Pesticides, Farming experience, Number of labors were found non-<...

Najeeb Ullah1, Niamat Ullah Khan2*, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Muhammad Safdar Baloch1, Ejaz Ahmad Khan1, Farkhanda Khan3 and Zaki Ullah

...akistan. Environment had significantly effected its production and fibre. Field research was conducted in 2016 and 2017 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan to assess the impacts of six sowing dates on yield and fibre characteristics of two cotton varieties. The experiments were laid out in RCBD with split-plot replicated thrice. Sowing dates i.e. March 15, April 01, April 15, May 01, May 15, and June 01 were kept in main and cotton varieties...

Sonia1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai1*, Noor Paio Khan2, Abbas Ullah Jan1 and Gulnaz Hameed3 

...tion and seed are highly significant to the wheat yield at 1 percent level of significance. Whereas, contribution of fertilizer to wheat crop in KP province was observed insignificant. Furthermore, the computation of climatic variables depicts that temperature contributes significantly but has inverse association with wheat yield in KP province. This implies that surge in temperature by on...
Ali Murad Rahoo1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2, Barkat Ali Bughio3 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4
...i> medium and small were significantly greater (11.2, 15.2 and 11.4 IJ, respectively) than those of H. bacteriophora (2.8 IJ each per G. mellonella and T. molitor medium and 3 IJ per T. molitor small). Contrarily, there was greater emergence of IJ of H. bacteriophora than S. feltiae in all the treatments. The mean numbers of H. bacteriophora emerging from G. mellonella larvae were 272,600 from T. molit...
Zhi YiJin1, Shao MingQin1,*, Cui Peng2 and Chen Bin1
...enance and vigilance. No significant difference was found in the allocation of time to different behaviors under different ambient temperatures. Foraging behaviors peaked in the morning (10:00–10:59) and afternoon (15:00–17:30), which is like the foraging strategies of most Anseriformes. Mandarin Ducks increased their foraging time in the mornings and afternoons to get maximal energy for the long cold nights. Occurrences of foraging and swimming be...
Kalimullah Khan1,*, Hafsa Zaneb2, Zia Ur Rehman3, Hamza Maris4 and Habib ur Rehman1
...ll intestine were highly significant (P > 0.05) in the treatment groups. This study showed the potency of phytase to enhance the growth performance in broilers and it will lay foundation for future research on poultry feed in Pakistan.
...
Samiah Shahid1,Jawaria Shaheen1, Wajeehah Shahid2, M. Waheed Akhtar1,3 and Saima Sadaf1,*
...elta Cq method showed no significant difference in Cq values of ALL patients and healthy controls suggesting that mir-16-5p is the most stable normalizer for miRNA expression profiling assays in ALL. The results revealed that circulating mir-16-5p may be utilized as a suitable reference gene for normalization and improved quantification of miRNA.
...

 Saira Zaheer1, Abrar Hussain1*, Aqsa Khalil1, Muhammad Mansha1, Muhammad Lateef2

...infections in animals of significant economic importance. Haemonchus contortus, (helminths worm), is highly infectious parasite of small ruminants, and is a major cause of diseases and significant mortality in various cattle, sheep, deer, buffalo and goat, etc. Various synthetic anthelmintics have been used, on wide scale, to control the helminths infections.But the parasite worms have developed multiple resistances a...

Noor ul Ain*, Malik Muhammad Shafi and Haidar Ali* 

...ousehold size was highly significant and had a positive relation with the quantity demanded. The study showed that household size is highly significant for all the selected vegetables, indicated that as the number of member in household increases the quantity demanded of these vegetables also increases and to meet this gap of excess demand advanced technology should be adopted to increase vegetables production. 

...

Rizwan Ullah Shah* and Iqbal Munir 

...supplements in MS medium significantly effective in callus induction and days to callus in cotyledon and for both cotyledon and hypocotyl were observed. For shoot regeneration efficiency and days to shoots, the optimum phytohormone were observed at NAA 0.1 mg/l + BAP 1.0 mg/l along with AgNO3 supplements. The optimum regeneration efficiency of root and days to root initiation was observed with 0.2 mg/l supplement. As cotyldeon and hypocotyl slightly varied in ...

Omer Baris Ince* 

...rence was detected to be significant (p<0.001) in bovine by groups’ vaccine, age and gender. It was significant in sheep varying by groups vaccine-age (p<0.001) 

...

Muhammad Aslam Rajput1,3, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan2, Rehana Naz Syed3 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi3* 

...t disease expression was significantly influenced by pathogen inoculation method. The infection caused by S. scitamineum and subsequent whip smut development has also been greatly varied with the inoculation method. Injection method followed by wound+paste method and dipping method produced maximum disease incidence, highest number of whips, more tillering and less germination. While, other inoculation techniques, including soil infestation and spraying method...

Rehmat Ullah* and Khalid Nawab 

...analysis depicted highly significant negative association between adverse effects of pesticides like headache, dizziness, feeling weak, difficulty in seeing, chest pain, burning sensation, and fever with precautionary measures/Personal Protection Equipment’s recommending that these precautionary measures and PPEs must be adopted to avoid from these health concerns. 

...

Rafiullah1*, Abdur Rahman2, Khalid Khan1, Anwar Ali1, Arifullah Khan2, Abdul Sajid3 and Naimatullah Khan3 

...33.5% for Real-time PCR, significantly different at P<0.05 from Peshawar. Cattle showed 100% more positive results as compared to Buffalo. All the techniques showed highest prevalence of Theileria parva for female population as compared to male population. Age wise prevalence was not significantly different for both the species. Prevalence was high in animals < 1-year age. It was found that PCR is more sensitive and sp...
Liqin Liu, Maoting Wang, Zhenming Lü, Li Gong*, ChangWen Wu, Baoying Guo and Lihua Jiang
...CL2683, CL3494, CL 3674) significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after a Bonferroni correction (P < 0.05), and none of the loci showed linkage disequilibrium. In addition, these loci were cross-amplified in three closelyrelated species. Nineteen, fifteen, and thirteen loci were amplified in Sepia lycidas, Sepia esculenta and Sepiella japonica, respectively. 

 

...
Nasira Khatoon1, Aly Khan2,*, S.S. Shahid3, Z.S. Saify4, M. Arshad Azmi1 and Wali Khan5
...parts and age groups was significant. Most of the patients above the age of 10 were either working in vegetable market or were rag pickers working near garbage bins. The highest infection was recorded on the knees and the lowest on groin. There is need to diagnose dermatoses at early stage by training general practitioners. Scabicides must be applied at bedtime and wash off the next morning and finally if there is a single patient the entire family must be tre...
Ali Raza Jahejo1,2, Nasir Rajput2, Wen-xia Tian1,*, Muhammad Naeem2, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro2, Asmatullah Kaka2, Sheng Niu1 and Fa-jie Jia1
...y group (P>0.05), and significant increase in the absorption of crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), and metabolized energy (ME). However, the values of red blood cells and packed cell volume were non-significant whereas white blood cells, haemoglobin, and new castle disease antibody titer were significantly higher in basil supplementary group. The weight gain and feed conversion ratio...
Fariha Latif* and Muhammad Javed
...hree fish species varied significantly in their sensitivity towards metals mixture with the C. catla beingsignificantly highly sensitive followed by L. rohita and C. mrigala. After the acute toxicity tests, fish were exposed to 2/3rd of their respective 96 h LC50 of metals mixture for 90 days, after which amassing of metals were determined by Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer and ...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1,*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...ion in each category, no significant differences were observed regarding area, moisture, thickness of leaves and fruit length of okra varieties. The leaf area was slightly greater in comparatively resistant varieties. Similarly, fruit was found to be significantly more in case of comparatively resistant varieties as compared to intermediate resistant and comparatively susceptible varieties. It was also observed that fruit an...
Abdul Wahaab1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Syed Saleem Ahmad1, Umair Iqbal2, Abdul Tawaab1 and Iahtasham Khan3
...imals. At the same time, significant decrease was observed in RBCs (red blood cells), Hb (haemoglobin), and HCT (hematocrit) in Fasciola infected animals compared to health animals but no significant difference was observed in MCHC (meancorpuscular hemoglobin concentration) quantity within both animal categories.
...
Hua-Lun Luo, Yi-Yu Zhang*, Yuan-Yu Qin and Lei Wu
...RNA expression level was significantly positive or negative effect on serum total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The g.247075G>A mutation was significantly association with these measured serum biochemical indexes except for LDL-C. Signific...
Ayesha Chaudhary1, Fouzia Mumtaz1, Muhammad Yaseen2* and Muhammad Younis Afzal3 
 
...d of 180 farmers. A significant association was observed between the level of education and awareness of the farmers, which shows that educated farmers had adequate knowledge of climate change.
...
Shahid Yousaf1*, Salman Khurshid1, Saqib Arif1, Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Qurrat ul Ain Akbar1, Najmus Sahar1 and Ghulam Rasul2
...3%). The NIR values were significantly related to the referenced values for test weight, wet gluten content and moisture with the correlation coefficients of 0.96, 0.83 and 0.73, respectively. Three consecutive measurements of test weight, moisture and gluten contents by using NIR and referenced methods shown to have average repeatability of 0.2%, 0.3%, 2.4% and 0.1%, 0.7%, 1.5% respectively. The information is useful for maintaining the quality of wheat inten...
S. Justin Carlus1,*, Atiyeh M Abdallah1,2, Abdulhadi H. Al-Mazroea1, Mazen Khalid Al-Harbi3 and Khalid M Al-Harbi1
...pes and alleles were not significantly different between controls and CHD patients. Further, in CHD individuals, these genotypes failed to show any significant association with DS. However, maternal age increased the risk of CHD in DS (OR=5.32; 95% CIs 1.43-19.82; p=0.013). Mantel-Haenszel analysis showed that MTHFR polymorphisms confounded the effect of maternal age CHD in DS. MTHFR polymorphisms appear...
Sakhra Mahmood1, M. Younus1, A. Aslam1, A.A. Anjum2, S. Umar3, Aamerzish Mushtaq3 and M.L. Sohail4,*
... 6 weeks. Results showed significant reduction in the deleterious effects of AFB1 in each of the tested parameters during the course of the study. During 5th week, all the tested parameters had non-significant differences with the control group and were brought back to normal due to detoxification action of SC in experimental quails. This study reports the success of SC as biological detoxification agent for the q...
Osman Ergene1,*, Isfendiyar Darbaz1, Serkan Sayiner2 and Selim Aslan1
...here was a statistically significant difference (P <0.05, P <0.01) between the measurements on 40th day when EM was detected and on the 28th and 32nd days of pregnancy. In the PAG-Milk and PSPB-serum tests, there was a difference (P <0.05) in terms of blood values between the 32nd day and the 40th day when EM was detected. Statistically significant differences in PAG-Serum test (P <0.001) an...

Sabi-Ur-Rehman1, Anwar Khalid2, Qazi Najam Us Saqib3, Farooq Ahmad1, Shaheed-Ur-Rehman4, Neelam Zaman3, Ayeza Mehmood5 and Abdul Samad6*  

...from leaves did not give significant results against the tested bacterial strains where as it was significantly active against fungal strains. The results were compared to standard drug, Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole which gave 30.0±0.0 mm and 28.0±0.0 mm zone of inhibition respectively. The phytochemical analysis of leaves and roots extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, tan...
Song Jiang, Fa-Lin Zhou, Jian-Hua Huang, Qi-Bin Yang* and Li-Shi Yang
...body weights, which were significantly higher than those of all other groups (P < 0.05), except for Y3 and R3 (P > 0.05). The body weights of the Y2 group were 27.18%, 11.97%, 27.18% and 23.58% higher than the weights of the C, Y1, R1 and R2 groups, respectively. Furthermore, except for that of the R2 group (P > 0.05), the survival rate of the R3 group was significantly higher than that of the C...
Marian Kuczaj1, Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*, Alicja Mizera1, Renata Pilarczyk2, Bogumiła Pilarczyk3 and Patryk Barton1
... calves is statistically significantly (at p ≤ 0.01) affects: the height at the back (˃ 150 cm) and the width in the hips of cows (˃ 63 cm). The Dutch and German fathers’ heifers were significantly smaller than other peers (at p ≤ 0.01). The mother’s weight before birth was significantly influenced by the daily increase in calves at the age of 1 month.
...
Yang Liu1, Jing-xin Mao2, Xiao-dong Wei2, Man Yi2, Xiao-long Zhang2, Ke Zheng3, Xian-xin Chen4, Guo-Ze Wang5 and Bing-bo Chen1,*
...cells, and monocytes was significantly decreased in the lactobacillus BFA group than the control group (P<0.05); neutrophil was reduced in bacillus BFA group than the control group significantly (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, total protein, albumin, and albumin/globulin ratio were increased in lactobacillus BFA group. The total bilirubin decreased significantly (P<0.05) ...
Iqra Bano1,*, Moolchand Malhi2, Pershotam Khatri3, Saeed Ahmed Soomro2, Hira Sajjad4, Ambreen Leghari5, Muhammad Awais2, Safia Kandhro6 and Shakeel Ahmed Lakho5 and Munaza Soomro7
... germinal epithelium was significantly higher in SY as compared to C. Although the diameter of seminiferous tubule and thickness of the basal membrane were not significantly different in both groups. The serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity as well the testicular GPx activity was significantly increased in SY as compared to C. Furthermore, the serum T-SOD activity was

Mohammad Wasiullah Khan1*, Abdur Rab1, Roshan Ali2, Muhammad Sajid1, Faiza Aman1, Imran Khan3, Iqbal Hussain3 and Akhtar Ali3 

...n at various levels were significant for all parameters. Potassium applied at the rate of 120 kg ha-1 increased tuber yield (27.9 ton ha-1), TSS (5.099 °Brix), specific gravity (1.083) and starch content (14.83 %). Yield parameter was being maximum with 150 kg K ha-1. Application of Zn at 10 kg ha-1 maximized tuber yield (26.9 ton ha-1), TSS (4.879 °Brix), specific gravity (1.081) and starch content (14.83%). Most of the parameters were not

Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan, Urooba Pervaiz And Mehmood Iqbal 

...y extension agents. Non- significant association exist between diffusion of improved practices with adoption constraints and best teaching method used, while significant association exist with frequently used contact method. It is recommended that necessary inputs on subsidised rates should be provided to extension agents to make extension services more farmers friendly 

...

Tanweer Ahmed*, Kashif Saeed Khan and Mohammad Naeem 

...gative and statistically significant, which validates stable long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables, with speed of 53 per cent to restore disequilibrium in case of any shock. The regression results reveal that public spending on education, health and road length has a positive influence on agriculture value addition in Pakistan. The study recommends the allocation of greater resources to education, health and transport and communication sectors ...
Tahira Moeen Khan* and Amat ul Mateen
...O nanoparticle show very significant antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains three gram negative (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella) and one gram positive (Clostridium tetani). The minimum concentration of leaf extracts needed against these bacterial strains were also calculated. The present study indicated that Melia azedarach and Morus nigra leaf extracts can be used successfully for nanoparticles synth...
Naveed Ahmad1,*, P.J.A. Siddiqui1, Amjad Ali1, Khan Mir Khan2, Rafaqat Masroor3, Noor ul Akbar4, Muhammad Amin5 and Mohammad Attaullah6
...al, P40 appeared to have significant (P<0.05) influence on the growth performance. The percent weight gain, average daily weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) increased significantly by increasing dietary protein level from P30 to P40 (P < 0.05), and further increases in protein level (P45, P50) reduced growth. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR; 1.80±0.03) was also noted at P40 prote...
Zhen-Yang Wu1, Guang-Xin E2,*, Hui Ran1, Da-Hui Wang1 and Tian-You Yang1
...N. However, there was no significant divergence between populations based on pair-wise differences (FST). Overall, the 10 populations were divided into two subgroups and two D-Loop haplotype clusters. This study showed that the different rice frog populations in Tongren had low genetic diversity and little genetic flow, which has led to substantial differences in genetic divergence between western and eastern populations. These results show t...
Luo Lei1, Xingxing Deng1, Dengyue Yuan2, Zonglin Zheng1, Chengke Zhu1, Hui Luo1, Baohai Li3, Hua Ye1,* and Chaowei Zhou1,3,*
...sion in the hypothalamus significantly decreased 1 and 3 h after feeding (P < 0.01). Furthermore, its expression in the hypothalamus was significantly increased after fasting for 7 days and declined 2 days after refeeding (at 11-day and 14 -day; P < 0.01), suggesting that npy is an orexigenic peptide in gibel carp. In conclusion, these results indicated that npy is a conserved peptide within...

Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2

... and irrigation were the significant variable of increasing cotton production of Bt farmers while pesticides, irrigation and extension services more significant in increasing the Non-Bt cotton farmers production. Age of farmers, educational status, credit access and agriculture extension services access have significantly and positively impacted while the shortage of irrigation negatively ...

Zafrullah Khan* and Shah Alam Khan 

...aves of potato plant and significantly reduces the yield of potato. Antixenosis experiments were performed to assess the resistance potential of eight different potato cultivars against M. persicae under glasshouse conditions for three different durations of time (12, 24 and 48 hours) during spring and autumn potato growing seasons of 2016. Both the experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design. Each experiment having eight treatments and eac...

Aqsa Khan1, Sabyan Faris Honey2*, Babar Bajwa2, Nelofer Jamil1 and Muhammad Sohail Mazhar2

...n for larvae resulted in significantly high percent survival (maximum value) (60± 4.56 and 56± 2.56) and significantly increased larval body weight of codling moth (0.58± 0.04 and 0.42± 0.03 gm). While diet without wheat germ resulted in low percent survival (40 + 5.46) and reduced larval body weight (0.15 + 0.03 gm). Based on the results, it is presumed that codling moth can be successfully reare...
Jesse Butler
...ldviews. While there are significant differences across the diverse ways that humanity has understood itself, the tendency to emphasize differences can obscure important and revealing commonalities between worldviews as well. The goal of this article is to identify one such commonality among indigenous worldviews and their capacity to address our collective ecological well-being together on planet Earth. Specifically, I will argue that contemporary philosopher...

Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2 

...s of study have denoted, significant and positive coefficient of credit has positive impact on the production of cotton in both districts Rahim Yar Khan and Muzaffargarh. Credit can also play a significant role an increasing overall agriculture growth and particularly the cotton production of cotton areas. The lower mean technical efficiency in both study areas is 0.78 and 0.72 indicates cotton is not produced at potential l...

Shafique Ahmed Memon1,6, Arif Ali1*, Mehar-un-Nisa Narejo2, Ghulam Khaliq3, Imran Ali Rajput4, Muhammad Adeel1, Khalil Ahmed Memon5, Dzolkhifli Omar6, Muhammad Rashid7 and Abdul Rasool

...results indicated that a significantly increased pre-imaginal (19.93±0.24) and mean average days (70.33±0.55) of C. nipponensis on R. Maidis and also a significantly increased pre-imaginal (20.84±0.49), (21.22±0.97) and mean average days (74.18±0.33), (68.72±0.30) of P. ramburi and Apertochrysa sp. on the host of R. maidis. Whereas a significantly ...

Khadim Hussain Wagan1*, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano1 and Abdul Ghani Lanjar2 

...etic analysis. There was significant variation (Df= 54, F=7.4, P=0.0000) among cfu per gram of M. phaseolina in soil samples collected during field survey at different districts of Sindh during 2015 and 2016 growing year. In soil sample maximum 41.371 cfu per gram of M. phaseolina with range of 27.00-48.40 were counted from Badin during 2016 followed by 40.2 with range of 27.00-45.20 during 2015 growing season. The plant tissues were carrying more M. phaseolin...

Salman Anwar1, 2*, Farhan Anwar Khan3 and Atta-ur-Rahman4 

...n of KKH. Results show a significant change in land use and development in the agriculture sector after the construction of KKH. However, still, the land use and agriculture sectors need Government attention in land use planning, regulations, improvement of water channels, the introduction of high yielding seeds and farmer awareness. 

...

 Muqader Shah1,*, Hafsa Zaneb2, Saima Masood2, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Salahud Din1, Shakirullah3, Imad Khan2, Ambrina Tariq4 and Habib ur Rehman5

...tional area (MFCSA) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2 compared to all other treatments under HS. Drip losses was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the treatment groups compared to T2. Muscle fascicle diameter (MFSD) and muscle fascicle cross sectional area (MFSCSA) were significantly (P<0.01) lower in T2 and T3 while higher (P<0.01) in all other treatments under HS conditi...
Shehzad Ghayyur1,3, Sadia Tabassum1, Munawar Saleem Ahmad2Naveed Akhtar1 and Muhammad Fiaz Khan1,*
...BCs, Hb and Hct decrease significantly (p < 0.05) indicating an anemic condition, while the WBCs and platelet counts increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all the treated groups compared to the control group. Among the seral biochemical parameters, the level of blood glucose, cortisol and cholesterol were significantly increased (p < 0.05), which is an adaptive response to the str...

Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali1 and Muhammad Zulfiqar2* 

...ch livelihood assets are significant for identifying coping strategies to deal with disasters are important ingredients to increased resilience of communities living in disaster prone areas. This study relies on the data collected using the Community-based Risk Screening Tool – Adaptation and Livelihoods (Cristal) to map major risks and vulnerabilities along with coping strategies then ascertaining their relationship with community-based livelihoods asse...
Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Yasir Iftikhar2, Samina Khalid3, Zahoor Hussain4, Jaime Molina-Ochoa5,6 and John E. Foster6
...esults, abamectin showed significant mortality (63.5%) of CLM larvae when topical bioassay was performed. Similarly, the percent mortality of CLM larvae was 53.8% after application of abamectin, when leaf dip bioassay technique was used. However, among tested botanicals, Azadirachta indica oil showed better results with percent CLM mortality of 35.6%, through topical bioassay and 31.8% through leaf dip bioassay. In the case of A. indica, t...

 Amna Younus1,3, Mariam Faiz2 and Abida Yasmeen1,*

...notypic frequencies were significantly (P<0.001) distributed among women with different tumor grades and ER/PR status. FokI genotypic distribution was significantly associated (P<0.001) with different Her2 status whereas TaqI SNP was not associated with Her2 status. The study concluded that FokI and TaqI SNPs were significantly associated (P<0.001) with...

 Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*

... Raohe River exhibited a significant difference among three stages, possibly due to differences in sexual migration time and mortality. We did not detect significant differences in the sex ratio of the scaly-sided merganser among different group sizes. 

...

 Xu Lijie, Obaid Ullah, Liu Haixing, Ihsan Ali, Zhongshu Li* and Nan-Zhu Fang*

...b>O2 exposure significantly decreased embryo development, increased the intracellular ROS level, and upregulated the expression levels of the NADPH oxidase genes NOX2, DUOX1, and NOXA1. By contrast, embryo treatment with pioglitazone after H2O2 exposure promote embryo development, significantly decreased the ROS level, downregulates the expression levels of NOX2, DUOX1, and NOXA1, and upregul...

 Azam Ali* and Amjad Farooq

...ly. Variety and year had significant (P<0.05) effect on pest populations, eggs count and predator’s populations. It was found that Bt cotton was more resistant to pest attacks than non-Bt. Therefore Bt cotton should be grown to combat pest infestation.

...

Farhana Gul1*, Dawood Jan1 and Muhammad Ashfaq2 

...on strategies could have significant impact to offset climate vulnerabilities in the future 

...

Saqib Bashir* and Bashir Ahmad 

...ing with nitrogen levels significantly increased wheat growth, yield and yield components. In case of green manuring, plots in which pigeon pea crop was incorporated at the age of 90 days showed maximum plant height (103.3 cm), thousand grains weight (45.2 g), biological yield (10199 kg ha-1) and grain yield (3641 kg ha-1) of wheat. The application of nitrogen at the rate of 120 kg N ha-1 significantly increased plant height...

 Jawaria Shaheen1, Samiah Shahid1, Sabahat Shahzadi2, M. Waheed Akhtar1,3 and Saima Sadaf1,*

...of four miRNA panel with significant p-value (p< 0.001), respectively. Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney U test have clearly showed significance and association of miRNA panel with clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer which have revealed their role as diagnostic biomarkers. AUC curve analysis also remarks their high sensitivity and specificity. We have identified panel of four miRNAs which can act as circulating diagnostic and prognostic ...

 Abdul Maalik1, Shahzad Ali1,*, Anam Iftikhar1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Haroon Ahmad2 and Iahtasham Khan1

...evalence of mastitis was significantly (P˂0.05) associated with animal type, urbanicity, age of animal and previous exposure of mastitis. There was no association of the prevalence of bovine subclinical mastitis with breed, teat washing, bedding area and lactating stage. Out of 38 positive milk samples, 13 (34.2%) were positive for Staph. aureus. All isolates of Staph. aureus were resistant for ten different antibiotics. It was concluded that mu...
Saleha Gul1,2, Muhammad Khisroon2, Ajmal Khan2, Attaullah1, Saira Gul3 and Gul Nabi Khan1,4,*
...e of active smokers were significantly increased with other narcotics like charas and snuff (p˂0.05). The passive smokers using snuff were having significantly higher TCS values then the control (p˂0.05). Reduction in TCS values of active smokers using green tea on daily basis were statistically significant (p˂0.05). Taking together, our results indicate that tobacc...

 Şaban Çelebi

...e) and their combination significantly increased Se concentration in all examined tissues of treatment groups when compared to the control group. Supplementation of Vit-E, Se and their combination significantly (P<0.05) decreased the concentration of MDA, but, significantly (P<0.05) incrased GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activities in treatment groups. In conclusion, results indicated that Vit...
Jie Yang
...different tissues. It is significant to make a study of human PGLYRP1 because neutrophils are a more dominant mechanism in human host defense. Related research results show the functions of human PGLYRP1 in the innate immunity of neutrophils is to conducive to the killing of intracellular and extracellular bacteria. Bactericidal activity of human PGLYRP-1, PGLYRP-3, PGLYRP-4, and PGLYRP-3:4 for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria require Zn2+

Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1, Batim Turdam1, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Waziri Ibrahim Anjili2 and Mayowa Olabode2 

... nematodes infection was significantly associated with the body condition of the donkeys with the highest prevalence in those with poor body condition (p=0.03). Of the blood samples collected, 108 (36.0%) were positive for hemoparasites. The hemoparasites identified were Trypanosoma congolense, Trypanosoma vivax, Babesia cabali and Babesia equi. Greater proportions (50.0%) of the hemoparasites were Babesia spp. followed by Trypanosoma spp. (36.1%) and mixed in...

 Asad Sultan1, Rabia Ali1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Sarzamin Khan1, Naila Chand1 and Ambrina Tariq3

...metabolizable energy was significantly enhanced both in red and white sorghum by 5.9 and 4.5%, respectively. From these findings, it can be deduced that phytase is effective in improving the utilization of nutrients of sorghum by broilers at day-21 and also reduces the losses of nutrients into the litter.

...
Fazal Abbas1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Zunaira Akhtar1, Khalid Mehmood2, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder3 and Umair Iqbal4
...ium concentration in ppm significantly increased (P< 0.001) while the calcium, copper and iron concentration in ppm significantly decreased (P< 0.001) in the calves having diarrhea. Copper concentration is related to the packed cell volume as in anemia copper deficiency is a significant feature. It was concluded that neonatal calf diarrhea is much common in calves and diarrhea have a...
Faiz-ul Hassan1,*, Muhammad Sajjad Khan1, Muhammad Saif-ur-Rehman1, Syed Muhammad Raihan Dilshad2 and Muhammad Amjad Ali3
...c breeds had contributed significantly in the development of indigenous horse breeds of Pakistan. One set of primers OPL-7 revealed a polymorphic band at 450 bp which was present in DNA bulk of the indigenous breeds while absent in that of exotic breeds. High similarity coefficients among breeds implied the loss of genetic diversity and emphasized the need for conservation efforts for the Pakistani indigenous horse genetic resources.

...

Ihsan Ullah Khan*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Muhammad Ashraf, Ashiq Saleem, Sundas Awan, Samra Azam and Shamim Ul Sibtain Shah 

...) revealed statistically significant differences. All the crosses out-performed the standard check in terms of seed yield (kg ha-1) with significant differences in this regard. Positive and significantly high mid-parent heterosis was observed in all the hybrids for all the studied traits except DFI, DFC and DM which showed negligibly low impact of heterosis on their expression. Comparative...

 Mahroze Fatima1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3

...ion of feeding trial, no significant differences were found for dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and ash content in fish body. Lipid peroxidation was determined in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzyme activities. The minimum value of TBARS was recorded in VE150 group, which was increased again with supplementation of high vitamin E levels. Similarly, adequate supplementation levels (VE1000, V...
Zhaochao Deng1, Jingchen Chen1, Na Song2, Yongzhen Li3 and Zhiqiang Han1,*
...this region were all non-significant. The pattern of population demography showed a stable model in this species in the South China Sea population. To reveal its population structure within the large-scale geography distribution, we added 169 sequences of the mitochondrial control region already genotyped from northern Australia. The South China Sea and northern Australia groups were successfully distinguished by the NJ tree with signi...
Zhaochao Deng1, Na Song2, Yongzhen Li3, Tianxiang Gao1 and Zhiqiang Han1,*
...ee archipelagos were all significant. The pattern of population demography showed sudden expansion model in lineage A and stable model in lineage B. These results indicated that there might be three different fishery management units of L. olivaceus in the South China Sea. Each of archipelagos should be treated as one independent management unit.
...

Fady Samir1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Manal M. Zaki1, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shaimaa A. E. Nasr1, El Shaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1* 

...sp;disease still being a significant threat to the poultry industry. Bad management for poultry byproducts (e.g. manure) might be a reason for environmental pollution which contaminate the environment either chemically through haphazard usage of medications and or biologically through massive use of homologous/heterologous vaccines especially the live ones. The aim of the current work is to estimate the persistence time for velogenic Newcastle disease virus (N...
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2, Wardah Hassan3, Moazama Batool4, Shakeela Perveen5, Sadia Maalik4 and Sajida Mushtaq4
...n, heart and muscle were significantly (P<0.05) increased compared to control. The superoxide dismutase activity in organs of fish followed the order: liver>brain>kidney>gills>heart>muscle. The mean peroxidase activity in L. rohita followed the pattern: liver>brain>gills>kidney>heart>muscle. The glutathione S-transferse activity followed the order: brain>muscle>liver>gills>kidney>heart. However, catalase a...
Fan Yi1,2, Xiaobin Yang1, Shigen Ye1, Hua Li1 and Ruijun Li1,*
...feeding experiments also significantly boost non-specific immunological function of P. olivaceus compared with continues feeding experiments, HCT application in P. olivaceus farming potentially enhances P. olivaceus resistance against E. tarda infection.
...

Muhammad Adnan Islam1,2*, Muhammad Iqbal2, Zia-ul-Haq2,3, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Shabbir Ahmed Kalwar1, Liaqat Ali Shahid1, Badar Munir Khan Niazi1 and Muzammil Husain1 

...l tillage (T10) produced significantly greater fuel consumption (60.11 l/ha) while lowest fuel consumption was recorded under treatment T3 with disk coulter at speed three (11.83l/ha). 

...

Gulnaz Saleem1, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1*, Nouman Rashid2 and Mehar un Nisa Narejo3 

...study. This study showed significant (P<0.05) variation in physico-chemical characteristics of four lentil varieties. The NIA-Masoor variety showed higher values for ash, fat and fiber (3.02%, 3.02% and 10.99%) respectively. Whereas; PM-09 possessed higher moisture (13.89%); though Masoor-93 was higher in protein content (25.16%) than all other varieties. The supplementation resulted in a significant increase in protein, ...
Zahra Nazir1, Saba Ijaz1, Roquyya Gul2 and Mahjabeen Saleem1,*
...re developed that showed significant impact of independent variables like enzyme concentration, temperature and incubation time on the dependent variables and improved the overall quality of apple juice. Hence, acidic plant polygalacturonase isolated in this study would be useful as a potential candidate for its biotechnological applications in fruit juice clarification.
...

Anum Khursheed1, Malik Muhammad Shafi2 and Haidar Ali2* 

...espondents has increased significantly. About (100%) of the sampled respondents stated that there is increase in livestock productivity after the interventions of AJKRSP. Results also show that AJKRSP has brought positive change that develop livelihood in rural area. Chi-square test results show that there is a significant relationship between monthly income and sources of income from livestock. AJKRSP had conducted training...

Aziz Ur Rahman* and Syed Mehar Ali Shah 

...is of variance indicated significant (p≤0.01) differences among the environments, genotypes and GEI for spikelets panicle-1, grains panicle-1, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Across four locations, AUP-30 showed the highest number of spikelets panicle-1 (242.5), grains panicle-1 (228.6) and maximum 1000-grain weight (29.0 g). Rice RILs AUP-3, AUP-30 and AUP-29 manifested the higher grain yield of 4.3, 4.2 and 4.1 tonnes ha-1 across locations, respectivel...
Rıfat Ertekin1*, Mete Ozkurt1, Gokhan Kus2 and Selda Kabadere1
...tometric tests showed no significant effects on the survival rate of T-98G cells in 24 and 48 h. Therefore, T-98G cells were not analysed by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. When LNCaP cells were exposed to 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μM doses of TA for 24 h, the rates of living cells were determined as 91%, 83%, 82%, 76%, 61% and 49%, respectively. When the same doses were applied for 48 h, the living cell rates were 90%, 83%, 82%, 78%, 52%, and 47%, respectively. ...

Hamid Ali, Muhammad Arshad, Ibad Ullah Jan, Muhammad Zamin*, Junaid Khan, Ikram Ullah and Mushtaq Ali 

...icro nutrients had their significant effects. The best performance was found in the interaction of GA3 and micronutrients for plant height (53,21cm), number of leaves (16.34), length of spike (77.68cm), diameter of spike (7.51cm), floret number (25.27) and length of rachis (16.1cm) at 150 ppm gibberellic acid and 3000 ppm micro nutrients and hence recommended for increasing growth and flowers in tuberose. 

...

Tariq Shah1*, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad3 

...e member respondents are significantly higher than milk yield of the non-member respondents of the model farm services center. The facilitation of farmers through these centers in term of involving private livestock doctors and the provision of livestock inputs on reasonable rates can boost the prosperity in farming community. 

...

Muhammad Nasrullah1*, Liu Chang1, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai2, Asaad Osman Khalid1, Rachel Bayisenge1 and Gulnaz Hameed3 

...ession are statistically significant except farm size and fertilizers used during production. The coefficients of seed are the highest among all variables which can highly affect the productivity of the growers. 

...

Shahid Ali1*, Asim Khan1, Aftab Khan1 and Bakhtawar Riaz

...s except pesticides have significant effect on tomato production. The results showed that a 1% increase in seed rate, labor, tractor hours, urea, DAP and irrigation increases output by 0.81, 0.02, 0.28, 0.14, 0.25 and 0.02 percent, respectively. Mean technical efficiency score was found 95% ranges from 86% to 99%. This means an average farmer can increase tomato output by 4% with available resources and technology. Results of inefficiency effect model indicate...
Abid Hussain1,2, Farida Ahmed3, Shyamali C. Dharmage4, Shafiq ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam5 and Zaigham Abbas1,*
...-40 years age group with significant variation across different age groups (p<0.05). Among sensitized population, allergic rhinitis was most prevalent disease (41.57%) followed by bronchial asthma (25.68%) while allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma at the same time were 3.9% prevalent. This study revealed a huge number of patients with diverse demographics, suffering from allergic diseases and sensitization to different allergens majorly aero allergens in...

Fraza Ijaz1*, Umair Riaz2, Shazia Iqbal3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Muhammad Furqan Ijaz5, Hina Javed1, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Zuhra Mazhar3, Ahmad Hassan Khan6, Hassan Mehmood7 and Ijaz Ahmad8 

...gent fiber (26.56%) gave significant results as compared to control (T1). Results indicated that the combined application of Rhizobium species and Tryptamine performed better by improving growth and yield and quality parameters. It is concluded that precursor-inoculum combination is an effective approach and should be tested in different ecologies. 

...

Muhammad Sohail1*, Asad Sultan2, Said Sajjad Ali Shah3, Muhammad Sajid1 and Adnan Khan4

... among cereal grains was significant (P<0.05) for maize (0.612 and 0.609) followed by wheat (0.571 and 0.565) and sorghum (0.541 and 0.557), respectively. The digestibility coefficient of phosphorus among various cereal types in quails was significant (P<0.05) It was highest for maize (0.572-0.569) followed by sorghum (0.538-0.542) and wheat (0.537-0.541). The maize cultivars were more bioavailable from every aspect wh...
Senol Celik
...of live body weight were significant statistical tools in sophistically describing the studied breed standards for breeding purposes.

 

...
Shengjie Zhou1,2, Pengfei Wang1,2, Chao Zhao1,2, Mingjun Fu3, Jian G. Qin4, Lihua Qiu1, Zhenhua Ma1, 4,* and Maoshang Lin1
...). Nutrition enhancement significantly affected the expression of L-FABP gene, the highest expression was observed in the Algamac 3080 treatment, and lowest expression was observed in the Nannochloropsis treatment. This study provides useful information on the functional mechanism of L-FABP gene in the ontogenetic development of golden pompano.
...
Yuyu Wang, Gangchun Xu*, Zhijuan Nie, Quanjie Li, Nailin Shao and Pao Xu*
...% of the body weight. No significant differences were observed in growth, digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant status between fish reared at two stocking densities (P>0.05). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), cortisol and lysozyme in serum showed no significant differences between the two stocking groups (P>0.05). ...

Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Nisar2 and Muhammad Subhan1 

...ons KP, Pakistan, showed significant variations. 

...

Aliya Ayaz, Gohar Ayub, Maqsood Khan* and Syed Aizaz Ali Shah 

...nd dipping durations had significant effect on the growth and yield of bitter gourd. Gibberellic acid concentration at @ 60 mgL-1 significantly reduced days to emergence and days to first flower, while increased germination percentage, number of fruits plant-1, fruit length, fruit weight, plant height, yield plot-1, total yield and survival percentage. In case of dipping durations, seeds dipped for 18 hours

Asim Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Aftab Khan1 and Raza Ullah2 

...tion show a positive and significant contribution to maize yield. High temperature has deleterious impact on maize productivity. Therefore, policy exertions needs to be concentrated toward impact of climate change on maize productivity. Development of temperature resistant maize verities for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is also a good option. Moreover, awareness among farmers on climate change is required regarding plantation of trees and afforestation 

...

Ayat Ullah* and Ayesha Khan 

...rs. The results revealed significant differences in farmers’ knowledge of chemical, biological and cultural control methods of pest with differences in the frequency of extension-farmers’ contacts. With the increase in extension-farmers’ contacts the farmers’ level of knowledge on chemical, biological and cultural control methods of pest increase and vice versa. The study recommends that the rain-fed farmers need reasonable extension se...

Abdur Rehman1*, Iqbal Javed2, Zhang Nannan3, Muhammad Niamatullah1, Raheel Saqib4 and Allah Bakhsh

...s and to put forward the significant and the specific guidelines. The results showed that the Lang fang city is located between Beijing and Tianjin stands first in the comprehensive level of ranking for the development of agricultural informatisation and remained first in the ranked of index popularisation and application of agricultural informatisation. The Tangshan city ranked first for the infrastructure of agricultural information, the capital city Shijiaz...

Iftikhar Ud Din* and Qamruz Zaman 

...ch data structure highly significant improvement is achieved when we shift modeling approach from classical linear regression (CLRM) to multilevel modeling. The study also discussed an important problem in Multilevel Modeling (MLM) i.e. to find sufficient sample size for accurate estimation purposes. In MLM, apart from the general factors of sample size estimation, the test size, the effect size, SE (standard error) of the effect size and power of the test, ad...

Zahin Anjum1*, Farhat Shehzad1, Amina Rahat1, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Saleem Khan3 

...eat and covered grilling significantly reduced the level of meat contaminants if, practiced with traditional grilling procedures. 

...

Muhammad Shahid1*, Mehmood Shah2, Adiqa Kiani3 and Farhat Parveen4 

...udy reveal statistically significant positive impact of livestock and on labour productivity while the role of Govt. fixed capital and inflation are insignificant. This comprehensive research will support the govt. in formulating policies on livestock to labour productivity of the economy.  

...
Hayat Zada and Ahmad-ur-Rahman Saljoqi*
...folium (2.87) which were significantly lower than all other intercrops including control (Apple sole). Likewise, minimum percent infestation (57.19%) were recorded for the Apple + Trifolium, whilst maximum 85.86% were observed in the Apple sole. Same intercrop was also good impact in curtailing C. pomonella mean moth catch (1.46) through traps and maximum percent parasitism of Ascogaster quadridentata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Hyssopus pal...
Wang Zaigui1,*, Guo Panpan1, Ye Miao1, Sun Linghong1, Zhang Hongfu2 and Liu Chaoliang1,*
...ion ratio (RFC) were not significantly affected with the use of B. subtilis, but the remaining amount of mulberry leaves (RAML) was significantly decreased contrasting to the blank group (P<0.05). (2) In the larval duration of 4th instar silkworm, adding B. subtilis to the feed could significantly increase the AWG and RFC and decrease of RAML (P<0.0...
Wali Khan1,*, Mudassar Iqbal2 and Israr Khan2
... after treatment was not significant (P>0.05). Present study was concluded that albendazole (bendazol) was showing high rate of efficacy for ancylostomiasis and amoebiasis while albendazole (zentel) was most effective for ascariasis and taeniasis. Therefore both of the drugs used are equally contributed in the controlling of intestinal parasitic diseases in children.
...
Iqra Jaffar, Zainab Sehzadi, Muhammad Adeel, Khalid P. Lone and Mehwish Faheem*
...alase activity increased significantly in liver and gills of fish exposed to 10μg/l of DBP. Level of GSH and LPO increased significantly in gills while a non-significant decrease was recorded for GSH and GST in liver. These results showed that exposure to low concentrations of di-n-butyl phthalate are capable of inducing oxidative stress in vital organs of fish that may cause detrimenta...
Abid Hussain Shahzad1, Abdul Sattar1,*, Nasim Ahmad1, Ijaz Ahmad2, Deniz Nak3 and Yavuz Nak3
...The P4 concentration has significant (P<0.05) difference among OVP0 (6.52±0.32), OVP5 (7.75±0.38) and OVP7 (7.58±0.26) on d30 post AI. This difference was non-significant (P > 0.05) on d60 post AI in OVP0 (6.37±0.49), OVP5 (6.75±0.36) and OVP7 (6.80±0.41), respectively. On d30 post AI, pregnancy rate was 39.70, 42.60 and 45.50% in OVP0, OVP5 and OVP7 gro...
Pin Lyu1, Xiangxian Chen2* andQinlong Liu3*
...exercise only groups was significantly different comparing to control group (p<0.05).Combined treatment of exercise and massage therapy showed the best effect in inflammation suppression, skeletal muscle regeneration, control of skeletal muscle fibrosis and muscular tissue re-construction. The skeletal muscular structure and C-reactive protein level could reflect the recovery process after skeletal muscles injury with high sensitivity in groups with ...
Hong Zhang1, Shu-Fen Han2, Jing Wang1, Shao-Kang Wang1, Gui-Ju Sun1 and  Cheng-Kai Zhai1, *
...ccumulation in rats. CWD significantly augmented the relative level of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and suppressed the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) protein expression in rats’ tissues. Compound whole-grain ameliorates diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia by enhancing PPARγ and reducing SREBP-1c in rats. 
...
Bo Zhang1, Changbo Zhu1, Zihao Meng1,4, Baosuo Liu1, Lian Zhong3, Guiju Huang1, Jiaqi Su1, Sigang Fan1 and Dahui Yu1,2,*
Jun Yan Bai*, Shuai Yang, You Zhi Pang, Xiao Hong Wu and Guang Lu Li
...ndex of Korean quail are significantly higher than those of Beijing white quail and China yellow quail (P<0.05). The short end, yolk height, yolk width and yolk weight of Korea quail and China white-feather quail are significantly higher than those of China yellow quail (P<0.05), the yolk index of China yellow quail is far higher than those of Korea quail and Beijing white quail (P<0.05), the protein height of Beiji...
Songhao Zhang1, Yiwen Gong1, Jian Xu1, Mou Hu2, Peng Xu3 and Yanliang Jiang1,2,4,*
...that 2,767 unigenes were significantly differentially expressed, including 1,663 genes up-regulated and 1,806 down-regulated in purse red carp. Moreover, gene pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes was conducted. We proposed the skin color and body shape depended upon at least four pathways including melanin biosynthesis, TGF-beta signaling, Wnt signaling and MAPK signaling pathways. We obtained candidate genes that may affect the morphological...
Muamber Shah1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi1, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Mobashar1, Mubashar Ali Khalique2, Irfan Khattak3, Ambrina Tariq4, Ijaz Ahmad1 and Shabana Naz5,*
...at mean semen volume was significantly (P<0.05) high in Friesian bull. Sperm concentration and motility were significantly (P<0.05) high in Jersey bull while live sperm percentage was significantly (P<0.05) high in Jersey bulls and sperm abnormality was significantly (P<0.05) high in Sahiwal and Friesian-Sahiwal cross. In addition, semen qual...
Hashim Ullah1, Abdur Rahman1, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2 and Ambrina Tariq3, Shabana Naz4,*
... cholesterol content was significantly increased in both the breeds. The dressing percentage and crude protein were higher in Waziribut the fat content was found greater in Mazai. Similarly, females have higher average fat content as compared to males. In conclusion, from the health point of view, the mutton of Waziri breed had better nutritional contents compared to Mazai.
...
Yan-Guo Han1,2, Jun-Hua Ye1, Qin-Tao Zhao1, Yong-Jie Huang2, Kai Li2, Yong-Fu Huang2 and Li Xu1,*
...esponse in T1 group were significantly stronger than that in T2 and C groups. Serum GH levels in T1 group was significantly higher than those in T2 and C groups, and serum PRL levels in T1 group was significantly higher than that in control group. Body weight of offsping rats in T1 group were significantly higher than that in control group at weeks 2 and...

Mehran Ahmad, Syed Attaullah Shah and Shahid Ali* 

...bor and FYM had positive significant effects on tomato yield. Estimated allocative efficiencies of DAP, Nitrate and FYM, were greater than 1, indicating that growers were underutilizing these inputs. This might be due to growers’ lack of knowledge or budget constraint. Nitrophous and chemicals were over utilized as their allocative efficiencies were less than 1. The study recommends that government may provide subsidized inputs and interest free producti...
Junli Sun1,2,3, Lin Bai1 2, Xiaogan Yang1,2, Yangqing Lu1,2, Shengsheng Lu1,2,* and Kehuan Lu1,2,*
...netic embryos, which was significantly higher than Group I with intact oocytes (P<0.05) and Group III with the puncture of zona and plasma membrane and aspiration egg cytoplasm (P<0.05) on the cleavage rate, and was extremely significantly higher than Group III on the blastocyst rate (P<0.001). Raman spectroscopy of the spent culture media of these parthenogenetic embryos revealed that there were obvious reduced in ...

Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed 

....20, P < 0.001) had a significant effect on the mortality of mealybug nymphs. The most effective novel chemistry insecticides against D. mangiferae mealybugs were sulfoxaflor, spirotetramat, thiamethoxam and pyriproxyfen with mean mortality and LT50 values of 64.00±3.50% and 31.67 h, 62.67±2.64% and 34.42 h, 53.01±4.10% and 45.84 h, and 51.00±3.97% and 48.10 h, respectively. Based on these results, the above mentioned novel chemi...

Imdad Ali Mahmood1, Muhammad Imran2, Muhammad Sarwar1, Matiullah Khan1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2, Shoaib Ahmed1 and Shahid Riaz Malik

...nt tissues and grains. A significant increase in pods per peduncle, seeds per pod, grain yield and total biomass of lentil was observed with Zn application even at lower rate (5 kg ha-1) under PGPR inoculation. Maximum 100-seed weight (2.56 g) was recorded with PGPR inoculation which was 21 % higher than that of without PGPR inoculation. Overall, a significant increase (31 %) in grain yield and total biomass was observed due...
Xiaohui Yu, Shuai He, Liqiang Wang, Mengyang Kang, Yanjiao Zhu, Shuhui Wang and Xiuzhu Sun*
...ed indices of sperm were significantly improved under concentrations of Vitamin C (400 mg/L) and Vitamin E (600 mg/L) (P < 0.05). Moreover, physiological indices of donkey semen were significantly higher than the control groups (P < 0.05) when Vitamin C (200 mg/L) and Vitamin E (200 mg/L) were present simultaneitily in the medium. Overall, the results suggested both antioxidants (Vitamin C and Vitamin E) ...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Nazish Mazhar Ali2, Najma Arshad3, Riffat Iqbal1 and Zain-ul-Abideen1
...er: KY698020). It showed significantly reduced biofilm formation (52%; p<0.05) by test tube method compared to liquid interface coverslip assay (35%) and congo red assay. D. vulgaris was treated with various concentrations (5, 40, 80 and 100µM) of salicylidene acylhydrazide and 5-15 µM of proteases (proteinase K, trypsin, and chymotrypsin). Concentration dependent decrease was observed after 72 hours in biofilm formation of D. vulgaris...

Muhammad Yasin1, Romana Shahzadi1, Muhammad Riaz2, Mahideen Afridi2, Wajya Ajmal3, Obaid Ur Rehman2, Nazia Rehman3, Ghulam Muhammad Ali1,3, Muhammad Ramzan Khan1,2,3* 

...phological data revealed significant difference between pod wall thicknesses, seeds per pod and pod length between the two cultivars. PCR amplification and sequencing revealed that two products namely BnSHP1-like and BnSHP2-like could be identified. The sequence analysis of BnSHP1-like and BnSHP2-like demonstrated that these genes are 747 bp and 735 bp in size, respectively. The nucleotide alignments revealed 98% identity of BnSHP1-like and BnSHP2-like with Bn...
Fazal Wahab1, Naila Chand1, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Nazir Ahmad1, Urooba Parvez2, Zia ur Rehman3 and Shabana Naz4,*
... that FS supplementation significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed intake (g/hen/day) at all recorded stages. Overall higher feed intake was noted for the control treatment while lower feed intake was noticed for treatment FS-1. Significantly higher (P<0.05) egg production was recorded for treatment FS-0.5 followed by treatment FS-0.75 while lower egg production was recorded for the control and FS-1 treatments. Egg quality...
Huma Naz1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq3, Laiba Shafique4, Ghazala Nazeer5
...t END+CPF mixture caused significant damage to nuclei (22.58±5.37%) and GDI (0.73±0.15%) in RBCs of fish as compare to control. Aduration-specific damage to DNA was observed in RBCs of C. catla.
...

Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2 and Abdul Saboor3 

... in regional markets has significantly affecting total value product of the hydroponics. Return to scale value of 1.77 indicated that the product function is positive and increasing return to scale in TVP in relation to increase in input cost. The value of (DRC<1) indicated that Pakistan has comparative advantage in the efficiently utilizing domestic resources in the production of hydroponics products. 

...
Muhammad Naveed Sheas1, Haris Rasool2, Muhammad Nouman Rafique2, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq1*, Abid Muhammad1, Khubaib Ali1
...ere performed that shows significantly high levels in the blood than the group that was treated with nicotine and shows a positive correlation with the days at which the rat’s groups were given a supplemented feed. Total antioxidant capacity and antioxidative stress shows significant results by the selected treatment. 
...
Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1, Muhammad Akram Qazi2, Shaukat Ali1*
...lected. We had found non-significant difference in frequency of nucleotides in COI within the members of species and within families (thymine 41.30-44.30%, adenine 24.96-27.19%, guanine 17.18-19.48% and cytosine 12.28-13.40% while GC 29.53-32.84%). Therefore, it was concluded that variation in nucleotide frequency distribution could not to bee used as a criterion for species delimitation in spiders.
...
Rana Waqas Arshad1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Raheela Akhtar1,*
.../body weight ratios were significantly greater in live vector vaccine group than other vaccinal groups. ELISA revealed high antibody titre in live vector vaccine group and a partial protection was observed in birds vaccinated with immune complex or intermediate plus vaccines. Consistently, histopathological lesions of IBD were less evident in live vector vaccine group in comparison to other groups. In addition live vector vaccine improved the feed conversion r...

Amjad Ali1*, Wiqar Ahmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Motasim Billah1 

...3 and 0.45 mg kg-1) were significantly higher by 7, 238, 45 and 55% while their content in Rhizogold treatment (2.07, 0.24, 1.05 and 0.40 mg kg-1) showed a significant increase (by 33, 24 and 38%) only in Zn, Mn and Cu over the control (2.02, 0.18, 0.85 and 0.29 mg kg-1, respectively ) In interaction, Bizote-N was significantly higher in OM content at the < 2 mm biochar particles size,...

Shumaila Sadiq1,2*, Abdul Saboor2, Fouzia Jamshaid3, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin2 and Azeem Khalid

...logical impacts that has significantly affected their livelihood. This study predominantly targeted farming community to determine farmers’ climate change vulnerability index among 9 agro-climatic zones of Pakistan by using data sets from PMD (1981-2010) and HIES (2010-11). Findings revealed that farmers in KPK and Balochistan were the most while farmers in Mixed Punjab and Cotton-Wheat Sindh were the least vulnerable to climate change. In depth analysis...

Asad Ullah Khan1, Wiqar Ahmad1*, Amir Raza2, Farmanullah Khan3 and Muhammad Sharif3 

...he genotype FS-99 showed significantly (p<0.01) higher plant height, chlorophyll content, root length, biological yield, grain N, K and Zn uptake, straw N and P accumulation compared to the rest. For root N, Pirsabak 2015 was similar to FS-99 (7.2, 7.1 mg pot-1) whilst being significantly higher over the rest. Some other genotypes were superior for specific attributes like Batoor-2007 for grain P and Straw Zn, NRL-0320 fo...

Muhammad Affan Khan* and Abdur Rab 

... spacing interaction was significant for seed weight per pod only. In conclusion, 40 cm plant spacing can be recommended for optimum seed production in okra. 

...
Tariq Mukhtar1,* and Muhammad Arshad Hussain2 
...javanica resulted in significant reductions in growth variables and increases in nematode infestations of both the cultivars over their controls. With an increase in inoculum level, the magnitudes of reductions in shoot weight, root and shoot lengths and increase in root weight also increased and were found to be positively correlated with the inoculum levels. Likewise, the numbers of galls and egg masses also showed positive correlations with the inoculum...
Uzma Jabeen1, Irfan Khan2, Nadia Naeem2, Asmat Salim2,* and Waseem Ahmed1
...1 genes were upregulated significantly in heart but not in liver tissue. Gpx1 seems to be unaffected both in heart and liver tissues. It is concluded from this study that toxicity due to doxorubicin is variable in terms of expression of certain oxidative stress induced genes and is tissue dependent. These genes therefore can be a potential target for future treatment of cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin.
...
Zeynep Soyer Sarıca1*, Meryem Eren2 and Meryem Senturk2
...to the control groups, a significant increase in the brain tissue MDA level of the group which received only 10 mg/kg K2Cr2O7 was observed, whereas no statistically significant change was detected in SOD, CAT and GSH-Px enzyme activities. It was further observed that after administration of Boron at 5 and 10 mg/kg the lipid peroxidation in brain tissue of K2Cr2O7

Zafar Abbas1*, Muhammad Mubashir1, Umair Riaz1, Zeenat Javid1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Saeed ur Rehman1, Muhammad Javid Qamar1, Syed Ali Zulqadar1 and Shahzada Munawar Mehdi2 

...total yield increase. No significant increase was observed in the yield and growth of okra under control and full NPK fertilizer treatment. Application of organic fertilizers like poultry manure and compost as well as its mixture with full NPK considerably increase the growth and total yield attributes of Okra. On the other hand, in contrast to all other treatments, the joint use of 50% NPK+50% PM exhibits the most significant

Sadaf Rahim and Mudassar Iqbal* 

...ium castaneum it reduced significantly from 1849.69 μg mL-1 after 3 hours to 677.21 μg mL-1 after 24 hours. From the results it is concluded that T. harzianum grown on PDB produced potent secondary metabolites that could be used for the development of target specific insecticides against Diuraphis noxia and Tribolium castaneum. Further studied towards the isolation and structural elucidation of lead compounds is recommended for the development of local a...

Umar Hayat1*, Tariq Shah1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad

...onal credit is playing a significant role in achieving agricultural growth in the country. The other variables of the model like agro-based industries, livestock, mechanised inputs and agricultural exports have shown a positive impact on agricultural growth and ultimately on the overall GDP growth of the economy. The government needs to allocate more funds for institutional credit, encourage agro-based industries, use of updated technology in the agriculture s...

Munazza Yousra1*, Sair Sarwar1, Muhammad Mahmood Ul Hassan1, Muhammad Zameer khan1, Abdul khaliq2, Shahbaz Ahmad1 and Shamim Ul Sibtain Shah3 

...Zn uptake was also shown significant increase over control at the Zn rate applied @ 8 mg kg-1 with ZnSO4.H2O (3.97) and Zn-EDTA (5.03 mg plant-1) source in both varieties. The results indicated that Zn-EDTA is the most effective source of Zn as compared to ZnSO4.7H2O to meet plant requirements. 

...

Hakim Shah1*, Noor Jehan2, S. Shafiqur Rehman1 and Syed Said Badshah Bukhari

...ed that KFD and KaFD had significantly different climate regimes of temperature and precipitation. Mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures and mean annual temperature at the two Forest Divisions during 1965-2015 significantly increased, while mean annual precipitation significantly increased in KaFD, but non-significantly decreased in KFD. Mean valu...

Ammara Saeed* and Noor-ul-Amin 

...assium at 40 kg ha-1, it significantly improved studied variables, such as early days to sprouting (11.5 days), days to flowering (35.0 days), maximum number of branches plant-1 (11.4), number of leaves branch-1 (19.0), flower stalk length (44.7 cm), flower diameter (7.7 cm), number of flower plant-1 (12.2), flower persistence (11.6 days) and survival percentage (96.8 %). Results further showed that all the study attributes were recorded ...
Gulzhan Аubakirova1,*, Zhanat Adilbekov2, Assylkhan Inirbayev2 and Tanatar Dzhamanbayev1
...-sized lakes can produce significantly more fish with better quality if regulated and properly managed intensive-type lake farms are created.
...
Tian-Yi Zhao1, Zi-Qing Liu2, Bo Yang1, Qiao Gao1, Hong-Yu Zhang1, Pei-Yu He1, Ming-Hua Duan1* and Yu-Li Yan1*
...er of erythrocytes and a significant increase in hemoglobin content (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, 5-Fu group showed a significant decreased in the number of CD71/Ter119-labeled erythrocytes (P < 0.001) and CD4/CD8-labeled T cells (P < 0.001) in peripheral blood and the spleen of mice, which was restored significantly in the number of CD71/Ter119...
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1*, Nisar Ahmad1, Azhar Rasul1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Muhammad Latif3, Muhammad Zubair Ul Hassan Arsalan1, Muhammad Umair1  and Hafiza Hina Shafqat1
...p> of nano Cr which were significantly different from fish fed with control and other test diets. It was concluded that the supplementation of Nano-Cr particles at the rate of 2 mg kg-1 is the best one to improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility and hematological parameters of C. catla fingerlings fed sunflower meal based diets.
...
Aly Khan1,*, Khalil A. Khanzada1 and S. Shahid Shaukat2
...on, the density differed significantly among the localities.
...
Arif Jan*, Abdul Rab, Haroon, Rooh Ullah, Tauheed Ullah and Ikram Ullah
...ll the values are highly significant showing strong correlation. The GSI values ranged from 2 to 13.5. Highest value was observed in the month of March while lowest value is recorded in the month of April and October. Females to males ratio was found to be 1.04 (P>0.05). The study provides basic information about the reproductive potential and behavior of S. plagiostomus which will be handy towards its culture.
...
Qudrat Ullah1,8,*, Huma Jamil1, Laeeq Akbar Lodhi1, Zafar Iqbal Qureshi1, Shakeeb Ullah1, Tariq Jamil2, Iahtasham Khan3, Shahbaz Bashir4, Qudratullah5, Inamullah Wazir6M. Abdus Sallam1 and Muhammad Zubair7
...isorders was found to be significantly associated (P=0.0056) with seropositivity of the infection. Age, sex, parity, lactation and pregnancy status of the animal were not found significantly associated. Routine herd screening, consumtion of pasteurized milk and public awareness programmes would be helpful for control and prevention of zoonotic transmission.
...
Zil-e-Huma1, 2, Abdul Malik Tareen3, Kaleem Ullah3, Tauseef M Asmat4,Abdul Samad4Asim Iqbal2, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa3*,Irshad Ahmad5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman6
...ars of age were affected significantly. However, gender had no significant effect on acquiring diarrhea. In conclusion, pathogen spectrum of pathogenic E. coli is EAEC strain. Children under one year of age were affected significantly, and no significant effect was observed when data was stratified on gender base. Further studies are required to i...
 

Aftab Shaukat1,*, Khalid Medmood3, Irfan Shaukat2, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem1,5, Ashar Mehfooz1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Zia-ud-Din Sindhu1, Shahid Ali Rajput4, Mubashar Hassan1,4, Saqib Umar1, Muhammad Ali Jamil1, Rao Zahid Abbas1 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi1

 

...p>=25.79, P value=0.001) significantly influenced the incidence of disease in the cattle of district Faisalabad. A. marginale induced statistically significant reduction was observed in RBC count, Hb, MCV, PCV and MCHC in infected cattle compared to healthy animals (P<0.05). Anaplasmosis infected animals more effectively treated with combination of Oxytetracycline (22mg/kg, I/V, once/day for 5 days) and Imid...

Masooma Munir1,2*, Abdul Ahad3, Asra Gull1, Aqsa Qayyum2, Nouman Rashid Siddique2, Amer Mumtaz2, Naeem Safdar2, Barkat Ali2, Muhammad Nadeem1 and Tahir Mahmood Qureshi

...d ash contents increased significantly (p < 0.05) among the treatments. Total sugars ranged from 64.77% to 67.29%. Reducing sugars were high than non-reducing sugars. It has been concluded that the addition of spinach has positive effect on acceptability and nutritional value of bars. 

...

Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Gul Bahar Khaskheli2, Allah Jurio Khaskheli3, Arshad Ali Khaskheli4, Abdul Samad Magsi5, Ghulam Shabir Barham2, Arab Khan Lund5 and Maqbool Ahmed Jamali4 

...hus nummularia possessed significantly high concentration of crude protein. Further the Prosopis juliflora against Zea mays, in Acacia nilotica versus Alhagi maurorum, in Tamarix orientalis versus Trifolium alexandrinum, Tamarix gallica versus Cordia sinensis (Linn.) crude protein content existed statistically non-significant, but each of above set varied significantly to one another. Trif...
Khansa Nazir1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Humayun Javed2
...mortality was also found significant. With the increase in time, there was a corresponding increase in mortality and the relationship was found to be directly proportional. Similarly, the maximum hatching inhibition of M. incognita eggs was recorded at a concentration of 100 mg/ml of nanoparticles followed by 75 mg/ml of AgNP. The minimum inhibition was recorded with 25 mg/ml of AgNP. It was found that with the an increase in concentration, there...
Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Moez Ayadi1 and Abdullah H. Alyemni2
...to 90 days. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of treatments on the colostrum composition but milk composition altered by the time interval. Blood metabolites did not vary among the groups, however, urea concentration was significantly (P<0.05) in the T1 and T2 groups. In conclusion, feeding Najdi ewes a diet containing higher energy and protein than recommended by National Research Council (1985), in comparison ...
Mujahid Niaz Akhtar* and Amjad Farooq
...infestation depicted non-significant negative correlation with rainfall and evening relative humidity while negative significant with minimum temperature. Linear regression equation is used to predict bollworm population to minimize economic losses. 
...
Suhu Duan, Liuan Li*, Zaiqiang Li, Mengran Qin, Zhenzhen Fan, Keyan Zhang, Qian Wang, Zhongmou Zhang, Bailiang Yang
...ids (PUFA). There are no significant differences in content of total fatty acid (FA), SFA, MUFA, PUFA, ω-6 PUFA, and ω-3 PUFA among the three types of eggs (P>0.05). The content of C14:1 fatty acid in yolk of Brand A black-bone chicken eggs is significantly higher than that in Brand B black-bone chicken eggs (P<0.05). The contents of C16:1 fatty acid in yolk of ordinary chicken eggs and Brand ...
Naimat Ullah1, Sarzamin Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3, Shahbaz Javaid4*, Tarique Tonio1 and Asif Mahmood5
...s as well as weight gain significantly (P>0.05) among different treatments. Body conditions score was recorded significantly higher (P<0.05) in fat supplemented groups B (3.65) and C (3.78) as compared to group A (3.09). A significant increase (P<0.05) was observed in motility percentage, progressive motility percentage and semen concentration (million/ml) of group B and C. Treatm...
Emre Barlas1 and Elif Yamaç2,*
...or the area. There was a significant preference for caves which were situated at lower altitude, far from paved road and close to water source. Bats were mostly found in longer caves. Caves with entrance oriented to northwest and southeast were preferred by bats. Undertaking effective conservation measures to maintain especially eight threatened bat species which were found in the region should be a priority for conservation management plans.
...
Jae-Kang Lee, Hyun-Su Hwang, Tae-Kyung Eom and Shin-Jae Rhim*
...ees ha-1 were significantly different between the pre- and post-thinning sessions. Mean density of Apodemus agrarius, A. peninsulae, and Myodes regulus were significantly different between sessions. Monthly captured adults and juveniles of A. agrarius and A. peninsulae were significantly higher in the post- than in the pre-thinning session. Pop...
Ali Mujtab Shah1,2,3, Muhammad Naeem2, Muhammad Giasuddin Shah2, Muhammad Haaroon2, Quanhui Peng1 and Zhisheng Wang1,*
...nd body weight gain were significantly (p < 0.05) different among the groups, the greater levels were observed in ST (15.74±0.29 mg/ml) as compared to NF (11.52±0.72 mg/ml) and NS (10.36±0.36 mg/ml) during the experiment period. Whereas; withers height, heart girth and body length were found non-significant (p > 0.05) among the groups. The morbidity rate of calves fed different levels of colostrum ...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar, Muhammad Imran Hamid, Mubashar Raza, Waqas Raza*, Misbah Iqbal Qamar 

...um in dual culture assay significantly higher by T. harzianum HK as compared to all other isolates. Furthermore, pot experiments conducted with carbon rich compost inoculated with Trichoderma strains with pathogens inoculums provided most effective control as compared with nitrogen rich compost and nutrient enriched compost. These results suggested the potential of Trichoderma spp. for affective control of plant pathogens by considering the growth, environment...
Constance Obiageli Ejilibe1, Helen O. Nwamba2, Ifeanyi Chinedu Atama3,*, Chiamaka Lynda Ani2, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie3, Josephine C. Madu3 and Christopher Didigwu Nwani3
...T, AST and ALP increased significantly in response to concentrations of Butaforce® (7.00, 9.00 and 11.00 µgL-1) and Termex® (15.00, 20.00 and 25.00 µgL-1) used. The TP decreased in response to the same concentrations of pesticides. The response of these biochemical parameters were dependent on concentration of the pesticides; it increased as concentration of pesticides was increased. This study sh...

Rashid Iqbal1,2, Mathias Neumann Andersen1*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza2, Muhammad Adil Rashid1 and Salman Ahmad2 

...ond half. PRD irrigation significantly improved WUE (both photosynthetic and intrinsic) and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco than FI and DI. Higher Abscisic acid (ABA) production under PRD reduced stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis and transpiration rate. Magnitude of osmotic adjustment (i.e. leaf water, osmotic and tugor potential) was lowest and highest under FI, DI and PRD, respectively. However, PRD had lower shoot biomass and grain ...

Zubaria Malik, Zahir Shah* and Muhammad Tariq 

...res density in soil were significantly (P<0.05) affected by cropping systems in any year. The average AMF spores in soil ranged from 45.1 to 39.8 per 20 g soil in wheat phase and 41.2 to 37.0 per 20 g soil in maize phase suggesting no considerable variation with season. However, the root colonization of AMF in maize (42.7-26.0 %) was considerably greater than that in wheat (14.5-14.9 %). Biochar treatment significantly in...
Muhammad Tariq Adnan Khan*, Tariq Mukhtar and Muhammad Saeed
...rinjal Jamak. Similarly, significant effects of M. javanica were observed on growth parameters of these cultivars. The reductions in moderately resistant cultivar were significantly lower as compared to the moderately susceptible and susceptible cultivars. The maximum reductions in shoot and root lengths and shoot weight were recorded in case of Round Black followed by Global Brinjal PPL. On the other hand, the minimu...
Zakirullah1, Hamayun Khan1, Ali Gohar2, Haq Amanullah1,*, Muhammad Younas1, Muhammad Tarique Tunio3, Muhammad Saleem Khan4, Ibrar Muhammad Khan1 and Noushad Khan5 
...lity of spermatozoa were significantly higher in 1.5 mM and 1.0 mM L-cysteine supplemented groups in comparison with 0.5 mM or 0 mM. The number of supra-vital hypo-osmotic swelling test positive spermatozoa at 1.5 mM and 1.0 mM was greater in comparison with lower concentration of 0.5 or 0 mM L-cysteine. Furthermore, significant improvement for acrosomal integrity was recorded in semen samples treated with 1.5 mM L-cysteine ...
Xiaopeng Tang1,2, Rejun Fang3,4,*, Guochang Pan1,2 and Kangning Xiong1,2,*
... Ω.cm2) significantly; (iii) EGF inhibited (P < 0.05) the phosphate diffusion across intestinal mucosa significantly. According to the results, the Ussing chamber system can use to evaluate phosphate diffusion across intestinal mucosa, and EGF may inhibit the absorption of phosphorus.
...
Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1,2,*
...plementation resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increase of RBCs, hematocrit, WBCs and plasma total protein values in addition to significant hypoglycemia compared to control. The quality of oocytes and reproductive performances were improved due to N. sativa oil supplementation. N. sativa oil rescued the depression in oocytes number and quality after ovarian transplantation. N. sativa oil could not i...
Kun Wang1,2, Yinglin Cui2, Xu Zhao2 and Changjiang Hu1*
...up treated with XN had a significantly reduced number of dead neurons in hippocampus and cortical regions of ICH rats. Furthermore, this treatment significantly increased protein expression of claudin-5, ZO-1 and VE-cadherin while protein expression of DNMT3b and MMP-9 were significantly inhibited. Finally, microRNA-29b level were also lower than the Model group. Our data suggests that XN ...
Qihang Liu1,2, Yueli Jiang1, Jin Miao1, Zhongjun Gong1, Tong Li1, Yun Duan1 and Yuqing Wu1*
...>The locusts are causing significant damage to crops, around the globe. To avoid ecological pollution caused by the use of pesticides to control locusts, alternative methods such as photo-induced traps are elusive. In this report we investigated locusts visual sensitivity to different spectral lights after orange light stimulation. Results showed that after 10, 20, and 40 min of 1000 lx post-orange light stimulation, locusts visual response intensity was stimu...
Muhammad Saeed1,2,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Malik Abdul Rehman3
...ode populations differed significantly at both the soil depths. The populations were significantly higher at a depth of 30 cm as compared to 45 cm throughout the year at both the orchards. Similarly, females per gram of roots also followed the same pattern. The number of nematodes in the soil and females in the roots were the higher during the months of April to June and August-September showing two peaks throughout the year...
Qiuxia Lei1, 2, Haixia Han1, 2, Jinbo Gao1, 2, Yan Zhou1, 2, Wei Liu1, 2, Chunlei Wang3, Jie Liu1, 2, Dingguo Cao1, 2, Huimin Li1 , Baohua Huang1,* and Fuwei Li1, 2, *  
...showed that there was no significant difference in H2S, CO2 and NH3 between the three groups (p>0.05), the same results showed that N, P, K, organic matter and ammonium nitrogen had no significant difference(p>0.05). These results suggested that the inoculation with Bacillus genus bacteria improved the microbial proliferation and shortened the time that the substrat...

Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo1*, Ikenna Onyema Ezeh2, Chinelo Nnenna Uju3 and Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze1 

...day 13 PS, there were no significant (p< 0.05) variations in mean parasitaemia of groups A, B and D. At day 16 PS, the parasites had cleared from the peripheral blood of rats in groups A and B, but remained detectable in group D. Although group D had significantly higher total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration compared to groups A--C, and E, no significant variation was se...

Obaidul Islam*, Shameema Khatun and Mustasim Famous 

...linical diseases was not significant (P>0.05). In case of parasitic diseases, the highest prevalence was observed in DVH (34.61%) and lowest in CVASU (28.57%). The prevalence of nutritional diseases was lower than in other clinical conditions. The highest prevalence of diseases according to age, breed and sex was observed in younger (<1 year), Local breed and male respectively. Keeping in view these findings, an appropriate control strategy could be desi...

Zeshan Siraj1*, Amjad Farooq1 and Zahid Mehmood2 

...sids infestation was non-significantly correlated with temperature, relative humidity and average rainfall in all consecutive years 2011-2013. Data revealed that jassids population had a positive non-significant correlation with minimum temperature and minimum relative humidity in 2011 and 2013. A positive association of jassids with maximum temperature was observed in 2012-2013 whereas it was negatively correlated in 2011. ...

Durr-e-Nayab*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil, Fida Mohammad and Shad Khan Khalil 

...the two environments was significant for spikes plant-1, spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, spike density, 1000-grain weight and grain yield plant-1. Line × tester interaction effect was also highly significant for all traits under both normal as well as late plantings. There was general reduction in mean performance of genotypes for important yield component traits due to late planting but the magnitude of reduction v...

Haidar Ali1, Malik Muhammad Shafi1*, Himayatullah Khan1 and Hamra Haidar

... showed that there was a significant difference in the off-farm employment among various sizes of farms. Sampled farm households who were operating farm size up to 1 acre (74.88 hours/week) were performing more off-farm employment followed by farm size more than one (1) but less than or equal to two (2) acres land (59.32 hours/week), more than two (2) acres but less than or equal to three (3) acres land (41.86 hours/week), more than three (3) acres but less th...
Sikander Ali1, Muhammad Kamil Malik1, Muhammad Zubair1*, Muhammad Jawad Saleem2, Kanwal Hanif2 and Saira Azmat3
...ee insecticides were not significantly different from each other but were different from thiamethoxam which showed least mortality (71.65%). Nitenpyram, carbosulfan and pyriproxyfen can be included in integrated pest management strategies to control mustard aphid as alternatives to each other with the aim of evasion from development of resistance against these insecticides in mustard aphid.
...
Adel E.M. Mahmoud1, AdamCieślak2, Paulina Szulc2, Anna Łukomska3 and Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel2,*
...centage in rations, with significant differences in D2, D3 and D4. Content of NDF was significantly higher in all experimental groups when compared with control group, whereas non-fibrous carbohydrates content decreased in all groups as the effect of corn grains replacement by dried sugar beet pulp. Complete substitution of yellow corn by sugar dried beet pulp in D4 significantly increased...
Nouf Alharbi*, Mai Elobeid and Promy Virk
...ow dose of quercetin was significantly (p≤0.05) more effective than the high dose. Low dose was more efficacious in reducing Cd accumulation in the tissues, reversing the effects of Cd toxicity on blood profile, and on the CAT and SOD activity in the liver and decreased the MDA levels in both serum and liver. Thus, the key findings suggest a profound antioxidative potential of the low dose of querectin, which could be a prospective approach in the treatment...

Rizwan Ahmad and Muhammad Zulfiqar* 

...rmers are positively and significantly, except education, associated with perception regarding climate change. However, size of HH, farming types and area under cultivation are negatively associated. Whereas association is insignificant in respect of farming types and area under cultivation. Regarding farmers’ adaptation, results show that the coefficient of age of farmers and farming experience are positive and

Sanaullah and Urooba Pervaiz* 

...that in maize there is a significant decrease for seed rate (-11.6743 kg/acre) and irrigation interval (-16.03 days) after training, while significant increase in mean difference was recorded for row-to-row distance (38.7 cm), plant-to-plant distance (8.22 cm), use of pesticide (0.2108), yield (237.46 kg/acre) and income (Rs 50783.08) after training. Mean value obtained for wheat yield was 325 kg/acre after extension trainin...

Zara Ahmad1*, Fazli Rabbi2, Muhammad Zamin3, Bushra Kiran2, Tariq Shah2 and Shahzad Kouser4 

...lts show that there is a significant difference between the on-season and off-season application of pesticides to bitter guard crop. The results clearly reveal that bitter guards’ yield is significantly higher in the off-season than on-season. It was also found that off-season bitter guard fetches 66% higher price in the market than on-season bitter guard. The analysis also revealed that the cost of pesticides is 43% h...

Muhammad Waqas, Shahid Ali*, Syed Attaullah Shah and Ghaffar Ali 

...tively and statistically significant. Long and short run elasticities due to chick pea price were - 0.19 and - 0.15, respectively and statistically significant. Long and short run elasticities in response to area under unirrigated wheat were 1.10 and 1.79, respectively and statistically insignificant. Elasticity of unirrigated wheat production in response to minimum temperature was 0.764 i...

Muhammad Ashfaq* and Inayatullah Jan 

... climatic variables have significant effects on maize productivity in the short-run as well as in the long-run in all the climatic regions of KP.  

...

Mehwish Kiran1, Muhammad Saleem Jilani1, Kashif Waseem1*, Muhammad Sohail Khan1, Fazal Haq2, Muhammad Amjad Nadim3, Ghazanfar Ullah3 and Salma Shaheen

...analysed. Results showed significant improvement in almost all studied parameters with the application of NPK and different organic manures. Highest mean data for all the parameters studied were recorded in NPK + PM, as maximum leaves’ count (21.67 and 22.33 plant-1), leaf length (32.20 and 38.33 cm), leaves weight (66.00 and 63.67 g plant-1), root length (29.87 and 29.37 cm), root diameter (4.01 and 3.83 cm), root weight (285.00 and 274.00 g plant-1), t...

Naveed Afsar* and Muhammad Idrees 

...ve been increased with a significant decrease in the long-term mean rainfall over the past decades. The study recommends that farmers should be trained well to more appropriately tackle the menace of climate change, extension workers should be made sure to visit the farmers in their fields on regular basis, and Government should promote information technology in order to properly disseminate the climate change knowledge. 

...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,*, Hareem Mansoor1, Sana Khan1 and Mushtaq A. Saleem1
... and total proteins were significantly deceased in both larval instars except the free amino acids that increased in 4th larval instar of both populations. The glucose contents increased in both larval instars of exposed groups of both populations with reference to unexposed group of the respective population. It is concluded that the mixtures of insecticides were more effective than the administration of insecticides alone to control T. granariu...
Gul Afshan1,2,*, Soumble Zulfiqar2, Sumaira Mehboob2, Muhammad Tahir Javed Khan1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,*
...lope glycoprotein E2 has significant antigenic activity and can potentially be used as recombinant vaccines against HCV infection.
...
Chen-Yu Sun, Wen-Chao Liu*, Mei Xiao, Zhi-Hui Zhao and Li-Long An*
... level of betaine had no significant effects on BWG, feed intake and FCR (P>0.05). Overall (d 1-28), there was a quadratic increase in BWG (P<0.05) and a linear decrease in FCR (P<0.01) with increasing betaine supplementation. In addition, dietary supplementation with different levels of betaine increased the villus width (linear, P<0.05), serosal layer thickness, muscular thickness, and wall thickness of duodenum (quadratic, P<0.05), and the se...

Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Syeeda Areeba Gillani1, Syed Shehzad Hassan1, Muneeb Aamir1, Muhammad Saifullah1, Mubashar Basheer1, Atif Ahmad1, Saif-ul-Rehman2 and Tariq Ali1 

...allenging tasks which is significant to evaluate accurately for farmers. This research was conducted in eastern Punjab Pakistan by incorporating yield/area as reported by Crop Reporting Service Department along with open source satellite datasets. We downloaded three images of each year (2008-2018) from Geological Survey of United States and applied geometric corrections. All the spectral wavelengths were transformed to Top of Atmosphere reflectance and proces...

Abir Ishtiaq and Muhammad Naeem* 

...duction of C. catla were significantly (p< 0.05) affected by different dietary protein levels. However, absolute gain of length and weight, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly (p> 0.05) influenced by dietary protein levels. Absolute weight gain (g) amounted to 736.82±51.95, 749.76±71.20, 863.94±61.24 and 854.73±61.02 g, whereas FCR values were found to be...

Muhammad Ilyas* and Fida Mohammad 

...s. Pooled ANOVA revealed significant interaction due to GE for days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling duration, grain growth rate, grains spike-1, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Averaged over eight environments, wheat RIL’s 44, 55, and 25 were desirable for days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling duration, grain growth rate, grains spike-1 and grain yield. Mean grain yield ranged from 1613 to 2471 kg ha-1 across environments. Among...

Wajid Khan* and Raziuddin 

...n. Mean squares revealed significant genetic variability among parents and their F1 crosses for days to maturity, primary branches plant-1, pods main raceme-1, 1000-seed weight and seed yield plant-1, signifying the occurrence of considerable variability in the tested material. Mean performance identified parental genotype AUP-21 being the best for early maturity (167.0 days), pods main raceme-1 (65.3), 1000-seed weight (7.1 g) and seed yield (30.6 g). F1 cros...
Maliha Ayub1, Muhammad Javed1, Fariha Latif 1*, Faiza Ambreen2, Komal Sabir1
...idant activity increased significantly in all organs of metal stressed fish as compared to the control fish. Among all test concentrations, the activity of antioxidant enzyme (peroxidase) was significantly higher in the fish liver under 96-hr LC50 manganese exposed fish as evident from its mean value as 0.685±0.005UmL-1, followed by 2/3rd (0.585±0.006 UmL-1), 1/4...

Matiullah Khan*, Shameemul Sibtain Shah, Atiqullah Khan, Muhammad Sarwar and Shoaib Ahmed 

...eed inoculation with PSB significantly increased grain and dry matter yield. It can be concluded from the study that good quality of SSP can be manually prepared from HRP which may increase the yield comparable to DAP. 

...

Masood Ahmad* and Abdur Rab 

...on. Keeping in view, the significant role of calcium in plants and its potential effects on vegetative attributes and quality production of gladiolus corms, an experiment was conducted during the years 2016-2017. The influence of foliar calcium application was investigated by spraying the gladiolus plants cv. “White Prosperity” with 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM calcium solutions at different times (3rd, 5th and 7th leaf stages). The findings showed ...

Muhammad Sharif1*, Sadullah1, Ghulam Rasool2, Muhammad Nasir Khan1, Zubair Rehman1, Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Khalid Hussain4 

...ZT (0.57%) was increased significantly. EC of ZT (0.314 ds m-1) was decreased numerically, but pH was not affected by tillage treatments. No significant difference regarding SWC, soil temperature, infiltration rate was observed under different tillage treatments, but the results under ZT were appriciable and CT (1.28 g cm-3) showed significantly less soil bulk density as compared to both o...
Zijuan Li1,2, Rong Ma2, Muhammad Khan3*, Chenchen Liu2, Xiaolin Cui2 and Yongming Li1,2*
...on. Finally, piceatannol significantly enhanced apoptotic efficacy of CDDP in U2OS cells. On the basis of our findings, piceatannol is a promising anticancer agent which could be developed into lead for osteosarcoma treatment as a single agent or in combination with CDDP.
...

Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad2 

...ass production decreases significantly. This reduction is gradual, depending upon increase in salt concentration in the root medium, while each species has a critical threshold value where it was started showing negative response. Leaching fractions may help keeping salt concentration low in the root zone when irrigation water is saline. In this experiment three types of water (canal, EC = 2 and 3 dS m-1) were used as such and with leaching fraction of 10 and ...

Muhammad Ali1*, Norsida Man2 and Farrah Melissa Muharam

...Social influence plays a significant role in the adoption of new technologies exclusively in the context of climate change. Although various studies have been undertaken to manage agricultural risk from the field perspective. However, less attention has been paid to examine the influence of subjective norms on ICT usage among farmers for the management of agricultural risk in Malaysia. Therefore, the present study was designed to meet the objective. The resear...
Huma Sattar1, Sehrish Firyal1,*, Ali Raza Awan1, Habib-Ur -Rehman2, Muhammad Sajid Hasni3 and Amjad Islam Aqib4*
...gland infection. Despite significant technological developments in animal husbandry, udder infection is still widespread; particularly in large herds that causes high production losses to the dairy industry of Pakistan. Identification of molecular marker sequences that are directly related to immunity against mastitis might be helpful for animal selection trait and prevention of this disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of polymo...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1,*, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2, Irshad Ahmad3, Ikramul Haq4, Kashif Prince1, Asad Ullah5, Muhammad Shoaib2, Shahid Zaman6, Amjad Islam Aqib7, Ghazunfar Rashid1, Mahboob Ali1, Imdad Ullah Khan4,Imad Khan5, Naimat Ullah4 and Muhammad Shahid8
...IHA). The results showed significantly higher (P< 0.05) immune titer in vitamin E supplemented animals groups against C. perfringens type D epsilon toxin.
...
Laiba Shafique1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3, Mahroze Fatima4, Huma Naz5, Saif ur Rehman1, Youchuan Wei1 and Qingyou Liu1,*
...a fingerlings showed significant improvement by feeding formic acid and vitamin D3. Result showed that C. idella fed with vitamin D3 increased the crude protein, ash and decreased the fat contents in muscles while same result was observed by supplementation of formic acid. In conclusion, dietary formic acid and vitamin D3 improves the growth performance and muscle proximate analysis for the C. idella fingerlin...
Muhammad Suleman1,*, Abu ul Hassan Faiz2, Muhammad Shahbaz2 and Ayesha Riaz3
...ated A. niger has significantly increased the xylanase production as compared to parent strains. Twenty minutes exposure of A. niger was considered suitable for the production of xylanase. Wheat bran concentration (3.5%) was considered best substrate for xylanase production than corn cobs and sugarcane baggasse. Maximum xylanase production was observed at 30°C with pH 5.6. Molecular mass of the purified xylanase was found to be 27.2 KDa by SD...
S. Jalbani1, N.T. Narejo2,* and P. Khan2 
 

 

...hicken viscera exhibited significantly better growth (129.10 ± 2.90 g weight gain) followed by chopped small fish (103.90 ± 1.10g) as prepared feed while live small fish resulted 3rd preference (81.89 ± 1.11 g). Significantly lower growth and survival was obtained fed with Tubifex larvae (73.85 ± 1.15 g). Water quality parameter like pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen; ammonia nitrate an...
Zia-ud-Din1, Muhammad Nauman Aftab2, Tanveer Hussain3,*, Irfana Iqbal4 and Asma Zafar5
...FCR and economics varied significantly for feed supplements as well as for chicken varieties (P<0.05). The chickens given feed with probiotic (@1g/kg of feed were of more economic value than those fed on antibiotic supplemented feed and control with highest live body weight of 183.58±6.31g gaining 143.13±6.37g weight, multiplying their weight 4.56±0.17 times over the initial body weight with feed intake of 668.82±31.11g showing m...
Min Li1,2, Jingjing Wang3, Suxian Hu3, Philip Stott4, Baoqing Lin5, Lianshan Li5, Hui Liu1, Heng Bao1, Duoying Cui6 and Guangshun Jiang1,* 
..., we provide evidence of significant scale dependence on landscape structure of wetland bird diversity. Therefore, scalar effects of different habitat variables need to be taken into account when managing wetland bird populations with the aim of conserving avian biodiversity. 
...
Jinfeng Liu1,2, Yanhong Cao3, Tong Feng1, Laiba Shafique1, Chan Luo1, Peng Zhu1,4,* and Qingyou Liu1,*
...n down regulated. It was significantly expressed higher level in COCs of middle diameter sized follicles than that of small and large sized follicles. BMP15 gene expression enhanced until morula stage but it fell sharply at blastula stage. Immunohistochemistry exhibited BMP15 protein was located in germ cells of testis, in primordial granulosa cells, primary, secondary, and antral follicles of ovary, and none in theca cells. The more conspicuous ...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Shahid Nabeel1 and Abu Saeed Hashmi2
...pituitary lobe and plays significant role in growth, development, metabolism, lactation, and reproduction. Growth hormone interact with GHRs and influence on metabolism and growth. Changes in GHR concentration affect signalling pathways, binding capacity and alters activity of GH. Therefore, the GH and GHR genes are considered important candidate genes. DNA samples of Marecha camel were collected from the Camel Breeding and Research Station at Rakhmani Bhakar,...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
...n, both insecticides had significant effect on the mortality of RPW (larvae and adult) except the pupal stage under laboratory conditions. After direct spray application of the recommended dose, the adult mortality percentages were 66.67, 73.33 and 100% for acetamiprid and 23.33, 60 and 96.67% for sulfoxaflor after 1, 24, and 48 h, respectively, whereas the larvae mortality percentages were 63.33, 73.33 and 100% for acetamiprid and 46.67, 73.33 and 96.67% for ...
Sabbah M. Allam, T.M. El-Bedawy, M.H. Bakr and A.E.M. Mahmoud*
...showed that there were insignificant (P>0.05) differences between cows fed R2, R3 and R4 compared with those fed R1 (control), except digestibility of nitrogen free extract which was significantly (P≤0.05) decreased by feeding experimental rations by increasing replacement level of DOP to more than 25% (R2). Blood constituents of experimental cows on all rations were within normal range for platelets, red blood cells (...
Abdulkareem Mohamed Matar1, Moez Ayadi1,2, Hassen Mohamed Sbihi3*, Imeddine Arbi Nehdi3, Mutassim Mohammad Abdelrahman1 and Riyadh Saleh Aljumaah1
...turated fatty acids were significantly lower in milk fat from ewes fed TF (45.67%) and CF1 (42.13%) compared to CF3 (53.65%) and CF2 (49.67%). Linoleic acid (C18:2∆9c,12c; n-6) was significantly higher in milk fat from ewes fed CF1 (4.17%). While, no significant difference was detected for α-linolenic acid (C18:3∆9c,12c,15c; n-3). The percentage o...
Mahdi Khojastekey1, Majid Kalantar1, Jam Zaheer Ahmed2, Samiullah Khan3, Muhammad Altaf Hussain4, Rajwali Khan5 and Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza6*
... the results, there were significant differences between treatment and control group in fecundity rate (249 vs.147%), prolificacy rate (264 vs.178%), lamb born crop (9.9 vs. 5.9 kg), weaning rate (206.28 vs.111.22%), fertility rate (198.95 vs.123.47%), parturition mean (2.11 vs.1.44 head) and lamb weaned crop (37.5 vs. 20.9 kg) respectively(P<0.05). By means of accelerated lambing method overall profits of the herd, based on the prices in the market in year...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Naimat Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Asfandyar Khan2, Kashif Prince1,*, Mahboob Ali1, Ghazunfar Rashid1 and Azmat Ulah Khan2
...on scores of animals are significantly (P<0.05) associated with Clostridium perfringens type A, B and D in both lambs and kids. Besides that, Season with Clostridium perfringens type A in kids, Area and Season with Clostridium perfringens type D in lambs are also significantly (P<0.05) associated.
...
Rais Ahmed1,2,*, Muhammad Khalid Mansoor1,2, Iftikhar Hussain1, Muhammad Saqib3, Muhammad Hammad Hussain4, Amjad Islam Aqib5, Haleema Sadia6, Javed Muhammad7, Asma Irshad8, Kashif Prince5, Muhammad Zain Saleem9 and Abdul Whab Manzoor10
...sitivity against MAP was significantly (P<0.05) detected. Male and female animals were equally susceptible to the disease (OR: 0.908, 95% CI= 0.6111-1.350). Age groups were not found associated with chances of being seropositive. Seropositivity was significantly (P<0.05) higher in animals under 300kg body weight. Chances of being seropositive were found more in animals belonging to BCS 1 (OR: 13.25, 95%CI=6.29-27.88) a...
Mohammed Al Bratty1,*, Hassan A. Alhazmi1,2, Desam Nagarjuna Reddy3, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab3, Sadique A. Javed1 and Zia ur Rehman1,4
... and yeasts. In general, significant antimicrobial activity was recorded against gram positive bacteria (zone of inhibition: 16.3±0.35–30.6±0.11 mm; MICs: 1–4 μg/ml); while gram negative bacteria (zone of inhibition: 10.1±0.23–17.2±0.13 mm; MICs: 4–16 μg/ml) and yeasts (zone of inhibition: 9.1±0.23–18.7±0.10 mm; MICs: 2–16 μg/ml) showed comparatively lower susceptibility to ...
Yue Ren1, Peng-Fei Liu2, Wan-Long Zhu1,*,Hao Zhang1 and Jin-Hong Cai1
...leptin levels were lower significantly in winter than that of in summer in five areas. But thermogenic characteristics and food intake were higher significantly in winter than that of in summer in five areas. NPY and AgRP expressions showed significant differences between two seasons, which were higher in winter and lower in summer, but POMC and CART expressions showed no
Ihsanullah*, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi, Sohail Akhtar and Syed Muhammad Suhail
... seasons of the year. No significant differences were found between the groups with different exotic blood level in calving interval, age at first calving, postpartum ovulation interval and dry period. Calving interval, postpartum ovulation interval and dry period were significantly longer in the spring season while age at first calving was significantly longer in autumn.
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1*, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Afia Muhammad Akram1, Arshad Javid3, Majid Hussain5, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah4 and Asma Chaudhary1
...e supplementation showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in growth indices (WG%, FCR, SGR) and digestibility of nutrients (i.e. CP, EE and GE) when C. catla fingerlings were fed at 900 FTU kg-1 level in MOLM based diet. It was further noted that phytase supplementation decreased the discharge of nutrients through faeces resulting in reduced eco-pollution. On the basis of results it was concluded that phytase supplementation at 900 ...
Khalid Khan1*, Hazrat Yousaf1, Noor Mohammad1, Munir Khan1 and Do Thi Thao2
... that money supply has a significant and positive impact on food prices, as food prices are unswervingly linked to food security, real disposable income of households’and food production. The results of the study also revealed that the implication of monetary policy will be a significant instrument to influence poverty, food security, and consumption patterns in China. 
...
Naveed Ahmed1*, Abdul Waheed1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Imtiaz Ahmed1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1, Sohail Aslam1, Muhammad Adil Younis2, Seemab Ali1, Nadia Khan1 and Madiha Bashir1
...lications. Data showed a significant difference among most of the growth parameters. Maximum head weight (2306.7 g), stem length (42.66 cm), number of leaves plant-1(15.73cm), root length (27.53 cm), yield (55.63 t/ha) was recorded for cultivar cabbage red with the application of 60ppm of GA3
...
Manzoor Hussain*, Marie Maňasová, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...ne or with nematodes had significant (P = 0.01) positive effects on plant shoot and root growth among all other treatments in the experiment. After L. muscarium and the chemicals (Vydate and Basamid), Stropharia rugosoannulata ranked second in reducing the nematode numbers of galls, egg masses, and second-stage juveniles (J2) and rate of nematode reproduction (Pf/Pi) and improving plant growth factors. 
...
Ambreen Leghari1,2, Asghar Ali Kamboh2,*, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho1, Faiz Muhammad Khand1, Kanwar Kumar Malhi2,3, Iqra Bano Chandio4, Seema Baloch5 and Jan Mohammad Shah4
...ict, rapid test showed a significantly higher (P< 0.05) prevalence in male than females. Similarly, a higher (P< 0.05) prevalence was observed for 5-8 years age than > 8 years, in non-pregnant animals than pregnant and in 2-4 and >4 parities than 1 parity. However, in Tando Allahyar district, rapid test declared a significantly higher prevalence (P< 0.05) in female than male cattle, in 5-8 years age than > ...
Muhammad Usman Akhtar1,2, Abdul Qayum3, Anshan Shan1,*, Shuli Chou1, Hyeonsoo Jo4, Syed Waqas Ali Shah4 and Ishfaq Muhammad5
...M, CP, NDF and ADF) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in goats fed 60RDP diet than those fed 30RDP. Goats fed 70RDP diet produced higher milk yield/d than those fed 30RDP diet.These results revealed that Beetal goats fed 70RDP showed increased nutrient intake and digestibility and proved to be the best in terms of economics as compared to 60RDP, 50RDP, 40RDP and 30RDP diets.
...
Qudsia Yousafi1*, Muhammad Aslam2 andShahzad Saleem1
... both growing seasons. A significant positive correlation was found between aphid and ladybeetle populations during 2013-14, and correlation was positive but non-significant during the 2014-15 season. Findings from our study indicate that there exists a positive correlation between the two populations, but is not always significant. A positive correlation is expected between prey (aphid) a...
Muhammad Ramzan1, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1*, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Ghulam Murtaza2, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1 and Faisal Manzoor1
...midity and rainfall play significant role in fluctuation of natural enemies.
...
Mubasshir Sohail1,2,*, Raza Muhammad1 and Qadeer Ahmed Soomro1
... Both aphid species were significantly good in performance when fed to C. carnea larvae with S. cerealella eggs than their solo effect. Results depicted that mortality factor and life parameters of C. carnea larvae are influenced by its prey type which they fed on. These results of the study could be used to improve the rearing and conservation strategies to increase C. carnea population and their predatory activities.
...
Himanshu Mishra, Vikas Kumar and Ashish Kumar*
...ld survey, we recorded a significantly higher number of migratory birds at the end of early winter (December) and at the commencement of middle winter (January). Red crested pochard (Netta rufina), Common coot (Fulica atra) and Gadwall (Mareca strepera) were the most populated species in the present study. The number of birds was not significantly different among winter months except between October/Dece...
Shad Mahfuz1,2, Shuyuan Wang1, Mo Chen1, Fei Zao1, Dong Zhen1
Zhongjun Liu4 and Hui Song1,3*
...e experimental period no significant differences were observed in egg production, egg mass, egg weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among groups. Among the egg quality parameters haugh unit, egg shell color and egg yolk color were improved (p<0.05) in FVW fed groups than control and antibiotic groups. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) was higher (p<0.05) both in 4%FVW and 6%FVW fed groups than control and antibiotic fed groups. S...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Umar Mumtaz1, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan3 and Abdul Naveed4
Faheem Aslam1*, Aneel Salman1 and Inayatullah Jan2
...nometric techniques face significant challenges in out of sample predictability tests due to model uncertainty and parameter instability. Recent studies introduce several machine learning algorithms to improve time series prediction accuracy. The purpose of this study is to develop a precise wheat production model using artificial neural networks (ANN). A total of 71 years’ wheat production data from 1948 to 2018 is divided into training data and te...

Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Rashid Mahmood2, Ziyad Abdul Qadir2, Muhammad Arshad1 and Mubasshir Sohail3 

...ved. Neem oil gave (90%) significant control at 400 ppm concentration. There was no significant mortality observed in winter green oil. So, the neem oil, eucalyptus oil and lemon oil can be used against Varroa mites to improve the production of honey. 

...

Sameera Arshad1*, Arshad Mahmood Malik2 and Iftikhar Hussain3 

...ggested that there was a significant positive correlation between bird strikes and maximum temperature (r=0.452, p=0.000), minimum temperature (r=0.422, p=0.000), and rainfall (r = 0.242, p = 0.017).Information drawn by this study could be incorporated into bird control practices at the airfield. Management efforts could be intensified during periods of high bird activity.  

...
Lin Sun1, Xiaofang Bu2, Jian Wang1*, Xiaorui Liu1 and Zhanyi Kong2
...cDNA/lgGAPDH. There were significant differences between the trial groups and normal controls (P<0.05). Further observation showed that the levels of CXCL8 mRNA in peripheral blood of the children with severe illness were significantly higher than those in light cases (P<0.05). Intravenous infusion of Erythromycin was provided in the acute phase for seven to ten days, and followed by the use of sequential...
Taimoor Khalid*, Asad Ullah and Mussawar Shah
...st governance had highly significant association with people cut trees by legal permits (P=0.000), due to illegal forest use the environmental services are greatly reduced (P=0.000), people are illegally occupying forest land (P=0.000), implementation of forest law is not same for all (P=0.000), timber permits are issued illegally to rich and powerful (P=0.000), due to illegality in forest management the forest management is not sustainable (P=0.000) and fores...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Rehan Khalid1, Muhammad Yahya1 and Khurram Shehzad2
...and land-use types had a significant and differential impact on the diversity and population abundance of major soil arthropod groups. Spring and summer seasons exhibited the maximum diversity and abundance of soil arthropods, while minimum population abundance was found in winter season. The diversity indices and population abundance of arthropods exhibited maximum values for agricultural land-use types followed by orchard and natural land-use types. Moreover...
Muhammad Izhar Shafi* and Muhammad Sharif
...oluble phosphorus showed significant increased with increasing levels of HA and incubation days with maximum mean available water soluble P of 1.219 mg kg-1 in soils treated with DAP and 10 kg HA, while the lowest of 0.565 mg kg-1 was noted in soils that were applied with recommended level of NP alone. It was concluded that the application of recommended dose of DAP with HA can be the optimal source for the improvement of P availability a...
Shagufta Naz1, Ayesha Javed1, Ayesha Saleem1, Khadija Murtaza1, Rukhama Haq1, Akbar Hayat2 and Neelma Munir1,*
... doses but at 0.5 kGy no significant change was observed. 0.5 kGy prouting was inhibited and microflora was reduced at this dose without affecting its nutritional and sensory qualities. So, it was proved to be the best optimized dose was 0.5kGy.
...
Muhammad Siddique1, Muhammad Shafique2,*,Abdul Mateen3, Naveed Shahzad4, Bilal Aslam2, Nasir Ahmad1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar2
...ike Pakistan. HCV is the significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally due to the lack of HCV vaccine. HCV genotypes are helpful for analyzing disease severity and start of therapy. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the genotyping of clinically isolated HCV from a Liver Center Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 3200 clinical samples were screened for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies by ICT method. Among positive samples, confirmation was...
Rafiq-ur-Rehman1*, Zahoor Ahmad1, Wiqar Ahmad2, Muhammad Mansoor3 and Shah Masaud1
...obium strains were found significant on yield parameters of the crop. Inoculation with rhizobium strain NARC-BK strain showed the maximum and significantly (p<0.05) higher number of branches, pod clusters plant-1, pods plant-1 and pods cluster-1,  pod length, 1000-seed weight, number of seed pod-1 (by 37, 18, 53, 31, 14, 7 and 5%, respectively). Rhizobium strains TAL...
Riaz Shah1* and Margaret Appleby2
... 24.6+3.2% TSSM that was significantly lower than all the other pesticides used. When mites were released onto treated leaf discs (spray residues), only garlic/chilli extract gave relatively acceptable levels of mortality 72.0+5.8% while bifenazate caused 95.2+3.7% mortality. TSSM females laid significantly more eggs on the garlic/chilli treated leaf discs in both contact and residual bioassays. When sprayed directly (contac...
Azra1* and Shaukat Hussain2
...recorded. There were not significant differences in disease severity among maize genotypes for individual years. However, significant differences were recorded amongst the genotypes when the data were pooled over two years. Based on disease severity scale 14 genotypes were categorized as moderately resistant, 14 moderately susceptible and the remaining eight genotypes were grouped as highly susceptible.
Muhammad Nisar* and Muhammad Idress
...nt in home gardening was significantly associated to nursery preparation, water management and manure composting training needs. Trainings for small farmers and women were recommended to create awareness for home gardening and water management at the garden.
...
Wiqar Ahmad1*, Farmanullah Khan2, Muhammad Sharif2 and Muhammad Jamal Khan2
...f an RCB design. In INM, significant (p<0.05) improvement in wheat and lentil yield (by 9 and 13%, respectively) was noted over the RD whilst both showed statistically similar crude protein content. Compared to the control, INM significantly (p<0.05) improved the wheat and lentil yield by 128 and 87%, respectively, and the crude protein by 17%. Yield improved by 13% for wheat in intercrop over the wheat after maize and...
Tahsin Razzaq*, Muhammad Fareed Khan and Shahid Iqbal Awan
...June 2016. Genotypes had significant differences for NCLB severity and reactions and were classified into resistant, susceptible and moderate categories on the basis of 0-5 disease severity scale. The percent disease incidence ranged from 20-60% and area under disease progressive curve (AUDPC) 22-362dsu (Development stage unit). On the basis of disease rating scale and pathological traits, it was reported that three parental genotypes Karamat-Bar-25, SZP-13200...
QihangLiu1,2, YueliJiang2, Tong Li2, Jin Miao2, Zhongjun Gong2, Yun Duan2, and YuqingWu2*
...Swarms of locusts causes significant impacts on agricultural systems worldwide. Research has focused on different techniques to capture large numbers of locusts to avoid such swarms. The exploitation of locusts phototactic response has been one such technique. The current study investigated the impact of different light wavelengths and intensities on the visual and thoracic temperature responses of locusts. Our results showed that ultraviolet (UV), violet, and...

Illahi Bux Bhatti1, 2*, Imran Khatri2, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani2 and Riffat Sultana

...9%. However, there is no significant difference between treatments i.e., T1 and T8, T2 and T3 and T6 and T9. The results indicated that, all control methods significantly reduce whitefly infestation and improve cane and sugar yield over control treatment. 

...

Muhammad Khuram Razzaq1,2*, Saeed Rauf1, Mohsin Khurshid3, Shahid Iqbal1,4, Javaid Akhter Bhat2, Ayaz Farzand5, Adeel Riaz1,6, Guangnan Xing2 and Junyi Gai

 

...m cells which induce the significant reduction in pollen fertility. Therefore, pollen fertility index can be exploited to discriminate resistant and susceptible genotypes under abiotic stresses. High heritability in the segregating generation warrants good selection response. Moreover, magnitude and type of genetic variation associated with pollen viability also important in improving the trait and breeding procedures to be adapted for the improvement of trait...

Matiullah Khan1*, Motsim Billah2, Shoaib Ahmad1, Raza Ullah Khan1 and Muhammad Sarwar1 

... and plant P uptake were significantly higher in the treatment where PEC was applied to the previous crop at 6 Mg ha-1 over rest of the treatments. It was concluded that PEC has the potential to improve yield of two consecutive crop i.e. rice and wheat yields when applied at 6 Mg ha-1. 

...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ghulam Yasein2 and Ghulam Abbas1 
...owth because they play a significant role in development and growth regulation. IGF-1 control protein metabolism and is extremely conserved region amongst species. IGF-1 have not been studied before in camel. The DNA samples of Marecha camel were collected from the Camel Breeding and Research Station at Rakhmani Bhakkar, Pakistan. Four polymorphic sites were detected in the IGF-1 gene. A significant finding was the oc...
Mo Chen1, Shad Mahfuz1, 2, Yan Cui1, Liying Jia1, Zhongjun Liu3 and Hui Song1, 4*
... antioxidant (T-AOC) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in 6%FVS than control; glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in FVS fed groups and control groups than in the antibiotic fed group; Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly lower (P<0.05) in FVS fed groups and antibiotic groups than in the control fed group. However, there was no

Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Niaz Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Khalid Hussain1, Sohail Abbas2 and Ali Raza3 

...ctively. Temperature had significant impact of 80.7 % on per unit population attraction (r=0.807). However, humidity had no significant impact (2.9 %) on per unit population attraction in light traps (r=0.029). Increasing adult catches trends of H. armigera and S. litura had significantly reduced larval populations in the field. Temperature had 12.3, 11.3, 10.5, 7.1 and 6.3 % impact on per...

Muhammad Abdul Rahman1*, Abdul Saboor1, Gulnaz Hameed1, Ghulam Bilal2 and Farooq Tanwir3 

...ntify and then rank most significant CEHFs that are related to emerging security hazards to dairy system. These CEHFs are then stitched with existing body of literature to consolidate our findings. Results comprised key CEHFs affecting occurrence of security hazards to dairy production in the scenario of changing climate. Experts ranked lack of genetic research and fodder security on top among various critical factors that drive and increase occurrence of secu...

Mazhar Habib1, Aamir Saleem1, Arshad Mahmood Malik2*, Sarfraz Ahmed3 and Sameera Arshad4 

...yield, dry matter yield) significant differences (P<0.05) at each clipping stage. With advanced plant maturity species, its herbage yield increased (P<0.05). However, phonologically, proportion of its plants with vegetative stage declined. This decline of plants with vegetative stage can cause distraction to livestock depending on the species for grazing purposes. It is suggested that two month clipping stage should be applied on Blue panic grass to get ...

Muhammad Saleem1*, Ehsan Elahi1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi1, Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1, Hajra Ibrahim2 and Muhammad Ali3 

... crop. These values were significantly higher compared to other S levels of 5,10 and 15 kg ha-1. The outcome of experiment had revealed that with the increasing level of S, the sunflower plant growth and yield attributes were significantly improved. The application of sulphur at 20 kg ha-1 was superior in enhancing overall growth, achene yield and oil content % of sunflower. 

...

Arifa Khan1*, Shazia Erum2, Naveeda Riaz1, Abdul Ghafoor2 and Farhat Ali Khan3 

...analysis. Results showed significant differences in all yields and phenotypic quality traits. High sprouting (100%) and plant height was observed in CIP8 (31.60 cm). CIP12 produced more number of tubers/plant (23.4 tubers) with low tuber weight while better average tuber weight was observed in CIP22 followed by CIP13 genotypes (95%) while CIP7 showed minimum sprouting (70%).CIP28 genotypeproduced maximum plant height (70.00 cm) while minimum CIP28 and CIP34 ge...

Jahangir Khan*, Syed Attaullah Shah, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai, Muhammad Fayaz, Shahid Ali, Abbas Ullah Jan and Ghaffar Ali 

...for these attributes are significantly greater than zero. On the basis of these findings the study recommends that apple growers should focus on best quality apple varieties and should maintain post harvest quality of their product. 

...

Yousaf Noor*, Zahir Shah and Muhammad Tariq 

...r methods of application significantly affected the yield attributes of citrus in both years. The combined application of Zn and B increased flower (12118), fruit set (8.3%), fruit retained (59.42 %), and fruit yield (14.34 t ha-1) relative to control. June fruit drop was reduced by 28.82 % by Zn alone. In methods foliar spray significantly improved fruit retained (46.24%) and fruit yield (12.4 t ha-1) relative to soil appli...

Saad ud Din Khan1, Syed Rashid Ali1 and Sanam Wagma Khattak2*

...cotton production have a significant and negative relationship. It shows that the cotton producer in Pakistan has risk-averse behaviour. Another variable, capital-labour ratio has a positive and significant impact on cotton production in Pakistan. 

...

Jahangir Khan1*, Abbasullah Jan1, Kar Ho Lim2, Syed Attaullah Shah1*, Aditya R Khanal2 and Ghaffar Ali1 

...otal monthly income were significant determinants of their WTP. In addition, health concern and environment concern of pesticides use also influence the WTP. Findings from this study help in assessing the market potential for pesticides-free fruits in Pakistan 

...

Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Iqbal Javed3, Abdur Rehman4, Muhammad Yaseen2, Saleem Ashraf5 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2 

...statistics showed highly significant association (P<0.05) between agricultural diversification strategies being adopted by households in the situation of changing climate and income level of households. It was found that social capital was highly influenced and depends upon income level of households as majority (67.0%) of the poor people with low income level had low level of financial capital. The preference or choice of livelihood strategies by different...

Umar Hayat1*, Shahid Ali1, Abdul Mateen2 and Hazrat Bilal

...sheries and forestry are significantly affecting poverty head count rate in Pakistan. Thus, long-run agriculture growth programme in line with overall economic development targets of the country needs to be planned on operational grounds with strict implementation mechanism. It will enhance the tempo of agricultural growth towards poverty alleviation which will ultimately increase the speed of economic development in Pakistan. Furthermore, sub sectors of agric...

Sibgha Noreen*, Sumrina Faiz, Muhammad Salim Akhter, Kausar Hussain Shah 

...s (150 mM) resulted into significant decrease in biomass accumulation of sunflower up to 50%, while it was improved by 80% in control by the foliar application of osmoprotectants. Chlorophyll (Chl-a, chl b and total chlorophyll) contents were also decreased significantly due to saline environment; however, there was improvement of 288.5%, 162.5% and 141.0% by 200 mgL-1 spray of proline. The amount of hydrogen peroxide and Ma...

Fazle Akbar and Sahib Alam* 

... alone and interactively significantly (p<0.05) affected the analyzed parameters. The lowest total fungal counts (12.26×103 CFUs/g) were recorded in 0.85 aw sample at the start of storage, whereas the highest total viable counts i.e. 18.01×103 CFUs/g were documented at day 45 in the grain sample of 0.95 aw. The total Fusarium count varied from 0.42×103 CFUs/g in control sample at the start of storage time to 0.94×103 CFUs/g at day 45...

Shahid Ali1*, Farhan1, Murtaza1, Neelum Andaleeb2 and Amjad Ali1 

...hours were statistically significant with the coefficients of -0.027, 0.090, 0.060, 0.223 and 0.056, respectively. The estimated results of SFP model-2 revealed that household’s education level was having negative and significant effect on technical inefficiency. Among the sampled respondents owners were technically more inefficient as compared to the tenants. Farm size was having negative and ...

Olufisayo Bamidele* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola 

...the groups. There was no significant difference (p>0.05, t-test) between the litter size and total live kits obtained for 10µg and 15µg groups. Kit weight at birth showed no statistical difference (p>0.05, ANOVA) among all the groups. There was no still born in the control and the 5µg group. The gestation period (days) for the control and 5µg group were 32.00±0.00 while the gestation period (days) between the 10µg and...

Muhammad Israr* and Noor Khan 

...erminant with a positive significant effect on adoption of improved seed technology. The study recommends awareness program for encouraging farmers to register in FSC. The provision of free public education facility and agricultural extension services over modern agricultural technologies could augment the rate and intensity of adoption by the wheat growers. 

...
Naila Riaz1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1, Ali Hassan2, Shaukat Ali2, Shafaat Yar Khan1
...ml. Both venom fractions significantly inhibited the activity of AChE. However, 30µg/ml dose of both scorpion venom caused 100% mortality in adult M. domestica. . It was concluded that the venom of scorpions contains peptides fractions that may be used as potential bio-pesticides.

 

...
Sobia Nazir1, Muhammad Irfan1*, Muhammad Nadeem2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3*, Muhammad Khan3, Shaukat Ali4, Quratulain Syed2
...roposed model was highly significant as depicted by ANOVA. The results recommended that seed pods of Bombyx ceiba play important role in cellulase production, which is useful for the food industry, textile industry and ethanol production.
...
Hafiza Sadaf Zahra1, Asia Iqbal2, Sayyeda Hira Hassan1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Muhammad Khan1*, Muhammad Irfan3, Chaman Ara1, Shaukat Ali4
...on of histone, which are significant for growth, development and progression of BC. DNA hypermethylation of promoter CpG islands inhibits transcriptional activity by methyltransferase enzyme which results in inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSG), while in hypomethylation, demethyltransferase enzyme causes the activation of oncogenes by promoting transcriptional activity. Contrary to DNA methylation, histone acetylation and deacetylation results in chrom...
Mehwish Faheem1*, Maleeha Rafeeq1, Aisha Majeed1 and Saba Khaliq2
... bisphenol-A resulted in significant increase in mRNA expression of heat shock proteins (hsp70 and hsp90). In the light of present results, expression of cyp1a1 or heat shock proteins may be used as biomarkers to assess the presence of BPA in the environment. 
...
Abu ul Hassan Faiz1,*, Fakhar-i-Abbas2, Mehboob ul Hassan3 and Lariab Zahra Faiz1
...ulation density differed significantly (P≤ 0.05) at study sites. The habitat analysis of study sites and correlation of species with habitat were done through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) by using software (XLSTAT-Ecology version). The habitat was positively correlated in the two areas while the study site Harighel fields was negatively correlated. It was also found that most species except for a few were positively correlated with habitat. The infest...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Sehrish Kanwa1, Asma Chaudhary2, Ayesha Siddiqua1
... level increased but not significantly. Histological examinations exhibited pyknosis, necrosis, vacuolations, increased sinusoidal spaces, karyomegaly, glomerulosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, epithelium degeneration, spermatocytes exfoliation, tubular degeneration and aspermia in liver, kidney and testis respectively. Levofloxacin causes deleterious effects on liver, kidneys and testes of mice and alters normal functioning of vital organs.
 
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Zainab Riaz1, Memoona1, Asma Chaudhary2, Shagufta Andleeb2
... phosphatase (ALP) and a significant increase in bilirubin levels in BP group. Significant raised patterns were recorded for urea and creatinine in BP intoxicated mice against control. Histological defects observed were necrosis, pyknosis, increased sinosuidal spaces, portal hypertension, glomerulosclerosis, abnormal vascular pole in liver and kidney respectively. But when turmeric powder was coadministered with BP, these da...

Manzoor1*, Ahmad Khan1, Amir Sohail2, Shahzad Ali1, Fawad Ali Shah3, Junaid Iqbal3, Muhammad Owais Khan4 and Sultan Nawaz4 

... Deficit irrigations had significant (P≤0.05) affect on all parameters excluding number of plants at harvest. Full irrigation (10 irrigations) had significantly more plant height (189.25 cm), 1000 grain weight (211.25 g), leaf area (425.95 cm2), number of leaves (16.23), grain yield (3352.75 kg), biological yield (10726.08 kg) and shelling percentage (47.78). Whereas one irrigation missing at six leaves stages produced ma...
 

Aftab Shaukat1,2,*, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Rizwan Shukat4, Shahid Ali Rajput5, 

Shadab Shaukat6, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem2,5,8, Mubashar Hassan2,5, Tabassam Fatima2,5
Fayyaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Usman Saleem7, Fatima Arooj1, Ashar Mehfooz2 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi2
...76 % (p<0.01) showing significantly higher rate is in T2 group. The birth weight and weaning weight of the kids in T1 and T2 group were 1.56±0.02 kg vs 1.87±0.04 kg and 9.0±0.21 kg vs 10.45±0.18 kg, respectively showing better results in group (T2). Effect of flushing on type of birth was observed significant at Chi-square value of 9.138 p...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*,Mujahid Manzoor1, Zubair Aslamand  Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1, 2
...ioassay indicated highly significant level of LC50 values among laboratory reared and field collected population against Cypermethrin. The laboratory reared resistant population, Sindh and South Punjab collected population showed high LC50 values as compared to susceptible, Baluchistan and KPK population. The expression of P450 gene through PCR showed enhanced level of P450 gene in different Instars as well as collected population. The dsRNA specific for CYP45...

Iffat Nawaz1*, Farhatullah1, Fida Muhammad1, Sajid Ali2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali

Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali2 and Muhammad Zulfiqar

...asonal shifts are rather significant. In all the districts, spring and summer rains are showing an increasing trend whereas fall and winter rains are continuously declining. This shows that spring and summer are becoming wetter and fall and winter are becoming dryer till 2040. Nearly two-third or more of the total rains are received during spring and monsoon. In decadal scenario, it is likely that annual average precipitation will continue to increase till 203...
Fariha Latif1*, Muhammad Javed2, Hammad Ahmad Khan2 and Khalil-Ur-Rehman3
...borne Pb exposure caused significant accumulation in the fish tissues that increased significantly with increasing exposure of Pb. Pb accumulated variably in the fish tissues as liver > gills > brain > kidney > muscles. Oxidative stress in the Pb exposed fish was determined in terms of change in the activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). The Pb expo...

Sanaullah1, Fazli Rabbi2*, Shahid Ali2, Zeeshan Khan3 and Muhammad Zamin4 

...frequency to the site is significantly affected by traveling cost, gender, and visitors’ perception of the quality of the site. The policy should legislate to introduce payment system for visiting the tourist site to generate funds for its development. Moreover, development programs shall be initiated to attract tourists vis-à-vis realize the objectives of the sustainable management and conservation of biodiversity. 

...
Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Abdul Majid Khan2*, Ayesha Iqbal2, Amtur Rafeh2, Muhammad Tahir Waseem2 and Muhammad Ameen2
...) which is statistically significant (p<0.05). The middle Miocene in the Siwaliks is hypothesized to have had warm and humid climatic conditions with dominance of dense forests whereas in the late Miocene to the early Pliocene there was a shift in the ecological conditions, with grasslands expanding at the expense of forests and woodlands and the climate gradually becoming less warm and humid. The current enamel hypoplasia results indicate that warm and hum...
Sumaira Abbas1, Muhammad Sultan Haider2,*, Fatima Kafayet1, Sana Ashraf2, Atifa Masood3 and Moazma Batool4
...is of results showed non-significant differences (P<0.05) among all treatments in weight gain and FCR. Maximum color intensity 1.52±0.08 and carotene concentration in lateral and tail region, 0.4±0.01 and 0.05 ±0.02 were recorded in T3 without any harmful effect. It is concluded that citrus peels are good, natural, low price Carotene source for color enhancement.
...
Saman Muhsin Abdulkareem* and Nadir Mustafa Nanakali
...10µg/kg/day) could significantly increase liver oxidative stress biomarkers and serum liver enzymes (p<0.05). While, pre and post treatment of QCT (20 mg/kg/day) had protective effects on hepatotoxicity induced by TCDD and could significantly decrease these factors (p<0.05). Furthermore, there is no difference between the pre and post treatment of QCT (p>0.05). In addition to, the results showed that prolonged...
Hüseyin Erdem* and Ibrahim Cihangir Okuyucu
...uality) were found to be significant at the 2nd h after birth. Colostrum quality of cows with ADMY low (Group 1) and high (Group 2) were found to be 1.065±0.0015 and 1.055±0.0016 g/ml, in postpartum 2nd h, respectively. Colostrum quality of cows with long DPL (1.064±0.0013 g/ml) was found to be higher than those with short DPL (1.054±0.0017 g/ml) at the 2nd h after birth. The effect of parity on the ...

Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry2, Muhammad Irfan3, Muhammad Khan1, Shaukat Ali4 and Saima Shahzad Mirza5 

... fish scales were highly significantly different (P<0.001) among sampling locations and flow seasons. Location-wise metal accumulation pattern was C > D > B > A. The highest concentrations (µg/g dry weight) of Cd (0.29), Cr (4.64), Cu (8.85), Fe (65.66), Mn (5.14), Hg (2.91), Ni (3.18), Pb (5.14) and Zn (72.16) were recorded at site C. Among the sampled fish species, C. mrigala showed highest potential of metals bioaccumulation than L. rohita...

Rahat Naz*, Mussawar Shah, Asad Ullah, Intikhab Alam and Younas Khan 

... human life had a highly significant association (P=0.000) with greenhouse gases has decreased the agricultural productivity; climate change has reduced the production of crops(P=0.000); soil erosion and landslides have increased(P=0.000); Due to climate change forests, fruits and vegetables have become scarce(P=0.000); water logging and salinity has affected the production of crops(P=0.000); and loss of agricultural productivity affecting the local economy wi...

Hassnain1, Abdul Basit1*, Mehboob Alam1, Imran Ahmad1, Izhar Ullah1, Noor Alam2, Inayat Ullah3, Muhammad Areeb Khalid1, Muhammad Shair4 and Noor ul Ain1 

...er stress interval had a significant (P< 0.01) effect on almost all studied parameter. Tomato plants treated with 6 days water stress interval had maximum average plant height (82.69 cm), average number of leaves (104.02), leaf area (81.47 cm2), chlorophyll content (71.31 SPAD), relative water content (67.27%), excided leaf water retention (68.24%), number of fruit plant-1(24.66), average fruit weight (73.718 g) and yield (37.50-ton ha-1). Similarly, f...

Roshan Ali1, Afsar Ali2, Shamsher Ali2, Muhammad Arshad Khan3*, Haroon Shahzad3, Noman Latif3, Muhammad Waheed4, Ashraf Khan5 and Murad Ali6 

...aled that there were non-significant (P>0.05) pair wise differences among the means of the treatments. The significant maximum biological yield (9299 kg ha-1), grain yield (3901 kg ha-1) and Harvest index (42 %) was obtained in T3 when silicon was applied at the rate of 100 kg ha-1. From these results, it can be concluded that the application of silicon @ 100 kg ha-1 was found the best for improving the rice growth, yield...
Hazrat Ali1,2,*, Ezzat Khan1,* and Muhammad Jamal Nasir3
...s were statistically not significant, most probably due to more variance within samples. Comparative metal accumulation in the five different tissues of C. naziri and M. armatus did not show a consistent trend across the studied tissues.
...
Ammara Blouch1, Ata ul Mohsin2, Muhammad Naeem2 and Rashid Mahmood1*
... days of exposure caused significantly higher mortality i.e 46.43, 43.45 and 38.69 % as compared to Dipel (Bt sub speciess kurstaki) that caused 19.05, 6.55 and 4.76 % mortality for 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar, respectively. The data for 7th day also showed significantly higher mortality as 64.29, 60.71 and 45.24 % by Turex (Bt sub speciess kurstaki and a...

Awais Ahmed Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal1 and Muhammad Atiq2 

... the elicitors expressed significant results. Salicylic acid was the most effective to control the disease and showed minimum mycelial growth diameter (35mm) followed by benzoic acid (44mm), jasmonic acid (45.5), and ascorbic acid (50mm) as compared to control (92mm) treatment. Organic elicitors activated the defense system, by inducing the biochemical alterations. These treatments effectively enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD), Superoxide dismutase (...

Noorullah Khan1*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Fayaz Ahmad1, Sabaz Ali Khan2, Imtiaz Ahmed1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1, Shamsul Islam1, Abdul Waheed1, Basharat Hussain Shah1 and Hussain Shah

...000, 4000, and 5000 ppm) significantly increased all the growth attributing traits over the control. However, the highest number of first-order adventitious roots (NFARP) plant-1 (9.5), seedling survival rate (SSR) (51.7), and plant height (85.5 cm) were recorded in plants treated with 3000 ppm IBA. Contrarily the longest roots of 50.7 cm were observed with IBA concentration of 5000 ppm. Correlation analysis revealed that SSR % and growth of kiwi seedlings are...

Fayyaz Hussain*, Raza Ullah Khan, Asim Hayat, Humair Ahmed and Ahmad Khan 

...ed at 15 DAT.On overall, significant differences were found in different parameters between locations. 

...
Hu Liu1,2, Qifang Yu1,2, Xiaopeng Tang1,2, Chengkun Fang1,2, Sijia Chen1,2 and Rejun Fang1,2,*
...trol diets, 1) there was significant difference in average daily feed intake, and feed conversion rate (P < 0.05), but no difference in egg quality and laying rate (P > 0.05); 2) there was significant difference in serum GSH-Px and MDA (P < 0.05). No difference in SOD, CAT and T-AOC (P >0.05). Compared with basal diets, adding selenium lead to increase serum GSH-Px and decrease MDA; 3) there was

Jawad Ali*, Ibad Ullah Jan and Hidayat Ullah 

...ity okra plant okra were significantly alleviated by the foliar application of Se under drought stress. Se application of 3 mg L−1 significantly increased the number of leaves, plant height, number of branches, stem dry weight, root dry weight, fruit diameter, number of fruit per plant and 1000 seed weight. Se regulated processes, improved the vegetative and yield attributes of okra under water deficit conditions as we...

Asim Munawar1,2*, Farooq Ahmad1, Aqsa Arshad1, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi3 and Chengjuan Liang4 

...phine. Results indicated significant difference between lab and field collected pests strains regarding their resistance mechanisms to deltamethrin as well as phosphine treatments. Field strains collected from various geographical locations were observed more resistant then lab strains. Calculated LC50 values was very less in field strains as compared to lab strains. Maximum mortality of lab and field collected strains of R. dominica and T. castaneum was obse...
Kadry A. El-Bakry1, Lamiaa E.M. Deef1*, Lotfy Z. Habbak1 and Samia S. El-Naeli2
...ase (AST) activities and significantly increases serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) but decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme. On the other hand, in patuilin injected rats and treated with ginger, the activity of ALT, AST and SOD were improved and level of MDA was decreased significantly. The liver and kidney tissues showed markers of improvement after treatment the patulin rats with ginger. In conclus...
Umer Iqbal1,* and Tariq Mukhtar2
.... phaseolina. Highly significant inhibitory effects of fungicides were recorded on the growth of M. phaseolina. All the fungicides caused significant inhibition of the fungus over control. Maximum individual inhibition of growth of the fungus was recorded with Benomyl (83.89%) followed by Carbendazim (79.11%) at a concentration of 150 ppm. Copper oxychloride at a concentration of 50 ppm gave the minimum inhibition...
Hafrijal Syandri1*, Ainul Mardiah2, Azrita3 and Netti Aryani4

 

...ceral fat index were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by stocking density. The high survival and fast growth rates of gurami sago stocked demonstrated that the synthetic sheet ponds are a viable alternative method as standard ponds for the commercial production of gurami sago.
...

Muhammad Sohail1*, Imtiaz Hussain2, Maqsood Qamar2, Sikander Khan Tanveer2, Syed Haider Abbas2, Zeshan Ali1 and Muhammad Imtiaz3 

.... Wheat genotypes showed significant variation (p<0.05) under both normal and late planting dates. The genotypes showed a strong correlation among canopy temperature, spike sterility and grain yield under both planting dates. The canopy temperature and grain yield correlated negatively under both normal (r2 = -0.943) and late planting (r2 = -0.957). However, the canopy temperature and spike sterility showed strong positive correlations under both normal (r2...

Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz*, Khalil Ahmed, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Faisal Nawaz and Muhammad Sarfraz 

... studied parameters were significantly improved with nitrogen application @ 80 and 100 kg ha-1 in ridge sowing. However, 80 kg N ha-1 in ridge sowing documented maximum economic benefit as compared to other treatments and is suggested as most cost-effective technique for turnip production under moderately salt-affected soils. 

...

Basharat Hussain Shah*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Shams ul Islam, Naveed Ahmed, Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan and Qamar uz Zaman. 

Qaisar Mehmood1*, Maqbool Hussain Sial1, Saira Sharif1, Abid Hussain2, Muhammad Riaz3 and Nargis Shaheen4 

...e year 2017-2026 shows a significant increase in the fisheries production. The proposed ARIMA (2,1,3) model for forecasting is helpful for fish producers, researchers, business men, and planning their resources as well as decision making regarding the export and production of fisheries in Pakistan. 

...

Saleha Ashfaq1, Manzoor Hussain1, Nazish Bibi2, Jan Alam1, Muhammad Junaid2 and Sabi-Ur-Rehman3*

... All the extracts showed significant biological activity against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and selected fungal strains. Acetone, chloroform and methanolic extracts showed maximum activity i-e 39mm, 44mm and 35mm followed by ethyl acetate 27mm and n-hexane 26mm against microorganisms studied. Standard antibiotics were used as a positive control for bacteria and fungi respectively. The cytotoxic assay results showed that methanolic extracts of stem a...
Sameh S. Tawfik, Ahmed A. Elkady* and Ehab T. Mohamed
...t TSE before-irradiation significantly abolish γ-rays-induced alleviation in renal catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (PGx) activities and reduced-glutathione (GSH) content and significantly limited the elevation in serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels when compared to irradiated rat group. The histopathological-findings of renal tiss...
Nurlybay Kazhgaliyev1*, Talgat Kulmagambetov2, Dulat Ibrayev1, Saule Bostanova1 and Zhanat Titanov1
... altered environment can significantly impact the adaptation traits among different animal species.We describe here the rationale and economics of adaptation of Aberdeen Angus and Hereford beef-producing animals brought from Canada and the Netherlands to Northern Kazakhstan. In order to investigate common zootechnic methods, daughters of imported Aberdeen Angus and Hereford cows were grouped at the age of 18-19 months with a live weight of no less than 350 kg....

Muhammad Rehan3, Asim Aslam3, Javeria Umber4, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan3, Waqar Azeem3, Hassan Aftab5, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Abid6, Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hafiz Hasnain Ayoub5, Altaf Hussain2 and Muhammad Farooq Khalid1* 

.... Hypovitaminosis D is a significant risk factor for infectious and non-infectious diseases however its exact mechanism is still unknown, but low levels of vitamin D has been detected in different diseased cases. Recent investigations have reported various cells of body exhibiting vitamin D receptors and CYP27B1 which is capable of converting inactive form vitamin D into biologically active form 1,25(OH)2D3, that important for maintaining immune homeostasis. T...
Monica Paula Marin1, Elena Narcisa Pogurschi1*, Iuliana Marin2 and Carmen Georgeta Nicolae1
... period has determined a significant increase in blood serum calcium during the last week of precalving period, as well as in the calving and postcalving periods, having as consequence fewer recorded milk fever cases. The results obtained can convince the farmers to use volcanic tuff as a food additive in the feeding of dairy cows during the precalving, postcalving and lactation periods, in parallel with ensuring the selenium requirements, because the natural ...
Ahsan Anjum1, Asim Aslam1, Raheela Akhtar1, Tahir Yaqub2,  Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Rizwana Sultan3, Saba Usman1Aneela Zameer Durrani4 and Muhammad Usman4*
Yan-Guo Han, Yu-Qing Han, Jia-Yuan Wu, Jia Guo, Ri-Su Na, Yan Zeng, Guang-Xin E, Yong-Ju Zhao and Yong-Fu Huang*
... lambs in T group showed significantly lower serum SS and higher PRL concentrations than those in the control group, and there were no difference between T group and the control group in terms of serum GH and IGF-1 concentrations. There was a significant negative correlation between offspring lambs serum SS and GH, IGF-1, PRL concentration, and there was a significant positive correlation ...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2
...f feeding trial differed significantly between two groups. It is concluded that camel is a good candidate for feedlot.
...
Jun Zhang, Kui Zhang, Zuozhi Chen*, Yane Jiang, Yancong Cai, Yuyan Gong and Wenming Yu
...he means of b was significantly smaller than 3. There was significant negative linear correlation between lga and b
...

Muhammad Bakhtiar Khan1 and Jangraiz Khan2* 

...t per acre in tunnel was significantly higher than that of without tunnel. All the three vegetables viz tomato, cucumber and bottle gourd gave higher revenue, however tomato gave the highest return. Growing vegetables through tunnel farming involve higher cost in the shape of structure installation and inputs. Tunnel-farming is scientific farming and the growers need to be properly educated and trained. Establishing of cold storage facilities will greatly help...
Haroon1,2, Yu-Feng Meng1, Zahid Khan1, Farzana Perveen2, Muhammad Ather Rafi3, Sayed Waqar Shah4, Xiao-Hong Su1 and Lianxi Xing1,*
... diversity (1/D) is more significant in UC Koaz Bahram Dheri (1/D= 0.1), and Ghandheri (1/D= 0.14). While the minimum Simpson diversity (1/D) recorded from UC Tangi (1/D= 0.41) and UC Hisara Nehri (1/D= 0.31). The maximum individuals were collected from UC Koaz Bahram Dheri (n=144/506), followed by UC Mandani (n=73/506), while the minimum species individuals collected from UC Shodagh (n=32/506) followed by UC Tangi (n=35/506). The present biodiversity study sh...

Anand Kushwaha, Amit Kumar, Aparna Madhavan, Durga Goswami, Golmei Poulinlu and Gnanavel Venkatesan* 

...he globe associated with significant production losses due to high morbidity, high mortality rate and animal trade restrictions. Though several diagnostics including molecular tools are available, recombinant protein based diagnostic assays namely ELISA is safer and robust to handle large sample size and also to minimize labor/time. However, the genus Capripoxvirus encodes putative 147 proteins in their genome, among which some of them are reported as potentia...

Ajmalud Din1*, Munir Ahmad2, Fahad Masoud Watto2, Sheraz Ahmed1, Imtiaz Ali1 and Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah

... for all traits revealed significant differences among genotypes under moisture stress and normal environmental conditions. High variations were recorded for cell membrane stability, relative water content and osmotic adjustment which indicated the suitability of these traits as selection criterion for drought tolerance. Significant association was observed between chlorophyll and proline content. Osmotic adjustment was

Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2*, Muhammad Ajmal2, Taj Ali Khan2, Zia Ul Haq2, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak2 and Abdul Malik2 

...charge variation was not significant (2%) whereas S8 had the highest discharge variation of 38%. Overall the distribution uniformity of tested emitters ranged from 83.84% to 96.67%. Based on the outcome of this study it is suggested that drip emitters should be tested before adoption to ensure uniformity of water application. 

...

Asif Yaseen1, Muhammad Israr2*, Allah Bux Khan1, Ahsan Javed3, Nafees Ahmad4 and Zia Ullah

...f quality issues are the significant determinants of farmers’ reliance on high value marketing channels. To this end, policy makers need to give due consideration to certain exogenous factors such as price expectation, delay of payment, trust in buyer, price fluctuation, and provision of farm services. 

...

Saleem Ashraf1, Raheel Saqib2*, Zakaria Yousuf Hassan3, Muhammad Luqman4 and Abdur Rehman5  

...s production contributes significantly to livelihoods uplift and national economic development. However, the marketing system is criticised for inconsistent supply chain of citrus in Pakistan. This research aimed to bridge the research gap by soliciting intermediaries’ role in the citrus marketing process. Total 120 randomly selected citrus growers were interviewed face to face and collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science...

Yousaf Ali1, Muhammad Zamin1*, Ibadullah Jan1, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Mazhar Hussain3, Fazli Rabbi4 and Muhammad Amin

... compost and mixture has significant effect on shoot height, number of leaves, stem and root length, however stem diameter was significantly affected by compost and non significantly affected by genotypes. As far as the genotypes performance is concerned, genotype money maker showed the best performance for all the agronomic characters providing maximum shoot height (34.07cm), lengthiest r...
Peng Ren1, Xian-Qing Liu1, Chao-Wu Yang2,3, Hua-Rui Du2,3, Xiao-Song Jiang2,3 and Yi-Ping Liu1*
...12316G) were found to be significantly different (P<0.05) between the case and control groups. However, no significant differences were found in the haplotypes of SNP1 and SNP2 (P>0.05). These results suggest that SNP4 (A4812316G) in the 3’-UTR of the MyD88 gene is linked to genetic resistance to Salmonella Pullorum infection and may provide an important reference for the marker-assist...
Muhammad Asif Gondal, Qazal Waheed, Sana Tariq, Waseem Haider, Aisha Khan, Qudsia Rasib and Haroon Ahmed*
...ore number of species. A significant correlation was found between diversity and equitability (Pearson correlation value=0.961, p-value=0.00). Higher the electrical conductivity of soil lower is the diversity of snail. A significant correlation was found between diversity and equitability (Pearson correlation value=0.961, p-value=0.00). Electrical conductivity and pH showed a significan...
Erum Yawar Iqbal1*, Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon1, Shahnaz Dawar2 and Shahina Fayyaz1
...rmulants of EPB produced significant effects on Aphid mortality, change in population density, population reduction and fecundity. Cell-free supernatant of new EPB species Xenorhabdus steinernematis n.sp. strain PAK. CB10 (KU097324) and the other X. indica PAK. S.B.56 (MF521953) resulted in both the highest mortality rate [(94.33±2.05, 100.00±0.00)%] @ 300µl/10ml at 30ºC and the lowest fecundity [(65.00±3.00...
Yun-Feng Liu, Yong-Mei Guan, Dan Chen, Jia-Le Chen, Chen Jin, Wei-Feng Zhu, Lu Wu and Li-Hua Chen*
... with SSE were increased significantly (P<0.05). In the skin and brain, the peak concentration (Cmax) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0→t) of brucine and strychnine in co-administrated with PRAE were decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the Cmax and AUC0→t of paeoniflorin in co-administrated with SSE increased
Chuntao Li1, Hua Liu2, Jianqing Zhang1*, Jiaqiang Zhang1, Luming Dai1, Zhihuan Zhao1,Lizhou Fang1, Ling Liu1, Jingkui Shu1 and Jiagang Feng1
...here was a statistically significant difference between COPD and control group for BMF (p=0.0121), lncRNA RP11-521C20.3 (p<001), CYLD (p=0.003) and lncRNA RP1-85F18.5 (p=0.005). Both the results of microarray analysis and qRT-PCR validation test has showed that lncRNA RP11-521C20.3 (BMF antisense RNA 1, BMF-AS1) significantly decreased, while it’s associated BMF mRNA increased in COPD. Th...
Dilara Abbas Bukhari*, Mehwish Faheem, Shamoona Arshad and Khalid P. Lone
... Kidney LPO and CAT were significantly increased in both male and female mice. GSH level showed decreasing trend in female while increase was observed for male kidney. Creatinine level increased in both male and female experimental groups compared with control. In the light of present results, it was concluded that high daily intake of ghee available in market can cause damage to vital organs like kidney. In general female physiological system seems to be more...
Muhammad Afzal1, Mahroze Fatima2, Aasma Qamar1, Muhammad Farhan1 and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3,*
...rohita juveniles was significantly improved by the supplementation of CA and PHY. Improved (p<0.05) dry mater, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash contents in the muscles and whole body of juveniles in response to CA and PHY supplementations were observed. Again, dietary acidification with CA also improved (p<0.05) the whole-body mineralization. Moreover, PHY pretreatment also resulted in higher (p<0.05) mineral deposition...
Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel
...avioral results showed a significant increase in nonsocial investigation while social investigation and defense activities were decreased significantly. Results indicated that both latencies, to first threat and first attack were increased significantly, while the duration time of flight, number of fights, nasonasal, nasogenital and rears were decreased significant...
Peng Peng1,3, Xiaopeng Tang2*, Dun Deng3, and Rejun Fang1*
...Add GM to the duck diets significant affect the final weight (P<0.05), ADG (P<0.05), FCR (P<0.01), but had no effect on ADFI of ducks (P>0.05). Our results suggest that the GM would be a high quality protein resource in diets for meat ducks.
...

Malak Atiq Ullah Khan1*, Fida Mohammad2, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Sheraz Ahmad2, Mian Ahmad Raza1 and Tariq Kamal

...ank correlation revealed significant positive correlations of AMMI stability value (ASV) with CV, σi2 with Wi, and Wi with CV indicating that these parameters could invariably be used for identifying stable wheat genotypes depending upon the nature of the experiment, breeding material, and the complexity of data. Different stability models identified G-79 as high yielding and stable genotype and thus could be recommended for commercialization in the prov...

Saba1, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Waqar Khalid2* and Saifullah Khan

...ze, and livestock income significantly affect women’s participation; however, women’s age and herd size insignificantly affect women’s inclusion in the livestock farming operations. The findings of this study recommend that the importance of rural women’s involvement in the livestock sector should be identified in federal and provincial government plans and agricultural policy formulations. The study ...

Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehman2*, Farhana Khaliq1, Amar Razzaq3, Mudassar Yasin4, Ghulam Mustafa5, Allah Bakhsh6 and Raheel Saqib7 

...flation has negative and significant effect on export competitiveness of Pakistani basmati. Inflation in trading partner has positive and significant effect on basmati export competitiveness of Pakistan. Exchange rate of Pakistan is negatively affecting the basmati export but exchange rate of trading countries is positively affecting the basmati export of Pakistan. Dummy for Muslims and joint boarder is also positively affec...

Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui1*, Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Ghulam Shah Nizamani1, Shafquat Yasmeen1, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan1, Abdullah Khatri1 and Nighat Seema Soomro2 

...0 seed weight had highly significant correlation with the seed yield of the lentil. It was concluded that the mutants AEL-40/30 and AEL-12/30 have very high yield potential, and these genotypes can be further evaluated for zonal performance in the Sindh province.  

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Tanweer Ahmed1*, Kashif Saeed Khan1, Zilakat Khan Malik1, Fazal Wahid1 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal2 

...at public spending has a significant positive influence on economic growth. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) has been used for investigating the unit root in time series data. Johansen’s Cointegration test and error correction model (ECM) is applied to estimate the long run and the short run relationship amongst the variables. The long-run analyses revealed the existence of a positive relationship among variables. The coefficient of ECM term (-0.389026) was...
Su-Hu Duan, Liu-An Li*, Zai-Qiang Li, Meng-Ran Qin, Zhen-Zhen Fan, Qian Wang, Ke-Yan Zhang, Zhong-Mou Zhang, Bai-Liang Yang and Tian-Ming Jin
...tected. Specifically, no significant difference was found in the content of C14:0~C18:0 (P>0.05). The content of C16:0 in the yolk of both native eggs and ordinary eggs was high; in the yolk of native eggs of the three brands, the content of C14:1 and C16:1 was both significantly higher than that of ordinary eggs (P<0.05); the content of C17:1 in yolk of native eggs of brand A was
Abdüssamet Aydın1 and Ş. Canan Bölükbaşı2*
... parameters. It however, significantly improved feed conversion rate and egg production. Also, egg weights of groups fed on diets including 65 and 130 mg/kg of pennyroyal extract increased in present study. It was found that supplementation of 130 mg/kg pennyroyal extract significantly improved shell strength. TBARS was reduced in eggs stored during 42 days (P<0.05). In conclusion, pennyroyal extract ameliorated performan...
Mingsan Miao*, Hui Zhao, Jiaojiao Jia, Xiaoyan Fang and Yanyan Miao
...ic acid of D. canes have significantly reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in brain tissue and decreased the level of NSE in the serum.Collectively, it was observed that the total phenolic acid can protect the brain tissue by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors, repairing damaged nerve cells and improving the pathological changes of cerebral ischemia, proposing its therapeutic potential in treating such anomalies in future. 
...
Ju Zhang1,2, Dong-Sheng Jia3, Shi-Hao Zhao1,2, Xiao-Liang Xie3, Hong Chen4 and Hai-Feng Li4,*

 

...nd 0.05 mg/ml of the HGQ significantly prolonged the lifespan and reduced the lipofuscin level in N2 nematodes. However, the HGQ failed to influence the pharyngeal pumping rate in N2 nematodes or to affect the lifespan of sir-2.1 mutant nematode VC199, indicating the anti-aging effect of HGQ is independent of calorie restriction pathway. Further experiments showed that the HGQ decreased ROS and MDA contents and increased the survival rate and SOD (not C...
Chen Shi, Jianlong Zhang and Guanghui Teng*
...istics and traits. It is significant for monitoring and understanding the pig growth at different stages effectively. In this study, the experiment adopted a management and data acquisition system based on LabVIEW, which automatically acquired and recorded the body measurements and body weights of 30 pigs during 90-day grower-finisher stage. Three body ratios between two each body measurements showed that the body length and width were the major parts of growt...

Masaud Khan1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Shahab Ahmad2, Asad Ali3, Numan Khan3 and Muhammad Adnan Fahad

...) was found to be highly significant and showed an increasing trend of 7, 25 and 68% with reducing Nitrogen doses. However, the effect on dry-to-fresh weight ratio, plant height, days to 50% flowering, were found to be non-significant. Results indicated that deficit irrigation (I15, I30 and I45) had significant effect (P<0.05) on plant height and NUE. Plant height tends to decrease by 1...

Muhammad Ilyas1*, Sardar Ali Khan1, Shahid Iqbal Awan1, Shafiq-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Riaz Khan2 and Sumaira Hafeez1 

...plot arrangement. Highly significant inbreeding depression was recorded for all traits indicating a dominant type of gene action. Heterosis was high for both crosses along with high inbreeding depression. All these results exhibit that the hybrid breeding is the best option for inbreds to exploit their potential. 

...

Sanaullah1*, Urooba Pervaiz1, Shahid Ali2, Mohammad Fayaz2 and Aftab Khan

... irrigation and HYVs had significant effect, while disease, fertilizer and pesticide had non-significant effect on maize yield. Nevertheless, adoption of recommended technologies were low due to some constraints in the study area out of which low income of the families and lack of required technical knowledge were of major concerns. The results of t-test indicated that higher maize yield was obtained for the respondents who ...
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa, Nadeem Rashid, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Abdul Samad, Tauseef M Asmat and Asad Ullah
... organ weight showed non-significant difference (P>0.05), with numerically higher weight in immune modulator groups. The vitamin E supplemented group had highest HI antibody titers (7.22±0.25, 7.36±0.18 and 6.55±0.38). In experiments 1 and 2, supplementation with immune modulators had significant (P<0.05) effects on total SRBC, IgG and IgM titers. In conclusion, vitamin E showed better immuno-modul...
Sana Aslam1, Wayne Thomas Shier2 and Imran Sajid1*
...lar Kahar Lake harbors a significant diversity of actinobacterial strains which are able to produce a diverse range of biotechnologically and pharmaceutically potent compounds. Further studies related to the structure elucidation of secondary metabolites can lead to the discovery of new and useful drug candidates.
...

Stanley Uchenna Onwudike* and Vivian Chizoba Edoziem 

...boratory. Results showed significant effect (p = 5%) on soil moisture content, soil pH, organic carbon and exchangeable bases between the bulk soil and the rhizosphere. The highest value of saloid bound P (7.77 mg/kg) was found within the bean root zone while the highest value of phosphorus bound to Al (Al - P) (13.27 mg/kg) was found in okra root zone. Highest value of occluded – phosphorus (46.07 mg/kg), Fe -Al–P (40.62 mg/kg) and Ca-P (6.77 mg/k...

Mahfooz Khan* and Himayatullah Khan 

...ead and cooking cost had significant effect on the use of electricity, firewood and natural gas as against animal dung cakes for cooking purpose which was the base category. The study concluded that the use natural gas for cooking was less expensive as compared to other alternative energy sources such as firewood, electricity and animal dung cakes. The study also concluded that family size has negative relationship with the use electricity and firewood while i...
Muneer Abbas1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1 and Sohail Abbas2
...ight having positive and significant correlation with temperature.
...
Jun Yan Bai*, Xiao Hong Wu, Shuai Yang, You Zhi Pang, Heng Cao, Hong Deng Fan, Xue Yan Fu, Kun Peng Shi and Xiao Ning Lu
... giant female quail were significantly higher than those of the Savimite female quail (P<0.05), while only the body weight of the French giant male quail was significantly higher than that of the Savimite male quail (P<0.05). At 5 weeks old, the shank circumference of the French giant female quail was significantly lower than that of the the Savimite female quail (P<0.05).The regr...

Amna Qazi1, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2*, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Shafquat Yasmeen2, Shahla Karim Baloch1, Muharram Ali1, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan2, Sagheer Ahmad3, Muhammad Rashid Nizamani4 and Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui

... as growth medium played significant role in inducing propagation of the sugarcane. Shoots were observed to initiate earliest in NIA-2004, NIA-2012 and NIA-1026-P7 in MS media supplemented with 1.00 mg l-1 IAA + 1.00 mg l-1 Kin + 1.00 mg l-1 BAP and 20 g l-1 sucrose. Regarding number of shoots, shoot length and number leaves of the plantlets, BL4 was seen to produce excellent results in MS media containing 1.00 mg l-1 IAA + 1.00 mg l-1 Kin + 1.00 mg l-1 BAP an...
Jun Yan Bai*, Hong Deng Fan, Shuai Yang, Xue Yan Fu, Heng Cao, Xiao Hong Wu, You Zhi Pang and Kun Peng Shi
...k index of egg quail are significantly correlated with locus B (P<0.05). However, locus A has no significant impacts on egg quality of egg quail (P>0.05).
...
Wen Xiong1,2*, Qitao Zeng2, Dangen Gu1 and Yinchang Hu1*
...s 3.11 (SD =0.30), which significantly higher than 3 (t-test, p<0.05). The median value of b was 3.15 and 50% of the b values ranged between 2.95 and 3.31.
...
Rafia Sadaf1, Ishrat Younus2*, Sidra Maqbool2, Talha Bin Fayyaz3Sarah Jameel Khan1, Sidra Siddique1 and Rida Fatima1
.... 250 and 500 mg/kg, and significant anxiolytic effects were observed as compare to control.
...
Fatima Hashim Abbas1,2* and Alaa Tareq Shakir Al-Hassnawi1
... groups. MDA levels were significantly higher (p≤0.05) in aborted women with T. gondii compared to negative control. MDA levels were also significantly higher (p≤0.05) among aborted women with Cytomegalo virus compared to negative and positive control groups. All aborted women had significantly higher levels of TAC levels (p≤0.05) compared to the control groups. However, ca...
Mubashra Salim1, Omeira Ibrahim1, Hugo Vilhena2,3,4, Carla Maia5, André Pereira5, Maria Shahzeen1, Shabana Kalsoom1, Asim K. Mahmood6 and Furhan Iqbal1*
...inutum infection was significantly higher during summer months than during the winter season (P ≤ 0.01 in both agents). Cats older than one year of age were significantly more predisposed to C. Mycoplasma haemominutum infection than younger cats (P ≤ 0.001), and fever manifestation was significantly associated with M. haemofelis infection (P ≤ 0.001) in enrolled ...
Ahsan Numan1,4, Khadija Irfan Khawaja2, Abdul Basit Qureshi3Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf4, Imtiaz Rabbani4, Hafsa Zaneb5 and Habib Rehman4*
... showed that the DSP was significantly associated with age of the patients (OR:1.40, CI:1.24-1.67), duration of DMT2 (OR:1.24, CI: 1.01-1.35), HbA1c (OR:1.86, CI:1.61-2.05), blood fastening sugar level (OR:1.37, CI: 1.18-1.51) and triglyceride concentrations (OR:1.13, CI: 1.02-1.33). In conclusion, the DSP was considerably higher in DMT2 patients and was significantly associated with age of patients, duration of D...
Veli Sel1, Isa Yilmaz2,* and Mete Yanar3
...the SCC were found to be significant (P <0.001). SCC value (65.930 ± 2.484 cells/ml) was found to be the lowest when the milker is the person from the household. The udder cleaning before milking was a significant factor (P <0.001), SCC was 66.330±2.570 cells/ml for the producers that applied hygiene and was 125.860±9.500 cells/ml for the ones that did not. Season was determined to be
Saeed Murtaza1, Abdul Sattar1*, Nasim Ahmad1, Muhammad Ijaz2Maqsood Akhtar3 and Muhammad Shahzad4
... Moreover, there was non-significant effect (P>0.05) of treatment on cervix, uterine body, non-gravid and gravid horn at involution among three groups when these attained non pregnant size. Regarding progesterone, it remained non-significant (P>0.05) throughout postpartum period among treatments. Furthermore, milk composition results showed that fat, protein, lactose, freezing point, SNF and solids were
Ahmet Ozer Sehirli1,2, Serkan Sayiner3*, Ayliz Velioglu-Ogunc4, Nedime Serakinci5, Emel Eksioglu-Demiralp6, Berrak Yegen7, Feriha Ercan8 andGoksel Sener2
...tathione (GSH) levels. A significant difference was determined between the CRF group and the control group with regard to heart rate, blood pressure, serum creatinine, BUN, LDH, cytokines and urinary electrolyte levels. Furthermore, monocyte and neutrophil apoptosis, tissue luminol, lucigenin, malondialdehyde and collagen levels were found to increase. Tissue glutathione levels were found to decrease indicating oxidative damage. These results indicate that oxi...
Babar Khan1,2 *, Nazir Javed1, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1, Muhammad Atiq1, Abdul Jabbar1, Abdul Rehman3, Anam Moosa1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*
...i>S. kraussei showed significantly higher larval mortality of insect larvae followed by 15°C and 10°C. Effect of storage time of EPN culture was studied on insect’s larvae and results showed that 2-week-old culture was more efficient as compared to 4- and 6-week-old cultures in reproduction. The larvae weight of 0.5 g was best option in comparison to 0.25 g for the reproduction of S. kraussei. The results conclude that S. kraussei <...
Weigeng Wen1,2,3, Xu Chen1,2,3, Wang Zhao1,2,3, Qibin Yang1,2,3, Jian G. Qin4 and Zhenhua Ma1,2,3,*
...ale P. monodon is significantly related to bodyweight with a desirable size of 85-120 g as female broodstocks.
...
Ertuğrul Kul*
... studies will contribute significantly to the researches in this direction in these herds.
...
Sumaira Akram1, Sajid Aleem Khan1*, Nazir Javed1 and Saeed Ahmad2
...valuated that was varied significantly at different concentration of chemicals, bio control agents and plant extracts. Among chemicals, cartap was most effective with lowest egg hatching and among biocontrol agents Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson (PL) produced highest egg hatching while, Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (TH) caused lowest egg hatching. In plant extracts the highest egg hatching was recorded in clove at S concentration and lowest ...
Jiao Qin,Qian-Qian Su and Quan-Sheng Liu* 
...treated with cabergoline significantly increased at day 24, but there were no notable changes in the uteri regardless dosage and time. PRL in female rats treated by 50 µg/kg cabergoline significantly was decreased by 56% at day 7 compared with the control. However, estradiol (E2)in rats treated with 50 µg/kg cabergoline was higher than that in control group at day 24, and progesterone (P) secretion was...

Asmaa A. Darwish 

...tatistically analyzed. A significant (P< 0.05) microcytic hypochromic anemia was observed in the PG and AG while, EG suffered from a macrocytic hyperchromic anemia. On contrast, a neutrophilic leukocytosis and lymphocytopenia was described in the three diseased groups. Biochemically, a significant (P< 0.05) increase in total protein, globulin, liver enzymatic activities, kidney function tests, total lipids, triglycerid...

Shazia Mansoor1, Muhammad Sohail2*, Saima Aslam3 and Muhammad Nauman ul Islam4 

...ily changes of ewes were significantly higher in group B (1.73±0.13 kg/week) followed by group A (1.22±0.07 kg/week) and group C (0.85±0.03 kg/week). The similar pattern was found for birth weight of lambs (group B > group A > group C). Least growth rate of lambs was observed in group C (0.46±0.02) followed by group A (0.75±0.042) and B (0.94±0.06). The effect of different level of diets was
Riffat Sultana1, Nuzhat Soomro1,*, Santosh Kumar2, Ahmed Ali Samejo1 and Samiullah Soomro1
...;0.30 mm respectively is significantly greater than that of Oxya fuscovittata, Oxya hyla hyla and Oxya bidentata. It was observed that the egg-pod is full of eggs without any empty space. There are more eggs at the base and their number decreased towards the top. The major hatching occur within few weeks i.e., 57.43 to 100% in Oxya velox from June to August but mostly in the month of June, 76.85% to 100% in O. hyla hyla from ...
Aouicha Djebroune1*, Aissa Mokabli1, Miloud Hammache2 and Gahdab Chakali2
...logram of soil increased significantly in the variety Desiree compared to the initial population. A significant decrease was noticed in the variety Kondor. However, the variety Spunta did not show significance between the final and initial nematodes population. The effect of these nematodes on the tuber yield of various potato varieties was also studied. Variety Kondor produced the best yield while Desiree gave the least. Th...
Zhi Yi Jin and Shao Ming Qin*
...ge (P=0.001) were significantly greater than in control plots. Principal component analysis showed that safety factors (vegetation cover on both banks, distance to a mine factory and river width) were the three most important habitat factors, indicating that Scaly-sided Merganser had high requirements for shelter and safety. Twenty two species of fish belonging to eight families and three orders were identified in foraging areas of the Scaly-sided Merga...
Godwin Ikechukwu Ngwu1*, Maria Ifeyinwa Ngwu2, Fabian Chukwuemenam Okafor1, Aruh Ottah Anaga3 and Christopher Didigwu Nwani1
...ependent mortalities and significant differences (P<0.05) in the mean percentage mortality between the laboratory-reared and field-collected Aedes mosquitoes. The mortality rate due to the extract was found to be less in the field collected A. aegypti (LC50 = 2.81 ± 0.14; LCI = 2.55; UCI = 3.11) than the laboratory-reared ones (LC50=1.24±0.09; LCI = 1.07; UCI = 1.43) after 24 h exposure. The median larvicida...
Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Gul Bahar Khaskheli3, Allah Jurio Khaskheli2 and Arshad Ali Khaskheli1
...es (93.63%) recorded significantly high, and in Trifolium alexandrinum it was low, while moisture content appeared vice versa to dry matter. Organic matter contents in Senegalia senegal (94.05%) followed by Calligonum polygonoides (93.80%) and Acacia jacquemontii (92.45%) appeared considerably high. Capparis deciduas (22.41%) and Suaeda fruticosa (21.21%) both possessed relatively similar crude protein contents and...
Jiantong Feng, Xueping Wen, Yahong Guo, Yingying Ye*, Jiji Li and Baoying Guo
...d that ZS population was significant divergence from other four populations, and no significant genetic divergence among WZ, ZP, ST and ZJ populations. Moreover, results from the median-joining network, plot of STRUCTURE and the UPGMA trees were similar to pairwise Fstvalues. Results from AMOVA indicated that the genetic variation of M. lamarckii populations was mainly from the variation within popul...
Housh Muhammad Solangi1, Javaid Ali Gadahi1*, Mansoor Tariq2, Bachal Bhutto1Zubair Ahmed Laghari1, Jamila Soomro3, Taufeeq Ahhmed Khosa1 and Abdullah G Arijo1
... that egg production was significantly reduced as 75.06%, 76.36% and 57.01 % respectively in vaccinated group as compared to positive control at 3rd, 4th and 5th week of immunization. Impact of the HcCP on haemoglobin level was also evaluated. After second week of infection significant difference (P<0.05) was found between the negative and positive control. However no
Yunfang Tian, Zeqin Fu, Jiantong Feng, Yahong Guo, Yingying Ye*, Jiji Li and Baoying Guo
...frequency and showed non-significantly divergence. The results provided insights that the Yangtze diluting water and the ocean currents system resulted in the reduction of gene exchange from north to south during the spawning period and expanded the genetic divergence of M. meretrix between north and south samples. We believed that the results could provide genetic insights for fisheries management to plan the fisheries policy of M. meretrix and ...
Lei Gao1, Gong-xue Jia2, Zheng-yuan Huang1, Ming-xing Yue3, Chao Zhang1, Shi-en Zhu1 and Xiang-wei Fu1,*
...Polar body extrusion was significantly delayed in aged mice (P < 0.05), however the rate of polar body extrusion was similar to that of young mice at 16 h of IVM. Moreover, PN formation of parthenogenetic embryo was significantly delayed in aged mice (P < 0.05). Afterward the two groups obtained similar results with respect to the percentages of activated oocytes, 2-cell embryos and blastocysts. The cytoplasmic maturat...
Seval Dernekbasi* and Emin Karatas
...ble oil blend (CSFO) had significantly higher concentrations of n-6 fatty acids, predominantly in the form of linoleic (LA, 18:2n-6c) and oleic acid (OA, 18:1n-9c), while n-3 fatty acids were present in significantly higher concentrations in the FO group. The fatty acid composition of rainbow trout fillet reflected the dietary lipid source. Fillet of fish fed by the FO diet had highest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) an...
Muhammad Yahya1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Khurram Shehzad2, Muhammad Luqman3 and 
Sher Muhammad Shahzad2
...nd soil properties had a significant impact on the population abundance of springtails and mites. Agricultural soils harbored maximum abundance of both microarthropods followed by orchard land-use types, while minimum arthropod abundance was recorded for soils under natural land-use types. Similarly, maximum and minimum arthropod captures were recorded during spring and autumn seasons, respectively. Moreover, population dynamics of springtails and mites had a ...
Asim Faraz*
...le and female calves was significantly increased (P<0.05) in IMS as 80.8±2.7, 77.8±2.7 kg and 0.67±0.02, 0.65±0.02 kg/d than EMS as 64.7±2.6, 52.3±2.6 kg and 0.54±0.02, 0.44±0.02 kg/d of male and female calves. Intake of crop residues (P<0.05) was found to be 6.9±0.45 and 6.4±0.45 kg/d in male and female calves, respectively in IMS and 3.5±0.23 for male and female calves both in...

Saima Sharif*, Farkhanda Manzoor, Tasnim Farasat, Shaugfta Naz and Raheela Tabasum 

...nts with stroke was 63%, significantly higher (p<0.05) than in controls. Moderate to severe reduction of eGFR in patients with ischemic stroke indicated renal impairment and kidney dysfunction. The risk of first ever ischemic stroke increases with low eGFR. 

...

Muhammad Asif Farooq1*, Muhammad Jalal Arif1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi1, Bilal Atta2 and Ahmad Nawaz

...all the modules showed a significant difference in pest population reduction of Bactrocera spp., Drosicha mangiferae and Idioscopus clypealis. Although, pesticide contamination was higher in PRMM-1, however PRMM-2 was found best module when compared in terms of pest population reduction (90.79%), average yield and cost-benefit ratio (1:63.28). Conclusively, the pesticide residues can be minimized by applying different control measures with proper integration.&...
Bo Gao1,2, Fengmei Yang3, Wei Chen2, Xiaojia Song4, Xiaobo Liu5 and Dongmin Li1*
...imes, were statistically significant. The level of tumor markers at 6 months after operation was significantly lower than that before operation in recurrent/non-recurrent and MDR1 positive/MDR1 negative group. There was a significant correlation between MDR1 expression and tumor markers (CA125 and CA153), regardless of whether recurrence was involved in PEOC and breast cancer. Multivariate...
Ali Asghar1*, Tariq Mukhtar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Asim Gulzar2
...of shoot and root varied significantly as a result of both the pathogens applied singly and in combinations. The reductions in these parameters were significantly higher when both the pathogens were applied simultaneously as compared to their sole applications. Similarly, at higher inoculum densities, the reductions were the maximum in all these parameters. Significant variations were obse...
Peimin Yang*, Zongyun Hu, Yixin Liu, Guanghai Jin and Lei Wang
...AMOVA analysis indicated significant genetic differentiation among populations (Fst=0.3202, P<0.01) and 68.98% of the total variation was resulted from intra-population differentiation. Pairwise Fst statistics also confirmed the presence of significant differentiation between populations, although no significant differentiation between Panjin a...
Wenping Hu1, Xiangyu Wang1, Xiaodi Sun2, Ran Di1, Qiuyue Liu1, Zhangyuan Pan1, Xiaofei Guo1, Xiaohan Cao1, Jinyu Wang2, Yingjie Zhang3, Mei Jin4, Yuze Yang5 and Mingxing Chu1*
...ely. Although there were significant differences of C327T/G1803A genotype distributions in five different sheep breeds, it did not relate with the year-round estrus. The relationship between these polymorphisms of TAC3 and the litter size of Small Tail Han sheep was not found.
...
Larysa Kladnytska1, Anatoliy Mazurkevych1, Natalia Bezdieniezhnykh2Oleg Melnyc1, Sergiy Velychko3, Mykola Malyuk1, Vasyl Danilov1Yuriy Kharkevych1 and Magdalena Gryzinska4*
...d stem cells culture was significantly greater at the IVth passage – 1.90±0.02, compared to cells the Xth passage – 1,52±0,04 ** (P <0.01). DADSCs at the IVth passage are characterized by a maximum level of expression of pan cytokeratin – 299 ± 0.6, actin – 299 ± 0,58, vimentin – 265,7 ± 20,7, E-cadherin – 298,3 ± 1 points, indicating that this cel...

Amjad Usman1*, Arshad Khan1, Ruidar Ali Shah2 and Toheed Iqbal3 

... that genotypes differed significantly in response to S. dorsalis populations. S. dorsalis infestation started on April 3rd and peak population (11.73+0.55) was noted on May 1st on Bambino then population declined in the proceeding weeks, no S. dorsalis were recorded after June 22nd. In general, Roma supported lowest no. (4.16±0.23) of S. dorsalis plant-1 and Riogrande supported the highest (4.89±0.25) S. dorsalis plant -1 and were found comparat...

Saima Asad1*, Irfan Ahmad Baig2, Abdul Saboor3 and Rashid Mahmood

...ones of Punjab because a significant improvement in education and health sector has been observed over time and also population access toward basic housing services also increases that minimize the deprivation gap between upper and lower quintile population. Inequality in shorter span of time decline at minimal level but in longer span of time a substantial decline in is perceived. Finally, at districts level both uni-dimensional and multidimensional inequalit...

Bahadar Sher Khattak1, Muhammad Kaleem1, Waqas2*, Humaira Naz1 and Muhammad Yasir

... Overall, this study has significant association between the socioeconomic development of small farmers and micro-credit intervention of CMP. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that micro-credit facilities should be provided to all farmers under any prospective agriculture projects to achieve optimum results in farmers’ farm productivity. 

...

Muhammad Zeeshan Nazar*, Ayyan Umer, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar, Faiz Ullah Faiz and Sikandar Hussain 

...arch showed that THC was significantly increased at 1st and 2nd day i.e., 5128/ml and 5704/ml as compared to control 3047/ml, respectively. Afterwards, THC were rapidly decreased and THC were recorded 1928/ml (3rd day) and 344/ml (4th day). The results also exhibited the morphological changes of silkworm i.e., infected larva fully filled with B. thuringiensis spores with flaccid body and haemolymph liquid impelled leading to mortality. Provide the required tem...
Jing Zhang1,2, Xin Wang2, Yun Zhao2, Yongcheng Jin2, Yongfeng Zhou2, Junmei Wang2, Yurong Fu2, Rui Wang2, Ruihua Li2, Hengtong Fang2 and Hao Yu2,*
...crosis factor (TNF) were significantly downregulated. The mRNA expression levels of mucosal β-defensin, regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha (Reg3a), regenerating islet-derived protein 3 beta (Reg3β) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels were significantly increased. The interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) level was decreased. 16s RNA sequencing further indicated that the colonic microflora had changed, esp...
Xuhui Zhang1, Zhiyuan Sun2, Jinfeng Cai1, Guibin Wang1, Zunling Zhu1, Linguo Zhao3 and Fuliang Cao1,*
... (LD) for FR groups were significantly decreased. Birds had significantly higher water holding capacity (WHC) when they were provided with the FR3 diet. Moreover, serum glutathione (GSH) and α-tocopherol (α-TOH) contents in the FR groups were increased, while, levels of total cholesterol (TC), malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FR groups were ...
Dongping Liu1, Guogang Zhang1, Chao Wang2, Baoping Qing2 and Jun Lu1,*
... wild, which resulted in significantly higher probability of re-nesting. The phenotypic plasticity in crested ibis may play important role in future reintroduction of this critically endangered species under a changing environment.
...

Aftab Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Asim Khan1, Muhammad Waqas1 and Sufyan Ullah Khan2 

...r and FYM positively and significantly affected yield of maize. Average technical efficiency was predicted to be 0.68 ranging from 0.31 to 0.91; implies that an average maize farm can increase yield by 33 percent with existing technology. Technical inefficiency effect model identified that education and farming experience has negative and significant effect on farmers’ inefficiency. It is recommended that maize farmers...

Rehman Ullah Khan* and Muhammad Ayub 

...hs. The results revealed significant decline in pH from 4.51 to 3.47, ascorbic acid from 120.42 to 51.48 mg/100gm, total phenolic content from 32.43 to 11.47mg gallic acid equivalents/100g and antioxidant capacity from 76.02 to 33.23TE/100g while significant increase was observed in total soluble solids from 5.05 to 6.210Brix, total acidity from 0.62 to 1.11 during six months storage. Decline was revealed by all samples in s...
Naseeb Ullah1, Assad Ur Rehman1, Aamir Khan1, Rabia Noushin2Shahid Naiz Khan1, Syed Ishtiaq Anjum1, Sajida Afzal1, Asma Naseem1Kenza Javed1, Ujala Rauf1 and Kalim Ullah1*
...2% in large ruminants. A significant difference in sero-positivity was observed in small, young and adult of both small and large ruminants. The sero-positivity was highest in adult animals (20.33% in small ruminants and 13.63% in large ruminants) followed by young animals (15.45% small ruminants and 12.5% large ruminants). FMD viral activity both in small and large ruminants were high in the month of December (20% small ruminants and 16% large ruminants) foll...
Yan-Guo Han, Jia-Yuan Wu, Ri-Su Na, Wei-Jiang Si, Yu-Qin Han, Yan Zeng, Yong-Ju Zhao and Yong-Fu Huang*
...trong antibody response, significantly suppressed testosterone secretion and reduced scrotal circumference and testis weight. It also significantly reduced the concentrations of 4-methyloctanoic acid and 4-methylnonanoic acid in adipose tissue. These findings indicated that immunisation of oral and plasmid-injected KISS1 DNA vaccines can effectively suppress testosterone secretion, testis growth and mutton odour, and ...

Pushpa1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Shahla Karim Baloch2, Mehmooda Buriro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Muhammad Tahir Khan3, Qamar Uddin Jogi1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1 and Farheen Deeba Soomro1 

...ductivity and quality is significantly impaired by weeds’ infection which compete for water, nutrients and sunlight. This study was conducted to determine the allelopathic effect of weed species on germination and seedling traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Wheat varieties Amber and TJ83 were subjected to powder of Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis and Avena fatua under three different treatments i.e. 25, 50 and 75g. The effect of these weed p...

Saeed Ahmed Shah Chishti1, Saba Aleem1*, Iram Sharif2, Kashif Nadeem1, Nusrat Parveen1 and Muhammad Najeebullah1 

... and fruit diameter were significantly improved by the application of 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid. Highest yield per plant 13.50 kg was recorded with the application of 75 ppm in 4- chlorophenoxy acetic acid twicely when the minimum temperature was ranged between 12.5-23°C. Likewise, maximum yield per plant 7.08 kg was also obtained with the same treatment when the minimum temperature was between 2-7.5°C. This gain was primarily due to increased yield ...

Noor-us-Sabah1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Sher Muhammad

...tus and biomass of wheat significantly increased by incorporation of full dose of press mud, poultry manure and compost. 

...

Attique Ahmed1, Tariq Sultan1, Ghulam Qadir2, Obaid Afzal2*, Mukhtar Ahmed5, Shamim-Ul-Sibtain Shah3, Muhammad Asif4, Safdar Ali2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood

...+ PSB at 75% (T5 and T7) significantly increased chlorophyll content, no. of leaves, plant height, ear leaf area, ear inter nodes girth, flag leaf area over T1 in pot experiment. Similarly, the inoculation of PGPR + PSB with T2 and in combination with T1 also at 75% of recommended NP significantly increased chlorophyll content, no. of leaves, plant height, ear leaf area, ear inter nodes girth, flag leaf area over control in ...

Fazli Ahad1, Raziuddin1, Nazir Ahmad1,2*, Muhammad Nauman1, Touheed Iqbal3, Nabeel Khan1, Fazli Hameed4 and Quaid Hussain2 

...3 population also showed significant differences for all the studied traits except primary branches plant-1 and pods main raceme-1, which revealed non-significant differences. Among parents DH4, DH5 performed better for seed yield plant-1 (15.2 g), seeds pod-1 (23.7), respectively, while DH8 showed better performance for pods main raceme-1 (76.6), pod length (7.7 cm) and 1000-seed weight (7.3 g). Cross combinations CA5 &time...

Rehman Ali Keerio1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui2, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Maryum Siddiqui4, Hajra Khan3 and Farheen Deeba Soomro

...il. Hence, it can play a significant role for fulfilling the Pakistan’s oil needs. This study was conducted to identify the optimum foliar zinc (Zn) supplement for sunflower variety HO-1. The experiment was conducted at field of Oil Seeds Section, Agriculture Research Institute (ARI), Tandojam, Sindh using RCBD design with three replications. The maximum plant height (203.33 cm), stem girth (11.67 cm), head diameter (19.71 cm), number of seeds head-1 (13...

Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Naimatullah Leghari2, Muhammad Ibrahim Keerio3, Ahmed Naqi Shah1 and Musrat Begum Abro1 

...lysis of data revealed a significant effect of seed priming, geometry, varieties, and their interactions on sunflower growth and yield components. The highest seed yield (kg ha-1) and oil content (%) were reported for seed primed with 0.2% ZnSO4, followed by seeds primed with 1.0% Urea. In case of planting geometry, the maximum seed yield (kg ha-1) and oil content (%) were noticed under planting geometry of 85 x 20 cm, followed by 75 x 25 cm. The variety HO-1 ...
Qaisra Siddique1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3

 

...ed that GST level varied significantly with duration. The GST level was raised in first 28 days after that it was dropped off up to 56-day. The trend of GST in fish tissues was observed as muscle<heart<brain<kidney<gills< liver. However, TPCs in selected tissues of stressed fishwas lower significantly as compared to control. 
Mubashar Hussain1*, Misbah Younas1,Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Umar1, Maimoona Kanwal1, Moazama Batool2
...uot;;">Dung beetles play significant role in the ecosystems by nutrient recycling and waste removal. The study was conducted to explore the distributional patterns of dung beetle assemblages on local scales. The sampling was accomplished by surveying grassy fields, croplands, old dung piles and fresh dung pats from selected localesofSialkot during 2016. Specimens were collected by hand picking and cattle dung baited pitfall traps. Sixteen species representing ...
Muhammad Sarmad, Syed Muhammad Zaka* and Syed Muhammad Tahir Abbas Shah
...mean number of eggs) was significantly highestin case of G. hirsutum (16.33±0.88)as compared to A. esculentus (11.67±0.67) and H. annuus (6.67±0.33). Biology and bionomic study on different hosts will help the researchers make IPM strategies.
...
Wen Qin1,2, YanGan Huang1, Lei Wang1, Gonghua Lin1, Jundong Yang1,2, Pengfei Song1,2, Hongmei Gao1,2, Jingjie Zhang1,2 and Tongzuo Zhang1,3,*
...er and winter, there are significant differences in microbiota community structures according to Amova (SS=0.3871; MS=0.387; Fs=6.856; P<0.001**). In winter, goitered gazelle must face cold weather as well as shortages in water and forage. To survive in a harsh environment, the relative abundance of Bacteroides, which enhances host metabolism of saccharides, increases significantly. In addition, water re...
Weihao Chen1,2, Zhilong Tian2, Lin Ma2, Shangquan Gan3, Wei Sun1,4,* and Mingxing Chu2,*
...s, and adrenal gland was significantly higher in Sunite sheep than in Small Tail Han sheep (p <0.05, p <0.01); the expression of BMP15 in the epididymis was significantly higher in Sunite sheep than in Small Tail Han sheep (p <0.01); the expression of GDF9 in the cerebellum and vas deferens was significantly higher in Small Tail Han sheep than in...

Jie Yang

...atistically to determine significantly differences among groups. Results showed that breakpoint cluster 2 was a direct target of miR-16, and the expression was negatively correlated. Moreover, miR-16 promoted apoptosis suppressing breakpoint cluster 2 through phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase. The study validates miR-16 as a tumour suppressor gene in papillary thyroid cancer cells, and revealed a novel mechanism of miR-16-mediated apoptosis thr...

Peer Sikandar Shah1, Ghulam Nabi1, Maqsood Khan*1,2, Saddam Hussain1 and Jawad Ali Jan1

...rus and Potassium play a significant role in the plant growth and development such as nitrogen support the vegetative parts of the plant and phosphorus have significant role in the development of the root and also producing the energy by forming ATP and potassium encourage carbohydrates metabolism, enzymes establishment and osmotic regulation This experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar d...

Amjad Ali1*, Lal Almas2, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Hina Fatima3 and Asim Khan1  

...were found statistically significant. Therefore, based on findings, it is recommended that in order to encourage growers to apply optimal amount of these inputs and avoid uncertainty in returns, an effective system need to be put in place where cost of production might be considered while fixing sugarcane price. Also, there is need to keep experienced farmers involved in sugarcane production, because of positive relationship between grower’s experience a...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Annamaria Passantino2, Ayman Balla Mustafa3, Nasir Ali Tauqir4, Naeem Ullah Khan5, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel6
...lt;0.05) was found to be significantly different as 16.4±0.14 and 16.8±0.09 (g/dL) with G1 and G2, respectively. The concentration levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, albumin, total-protein, glucose, Ca and P were found significantly (P<0.05) varied among groups. Regarding hair mineral profile, concentrations of Cu and Mn were found non-significantly (P...

Anila Kousar, Muhammad Naeem* and Samrah Masud 

...wever, body size yielded significant influence on total ash, protein and organic content while remained non-significant (P>0.05) with fat content in T1, T2 and T3. The correlation between condition factor and percent water, ash, protein and organic content was found constant with all the three diets. However, % fat yielded least significant correlation in T2 with condition factor but in...
Salahud Din1,*, Saima Masood1, Hafsa Zaneb1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saima Ashraf1, Imad Khan3, Muqader Shah4 and Syed Abdul Hadi1
...d not show statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between male and female adult Chinkara except palatine bone, OI, DO, IOCDE, OCT, ICW, IPCW, and PCPL were significantly higher (p>0.05) in male than female Chinkara and mean values of the mandibular parameters except b and h were significantly (p< 0.5) higher in male than female Chinkara. Sexual dimorphism exist in some of ...

Rabia Iqbal, Muhammad Naeem*, Samrah Masud and Abir Ishtiaq 

...hile T2 and T3 showed no significant correlation. All (T1, T2, T3) feeds showed no relation between % water and % ash (wet and dry). All (T1, T2, T3) feeds observed highly significant correlation between body weight and water content. Investigation of body size on total body composition parameters revealed generally in different feeds an increasing trend in total protein, total ash and total organic content, while a decreasi...

Muhammad Safdar Hussain1*, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz2, Muhammad Ayyoub Tanvir2 and Noor-E-Hira

...at the control level but significantly reduced (40%) at 50% stress while in T. aphylla less difference (52%-44%) was found in RWC. There was no significant difference found in diameter in both species. Though E. Camaldulensis could survive the periodic drought spells, however, the performance of T. aphylla was found better in this study. Consequently, research work is necessary to study Eucalyptus camaldulensis genetically a...

Mubashir Mehdi1*, Muhammad Bilal Ahsan1, Burhan Ahmad1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2, Gulnaaz Hameed3 and Muhammad Asif4 

...come and was reported as significant. The study concludes that social upgrading of workers has implications and potential for economic upgrading of value chain system in terms of premium quality products, decent employment conditions and improved income. 

...

Cornelius Arome Omatola*, Samson Daniel Iyeh, Shedrach James Abuh, Charles Kehinde Mofolorunsho, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo and Phoebe Queen Akoh 

...cers and trimesters were significantly related to a higher predisposition to STIs. Conclusively, a high prevalence of STIs was observed among asymptomatic pregnant women in the study area. Our findings highlight a concern with economic consequences. Hence intervention programs including comprehensive screening of pregnant women with increased access to health care and treatment of confirmed cases at an affordable cost should be promoted to reduce STIs thereby ...
Min Lv1, Hui Gan2, Zhide Ruan1, Huizan Yang1, Rui Wang1, Laiba Shafique3, Huma Naz4 and Huawei Ma1,
...tion increased, and were significantly higher in intestines than in other tissues. The Cd, Cr, and Hg concentrations in suspended particles and sediment increased significantly as time elapsed and feed increased. The Cd, Cr, and Hg concentrations in the intestinal systems increased as fish grew. Strong correlations were found between heavy metal concentrations in the intestine contents and suspended particles; intestine cont...
Daniel Masood1, Noor Khan1*, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Sadaf Dogar1, Abdul Hanan1, Sadia Nazir1, Sheeza Bano1, Azra Anwar2, Sameul A.M. Martin3  and Chris J. Secombes3
Bin Huo1 and Xiaoyun Shen1,2,3*
...m affected pastures were significantly lower than those from healthy areas (P<0.01) and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus (Ca:P) in affected herbages was 13.16:1. Phosphorus contents of blood and hair from the affected animals were also significantly lower than those from healthy animals (P<0.01). Serum alkaline phosphatase values from affected Tibetan gazelles were significant

Khalid Khan* and Guo Xiangyu 

...cally efficient and have significant potential for technical efficient rice production. Therefore, there is a great potential to increase the per acre productivity of a typical farmer in the district to a greater extent by achieving the technical efficiency. Moreover, the additional amount of rice obtained with help of technical efficiency improvements can also spur the average income of family to escape them from absolute poverty. Furthermore, the results of ...
Urosevic Milivoje1, Matejevic Milosava2*, Drobnjak Darko1 and Ozkanal Umit3
... there are statistically significant differences between three sub-populations of Tazi, one with a format index greater than 100, the other with a format index less than 100 and third with a format index equal to 100. Such results are significant for setting the official breed standard in which the proportions of the body characteristic of this breed should be emphasized.
...
Aamir Mushtaq1,2, Rukhsana Anwar1 and Mobasher Ahmad1,2,* 
...s (34.16 ± 2.01), significant (P < 0.001) elevation in superoxide dismutase (17.36 ± 0.49 U/mg), catalase (1.42 ± 0.05 U/mg) glutathione (37.56 ± 1.89 μ mol/mg) and reduction in malondialdehyde (7.83 ± 0.21 n mol/mg) level was observed in group receiving 800mg/kg of mep.a as compared to amnesic group. Pimpinella anisum
Yan Xu1, Jia Zhou1, Guangfu Lv2, Yuexin Liu1, Xintong Zhao1, Xin Li1, Doudan Ye2, Xiaobo Qu1,* and Xiaowei Huang1*
... blot. We found that PAP significantly increased cell viability after DOX-induced injury, reduced LDH, CK-MB levels, up-regulated Bcl-2 expression and down-regulated Bax expression levels. In addition, PAP can delay cell G2/M phase arrest, reduce apoptosis, significantly reduce TGF-β1 protein levels and Smad2, Smad3, ERK phosphorylation levels. These results suggest that PAP can protect DOX-induced H9c2 damag...
Alicja Kowalczyk1, Marian Kuczaj2, Anna Szul3 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska4*
... mL of the GnRH analogue significantly (P <0.05) improved the percentage of live spermatozoa compared to the control group. Samples with supplemented of 2 i 4 µg/mL of buserelin has a significant positive influence on percentage of motile sperm, progressive motility and DNA damage. Improving the quality of frozen semen due to the use of GnRH analogue additive (buserelin acetate) for bovine semen and its low c...

Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehman2*, Iftikhar Nabi3, Amar Razzaq4, Raheel Saqib5, Allah Bakhsh6, Muhammad Mohibullah7 and Muhammad Luqman

...akistan has negative and significant effect on basmati export but exchange rate of trading partner has positive and significant effect on basmati export of Pakistan to its trading partner. The inflation in Pakistan has negative and significant effect on basmati exports from Pakistan to its trading partner. If Pakistan wants to improve its export value of basmati rice, there must be an effe...
Imran Khan1, Muhammad Nawaz1,*, Aftab Ahmad Anjum1, Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad2, Adnan Mehmood1, Masood Rabbani1, Amina Mustafa1 and Muhammad Asad Ali1
...IKP23, IKP111 and IKP333 significantly improved villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio as compared to positive control. D-xylose absorption was also enhanced in groups administered with probiotics. It is concluded that IKP23, IKP111 and IKP333 may improve gut morphometric parameters and absorption capacity of broiler challenged with S. enteritidis which insinuate for their possible role in efficient broiler production.
...
Sajjad Ali1,*, M. Irfan Ullah2, Asif Sajjad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2, M. Aslam Farooqi1, M. Shahid Rizwan3, Qaiser Shakeel4, Sohail Akhter1,Muhammad Raheel4 and Muhammad Arshad2
... of the adults were also significantly better when larvae were fed on gram. The relative growth rate (RGR) and relative consumption rate (RCR) values were the maximum (2.09 mg/mg/day and 10.14 mg/mg/day, respectively) in individuals fed on gram. Therefore, the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) was the highest (70.65%) in gram feeding as compared to other host plants. The areas of fore and hind wings (0.98 cm2 and 0.79 cm2) a...

Asmaa Abdallah Darwish 

...this work demonstrated a significant (P< 0.05) decrease in vitamin E, A, D3 and C concentrations in inflammatory diseases groups, late pregnant groups and postpartum groups. Conclusion: antioxidant hypovitaminosis partially participate in different ovine diseases pathogenesis and complications and their supplement for healthy and diseased animals is strongly recommended.  

...
Hui-Ying Chen1,2*, Ping-Chuan Yin1,2, Ya-Nan Lu1,2, Hai-Yun Li1,2*and Yang Shan3
...t upregulated genes were significantly involved in pyrimidine metabolism, glyoxylic acid metabolism and dicarboxylic acid metabolism. Downregulated genes were primarily implicated in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, carbon metabolism and antibiotic effects. The results revealed that the substance exhibited abundant biosynthesis and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Subsequently, the following top 10 hub genes were identified to the PPI network: Guanine nucleotide-...
Yuhong Li1, Dongxue Wu1, Xue Wang1, Mi Zhang1, Hanyu Zhu1, Zhe Shi1 and Fumin Feng1,2*
... groups. Among them, the significant changes in the indicators of the HRZ group were earlier than those of other drug groups and the changes were most obvious. The mRNA and protein of IκB in each drug group showed a gradual decline. The NF-κB pathway is activated in different mouse models of first-line anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury and the activation level is different in each drug group. Among them, the NF-κB activation level o...
Shaista Abbas1,Imtiaz Rabbani1, Hafsa Zaneb2, M. Shahbaz Yousaf1, Saima Ashraf2, Abid Hussain Shahzad3, M. Afzal Rashid4 and Habib Rehman1,*
...talase levels remained insignificant during the transition period. A lower (P = 0.006) serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher (P = 0.05) thyroxine was found in yeast-supplemented goats with insignificant treatment into day interactions during postpartum period. Serum urea, total proteins, albumin, globulin, albumin to globulin ratio, triiodothyronine, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase remained unchanged...
Yue Qin Song, Hui Zhong Sun* and Jun Feng Dong
...e YsigOR genes displayed significant differences in the expression levels between sexes. YsigOrco had the highest expression level in all YsigOR genes; however, the expression level in males was twice as that of females. Our study provides valuable biological information for studying the olfactory communication system of Y. signatus.
...
Mahvish Rajput1, Abdullah G. Arijo1, Muhammad Bachal Bhutto1Rehana Shahnawaz Buriro2, Javaid Ali Gadahi1, Muhammad Naeem3 and Zubair Ahmed Laghari1*
...ut the statistically non-significant difference in the prevalence among females (45%) than males (29%) was observed. Among the isolated rumen flukes, six flukes were used for molecular characterization by amplifying second internal transcribed spacer sequence flanking 5.8S and 28S ribosomal gene sequences (ITS-2+) yielding a 428 bp fragment which were sequenced for further analysis. The nucleotide sequences from 6 isolates were further analyzed for sequence si...
Arifa Savanur1,*, Tallat Naz1,2, Tayyaba Hamid1,3, Syed Abid Ali4, Mian Jahangir1,3 and Muhammad Abdul Azeem4
... in a collagen matrix. A significant difference between both types of muscle strips was observed in the rate of force re-development and change in their length. Thus, the present study provokes the need for quantitative histological and histo-chemical studies on the non-contractile proteins of Uromastix smooth muscle.
...
Sohail Ahmed1,*, Muhammad Waseem Saleem1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Shahid Nisar2, Rashad Rasool Khan1 and Abdul Rashid3
...ter only. Results showed significant difference amongst treatments (p <0.05). Application of spinosad alone and in combination with other control methods proved to be the most effective treatment. Releases of bio-agents viz., C. septempunctata and C. carnea resulted in 4.72 and 4.51 thrips leaf-1, respectively, and also did not differ significantly with each other. Application of bio...

Hasnain Alam1*, Jabar Zaman Khan Khattak1 and Taoufik Saleh Ksiksi

...ion rate. Osmotic stress significantly decreased most of the germination traits, while mean germination time increased with decreasing OL in all four species. A. leucoclada showed significant interactive effect of OA and OL for GP. GP of A. leucoclada was higher in PEG treatment but decreased at -0.6 MPa while NaCl had the lower GP but did not show any decrease with decreasing OL of NaCl. Contrary to this S. italica was adve...

H. Liu1, X.P. Tang1, R.J. Fang1,*, F.Yi2, C. Zhang2, R.Q. Yang1, F. Sun1 and S.Y. Zhou1 

...< 0.05). 3) Av-Cu has significant effect on serum Cu-Zn SOD activity on day 14 (P < 0.05). This study showed that, oral administration Av-Cu to weaned piglet has the potential to promote growth performance and antioxidant capacity, and reduce diarrhea incidence.
...
Sara Zafar* and Asmatullah
...yo and Pomegranate juice significantly reduced the detrimental effects caused by atenolol.
...

Tingting Li, Shuangshuang Geng, Long Xie, Huiyan Xu, Aolin Luo, Pengwei Zhao, Huan Yang, XingWei Liang, YangQing Lu, XiaoGan Yang* and KeHuan Lu*

...NF-Sertoli cell line was significantly increased compared with that in the control Sertoli cell line (p<0.01). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that GDNF gene secretion was also significantly increased in PB-GDNF-Sertoli cells compared with that in control Sertoli cells (p<0.05). We further compared two types of spermatogonia cultured on either PB-GDNF-Sertoli cells or control Sertoli cells, rev...
Rabia Saeed1, Muhammad Naveed1, Muhammad Razaq2*, Muhammad Rafiq1, Muhammad Tahir Jan1, Syed Ishfaq Ali Shah1, Shabana Wazir1 and Fahad Munir3
...ptera: Pyrrhocoridae) is significant predator of the genus Dysdercus and other members of the pyrrhocoridan family. In the present annotation, we record for the first time A. coquebertii in cotton growing areas of Dera Isamil Khan, Muzafar Garh and Multan districts, Pakistan.
...
Khayyam1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Naiz Ali2 and Qadeem Khan3
...females and males showed significantly high values (p=0.041, 0.025respectively) but follicle stimulating hormone was significantly low (p=0.0007) in female HT patients. Follicle stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone concentrations were higher than normal range in both male and female Grave’s disease patients. Prolactin and serum gonadotropin showed fluctuations in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patie...
Tehreem Usman1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3 and Qaisra Siddique1
...both treatments caused a significant (P<0.01) decline in CAT activity and TPC of C. idella as compared to control group. CAT activity and TPC decreased with the passage of time. Among both treatments, ES+CPF caused greater decline in CAT activity and TPC. It was concluded that insecticides in mixture form are toxic to fish and response of biomarkers depends on the type of toxicants and exposure duration.
...
Dil Afroza Khanom1, Amirun Nesa1, Muhammad Abu Sayed Jewel1, Muhammad Ayenuddin Haque1, Alok Kumar Paul1, Sonia Iqbal2, Usman Atique2,3*, Lubna Alam4
... t-test indicated significant differences (P<0.05) between Pb and Zn, while, the inter-species relationships were not significant for the other metals investigated. The estimated average daily dose (ADD) intake remained below the reference dose as recognized by the international guidelines of WHO, FAO, and USEPA. Furthermore, the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) outcomes labelled a non-carcinogenic...

Abid Khan*, Mukhtar Alam and Yousaf Jamal 

...pt NS1. Seed bio-priming significantly increased emergence (9.6%), delayed heading (2.1%) and maturity (2.4%), increased leaves and leaf area tiller-1 (6.8 and 4.1%), increased LAI (9.6%), increased height (3.5%), enhanced crop growth rate (CGR) (8.6%) and increased chlorophyll a and b (9.8% and 8.5%). BM application significantly increased emergence (6.1%), delayed heading (2.3%) and maturity (3.04%), increased leaves and l...

Muhammad Medrar Hussain*, Asad Jan* and Sayyar Khan Kazi 

...ssion of OsTZF8 gene has significant role in conferring tolerance to drought stress in rice. 

...

Muhammad Younis1, Shahen Shah1*, Inamullah1, Rozina Gul2, Arshad Jalal1, Farhan Khalil1, Iqbal Hussain1 and Muhammad Adnan Fahad

...respectively resulted in significantly higher yield contributing parameters of sesame; therefore, recommended for the locality. 

...

Muhammad Salim1*, Ayhan Gökçe1, Muhammad Nadir Naqqash1 and Orkun Ersoy

... weeks, while the lowest significant percent mortality (1.00±1.00%) was recorded in the control one week after exposure and only increased to 3.53±0.00% after 3 weeks. Percent weight loss in grain was also determined after 21 days. A significantly higher percent weight loss (7.29±0.11%) was found in the control, while no weight loss was observed in grains treated with the highest concentration (2000 mg/K...

Gulnaz Parveen1*, Salma Gul2, Muhammad Ather Rafi3, Ashfaq Ali Khattak4 and Hikmatullah Jan

...d Rhizoctonia solani was significantly controlled by leaf powder (LP) and shoot powder (ShP) when applied alone and with combination. While combinations of 3% LP + 3% ShP, 3% LP + 5% ShP, 5% LP + 1% ShP, 5% LP + 3% ShP, 5% LP + 5% ShP completely controlled the infection of Macrophomina phaseolina. Similarly combination of 5% LP + 5% ShP completely control the infection of Fusarium solani While 5% LP + 3% ShP treatment completely controlled the infection of F. ...

Aurang Zeb, Abdur Rab and Shujaat Ali* 

...ed parameters were found significantly affected by both the factors i.e. storage duration and locations. The results revealed that the maximum fruit weight loss (16.37 %) was recorded from Wartair (Malakand). The percent weight loss increases with increase in storage duration. The highest fruit Firmness (.6.33 kgcm-2) was observed in location Rabat (Lower Dir) at zero-day storage, the maximum TSS (10.80 oBrix) was recorded from Torwarsak (Buner) at 48-days sto...

Md. Zubael Islam, Rukhsana Amin Runa and Md. Mahmudul Alam* 

...rajganj district plays a significant role to meet the demand for milk in Bangladesh. However, due to foot diseases the farmers face a considerable amount of economic loss. The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of foot diseases in cattle and also to explore the risk factors having a promoting role in developing foot affections in three unions (Potazia, Jalalpur, and Kaijuri) of Shahjadpur Upazila. Foot affections were physically investigated and...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Sami Ul-Allah2*, Muhammad Naeem1, Muhammad Ijaz2 and Muhammad Qadir Ahmad3 

...5. Results showed highly significant (p≤0.05) genotypic differences for seed and root‒shoot traits. Reduction in fresh weight of different cultivars due to water stress ranged 14.74 to 29.81% and reduction in dry weight due to water stress range 12.52 to 43.30%. Whereas increase in root-shoot ratio was observed due to water stress and it ranged from 11.19 to 54.05% for different genotypes. Cultivar into irrigation interaction was ...

Noor Islam1*, Rashid Mahmood1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Sarfaraz Ahmad2 and Saleem Abid

...ld. Data analysis showed significant difference among all diets tested and check (i. e. control colonies). Diet 2 induced the highest consumption rate (71.90 g per colony), maximum sealed worker brood area (1562.0 cm2 per colony), mean highest maximum (12 frames covered with bees per colony), and higher (9.2 kg Zizyphus spp. honey per colony) as compared with control (D 5) and other tested diets. Honey bee colonies fed over Diet 2 gave a maximum economic retur...

Iram Fatima1*, Imran Pasha1, Ambreen Saddozai2, Shahid Nadeem3, Amer Mumtaz4 and Saqib Jabbar4 

...>Street foods play their significant role in the society by satisfying hunger at affordable rate for poor slums. This low infrastructure business is rising day by day due to growing urbanization. The study aimed at exploring the safety status of various snacks and beverages sold in the streets of Faisalabad, Pakistan. The three zones of city were selected for the purpose of sample collection. Mean prevalence of E. c...

Wajiha Anum1*, Liaquat Ali1, Umair Riaz2*, Abid Ali1, Nadia Manzoor3, Laal Hussain Akhter4, Asad Ur Rahman5, Naeem Maan6 and Ijaz Ahmad

...osphorus (P) stands at a significant position for providing aid in seed and fruit formation, energy provision, photosynthesis, and continuation of metabolic function in plants. However, it is not readily available to the crop because of its immobile nature. In order to ensure its efficient uptake by crop, an experiment was conducted to appraise the effect of various P placement methods and fertilizer rates on wheat. The fertilizer treatments were F1=150-00-60 ...

Zubair Aslam and Ali Ahmad* 

... and chemical fertilizer significantly increased all of the above said parameters of maize as compared to control but foliar application of 6% vermi-tea treatment showed maximum morphological and physiological performance of maize. 

...

Korkmaz Bellitürk1, Zubair Aslam2, Ali Ahmad2* and Sami ur Rehman2

...as used to segregate the significant means. The outcomes showed that percentages of EC, C:N ratio, heavy metals and organic matter decreased in vermicompost as compared to raw material while the proportion of pH, Ca, Mg, Fe, S, N, P, K increased in vermicompost as compared to livestock manures. Based on obtained results, it could be determined that the vermicompost had an outstanding nutrients availability, established by chemical studies, and confined all the...

Muhammad Rafiq1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2*, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Imtiaz Ali3, Muhammad Saleem1, Irfan Rasool1 and Zeshan Ali

...tress conditions, highly significant positive correlation was exhibited by drought tolerance efficiency (DTE) with final grain yield followed by seed weight (SW) and pods plant-1(NPP), while significant negative correlation was expressed by drought susceptibility index (DSI) to grain yield. Study of drought indices revealed that the highest DTE was presented by Punjab-2008 (84.13) followed by CH12/12, D-16004, CH-09/12, TG-1...

Nasrullah1*, Ahmad Nawaz Khoso1, Jamila Soomro2, Ilahi Bakhash Marghazani1, Masood-ul-Haq Kakar1, Abdul Hameed Baloch1, Sarfaraz Ahmed Brohi1 and Muhammad Asif Arain1* 

...mination time were noted significantly (P<0.05) higher in sheep compare to the goat. Meanwhile, drinking time was noted higher in sheep than goat. Moreover, goat exhibited higher resting, playing and other activities compared to sheep. Findings of dry matter intake (DMI), crude protein (CP) natural detergent fiber (NDF) and nutrient detergent fiber (NDF) were recorded significantly similar (P<0.05) in both species. Fur...

Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Luqman2, Muhammad Arshad Javed2, Syed Wasim Hasan3 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed

... experiment, there was a significant impact of all treatments on the reduction of mealybug infestation (F9, 39 = 39.10, P < 0.001; HSD at α = 0.05) as compared to control plants. Results of 2nd experiment also clearly demonstrated a significant impact of different treatments on the mealybug infestation (F12, 103 = 58.75, P < 0.001; HSD at α = 0.05) as compared to control. At both 3 and 7 days post-treatment...
Muhammad Usman Asif1*, Sadam Hussain Soomro2, Raza Muhammad1, Sikandar Ali Soomro2
...e results concluded that significantly high toxicity was shown after treatment with Neomed 3 SC which caused 100 % to the insect at its recommended (200 ml) and high dose (400 ml) after 24 hours of application followed by Voliam Flexi 300 SC causing 66.66 % and 75% mortality on its recommended (80 ml) and high dose (160 ml), respectively. After 72 hours, 83.33% mortality was observed in Voliam Flexi on its recommended dose whereas percent mortality was reached...

Yasir Iftikhar1, Mustansar Mubeen1,2*, Waqas Raza1, Qaiser Shakeel3, Waseem Abbas1, Shehzad Iqbal1 and Ashara Sajid

...es, disease severity was significantly correlated with temperature (max and min), and relative humidity (RH). Whereas, disease severity in moderate resistant varieties also showed a significant correlation with temperature. However, disease severity in the moderate resistant varieties were significantly correlated with the temperature and relative humidity. Highest disease incidence (39.33...

Paul Oludare Adetunji* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola 

...CL and CH positively and significantly (p<0.05) correlated with semen quality parameters (r = 0.34 to 0.76), negatively related to the onset of puberty (r = -0.28 to -0.50) in brown and black cocks and IPD positively correlated with semen volume (r = 0.19 to 0.38) in all the cocks. It was concluded that all the three plumage varieties of Noiler cocks in this study produced semen of acceptable quality and volume and thus could be used for reproductive purpos...
Imad Hassan1, Bilal-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Amir2, Faheem Ali2*, Salman Ilahi2 and Amjad Ali3 
...ass combustion has drawn significant attention because of its harmful effects on human health and environment. Consequently, it becomes important to have a simple and cost effective solution to avoid the problems of air pollution due to the combustion of biomass. Using an Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) is an effective method for the removal of particulate matter from industrial processes and boilers. This research proposes the development of a cost effective...

Amjad Ali1, Awais Salman1, Gul Daraz Khan1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2, Mahmood Alam Khan3 and Sajjad Ahmed

... levels and sowing dates significantly affected different growth parameters, yield, weight and harvest index of turnip. Maximum number of leaves per plant (19.16), leaf length (19.97 cm), leaf width (10.46 cm), plant height (39.27 cm), turnip length (17.24 cm), turnip diameter (7.84 cm), turnip yield (22.42 tons ha-1), turnip weight (256.62 gm) and harvest index (52.34 %) were recorded for I1. Maximum turnip length (18.09 cm), turnip diameter (7.69 cm), turnip...

 Salman Khan, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali and Murtaza

...sitive and statistically significant having elasticities of 0.211, 0.110, 0.103, 0.073 and 0.064, respectively. The study recommends that government should subsidize the inputs and arrange trainings for potato growers regarding use of recommended chemical fertilizer and efficient utilization of seed, labor and other inputs to accelerate potato production and thereby profit of farmers.

...

 Abdus Salam* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

... purposes and observed a significant correlation between the literacy and ICT i.e. 0.77. The results also showed that 39% respondents from District Mansehra, and 33% from district Swabi were fulltime farmers, used ICT. The results also showed that regarding the effectiveness of ICT tools in crop production, printed material; TV and Mobile Phone were used in districts Mansehra, Karak and Swabi respectively. Similarly, it was also inferred that ICT is very effec...

Abdul Raqeeb1,3, Syed Moazzam Nizami2,4*, Aamir Saleem3, Lubna Ansari3, Saeed Gulzar3, Basit Ali3, Masooma Saleem5
 

...ysis pointed out several significant differences in biomass allocation among C. deodara tree due to stand characteristics, highlighting the role and importance of microenvironment in regional and national forest inventories. The study provides a comprehensive tool for estimating volume and biomass, thereby resulting in an accurate assessment of carbon sequestration and stocking in cedar dominated forest ecosystem in the region. 

...

Javed Iqbal1, Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Adnan Bashir1, Muhammad Hamza2, Wardah Muzaffer3, Muhammad Tahir Latif1 and Naeem Faisal1 

...rieties did not interact significantly for studied traits. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield was positively correlated with number of productive tillers per m2 during all years and grain weight during first year; while, negatively correlated with number of grains per spike during second year indicating that increase in grain yield was associated mainly with increase in number of productive tillers per unit area in response to seed rate. In conclus...

Ehsan-Ul-Haque1, Akbar Hayat1*, Muhammad Asim1, Sajjad Hussain2, Muhammad Shakeel Hanif3, Muhammad Zubair1, Muhammad Abdullah Jamil1 and Faheem Khadija1 

...leaf didn’t differ significantly in juice percentage (46.33 and 43.16), total soluble solids (TSS) (11.20and 10.23), percent acid (0.69 and 0.73), total sugars percent (10.75 and 9.83), crude protein, crude fat and in DPPH activity respectively. The study depict that incorporation of salts to wax in substitution to the fungicide is an effective application to control postharvest citrus fruit decay with perks of safety and convenience. 

...

U. A. Al-Karim, A. A. Alshimaysawe, A. E. Mohammed† , W. A. R. Aljaafri and F. A. Al-Fadhal

Evaluation of biological seed treatments for management of Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton
...rs of R. reniformis eggs significantly. Seeds treated with Abamectin and bacteria had fewer vermiform adults in the soil in comparison with the non-treated seeds. The bacteria and Burkholderia spp., seeds treatments drastically suppressed the number of eggs isolated from cotton roots compared with the non-treated control. Abamectin also inhibited the number of vermiform life-stages found in the soil as compared to the nontreated control. Biological seed treatm...

A. S. M. El-Nuby1† , S. A. Montasser2 and I. A. El-Khadrawy

Control of root-knot nematodes using wild plants colonized Sinai, Egypt
... concentrations were non-significant. Our finding offers a non-poisonous tool that can insert in combating nematode programs especially for small-holder growers colonized Sinai Peninsula.

...

Sahib Khan1, Muneeza Wahid2, Muhammad Abeer Irfan1, Muhammad Naeem3, Asma Gul4, Muhammad Haseeb Zafar2

ROW LEVEL IMAGE FORGERY DETECTION TECHNIQUE USING EMBEDDED DIGITAL SIGNATURES
...nd embedded in the least significant bits of selected pixel of the corre- sponding row of digital image. The proposed technique is powerful enough to detect different image manipulations. The results show that it can successfully detect one least significant bit alteration made in any pixel of digital image.

...

 Tajwali Khan1*, Ihtzaz Qamar1, Feroz Shah2, Kareem Akhtar2, Rehman Akhtar3

MODEL FOR FUEL DROPLET EVAPORATION IN COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF LIQUID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES
...
with hot gas has significant effects on the life of droplet and characteristic length. Effects of chamber pressure and
diameter are more significant for larger droplet size.

...

Mahmood Alam Khan1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Mujahid Khan*2, Amjad Khan1 

TEMPORAL VARIATION IN GROUND WATER QUALITY DUE TO URBANIZATION. CASE STUDY: DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
...p> Groundwater is a significant source of water for both domestic and agricultural use. The main objective of this
study was to identify temporal variations in groundwater quality of Peshawar by developing GIS based physio-chemical
parameters contour maps, comparative graphs and analyse results in light of Pakistan Standard Quality Control
Authority (PSQCA). In 2005, same study for district Peshawar was carried out jointly by PCSIR Pe...

Naveed ul Hasan Syed*1, Qurat-ul-Ain1, Muddasar Habib1, Naseer Ahmed Khan1, Sultan Ali1 

A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN A SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
...cold water flow rate was significantly higher than with increasing the hot water
flow rate. Under similar process conditions, at 36 oC hot water inlet temperature, the U increased from 709.96 to
1045.50 W/(m2.oC) with the increasing cold water flow rate from 0.75 to 2.5 L/min. While for the hot water case,
the U increased from 709.96 to 940.43 W/(m2.oC) for the corresponding hot water flow rate. An empirical model
correlating the ou...

Sahib Khan1, Muhammad Naeem2, Tawab Khan3, Nasir Ahmad4* 

4LSB BASED DATA HIDING IN COMPLEX REGION OF DIGITAL IMAGES AND ITS EFFECTS ON EDGES AND HISTOGRAM
... true edge based 4 least significant bits (4LSB) steganography. The
true edge based 4LSB steganography technique has been found very efficient, creating no significant effect on edges
and undetectable histogram differences. Which prove this technique immune to histogram difference steganalysis. The
quality of the edges is preserved and a PNSR of greater than 74dB has been observed for different cover ima...

Muhammad Aamir1*, Riaz Muhammad1, Naseer Ahmed1, Muhammad Sadiq2, Muhammad Waqas3, Izhar1 

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LEAD FREE SOLDER ALLOY FOR GREEN ELECTRONICS UNDER HIGH STRAIN RATE AND THERMAL AGING
...IMCs particle size which significantly results in reduction in
YS and UTS. Furthermore, increasing strain rates results in increasing YS and UTS due to less creep deformation.
Mathematical relations are also developed to predict these properties at various levels of aging temperature and strain
rate. A power law relationship exists between strain rate and mechanical properties while a reciprocal relationship
is obtained between agin...

Misbah Ullah1, Rehman Akhtar1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1, Khawar Naeem1 and Khizar Azam2 

FACTORS IDENTIFICATION FOR COAL BRIQUETTES MANUFACTURING USING STATISTICAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN APPROACH
... possible costs by using significant factors. Indeed, the role of statistical design of experiment in general and factorial
design in particular is vital in identifying these significant factors in comparison to the conventional techniques. This
paper provides a statistical approach towards manufacturing of coal briquettes in Northern Province of Pakistan.
Binder composition, pressure, particle size, and...

Kulsoom Iftikhar1, Shahzad Anwar1, Izhar Ul Haq1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1 and Sayed Riaz Akbar1 

AN OPTIMAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION
...inoma is one of the most significant health diseases in the world. Early identification of breast carcinoma
could be beneficial for in time treatment of the disease. This study presents an efficient classification method
for benign and malignant breast cancer. The proposed method employs an optimal feature classification employing
artificial neural network. The proposed architecture has five input nodes, two hidden layers with eight neuron...

Misbah Ullah1, Rehman Akhtar1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1, Khawar Naeem1 

CYCLE TIME OPTIMIZATION FOR IMPERFECT MANUFACTURING SETUP FOCUSING WORK-IN-PROCESS INVENTORY
.../> time has always been significant. Hence, this paper integrates work-in-process inventory and imperfect production
setup in order to optimize cycle time based on average cost minimization. A mathematical model is developed that
incorporate rework operation, rejected products produced, and inspection processes in addition to work-in-process
inventory. Cycle time is optimized based on total system cost minimization. Numerical example is a...

Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar1, Zulfiqar Ali Chaudary2, M.Tousif Bhatti3, Daulat Khan 

EVALUATION OF AIR VENTS AND RAMP ANGLES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ORIFICE SPILLWAY AERATORS
...h large gate opening, no significant improvement in
the performance of the aerator was noted, rather negative impact was observed due to reduction in cavity pressure. 

...

Khuram Rashid1, Saroosh Danish2, Muhammad Akram Tahir3 

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON UTILIZATION OF WASTE RUBBER TIRES AS FILLER IN CONCRETE
...ts showed that there was significant fall in workability of rubberized
concrete along with slight deviation in the density and aesthetics as compared to control specimen. The compressive
strength of rubberized concrete was found to be augmented when 10 % fine crumb rubber content was used. However
with further increase in the rubber content, the compressive strength was abridged. On the contrary, there was continuous reduction in the compr...

Ghani Akbar1, Muhammad Munir Ahmad1, Abdul Ghafoor1, Matiullah Khan1, Zafar Islam1 

IRRIGATION EFFICIENCIES POTENTIAL UNDER SURFACE IRRIGATED FARMS IN PAKISTAN
...gation performance at no significant
cost to infrastructure, machinery or labour. 

...

Yasir Irfan Badrashia1, Qaisar Alia1, Mohammad Ashraf1, Muhammad Rashid1 

SEISMIC DESIGN CHARACTERIZATION OF RC SPECIAL MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES IN PAKISTAN-FIELD SURVEY TO LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
...tudy also concluded that significant
loss of strength and ductility is observed between code-compliant and non-code-compliant exterior beam-column
connections subjected to reverse cyclic loading. 

...

Muhammad Ibrahim1, ShahidMaqsood1, Rafiullah Khan2, Muhammad Amjad2, SakhiJaan2 

OPTIMIZATION OF GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING PARAMETERS ON PENETRATION DEPTH AND BEAD WIDTH USING TAGUCHI METHOD
...rc
current is the significant factor for both the response parameters while torch angle is significant only for bead width.
The results have been verified through confirmation test for each response parameter. 

...

Sahib Khan*, Abdur Rehman*, Nasir Ahmad**, Muhammad Naeem*** 

THE REDUCTION OF SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
...pectively resulting in a significant
improvement in antenna performance. The improvement in directivity & gain has been observed and bandwidth of
about 65% has achieved with Specific absorption rate reduction. 

...

Hamza Tariq1, Imran Hayat1, Saima Rafiq1*, Aqsa Qayyum2 and Sohrab Qayyum1 

...nd overall acceptability significantly (p < 0.05) influenced. The TSS, acidity, reducing sugars and total sugars content increased whereas pH, ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity, total phenolics and non-reducing sugar content decreased during storage of 90 days. Overall, the blended drink having 40% apple and 60% autumn olive juice RTS was highly acceptable. 

...

Muhammad Shahid1, Adiqa Kiani2* and Mahmood Shah3

Livestock Tackles the Major Sector Fluctuations in Agrarian Sector and Raises Economic Performance: A Study of Pakistan
...rch show the statistical significant and positive impact of livestock on economic performance while inflation effect on economic performance is insignificant. I have reviewed a lot of economic literature but not found single one study of this nature. This comprehensive research will assist the govt. in making policies on livestock to revive the economic performance of the country.

...

Muhammad Asad Ali, Mirza Jahanzaib, Muhammad Ahsan Ul Haq 

ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF SQUEEZE CASTING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF OVERCAST AL-ALLOY JOINT USING RSM
...elt temperature has most significant effect on UTS and YS followed by squeeze pressure and pressure duration. Current study will provide efficacious approach to develop advance functional and structural materials. 

...

Muhammad Shahid1, Adiqa Kiani2* and Mahmood Shah3

Livestock Tackles the Major Sector Fluctuations in Agrarian Sector and Raises Economic Performance: A Study of Pakistan
...rch show the statistical significant and positive impact of livestock on economic performance while inflation effect on economic performance is insignificant. I have reviewed a lot of economic literature but not found single one study of this nature. This comprehensive research will assist the govt. in making policies on livestock to revive the economic performance of the country.

...
Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Ejaz Ashraf3*, Asad Ali4 and Arooba Rubab5
Effect of Insecticides on the Longevity of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
... was found statistically significant which means it was affecting the following stages in honey bees; eggs presence (less number of eggs) df=3, F=8.97, P=<.001, egg hatching (less number of eggs hatched) df=3, f=11.94, p <.001, day to pupation (F=3, df = 5.611, p< 0.001) and less adult emergence rates in the selected cell. The cyhalothrin was also found statistically significant and affecting the honey bees at egg h...

Anjum and Ahmad Khan*

Phenology, Crop Stand and Biomass of Wheat in Response to Farmyard Manure and Soil Amendments
...h 20 Mg FYM but were non-significantly different from plots having 15 Mg FYM ha-1 over two years averaged data. Among the amendments, greater days to anthesis (126 days) and physiological maturity (154 days) was noted with effective microbes over two years. Similarly, the addition of effective microbes has increased the emergence m-2 (123), leaf area tiller-1 (105.6 cm2), plant height (96.6 cm) and biomass (11386 kg ha-1). The physiological maturity delayed wh...

Azra1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Dilawar Khan1

Factors Influencing Inflation and Economic Growth in Pakistan: An Econometric Analysis
...and industry contributed significantly to economic growth. Should the policy makers attach genuine attention to these factors, it is expected that Pakistan economy will perform reasonably well. Specification and diagnostic tests revealed the appropriateness and soundness of the inflation and economic growth models. Parameters stability was examined for two periods (1991 and 2002). CPI showed stability in both periods but GDP did not demonstrate in the second p...

Asif Nawaz1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1, Rehmat Ullah1, Arshad Farooq2 and Abdul Hassan2

Assessment of Weed Management Competency of Field Assistants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ustify;">Weeds can cause significant decrease to the crop yields therefore; it is crucial for the Field Assistants to be competent in providing extension services to the farming community regarding weeds management. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the weeds management competency level of Field Assistants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agriculture Extension Department. Data from 234 randomly selected Field Assistants were collected through pre-tested and valida...
Kemi F. Omotesho*, Adedamola V. Adetayo, Adeniyi F. Akinrinde and Deborah A. Olabode
 
Challenges to the Adoption of Agricultural Innovations: The Case of Yam Minisett Technology in Kwara State, Nigeria
...er-groups (β=0.562) significantly influenced adoption. The study concluded by highlighting the determinants as well as challenges to the adoption of the technology. Recommendations include increase in the frequency of extension visit, adequate sensitisation and training, and provision of needed accompanying materials as measures to ensure the adoption of innovations in the study area.

...

Inamullah Khan1*, Amjad Usman2  and Rahamdad Khan2

The Mortality Rate of Pupae and Adult of Fruit Fly Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae) Affected by Different Submerging Time and Soil Types under the Laboratory Treatment
...ity of B. cucurbitae was significantly affected by both submerging time and pupal age. The 12 hrs pupae were more sensitive than 72 hrs pupae, with minimum adult emergence rate and maximum mortality. Results from various submerging times (1, 2, 3 and 4 hrs) on same age pupae also showed similar trends in pupal’s mortality and emergence to adult stage.In further investigation on the effect of four soil texture classes such asclay loam, silt clay loam, san...

Shaista Naz1*, Noor P. Khan1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Azra2 

Does Women’s Participation in Livestock Management Enhance their Empowerment? An Insight from the Tribal Belt of Pakistan
...eed of animals were more significant for assessing women empowerment as depicted by the high DMI value of above 0.80. Moderate level of women empowerment was observed in the activities of animals’ purchase (0.57), animals’ sale (0.59), and livestock income utilization (0.63) due to their low level of mobility and technical know-how. Almost all the household activities were directly related to the power of men due to the DMI value of below 0.50. The...

Parsa Riaz and Muhammad Naeem*

Digestive Enzymes Activity with Gut Morphometric Parameter of Carnivorous Fish Wallago attu (Siluridae, Siluriformes)
...s of Protease has highly significant correlation with the entire factor except Total length. With the help of principle component analysis, fish weight was found another important trait would be investigated as dependent variable. These variables were selected on the basis of multicollinearity and principle component analysis interpretations. Present study mainly reported on overall activity of lipase, amylase and protease of Wallago attu. To the best of our k...

Muhammad Naveed Anjum1, Abdur Rehman1*, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan1, Raheel Saqib2, Mohammad Fayaz3 and Iqbal Javed4

Impact of Microfinance on Socioeconomic Status of Farmers in District Dera Ismail Khan
...ance have a positive and significant impact on the children’s educational status and due to microfinance their children were moved from government to private schools. Moreover, the parents whose children were not getting their education from the educational institutions due to their financial crisis and issues, now the parents sent their children to the educational institutions. 85.1% farmers replied that there is significant

Sajjad Haydar*, Zunaira Asif*, A. A. Bhatti**, Obaidullah Nadeem***, Ghulam Hussain*, Nadeem Abbas*

EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT IN THE PUNJAB TANNERY SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF DADA TANNERY
... of Pakistan contributes significantly towards foreign exchange earnings of the country. Growing
concern of international buyers on environmental compliance, during tanning process, has forced this sector to install
wastewater treatment plants to address the issue. This study aims to evaluate the performance of wastewater
treatment plant (WWTP) of a local tanning industry. Raw wastewater showed high concentration of organic ...

 Muhammad Asad Ali 1*, Mirza Jahanzaib1, Muhammad Ahsan Ul Haq1

ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF SQUEEZE CASTING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF OVERCAST ALUMINIUM-ALLOY JOINT USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
...elt temperature has most significant effect on UTS and YS followed
by squeeze pressure and pressure duration. Current study will provide efficacious approach to develop advance
functional and structural materials.
...

M A Khalid*, A R Ghumman**, H. N. Hashmi**, E. Tanveer*

INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT OF LOWER BARI DOAB CANAL
...osition and erosion is a significant problem being faced by the canals in Punjab.
...

M. Nafees*, Bushra Khan*, Robina Naz*

STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SAFETY IN STEEL RE-ROLLING MILL WITH REFERENCE TO HIGH NOISE LEVEL AND TEMPERATURE
...at all factory zones was significantly different than that of administration section with a p-value < 0.0001. The re-rolling noise level was found to be extremely significant, followed by furnace and unloading section. Likewise the indoor factory heat level is also significant from outside air temperature. The interview survey revealed that the workers exposed to these chronic condition...

Tahir Usman*, Khan Muhammad*

MODELING OF BLASTING COST AT DEEWAN CEMENT QUARRY, HATTAR USING MULTIVARIATE REGRESSION
...PCA) to account for most significant parameters. These parameters were then subsequently used to formulate a model for the prediction of blasting cost per ton in the cement quarry operations. The prediction model based on 5 statistically significant variables explains 88.1% of the variance while estimating the blasting cost per ton.
...

Muhammad Naeem*, Sohail Asghar**

A REVIEW OF FEATURE SELECTION TECHNIQUES IN STRUCTURE LEARNING
... decades, there has been significant advancement in heuristics for inducing Bayesian belief networks for the purpose of automatic distillation of knowledge from masses of data with target concepts. However, there are various circumstances where we are confronted to fix a set of most influencing variables in modelling of class variable. This arises in provision of confidence measures on set of variables used in the structure learning of data...

Muhammad Irfan*, Saeed Gul*, Mohammad Younas*

SOLAR STILL PERFORMANCE FOR SEA WATER PURIFICATION: A STATISTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
...in the still is the most significant parameter that largely affects the evaporation rate. The fresh water with 240 mg/L dissolved salt has been extracted from the model sea water having dissolved salts of 35000 mg/L. The efficiency of a single basin solar still is improved up to 80 percent. 
...

Asif Nawaz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Rehmat Ullah, Khalid Nawab and Urooba Pervaiz

Investigation of Professional Competency Level and Training Needs of Field Assistants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...he extension agents have significant contribution in providing effective extension services to the farming community. Therefore, it is vital for administration and management of the extension organizations to investigate competency level of their staff so that training can be provided to them for successful execution of extension tasks. Hence, this study was designed with objective to inspect professional competency level and training needs of Field Assistants...

Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Shamsher Ali3*, Adnan Nasim1, Muhammad Ismail1, Nur Ul Haq1 and Muhammad Usman4

Effect of Planting Sources, Cane Portions and Setts Placement Methods on Sugarcane Yield Attributing Traits
...ormed. All traits showed significant (p≤ 0.05) differences for planting sources, cane portions and setts placement methods. Interaction of cane portions and setts placement methods were significant for emerged shoots, tillers, plant height and biological yield. Results revealed higher (p≤ 0.05) emerged shoots and tillers in canes planted from standing source (sugarcane standing crop) top portion with triple setts. This...

Tanveer Sultan1, Anwaar Ahmed1, Aqsa Qayyum2*, Amer Mumtaz2 and Naeem Khalid

...ng tolerance index) were significantly affected (p≤0.05) by the supplementation of buckwheat flour. There was a gradual increase in the ash (0.88±0.02 to 1.72±0.04) and fiber contents (0.01±0.001 to 2.64±0.04) with the increment in buckwheat flour while moisture contents decreased significantly (4.63±0.04 to 3.80±0.04). The protein (8.93±0.03) and fat contents (3.01±...

Fazli Rabbi1*, Muhammad Idrees2, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Zamin3 and Hazrat Bilal4

Farmers Perceptions and Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Peach (Prunus persica L.) Production and Marketing
...uo; awareness level is a significant determinant of the adoption of the ICTs for farming and peach (P. persica L.) marketing. Farmers who perceive ICTs to be more useful, they are more likely to adopt ICTs for peach (P. persica L.) farming and marketing. It is concluded that ICTs have influenced the farmers’ farming practices and their access to information and market accessibility. It is recommended that the government shall devise strategies for provis...

Sajad Ali1*, Jangraiz Khan2, Arshadullah Jadoon3, Muhammad Riaz4 and Abid Khan1

Evaluation of Farmers Socioeconomic Characteristics Influencing Tomato Output in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... results showed a highly significant positive relationship of tomato production with all socio-economic factors except female involvement in the study area. Therefore, extension services and training should be fortified through extension agents for those farmers having no basic education for improving their skills and production of tomato, in turn it will contribute the demands of tomato at provincial and national level.

...

Muhammad Riaz1*, Naureen Akhtar1, Salik Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Shakeel1,2 and Ateeq Tahir1

Neocosmospora rubicola: An Unrecorded Pathogen from Pakistan Causing Potato Stem Rot
...mmon diseases that cause significant loss in potato production in Punjab province, Pakistan. Neocosmospora rubicola was found as a new pathogen causing stem rot of potato in the potato growing area of district Kasur. Symptoms of the N. rubicola infected potato plants were necrotic stem lesions near the collar region. Causal organism was isolated from the infected tissues, purified and identified on the basis of morphological characters, nucleotide sequences of...
Muhammad Khalid1,2, Samrah Masud2, Zara Naeem2, Muhammad Munir Shahid3, Ammar Danyal Naeem2, Abir Ishtiaq2 and Muhammad Naeem2*
 
Length-weight and Length-length Relationships of Farmed Catla catla during Winter Season from Muzaffargarh, Pakistan
...analyses revealed highly significant (P < 0.001) correlation for LWR and LLRs in farmed C. catla. Value of exponent b was found 3.23 in LWR of farmed C. catla indicating positive allometric pattern of growth in C. catla. While, in LLRs, b-value was observed 1.00 or close to 1.00, indicating isometric pattern of growth in SL and FL with an increase in TL for the studied fish species. Mean condition factor value was found 1.49±0.04 in the present work....

Saba Iqbal1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Hafiz Muhammad Nasrullah1, Asmat Ullah1 and Hafiz Muhammad Akram2

Response of Cotton to Application of Organic and Inorganic Source of Nutrients in Semi-Arid Climate
...oil health but it cannot significantly increase yield. Application of organic and inorganic source of nutrients can uplift the economics of existing cotton based production systems by improving soil health and reducing the cost of inorganic nutrients per unit area. This study was executed to quantify the best possible combination of integrated nutrients application for cotton crop. The effect of different combination of mineral/inorganic nitrogen (N), farm yar...

Sikandar Khan*, Afzal Khan*, Muhammad Tahir Khan*, Muhammad Ali Kamran* and Abdul Shakoor*

DYNAMIC MODELING AND STARTING BEHAVIOR OF A SMALL HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
...t is possible to produce significant power from a small wind turbine at low wind speeds provided the turbine can be started. In this paper “BEM function” and “Aerodynamic function” are used based on the Blade element momentum theory. These Matlab functions calculate the wind turbine blade parameters and aerodynamic forces that will act on wind turbine blades. Pro/E models were then developed on the basis of these par...

 Muhammad Qasim Khan1*, Syed Athar Masood1 and Shahzad Naeem Qureshi2

REFORMULATION OF PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT MODEL FOR PUBLIC SECTOR AUTOMOBILE REBUILD ORGANIZATIONS
...ild industry contributes significantly towards national economy in developing countries. Nonetheless, productivity and output of public sector rebuild organizations remains very low despite huge budgetary disbursements. On the contrary, private sector organizations achieve high productivity and output as these organizations work to maximize their profit. This paper attempts to identify reasons for low productivity and reduced output of public sector ...

Ahmad Khan1*, Yasir Mehmood2

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR MACHINE TYPE COMMUNICATION AND INTERNET OF THINGS IN MOBILE NETWORKS
... (graphs) show that significant enhancement in spectrum utilization can be achieved.
...

 Sikandar Bilal Khattak1*, and Iftikhar Hussain1

ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENT CONSCIENCE CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN USING SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO
...omestic Product (GDP) is significant. However, it is a source of carbon emissions and solid waste as well. The positive impact is more of a community or region based, whereas its contribution to climate change has a global spread. For years, environment-friendly construction, green buildings, lean construction, and sustainable construction has been portrayed as a possible alternative. However, the success factors for environment conscience ...

Shakir Azim1*, Sahar Noor1, Rehman Akhtar1, Qazi Salman Khalid1, Tufail Habib1, Usman Ghani2

SETTING OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AND EFFECT OF MOULD QUALITY ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PHARMACEUTICAL CUP OF POLYPROPYLENE
...ssues. Minute changes of significant molding parameters may give an extensive effect to the plastic product’s characteristics and this research paper is also anticipated to lend a hand to the optimization of parameters of vertical plastic injection molding process. In this study, the plastic product has been fabricated using a mould designed in our labs that shows an improved surface roughness which suggests that molding conditions play a ...

 Asad Naeem Shah1,2, GE Yun-shan1, HE Chao1,3

MACROSCOPIC SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL AND BIODIESEL-DIESEL BLEND: AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON
...th and cone angle play a significant role not only in the temporal sequence of clean and efficient combustion, but also in the control of engine exhaust emissions and efficiency optimization. This paper investigates the effect of injection duration and ambient pressure on spray development, spray tip penetration (L) and cone angle (β) of biodiesel-diesel (20%/80%: v/v) blend (B20) and diesel, and hence compares the quality of the fuels...

 Laiq Khan1, Sidra Mumtaz2, Kamran Javed3, S.W. Shah4, M.I. Khan Babar5, S.R. Akbar6

GENERATORS MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING USING HARMONY SEARCH ALGORITHM
...ules (GMS) play the most significant role for the economical and reliable operation of a power production system. This paper presents the application of harmony search (HS) algorithm for solving generators maintenance scheduling problem. HS algorithm is quite efficient, because, the convergence rate of this algorithm is very fast. HS algorithm is based on the concept of music improvisation process of searching for a perfect state of harmony...

 Adnan Ali Khan,* and Shahrukh Khalid**

CAPACITY ESTIMATION OF SIMO SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE
...nbsp;at the receiver can significantly improve the performance of the system. The capacity limits defined by MRC analysis are found within the estimated values of capacity using simulation. It is observed that increasing cell size and re-use distance decrease the effect of co-channel interference, however, the overall area spectral efficiency (ASE) of the system reduces due to the increase in cellular coverage area. Thus, a trade-off between&nbs...

 Usman Ali Naeem*, Hashim Nisar*, Habib-ur-Rehman** and Naeem Ejaz*

DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD DISCHARGE MODELS USING GIS
...s for drainage areas are significant utensils to hold water assets management and foresee diverse hydrologic contacts and risks. Indus River is considered as salvation of Pakistan and it is also the largest river of the country. The approximate length of the river is 3180 kilometers and its drainage area exceeds 1165000 km2. Having in view the worth of Indus River and its socio economic implication on Pakistan it was planned to carry out re...

Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1,2*, Mohammad Tufazzal Hussan3, Md. Abul Hashem2,4, Mohammad Eliyas5 and A.K.M. Mostafa Anower1

Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Infection: An Emerging Threat to Cattle Health in Bangladesh
...an countries and causing significant economic losses. LSD has recently spread out of Africa into the Middle East region, and still continuing to spread other territories of the world. In September 15, 2019 the first occurrence of LSD outbreak in Bangladesh has been reported to the OIE (World Organization for Animal Health). LSD is a vector-borne disease, and climatic conditions of Bangladesh are favorable for the propagation of vectors, which should influence ...
Dibyendu Biswas1*, Shib Shankar Saha2, Shankar Biswas3 and Md. Abu Sayeed4
Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease of Cattle in South-West Part of Bangladesh and its Clinical Management
...estation. Contrarily, no significant difference was observed in between good and medium quality intra-herd level hygienic environments. Five different treatment protocols were applied for recovery of the affected cows; where no significant differences were estimated among the treatment protocol in contrast to recovery from LSD. However, dexamethasone, chlorpheniramine maleate, combination of oxytetracycline and meloxicam sho...

Mehwish Liaquat1*, Arshad Mahmood Malik1, Muhammad Ishaq1, Hafiz Muhammad Qasim Ashraf2 and Ismara Naseem

Javed Iqbal1, Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Adnan Bashir1, Wardah Muzaffer2, Naeem Faisal1, Muhammad Tahir Latif1 and Sami Ullah1

...and Punjab-11, while non-significant relation with grains per spike. Nonetheless, tillers m-2 and grains per spike were correlated positively with wheat yield indicating them most crucial yield imparting traits. In conclusion, wheat sowing on November 15 produced maximum yield; and number of tillers was critical yield determining component followed by grains number per spike in response to sowing dates. 

...

Markus I. Francis1*, Paul I. Ankeli2, Clara N. Kwanashie1, Jibril Adamu1, Lushaikyaa Allam1, Mashood A. Raji3, Godwin O. Egwu4, Flavio Sacchini5 and Massimo Scacchia5

Detection of Mycoplasma bovis from Cattle Presented for Slaughter in Adamawa and Taraba States, Northeastern Nigeria
..., respectively with an insignificant association between M. bovis infection and the states sampled (P>0.05). Based on organs/site sampled, 2 (5.40%) isolates of M. bovis were from lung tissues and 1 (2.70%) were from both pleural fluid and ear swab samples. All the 4 isolates were confirmed as M. bovis by the presence of one band of 734 bp. The study had established first isolation of M. bovis from the ear canal of cattle at slaughter in the study area. The...

Sikander Hiyat1, Nazim Hussain1, Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani2*, Muhammad Nasir Abbas2, Smana Raza3, Javed Shabbir Dar4 and Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir5 

... chloride @ 0.61 L ha-1, significantly reduced plant height as compared to control treatment. However, it did not reduce all other yield attributes of cotton. Among the row spacing treatments, widely spaced cotton plants (RS3, 75 cm) without application of mepiquat chloride produced maximum seed cotton yield as compared to all other spacing levels. Ultra-narrow row spacing (RS1, 25 cm) Combination of narrow row spacing (RS2, 50 cm) and mepiquat chloride applic...

Hina Imtiaz1*, Salma Khalid2, Kashaf Riaz1, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Zubair Rehman

Uzma Arif1, Sadar Uddin Siddiqui2, Muhammad Fareed Khan1, Muhammad Arshad3 and Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi

...g biomass (g); revealing significant differences at all temperature regimes, controlled incubation period for ageing as well as their interaction. Rising temperatures was much steeper and negatively correlated as compared to the incubation period. The germination rate declined gradually at all temperatures, whereas, at higher temperature of 45°C accompanied with longer incubation periods (D5 and D6) the germination process ceased to progress. Similarly, th...
Sinan Uzundumlu1, Yesim Buyukates1,*, Murat Yigit2, Musa Bulut2,  Rıdvan Kaan Gurses1 and Barbaros Celikkol3
...orded. TSS values showed significant positive correlation with TP, indicating that TSS was supported by fecal pellets or unused fish feed in the cage system. MDS analysis results showed that TSS, chlorophyll-a and TP were similar throughout the sampling period. The study showed that copper alloy cage system did not have any negative impact on the marine system, compared with the limits provided by FAO, EPA, WPCR and RTMAF as well as with previously conducted s...
Fang Liu*
...r the endothelial growth significantly at higher concentration (500ng/ml, P>0.05). Simultaneously, FGF10 exerts a graded action, at lower concentration FGF10 attracts both magnocellular and parvocellular axons; but at higher concentration, FGF10 repels parvocellular TH+ (tyrosine hydroxylase) axons, and attracts magnocelluar vasopressin+ axons in the hypothalamus.
...
Ming-Yan Shi2, Xu-Liang Yan1, Ping-Ping Han1, Yu-Jie Tang1 and Hui-Xia Li1*
...atics. The data revealed significant changes (>2-fold) in 29 out of 783 differentially expressed miRNAs, 12 of which were up-regulated and 17 were down-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis showed that 24 of these 29 miRNAs were involved in fat metabolism, cell differentiation and the development of the immune system in 315 potential target genes, while 39 target genes were associated with adipogenesis and metabolism, immune responses, and stem cell differenti...

Zahid Hassan Tarar1, Muhammad Salik Ali Khan2*, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi3, Raza Salim4, Irfan Ahmad Saleem1, Saima Nazar5, Munir David2, Tahir Majeed6, Muhammad Sufyan Mughal7, Muhammad Saleem8, Umer Iqbal9, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal10 and Muhammad Khalid Shaheen

...e Zn, Fe, Mn, and B were significant and negative. The ordinary kriging technique was used to assess the micronutrient status at non-sampling sites and research area was classified into low, marginal, and adequate categories according to plant available micronutrient status. Digital maps thus developed using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) would help to apply micronutrients more precisely and site-specifically.  

...
Guang-Hui Tan, Yi-Yu Zhang*, Yuan-Yu Qin, Lei Wu and Jie-Zhang Li
...ealed that two SNPs were significant association with at least four of seven lipid indexes. Allele A of CDS 216 A>G locus and allele T of CDS 681 T>A locus was favorable to improving meat quality, respectively. Three haplotypes and six diplotypes were identified by the combination of two SNPs. Diplotypes had dominantly affected on tested lipid indexes except for IMF. Diplotype H1H1 was advantageous for the improvement of meat quality. Therefore, our data...

Zakeer Ahmed Khan Abbasi* and Allah Nawaz 

...evel has also been found significant. Therefore, more efforts, if directed, to enhance climate change awareness through dissemination of authentic and need based information, would significantly help farmers to undertake more relevant, effective and efficient adaptation measures, thereby, contributing in increasing the agriculture yield and reduce losses. However, imprudent projection of climate change adaptation issues with...

Matiullah Khan1*, Humera Arif2, Muhammad Rasheed2, Motsim Billah3 and Shoaib Ahmad

... per kg Guldania RP gave significantly highest available P content (15.61%), while Kakul RP released maximum P (15.47%) by application of H2SO4 @0.60 L+ 55% v/v dilution, per kg RP. The Paswal RP released maximum P by applying H2SO4 @0.55 L+ 55% v/v dilution, per kg RP. The periodic analysis of the reacted RP showed that availability of P increased with the time span, irrespective of the treatments and locations. However, the highest P in all reacted RP was re...

Haiyan Yang1, Hongxia Liu1, Wenlong Wu1*, Weilin Li2 and Lianfei Lyu

...ment group, water stress significantly increased EL, and the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments, protein, soluble sugar, H2O2 and MDA. After re-watering, all of those parameters showed decreases of different degree. LWC was significantly decreased in response to drought treatment. However, after 5 days of re-watering, the LWC restored. Moreover, SOD activity increased gradually under drought stress, except for the day 1...
Faruk Çolak1 and Ferhat Matur2,3,*
... cytotypes also differed significantly in the structural components of their signals. There was no difference in signal pattern between different fundamental number variations within cytotypes. We observed temporal variation in seismic signals, but did not found any difference in signalling between the sexes, suggesting the signals are not used for mate recognition. In addition, the signalling structure was not associated with the climate and the soil types of...
Magbolah Salem Helal Alzahrani
...illa showed the most significant increase in organ weight as compared to all levels of treatment suggesting that M. chamomilla can reduce liver damage. Rats given CCl4 then fed on a combination of all levels of M. chamomilla showed a decrease of AST, ALT and ALP enzyme levels in the serum, suggesting a reduction in liver damage. This study showed that proceeding liver damage using CCl4 and administering 5% M. chamomil...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2, Irshad Ahmad3, Kashif Prince1*, Ghazunfar Rashid1, Mahboob Ali1, Imdad Ullah Khan4Asad Ullah5, Naimat Ullah4, Muhammad Shoaib2 and Said Sajjad Ali Shah2
...lirubin levels increased significantly (P<0.05) in sheep infected with Clostridium perfringens type A. Sheep infected with Clostridium perfringens type B and type D showed significant (P<0.05) decreases in erythrocytes counts (RBC) and hemoglobin levels while the mean WBC, platelets, packet cell volume, serum creatinine, bilirubin, liver enzymes, total, glucose and urea in blood s...
Cheng Zhao1,2, Jianghong Ran2*, Bin Wang2,3, Qin Shi4 and Marwan M.A. Rashed1
... giant panda habitat use significantly. In addition, roads caused the giant panda habitat use intensity to decline sharply. The giant panda nearly stopped using the habitat when road density was more than 0.4 km/km2. Thus, road density should be considered in the protection program. Furthermore, in areas inhabited by giant pandas, we recommend to optimizing and enhancing increased regulations to minimize the expansion and impact of roads.

Kamran Ghasemi1*, Mostafa Emadi2, Asghar Bagheri3 and Mehdi Mohammadi1

Casing Material and Thickness Effects on the Yield and Nutrient Concentration of Agaricus bisporus
...in 4 cm depth casing. No significant deference was observed in the phosphorus and potassium concentration of treated mushrooms but nitrogen concentration was affected by casing layer soil materials and thickness. The lowest nitrogen concentration was in 4 cm depth of CP casing layer that was not significantly different with 2 cm depth of CP casing layer. As a general conclusion, CCS in depth of 4 cm can b...
Waqar Majeed1, Naureen Rana1, Elmo Borges de Azevedo Koch2* and Shahla Nargis1
...ropod composition varied significantly according to the sampled sites and according to the seasons studied. Temperature was positively correlated to diversity while humidity was negatively correlated to diversity and abundance. Results might be beneficial in developing the strategy for natural biological control. This can only be achieved by coordinated planning and conservation measures among sites.
...

Mazhar Abbas1*, Kishwar Jam1, Rashid Iqbal Khan1, Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye2, Tariq Rafique3 and Zahid Mahmood

... and reproductivity were significant. Moreover, application of 100 ppm Acevit-C and 10 ml/L-1 Quantis exhibited 6.5 and 11.5 fold increment in yield respectively as compared to control. The use of these plant products at variant concentrations showed an increase of antioxidant activity by upgrading superoxide dismutase activity (64.42 U mg-1 protein), peroxidase activity (1.90 µmol min-1 g-1 protein), catalase activity (37.81 nmol-1 g-1 protein) and prot...
Maryam Yousaf1, Naveed Shahzad2, Zeeshan Mutahir1 and Moazzam Ali1*
... PC-3/Res cells also had significantly up-regulated expression of Rab21. To study the effect of Rab21 on MRP-1 mediated multidrug resistance, siRNA mediated knockdown of Rab21 was performed. Results showed that the knocking down of Rab21 decreased the drug efflux ability of PC-3/Res cells, possibly by altering the surface localisation of MRP-1. These results suggest that interruption in MRP-1 trafficking to the plasma membrane by Rab21 is a potential strategy ...
Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...rboxylesterase increased significantly in both the 4th and 6th instar larvae of Lab-S and GUW populations when compared with their respective controls. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity was significantly decreased (28.94 and 42.42%) in the 4th instar larvae of Lab-S population after treatments with bifenthrin and bifenthrin: chlorpyrifos combination 3:1, respectively. After exposure to chl...
Mah Jabeen and Amjad Farooq*
...arch 11 which showed non-significant difference with those of recorded on March 04 (12.52/10-cm inflorescence) Furthermore, the population of aphids remained present throughout the crop season starting from December 10 of each cropping period. The population of aphids was recorded to be higher on B. napus and B. juncea as compared to B. compestris and B. rapa on most of the dates of observation. Non-signific...
Kui Li1, Lijun Li1, Jialun Fu2, Yi He2, Zhaohui Song2, Shuiping Zhou2Luobu Gesang1* and Rui Liu2*
...mpleted the study and no significant difference was observed in the number of individuals with AMS between the groups. However, during the whole observation period, the LLSS values for comprehensive AMS symptoms in the group receiving CDDPs indicated lower occurrence than those in the placebo (CON) group. It is noteworthy that, on day 3 (arrival at Lhasa, altitude 3658 m), AMS symptoms (LLSS=3.79) in the CON group had clearly aggravated (P=0.0475) in contrast ...

Murtaza1, Syed Attaullah Shah1*, Shahid Ali1, Amjad Ali1 and Asia Baig2

Economic Analysis of Maize Production in Central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ure as important factors significantly reducing inefficiency in maize production. The study recommends formal education and agricultural training for maize growers, provision of subsidy for hybrid seeds and chemical fertilizers and price support for their produce during harvest season.

...

Erum Bughio1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi1*, Jibran Hussain2, Muhammad Hayat Jaspal3, Shahid Mehmood2, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq4, Reema Bughio5 and Athar Mahmud2

Comparative Study of Carcass Traits in Four Strains of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) at 3 to 6 Weeks of Age
... keel angle at week-3. A significant (p<0.05) effect was observed in mean heart weight at week 3 and 6, gizzard weight at week 4, 5 and 6 and intestinal length (cm) at week 3, 5 and 6;  whereas, dressing percentage (%) and shank length (cm) differ non-significantly (p>0.05) in this study period. Imported quail strain (M) performed better in almost all the studied parameters than that of other strains of quails.

Oluwatoyin Olagunju1* and Luqman Abiodun Akinbile2

Farmers Perceptions of the Effect of Rural Transportation Systems on Farming Income in Ondo State, Nigeria
...;0.05. Also, there was a significant relationship between transportation systems used (r=0.705, p<0.05), perceived effects of rural transportation (r=0.267, p<0.05), and income generated by the farmers on farming activities. Based on the results of the study, it could be inferred that improved transport systems would enable farmers to work harder to increase productivity and reduce poverty in rural areas. The study recommended the development of motorabl...
He Wenyun, Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*
...o was 1.07. There was no significant male bias (n = 141, p = 0.210). Habitat selection results indicated that Mandarin duck tended to choose habitat with vegetation cover (2.40 ± 0.84) on riverbanks, with shoal proportions of 8.00 ± 6.00%, water velocity of 0.16 ± 0.12m/s and wider river widths of 190.90 ± 113.80 m. The foraging habitats were far from sources of disturbance such as mine factory (2.70 ± 0.48), vi...
Gregory Ejikeme Odo1,*, Juliana Ekenma Agwu1, Nkechi Nweze2, Clara Ikegbunam2,Felicia Ekeh N1, Vincent Ejere1, Ngozi Ezenwaji1, Reginald Njokuocha2, Godwin Ngwu1 and Fabian Okafor1
...;">t. The reduced significant activity of these markers suggest that the ethanolic leaf extract of D. erecta offered some protections against diseases related to the muscles. The significant reduction of AST level has further eliminated any leakage of the enzyme in the liver due to hepatic injury in the treated rats. Previous biochemical studies have also confirmed the non toxicity of the plant extract of D....

Tao He1,2,3, Cheng-jing Chen4, Jian-guang Qin3, Yun Li1,2, Rong-hua Wu1,2 and Tian-xiang Gao4,*

...showed that there was no significant difference among the Ying Kou and Dong Ying stocks, possibly due to their similar living habitat in the Bohai Sea. As the distribution zones of these five stocks are much overlapped, principal component analysis for otolith shape is not possible to distinguish L. haematocheilus stocks. Based on the Fourier coefficient, Fisher’s discriminant analysis accurately classified 76.2% specimens into correct stoc...

Shouguo Yang1, Fen Cheng1, Xiangyu Wu1, YiXuan Xing1, ZhiFeng Gu2 and Xianming Tang1,*

...total weight reached the significant level. With the increasing of animal age, the growth of total shell length, width and weight significantly increased, while the growth rate decreased with the increasing of animal age. Results from the present study provide the first biological reference to H. ternatanus and are useful for assessing the growth and resource assessment of H. ternatanus.
...

Muhammad Jan1*, Tanveer ul Haq2, Hina Sattar3, Madiha Butt4, Abdul Khaliq5, Muhammad Arif6 and Abdul Rauf

...ysiological parameters a significant difference was observed among the genotypes. Out of twenty-five genotypes, three chick pea genotypes i-e chick pea genotypes GGP1260, GGP1426 and PB01 shown the best drought tolerance efficiency (83.78, 84.21 and 81.57%), harvest index (83.23, 84.06, and 81.14%) and minimum reduction in pod yield (16.21, 15.78 and 18.42%) under rainfed controlled conditions. Under rainfed condition the activity of all enzymes increased amon...

Muhammad Riaz Gondal1,2*, Aqib Riaz4, Sultan Ahmad Rizvi2, Bushra Zulfiqar2, Waqas Naseem2, Humara Umar3, Ahmad Hussain1 and Mazher Iqbal

...h the reduction of weeds significant increase in fodder yield was recorded. Thus, Glyphosate and Paraquat at two dose levels i.e., 1.5 and 2.0 L ha-1 significantly increased the fodder yield to the tune of 189.38, 210.99 t ha-1 and 188.08, 188.94 t ha-1 respectively. Hence, the investigation lead to the conclusion that Glyphosate and Paraquat were fully effective to control weeds and enhance Fodder yield. 

...

Amar Iqbal Saqib1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Abdul Rasul Naseem1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Muhammad Khalid2, Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich3 and Muhammad Arif

...eld attributes increased significantly, and properties of saline-sodic field were ameliorated remarkably by the integrated use of HA and gypsum. The maximum plant height, 1000-grain weight, paddy and grain yield of rice and wheat crops were obtained where the gypsum+ humic acid were used @75 % GR+ HA @ 30 kg ha-1 followed by gypsum @ 100% GR while the chemicals properties of soil (pHs, ECe, SAR) were under the safe limits in both treatments. Gypsum @ 75 % GR+ ...
Shikun Ge1, 2, Yanli Yang3, Brindha Chelliappan4, 5, Antonysamy Michael5, Fagang Zhong1 and Xiaoying Zhang1, 2, 3, 4*
...>C, and the activity was significantly lost when it exceeded 70 °C; IgY was relatively stable in the range of pH 4-10, and the activity was significantly lost beyond this range; IgY had certain resistance to pepsin and trypsin. Among all four purification methods, the IgY antibody titer in liquid egg yolk and egg yolk powder was significantly higher than the other two methods. Moreover...
Feng-Mei Yang1, Rui Li2, Xiu-Xue Hu3, Yong Liang4, Bo Gao3* and Wei Chen3*
... (FCM). UVB irradiations significantly inhibit HSF growth, showing positive correlation with the increasing of CPIRs and apoptotic rates; The relative expression levels of β-catenin and Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) gene in UVB treated group were significantly lower than that of the control group; Gene expression levels also varied with different UVB doses and durations, indicating statistically
Duo Jing Qiu1,2,3, Xin Yu1,2,3, Mao Jun Zhong1,2,3 and Long Jin1,2,3*
...anostictus displayed significant differences in body mass and relative testis mass between low- and high-altitude populations. Body mass and relative testis mass from the high-altitude population were larger than that of the low-altitude population in the species. We also found that testis mass increased with body mass and somatic condition. Furthermore, the somatic condition exhibited a significantly positive correlatio...
Zengwen Huang1,2, WuReliHazi Hazihan2*, Baheti Bodai2, Kadyken Rizabek3, Nuralieva Ulzhan3, Omarova Karlygash4, Juan Zhang1 and Yaling Gu1*
...t the plasmid interfered significantly with the expression of INHα gene in YM sheep. Our current findings can serve as a model for studying the effect of INHα on the breeding performance of YM sheep, providing a novel strategy to improve their reproductive capacities.
...
Huma Abbas1*, Nazir Javed1,Muhammad Kamran2, Sajid Aleem Khan1Hira Abbas3, Ehetisham-ul-Haq2, Abdul Jabbar1, Mehwish Naz1 and Ihsan Ullah4
...f egg masses was reduced significantly in Cure and Azadirachtin in treated (45.7, 58.2) as well untreated root portion (93.7, 80.7) respectively. In soil drench treatment, a significant higher reduction in the nematode reproduction parameters was observed in all the chemicals as compared to root dip method. Efficacy of all the chemicals was also tested in microplots already infested with nematode. Si...
Yan Zhou1,2, Hai Xia Han1,2, Qiu Xia Lei1,2, Jin Bo Gao1,2, Wei Liu1,2, Fu Wei Li1,2, Jie Liu1,2 and Ding Guo Cao1,2*
...1H1, H2H2 and H3H3) were significantly associated with egg production at age of 40W (E40) (P=0.0342) and egg production at age of 43W (E43) (P=0.0184). The egg production at age of 38W (E38), E40 and E43 of H2H2 chickens were all higher than those of the H1H1 and H3H3 chickens. Compared with H1H1 and H3H3 chickens, the highest mRNA levels of VLDLR were found in ovary, 6 mm - 8 mm follicles and 4 mm follicles from H2H2 chickens, and

Arifa Khan1*, Danish Anwar2, Shazia Erum3, Naveeda Riaz1, Shahid Riaz4, Tariq Rafique3 and Zafer Iqbal2

Screening of Exotic Potato Germplasm against Potato Virus PVX, PVY and PLRV through Biological and Serological Test (ELISA)
...mily Luteoviridae) cause significant yield loss of potato crop in the world including Pakistan. In this regard, 30 exotic potato genotypes were screened against the PVX, PVY and PLRV in field conditions during two seasons 2015-2016. Results showed that all the genotypes had resistance against PVX and PLRV however four genotypes (CIP-3, CIP-9, CIP-11 and CIP-14) were susceptible to PVY. Results regarding yield and tuber external quality showed that CIP-30 was t...

Shahzad Malik* and Ayesha Khan

Gap Analysis of Farmers’ Capacity Building by Public and Private Agriculture Extension Sectors in Central Plain Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...57.4%). There was highly significant (p≤0.01) difference among public and private services regarding capacity building of farmers in terms of farm management, improve marketing skills, harvesting techniques, organic farming, integrated pest management, seed rate ratio and orchard layout. Overall, there was a big gap in the performance of the public sector extension and private sector extension in capacity building. It is therefore, recommended that both the...
Yan Wen1, Liu Lian2, Zhuang Xun3, Murong Jiaying4, Cui Shuyi1, He Wanwen1, Mai Guanghuai5, Huang Wenzhu1, Chen Gang1,* and Wang Zhijun1,*
... (BODE) index were found significantly different in each group (P<0.05). Moreover, the results of the 6MWT, the FEV1/FVC, the HAM-D, the HAM-A, and the BODE comprehensive index between the two groups were different in a significant manner (P<0.05). Functional training based on rehabilitation performed in a garden setting for elderly patients with stable COPD alleviated patients’ symptoms,...

Israr Yasin1, Ismail Qureshi1*, Shahjahn Qaimkhani1, Gulam Mustafa Solangi3, Ismail Qaimkhani1, Ismail Brohi1 and Abdul Ahad Soomro2

A Perspective on Household Dairy Farming in District Naushahro Feroze, Sindh, Pakistan
...animals was found highly significant (p<0.01). On an average basis, 3.0% growth rate in livestock was estimated. The highest growth rate (5.0%) was recorded in buffaloes. Livestock contributed about 21.0% to household income (sale of milk 11% and sale of animals 10%). Relatively more proportion of females was recorded in livestock rearing (44.6%); followed by skilled labor (handicrafts: 28%), and agriculture (12.1%). 

...

Muhammad Ahsan Naseer1, Mehdi Maqbool1, Saima Rafiq2*, Noosheen Zahid1, Abdul Hamid1 and Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah1

Comparative Analysis of Physical and Biochemical Attributes of Edible Fig (Ficus carica L.) Collected from Three Districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Located at Different Elevations
...">Elevation could play a significant role in defining the final quality of fresh fruits. In AJK, fig is grown successfully in hilly areas such as Rawalakot, where the topography of this area is not even as compared to plane areas of this region. Therefore, current study was designed to assess the outcome of elevations on physical and biochemical attributes of wild fig collected from different localities of three selected Districts [Bagh (Arja, Bagh city, Dholi...

Amir Afzal, Muhammad Ijaz and Sayed Rashad Ali Shah*

Determination of Suitable Growth Stage for Application of Fungicide against Stripe Rust in Wheat
...tage did not boost yield significantly and ineffective from economic point of view.

...

Adnan Arshad1*, Huma Qamar2, Ristina Siti-Sundari3, Zhang Yue1, Muhammad Zubair2, Muhammad Ali Raza4, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rehman5 and Lizhen Zhang1*

Phenotypic Plasticity of Spineless Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Cultivars in Response to Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid under Rainfed Climate Conditions
...ile SA3-C3 resulted in a significant increase in yield and oil content. SA3 and SA4 showed substantial plasticity to maximum phenology parameters of C3, C4, and C5. Safflower treated with salicylic acid could adapt to wide range even though in the extreme weather and drought conditions in rainfed agriculture. Spineless safflower cultivars could be a future way forward as a potential parallel crop to ensure a sustainable source of production in rainfed regions ...

Kanwar Muhammad Raheel Mehboob1, Rashid Iqbal2*, Muhammad Israr3,4, Jaweria Shamshad5, Umair Riaz6, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman7,8, Fawad Ali9, Arif Nawaz10, Maliha Sarfraz11, Abdul Waheed12, Muhammad Tahir Khan13 and Muhammad Aslam2

 

Assessment of the Consequences of Heat Changes on Cotton Cultivars Growth, Phenology and Yield at Different Sowing Regimes
...rature for best yield is significant so as to get maximum production. In current examination, a field test was directed to evaluate the phenology, relative development, ideal sowing time, comparative growth just as yield execution of three cultivars of Bacillus thuringiensis Cotton (Bt. Cotton) at different sowing systems during summer 2015 at cotton research station Regional Agriculture Research Institute Bahawalpur (RARI) Pakistan. The test was directed in a...

Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi1*, Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele2 and Ibrahim Maharazu3

Profitability Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Soyabean (Glycine max) Value Chain among Actors in Abuja, Nigeria
...actors statistically and significantly influencing market efficiency of soyabeans were: gender (P<0.05), marital status (P < 0.01), household size (P < 0.01), level of education (P<0.01), and contact with extension agent (P <0.05). Problems or constraints facing marketers of soyabeans were: sales price instability, high cost of transportation, storage problems, lack of credit facilities, and bad road infrastructures. The retained components obse...

Abid Khan*, Mukhtar Alam, Yousaf Jamal and Hidayat Ullah

Appraisal of Yield and Yield Components of Wheat with Integrated Management of Nitrogen Sources
...utive years, N6 resulted significantly maximum spike length (9.8 cm), spikes m-2 (303), grains spike-1 (43.1), 1000 grain weight (34.71 g) and grain yield (3917 kg ha-1) showing an increase of 122.2% in grain yield over the control. Significant improvements in above-mentioned parameters were observed during 2016-17 as compared to 2015-16. It is concluded that integrated use of ½ of the added N from Urea and ½ f...

Muhammad Jawad1*, Shahid Riaz Malik1, Rana Muhammad Atif2, Haris Ahmed2 and Muhammad Shahzad Afzal3

Species Identification of Gram Wilt Complex through ITS Region by PCR-RFLP Analysis
...c factor that contribute significantly in yield loss. Wilt complex is caused by various pathogens, including diverse type of Fusarium species. Molecular approach is a useful technique for the identification of wilt complex pathogens. The study conducted to identify the polygenetic association of the pathogens of chickpea wilt complex. Universal Rice Primers based diversity analysis indicates high polymorphism within the collected wilt isolates. Primers ITS 1 a...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmad1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Sami Ullah2, Adeel Abbas3, Ijaz Ahmed4 and Muhammad Zeshan5

Effect of Balance Use of Fertilizers on Performance of Wheat Under Arid Climatic Condition
...l, addition of nutrients significantly increased plant height and the highest plant height (86.5 cm) was observed at 86:58:62.5 kg NPK/ha treatment. Maximum tillers/plant (3.1), spikelet’s/plant (2.9), and spike length (8.9 cm) was found in 86-58-62.5-3 kg NPK + Zn/ha treatment. Furthermore, highest grains/spike (83.4), 1000 grain weight (4.3 g), and yield (6381 kg/ha) was found in 86-58-62.5-3 kg NPK + Br/ha treatment. Our results demonstrated that comp...

Talib Hussain Solangi1, Bhai Khan Solangi1*, Muhammad Saleem Sarki2, Muhammad Akbar Lashari1, Mubeena Pathan3, Velo Suthar4, Barkatullah Qureshi4, Mitha Khan6, Razzak Amin Shah5 and Aeman Afzal6

Varietal Preference of Sucking Insect Pests on Mustard Varieties, Sindh, Pakistan
...is erysimi Kalt.) varied significantly among varieties (P<0.05), observation dates (P<0.01) as well as varieties × observation dates interaction (P<0.01).The lowest whitefly population of 2.88±0.37/plant was monitored on mustard variety ‘S-9’; while highest population of 4.36±0.42/plant was recorded on variety ‘Bard-2’. Thrips showed that lowest thrips population of 7.30±1.81/plant was recorded on mus...
Safina Naz1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Bushra Siddique3, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4 and Abdur Rehman5 
 
Exogenous Application of Selected Antioxidants and Phyto Development Directors Influenced the Development, Output and Biochemical Attributes of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)
...ts/million) give rise to significantly taller plants and greater leaf area while, shorter plants and lower leaf area was recorded in control. Greater leaf number per plant was obtained with application of GA3(100 ppm). This was followed by salicylic acid (200 ppm). Leaf number was significantly lesser in the plants grown in control. Significantly greater fruit count /plant, length of fruit...

Safina Naz1*, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Bushra Siddique2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3*, Sajid Ali1, Hassan Sardar1, Sakeena Tul Ain Haider1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4, Hajra Azeem3, Sibghat Ullah5, Shah Pasand6 and Zehri Khan5

Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation Frequency on Growth, Yield and Heavy Metals Accumulation of Tomato and Okra
...of sewage water showed a significant increase in the addressed attributes of production in okra. The yield, as well as growth aspects of the okra, were reduced noticeably by using the reasonably less repetitive application. Frequent sewage water application resulted in an increased amount of Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd in okra pods and tomato fruits than moderately and less repetitive irrigation. The leaves and root of okra and tomato displayed the higher conten...
Chao Zhao1,2, Sigang Fana2 and Lihua Qiua2,3,*
... the survival rates were significantly lower but the nitrite concentration and vibrio numbers (before mysis stage) were considerably higher than those in other ponds (P < 0.05), indicating that nitrite and vibrios influenced P. monodon survival during larva culture. Nitrite and nitrate concentrations increased from day 6, and increased dramatically by day 12. Total ammonia concentration increased continuously from day 1 to 15. Heterotrophic ba...

Muhammad Shakeel1*, Mudussar Nawaz1, Zahid Naseer1, Muhammad Fiaz1, Asghar Khan1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Awais Ur Rehman1, Ahmad Yar Qamar2 and Ali Raza3

Caprine and Ovine Serological Evidence of Brucellosis in Five Districts of Punjab, Pakistan
...e of brucellosis differs significantly (P<0.05) among sheep and goat breeds, and Thalli sheep and Teddy goats had higher (P<0.05) seropositivity compared to the other sheep or goat breeds. The prevalence was relatively higher (P<0.05) in male animals than female animals, regardless of species. However, sheep or goat age groups did not influence (P>0.05) the brucellosis seroprevalence. Among seropositive animals, significant...

Inam Ullah1, Mahfooz Khan2*, Munir Khan2, Himayatullah Khan2 and Azra3

Factors Affecting Different Wheat Varieties Yield in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis
...ct of (weedicides) was insignificant. While for Pirsabaaq-8 wheat variety irrigation was found insignificant and for Pirsabaaq-13, wheat variety the effect of seed was insignificant. It was observed that majority of the farmers were illiterate and do not apply the recommended amount of inputs due to its high prices/lack of availability of irrigation water. It is recommended that respondent...

Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2

An Empirical Analysis of Economic Efficiency and Farm Size of Cotton Farmers
... cotton crop timely were significant socioeconomic factors that affect farmers efficiency level. Medium farm size cotton farmers were producing higher cotton yield and earning higher per acre gross profit (Rs. 18142.28) relatively to small (Rs. 15232.94) and large (Rs. 8231.349) farm size cotton farmers. There is a need for significant prolong state-based policy measures for provision of adequate and quality based crop input...

Amit Sharma1* and Pankaj Sood2

Sonographic Assessment of Ovarian Follicular Dynamics during Breeding and Non-Breeding Season in Gaddi Goats
... the NB season. Whereas, significantly higher maximum diameter of DF (7.66±0.10 versus 7.11±0.14 mm, P<0.05) and longer Inter wave interval (IWI) between 2nd and 3rd wave (5.81±0.46 versus 4.28±0.28 days) were observed during NB season. Average mean P4 concentration was 0.30±0.04 ng/ml throughout the period of observation during NB whereas, peak P4 concentration of 11.89±1.55 ng/ml was observed at Day 14 of estrous ...

Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1, Yonis Abukar Mohamed2, Osman Sheikh Ali Jama3, Pravin Mishra4* and Mohamed Idiris Mohamed5 

Prevalence and Major Pathogens Associated with Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Benadir Region of Somalia
...is in the study area was significantly low this might be because of the environmental factors as well as the hygienic managements of the farms. Therefore, implementation of integrated approaches has great importance in the study sites for the avoidance and management of mastitis hence minimizing economic loss and prevents significant public health risks.

...

Md. Aminul Islam1*, A.N.M. Aminoor Rahman2, Mohammad Shah Alam3 and Md. Taimur Islam4

Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis in Quail in Bangladesh
...Trichuris spp. (1.5%). A significant difference in nematodiasis in different farms has not observed (p > 0.05). These findings help to undertake preventive measures for controlling gastrointestinal nematodiasis in quail farms in Bangladesh. Further studies should undertake for diagnosing other types of parasitic diseases in quails in Bangladesh.

...

Paul Oludare Adetunji* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola

Comparative Productive Performance among three Plumage Varieties of Noiler Hens
... colour difference had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the onset of puberty as lower age at first egg were recorded in brown and black pullets compared to the barred pullets. Black hens had the best performance in most of the egg production indices with the values of 61.57±0.56g, 68.38±2.49%, 157±3.55 eggs, 2.39±0.05, NGN266.56±8.31 and 12 weeks (at 85.37%) for egg weight at 52nd week of age, HDEP, number of eggs per peri...

Malik Gul Hassan Awan, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz, Muhammad Ansar, Adeel Anwar, Umber Abbasi and Hashmat Mahmood

Influence of Foliar Application of Mineral Nutrients on Biological Nitrogen Fixation of Rainfed Soybean
...application of nutrients significantly increased biological nitrogen fixation, number of pods per plant and finally grain yield in soybean.

...

Abdul Jalal, Abdur Rab* and Naveed Ahmad

Aloe Vera Gel Coating Retains Persimmon Fruit (Diospyros kaki) Quality during Storage at Room Temperature
... vera gel concentrations significantly decreased the loss of persimmon fruit quality during storage at room temperature. Storage at room temperature (26±2 °C) resulted in significant decline in fruit firmness, percent acidity, and ascorbic acid content with a concomitant increase in total soluble solids (TSS), organoleptic quality (Taste) score and decay incidence. Coating of persimmon fruits with 30% Aloe vera ge...

Iram Sharif1*, Amna Nazir1, Eram Shahzadi2, Shahid Munir Chohan3 and Ghulam Sarwar4

Influence of Sowing Dates on Cotton Growth (Gossypium hirsutum), Yield and Fiber Quality
...rength were not affected significantly due to sowing dates effects. In addition to yield, fiber quality of FH-6071was better in both sowing dates with average fiber length, strength and micronaire values 27.3 mm, 30.87 g/tex and 4.5 µg/inch respectively. The results showed that late planting produced less yield due to shorter growing period. Among fiber quality parameters, length and strength were not affected significant<...

Shahid Nadeem1*, Taj Naseeb Khan1, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Adnan Younis2 and Iram Fatima3

Influence of Plant Growth Regulators by Foliar Application on Vegetative and Floral physiognomies of Gladiolus
...cation of GA3 and SA had significant influence on vegetative as well as floral traits of gladiolus. The maximum numbers of days (7.90) for the sprouting of gladiolus corms were counted with 1mM of SA similarly maximum plant height (93.60cm) and maximum numbers of leaves (9.86) were observed by 1.75mM SA. The relationship between plant’s vegetative phase and growth regulators stood noteworthy resulted in maximum leaf length (71.14cm), rachis length (57.33...

Attiq ur Rehman1,2*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil3 and Ihtisham Ali4

Genetic Diversity and Traits Association in Tetraploid and Hexaploid Wheat Genotypes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan
...dy traits, statistically significant differences were observed. Except for the flag leaf area and days to maturity, durum vs. spring wheat contrast was significant for all other studied parameters. The flag leaf area of durum wheat was more than that of spring wheat and it took fewer days to initiate heading as well. In contrast, spring wheat genotypes had more average plant height, tillers m-2, spikes m-2, 1000-grain weight...

Yasir Arafat1*, Syeda Nabahat2, Hafiz Ullah3, Afaq Ali Muluk4 and Azra5

An Analysis of Energy Supply and Oil Price Shocks on Agricultural Productivity of Pakistan
...ductivity positively and significantly while oil prices negatively affect the productivity in Pakistan. It is also observed that Pakistan lacks behind in using modern scientific techniques of testing and processing agriculture land and seeds for higher per acre yield which affects farmers directly. Most of the farmers either use electricity or oil to run the tube well for irrigation, increase in the prices of both electricity and oil affect crop productivity n...

Zahir Shah1*, Saima Munawar1, Ihsan Ullah2, Taif Shah3, Haq Aman Ullah1, Saqib Nawaz1, Farhan Anwar Khan1 and Manoj Kumar Shah4

Combined Physico-chemical and Analgesic Effects of Electroacupuncture Plus Clonidine in Goats
...f clonidine. Moreover, a significantly lower serum glucose concentration was noted in EA plus 10µg/kg of clonidine treated goats at 15-60 min than those treated with clonidine alone. Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, alanine/aspartate aminotransferase activities, and hematological variables for differently treated groups were insignificant. In conclusion, EA combined with a low dose of 10µg/kg of clonidine provide...

Tahseen Ullah* and Noor ul Amin

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts
...ude extracts were having significant effects on the bacterial growth in bacteria growth medium while bacterial strains and concentrations have also significant affected the bacteria growth and zone of inhibitions by different concentration. However, the various concentration and bacterial strains were having significant effect on bacteria growth at 0.05 level of Probability. The interactio...

Qurrat ul Ain Akbar*, Saqib Arif, Shahid Yousaf, Salman Khurshid and Najmus Sahar

Effects of Flour Particle Size on Farinographic Properties of Wheat Dough
...ze. However, there was insignificant and non-consistent effects were found on dough development time. The information generated from this study would be useful in the preparation of whole wheat flour products including traditional flat bread and fiber enriched items.

...

Shahzad Khan*, Munir Khan, Inayatullah Jan, Mahfooz Khan and Fida Muhammad Khan

Determinants of Sugarcane Yield in District Charsadda, Pakistan
... fertilizer positive and significant determinants, with coefficients 0.5011, 0.2916 and 0.2796, respectively. While tractor and labour costs were noted insignificant. For the wider interest of sugarcane growers and for the growth of agriculture sector, the study recommends reduction in the prices of fertilizers and suggests the Government to develop high yielding Hybrid varieties and to improve the provision of certified/tes...

Shaiza Rasool1, Iftikhar Ahmad1*, Khurram Ziaf1, Irfan Afzal2, Muhammad A.S. Khan1, Muhammad Aashir Sajjad1 and Muhammad Zain Ali1

Seed Conditioning Effects on Germination Performance, Seedling Vigor and Flower Production of Zinnia elegans
...ation (T50) although not significantly different from treatments with 50 mT for 5 or 10 min. or 75 mT for 5 min. In field trials, seeds primed with MLE alone or in combination with magnetically treated water (MTW) produced the tallest plants (104 cm) with longer internodes and the largest canopy diameter (42.4 cm). Using MLE along with MTW produced greater plant fresh weight (137 g), more flowers (27.5), and larger flower diameter (9.7 cm) similar to the resul...

Muhammad Zamin1*, Anees Muhammad1, Ibadullah Jan1, Hidayat Ullah1, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin3 and Haroon Ur Rashid4

Production of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) as Affected by Bulb Size and Planting Medium

Muhammad Zamin1*, Anees Muhammad1, Ibadullah Jan1, Hidayat Ullah1, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin3 and Haroon Ur Rashid4

Production of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) as Affected by Bulb Size and Planting Medium
Muhammad Zahid Mengal1, Hamida Ali2, Raheela Asmat3, Muhammad Naeem1,4, Ferhat Abbas1, Abdul Samad1, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa1, Jannat Raza2 and Tauseef M. Asmat1*
.../268) with statistically significant difference (χ2= 104.5, p<0.001)]. Among 899 MTB positive cases, 46 (5.1%) were RIF-resistance caused by various rpoB gene mutations within 81-bp RRDR. Most of the RIF-resistant isolates were observed to harbor mutationsin Probe E 78.3% (n=36) whereas mutations in Probe A, B, D were observed 2.2% (n=1), 4.3% (n=2), and 6.5% (n=3), respectively. However, none of cases had RIF-resistance associated wit...
Sajad Ali1*, Naeem Ur Rehman Khatak1, Iftikhar Ahmad2, Jangraiz Khan3 and Azra4
Impact of Socioeconomic Factors and farm Size on Wheat Productivity: A Case Study of District Peshawar, Pakistan
...ion function to test any significant productivity differentials (if any) between two farm groups. A significant difference was found awing to the socioeconomic factors of two farm groups. Moreover, the Chow F-Ratio confirmed the differences between small and large farms in terms of yield. The statistical value of dummy variable posted higher productivity for the large farms (almost 14%). Hence, results call for higher attent...

Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Subhan1, Muhammad Nisar2, Ali Hazrat2, Zahid Fazal1, Gul Rahim2, Imran Ahmad1, Riaz ul Haq1 and Shamia Bibi1

Genetic Diversity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarus L.) Collected from Different Ecological Zones of Malakand Division (A Part of the Sino Japanese Region of Pakistan)
...ualitative traits showed significant level of diversity like seed shape was determined by two alleles, seed color was defined by 13 numbers of alleles and four alleles were responsible for flower color. Similarly, the quantitative traits showed 73% diversity in the parameters studied. However, it was different in individual characters. In overall, 59% of the yield contributing traits showed significant level of correlation i...

Malik Abdul Rehman1, Shafqat Ali1, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal1, Muhammad Nawaz Khan1 and Mujahid Ali2*

Efficacy of Chemicals and Botanical Extracts to Control Citrus Canker on Kinnow in Sargodha Region
...different chemicals also significantly influenced the fruit quality regarding fruit weight, fruit size, peel thickness, and juice weight. Copper oxychloride and A. cepa extract-treated plant revealed better results. The use of copper oxychloride, difenconazole, and extracts of A. cepa and D. alba are recommended to citrus growers to control canker in Kinnow plantations during the critical period.

...

Muhammad Imran1,2*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Amer Rasul3

Brown Leaf Spot: An Exacerbated Embryonic Disease of Rice: A Review
...ciously is the alternate significant method for quick and efficient control of diseases and improving the yield of rice. While, the use of phytoextracts and antagonist are considered to be safe, eco-friendly, cost-effective economically and biodegradable. The use of plant activators as another new strategy that activates the defense system of plants and reduces the disease. The plants which are scarce nutrients are more prone to disease as compared to nutrient...
Mikail Arslan1, Orhan Yilmaz2, Bahattin Cak2* and Ahmet Fatih Demirel2
...n on estrus rate was not significant (P>0.05). The effect of mating season on lambing rate and litter size was significant (P<0.01). The effects of mating season and birth type on survival rate at weaning were significant (P<0.05). Effect of mating season on body weights at birth and weaning was significant (P<0.01). The findings of the curre...
Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Shahid Mehmood2*, Athar Mahmud2Khalid Javed3 and Jibran Hussain2

 

... this difference was not significant (P>0.05). Similarly, there were no differences (P>0.05) in serum biochemical indices, and immune-related parameters among the diets. The experimental group fed compost at 10% showed the lowest (P=0.0001) feed cost per kg weight gain compared to control group. These results indicate that it is possible to feed diets containing up to 10% compost to growing meat quails without compromising growth performance, carcass cha...
Asim Faraz*
...sphorus were found to be significantly different higher in IMS compared to SIMS and EMS. The levels of urea, creatinine and glucose were found to be varied (P>0.05) among groups. Regarding hair mineral status Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn concentrations were found to be significantly different (P<0.05) among calf groups in IMS, SIMS and EMS.
...
Rabea Ejaz1*, Saima Qadeer2,Muhammad Sajjad Ansari3, Bushra Allah Rakha4Shazia Shamas5, Iram Maqsood1, Asma Ul Husna6, Asima Azam1 and Shamim Akhter6
...n vivo fertility was significantly improved in buffaloes inseminated with semen containing 20.0 ng/mL of arachidic acid (58.64%) compared to control (46.06%). In conclusion, addition of arachidic acid (20.0 ng/mL) in extender significantly enhanced quality and in vivo fertility of post thaw buffalo semen.
...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Dorcas Yilger Gotom1, Noble Allison Chiehiura1, Julius Ocheme Okojokwu1, David Ochola Amanyi2, John Otumala Egbere1, Joshua Adetunji1, Otobo Innocent Ujah3 and Onyemocho Audu4

The Seroprevalence of Zika Virus Infection among HIV Positive and HIV Negative Pregnant Women in Jos, Nigeria
...ative) IgG antibodies. A significant association was found with age category among the HIV negative pregnant women p=0.012, and in the history of blood transfusion among the HIV positive participants, p=0.013. No association with educational level, employment, marital and resident, gestational trimester, fever, yellow fever vaccination, rashes and parity was found for anti-ZIKV IgG positivity in the groups. Our results showed high seroprevalence among the preg...

Mushtaq Ahmad Khan*, Abdul Basir and Beena Saeed

Biochar Improves Phenological and Physiological Attributes of Wheat in Soil Amended with Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Sources
...f 20 and/or 30 t BC ha-1 significantly delayed booting, anthesis, physiological maturity in wheat, and resulted in higher leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI), plant height, number of tillers and spikes m-2 when compared to control. Whereas, application of 150 kg N ha-1 as urea, FYM and PM, delayed booting, anthesis, physiological maturity in wheat and increased plant height and spikes m-2 of wheat. Similarly, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1 applied from PM, FYM and ur...
Abida Parveen1, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Nazir Javed1, Anam Moosa1*, Khushboo Javaid1, Hina Safdar1 and Asma Safdar2
...ration. Plant growth was significantly enhanced in plants treated with MO extracts, SK and their combinations compared to MI treated control plants. The total number of infective juveniles/g root and soil, galls, egg masses, females were highest in MI treated plants while lowest in plants treated with a combination of MI + SK + aqueous MO + ethanolic MO after 60 days of inoculation. SK and MO has demonstrated significant pot...

Dalal H. Sary and Rama T. Rashad*

A Comparative Study on the Impact of Compost, Humate, and Silicate on the Nutritional Characteristics of Calcareous Soil Cultivated by Soybean
...able N (mg kg-1) in soil significantly at a significance level of P = .05 by 77.78 % compared to the control. The 100 % application rate of compost showed the most significant increase in seed yield (kg ha-1, 84.88%) followed by K-H (69.07%) then K-Si (67.39%) compared to the control. Also, compost at rate 100 % showed the most significant increase of protein and total N (~77.07%) followed...

Kubilay Ucar1, Sait Engindeniz1* and Jozef Palkovic2

Risk and Return Analysis of Open-Field Tomato Grown in Turkey: A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach
... ha-1. Risk factors that significantly influence the tomato production are the production amount, total costs and variable costs.

...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Olubumi Atolani2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji3
Toxicity Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on Pratylenchus spp. of Zea mays
... oil (ECSG/EO) exhibited significant (p<0.05) toxicity, reduced nematode population and increased grain yield (6.79 kg) compared to the standard, carbofuran (CBFN) (7.18 kg) The Eucalyptus globulus ethanol extract fractions (ECSG/EtOH) showed moderate effect, while the chopped leaf materials used as soil amendment (ECSG/AMDM) exhibited the least potency among all the treatments. Spectroscopic analysis by GCMS revealed the presence of terpenoids and phenolic...

Umar Hayat1*, Ibrar Hussin2, Aftab Alam3 and Khalid Khan4

Time Series Analysis of Child Mortality in Pakistan: An Application of Bootstrap ARDL
...real GDP per capita is a significant variable responsible for decline in child mortality thereby confirms the hypothesis of MT. The study however, does not find statistical evidence in favor of the hypothesis of SDT due to meager allocation to health sector in case of Pakistan. Allocation of sufficient fund to health sector specifically targeting maternal and child health is expected to reduce child mortality in a rapid speed in the country.

...

Asif Ali Abro1* and Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar2

Impact of Various Factors on Crop Diversification Towards High Value Crops in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis by using THI
...nd showed a positive and significant relationship with crop diversification. Per capita income, urbanization, and profitability of minor crops were taken as demand side factors. Per capita income, urbanization and profitability of minor crops regression coefficients showed positive and significant impact on crop diversification. The technology was determined using fertilizers, the number of tubewells, Net Area Sown (NAS) and...

Safiullah1, Azmat Ali Awan2, Mohammad Ilyas3, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Arshad Iqbal3*, Muhammad Adil3 and Asad Ullah1

Effects of Different Concentrations of Naphthalene Acetic Acid on Rooting of Various Olive Varieties
...AA concentrations showed significant results for all variables except days to root appearance, length of shoot (cm), shoot diameter (cm), branches cutting-1, and plant survival (%). It was concluded that the variety, Nocellara treated with 3000 ppm of NAA solution showed best results on growth variables.

...

Mehnaz Safdar and Urooba Pervaiz*

Constraints in Accessing Agricultural Extension Services by Rural Women: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...is revealed that age had significant association with involvement in decision making. It means that by increasing age of the respondents, the tendency towards involvement in decision-making increases. Literacy had non-significant association with decision making and training attended. Similarly, various barriers were identified having significant impact on the probability to attend trainin...

Ashraf Ismail Afia1 and Ahmed Soliman Mohmed El-Nuby2*

Soybean Genotypes Response to Root-Gall Nematode
Muhammad Awais Nazir1, Khalid Mahmood Anjum1, Junaid Naseer1, Ahsan Anjum2, Aneela Zameer Durrani3, Saba Usman2, Muhammad Asif Munir1, Omer Naseer4 and Muhammad Usman3,*
...e of fish fed diet 4 was significantly lower than that of fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). The dietary inclusion of SBM up to level of 35% did not affect the blood biochemical parameters of rainbow trout, and was associated with acceptable growth performance. In conclusion, the SBM can be included in diet of Oncorhynchus mykiss at 35%, while keeping the level of FM and fish oil at 51%, and 1%, respectively.
...
Wajahat Azeem1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Tooba Hamid2
... fungus and plant caused significant hatching inhibition and larval mortality of M. incognita. The hatching inhibition and mortality was the maximum at 100% concentrations of both the agents while the minimum inhibition and mortality was obtained at 25% concentration. No statistical difference was observed between T. harzianum and A. indica in causing hatching inhibition and larval mortality. Numbers of galls, egg masses and reproductive f...
Rida Younas1*, Tamseela Mumtaz1, Nabeela Roohi2 and Muhammad Amir Iqbal3
...rum IL-6 and IL-8 showed significant difference among control and GOLD stages II, III and IV (both P< 0.05). The level of IL-6 was highest in GOLD stage II and lowest in stage III significantly (P< 0.05). However, serum IL-8 was highest in GOLD stage IV and lowest in control significantly (P< 0.05). Over left groups were not significantly differ...

Asma Rashid Tariq1,2*, Saadia R. Tariq2, Tariq Mahmud1 and Misbah Sultan1*

Selective Capture of CO2 from Mixture of Different Gases using Cellulose Acetate, Polyimide, Polysulfone and some other Polymers based Mixed Matrix Membranes: A Review
...ed separation is gaining significant importance day by day. A number of different polymers have been employed for the fabrication of mixed matrix membranes for example cellulose acetate, polyimides, polysulfone, pebax, polybenzimidazole, polymer of intrinsic porosity, polyurethane, chitosan and many more. Likewise, along with other fillers, Metal organic frame works have also been tested as additive for the mixed matrix membranes as they offer several advantag...

Muhammad Nazar1, Chaudhary Muhammad Ayyub2, Mujahid Ali3*, Malik Abdul Rehman4, Shoib ur Rehman5 and Saqib Ayyub2

Amelioration of Thermo-Tolerance Ability in Spinacia oleracea L. Cultivars by Foliar Application of Chitosan
...n of chitosan was a very significant tool. Three cultivars of spinach (All Pure Green, Desi Local, and Lahori Palak) were grown at normal temperature 18/20°C (day/night temperature) and then after four weeks after emergence 40/32°C (day/night temperature) was given by gradually enhancing 2°C per day. After one week of heat stress (40/32°C), four treatments (25, 50, 75, 100 ppm) of chitosan were applied as a foliar spray on spinach cultivars in ...

Muhammad Ramzan1, Muneer Abbas1*, Sohail Abbas2, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Aslam1, Javed Anwar Shah1, Muhammad Irshad1 and Mudassar Khaliq1

Incidence of Different Aphid Species on Various High Yielding Wheat Varieties
...er cultivation playing a significant role in economic stability of Pakistan. Among other pests aphid is a major one which contributes towards low yield on wheat farms. Different wheat developmental periods, i.e., seedling (SS), tillering (TS), stem elongation (SES), heading (HS), dough (DS) and ripening (RS) were studied. Through evaluating, seven varieties i.e. Sahar-2006, Faisalabad-2008, Punjab-2011, Galaxi-2013, Gold-2016, Fakhr-e-Bhakkar-2017 and Bhakkar ...

Malik Abdul Rehman1*, Hafiz Muhammad Ehsan2, Tehseen Ashraf2, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani3, Sajjad Khan3 and Mujahid Ali2

Effect of Growing Media on Plant Growth of Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) and Poncirus (Citrus trifoliata)
...survival percentage were significant in different growing media after everyone months of transplantation. Various media i.e. peatmass+soil+sawdust, leafmanure+soil+sawdust, compost+silt+sawdust, leaf manure+silt+saw dust, compost+soil+sand was proved promising growing media than the other treatments. However, T8 proved superior in rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri) than other treatments. Minimum stem length, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and survival p...
Hong Hu1, 2, Li Qian1, Yuanlang Wang1, Chaodong Wu1, Xiaodong Zhang1, Yueyun Ding 1*, Li Wang1, Xudong Wu1, Wei Zhang1, Dengtao Li1, Jian Ding1, Min Yang1 and Zongjun Yin1*
...ai pigs. The top 10 most significant Gene Ontology (GO) terms included catalytic activity, binding, cell, cytoplasm, positive regulation of multicellular organismal process, biological regulation, cellular process, etc. There were 54 significant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid metabolism, regulation o...
Shakeel Ahmed* and Sarwat Jahan
...(EIA) kits. 48 h fasting significantly (P<0.001) decreased plasma T levels but it did not cause any significant (P>0.05) change in plasma GH levels compared to normal fed monkeys. NMS injection induced a significant increase (P<0.05) in T and GH concentrations compared to saline treated animals suggesting the possible involvement of GH in NMS induced secretion of testosterone. In ...

Syeda Farzana Bibi* and Siraj ud Din

Unraveling the Bioherbicidal Potential, Elemental Analysis and Nutritional Evaluation of Crataeva adansonii Dc Leaf and Bark
...d substances can exhibit significant results with lesser side effects, and they are easily accessible and more economical than their synthetic alternatives. This study aims to conduct a phytotoxic study of ethanolic extract of Crataeva adansonii DC. leaf and stem bark for assessment of its bioherbicidal potential. Elemental and nutritional analysis of the plant parts was also done to accentuate this plant’s use in the nutritional and agricultural industr...
Hamida Sarwar1, Kousar Perveen1,Rida Mazhar2, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Amir Gilani3
...c has been shown to have significant effects on the mental health of people all across the globe, generally, and healthcare workers, particularly. This report is a cross-sectional study comprising statistical data and mental health measurements from HCW including doctors, nurses, and paramedics from DHQ Hospital, Jhelum, Punjab Pakistan during the period April 24, 2020, to May 09, 2020. Healthcare professionals in hospitals equipped with flu filter clinics and...
Tehreem Zahra1, Muhammad Irfan1, Muhammad Nadeem2, Misbah Ghazanfar1, Qurratulain Ahmad3, Shaukat Ali4, Farzana Siddique5, Zarina Yasmeen6, Marcelo Franco7
...model proposed was found significant. The cellulase produced could be potentially used in industries especially for biofuel production. 
 
Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Amjad Islam Aqib2*, Ambreen Ashar3Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Muhammad Shoaib4Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1 and Shagufta Nighat5
...herapeutic drug use were significantly (p<0.05) associated with rise in S. aureus in dairy milk. All the tested isolates were found 100% resistant to Cefotaxime, Fusidic acid, and Ampicillin while 60-80% of these isolates were found sensitive to Cefoxitin, Gentamicin, Trimethoprim + Sulphamethoxazole, and Oxytetracycline. Except Trimethoprim + Sulphamethoxazole, non-significant differences (p>0.05)...
Babar Zahoor, Basharat Ahmad*,Riaz Aziz Minhas and Muhammad Siddique Awan
...ntensity during 2015 was significantly higher than 2013 and 2014 (χ2=376.16; df=2; p≤0.001). Among livestock (n=304), goats, sheep and cattle were reported killed between 2013 and 2015. The total estimated cost of livestock killings during 2103-2015 was $38260 and estimated cost ($25180) during 2015 was significantly different from 2013 and 2014 (χ2=19463.28; df=2; p≤0.001). During the stu...
Yasir Sharif1, Saba Irshad1*, Ammara Muazzam1, Muhammad Hamza Tariq1, Ambreen Kanwal1, Sana Rasheed1, Mabel Baxter Dalrymple2 and Anam Tariq1
... and BTM patients showed significant deviation from control in both hematological and hepatic profile (P < 0.05). Examination for secondary complications revealed that Pallor sign was observed in 79.6% of patients, followed by splenomegaly (64.9%) and hepatomegaly (9%). As far as the control group is concerned no complication was found in that group. Current study provides sufficient evidence to justify advanced therapies to overcome secondary complications...
Jian Yang1, Guangxiang Tong2, Zhipeng Sun2, Xianhu Zheng2, Weihua Lv2, Dingchen Cao2, Xiaowen Sun2 and Youyi Kuang2*
...s, the mutants showed no significant differences in the 5 gene expressions. Among different development stages, the expression levels and patterns of the 5 genes in the mutants were similar to that of WT zebrafish in both embryonic and post-embryonic development stages. Furthermore, the results of histological analyses of the muscle fiber showed that there were no significant differences in muscle fiber density between imbs ...

Faiqah Ramzan1,2,*, Irfan Zia Qureshi2 and Muhammad Haris Ramzan3

... and LH were found to be significantly reduced in kisspeptin treated groups of 1µg dose (p<0.01) and 1ηg dose (p<0.05) whereas the dose of 10ρg had shown no significant change. Kisspeptin doses of 1ηg and 1µg lead to significant reduction in quantity of elongated spermatids and daily sperm production (p<0.05; p<0.001), step 7 spermatids (p<0.05; p<...

Turgay Şişman1,*, Muhammet Çağrı Keskin1, Hatice Dane1, Şeymanur Adil1, Fatime Geyikoğlu1, Suat Çolak2 and Esra Canpolat1

...s in erythrocytes showed significant differences between the sites. Quantitative analyzes of histopathological and nuclear alterations indicated that the highest effects of pollutants in frogs were at the agricultural sites in June.
...
Xia Li1*, Xueliang Zhan1 and Xinjie Shi2
...e improvement effect was significantly superior in the study group, p<0.05. The arterial blood gas analysis showed that the arterial blood PO2 was elevated and PCO2 was decreased in the study group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). It was concluded that the application of ulinastatin combined with ambroxol in the treatment of AECOPD complicated with type II respiratory failur...
Feng Xu1,2,3*, Weikang Yang1,2,3*, Ming Ma1,2,3 and David A. Blank4
...ors were thought to have significant impacts on vigilance. Here, in this study we considered only three of them: group size, disturbance, and predation vulnerability and their impact on the vigilance of the Demoiselle crane (Antropoides virgo). Our results showed that group size, human disturbance, and predation vulnerability significantly affect Demoiselle crane’s vigilance. With increasing of group size, the p...
Yujun Zhao and Jianping Fan*
...(10, 20 and 40 μL/mL) significantly increased (p <0.05), the apoptosis rate increased (p <0.05), the expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased (p <0.05), the expression of Bax protein significantly increased (p <0.05), and the activity of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 increased (p <0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Hence, this can be concluded that Kanglaite injection can effectivel...
Mudussar Nawaz1, Iahtasham Khan2, Muhammad Shakeell*, Arfan Yousaf1, Zahid Naseer1, Munibullah1, Ali Zohaib3, Riaz Hussain4 and Qudrat Ullah5
... history of abortion was significantly associated (P<0.05) with Brucella positive MRT and milk i-ELISA tests. In contrast, history of stillbirth had no significant association with anti-Brucella antibody titers. In conclusion, brucellosis is prevalent in Islamabad Capital Territory.
...
Yahui Wang1, Ling Ren1, Yishen Xing1, Xin Hu1, 2, Qian Li1, Lingyang Xu1, Junya Li1* and Lupei Zhang1*
...fic genes also increased significantly in BMP4 or rosiglitazone treated cells. The result indicated that BMP4 and rosiglitazone could promote adipogenesis and be applied in adipogenic differentiation of fetal bovine derived progenitor cells.
...

Agustine Christela Melviana1, Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Maizirwan Mel3, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani4 and Juris Burlakovs5

Gene Expression Related to Steviol Glycoside Synthesis Produced in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Shoot Culture Induced with High Far-Red LED Light in TIS RITA® Bioreactor System
.... Hitherto, there was no significant study about the effect of far-red LED induction to improve the steviol glycoside content of Stevia plants, particularly at the molecular level. This research was therefore performed in the TIS RITA® bioreactor system to evaluate the effect of far-red LED induction towards biomass growth, multigene expression related to steviol glycosides, and its derivatives, and also the metabolites produced in S. rebaudiana plant. The...

Samia Ikram1*, Riaz ur Rehman1, Farwa Batool2 and Atyab Amjad3

Evaluation of Bird of Paradise for Commercial Flower Production by using Organic Manures
...h study revealed that T2 significantly contributes to commercial cut flower production of Bird of paradise in agro metrological conditions of Islamabad.

...
Jianjun Fu1, Shili Liu2, 3, Wenbin Zhu1, Yongyi Jia2, 3, Lanmei Wang1, Yufen Yang4, Zhimin Gu2, 3*and Zaijie Dong1*
... >0.5). We detected a significant correlation between exclusion probabilities for parent pairs (E-PP) and PIC (P<0.01). Simulation analysis revealed that a high assignment rate (>95%) was achieved when the number of candidate parents was less than 200. Meanwhile, real parentage analysis revealed that almost each offspring (135/136, 99.26%) was unambiguously assigned to a parent pair with high accuracy (100%), respectively. In addi...
Xiaopeng Tang1,2* and Kangning Xiong1,2
...lts showed that: (1) EGF significantly (P < 0.05) increased the TEER of TPEC-J2 cells induced by LPS; (2) EGF significantly (P < 0.05) increased the absorption of glucose and glutamine of IPEC-J2 cells induced by LPS. It can be speculate that EGF repaired the injured cells by reducing cell permeability and increasing the absorption of glutamine and glucose.
...

Zubia Rahim1, Gulnaz Parveen1*, Salma Gul2 and Khushnood-ur-Rehman3

Ameliorating Effects of Salt Stress (KCl, NaCl) on Growth and Germination Parameters of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum)

Muhammad Abdullah1, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai1, Jahangir Khan1*, Mohammad Fayaz1, Irfan Ullah1* and Sabeeh Ullah2

Analysis of Agricultural Land Price Determinants and Policy Implications for Controlling Residential and Commercial Encroachments: Facts from District Swabi (Pakistan)
...r availability, were the significant determinates and have positive effects on land prices. Location characteristics, such as road distance, city distance, distance to nearby houses and distance to agricultural market are the important determinants of land prices. These findings imply that agricultural land prices depends on agricultural and location attributes and this is consistent with the Ricardian’s Land ‘Rent’ and Von Thunan’s &ls...

Sajid Khan* and Shahnaz Akhtar

Effect of Farm Labor Transformation on Households Income in Central Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...transformation was found significantly affecting the earnings of households’ in the study area. Data revealed that monthly income from farm production and livestock increased significantly. Moreover, households’ income from non-farm sources massively increased after the farm labor transformation. The study recommends that government and/or non-governmental organizations may provide off-farm employment opportuniti...
Yaqiu Liu1, Zhijian Wang 2, Xinhui Li 1*, Jianrong Zhao2 and Weitao Chen 1
...in the gill and gut also significantly increased, although there was no significant difference between the air-exposed and control groups. After a 3 d recovery, CAT and SOD activity in the gill and gut of P. dabryanus did not differ significantly between groups. There was a high viability of P. dabryanus under the air-exposed condition (in anaerobic conditions), while the lev...
Syed Zakir Hussain Shah1*, Muhammad Afzal2, Mahroze Fatima3Syed Makhdoom Hussain4 and Tanveer Ahmed5
...nerals digestibility was significantly (p<0.05) affected by top spraying of phytase on the diet pellets. Fish having CA acidified diet also showed improved (p<0.05) minerals digestibility performance. Interaction plots showed synergistic effect of both the supplements for crude fat and gross energy digestibility. Again, interaction data showed synergistic effect on minerals digestibility except Fe. Inclusion of both the supplements i...
Jin-Juan Wan, Mei-Fang Shen*, Hui Xue, Hong-Yan Liu, Mei-Qin Zhang, Xi-He Zhu and Chong-Hua Wang

 

...ased. The WGR in F3 were significantly higher than those fed 1, 4 and 5 times/day (P<0.05). The highest serum lysozyme (LZM), lowest catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in crayfish fed 3 times/day. However, there were no significant differences in cortisol, glucose (Glu), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) among all groups (P>0.05). The cumulative mortality in F3 was <...
Yonghua Liu*, Xianhua Li, Xiongfei Yan and Gang Li
...ifferent host plants had significant effects on the growth, development, and reproduction of A. fimbriana. The overall developmental duration was the longest on apple (60.71 d) and peach (60.78 d) and shortest on apricot (54.55 ± 3.56 d). The cumulative survival rate was highest on apricot (64.58%) and plum (60.44%) and lowest on peach (44.50%). The average number of eggs produced was highest on apricot (175.58 eggs) and plum (178.43 eggs). Life ...

Ghulam Murtaza1*, Muhammad Ramzan2, Amna Razzaq4, Muhammad Numan3, Rukhsar Beanish4, Ayesha Zafar4, Muhammad Shan Latif3 and Muhammad Adnan3

Screening of Brinjal (Solanum melongena) Varieties against Jassid, Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla
...Dilnasheen varieties had significantly higher jassid population per leaf as compared to Nirala variety on different sampling dates.

...

Asifa Kamal1*, Ghazala Noreen1 and Muhammad Amin2

Trends and Determinants of Fertility in Pakistan: Multivariate Decomposition Analysis (PDHS 1990-91 to PDHS 2012-13)
...s (2006-07, 2012-13) has significantly negative effect on the total children ever born to women in Pakistan. Child mortality (yes), husband’s desire for children (more than wife), ideal number of children, marital duration and ever use of contraceptives has significant positive contribution towards women fertility in terms of number of children ever born to women. A significant decli...
Yongmei Gao1, Peihong Gao2, Yanjun Wang3, Jinhua Han4 and Yang Shu1*
...ts was 97.50%, which was significantly higher than 75.00% of control group, p<0.05. Through comparing the changes of fibroid volume before and after treatment between the two groups, the results showed that the improvement effect of the research group was significantly better than that of the control group after treatment, p<0.05. The incidence of adverse reactions of the research group was sig...

Muhammad Jahanzaib1*, Nazakat Nawaz1, Muhammad Arshad1, Shehzadi Saima4, Muhammad Suhaib2, Muzammil Husain3, Haris Khurshid1 and Shahid Ali Khan1

Effect of Temporal Application of Gypsum on Mineral Uptake and Economically Important Morphometric Traits in Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L) under Rain-fed Conditions
...eck (T0). Results showed significant differences among treatments for yield and related agronomic traits as well as mineral concentration in response to gypsum application. The highest pod yield (3522.2kg/ha), root biomass (9.03g/ plant), and nodules (382/ plant) were observed in treatment T3. The calcium concentration (0.80 %) in shoots of T3 was the highest. In the present study application of gypsum at the time of sowing and pegging was found to have a posi...
Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab1, Muhammad Arshad Ullah2 and Muhammad Talha Bilal3
Dynamics of Salinity and Land Use in Punjab Province of Pakistan
...salinity was found to be significantly and positively related to area under salinity in the country. The percent area under wheat crop has inverse relationship with salinity indicating strength of wheat cultivation against salinity. It is therefore three prong strategy is recommended with different roles and responsibility on the part of Farming community, public sector and research institutions. Results of the study have important implications for planners an...
Anjali Khadka1*, Subodh Raj Pandey2, Subarna Sharma Acharya3, Amrit Poudel4 and Sushma Adhikari1
Morphological Evaluation and Multivariate Analysis of Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill Genotypes in Western Mid-Hills of Nepal
...erved. Test weight had a significant positive correlation with grain yield. Number of nodes, basal pod height, internodal length, plant height, number of branches, number of grains, pod length at maturity, leaf area was positively correlated with grain yield while days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of trifoliate, number of pods and fresh weight of the pod were negatively correlated with grain yield. The path analysis depicts that the internodal le...

Ahmed Weli Hussein Osman1,2, Rakibul Islam1, Md. Bazlar Rashid1, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2,3* and Pravin Mishra4

Nanoparticle Tactics for the Oral Delivery of Insulin in Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycemia in Rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) Model
...se levels were increased significantly (P<0.05) in all treated groups compared to the negative control group. Similarly, bodyweight was decreased significantly (P<0.05) in all alloxan treated groups compared to negative control. There was significant falling in blood glucose level in insulin with nanoparticle treated group (T3) compared to only insulin treated group (T2) and (T1) tha...

Muhammad Ali Shah, Faiz Ur Rehman, Abbas Mehmood, Fareed Ullah, Sayed Irfan Shah and Syed Majid Rasheed*

Combining Ability, Heritability and Gene Action Assessment in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for Yield and Yield Attributes
...ults of the study showed significant differences among parents and F1’s for all the studied traits. General and specific combining ability analysis revealed non-significant results for the traits under consideration, suggesting the involvement of non-additive type of gene action. A higher broad sense heritability estimate was evident. It was concluded from the combining ability analysis of the present study that genoty...

Amjed Ali1, Rafi Qamar1*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Salman Saleem2, Sami Ullah3, Muhammad Arshad Javed4 and Syed Wasim Hasan5

Development and Growth: Influence of Sowing Dates on Performance of Cotton Cultivars

Shujaat Ali1,2*, Tariq Ahmad Jan3, Khalil Ur Rahman3, Shah Masaud Khan2, Ijaz Hussain2, Waseem Ahmad2, Qasim Ayub2, Muhammad Abbas1 and Israr Ahmad1

Effect of Room Condition on Sweetening and other Chemical Components of Different Cultivars of Potato in Swat District
...var. Vitamin C decreased significantly in Diamont and Desiree cultivars in first 45 days of storage while minimum vitamin C was recorded in Kruda cultivar after 60 days of storage. The total decrease in Vitamin C remained about of 76 % throughout the 90 % storage. It is concluded that sweetening decreased in all cultivars during 90 days storage period at room condition. (Temperature 9- 18 oC). In Desiree cultivar, starch content is little affected by change st...

Ali Zohaib1*, Habib Ullah2, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Tahira Tabassum2, Muzzammil Hussain1, Mohsin Nawaz3, Ghulam Abbas4 and Sohail Irshad5

Effect of NPK Fertilization Strategies on Growth, Yield, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economic Benefits of Relay Intercropped Wheat in Cotton
...on. Fertilization timing significantly affected growth, yield and NUEA of wheat. Application of T4 (all PK at sowing, ½ N at sowing and ½ at tillering) caused maximum improvement in plant height, fertile tillers, grains per spike, biological yield, grain yield and NUEA. Economic analysis also manifested that the greatest net returns and benefit cost ratio (BCR) were obtained by same NPK application timing (i.e. T4). In conclusion, fertilization t...

Imran Ahmad Rana*, Muhammad Ali Yab and Ch. Abdul Rehman

Quality Engineering Tools Implementation a Comparison of Indian and Pakistani Business Organizations
...nt strategies were found significant in explaining variability of six sigma results in the region. Results show that the countries were found similar on effect of six sigma practices on customer satisfaction, where common elements like SS Training management, Information and Communication planning and execution, and quality control practices found statistically significant variables explaining variability of customer satisfa...
Jun Yan Bai1*, Ren Tao Di Wu2, Qiang Zhang2, Di Bao2, Le Ma Dao2 and Xing Hua Tian3
...notype labeled LCA33 was significantly higher than that of AA genotype (P<0.05), and the chest circumference, tube circumference and body weight of AB genotype were significantly higher than those of AA genotype and AC genotype (P <0.05). The chest circumference and body weight of A A genotype marked LCA90 were significantly higher than those of AC genotype and BB genot...
Muhammad Faisal Ayoob1,2, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Mansoor Ayoob4, Waseem Ali Vistro3 and Abdul Sattar Baloch3*
...) were statistically non-significant (P>0.05) among all the groups. Higher mortality rate (75%) was recorded in mynas as compared to Japanese quails (50%). Major necropsy lesions observed were pin point hemorrhages in proventriculus, demarcated button-like ulcers of intestinal mucosa, hemorrhages in trachea and spleen. Histopathological lesions observed in proventriculus were erosions in epithelium, localized hemorrhages and congestion in the glandular regi...
Haseeb Nisar1, Usman Pasha1, Kiran Hanif1, Rizwan Abid1Rehan Ahmad Khan Sherwani2, Haja N. Kadarmideen3 and Saima Sadaf1*
...n, IL-6 -572 G/C shows a significant association towards increased risk of RA in allelic (OR=0.8130, 95%CI=0.708-0.932, p=0.003), co-dominant and dominant models; same hold true for the Asian population. Stratification by ethnicity revealed that in Asian population also, the association with RA manifestation is significant. However, in a cohort of 200 RA and 176 healthy subjects (n=376) from Pakistan, <...
Zhilong Tian1, 2, Yuqin Wang2, Jishun Tang1,3 and Mingxing Chu1*
...nd g.73312791A>G SNPs significantly affected litter size (P < 0.05). In addition, the litter size of individuals with the combined genotype AA/AG was greater than that of individuals with AA/GG, GA/AG, and GG/AA genotypes in the third parity (P < 0.05). In summary, the SYNE2 gene had a positive influence on the litter size of STH sheep. The linkage of g.73310578G>A and g.73312791A>G could be used in the marker-assisted selec...
Q. Sun1, Q. Liu1, R. Di1, Y. Wang1, S. Gan2, S. Liu2, X. Wang1, W. Hu1, X. Cao1, Zh. Pan1, X. Guo1, Y. Yang3, H.E. Rushdi4* and M. Chu1*
...size: small;">Sheep is a significant agricultural animal and food source for people worldwide. The fat tail/rump is considered as an adaptive selection under harsh challenges which serves as a fat store for the animal. Thyroid hormone responsive (THRSP) is a crucial protein for cellular de novo lipogenesis. THRSP gene encodes a nuclear protein which regulates fatty acid synthesis in lipogenic tissues. Identification of single nucleotide polymorph...
Jiawei Zhang1,2, Thomas Quirke1, Shibao Wu2*, Shaoshan Li2 and Fidelma Butler1
...behavior of penguins was significantly affected by the number of visitors, and locomotion, preening, feeding and attention to visitors were positively correlated with the number of visitors. There is further interaction with visitation levels under different weather conditions. Visitors offer another positive environmental enrichment for this group of penguins and in turn, these penguins at Fota Wildlife Park are considered to have a high educational potential...

Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1*, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Naimatullah Leghari2, Muhammad Ibrahim Keerio3, Ahmed Naqi Shah1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro4, Nadia Mangrio1 and Shazia Parveen Tunio5

Evaluation of Irrigation Frequencies and Seed Priming with Plant Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Genotypes
...eir interaction affected significantly (P≤ 0.05) on growth and yields of traits of sunflower genotypes. In case of irrigation frequencies, enhanced seed yield (2256 kg ha-1) was recorded in five irrigations followed by four irrigations having non-significant differences with each other. Genotype, HO-1 was found superior over Hysun-33 by producing greatest seed yield (1894 kg ha-1). The seed priming with 0.2% ZnSO4 resulte...

Bilal Pervaiz Khan1, Neelam Ara1, Shujaat Ali1,2*, Kamran Khurshid Baigh1 and Abdul Wahab1

Effect of Seed Priming on Radish with Different Nutrients at Various Soaking Durations
...plications. Priming seed significantly affected the germination and vegetative attributes of radish. The result of experiment showed that the highest germination percentage (86.4 %), percentage of survival (83.6 %), minimum days to emergence (9.1), tallest plant height (41 cm), yield of leaves plant-1 (14.4), leaf area (295.8 cm2), root length (20.6 cm), root weight in g (522.4) root diameter in cm (4.51), and total yield (23.8 tones ha-1) were obtained when s...
Li Yao1,2,3, AnQing Zhang1,2,3, HaiYan Zhang2, Jian Shao1,2,3, Ming Wen2,4, ChangAn Wang5, HaiBo Jiang1,2,3,* and Ming Li6,*
...id of fish in EUO-40 was significantly higher than that in other groups (p < 0.05), and fish in EUO-0 showed significantly lower muscle crude lipid content than that in EUO-5, EUO-10, and EUO-20 groups (p < 0.05). Fish in EUO-40 had significantly higher muscle Phe, Gly, Ala, delicious amino acids contents than that in EUO-0 (p < 0.05), and fish in EUO-20 had <...
Adnan Khan1, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2Muhammad Mobashar3, Ali Gohar4, Shakoor Ahmad1, Kamran Khan5Hamayun Khan1 and Shabana Naz6*

 

...ead sperm percentage was significantly (P<0.01) low in groups with semen sample treated with T2 compared to other groups. Significantly (P<0.01) high sperm individual motility percentage was observed for T2 than T3 and T1. Sperm acrosomal integrity percentage showed significantly ((P<0.01) high value in T2. It is concluded that 4 h equilibration time improved semen qualitative cha...

Yuan Xing, Congming Tan, Yan Luo and Wenjun Liu* 

...PCR technique. Quercetin significantly (P<0.001) reduced IgE levels in the asthma mice serum. Inflammatory cells in the mice BALF are significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner through quercetin. Quercetin (P<0.05) significantly reduced the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-5 cytokines and increased the level of IFN-π in allergic asthma mice caused by OVA. In con...
Muhammad Riaz1*, Zahida Tasawar1, Muhammad Zaka Ullah2 and Zawar Hussain3
Parasitological and Molecular Survey on Theileriosis of Sheep and Goats and the Related Risk Factors in Musa Pak Shaheed Town, Multan, Pakistan
...pectively. Statistically significant correlation revealed between theileriosis and animal species, different age groups, presence of ticks, herd size and herd composition in small ruminants. The outcomes of the current survey ratified PCR amplification is discernible, specific and sensitive assay for diagnosis of ovine and caprine theileriosis.

...

Noor Ayaz1*, Faiza Aman1, Sidra Saleem1*, Maqbool Rehman1 and Muhammad Fahim2

Olive Cuttings as Affected by Different Concentrations of Indole Butyric Acid
...al percentage, while non-significant differences were observed for the number of leaves cutting-1, number of sprouts cutting-1 and sprouts length cutting-1. The cuttings treated with IBA @ 3000 mgL-1 took fewer days to sprout (25.00), and rooting (46.66), showed high value for the number of sprouts cutting-1 (3.33), and survival percentage (39.67), while the maximum number of leaves cutting-1 (7.33), and maximum sprout length cutting-1 (5.00) was recorded with...

Zarqa Khalid1*, Muhammad Asad ur Rehman Naseer1, Raza Ullah1 and Shahzad Khan2

Measuring the Global Trade Competitiveness of Pakistan’s Cotton Crop
...istan and it contributes significantly to the national income of the country. Cotton supplies raw material to the domestic textile industries and is also exported in the raw and processed form to other countries. Pakistan was a net exporter of cotton but now becomes a net importer due to its continuous domestic consumption and stagnant yield. This study aims to assess the trade competitiveness of cotton crop for the world’s 10 leading cotton exporters us...

Sanaullah1*, Abdul Basit2 and Inayat Ullah3

Challenges and Prospects of Farm Mechanization in Pakistan: A Case Study of Rural Farmers in District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...ltural mechanization has significant role in boosting farm productivity, improving farmers’ livelihood, ensuring economic growth, availability of off-seasonal farm produce, increasing income generating opportunities and reduction in time of operation among others. Logistic Regression indicated a highly significant (p<0.01) positive effect of key determinants including; income source (0.008), farm size (0.001), farmi...
Hongqun Li1*, Xiaoli Liu2*, Zongxian Han1, Shabin Wu1 and Changlei Cao1
...mal habitat selection is significant for informed conservation management actions. The autumn foraging and day-roosting site selection of the brown-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) was studied in Huanglong MountainsNature Reserve, Shaanxi Province, China from October to November 2018. Data were collected by examination of fresh sites used by the brown-eared pheasant located on 22 transects across the entire study area. The results showed that ...
Ehsan Kashani1, Hamid Reza Rezaei2*, Morteza Naderi3 and Nematolah Khorasani4

 

... hypomelas no significant divergence happened in the species life history.
...
Muhammad Shafiq1,2,*,Rajwali Khan1, Ilyas Ali3, Sadeeq Ur Rahman4, Saif Ullah3Shah Jan Mohammad2, Mohammad Jan2 and Jinhu Huang2
...dy, there was a positive significant (P<0.05) correlation found for pre-partum IgG with postpartum STP and calf serum IgG. The results revealed that Achai breed had better potentials for serum and colostrum immunoglobulins (IgG) and total proteins (STP) production under local environment than HF and Jersey. Calf serum immunoglobulin concentration was affected by cattle breed type and showed a positive correlation with cow serum IgG decrease before pa...

Zaka ur Rehman1*, Kashif Akbar1, Altaf ur Rehman1, Hassan Waqas1, Alif Khan1 and Asad Ali2

Development and Storage Stability of Diet Mango Juice
...al comparison were found significant (P<0.05) at 90 days of storage.

...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Wakil2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi3 and Waqas Raza1*

Influence of Resistance Inducers on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Contents of Susceptible Chickpea Cultivars after Inoculation with Ascochyta rabiei
...44. These increases were significant (P ≤ 0.05) after 14 days of inoculation with plant pathogen in plants pretreated with chemicals. There was no significant change in plants treated with the plant extracts except with extracts of A. indica. Chemically increased N, P, and K were highest in cultivar C-44 followed by Pb-91 and Bittle-98. A similar trend was observed with plant extract treated plants, with the greatest effe...

Delower Hossain1,5, Shuvo Singha2,5, Chelsea Marie Van Thof3, Sanna Gough3 and AHM Musleh Uddin4,5*

Effect of Somatic Cells on Milk Quality and Human Health
...>Somatic cells (SCs) are significant to both susceptibility and resistance of dairy cows to intramammary infections. It is used as an authentic tool for dairy farm operations in order to improve the milk quality. Broadly dimension of SCs of milk well represents the comfort and welfare of dairy cows and helps deciding efficient mastitis control strategies. Again, the safety margin evaluated though SCs ensures safe and healthy milk at consumer level devoid of ba...

Zaheer Ahmed Deho*, Saifullah Abro and Muhammad Rizwan

Assessment of Stability for Seed Cotton Yield of Cotton Genotypes Across Different Environmental Conditions of Sindh Province
...ton yield, showed highly significant (P< 0.05) differences for varieties, locations and varieties × location interaction. The analysis depicted the significance of both the linear and non-linear components which showed the presence of individually expected and un-expected parts of genotype and environment interaction. Genotypes NIA-95, NIA-94 and NIA-96 produced high average yield (2339, 2280, 2128 Kgha-1) respectively having regression coefficient (b...

Iqtidar Hussain*, Muzafar Ali, Imam Bakhsh and Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik

Effect of Different Levels of Naphthalene Acetic Acid at Various Phenological Stages of Hybrid Sorghum to Enhance Fodder Productivity
...t levels of NAA affected significantly all parameters under study. Maximum number of leaves (16.70 plant-1), leaf area (411.98 cm2), chlorophyll contents (46.84 and 53.50 µg cm-2) at 30 and 60 DAS and fodder yield (35550 kg ha-1) were higher with L4 (120 ml) followed by L3 (80 ml). While L5 (160 ml) and L2 (40 ml ha-1 NAA) were statistically at par. Mean values indicated that NAA level of L4 (120 ml ha-1) had maximum fodder yield (35,550 kg ha-1) as comp...
Fangqing Liu1, Jared Atlas2, Chaohao Du1, Anoop Das3 and Longying Wen1*
...e measures of males were significantly higher than those of females (P<0.05). Most measures of size at low altitude significantly greater than those at high altitudes, including body weight, body length, and wing length for males (P<0.05), and body weight and wing length for females. The results showed that males and females are different in response to environmental factors. The body weight, wing length,...
Abid Mahmood Alvi1*, Naeem Iqbal1,2, Javid Iqbal3, Kazam Ali4, Muhammad Shahid1, Waqar Jaleel5,6,7, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan8 and Tiyyabah Khan8
...tefly populations varied significantly in three row spacings (P<0.01) with the maximum population recorded in line spacing of 30 cm without mapiquate chloride (9.12-11.15 thrips/leaf and 9.18-7.83 whitefly/leaf), followed by line spacing of 75 cm without mapiquate chloride (8.65-9.12 thrips/leaf and 5.97-5.06 whitefly/leaf) and 30 cm with mapiquate chloride (4.57-5.41 thrips/leaf and 2.64-2.88 whitefly/leaf). The peak population was observed on June 5, 2016...
Yasin Altay1, Saim Boztepe2, Ecevit Eyduran3, İsmail Keskin2Mohammad Masood Tariq4*, Farhat Abbas Bukhari4 and Irshad Ali4
...rms captured only F as a significant predictor. In conclusion, CHAID and MARS data mining algorithms reflected that F predictor may be considered as an indirect selection criterion in the characterization of the breed standards of the Karacabey Merino in wool characteristics for breeding goals.
...
Ahmad Sadiq1, Muzafar Shah2*, Habib Ullah1, Irfan Ali1, Amir Alam3
Navid Jalil1 and Muhammad Khan3
...lood pressure (DBP) were significantly higher in patients (p<0.05) than normal or controlled. In patients with low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and body mass index (BMI) were found to be significantly lower (p > 0.05) than normal or control. Gender-based analysis has shown that HbA1c, RBS, DBP and SBP in male patients have significantly higher (p<...
Jun Yan Bai*, Zhi Hao Dong, Hui Rong Gong, Xiao Ning Lu and Zi Heng Li
... rate of CC genotype was significantly higher than that of CT and TT genotype(P<0.05). Among Korean quail, the body weight and carcass weight of CC genotype were significantly higher than that of CT and TT genotype(P<0.05). It was found that exon 4 of ESR1 gene was significantly associated with body weight, carcass weight, pectora weight, pectoral muscle rate of egg qua...
Somia Shehzadi1, Sana Javaid Awan2, Maryam Javed1*, Asif Nadeem1 and Tahir Yaqub3
...rance, there was also no significant difference between any groups, when viability was compared by using Trypan blue staining. Collagen1 was also equally expressed in all groups and there was no significant difference observed. Thus, present study concluded that AES or ABS could also be used as affordable alternatives to FBS. ABS could be preferred as it can easily be obtained from slaughter house and has almost equal potent...
Pengfei Liu1*, Hongxia Liu2 and Jiajia Xiao1
...an females, there was no significant difference in coloration of wing and breast plumage between two sexes. EL appeared relatively bright and polychrome plumages, and the males had extremely significantly higher carotenoid chroma than female in grayish-white tail end, however, there was no difference in orange wing patch and yellowish-brown hip plumage between sexes. Both male PL and EL had higher reflectance than female in ...
Muhammad Shoaib1, Imran Rashid1*, Haroon Akbar1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi3, Muhammad Asif3, Mumtaz Ali Khan4, Shakeel Mahmood5 and Farhan Anwar Khan6
...tick infestation was non-significant among the breeds with the exception of crossbred cattle in which it was found significantly (p<0.05) high. Sex and age of the cattle were non-significantly (p>0.05) associated with prevalence of tick infestation. However, the male and young animals were affected more as compared to female and adult animals. Body regions wise distribution of...
Hannan Nasib Hamid1,*, Muhammad Rais1, Muhammad Arif2 and Rubina Noor2
...ibians and reptiles hold significant position amongst the vertebrates, and play a vital role in the ecosystem. The present study reports herpetofauna of Sheikh Buddin National Park for the first time which could be used as a baseline. The national park features arid climate and two main vegetation types: tropical thorn forest and sub-tropical broad-leaved ever green forest. The data were gathered from July, 2017 to August, 2018, from major habitat types of the...
Jun Yan Bai*, Kun Peng Shi, Xiao Ning Lu, Xiao Hong Wu, Xue Yan Fu, Heng Cao, Hong Deng Fan, Meng Ke Chen and Yong Kang Ma
... 0.389. Locus A showed a significant correlation with liver weight of meat quails(P<0.05), while locus B presented significant correlations with body weight, carcass weight, carcass net weight, liver weight, breast muscle weight and leg muscle weight(P<0.05). Loci A and B in the control region of MyoG 5’ can be used as the molecular marker of slaughter performance of meat quails during marker assisted sele...
Rabia Riaz1, Khushi Muhammad1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muhammad Amjad Iqbal2, Aamir Riaz Khan2, Sadia Sarfaraz1, Mudassar Naseer3 and Khalid Majeed1
...lture in Pakistan with a significant contribution to the national GDP (1.3%). Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) causes avian mycoplasmosis and is only controlled through mass vaccination. Antibody response of birds to inactivated MG vaccine is poor. On 7th day of age (broilers: n=40) each bird of group A, B, C and D (n=8) was vaccinated (subcutaneous: 0.3ml) with G-MG, O-MG, G-MG+NDV (New castle Disease Virus) and O-MG vaccines, respectively. Serum samples ...
Qianbao Wang, Zhengyang Huang, Shoufeng Li, Huayun Huang, Chunmiao Li and Zhenhua Zhao*
...20 hens in each group. A significantly positive interaction between dietary quantity and semen volume was observed (p<0.05) which showed that males fed with 135.5 g/d diet produced much more semen. Except for semen volume, there was no difference in semen concentration, sperm motility and useable spermatozoa/ejaculate before 32 wk of age (p>0.05). Feed quantity was correlated positively with sperm concentration and sperm motility. At 50 wk of age, higher...
Oluwatobi Emmanuel Olaniyi1,2*, Chukwudiemeka Onwuka Martins2, Mohamed Zakaria2
...enly distributed and non-significantly relative abundance (p>0.05) of PPI and AP. PW recorded the higher estimates of site occupancy, naïve occupancy and detection probability by PPI and AP. The findings implied that PW is more abundant in PPI and AP as compared to PIW. Also, it ascertained that the homogenous sites due to proximity (10km) with different wetland types (natural and artificial) could convey varied population estimates and site occ...

Rahat Afza, Muhammad Asam Riaz*, Muhammad Afzal and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed

Adverse Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Insecticides on the Biological Parameters and Functional Response of Predatory Beetle Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of Brassica Aphid
...nctata. All insecticides significantly reduced the fecundity, TPOP (total pre-oviposition period), larval weight and increased the life span of C. septempunctata relative to control. Thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin non-significantly reduced the coccinellids larval weight. Type II response was shown by larvae of C. septempunctata in control treatment. Larval coccinellids showed type II functional response after feeding on...

Shishir Sharma* and Laxmi Prasad Joshi

Current Insights on Stemphylium Blight of Lentil with its Management Strategies
...Bangladesh in 1986, is a significant challenge to all the major lentil-growing nations. It induces partial to complete foliar damage and results in about 3/5th to full failure of the lentil yield. The molecular study for the recognition and delineation of species is inevitable as high complexity is seen due to environmental concerns and contrasting morphological characteristics among species. The frequency and intensity of this disease depends on environmental...
Luka Anthony*, Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi, Elizabeth Samuel Ebukiba and Vandi Gamba
...odel show that among the significant factors that influence the choice of rice market outlets were: sex of the household head (P<0.10), educational level (P<0.10), access to credit facilities (P<0.05), extension services (P<0.01), price information (P<0.05), market information (P<0.01) and, marketing experience ((P<0.05). The value of Gini- Coefficient calculated was 0.91429. The observed inequality in income distribution among small-holde...
Alam Zeb* and Amanullah Jan
...parameters of sesame had significantly influenced by year. Study showed that raised bed sown plots significantly (p ≤ 0.05) produced more: leaves plant-1 (243), leaves area plant-1(444.35cm2), branchesplant-1(9), plant height (198.51cm), and seed yield (1339kg ha-1), were recorded as compared with other sowing methods. It was also resulted from findings that N (180 kg...
Vijay Lal and Muhammad Naeem*
... correlation with highly significant value (P<0.001) with protein, ash, fat and organic constituents in wet weight. Fish body weight represented highly significant (P<0.001) positive relation to all the studied body constituents in log transformed data. Total length also represented highly-significant positive relation to all the studied body constituents except for fat which showed ...

Tofique Ahmed Bhutto1, Mahmooda Buriro1, Niaz Ahmed Wahocho2, Safdar Ali Wahocho2, Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro3*, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1, Reema Vistro1, Fehmeeda Abbasi1, Sanam Kumbhar1, Fateh Muhammad Shawani4 and Nadar Hussain Khokhar5

Evaluation of Wheat Cultivars for Growth and Yield Traits under Agro-Ecological Condition of Tandojam
...all the cultivars showed significantly varied performance for growth and yield-related traits. However, TD-1 and Moomal-2002 comparatively showed better performance for most of the investigated parameters. Cultivar Moomal-2002 performed better for vegetative traits viz; seed emergence (m-2), tillers plant-1, plant height (cm) and biological yield (kg ha-1). However, TD-1 proved to superiority in yield-related contributes such as spike length (cm), spikelets sp...

Junaid Ahmad1*, Shazma Anwar1, Anwar Ali Shad2, Fazal Yazdan Saleem Marwat3, Hamida Bibi4, Farhan Ahmad1, Wajia Noor5 and Bibi Sadia5

Yield and Nutritional Status of Mungbean as Influenced by Molybdenum and Phosphorus
...ttributes and yield were significantly influenced with molybdenum and phosphorus addition except potassium uptake by grains and straw. Higher seed yield (772.45 kg ha-1) and harvest index (26.18 %) with application of 1.5 kg  ha-1 molybdenum while more protein content (21.91 %), carbohydrates (60.36 %), nitrogen content in grain (3.76 %) and straw (1.10 %), phosphorus uptake in grain (0.380 %) and straw (0.186 %) was achieved with molybdenum applied at ra...

Bina Khanzada1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Bhai Khan Solangi1 and Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani2

Effect of Morphological Characters of Indigenous Sugarcane Varieties on Population of Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen) and its parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes (Cameron)
...agement. Considering the significant role of morphological characters of sugarcane varieties on infestation of C. infuscatellus, thus, on parasitism of C. flavipes, this study was conducted in 2013 and 2014. Ten sugarcane varieties i.e., NIA-98, NIA-2004, Thatta-10, Gulab-95, BL-4, L-116, SPS-26, AEC86-223, AEC82-1026 and Larkana-201 were used in the study, each sown on half acre area at Experimental field of Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tando Jam, Pakist...

Saba Aleem1*, Mehvish Tahir2, Iram Sharif3, Muqadas Aleem4, Muhammad Najeebullah2, Ali Nawaz1, Amina Batool1, Muhammad Imran Khan1 and Waheed Arshad1

Principal Component and Cluster Analyses as Tools in the Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Late Season Cauliflower Genotypes
...er of leaves contributed significant positive component loading to these principal components (PCs). Biplot analysis among the first two PCs found the Casper RZ, AA Cauli-08, and Snow queen as diverse genotypes. Cluster analysis based on Euclidian distance grouped the genotypes into 3 distinct clusters. Some of the genotypes that have narrow genetic base were grouped into a similar cluster. Based on these results, it may be concluded that some of the genotypes...

Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar2, Naeem Akhtar3, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2 and Muhammad Ijaz1

Techniques for Micropropagation of Olive (Olea europaea L.): A Systematic Review
...ation is one of the most significant applications of biotechnology in the field of horticulture. This technique is used for proliferation of olive (Olea europaea L.) tree which is globally cultivated for centuries and its value added products are consumed worldwide. The traditional propagation techniques of olive are uneconomical with wastage of time while micropropagation of olive may expedite the development of important characteristics like biotic and abiot...

Hafiz Hammad Ahmad1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1*, Noor-us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Aneela Riaz4

Growth and Yield Response of Sunflower to Organic Amendments in Aridisol
...f variance technique and significant of treatments was tested using LSD test at probability level of 5%. The maximum fresh biomass (95.50 g), dry biomass (25.73 g), plant height (110.90 cm), head size (21.36 cm), number of achene haed-1 (864) and achene yield plant-1 (32.16 g) of sunflower was observed with application of NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g pot-1 + Wheat straw at 28 g pot-1 (T6) in cultivar Hysun-33. While, lowest value of fresh biomass (72.73 g), dry ...

Muhammad Farooq1*, Elham Azadfar2, Zohre Bahrami3, Mahniya Sharifi3, A. Shakoor4, Shabir Ahmed5, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi1, Muhammad Noman Khan6, Memona Siddique7, Naila Ilyas8*, Muhammad Bakhtiar9, Mohamed El-Fatieh Ismael1 and Wang Yunyang1

Optimization of Drying Process of Rambutan by Combined Method of Osmosis Ultrasound and Complementary Drying of Hot Air
...ic dehydration, showed a significant decrease in the shrinkage of fruits resulting in rehydration, i.e., causing the percentage of solid gain, weight and water loss to be increased.

...
Muhammad Farooq1*, M. Javed Iqbal2, Rizwan Shukat2, Qayyum Shehzad3, Shabir Ahmed4, Elham Azadfar5, Abdul Saboor6, Ibrar Ahmad7, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi1, Kaleem Kakar8, Shoaib Khan9 and Wang Yunyang1
Development of Onion Powder by using Egg Albumin as a Foaming Agent by Foam-Mat Drying Process
...tration of foaming agent significantly increased the drying rate from 0.422 ± 0.169 for (Control) to 0.743± 0.169 (egg albumin). Foamed onion paste were dried faster than un-foamed which decreased the drying time of 5 hours for foamed onion paste at 65°C and 75°C. Hence, foamed onion paste dried in 240 and 300 min at 65 °C and 75 °C temperature, respectively, with 12 % concentration of egg albumin.

...
Ashara Sajid1, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Saeed Rauf 2, Zahoor Hussain3, Salman Ahmad1 and Yasir Iftikhar1,*
...>(L.) Osbeck), among significant citrus-growing areas of Sargodha district based on symptoms. Random samples of trees within orchards were scored based on characteristic symptoms like blotchy mottle, lopsided unripe fruits, and aborted seeds were observed. The highest incidence of 26% was recorded in Kot Momin, while the lowest incidence of 4.6% was found in Sahiwal. Among the cultivars, the highest disease incidence in mosambi (C. sinensis)and...
Umair Faheem1*, Qaisar Abbas1, Saghir Ahmad2, Ghayour Ahmad2, Abdul Karim2and Mussurat Hussain1
...th, which results in the significant reduction of the cotton yield. Among these insect pests, Amrasca biguttula biguttula ‘Jassid’ are the most destructive ones. Beside these insect pests, environmental factors also affect the cotton production as well as population fluctuations of insect pests. The current study was designed to measure the impact of different meteorological limitations i.e. temperature (oC), relative humidity (RH...
Faiza Altaf1, Shamim Gul1,2*, Tasawar Ali Chandio3, Gul Bano Rehman1, Attiq-ur-Rehman Kakar4, Sami Ullah4, Naqeebullah Khan4, Umbreen Shaheen5, Muhammad Naeem Shahwani6, Muhammad Ajmal7 and Misbah Manzoor8
 
 
...ry manure mixtures had a significantly positive influence on growth of both crops. There was ~ 254.49% - 871.9% (~3.5 – 9 fold) increase in aboveground biomass of tomato and 25.67% – 94.59% increase in aboveground plant biomass of lettuce. These fertilizers also increased significantly water use efficiency by ~3.5 – 12.5 times (364.8% - 1166.6%) of tomato plants (as only tomato plants were analyzed for WUE)...
Imran Haider1, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza1*, Rashid Iqbal1, Salman Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Usman Aslam1, Muhammad Israr3, Umair Riaz4, Maliha Sarfraz5, Nasir Abbas6, Salman Haidar Abbasi7, Zafar Abbas8 and Muhammad Aamer9
 
 
... analysis. Drought spell significantly reduced the growth development and wheat yield as compared to control treatment. Application of both growth enhancer amino acid and yeast significantly mitigated the adversarial effect of drought on the wheat as compared to the treatments in which drought was imposed without the application of yeast and amino acid. However, yeast more effectively moderated drought effects than amino aci...
Muhammad Muhsin1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha3,Sadia Khan4, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal5, Muhammad Zubair Amin6, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub7, Usman Anwar8, Muhammad Umair Hassan1 and Muhammad Umer Chattha1*
 
 
... seed size classes had a significant effect on germination, growth, and yield of wheat crop. The crop sown on 15th December took less time to start emergence (7.8 days) and resulted in maximum plant height (81 cm), grains per spike (44.5), productive tillers (321.5), spike length (10.2 cm), 1000 grain weight (37.2 g), and grain yield (3.83 t ha-1) and maximum time to start emergence (11 days) and minimum plant height (60 cm), grains per s...
Nasir Rashid1,2*, Javaid Iqbal1,2, Umar Shahbaz Khan1,2, Mohsin Islam Tiwana1,2 and Amir Hamza1,2
Jia Shi
...on to non-responders was significantly lower (OR = 0.78, CI (0.7-0.87), p <0.0001). High heterogeneity was observed in this analysis (I2 = 95%, p <0.0001). to investigate factors affecting heterogeneity, a subgroup analysis was done based on the HBV genotype. 5 Studies in which most patients (>90%) had C genotype were compared with 3 studies with D genotype dominant stud...

 Shuanping Zhao, Lei Xu, Hai Jin and Yutang Jia*

...l of the three SNPs were significantly associated with growth traits in the detected population. Furthermore, real-time PCR indicated that CFL2 mRNA was varied expressed in all studied tissues. The results of our study provide evidence that polymorphisms in CFL2 gene are associated with growth traits, and CFL2 gene could be utilized as molecular markers for future assisted selection in cattle breeding program.
...
Ghazanfar Ali and Riffat-un-Nisa Awan*
...ts while CTS and CTD had significant effects on AA of undergraduates. The results of data analyses had confirmed the significant moderating effects of gender on the relationship between CTD and AA. The moderating effects of gender on the relationship between CTSs and AA of students had been found insignificant. The results showed the insignificant mediat...
Faiz Muhammad Khand1,Allah Bux Kachiwal2, Zubair Ahmed Laghari2, Shakeel Ahmed Lakho1, Pershotam Khattri2, Saeed Ahmed Soomro2, Nazar Ali Korejo2 and Ambreen Leghari1*
...ll three parameters were significantly (P<0.01) corelated with gestational age. The CRL was strongly positively correlated with gestational age (r2=0.98) followed by the TD (r2=0.98) and the UD (r2=0.97). The fetal numbers were estimated 19 (five single and seven twines) by transrectal approach in twelve pregnant teddy goats. The earliest day of pregnancy diagnosis was 19 day after mating, while trunk was best parameter for ...
Ming-Yue Zhang*, Bo Yuan, Xiao-Hui Zhang, James Ayalaand Rong Hou*
... the play behaviors were significantly more frequent in the juvenile giant pandas with substrate (p<0.01). The P. koraiensis bark substrate significantly reduced the frequencies of stereotypic behaviors of adult captive giant pandas (p<0.01) and increased the expression of behavioral diversity among captive giant pandas. It is concluded that the use of this environmental enrichment program of laying P. koraie...
Faheem Ahmed Khan1*, Sarzamin Khan2, Qurat-ul-Ain3, Saqib Ishaq1Muhammad Salman1, Abdul Rehman1, Ikram Ullah4, Kalsoom5 and Johar Jamil5
...stle Disease Vaccine was significantly higher (p≤0.05) than all treated groups. Higher antibody titre was recorded for group C (6g/Kg) (HI≥1:64) followed by group B (4g/Kg) (HI≥1:32) and Group A (2g/Kg) (HI≥1:8) while antibody titre was lower for control group D. Replacement of soybean meal with SCMP did not affect the level of liver enzymes. All the tested liver enzymes were observed to be present in the normal range in all the treated groups A, B...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1*, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Naeem Awan2 and David C. Lee3
...s, bird communities were significantly different across all the three sites (ANOSIM), with 10 species explaining 16.5% to 17.2% of these community dissimilarities (SIMPER). Of these key contributing species, the relative abundance of seven species was significantly different across sites. This study documents spatio-temporal patterns in the avifauna of DVNP, providing a basis for ongoing monitoring in the DVNP, and further s...
Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Hera Gul2, Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Sami Ullah3, Ghulam Sabir Hussain4, Mumtaz Hussain1, Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmad1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Zeshan6
 

...Planting pattern did not significantly impact on sucrose % of cane juice that however range between 20.56 and 20.03%. The highest harvest index of 79.21% was recorded for sugarcane planted in 100cm spaced 30 cm wide single row ditches. 

...
Muhammad Ayub1*, Munir Hussain2, Sher Ahmad2, Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi3, Shahid Hussain1, Muhammad Qasim2, Muhammad Din2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4 and Tajudin2
... S. alopecuroides significantly reduced percent infestation, number of white grub per plot and yield losses as compared to the control plot, however efficacy of the fermented extract of A. sieversiana, P. harmala and T. minuta was significantly low as compared to Refree. Our current field study indicated that the fermented extract of S. alopecuroides has potential to develop eco-friendly appr...
Muhammad Hamayoon Khan*, Niaz Hussain Khuhro, Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Usman Asif and Raza Muhammad
 
 
...lation matrix revealed a significantly positive relation among the incidence of B. zonata and minimum and maximum temperatures and sunshine hours whereas relative humidity (R.H.) and rainfall were found to have a negative correlation with B. zonata abundance. Correlation analysis of B. dorsalis catches with respect to meteorological data revealed a significantly positive correlation of monthly captured f...
Arsalan Khan1, Aminullah Khan2, Dil Fayaz Khan2, Sajid Khan1, Anjum1, Waqar Ali3, Habib Akbar1 and Ahmad Khan1*
 
 
...trogen application has a significant impact on wheat crop phenology and crop stand. To optimize nitrogen sources i.e. urea, farmyard manure (FYM) and poultry manure (PM) for improving wheat phenology and crop stand, an experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Station Perdal Khel, Bannu (South part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) during 2016-17. The soil of the experimental area was Loamy sand with Haplic yermosols soil series based on FAO classificati...
Naveed Akhtar1*, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1*, Sadia Tabassum1
Munawar Saleem Ahmad2 and Khan Dil Badshah3
... MCHC and platelets were significantly decreased in all treatedgroups compared to control. Monocytes showed significant increase in all experimental groups. Lymphocytes counts significantly decreased in all treated groups compared to control groups. Neutrophils count increased significantly in all treated groups. Among electrolytes, sodium and potassium ...
Wali Muhammad1*, Humayun Javed1, Munir Ahmad1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...borer. Shoot infestation significantly varied on brinjal at both locations sown at different dates. The maximum average shoot infestation of 9.7% was observed on late sown crop (10th of April) while the minimum average shoot infestation (8.9%) was recoded on crop sown on 20th of March. Square infestation on brinjal plants sown at different times was at par at both the locations and was found slightly higher at farmer field. The maximum av...
Syahruddin Said1*, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra1 and Dani Nur Arifin2
...he present study was not significantly associated with S/C of Pasundan cows, since the genotype TT of the studied animal was found in the lowest of S/C value than other genotype.
...
Muhammad Rashid, Mahmood Ahmad Sajid, Nosheen Noor Elahi, Sibgha Noreen and Kausar Hussain Shah*
 
...ful understanding of the significant role of the antioxidant defense system of wheat crop especially the variety F23 in drought stress tolerance. 
...
Muneer Abbas1*, Dilbar Hussain2, Muhammad Saleem2, Abdul Ghaffar2Sohail Abbas3, Niaz Hussain1 and Abdul Ghaffar1
...a combined way they gave significant reduction of fruit losses. As a result of continuous sanitation practices the fruit fall reduced to 10.24, 7.04, and 8.39 % in guava, citrus and mango orchards, respectively during following year in block E. Population peaks were May-July, July-September and July-August in guava, citrus and mango orchards with maximum population 69.06-70.36, 51.0-58.32 and 37.54-43.92/trap, respectively with TFC (total flies captured) reduc...
Kamal Al-Samawi1, Mohamed Al-Hassan2, Hussein Migdadi3,4*, Megahed Ammar5 and Salem Alghamdi3
...rum P4 concentration was significantly higher in pregnant than non-pregnant goats at 15, 23, 35, and 60 days post NM. Relative expression of mRNA of ISG15 and ISG17 was significantly higher in pregnant goats at 7, 15, and 35 days post NM. ISG15 and ISG17 were not significantly different compared to P4 and US in the pregnant and non-pregnant goats. The accuracy of ISG15...
Ijaz Haider1*, Muhammad Akhtar1, Ali Noman2 and Muhammad Qasim3
...Rainfall was found to be significantly positively correlated with WB population in March (0.821*) and October (0.884*). The population of yellow stem borer significantly and positively correlated with maximum temperature (0.773*) and minimum temperature (0.824*) in March and April respectively while it was negatively correlated with relative humidity (-0.832*) in April. Pink stem borer showed positive and
Guofang Wu1,2, Xingxing Xue1, Wenjuan Shen1, Lei Wang1,2*, Yuhong Ma1 and Jiping Zhou1
...T)n locus was significantly associated with teat number (p < 0.05) and that the 152-bp allele exhibited the most positive association. Our data indicate that the L1-(GT)n microsatellite could represent a potential DNA marker with which to increase the number of teats. Thus could help to improve production in the pig breeding industry.
...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Ayesha Iqbal1 and Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,3
...h patchy grasslands. Non-significant differences were observed between the species which explains that the dietary niche of these species was more or less similar. However, the values for carbon isotopes are highly depleted for early hipparionine species (Sivalhippus theobaldi) and less depleted for succeeding species (Sivalhippus perimensis and Cremohipparion antilopinum) which represent dominancy of C4 diet in more open habita...
Ying Liu1, Shankun Liu1, Hui Wang2 and Weihua Su2,*
...ent manner. Caffeic acid significantly (P<0.001) enhanced the level of insulin, hepatic glycogen as compared to GDM control group rats. Caffeic acid significantly (P<0.001) increased the level of antioxidant enzymes in the liver and pancreas tissue at dose dependent manner. Our finding clearly supported the beneficial effect of caffeic acid on not only the diabetes mellitus, but also alleviating Gestational diabetes me...
Muhammad Naeem1,2, Nasir Rajput1,2, Sher Ali3, Asmatullah Kaka2, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro2, Mehvish Rajput2 and Tian Wang1,*
...y of DM, OM and NDF were significantly higher for AH and TRS-II while, ADF was higher for AH. Steam treated straws showed increased (P>0.05) pH and NH3-N (P<0.05), while total gas production was higher in AH and TRS-II than other groups. These findings suggest that steam treated straw had better nutrients values and degradibility over Chinese wild rye, so it could be used as forage for ruminants.
...

Muhammad Aman Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Abdul Rehman1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khan1, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub3, Arbaz Ahmad Khan1, Muhammad Adil Rehman1, Bilal Ahmad Shahzad1, Sajid Hussain1, Muhammad Umair Hassan1 and Riaz Ahmad1

 

 

...rench spacing and clones significantly affected sugarcane growth, cane yield and sugar yield. The maximum cane length (250.69 cm), mill-able canes (13.83) and stripped cane yield (107.67 t ha-1) were recorded in 120 cm apart-trenches, whilst minimum cane length (229.11 cm) mill-able canes (12.00) and stripped cane yield (98.17 t ha-1) was noticed in 90 cm spaced trenching. In the case of clones, US-272 had maximum cane length (255.03 cm),...

Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1*, Aslam Khan Gadehi1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro2, Mukesh Kumar Soothar1 and Zohaib Ur Rehman Bughio1

 

 

...l water. English spinach significantly produced more fresh weight of leaves (20.86±0.50 grams) than Sindhi spinach (18.82±0.27 grams). The concentration of Na+ increased up to 3.4 times and Cl- concentration enhanced up to 2.7 times in leaves of spinach genotypes while no profound effects on K+ concentration in leaves was observed. English spinach accumulated significantly more ...

Muhammad Jahanzaib1*, Nazakat Nawaz1, Muhammad Arshad1, Haris Khurshid1, Muzamil Hussain2 and Shahid Ali Khan1

 

 

...Way Analysis of variance significant discrepancies were found among the genotypes for most of the traits. In this study 100 kernels weight was found in significant positive correlation (0.821 **) with twenty pods length, while in significant negative correlation (-0.850 **) with plant width. Similarly, the trait of dry pods yield was in significant posit...
Muhammad Bilal Anwar1, Mirza Azhar Beg1, Amjad Rashid Kayani1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1*, Syed Israr Shah1, Sajida Noureen2
Muhammad Mushtaq1 and Tariq Mahmood3
...sian eagle owl was found significantly different (P< 0.05) across seasons whereas no seasonal differences were seen in collared owlet’s prey resources. Insects of four orders dominated in the diet of collared owlet (50 %) and spotted owlet (56.62 %) whereas the major portion of the food of eurasian eagle owl was obtained from mammals (75.93 %) in numerical terms. Among mammals, house mouse Mus musculus, Asian house shrew Suncus murinu...
Iram Liaqat1*, Tahir Hussain1,2, Aisha Waheed Qurashi3, Gulbeena Saleem2Asia Bibi4, Muhammad Fiaz Qamar5,ShaukatAli1 and Ikram-ul-Haq6 
...h as test tubes revealed significantly (p<0.001) strong biofilm after 5 days with significantly increased planktonic cells (after 3 days) and increased loosely bound cells (after 5 days). Similarly, air liquid interface coverslip indicated significant increase in biofilm after 1 day. Comparison of antibiofilm effect using proteolytic enzymes indicated that although all enzymes resulted ...
Rao Muhammad Ramiz1, Arfan Ahmad2*, Aamir Ghafoor2, Muhammad Avais3, Qurat-ul-Ain1 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
...f group A (32.5%) showed significantly greater seropositivity (P<0.05) against BLV than group B (16%). Furthermore, exotic breeds of cattle showed significantly greater seropositivity (18.75%) compared to the local breeds of cattle (5.5%). Nested PCR on each of the 10% seropositive and negative samples confirmed BLV infection in three seropositive exotic animals (30%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulation of BLV...
Junyan Bai*, Zhihao Dong, Youbing Yang, Ziheng Li, Xiaoning Lu and Huirong Gong
...oking loss of tendon was significantly lower than that at other parts (P<0.05). The shearing force of hind leg was obviously lower than that at other parts (P<0.05). The flesh color of waist was significantly lower than that at other parts (P<0.05). Crude protein contents in forelegs, hind leg and back were remarkably higher than that in waist (P<0.05). The crude fat content of the wai...
Rahmat Ullah Khan, Asif Sadam and Sajid Mahmood*
...tember and October 2017, significantly (P<0.05) high population density was recorded as compared to the population density recorded during May, August, November and December 2017and January-April 2018 both in the morning and evening. Significantly (P<0.05) high population density (0.0060±0.002/ha) was recorded during the autumn season. Different ecological factors possibly affect the populatio...
Sana Khan1*, Faiza Aman1, Muhammad Ismaeel2, Zafar Ali2, Mehboob Alam1, Sadeed Iqbal1 and Taimur Khan3
 
...d that phosphorus levels significantly affected all growth parameters. Maximum absolute growth rate (3.31cm day-1), leaflets plant-1 (102.61), pods plant-1 (16.43), pod length (9.53 cm), root weight (4.67 g), nodules plant-1 (19.97), 100 seeds weight (40.66 g) and yield ha-1 (5.71 tons) were recorded in plants treated with 90 kg ha-1 of phosphorus. The results pertaining to cultivars revealed th...

Faiza Aman1,*, Neelam Ara1 and Syed Mehar Ali Shah2

 

 

...tudied parameters showed significant (p≤0.01) differences, indicating the presence of sufficient variability among the genotypes. Minimum days to first picking were observed for Leena Pak and Meteor each variety taking 61.67 days to first picking. Highest number of pods plant-1 (37.67), hundred green seeds weight (57.33 g) and green pod yield (10.19 tons) was recorded for genotype UAP-47. Maximum pod length (9.87 cm), seeds pod-1 (9.33...
Hafiz Hammad1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Aneela Riaz3, Abid Niaz4 and Muhammad Arif4
...f variance technique and significant of treatments was tested using LSD test at probability level of 5%. The maximum P accumulation (178.37 mg P pot-1), P uptake efficiency (1.90) and PE (phosphorus efficiency) ratio(747.15 g DM (g plant-1) of sunflower was observed with application of NK + Rock phosphate at 7 g/pot + Wheat straw at 28 g pot-1 (T6) in cultivar Hysun-33. While, the lowest value of P accumulation (89.1...
Sheza Shehzadi1, Mohammad Umar Farooq2*, Rukhsana Kausar1, Ijaz Ali1*, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Maqbool Shahbaz4
Grace Okongor, Chukwudi Njoku*, Pauline Essoka and Joel Efiong
...lthough minimal, and not significant to the declining food production trend in Nigeria, the projected increase in yam production in the area would support the deficit in food availability. The nexus between both variables was hypothesized using the multiple linear regression analysis. The result revealed that only sunshine intensity was a significant predictor of yam yield (
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Saleem Ashraf3, Tahir Munir Butt4, Abdur Rehman5, Imtiaz Hussain6 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood2
 
 
... family farming played a significant role in improving their livelihoods on a sustainable basis. A large majority (84.6%) of respondents reported the positive role of family farming in rural livelihood development. Among different potential benefits of family farming “minimize household food insecurity” was perceived as the highest with the utmost mean (4.71/5.00). Rural female in the research area faced a number of constraints inefficient adoption...
Sadaqat Khan1,Saleem Ullah1* and Muhammad Sajid2
... 82.0, respectively were significantly affected (P<0.05) by the interaction of selenium application in irrigation and foliar spray in relation to season. The effect was also significant (P<0.05) on some minerals like Cu, Mn, Zinc, Mg and Se that ranged from 0.2080 to 0.3150, 0.1260 to 0.2520, 0.2012 to 0.2970 and 18.04 to 32.09, 0.2147 to 0.5257 mg/Kg, respectively. Most of the proximate parameters of leaves like moist...

Muhammad Ihtisham1, Noor Amjad2, Muhammad Nauman3, Asghar Ali3, Khawar Riaz3, Muhammad Sajid3, Muhammad Owais Shahid*3 

 

...on and sowing time had a significant effect on germination and seedling growth. The seeds scarified with sulfuric acid for 135 min gave the maximum plant height (25.42 cm), leaves plant-1 (34.45), leaf area (8.00 cm2), stem thickness (0.47 cm), fresh leaves weight (3.31 g), fresh stem weight (1.95 g), root length (22.10 cm) and winter survival (94.44%). However, the same treatment also gave minimum days to germination (2.96) and seedling emergence (12.96). The...
Yuanyuan Zhang1*, Liping Song1, Hui Guo2, Jun Wu1, Xiaoli Wang1 and Fangbin Yao1
... showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in weight gain rate (WG) and a special growth rate (SGR) of fish fed feeds supplemented with 60 and 120 mg curcumin kg-1. When fish were induced by CCl4 after 72 h, fish fed the diet supplemented with 120 mg (P5) curcumin kg-1 had significantly (P<0.05) lower plasma GOT, GPT activities and MDA content and higher plasma...
Jiawei Hong1,2, Mingqiang Chen 1,2, Zhenghua Deng1,2, Youning Li1,2 and Yu Wang1,2*
...t high dosage of 10 mg/L significantly altered the community diversity of noble scallop. This study characterized the variation regularity of the intestinal microbial of the noble scallop in response to enrofloxacin treatment. These results, provide a comprehensive acquaintance with intestinal microecosystem of the noble scallop and contributes to a reasonable use of enrofloxacin treatment on noble scallop.
...
Waseem Khalid1, Ali Ikram1*, Muhammad Rehan2, Farukh Adeem Afzal1, Saadia Ambreen1, Marryam Ahmad3, Afifa Aziz1 and Anam Sadiq1
...nd the world, containing significant quantities of seeds as well as peels that have been discarded. These seeds contain high functional and nutritional potential compounds. It is the most exported and consumed fresh fruit and the residues like seeds and peel are commonly thrown out. It is cultivated in many countries and has high financial value worldwide and all this is due to adaptation to climate and various types of soil., Melon is an excellent source of b...
Salman Ali1*, Ayaz Ali2, Riaz Ali Rind2, Majid Ali3, Zulfiqar Ali Mastoi2, Shagufta Naz3, Muhammad Shakir3, Rashid Ahmed Qaim Khani1
... cooking in methods were significantly varied (LSD<0.05) for different parameters. The fish cooked in microwave resulted average value of moisture 65.03%, titratable acidity 1.78%, pH value 6.26, protein 24.07%, fat 3.76%. Whereas, the fried fish resulted moisture 62.16%, titratable acidity 1.39%, pH value 5.96, protein 21.11%, fat 5.93%. The fish grilled resulted in moisture 60.19%, titratable acidity 1.32%, pH value 5.89, protein 20.28%, and fat 4.13%. Ac...
Ahmad Abrar Khan* and Muhammad Idrees
...tion were positively and significantly related to apricot production while simultaneously flat-headed borer and brown rot were found inversely but significantly related. The study recommends special attention to improve stone fruit production through increased contacts with agricultural extension and research. Moreover,proper use and availability of chemical fertilizers, FYM and irrigation, and timely use of insecticides/pes...
Tasneem Shah*, Muhammad Tariq and Dost Muhammad
...sub> evolution increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing level of added biochar during each incubation period. At day 2, the rate of CO2 evolution increased from 142 µg CO2 g-1 soil d-1 in the control to 259 µg CO2 g-1 soil d-1 in the treatment receiving 130 t biochar ha-1. The same trend continued during 4, 8 and 16 days of incubation periods. However...
Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1*, Nadia Mangrio1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Zia-ul-Hassan Shah2, Ghulam Sughra Mangrio3, Nihaluddin Mari4, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1 and Shazia Parveen Tunio5
 
 
...nded). Results exhibited significant effects of planting methods and NPK application on most studied parameters. In case of planting methods, substantially higher seed germination (%), crop growth rate (g m-2 day-1), leaf area index (%), cane length (cm), internodes cane-1, cane yield (t ha-1), brix (%) and commercial cane sugar (%)were recorded under double sett (parallel to furrow). As regards NPK levels, 281-140-2...
Md. Sabbir Ahamed1, Md. Rayhan Chowdhury1, Md. Atik Mas-ud1, Sujat Ahmed2, Md. Shahadat Hossain1 and Mohammad Nurul Matin1
 
 
...ary branch (PB) obtained significant variation in case of treatment. The genotypic variance (σ2g) obtained maximum for grain per panicle (2918.83) and the lowest value of
Muhammad Ilyas Khan*, Ihsan Mabood Qazi and Mohammad Ayub
 
 
...eties of rice flour were significantly (p < 0.05) different from each other, except ash content. Rice flour had irregular and small to large shape. Amylose content of rice varieties ranged from 9.11% (Watni) to 27.65% (Lavange) and selected as low and high amylose rice varieties. Expectedly, study confirmed that blending of Lavange rice flour had significantly (p < 0.05) improved amylose content of Watni rice flour fro...
Haseeb Khattak1, Imran Ahmad1, Abdul Basit1*, Izhar Ullah1,2, Syed Tanveer Shah1, Humaira Wasila3, Inayat Ullah4, Intizar Ahmad1 and Noman Ahmad1
 
...s and gardening patterns significantly. Highest female flowers, number of leaves and fruits plant-1, leaf area, fruit length, fruit diameter and total yield were observed under vertical gardening pattern. Data recorded for genotypes observed an increase in total yield and fruits plant-1 of Damaz while and increased number of leaves plant-1, leaf area, fruit diameter and length were observed by SCM-01. The interactive response o...
Hafiz Tassawar Abbas1*, Tamoor Khan1, Ghulam Khaliq2, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3, Muhammad Rashid4, Intazar Ali5, Muhammad Abuzar Jaffar2, Ghulam Ali Bugti6 and Muhammad Waseem4
 

...eptible groups exhibited significant variation (p ≤ 0.05) in the mineral contents. Resistant plants group showed 3.75%, 2.93%, 1359, 1667, 1161, 541, 291, 756.6 and 340.26 ppm in “6005” line while susceptible plants group expressed 1.30%, 0.63%, 503 ppm, 441, 515, 152, 70.21, 285.6 and 70 ppm difference in concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe and Cu in “T...
Hafiz Imran Iqbal1*, Zahir Ahmad Zahir2, Obaidur Rehman1, Rizwan Khalid1*, Abdul Waheed1, Raja Abad Raza1, Shahid Saleem1, Muhammad Rashid1, Sarosh Tariq Alvi1 and Asia Munir1
 

...of maize plants improved significantly by inoculation. Root length was increased by 32% with S1+S2+Mn2 strains at original EC. The rhizobacterial strains (either alone or in combination) significantly increased the1000-grain weight, fresh and dry plant biomass up to 35%, 36% and 48% at 6 dSm-1 respectively. Dry matter of the crop (40%) was recorded with Rhizobium strain Mn2 (alone) compared to un-inoculated...
Aylin Celile Oluk1*, Ugur Serbester2, Murat Reis Akkaya3 and Oya Berkay Karaca4
...e content did not differ significantly between milk samples from the two locations (3.90-4.20%). Total unsaturated fatty acid levels were significantly higher than total saturated fatty acid contents, irrespective of the lactation period (p<0.05). Milk from Hatay was high in saturated fatty acids, aromatic hydrocarbons and benzaldehydes, i.e. 4.50 g 100 g-1, 6.80-4.65 mg 100g-1 and 0.28-0.70 mg 100g<...
Ibrar Muhammad Khan1, Dezhi Xu1, Zubing Cao1, Hongyu Liu1, Adnan Khan2,  Sajid Ur Rahman3, Jam Zaheer Ahmed4, Muhammad Akmal Raheem5 and Yunhai Zhang1*
...iability percentage were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the diluent groups treated with 7.5 mmol of L-cysteine or 4.8 mmol of vitamin E. Correspondingly the DNA integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential percentage were found significantly higher (P < 0.05) in diluent groups treated with 7.5 mmol L-cysteine or 4.8 mmol vitamin E. The juvenile results indicated that L-cysteine and vitamin E improve...
Ahsan Numan1,4, Abdul Basit Qureshi2, Fehmeda Farrukh Khan3,Faisal Masud3,Ijaz Ahmad4, Kamran Ashraf5, Nisar Ahmad5, Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf 4, Imtiaz Rabbani4, Hafsa Zaneb6 and Habib Rehman4*
...ed. Results demonstrated significant differences in all electrophysiological attributes of motor nerves except tibial nerve of the DSP patients compared to DMT2 patients in the short duration group. Similar results were noticed for sensory nerves except ulnar nerve in DSP patients. For long duration group, DSP nearly affected all 3 electrophysiological characteristics in both sensory and motor nerves. When short and long duration groups were compared with each...
Simeen Mansoor, Jabeen Farheen* and Meher Hassan
 

...in profile showed highly significant variations and was broadly divided into two major clusters. The 116, 113, 109, 106, 94, 86, 76, 62, and 61 kDa fractions were identified the first time, which may be involved in temperature stress acclimation. Conclusively, the sublethal-temperature along with phytohormones are involved in green gram growth, proteome expression, and thermotolerance via initiating antioxidant defense signaling.
...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Jennifer Ifeoma Okpara1, James Mogoret Dabol1, Joshua Adetunji1, David Adeniyi2, David O. Amanyi3, Otobo I. Ujah4, Veronica David1, Patience Omaiye5 and Onyemocho Audu6

... condom use (p=.04) were significantly related to HDV infection. The study demonstrated high prevalence of HDV infection, which is imperative for policy makers and health care providers to strengthen the prevention measures for HDV, including the use of HBV prevention vaccine. Also, it is important to screen chronic HBV patients for HDV for early detection to avert subsequent development of end stage liver disease. Furthermore, larger studies are needed to gai...
Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani1,*, Sri Rahayu1, Endang Dwi Purbajanti2, Devi Dwi Siskawardani3, Karina Stankeviča4 and Roy Hendroko Setyobudi5
...corrhizae together had a significant effect on plant height 70 d (A2M1 = 53.96 cm), leaf number 70 d (A1M3 = 42.75), leaf N content (A3M3 = 5.36 g 100 g–1), leaf P content (A3M3 = 0.418 g 100 g–1), leaf K content (A3M3 = 0.273 g 100 g–1), number of root nodules (A3M0 = 120), and weight of fresh pods plant–1 (A1M3 = 33.67 g). That application can enhance root nodules and had increased NPK uptak...
Haris Setiawan1, Aris Winaya1,*, Herwintono Herwintono1, Mulyoto Pangestu2 and Yayuk Kholifah3
 

...). The results showed no significant effect on the mortality and motility of spermatozoa (P > 0.05) amongst the treatment. However, there was reduction on mortality and tended to increase on the motility of Limousin bull spermatozoa compared to the non-supplemented extender. Furthermore, the SFE can use in egg-yolk extender with some modification for the efficiency of sperm preservation.
...

Uwem E. George1, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo2, Oluseyi A. Olayinka3, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah4, Temitope O.C. Faleye3,5, Bolaji Oluremi6, Arthur O. Oragwa7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel E. Udoh9, Oluwadamilola G. Osasona1,10, Emmanuel Donbraye11, Olufunke P. Adeniji12, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi3,13* and Johnson A. Adeniji3,13,14

... ARGs with statistically significant reads were identified. Precisely, 90.5% (12/14) of the ARGs detected target drugs that inhibit translation, of which 66.6% (8/12) were tetracycline resistance (TC-r) genes, while remaining 9.5% (2/14) inhibit cell wall synthesis (cfxA3_1 and cfxA6_1). Eight (aph(3’)-III_1, cfxA3_1, cfxA6_1, erm(B)_10, tet(Q)_1, tet(Q)_2, tet(Q)_4, tet(W)_5) of the ARGs detected were predicted to be plasmid-borne. We report using a cul...
Shehzadi Saima1, Maqsoda Perveen2, Muhammad Nawaz1, Khalid M. Ahmad1,* and Haider Sultan1
...leaves, number of leaves significantly at P<0.01 more than side dressing. Although side dressing of potassium also increased the plant growth to some extent more than control, however, number of cormels per plant was decreased. Therefore, it can be concluded that application of potassium by foliar spray is more effective in increasing the growth and flowering of Gladiolus than side dressing.
...
Wahyu Widodo1,*, Imbang Dwi Rahayu2, Adi Sutanto3, Apriliana Devi Anggraini4, Harum Sahara4
Sara Safitri4 and Abubakar Yaro5,6
...as a feed additive had a significant effect on income over feed cost and carcass weight percentage, but it had no significant effect on abdominal fat weight percentage, feed efficiency, meat dry matter content, meat organic matter, meat ash content, dry matter, and organic matter digestibility in super kampong chicken. The best treatment was curcuma by 1 % as feed additive due to the increase of carcass weight percentage by ...
Chaogang Yao, Daxin Pang, Chao Lu, Aishi Xu, Peixuan Huang, Hongsheng Ouyang* and Hao Yu*
...hese two pathways showed significant differences in activation between Large White and Min pigs. The activation of the PPAR and fatty acid metabolism signaling pathways may play a positive role in reducing IMF content in pigs.
...
Saima Siddiqui1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed 1Abdul Sattar Buriro2, Sohail Ahmad3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4 and Muhammad Asam Riaz4*

 

...hat cotton varieties had significantly different physio- morphic characters. There was a negative and significant correlation of TDM (Trichome density on midrib), (r-value = -0.615) and TDV (Trichome density on vein) (r-value = -0.574) with jassid population, while TDL (Trichome density on lamina), TDM and TDV was positively and significantly correlated with whitefly population. Stepwise r...
Canan Vejselova Sezer*
...olid lipid nanoparticles significantly reduced the growth of A549 and MCF-7 cells compared to silymarin. Also these nanoparticles induced apoptosis both in A549 and MCF-7 cells in higher percentages than that of silymarin. In microscopic investigations, it was shown clearly that apoptotic cell death hallmarks in silymarin and silymarin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles treated cells, being more prevalent for the latter. These findings suggested improved bioavai...
Muhammad Farhan Qadir1, Xin-Yu Han1, Meng-li Qiao1, Ying Wang1, Ding Zhang1, Yu-hai Bi1,2, Ali Raza Jahejo1,Qian-qian Cheng1 and Wen-xia Tian1,*
...sidered as statistically significant. Expression levels were increased significantly in case of COX-2 at 0 and 6 h, GSTA3 and PTGDS at 0 h and PTGER4 at 2 h of infection, while decreased expression was observed in case of COX-2 at 2 h, GSTA3 at 10 h, PTGDS at 6 and 10 h, PTGES at 2 and 10 h, PTGER3 at 0, 2, 6 and 10 h and PTGER4 at 6 and 10 h of infection. Besides, western blot analysis of COX-2 protein expression further su...
Rukhsar Ali* and Ali Muhammad
 

...tives were statistically significant during storage period of six months at (p <0.05). From this research work, it has been accomplished that the effect of collective dosage of chemical food preservatives i.e. 0.033% PS, 0.033% SB, and 0.01% KMS on treatment MLBPr7 and MLBPr6 of mango loquat blended pulp samples were more suitable for enhancing the overall quality of blended pulp and showed maximum stability in physiochemical study and...
Muhammad Farooq1*, Allah Rakha2,Jawad Ul Hassan2, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi1, A. Shakoor3, Muhammad Bakhtiar4, Muhammad Noman Khan5,Shoaib Khan5, Ibrar Ahmad6, Shabir Ahmed7 andWang Yunyang1*
 

...tract of muffin were non-significant and effect on ash and crude fiber were significant when 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% mushroom powder based muffin were prepared. The effect of mushroom powder supplementations on loaf weight of muffin was significant and resulted in gradual decrease. However, the effect on loaf volume of muffins was non-significant. The ...

Oluseyi A. Olayinka1, Temitope O.C. Faleye2, Oladipo O. Omotosho3, Oladapo A. Odukaye3, Bolaji Oluremi4, Ibipeju H. Ibitoye1, Oludayo O. Ope-Ewe1, Uwem E. George5, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo6, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel Donbraye9, Olufunke P. Adeniji10, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi1,11* and Johnson A. Adeniji1,11,12

... ARGs with statistically significant reads were identified. Almost all targeted broad-spectrum antibiotics with over 50% targeting Tetracyclines. Five (ant(6)-Ia_3, tet(40)_1, tet(Q)_1, tet(W)_5 and tet(O/W)_4) of the ARGs were predicted to be plasmid-borne. Our findings show that the Swine industry in the region might be both a mixing pot and reservoir of ARGs. It is therefore crucial that effort is made to educate the stakeholders on the importance of good a...

Atilla Yıldız

...arameters demonstrated a significant (P < 0.0001) increase between conceived cows’ mean score (13.47) and non-conceived cows’ mean score (10.59). All parameters of the cervical mucus score for non-conceived cows were reduced, with the change in viscosity (P < 0.05), spinnbarkeit (P < 0.01) and fern pattern (P < 0.01) being a significant. The highest conception rate was achieved in score 3 for all para...
Uzma Ayaz1,* and Muhammad Fareed Khan2
 

...ibes positive and highly significant correlation among initiation of flowering days (0.099**), completion of flowering days (0.015**), seedling percentage (0.022**) with oil percentage. The leaves per plant (0.830*), chlorophyll content (0.749*), height of plant (0.527*) and head diameter (0.406*) were significantly correlated with grains yield. Scatter plot involving PC1 and PC 2 contributing maximum variation (37.57% and 1...

Memoona Tehseen1, Sajila Hina2*, Alim-un-Nisa2 and Naseem Zahra2

...mum concentration showed significant effectiveness in oxidative stabilization of the sunflower oil. 

...

Safdar Hussain1, Muhammad Naeem Mushtaq5, Ali Bakhsh3, Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool1, Muhammad Sarwar1, Muhammad Jan4*, Muhammad Abdul Qayyum2 and Arif Husain2

..., the application of ABA significantly increased the plants population (95.55 m-2), plant height, tillers (88.77 m-2), spike (287.17), spikelets per spike (18.56), grains per spike (55.21), spike length (12.38 cm) and thousand grain weight (40.95). Similar trend was also observed in case of grain yield (5708.51 kg ha-1), biological yield (16380.9 kg ha-1), harvest index (34.85 %), water use efficiency (4.78 kg ha-1 mm-1), drought yield index (92.21%), protein ...

M. Javed Iqbal1, Rizwan Shukat1, Muhammad Farooq2*, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi2, Naila Ilyas3, Rahman Ullah4, A. Shakoor5, Muhammad Bakhtiar6 and Faraz Ahmed7 

...tration of foaming agent significantly increased the drying rate from 0.422± 0.169 (Control) to 0.744± 0.169 (soy protein). Foamed onion paste were dried faster than un-foamed which decreased the drying time of 5 hours for foamed onion paste at 65°C and 75°C. Foamed onion pastes were dried in 300, 240 and 300 min at 55°C, 65°C and 75°C temperature respectively, with 12 % concentration of soy protein as foaming agent while un-f...

Ijaz Ahmad* and Bakhtiar Gul

...t growth parameters were significantly affected by the weeds competition in both the studied years. The maximum wheat plant height (38.1 and 39.4) was recorded in wheat, having no weeds competition during the year 2018 and 2019 respectively. Whereas, the minimum plant height (cm) 30.4 and 31.9 was recorded in wheat infested with Avena fatua and Silybum marianum. Due to the large leaf canopy of S. marianum, it is not possible for other species to sustain, becau...

Naveed Wahid Awan1, Asif Ali Abro2* and Ahmed Raza ul Mustafa3

...x was found negative and significant, whereas agricultural accessories are positive and have a significant relationship with dependent variables. This study recommends to rationalize the use of fertilizer and energy consumption that negatively affect the environment, whereas, the use of tube-wells and provision of credit to farmers impact positively in the production of major crops and land revenue in Pakistan.

...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Wakil2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi3, Waqas Raza1* and Mahmood Ahmad Randhawa4

...ed that amino acids play significant role in resistance and susceptibility of chickpea cultivars against A. rabiei.

...

Ali Zaman1, Nabila Roohi1 and Muhammad Irfan2*

...d recumbence or death. A significant change in complete blood count (CBC) including packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration, red blood cells (RBCs) count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) platelets count, mean platelet volume (MPV), white blood cells (WBCs) count, monocytes count, lymphocytes count and granulocytes count. Serum biochemistry profiles (total protei...

Aamer Sattar1, Sadia Sultana1*, Abid Niaz1, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Irfan Rasheed3, Muhammad Shoaib4, Raheela Naz1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Farah Rasheed1, Arfan ul Haq1, Munazza Rafique5, Muhammad Arif1, Sarfraz Hussain1 and Jafar Salim6

...erties were not affected significantly.

...
Khaliq Dad1, Muhammad Nawaz2*, Rumsha Hassan2, Kainat Javed2, Asma Shaheen2, Fengliang Zhao3, Muhammad Imran4, Syed Tansir Hussain Shah4, Muhammad Faraz Anwar5 and Muhammad Aurangzaib6
 
... showed that biochar has significant progressive effects on the growth and physiology of tomato by limiting the uptake of Cd by plants. As the concentration of Cd increased to high i.e. 15 mg/kg of soil, the limiting capacity of biochar was also seen less effective.

...

Arshad Mehmood Khattak1, Saleem Ullah1*, Farida Anjum2, Hamid U. Shah1 and Sahib Alam1

...d mineral profile showed significant difference (P<0.05) by comparing cultivars and edible parts. Proximate composition (%) of the cultivars showed that Moisture (80.84) and Ash (3.50) were high in Lawaghar, Crude fiber (6.60) in KK-2, Crude protein in Chattan (7.87) while Crude fat (2.22) was high in KK-1. Among the edible parts, Moisture (85.54) and Ash (3.54) were high in Green grains while Crude fiber (6.38), Crude protein (8.29) and Crude fat (1.99) we...

Muhammad Musa1*, Muhammad Riaz Gondal2, Aaqib Riaz3, Sikander Hayat2 and Iftikhar Haider1

...d on 20th April produced significantly higher green fodder yield but low seed yield and total income ha-1 whereas 10th March and 20th March produced higher number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight, tillers m-2 and seed yield. It indicated that date of last cut of fodder up to 20th March could enable a balance between fodder yield and seed yield, resulting in higher income. Temperature ranging from 15 0C to 38 0C and relative humidity ranging from 60.70 to 38...

Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1*, Muhammad Aslam Panhwar1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio1, Muhammad Saleem Sarki1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi1, and Niaz Ahmed Wahocho2

... 66 and 99 mg Zn L-1 had significantly more number of leaves (27.4 ± 1.14 and 29.9 ± 1.36) and berries plant-1 (12.0 ± 1.02 and 13.0 ± 0.61), heavier berries plant-1 (129.7 ± 8.15 g and 139.5 ± 2.85g), and higher plant fresh weight (33.8 ± 5.40 g and 40.2 ± 5.74 g) respectively, when compared with plants that were sprayed with distilled water. However, the zinc concentration in strawberries was
Tai-hua Jin1, An-gang Lou2,Jiu-xiu Ji1, Cheng-dou Cui2, Long-zheng Yu2 andLi-zeng Guan1*
...n yellow cattle could be significantly decreased by adding miR-1468 mimics (P<0.01), while these were significantly increased by adding miR-1468 inhibitor (P<0.05). The results of bioinformatics analysis and double luciferase reporter gene system validation showed that miR-1468 targeted 3’UTR of cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1). miR-1468 mimics could ...

Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Qasim Raza1*, Awais Riaz1, Misbah Hanif2, Wajiha Saeed2, Shawaiz Iqbal1, Tahir Hussain Awan1, Syed Sultan Ali1 and Muhammad Sabar1

....6 and -0.8 MPa). Highly significant (p < 0.01) effects of drought, SA and their interactions were observed on seed germination. Interestingly, varying SA concentrations imparted more pronounced effects under higher osmotic stress levels. Day-wise germination data indicated that the SA treatments alleviated inhibitory effects of different osmotic stress levels after 2–4 days of stress applications. Under medium to high osmotic stress levels, mean germ...
Aneeqa Saleem1, Muhammad Islam1, Hamid Saeed1* and Mehwish Iqtedar2
...el and pulp demonstrated significant improvements in serum creatinine (Peel: N; 1±0.44, PC; 1.4±0.62, CHL; 0.43±0.18, p<0.05, Pulp: CHL; 0.8±0.26, p<0.05) and BUN levels (Peel: N; 13.2±0.53, PC; 9.1±0.97, CHL; 9.4±0.84, p<0.05, Pulp: 10.5±0.7, p=0.05) compared to positive and normal controls, respectively. Moreover, uric acid levels were imp...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1 and  Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2 
... findings did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The calves gained 85.8 and 89.6 kg over 90 days with feed efficiency of 7.08 and 6.83 fed 18% and 22% levels of protein ration, respectively. The mean values of body condition scoring (BCS) and back fat layer measurement (BFLM) in five male camel calves of different weights, fed 18% and 22% CP ration were 4.4±0.9, 4.8±0.4 and 4.6±0.5, 4.9±0.3, respectively. The results indicated th...
Muhammad Naveed1, Asif Nadeem1,2*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Fahad Bhutta3 and Ruqayya Bint Khalid1
...G→A, in exon 5, was significant that causes a non-synonymous amino acid change from Serine (S) to Asparagine (N). Further, 64 genetic variants were also identified in STAT5A gene and these variants were due to cattle and buffalo differences. Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary divergence were also estimated. The sequence was submitted to GenBank (NCBI) with accession number MN712202. Our results represent a preliminary step towards the identific...
Jing Yu1*, Jiangmei Mao1,2 and Dongliang Wang1,3
... bay. As one of the most significant influencing factors to PP, chlorophyll a (Chl-a) showed similar characteristics of spatiotemporal distribution. Comparing results of different estimation models, it was found that density of fishery resources assessed by Cushing model matched well with the in-situ investigation data of fishery resources. Marine primary productivity and fishery resources in the Daya Bay were mainly influenced by Chl-a distribution, cage cult...
Xinjian Wang1,2, Eryan Yang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*
... behaviors showed highly significant differences among all the daily time intervals (P<0.01). During the winter, the foraging and vigilance behaviors declined first, and then increased, which is contrary to the rest behavior. When the water level was lower in mid January, the time budget for vigilance behavior reached the lowest, amounting to 5.19±0.88%. There were significant or highly sig...
Muhammad Mobashar1, Qazi Aqeel1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Assar Ali Shah2*, Ahmed A.A. Abdel-Wareth3, Salman Khan4, Nazir Ahmad1, Sami Ullah1 and  Haq Amanullah5
...tter intake (g/day) were significantly (P<0.05) affected in treatment groups. In-vivo nutrient digestibility, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen-free extract (NFE), ash were significantly higher (P<0.05) in treatment groups, while in in-sacco degradability the DM and OM degradability at different time intervals (2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 18h and 24 h) were signi...

Muhammad Madni Afzal1*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Amer Habib1, Waqas Ashraf2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan3, Muhammad Raheel2 and Qaiser Shakeel2

... country and contributes significantly to the economy of Pakistan. Onion is susceptible to many foliar, bulb and root fungal pathogens that badly destroy onion crops, greatly reducing its yield and quality. Fusarium oxysporum is a very common soil-borne fungus that causes basal rot onion and it has the ability to survive in the soil for many years without having a host. Many fungicides are available in the market to control the basal rot of onion which contain...

Moheem Khan1, Arif Ali1*, Shafique Ahmed Memon1, Taimoor Khan Qambrani2, Ghulam Khaliq3, Jahanzaib Khan1, Saghir Ahmed1, Azmat Hussain Abro4 and Sohail Azeem Baloch1

...sts in store-grain and a significant stress factor affecting stored grain pests. The Present research work was designed to control T. castaneum through ultraviolet radiation (UV-B 313 nm) light is applied at various timings such as 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 minutes UV-B light on all developmental stages of T. castaneum. The results revealed that significant mortality was observed in eggs, larvae and pupal stage at all given ti...

Miloudi Hilali1*, Hanae El Monfalouti1, Larbi El Hammari2, Farid Amar3, Zakaria Mennane4, Malika Haddam5, Nadia Maata6 and Badr Eddine Kartah1

...ion is a factor that can significantly influence the quality of olive oil. Oleic acid, criterion of nutrition and quality of olive oil. Also, the amount of stearic acid increases with the ripening of the olive fruit. The sterol result shows that the percentage of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol (95.2%) increased with the ripening of the olives. The influence of ripening parameter is significant on the main quality criteri...

Ghulam Muhiyuddin Kaloi1* and Mehrunisa Memon

...3%. The SAR and ESP were significantly reduced with a slight increase (0.1-7.5%) in pH, EC, Cl and HCO3. 

...

Gulzar Ullah* and Gohar Ayub

... durations and varieties significantly affected the growth and yield of tomato. Regarding heat pretreatment durations, number of flower clusters plant-1 (16.06), fruit set percentage (68.33%), number of flowers cluster-1 (8.34), chlorophyll content (50.31 SPAD), leaf relative water content (75.34%), Putrescine concentration (193.95 nmol/g), spermidine concentration (154.59 nmol/g), spermine concentration (36.51 nmol/g), yield (20.14 t ha-1), early flowering (2...

M. Azam, Iqtidar Hussaian*, Ghazanfar ullah, A.A. Khakwani, M.S. Baloch, K. Waseem, M. Amjed Nadeem and M.K. Javaid 

... Seedling density showed significant differences for traits such as unfertile tiller hill-1, while transplanting dates also indicated significant differences for biological yield, grain yield, plant height, spikelet fertility (%), 1000-grain yield and number of unfertile tiller per plant. Seedling densities and transplanting dates interaction also showed significant differences for various...

Muzamil Farooque Jamali1, Fayaz Ali Jamali1, Tanveer Fatima Miano1, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi2, Sohail Ahmed Otho3, Khalid Hussain Talpur4, Niaz Ahmed Wahocho1 and Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro5*

...tigated traits decreased significantly. The varieties showed highly different responses for both seed and flowering related attributes. The variety dwarf double mix had a better seed germination and flowering growth and production in comparison with African orange. The double mix showed better seed germination (64.64 %), seed germination index (1.53), plant height (14.94 cm), branches/plant (36.71), leaves/plant (190.73), flowers/plant (5.64), diameter of flow...
Arshad Khan1, Mohammad Ihsan1, Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Muhammad Laiq1, Maryam Bibi1, Nasir Ali2, Ulfat Naz1, Muhammad Zakria1, Nausheen Nazir3, Adam Khan4 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz5
...e and 7 quantitative). A significant diversity was found for leaf length with the range of 4 to 15 cm, leaf width 1 to 7.0 cm, petiole length range from 0.5 to 4.5cm.The internodes length ranged from 0.5cm to 6. The seed length ranged from 4 to 11mm. The 100 seed weight ranged from 7.7 to 48g. Correlation analysis revealed that leaf width was strongly significant with leaf length (0.454**), 100 seed weight with leaf length (...
Arbab Zubair Ahmad1, Farman Ullah1, Hayat Badshah2, Muhammad Shehzad Khan1* and Bashir Ahmad1
... no choice test revealed significantly greater adult emergence (18.9±12.6) and egg laying efficiency (82.2±6.8 eggs/female) with shortest developmental time (27.6±0.6 days) in wheat, while adult emergence (9.62±6.1) was less in maize grains. In choice test, significant effect of developmental time of S. cerealella was observed with wheat (27.4±0.2 days) and barley (27.2±0.2 days) all...

Hafsa Naheed* and Hidayat-Ur-Rahman

...interaction effects were significant for all the traits studied, indicating that the performance of most of the genotypes was not the same across the environments. Various stability parameters; Eberhart and Russell, Perkin and Jinks and Finlay and Wilkinsons models were used to determine stability. Considering the Eberhart and Russell’s approach G.27, G.34, G.11, G.17, Siran and G.35 for tillers m-2 and G.22, G.23, G.31 for kernel weight had the bi (regr...

Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz2*, Zunera Abbas1, Uzma Nazir1, Mehrunisa Basharat1, Tanveer Ahmed3, Adnan Ahmad Qazi2

... into water bodies are a significant cause of water contamination. This increase in heavy metals cause genetic damage in exposed species like fish. Therefore, this study focused on the genotoxic effects of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) on nuclear abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of Wallago attu were assessed by micronucleus assay. Fish were exposed to different concentrations (1/3rd, 1/4th, 1/5thand 1/7th of LC50) of Pb, Cr and Cd, separate...

Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Afzal2

...n of imidacloprid gave a significant control compared to other insecticides. The lowest population of both ACP adults (1.80/plant) and nymphs (10.4/plant) was observed after exposure to imidacloprid than the rest of the chemicals. Similarly, CLM larval population was also observed lower (1.13/plant) when imidacloprid was applied. The least affected chemical was spirotetramat, as the population of both pests was recorded higher on citrus plants after applicatio...

Sajida Batool1, Saira Batool1, Sitara Shameem1, Fatima Khalid1, Tahira Batool2, Summera Yasmeen1, Saima Batool3*

...s. ATZ exposure caused a significant decline in mean body and liver weight as compared to the Cnt group. The histopathological findings in ATZ administered group included loosening hepatic tissue, massive degeneration of hepatocytes, deformed nuclei of hepatocytes, highly disordered trabecular arrangement, vacuolar degeneration, diffuse necrosis, congestion and degeneration of the hepatic portal vein. Micrometric data indicated a signi...
Kai Jin1,2,3, Chen Chen 1,2,3, Xinyu Sun1,2,3, Caiye Zhu1,2,3, Mahmoud F. Ahmed1,2,3,4, Qisheng Zuo1,2,3, Jiuzhou Song4 and Bichun Li1,2,3*
...n the positive group was significantly higher than the control group both in F1 and F2 (P > 0.05). The rate of positive expression of exogenic gene and exogenic protein was 10.29% and 8.82% in the transgenic goat by testicular injection. Results of the present study showed that SCD1 gene plays a crucial function in goat fatty acid metabolism, and that SCD1 can regulate fat synthesis in SCD1-transferred mice and be inherited stably. Also...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2*, Syed Shahid Ali2 and Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem1
...f these populations were significantly reduced, while trehalase and amylase activities were significantly increased in larvae of both populations throughout the phosphine exposure period with reference to their respective unexposed group values. In case of soluble proteins, an elevation was observed which was followed by a decline after 72 h. Similarly, free amino acid contents showed increasing trend in both larval instars ...
Tanmoy Mandal1 and Sunil Kr. Ghosh2*
...f miner population had a significant positive correlation with temperature and relative humidity. A mixed formulation of imidacloprid with azadiraction was found to be the most effective against leaf miner showing 79.24% mortality with imidacloprid 76.25% and in the mixed formulation imidacloprid+polygonum 73.74 %. It is concluded that lower dose of imidacloprid mixing with azadiractin/polygonam/spilanthes extracts will be environmentally sound and eco-friendl...
Ahmet Arpacık
...ay analysis of variance, significant differences were identified in both hair length and diameter, medullary diameter and index, and hair root diameter values among the three species (P <0.05).
...
Ahmed Saud Alsaqufi1, Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman2,3*, Roshmon Thomas Mathew2, Yousef Ahmed Alkhamis1,2, Md. Moshiur Rahman3,4 and Muhammed Aslam Pathiri2
... complete darkness (24D) significantly improved the overall growth parameters (total length, standard length, caudal peduncle length, anal fin length, caudal fin length, total body depth, dorsal fin length, pre dorsal distance, pre anal distance, pre ventral distance, head width, head length, eye diameter, maxillary barbell length, inter orbital length, and specific growth rate) than all other treatments, while no significant
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Saima Hanif1, Shagufta Andleeb2, Beenish Zahid3 and Madeeha Arshad4
...ic observations revealed significant decrease (P≤0.001) in body weight of mice in Al treated groups as compared to control but organs weight increased contrary to the body weight. Significant increase (P≤0.01-P≤0.001) was recorded in total alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in liver and urea, and creatinine levels in kidneys, in Al exposed groups against control. In ...

Frederic Ndihokubwayo and Atakan Koç

...0.01) were statistically significant. Considering the milk quality traits, the effect of farm on FC (P < 0.01); the effects of farm, parity, calving season and lactation stage on NFDMC (P < 0.01) and the effects of farm, parity and TEHS on Log10SCC (P < 0.01) were found statistically significant. The Log10SCC positively correlated with the TEHS (r = 0.24; P < 0.01), but its correlation with BDS is very low (r = 0...
Abdul Muhaimin Wahab1, Basit Zeshan2,*, Naveed Ahmed2, Muhammad Afzal2 and Muhammad Naveed2
...ugh questionnaire showed significant difference which were open house system and untreated water source. Other risk factors which includes small scale, not using probiotic and poor biosecurity were not significant enough in association to occurrence of C. jejuni. Based on the risk factors that have been identified, control measure to reduce the occurrence was; by changing the open housing system into close housing sys...

Muhammad Junaid*, Musharaf Ahmad and Saifullah

...as better as it produced significantly less (1.14) disease as compared to green manure with 1.35 disease severity. On the other hand, among concentrations, 5% was the best yielding with 2.17kg plant-1, while the other concentrations i.e. 1% and 10% gave statistically similar and less yield (1.83 and 1.77kg plant-1, respectively). Thus, it was concluded, that the application of green manure compost (used in 1% and 5% V/V concentration) to the soil, suppress the...
Naimat Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Hassan Saleem2, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Shafee3, Ayesha Hassan2, Mumtaz Ali Khan2 and Nadeem Rashid3
... While on sex basis, non-significant (P<0.05) 15.66 % and 13.91% prevalence was found in female and male animals, respectively. Chemotherapeutic trial of three allopathic (Paromomycin, Metronidazole and Azithromycin) drugs were used against five groups (groups A-E). Paromomycin, Metronidazole, Allium sativum and Azithromycin showed 91.77%, 78.20 %, 77% and 59.29 % reduction in oocysts per gram, respectively. This study explores the potential use of <...
Saba Afzal1, Sohail Raza1,*, Masood Rabbani1, Sehrish Firyal2, Imran Altaf1 and Zahra Naeem1
...ntration, PPRV titre was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) by two log to 103.0 TCID50/0.1 mL as compared to virus control 105.5 TCID50/0.1 mL. Moreover, the ivermectin exposure after the viral attachment and entry steps able to reduce virus titre more as compare to viral attachment and entry steps that predicts the possible mechanism of the drug. Therefore, our study first time demonstrated the antiviral po...
Saqib Nawaz1, Sher Bahadar Khan1*, Umar Sadique1, Muhammad Israr2
Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Hameed Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Irshad5, Ihsan Ali1 and Haq Aman Ullah1
...rent regions. Similarly, significantly (P˂0.001) higher prevalence was observed in lambs (54%) as compared to sheep (23%). For gross and histopathological lesions a total of 50 animals were necropsied infected with C. perfringens type D. A total of 43 (86%) sheep were recorded having hemorrhages on serosa of intestine followed by gas filled small intestine in 41 sheep (82%), lesions in ileum and colon...
Junyan Bai1,2, Ren Tao Di Wu2, Le Ma Dao2, Di Bao2, Qiang Zhang2 and Xing Hua Tian3

 

...neness of male camel was significantly higher than that of female camel (P < 0.05). At the age of 2-7, the fluff fineness of male and female camel increased with age, At the age of 8-10 years, the fluff fineness of male and female camel has no obvious change trend with the increase of age. The best regression equation of male camel’s wool fineness to age is quadratic regression equation: Y=15.971+0.409X-0.008X2, the fitting degree is 0.983,...

Imran Ullah Khan*, Noor Ul Amin, Sayyed Hamad Ahmad Shah, Maqsood Khan, Shehzad Ahmad and Syed Aizaz Ali Shah

...acid interaction was not significant in all parameters. Zinnia Cv. Dahlia and Candy Cane both adapted to the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar. Humic acid level at the rate of 10 kg ha-1 showed better results upon application to Zinnia and hence it is suggested for best production.

...

Syed Muhammad Aun Naqvi1, Sara Tahir1, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Huma Naz3, Amara Gilani4, Atif Liaqat5

...to have higher nutrients significantly (p<0.05) as compared to W1 and W2. Further, it is found that although the gills, liver, and gut of fish are not eaten directly by humans, but they have significant nutrient contents. The inferences of the present study would be helpful for the fish consumers in selection the best weight category and animal feed formulators. 
 

Muhammad Yousif Jakhrai1, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio2, Ali Mujtaba Shah1*, Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon1

...ral anesthesia produce a significant analgesic and sedative effect for laparotomy (peritoneal) surgical interventions in ovine and caprine species as compared to lidocaine. 
 
Novelty Statement | This comprehensive review will be very helpful to reduce anesthetic risk by using high epidural analgesia in small ruminants for hindquarter surgical procedures like hysterotomy, celiotomy, rumenotomy, rep...

Imrana Khushk1, Abdul Nabi Jatt2, Abdul Sattar Qureshi1*, Choudhary Haider Ali3, Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto1, Imran Ibrahim Khaskheli1, Sartar Iqbal Panhwer1

...rice straw. There was no significant difference when commercial cellulase youtell#7 and onsite produced cellulase were used in saccharification of high solid wheat straw simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). However, onsite produced cellulase does not need enzyme purification, packing and transportation. Hence, the production of bioethanol and lactic acid cost reduced at large extent by using on-site produced cellulase in the saccharification o...

Jabeen Farheen1,2*, Simeen Mansoor1 and Maria Abid1

...ions in which allura red significantly induced the highest frequencies of abnormal prophase, sticky metaphase, c-mitosis, sticky anaphase, and laggard anaphase at each concentration. While, dislocated metaphase, forwarded anaphase, and bridge anaphase were only found in sunset yellow, tartrazine, and fast green, respectively. The use of evaluated FCAs especially allura red in foodstuff, cosmetics, and skincare products can cause cancer in humans.

...

Attaullah Jan1*, Saleem Khan2, Iftikhar Alam1, Farzeen Khan3 and Muhammad Farooq4*

...t;0.05 was considered as significant. Children of the current study belonged to low-middle socioeconomic class. Prevalence of malnutrition as indicated by any of the three indicators was: underweight 16.8%; stunting 27.7%; thinness 9.8 %. Correlation between age and protein and energy intake, and weight and energy and protein, showed that protein energy intake increased with increasing age and weight. Overall, both stunting and underweight were more common in ...

Umar Farooq1, Muhammad Akmal1, Qadeer Ahmad2, Zahid Akram2, Adnan Arshad3, Huma Qamar4*, Hafeez Ullah5, Muhammad Zubair4 and Muhammad Rizwan Khurshid4

...PK of the soil were also significantly affected through Fe-enriched organic amendments.

...

Fayaz Ahmad, Noorullah Khan, Farrukh Siyar Hamid, Abdul Waheed, M. Abbas Khan, Imtiaz Ahmad, Shamsul Islam, Basharat Hussain Shah, Sohail Aslam and Qamar uz Zaman

Muhammad Adnan Islam1*, Zia-Ul-Haq2, Rana Shahzad Noor2, Matiullah Khan4, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Zulfiqar Ali3, Asif Ali Mirani3, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Muzammil Husain1 and Badar Munir Khan Niazi1

...ls shows that FBPD gives significantly more yield as compared to zero till drill and Rabi drill. The effect of fertilizer band placement on all above-mentioned parameter was more pronounced over other two drills, when half bag of DAP was applied. The half bag DAP applied with fertilizer band placement drill gave 24.30% and 21.38% increased grain yield over zero-drill and farmers practice (Rabi Drill), respectively. Generally, the fertilizer band placement dril...

Saima Naz1*, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2, Saba Saeed1

...erent in size as well. A significant positive correlation of metallic ion concentrations was observed with sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide and electrical conductivity whereas an inverse relationship was obtained with dissolved O2 for both Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala test mediums. It is concluded that acute concentration of nickel is lethal for both fish species with a significant difference of LC50 and lethal concen...
Mohammed  Akinlabi Rufai1*, Abideen Akinkunmi Wahab2, Kamil Ayo Fasasi1, Quadri Olusegun Adeshina1 and Mary Tolulope Awotidebe1
...icated that there was no significant difference in the overall biocidal activities of H. bacteriophora at 5% confidence limit (F>0.05). Statistical test conducted on the data also supports the reliability of the data with a correlation coefficient of 0.85<R2<1.

...

Shapon Kumar Bashak1, Alok Kumar Paul1, Md. Akhtar Hossain1, Usman Atique2,3*, Sonia Iqbal3, Md. Najim Uddin1, Asrafi Mohammad Farhaduzzaman4, Md. Mojibar Rahman5, Md. Shahanul Islam6

...r quality factors varied significantly in different ponds. Similar was the case with the mean outcomes about the final body weight, net weight gain, specific growth rater (SGR), fish survival rate, and net yield. The final body weight varied significantly from 274.53 ± 1.93 in T3 to 349.40 ± 1.58 in T1, while the SGR difference was recorded from 0.45 ± 0.00 in T3 to 0.58 ± 0.01 in T1. However, the...
Imran Tarique1*, Muhammad Ghiasuddin Shah1, Illahi Bux Kalhoro1
Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani2, Mansoor Tariq 2, Jamil Ahmed Gandahi1
Saqib Ali Fazlani3 and Benazir Sahito3
... in all body regions and significant (0.05) in age and sex group. The epidermis possessed stratified squamous epithelium, and main cells was keratinocytes. The dermal-epidermal junction was regular with an absence of dermal papillae and epidermal ridges. Dermis layer possess dens irregular connective tissue, which consist of elastic, collagen and reticular fibers. Supe...
Yawang Sun, Yongjiang Wu, Jingbo Chen, Zili Wang, Juncai Chen, You Yang and Guozhong Dong*
...and hemeoxygenase 1 were significantly increased at the LPS concentrations of 12.5 and 100 ng/mL. Both Fanconi Anemia complementation group D2 protein and Fanconi Anemia complementation group L had significantly higher gene expression at 100 ng/mL LPS level. The protein expression of phosphorylated histone 2AX showed a linear rise in the range of LPS levels from 0 to 12.5 ng/mL, then significant
Jen-Hong Chu1, Ya-Wen Lan2, Shyn-Shin Sheen3 and Angela Chien3*
...th diets L6 and L12 were significantly higher than those of larvae fed with diets L0, L2 and L4. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of L. canarium larvae fed with treatment diets was significantly lower than that of conch fed with control diet. The minimum dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) (C20:5n-3 + C22:6n-3) requirement for L. canarium was 19.59% of total lipid. Lipase activity in soft body incre...
Muhammad Afnan Rabbi, Iqtidar Hussain*, Ejaz Ahmed, Muhammad Saad and Aitezaz Ali Asad Shahani
...e and harvest index were significant in different doses of N and P2O5 with different levels of NAA. Maximum grain yield and yield contributing parameters were acquired from fertilizer dose of 180 N and 120 P2O5 and PGR level (50 ml NAA ha-1). Based on one year study, 50 ml ha-1 of NAA with optimum dose of N and P2O5 seemed to gain a maximum net return from wheat crop in agro-ecological condition of Dera Ismail Khan.

...

Syed Ismat Hussain1, Muhammad Ramzan Asi1, Habbib Anwar1, Faqeer Ahmad1, Ateeq ur Rehman2*, Muhammad Shahid3, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Ummad ud Din Umar2, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4, Memuna Ijaz1 and Hafiz Usman Shakir1

...n the control fields was significantly higher than those in the PB ropes fields. There were no significant differences in moth catches, rosette flower percentage or left over boll damage %age among different Tehsils and varieties. However significant differences were observed in boll damages among Tehsils and varieties. Our studies showed significantly l...

Tanweer Fatah Abro1, Asif Ali Kaloi1, Jay Kumar Sootaher1*, Piar Ali Shar1, Tarique Ahmed Baloch2, Tanveer Ali Soomro1, Muhammad Saleem Chang3, Kirshan Kumar Menghwar1 and Waqar Hussain Shah4

Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1 and Nasir Ali Tauqir2

...vely. The results showed significant difference between male and females for macro and trace minerals except magnesium. The results will be used as a primary database for future studies of this field.

...

Imtiaz Ahmed*, Naveed Ahmed, Abdul Waheed, Muhammad Abbass Khan, Noorullah Khan and Fayyaz Ahmed

...the experiments revealed significant variation among studied parameters. In case of growing methods, maximum vine length (4.55 m), number of leaves vine-1 (41.22), number of fruit set vine-1 (4.04), fruit weight (2.23 kg), fruit length (41.63 cm), number of seeds fruit-1 (648.83), seed weight fruit-1 (86.66 g) and seed yield (290.33 kg ha-1) was obtained from plants which were trained vertically whereas minimum vine length (4.16 m), number of leaves vine1 (33....

Muhammad Adnan Fahad1, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Sheraz Ahmed2* and Imtiaz Ali2

...ourse improvement caused significant effect on irrigation water and it is therefore justified from economic perspectives.

...
Yahong Guo1,3, Zeqin Fu1,3, Jiantong Feng1,3, Chengrui Yan1,3, Yingying Ye1,3*, Kaida Xu2 and Baoying Guo1,3
...ly the FZW sample showed significant divergence from the others. The wild and cultured ZS and WZ specimens groups were similar, and the wild and cultured ND specimens groups were crossed. Thus, we need to establish genetic protection units for M. unguiculatus, limit the selection of breeding parents, and maintain a high-quality germplasm bank for M. unguiculatus.
...

Saima Maher1,3*, Shahina Fayyaz2, Nadra Naheed3 and Zarbakth Dar1

...respectively found to be significantly effective than compounds VA5 (LC50 = 0.1575 μg/ml), VA 6 (LC50 =0.1575 μg/ml), VA2 (LC50 = 0.6269μg/ml and VA3 (LC50 = 0.25) VA1(LC50 = 0.3969μg/ml). The findings indicated that the constituents of V. album have a natural potential to use as nematicides and introduction in eco-friendly management strategies.

...

Allah Bakhsh1, Attiq Akhtar1*, Fiaz Hussain1 and Shabbir Ahmed2

...ungal disease and causes significant yield loses to grapes yield every year. Fruit Zone Leaf Removal (FZLR) is a canopy management technique that provides a cost-effective and high-quality grape yield. In order to boost grape quality and minimize disease incidence in the King’s Ruby variety, FZLR was used for two seasons in a row. Total leaf removal was used before bloom, during full bloom, and four weeks after bloom, and was compared to an untreated con...
Suman Bhattarai1*, Subodh Raj Pandey2, Jaya Prakash Dutta3, Meghnath Timalsena4 and Rajendra Bam5
...ng plants (p=0.057) have significant effect on honeybee productivity. Labour cost and migration cost had positive coefficient and significant relation at 1% level of significance with gross return whereas expenses on baiting materials had positive coefficient and significant relation at 5% level of significance with the gross return. Thirty-six percentage of total visit for foraging of hon...

Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Abdul Moeez1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Aneela Riaz3

...e impact of salinity and significantly enhanced the nutrients status of wheat plant. Under normal soil conditions, sodium (Na) concentration (5.63 mg/g), potassium (K) concentration (9.20 mg/g), Na/K ratio (1.60 mg/g), relative water contents (56.49%) and total chlorophyll contents (2.74 mg/g) were observed when maximum concentration of Si was applied i.e. 100 µg Si/g and least was recorded when no Si was applied. Similarly, under saline soil conditions,...

Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Abdul Moeez1, Humaira Ramzan1, Mudassar Hafeez1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Aneela Riaz3, Sher Muhammad4 and Muhammad Latif4

...e impact of salinity and significantly enhanced the growth of rice plant. Maximum height of rice plant (106 cm), fertile tillers number per spike (6), 1000-grain weight (21.76 g), shoot fresh biomass (25.62 g) and shoot dry matter (12.86 g) were found under saline environment when maximum concentration of Si was applied i.e. 100 µg Si/g and least values were obtained when no Si was applied. Thus, application of Si as higher concentration (100 µg Si...

Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Sylvain Nafiba Ouedraogo2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1

... food were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Exotic potato cultivars Diamant, Desiree and Asterix exhibited maximum leaf consumption and larval weight gain (i.e. 264.61, 259.37 and 233.01 mg and 121.46, 120.17, 120.13 mg, respectively) concomitantly with maximum values of relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR) and ingested food conversion efficiency (ECI). Cultivars Lady Rosetta, Cardinal, Ajax, Kuroda and Sante exhibited intermedia...

Mohammad Tariq Aziz* and Ayesha Khan

...ems faced whereas highly significant relationship was found for age and farming experience with application of information obtained while non-significant association existed with educational level. The study recommends that extension agents should create awareness and educate farmers on the use of modern ICT tools to obtain timely and relevant information to speed up adoption of innovations.

...

Habiba ur Rehman, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar and Waqas Raza

...ativo had given the most significant results in all studied traits as compared to all other treatments at the concentration of 6mM. The results showed that Nativo exhibited the maximum germination % (71.47), seedling length (23.67, 35.00 and 47.33 cm), number of leaves/plant (6.33, 7.67 and 11.33), minimum disease incidence (12.33, 11.12 and 10.13 %), minimum disease severity (26.80, 24.67 and 11.37 %) and maximum plant survival (89.62, 94.35 and 98.37%) at 15...

Maqsood Ahmad1, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha2*, Faqir Hussain Anjum3, Sadia Afzal4, Muhammad Faran1, Fiaz Hussain3, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Abdul Jabbar5, Muhammad Sultan Ali Bazmi5, Mahnoor Mehmood6 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

...nt agronomic factor that significantly affects plant growth, development and final production. Similarly, suitable cultivar also plays an appreciable role in final productivity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of variable sowing dates and cultivars on the growth and productivity of mungbean. The study was conducted in RCBD with a split arrangement having three replications at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture...
Bin Liu1,2, Libo Wang2, Dandan Xue2, Peng Xu1, Yuting An2 and Changhu Lu1*
... adult males were caught significantly earlier than females in both seasons (Mann-Whitney U test, spring, P = 0.012; autumn, P=0.019), but the migration timing of immature birds was much the same as adults of the same sex in both seasons (Mann-Whitney U test, spring, P=0.571; autumn, P=0.236). Body size and sex were found to affect body mass significantly (ANCOVA, wing length P
Amreen Zahra1, Mushtaq A. Saleem1*, Hasnain Javed2, Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Naveed1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4
...age sites. These results significantly highlight the fact that the identified SNPs possibly contribute towards a positive selection pressure contributing to the identification of novel mutations like S61A, S61M and M90L at Gag-Pol cleavage sites harboring dominant drug resistance mutations. 3D structure validation demonstrated 87.3% in Gag and 92.5% in Pol in the most favored regions. Dolutegravir, a protease inhibitor, was used for molecular docking to reveal...
Sajid Ali1, Muhammad Avais1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Kamran Ashraf2, Saira Jabeen1, Sajid Hameed3, Muhammad Awais1, Jawaria Ali Khan1 and Imtiaz Ahmad4 
...evalence of lameness was significantly higher (P<0.05) in cows with a low body condition score (≤2.75) than in cows with a higher body condition score. In addition, cows fed commercial concentrate were 1.6 times more likely to be lame than cows fed TMR. Cows on farms with an annual hoof trimming frequency had 1.7 times higher odds to be lame than cows with twice-a-year hoof trimming. Similarly, cows in environmentally controlled sheds had a 2.6 ti...
Guangyu Wang, Xu Tian, Lintao Liu, Junyang Liu, Bo Zhang and Jingming Dong*
...at the study group had a significant advantage over the reference group after treatment, p<0.05. Comparison of synovial fluid inflammatory factors before and after treatment between the two groups indicated more obvious improvement in the study group than in the reference group, p<0.05. Comparison of overall treatment efficiency of the two groups showed significantly higher efficiency in the study group than in the ref...

Rahat Rukhsana1, Shahnaz Rashid2, Asma Fatima2, Owais Iqbal Khan3, Syed Babar Hussain Shah4, Mumtaz Ali4 and Ghulam Abbas2*

Mian Muhammad Arif* and Malik Muhammad Shafi

...and flushing cost have a significant effect on the revenue of broiler poultry production while all other variables i.e. medicare, and miscellaneous cost turned out to be insignificant. The ANOVA results showed a statistically significant difference between the costs, revenue and profit of various sizes of broiler poultry farms at 5% level of significance. It is recommended that farmers sho...

Fazal Subhan1,2, Abdul Malik1, Zia Ul Haq1 and Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,3*

...10). The study indicated significant differences in yield and WUE. The highest yield 36.12 tons/ha was observed under CFI with 100% water application. Among the three furrow irrigation systems, AFI gave the highest WUE, while minimum WUE was associated with CFI. It can be concluded from this research study that AFI with full irrigation is the best method as compared to other furrow irrigation techniques to enhance WUE and to save water without a

Wajid Habib1, Saira Rasul2* and Hafiza Sadaf Zahra3

...olatility of wheat price significantly affects the price series of the rice. On the other hand, poultry prices do not affect the mean prices of beef as well as other products. It has been noted that prices significantly impact the current prices of most of the commodities, excluding oil as well as cotton. For future, it is recommended to motivate that hedging instruments to be used for the reduction of price volatility by th...

Rabia Iqbal and Muhammad Naeem *

...A analysis showed highly significant (P<0.001) difference in the final weight, final length and production among three treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3), while no difference (P>0.05) was observed in SGR, FCR and PER values of the three treatment groups. Hence, a protein diet containing 25% dietary protein is not only cost-efficient, economical but also nutritional and wholesome for a fish’s health condition.

...

Sajid Ali, Shahen Shah* and Muhammad Arif

...application at 3 kg ha-1 significantly improved the flag leaf area (36.9 cm2) and leaf area tiller-1 (97.2 cm2). While more spike m-2 (248), maximum grains spike-1 (47.2), spike length (13.1 cm), and thousand grains weight (42.9 g) were observed with foliar application of 2 kg ha-1 Zn. Significantly maximum leaf area tiller-1 (96.4 m2), flag leaf area (36.2 cm2), spike m-2 (253), grains spike-1 (46.9), spike length (12.9 cm)...

Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Imran Khatri1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Arfan Ahmed Gilal1

...different treatments can significantly reduce the infestation caused by melon fruit fly. Moreover, the researchers and government organizations should provide the biological agents and convince the farmers to use IPM methods for healthy vegetable with high yield.

...

Summara Abbasi* and Khalid Nawab

...as milk production has a significant contribution to sustainable rural livelihoods. For this purpose, the present research was conducted to determine the socio-economic factors that influence the rural milk producers in the adoption of dairy technology. A survey was carried out in district Muzaffarabad of Azad Jammu and Kashmir by selecting 8 villages purposively, based on the average number of livestock population i.e 2-3 heads per household, for dairy produc...

Mehnaz Safdar1, Urooba Pervaiz1* and Dawood Jan2

...square analysis showed a significant association for age and decision making which means with increasing age of the women, their involvement in decision making increases, majority of the rural women were either not taking interest or not given the opportunity of decision making process of farming and family matters. Rural women have less access to farm inputs and less income generating opportunities. It is concluded that non-availability of timely technical kn...

Muhammad Qaddafi Khan Wali, Arif Alam* and Ikram Shah

... the mountain areas. The significant but negative association of low income, low land holding, high population, remoteness, and firing online of control could lead to food insecurity. Also, there was a positive and significant association between food security and household income. An increase in income resulted in improved food security as this justifies the need to focus on educating people on food security, community-base...

Aly Khan1*, Shagufta Ambreen Sheikh2, Khalil Ahmed Khanzada1, Syed Shahid Shaukat3 and Javaid Akhtar1

... brinjal was found to be significantly elevated (p<0.05).

...

Amar Iqbal Saqib, Khalil Ahmed*, Muhammad Khalid Bhatti, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz, Muhammad Ashfaq Anjum, Abdul Rasul Naseem, Aftab Ahmad Sheikh and Belqees Akhter

...ice and wheat crops were significantly reduced by continuous use of brackish water (T2) and maximum pHs, ECe and SAR were noted in this treatment in both textured soils. Different management practices (use of gypsum and blending) also mitigated the ill effects of saline-sodic water. Therefore, it was concluded that when fresh-water resources are finite and use of saline-sodic water is inevitable, cyclic use of canal and saline-sodic water is a wise and profita...

Ayaz Ahmed* and Muhammad Zulfiqar

... Management approach had significantly increased the social and natural assets of the participants. In terms of financial asset, odds ratio in favor of ‘NTFPs income’ and ‘employment opportunities’ for JFM sample households were 2.289, 2.501 times respectively more than non-JFM sample households. Trainings imparted by forest department significantly improved the skills, knowledge and leadership abilit...

Arshad Khan1, Mohammad Ihsan1, Mohammad Nisar1, Ali Hazrat1*, Murad Ali3, Rashid Ul-Haq3, Khalid Khan2, Karishma Gul1 and Shah Faisal1 

...ey landraces; to explore significant variation which can be used in breeding programs. For this purpose, 40 barley landraces were collected from Dir Lower and Swat, districts of KP, Pakistan. A total of 18 traits were recorded, 10 qualitative characters including spike density, awn barbs, glume awn, lemma type and awn color, length of the rechilla hairs, lemma color, auricle pigmentation, photoperiod sensitivity and stem pigmentation. Variation was observed in...

Shaista Shafi* and Amjad Farooq

...he ANOVA revealed highly significant effects of drill dates and species on Brevicoryne brassicae populations, while brassica species × sowing date interaction was also highly significant. Early sown crops bore fewer aphid populations in contrast to mid and late sown crops. Therefore, it may be concluded that mid-October can be recommended for the farming of brassica crops.

...

Tahseen Ullah* and Noorul Amin

...d IBA concentration have significantly affected (at P≤0.05) the sprouting %, survival %, sprout weight, dry leaves weight, leaf area, root diameter, chlorophyll content, sprout diameter, fresh root weight, number of branches, shoot length and root length while the days to bud sprouting, fresh leaves weight and number of roots have non-significantly affected by IBA concentration and types of stem cutting. The results had s...

Saddar Faheem1,2, Hameeda Kalhoro1, Naeem Tariq Narejo1*, Muhammad Hanif Chandio3, Memon Samina4, Shahnaz Rashid5 and Ghulam Abbas5*

...0 ml) concentration were significantly higher in male fish during summer and winter than that of female. In female fish, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in summer and winter season was found higher (7.3 mm/h to 2.56 mm/h). Thrombocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophil and monocytes did not show any significant difference in their counts of male and female fish during summer and winter season. Important serum consti...
Shafaq Fatima1,*, Farkhanda Manzoor1, Humaira Amman1, Zakia Kanwal1, Asma Latif1, Zeeshan Ali2, Hamid Iqbal Gondal2, Sumera Sajjad1 and Raja Shahnawaz Janjua3
...ased commercial diet. No significant effect of diet A and C was observed on fish growth and profile of n-3 and n-6 PUFA in total liver lipids. However, the treatment group fed with diet B showed a significant increase in K (1.75 ± 0.14 %), FCR (0.97) and HSI (0.62 ± 0.1%) as compared to those in the control group. A high profile of DHA (C22:6) was observed in total liver lipids of fish in all three t...
Majed Rafeeq1,*, Nadeem Rashid1, Muhammad Masood Tariq1, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh1, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1, Muhammad Shafee1, Khalid Mehmood1, Rana Muhammad Bilal2 and Tauseef Asmat1
...ere measured. There were significant improvements in weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily gain (ADG) in the treatment groups supplemented with extract (P<0.05) compared to control. Similarly, intestinal histo-morphic parameters and ileal bacterial count were significantly different between treatments (P<0.05), but no significant effect (P>0.05) was found...
Asif Sadam*, Rahmat Ullah Khan and Sajid Mahmood
...s. Urban exploiters were significantly (P<0.05) more gregarious than adopters and avoiders. Significant (P<0.05) differences were recorded in feeding behavior, such that, with increasing urbanization the proportion of omnivorous and granivorous species increased while the proportion of species feeding on invertebrates declined. It is concluded that exploitation of urban areas by some species depends on th...
Ghulam Raza1*, Maqsood Anawar2, Muhammad Akbar1, Muhammad Ali1, Alamdar Hussain1, Azhar Hussain3 and Tanveer Hussain4
...rakorum mountain plays a significant role in the economy of the region as dozens of trophy hunting of this specie takes place in the region every year and generates handsome money to the local inhabitants of the mountainous community. The characteristic habitat analysis and preference was important as the ibex move downwards during winter to cope the fodder shortage after heavy snowfall. This may expose the ibex to potential threats of predation by predators, ...
Hesham M. Abd El Halim1, Maysa M. Hegazy1,2, Aishah Alatawi3, Imtiaz Ali Khan4 and Munawar Saleem Ahmad5*
...ely. Both plant extracts significantly reduced the gene expression levels of chitinase genes and SFbtl (p<0.05) following 72h of exposure to LC50. This work provides evidence of a viable use of these botanical extracts for pest control as well as highlight the mode of action during the process of chitin formation, degradation and cell proliferation.
...
Nilgun Dogan1,* and Hakan Adanacioglu2
...S analysis showed that a significant part of the beekeeping farms would approach full effectiveness with a potential improvement of at least 10% both in gross production value, number of hives and variable costs. Improvement suggestions for outputs and inputs are directed towards reduction of all variables except gross production value.
...
Rahma Mohamed, Sara Nader, Dalia Hamza and Maha A. Sabry*
...t show any statistically significant differences. Molecular serotyping of 6 identified Cryptococcus spp. evidenced C. gattii in the nasal passages of 4 healthy donkeys (7.7%); while the other 2 C. neoformans serotype A (3.8%) isolates identified in healthy and diseased donkeys. Four C. gattii and C. neoformans isolates demonstrated higher laccase (LAC1) genes among the identified virulence factors. While capsular assoc...
Arshad Ali1, Muhammad Nasir Khan Khattak2*, Muhammad Ali Nawaz3 and Shoaib Hameed3
...humans and contribute to significant economic losses. The present study was conducted in Kalam Valley, District Swat, Pakistan to estimate the occurrence of brown bear and conflicts with humans. Data about the presence-absence and depredation in five years (2009-2013) were collected from 86 households in the area. Total losses in Kalam Valley during the five year period were 72 animals. The brown bear predation was estimated as 29% of total predation in the ar...

Huma Qamar1, Mariam Hassan1, Muhammad Zubair1*, Adnan Arshad2, Muhammad Qusain Saeed3, Muhammad Umar3, Sundas Shahzad1, Tariq Mahmood1 and Muhammad Aftab1

... the edible oil owing to significant rise in demand. Main aim of the study was to analyze the 18 genotypes of Brassica juncea L. for correlation and their path co-efficient analysis. Mean square for five traits was constructed which was highly significant except plant height. Correlation in plant’s height and branches, days required for flowering and days required for maturity was positive at genotypic as well as pheno...

Muhammad Usman Aslam1, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Rizwan Maqbool1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha2*, Fiaz Hussan3, Muhammad Nawaz4, Muhammad Shakeel Hanif5, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub6, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Mina Khan7 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

...n of sorghum straw mulch significantly reduced weed biomass compared to other mulch. Moreover, sorghum straw mulch also resulted in maximum leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), productive tillers (323.11), spikelet/spike (15.88), grains/spike (44.55), 1000-grain weight (42.13g), grain yield (5.13 t ha-1) and biological yield (14.59 t ha-1) and minimum, LAI, CGR and tillers (291.55), spikelet/spike (12.55), grains/spike (36.11), 1000-grain weight (35....

Mohammed Bashar Danlami1*, Basiru Aliyu1, Abbas Bazata Yusuf1, Bashar Gulumbe Haruna1 and Asmau Nono Mahe1

...st is known and prone to significant error rate. This study examines the prevalence of abnormal and unsatisfactory Pap smear among women attending Federal Medical Center Birnin Kebbi. The study was a retrospective review of all Conventional Papanicolaou smear registry data of women who underwent a cytological examination at the cytology unit of the FMC Birnin Kebbi spanning a period of 10 years (2009-2019). The study used a hospital-based archive that covers t...

Sehrish Khudadad1, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Ahmed Zia3, Mian Sayed Khan4, Gulnaz Parveen5, Muhammad Kamal Sheikh6*, Falak Naz7, Muhammad Qasim8 and Syed Waqar Shah9

...Ants are one of the most significant groups of insects for the ecology of many ecosystems. They act as soil turners, environmental indicators, pollinators, seed dispersal/ orchid seed removal agent and scavengers. Ants can be both prey and predators for the crops and various insects. They also spread human diseases. Ant fauna is poorly known in Pakistan. As Pakistan occupies an important biogeographic position and the taxonomic studies on ants of Pakistan are ...

Shahzad Khan1*, Munir Khan1, Arif Alam2, Ikram Shah2, Mahfooz Khan1 and Fida Muhammad Khan1

...weed inputs positive and significant, with coefficients 0.1693, 0.1646, 0.4894, 0.0285, respectively. In contrast, labour and animal costs were noted negatively. For the larger benefit of the farmers’ and the growth of the agriculture sector, the study recommends a reduction in the prices of fertilizers and suggested to the Government to develop high yielding certified seed and provision of certified/tested seed to the growers.

...
Samina Tahir Kiani1, Abdul Rauf1, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,*, Nuzhat Shafi1, Madiha Khalid2, Naeem Latif1, Samina Gul2, Saghir Yousaf3 and Muhammad Arshad4
...ion (p=0.0001) was found significant risk factor regarding spread of hepatitis B and C in the studied population.

 

...

Muhammad Akhtar1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2*, Kaiser Latif Cheema1, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid1, Amir Amin1, Javed Anwar Shah1, Zeeshan Qadeer1 and Zeshan Ali3

... various traits revealed significant differences among all the included chickpea advance lines. Drought indices i.e. drought tolerance efficiency (DTE), drought susceptibility (DSI) and yield reduction percentage were calculated to identify the drought tolerant chickpea lines. Correlation analysis showed that the strains possessing higher number of pods plant-1, more root length and maximum grain weight were comparatively least susceptible to moisture stress a...
Asmaa A.M. Abd El-Ghani *; Ahmed B.M.; Abdel-Raouf A. ; Nagwa S. Ata* and H.A. Hussein
...he plan extract showed a significant antiviral effect against BHV-1 at
simultaneous treatment experiment. The virus titeration assay showed a marked decrease
from 105 TCID50/ml to 103 TCID50/ml in adsorption step simultaneouslly incubated
with Salvadora persica extract . In contrast, the plan extract didn’t show any activity
against BHV-1 neither in pre- nor post- treatment experiments. Indeed, the present ...
Mandour, A. M. 1, Abdel Maksoud, H. M. 2, Amal, A. Khalil 3 and Mohga, A. El-Tahlawey 4
.../div>
economically significant virus infecting maize crop in Egypt. The percentage
of infection differs from one location to another. MDMV was isolated from
naturally infected maize plants at El-Monfia. These samples were checked
for virus presence using Indirect ELISA. A number of cultural practices were
evaluated as control measures against MDMV to minimize the virus
infection in maize crop.

Mai A. Kilany1; Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1; Yousry E. Abo El-magd2 and Nermin Raafat2.

...ozygous Ala/Ala (CC) was significantly more frequent in HCV-related HCC patients com-pared to HCV-infected patients and control group (67.5%, 12%, and 15% respective-ly, p ˂ 0.05). Moreover, the C allele was more often associated with HCV-related HCC patients compared to HCV-infected patients and control group (50%, 10%, and 15% respectively, p ˂ 0.05). MnSOD activity was significantly higher in HCV-related HCC patients an...
RehamM. El-Bakrey1, Shimaa M.G. Mansour2, Mohammed A. El Sisi1 AndAmal A.M. Eid1
...vaccine then Re-5) being significantly lower prior to challenge, it provided good protection (73.3%) against the lethal A/chicken/Egypt/SHAH-1403/2011 (H5N1) AIV challenge, with no evidence of virus shedding. Keeping in mind that each bird was potentially challenged with 105 EID50, which may not be available to all birds under field condition. The foremost vaccine regimen can provide a safe, effective and considerable tool for the control of HPAIV in commercia...

Walaa Abd El-Fatah S. Metwally1, Ismail M. Reda2, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2, Mohamed Abd El-Khalek Ali2

...ing 350 HAU/dose induced significant high lymphocyte cells followed by 256 HAU/dose followed by 100 HAU/dose. The challenge test revealed that the prepared vaccine in the ratio of 30% Chicken strain of AI plus 70% Duck strain of AI containing 350, 256 and 100 HA unit/dose showed protection reached to 85%, 80% and 30% respectively. In conclusion, the study highlight the add value of using different HA units/dose of AI and different ratios of the two strains (ch...

Samah A. Mokbel1, Ashraf A. Abd El-Mohsen2

... their interaction had insignificant (P>0.05) effects on minituber number and minituber weight. However, ratio of bed components and interaction with cultivars were significantly (P<0.05) affected on minituber diameter. Maximum minituber diameter (13.64 mm) was recorded for Lady Rosette cultivar treated with Vermiculite + Sand (4:1), followed by Spunta cultivar (13.53 mm) applied with Vermiculite + Sand (4:1). Pots rec...
Amro A. Farrag1; Ahmed K. El-Attar1; Om-Hashem M. El-Banna2; Ibrahim A. I.2; H. M. Mazyad 1 
...wth stage. A
significant difference in the percentage of yield loss in inoculated plants at age 15d and
25d from planting compared with control was recorded. On the other hand percentage of
yield loss in plants inoculated at 35d stage was non-significant. The coat protein gene of
SLCV was PCR amplified from infected common bean plants. SLCV-CP was cloned in
pJET clo...
Aly M. Abdel-Salam1, Rehab A. Dawoud2, Amira M.E.Aly2, and Salama M. El-Saghir2
...cultures (TC) showed the significant role of TC in spreading out
of BSV. PCR amplicons for the reverse transcriptase and RNaseH motifs of ORF III
for four BSV isolates were cloned, sequenced and submitted to GenBank. The four
accessions showed nucleotide-pairwise identity between 76-82% and amino acid
similarity between 29-63% indicating high diversity. In addition, the four BSV
isolates showed nucleo...

AdlyAbd-Alla1,2, MahaNada3, Francois Cousserans1, and Max Bergoin1

...ridulacolony in Egypt, a significant reduction in the insect
productivity and high mortality rate were observed. Electron microscopy examination of dead
insects homogenate revealed the presence of paraspherical virus like-particles with diameter
of 25 nm. Virus purification on cesium chloride gradient showed one band at a buoyant
density of 1.362. Extraction of nucleic acid from purified virus particles revealed ...

Arshad Abdulkhalq Yaseen1,2* and Mária Takácsné Hájos1

...ght and root weight) was significantly improved by the use of 6% MLE, where their combination of MLE and plant variety has also improved some of the vegetation quality parameters. However, significantly the morphological quality parameters were least influenced by the plant variety alone. On the other hand, MLE did not significantly impact the bioactive compounds as total polyphenols and v...

Sadiq Haladu1*, Taiwo Oladoye Akande2 and Mudassir Nasir3

... diet 4 (78.76 mg/dl) is significantly low in HDL compared to other dietary treatments. Egg total cholesterol showed significant reduction in diet 5 (254.65 mg/dl) observed when compared to the control diet (314.56 mg/dl). The result of serum analysis also showed significant difference in all the tested parameters. It was concluded that supplementation of layer diets with 2% fluted pumpkin...

Badr, A. B. 1, Abou-zeid, A. A2. and Al-Naggar, A. M1.

...ydrate contents were non-significantly reduced as comparing to the healthy ones. As well as morphological characters i.e. size and tuber weight per plant were significantly reduced, however, its number was significantly increased as comparing to the healthy plant.

...
Eman A. Ahmed1, Osama Y. shalaby2, Emad F. Dwidar2, Samah A. Mokbel1 and Ahmed K. El-Attar1
...s by 212.5% or 275%, and significant malformation in leaflet midvein was observed which consequently led to increase in both length and width of midvein by 15.19% and 5%. Electron microscopy was used to recognize the internal changes in cell organelles due to phytoplasma infection. The results obtained showed that, general disorganization of phloem tissue and thickness of cell wall resulted from high concentration of phytoplasma units; necrosis starts in compa...

Asfand Raheel1, Syed Zulfiqar Ali2, Muhammad Waris2, Muhammad Basharat2, Basheer Ahmed2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder4 and Taqi Raza4*

Nashwa M. Helmy1, Ahmed S. Ahmed2, and Zeinab3 Y. Mohamed

...ological revealed highly significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, urea and uric acid, while the level of total protein, albumin and calcium showed significant decrease and non-significant reaction in creatinine and non-organic phosphorus in infected cattle. The results of antioxidant both malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase enzyme (CAT) showed significant<...

Ola Youssef 1; EL-Deeb A.H.2 Nassif S.A.1 and Ahmed A. El-Sanousi 2.

...LISA was
not significant for H5 gene detection and titration using polyclonal H5 serum. The HVT titer in CEF
was 3045, 3200, 3400, 3750 & 4000 PFU/dose for batch A, B, C, D, and E respectively. The selected
batches safety was satisfactory by 10 fold field doses injection in SPF chicks. The challenge test results
revealed 80% protection for A, B and C batches while D and E batches gave 90% protection. The
Ashraf S. Khameis, lamya F. Atteya, Ayman H. Mansour, Heba A. Abdelhady, Ashraf A.
Saad
... affect sheep and causes significant economic losses in El Menofiya Governorate.
Objectives: The present study was applied for isolation and molecular identification of Sheep pox
virus from clinically affected sheep in El Menofiya governorate, Egypt during 2016. Additionally, the
isolated agent was identified using electron microscopy (EM).
Methods: Thirty five skin lesions of nodular and crusted scab samples wer...

Abdou Nagy1, Fatma Abdallah1, Kareem Sweed2, Ahmed Salama3, Mohamed Omar4

...hand, the results showed significant difference in the net
profits as a measure of economic impact between infected and non-infected flocks in different
provinces.
Conclusion: The results denote that chicken and duck flocks in Egypt were exposed to field strains of
aMPV. For our knowledge, aMPV antibodies are detecting in Pekin and Muscovy duck flocks for first
time in Egypt.
...
Maha M. Khedr1, Reem A. Suliman1, Marwa F. Mohamed1, Mounir D. El Safty1, Hussein A.
Hussein2
... as one of the causes of significant
numbers of natural infections and disease, mainly infecting the upper respiratory tract, in humans,
domestic pigs, horses, and numerous bird species. Maternal derived antibodies could interfere with the
efficacy of vaccination against avian influenza in early age in chicks.
Methods: Eight groups of one-day old commercial broiler chicks were kept in isolators along the whole
Hussein A. Hussein, Maha Khedr, Reem A. Suliman, Marwa F. Mohamed, Mounir D. El
Safty
...sults of HI demonstrated significant difference between groups in relation to age of vaccination,
where the groups vaccinated at 10 days of age were significantly higher compared to others with maximum
titers at 4 weeks post vaccination. The protection % post challenge revealed 0, 20, 86 % and 0, 20 and 86 %
in groups 1, 2, 3 and groups 4, 5, and 6; respectively. Results of rRT-PCR and vir...
Asma Kaouachi1, Mohcen Menaa1*, Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah2 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi1
...pulations have increased significantly in Algeria. In order to better comprehend the ecology and vital needs of the wood pigeon and to help with our results in the process of conservation management of wood pigeon, a study of the diet of this pigeon was undertaken from October 2015 to April 2017 within the Souk Ahras region, in North-eastern Algeria. This work was carried out by using a combination of digestive-contents analysis (86 contents) and field observa...
Zain-Ul-Aabdin Abro1*,Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2 and Niaz Hussain Khuhro2
... of fruit flies showed a significant correlation with temperature and slight negative relativity with humidity. The result suggests that high temperature enhances the fruit flies activity in connection with the availability of fruiting parts. The present investigations would be helpful to attain effective integrated pest management campaign in guava orchards.
...
Syed Maaz Nadeem1,*, Muti ur Rehman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh2, Arfan Ahmad2, Syed Nadeem Mansoor3 and Muhammad Anees4
...oscope. Results showed a significant difference between the cellularity of normal and CAV-infected birds. While comparing healthy and infected chicken bone marrow, we observed a decreased mean erythroid cell percentage (39.95 versus 17.95%), myeloid cell percentage (57.29 versus 21.98%) and the mean M/E ratio (1.43 versus 1.22), respectively. Bone marrow smears were normocellular among healthy birds while, in diseased chicken, severe aplasia was noted. The bon...
Abeera Razzaq1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3 and Qingyou Liu3
...NA has become a topic of significant interest for environmental toxicology studies. Thepresent research was conducted to assess the genotoxic potential of cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) mixture to fish Labeo rohita by using micronuclei assay. Fish were exposed to the four sub-lethal doses (26.61, 13.30, 19.98 and 7.98 mgL-1) of Cr+Cr mixture for 28 days and blood was sampled after 7 days interval. A group (n=10) of fish were also kept in clean...
Nagwa K. Meselhy1, Mohamed A. Abo El-khair1, Basem M. Ahmed2, Sherif A. El-Soally3,
Abdelhamid M. Fares1, Mohamed A. Nayel1 and Hussein A. Hussein2
...es virus 1 (EHV-1) has a significant economic impact on equine industry. It
is a highly contagious pathogen, mainly transmitted by inhalation of aerosols of virus laden respiratory
secretions especially with high population during equestrian events. Reactivation of virus in nonsymptomatic,
latently (silently) infected horses is the main cause of circulation of such virus in horses.
Methods: In the present study, ...

Mohsen M. Elsharkawy1, Salem H. Homayed1, Mohamed M. Elsawy2 and Amr A. Khedr1

...ty and titer of CMV were significantly reduced in GF19-1 treated plants in
comparison with the control. Quantitative real-time PCR results exhibited increased transcription
levels of pathogenesis related genes, chitinase, PAL1 and LOX1.
Conclusion: In cucumber, treatments with artificially generated wind and root colonizing F. equiseti
GF19-1 or its CF elicited induced resistance against CMV infection, leading to...
Samira M. Bolis1, Magda Mahmoud2, Salah E. Gumma3, Naser E. Bilal1 and
Isam ElKhidir4
... than males. There was a significant difference between the PCR/Pap.
findings.
Conclusion: The most frequent genotypes which were detected were HPV 32 followed by HPV 16.
HPV genotypes 31, 33, 35, 52, 58 and 66 were detected in this study although they were not mentioned
in the studies conducted in FEH. Pap. Stain's and PCR sensitivity was 80.5% while the specificity was
40%.
...

Mohsen M. Elsharkawy1, Sara E. Hanbal2, Samir A. Sidaros1, Mohamed M. Elsawy2, Ali H. Hamed2

...-time PCR results showed significant increased expressions of pathogenesis related genes PR1 and PR2 relative to the control plants.
Conclusion: PGPF isolates of GP17-2, GF19-1 and SKT1 elicited induced resistance against BYMV infection and could be used as a promising strategy to control BYMV.
...

Shimaa A. Khalaf1 , Mohsen M. Elsharkawy2, Samir A. Sidaros2, Shawky A. El Kewey2, Ayman F. Omar2, Ali Hamed1

... severity and titer were significantly reduced in treated plants in comparison with the control. All growth characters and yield of cucumber plants were increased in GU23-3 treated plants than the control. RT-PCR analysis revealed increased expressions of different pathogenesis related genes (Chitinase, β 1-3 Glucanase, PR1, POX, PAL and LOX) explaining the role of these genes in the mechanism of induced resistance against PRSV by GU23-3.
Conc...

Wesley D. Nafarnda, Japhet H. Baraya, Olatunde H. Olabode, Malang K. Simon

...booster vaccination with significant (P<0.05) antibody titer increase from 1:16 - 1:1024 and mean
GMT 2.87 - 5.09 amongst 61.5 - 87.0% tested chickens. Questionnaire further showed V4
thermostable ND vaccination had significant effect on morbidity, mortality, hatchability, culling and
ultimately the flock productivity.
Conclusion: Corn-bran feed based vaccination demonstrate...

Mohamed M. Mashaly1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahein1, Hussein A. Hussein2

...hr for Vero culture. The significant difference in growth behavior could be found between its growth
on MDBK and Vero cells that it reaches its highest peak at 48hr for MDBK and 72hr for Vero cells.
The maximum destruction in cell monolayers was observed within 72hr to 96hr post-infection. With an
optimal condition for both cultures, the LSDV titers were 5.2 in MDBK after 48hr and 5.67 in Vero
after 72hr. This ri...
Karim M. Selim1, Abdullah A. Selim1, abdelsattar Arafa1, Hussein A. Hussein2, Ahmed A. El-Sanousi2
... group with genotype VII significantly reduced the virus
shedding at 3, 5, 7 and 10 days post challenge unlike the genotype II vaccinated group that
did not reduce virus shedding and increased morbidity and mortality in contact birds.
Conclusion: The combined inactivated and live NDV vaccination programs have the
potency to prevent mortalities of virulent genotype VII challenge virus. The vaccination
...

Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1*, Samra Ammara1, Muhammad Sikander Hayyat1, Shahbaz Hussain2, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid1, Abdul Rehman1 and Amjed Ali1

...ithout adjuvant attained significantly the lowest R. capitata dry weight and highest seed yield of green gram. However, these treatments remained statistically at par with lactofen 80% and lactofen 60% doses with adjuvant regarding these parameters. Keeping in view the R. capitata weed control efficiency along with green gram yield enhancement, it was concluded that lactofen dose can be reduced up to 20-40% by the addition of adjuvant (alkyl ether sulfate) for...

Moazama Batool1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Huma Naz3, Mubashar Hussain4, Sadia Maalik1, Sajida Mushtaq1, Tanveer Ahmed5 and Laiba Shafique6

...treatments statistically significantly, variable responses viz. wet weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were determined. The control fish (unstressed) had significantly higher WG followed by Cr and Cd test mediums. The FI by C. marulius was significantly higher as 12.83±0.07 g in Cr followed by Cd (12.14±0.05 g) and c...

Md. Abdullah Al Mamun1,2*, Shamima Nasren1,3, Sanjay Singh Rathore1 and Kavalagiriyanahalli Srinivasiah Ramesh1

... and IV) Mechanical. The significant lower (P<0.05) parasitic burden were found in mechanical treatment followed by salt, formalin and potassium permanganate. Clinical signs like excessive mucus production, fin erosion, pale gills, and slight hemorrhage were observed in the affected area of skin and operculum. Among the internal organs, liver lost its original reddish-brown and turned to yellowish-brown, intestinal duct remained empty and swelled. Severe in...

Aliya Munir1, Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Tanveer Ahmed3 and Zahid Farooq2

...at the exposure of DM+ES significantly accelerated the POx level in gills, liver and kidney of fish in a time dependent manner.  

...

Nadeem Anwar1, Muhammad Luqman2*, Shaoib Nasir3, Moazzam Sabir1, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad4 and Saleem Ashraf5

...havior of the farmers is significantly affected by the area under citrus cultivation. The results also indicated that product marketing and harvesting behavior of citrus growers is positively associated with a unit increase in area under citrus cultivation. The analysis of Socio-economic characteristics of farmers sums up that the area under citrus cultivation is the most influencing characteristic that changes the marketing behavior of the farmers. Whereas th...

Zainab Iftikhar, Muhammad Arif, Iqbal Munir and Sajid Ali

...s tested during 2017-18, significant variability (P<0.01) was observed for days to jointing and booting, the parameters related to crop duration. The overall impact was negative on the crop duration, resulting in selection of earlier lines. Although selection increased the mean value, the variability decreased for most of the parameters. Variability in Chinese hybrids reflects on the potential of selection for candidate hybrids to be released in Pakistan af...

Bakhtiar Gul*, Saleetha Rabial and Haroon Khan

...ed that herbicides had a significant effect on duckweed fresh biomass, budding % and water surface coverage. Minimum fresh biomass (2.98 g pot-1), budding (24 %) and water surface coverage (14.67 %) were recorded for glyphosate as compared to weedy check (4.45 g pot-1, 58.7 % and 22.67 %, respectively). Moreover, highest plant mortality (24.33 %) after four weeks was noted in glyphosate. Glyphosate effectively controlled the duckweed, followed by MCPA as compa...

Muhammad Nasir1, Muhammad Usman Asif2*, Abdul Hayee Abid1, Qurat ul Ain Haneef1 and Muhammad Awais2

...l the three years, had a significant impact on the insect pest abundance. The maximum percentage of whitefly hot spots ranged in line from 8.36-24.14% during three years study period followed by mealybug (6.71-11.79%), jassid (4.56-7.22%), thrips (1.36-6.22%), pink bollworm (0.99-5.42%) and armyworm (2.77-4.23%). The population of dusky cotton bug, spotted bollworm and American bollworm were negligible with 1.22% hot spots of dusky cotton bug and 0.02% of spot...

Ayesha Manzoor1, Muhammad Saqib Naveed1, Sayed Rashad Ali1, Danish Ibrar2, Sairah Syed1, Sharmin Ashraf1 and Rafiq Ahmed1*

...ng produced that cause a significant loss in yield due to lack of standardization of seed production technology.Therefore, to improve seed yield and quality, present research was conducted toevaluate the effect of steckling size on plant growth and seed yield of radish.Steckling of different lengths (5cm, 10cm, 15cm) and width (4.9cm, 6.3cm, 8cm) along with random size steckling and control treatment (full size steckling) were planted and evaluated for differe...

Ibadullah Jan1*, Iqbal Munir2, Inamullah Khan3, Syed Muhammad Suhail4 and Aqib Iqbal2

...vone. Dosiflavone showed significant (p<0.05) reduction of the ear edema at a high dose. However, at 20 mg/kg for 60 minutes, the impact was less important. In vivo anti-inflammatory testing revealed that Dosiflavone significantly (p<0.05) reduced the biphasic inflammatory events caused by carrageenan in a dose-dependent way, with the highest levels at 40 and 80 mg/kg. Dosiflavone showed excellent (p<0.05) analgesic...

Shakeel Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2*, Muhammad Amin3, Muhammad Sadiq Hashmi4, Nafees Ahmad5 and Rasheed Ahmad6

...–18.12%) decreased significantly due to over population pressure coupled by natural hazards, while savannas (40.63–49.25%), permanent wetlands (0.03–0.07%), and natural vegetation (3.13–14.96%), were increased significantly as a result of the different internations for the conservations in the area. As a result, the development of LULC maps will play a vital role in sustainable management of LULC in n...

Nusrat Habib

...rparts. Women contribute significantly to adaptation and resilience to climatic extremes. The drivers of their resilience are hard work and diversity of livelihood resources. In changing climate conditions, it is imperative to devise gender-sensitive and region-wise policies and planning.

...
Song Jiang1,2,3, Xianbin Mo1,2, Falin Zhou2,3, Jianhua Huang2,3, Qibin Yang2,3, Lishi Yang2,3 and Shigui Jiang2,3*
...ect of G×E was not significant. The results showed that although the growth and survival traits of P. monodon were different under different diets, the interaction effect between genotype and feed conditions was not significant. Therefore, it was not necessary to establish different breeding lines for different feed conditions in the range of 10% - 30% protein level of feed fish meal.
...

Syed Ismat Hussain1, Khalid Mehmood2, Mudassar Khaliq3, Habib Anwar1, Syed Muhammad Zaka4, Ateeq ur Rehman5*, Muhammad Shahid6, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi5*, Ummad ud Din Umar5 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar7

...days was observed highly significant i.e., P>0.0001. In the present study, the accumulation of degree days for its forecasting was calculated from 1st January by using the metrological data and base line temperature and found 7 generations of pink boll worm to be found in all districts. Data for moths trapped in sex pheromone traps was noted as highly significant i.e., P>0.0001. Peaks of moth catches in 14 districts we...

Muhammad Rafique1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2, Inam Ul Haq1*, Muhammad Ramzan Anser2, Humara Umar2 and Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah2

.... The results were found significant regarding the interaction between varieties and treatments; however, non-significant variation in varieties was found regarding the number of roots, days to root, and days to shift. The important observations regarding the results were found that minimum light intensity delayed the rooting percentage and increased the callus formation while higher light intensity increased mortality with ...

Ahmed Ali Moryani1, Nasir Rajput1*, Muhammad Naeem1, Atta Hussain Shah1 and Hidayatullah Soomro2

... percentage was observed significantly (P < 0.05) higher in compound II supplementary group F and lowest in control group A. Whereas, the fat pad percentage recorded significantly (P < 0.05) lowest in the compound II supplementary group F and highest in control group A. The relative weight of organs; liver, pancreas, spleen, heart, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, thymus and ceaca was observed signifi...

Hina Afzal*, Sarfraz Hassan, Muhammad Khalid Bashir and Asghar Ali 

...vel of education makes a significant contribution to TFP development. It is concluded that education funding be increased for the farmers to accelerate TFP growth in Pakistan.

...
Aamer Abbas1, Jabbar Khan1*, Mir Abid Hassan2, Asif Qayyum3 and Hamed Shafiq4
...ols. This study revealed significant concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu. Except Zn and Pb, the other 3 metals were found below the permissible limit set by WHO. Interestingly, the infertile males having maximum age limit of above 47 years and highest marriage ages during the present study showed comparatively higher concentrations of all the heavy metals. Zinc was found with highest means values while cadmium was recorded with lowest concentrations. On compa...
Guan-bao Ning1, Sheng Niu1, Yue-jian Li1,2, Xiao-xiao Lu1,3, Shi-xiong Yang1,  Ali-Raza Jahejo1, Ding Zhang1, Wei-fang Hao4, Wen-wei Gao1, Yu-jun Zhao1, Jian-hui Li1, Fang Yan1, Rong-kun Gao1, Yu-hai Bi1,5, Wen-xia Tian1* and Ling-xia Han6*
...me (Gallusgallus 5.0). A significant differential pattern of the immune response of chicken erythrocytes was identified by the GO and KEGG databases between the two phases of MDV infection. The results indicated that cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway were involved in...
Asma Chaudhary1, Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad1, Afia Muhammad Akram1, Mehwish Iqtedar2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3,*
...uillarum (C2) showed significant decrease in growth and biochemical constituents as compared to C1 and experimental groups. The incorporation of probiotic isolate enhanced total proteins, total lipids, DNA contents in G2, G3, average weight, weight gain in G1, G3 than both control groups and specific growth rate in G2. On the contrary carbohydrate contents were found to be decreased significantly in all experimental grou...

Dilan Ozmen Ozgun1, Gonca Alak2, Arzu Ucar2, Sinan Bilginer3, Halise Inci Gul3, Mahmut Kocaman2, Cem Yamalı3, Veysel Parlak2, Muhammed Atamanalp2, Ahmad Maslat4 and Telat Yanık2*

...y. Exposure to B4 caused significant changes in antioxidant enzymes of gill and liver of alevins (p<0,05). Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities were decreased, while MDA values increased significantly (p<0.05) in gill and liver of fish compared to control group. SOD activity was time dependent; it decreased initially, but then take increased. WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC levels increased...
Muhammad Noman Koondhar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1,*, Muhammad Ammar Khan2, Riaz Ahmed Leghari3 and Parkash Dewani4
...cal analysis exhibited a significantly higher (p< 0.05) prevalence rate in minced beef (28%) and lymph nodes (24%) as compared to the muscles (12%). The highest antimicrobial resistance was recorded against the antibiotics of penicillin group (88.5 to 93.7%), followed by the aminoglycosides (68.4 to 85.5%), tetracycline (73.9 to 78.6%), and quinolones (59.6 to 63.1%). While lowest resistance level was observed against the antibiotics of cephalosporin...
Wenjuan Yan1, Qunlan Zhou2, Bo Liu2,3*, Cunxin Sun2, Huimin Zhang3 and Changyou Song2
...d that I. cicadae significantly increased specific growth ratio (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), while decreased feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Meanwhile, I. cicadae significantly increased plasma ALT activity, urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin and globulin contents, while significantly decreased AST activity in 400 mg Kg-1 group. Ha...
Song Jiang1,2,3, Ming-ge Zhuang1,2,3, Fa-lin Zhou1,2, Qi-bin Yang1, Jian-hua Huang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1*
...schiliensis, with no significant difference from the groups fed on N. succinea combination bait. The dynamics of VTG mRNA level were observed in hepatopancreas and ovary of P. monodon with the trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing, which reflected reproductive performance of the parent shrimps and was suggested to be an indicator of reproductive performance for selective breeding. As a result, P. tschiliensis is a suitable su...

Haroon Ur Rashid1*, Nazia Tahir2, Muhammad Zamin3, Naveed Shehzad4, Aman Ullah2, Bibi Zainub5 and Farooq Azam6

...estation is considered a significant yield reducing factor in maize yield around the world as well as in the south Asia. Integrated weed management (IWM) is recommended to reduce our reliance on synthetic herbicides and sustainable maize production. In this study, different tillage regimes and various allelopathic treatments were integrated for weed management in spring planted maize at Agricultural Research Station, Swabi (KP), Pakistan during spring both yea...

Sana Javeid* and Khalid Nawab

...ies and trainings showed significant relationship with poverty. Hence, it is recommended that efforts are needed to regularize all extension activities for poverty reduction in the study area.

...
Nianhong Huang, Yan Wu, Yuanyuan Li* and Jinhong Zhao*
...t analyzed features were significantly different for both linear and area dimensions. The sequences of 18S rRNA gene of Hepatozoon sp. were amplified, cloned and demonstrated the homology and the variation. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene analyzed in the present study together with other published Hepatozoon species showed that there is no significant difference in the geographical distribution...
Nabila Kousar1, Tanzeela Riaz2, Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori3 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...ere found to be elevated significantly whereas the concentration of total proteins, glycogen, trehalose and total lipids was found to be decreased in both populations. Depletion of energy reserves is most probably the cause of mortality of the pest.
...
Atta Muhammad Memon1, Ubedullah Kaka2*, Muhammad Umer3, Asghar Ali Kamboh4, Atique Ahmed Behan5, Habibullah Janyaro6, Yong Meng Goh7, Amir Bukhsh Kalhoro6Jalila Abu8, Khaleeq ur Rehman Bhutto9 and Arsalan Maqbool10


...l temperatures decreased significantly after premedication as well as during anaesthesia in the MK group which served as the control. The MKA group significantly increased (P < 0.001) the pulse rate, respiratory rate and cloacal temperature compared to MK group that indicated a reversal effect of atipamezole. Atipamezole incorporated into medetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia produced quicker recovery (P < 0.01) in 44.17 &...
Pengfei Liu*, Xuexue Qin and Fei Shang
...ccess were not different significantly. Our study suggested that the space segregation of nesting site contribute to the extensive stable coexistence of these two species.
...
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
...rds/10 min) indicating a significant change in native avian composition. PCA analysis showed four clusters based on the nature of habitat and species behavior. Agriculture land was found to be the highest (H’= 3.394) and landfill the lowest (H’= 1.414) in biodiversity. However, landfill site registered the most number of birds (>9000). Among twenty species recorded at the landfill, four species viz., house crow, common myna, grey-throated...
Chao-Qun Shi1, Hong-Ying Lin1, Jin-Qing Zheng1, Fan Yang1, Kwame Ayisi Lartey1, Dan-Ju Kang1, Hwa-Chian Robert Wang2, Ravi Gooneratne3*and Jin-Jun Chen1*
... were also studied. TFCO significantly increased the IgA and IgG concentration (P<0.05), reversed the intestinal mucosal damage caused by E. coli, and increased the relative expression of TGF-β1 mRNA. Therefore, TFCO has potential to improve immune function against E. coli infection, restored the intestinal structure and cured the E. coli-induced diarrhoea in mice.
...
Zhengyi Fu1,2,3,4, Rui Yang2,3,4, Zhenhua Ma2,3,4*, Mingyang Han2,3,4 and Yifu Wang2,3,4
...ameters of fish were not significantly affected by the experimental diets (P > 0.05). Lipid group had higher whole body and muscle lipid, hepatosomatic index (HSI) and intraperitoneal fat ratio (IPF). The number of goblet cells and the height of the mucosa in the HL were significantly higher than those in the other two groups. The lipase activity of HL and HC was higher than that of control group in both stomach an...
Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska1, Iwona Szatkowska1, Daniel Zaborski2*, Wilhelm Grzesiak2, Sara Tabor-Osińska1, Małgorzata Wasielewska1Witold S. Proskura1, Wojciech Kruszyński3 and Edward Pawlina3
...spectively. For Jerseys, significant differences in milk yield, fat and protein percentage were found in the second lactation. In HO, significant differences in milk fat content and yield were observed in the third lactation. No significant differences were found for RW. The bioinformatic analysis allowed us to infer that transcription factors other than the ZFP217 protein bind to the site...
Sen Liu1,2, Yue Zhu2, Haixia Leng2, Ying Wang1, Xiangju Yin1 and Yajun Zhao1*
... each tissue. There were significant methylation differences among tissues in full-methylation (p < 0.001) and total methylation (p = 0.001). Moreover, various unique methylated loci (15–59) were also detected. Non-negligible level of hemi-methylation (31.4%) existed, indicating that CHG methylation may also play a potential role in tissue development and differentiation in R. ferrumequinum. BAT and B had different methylation pro...
Hui-Ming Li1, Bi-Ze Yang1, Xue-Jun Jin1,2, Lin-Miao Li1, Hai-Ying Jiang1
Xiu-Juan Zhang1 and Jin-Ping Chen1*
...golins and that it has a significant application in selective breeding in endangered and valuable mammalian species.
...
Aftab Raza Khan1, Azhar Abbas Khan2*, Javed Iqbal3, Arif Muhammad Khan4, Zeshan Hassan2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif2 and Umbreen Shahzad2
... its population has been significantly reduced in the desert ecosystem of Bhakkar (Punjab) Pakistan. The study was conducted to study the population ecology and breeding biology in relation to feeding habits of grey francolin in 16 different stands in Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. The line transect data suggested grey francolin presence in 15 out of 16 stands (93.75%). An average density of grey francolins 13.01±6.39/km2 varying between 0.30&plu...
Wanqiu Zhao1,2, Taoyan Yuan1, Li Chen2, Xue Du2, Weihu Chen4, Yan Fu1, Dong Niu3,* and Lizhi Lu2,*
...ersity and richness were significantly higher in the laying group than the broody and recovery groups. These results provide a basic profile of Zhedong white goose microbial community for the further study on goose broodiness and microbiology.
...
HuaBin Zhang1,2, YaSen Li1, Tao Pan1, Peng Yan1, En Li1, Hui Xue1 and XiaoBing Wu1,*
...ing leptin levels varied significantly over the season. Therefore, we hypothesize that leptin is involved in nutrient stores, absorption and utilization, and reproductive behavior of the Chinese alligator.
...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Safdar Ali Mirza2, Sumera Sajjad3, Shaukat Ali1,*, Muhammad Faiz Qamar4 and Ikram Ul Haq5
...rming motility alongwith significantly reduced biofilm formation was observed in Δ fliI mutant compared to wild type and fliI complemented strains. This study will extend initial evidence that FliI plays important role in flagellar export system and flagellum-mediated rotation is criticalfor swimming, swarming motility and biofilm formation. The flagellar basal body has an ancient and evolutionarily conserved macromolecular assembly and kno...
Hui Wang1,2, Yuchen Zhao1 and Xinpu Wang1,*
...rsity and abundance were significantly greater in the typical enclosure area and the enclosed mowing area compared to the grazed area. The dominant species were Carabus vladimirskyi and Poecillus gebleri in enclosure areas and mowing areas while was Carabus glyptoterus in grazing areas. The key environmental factors associated with the activity-density of carabid beetles were soil organic matter, phosphorus, plant coverage, and plant densi...

Kawa A. Ali1*, Sazar S. Noraldeen2 and Arshad A. Yaseen2, 3

...ol). Results demonstrate significant differences between SPAD and atLEAF data for tomato and pepper plants where higher levels with atLEAF instrument comparing to SPAD chlorophyll meter. Higher chlorophyll levels were recorded in open field plants comparing to lath and plastic houses plants. Chlorophyll a content was related to carotenoid levels in both destruction methods. There was positive correlation between SPAD and atLEAF. Nondestructive methods could be...

Muhammad Waheed* and Dost Muhammad

...ile fractions showed non-significant changes with time. The Plant height, biomass and total P uptake were found significantly higher in the treatment fertilized with 2 % TSP enriched compost followed by 4 % TSP enriched compost as compared to control. The effect of TSP enrichment was better than RP as well as the enrichment with 2 % was better than 4 % for both sources in both soils. Moreover, only labile P determined at 10t...

Jong Ho Ahn1, Jang Hoon Choi1,2 and In Sik Nam1,3,*

...3 vs. 16.93 mm) were not significantly affected during fattening period among different treatments. Marbling score, which substantially affects meat quality, the GCFT and GTFT groups in the fattening period presented higher than the GTFC and GCFC groups. The incidence of C grade of meat yield was 33.3% with GCFC and GTFC) and 40.0% with GCFT and GTFT). The incidence of grade 1+ or higher meat quality was higher with (GCFT, 86.6%; GTFT, 73.3%) than (GCFC, 46.7%...

Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Nasir Ali Tauqir2 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel3 

...oncentrations varied non-significantly among animals. While the calcium and phosphorus concentration (P<0.05) was found to be 9.88±1.16, 4.77±0.8 and 9.06±1.18, 4.06±0.9 mg/dl respectively in August and February, lower in rut-camels. Such biochemical investigations are evident of the importance of serum bio-gram which has pronounced effect on sexual behavior and may be used for detection of rutting and non-rutting males.

...
Chaochao Hu1,2, Xue Xu1, Wenjia Yao1, Wei Liu3, Deyun Tai1, Wan Chen4 and Qing Chang1*
...ere negative. We found a significant negative correlation between CBI and ENC, and a significant positive correlation was found between CBI and G + Cc and G + C3s. The ratio of Ka/Ks of all PCGs indicated that all these genes evolved under purifying selection. Evidence of positive selection was obtained for three (ND2, ND4 and ND6) genes by at least one of the methods. This study provides a valuable resource facilitating fur...
Mengke Wang1, Shucheng Huang2, Cai Zhang1*, Haizhou Gong1
Shunan Cuan1, Shuaishuai Wang1, Qi Shao1, Wenhao Xu1, Sudan Meng1
Pengfei Li1, Yuqin Wang1 and Zijun Yang1
... MAG treated groups were significantly lower than that in the control group. Blood biochemical indexes also revealed that MAG supplementation significantly decreased the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p<0.05), the content of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLB) (p<0.05). Furthermore, supplementation of MAG increased the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (p<0.05), slightly in...
Zhengyi Fu1,2,3,4, Rui Yang1,2,3, Shengjie Zhou1,2,3, Zhenhua Ma1,2,3* and Gang Yu1,2,3*
Li Ma1 *, Xu Han1, Bo Yang2 and Chunhua Zhou3
..., the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased in drug-treated cells. Mechanistically, the percentage of G1 phase and S phase cells in vitamin C and drug groups was decreased, and the percentage of G2 phase cells was increased significantly. Intriguingly, the number of CD105/CD62E-marked HUVECs cells was markedly observed. In comparison to the oxide-treated cells, the expression level of p16, p53, p21 and Bax protein was r...
Junyan Bai1*, Rentaodi Wu2*, Qihang Hu1, Lema Dao2 and Xinghua Tian3
...otype of CMS36 locus was significantly higher than that of BB genotype (P<0.05). The wool fineness of AC genotype at YWLL44 locus was significantly higher than that of BD, BE and CE genotype (P<0.05). The wool fineness of AA and BC genotype at YWLL 29 locus was significantly higher than that of AC genotype (P<0.05). The wool fineness of AB genotype at LCA33 lo...
Arsalan Khan1*, Navid Anjum2, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Shakeeb Ullah3
Ali Zaman3, Kamran Safdar3, Khalid Muhammad3, Ambrina Tariq4
Muhammad Inam Malik3, Muhammad Kamal Shah3, Atiq ur Rehman3 
and Hamza Maris3
...the number of ticks were significantly reduced (P<0.05%) using crude larval extract vaccine (78.4%) than standard acaricidal drugs, ivermectin (63.24%) being conventionally used.
...
Jun Yan Bai*, Yu Chen, Qi Hang Hu, Zhi Hao Dong, Ying Lei, You Bing Yang, Shu Juan Zhao and You Zhi Pang
... of the TT genotype were significantly higher than the CT and CC genotype (P<0.05). Among Beijing white quail, the weight of CC genotype was significantly higher than that of CT and TT genotypes (P<0.05), and the sternum length of CC genotype was significantly higher than that of TT genotype (P<0.05). Among Korean quail, the body weight of CT genotype was
Ayman Balla Mustafa1, Abdalla Elgenaidi1, Aldukali Alkeskas1, Asim Faraz2,*, Ahmed Eisa Elhag3, Mohanad Bashari4 and Bernard Faye5
...idated that there was no significant difference of lactose and fat content between two groups throughout experiment period. Where the significant difference (P˂0.05) of protein, SNF and density contents of milk were detected during lactation stages throughout four months. Otherwise, the levels of fat, lactose, protein and SNF were increased significantly (P˂0.05) with advancement of lact...
Liping Liu and Pengfei Liu*
...ral selection may not be significant as the males and females were observed almost always foraging together closely on same substrates in one flock during non-breeding season.

...
Jun Yan Bai*, Zhi Hao Dong, Shu Juan Zhao, Ying Lei, You Bing Yang, Heng Cao and Kun Peng Shi
...s weight shows extremely significantly postive correlations with carcass net weight, heart weight, liver weight, breast muscle weight (total), leg muscle weight (single), slaughter rate and whole net carcass rate (P<0.01), the correlation coefficients are 0.988, 0.596, 0.557, 0.926, 0.899, 0.467 and 0.706, respectively. For the french giant quail, carcass weight shows extremely significantly postive correlations wi...
...he research group showed significant improvement in dyspnea, 6MWD, FEVl% pred, BMI and BODE index, p<0.05. At eight months of treatment, the improvement was sustained for all outcomes at the research group, at p<0.05. Pulmonary rehabilitation combined with tiotropium bromide therapy for clinical stable patients with COPD can produce significant improvement in patients’ BODE index.
...
Tian Tian, Lili Luo*, Haiyan Wang and Lei Wang
...ful group decreased more significantly as compared with that before treatment, p<0.05. When the levels of β-human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone were increased, the success rate of methotrexate combined with mifepristone tablets showed a decreasing trend, p<0.05. When the maximum diameter value of pelvic effusion was increased, the success rate of conservative treatment with methotrexate combined with mifepristone tablets showed a decreasin...

Nasir Mahmood Cheema1*, Ghulam Shabbir2 and Nazakat Nawaz3

...graphy. Results revealed significant differences among oil quality components among castor cultivars and differ significantly (p<0.05) from the view point of oil content, linoleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid and protein but indicated no difference significantly (p>0.05) in oleic acid and ricin oleic acid. Among cultivars, DS-30 showed maximum oil content (49.356 %) and ricin ol...
Waqar Ali1,3*, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Abida Arshad1, Guifu Dai3,Safir Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Arshad Malik4, Imran Ullah1 and Ihsan Ullah1
...ion showed statistically significant association with the prevalence of mastitis in beetal goats. Antibiotics sensitivity profiles of investigated bacteria showed that these were most sensitive to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin.
...
Yuli Andriani1*, Rintan Octaviana Julia1, Lintang Permata Sari Yuliadi1, Iskandar Iskandar1 and 
Yaya Rukayadi2
...of BPLM in feed does not significantly affect survival rate and water quality. These result indicated that usage of BPLM is safe as a sources of natural pigment for ornamental fishes, such as Swordtail fish.
...

Ayesha Gul1, Mohammad Sayyar Khan1*, Mazhar Ullah1 and Iqbal Munir3

...ve growth of call showed significant decrease after 30 and 60 days. Control had maximum relative growth (3.33), while calli on 7.5% PEG showed the least growth rate i.e 1.33. Similarly, non-stressed control calli had higher water content i.e. (20%) while 7.5% stressed calli showed lowest water content i.e. (5%). Catalase activity was not significantly different between control and the stressed calli after 30 days at all PEG ...

Hidayatullah1*, Sammia Mahroof1, Saleem Abid2, Naveeda Anjum3, Noor Habib4, Akhter Saeed5 and Muhammad Arshad Farooq1

...tions were statistically significant. Genotype x locaton had significant interaction suggesting inconsistent performance of chilli genotypes over environments. The NARC Chilli-2 has regression slope equal to one with relatively low Wricke’s Ecovalence, low value of Shukla’s Stability Variance, relatively less value of deviation from regression and highest value of coefficient of determination. Results of stabilit...
Diana Rachmawati1*, Johannes Hutabarat1, Olga Anne2, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi3 and Tita Elfitasari1
...plementation in the diet significantly affected on protein digestibility (ADCP), the efficiency of diet utilization (EFU), feed conversion ratio (FCR), the protein efficiency ratio (PER), relative growth rate (RGR), survival rate (SR) and activities of digesting enzymes of E. fuscoguttatus. In conclusion, the optimum amounts of B. subtilis in the diet on ADCP, EFU, FCR, PER, RGR, and SR were at (7.34, 7.36, 7.18, 7.5, 7...

Azra Nadeem1*, Shaukat Hussain2, Saeedullah2, Asma Akbar3, Zahoor Ahmad4, Maryam Tariq5, Robina Karim6 and Muhammad Huzaifa7

...soil moisture was highly significant and maximum tuber weight was recorded at 15% soil moisture. Both fresh root weight and plant height were not significantly affected by fungal treatments and moisture levels under the conditions of the experiment. The biocontrol agent exhibited good results in terms of disease control and improving yield parameters, between 8 and 15% moisture levels.

...
Ahmad Wahyudi1*, Sujono Sujono2, Listiari Hendraningsih2, Ari Prima2, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile3 and 
Ivar Zekker4
...d 3.94 respectively, TMR significantly higher than others (P < 0.05). Digestibility of DM and OM (%) showed the same pattern, TMR followed by CON then TMR silage (64.09; 62.98; 54.21 for DMD) and 73.92; 75.99; 63.78 for OMD. The age has non-significant effect into digestibility. Highest ADG (kg head-1 day-1) were was obtained from TMR feed (0.70), followed by CON (0.65) and TMR silages (0.45)....

Usman Khalique*, Muhammad Zahid, Noor Fatima, Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah

... wheat crop which causes significant damage to wheat production in Pakistan. The present study was conducted to evaluate 125 Pakistani wheat varieties under high aphid infestation period from February to March, 2020 at experimental area of Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar. Our study showed that seasonal mean population of aphid was found maximum on NIA Sarang (81.5 aphids per tiller) statistically higher than any other wheat variety ...

Reena Ambreen1, Sadaf Sarfraz1*, Fouzia Qamar2 and Shomaila Skinadar1 

...factant mixtures plays a significant role in numerous fields of industries such as polymer industry, enhanced oil recovery, emulsion, drug distribution, textile staining and detergency. Surface active agents molecules tend to aggregate themselves into structures named as micelles. The formation of these micelles is accountable for the hydrophobic substances that are solubilized in surfactant-water system. The present review focuses to study the effect of vario...

Muhammad Dawood1,2, Naeem Sarwar2, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha3*, Faiz Hussain4, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal5, Muhammad Akram4, Hammad Husnain5, Muhammad Shahid5, Mussarrat Hussain6 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

.... The cultivars differed significantly in terms of growth and yield. Therefore, cultivars should be properly select in order to get good quality and better yield. Therefore, this study was planned to screen out best cultivars for their yield potential and quality under Faisalabad conditions. The experiment was comprised of eight wheat cultivars, i.e. Galaxy-2013, Ujala-2015, Inqlab-2000, SH-2002, Punjab-2011, Millet-2011, Faisalabad-2008 and Lasani-2008. The r...

Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Pervaiz Khan2 and Fozia Gull3

...uring mango season; with significant values F=29.6, p< 0.05). The relationship among the population and Abiotic factors during both seasons showed significant relationship with temperature (r=0.587, r=0.81), rainfall (r=0.194, r=0.43), Humidity (r=0.064, r=0.21) and wind velocity (r=0.773, r=0.58), respectively. This relationship of abiotic factors clearly shows that pest emergence increase with peak season of host and ec...

Amir Muhammad Khan1, Laila Fayyaz2*, Raziuddin2, Sajid Ali1, Israr-ud-Din1, Sheraz Ahmad2, Haidar Ali1 and Ijaz Ahmad2

... oilseed crops playing a significant role in commercial edible oil production. To determine diversity within this specie, ten different genotypes of B. napus L. including Chinese (CA-2, CA-4, CA-5) and doubled haploid lines from a population were field-tested at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar (UAP). Genotypes were examined for seven morphological traits including days to flowering, primary branches mainstem-1, plant height, main raceme length, pods ma...
Aneela Hameed1, Faqir Muhammad Anjum2, Zia ur Rehman3, Saeed Akhtar1, Asim Faraz4*, Majid Hussain1 and Amir Ismail1
...at lactation stages have significant effect on minerals composition i.e. macro minerals (Na, Cl, K, Ca, Mg and P) and micro minerals (Zn and Cu) in milk. Oxytocin administration showed significant effect on milk minerals during various lactation stages as sodium, chloride and copper contents increased while potassium decreased. It was concluded that indiscriminate use of oxytocin for milk let down considerably influences min...
Dong-Min Hou1, Ting Jia2, Chun-yan Liu1, Zheng-Kun Wang1 and Wan-Long Zhu1*
...level. But there were no significant differences between morphology and positive expressions of UCP1 and Cd137. All of the above results suggested that the physiological indexes in T. belangeri showed plasticity under the condition of FR and Re. Moreover, WAT played an important role in the survival environment of T. belangeri to adapt to the fluctuation of food resources.
...
Jun-Dong Tian1,2, Wei-Jie Guo1,2, Han Yan1, Jie Zhang1, Shu-Liao Tian3 and Ji-Qi Lu1,2,*
...vel of the AM group were significantly higher than that of the PM group, v) though no analyses could significantly differentiate the two groups, there were significant differences in specific taxonomic groups including genus Lactobacillus, families Lactobacillaceae and Rhodospirollaceae, and phylum Tenericutes, and vi) the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in AM group was lower ...
Muhammad Mansha1*, Sidra Yaqub1, Asma Abdul Latif2, Muhammad Wasim3 and Peter C. Thomson4
...umber of pregnancies has significant association with premature termination of pregnancies (P = 6 × 10–11). The regression coefficient for number of pregnancies is 0.220 ± 0.029= 1.25× i.e. a 25% increase for each additional pregnancy. There is a significant positive association between premature termination of pregnancies and number of ch...
Anwar Khan1, Fareeha Nosheen2,4, Bushra Tabassum2*, Olawale Samuel Adeyinka2, Khurram Shehzad3, Naila Shahid2, Arif Muhammad Khan4 and Idrees Ahmad Nasir2
...esigned in which siRNA 3 significantly reduced the CP-PVX mRNA expression in HepG 2 cells upto 91.91% (12.5 fold) as compared to siRNA 1 and siRNA 2 where knockdown percentages were only 20 and 73.04%, respectively as revealed by realtime PCR. Maximum knockdown values were obtained at 100 nM concentration of siRNA 1 and 2, while for siRNA 3 promising knockdown was obtained at 50 nM concentration. For long lasting effect of siRNAs, short hairpin RNA correspondi...
Rizwana Sultan1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saba Usman1, Ahsan Anjum1,*, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Muhammad Usman3 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
...ase and creatinine and a significant decline in alanine transaminase, total protein, total albumin, globulin, triglycerides and cholesterol values. Histopathological examination demonstrated degenerative changes, necrosis haemorrhages, and sloughing off epithelial cells of broad folds of caeca, mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the periportal area of the liver and mild depletion of lymphocyte in the bursa of Fabricius. The seven clades of avian ...
Muhammad Javed Iqbal1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Khalid Abbas1 and Muhammad Shahid2
...at the dietary P/E ratio significantly affects digestibility of protein, lipid and gross energy. In addition, the interactions of protein and energy significantly (p < 0.05) affected the digestibility of crude proteins, lipids, gross energy however, no significant (p > 0.05) effect was observed in digestibility of dry matter and ash. The increasing dietary P / E ratio
Amal E. Abdel-Hady*, Sara M. El-Amir, Noura S. Al-Muttri and Heba M. El-Hariri
... of scales have provided significant adaption and functional value in lizards. In this paper, we examined the microornamenation of the outer surface of the dorsal scales from the mid-body region of Acanthodactylus opheodurus (Lacertidae), Mesalina guttulata guttulata (Lacertidae) and Trapelus ruderatus blanfordi (Agamidae). Skin specimens were prepared and investigated by using scanning electron microscopy. The microornamenation of the exa...

 Song Jiang1,2, Xianbin Mo1,2, Falin Zhou2,3, Jianhua Huang2,3, Qibin Yang2,3, Lishi Yang2,3 and Shigui Jiang2,3*

... The results showed that significant differences were observed in the weight gain of different P. monodon families fed with the same diet(P<0.05). The AGR (absolute weight gain rate) of the fastest weight gain families was 97.16% and 95.46% higher than that of the slowest weight gain families fed with Diet A and Diet B, respectively, but the order of weight gain of different families in the different diet groups was not the same. The average survival rates ...
Yonghua Liu*, Xianhua Li, Xiongfei Yan, Gang Li, Caiyun Luo and Ying He
...he high temperatures had significant impacts on the moth’s survival and reproduction. With increased temperatures and durations of exposure, the development time of T. vishnou gigantina was shortened and then prolonged. At 30 and 35°C, with increased exposure time, the development time was shorter than that at 25°C, whereas it was significantly longer at 40°C. The increase in temperatures and treatme...
Zheng Yan1,2,*, Shuang Liu2, Ai-Qing Liu2 and Hai-Yan Wang2
... skin aging has become a significant research focus over recent years. To investigate the protective effects of the oral administration of elastin peptide on photoaged skin, BALB/C Nude mice were exposed to UVA+UVB for 16 weeks to establish the photoaging model. The concentrations of elastin peptide given to the low, medium, and high dose groups were 1.5, 5.0 and 10 mg/animal per day, respectively. Then, skin elasticity was measured using a cutimeter dual MPA ...

Suhu Duan, Zaiqiang Li, Zhenzhen Fan, Mengran Qin, Xiaoxue Yu* and Liuan Li*

...acid (DHA, C22:6n3) were significantly increased in yolk of 6% and 15% seed group (P < 0.05). On 25th day, the contents of γ-linolenic acid (C18:3n6) in yolk of 10% and 15% seed groups were much lower than those of the CK (P < 0.05) and the contents of arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) in yolk of 6% and 10% were much lower than those of the CK (P < 0.05). The ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA in yolk of all experimental groups ...
Gong Xue-na1, Jia Ting2, Zhang Di2 and Zhu Wanlong1*
...ass, food intake and RMR significantly, HF diet increased body mass in E. miletus, while regions had significant effect on activity behavior, but HF diet had not affect activity behavior. Regions and HF diet also showed remarkable effects on leptin and hypothalamus Neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression, and leptin positively correlated with body mass and negatively correlated with NPY expression. Moreover, E. mile...
Ou-Mei Hao1*, Xue-Feng Wang1, Zhi-Jun Yue1, Chun-Hong Nan1,Yan Yu1,Tong Zhang2,Yu-Feng Liu3 and Xue Zhao1
...s of SP-A and IL-12 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). After five days of therapy, the protein and mRNA expression levels of B7-H3 and IL-13 decreased, while SP-A and IL-12 increased, in response to QZZKF, QZZKF combined with AZM, and AZM. Statistical differences were detected between QZZKF and AZM, as well as between QZZKF combined with AZM and AZM, and between QZZKF and QZZKF combined with AZM. In conclusion: these results demonstrate that QZZKF combi...
Muhammad Farhan Qadir1, Xin-Yu Han1, Meng-li Qiao1, Qian-qian Cheng1
Raza Ali Mangi1, Ali Raza Jahejo1, Afrasyab Khan1, Yu-hai Bi1,2 and Wen-xia Tian1*
...elated to apoptosis were significantly up-regulated at different time periods, except of Bcl-2 which was significantly down-regulated at 6 and 10 h of infection. To conclude, there are alterations in expression levels of apoptosis-related genes in chicken’s erythrocytes at different time intervals that are highly related to the development of H9N2 infection. This study may provide a new biomarker to detect H9N2 infecti...
Muhammad Arslan Akbar1, Khalid Javed2, Asim Faraz3* and Abdul Waheed3
...ric traits were high and significant (P≤ 0.01) particularly among withers height, body length, heart girth and live body weight in both male and female animals. Principal component analyses of morphometric traits were done and two principal components were extracted in females with 66.02% variance and three components were extracted for males with 76.72% variance. PC1 of females had 56.27% variance and 57.51% for male animals. PCA of biometric traits showed...

Mukhtar Iderawumi Abdulraheem1*, Muhammad Ihtisham2*, Abiodun Yusuff Moshood3, Nawab Khan4, Muhammad Owais Shahid5, Shafiq Hussain6, Kumail Abbas6 and Fawad Zaman7

...ythene mulch resulted in significantly less disease severity (7.41%), whereas the treatment combination of no weeding and no mulching application resulted in significantly more disease severity (99.98%). In comparison to other treatment combinations, the treatment combination of weeding thrice and polythene mulching produced the highest yield characteristics at harvest. Okra, an important vegetable crop in Nigeria where viru...

Syed Rashid Ali1*, Saad Uddin Khan1 and Ahmed Raza ul Mustafa2

...istan. This negative and significant relationship confirms the risk-averse behaviour of Pakistani rice producers. Parameters stability is checked by the Cusum and Cusumq statistics. Policymakers, when designing policies to promote rice production, should consider the exchange rate volatility.

...

Malik Muhammad Shafi, Rabia Habib and Haidar Ali*

...e variables which showed significant results. Because their overall p-values indicates significant results at 5% significant value. Results of these variables revealed a positive relationship between household (farmers) savings and total income with coefficient 0.332143 and P-value 0.00*** and land size with coefficient 1823.08 and P-value 0.000*** in the study area. On other hand, total c...

Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza1, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2, Aftab Khan3, Hamdullah1 and Syed Attaullah Shah1

... but was statistically insignificant. Summing up all the estimated coefficients of the regressed model resulted a value of 0.8266, implying that rice growers in the study area were operating with decreasing returns to scale. Findings of this endeavor revealed that a percent increase in labor hours, urea fertilizer and irrigation has enhanced rice productivity by 0.41%, 0.23% and 0.11%, respectively. Therefore, farmers need to increase labor hours, application ...

Theophilus Miebi Gbigbi* and Rodney Akpoviri Isiorhovoja

...r, shelter and equipment significantly influenced exotic chicken production. The resource use efficiency result infers that DOCs and drugs and vaccine were under-utilized while feeds, labour and housing and equipment were over-utilized by the farmers. The elasticity of production was 1.08. This is increasing returns to scale. This paper concludes that poultry farmers were inefficient in the application of productive resources and recommends capacity building o...

Hamida Bibi1*, Dave Rraffaelli2 and Muhammad Sharif1

...negative correlation was significant R2 = 0.5072, p <0.05.

...

Saadu Mustapha1,2, Norsida Man1*,  Jasmin Arif Shah1, Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman1 and Ahmadu Abubakar Tafida3

...orking experience has no significant contribution to ICT adoption while marital status, awareness, accessibility and motivation are the most influential factors influencing the adoption of ICT’s in extension service delivery. The study recommends that government for support the extension organizations with the most commonly used ICT components, ensure adequate awareness and access to ICT’s.  The government support and interest will motivate th...

Farrukh Ilyas1, Durdana Qaiser Gillani2, Mudassar Yasin3, Muhammad Amjed Iqbal4, Iqbal Javed5*, Shahbaz Ahmad6 and Iftikhar Nabi7

...es have a negative and insignificant effect on growth. The significant negative value of the Vector Error Correction Model coefficients shows that the parameters will do adjustment and return to equilibrium in the long run. The co-integration results showed a positive link between sub-sectors of agriculture and economic growth. The study is crucial for policy makers regarding the promotion of agricultural sector. The agricul...

Nazeer Ahmed Lashari1*, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh2, Aijaz Hussain Soomro2 and ShamsuddinTunio3

...e expansion ratio showed significant differences between aromatic and coarse varieties. Physical and cooking quality attributes were largely influenced by the storage conditions. It is summarized that the storage environments & packaging material significantly influences the physical, chemical & cooking properties of the white rice during the storing period. Findings can be helpful to the exporter, farmers and househ...

Murad Ali* and Said Wahab

...073 meq kg-1) were found significantly higher in oil medium, followed by ghee (11.96 meq kg-1) and then tallow (10.507-meq kg-1). Initial value in oil,value of peroxide was recorded as low as (5.05 meq kg-1),which significantly increased to (20.68 meq kg-1) in the 5thhour of frying. In addition, a higher acid value (1.499) recorded in ghee medium followed by oil (1.389) and then tallow (1.250), highest acid value (2.01) in t...

Sheikh Muhammad Azam1,2 and Muhammad Naeem1*

... were found to be highly significant (P<0.001), however the relation with percent ash, fat, organic contents and protein in dry body weight were non-significant (P>0.05). Highly significant relationships were also observed for fish size (weight and total length) with all other body constituents in log-transformed data. Condition factor had highly significant<...

Tajnees Pirzada1*, Weenghar Ali Chandio1, Mansoor Ali Kalhoro2, Mir Munsif Ali Talpur1, Waheed Ali Mirbahar1, Abdul Ghafar Solangi1, Zulfiquar Ali Jumani1 and Rehana Kerio1

... The HA/ZnO NPs exposure significantly increased germination by 83 %, root length (60 %), shoot length (78 %), fresh weight (71.4 %) and dry weight (45.9 %).. The HA/ZnO NPs were applied as co-fertilizer to upgrade the Brassica campestris seed germination. Seeds may have assimilated NPs, which thus might prompt the union of specific catalysts, working with the food activation. This investigation exhibited that HA/ZnO NPs can be a capable co-compost, giving zin...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Khushi Muhammad2,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal3
... recorded that there was significant increase in number of WBCs and neutrophils, but a significant decrease was noticed in number of lymphocytes. While the serum tests showed significant decrease in iCa, P, Na, K, BUN, ALP, PTH. While significant increase was observed in Glu, Cl, Isuline and cortisol but no significant...
Zhiyuan Sun1, 3, Xuhui Zhang2,*, Xian Li3, Yanping Huang3, Shiyan Sui3, Weifeng Liu3, Guochao Ni3, Xiaozhou Xu1, Jianbo Yang1, Xue Lian1 and Hui Jia1
...ut ACTH treatment has no significant effect on them. Neither ACTH nor LPS treatment had any significant effect on levels of pulmonary SOD, CAT and MDA secretion, as well as expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, COX-2 and TLR4 mRNAs (P >0.05). Pulmonary cortisol level was inhibited by LPS (P =0.034), with a similar trend of inhibition by ACTH (P =0.062). Pretreatment with ACTH tended to downregulate ...

Salma Javed1* and Daniyal Siddiq2

...ty days of treatment, no significant effect was recorded in plant height and shoot weight for extracts and concentration. Extracts of S. cumini may have potential for controlling M. javanica on tomato.

...

Asma Hanif* and Shahnaz Dawar

...the experiment showed no significant nematicidal effect against M. incognita. Kent-20 and Santonine-43 at three different concentrations of 50, 100 and 75% was highly effective when used as seed treatment of okra, sunflower, mung bean and mash beans followed by drenching the soil with these concentrations of both homeopathic drugs separately, also resulted in increasing the weight and height of tested crops and reducing the nematode infection on roots plant.
Ishtiaq Ahmad1*, Abid Usman1, Khursheed Iqbal1 and Shams Ur Rehman2
...ience and firm size have significant the ROA and Chief Executive Duality, Board Size, Board Gender, Board Experience, and Firm size have significant with Tobin-Q.
...

Ilker Kepenekci1, F. Dolunay Erdoğuş2 and Adnan Tülek3*

...here agriculture plays a significant role in the economy. Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are serious pests of several plants worldwide including straw berry. So far, no record of any plant parasitic nematode (PPN) exists detailing the species found in strawberry growing areas of Kyrgyzstan. This research aimed to provide a faunistic and taxonomic record of PPNs from soil and plant samples collected from strawberry orchards in 10 different locations in Tokmok ...

Mohammed Abdel-Mageed Abdel-Aziz Abdel-Mageed1, Eman Alsayed Hammad2*, Nashaat Abdel-Aziz Mahmoud1 and Anas Farag El-Mesalamy1

...st tested materials have significantly reduced nematode parameters compared to Oxamyl 24% L. and the untreated plants (check). The degree of nematode reduction varied according to the method of applications and the type of materials. Adding the extract with the chelating nutrients improved the properties of the plant, but adding the extract as doses to the soil reduced the numbers of nematodes better than other methods of application.

...

Christopher Oche Eche1*, Juliana Iye Oluwatayo1, Demben Moses Esang2, Paul Madina2 and Alexander Uloko1

...ce was not statistically significant but was higher than yields obtained when either eucalyptus biochar or sawdust was applied singly. The study showed evidence of nematode population control and yield improvement when mixed formulations of sawdust-eucalyptus biochar was applied at 2.5 and 5.0 t/ha and hence recommended for inclusion in the integrated pest management program for beniseed production in Makurdi.

...
Qazi Muhammad Noman1, Farhan Mahmood Shah1, Khalid Mahmood2 and Muhammad Razaq1*
...hritidae) species pose a significant threat to mango and citrus production worldwide including Pakistan. In the present study we identified and monitored the population dynamics of fruit flies species using male attractants Attrex® (methyl eugenol 98%, evyol group) and static Spinosad® (spinosad 2% and methyl eugenol 51%, target group) in mango and citrus orchards at different locations in Multan, Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Bac...
Song Jiang, Dong-liang Liu, Fa-lin Zhou, Xian-bin Mo, Qi-bin Yang, Jian-hua Huang, Li-shi Yang and Shi-gui Jiang*
...ynthase gene was not significantly up-regulated under low salt stimulation (P> 0.05),while under high salinity stimulation, the transcription level of PmATP synthase mRNA reached the maximum at 16th h (P<0.05).The expression level of PmNa+-K+-ATPase mRNA increased at 4th h and 16th h, which was significantly higher than that in the beginning under low salt stimulati...

Mohamed S. Khalil

...01%, of both experiment) significantly, while fenamiphos recorded moderate reductions. Also, the measured plant indices were augmented with all applied treatments. Therefore, from this study it can prove that milbemectin possess efficacy on galls and egg masses of root –knot nematode (M. javanica).

...
Muhammad Awais1,2, Waqas Ahmad3, Akhtar Rasool Asif4, Sayyed Aun Muhammad1, Iahtasham Khan1*, Muhammad Amjad Ali5, Muhammad Qaiser Riaz1 and Muhammad Saqib2 
...e treated animals showed significantly improved wound contraction, healing time, tensile strength and hydroxyproline measurements in dexamethasone treated group. In normal group, honey treated animals have significantly reduced wound healing time than the honey and povidone treated animals in dexamethasone treated animals. In normal group, honey and povidone treated animals exhibited significant
Ikechukwu Eugene Onah*, Ifeoma Esther Aniaku, Jude Ifeanyi Okwor and Ada Sylvester Haruna
...istry parameters are not significantly different between the sexes (p > 0.05). A total of 388 crows comprising 276 (71.13%) and 112 (28.87%) from food and water sources respectively were recorded in the study. The population of pied crows in food sources were significantly higher than the population in water sources (p < 0.05). Of the 400 individuals surveyed, 190 (47.5%) and 160 (40%) linked crows to food and water re...
Vishal Ambidi 1,3, Sanjeev Bantewad2, Suraj Prasad Mishra1, Anupama Hingane1 and Jagdish Jaba1*
...igeonpea seeds exhibited significant positive correlation with correlation coffecient (r) being (0.710**, 0.843**), respectively with percent pod damage by pod borer complex. Whereas, total phenols, tannins, total flavonoids present in seeds showed significant negative correlation with correlation coffecient (r) being (-0.729**, - 0.650**, -0.783**), respectively with percent pod damage by pod borer complex. Thus genotypes w...
Zhi Hao Dong1, Jun Yan Bai1*, Xiao Ping Jia2, Ying Lei1, Hui Cao1, You Bing Yang1 and Guang Lu Li1
...s paper demonstrated the significant associations of exon 1 of ESR gene with sternal length and body length (P<0.05), exon 8 with body length (P<0.05), and exon 4 with body weight, chest width, and tibial circumference of meat quails (P<0.05).
...

Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Asif Ali Abro3

...tify;">Livestock plays a significant role in promoting the financial status, assuring food security and reducing poverty specifically rural community of developing countries. The present study attempts to analyze the impact of formal credit on milk production of dairy animals and household income in district Vehari of southern Punjab, Pakistan. The study used simple random sampling approach for collecting primary data of 240 livestock household farmers and emp...

Ayesha Khan1*, Asmatullah2, Urooba Perviaz1, Khalid Nawab1 and Mahmood Iqbal1

... of t-test show a highly significant difference in use of fertilizer and number of irrigations before and after EM technology application as P≤0.01. On average tomato crop showed a decline of 2.151 bags ha-1, 2.103 bags ha-1 in whereas 1.00 bags ha-1decline was observed in wheat. However, 1.685 decrease is recorded in onion while tomato and wheat showed a decrease of 1.509 and 1.200 in number of irrigations respectively. Farmers opined that FYM application ...

Atef El-Sagheer1*, Anas El-Mesalamy1, Abdel-Monem Anany2 and Nashaat Mahmoud1

...culture filtrates caused significant reduction in number of J2 in all treatments, compared to the non-inoculated control, where the hatching inhibition and mortality percentages increased with an increase in exposure time. At 24 hours, increased the mean number of J2 hatched slowly than in first stages of experiment. Similar patterns showed against M. javanica infecting squash plants under greenhouse conditions. Data indicated that treatment with P. guilliermo...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi

...garcane plants increased significantly (p=0.05) with the highest concentration (75 mg) of furfural. A reduction in nematode population in soil of treated plants was remarked. The results indicated that furfural could be practically applied in the management of nematode pests of sugarcane, while safe guarding the environment from pollution.

...

Yaregal Tilahun1*, Benyam Tadesse1, Getachew Mekonnen2  and Tilahun Bekele3

...ign: justify;">Tea has a significant contribution to households’ cash income in the study area. However, decreasing productivity in the sector with price volatility led to a decline in output. Due to this fact, the studies were assessing the production trend with their bottlenecks, and identify the determinant of tea productivity and inefficiency through Cobb Douglas and stochastic frontier model. Data from a primary and secondary source of information w...
Misbah Sarwar1*, Abdul Hamid2 and Iftikhar Hussain2
... fall capture shows that significant mortality occurs during residence at summer quarters and return migration. In late August through September, they gather in flocks of up to 400 individuals and prepare for their flight to their winter range. During their migratory flight south, demoiselles fly like all cranes, with their head and neck straight forward and their feet and legs straight behind, reaching altitudes of 16,000–26,000 feet (4,900–7,900 ...

Mazhar Ullah and Mohammad Sayyar Khan*

...neration. ANOVA revealed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) amongst the callusing media (CM). Maximum callus induction (48.55%) was achieved on CM-2 augmented with 2.5 mg L-1 2,4-D and 4% sucrose. All the carbon sources at 4% concentration in CM-2 showed maximum callus induction. However, the best results were shown by sucrose with 50.33% callus induction. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed amongst the di...
Nasir Ali Tauqir1, Asim Faraz2*, Annamaria Passantino3, Muhammad Asif Shahzad1, Rana Muhammad Bilal4, Adeel Tahir1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2 and Abdul Waheed2
...s B (CE3) also exhibited significantly higher nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristic as compared to other treatments. Growth responses, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of birds were optimized fed 3% of CSL and Enzose mixture as compared to others.
...
Junli Liu1, Tongfang Yang2 and Lisheng Wu3*
...ons of homoharringtonine significantly increased the expression of P21, Caspase-3 protein, apoptotic rate, and miR-340 expression in U2OS cells, and obviously decreased the cell survival rate, the number of colony formation, and the expression of LINC00857 (P<0.05). All were dose-dependent. LINC00857 targets and regulates miR-340. Overexpression of LINC00857 or inhibition of miR-340 evidently reduced the expression levels of P21, Caspase-3 and apopto...

Nawab Khan1, Ram L. Ray2, Muhammad Ihtisham3*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui4*, Muhammad Khayyam5, Raheel Anjum6 and Simplice A. Asongu7

...ence. Furthermore, a non-significant association exists between age and adoption, and a significant association between landholding and awareness about recommendations has been found. A non-significant association existed between apple-growing experience and awareness/ adoption of recommendations. It is recommended that apple growers need direct or indirect training about the latest techno...

Rasool Bux Kalhoro1, Ghulam Mustafa Laghari2*, Ghulam Hyder Jamro2 and Muhammad Ibrahim Keerio2

...nodules plant-1 were not significantly affected by seed rates, except row spacings. The 60cm row spacing had a positive relationship with nodules formation and their number in plant roots. In the case of crop growth rate (gm-2 day-1) and net assimilation rate (gm-2 day-1), both were significantly higher 0.719-0.707 and 17.46 to 17.12 gm-2 day-1 at 45 cm row spacing in combination with different seed rates. The results for bi...

Syeda Shazia Bokhari, Aisha Waheed Qurashi*, Roheela Yasmeen*, Fouzia Yasmeen, Nabeela Nayab, Uzma Rafi

...orm (L. terrestris) have significant potential of adherence and can be exploited as a bioinoculant formulation for improving soil fertility. 
 
Novelty Statement | The study is novel in its design as it is planned to see the aggregation potential of microbial communities which are associated with earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) for the adherence and exopolysaccharides productions. Both characteri...
Khanitta Ruangwittayanusorn1, Doungnapa Promket1*, Kamonnate Pimrueng1, Jennarong Kammongkun2
... and 14.69 eggs) was non-significant. The VIP polymorphism were associated on egg number at 270 days (EN270), EN360 and EM (P<0.01). The DD genotype had higher EN270, EN360 and EM when compared to the ID and II genotypes. The DRD2 and VIP genes were moderate polymorphism and their alleles could be the potential genetic markers for chickens’ selection to improve egg number.
Farah Deeba1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Muhammad Irfan2, Muhammad Khan1 and Javed Iqbal Qazi1*
...tion of concentration of significantly impacted medium components for chitinase production was carried out using central composite design of response surface methodology. The maximum chitinase production was achieved employing 5% chitin, 0.5% rice straw, 0.05% peptone, 0.02% CaCl2, and 0.05% yeast extract. The utilization of agro-industrial waste (rice straw) not only decrease the production costs of microbial chitinase but can also providing positi...

Md. Sanjid Hasan1, A K M Humayun Kober1, Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana2, Md Saiful Bari1,3,4* 

...ility were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) to causing both SCM and udder lesions. Predominant causal agents isolated were Staphylococcus sp 186 (70.4%), Streptococcus sp 146 (55.3%), Bacillus sp 62 (23.5%) and E. coli 20 (7.6%) from collected CMT positive milk samples. Bacterial cultures of swab samples of udder lesions revealed Staphylococcus sp 120 (77.4%), Streptococcus sp 112 (72.2%), E. coli 110 (71.0%), and Bacillus sp 47 (30.3%). Moreover, udder...
Teuku Fadlon Haser1*, Muh. Saleh Nurdin2, Eddy Supriyono3, Deni Radona4, Fauziah Azmi1 , Kukuh Nirmala3, Widanarni3, Tri Heru Prihadi4, Tatag Budiardi3 and Riris Yuli Valentine5
...parameters. There was no significant between-site difference in the reproductive parameters of mahseer from Atu Suasah and Lawe Melang Rivers. The sex ratio was balanced. The growth pattern was allometric negative and the Fulton condition remained stable over the six month study period. Mahseer in the 610-710 mm length class made the largest contribution to total egg production. Management and conservation of this fish should include the designation of a reser...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Misbah Rizwan2, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Tahir3, Muhammad Sabar1, Muddassar Ali1 and Muhammad Yasir Ali4
...igh levels to rice plant significantly extended the larval development and reduced survival rate of both larvae and pupae. Si amendments reduced larval and pupae weight as compared to control treatment. However, the consumption of green matter increased in Si treated plants by 3rd instar larvae of C. medinalis. Results also showed that enhanced Si level in rice plants reduces food quality and increases plant resistance to the C. medinalis<...
Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari1*, Nusrat Jahan2, Muhammad Khalil Ahmed Khan3, Mariam Zaheer1, Sabir Javed1
...ra given orally produced significantly decline in the serum biochemical parameters viz. total cholesterol, triacylglycerols and glucose in Group 3 in comparison to Group 1 (p<0.05). An overall statistically significant decline in serum values of studied parameters was noted compared to the corresponding control values. High dose (400mg/kg) was effective in reducing blood sugar random and fasting blood glucose level (58.00...

Khlood G. Abdelkhalek*, Aly B. A. Badawy, Mohamed Fathi, Elshymaa A. Abdelnaby 

...Ms levels were increased significantly (P<0.05) from 8-months to 10-months-old. Testosterone level showed a significant (P<0.05) increase from 8.5-months to 10-months-old, while LH level was elevated from 6.5-months to 7.5-months-old. Both Doppler indices; resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were negatively correlated with PSV (r=-0.52 and -0.68; P<0.05 ), FSH (r=-0.88 and -0.64), E2 (r=-0.82 and -0.71; ...

Eman H. Mahrous1, Mohamed. W. Abd Al -Azeem2, Faisal A. Wasel1, Waleed Younis2* 

...nuffles) in rabbits with significant economic losses and poor prognosis in Egypt. So, this study aims to detect and identify P. multocida isolated from rabbits by molecular techniques. To establish this goal, lungs, liver, and heart (50 for each organ) were collected from 50 diseased rabbits (suffering from respiratory signs) from backyard rabbits at different localities in Sohag governorate, Egypt. All samples were submitted for PCR test and other convention...

Nguyenthuy Linh1, Nguyen Thi Kim Dong2*, Nguyen Van Thu3 

...s of DM, OM, and EE were significantly higher for the Lys 1.2 and Lys 1.1 treatments in both periods (P<0.05). At 8-week-old period, the digestibility results of lysine, and valine in the Lys 1.2 treatment; and of isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine in the ME 12.97 treatment were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the other treatments. At 10-week-old period, the Lys 1.1 and ME 13.81 treatments had some better e...
Longjun Guo*, Jiaqi Teng, Juan Wang and Yukun Chen
...here was a statistically significant difference in cerebrospinal fluid Tau protein concentration between the experimental group and the control group (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in CSF IgG index between the experimental group and the control group (P>0.05). DTI was used to process diffusion tensor data and visually and clearly display the distribution and metastasis of ...
Syed Sikandar Habib1*, Saira Naz2, Sadia Nawaz1, Iqra Ameer1, Ameer Khatoon1, Hameed Ur Rehman3, Sahibzada Muhammad Jawad4 and Haider Ali5
...evealed that there is no significant (P > 0.05) difference in packed cell volume, mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin of different selected species adapted to similar environmental conditions. However, all other parameters like red blood cells, hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, white blood cells, lymphocytes, mid-range cells, granulocytes and other less important parameters including platelets, red cell distribution width-standard deviat...
Jarosław Pytlewski1, Ireneusz R. Antkowiak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2*
... analysis confirmed significant statistical differences (P ≤ 0.05) between homozygotes (+,+) and heterozygotes (+,-) for the following traits: age at first calving (IVS5+438G>A), weights at weaning (c.1178G> A) and daily weight gain from birth to weaning (c.1178G>A). The most preferable results were found for homozygous (+,+) animals. The mutation in
Jhan Zeb1*, Saiqa Tufail1, Nausheen Saboohi1, Zafar Samuel2, Asher Azeem3, Yaseen Amir4 and Sehrish Akram5
...i>L. rohita attained significantly higher average wet weights, fork and total lengths of 4.79±0.04g, 66.63±0.04mm and 74.67±0.04mm, respectively due to 9.5/30% lipid/protein diet (D4). None of the dietary lipid/protein levels in pelleted diet had a significant impact on either the condition or the survi...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Nasir Ali Tauqir2 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel3
...rovided twice a day. Non-significant daily weight gain (DWG) was observed as 948±40 and 991±30 g/d while dry matter intake (DMI) of concentrate, fodder and gram straw was 2.9±0.15, 3.0±0.16 and 1.5±0.08; 2.9±0.07, 3.0±0.07 and 1.3±0.03 kg/d with diet 1 and 2, respectively. Haemoglobin concentration (P<0.05) was found to be 16.4±0.14 and 16.8±0.09 (g/dl) with diet 1 and 2, respectively. Cu...
Abdullah Abdo Albegali1, Tayyaba Aftab1, Atiq-ur-Rehman1*, Amir Rashid1 and Mayada Mohammad1,2
...was also done. The plant significantly (P < 0.05) and non-significantly (P > 0.05) decreased the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, asparate aminotransferase and alkaline aminotransferase. The plant maintains the level of HDL to a normal range. It is concluded from the study that the plant may be supportive treatment in combating ...
Muhammad Anwarullah1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Usman1*,Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1Muhammad Husnain1,Ahsan Anjum3, Qurratulain Ashraf4 and Ghulam Mustafa3

... were also found to have significant (p<0.05) effect on the occurrence of MAP in cattle and buffalo. Moreover, hematological profile of MAP-positive animals showed significantly (p<0.05) lower values of RBCs, Hb, and PCV; whereas, levels of MCHC showed non-significant (p>0.05) rise in MAP-positive animals as compared to control animals. Thus, findings of the current study depict a...

Vladimir Safonov 

...defense system increased significantly by up to 2.27 times. Study results of the blood biochemical composition show that selenium deficiency may facilitate the development of pathologies in the liver and excretory system . Therefore, food additives as an additional source of micronutrients may be recommended to maintain the antioxidant defense system capability in animals with low selenium levels in agrobiocenoses.

Keywords | Antioxidant protection, Bi...

Sadarman1, Agung Irawan2, Muhammad Ridla3, Anuraga Jayanegara3*, Nahrowi3, Roni Ridwan4, Ahmad Sofyan5, Hendra Herdian5, I Nyoman Guna Darma5, Teguh Wahyono6, Dewi Febrina1, Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap7, Rizki Amalia Nurfitriani8, Danung Nur Adli9 

...ue. However, there was a significant decrease in the value of potentially degradable fraction (b) and a+b (potential degradation) of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) (p<0.05) for the SSR with or without fermentation. In conclusion, extracted CT and HT from acacia and chestnut showed a protective effect on the potentially degradable nutrients from soy sauce residue and their effects were similar either on ensiled SSR or non-ensiled SSR.

Keywor...

Noor Bad Shah Khattak1, Hamayun Khan1, Muhammad Tarique Tunio2, Shakoor Ahmad1, Nazir Ahmad3, Syed Murtaza Hassan Andrabi4, Obaidullah5, Ihsan Ali1,5,* and Nan-Zhu Fang5,*
... GT concentration (1.5%) significantly decreased the quality indicators of spermatozoa. Green tea extract enhanced the spermatozoa survivability, integrity of acrosome and plasma membrane of spermatozoa following freezing and thawing. It is suggested that the addition of 1.5% green tea extract (4 g in 200 ml methanol) can be safely used for enhanced effectiveness of fertility after thawing. 
...
Weihao Chen1, 2, Zhilong Tian1, Lin Ma1, Shangquan Gan3, Wei Sun2, 4* and Mingxing Chu1*
.../i> and Cry1 were significantly higher in the pituitary tissue of STH rams than in that of SNT rams, whereas the expression level of Cry2 showed the opposite pattern. We speculate that Cry1 and Cry2 may have opposite roles in the circadian rhythm of rams. Moreover, the expression patterns of Cry1/2 and Per1/2 in the pituitary suggested that the CRY and PER proteins may function in the circadian rhythm either as a compl...
Xiaoyun He1, Yongfu La2, Jinxin Wang1, Ran Di1, Qiuyue Liu1, Xiangyu Wang1, Wenping Hu1 and Mingxing Chu1*

...an (T) sheep. There were significant differences in genotype distribution between STH sheep and T sheep at T1235C and AG2357-2358 CT sites (P<0.01). The results of haplotypes analysis indicated that H2, H7 were preponderant haplotype in high prolificacy sheep breed. The litter size of TT genotype was significantly higher than that in CC genotype at T1235C loci in STH sheep (P<0.05). The current study prov...

Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1, Dilbar Hussain2, Muhammad Luqman3, Muhammad Qasim1, Gulfam Yousaf1, Hamza Latif1 and Muhammad Zeeshan1

...s of variance revealed a significant impact of tested insecticidal formulations and exposure time on the mortality all insect pest individuals. The most effective differential chemistry insecticides against mango leafhopper, citrus psyllids, mango mealybugs and subterranean termites were nitenpyram, clothianidin, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid (causing 74–79% cumulative corrected mortality), thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, clothianidin and spirotetramat (caus...

Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Umar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan2, Ijaz Ahmed3, Amir Manzoor1, Muhammad Saqib Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan Arif1 and Asif Nawaz1

...howed that intercropping significantly reduced density and dry biomass of weeds per unit area. Moreover, the biological yield, grain yield and the harvesting index of pearl millet and mung bean were also affected significantly under different sowing geometries. Both crops growth and yield was increased in the narrow row spacing as compared to wider row spacing, whereas, weed density and biomass was decreased in narrow spacin...

Aftab Ahmad Sheikh1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Belqees Akhter1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Hafeezullah Rafa1, Abdul Wakeel1, Abdul Manan Saeed2

...successfully without any significant loss in yield and acceptable fodder quality with water salinity of 4 dS m-1.

...

Pham Tan Nha*, Le Thu Thuy 

...(drinking water) and the significantly higher result found in the SH2, SH3 and SH4 treaments (P<0.05). FCR of Ha Lan ducks were better in the SH3 and SH4 treatments (P <0.05). Accumulated Nitrogen (Nr) of SH2, SH3 and SH4 treatments were higest (60.3g/kg, 61.3g/kg and 61.2g/kg, respectively). It was concluded that the treatments supplemented with hydrolyzed shrimp juice at 3% and 4% gave higher results in terms of weight gain and low feed conversion rati...

Vahid Mollasadeghi1,2* and Samaneh Elyasi1,2

... PVY virus treatment was significant on chlorophyll a, b, leaf area and stem length at 1% and 5%, respectively. In addition, the effect of Pars Humic seven on chlorophyll a, b, leaf area and stem length was significant at 1% level. The results of the interaction effect of PVY virus treatment in Pars Humic were significant only for chlorophyll a, b and leaf area at 1% level. Pars Humic trea...

Wassan Mhammed Husain1*, Zainab Sattar Ali2 

...current results reveal a significant (p≤0. 05) decrease in testosterone, somatic testicular index, and sperm quality in the G3 group, nevertheless, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in LH, FSH, sperm abnormalities percent, and dead sperm percent in the G3 group. The capacity of Phitofert ® to restore all passive effects of CCL4 and increase epididymal sperm quality was demonstrated in G4 groups.

Key...

Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Ibadullah Jan2, Imad Khan1, Raheela Taj3, Mumtaz Ali Khan4, Salah-ud-din4, Naimat Ullah Khan1

...through PCR technique. A significant association (p<0.05) was found between livestock farm workers and abattoir workers with the prevalence of zoonotic tuberculosis. The level of knowledge and awareness about the zoonotic bTB were very low and considered high-risk occupational groups of gaining zoonotic TB. Bovine tuberculosis is a main public health issue in different job-related groups in district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The surveillance, ...
Nacira Djabali1*, Souad Dougat2, Wahida Haddadi2 and Lamis Fadhli2
... results obtained show a significant dose-dependent decrease in LH, FSH and testosterone in the treated groups compared to control. The administered solvent caused severe deterioration in sperm quality, decreased sperm concentration, mobility and vitality, with increased sperm morphological malformations. The treated individuals show hypogonadism and severe tissue damage, especially in group treated with 150ppm dose.
...
Samaria Nisar1, Tariq Manzoor Khan1, Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal1, Rahmat Ullah2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta3*, Saghir Ahmad3, Amna Bibi3, Hafeez ur Rehman4, Umar Farooq4 and Muhammad Zubair Ishaq5
...conomics, cotton plays a significant role. Improving the level of mechanization and the scale of cotton production in Pakistan is an urgent need of the hour. A thorough examination of F2 populations may reveal important information for the development of various breeding programmes. This study was on F2 populations, derived from four parents of upland cotton, i.e. CRIS-134, VH-329, IUB-222, CIM-240 which were sown in the Plant Breeding and Genetics section, Un...
Aiguo Zhou1,2,4, Shaolin Xie1,2, Zhuolin Sun1,2, Yongyong Feng1,2, Shulin Liu1,2, Di Sun1,2, Yanfeng Chen3 and Jixing Zou1,2*
...ose relationship with no significant morphological differences.
...

Zahoor Hussain1,2, Yasir Iftikhar3, Mustansar Mubeen3, Muhammad Zia Saleem3, Muhammad Umer Naseer3, Muhammad Luqman4, Raheel Anwar5, Faheem Khadija6 and Aqleem Abbas7

... one of the economically significant diseases of Kinnow mandarin. Various management practices have been adopted to mitigate this disease. However, this disease can only be effectively minimized by the application of micronutrients which play an essential role in increasing the vigour of citrus against the disease. In the present study, typical symptoms of citrus greening, such as mottled leaves, were observed on the infected trees. The infected fruits were un...
Ali Ikhwan1*, Dian Indratmi1, Faridlotul Hasanah1, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum2,3 and Irum Iqrar4,5
...i> attack up to 16.67 %, significantly higher than chemical fungicide (24.4 %).
...

Nguyen Binh Truong1,2,3*, Nguyen Van Thu3 

...es (%) of DM and OM were significantly different (P<0.05) among treatments and gradually decreased from the NDF47 to NDF59, however these values between NDF51 and NDF55 were not significantly different (P>0.05). Rumen pH, N-NH3, and VFAs concentration values before (0h) and 3h after feeding were similar (P>0.05) among treatments. Nitrogen retention value was numerically higher in NDF47, NDF51 and NDF55 treatments co...

Dewi Ratih Ayu Daning1,2, L.M. Yusiati1, C. Hanim1, B.P. Widyobroto1*

...ility, and ammonia (NH3) significantly decrease (P<0.05) at all doses of galangal EO. The addition of cineole results in the significant decrease (P<0,05) of CH4 (ml/dry matter degraded) while dry matter degradability and gas production shows a significant increase (P<0.05). Also, the addition of cineole results in a more significant increase (P...

Sudip Debnath1, Dipta Sundar Sarker1, Pankaj Kundu1, Md. Shahin Parvez1, Shaikh Tareq Arafat1, Roshmon Thomas Mathew2, Yousef A Alkhamis2,3, Md Moshiur Rahman1, Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman1* 

...ncy towards a marginally significant difference in daily growth (g d-1, P = 0.077) with the highest growth in juveniles fed Tubifex and custard. Body protein content was remained unaffected by the dietary treatments (P > 0.05) but a trend in increasing body protein content with increasing feed protein was observed. Formulated egg custard used in this study could be a potential feed for swordtail juveniles in terms of availability, cost, ecological and healt...
Yang Yang1,2, Ji Shao1,2, Mingxu Zhou3,4, Qiangde Duan1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*

...nce ability of ETEC were significantly reduced, and the expression of fliC and other major virulence factors were regulated. AHL signaling molecules can regulate virulence related characteristics of F4ac+ ETEC.
...

Abbas M. Al-Azab1*, Ahmed A. Zaituon2, Khalid M. Al-Ghamdi3, Fahd M. Abd Al Galil4,5 

...and December has shown a significant increase. Two peaks for the seasonal abundance of the adults were showed in April, January, October and December, because of the optimum climatic condations (temperature and humidity) in those months.

Keywords | Aedes aegypti, Immature stages, Surveillance, Dengue fever, Jeddah city 

...

Ahmed M. Elbaz*, Engy F. Zaki, Morsy A. S. 

.... Including quinoa seeds significantly increased carcass dressing and decreased ( P < 0.05) abdominal fat content. Plasma triglyceride, LDL, creatinine, and uric acid levels were lower (P<0.05) in the birds fed QS supplementation, while HDL was significantly higher. Saturated fatty acid content and shear force value (more tender) were reduced (P<0.05) while increasing the levels of quinoa inclusion in broiler diets....

Nedžad Hadžiomerović1*, Ozan Gündemir2, Senad Kovačević1 

... fox mandibles. The most significant difference was the total length, the indentation between the condylar and the angular process, and the measurement from the aboral alveolus of the canine tooth to the condylar process. The molar teeth parameters show similar values, especially the carnassial teeth. PC1 and PC2, which account for the highest variation, account for 68.8% of the total variation. The present study provided morphometric and geometric data on red...

Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro1*, Nadeem Sadiq1, Javed Ahmed Abro1, Amanullah1, Fateh Muhammad2, Maqbool Ahmed3, Syed Ishtiaq Ahmed Shah3 and Qasid Hussain4

...:2) and T7 (FYM 2:2) had significant results. The studied parameters which was height of plant, leaves per plant, branches per plants and girth of stem. As regards to soil analysis for nutrients concentration, it is concluded from this study that the observed from various of parameters which is growth and developments of olive saplings and soil nutrient status improved through mineral fertilizer when applied in soil during the two periods (three months), besid...

Ali Zohaib*, Muzzammil Hussain, Iftikhar Ahmad and Adnan Bashir

...c benefits. Seeding rate significantly affected the growth, yield and related traits of fine basmati rice. Increase in seeding rate from 80 to 110 g per tray successively increased number of plants per tray and per hill after transplanting while decreased the root length and root/shoot ratio of rice. Plant height was not affected significantly by seeding rate. Highest increase in number of productive tillers (8%), 1000-grain...

Muhammad Rizwan1*, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Amjad Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Riaz4, Muhammad Rafique Shahid3, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas1 and Muhammad Kashif Shahzad Sarwar1

...tion, Faisalabad. Highly significant results were noticed in the analysis of variance. Further investigation in correlation analysis revealed that there was comendable positive association among leaf chlorophyll contents, seed cotton yield (SCY), No. of sympodia, seed index and boll weight(g). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrated that only 02 out of 08 PCs showed eigen value greater than 1. The contribution of first two PCs in total variability was ...

Asmaa G. Mubarak1*, Mona M. Mustafa2, Mohamed W. Abdel-Azeem3, Dina N. Ali2 

...es. Epidemiologically, insignificant sex risk factor was statistically found in this study although Salmonella was more common in males (14.67%) than in females (8%) among food handlers and the opposite among hospitalized patients (4.76% and 10.34% in males and females, respectively). Salmonella infection was dominant in 20 < 35 and 35 < 50 age groups among food handlers and patients, respectively. Complete resistance of the obtained isolates was showed ...

Anguara Khatun1*, Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury1, Bibek Chandra Roy2, S.M. Shafikul Gani3, Bipul Chandra Ray1, Tanvir Ahmed1 

... Multi-strain probiotics significantly increased duodenum villi height, width and reduced crypt depth (p<0.01). The jejunum and ileum villi height and width were significantly increased in the multi-enzymes supplemented group but showed a reduction in crypt depth (p<0.01). Feeding multi-strain probiotics to broilers were more cost-effective. In conclusion, multi-strain probiotics and multi enzymes in diet enhances grow...

Saleem Ur Rahman1, Muhammad Irfan Yousaf1*, Mozammil Hussain2, Khadim Hussain1, Shahid Hussain1, Muhammad Husnain Bhatti1, Dilbar Hussain1, Aamir Ghani1, Abdul Razaq1, Muhammad Akram1, Iqra Ibrar1, Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad1, Shoaib Anwar Kohli3, Muhammad Abubakar Siddiq4

...er RCBD. Results reveled significant differences among stress indices for all three seasons and both conditions. Correlation analysis indicated that some high temperature stress indices i.e., STI, MP, GMP and HARM had a strong positive correlation with kernel yield under normal (Yp) and high temperature stress conditions (Ys). Biplot analysis further unveiled that two local maize hybrids i.e., YH-5507 and YH-5427 were the most productive, stable and heat toler...
Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado1,2*, Wu Zhengke1, Adanan Purba1, Chen Jiang1, Huiyi Cai1, Chen Guilan1 and Guohua Liu1*
...at LBGW, ADG and FCR was significantly (P<0.05) improved in AZO 0.25% and 0.50% than the control. Eviscerated (EV), breast muscle (BM) and leg muscle (LM) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the AZO 0.50% treated groups than control. Digestibility of DM, CP, AME, Ca and P digestibility significant (P<0.05) higher in AZO 0.25% and 0.50% dietary treatments. Moreover, jejunal amyla...

Mohammed Sirajul Islam1,2*, Nurhusien Yimer1*, Wahid Haron1 , Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1, Mark Hiew Wen Han1, Mamat-Hamidi Kamalludin3, Wan-Nor Fitri1, Ubedullah Kaka4, Abdul Quddus1,5 

...bsp;The results revealed significantly (p<0.05) greater body weight in KK × Brangus bulls (230.50±9.3 kg) as compared to the pure-bred KK bulls (204.5 ±13.2 kg) at 24 months of ages. KK bulls attained sexual maturity at an earlier age of 21.5±0.4 months, while KK × Brangus bulls attained at 28.8±0.5 months. The growth performance of KK × Brangus bulls was

Ho Shi Hui1, Eng-Keng Seow2, Nurul Huda1* 

...d treatment had caused a significant (p<0.05) change in pH, foaming capacity, and the folding test score of egg white gel. However, texture profile analysis showed that the hardness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness of egg white gel had decreased after ultrasound treatment. Ultrasound-treated duck egg white for 40 minutes showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher foaming capacity and improved folding test score. Resul...

Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1 and Juma Gul2

...riance (ANOVA) indicated significant (P < 0.05) differences in distribution of avian species among habitats. Results suggest that urban area fails to maintain high bird diversity than the adjacent agricultural area. The agricultural area showed the lowest proportion of exclusive species compared to urban area and water body, even though the heterogeneous aspects of the area favor local species richness.

...

Ghulam Abbas, Sultan Mahmood*, Ahsan ul Haq and Haq Nawaz

...on of sodium bicarbonate significantly (P<0.05) improved feed consumption, water intake, weight gain, egg production and feed efficiency of the birds. Addition of sodium bicarbonate significantly (P<0.05) increased egg weight, egg shell thickness and specific gravity of eggs produced by the birds. Yolk cholesterol was found to be the lowest in the eggs produced by the birds fed diets containing 1% NaHCO3. Whilst, pH of...

Yan Jiang1,2, Xia Tao3,4 and Hongxia Chen5,6*

...P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). To conclude, the application of rituximab-assisted prednisone and cyclophosphamide in the treatment of IMN can improve serum nephrin and BAFF levels, reduce clinical symptoms, improve renal function and curative effect, and reduce recurrence rate, and is safe.

...

Fang Zhao, Gen Wang, Xiaobin Li, Guodong Zhao, Hui Chen, Chen Ma and Kailun Yang*

...ration of 5-HT increased significantly in the sheep of CT + 222 group at 3, 4.5, 6, 8, and 12 h post feeding in the morning when compared with that at 0 h before feeding. The effect of RPT 5-HTP supplementation on the plasma MLT concentration was observed. The concentration of MLT increased (P < 0.05) from 1.5 to 6 h after feeding. In conclusion, RPT 5-HTP supplementation increased the plasma 5-HTP, 5-HT, and MLT concentrations in the sheep. However, the pl...

Syed Sikandar Habib1*, Saira Naz2, Sehar Khalid3, Rimsha Kanwal2, Iqra Ameer1, Sadia Nawaz1 Aamir Khan4, Abid Ur Rehman5, Muqaddas Kousar6, Shafa Ullah Khan7 and Nadia Nazir7

...nd ACH50 level, while no significant enhancement was observed in Ig. Beside this all the haematological parameters including WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct and differential leucocyte was observed higher in all the groups as compared to control group. It was concluded that 6% Agaricus bisporus can be use as immune-stimulant, and can help the farmers to overcome the emerging aquaculture problems.

...

Li Wei, Wei-wei Shao and Zhi-hua Lin*

...es of M. fissipes showed significant differences under treatment with three of the four pesticides (except for pymetrozine). Our results suggested that individual pesticides and their combinations exerted different effects on organisms and implied the existence of pesticide- and species-specific toxicity effects.

...

Shireen S. Aboelwafa¹, Alsagher O. Ali², Rania Hamada³, Hassan Y.A.H. Mahmoud2* 

Arkan B. Mohammed*, Ammar S. Abdulwahid, Samah M. Raouf 

...d conversion ration were significantly improved in both thyme treatments (T2 and T3). Also, the PCV (%) and the WBC count. However, there was no significant difference in the egg quality between the thyme-treated and control hens. The hens on thyme-supplemented diets were found to have lower serum cholesterol concentration than those of the control. Supplementing a laying hen’s diet with thyme ...

Arshad Ali Lashari1, Shakal Khan Korai1*, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani1, Khalid Hussain Qureshi1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1, Amir Khan Korai1 and Punhoon Khan Korai2*

...icated that, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the number of jassid, thrips, whitefly and aphid catches through different sticky traps in all mustard varieties. The experiment was conducted at the Oilseeds Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan during 2017-18 on the monitoring of sucking pest on mustard crop through different colours sticky traps.

...

Keiven Mark B. Ampode1*, Federico C. Mendoza2 

...ens fed with OP showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the final weight, body weight gain, voluntary feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. The cell-mediated immunity showed no significant difference (p>0.05) among treatment means. However, the results revealed that the immune organ indicators of broiler chickens fed with OP were higher than those birds without OP in the diet. On the other hand, the total expenses ...

Hongqun Li1,*, Liganag Xing1, Xiaoli Liu2, Yonglan Pu3, Yuqing Yang3 and Yongyao Fu1

..., respectively. The most significant factors were maximum temperature of hottest month, mean temperature of hottest quarter, altitude, annual mean temperature and minimum temperature of coldest month, with the thresholds 30.5~31.8°C, 27.5~28.7°C, ≤ 400 m, ≥ 17.5°C, and ≥ 2.3°C, respectively. Under the current conditions for the years 1950-2000, 9.22% of total areas, located in the central district of Chongqing, were identified as the s...

Tintin Rostini1*, Irwan Zakir1, Danang Biyatmoko2 

...3) supplementation had a significant performance by increasing consumption, dry matter digestibility, organic matter, crude protein, as well as neutral detergent (NDF), and acidic detergent fiber (ADF), average daily body weight gain, feed conversion, and blood metabolic profile (total protein, glucose, cholesterol, Ca and P). A mixture of yeast and curcuma supplementation from local feed-based rations significantly improved...

A.M. Abdul Azeem, Ashraf M. Mounir and Amr N. El-Shahat*

... dried pumpkin seeds was significantly increase under the effect of γ-irradiation (10 kGy). The results showed that glucose and testicular malondialdehyde serum level and the activity of xanthine oxidase were elevated (P < 0.05) with obvious reduction in the concentration of insulin, total thyroid hormones triiodothyronin and thyroxine, leutinizing hormone, testosterone and testicular antioxidant parameters (glutathione content , the activity of xanth...

Chunjie Song1, Shangquan Gan2 and Xiaoyun Shen1,3*

...ry groups were extremely significantly lower (P<0.01) than the control group, and the contents of potassium (K), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the 3 drug delivery groups were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of control group, but there were no remarkable differences between the 3 drug delivery groups. The serum catalase (CAT) activity in th...

Sadaf Shahid1, Abdul Razzaq2, Gul-Makai1, Asim Shamim3*, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan4, Rana Hamid Ali Nisar5, Qaiser Akram6, Mohsin Nawaz3 

...and and livestock play a significant part particularly to raise the living standard of poor farmer’s communities. Ectoparasites are one of the greatest dangers to livestock and among ectoparasites, ticks are the most common one. The current study was completed in district Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan to determine the tick infestation in different breeds of goat and sheep. A total of 840 animals were investigated during the winter and summer seasons to d...

Jiao Ma*

...of cardiac ischemia is a significant factor in the repair and enhancement of heart injury. This role of endogenic cardiac stem cells can be regulated by factors. Numerous causes, such as paracrine and autocrine factors, extracellular matrixes and genetic factors. In general, it is well known that these variables could have an appropriate role to improve the effectiveness of the treatment of heart lesions. The work of cytokines and growth factors has been found...

Amira Mahmoud Refaie1*, Marwa Hosni Abd El-Maged2, Hassan Abd El-Kriam Hassan Abd El-Halim2, Hanan Abd El-Rahman Hassan Alghonimy2, Sayed Ahmed Mohamed Shaban1 

... that egg production was significantly improved (P<0.01) in the 0.1% DPP group (Exp.1) whereas, all groups exhibited higher (P<0.05) egg production (Exp.2) comparing to normal control. All treated groups exhibited an enhancement (P<0.01) in yolk total cholesterol comparing to either normal or positive control groups (Exp.1 and Exp.2). Spleen percentage (Exp.1) and carcass percentage (Exp.2) was significantly improve...

Amjad Ali Channa1, Mansoor Tariq1*, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro2 

.... The HI test revealed a significant (P<0.01) difference in the seroprevalence of H9 virus (40.11%), H5 virus (16.88%) and H7 virus (6.25%) respectively. The mean antibody titer against H5, H7 and H9 virus was 4.87, 3.72, and 5.31 log2 respectively. AIV-ELISA revealed that overall prevalence of AIV viruses was 8.44% which was subtyped through RT-PCR that revealed the higher occurrence of H9 virus (5.33%) as compared to H7 (1.16%) and H5 (0.31%). However, th...

Zheng Tan*, Li Li, Yuxin Song, Meirong Tian and Fan Jia

... c-reactive protein were significantly higher in AMI group compared to UAP group, SAP group and the control group, p<0.05. The level of indicators in the UAP group was higher than that in the SAP group and the control group, p<0.05. Compared with the control group, all indicators in SAP group were significantly higher, p<0.05. The serum endothelin, brain natriuretic peptide and high sensitive c-reactive protein leve...

Kashifa Naghma Waheed*, Tariq Rashid, Sikender Hayat, Muhammad Azeem and Sajid Ali Naqvi

...nd out the statistically significant difference (p<0.01) between two treatments for their response to fish growth. The post-hoc test revealed that growth of Major carps was significantly higher with greenhouse as compared to without greenhouse (at p < 0.05). Growth and survival rate of Catla catla were found more pronounced as compared to the other two carps under greenhouse cover. The results facilitated the objective...

Guangming Xiang1, Ran Di1, Yaowu Wang1, Shangquan Gan2, Shouren Liu2, Xiangyu Wang1, Wenping Hu1, Qiuyue Liu1* and Mingxing Chu1*

...s in those two loci were significantly different between fat tail and thin tail breeds by chi-square test (P<0.05).

...
Johar Hussian1, Faiz Muhammad2, Shafqat Fatimah Rehmani3, Aqeel Ahmad4, Nazir Ahmad Lone4, Moomal Bughio5, Syed Khurram Freed1 and Shakeel Ahmed Khan4*
...nzyme were found to give significant HA titer up to 7 log2. During stability test antigen prepared by phospholipase C were found most stable up to six month by giving constant 7 log2 HA titer, while neuraminidase induced antigen were stable up to five months (7 log2). Trypsin treated antigen were readily lost its activity from 7 log2 to 2 log2 after two months of incubation. During specificity test all antigens showed specific effect on IBV by eliciting agglut...

Shaokun Lu1,2, Ronghua Li1,2*, Chunlin Wang1,2, Changkao Mu1,2 and Weiwei Song1

... loci were found deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Blast results give significant hits for nine confirmed SNP-associated sequences, some of these genes are associated with important immunological functions. These EST-derived SNP markers will be useful tools for fisheries management and conservation programme of P.trituberculatus.
...

Sherif Abdelghany1, Lynda Allouche2, Ahmed A. Abd El-Maksoud3, Ehab N. Daoud4, Saleh A. Kandeal1, Mohamed A. Radwan1* 

...gical parameters gave no significant differences between groups, except urea which recorded higher levels in the treatment group (34.6 vs. 30.6 mg/dl). SCC was significantly decreased by 52.5-56.3% compared with the control. Also, a significant enhancement of milk stability against overheating was recorded in the treatment group. The study proved that using potassium carbona...

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed*1, Ali Zachi Abdulqader Alhilfi2, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Imran Khatri1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano3, Qurban Ali4, Imran Ali Rajput5 and Muhammad Akbar Lashari1

...y;The insect age plays a significant role in the intensity of competitive behaviours among the individuals. The courtship behaviour of brown planthopper (BPH) is followed by numbers of strides by both genders and influenced with age. In the present study, the age of male for 1-7 days and female 1-10 days was selected to observe the different parameters {male response time (MRT), male arrival time (MAT), male arresting time (MATt), number of times male extended...

Fei Shang and Pengfei Liu*

...wed that male birds with significant longer bill and wing than female; breeding pairs assortative mated positively by culmen height, wing length, body mass and body condition. We argued that the body condition of greenfinches may be important in mutual mate choice. Male air courtship and incubation feeding behaviour provide evidence that female mate choice may be responsible for sexual dimorphism of bill size and wing length. Mutual mate choice and life histor...

Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Chinedu Ifeanyi Atama*, Fejiokwu Esther Chioma, Ifeanyi O Aguzie, Godwin I Ngwu and Christopher Didigwu Nwani

...rses and donkeys was not significant (χ2 = 4.190, df = 1, P = 0.060). This study revealed that helminthiases is one of the commonest ill-causing factors in donkeys and horses. It is therefore important that strategic treatment of equines be undertaken.

...

Serdar Eratak1, Metin Çabuk2,* and Ahmet Alcicek3

...c and isonitrogenous. No significant effects of the lentil byproduct inclusion level were observed on the mean total feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and body weight. Similarly, the relative weight of internal organs and carcass yield were not significantly affected by lentil byproducts’ inclusion levels. The results indicate that lentil byproducts might be included in the diet of growing quails up to a level of...

Tran Thi Bich Ngoc1,2, Ninh Thi Huyen1,2, Nguyen Cong Oanh2, Pham Kim Dang2* 

...n those fed CONT diet. A significant decrease in ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations were observed in diets with PROB or ORAC or PROR, with lower values for PROR diet. In conclusion, in grower-finisher pigs, dietary supplementation of either PROB or ORAC as a single product or their combination had improvements in performance parameters, nutrient digestibility, and fecal NH3 and H2S emissions compared with CONT diet. There were no differenc...

Esraa Yosry Abdel Halim1, Hamdy El-Essawy1, Abeer Abdel Nasser Awad1, Mona S. El-Kutry2, Lamiaa Ibrahim Ahmed1* 

... cheddar cheese with non-significant difference (p=0.408). Aerobic spore formers were recovered from in 50%, 66.67% and 86.67% of the tested samples with a significant difference between the mean count of milk powder and that of labneh and cheddar cheese (P> 0.05). 66.67% of milk powder samples were contaminated with coliforms, followed by cheddar cheese (43.33%) and labneh (23.33%), E. coli could be isolated from milk po...

Pham Tan Nha1*, Nguyen Thi Kim Dong2, Le Thu Thuy1 

...nd G0.4 treatments). The significantly higher daily weight gain, final live weight and the lower FCR were found for the G0.3 treatments (P<0.05). The ginger supplement in the diets of Tau Vang chicken improved the carcass, breast meat and thigh meat weights (P<0.05). The adding ginger into the diet the triglyceride and total cholesterol index in the blood of local chicken decreases, which is good for the health of chicken. Consumers using low triglycerid...

Masouras P.K.1, Nikolaou K.1,2, Laliotis G.P.1*, Koutsouli P.1, Bizelis I.1 

Abdul Haleem1*, Ghulam Hassan1, Arshad Iqbal2, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Sajid3, Farhad Ahmad4, Rafi Ullah Khan5 and Mohammad Ilyas2

...plant displayed positive significant varied from with spikelet’s spike-11(r = 0.43**), 100 grain weight (r=0.58**) and spike length (r = 0.62**). The F2 progenies, Pirsabak-05× Lalma-13, Khatakwal × Pirsabak-13, Atta Habib × Pirsabak-05 and Tatara-96 × Punjab-11 were found promising for most of the traits and thus could be recommended for exploitation in future wheat breeding program.
...

Altaf Mahmood1*, Muhammad Athar Khan2, Saima Parveen3, Tanveer Hussain4 and Ayesha Azad5

...blood specimens revealed significantly (p <0.05) decreased hematocrit, total red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, haemoglobin concentration and inorganic phosphorous level of serum whereas significantly (p < 0.05) decreased mean corpuscular haemoglobin, red cell distribution width, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, total white cell count, monocytes and lymphocytes. The level of serum calcium and gra...
Seble Mulugeta1 and Amenu Leta2*
...lding, and training were significant to adopt technologies. The multinomial model indicated that age, family size, land size holding, Income, livestock ownership, education, and training have significant to modern and mixed energy choicesin references to traditional energy. The study suggested that continues training and education are required to enhance households’ awareness concerning renewable energy sources.

...

Hera Gul Mohmmand1, Rozina Gul1, Hamayoon Khan2, Sheraz Ahmed1*, Laila Fayyaz1, Ajmalud Din1 and Imtiaz Ali1

...development. The P has a significant ecological and economic importance; therefore, its application is considered to maximize the yield of various crops, including chickpea. The current experiment was performed to assess the impact of phosphorus application on yield of 15 chickpea genotypes during the growing season of 2017-18 at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications under two treatments. O...
Zane Vincevica-Gaile1, Karina Stankevica1, Maris Klavins1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Damat Damat3*, Praptiningsih Gawawati Adinurani4, Lili Zalizar5, Muhammad Zul Mazwan6, Juris Burlakovs7
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi8,9, Rista Anggriani3 and Aamir Sohail10
 
 
...and may become a vitally significant assignment for future generations. The necessity for peat-free soil amendments is also directed by the targets of circular economy and environmental sustainability goals, leading to reducing or abandoning the use of fossil resources and paying attention to waste utilization as secondary raw material. This paper aims to discuss general features of peat-free soil amendments as well as provide efforts into the use of secondary...
Indah Prihartini1*, Miftachi Ari2, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum3,4, Akhis Soleh Ismail1 and  Listiari Hendraningsih1
... multiple range due to a significant difference. The treatments were rice straw added by probiotic level which consisted of (P0: 0 %; P1: 0.5 %; P2: 1.0 %; P3: 1.5 %). Also, the in-vitro gas production was observed at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h incubation period for digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis using the in-vitro method. The result showed that treatment significant...
Warkoyo Warkoyo1*, Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Anggit Ayu Pradana Siwi1, Moch. Wachid1, Ivar Zekker2 and Jumpen Onthong3
 
 
... The results indicated a significant interaction between the addition of glycerol and STPP to pH (8.12 to 8.83), thickness (0.11 mm to 0.20 mm), solubility (36.31 % to 64.44 %),
tensile strength (1.20 MPa to 1.91 MPa), transparency (2.88 A546 mm–1 to 3.83 A546 mm

Martha Echioda Ogbole*, James Agbo Ameh, Samuel Mailafia, Olatunde Hamza Olabode and Bridget Jessica Adah

...istribution of LF showed significant increase in number of cases with 152 (9.6%) confirmed cases recorded in 2016, 143 (19.51%) in 2017, a very high and steady increase was observed in 2018, 2019 and 2020 with confirmed cases at 633 (18%), 833(16%) and 1189 (17%) respectively. LF is endemic in Nigeria especially among both gender within 11 - 40 years of age within the rural settings characterized by sporadic outbreaks of the disease occurring mostly during the...

Shang Zhenda1,2*, Kong Qinghui1,4*, Li Jiakui1,4, Liu Suozhu1,2, Tan Zhankun1,2, Shang Peng1,3 and Wang Honghui1,2

...yak and domestic yak was significantly different. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and TM7 were the dominant phyla, and Micrococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Planococcaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Christensenellaceae, Coriobacteriaceae and Bacillaceae were the dominant families. Comparing the relative abundance of different levels of bacteria, a total of 78 bacteria significantly differed...

Oce Astuti1, La Sara2*, Muzuni3 and Safilu4

...= 0.05) was used to test significant differences of expected 1: 1 SR. It was 12 DC species had been identified which BSCs were found at the entire stations and all years round. It had high CC at each station ranging 21.561–79.176% which was found the highest at station A, while CC in each month ranging 43.023–71.898% which was mostly found in March and April. Its CC reached 60.589% of total catch. The CC of other dominant species of C. anisodon, C....

Yao Zou, Shien Ren, Miao Xu, Nannan Liang, Xuxin Zhang, Chongxuan Han and Xiaoning Nan

...so found that there were significant differences of linear measurements among four species. The results of cluster analysis showed that the four species of zokors divided into two branches, one including E. cansus and E. rothschildi, the other E. baileyi and M. aspalax. The results of principal component analysis showed that the variables that contribute to the first principal component were related to skull size, and the variables which contribute to the seco...

Abdul Jabbar*, Anees-Ul-Hussnain Shah, Abdul Basit, Ghulam Ahmad, Aftab Ahmad Khan, Suleman Raza, Muhammad Sultan Ali Bazmi, Imtiaz Akram Khan Niazi and Ahmad Hussain

...hat sowing methods had a significant outcome on seed yield. The results depicted that broadcast sowing gave maximum seed yield of 954 kg ha-1 while the lowest seed yield (789 kg ha-1) was recorded in 60 cm row spacing sowing. In nut shell, broadcast method had the highest potential to achieve maximum seed yield in berseem clover. Appropriate sowing method is one of the important components in production technology of any crop. In Pakistan, at farmer level, ber...

Juliet N. Ozioko1, Obinna V. Ayogu2, Benjamin O. Ezema1, Dilibe C. Uramah3 and Kingsley O. Omeje*,1

...e transaminase showed no significant changes in their serum activity. Similarly, superoxide dismutase and catalase showed no significant increase after the period of study.

...

Fujun Miao1, Chunlan Shan2, Wei Yang3, Hao Wang3, Shuxiang Geng1 and Delu Ning1*

...sitive group (PC) groups significantly decreased, and the lesions of ethanol-induced liver injury were relieved compared with the ethanol (ETH) group. Walnut oil significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver of ALD. Walnut oil exerted the anti-inflammatory effects in the liver of ALD by decreasing the liver index, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and the ...
Dyah Roeswitawati1*, Iva Kristova1, Muhidin Muhidin1, Otto Endarto2, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum3,4, Irum Iqrar5,6 and Luqman Ali Shah7
 
...sticide treatment showed significant differences in the persistence of imago red mite. Papaya leaf pesticide treatment of a concentration of 15 % was effective in suppressing imago red mite 80 %. The 10 % concentration of chrysanth leaf pesticide was effectively suppressing the imago red mite 80 %. Soursop leaf pesticide treatment of a concentration of 5 % was effective in suppressing imago red mite 82 %.
...

Nour El-Hoda Khayrat Hammad1*, Yousef Y. El-Seady3, Azza E. Hassan1, Sara T. Elazab2, Magdy S. Amer2 

... in abnormal sperm % and significant decrease in serum testosterone hormonal levels and spermatozoa (viability and motility) which accompanied by some histopathological damage in testes and epididymis. On a molecular basis, mRNA expression of CYP17A1 and LHR genes were significantly reduced in testicular tissues of FCZ group while aromatase gene was elevated. The administration of LIN oil after FCZ treatment markedly improve...

Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Muhammad Umar1, Amir Manzoor1, Obaidullah Shafique1, Bashir Ahmad Khan2 and Ijaz Ahmed3

...f prevailing weeds which significantly increased the wheat yield. So, twice application of Starane M, Ally Max, Buctril Super and Clean Wave herbicides is recommended to improve the productivity of wheat along with efficient control of weed seed bank and weed flora in wheat under rain-fed conditions of Pothwar Region of Pakistan.
...

Sajad Ali Solangi1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano1*, Rehana Naz Syed1, Sohail Ahmed Otho2, Khadim Hussain Wagan1, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed2, Fahad Nazir Khoso2, Aftab Raza Jarwar3 and Suman Tarique Qazi1

...iteflies). There was non-significant relationship of vector insect with both incidence as well severity of tomato leaf curl disease, r2= 0.07068, P= 0.8272 and r2= 0.2869, P= 0.3660, respectively. Based on the results, it is concluded that the minimum incidence and severity of tomato leaf curl disease was recorded in variety Advanta-1211, Lima and T-1359. In rabi season the disease intensity was lower as compare to kharif season. Therefore, it is suggested tha...

Lungile Gumede1,2, Thobela L. Tyasi1, Teedzai Chitura1*, Khanyisile R. Mbatha3 

...ular volume (MCV) showed significant differences (p<0.05) amongst the 11 blood profiles observed in this study. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in body weight gain (BWG), growth rate (GR) and metabolic weight gain (MWG). No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed for feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Results of the present study suggest that M. o...

Noura El-Shahat Attia1*, Abd El-Khalek Ramadan El-Sheikh1, Mohamed Omia Siam2 

...spiration rates were not significantly differed between the two groups. Packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrothetic count (TEC), white blood cells (WBCs), serum glucose, total proteins and serum Zn were significantly decreased. Moreover, while copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) were significantly increased (p<0.05). All diseased dogs were treated with Zn sulphate @10mg/kg orally and daily for ...

Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Sumayya Amin1, Muhammad Salim1*, Taufiq Nawaz2 and Farida Anjum3

...wed that Imidacloprid is significantly better against tomato fruit worm by reducing the fruit infestation, resulted in lowest percent concentration of pesticide residue on tested tomato fruits as compared to Lamda cyhalothrin and Cypermethrin. Based on the results of the current study Imidacloprid is recommended in the IPM as safe pesticides against tomato fruit worm in tomato crop. 

...

Dabeeran Zehra1, Zahida Memon1, Shumaila Usman2,*, Almas Jabeen3, Kauser Ismail1 and Rehan Ahmed Siddiqui2

...tosis were found to be insignificant.

...

Neda Amani1, Mehrdad Shariati1, Rahim Ahmadi2,3*, Mokhtar Mokhtari1 and Saeed Khatamsaz1

...sterone enanthate led to significant increase in gene expression and activity level of caspase-3 and -9, but no significant change in iNOS, MMP9 and caspase-8 expression level. MMP9 expression level significantly decreased in HCT cells, however, did not change in AGS cells exposed to cytotoxic dose of testosterone enanthate. Treatment of HCT and AGS cells with testosterone enanthate induce...

Saima Parveen1, Altaf Mahmood2*, Ayesha Azad3, Sajid Umar4, Nosheen Shoukat6, Mirza Muhammad Arsalan Azam5, Qurat-Ul-Ain5 and Nausheen Akhtar Malik1

... of livestock due to its significant contribution in white meat production. Infectious disease outbreaks adversely influence the production potential and consequently cause economic losses. Epidemiological data regarding magnitude of these disease outbreaks is of fundamental importance for planning of a comprehensive control strategy. With retrospective design, this study was conducted from January 2013 through December 2017 in order to assess the disease burd...

Javed Khan1, Abdul Majid1, Mohammad Nisar2*, Ali Hazrat2, Nausheen Nazir3, Muhammad Zahoor3, Mohammad Ihsan2, Azhar Hussain Shah1, Muhamad Ajmal Khan4 and Muhammad Yahya1

...nut, and catkin size). A significant level of variations was observed in the size of the leaf (10.22%), petiole (24.84%), catkin (9.19%), and nut (3.08%). There is a significant correlation between petiole size and leaf size, which is an important nutritional parameter that could be used successfully in future breeding programs. Based on cluster analysis all the genotypes were divided into two main lineages; lineage A which ...

Hung Van Mai1, Tuan Duc Nguyen2, Nang Thu Tran Thi3 and Hung Phuc Nguyen4*

...vity, and lipid ADC were significantly higher in the FSBM1D and FSBM3D groups than the SBMD group (P < 0.05). These parameters tended to increase in the FSBM2D group as compared to the SBMD group, although the differences were not significant. All the FSBM dietary groups had significantly lower tissue lipid contents, gallbladder and intestinal total BA concentrations, intestinal lipase ...

Muhammad Niamatullah1, Abdur Rehman1* and Raheel Saqib2

...inputs used on land. The significant (P<0.05) impact of household annual income of farmers was observed on agriculture production. The significant (P<0.01) impact of household annual income of farmers had kept farming community above poverty line and the significant (P<0.05) relationships noticed between kinds of land and sources of irrigation, which in turn inducing farmers to be...

Wafaa M.A. Ghoneem, Reham R. El-Tanany and Adel E.M. Mahmoud*

...showed that there were insignificant (P<0.05) differences among groups in the digestion coefficients (%) of dry matter, crude fiber, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, and feeding value expressed as digestible crude protein. And there were insignificant (P<0.05) differences between G1 and G2 in the digestibility (%) of OM, CP, ADF, and TDN values. While the highest nutrients digestibility and nutritive value were re...

Neelam Saba and Saba Irshad*

...nating factor (88.5%). A significant correlation was observed between etiology and laterality (p=.023) of congenital cataract. Among 97 bilateral cases 67.01 % parents were cousins (p=.008). Most commonly observed anomalies associated with congenital cataract were leukocoria and strabismus, later showing 73.33% association with unilateral cataract. Study revealed that consanguineous marriages are a risk factor for bilateral congenital cataract. Late age of pre...
Anjum Ara1, Usman Ali1, Muhammad Furqan2*, Zulfiqar Ali2
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmed4
Riaz Aziz Minhas4, Waqar Ahmed2, Zakir Hussain2 and Mian Aman Ullah2
...the rare (6.74%). Highly significant difference (df=3, p=0.00) was noted among turtle species. Maximum population density (16.67 turtle/km2) recorded in Mirpur zone followed by Chakswari (12 turtle/km2) and minimum population density was recorded at Dadhyal zone (7.17 turtle/km2). Most favorite altitudinal level was 300 m and below with the highest population density of 16.8 turtle/km2 whereas lowest population density of 6.12 turtle/km2 was recorded in Class ...

Mukhlisi Mukhlisi1,*, Tri Sayektiningsih2 and Ishak Yassir1

...evealed that there was a significant difference in diversity index between coastal and hill karst (T = 2.016, p = 0.039). Birds characterized by a wide range of distribution and were able to adapt to various types of environments, particularly secondary forests, were most dominant. Nevertheless, the karst forests of Teluk Sumbang were also essential habitat for threatened and protected bird species.

...

Sozan A.A. Ismaeil1*, Hassan Emam2 

... it and habit of feeding significantly affected the gross and histological structure of the liver.

Keywords | Cattle egret, Histology, Liver, Morphology, Pigeon 

...

Riaz Shah1*, Shaikha Hilal Al Ismaili2, Sheikha S. Al-Siaby1, Amal Mohammed Al Nasiri2, Thuraiya Hafidh Al Maskari2, Jamal AlSabahi3 and Huda Al-Ruqaishi3

Junaid Ahmad1*, Shazma Anwar1, Anwar Ali Shad2, Sher Shah Souri1, Bibi Amina3, Wajia Noor4, Abidullah1 and Muhammad Adil1

...kg ha-1 to mungbean crop significantly improved pods plant-1 (29), seeds pod-1 (11), thousand seeds mass (38 g), biological and grain production (2960 and 777 kg ha-1) while highest nodules plant-1 (26), plant height (79 cm), protein (21.70 %), carbohydrates (60.53 %) and seed N content (3.76) was recorded with molybdenum applied at rate of 2.5 kg ha-1. Similarly in case of phosphorus application at rate of 60 kg ha-1 recorded maximum pods (30), seed pod-1 (11...

Muhammad Shoaib1*, Muhammad Nawaz2, Muhammad Ilyas3, Muhammad Shafique1, Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Muhammad Sultan Ali Bazmi4, Muhammad Arshad5, Ghulam Ahmad4, Muhammad Irfan6, Muhammad Umer Chattha1 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

...ous seed sizes and rates significantly affected performance of wheat crop. For seed sizes maximum LAI, CGR, plant height (94.32 cm) productive tillers (PT) (364 m-2), thousand grain weight (TGW) (42.67 g), biological yield (BY) (10.61 t ha-1), grain yield (GY) (4.49 t ha-1) and harvest index (HI) (41.94%) was obtained with 150 kg ha-1 seeding rate and lowest LAI, CGR, height (88.65 cm) PT (283.11 m-2), TGW (38.30 g), BY (9.57 t ha-1), GY (3.66 t ha-1) and HI (...

Shoaib Hameed1, Shakeel Ahmad1, Jaffar Ud Din2 and Muhammad Ali Nawaz3*

...Their range has shrunken significantly in the past century and they currently live in small and isolated populations. Most of their range has not been surveyed; hence information on their distribution is largely based on anecdotal information and expert judgments. The present study investigated the species’ current distribution in the Hindu Kush Range in Pakistan, gathering information on human-brown bear conflict along with other large carnivore species...

Amir Z. Allam, Hayam A. Mansour, Nermeen M.L. Malak, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem* 

... O oleoresins caused non-significant reductions in all investigated bacterial counts. Among the treated groups (T, CL, or O alone), it was found that O oleoresin achieved the highest reduction rate, followed by CL while the least reduction rate was recorded in samples treated with T. Therefore, addition of O into the mixture of T-O, O-CL, or T-O-CL improved their antibacterial activity. Furthermore, treatment of chicken patties with TCL, TO, OCL, as well as TO...
Dalia Khatun1, Md. Yeamin Hossain1,2*, Md. Firose Hossain3, Zannatul Mawa1, Md. Ataur Rahman1, Md. Rabiul Hasan1, Md. Akhtarul Islam1, Md. Ashekur Rahman1, Habib Ul Hassan4 and Sadicun Nahar Sikha1
...es River. The WR was not significantly different from 100 for males (P = 0.6137) and females (P = 0.6185), indicating that habitat was still in good condition. The a3.0 were 0.0067 and 0.0050 whereas Lm was 3.14 and 3.32 cm for males and females, respectively. Also, MW was 2.55 and 2.50 year-1, respectively in the Ganges River. In addition, this study estimates the a3.0, Lm and MW from other water-bodies using the available literature. Finally, these findings ...

Muhammad Tahir Jan1, Sarfraz Ali Shad2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3 and Muhammad Binyameen2,*

...orrelation showed that a significant and positive relationship (association) existed between the number of infested plants or plant parts and number of eggs laid. In every week, an average of 6.1±1.2 plants were infested with13.6±2.7 eggs in 2011 and 5.5±1.1 plants with 12.9±2.2 eggs in 2012. Four and three peak egg-laying periods were observed in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Taylor’s power law of regression showed an aggregat...

Bikash Puri1, Anil K. Tiwary2, Bharata Regmi3,4, Dinesh K. Singh1, Doj R. Khanal5 and Manoj K. Shah3*

...TV seropositivity varied significantly (p<0.001) among ruminants in different sampling areas with the highest prevalence in Gokuleshwor (66.6%). Interestingly, the BTV was detected higher (p<0.01) in females (48.36%) and older ruminants (49.12%). The seroprevalence of BTV showed a significant association (p<0.01) with vector density and resulted in 46.5% of seropositivity. It was concluded that bluetongue disease ex...

Shumaila Nazir1, Iqbal Javed1, Muhammad Luqman2* and Azra3

...ange rate, distance were significant and negatively influenced on both equations; while, the population and exchange rate of importing countries, and domestic production has a positive and significant effect. It is suggested that Pakistan should concentrate more on economies with a large population as a Kinnow commodity importing nation. Stable exchange rates include the involvement of strong government pricing policies to m...

Syed Haseeb Ahmed Shah, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Abdul Samad, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Sumaira Fazal, Niamatullah Kakar, Sabeera Afzal and Asadullah

...ealed that there was non-significant difference (P>0.05) among treatment groups in feed intake and relative visceral organ weight. Whereas, a significant difference between control and AGPs supplemented groups (solely or combination) were noted in weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily weight gain (ADWG). Use of AGPs in combinations of OXY-1.0+TP-0.5, OXY-2.0+TP-1.0, OXY-2.0+TP-0.5, OXY-1.0+TP-1.0...

Nafisa Shoaib* and Aisha Majid Ali

... mussel groups increased significantly (p< 0.05) until the end of the exposure period as compare to control. The highest MN frequencies were recorded after cypermethrin exposure on day 12 (7, 8.5 and 11‰ for 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm and 1.5 ppm concentrations respectively) in haemolymph. However the lowest MN frequencies were recorded after buctril exposure (3.5, 3.5 and 5‰ for 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm and 1.5 ppm concentrations, respectively) in haemolymph. The ...

Hong Yin*, Dan Yang, Ji-Jie Liu, Jing-Wei Ding and Dan-Dan Cui

...β-CM-7 in aged mice significantly increased the triglyceride (TG) level with decreasing high density lipoprotein (HDL) level in serum. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were significantly increased in liver tissues with β-CM-7 treated. β-CM-7 decreased the fatty acid synthase (FAS) level significantly. The...

Mirza Lena1,2, Dinda Fathia Syahramadani2, Alfi Nurrachma Gustya2, Arif Darmawan2,3, Sumiati2, Wiwin Winarsih4, Minoru Maeda5, Komang Gede Wiryawan2*  

...s. All treatments had no significant effect on broiler performance in starter, grower, cumulative periods, as well as E. coli and lactic acid bacteria populations. The combination of L. lactis and B. licheniformis improved (p < 0.05) villus height. The highest villi surface, true metabolizable energy (TME) value (p < 0.05) were recorded in the L. lactis group. In conclusion, the combination of L. lactis D1813 and B. licheniformis D3270 increases feed eff...

Hafiz Adnan Ahmad1,2*, Muhammad Aslam2, Salman Gul2, Tariq Mehmood2 and Munawar Ali Munawar2

...synthesized hybrids have significant anti-inflammatory potential and might be played an important role to the development of more potent anti-inflammation agents in future. 

...

Ayman M. Khalifah1*, Walaa A. Kashyout1, Sara A. Abdalla2, Hassan S. Zeweil3, Soliman M. Zahran3, Tarek A. Ebeid4, Waleed M. Dosoky3 

...ed fatty acids (UFA) and significantly suppresses the concentricity of saturated fatty acids (SFA) compared to birds fed BD. Likewise, dietary Cr-Met supplementation improves blood traits, including a lipid profile, kidney functions, and antioxidant profile of laying quails. In conclusion, Cr-Met supplementation to laying quails diets at 0.4 and 0.6 g Cr-Met/kg under HS enhances performance traits, yolk lipid Profile, and blood traits of quails.

Keywor...

 Mian Abdul Hafeez1*, Adeel Sattar2, Faiza Aslam3, Muhammad Imran3, Kamran Ashraf1, Rashid Zia2 and M. Muntazir Mehdi1
...st growth performance, a significant reduction in oocysts count and reduction in lymphoid organ body weight ratio was observed in groups B as compared to groups A and C. This study suggested protective, therapeutic as well as a synergistic effect of Ibuprofen with clopidol in chicken coccidiosis.

...

A.H. Alqhtani1, A.S. Alharthi1, N.J. Siddiqi2, S. Zargar2 and A.M. Abudabos1*

...sphatase (ALP) showed no significant differences between the groups. Thus, it can be concluded that probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic in feed may cause some degree of liver damage as indicated by the release of AST and ALT in the serum.

...

Mensah Gertrude Dzifa1, Christian Larbi Ayisi2,* and Elliot Haruna Alhassan1

...and specific growth rate significantly. The highest final mean weight (8.09±0.37g) was recorded in fish fed SNM 25 whilst the least (5.71±0.54g) was recorded in fish fed SNM 50. SGR (%) was significantly different amongst the three experimental diets (p<0.05). Feed conversion ratio was significantly different amongst treatment (p<0.05) and ranged between 1.33 (SNM25) an...
Heba Mohamed Shaheen1, Ali Meawad Ahmed1*, Hosny Abdelltief Abdelrahman1, Rania Helmy Abohatab Abdou2, Aya Salama Mohamed Kamel1
..., TTC, CTC, and DOC were significantly reduced (P>0.05) to 18.71, 8.70, 10.45, and 23.15µg/Kg respectively, with reduction parentage of 87%, 89%, 88% and 86% respectively. The results of the study emphasis that TCS resides still problems in the broilers meat traded at Ismailia City, Egypt. Cooking by simmering is the best method guarantee consumers almost safe of broiler chicken meat.
Ghada Mohamed Safwat1*, Mohamed Ahmed Kandiel1, Omayma A.R. Abozaid2, Mahmoud Mohamed Arafa3, Sahar Omar Mohamed4
...olive cake (7%) led to a significant increase in serum and egg yolk HDL-C and a significant decrease in TAG, cholesterol, LDL-C and VLDL concentrations. SOD, GSH and TAC concentrations were significantly increased in serum and egg yolk in olive cake group, while MDA and NO were significantly decreased. Hens fed 7% olive cake recorded a

Naima Din1, Misbah Ashraf1, Muhammad Rizwan2*, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal4, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas2, Farrukh Ilahi2, Amir Hameed5, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub6, Qurban Ali1 and Muhammad Farooq2,3

...tans population showed a significant and positive correlation (r = 0.8573*) with area of leaf lamina and moisture percentage (r = +0.7192*). As leaf area of NS-810 (184.34 cm2) was larger; therefore, this variety showed maximum susceptibility to A. devastans while OK Advanta-803 showed minimum A. devastans population per leaf due to its smaller leaf area (91.04 cm2) compared to other varieties. Similarly, A. devastans population was maximum in NS-810 due to it...

Omer Eyuboglu

... Sea, which has incurred significant losses in biodiversity due to the increasing eutrophication and various pollution related problems, have surfaced significantly and provided a considerably suitable environment to invasive NIS. In this study, measures and legal gaps are evaluated to reduce and control the entry and spread of NIS into the marine environment.

...

Nan Jiang, Tong Liu, Jimin Liu and Guobin Tang*

...nt effective rate of was significantly higher in the experimental group (94.44%), p<0.05. The improvement degree of pulmonary function in the experimental group was more significant than that in the control group, p<0.05. Observing asthma symptom scores of the patients in the two groups, it was found that the asthma symptom scores of the experimental group were significantly lower 2 ...

Mudassir Safdar, Aurang Zeb, Sidra Khalid, Shahid Bashir, Riffat Mehboob* and Muhammad Imran

...ong hostel girls reduced significantly and Hb levels improved after consuming iron fortified chapatti for 120 days.

...
Ranjhan Junejo1*, Shahabuddin Memon1, Muhammad Usman Shar2, Ayaz Ali Memon1 and Fakhar-un-Nisa Memon3
...gher trap density has no significant difference. Moreover, the darker color traps catch a significant higher number of weevils as compared to white or light-colored bucket traps.

...
Soliman Mohammed Soliman
...additives had a positive significant effect on the reduction of methane production. Moreover, green seaweed and yucca reduced total gas and methane production significantly more than the probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dietary supplements with probiotics or seaweed recorded a significant increase in short-chain fatty acid, in-vitro dry matter digestibility, and ...
Mohamed Ali Zayed
...aits. Both groups showed significant (P<0.05) differences in average daily gain, pre-slaughter weight, empty body weight, hot carcass weight, total fat, edible parts, and non-edible parts. Where the average daily gain increased by 50.68 % for lambs that drank fresh water group compared with those kept on saline water group. On the other hand, there no significant differences between two groups were observed on dressing pe...

Nuzhat Naseem, Sajid Abdullah and Sana Aziz*

...ude ash, protein and fat significantly in proximate composition of whole-body of the fish and hence, improved the meat quality of Labeo rohita fingerlings.

...

Sajjad Khan*, Naila Chand, Abdul Hafeez, Nazir Ahmad 

...ementation of GA at 1.5% significantly (P<0.05) improved feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) while no effect on livability of broiler chickens. High level (1.5%) of GA significantly (P<0.05) increased the relative weight of heart, liver and gizzard while no significant effect was observed on pancreas and lymphoid or...

El-Kholy KH1, Tag El-Din H1, Tawfeek FA2, Sara HM Hassab1* 

...ealed that SLAE addition significantly (P<0.05) increased T3 hormone and FSH hormone levels, and T3/T4 ratio in compared to control group. The highest concentrations of these values were observed in dose 7.5 ml SLAE/kg diet. Also, SLAE addition result a dose-dependent decrease (P<0.05) in ACTH levels in laying hens. The treatment did not affect T4 and LH hormones (p=0.1470 and 0.2764, respectively). Regarding reproductive traits, the treatment increased...

Fatma Desouki Mohammed Abdallah

... of sphericity is highly significant (P = 0.000 **) for the three lines. Three principle components were able to explain 82.193% (53.927, 15.188, 13.078 for PC1, PC2, PC3 respectively) of the total variance in the eight variables of the high body weight line, two principle components were able to explain 76.429 % (62.504% and 13.925% for PC1 and PC2, respectively) of the total variance in the eight variables of the low body weight line and three principle comp...

Mohamed Attia Ahmed Awad1*, Obaida Abdel Kareem Almasri2, Mohamed Abd El-Aziz Mohamed Ibrahim1, Rabie Ragab Sadek1, Samy Abou-Bakr1

...”, PMY, and PW was significant (P < 0.01). Season of calving affected significantly only on PMY and P % (P < 0.05). The effect of the period of calving was significant on all studied traits. It could be concluded that Wood’s incomplete gamma function was adequate to characterize the shape of the lactation curve for Shami cows and the shape of the lactation curve of Syrian...

Muhammad Salman*, Muhammad Hamayoon Khan, Muhammad Zahid, Gul Zamin Khan, Fazli Rahim and Usman Khalique

...ological parameters were significantly affected by the tested host except sex ratio. However, banana was found the most preferred host with maximum number of pupae recovery (298 ), maximum emerged flies (185) followed by persimmon, apple whereas tomato was least preferred host with lowest number of pupae (06) and flies emerged (05) respectively. Thus, it is concluded that banana fruit can be used as natural host for rearing of B. zonata in the laboratory due t...

Hassan Ali1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1* and Muhammad Imran Hamid2

...nst T. granarium causing significantly higher larval mortality (35 – 40%) than other botanical treatments. Similarly, the highest concentration (15%) of C. reticulata extract exhibited maximum repellency (88%) of larvae, followed by Datura stramonium (84%) and Azadirachta indica (79%) at 24 h post-exposure. Regarding bioassays with microbial insecticides, maximum mean mortality of larvae (i.e. 42.6 and 46.1%) were exhibited by the highest concentration o...

Hazel Tamakan* and Huban Gocmen

...ound to be statistically significant (χ²= 90.013, p<0.0001). As in MRSA, the increasing presence of both S. pseudintermedius and methicillin resistance has started to become a global problem, and with this study, awareness will be raised in both patient owners and veterinary clinics so that they can take the necessary precautions.

...

Sonali Menamvar1,2,3, Kirubakaran Vinod Kumar1, Veeregowda Muniveerappa Belamaranahally2, Yella Narasimha Reddy3, Rathnamma Doddamane2, Shrikrishna Isloor2, Ramesh Poojari Thimmaiah2, Gurrappanaidu Govindaraj1, Bibek Ranjan Shome1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan1* 

...animal (p=0.0001) as the significant risk factors. The predominantly observed reacted serovars were Icterohemorrhagiae (31.8%), Hebdomadis (27.3%), Bangkinang (22.7%), Australis (18.2%), Djasiman, Hurstbridge, Panama, and Pyrogenes (13.6%). Further, studies are required to identify the appropriate farm level/animals level risk factors associated with bovine leptospirosis using large-scale sampling with a refined survey instrument tool.

Keywords | Bovin...

Zulu Blantina Fangele, Tyasi Thobela Louis, Gunya Busisiwe* 

...digenous chickens play a significant role in improving livelihoods, and strategies to preserve and sustain them must be intensified. However, it has been well established that citric acid can acidify the gastrointestinal tract of the chicken which improve the feed intake, furthermore, they improve the growth performance of the chicken including the body weight gain and body linear measurements.

Keywords | Organic acid, Nutrition, Performance, Productio...

Asmaa Sh. Fayed1*, Safaa M. Abo El-Soud2 

...age. GA/ zein wax sheets significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the abundance levels of total bacteria, and psychrotrophic bacteria, as well as pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), especially for 4% GA/ zein wax film. The coatings resulted in the prolongation of the shelf life of meat chunks. The shelf lives of the control, the 2%, and the 4% GA-coated meats were 7, 9, and 11days, respectively. Coated meats had higher overall s...

Rafiqul Islam1, Nasrin Sultana1*, Md. Abu Hadi Noor Ali Khan2 

...DEX treated broilers had significantly higher serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the control broilers. In the gross morphologic and morphometric examination, the DEX supplemented groups showed varying degrees of congestion and significant decrease in all parameters of heart. The histomorphological examination showed myofibrillar degeneration and vacuolation in the DEX groups with an extensive degree at days 21 a...

Mohamed Saeed M. Hassan¹, Hitham Abdel-Saeed1*, Kawkab Abd El Aziz Ahmed2, Ossama Mohamed Abdou1 

...ematocrit (HCT) revealed significant (P≤0.001) decrease in all diseased sub-groups compared with apparently healthy group. Serum biochemical parameters showed significant increase in alanine amino transferase (ALT) level in sub-groups 1and 4 (P≤0.001), sub-group 2 (P≤0.01), and sub-group 3 (P≤0.05). Aspartate amino transferase (AST) level showed significant increase in sub-grou...

Halidou Maiga Nafissatou1*, Abdou Moussa Mahaman Maâouia2, Moumouni Issa1, Marichatou Hamani1 

...the 75%, 50% and 25%) is significantly different from those of the Azawak (41.57 ± 6.76 months). The age at fertilization of crossbred cows was 21.38 months compared to 32.57 months for Azawak cows. The calving interval was 17.85 ± 3.60 months and 18.50 ± 5.26 months for crossbred and Azawak cows, with no significant difference. It clearly appears that the crossbred cows grow better and start breeding ea...

Heba El-Zahar*, Zeinab Abd El-Rahman, Abbas El-Naggar 

...ogical analysis revealed significant variations (p<0.05) in total leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and mean platelet volume and significant variation (p<0.01) in neutrophils and platelet count. The biochemical analysis revealed a significant rise in serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase (p<0.05), and blood urea nitrogen, blood creatinine, lipase and alkaline phosphatase (p<0...

Naila Shahzadi1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Shaukat Ali1, Muhammad Farooq Bhatti2, Azizullah1, Shafaat Yar Khan3, Abdul Khaliq4

...nd and 3rd instars etc.) significantly influences the status of the resulting larva, pupae, adult and fiber. For this purpose, sericulture productivity has been impressively modulated by fertilizing the silkworm’s diet with natural food supplements or exogenous nutrients like Amway protein, honey, bovine milk, sericin, probiotics (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, Lactobacillus casei, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Spiru...

Muhammad Rizwan, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Arshad

...uary. A positive but non-significant (P > 0.05) correlation of maximum and minimum temperature was observed with the nymphal population, while relative humidity showed negative but significant (P < 0.05) correlation. In case of mealybug adults, temperature had a positive and significant (P < 0.05) correlation, while relative humidity showed a negative and ...

Nora Faten Afifah Mohamad1, Hassan Haji Mohd Daud1, Ruhil Hayati Hamdan2, Sharifah Raina Manaf3, Ain Auzureen Mat Zin2, Nik Nur Fazlina Nik Mohd Fauzi2

...id (SFA) composition was significantly higher (p<0.05) in C. macrocephalus (48.21 ± 5.11) as compared C. gariepinus (32.15 ± 1.23) and hybrid CMxCG (37.70±0.35). Total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFAs) composition of C. macrocephalus, C. gariepinus, and hybrid CMxCG was 32.14 ± 5.86, 45.24 ± 3.21, and 30.89 ±0.80, respectively, where palmitoleic (C16:1) and oleic (C18: 1n-9) acids were the dominating MUFAs. The hig...

Mohamed Abd El-Fattah Abo-Farw1, Maged Ahmed Aboul-Omran1, Abdel-Khalek El-Sayed Abdel-Khalek2* 

...0.064 mmol/ml). Mastitis significantly decreased serum concentration of progesterone (P4), estrogen (E2), thyroxin (T4), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) by about 24.05, 13.80, 5.36, 2.50, and 3.44%, respectively, while triiodothyronine (T3) concentration showed non-significant decrease by about 3.77%. Mastitis incidence at early postpartum in lactating Egyptian buffaloes delayed the resumption of estrous and ovarian activity an...

Muhammad Hanif Khan1, Syed Muhammad Suhail2, Hayaz uddin1, Aitbar Khan3, Rashid Ahmed Magsi3, Rajwali Khan2*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Asim Ijaz2 and Khalid Khan2

...ure (YC) supplementation significantly (p<0.001) increased the average daily milk yield. The highest milk yield 10.84±1.17 kg/day was recorded for cows fed with 40g YC. Cows on 20 g YC ration produced higher milk fat 3.77±0.84% (P<0.05). Cows on 40 g yeast culture ration produced higher milk protein (3.43±0.04%). Higher (P<0.05) total milk solid not fat (SNF) content was recorded for animals fed with 20g yeast culture ration. Dail...
Ilvir Khabibullin1*, Ruzel Khabibullin1, Irina Mironova1, Lyalya Musina2, Elmira Akhmadullina1, Victoria Morozova1 
...mental group animals was significantly longer. The animals receiving pantocrine turned to be stronger. Their interval time increased by 267 seconds (Р≤0.05) while the swim time of animals consuming may chang rose by 96 seconds (Р≤0.05) compared to the control. Male hamsters consuming lemongrass tincture showed the maximum efficiency, exceeding the control by 21.3 minutes (P≤0.001), animals receiving drone brood overran by 0.5 minutes (Р≤0.01). H...
Hanan A. Abo-State*, Mosaad M. El-Monairy, Yasser A. Hamouda, Hussein M.A. Hassan
... the other groups had no significant differences among them. No significant difference was detected among all treatments in whole body composition. From these results it could be concluded that using PSO up to 75% from the ordinary source of vegetable oil in Nile tilapia fish diets enhances growth performance and feed utilization and without negative effect on whole body composition which may lead to improve fish production....

Fan Da1,3, Zheng-Yong Wen1,2*, Xiao-Dong Wang4 and Yu Luo5

... liver. Two-week fasting significantly decreased while refeeding dramatically increased the hepatic pvucp2 transcriptions. These findings suggested that fish UCP2 proteins are highly conserved and they might play important roles in maintaining energy homeostasis and reducing reactive oxygen species.

...

Moh Zali*, Nur Ihsan, Bambang Ali Nugroho, Kuswati, Umi Wisaptiningsih Suwandi, Riszqina, Suyadi

...estock is positively and significantly associated with cattle business activities. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
 
Keywords | Cattle breeders, Sonok, Livestock business activities, Demography of breeders, Pamekasan
...

Safaa M. Barghash1*, Amani A. Hafez2

.... evansi infection has a significant influence on the performance of rats, and antibody responses against both vaccines were significantly reduced in T. evansi-infected groups compared to controls and others did not contain T. evansi. It was accompanied by significant elevations levels in total leukocytic counts, urea, ALT, AST, ALP, and the total protein compared to control values. T. eva...
El-Kholy, K.H.1*, Tag El-Din H.1, Seham N.E. Seleem1, A.M. El-Shhat2
..., such interactions were significant for hatchability and Tona Score. The highest values of leg length and duckling body weight/duckling length ratio produced from eggs dipped in nutritive solution were recorded at 17 and 31 d of embryonic ages, respectively. According to the results, it can be concluded that in-ovo dipping in 0.15% of SV solution, especially on day 24th of incubation has a positive effect on the hatchability%, embryonic mortality as well as q...
Khaled El-Kholy1*, Yaser Rizk2, Mohamed El-Helbawy1, Eman El-Said1
...cro;ml/rabbit/week). The significant (P<0.05) increased in growth performance was observed in rabbits injected with low level of clove oil (T3) compared with other groups. Furthermore, highly significant effect on relative weight of fur and testosterone hormone levels were observed in rabbits injected with low level of clove oil (T3) compared with other treatment groups. In conclusion, clove oil at 12.5 µml., may be...

Amal Hamad1, Ashraf M. Abu-Seida2*, Faisal A. Torad2, Nahed S. Thabet3, Shabaan M. Gadallah1

...ced better analgesia, no significant changes in total leukocytes, neutrophil, eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts, serum levels of total protein (TP), albumin, urea, creatinine, creatinine clearance and serum enzymatic activities of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) along the whole experiment. Meloxicam induced no sedation, no behavioral changes, insignificant increase in heart rate,

Shewangizaw Wolde1,2*, Tadele Mirkena1,3, Aberra Melesse1, Tadelle Dessie4, Solomon Abegaz5 

...and carcass weights were significantly improved by cross-breeding of Sasso-RIR chicken with Normal Feathered local chicken. The weights of most carcasses were increased with age but its influence on the weights of slaughter, thigh, heart, neck and total edible carcass depends on genotype of chicken.

Keywords | Carcass traits, Growth performance, Male chicken, Normal Feathered local chicken, Old hen.  

...

Muhammad F Tajol Ariffin1, Chai M Hian1, Muhammad Z Sukiman1, Mohd F Ghazali1, Siti M Zainal Ariffin2* 

... levels in the milk were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in the serum. A significant good correlation between milk Hp concentration and SCC was observed (rs= 0.73, p<0.05). However, there were no associations between milk SAA and AGP concentrations with SCC respectively. In conclusion, altered expression of the serum and milk APPs was seen during S. aureus-induced subclinical mastitis infection in goats, which...

Hilaire S.S. Worogo*, Thierry O.T.L. Offoumon, Cham D.A. Alabi, Urbain Tchokponhoué, Yaya Idrissou, Alassan S. Assani, Fade Soule, Christophe Iwaka, Ibrahim Alkoiret Traoré 

...ed showed that sex has a significant effect on the Baron & Crevat index (p<0.01), Compact Index (Cmp.Ind) (p<0.01), dactylo-thoracic index (DTI) (p<0.01), and Rump Length Index (p<0.01) with a dominance of male over females except for DTI. The indices obtained showed that Borgou cattle breed is dolichocephalic with a cephalic index of 48.57; brevilineal (Body index <0.85), has a Cmp.Ind of 2.33 and a good thoracic development index (1.30). T...

Nzube Thaddeus Egboka1*, Olajire Fagbola2, Ugochukwu Nnamdi Nkwopara1, Nnaemeka Henry Okoli1, Akaninyene Isaiah Afangide1 and Tochukwu Victor Nwosu3

... densities of AMF varied significantly (P > 0.05) between the fallow and cultivated (cassava and pineapple) land use types in both locations. Across the soil depths, however, AMF spore density decreased significantly with depth in Ibadan, with mean values of 54±6, 45±3 and 39±5 spores 100 g-1 soil at the 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm, respectively. In Ikwuano, there was no

Magdy M. Fahmy1, Nisreen E. Mahmoud 1*, Mohamed R. Mousa2, Manal M. Zaki3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mai Abuowarda1 

...y deterioration played a significant role in mass mortalities event . The study recommended periodic monitoring of the lake water .Also, the proper sanitary and regular disposal of the waste remnants of clearing and dredging processes that were taking place by the government in the lake. Additionally, the bio security strategies should be applied in fish farms, also the dependency of farmers on fish seeds for farm stocking from natural open water instead of t...

Abdul Wadood Khan1, Sabahat Subhan1*, Asif Ali Abro2 and Riaz Shahid3 

...riculture sector shows a significant variation in the TFP growth, due to climate change patterns, public interference, and macroeconomics strategies. The study recommends a dire need to increase capital stock, skilled labour, and cultivated land to boost and enhance agriculture growth as these are the key factors for the agricultural TFP and economic growth of country’s.
...

Hafeez-ur-Rehman1*, Umar Farooq1, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Saghir Ahmad2, Muhammad Akram2, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid2, Hammad Hussnain2, Muhammad Shahid2, Muhammad Mehmood Iqbal2, Ali Raza2 and Muhammad Iqbal2

...ciation with NBP, PH and significantly positive with BW; whereas negative with GOT, FS. These results depict that NBP, PH and BW are the major contributors towards yield under drought stress. Results also emphasized that water-deficit situation seriously impact ginning out turn and fiber strength in cotton. Based on AMMI scatter plot, three genotypes and one check were found tolerant to drought stress. The objective of the study is to evaluate genotypes under ...

Ahmed Abdel-Rady1,2, Walaa Mostafa3* 

...eported that there was a significant effect for the season and sex on the trichostrongyle infection level; the highest nematode infection level was observed in the cold months (December-April) with a prevalence of 36.44% and lowest prevalence (15.17%) in hot months (May-September) (P<0.05). Females were found to be more prone to infection (31.48%) than males (14.61%) (P<0.05). Young sheep less than 6 months old were slightly less infected (25.62%) than ...

Doaa Khairy1, Mohamed Ali Osman2 and Fatma Abdel Mohsen Mostafa1*

...o length. All treatments significantly (P<0.05) suppressed nematode population, root galling and number of egg masses. The highest nematicidal activity was performed by leaf extracts mixture of moringa, neem and canola. NPK, chlorophyll Aand B, salicylic acid, phenols and phenylalinine enzyme (PAL) in tomato leaves were significantly (P<0.05) induced by plant extracts mixture. Phytochemical analysis of aqueous neem lea...

Aymen Mabrouk*

...wed that Pb intoxication significantly decreased the mean red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets values, but significantly increased the white blood cells count. Interestingly, co-administration of TQ to the metal-treated animals corrected all the altered hematological parameters except platelets level. In conclusion, TQ can be considered for the first time as a promising therapeutic agent against Pb-induced h...

Ji Xu, Zhonghua Liu, Zhenhai Cui and Wenhai Zhao*

...a;, and IFN-γ were significantly increased (P <0.05), and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased (P <0.05), the levels of Bax, cleaved-caspase3 protein were significantly increased (P <0.05), the protein level of Bcl-2 was significantly reduced (P <0.05), and the expression level of miR-99a was significa...

Taiwo Oladoye Akande*, Dayo Johnson Ogunyemi, Priscilla Funmilola Okunlola, Emmanuel Owolabi, Odetayo Olakanmi 

...weekly basis. There were significant (P<0.05) changes in body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. Bodyweight gained increased by 16.3 - 22% from Tumeric to moringa. Protein digestibility increased by 5% and 3% in birds fed garlic and the blend respectively while about 4% increase in fat digestibility was observed in birds with PFAs. The PFAs exhibited varied positive influence (P<0.05) on carcass yield, but no difference (P>0.05) was ...

Rana A. Ali1, Abd-Elraheim A. Elshater2, Heba A. Mohammed3*, Mahmoud Elshazly4 

...ochemically, there was a significant increase in hepato-renal enzymes, cholesterol, glucose, and insulin in the STZ group, while, the other treated groups showed an improvement in such enzymes. Histopathology, STZ induced necrosis, and degenerative changes with vacuolation. Treated groups displayed moderate to mild vacuolation and congestion of the blood vessels. Conclusion: The experience showed the effectiveness of the laser and its few side effects in treat...

Sutopo Sutopo, Dela Ayu Lestari, Edy Kurnianto, Asep Setiaji* 

...on BW and ADG. EWG had a significant effect on BW0, BW15, and BW30. Variety was significant on BW0, BW45, BW60, ADG30-45, and ADG0-60. Sex was significant on most of the traits. Male Kedu chickens showed more superior than the female ones. EWG showed positive phenotypic correlations to most of BW measured.

Keywords | Average daily gain, Kedu chickens, Mixed model, Phenotypic corre...

Amira M. Refaie1*, Manal S. Mohamed1, Enayat H. Abo El-Azayem1, Sherein H. Mohamed2 

...d with 0.15% AA recorded significantly higher bunnies’ size and total weight at weaning compared to control. Both groups fed either 0.10% or 0.15% AA recorded significantly higher total milk yield (7.71%) during the whole lactation period (5 weeks) comparing to un-supplemented group. All tested groups recorded a gradual decrease in Malondialdehyde (MDA) level in blood plasma by increasing AA levels in diets. None of th...

Samah Samir, Amal Awad*, Gamal Younis 

...aquaculture as well as a significant public health concern, therefore, appropriate sanitary management is required to improve water quality and reduce sickness incidence and economic losses.

Keywords | E. tarda, Fish farms, Virulence, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Biofilm. 

...

Tatyana Mamontova1*, Konstantin Katkov1, Natalia Kizilova2 and Ali-Magomet Aybazov1

... (P <0.001). The most significant negative correlation was found between semen volume and daylight hours (r = – 0.638; P <0.001). With a 95% probability, a curvilinear correlation was established between the length of daylight and the semen volume (yv= 0.31±015). In conclusion, it should be noted that the season of the year influences the quality of the rams sperm, with the value and direction of the daylight gradient having the greatest inf...

Tatyana Mamontova1*, Konstantin Katkov1, Natalia Kizilova2 and Ali-Magomet Aybazov1

... (P <0.001). The most significant negative correlation was found between semen volume and daylight hours (r = – 0.638; P <0.001). With a 95% probability, a curvilinear correlation was established between the length of daylight and the semen volume (yv= 0.31±015). In conclusion, it should be noted that the season of the year influences the quality of the rams sperm, with the value and direction of the daylight gradient having the greatest inf...

Mariam Arain1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* and Muhammad Javed Arshed2

...aphylococcus aureus were significantly higher (p<0.05) in control group goats compared to goats in supplemented group. Significantly higher (p<0.05) IgG concentration was found in Se supplemented goats as compared to control group. The bacterial species produced weak positive biofilm formation (p<0.05) in Se supplemented goats as compared to control group. The hematological indicators revealed that the values of hem...

Jumshaid Iqbal1, Muhammad Sharif1*, Muhammad Nadeem Suleman2, Muhammad Saeed3, Fawwad Ahamd1, Asghar Ali kamboh4, Tugay Ayaşan5 and Muhammad Arslan3

...organs weight showed non-significant results (P>0.05). However, data obtained on live body weight and abdominal fat pad were significantly different (P<0.05) among all dietary treatments. Histomorphology of small intestine showed variations in intestinal wall width (IW), lumen area (LA), villi height (VH) and villi width (VW) with respect to supplementation of NGP. Maximum IW and VW was observed in duodenum and jejunum...

Tiyyabah Khan1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1*, Muhammad Rizwan Khan1, Muhammad Umer1, Adnan Akhter1 and Waseem Akram2

...alysis revealed a highly significant and positive correlation between mortality of T. castaneum and fungal infection inhibition of both fungal species on wheat grains. Mortality of C. ferrugineus had only a highly significant and positive correlation with the infection inhibition of A. parasiticus (p<0.01). In conclusion, the tested insecticides proved effective in controlling C. ferrugineus and T. castaneum with indirect...

A. Samy1*, H.M.A. Hassan1, Fatma T.F. Abd-El Ghany2, Shama H. Morsy2 

...ing rabbit diets boosted significantly meat crude protein (P<0.05) while, decreasing moisture and fat levels. Digestibility coefficients of CP, CF, and EE, as well as the nutritive values of TDN, DCP, and DE, were considerably improved (P<0.05), although DM, OM, and NFE digestibility was unaffected in all treatments. Considerably, Addition of curcumin or garlic extract boosted final weight, weight gain, and feed efficiency compared to the control group. ...

Ishrat Younus1,2 and Afshan Siddiq1*

...y. The extract exhibited significant (p < 0.05) in vivo analgesic and antipyretic potential in term of % writhes inhibition, increased latency time and reduced rectal temperature when compared with control. The extract displayed noteworthy analgesic and antipyretic capabilities especially at the dose of 200 mg/kg that are almost comparable with standard drug (aspirin). Although the finding of present investigation highlighted the medicinal importance of the...

Honnakerappa S. Ballari1 and Shashikant S. Udikeri2*

...The cross resistance was significant amongst similar groups and negative in a selective pattern. Quinolphos, lambda cyhalothrin and profenphos with high r = -8 to -9 appeared to be choice for rotation a resistance management strategy.

...

Rabia Bibi1, R. Muhammad Tariq2, Samir A.M. Abdelgaleil3 and Munawwer Rasheed1, 4*

...formis and L. karachiana significantly reduced the eggs laying by C. maculatus counted after 96 h of treatment. More than 70% mortality was also obtained after 96 h exposure at a dose of 2.2 mg/cm2 with most of the seaweed extracts against S. oryzae and C. maculatus. While treatment with J. rubens and G. foliifera provided only low to moderate toxicity to both tested species.

...

Huapu Chen1, Zhiyuan Li1, Yaorong Wang1, Wei Yang2,*, Hongjuan Shi1, Shuisheng Li1,3, Chunhua Zhu1 and Guangli Li1,*

...perior growth traits can significantly increase farmer’s benefits due to its sexual dimorphism in growth. Herein, the sex ratio and differences in morphometric traits were observed between females and males in a full-sib population of S. argus. Then the correlation between these traits and their effects on body weight (BW) was analyzed. The results showed significant growth differences between males and females. The co...

Mohamed Mohamady Ghanem1*, Yassine Mahmoud Abdelraoof1, Abdelghany Hefnawy Abdelghany2, Eman Abdelhamid El-Ebissy3, Ahmed Ragab Askar4,5, Attia Ahmed Eissa6  

...cal examination revealed significant increase (P < 0.05) in body temperature, respiratory rate, and pulse rate, and significant decrease (P < 0.05) in ruminal movement after lactic acid induction. Hematological examination revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in RBCs, HB, PCV%, platelets and WBCs after induction of lactic acidosis. Biochemically, the induced lactic acidosis ...

Nuraini Nuraini*, Mirzah Mirzah, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Harnentis Harnentis 

...ypes of fungi had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on the nutrient quality of fermented Azolla microphylla. Fermentation of Azolla microphylla with Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus gave the best products. Phase 2. Application Fermented Azolla microphylla (AMF) in the diet on broiler performance. Fermentation with Lentinus edodes has high amino acids, especially glutamic acid, increasing the palatability of broiler . The research method used a com...

Xiaopeng Tang1*, Kangning Xiong1, Peng Peng2 and Dun Deng2*

...nt of SBM with cDDGS had significant (P < 0.05) effects on the final body weight, ADG, ADFI and F/G of broilers. (2) Dietary replacement of SBM with cDDGS had significant (P < 0.05) effects on the slaughter rate, semi-eviscerated rate of broilers, and there was a tendency of decrease in eviscerated rate when dietary replacement of 40% SBM with cDDGS (P = 0.053). There were no effects of dietary replacement of SBM with ...

Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1,2, Hong Seok Mun1, Myeong Gil Jeong1, Eun Ju Yang3, Hyeoung Seog Park4 and Chul Ju Yang1,2,*

...t of small intestine was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in birds receiving dietary treatment T4 as compared with the control. On an average, meat TBARS value was decreased (P<0.05) in all supplemented groups (except T1 and T2) and the lowest (P<0.05) meat microbiological count was seen in T4. These results indicate that certain ratios of plant extracts and liquid minerals can be used to enhance the performance and meat quality in poultry.

...

Hosny Kesba1, Ashraf Suloma2, Samy Sayed3*, Abdullah Abdel-Rahman1 and Shaimaa Diab1

... in both soil types also significantly increased when compared with WW. The STB and ITB irrigation sources improved the plant content regarding the total protein, total amino acids, and total carbohydrates in both tested soil types. These results suggest that aquaculture effluents from tilapia production could be utilized to manage M. incognita in different soil types.

...

Muhammad Tahir Jan1,2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3,*, Muhammad Binyameen1,* and Sarfraz Ali Shad1

...bolls. Treatments showed significant impact on fruiting parts, number of damage fruits and larval population. However, no significant interaction was observed between the varieties and treatments. The most critical months were August and September in which the rate of IMF damaged by single larva was 4.5 and 4.1 and MB at the rate of 1.5 and 1.6 in CIM-496 while 3.6 and 4.1 IMF and 1.7 MB damage per larva in CIM-506, respecti...

Majid Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Razia Iqbal3, M. Mudassar Shahzad4,*, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3, Afia Muhammad Akram4, Nisar Ahmad5 and Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan2

...et acidification with CA significantly (p< 0.05) improved the mineral absorption, carcass composition and hematological indices of C. mrigala fingerlings compared to control diet. Data shows that mineral absorption was higher (p˂0.05) at medium levels of CA supplementation (2%, 3% or 4% levels) compared to extreme levels (1% and 5%). Maximum body crude protein and crude fat contents were observed in C. mrigala fed 2 % and 3% CA supplemented diets, respecti...

Mashakgene Isaac Senoamadi, Thobela Louis, Tyasi Teedzai Chitura* 

... to not be statistically significant in both small ruminants (p>0.05). The methods of internal parasite control used by the smallholder farmers in the study area were commercial anthelmintic drugs (38.3%), ethno-veterinary based methods (12%) while 46.8% did not control gastrointestinal parasites. It can be concluded that clinical haemonchosis presents a potential challenge in the study area due to a low adoption rate of internal parasite control measures a...

Min Li1, Shiwu Deng2*, Yiqian Peng3 and Hong Li2

...nd MIRI + DEX group were significantly higher than those in sham operation group (P<0.05), and LVEF was significantly lower than that in sham operation group (P<0.05). Compared with MIRI group, the expression levels of PGC1-a, SOD2 and Cs genes in MIRI + DEX group were significantly lower(P<0.05), and mitochondrial structure was slightly damaged in MIRI + DEX group. Compared with ...

Uzma Jabeen1, Asmat Salim2*, Irfan Khan2, Nadia Naeem3 and Rubina Mushtaq4

...ctive oxygen species are significant regulators of transcription factors and gene expression, this study was aimed at analyzing the expression levels of genes that are induced in response to oxidative stress following DOX administration to rats. DOX was administered to rats intraperitoneally at 3 mg/kg at alternate days for two weeks. Kidney tissues were harvested and the mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase-1(Gpx1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo1), 24...

Amira M. Nowier1, Hassan R. Darwish2, Sherif I. Ramadan3, Nadia A. Abo El-Maaty2 and Othman E. Othman2*

...he T>C SNP showed non-significant association with body weight traits. Body weights at birth, 3 months and 12 months in Damascus goat were significant and higher than those in Zaraibi. Kids born single were heavier than twins and triplets at birth age. The highest milk yield was recorded for Zaraibi does with three kids and at the first month of lactation stage. Moreover, the T>C SNP in the Zaraibi α-lactalbumin ...

Lin Lu

...aved caspase 3 increased significantly (P<0.05). LY294002 could significantly inhibit the activity of TPC-1 cells, promote apoptosis, down regulate the expression of Bcl-2, PI3K and p-AKT, up regulate the expression of Cyt-C, Bax and cleaved caspase 3, and significantly enhance the effect of Polysaccharide from H. diffusa on the activity, apoptosis of TPC-1 cells and the expression of C...

Muhammad Idrees1, Bashir Ahmad2, Muhammad Waqas1, Syed Muhammad Mukarram Shah3 and Saad Ahmad Khan4

...ed novel inhibitors have significant interaction with the active site of the protein and a strong possibility to act as an additional starting opinion in the development of new and potential inhibitors. The result indicates that novel inhibitors could be a promising lead compound and be effective in treating sensitive as well as multi drug resistant tuberculosis.

...

Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Usman1,*, Abdul Jabbar1, Saba Usman3, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Husnain1, Nadeem Raza1 and Anwar-ul-Haq4

... all of these were found significantly (p<0.05) associated with the incidence of coxiellosis. The results of animal-related risk factors indicated that with increasing age and parity number, poor BCS, or a history of disease, the incidence of coxiellosis became significantly (p<0.05) higher. Various farm-related risk factors were also found significantly (p<0.05) associated with C...

Abdul Malik Ahmed, Bhargav Bhushan Nath, Ayub Ali, Jiten Sarma, Bipul Phukan, Imtiaz Ahmed* and Jyotirmoyee Das

... to be linear and highly significant (r =0.979).

...
Saeed Akram Khan1, Shahid Sherzada1*, Muhammad Ashraf1, Durr-e-Shehwar1, Sonia Iqbal1, Usman Atique1,3, Farzana Abbas1, Sohail Ahmad2 and Muhammad Sultan Haider4
...ased the cell growth but significantly decreased the hatching time. On the contrary, temperature exceeding 32ºC caused denaturation of all eggs and larvae that resulted in reduced hatching rate. Microscopic examination revealed that eggs were more influenced by high temperature at early stages of development. Impacts of slight change in water temperature were observed from Blastodisc to morula stage. After gastrula stage, temperature effects were evident ...

Djadouni Fatima* and Meliani Amina

...ases that cause annually significant livestock losses affecting the economy, animal diversity and ecological balance. These diseases are transmitted among animals in different ways and endemic especially in large and common pastures and among the causes of their spreads are contact, vectors, air, water, feeds, wastes, and pollution. Environmental conditions play an important role in increasing the spread of disease, which is often found in humid and warm seaso...

Fan Xu1,2*, Cheng Wu3 and Su Zeng1

...;g:100ml group decreased significantly after 6 h, and the percentage of fat globules > 5 μ m (PFAT5) in 10 μg:10ml group was relatively high. The risk of embolism was easily caused by injection or small pot dripping, which may be related to the insufficient amount of solvent and the incomplete dispersion of lipid microspheres. As for the two dosage forms of lipo-PGE1 and DN-PGE1, the average particle size and PFAT5 after the preparation of DN-PGE1met ...

Jun Zhang1*, Xiaocao Xu2 and Min Cao2

... these individuals had a significantly older mean age than those with HCV-Ab negative. In 89.8% of patients the HBs-Ab titer was more than 10. Due to the progress of screening and selection of blood donors the prevalence of HBV infection in high-risk patients has sharply decreased in recent years. Vaccination is one of the most important protective factors in this group of the population. Therefore, administration of a reminder dose based on antibody titer is ...

Chuanfeng Fan1,2,*, Wenguo Feng1,3, Jingchang Yang1,2, Qingchao Chen1,2 and Yu Wang1,4

...ontrol group, which were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the induced injury group, though higher than the normal control group, showing statistically significant difference between the three groups (P<0.05). Absorbance value of retinal nerve cells was significantly higher in the normal control group than in the induced injury group and the intervention group, which...

Jabbar Khan1, Mehwish Jehan1, Zeeshan Mutahir2, Muhammad Rafi1, Muhammad Ismail1, Aamer Abbas1 and Jabbar Tanveer3

...s of TSH, T3 and T4 were significantly higher in control than experimental Damani breed. Similarly, the mean values of cortisol were comparatively higher in control breed than Damani experimental group, showing that Damani breed was more prone to heat stress conditions than control group and that oxidative stress, induced by heat stress, may have a negative effect on the availability of Se, which accordingly resulted in reduced synthesis of thyroid hormones. B...

Junyan Bai*, Jingyun Li, Yu Chen, Zhihao Dong, Youbing Yang and Ying Lei

.... Exon II of GH gene was significantly correlated with body weight, carcass weight, chest width and hip height (P<0.05). Moreover body weight and carcass weight of AB genotype were significantly higher than those of AA and BB genotypes (P<0.05) and chest width and hip height of AB genotype were remarkably higher than those of AA genotype (P<0.05).

...

Xiaopeng Tang1*, Kangning Xiong1 and Rejun Fang2*

... results showed that LPS significantly (P<0.05) decreased the gene and protein expression of ASCT2 in IPEC-J2 cells. EGF significantly (P<0.05) promoted the gene and protein expression of ASCT2. EGF plus LPS group had a higher (P < 0.05) gene and protein expression of ASCT2 than that LPS treated group, although significantly (P < 0.05) lower than EGF treated group, but had no d...
Thobela Louis Tyasi1*, Lebo Trudy Rashijane1, Kwena Mokoena1, Kagisho Madikadike Molabe1, Madumetja Cyril Mathapo1, Victoria Rankotsan Hlokoe1, Lebelo Joyceline Selala1, Masixole Maswana1 and Lubabalo Bila2
...weight had a statistical significant correlation (P < 0.05) with egg quality traits. Egg weight displayed a positive highly significant correlation with EL (0.82), AW (0.67) and SW (0.62), respectively. The findings suggest that EL, AW and SW might be used in selection to improve EW of Potchefstroom Koekoek chicken genotype. ANOVA results showed that egg weight had a statistical significant...

Ahmed M. Darwish1*, Hassan R. Darwish1, Dalia M. Mabrouk1, Mohamed A. Abdelhafez1, Ahmed M. Abdel-Salam2, Ibrahim E. Mohamed3, Ibrahim M. Farag1 

...the LEP gene causes an insignificant reduction in protein percentage and insignificant increase in fat percentage in Damascus goat. In conclusion, the fat percent of Damascus goat milk is affected by the T allele of the Leptin gene. Therefore, the T allele may help improve milk fat content through breeding programs.

Keywords | β-lactoglobulin, Leptin gene, Milk traits, Goat 

...

Qi Zhao1, Yuanyuan Hou1, Xiangdong Jin1 and Chen Zhang 2,*

...roup after treatment was significantly better than that of the control group, p<0.05. The overall nursing satisfaction of the research group was 97.50%, which was significantly higher than the 75.00% of the control group, p<0.05. To conclude that combined therapy of mesalazine and BTV can significantly improve the therapeutic effect in patients with ulcerative colitis, and the scient...

Abida Shehzadi*, Muhammad Shafique and Ahmad Ali Shahid

...om this study could have significant importance in forensic applications, population studies and in strengthening the Y-STR database.

...
Nadeem Raza1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Ali Ahmed Sheikh2, Muhammad Usman1*, Quratulain Mujahid3, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1 and Muhammad Rizwan4
...and tick infestation are significantly (p < 0.05) associated with occurrence of borreliosis in camels. This study may play an important role in the transmission of borreliosis in understanding of other animal species as well as humans in Pakistan.

...

Nahla Hamada Magd Khalil1*, Ihab Mahmoud Helal2, El-Desoky Hassan Ibrahim Dorrah1, Soad Ahmed Soliman Ismail3 

... Mullet fish samples had significantly (P < 0.05) the highest concentrations of alderin, dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide with mean ± SE concentration of 89±0.85, 36.7±0.66, and 38.9 ±0.49 ppb, respectively. Tilapia fish had the highest concentrations of DDD, DDE and γ-chlordane with a mean ± SE concentration of 80.5±8.61, 46.6±9.77, and 79.5±17.37 ppb, respectively. Bass had the lowest concentrat...

Dwi Budiono1,5, Ratih Rinendyaputri2, Ariyani Noviantari2, Mokhamad Fahrudin3, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari4, Vista Budiariati1,6, Diah Nugrahani Pristihadi1,3, Noer Muhamad Dliyaul Haq1, Arief Boediono3* 

...0.003 mmol/l was able to significantly increase the blastocyst rate of parthenogenetic embryos (p<0.05). The quality of blastocysts produced was also significantly improved (p<0.05). Blastocyst rate and quality decreased by increasing CHIR99021 concentration to 0.01 mmol/l. The pESC primary colonies culture showed that blastocysts cultured in CHIR99021 0.003 mmol/l were able to form a pESC primary colony that was simil...

Xian Zhang1, Erjiang Lin1, Shizhe Hong1 and Zhengjie Zhu2*

...T transfection group was significantly down-regulated (P <0.05), the cell proliferation was significantly inhibited (P <0.05), and both apoptosis rate and mortality rate increased (P <0.05).Transfection of SSAT can reduce the proliferation and increase the apoptosis and necrosis rate of prostate cancer LNCaP cells by inhibiting the expression of Akt, GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins.

...

Arab Khan Lund1*, Atta Hussain Shah2, Gul Bahar Khaskheli2, Mool Chand Malhi3, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi4, Abdul Samad Mangsi5 and Asad Ali Khaskheli6

... denaturation (WPD) were significantly (p<0.05) varied at different heat treatments in contrast to control (T0). The variation was also observed in conductivity, refractive index, moisture, fat, protein and lactose content, however, it was non-significant (p>0.05). Results are concluded that the nitrogen fractions markedly affected by different heating and time combinations followed by physical properties while less ef...

Azra*, Muhammad Awais, Alam Khan and Muhammad Shoaib

...icient is positive and insignificant because of savings in Pakistan had no healthy pattern. Exchange rate has adversely affected the investment because of unidirectional causality. Specification and analytical tests supported reliability of the investment does not affect investment model from key econometric issues. The stability test shows that investment fluctuated during the 1990-2017 periods. OLS and GMM results are comparable. OLS estimation results are r...
Sajad Ali1*, Naeem Ur Rehman Khatak1, Shahab E. Saqib2 and Saleem ur Rehman1
...als, and irrigation were significant factors influencing wheat productivity for owner cultivators, whereas age, household size, land preparation, fertilizers, chemicals, and irrigation were significant factors influencing wheat productivity for tenant wheat growers. The statistical value of the dummy variable revealed that the owner wheat growers had higher productivity (almost 10%) than tenant wheat growers. Furthermore, th...

Alaa Jaheen*, Noha Salem, Mohamed El-sherif 

...ioxidant status showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde with a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity, serum zinc, and copper concentrations. No significant changes were detected in both protein and lipid profiles. In conclusion, equine eczema is a stressful allergic skin disease that alters hematological and oxidant/antioxidant status in the equine and disrupts the ho...

Wael Felefel1*, Mohamed EL-Beskawy2, M. F. El -Dakroury3, Mohamed Morsi Elkamshishi4, Eman Sayed Mohammed5 

...re was a statistically insignificant difference between intervention groups pre and post-treatment as in group 2 (P=0.631) and group 3 (P=0.144). Furthermore, evaluating the efficacy of treatment using ROC curve showed that group 2 has a higher area under curve (AUC =0.742) than group 3 (AUC= 0.483). Both drugs were successful in controlling ticks in dogs, but Doramectin injection made a perceived influence on tick treatment in heavy infestation cases. In addi...

Ibrahim Samir Abd El-Hamid1*, Wafaa Adel Abd Fouda1, Hesham Attia Shedeed1, Safaa Ali Mostafa1, Ahmed Mohamed Elbaz2, Salah Abo Bakr2, Baliegh Hamdy Mosa1, Ali Saber Morsy1, Amal Mohamed Hasan1, Khamis Refaay Emam3 

...mance disparity improved significantly in doe rabbits treated by microalgae N. oculata including conception, mortality rates, gestation length and litter size. Productive efficiency index and feed conversion of does significantly improved in treated rabbits as compared to control group. Litter weight at birth and weaning were higher (P<0.05) in rabbits treated with microalgae N. oculata compared to control. In conclusion,...

Mubashar Ahmad, Roheela Yasmeen*, Aisha Waheed Qurashi, Muhammad Hassan Ali Shah 

... Results of ANOVA showed significant differences in cortisol levels among different sites at <0.05 p-value. Temperature was positively correlated with the cortisol levels. While humidity levels were negatively correlated with the faecal and urine cortisol concentration in blackbuck. It was concluded that the faecal and urine samples can be used to determine the stress levels in captive blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra).

Keywords | Cortisol, captive si...

Ibrarul-Haq* and Malik Muhammad Shafi

...;s collection contribute significantly to household’s income. A total of 410 households were randomly selected for data collection from upper two tehsils of the district Swat. Data were collected from the selected sample households using simple random sampling technique with the help of well-structured and self-administered questionnaires. The study has employed multiple regression model to estimate the relationship amongst the variables. The empirical e...

El-Kholy KH1*, Tag El-Din H1, Seham NE Seleem1, Eman Hussein2 AM El-Shhat2 

...om eggs dipped at SV had significant (P<0.05) better body weight than ducklings hatched from the control and sham groups. The heterophil to lymphocytes ratio (H/L) was significantly (P≤0.01) lower for Sudani ducklings in SV4- group × T24th than those of the other experimental groups. Furthermore, concentrations of serum total protein and their fractions (albumin and globulin) and all lipid profile were in

Uzochukwu Ephraim Emeto, Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo* and Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze

...oparasite and BCS showed significant (p < 0.05) associations. Horses infected with endoparasites had similar haematocrit values but significantly lower mean body weights when compared to uninfected horses. The study gives the identities and prevalence rates of nematodes and cestodes affecting the horse population. Strongyliasis occured in epidemic proportion within the horse population in the area. This underscores the ne...

Basanta Kumar Adhikari1*, Deepak Subedi1*, Sumit Jyoti1, Krishna Kaphle2, Chet Narayan Kharel3, Doj Raj Khanal4

Ouedraogo Oumar1,2, Tianhoun Denté Fidèle2,4*, Séré Modou3, Kaboré Adama2, Tamboura H. Hamidou2 and Belem Adrien Marie Gaston4

...his prevalence showed no significant difference (P˃0.05) between breeds, sex, age and body score of the animals while it was significantly influenced (P= 0.0283) by the breeding origins of the inspected cattle. The seizures made were mainly partial seizures of lung organs (70.28%) followed by liver (17.57%), kidneys (8.10%) and heads (4.05%). Following the inspection of all the animals during the study period, the urban com...

Rasha Ali Taha Hamza1, Atef Saad Osheba1, Hassan Mohamed Sobhy2, Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal2* 

...sumac were shown to have significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents than the aqueous extract, in particular 90% Ethanol Extract, where the 90% Ethanol Extract of sumac had 58.03 mg gallic acid/g dry sample for total phenolic and 28.45mg quercetin /g dry sample for total flavonoid whereas the 90% Ethanol Extract of galangal had 46.12 mg gallic acid/g dry sample for total phenolic and 20.08 mg quercetin /g dry sample for total flavonoid. Two type...
Roy Hendroko Setyobudi1, Erkata Yandri2, Yogo Adi Nugroho3, Mardiana Sri Susanti4
Satriyo Krido Wahono5, Wahyu Widodo1, Lili Zalizar1, Elfi Anis Saati1, Maftuchah Maftuchah1
Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum6, Muhannad Illayan Massadeh6, Dwi Yono3, Rangga Kala Mahaswa7
Herry Susanto2, Damat Damat1*, Dyah Roeswitawati1, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani8 and 
Susi Mindarti1
...although statistically insignificant (> 0.05). On five enhancers agents’ side, Mengani’s vitamin C [185.45 mg 100 g–1, ranged (143.03 to 227.27) mg 100 g–1] and beta carotene [4.370 g mg–1, ranged (4.367 to 4.587) g mg–1] contents were only slightly different (< 0.05). Noteworthy distinctions were on Mengani’s amino acid content [7.571 g 100 ...
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi1,2*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi3,4, Erkata Yandri3,4, Kiman Siregar5,6, Aris Winaya7, Damat Damat7, Wahyu Widodo7, Ahmad Wahyudi7, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani4,8
Maizirwan Mel9, Ivar Zekker10, Muhammad Zul Mazwan7, Devi Dwi Siskawardani7
Endang Dwi Purbajanti11 and Ida Ekawati12
...il palm in Indonesia has significantly contributed to at least six out of the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). This review addresses 56 references from Google Scholar for the issues on understanding the sustainability from land management’s perspective, the land suitability for oil palm, and the strategy for land management to achieve oil palm sustainability. The role of land management technology and the maintenance of soil carbon stocks are emp...
Yunilas Yunilas1*, Nurzainah Ginting1, Tri Hesti Wahyuni1, Muhammad Zahoor2, Nelzi Fati3 and 
Ahmad Wahyudi4
...entation time had a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on silage’s texture, color, and odor. In addition, the MOL dose and fermentation time have a considerable impact (P < 0.05) on the silage taste. There is an interaction between MOL dose and fermentation time on silage odor.
...

Eman Alsayed Hammad and Atef Mohamed El-Sagheer

...is effect has been shown significantly in the plant growth, fruit yield, and the quality of the extracted juice (pH, TSS, vitamin C, protein, carbohydrates, and fatty acids). Treatments of Marjoram emulsion oil, Chitosan, and Vermicompost recorded the best increase percentages after the chemical nematicide, compared to control. It could be concluded that, the use of tested eco-friendly agents in the control strategies resulted from an effective alternative str...

Mirtneh Akalu1,2*, Takele Abayneh2, Esayas Gelaye2, Behailu Tefera2, Teferi Degefa2, Vemulapati Bhadra Murthy1 

... the immune response was significantly increased in both single-dose and booster-dose immunized groups as compared to calves in the control group. Calves in booster-dose group reach its peak geometric mean (GM) log10 HI antibody titer (3.46 ± 0.06) at the 42nd day. Whereas calves in the single-dose immunized group reach the peak GM 1og10 HI titer (2.79 ± 0.13) at day 28th post immunization (p < 0.05). Challenged calves showed the lowest mean c...

Jiang Wu*

...ar ATP concentration was significantly reduced in the treated Staph. aureus, Salmonella, E. coli and L. monocytogenes (P<0.05). When the chemical constituent concentration of T. officinale plant increased from 1/2 MIC to MIC, the intracellular ATP content further decreased (P<0.05). We concluded that the chemical constituents of T. officinale have antibacterial activity against the two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria. The chemical constituen...

Dali Wang1,2, Yujing Zhu1,2, Wancai Xia1,2, Mei Zhao1,2,3, Chan Yang1,2 and Dayong Li1,2*

...ener diversity index was significantly higher in the lower section and the Bray-Curtis distance was significantly lower, suggesting vegetation recovery has progressed faster on the lower end of the debris field. The speed of restoration within the landslide and debris flow area is important for the protection of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys living at Gehuaqing. A reasonable plan for vegetation restoration according to the compo...

Saied Belal1, Ashraf Albrakati1*, Khalaf Alsharif2, Saad Al-Shehri2, Mohamed Alblihed3, Malik Almuqati4, Anfal Alsharif5, Alaa Albarakati6 and Anas Al-sharif7

...gth of Taif newborns are significantly lower than those of international standards and those of newborns residing at sea level, in Saudi Arabia. Also, there was a high incidence of low birth weight (15.6%) and preterm babies (10.9%) in Taif newborns. In this study, we concluded that high altitude reduces, significantly, the birth weight and birth length independent of other affecting factors. Other risk factors appear to inf...

Noora Hassan Hezam Al-Aqmer1*, Zain Aamir2, Muhammad Farooq Hanif3, Soumble Zulfiqar4, Sibgha Zulfiqar1, Mateen Izhar5 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4*

...rsquo; was found to be a significant predictor of treatment failure (p-value= .024, OR= 3.589, 95% CI= 1.181-10.911). There was no significant association between ApaI VDR genotypes and cirrhosis and ApaI VDR genotypes and gender (p-values ˂ .05). To conclude ApaI genotype aa could be used as a marker to predict treatment failure in hepatitis C patients receiving directly acting antiviral treatment.

...
Mubasshir Sohail*, Qadeer Ahmed Soomro, Raza Muhammad, Muhammad Usman Asif and Imran Rauf
...lytic activity exhibited significant enhancing and inhibitory effect upon different concentrations. Effect of inhibitors (β-mercaptoethanol, EDTA) and various plant extracts on the enzyme activity were also tested. Cellulase was further purified and characterized through chromatographic techniques and electrophoresis. Gel filtration chromatography showed the presence of multiple forms of enzyme activities with different molecular weights. SDS-PAGE showed ...

Man-Seok Shin1, Hyun-Ju Cho2 and Eun-Jae Lee3*

...ere used to identify the significant variables among a total of 15 environmental variables within 4 factors (topography, natural environment, distance and climate). Twelve variables were significantly different between the breeding and randomly selected points. The final 10 variables were selected through Pearson’s correlation analysis. Using MaxEnt, breeding area was estimated using the 10 selected variables in Daejeo...

Aiman Al Mufarji, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed* 

.... oleifera leaves caused significant changes in hematological (RBCs, WBCs, Ht and Hb) and plasma biochemistry (total protein, albumin, urea, liver enzymes) parameters. It could be concluded that organic M. oleifera leaves contain compounds might be helpful in modulating blood and plasma parameters if supplemented to ewes in subtropics.

Keywords | Moringa oleifera, Fatty acid, Blood, Plasma, Metabolite 

...

Suhu Duan, Zaiqiang Li, Zhenzhen Fan, Mengran Qin, Xiaoxue Yu* and Liuan Li*

...oil added to diet had no significant effect on egg weight, egg yolk weight, egg yolk color, egg yolk ratio, Haugh unit and egg white ratio (P > 0.05). On the 25th and 40th day, there were significant effects on the quality of eggshell (P < 0.05) and no remarkable influence on the contents of myristoleic acid (C14:1), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) or oleic acid (C18:1n9c) in yolk (P > 0.05); On the 10th day, the content o...

Muhammad Anwar Ul Haq1*, Tariq Mukhtar1, Muhammad Inam-ul-Haq1 and Azeem Khalid2

...All the genotypes showed significant differences in number of galls, eggmasses, females, root and soil populations, reproductive factors and eggmass/gall and eggmass/female ratios. Minimum galls, eggmasses, and females were observed on resistant and moderately resistant genotypes. On the other hand, maximum values in these parameters were recorded on susceptible and highly susceptible genotypes/lines. Similarly, minimum number of juveniles were recovered from ...

Qiong Xiang1, Jing-Jing Li1, Qian Zhang1,3, Rong-Bo Tian1 and Xian-Hui Li1,2*

... min after injection the significant up-regulated expression of the SSTR2 proteins are found in inflammatory DRG neurons compared to that of in control DRG neurons. The process is also time-dependent, because no difference is seen after one-day injection. Meanwhile, we also analysed the SSTR2 expression in other types of painful models (i.e., DR and SNI); Thus, our data suggested that changes of SSTR2 expression at the short time painful stage which has influe...

Zaniar A. Abas1, Mohammed Omer Baba Sheikh2,5*, Hardi N. Aziz3, Omed I. Abid4 

... been considered to be a significant pathogen of domestic and wild canids and has spread worldwide. This study was conducted on fecal samples from suspected parvovirus dogs were taken from different provinces in north Iraq for PCR testing, and 76% of such samples were confirmed to be positive. Sequence analysis showed two CPV-2c, six new CPV-2b, and ten new CPV-2a variants. In the CPV-2 studied, several unique and existing mutations have been discovered, indic...

Serdar Bektas* and Ozer Ayik

... blood cell values, were significantly decreased in 7 and 21th day, a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration noted only in the 21th day, significantly lower values in hematocrit, were observed at 7, 14 and 21th days, total leucocyte and thrombocyte counts, found significantly higher only in the 3th day, comparing with the control group. While, ...

Haroon1, Chen-Xu Ye1, Yu-Xin Li1, Hong-Xin Zhang1, Qing Liu1, Xiao-Hong Su1,2,3 and Lian-Xi Xing1,2,3,*

...) colonies were reported significantly (p<0.005) in egg-laying and chambers making than primary reproductives (imagoes). The morphological measurement shows that the swarmer alates were significantly (p<0.005) extended along with wings, mean live weight of the queen was significantly heavier (p<0.005) than workers but not statistically different mature reproductive queen. The sex ...

Wei Cui1, Yanwei Du1, Lijuan Jiang1, Yan Wei1, Yuguo Li1, Wenfeng Zhang1* and Ling Zhang2*

... cells injured by HG was significantly reduced, and the cell proliferation was significantly increased. In model group, blood glucose increased significantly, weight loss, oral glucose tolerance was abnormal, while BHD group reversed the above changes. Most nerve cells in BHD group had relatively intact structure and less morphological changes. Immunohistochemistry showed that compared wit...

Luke Chukwudi Ali*, Nnanna Ephraim Ikeh, Bright Chigozie Amaefule, Amarachi Linda Obinna, Ndubuisi Samuel Machebe 

...creamy white. There were significant (P<0.01) differences among treatment groups of rabbits in all the semen traits except in semen volume. Semen pH showed significant (P<0.01) variations with semen of bucks in T4 having the highest value (8.67). Sperm motility, sperm concentration, live and normal sperms in decreased with an increase in dietary DCSM whereas non-motile, dead and abnormal sperms increased with an increa...

Ahlam G. Khalifa1*, Walaa A. Moselhy1, Hanaa M. Mohammed2 and Khaled Abdou1 

...in group showed a highly significant elevation in chromosome aberrations. Also, the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes proved that deltamethrin had a stronger cytotoxic effect on the bone marrow cells than the CS/DM Nps and S/DM Nps groups. It was concluded that these innovative nanoformulations of DM were less toxic, which would lower health risks and boost application safety.

Keywords | Cytotoxic, Chromosome aberration...

Yang Yang1,2, Hong Zhou3, Ji Shao1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2, Pengpeng Xia1,2, Mingxu Zhou4,5, Qiangde Duan1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*
...s (IPEC-J2) were reduced significantly, and the cytotoxicity decreased. The results of RT-PCR showed that in F18ab△hcp1, the flagella gene flic and type I fimbriae fimA were significantly down-regulated. In conclusion, hcp1 gene of F18 STEC is related to flagella expression, bacterial adherence, invasion, and secretion of Stx2e toxin. T6SS hcp1 is proved to be closely involved in the pathogenesis of F18 STEC.

...
Yuechen Li1, Yumo Li1, Xuefeng Zhuang1, Guangfu Lv2, Xiaowei Huang1, Zhe Lin1, Yuchen Wang1* and He Lin1*
...lts showed that OR could significantly shorten the destination quadrant distance and latency in the Morris water maze of aging mice. It obviously decreased the MDA, MAO-B and Lipo level in brain tissue, enhanced the SOD and GSH-Px activity in brain tissue, and increased the IgA, IgG, IL-1 and IL-2 level in serum. In addition, OR significantly improved the protein expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and NOQ1 in the brain tissues of agi...

Momotaz Khanom*, Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman, Muhammad Yousuf Ali, Md. Shahin Parvez, Al-Hasan Antu, Md. Nazmul Ahsan 

...ormulated feed (FF) grew significantly faster than the other treatments (p<0.05). The weight gains were observed as 2.6 g in FF; 2.0 g in CF and 1.9g in LT and 1.54g in DT, respectively. Similarly, FF showed the highest specific growth rate (SGR) of 11.85±0.71%, but significantly differed only from that of DT (SGR=11.1; P< 0.5). Length-weight analysis revealed that the growth of larvae in all treatments showed n...

Seun Eui Kim1,2*, Myoung-Hoon Lee1, Hye Myoung Jang2, Garam Park2, Wan-Taek Im3, Gwang Joo Jeon2,4* 

...astasis and invasion was significantly increased or decreased in the CK-treated group, showing that CK properly and antagonistically works on anticancer activity. The expression of angiogenesis-related gene of VEGF unexpectedly was increased. In conclusion, this study confirmed that ginsenoside CK is a new anticancer candidate with excellent anticancer activity inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and in some extent cell migration/metastasis inhibition for ne...

Wafaa M.A. Ghoneem*, Muhammad M. Shaklouf, Ali M. Ali and Mohammed H. Bakr

... nutritive value did not significantly (P<0.05) differ between G2 and G1. However, G3 recorded lower values. WBCs, RBCs, Ht, Hb, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils were not affected by treatment. Culbac® significantly (P<0.05) decreased blood concentration of ALT, AST, cholesterol, triglyceride and urea compared with control. While, lymphocyte transformation and phagocytic index were inc...

Amreen Zahra1, Mushtaq A. Saleem1*, Hasnain Javed2 and Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan3

...-infected individuals, a significantly decreased level of CD4 cells was seen in both medium high and very high viral load categories with a frequency of 19.23% and 76.92%, respectively. Taken together, current study highlights the increased prevalence of HCV co-infection in HIV infected IDUs with lower CD4 count. These results strongly support an immediate investigation of multiple viral infections routine IDUs to guide the eradication of these fatal viral dis...

Muhammad Shaheen1* and Abdullah2

...rformance of K Means can significantly be affected by outliers. Outliers are not dealt in the K Means algorithm. This paper proposes a change in the K Means algorithm to accommodate the method for outlier detection on the basis of the threshold value. The threshold value of the outlier named as clus_span is computed by taking distance of each point from each other point and dividing it by the total number of points. All the points of a dataset that do not qual...

Lopamudra Samantaray*, Yashaswi Nayak 

...s well as a 1% turmeric, significantly (P < 0.05) improved body weights in birds. Black pepper and a combination of turmeric and fennel revealed slower growth compared to the other treatments. The combined diet of black pepper and turmeric significantly (P < 0.05) improved feed intakes. The hemoglobin concentration, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) values of birds fed with 0.5% black...

Zhongqing Wang1, Qiuyue Wu1, Ruiling Ye1, Fazul Nabi1,4, Yangfei Shang1, Sarfaraz Ali4 and Juan Liu1,2,3*

...ntity of iIELs in IG was significantly (P<0.01) higher at 6 h and 4 d in duodenum and ileum of diarrheal mice; however, the iIELs quantity in IG was significantly (P<0.01) higher and lower at 6 h and 4 d in jejunum, respectively. The AMP pre-treatment reduced iIELs in duodenum and ileum at 6 h and 4 d, respectively and increased iIELs in jejunum at 6 h and 4 d. The mRNA level of IL-6 and TNF-α in duodenum was inc...

Shorouk Aladdin Helmy1, Hossam Mahrous Ebeid2*, Mohamed Ahmed Hanafy1, Adel Eid Mohamed Mahmoud1, Reham Roshdy Ali El-tanany1 

...acid addition had made a significant difference on the amount of degradable dry matter (dDM, g/kg DM), total gas production, per (ml) and (g/kg DM) for the 3 protein sources (soybean, sunflower, and cottonseed meals). All protein sources rations revealed significant linear and quadratic decreases for total gas production (TGP), ml and TGP, g/kg DM with zeolite. Moreover, zeolite has increased (P = 0.013) in dDM at 5% zeolite...

Zhongxi Zhang1, Ping Zou2*, Jingfang Zhang1, Yujuan Zeng1 and Yujie Tang1

...enous thrombolysis could significantly improve the behavioral disorder of rats, and significantly reduce the infarct size of rat brain tissue, and the expression levels of ICAM-1 protein and MMP9 protein. We conclude that intravenous thrombolysis could significantly improve the therapeutic effect of acute basilar artery occlusion in rats within 2-4 h, and the treatment effect was the best ...

Rabia Goher, Inamullah and Mohammad Akmal*

...t, which has resulted in significant changes (p<0.05) for biomass and grain yield. Harvest indices did differ for AE among genotypes. Based on the experimental results, it is concluded that a genotype may not necessarily perform similar in production with changing the AE. However, with a close association of the crop developmental stages, more than one genotype can be recommended to perform good within different AE to adress future food security. Moreover, ...

Ikele*, Chika Bright, Ujunwa Aghaji, Mgbenka, Benard Obialo 

...higher in CA 20:1 with a significantly peak value of 390X104 cfu/ml compared to other groups. The C:N at 10 and 20 utilizing cassava and wheat supported growth of C. gariepinus with a mean weight gain of 214.91±26.84g, specific growth rate 3.78±0.26 but did not enhance the condition factor >1 of C. gariepinus juveniles within 28-days. In conclusion, inclusion of C:N ratio of cassava and wheat flour in biofloc tank is beneficial for the growth...

Eman Alsayed Hammad1* and Mahmoud Mohamed Hassanin Hasanin2

...s (at 5000 ppm) affected significantly on the final population (Pf) of M. javanica (671.8 and 1072.4), while emulsions of spearmint and thyme nanoemulsion completely infection prevented after 50 days from planting in infested soil with F. oxysporum, but thyme and spearmint essential oils nanoemulsions and emulsions recorded effect on Pf about 1193.6 and 1465.6, respectively, compared to Fenamiphose (328.4) and fungicide, Occidor 50% SC was completely infection...

Muhammad Ismail1,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1 and Umair Abbas1 and Riaz Hussain2

...says. Results revealed a significant reduction of pupal weight and adult emergence of B. dorsalis by 4% extracts of A. indica, A. sativum and C. aurantifolia. Moreover, a significantly higher male to female adult sex ratio was observed in case of A. indica treatment. It is concluded from overall study results that the extracts of A. indica and C. aurantifolia exhibited significant anti-ins...

Gamal Shawki1, Tawfek Mohamed Barakat1, Attia Mohamed Samy2, Ahmed Alhamed AL-Mejren2, Ayman Mesalam1* 

...time to ejaculation were significantly lower during summer and spring seasons (P < 0.05). A positive correlation (P < 0.05) between sperm parameters and testicular parameters and negative correlation between the sperm parameters and sexual behaviors were recorded. These data suggest that, the testicular biometry and sexual behavior during summer and spring showed better characteristic than that during winter.

Keywords | Kuwait, Arabian stallions,...

Md. Enayet Kabir1, Md. Jahangir Alam1*, Md. Mosharaf Hossain2, Zannatul Ferdaushi3 

... and coliform count were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the TMR2 fed group relative to the TMR1 and control ration fed groups. It may be concluded that feeding of rice straw as such or after its probiotic fermentation along with concentrate mixture in the form of TMR produced a better response in fattening cattle than the conventional system of feeding concentrate and straw separately.

Keywords: Total mixed ration, Blood profile, Fattening cattle, ...

Feng Xu, Weijing Fan and Guobin Liu*

...e activity of HUVECs was significantly reduced after intervention with high concentrations (200, 400 μmol/L) of rutin. ox-LDL treatment significantly reduced HUVECs activity, CAT and SOD levels,NEXN-AS1 expression (P<0.05), and increased apoptosis rate, MDA level, and miR-410-3p expression (P<0.05). Rutin (25, 50, 100 μmol/L) treatment reduced ox-LDL-induced apoptosis and MDA levels (P<0.05), increased cell vi...

Tao Ren1, Guiqiu Cao2, Xiao Han3, Feng Tan1, Qiaoli Chen4, Shicheng Yang5 and Haiyan Zhang6*

... naringenin pretreatment significantly increased cardiac dysfunction via scavenged free radicals and a reduction of inflammatory reaction. Dose-dependent treatment of naringenin significantly altered the CK-MB, HDL, LDL, creatinine, cholesterol, CRP, Ca2+, Na+ and K+, respectively. A significant alleviating change in these biochemical parameters along with caspase-3 activity was noticed. T...

Weam Mohamed Baher*, Gamilat A. El said 

...ted from rural areas had significantly (p< 0.05) the highest counts. A significant reduction of the microbial load of chicken breast was achieved after treatment with nisin, and gingerol, particularly at 2%. For instances, TBC was significantly (p< 0.05) reduced by 26.98%, 31.94%, 32.84%, and 38.83% after treatment with nisin 1.0%, nisin 2.0%, gingerol 1.0%, and gingerol 2.0%, respec...
Nguyen Binh Truong1,2,3*, Nguyen Van Thu3
...), however, there was no significant differences between the NDF47 và NDF55 treatment (P>0.05). Before and 3 h after feeding the rumen pH values, N-NH3 and total volatile fatty acids concentration of cattle were no differences and good for the rumen activities. In this research content, the NDF55 treatment revealed an expectation for the applied studies. Results of the second experiment indicated that with the NDF 55% in the diets, the Charolais cros...

I Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra1*, Anak Agung Ngurah Badung Sarmuda Dinata2,  I Gede Mahardika1,  I Gusti  Nyoman Gde Bidura1

...head/day, but it was not significantly different from other treatments. Blood metabolic profile, body composition, and nutrient deposition were also not significantly different between all treatments. It can be concluded that the addition of HLF in concentrate does not affect the protein balance, blood metabolic profile, body composition, and nutrient deposition.
 
Keywords | Goat, Hibiscus, Prot...
Tri Eko Susilorini1*, Ahmad Furqon2, Wike Andre Septian1, Desinta Wulandari3, Suyadi Suyadi3
...t genotypes didn’t significantly affect milk production and compositions. Descriptively, Senduro goat with TT genotype had the highest milk production and compositions. In conclusion, the polymorphism of CSN3|Alw44I was polymorphic and could differentiate milk production and compositions among genotypes (TT>CT>CC).
 
Keywords | Key words: PCR-RFLP, Restriction enzyme, Polymorphic, Local goat, Kappa-casein
...

Soliman Mohammed Soliman1*, Mohsen Mahmoud Shoukry2, Ahmed Mohammed El-Okazy1, Ahmed Mahmoud El-Morsy1, Mahmoud Mohammed Soliman1

.../kg SBM (PP), which were significantly lower in degradation than the other levels. This reduction in the extent of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradation was mainly due to a marked decrease in the immediately degradable fraction (a), the potential fraction degradation (b), and a lower rate of degradation. Diets containing SBM treated with 200 or 250 gm of PP reduced in vitro gas production, methane production, and TVFA and ammonia concentrations wi...
Zayed Mohammad Ali I.1*, Mona Mohamdy1, M.F. Shehata1, Nasser Ghanem2
...ass traits. There was no significant (P< 0.05) difference on average pre slaughter weight (37.63± 2.97 and 36.88±3.83kg) for G1 and G2, respectively. However, significant differences were obtained between G1 and G2 in dressing percentage based on slaughter weight (49.11 vs. 46.21 %), liver percentage (1.74 vs. 1.39%) and percentages of edible parts (2.60 vs. 2.14%). Our results indicated that animals rose un...

Aiman Batool1, Muhammad Sohail Sajid1,2*, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan3**, Asif Iqbal4, Imaad Rashid5, Ibadullah Jan6, Faiza Bano7, Fiaz Ahmad8, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Nisar Khan1 

...the extrinsic factors, a significantly (P < 0.05) higher prevalence of endoparasites was determined in grazing animals (goat = 91.30%; sheep = 89.60%), animals with a poor hygienic measure (goat = 83.16%; sheep = 98.44%), open housing system (goat = 94.12%; sheep = 96.36%), and un-cemented floor patterns (goat = 91.47%; sheep = 94.31%). In the study area, nematodes (sheep = 48.43%, goat = 34.38%), babesia (sheep = 17.71%, goat = 3.91%) and ticks (goat = 48....

Barirah Rehman Talpur1, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1*, Imdad Hussain Leghari2, Mansoor Tariq1, Aisha Rehman3, Shahnawaz Kumbhar1 

... Dose and time dependent significant (p<0.05) increase in serum Alanine aminotransferase (GPT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gamma glutamyl transferase (γGT), uric acid and creatinine levels and significant (p<0.05) decrease of serum calcium levels were noted in all treatment groups of both species as compared to control. In rabbits and broilers, necropsy findings included mild inflammation and discoloration of li...

Hye-myoung, Jang 1,3, Ju-Hyeun, Kim3, Garam Park1, Yoon Dong Choi4, Sun-Eui Kim1,5, Gwang Joo Jeon1,2* 

...those in the control, AE significantly reduced both Aβ and τ-protein formation at p=0.05, indicating potentially preventative and medicinal effects of Agarwood against Alzheimer’s and other dementia related diseases. Aβ and τ protein formation in AE group were significantly decreased than those in the control group.

 

Keywords | Agarwood, Beta-amyloid (Aβ), Tau-protein, Demen...

Manatsanun Nopparatmaitree1*, Pornpan Saenphoom1, Sittichai Bunlue1, Silchai Washiraomornlert1, Warangkana Kitpipit2,3,4, Soranot Chotnipat1
...robiotic supplementation significantly affected the apparent digestibility of dry matter, ether extract, crude fiber, and crude protein (p<0.05). The supplementation of TABP combined with probiotics increased the lactic acid bacteria, Enterococcus sp., and volatile fatty acids (p < 0.05) and decreased Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in the cecum of different treatment to control groups (p < 0.05). In addition, TABP combined with probiotics supple...
Ade Djulardi1*, Robi Amizar2, Tigor Sanjaya1
...der in the ration had no significant effect (P>0.05) on ration consumption, daily egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and ration conversion at 20% and 18% protein levels. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that the addition of expired milk powders up to a dose of 0.50% did not affect the performance of quail aged 6-9 weeks. Numerically, higher income over feed cost (Rp. 274,272) was attained from the quail layer fed with 20% protein.
<...

Mohamed El-Henfnawy*, Essam A. El-Gendy, Ahamed M. El-Kaiaty, Mostafa Helal 

...ne. The results revealed significant G × S interactions for body weights at 4 and 10 weeks of age. The line effects on body weight traits were significant and consistent except for 2-wk body weight. Also, significant sex effects were shown for body weights at all ages. The effect of sex on biweekly body weight gains and growth rates was significant...
Chinar Mustafa Mohammed1*, Thamer M. Bashir1, Omar A.M. Al-Habib2, Farhad Ramadhan1, Mohammed Bassam1
...kg/hr and 10mg/kg/hr non significantly change heart rate (BPM), QRS intervals, S amplitude (mV), T amplitude (mV), ST height (mV), JT height (mV), QT intervals (s) and QTc (s).
 
Keywords | ECG, Taurine, Isolation, Heart rate, QRS
...

Hany M.R. Elsherif1, Ahmed Orabi2, Hussein M.A. Hassan3, Ahmed Samy3*

...acid salts (OAS’s) significantly (P<0.05) enhanced weight gain and feed efficiency. Dietary supplementation with OAS’s enhanced significantly (P<0.01) the weight of carcass and dressing percentages of birds. The liver, heart, gizzard, and spleen were unchanged (% of body weight). Birds fed diets enriched with SF or SP had considerably (P<0.05) longer and wider guts than the control group, and scored zero...

Tri Untari1*, Sitarina Widyarini2, Michael Haryadi Wibowo1, Marla Anggita1 

...pectively. There was a significant difference between the measured antibody titer of group I and other groups (p<0.05). No histopathological change was found in the livers and kidney suggesting there was no toxic effect of red ginger administration to the chickens. Red ginger powder could provide the highest immunostimulant effect on NDV vaccinated chicken with no toxic effect to the chickens.

Keywords | Antibody response, Immunostimulant, Newcast...

Abd El-Moniem Ali S. Mahgoub, Ahmed Mohamed Abd El-Hafeez, Mahmoud Yassin Mohamed*, Al-Moataz Bellah Mahfouz Shaarawy, Mohamed Ibrahim Nassar

...y matter intake tended insignificantly decrease with increasing levels from sesban hay. Final body weight, average daily gain, growth rate, and body weight gain did not affect by sesban supplementation. Supplementation of sesban hay improved feed conversion to digestible crude protein (P < 0.002). The replacement of clover hay 10, 20, and 30% ratios of sesban hay did not affect most of the puberty parameters and semen characteristics. Economic efficiency wa...
Asmaa Khamis1, Osama Abdalla1, Mohamed Hashem2, Noha Abdelnaeim1*
.... Our results revealed a significantly increased MDA, caspase-3, p53, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and, IL-10, and a significant decline in glutathione and superoxide dismutase in the CCl4 group. However, intoxicated groups treated with PN and PM showed marked improvement in the measured parameters. Therefore, PN and PM have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, especially PM, which sho...

Sepri Reski*, Maria Endo Mahata, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli

...up to 20% on feed highly significant effect (P≤0.01) of body weight, feed conversion, carcass quality, and did not significant effect of nutrient consumption and physiology organ. In conclusion, utilization of fermented Turbinaria murayana by IMO’s fruit wasted can be supplemented up to 15% in broiler diets to replace corn and rice bran.
 
Keywords | Broiler, Carcass, IMO’s fruit w...
Gamalat Y. Osman1, Elham M. Hassan1*, Tarek A. Salem2, Azza H. Mohamed1
...essive days) exhibited a significant reduction (P<0.05) in worm burden. A scan electron microscope examination of male worms showed tegument corrosions with reduced spines density and abnormal spine tubular shape. Treatments of infected mice with FEW or PZQ significantly reduced hepatic and intestinal total egg count, while showed a significant increase in dead egg percentages and reduc...
Noha M El-Motaily1, Ossama M Abdou1, Heba S Farag1, Kawkab A Ahmed2, Mahmoud Saber1*
...odicosis. Results showed significant decrease in the value of (PCV) and (TEC). Affected dogs also showed leukocytosis associated with lymphocytosis. Hypothyroidism demonstrated by reduced levels of free T4 and significant decrease in antioxidant trace elements level (Zn, Cu, Se).
 
Keywords | Antioxidant trace elements, Biochemistry, Canine demodicosis, Hematology, Histopathology
...

Mimi Syazwani Jaapar1, Eric Lim Teik Chung1,2*, Nazri Nayan1, Mamat Hamidi Kamalludin1,2, Mookiah Saminathan3, Kalai Vaani Muniandy2, Muhammad Hazziq Mohd Hamdan1, Shokri Jusoh1, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse2,4 

...cid and total VFA showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for the rumen fermentation characteristics. Generally, the T3 diet consisted of 60% B. decumbens diet demonstrated the lowest gas production, gas production parameters, acetic acid, and total VFA concentrations as compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, 10% of B. decumbens mixture displayed minimal effects in the in vitro assessment, while 60% of B. decumbens mixture showed the most
Ahmed Mohamed Elmahdy1*, Naglaa Mohammed Alkalamawy2
...stration of O.M. extract significantly reduced the histopathological effect of ivermectin on the liver and kidney. From our findings we concluded that the O.M. aqueous extract possessed a hepato-renal protective effect against ivermectin-induced adverse effects in rabbits.
 
Keywords | Hepato-renal, Ivermectin, Origanum Majorana, Rabbits
...

Asaad A. Fares1*, Mohamed M. Ghanem2, Yasein M. Abd El-Raof2, Hossam M. El-Attar2, Ameer A. Megahed2, Heba M. El-Khaiat2

... the DCAD group showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in Ca, Mg, P, K, Cl, and Na concentration pre and post calving, compared to non DCAD group. Before parturition, feeding on DCAD ration caused a significant increase in urea and creatinine, but decreased bicarbonate compared to non DCAD group. While after parturition urea, creatinine, and bicarbonate were decreased in the DCAD group, compared to the non DCAD group. Mil...

Ida Bagus Oka Winaya1*, Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi1, Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa2, I Gusti Ketut Suarjana2

...igs. This disease causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. This study aims to determine the histopathological changes of meningoencephalitis and arthritis in post-weaning piglets suspected of streptococcosis. The samples were 35 cadaver of post weaning piglets that showed muscle spasm and swollen joint at several villages in Badung Regency, Indonesia. Samples of the brain and synovial tissue were processed using hematoxylin-eosin dye...

Avijite Sarker, Sharmeen Islam, S.M. Ariful Islam, Md. Rokibul Islam Khan*, Md Mukhlesur Rahman 

...h, ME, OMD were elevated significantly with MFW and ensiling time (P<0.05). Comparing the parameters, T2 and T3 were preferable to prepare silages as cattle feed. Finally, it can be summed up that market fish waste is a valuable resource for the preservation of rice straw which provides farmers with cheap and environmentally friendly cattle feed.

Keywords | Environmental pollution, Silage, Metabolizable energy, Organic matter digestibility, Physical...

Luu Huynh Anh1, Huynh Tan Loc2, Nguyen Hong Xuan3, Le Minh Thanh1, Trinh Thi Hong Mo4, Ly Thi Thu Lan5, Nguyen Trong Ngu1*
...the PC+MHH6PR2 group was significantly lower (16.7%) than in the PC group (58.3%). The frequency of lesions and E. coli densities in the heart, liver, and spleen of chickens treated with MHH6 and PR2 phages were greatly decreased in infected chickens. After 98 days, the body weight of birds from the E. coli-infected groups treated with MHH6 and PR2 phages was lower than individuals in non-E. coli-infected groups (1,313-1,324 g/bird) but higher and
Rubaijaniza Abigaba1,4*, Pharaoh C. Sianangama1, Progress H. Nyanga2, Edwell S. Mwaanga3, Wilson N.M. Mwenya1
...les. This study revealed significant association between the respondents’ gender and their education status (P<0.001), income status (P<0.001), land size (P<0.01), rearing experience (P<0.05), and flock size (P<0.05). The age of respondents was not associated (P>0.05) with gender. Most (55.5%) male respondents as well as the majority of females (83.4%) had low awareness. The female respondents had lower biotechnology awareness than the ...

Ghulam Abbas1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Saeed2*; Safdar Imran3, Ashgar Ali Kamboh4, Duraid KA Al-Taey5, Muhammad Asad Aslam1, Muhammad Saeed Imran6, Muhammad Ashraf3, Muhammad Asif7, Abdul Jabbar Tanveer8, Razia Abdul Majid Qureshi9, Maria Arshad1, Hussain Ahmed Khan Niazi1, Muhammad Tariq10, Sikandar Abbas1 

...chia coli and Salmonella significantly in the cecum of broilers. Butyric acid fed 500 g/t feed significantly increased eggshell thickness, eggshell weight, and calcium concentrations in bones and reduced ammonia concentrations in the caecum. Egg production was increased upto 9.84% by the supplementation of OA. Organic acids also have promising effect on gut health evidenced by positive effect on all the intestinal parameters...

Iram Liaqat1*, Umaima Bibi2, Muhammad Arshad3 and Najma Arshad2*

...cavenging capability and significant antioxidant activity. On the other hand, H. officinalis plant extracts exhibited low free radical scavenging ability and antioxidant potential. Obtained knowledge via present study have been extended further for isolation of potential bioactive components with natural and inherent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

...

Junaid Ali1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Muhammad Ilyas3, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha4*, Muhammad Arshad5, Muhammad Akram6, Mina Kharal7, Ehsan Ullah1, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Fareeha Athar1, Ayesha Mustafa1 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

...evels and sowing methods significantly affected growth and yield of lentil crop. The maximum plant height (47.66 cm), branches per plant (11.66), pods/plant (85.33), biological yield (5204 kg/ha), 1000 grain weight (20 g) and grain yield (1145.30 kg/ha) were recorded in ridge sowing with three irrigations applied 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) and minimum plant height (38.33 cm) branches/plant (5), pods/plant (61.33), biological yield (4820 kg/ha), 1000...

Adil Ali Gadahi1, Wajid Ali Jatoi1, Saima Mir Arain2, Jay Kumar Sootaher1*, Piar Ali Shar1, Sadaf Memon1, Muhammad Saleem Chang3, Zeeshan Majeed Kumbhar1 and Kirshan Kumar Menghwar1

...he ANOVA results exposed significant differences among genotypes as well as treatments for most of the attributes, however genotypes x treatment was also significant for several characters. Among the treatments, T3 (four irrigation) recorded higher mean perform then T2 (two irrigation) and T1 (zero irrigation) which showed that different irrigation regimes caused significantly impact on al...

Nur Prabewi , Supriyanto, Budi Purwo Widiarso* 

...d that herbal marination significantly improved the quality of broiler meat in terms of the antioxidant and protein content (P<0.05). It also demonstrated a significant increase in meat tenderness (P<0.05), however there was no significant effect on the cholesterol content. Six hours of marinated meat were pale pink and softer when compared to the 0 hour and 3 hours of herbal marinat...

Muhammad Zeeshan Nadeem1, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem1*, Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid1 and Muhammad Anwar ul Haq2

...y;increased plant height significantly during both years of study over the other priming agents. Similarly, maximum fodder yield during both growing seasons (67 t ha-1) was observed under CaCl2 seed priming. Likewise, fodder crude proteins, crude fiber contents, ash contents and ether extractable fat were increased prominently by CaCl2 over the other priming agents. Among the cultivars, Sargodha Bajra 2011 performed better than other cultivars it showed better...

Noor Muhammad Khan1,2, Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,3*, Rashid Rehan2 and Iftikhar Zeb4

...) and Cadmium (Cd) was insignificant due to their low concentration in wastewater. The T.l had the average removal efficiency for Pb, Ni, and Cu in the order of 36.9%, 27.3%, and 22.9%, while for A.d it was 33.3%, 33.1%, and 24.5%, respectively. The T.l showed better results when compared with the A.d for HM recovery from wastewater. Both the species has aided advantage for translocation of HM off the treatment site as the biomass has usage in the local market...

Iqtidar Hussain1, Haroon Shahzad2*, Sami Ullah2*, Muhammad Jawad Nazir1 and Muhammad Rizwan3

...ed that chemical control significantly best over control (No Treatment) after hand weeding. Agronomic parameters i.e., germination percentage (%), 50% tasselling, 50% silking, ear height (cm), stem diameter (cm), leaf area (m2), Biological yield (t ha-1), and grain yield (t ha-1), significantly affected by different weed management practices in three maize varieties. Maize variety Afghoiy interacted with Dafli (herbicide) af...

Adimabua Mike Moemeka1, Ufuoma Godstime Sorhue1*, Sylvanus Ikenna Omeje2, Lawrence Bratte2, Raphael Onainor1, Okpara Oghenesuvwe2 

...trient digestibility was significantly different (P<0.05) among treatments. The average total weight gain ranged from 13.22kg in T2 to 17.18kg in T1 followed closely by 16.44kg in T3. There were significant differences (P<0.05) among the treatments for all the performance characteristics studied, except average daily weight gain and feed conversion rate. Average daily weight gain was 0.24kg in T1 and 0.17kg in T2, whil...

Muhammad Bakhtiar1*, Fayaz Ali Niaz2, Asim Muhammad2, Mamoona Munir3, Wajiha Seerat4, Sadiqullah Khan5, Ghulam Yaseen6, Muhammad Noman Khan7 and Asma Bibi8

...ign: justify;">Canola is significant oil crop and Nitrogen and sulfur act as the key plant nutrients that promote the plant growth and also raise the quality of its oil. It is very crucial to find a suitable dose of N and S for the oil crops, so keeping in view this experiment was designed in RCB design with 4 replications (each has one control plot) in research area of agriculture university Peshawar. Two factor were studied in this experiment i.e. 5 N doses ...

Akbar Hayat1*, Marayam Nasir2, Ehsan-Ul-Haque1, Muhammad Asim1, Sohaib Afzaal1, Shagufta Naz3, Muhammad Nawaz1, Abid Mahmood4, Faheem Khadija1, Fiaz Hussain1 and Tariq Mehmood5

...d adaptability, while no significant difference in juice contents was observed among all the tested cultivars. Physical quality of fruit (weight, firmness, size etc.,), and TSS were significantly affected by varying rootstocks. Cox mandarin was found as best cultivar as imparting maximum weight (180.7 g), size (74.10 mm), TSS (12.0 ⁰B). Overall, cox mandarin budded with Kinnow performed well under local climatic conditions...

Naseem Sharif1,2*, Imran Muhammad Siqqique2, Muhammad Kashif Raza3, Urwa Irshad1, Muhammad Ikhlaq Khan4, Ammara Noreen4 , Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi1, Mohsin Abbas5, Muhammad Maaz Aziz5, Sitwat Riaz5, Komal Aslam5 and Naseem Akhtar6

Mahreen Hanif*, Shafqat Saeed, Mudssar Ali, Muqadas Younas, Huda Bilal, Syeda Fatima Bukhari

Hamdy Abdala Elnagar, Wael Mohamed Wafa*, Abdelaziz Mustafa Sakr, Mohammed Mahmoud Hegazy 

...plasma. Results showed insignificant increase in TES and PRL by age advancing at 1-3 month, and in leptin at 1-6 month of age. All hormones markedly increased up to 24 month of age. TES increased by increasing body weight (BW) from 40 to 420 kg. Leptin and PRL increased by increasing BW (>200 and >120 kg, respectively). The polynomial regression equation for all hormones gave the highest R2 values 0.889 and 0.971 for the unique measurement of age-TES and...

Syeda Rubab Zaidi* and Safdar Ali Mirza

...hemical compounds. Other significant experimental findings were; optimum incubation period was 7 days, inoculum size was 3 discs of 0.5 cm, CuSO4 as inducer improved production, laccase activity of crude extract i.e. 10.89U/ml increased to 15.07U/ml with purification of the enzyme, the purified samples of enzyme was significantly greater protein concentration than crude sample so, the optimum pH was 5.0 for laccase activity ...

Asim Faraz1, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Ayman Balla Mustafa4, Amir Ismail5, Muhammad Arslan Akbar6, Abdul Waheed1* and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel7

...radiol levels were found significantly high (P<0.05) with the value of 3.46±0.25 ng/ml at day 14th and 4.45±0.34 ng/ml at day 21st in G2 (Pregnant animals), while in non-pregnant group serum P4 concentration was recorded to be 1.05±0.29 ng/ml which is considered as basal level of progesterone in dromedary camel. Mean serum estrogen concentration (P<0.05) was found to be 25.28±2.71, 54.80±2.52 pg/ml at 14th and 21st day ...

Heba Abdo Basha1, Walaa Slouma Hamouda Abd El Naby2*, Samya Erian Ibrahim3, Abeer Fikry Elnahas2 

...tage didn’t change significantly for high or low body weight. While carcass cuts percentage increased in high body weight birds compared to low weight. We conclude that no association was present between the SNPs recorded neither at MSTN coding region nor at IGF-2-3’UTR and the body weight or carcass traits. Further studies are needed to associate these SNPs with different growth stages of turkey.

Keywords | Black Bronze turkey; MSTN; IGF-2...

Mohamed A. Hussein1, Bahgat A. Abd El-Rehman2, Kareem A. Eldin2, Mohamed Fouad Mansour1* 

...;

...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi

...mato plants also reduced significantly. Terpenes, esters, aldehydes, phenols and ketones were identified as the major constituents of the fractions with partial characterization. The reduction in nematode population in the screenhouse and field signifies that fractions from M. indica could be employed in place of the environmentally undependable synthetic nematicides, while encouraging a sustainable and safe environment in tomato cultivation.

...

Nishant Shah1*, Rakesh Kumar Yadav1, Anil Gautam1*, Shambhu Shah1 and Mohan Kumar Gupta2

...e was also recorded. The significantly minimum ammonia (ppm) was recorded in CRH (30.53±0.77); however, the maximum ammonia (ppm) was recorded in RH (49.78±0.42) with that compared to SD (33.42±0.25) and RS (43.22±0.56). Similarly, the mortality rate due to colisepticemia was recorded minimum in CRH (68.75%), however, the maximum was recorded in RH (86.25%) with that of compared to SD (70.00%) and RS (77.50%). It showed that CRH ads...

Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir Rajput1, Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Ghulam Murtaza Kaleri2, Tanzeela-ul-Zahra1,3, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4 and Zeeshan Rasheed1

...in leaves than stems. No significant difference was recorded in approximate and corrected generation time of FAW between leaves and stems. Innate capacity of increase (rc) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) recorded on stems (0.1237±0.0032 and 0.1248±0.0033, respectively) were higher than leaves (0.1027±0.0025 and 0.1034±0.0026, respectively). Finite rate of increase (λ), doubling time (DT) and net reproductive rate ...

Rana Aamir Shehzad1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Sabir Hussain Shah2, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Imran Shehzad1

...vely, all the treatments significantly improved the soil characteristics and nutrient concentration of wheat plant compared to control (T1). Use of phosphocompost proved very useful to enhance soil health and consequently nutritional characteristic of wheat crop.

...

Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Hamza Latif1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Gulfam Yousuf1 and Muhammad Afzal2

...e. Our findings showed a significant effect (P < 0.001) of these chemicals on the mortality and consumption rate of FAW larvae. Results show that mortality increased in all treatments with time. Recommended dose of chlorantraniliprole (50 ml/100 litre water) insecticide showed 71.0% mortality of FAW on 5th day, which increased up to 82.0% on the 7th day after application of treatments. No significant (P > 0.05) differe...

Inam Ul Haq1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Mansoor Khan Khattak1 and Ahmad Khan2

...hat the treatments had a significant effect on the plant height, spike m-2, grains spike-1, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index. The highest plant height (0.44 m) and spike m-2 (88) were found in the combination of P3 with C2. The highest grain yield (3298 kg ha-1) was recorded in the combination of P2 and C3. The highest biological yield (9144 kg ha-1) was found in P1 with C3. Though the highest grains spike-1 (89), thousand-grain weight (45 g) a...

Nkana Kontchiachou J. Gwladys1, Kouamo Justin2, Vemo Bertin Narcisse3*, Mweugang Ngouopo Nathalie4, Wang-Baa Temoa Christophe1, Awantu Christian Funwi1, Semi Yam Alphonsius1, Kenne Noubissie Christèle5, Tendonkeng Fernand5

...d granulocytes increased significantly (p<0.05) in guinea pigs supplemented at 0.5% green anise, compared to the control. The haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume of haemoglobin, the number of red blood cells and the concentration of placitonin were comparable (p>0.05) among rations. The number of platelets rose with an increasing level of green anise supplementation, but the significant

Duong Thanh Hai1*, Tomas J. Acosta2, Tran Thi Minh Tu3

...00 nM (PF1000) decreased significantly the absolute conversion of Cs to Cr (p<0.05). Thus, the PF1000 was chosen for the further studies. Tissues of endometrium were collected at the follicular stage (days 19-21), and exposed to Cs (300 nM) or Cs (300 nM) combined with oxytocin (OT, 100 nM) in the presence or absence of PF1000 in 4 h. The PGE and PGF secretion in cultured endometrial tissue did not affected by Cs and Cr converted from Cs. PGE and PGF produc...
Yasmin M.M. Mahmoud
...ved T1 and T2 recorded a significant increases (P < 0.05) in the digestion coefficients, feeding values, actual milk yield, 4 %-fat corrected milk, the composition of milk fat %, total solid %, lactose % and dry matter intake. Also, better (P < 0.05) feed conversion was observed with the tested rations based on control (T0). Blood analysis and hematological characteristics were also estimated. It is recommended to replace berseem hay with dried broccoli ...

Teguh Wahyono1,2*, Wahidin Teguh Sasongko3, Wijaya Murti Indriatama4, Setiawan Martono5, Slamet Widodo3, Widhi Kurniawan6, Muhamad Nasir Rofiq7

... different variety had a significant impact on NDF (P < 0.05), ADF, OM, and CP (P < 0.01). Wilting treatment had no significant impact on all aspects of in vitro degradability. In contrast, variety difference had a significant impact on in vitro degradability (P < 0.01). Results of the current study indicate that wilting treatment influences the sensory score and chemical quality ...

Farzana Begum* and Gohar Ayub

...on and their interaction significantly affected seed yield and quality parameters of okra. The average of two years results showed that maximum pod length (15.23 cm), number of seeds pod-1(58.09), seed weight pod-1(3.57 g), 1000 seed weight (g), seed yield (1.72 t ha-1), germination (79.61 %) and seed viability (91.85 %) were observed in seeds harvested from plants sown on March 30 as compared to seeds harvested from late sown plants on May 9. Highest hard see...

Syed Muhammad Amir1*, Shehzad Khan2, Asif Ali Abro3, Ehsan Inamullah4 and Tahir Mehmood5

...king and fuel collection significantly reduced after biogas adoption; and it also generates opportunity of alternative activities in saved time, and enhances fuel energy consumption pattern. Biogas technology brings improvement in the economic condition in terms of reduced expenditure (on buying other fuel energy materials and on buying chemical fertilizers), and in terms of higher earnings from selling trees. In light of the findings from this research, bioga...

Amal Ramadan Fawy1, Hussein Yousef Ahmed2, El-Sayed S.E. Shabana3, Mohamed Abdelfattah Maky4*

...wed that fat content was significantly lowered in F1 and F2 (beef fat partially replaced by olive and rice bran oils, respectively) than in control (100% beef fat). In addition to, aerobic plate count (APC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) for F1 and F2 groups were significantly lesser than the control group. F1 and F2 had significant
Widiastuti Ardiansyah1,3*, Osfar Sjofjan2, Eko Widodo2, Suyadi Suyadi2, Danung Nur Adli2
...a one-way ANOVA and if a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) was identified, least significant difference testing was then applied. The effect of T4 on egg production performance, feed conversion and egg weight were highly significant (p≤ 0.01) and from the results it was concluded that the best treatment was T4, namely basal dieting with the addition of 0.8% turmeric and 0.6% probiotics.<...
Amreen Zahra1*, Mushtaq A. Saleem2, Hasnain Javed3, Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4
...on among the isolates. A significant accessory resistance mutation V32I conferring a low level of resistance against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was observed among two isolates. This kind of genotypic pattern demonstrated a striking evidence of multiple transmission routes and co-circulating viruses due to increased genetic diversity in Pakistani isolates. However, SNAP analyses demonstrated higher values for Subtype A1 and Subtype C denoti...

Xing Lu1, Mahmoud A.O. Dawood2, Fan Wu1, Hua Wen1, Wei Liu1, Juan Tian1, Ming Jiang1, Li-Juan Yu1, Xiang Li3, Ning Xu3 and Hong-Wei Liang1*

...scle protein content was significantly increased when turtles were fed diets with 200 or 400 mg kg-1 L-carnitine (P < 0.05). The serum biochemical indices analysis revealed that dietary L-carnitine at 400 mg kg-1 had markedly reduced triglyceride (TG) concentration (P < 0.05). The elevated expression of hepatic igf1 gene at the transcriptional level was positively correlated with dietary L-carnitine levels on the growth performance of Chinese soft-shelle...
Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Misbah Rizwan2, Muhammad Arshad3, Muhammad Zeeshan3, Hamza Latif3, Usama Bin Khalid1, Shawaiz Iqbal1
...nt planting geometry, no significant difference was recorded in the agronomic parameters except yield and 1000 grain weight. The highest yield was recorded in a plot with 90 cm path followed by 60, 30 and 0cm path, respectively. Towards different doses of nitrogen and phosphorus on N. lugens, the higher dose of nitrogen had a significant effect on N. lugens nymph survival, adult emergence and survival, while the phosphorus i...

Yasmin M. M. Mahmoud* 

...ght and weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) higher with diets containing up to 2%-DCHL than control one. Feed intake were higher (P<0.05) for G1 compared with those of the other dietary treatments. Diets involved up to 2%-DCHL had achieved the best (P<0.05) feed conversion compared with control one. In blood plasma, concentrations of total protein, albumin and globulin as well as activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransf...

Aiman Al-Mufarji3, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3*, Rashid Al-Zeidi1, Haitham Al-Masruri2, Al-Hassan Mohammed4

...icated that body weights significantly (P < 0.05) improved in ewes and lambs treated with M. oleifera. M. oleifera supplementation increased significantly (P < 0.05) fat (%) and milk energy (MJ/kg) whereas it lowered solid not-fat and lactose (%). Red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) during pre-and post-partum periods showed significant increases (P < 0.05) with M. ...
Basel A. Abokhadra, Samah M. Mosad, Sahar Abd El Rahman*
...genital tract and causes significant economic losses to domestic cattle in Egypt. Although BoHV-5 mainly causes encephalitis in calves, the virus is excreted in nasal discharge under stress factors, so herpesvirus latency reactivation cycle is the hallmark of the disease. In the present study, molecular screening of 60 nasal swabs, collected from clinically suspected animals, was established by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting glycoprotein B (gB) gene...

Sajid Ali1*, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin2, Asad Ali Khan2, Dawood Ahmad4, Ikram Ullah5, Faiq Ahmad2, Sajjad6 and Sikandar Azam1

... studied parameters were significantly affected by P, Zn and AT. Ear length (17.8 cm), ear weight (115.8 g), grains ear-1 (390) and thousand grains weight (257 g) had significantly affected when 120 kg P ha-1 was applied. Similarly, ear length (18.4 cm), ear weight (129.6 g), grains ear-1 (407) and thousand grains weight (258.33 g) were significantly affected in plots treated at the rate o...

Imtiaz Ahmed*, Imran Khan and Zia Ud Din

...rotein content increased significantly while the carbohydrate content had significantly lower values (p, for all trends < 0.05) as the ratio of incorporation increased when compared with the control sample (data not shown here). The CWB also showed significantly (P<0.05) higher phenolic and total flavonoids content. Furthermore,CWB showed significant

Najmul Saqib* and Himayathullah Khan

...sitive and statistically significant. It was found that intercropping practice in comparison to boundary line plus intercropping was statistically significant.

...

A. El-Shemy1*, Hoda M. Mekky2, M. A. Bosila2, A. M. Allam1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi2, M. M. Amer3 

...(DVH) is one of the most significant viral diseases in young ducklings; it results inhigh potential mortality and great economic losses. We collected liver samples from three duck farms representing Muscovy and Pekin breeds at ages ranging from 2 to 4 weeks and located in two Egyptian governorates between August and October 2018. The affected ducks were suffering from a short course of nervous signs, and mortality was high, reaching 75% within 3–4 days. ...

Ziaul Islam1*, Asad Sultan1, Sar Zamin Khan1 and Sher Bahader Khan2

...ly. Body weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) enhanced by all different dietary treatments compared to birds in controlled group. Lymphoid organs weight was higher (P<0.05) in birds in groups (OA-200, EO-150 and OA+EO). Log CUF count of Lactobacillus were significantly increased and that of Escherichia coli and Salmonella were decreased by birds in group OA-200, EO-150 and OA+EO both at day-21- and 35 compared to con...

Hui Xu1,*, Ronghua Luo1, Yaping Duan1, Mingjia Chen1, Jiaxu Zhou1 and Xiaoli Shao2

...P<0.05); there was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). To conclude, Fibrobronchoscope-assisted lavage combined with azithromycin in the treatment of children with MPP can regulate the expression of Th17/Treg and sB7-H3, Gal-3, SP-A in peripheral blood, promote the improvement of clinical symptoms, improve lung function. 

...
Baila Ahmad1, Muhammad Ammar Khan1*, Zulfiqar Ahmad1, Rana Muhammad Bilal2 and Asghar Ali Kamboh3
... min) was evaluated. The significantly (p<0.05) lowest EM, but highest (p<0.05) WHC of T3 samples depicted raw meat processing quality improvement. Moreover, dietary incorporation of 40 ppm Zn resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decline (1.88%) in DL as compared to the control that illustrated remarkable raw meat yield improvement. Similarly, the reduction (p<0.05) of CL of T3 samples increased the industrial prof...

Xiaojing Liu and Zhongxin Li*

...e aminotransferase (AST) significantly reduced in rats treated with TSG (20 mg/kg) (P<0.05), blood total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) significantly increased (P<0.05), VEGF expression significantly reduced (P<0.05) and MMP-9 expression significantly increased (P <0.05). The present study results showed that TSG could reduce proteinuria leve...

Madiha Khalil1, Amjad Farooq1, Asim Faraz2*, Abdul Waheed2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Riaz Hussain Mirza2 and Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2

... of calving had a highly significant (p<0.01) effect on lactation length, month of calving and parity. Lactation milk yield was significantly affected by year of calving (p<0.01) and month of calving (p<0.05) while parity had a non-significant (p˃0.05) effect. Milk yield over 305 days was significantly (p<0.05) affected by year and month of ...
Tariq Mehmood1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Ayesha Safder Chaudhry1, Kamran Ashraf2, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1,3, Muhammad Faisal Ayoob3*, Mudassir Hussain4, Farrukh Saleem3 and Muhammad Fayaz3
...lyte parameters showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in the concentration of sodium ions in group C compared to group A and B on day 15 and 30 of post-surgery. In contrast, the concentration of chloride, potassium, and bicarbonate ions was found to be insignificant. A significant difference (P<0.05) was reported in various blood parameters in group A and B when compared with grou...
Muhammad Zaeem Abbas1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Amjad Islam Aqib2, Mughees Aizaz Alvi1*, Muhammad Haleem Tayyab1, Muzafar Ghafoor1, Muhammad Usman Naseer3, Ali Abbas4 and Ali Hassan1
...igher risk of ketosis. A significant co-relation was observed between ketosis and milk yield, body condition score and puerperal metritis. Collectively, the animals with high milk yield, in third week of lactation, carrying >4 body condition score, in third parity and aged buffaloes were more prone to ketosis. These results highlight the occurrence of ketosis in buffaloes and offers an action plan to mitigate the risk of ketosis which may result in better p...

Khalid Javed Iqbal1, Irfan Baboo2*, Arshad Javid3, Noor Khan4, Hamid Majeed5, Azra Anwer1, Zahid Farooq2, Muhammad Altaf6 and Moazam Jalees7

...f exposure period. IONPs significantly affected the counts of WBCs, Hb, MCH and MCHC of experimental and control groups. The analysis of blood profile demonstrated that haematological parameters; the number of WBCs and Hb were increased in T1 and decreased in T2 in relation to T0. The counts of RBCs, HCT, MCV and PLT were found to be increased in both experimental groups as compared to control one. It is inferred from current results that IONPs have toxic effe...

Veronica Ngozi Emenuga1, Clara Idara Eleazar2*, Seto Tunrayo Aladenika1  

...ing and the milk was not significantly (P= 0.365) different. The distributions of various species within the bedding was significantly different (P= 0.001). Trichophyton mentagrophytes had the highest rate in the beddings (22%) followed by T. verrucosum (16%), while T. verrucosum had highest occurrence rate (24.2%) in cattle samples followed by the T. mentagrophytes (21.2%). Candida albicans was the most prevalent ...

Nurul Isnaini*, Akhmad Kurniawan, Muhammad Nur Ihsan, Dedes Amertaningtyas, Artharini Irsyammawati, Faizal Andri 

...sp;rainfall did not significantly affect (p > 0.05) cow body weight and body condition score. However, the calf born in the high rainy days and rainfall had a heavier (p < 0.05) birth weight and weaning weight comparing with those born in the low rainfall and rainy days. These results indicated that the different rainfall and rainy days have no considerable effect on cow performance raised under oil palm and cattle integrated far...

Abdul Ghaffar*, Niaz Hussain, Muhammad Nadeem, Khalid Hussain, Muhammad Aslam, Mudassar Khaliq, Muhammad Irshad, Zubeda Parveen and Muhammad Younas

...so confirmed the highest significant contribution of secondary branches per plant (91.57%) followed by pods (78.12%) and each plant’s primary branches (64%). It was proved from the current experiment that Plants with secondary branches as well as pods may be focused on while assessing meaningful selection criteria for genetic improvement in chickpea.

...

Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Amir Hamza1, Muhammad Saad1, Said Ghulam2 and Azmat Ullah1

...owever, potassium levels significantly affected yield and quality traits except fiber micronaire. Potassium fertilizer (soil-applied) at 250 kg ha-1 along with five foliar sprays of K2SO4 produced higher plant height, sympodial branches plant-1, bolls plant-1, 100 cotton seed weight, seed cotton yield, ginning outturn, fiber length, and fiber strength compared to other K-levels. Moreover, tillage × potassium interaction indicated that reduced tillage alo...

Dede Kardaya*, Dewi Wahyuni, Elis Dihansih 

...oss and fat content were significantly lowered (P<0.05) in ducks treated with treatment rations. No significant differences were found in other physical and chemical quality parameters. It was concluded that supplementation of 2, 4, and 6% AGLM reduced cooking loss and fat content of spent layer duck meat.

Keywords | Antioxidant, Cooking loss, Hydroxy citric acid, Spent layer duck, Nonconventional rations

...

Bibi Hajira*, Imran Khan and Zia-ud-Din

...els than CB. RDS content significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in 40% and 50% sorghum and barley-containing bread (SBB), respectively, compared to CB. The eGI of SBB, at all incorporation levels, was significantly (P < 0.05) lowered compared to CB. Consumer sensory evaluation revealed that bread containing sorghum and barley flour, up to 40% level, was acceptable based on pre-set acceptability criteria. In conclusion, incor...

Umair Faheem1*, Qurban Ali2, Mussurat Hussain1, Abrar Ahmad3, Tamsila Nazir2, Ghayour Ahmad3, Idrees Ahmad3, Madiha Mobeen4, Hammad Hussnain3 and Nadia Hussain Ahmad3

...ct pests and parasitoids significantly reduced using insecticides. In Pakistan, environmental friendly insecticides need to be encouraged to avoid their deleterious effects on beneficial insects.

...

Athhar Manabi Diansyah1, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2 

... in Bali-horned bull was significantly lower (P<0.01) than Bali-polled bull, Brahman, Limousine, and Simmental. The sperms viability in Bali-horned and polled bull was significantly lower (P<0.01) compared to other bull breeds. The membrane integrity and acrosome integrity of Bali-polled bull sperms was significantly higher (P<0.01) than in Bali-horned bull. DCL, DAP, and DSL of B...

Arsalan Maqbool1,2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1,3*, Eric Lim Teik Chung3,5, Abd Wahid Haron3, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila5, Bura Thlama Paul3,4, Khaliq ur Rehman Bhutto3,6 

 

... concentration increased significantly (p<0.05) whereas estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the non-vaccinated group compared to vaccinated and control groups in both seasons. The study outcomes shown that climate has neither significant effect on reproductive physiology nor exaggerated the effect on an experimentally inf...

Taufiq Bachtiar1, Muftia Hanani2, Anisiyah2, Winda Puspitasari2, Wahidin Teguh Sasongko3, Teguh Wahyono4*

... soil pH. Results showed significant (p < 0.001) differences in fiber content, non-fiber carbohydrate content, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) parameters among studied genotypes.   There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two soil pH conditions for ash, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, and non-fiber carbohydrate. Organi...
Gamilat A. Elsaid1, Weam Mohamed Baher1*, Eman Shukry1, Abeer E. Abd El. Ghafar2, Marwa Shalaby1
...cheese manufacture could significantly reduce E. coli O26:H11 in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, strict hygienic measures should be adopted during all manufacture steps of kareish cheese. The use of KS and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis during kareish cheese manufacture is highly recommended.
 
Keywords | Kareish cheese, E. coli, Egypt, potassium sorbate, Bifido-bacterium
...
Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini*, Ali Basim Abd Al-Hadi
...y revealed that lamb sex significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influences the live body weight of Awassi ewes. Association analysis of lamb sex with body measurements of pregnant ewes, including singleton and twin, showed that male pregnant Awassi ewes had higher body dimensions than the female pregnant Awassi ewes. There was the highest correlation (P ≤ 0.05) between lamb sex with live body weight and body dimensions of ewes with single and twin pregnancies. In conc...
Eman M. Aboelela1, Mohamed A. Sobieh2, Eman M. Abouelhassan3, Doaa S. Farid4, Essam S. Soliman2*
...stations revealed highly significant (P < 0.01) increases during fall and spring and fall in dogs and cats respectively; at < 1-year dogs and cats during all seasons; and during winter in males and spring in female dogs, summer in males, and winter in female cats. PPinfestations revealed highly significant (P < 0.01) increases in German dogs and Persian cats in the four seasons; during fall in black and Tan dogs and...
Ali Basim Abd Al-Hadi*, Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini, Mohammed Baqur Sahib Al-Shuhaib
...iation analysis revealed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between CC and other genotypes in reproductive hormone levels. Estrogen and progesterone were significantly higher (P≤0.05) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were lower in the CC genotype (85.10 ± 3.11) (pg/ml), (8.82 ± 0.52) (ng/ml), and (13.95 ± 2.71) (ng/ml) respectively compared to a CG and GG genotypes in twins versus sing...

Ayesha Khan*, Mohammad Tariq Aziz, Urooba Pervaiz and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

... internet whereas highly significant relationship existed for literacy status and tenancy status with access to internet while non-significant relationship was found with farming experience. It is recommended that farmers’ skills should be upgraded through training on how to use modern ICT tools for getting information and its application in the field to increase adoption and enhance agricultural production.

...

Zahin Anjum1*, Farhat Shehzad1, Shaista Ali1, Sumbla Yousaf2, Amina Rahat1 and Hamid Ullah Shah3

Muhammad Jamil1*, Kamran Javed1 and Imran Akhtar2

...results indicated that a significant level of variation was existing among the strains for disease index, plant population and micronaire value at (p<0.05), while means for all other study traits were found highly significant at (p<0.01). Descriptive statistics illustrated presence of sufficient range in the studied traits. Out of 11 principal components (PC), first 5 PC indicated Eigen value >1 and contributed 75.8...

Amina Batool1*, Saba Aleem1, Ali Nawaz1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Waheed Arshad1, Muhammad Aslam2, Shiraz Ali3 and Muhammad Zeeshan3

...ost pivotal factors that significantly impact grain quality and yield in wheat. In wheat-based crop production system, it can be easily managed. An indiscrimination in seeding rate can lead to higher production cost but will also result in decline of crop yield and quality. Hence, the present experiment was designed to establish the optimal seeding density of three different wheat genotypes (Fatehjang-2016, Dharabi-11 and 16FJ17) of the Barani Areas to attain ...

Zohair S. Mulla1*, Mostafa M. Abdelhafeez2 

...d using multiplex PCR. A significant decrease in the microbial loads was recorded after dipping of the formulated ground beef as meat balls in the acid solutions, particularly at the acid cocktail 2%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report isolation and identification of shiga toxin producing E. coli from retailed meat products in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Keywords | Ground beef, Sausage, Burger, Microbial status, E. coli, Organic...

Xiaoguang Su1,*, Yanjun Gao2, Yanling Wang1 and Yaohui Ma2

..., the cell viability was significantly reduced (P <0.05), the apoptosis rate was significantly increased (P <0.05), the levels of Ki-67, PCNA, Bcl-2 protein were significantly reduced (P <0.05), and the level of Bax protein was significantly increased (P <0.05), the expression level of miR-128-3p was increased signifi...

Rahmat Ullah Khan1*, Asif Sadam2, Karim Gabol1, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Sajid Mahmood4, Mustafa Kamal5, Hamid Ullah6, Syed Abidullah7, Muhammad Tufail8, Bashir Ahmad4, Gul Bacha Khan4 and Habib Ul Hassan1

Lin Li1,2, Pingsheng Ye1, Xi Chen1, Shuping Yan1 and Yuanshu Zhang1*

...tal vein - hepatic vein) significant increase in the HC group (P<0.01) and it was positive value. The net hepatic glucose, cholesterol and BHBA productions (portal vein - hepatic vein) were all negative values in the HC group. Expression of hepatic PC and PEPCK mRNA were up-regulated in HC group but had no significant effect (P>0.05). The mRNA expression of hepatic HMGCS2 significant...

Shambel Boki Dabi

...aled that the site had a significant impact on the concentration of free carbon dioxide (P<0.05). However, no significant changes in alkalinity and chloride were found in any of the streams (P>0.05). Generally, even though the concentrations of the analyzed parameters vary among streams and river basins, they are generally within the range of fish production.

...

Qian Chong1, Muhammad Mohsin2*, Zhu Ting1, Chen Qiqi1 and Ana Mehak3

...ince marine waters are a significant place of commercial fisheries in China as these resources are rich in fish fauna. However, decreased fish biomass catch has been observed during recent years, putting a big question about the ongoing stock status of commercial fisheries. Therefore, this paper strives to appraise the population dynamics of Trichiurus lepturus in Zhejiang, China which would help fishery managers. For this, authentic data, 1999 – 2018, c...
Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1*, Khalid Mehmood2,4, Shakeel Ahmed3, Fazul Nabi4, Muhammad Arif Rizwan1, Muhammad Kaleem1, Mushtaq Ahmed1, Abdul Waheed1 and Jiakui Li5
...at VEGF mRNA levels were significantly (P<0.05) up-regulated; however, the Flk-1 receptor levels were down-regulated in TD-affected birds significantly (P< 0.05) as compared with the control group. Furthermore, thiram induction also increased the levels of AST, ALT and MDA contents in liver, whereas decreased the antioxidant enzymes (SOD; GSH-Px) and ALP values in thiram group, while these values were found close to no...
Ali Hasan1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1*, Nasreen Muzaffer1, Shamsa Jabeen1 and Ali Hussain2
...somewhat unexpected, and significant increase in forewing length was also noticed while observing the workers of treatment groups 8 and 12 (pollen + L. brevis in 50 % (w/v) sucrose in distilled water) showing forewing length values (mm) as 6.75 ± 0.09 and 6.55 ± 0.04, respectively in comparison to control’s 6.53 ± 0.09. Workers belonging to the experimental groups 1 to 7 depicted insignificant resu...
Rida Haroon Durrani1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan2, Aneela Zameer Durrani3, Salman Ashraf1, Muhammad Anas Naeem1, Muhammad Usman3 and Tauqeer Mahmood4
...r and feed resulted in a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in bacterial numbers with a mean log101.43, log101.17, log101.92 and log101.625 on 3rd and 6th dpc, respectively. The least reduction was seen in the birds that received cocktail intranasally showing log100.85 on the 3rd day. As a delayed treatment, oral delivery significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced count with a mean log101.2 and log101.55 on 3rd dpc, with efficienc...

Mohammed A. Almujtaba1, Turky Omar Asar2, Salma Naqvi3, Vikas Kumar4, Fahad A. Al-Abbasi1, Abdulbasit I. Al-Sieni1 and Firoz Anwar1*

...otensin levels decreased significantly in DC as compared to NC. Interestingly, renin level also decreased in DC group. Heart tissues from each group were examined for histological changes. Altered serum levels of the biomarkers were restored on treatment with Zamzam water. Histopathological studies are in agreement with cardioprotective influence of Zamzam in cardiac dysfunction. Research findings endorse the cardioprotective potential of Zamzam in doxorubicin...

Tasya Nur Karina1, Osfar Sjofjan2, Tri Eko Susilorini2, Muhammad Halim Natsir2*

...at the treatments had no significant effect (p >0.05) on production performance and egg physical quality. To sum up, using date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has positive effect on the growth performance and egg quality of ISA BROWN laying hen because can be alternative feed ingredients to reduce production costs and maximize income.
 
Keywords | Date palm, Egg quality, Growth performance, Hen day production, Laying hens
...

Amira Adel Taha AL-Hosary1, Walaa Mostafa2* 

...aled that age and season significantly affected the prevalence of ear mange in cats (P<0.05). Young cats (less than a year old) were more infested (87.57%) than older cats (50%). Infestation rates were highest during cold months (84.44%). Sex and breeds had a non-significant effect on the infestation rate (P>0.05). According to the results of the clinical trials, the combination between Frontline® and BARS® ear...

Ahmed A. Mohammed1, Madeha H. A. Darwish1, Eman A.A. Negm2, Ayman S. Abdel- Maguid3 

...ect that manifested as a significant increase in body weight (BW) than the control group. After 28 days of treatment, the effect of high levels of probiotics (group H) demonstrated a significant increase of group (H) and either group (L) and control; meanwhile, both treated groups (L and H) exhibited a significant increase in feed intake (FI) compared with the control group. At the end of ...

Guang Yin, Wencheng Kong, Yuqiang Shan, Jian Zhang, Rongchao Ying and Sixin Zheng*

...ntrol group there was no significant difference in the parameters of Hep-3B cells after transfection of NC-siRNA (P> 0.05), but the expression level of TINCR and cell proliferation, invasion and migration ability were significantly reduced, and the expression level of miR-646 in the cells was significantly increased, which were statistically significant

Zhaojun Wang1, Yang Zhou2 and Xinghua Song3*

...t 91.67%. The figure was significantly higher compared to 80.00% of the control group, showing statistically significant difference (P<0.05). After treatment, the patients’ VAS score and 20 m walking time were significantly reduced, with Lysholm score increased significantly (P<0.05). The observation group patients’ VAS, Lysholm knee sc...

Murat Durmuş* and Nazan Koluman

...ere was no statistically significant difference between lambs and kids in terms of initial and final live weights and feed conversion ratios (P>0.05). However, the difference between the two species with regard to feed consumption and live weight gains during the 8-week fattening period were found to be significant (P<0.05). Considering slaughtering data, the difference between lambs and kids in terms of hot and cold c...

Shujaat Hussain1*, Muhammad Saqib1, Khurram Ashfaq1 and Zia ud Din Sindhu2

...dent t-test demonstrated significant (p<0.05) rise in packed cell volume (36.30±0.32%), hemoglobin (15.57±0.32g/dL), neutrophils (71.03±0.58%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (86.19±0.78mm/hr), creatinine (2.13±0.08mg/dl), urea (69.30±1.14mg/dl), blood urea nitrogen (32.38± 0.62mg/dl), gamma-glutamyl transferase (11.66±0.63µ/L), aspartate aminotransferase (70.63±0.65 µ/L), alkaline p...

Shahan Azeem1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer2, Liaquat Ahmad3, Sameera Akhtar1 and Talat Naseer Pasha4,5

... h after medication were significantly different (p<0.05). Interestingly, the feed efficiency of non-medicated, non-vaccinated chickens was equal to the flavomycin-medicated chickens but better than zinc bacitracin and lincomycin-medicated chickens. Additionally, the non-medicated, non-vaccinated chickens were the most economical to raise. Overall growth-promoting antibiotics did not interfere with the broiler’s immunity, altered total intestinal micr...
Idrissa Sacko1, Madou Dao1, Souleymane Sanogo1,2*, B. Michel Orounladji2, Kaly Diakité1, Diakaridia Traore3, Mamadou D. Coulibaly1, Amadou B. Cisse1
...the period of collection significantly (p < 0.05) affects ejaculate volume, vitality, sperm concentration and mortality rate. The overall averages obtained for the different parameters studied were 0.92 ml for semen volume; 3.91 for mass motility; 73.69% for vitality; 2.11.109 spz/ml for sperm concentration, 2.11.109 spz and 26.54% for total sperm count in ejaculate and spz mortality rate respectively. March-April was found to be more suitable for semen col...

Muhammad Akram1*, Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq2, Amber Malik3, Farmanullah Khan4, Munir Ahmad Bhinder5 and Muhammad Sajjad6

...and 49.4% vs 74.1%) with significant statistical association of GSTM1= OR: 3.367, CI: 1.75-6.44 vs GSTT1=OR: 2.292, CI: 1.52-5.60 respectively. These findings concluded that Null and GSTP1b(105) genotypes have a significant association with CVD in the Pakistani population.

...

Xinran Wang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*

...turbance intensity had a significant influence on vigilance mode of the wintering cranes. However, there were no significant differences between low and moderate disturbance groups (coordinated vigilance, low vs. moderate: Q = 3.27, P = 0.056; synchronized vigilance, low vs. moderate: Q = 1.92, P = 0.364), probably because of the close distance between both habitats and the presence of patrol boats and photography enthusiast...

Hakan Kececi1*, Yasin Ozturk2, M. Bahaeddin Dortbudak3, Seda Yakut4, Gurdal Dagoglu5 and Merve Ozturk1

...astures. One of the most significant ingredients that causes toxicity is atractyloside (ATR). In this study, the concentration of ATR in cocklebur seeds was determined as 4 mg/g seed. The study involved 54 rats which were divided into a total of 9 groups including one control group. A single dose of cocklebur seed extract was provided by gavage after being concentrated by 2 ml for each animal (80 mg ATR/kg) except for those in the control group, and time-depen...

Eman A. Al-Shahari1,2, Eman R. ElBealy3, Abdelhalim A. Alkhazendar4 and Abeer A. Alm-Eldeen4*

...nths old rats showed non-significant change in the previous biochemical parameters compared with 3 months old rats and the percentages of p53 and bax positive areas/ field were 0.6% and 0.9%, respectively. In conclusion, quercetin at a dose of 200 mg/kg every other day for 2 weeks could improve liver function, decrease the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins p53 and bax and increase the antioxidant defense of hepatocytes in aged male rats.

...
Muhammad Jalees
... of the study confirms a significant relationship exists between the variables, while the search engine optimization shows an insignificant impact on SCM profit. With the use of digital medium, the telecom industry in Pakistan can utilize its website platform to attract the customer’s demand and its supply chain revenue to achieve a competitive advantage.
...

Jiacheng Du and Yuping Cao*

...bjects in Group A showed significantly lower FSH, LH, and T levels (P<0.05) than Group B. Compared to patients in Group B, patients in Group A also showed significantly higher rate in implantation rate, high-quality embryo rate, biochemical pregnancy rate as well as clinical pregnancy rate (P<0.05), while the incidence of early miscarriage, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and gestational diabetes of patients in Group A...

Jie Zhang, Na Li, Tingting Guo, Dandan Hu, Xiaofeng XU and Lili Zhang*

...in the grazing group was significantly higher than that in the house-raised group (P < 0.01). In the grazing group, the abundance of 96 genera was significantly higher than that in the house-raised group (P < 0.05), whereas in the house-raised group, the abundance of only 24 genera was significantly higher than that in the grazing group (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, the abundan...

Zannatul Ferdous1, Abdul Goffar Sarder2, Mustasim Famous3*, Mahfuza Ferdous4, Shahabuddin Ahmed5 and Md. Amir Hossain6

... treatment group shows a significant difference, while Hemoglobin estimation does not show a significant difference from the control group. It could be concluded that Kalojeera and Ginger could act as growth promoters and alternatives to antibiotics in broilers.

...

Aysam Fayed1, Mohga A Ibrahem2, Soha A. Hassan3, Mohammed Abdalla Hussein4*, Tamer Roshdy1  

... our findings revealed a significant reduction in HDL-C, GSH, CAT and PON 1 enzyme levels, the expression of the PPAR– α, CPT I and ACO gene in HFD treated rats. Also, administration of cranberry extract and metformin significantly normalized body weight, blood glucose, insulin, leptin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, TBARS, GSH, CAT, ALT, AST, TNF- and PCO and PON 1 as well as SREBP1, PPAR– &alpha...

Muhammad Hassan Naseem1, Muhammad Mansha1*, Muhammad Triq1 and Peter C. Thomson2

... smokers. Shisha smoking significantly increase the haematological indices, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and reduces lung capacity.

...

Xiaoli Yao1, Xiaofang Yue2, Yue Yang3 and Guobin Zhang3,*

...the treatment group were significantly higher than the control group. NIHSS and serum neurological function (copeptin, NT-proBNP, PAO, S-100B) in the patients of the treatment group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Adverse reaction of LMWHC and argatroban was not found in the course of treatment. We conclude that LMWHC combined with argatroban are safe and effective in the treatment of ac...

Xiaoli Yao1, Xiaofang Yue2, Yue Yang3 and Guobin Zhang3,*

...the treatment group were significantly higher than the control group. NIHSS and serum neurological function (copeptin, NT-proBNP, PAO, S-100B) in the patients of the treatment group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Adverse reaction of LMWHC and argatroban was not found in the course of treatment. We conclude that LMWHC combined with argatroban are safe and effective in the treatment of ac...

Maria Endo Mahata1*, Hamdan Sukri Lubis1, Takayuki Ohnuma2, Yose Rizal1 

...pellet durability highly significantly (P<0.01). In conclusion, the best natural pellet binder to produce pellet made of Miana plant as poultry feedstuffs was tapioca flour with a dosage of 4.5%.

Keywords | Poultry, Miana plant, Natural pellet binder, Physical quality, Pellet 

...

Mutassim Abdelrahman1, Ibrahim Alhidary1, Majdi Bahaddi1,2, Mohsen Alobre1,3, Riyadh Aljumaah1 and Rifat Ullah Khan4, *

...ndicate that there is no significant difference (P >0.05) between the concentration of all the elements in all lambs’ tissues, except for the concentration of aluminum in kidney and rumen fluid, as well as Mn in rumen fluid. Moreover, Mn concentration in rumen fluid was significantly (P < 0.05) decrease with zeolite supplementation, with significantly lower values for lambs fro...

Hazem E. M. Hassanien1*, Awad M. M. Mahmoud2, Elsayed M. Abdel-Raouf1, Nabil M. Eweedah1 and Midhat. N. Nassif3

...After calving there is a significant effect of tCa and iCa of prepartum treatment and we didn’t obtain any effect due to interaction between prepartum x postpartum treatment. Feeding an acidogenic diet improved Ca postpartum status.

...
Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash1*, Hina Sharif1, Kanwal Rehman2, Sumbal Rasheed1 and Shagufta Kamal3
...TO exposed rats showed a significant elevation in serum glucose, reduction in serum insulin, rise in insulin resistance and alteration of carbohydrate metabolizing biomarkers when compared with unexposed rats. Arsenic concentration was found to be significantly high in liver tissues of ATO exposed rats. Contrarily, RSV was found to be effective in regulating normal glycemic level, insulin tolerance, and metabolic biomarkers....

Malik Fiaz Hussain1, Atif Akbar2, Muhammad Asif1, Laraib Nisar3, Muhammad Naeem Ashiq3 and Furhan Iqbal1*

...ing rota rod test, spent significantly less time on rotating rod than controls. Male mice treated with both doses of NiO NPs performed more stretch attend reflex than control. Female mice injected with high dose of NiO NPs had significantly reduced mobile and immobile episodes during open field test than mice exposed to low dose and control group. High dose of NiO NPs treated females had reduced line crossing, stretch attend...

Sharon Zulfiqar1, Mubashar Hussain1*, Kiran Aftab1, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Rizwan Khursheed2, Somia Liaqat1 and Maimoona Kanwal1

...s. Bulgarian race showed significantly greater variations were observed in the mean larval weight (g) and mean larval length (cm) during all instars i.e. maximum larval weight i.e. 0.076g, 054g, 3.14g, 4.29g, and 6.23g in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instars, respectively. A similar trend in the mean larval length (P < 0.05) was also observed. Significantly greater fecundity (437 no.), fertility (85.20%), and hatchability ...

Saleha Tabassum1, Muneeza Zafar1,2, Munazza Raza Mirza1*, Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary1,3, Ikram ul Haq4, Imran Riaz Malik2, Ambreen Ansari1 and Mehtab Alam5

...ples. The results showed significant association (OR, 2.1 (0.99 to 4.30), p = 0.04) of A allele of rs2276886 with EPTB group as compared to the control. In genetic model analysis, we found strong association (OR, 0.4 (0.181 to 0.94), p = 0.03) of GG genotype with male with EPTB as compared to female in gender stratified dominant model. Furthermore, in context of different ethnic groups of Pakistani subpopulation, we found Punjabi speaking’s to be
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1, Ibrahim Alhidary1, Mohsen Alobre1, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2*
...lambs. The fecal H2S gas significantly (P<0.05) higher in AS4 group compared to the TMR. However, serum iron (Fe) content was significantly (P<0.05) higher in TMR fed group alone. From the findings of the present study, we concluded that AS supplementation improved rumen color, however, fecal H2S production was increased which needed to be further investigated.

...

Victoria Rankotsane Hlokoe, Thobela Louis Tyasi* 

...BW had a positively high significant association (P < 0.01) with WH (r = 0.94), HG (r = 0.91), RH (r = 0.88), SH (r = 0.90), RW (r = 0.73), and a positive statistical significant correlation (P < 0.05) with EL (r = 0.47), and BL (r = 0.46) in males. On the other hand, BW had a positively high remarkable relationship (P < 0.01) with HG (r = 0.75), RH (r = 0.69) and WH (r = 0.57), and a positive statistical

Lukman Affandhy*, Muchamad Luthfi*, Yeni Widyaningrum, Dian Ratnawati, Mutia Primananda 

...ted in the lowest values significantly different (P<0.05) than treatments A and B, so it affects the total spermatozoa and the total motile spermatozoa. Sperm viability in one dose of treatment A resulted in the highest value significantly different (P<0.05) than treatment B and C with spermatozoa viability of 78.42±2.46% (A), 76.14±1.52% (B), and 65.57±8.26% (C) in the 16 weeks. Nevertheless, the ...

Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Eduard Kostetsky1, Anton Degtyarenko2, Michail Shchelkanov1,2,3 

...h BC and FCM, there were significant differences in the expression patterns of the spectrum of target IFN system genes and a number of key cell cycle control factors. These differences were expressed in the tumour tissue itself, in WBCs and in the uterus tissue. Decreases of gadd45g and ifnλ1 genes expression in BC tumour tissue were the most significant. Recent findings and conclusions. The high level of p53, rb1 and...

Abdulkhaliq A. Al-Janabi1*, Mohammad S. Alsalami1, Arkan B. Mohammed1, Abdulkhaliq A.R. Al-Douri2 

...bbits’ body weight significantly increased in both Omega-3 treated groups, as well as red blood cells, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, lymphocytes and monocytes, after 60 days, relative to the control group. On the other hand, total white blood cells, including serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins and the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), were significantly decrease...

Heba S.S. Salem1, Hend M. Megahed2, Marwa M. Sarhan2, Maha M. El Alem3, Gehan N. Alagmy3* 

...th gentamicin revealed a significant improvement of these parameters. Likely, treatment with BV caused an improvement in the histopathology compared with the untreated groups. In conclusion, BV treatment is of value in the treatment of S. aureus-induced arthritis in rabbits.

Keywords | Antibacterial Activity; Bee Venom; Staphylococcus aureus; Septic Arthritis 

...

Khurram Sheraz* and Taj Ali Khan

...winters have experienced significant warming over the study area except for stations Nowshera and Parachinar while summers are experiencing decreasing temperature trends. Rainfall trends were dominated by positive trends. The results from the DWT and MK tests (at 5% significance level) on the different data types revealed that for higher-resolution data (monthly); the high-frequency intra-annual periodicities affecting air-temperature trends were dominated by ...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Muhammad Hussnain Babar2, Aamir Hussain3, Rana Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hammad Hussnain4 and Saghir Ahmad4

...ative effects (GEI) were significant at (p<0.01). Test sites accounted for the biggest share (74.1%) of the variability, followed by GEI (17.2%) and strains (8.7%), respectively. The first four interaction principal components (IPC) were significant at (p<0.01) wherein the first two IPCs captured (68.4%) of the GEI cumulatively. Strain ST06 (FH-492) won four environs and was declared the overall winner of this trial. T...

Sarzamin Khan1, Abdul Jabbar Tanweer2, Rafiullah1, Ibrahimullah1, Ghulam Abbas3*, Jabbar Khan4, Muhammad Saeed Imran5, Asghar Ali Kamboh6 

...t level of 3g/kg in feed significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed intake, increased weight gain and improved feed conversion rate (FCR) as compared to other groups. A significant (P<0.05) increase in crypt depth and villus height of birds was recorded fed diet supplemented with mealworm scales (3g/kg). The breast percent and carcass weight recorded in birds fed 3g/kg mealworm scales in diet was si...

Mohamed Saleh*, S.E. Laban, G.Z. Mostafa, S.T. Moubarak 

...disinfectants recorded a significant (p≤0.05) log reduction in total bacterial, coliform, and fungal count after 24, 72 and 120 hours, gradually. Conclusively, paraformaldehyde and potassium peroxy-monosulfate based disinfectants may be recommended for disinfection of nest bedding material to reduce the microbial contamination of hatching eggs.

Keywords | Broiler breeders, Nest bedding, Disinfection, Farm contamination. 

...

Desy Cahya Widianingrum1*, Himmatul Khasanah1, Melinda Erdya Krismaputri1, Susan Barbara Patricia Sembiring Meliala2 

...rence (Hsd). The highest significant difference in physical quality of wafer (P<0.05) were found among treatments. The P4 group had the highest density (0.230 ± 0.16 g/cm3), while the P1 group had the highest absorption (77.60%). The P0 group had the highest thickness swelling (12.95 ± 0.04 %), while both of P1 and P3 had the highest texture hardness (52.20 ± 0.14 and 52.19 ± 0.14 mm/102) respectively. The P3 group had the lowest...

Muhammad Riaz Gondal1,2*, Sobia Ijaz1, Nauman Ali1, Muhammad Saeed Ashraf1, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Muhammad Arshad3, Muhammad Arif1, Jamil Akhtar4, Naeem Iqbal1 and Bushra Zulfiqar5

...nting densities revealed significant differences. The results indicated that 15 kg ha-1 seed rate produced maximum values of heads m-2 (462.50) which was at par with 17.5 kg ha-1 (450.0 m-2), tillers m-2 and enhanced forage production 2.85% over control (i.e. 20 kg ha-1). Higher grain production (0.85 t ha-1) was noted by seeding rate 17.5 kg ha-1, nevertheless, it was at par with control. The economic data revealed a highest benefit cost ratio of 3.99 under 1...

Misbah ud Din1, Shah Alam Khan1, Said Hussain Shah1,2* and Najeeb Ullah3

... insect pest that causes significant losses in the yield of canola crops. It is essential to find out the management strategies of this pest for higher canola production. Synthetic insecticides and bio-pesticides are used to control L. erysimi. The present study evaluated the efficacy of different pesticides against mustard aphids in selected mustard cultivars under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in Split Plot Design with four treatments and ...

Misbah ud Din1, Shah Alam Khan1, Said Hussain Shah1,2* and Najeeb Ullah3

... insect pest that causes significant losses in the yield of canola crops. It is essential to find out the management strategies of this pest for higher canola production. Synthetic insecticides and bio-pesticides are used to control L. erysimi. The present study evaluated the efficacy of different pesticides against mustard aphids in selected mustard cultivars under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in Split Plot Design with four treatments and ...

Farah Rasheed1*, Ana Aslam1, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Raheela Naz1, Hina Nazir3, Sadia Sultana1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Ifra Saleem1, Qudsia Nazir1, Muhammad Arfan-ul-Haq1, Abid Niaz4, Muhammad Arif1, Aamer Sattar1, Sarfraz Hussain5 and Adnan Rafique6

...s of rice grain improved significantly due to synergistic effect of P and Zn fertilizers applied at different growth stages. The phytic acid contents in rice grains remained within safe limit in all treatments but lower grain phytic acid have been observed where only recommended dose of NPK fertilizers were used.

...

Shailendra Sharma, Smriti Shrestha, Naresh Pandey and Laxman Khanal*

...of visitors; however, no significant difference was observed in grooming proportion before and after visits. Higher levels of disturbance had a significant negative effect on the grooming frequency and time investment. The non-lactating adult female delivered higher grooming to the troop members, while the sub-adult male received more grooming than others. We conclude that the nature of disturbance rather than the number of ...

Djoko Kisworo*, Martina Safitri, BRD Wulandani, Bulkaini, Syamsuhaidi 

... cavity and pH increased significantly (P<0.05). The treatment of 0% SSF, 10% SSF and 20% SSF decreased HU values (66.56 ± 0.84 - 58.22 ± 2.83), (63.33 ± 7.43 - 64.94 ± 3.49), (72.07 ± 2.10 - 68.64 ± 3.32) during storage. Likewise, the rate of egg weight loss increased successively (2.20 ± 0.11 - 5.91 ± 0.18), (1.18 ± 0.15 - 5.63 ± 0.47), (1.10 ± 0.03 - 3.80 ± 0.41) during s...

Sajid Ali1*, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin3, Asad Ali Khan2, Sajjad Khan4, Dawood Ahmad5, Faiq Ahmad2, Maaz Khan2, Sikandar Azam1, Siddique Ahmad2 and Bismillah Khan2

... studied parameters were significantly affected by P, Zn and AT. Least days to tasseling (54) and silking (55), leaf areaplant-1 (4180 cm2), leaf area index (2.8), plant height (255 cm) and days to harvest maturity (89 were significantly affected when120 kg P ha-1 was applied. Days to tasseling (53), days to silking (55), leaf areaplant-1 (4400 cm2), leaf area index (3.1), plant height (258.6 cm) and days to harvest maturity...

Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza2, Waqas Ahmad1, Nargis Bibi3, Aftab Khan2 and Jahangir Khan

...tion numbers were highly significant with the estimated coefficients of 0.369, 0.047, 0.060, 0.246 and 0.098 for labor hours, tractor hours, chemicals, urea and irrigation numbers respectively. Results of inefficiency’s model exposed that education and farming experience had a significant and adverse influence on technical inefficiency, age had a positive significant effect on farmer...

Nuraini Nuraini*, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Ade Djulardi, Robi Amizar, Yesi Chwenta Sari

... media composition had a significant effect (P<0.01) on fresh weight, crude protein, and crude fat. The Phase 2 variance analysis results showed that the use of Tmc in the diet had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion. The study concluded at stage 1 that 100% tofu dregs medium was the best treatment to improve the nutrient content of the Tenebrio...
Abdulaziz A. Alaqil1*, Mohammed I. Buhaya2
... weeks. Results showed a significant improvement in egg production performance with dietary LO inclusion ranged from 3 to 4%. Data revealed a significant reduction in egg yolk cholesterol content by 15, 17 and 21% for the 2, 4 and 6% LO groups, respectively, compared to the 0% LO group. Meanwhile, blood high-density lipoprotein was significantly increased, while the low- and very-low-densi...

Sri Suharyati, Siswanto, Madi Hartono, Kusuma Adhianto* 

...carnitine exerted a very significant effect on motility (P<0.01), the concentration, and the percentage of live sperm (P<0.05) but did not affect the sperm volume and abnormalities (P>0.05). In conclusion, the combination of vitamin E and L-carnitine gave the best results on the sperm quality of the Jawarandu Goat.

Keywords | Jawarandu Goat, sperm quality, vitamin E, L-carnitine 

...

Nagina Zeb* and Noor ul Amin

...s and their interactions significantly affected all the growing and rooting parameters. Cuttings planted on July 16 revealed minimum days to sprouting (12.52), more number of sprouts (5.79), high sprout length (44.80 cm), more number of leaves (123), more number of roots (4.73), and plant survival percentage (61.78 %) as compared to the cuttings planted on August, 30 in both the years. Regarding cutting types, semi hard wood cuttings took minimum days to sprou...

Razaq Adekunle Animashahun1*, Gbenga Emmanuel Onibi2, Samuel Olanrewaju Aro2, Oghenerobor Benjamin Akpor3, Funmilayo Abimbola Okeniyi1, Olayinka Olubunmi Alabi1, Michael Babatunde Falana1, Ayoola John Shoyombo1, Samuel Oyewale Olawoye1 

... the fermentation period significantly (P < 0.05) affected the nutritional and anti-nutritional components of the cassava stumps, as there was better enhancement of the by-product at higher fermentation period. The highest crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, and lowest crude fiber (CF) in fermented cassava stumps were obtained at 192 hours of fermentation with the following values CP 7.45%, EE 9.81% and ash 7.01%. A similar trend was also observed ...

Asim Faraz1*, Nasir Ali Tauqir2, Abdul Waheed1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Syeda Maryam Hussain3, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Rana Muhammad Bilal2, Muhammad Arslan Akbar4 and  Muhammad Shahid Nabeel5 

... total protein were also significantly (P<0.05) higher in non-breeding males except glucose concentration which was found higher in rutting males. Whereas the urea and creatinine non-significantly (P>0.05) varied between non-breeding and breeding males. These results were compared with available relevant literature and it showed that these parameters may be affected due to breeding stress in the male camels which could...

Hassan A. Aidaros, Eman M. Hafez, Halla E.K. El Bahgy* 

...ncy of disinfectants was significantly increase with high concentration and long contact time. The Prophyl 2000® was the most powerful disinfectant against field pathogens, followed by G7®, Pron-Tech®, and Alkadox®, while Biodine® was the weakest disinfectant at the same conditions. Moreover, the organic matter hindered bactericidal power of many commercial disinfectants such as quaternary ammonium compounds (QUATS), halogen releasing agen...

Entesar Z. Eliraqy1*, Basant M. Shafik2, Yasser S. Hussein1, Abdelwahab A. Alsenosy3, Emad A. Abd allah1, Mohamed F. Saad1 

... process. In addition, a significantly increased (P < 0.05) of progressive motility, acrosome integrity and alive spermatozoa percentage in groups treated with different concentrations of garlic extract than control group. While both the abnormality and chromatin value were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the groups treated with different concentrations of garlic extract than control group. Activity of glutathione pe...

Veasna Chem1 †, Hong-Seok Mun1,2 †, Keiven Mark B. Ampode1, Shad Mahfuz1, Il-Byung Chung1, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1,3, Chul-Ju Yang1,3,* 

...s a result, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the anus temperature using the thermometer, non-contact infrared thermometer, and DITI camera FLIR E76. Moreover, the average vulva temperature during estrus was 34.5°C and proestrus was 33.7°C with a difference of 0.8°C. The temperature range and the value differences between proestrus and estrus suggested that the DITI camera could be a new technology for heat detection in gilts.

...

Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan and Urooba Pervaiz

...are results showed a non-significant association between literacy level and training needs while a significant association existed between literacy level and obstacles in use of computer technology. The study concludes that there is need for training in different areas and most face obstacles in computer usage. It is recommended that relevant training courses be arranged and needed equipment and facilities should be provided...

Gudeta Nepir Gurmu, Tade Bitima Mulisa, Alemu Lenco Gemechu, Kegna Gadisa Amena and Gemechu Nedi Terfa*

...ive locations manifested significant differences among varieties, environment, environment, and varieties interaction for grain yield and other yield-related traits. The combined mean of grain yield of varieties indicated that Bursa (3.03 t/ha), Adi (2.84t/ha) and Weyib (2.83 t/ha) varieties had the highest grain yield advantage over the other tested varieties without significant difference among the order, whereas Burkitu (...
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh1, Syed Haseeb Shah1, Niamatullah Kakar2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Muhammad Essa Kakar3 and Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1
... that the OXY and TP had significant (P<0.05) effect on physiology of blood parameters, mainly on hemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocytes (RBCs) in all treatment groups treated till day 42 compared with the control group. Remarkably, the AGPs showed a positive impact on the liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminoransferase (AST) on day 42. A non-significant effect was seen on hematological and bi...

Fengbin Jin1, Xin Liu2 and Yanqiu Yue3*

...nts in two groups gained significant improvement in vital signs, while the improvement of patients in the observation group was much better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Following the treatment, significant decreases were seen in the blood-gas indicators of patients in two groups, while the decrease in the observation group was much more obvious than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Similar changes we...

Madumetja Cyril Mathapo and Thobela Louis Tyasi*

...a positive statistically significant (P<0.05) correlation with BW (r = 0.425) and non-significant correlation with BL (r = 0.108), HG (r = 0.082), RH (r = 0.038), WH (r = 0.097) and SH (r = 0.280), while TL had non-significant correlation with BW (r = 0.009), BL (r = -0.351), HG (r = -0.147), RH (r = -0.108), WH (r = -0.086) and SH (r = 0.052). Regression analysis model showed that SC h...

Muhammad Waseem Akhtar1*, Khalid Mahmood Khawar2, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar3, Muhammad Rafique1, Khalid Hussain4, Sharmin Ashraf1 and Muhammad Fida Hassan1

...varieties/lines differed significantly from one another for percent weight loss and viability. On the basis of percent weight loss, the variety Bittal-2016 was found to be the most susceptible. Whereas the variety Niab-CH-2016 was also found to be the least susceptible. The current research found that none of the chickpea cultivars were totally resistant to C.chinensis, however their vulnerability varied significantly. Final...

Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Nigah Hussain1 and Nasim Akhter2

...t socio-economic factors significantly affect the agriculture labour dynamics in irrigated areas. Off-farm work has inverse relationship with agriculture labour supply indicating inter-sectoral labor migration, while family size, farm size and farming experience has direct relationship with agriculture labour supply. It is therefore suggested that government may focus on fixing minimum ceiling limit on ancestral land transfer and more emphasis will be given on...

Maher Mohammed Yousef Alobaysi,1,4 Turki Albacker2, Waleed Alharbi2, Osama Almogbel2, Sadik Mohammed3, Fahad Al-Abbasi4, Vikas Kumar5 and Firoz Anwar4

...lls (WBC) count showed a significant difference in pre and post catherization procedures. Significant (P˂0.05) linear correlation was found between pre and post values for heart rate, WBC, electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cortisol, tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine, thyrotropin and Vit D in paired sample correlation. WBC counts measured before and after intervention were 5.81±1.12 and 5.19±0.98 respectively...

Fatin Khalil*, Harinath Yapati, Zainab Al Blallam, Ronia Jose 

...nd hemoglobin levels are significantly greater (P<0.05) than other types of sheep, according to a biochemical investigation. The results showed that the physiological, biochemical, hematology analysis and production performance of Naeemi sheep were affected by the seasons and stage of production and growth.

Keywords | Naeemi sheep, Seasonal effect, Intensive management, Reproductive performance, Baseline data. 

...

Shou-Dong Zhang1,2,3, Dao-Xin Liu1,2, Dan Mou1, Tong-Zuo Zhang2, Jian-Ping Su2 and Jiu-Xiang Xie1*

...s revealed statistically significant deviations (from the mean) in Ei values among the four taste groups (χ2 = 199.033, df =3, p = 0.000). Pairwise Mann-Whitney U tests showed that, at the p = 0.05 or higher significance level, the Ei values of the four taste groups could be ranked as: sweet > bitter = other-taste > tasteless. Using bootstrapping analyses, we detected ten sweet and five bitter plants that were positively selected by zokors (p < 0....

Muhammad Ismail1, Jabbar Khan1*, Zahid Rauf2, Khalid Khan3 and Muhammad Rafi1

... hence, can be used as a significant marker in the determination of breast cancer.

...

Lei Xu1, Qin Yang2 and XiaoYan Zhang3,*

...atients present with the significant elevation in the level of sclerosin in serum, which is clearly associated with the levels of AACS, eGFR, FGF-23, iPTH and serum levels of phosphorus and 25(OH)D.

...

Amoon Danial1, Shahan Azeem1*, Sohail Raza1 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2

...accompanying cattle were significant risk factors for BoHV-1 infection in goats, however, age (> 2 years), was not a significant risk factor. To our knowledge this is first study in Pakistan investigating the role of goats in the chain of transmission of BoHV-1.

...

Huajun Lin, Wei Qu and Zhuxian Yu*

...up was 93.75%, which was significantly higher than 62.50% in the control group (P<0.05); after treatment, the serum CTGF and TGF-β1 levels in both groups were higher than before treatment. The serum CTGF and TGF in the combination group -The level of β1 was higher than that of the conventional group, and the difference was statistically significant (both P <0.05). After treatment, the Mini–Mental State ...

Muhammad Rabiul Hasan1, Zannatul Mawa1, Muhammad Ashekur Rahman1, Selina Yeasmin2, Yahia Mahmud2 and Muhammad Yeamin Hossain1*

...justify;">Mussels play a significant role in marine benthic ecological construction because they accumulate into beds, changing the nature and intricacy of the bottom. Population structure and length-weight relationships of two mussels (Anadara granosa and Meretrix lamarckii) in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh were investigated based on occasional data from January to December 2020. Samples were collected from the sampling sites (Sathkhira and Cox’sBazar) ...

Sajjad Ali1*, Atta ur Rahman1 and Sher Ali2

...up needs to be with more significant planning to avoid any inconvenience among agricultural land and infrastructure. Built-up is necessary; however, it is worth mentioning to feed 11.23 million people in the district. The region’s land is the most fertile and productive in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Data were taken from the Agricultural Bureau of Statistics from 1990 to 2020, and the satellite imageries of the region were acquired from the United S...
Muhammad Younas1*, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Atiq2, Niaz Hussain1, Wasim Abbas3, Muhammad Azeem Khan4, Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Irshad1, Nasir Ahmad Khan2 and Muhammad Zubair5
...indica extract expressed significant reduction in disease severity. It was concluded that out of 50, only eight accessions were resistant which might be grown successfully for higher crop production. Moreover, use of Chlostrobin and extract of Azadirachta  indica may be used for disease management.

...

Muhammad Halim Natsir*, Osfar Sjofjan, Yuli Frita Nuningtyas, Danung Nur Adli, Lizar Basnelda, Dimas Frisky Apriyanto, Wahyu Tri Utami 

...otechnology. If there is significant effect (p < 0.05), the analysis continued with least significant differences (LSD). The result showed significantly difference (p < 0.01) on villus height and significant difference (p < 0.05) on microbial population. In contrast, the result showed no significantly differen...

Reem M. Ramadan1, Fady Sayed Youssef2, Gehad Genidy Mohamed3, Sameh Hamed Ismail4, M.M. El-Bahy1, Shimaa Abdel-Radi1* 

...g comet assay revealed a significant direct variation (p ≤ .05) between the increase in the dose and the degree of the DNA genotoxic damage as represented by variations in the tail length (μm), percent of DNA in the tail segment, and tail moment (μm). Postmortem (PM) inspection of birds inoculated by LC90 exposed sporulated oocysts demonstrated a very slight or un-apparent reddens without thickening in the cecal wall with close relation to the normal ...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi

...tative parameters differ significantly (p<0.05) with increasing quantity of treatment materials applied. Fruit and head weights in carrots and lettuce at harvest decreased significantly in untreated control plants. T. procumbens caused significantly more reduction in M. incognita reproduction, with higher yield than S. acuta. This study demonstrated that T. procumbens and S. acuta thoug...

Zulqarnain Haider1*, Muhammad Akhter2, Syed Sultan Ali1, Tahir Latif1, Rana Ahsan Raza Khan1, Awais Riaz1, Tahira Bibi1, Muhammad Ijaz3, Qasim Raza1, Mohsin Ali Raza4, Samina Sarfaraz1, Muhammad Iqbal1 and Muhammad Rafiq1

... Basmati lines. A highly significant and exploitable level of genetic variability was found existed among tested inbred lines. Higher broad sense heritability (%) was observed among tested genotypes which specifies higher proportion of phenotypic variation attributed by genetic values. Correlation matrix portrayed significantly positive relationship of grain yield with maturity days; significant

Onwusiribe Ndubuisi Chigozirim*, Okpokiri Chibuzo Ikechukwu, Agu-Aguiyi Fortune Nneka and Oteh Ogbonnaya Ukeh

...income and education are significant factors influencing their access to institutional support and adaptation to climate change. This study suggests that the government take a multi-stakeholder approach to addressing climate change, including the private sector and communities, as well as improving extension services’ capacity to educate farmers.

...

Zayed M.A1, M.F. Shehata1, I.M. Ismail1, Mona Mohammady1, M.A. Radwan2*  

...erformance traits showed significant (p<0.01) differences among the three groups, except birth weight and age. Dressing % (based on slaughter body weight) was higher (p <0.05) in G3 than G1 and G2 groups. The lowest (p <0.05) percentage of offal’s was observed in G3 compared to G1 and G2 groups. Meat protein % was higher (p <0.05) in G3 than G1 group. Meat of the G3 group was less (p <0.05) tender than other two groups. The ultrasound Long...

Al-Hassan M. Mostafa1*, Gehan Mohammed Sayed2 

...der treated goats showed significant reduction of FEC as compared with control positive ones. Treated goats exhibit no changes in total peroxides while there were non significant changes of PC, MDA, Catalase and SOD, in contrast there was an obvious increase of GSH. Histopathologically, Abomasum tissue restored completely normal histological features in Garlic treated goats, however the abomasum was partially restored to the...

Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi1 , Sameh Abdel- Moez Ahmed Amer1, Asmaa Mahmoud Matoaq1 , Mohamed Abdel Aziz Kutkat1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel-Alim2  

...se at challenge day were significantly with higher titers in groups vaccinated with inactivated NDV genotype VII vaccines when compared with other groups. Regarding broiler performance parameters it was noticed that, there is no significant difference in body weight (BW) as well as feed conversion rate (FCR) among all chickens in different vaccinated groups. From these findings, we concluded that vaccination programs include...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Imran Akhtar3, Ghayour Ahmad4 and Saeed Ahmad4

...ction (GEI) results were significant at (p≤0.01). Further, the GEI sum of squares (SS) was comprised of (20.5%) out of total variability. Seven interaction Principal Component Axis (IPCA) were found significant at (p≤0.01). IPCA-1 and IPCA-2 were found enfolded with37.9% and 22.2% of GEI portion respectively. AMMI-1 was diagnosed as a predictive model which delineated all test sites into 4 mega environments. The strain...

Shandana* and Ayesha Khan

...ed that there was highly significant difference in respondents’ perception about the effect of mobile, telephone, television and radio on production. The study suggested that extension agents are required to create awareness of the use of ICTs among the farming communities. Department of agriculture extension needs to establish an ICT based program so that innovative agricultural information might be communicated to the farming community.

...

Andi Hiroyuki1,2,*, Refina Sastya Qomariyuti1, Najmah Nur Islami3, Vanessa Ayu Sumirat4, Neni Anggraeni5, Mas Rizky A.A Syamsunarno2,6 

...atistically there was no significant difference in hematological parameters, body temperature, GDP, body weight and liver and kidney weight p(> 0.05). However, there was a difference in heart weight and white fat tissue p(<0.05). In conclusion, Moringa seed oil can affect organ weight and blood hematological profiles like fish oil, but further research is needed to ensure that Moringa seed oil can be used as an alternative to fish oil substitute feed sup...

Shakeel Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2*, Rasheed Ahmed3, Anam Ashraf1, Muhammad Amin4 and Nafees Ahmad5

... was classified into ten significant classes. Findings of the data revealed that shrublands (0.33-0.17%), grasslands (45.83-41.74), and cropland (12.71-10.47) were decreased significantly. At the same time, savannas, permanent wetlands, urban and built-up lands, natural vegetation, permanent snow and ice, and barren lands increased substantially over the entire period. Due to the lack of baseline data, the LULC map will play...

Sajjad Khan, Fahad Karim Awan*, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani, Muhammad Usama Hameed, Allah Bakhsh and Kainat Bibi

...mmolLˉ¹ showed non-significant effect on germination % and shoot length of both oat cultivars except salt concentration of 120 mmolLˉ¹, but tolerance in NARC, Oat is higher than PARC oat. Salt concentrations positively increased root length, except in PARC oat at 120 mmolLˉ¹. Drought stress (PEG) significantly reduced the shoot length in PARC, Oat cultivar when 20% solution was applied. Where both treatment...

Sonia Sumreen1, Muhammad Sharif2, Tariq Sultan1 and Ijaz Ali1*

...k Design. Addition of RP significantly increased soil P2O5 content, P uptake, total dry matter, grains, and straw yield of wheat over control. Whereas application of RP with increasing amount of HA augmentation further increase these soil and crop parameters over RP alone. The increase in soil P2O5 content, P uptake, grains, total dry matter, and straw yield of wheat was in the order RP+HA-10 > RP+HA-5 > RP > Control. This study conclude that RP can b...

Nurdan Urvaylioglu1*, Ogunc Meral1, Serkan Sayiner2, Ulvi Reha Fidanci1 and Arif Altintas1

...in dairy cows and causes significant economic losses globally. We aimed to investigate whether haptoglobin (Hp) and amyloid A levels in milk may be an alternative method for diagnosing subclinical mastitis (SM) in dairy cows. Ten subclinical-, 16 clinical mastitis and 39 healthy Holstein cows were allocated to the study following California Mastitis Test (CMT). Thus, a total of 65 Holstein cows participated in the study. In the study, Staphylococcus aureus (n ...
Ahmed H. Massoud1, Mohamed S. Ahmed2, Moustafa Saad-Allah1, Aly S. Derbalah1, Ashraf Albrakati3* and Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy4*
...atic and mostly showed insignificant histopathological changes in treated rats. The observed values of biochemical enzymes with these low-doses were near to the control ones, whereas medium and high doses treated rats exhibited adverse signs and symptoms of toxicity. The results also depicted that cymoxanil was the most toxic of the tested pesticides, followed by Malathion and metalaxyl. The obtained histological lesions were correlated with the increased leve...

Semine Dalga* and Kadir Aslan

...is study, the clinically significant foramen and bones comprising the skull in the regiones capitis of Gurcu goats were examined topographically. Twelve adult goat skulls of both sexes (n=6 males and n=6 females) that did not produce fertile offspring were used in the study. Twenty different morphometric measurements were taken on the skull. Four distinct reference points were measured for the selection site of the infraorbital foramen. A reference point was u...

Habib Ullah Habib1, Malik Muhammad Akram2, Mujahid Ali1*, Tahir Mehmood3, Muhammad Manzoor4, Maqsood Ahmad3, Hasseb Ahsan1, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal3, Malik Abdul Rehman5, Muhammad Mohsan1 and Ahsan Mohyo ud Din6 

...tt. Kinnow plants showed significant results regarding plant canopy, plant height, the average weight of fruits, the weight of large size fruits, the weight of medium size, the weight of small size fruits, number of fruits per plant, number of small fruits per plant, number of medium-size fruits per plant, and number of large size fruits per plant. The maximum number of medium-size fruits (15%) was observed at 15% water depletion level with a 50% NPK level. Ho...

Juweria Abid1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Humaira Wasila3, Tooba Asif4, Muhammad Farooq5* and Attaullah Jan6

...tistical analysis showed significant differences (p <0.05). Fat content (6.73±0.06%) and total solid (15.21±0.01%) were found highest in Buffalo milk. Mineral analysis revealed that Sheep milk contain marked level of calcium, magnesium and zinc that is (196.00±3.61, 19.00±1.73 and 0.55±0.03) respectively while, high iron content was found in Camel milk (0.22±0.00). Among processed milk types calcium and magnesium we...

Ali Ahmad1*, Zubair Aslam1, Korkmaz Bellitürk2, Ehsan Ullah1, Ali Raza1 and Muhammad Asif3

... as farmers, may benefit significantly from the vermicompost generated, since it can be used to replace chemical fertilizers and get higher price for organic products by utilizing locally available composting material.

...

Kokab Nazim1*, Asghari Bano1 and Ghulam Jellani2

...All the genotypes showed significant variability in cold tolerance during two growing seasons. A significant reduction in plant height, setting %age and fruits per plant was observed in sensitive genotypes. Antioxidant enzyme essay showed enhanced production of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase coupled with higher accumulation of proline in tolerant genotypes while their production was lower in sensitive genotypes during two...

Sonia Kanwal1, Muhammad Naeem1*, Zaib Un Nisa1, Rabia Farhat1 and Zia Ur Rehman2

...(DMRT). T3 and T4 showed significantly different results  during various stages of lactation in Lohi sheep and Beetal goats. However, Vitamin E, Vitamin C and Cortisol did not reveal significantly different results during lactation in both ewes and does. It could be postulated that the evaluation of vitamins and hormones during various stages of lactation were good indicators for farm maintenance and production of these...

Yêyinou Laura Estelle Loko1*, Joelle Toffa1, Azize Orobiyi1, Gbèblonoudo Anicet Dassou2, Rolande Okpeicha1, Dieudonné Gavoedo1 and Alexandre Dansi2

...that 100-seed weight had significant positive correlation with F1 progeny (r = 0.439), seed consumption (r = 0.467), number of eggs laid (r = 0.295) and susceptibility index (r = 0.453). Path coefficient analysis showed that each seed physical character and its interactions with the others characters influenced soybean grains susceptibility to C. maculatus. Soybean seed thickness showed the higher direct positive effect on soybean susceptibility to C. maculatu...

Ghulam Qadar* and Khalid Nawab

...ol teachers has negative significant correlation with teaching methodological competencies. It is concluded that the AJandK education department may positively be considered Refresher courses and new teaching staff in the agriculture education system of education department.

...

Hasan Çelikyürek

...s that birth type had no significant influence on testicular traits or on any of the body measurements except body length. Live weight gain had significant impact (p<0.001) on all traits. Age also had significant impact on lambs’ body length, chest width, and chest depth (p<0.001), a significant effect on rump height and chest girth (p<0.0...

Nurcan Karslioglu Kara*

... and MY305 was not found significant, the relation between AFC and CI and DO was found significant and the optimum interval of AFC was determined 684≤ İBY≤730 d for minimum CI and DO. Even though relation between AFC and diseases was not significant, it can be said that the same interval is advantageous for low disease incidence in Simmental cows. Furthermore, it can be accepted tha...

Muhammad Usman1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nasir Mehmood2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3

...l history (p=0.003) were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with occurrence of Lyme borreliosis. This is the first report on the presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in Pakistan indicating the need for more comprehensive molecular surveys to estimate its prevalence in wider geographical areas and additional animal species as well as human population.

...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah2, Taj Muhammad2, Syed Waqar Hussain Shah3, Khezir Hayat4, Muhammad Zahid Aslam5 and Abdul Sattar6

...luenced all study traits significantly except for staple length. Similarly, genotypes and interactive effects were found significant. Genotype VH-351 yielded the highest (2523.3 kg ha-1) when sown in 1stMarch, while VH-402 gave the lowest seed cotton yield (209 kg ha-1) on the planting date of 16th June. The finest lint-bearing micronaire value (3.9656) was obtained by normal season sowing in 1stMay. Late sowing on 16th June...

Hossam Mahrous Ebeid1, Ahmed Abdelkader Aboamer1*, Amgad Ahmed Abu Elella2, Ibrahim Mohamed Khattab3, Osama Hefny Matloup1, Fatma Ibrahim Hadhoud1  

... liver enzymes showed no significant changes. DMSC supplementation increased milk energy content (MJ/kg), milk total solids, non-fat solids, protein, and lactose (g/kg) (linear; P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing lactating goats’ diets with a low level of DMSC might enhance the produced milk (quality and quantity) without any adverse effects.

Keywords | Dehulled Moringa seed cake, Rumen degradation, Milk production, Damascus, Goats <...

Midrar Ullah1, Nail Chand2, Abdul Kabir3, Muhammad Rasheed4, Hubdar Ali Kaleri5, Saqib Kakar5, Mubarak Ali4, Deepesh Kumar6, Asad Ali Shah1, Amir Shahb1, Muhammad Amir Khan1, Raza Ali Mangi7, Abdul Wahid Solangi5, Rameez Kaleri5,8*

...showed that there was no significant influence of feed intake was recorded with irradiation. The results for feed intake of total chick was observed 2652.33±59.45 and 2625.78±16.31g was observed for control and irradiated group, respectively. The results for weight gain was observed significantly higher (P≥0.05) in 1st and 2nd week of study in control group, while the results for weight gain was observed

Shad Mahfuz1,2†, Hong-Seok Mun1,3†, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1, Keiven Mark B Ampode1,4, Veasna Chem1, Young-Hwa Kim5, Jong-Pil Moon6, Chul-Ju Yang1,7* 

...kly basis. There were no significant differences on the final body weight, average daily body weight gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), between the incubators. However, ADG was numerically higher (P > 0.05) and FCR was lower (P > 0.05) in solar heating incubator compared with the control incubator. The consumption of electricity with solar based incubator was reduced by 59.13 kWh/head and the saving efficacy was...

Shabana Ehsan1*, Aneela Riaz2, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Abid Ali1, Ifra Saleem3, Muhammad Aftab3, Khalid Mehmood4, Fakhar Mujeeb1, Muhammad Asif Ali1, Hina Javed1, Fraza Ijaz1, Anwar-ul-Haq5, Khaliq-ur-Rehman3 and M. Usman Saleem

...h 15 isolates were found significantly positive for the production of siderophore and solubilizing of nutrients. The (SPS10) produced a comparatively high percentage of 46.2 % siderophore units, as shown by results between positive isolates. Out of 15 positive, 7 isolates significantly improved root/shoot growth over control in the growth chamber study. Inoculation with siderophore-producing bacteria showed a

Pharaoh C. Sianangama1*, Brian Tembo2, Sylvia J. Harrison1, Rubaijaniza Abigaba1,3 

...of seeds in AIC differed significantly (P<0.05) between days after insemination; the mean values for other treatments did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The mean shoot lengths of seeds in AIC differed significantly (P<0.05) between days after insemination; no level of significance (P>0.05) was observed for other treatment groups. The association between treatment factor and...

Fawziah M. Albarakaty* 

...ainst specific medically significant pathogens isolated from cows and poultry farms were assessed. Additionally, the phytochemical composition of the aqueous and ethanol peel extracts was examined. Results and conclusion: According to the findings, the plum (Prunus domestica L.) peel extracts have аlkaloids, flavonoids, tаnnins, and sаponin chemicals. It is, therefore, possible to conclude that plum (Prunus domestica L.) peel extracts have great antibacteri...

Muhammad Umar1*, Mubashar Hussain1 and David C. Lee2

...d eight orders. We found significant differences in seasonal abundance and species richness related to species’ residential status. Across the survey period, species diversity was greater in winter (October-March; H´= 3.279) than in summer (April-September; H´= 2.987). Spatially, avian diversity was highest in agroforestry (H´ = 4.261), then urban cropland (H´ = 3.746), and lowest in pure croplands (H´ = 2.247). Bird communi...

Xin Xing Dong1*, Gai Cui Bai2, Ming Li Li1, Guo Xiang Lan1, Da Wei Yan1, Xiao Yi Wang1, Qiang Chen1 and Shao Xiong Lu1*

...;T and g.7691 A>C had significantly impact on body weight at 21 days (BW21) and body weight at 70 days (BW70), the days when the pigs reached the target weights of 30 kg(D30) and 100 kg(D100), average daily gain between 30 kg and 100 kg (ADG), and backfat thickness of 100kg body weight (BFT) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while did not contribute birth weight and days to 50 kg body weight(D50) (P > 0.05). At g.8523 T>C site, compared to TC genotype, th...

Ahmad Nadeem1,2 and Rubina Arshad1,2,*

...6 mutant also manifested significant increase in root length (53%), pod number (43.5%), seed number (50%), 100 seed weight (24%) and plant weight (67.9%) than control. These eco-friendly plant probiotics offer great potential for crop improvement and could further be exploited by conducting field trials for investigating their potential as an alternative to agrochemicals.

...

Sajida Batool*, Sitara Shameem, Kainat Malik and Aneela Iram

...sed feed caused a highly significant increase (P<0.001) in mean body and liver weight of mice of all treated groups as compared to control. Histopathological alterations were observed in sections of liver and kidney of mice that were given microwave processed feed. Statistical analysis revealed that the average cross-sectional area (ACSA) of Bowman’s capsule was significantly (P<0.05) increased in mice raised on ...

Ashira Manzoor1, Imran Ahmad Khan1,2*, Muqadas Sadiq3, Muhammad Omer Iqbal4 and Shaukat Hussain Munawar5

...io protective effect and significantly reduces the biochemical parameters against doxorubicin-induced myocardial damage in dose-dependent manner. The cardiac tissues showed marked improvement in extract treated groups as compared to doxorubicin treated group. This research indicates that the hydro alcoholic leaf extract of C. colocynthis have exceptional cardio protective potential as compared to toxicity induced by DOX. As a result, it could be used as an alt...

Nuraini Nuraini*, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Ade Djulardi, Robi Amizar, Yesi Chwenta Sari 

...bstrate compositions had significant effects (P<0.01) on crude protein, fat, and larvae production. The conclusion of phase 1 was that treatment E (50% concentrate + 50% Tofu dregs) was an effective treatment and obtained protein content (71.13%), fat content (17.60%), and production of larvae (105.12 g). Phase 2 showed that the use of 12% Tenebrio molitor larvae (substituted 100% fish meal) could maintain the performance of broilers.

Keywords | Med...

Zheng-Yong Wen1, 2*, Chuan-Jie Qin1,2, Bin Li1,2, Rui Li1,2 and Xiao-Tao Shi3*

... liver. Two-week fasting significantly decreased the transcription level while refeeding elevated the mRNA expression level of pvleptin in liver, suggesting leptin may be involved in regulating food intake and energy metabolism in darkbarbel catfish. These findings may expand our understanding about the evolutionary history and functional roles of Leptin in teleost, as well as lay a solid foundation for commercial production of darkbarbel catfish.

...

Sekobane Daniel Kolobe, Tlou Grace Manyelo*, Jones Wilfred Ng’ambi, Munyadziwa Felicia Dorcus Nemauluma, Emmanuel Malematja  

...k, AKLM inclusion levels significantly (P<0.05) affected DM intake, FCR, GR, and LWs of both sexes. In the last 3 weeks of the trial, FI, FCR, GR, and LW for both male and female broilers were similar (P>0.05) across all treatments. AKLM did not affect (P>0.05) gut organ digesta pH, lengths, and weight values of male and female broilers aged 21 days. At day 42 of age, AKLM inclusion levels in the diets affected (P<0.05) gastrointestinal tract (GIT...

Ibrahim S. Abu-Alya1*, Nagwa I. Sheraiba2, Enas K. Aziz2, Noha A. Osman2, Afaf A. Kishta1 

... 0.5% rate (T4) showed a significant increase of growth performance (overall body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate) with a lower feed conversion ratio. Besides, garlic oil supplementation on fish diet at a 0.5% rate (T2) improved the overall body weight. The plasma biochemical parameters results indicate that garlic oil and/or ginger oil supplementation on the Nile tilapia diet at different levels raises markedly raises the T4 hormone level and re...

Bnar Shahab Hamad1, Bushra Hussain Shnawa1*, Rafal Abdulrazaq Alrawi2 

...resently identified as a significant parasite that should be prevented and controlled globally. This work investigated the immune response and apoptosis expression in hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Experimentally hydatid cysts infection of BALB/c mice was established, and the manifestation of immune actions and apoptosis were detected histopathologically and by immunohistochemical markers staining. The infected livers with hydatid cysts from the mice were proc...

Ahmad-ur-Rahman Saljoqi, Muhammad Tayeb and Muhammad Salim*

...basis. The result showed significant differences among different wheat cultivars with respect to the time interval for most of the parameters. Aphid’s population was at its peak during the 3rd week of February but later on, the aphid’s population decreased as the population of its natural enemies increased. Based on mean populations of aphid leaf-1, cultivar Pakhtunkhwa-15 recorded the maximum mean number of aphids (5.48 leaf-1), while PS-13 record...

Nurul Isnaini1*, Ervin Kusuma Dewi Reksadinata1, Faizal Andri1, Tri Harsi2, Ida Zahidah Irfan2 

...showed that the bull age significantly affects semen volume, pH, sperm concentration, total sperm, total motile sperm, and frozen semen production of Aceh cattle (p < 0.05). However, it was found that there was no significant change in the sperm motility, before freezing, post-thawing, and during recovery across age (p > 0.05). Semen volume, total sperm, total motile sperm, and frozen semen production increased in bull...

Ekechukwu Esther1, Ohanu Chinenye1, Ossai Nelson1*, Elijah Okwuonu1, Hinmikaiye Funmilayo1, Ngene Innocent1, Andong Felix1, Ikegbunam Clara2, Echude Daniel1, Ekeh Felicia1 and Odo Gregory1

...a nitrogen revealed non- significant changes among the groups that received different dietary treatments (P>0.5). The activities of small intestine trypsin of rats fed on diet 20% were higher than those of other diets, (p<0.05). The rats fed on 50% diet had the highest relative weight of stomach while the ones fed on 0% diet had also the highest relative weight of small intestinal contents and caecum. Inclusion of C. cajan also increased (P< 0.05) the...

Jiahua Peng1,2, Shiyao Hua3* and Qian Wu4

...t showed that DHEA could significantly reduce fasting blood glucose and insulin levels and improve insulin sensitivity index, and the effect was more obvious in the high-dose group. The above results indicated that DHEA could regulate the intestinal microbial level of rats, and further regulate the sugar metabolism process of rats by increasing the serum estrogen level through the estrogen-microbial axis. RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis showed that the expres...

Hamenya Mpemba1, Fan Yang1, Kirsty J. MacLeod2,3, Dusu Wen1, Yan Liu1,4 and Guangshun Jiang1,*

...isual but not odour cues significantly affected ungulate visitation rates: ungulates showed reduced visitation to sites with either a novel or familiar visual predator cue. When combined, mesopredators and top predators also showed a small reduction in visitation rates to tiger cue sites compared to bear cue sites, suggesting a possible novel predator effect. The generalisation and contextual importance of predator cues for prey and mesopredators have been lit...

Muhammad Said1, Amjad Hussain Mirani1, Abdul Kabir*1,2, Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan3, Abdul Latif Bhutto1, Ghulam Shabbir Barham1, Khaleeq Ur Rahman Bhutto4, Muhammad Uzair1, Maaz Khan1 

... nutrition, resulting in significant losses. Because the quantity and quality of milk are so important in the dairy sector, there have been significant financial losses. As a result, adequate maintenance and preventative measures must be maintained in order to ensure any dairy business is viable and sustainable. Various strategies for detecting mastitis have evolved, including proteomic approaches, particular immunoassays, a...

Shad Mahfuz1,2†, Hong-Seok Mun1,3†, Veasna Chem1, Keiven Mark B Ampode1,4, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1,5, Hae-Rang Park1, Il-Byung Chung1, Young-Hwa Kim6, Chul-Ju Yang1,5* 

... in repellent feeder was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in bitrex chemical (denatonium benzoate) and thiophanate-methyl chemical. No differences were noted in the number of feeding approach among the natural repellent, capsaicin, red chili, ground garlic, and dead insects (Riptortus clavatus). Moreover, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) on the number of feeding approaches in the non-repellent feeder. The...

Reza Aghnoum*, Hamid-Reza Sharifi, Masoud Ghodsi and Ahmad Zare Fizabadi

...s were not statistically significant. In the 3th rotation pattern (wheat, maize, wheat, melon and wheat) interaction of tillage × residue retention had a significant effect on the population of fungivorous and free-living nematodes. In the 4th rotation pattern (wheat, canola, wheat, Persian clover, tomato and wheat), tillage intensity influenced the population density of fungivorous and free-living nematodes

Rani Winardi Wulan Sari1, Novirman Jamarun2*, Suyitman3, Khasrad4, Elihasridas2, James Hellyward5, Gusri Yanti1 

...Range Test to reveal the significant differences between different treatments applied. The result showed that different ratios between HML and NG contributed significantly differences (p<0.05) in phytochemical contents, in vitro nutrient and fiber fraction digestibility, Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA), Ammonia (NH3), and gas production. No significantly differences (p>0.05) were observed ...

Saydat Saad Abd El-Megeed1, Walaa Yehia El-Sayed1*, Tarek Khamis2 

... other hand, there was a significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) –γ, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), PPAR-α, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in pancreatic homogenate, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) in pancreatic homogenate which is also a dose- and time-dependent manner. Thus, the study has demonstrated that the combinati...

Samaa M Galal1, Sally Ibrahim2, Karima Mahmoud2, Ola Adel1, Aya A. Shokry3, El-Belely MS1, Ismail Sayed Taha1* 

...mation. Results showed a significant rise of TNFα mRNA during late stage of CL and increase the expression of CASP3, FASLG and AGTR2 mRNAs during mid-stage of CL. Furthermore, NOS2 mRNA was raised during early stage of CL. Surprisingly, NO in CL homogenate was raised through early and late stages of CL. Additionally, P4 increased in mid-stage of CL. Taken together, the fine tuning between apoptotic genes (TNFα- BAX - CASP3 - FASLG - AGTR2 - and NOS...

Nishim Bhusal1, Bhuwan Raj Bhatt2*, Saroj Shrestha3 and Arjun Chapagain4

...ound to be statistically significant (P<0.05), while stage and breed-wise prevalence was insignificant (P>0.05). Fasciolosis is prevalent moderately among cattle in Tillottoma municipality, which necessitates the study of detailed epidemiology of the disease and effective control strategies to prevent huge economic losses.

...

Ting Jia1*, Dong-Min Hou2 and Wan-Long Zhu2*

...mass in A. chevrieri was significantly affected by temperature, food and photoperiod, which was decreased by low temperature, food restriction and short photoperiod. RMR and NST were significantly affected by temperature and food quantity. The content of leptin was significantly affected by temperature, photoperiod and food quantity. Low temperature, short photoperiod and food restriction ...

Murad Ali Rahat1*, Muhammad Israr2, Hakim Khan1, Ishtiaq Hassan1, Mohammad Islam1 and Muzafar Shah3

...82 and rs1800407 SNP are significant association with eye color. Conclusion: This study showed that the most prevalent human color traits among Pakhtun population of Shangla was brown eye color and the IrisPlex system accurately predicted blue and brown eye color as such as an actual eye color of the individual while intermediate was misclassified into brown eye color, so online tool of IrisPlex system needed more SNPs inclusion for the prediction of accurate ...

Saleh M. Albarrak1*, Fahad S. Aldahmashi1,2, Abdulrhman A. Alrubayan1,2, Abdel Kader A. Zaki1,3 

...ma ASAs indexes (%) were significantly elevated in the >7 years group compared to the >3 to ≤5 and ≥5 to ≤7 years groups (P ≤ 0.05), and in the ≥5 to ≤7 years group compared to the >3 to ≤5 years group (P ≤ 0.05). Serum and seminal plasma ASAs indexes were significantly higher in the Waddah breed compared to the Majaheem breed (P ≤ 0.05). The sperm motility and viability were

Jeki Mediantari Wahyu Wibawanti1,3, Sri Mulyani2*, Rudy Hartanto1, Ahmad Ni’matullah Al-Baarri2, Yoyok Budi Pramono2, Anang Mohamad Legowo2 

...evels of synbiotic had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the total LAB, pH value, viscosity, total dissolved solid, and total soluble dietary fibre of yogurt. The yogurt with the addition synbiotic 8% was the highest (p<0.05) in the total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and the soluble dietary fibre compared to the other treatment. The addition of a synbiotic had no effect on the titratable acidity of the yogurt (p>0.05).

Keywords | Goat milk yogurt...

Shahid Amin1*, Jabbar Khan1, Imran Khan2, Dost Muhammad1, Kamran Ullah Khan1, Naqeeb Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Azhar Jameel3 

...arasitism is regarded as significant risk factor for the dynamic ability of small-ruminants and it sources enormous economic fatalities in most divisions of the globe as well as Pakistan. This study was designed with the objective to determine the hematological profile and prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases in small ruminants and to correlate it with its health status. Total of 500 blood samples (Sheep, n=250, Goat, n=250) were collected from different are...

Man Wang1 and Fengmei Yang2*

...ences were statistically significant (P<0.05); TOP2A gene expression was positively correlated with immune cells infiltration (P<0.05); the overall survival, disease-free survival and survival probability of patients with high expression of TOP2A gene were lower than those with low expression of TOP2A gene (P<0.05). In clinical specimens, the expression of TOP2A in cancer tissues were significantly higher than that ...

Florence N. Nworah*, Nene O. Uchendu, Ifeoma F. Chukwuma*, Emmanuel C. Ossai and Emmanuel C. Ezeako

...suppression, there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in haematological parameters and a significant (p<0.05) increase in the concentrations and activities of oxidative stress biomarkers. However, treatment with the blood of P. sinuatus reversed the effect of cyclophosphamide on the haematological parameters and the oxidative stress biomarkers. These results suggest that the P. sinuatus blood exhibits both haematopoie...

Aslı Çilingir Yeltekin

..., 8-OHdG, and MDA levels significantly increased compared to the control (p < 0.05). The kidney and muscle tissues indicated a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) compared to the control (p< 0.05). Therefore, these data may reflect one of the molecular pathways that play a role in tebuconazole toxicity.

...

Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1*, Hamna Rashid1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Sana Bashir1, Fatima Khalid1 and Nisar Ahmad3

...l status. Results showed significant improvement in the hematological indices and proximate composition of catla fingerlings. The highest carcass composition (CP 18.84%, CF 9%, GE 2.44 kcal/g) was found in fish fed on test diet III supplemented with 2g/kg of probiotics. Similarly, counts of RBCs (2.75 106 mm-3), WBCs (7.87 103 mm-3), Hb (8 g/100ml) as well as PLT (64.68) were highest in fish fed on the 2g/kg probiotics supplemented test diet. While the lowest ...

Hira Jabbin1, Muhammad Arshad1*, Naunain Mehmood1, Wardah Hassan1, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2 and Farzana Siddique3

...lor, taste and odor were significantly improved in chitosan treated samples as compared to untreated samples. Furthermore, among chitosan treatment groups, 1% chitosan treatment showed best preservative effect on mori fillets. Therefore, it can be concluded that 1% chitosan treatment is most effective for maintaining the storage quality of mori fillets during this experiment.

...

Madad Ali1, Muhammad Ahsan1, Muhammad Zubair Akram*2 and Samreen Nazeer3

...the highest positive and significant genotypic correlation with plant height (r = 0.784) followed by number of leaves per plant (r = 0.715). Grains yield also showed the highest positive and significant phenotypic correlation with plant height (r = 0.469) followed by total biomass (r = 0.431). Number of grain rows per cob (r = 2.662) exhibited the highest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant followed by total biom...

Shakir Ali1, Zia Ul Haq1, Abdul Malik1, Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan3

...flat pattern P1 produced significantly (P<0.05) higher grain (7568.7 kg ha-1) and biomass (17571.2 kg ha-1) yield as compared to P5 that produced 6160.85 kg ha-1 grain and 11340.65 kg ha-1 biomass. The planting pattern P2 is par with P1 produced 6944.5 kg ha-1 grain yield and 16500.7 kg ha-1 of biomass. No significant effect was found in yield among P2, P3 and P4. Similarly, no statistically signi...

Ishtiaq Ahmad1*, Muhammad Nafees1, Maryam2, Irfan Ashraf3, Ambreen Maqsood4 and Muhammad Saqib5 

...y fruits to evaluate the significant drying method with minimal nutritional losses. The fruit samples were collected from mulberry plants growing at the experimental area, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Analysis of variance showed significant effect of drying methods on fruit quality of mulberry (p ≤ 0.05). There was significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in fresh and dry...

Sanwal Masood1, Dildar Ahmed2, Silvia Machado1 and Sohaib Aslam1*

...ron and silver. However, significant differences were present among the water samples of selected locations which indicated strong influence of type of land use on ground water quality. Monitoring of such activities by government departments is the deer need for conserving the quality of drinking water of this mega city.

...

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Chand Raza1, Ayesha Muzamil1, Farman Ahmad Chaudhary2, Muhammad Summer1 and Aamir Ali1

...lood cells was increased significantly. The effect of sericin and curcumin was dose dependent. The highest concentrations of sericin (0.09 mg/ml) and curcumin (3%) reversed the blood parameters close to the normal. The hematological studies for this mixture formulation of sericin 0.09 mg/ml sericin and 3% curcumin were reported for the first time and they significantly (p< 0.05) balanced all blood cells. 

Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Chand Raza1, Ayesha Muzamil1, Farman Ahmad Chaudhary2, Muhammad Summer1 and Aamir Ali1

...lood cells was increased significantly. The effect of sericin and curcumin was dose dependent. The highest concentrations of sericin (0.09 mg/ml) and curcumin (3%) reversed the blood parameters close to the normal. The hematological studies for this mixture formulation of sericin 0.09 mg/ml sericin and 3% curcumin were reported for the first time and they significantly (p< 0.05) balanced all blood cells. 

Sherif Abdelghany1, Hossam Mahrous Ebeid2*, Ahmed Abdelkader Aboamer2, Mohamed Ali Radwan1, Rania Agamy1 

... Nile Valley district. A significant difference (P < 0.05) observed in daily milk and fat-corrected milk (FCM) yields between both districts. Cattle in all areas under this study showed a lower Fat : protein ratio than the optimal ratio. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) was significantly different (P < 0.05) between the two districts, was (P < 0.05) higher than standard level in both districts. The MUN levels in cattle and ...

Widiastuti Ardiansyah1,3, Osfar Sjofjan2*, Eko Widodo2, Suyadi Suyadi2, Danung Nur Adli2 

...of variance (ANOVA). The significant difference (p < 0.05) was applied if treatments were significant. The regression equation y = 0.076x + 0.005 was obtained with coefficient r = 0.999. The results on the reproductive appearance of the Mojosari ducks showed that the average weight of the ovaries, large white and small white follicles had a significant effect (p <0.05). In conclusion...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Naila Chand1 and Muhammad Tahir2

...sion ratio (FCR) was non-significant among all groups. Water intake during phase-1 was (P<0.05) higher in group D as compared to other treated groups while nonsignificant during phase-2 and 3. The average daily eggs production on weekly basis during phase-1 was calculated as non-significant while during phase-2 and 3 higher for the control group than all other groups. Hen day egg produc...

Ansar Abbas1*, Muhammad Aman Ullah2, Abdul Waheed3 and Muhammad Asif4

...led that HL was the most significant predictor of live BW of Thalli sheep by using both methods. However, the comparative analysis shows that the CHAID algorithm performed well as compared to the MLR (CHAID vs. MLR: R2 % = 79.38 vs. 73.27; Adj-R2 %= 78.70 vs. 72.50; SD ratio=0.45 vs. 0.51; RMSE= 3.15 vs. 3.58; RAE= 0.12 vs. 0.14; MAD= 2.41 vs. 2.74; CV%=13.28 vs. 15.11; AIC =638.50 vs. 708.28; r= 0.89 vs. 0.85). Consequently, it is hoped that the results of th...

Hemat A. Abdel Magied*, Heba H. Habib, Amany H. Waly, Ahmed Fadl, Sayed M. Shalash 

...re: the EXP1 showed that significant improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) for chicken in P treatment by 8.38 and 5.75 % in compared to control and PE, respectively. Also, chicken in PEP treatment significantly (P<0.05) increased dressing % by 7.89% and drum stick by 9.27% compared to control. All supplementation had significant improvement in total protein (TP) level in broiler me...

Noha M. Abd El-Azeem*, Hemat A. Abdel Magied, Mervat N. Ghazal, Nehad A. Ramadan, Enayat H. Abo El-Azayem, Y. S. Hussein, Heba H. Habib 

...and Biostrong recorded a significant (P≤0.05) increase in doe weight at mating, prepartum, partum and weaning period, and the rate of feed intake increased in the treated groups, especially the G5 through gestation period and the G3 in lactation stage. The milk yield also increased in the rabbits in treated groups, especially the G5, and it appeared clearly in the third parity. Birth size at birth and at weaning, birth weight and milk production were incre...
Mansha Tahir1, Abdul Rauf2,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi2,3*, Nuzhat Shafi2, Muhammad Hasnain Ali Gillani3, Sundus Khawaja4, Syeda Maria Fiaz Bukhari4, Tehniat Summer4 and Muhammad Majid Bashir2
...ears etc., were assessed significant risk factors in the spread of hepatitis B and C. Awareness of the general population was carried out through organizing awareness lectures and distribution of awareness material.

...
Thobela Louis Tyasi*, Innocent Mokhwee Mohlabeng and Lebelo Joyceline Selala
...itively high statistical significant correlation with TL (r = 0.64), TD (r = 0.64) and SC (r = 0.64). Spearman’s rho correlation results indicated that BCS had a high positively statistical significant correlation with BW (r = 0.84), TL (r = 0.61), TD (r = 0.57) and SC (r = 0.57). TL had a positively statistical significant correlation with TD (r = 0.74) and SC (r = 0.74). Correlatio...

V. Sunitha*, V. Vasudeva Rao, V. Ravinder Reddy, P. Venkateshwarlu, A.V.L.N. Ramalingeswar Rao and B. Naresh

...pportunistic) and played significant role in reducing the various crop pests in the study range.

...

Shahid Iqbal1,2, Zulha Javed1, Mushtaq Hussain Zahid3, Qurat ul Ane Gillani4 and Furhan Iqbal1,*

...08) levels in serum were significantly elevated in P. pinnata leaf extract treated mice. Mice treated with E. camaldulensis leaf extract had significantly reduced white blood cells (P = 0.05), platelets (P = 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.04) and significantly increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin levels (P = 0.04) as compared to control group. Our results indicated that both leaf ...

Asma Basharat1, Abdul Wajid2*, Andleeb Batool1, Tayyeba Batool3, Abdul Basit4, Kamran Abbas5, Aziz Ullah1 and Mahmood Shaukat6

...ms may responsible for a significant proportion of non-syndromic CP cases in Pakistani population and confirming its importance as a frequent cause of non-syndromic CP across various populations. The robustness of the association between TBX22 and CP is worth further examination in the future across different populations.

...
Jie Wu1,2, Xiang-long Lu1,2, Wen-dan Wang1,2, Tian-you Wu1,2, Xing-yi Zhang1,2 and Yan-jing Su1,2*
... For the milk protein, a significant difference between milk types was found in β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and α-lactalbumin (α-LA), but not in casein content. The content of β-LG and α-LA in milk with the high foaming property of 70-96% (milk C) was significantly higher than that of milk with the low foaming property 30-48% (milk E). In terms of essential amino acids (EAA), the leucine (Leu) and...

Anum Syyam1,2, Nazish Saqlain1, Sidra Hareem1, Naghmana Mazhar1, Liaqat Ali3 and Samia Afzal2*

...d group did not have any significant impact on anti-A and anti-B titer frequencies. To conclude IgM and IgG anti-A and anti-B antibodies exist in significant frequencies and titers among group O donors in Lahore. It is recommended that the transfusion of group O blood to non-O recipients should be done after evaluating the titer of anti-A and anti-B hemolysins.

...

Nina Chen1, Shuang Xu2, Juanjuan Lin1* and Moslem Lari Najafi3

...in sodium did not change significantly. The particle size of the mixture containing vancomycin hydrochloride, levofloxacin hydrate, metronidazole and fluconazole increased gradually. The particle size of fosfomycin sodium in the mixture containing gentamicin sulfate, abacain sulfate, minocycline hydrochloride, ciprofloxacin and/ or ciprofloxacin also changed significantly after preparation. We concluded the particle size cha...

Qingyue Han1, Ying Li1, Jichang Deng1, Kunxuan Huang1, Yanyang Yang1, Quanwei Li1, Zhuowei Zhang1, Na Qiao1, Yanju Ji2, Khalid Mehmood3, Sarfaraz Ali Fazlani4, Hui Zhang1 and Zhaoxin Tang1*

...tamin D3 supplementation significantly up regulated the above genes expression. In conclusion, our findings suggested that 25(OH)D3 and Ca2+ supplementation in sows’ diets has an important role in the development of heart and differentiation of myocardial fibers in neonatal piglets by changing the expression of the IGF pathway and myocardial cells proliferation.

...

K. H. El-Kholy1*, Enayat Hassan Abo El-Azayem2, Safaa Ataya Barakat2, Mona Gamel Mohamed3, Sara H. M. Hassab1 

...ghest levels (G3 and G4) significantly (P≤0.05) increased the final body weight, daily weight gain and feed efficiency. The AV inclusion, especially in high dose “G4”, lead to significant (P≤0.05) reduction in bacteria count of E. coli and clostridium spp. and increased total bacterial count in caecal content. The caecal NH3 concentration significantly (P≤0.05) decreas...

Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar1, Farah Umar2, Naeem Akhtar3 and Muhammad Jan4

... results obtained showed significant effect on rooting ability of the cuttings. The appealing results obtained at T6 (IBA+UP+PB) where maximum rooting 56.8% with average number of roots per cutting 4.4 and root length 4.3 cm was observed. This treatment also showed higher callusing 80.5%, sprouting 83.3% and survival rate 51.1% as compared to all other treatments. Among other treatments T5 (IBA+PB) and T4 (IBA+UP) are ranked second and third respectively in te...

Zarnosh Habib1, Muhammad Ibrahim2*, Nasir Shah2, Israr Ullah3 and Norman Javed Gill4

...observations indicated a significant effect of different depths of host pupae and its age on the amount of parasitism by parasitoid. Maximum significant (F = 10.78, P < 0.0001) parasitized pupae were recorded at 72 h of age at surface of the debris, while minimum number of parasitized pupae were recorded in a day old pupae at 3 cm depth. Correlation of percent pupal parasitism with depths of host pupae in plant debris, sh...

Andy1,4*, Ratmawati Malaka2, Sri Purwanti3, Hikmah M Ali2, Tutik Lusyta Aulyani4, Danung Nur Adli5 

...mand on Academics, least significant differences were applied if there are significance. The result showed that using encapsulation of liquid smoke was significantly difference (p < 0.05) on the body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), crypt depth, and reduce total population of Escherichia coli in the intestinal. To sum up, using liquid smoke encapsulation successfully increasing villus height and reduce feed conve...

Muhammad A. Ahmad1, Shabbir Hussain2*, Humera A. Awan3, Muhammad Riaz4 and Muhammad Saeed1

... spray has resulted in a significant rise of leaf development, stem growth and height of the wheat plants. The PGRs concentrations of 100ppm and 150ppm were proved to be most effective and possessed the momentous potential to increase the plant growth as well as yield of the wheat crop. It was concluded that the PGRs application reduces the economic cost of the farmer and also increases the nutritional value of wheat crop.

...

Muhammad Mansoor1, 2, Sheheryar1 and Shahid Ali Khan1*

..., and harvest index were significantly affected by different varieties, and their interaction with the harvest at various flowering flushes. Inqelab Mung give higher yield compared to other varieties by producing 26 and 37 percent (63 percent) of its total yield in the 1st and 2nd flushes, respectively, with maturity for both flushes in around 63 days. In addition, its yield was higher than NM-2011, Dera Mung, and NM-98 by 21 %, 51 %, and 40 %, respectively. C...

Muhammad Mansoor1, 2, Sheheryar1 and Shahid Ali Khan1*

..., and harvest index were significantly affected by different varieties, and their interaction with the harvest at various flowering flushes. Inqelab Mung give higher yield compared to other varieties by producing 26 and 37 percent (63 percent) of its total yield in the 1st and 2nd flushes, respectively, with maturity for both flushes in around 63 days. In addition, its yield was higher than NM-2011, Dera Mung, and NM-98 by 21 %, 51 %, and 40 %, respectively. C...

Khalid Hussain1, Muneer Abbas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Zubeda Parveen1, Sohail Abbas2, Ali Raza3 and Abdul Ghaffar1

...erature had positive and significant correlation with population captured in the traps while humidity had negative and non-significant correlation with per unit population attraction. There was no significant difference of correlation between the traps attraction and years. Temperature and humidity had 47 and 0.9, 53 and 13 % impact on per unit population change in the YMT during 2019 and ...

Khalid Hussain1, Muneer Abbas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Zubeda Parveen1, Sohail Abbas2, Ali Raza3 and Abdul Ghaffar1

...erature had positive and significant correlation with population captured in the traps while humidity had negative and non-significant correlation with per unit population attraction. There was no significant difference of correlation between the traps attraction and years. Temperature and humidity had 47 and 0.9, 53 and 13 % impact on per unit population change in the YMT during 2019 and ...

Sugiharto Sugiharto*, Ikania Agusetyaningsih, Endang Widiastuti, Hanny Indrat Wahyuni, Turrini Yudiarti, Tri Agus Sartono 

...icks. While there was no significant effect of the treatments on complete blood counts and serum biochemical parameters, serum creatinine concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in HSD and HSD-P than in CONT and HSD-PC. In conclusion, germinated papaya seeds or a mixture of germinated papaya seeds and chitosan improved broiler production performance and kidney health while alleviating muscle protein catabolism in high-density pens from days 15 to 28.

Ke...

Istna Mangisah1*, Heni Rizqiati2, Nyoman Suthama1 

...ia tuber extract mixture significantly increased (p <0.05) nutrient digestibility and intestinal total lactic acid bacteria, but decreased coliform and improved growth performance of broilers. However, the treatment did not affect the digestive and immune organ weights of broilers. In conclusion, supplementation of LDTE2 improves intestinal bacterial balance, protein digestibility, and growth performance of broilers, but it did not affect the relative weigh...

Kirana D.D. Adiputra1*, Tulus Maulana3 , Ekayanti M. Kaiin3, H. Hasbi2, Herry Sonjaya2 

... Simmental bull were not significantly different (P>0.05). Likewise, the frozen semen of Bali and Simmental breed did not show any significant differences (P>0.05) in terms of motility, acrosome status, intact plasma membrane, DNA integrity, and movement patterns, but the viability of Bali bull was significantly higher than that of Simmental bull and the abnormality of Simmental bull...

Amber Khalid1*, Farah Ashfaq1, Shahzadi Farah1, Amna Akbar1, Farkhanda Manzoor1, Muhammad Babar Khawar2, Saira Riaz3 and Safina Ashfaq3

...al subjects have shown a significant difference (P<0.00) in HDL level as compared to control subjects. Result of t test has shown significant increase (P<0.00) in total cholesterol and triglycerides level. Results have shown that there is highly significant correlation between body mass and serum creatinine level as P < 0.05. Serum albumin has also shown negative correlation with ...

Ahmed Rizk1, Gomaa Said Ramadan2*, Alaa Eldin Abdou3, Ossama Ahmed El-Weshahy1, Omer Sayed Rashed1 

...etween the two lines was significant (P≤0.05). Body weight at sexual maturity was 3155.16 g,1525.00g for males and females in generation one, 3137.35g,1526.24g in generation two, and 3119.91g,1526.83g in generation 3 respectively for Tanta G- 1 and Mamourah chickens strain respectively. In the first generation age at sexual maturity for Tanta G- 1 was 172 days, while it was 157 days for the Mamourah strain. The weight of the first egg weight was (45.46g) f...

Reda Hassan*, Bahaa Abou-shehema, Sherif Zayed, Micheal Gorgy, Shama Morsy, El-Sayed Abu El-Hassan, Mahmoud El-Gbaly, Hanaa Basuony, Ebtehal Hassan 

...ed with a PC diet showed significantly (P<0.05) a worse feed conversion ratio and inferior daily body weight during the experimental period. Furthermore, AFB1 toxicity at 1mg dose significantly (P<0.05) increased creatinine, uric acid concentrations, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and significantly (P<0.05) reduced the antibody titer ag...

Olatokunbo Hammed Osinowo1*, Maria Gbemisola Ogunnaike1 and Esther Toluwatope Tolorunju

...gh rate of poverty has a significant linear influence on agricultural development, and that on the other hand, agricultural development significantly contributes to the continent’s effort to eradicate poverty. The study concluded that development of agriculture sector is a crucial first step in creating efficient approaches to poverty alleviation in West Africa. However, the right agricultural innovation technologies, ...

Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed1*, Aziz Ullah2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta3, Ammara Yasmeen4, Hafeez ur Rehman5 and Umar Farooq5

...sphericity (GS) differed significantly among all genotypes, indicating the presences of genetic variability. Yield related traits like SPS, NGS, and GYP is positively and highly correlated with GL, GW, GA and GS which exhibited the importance of these indices in studied germplasm. It was therefore suggested that positively and significantly correlated traits can be used for future breeding programs. The genotypes G33 followe...
Humaira Gul1*, Muhammad Junaid Yousaf1*, Fawad Ali1, Mamoona Rauf1, Farhad Ali2 and Iqthedar Ali3
...s, and chlorophylls were significantly (P<0.05) increased in sandy soil proportion whereas in soil analysis moisture, hygroscopic water, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), chlorides, organic matter were significantly (P<0.05) increased for the soily soil in same proportion that is of sandy soil. This reveals that Barley should be grown in sandy soil for its better growth and productivity. The least growth parameters w...

Lopamudra Samantaray*, Yashaswi Nayak 

...e, and shell weight were significantly improved (p<0.05) with the mixed diet supplemented with black pepper and turmeric. The egg shape index was considerably enhanced (p<0.05) while the egg cholesterol level was reduced (p<0.05) with 1% black pepper supplementation. However, the mixed dietary EOs treatment did not affect (p>0.05) albumin index and shell thickness. The results of this study showed that a 0.5% combination diet of black pepper, turme...

Naheed Zahra*, Muhammad Qasim, Muhammad Azam Niazi, Muhammad Ishaq and Mubbashira Nazir

...tive but statistically insignificant impact on pulses’ production. This can possibly be explained by the fact that pulses are considered a risky crop due to yield fluctuations when compared to the competing cereal and other cash crops. Gram production in the Punjab is negatively affected by frequent unfavorable weather and disease incidences. Its production was found to be inversely related to the prices of wheat the major competing crop. This shows that...

Noor-us-Sabah1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Tayyab Boota1, Muhammad Luqman2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Amir Aziz1 and Ameer Hamza1 

... leaf P %, and leaf K %) significantly as compared to control. Similarly, soil chemical properties including organic matter (O.M %) contents, available and extractable concentration of P (ppm) and K (ppm) in soil also increased. Although, all the organic sources had shown positive results but press mud application performed best regarding availability of K and poultry manure performed best in terms of P availability.

...

Abdullah Al Musabbir1, Md Abedur Rahman2*, Naveed Anjum2, 3 and Mustajab Ali4,5

... Blade B. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the percentage of time loss in strip tillage was observed by using Blade B compared to that of the Blade A in all considered cases. Thus, Blade B was found to be better in strip tillage system in both anchored and loose residues in the field compared to Blade A. However, due to additional accumulated straws in the furrow opener and the excessive weight of the roller cutter in the tillage process, it is recommen...

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1*, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Ali Zachi Abdulqader Alhilfi2, Sohail Ahmed Otho1, Qurban Ali3, Din Muhammad Soomro1 and Zubair Ahmed Soomro1

...y of total production is significantly affected. For last few years, a substantial consideration has been given globally to different botanical oils due to their pesticidal properties and environmental safety. In this context, we evaluated the insecticidal effect of four botanical oils against C. maculatus including neem seeds (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), rocket seeds (Erucas sativa Mill.), cotton seeds (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and mustard seeds (Brassica nigr...

Ifrah Amjad1, Muhammad Nouman Khalid1*, Muhammad Kashif1, Muhammad Noman1, Sajid Ali2, Rizwan Ahmed Shaikh3, Muhammad Babar4, Muhammad Asim Bhutta5 and Amna Bibi5

...ence stress. Swarna Sub1 significantly produced more primary branches per panicle (10.5), yield (5.13 g) and harvest index (13.09) under drought stress as compare to the Nagina-22. Whereas remaining all Sub1 genotypes also showed better performance than drought susceptible check (IR-64) and showed non-significant difference with Nagina-22 for most of the drought tolerance related traits. The results suggested that genotype h...

Mushtaq Hussain Soomro1, Jan Muhammad Mari1, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal2* and Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar2

...mes. Results confirmed a significant effect of the addition of sugarcane and date palm stems to enhance the mean capture of RPW compared to Ferrolure+ traps. The addition of banana stems captured a smaller number of weevils. The ability of Ferrolure+ to attract RPW increased till July 13, 2018, and then gradually declined as no weevils were captured after August 3, 2018. Moreover, the number of females captured in pheromone traps was two times more than the ma...

Emtiaz Ibrahim Ghoniem, Gaber Mamdouh Abdelgalil, Amira Farouk Gad* and El-Sayed Hassan Eshra

 
...ffects of CuSO4 led to a significant increment of AChE activities in treated snails after all tested times. While the tested compound inhibited ALP activities in all treated animal groups. AST and ALT activities in treated snails were significantly altered by tested doses of CuSO4. This study suggests that the activity of these enzymes modulation may be one of the biochemical mechanisms of CuSO4 toxicity. 
&...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Rizwan2,3*, Tanveer Ahmad4, Muhammad Kashif5, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ali6, Asghar Abbas7, Safder Imran8, Sidra Saher9, Syeda Fakhra Waheed10

...erization. Occurrence of significant trans-boundary animal diseases (TADs) was highlighted by adopting special parameters of participatory disease surveillance (PDS). Data analysis showed that FMD, theileriosis, and HS are the most important, of which FMD was found to be most common diseases in study area. Other main livestock health problems observed during study was respiratory syndrome, mastitis, enterotoxaemia, tick and mite infestations and pox disease. T...

Naila Shahzadi1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Azizullah1, Muhamamd Farooq Bhatti2, Shaukat Ali1, Muhamamd Summer1 and Farman Ahmad Chaudhary3

...an control (96.13%). The significant difference was noted in the larval weight in both control and experimental groups. Cocoon weight (1.34 ± 0.05), shell weight (0.39 ± 0.04g), pupal weight (1.03 ± 0.04g) and shell ratio (22.61 ± 2.83) were found higher in G2 (5% sericin) larvae compared to the control (G1). Similar trend was observed in G3 (3% honey) for cocoon width (1.67 ± 0.03cm), cocoon length (2.98 ± 0.05), fila...

Muhammad Khalid Bhatti, Khalil Ahmed*, Ghulam Shabir, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Ashfaq Anjum, Muhammad Sarfraz, Amar Iqbal Saqib, Abdul Wakeel, Hafeezullah Rafa, Nadeem Iqbal, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Rizwan and Muhammad Faisal Nawaz

...ypes. These findings are significant and could be used to bring the salt-affected area under rice culture.

...

Samantha Shiuan Erl Lee1, Nurul Huda2*, Yetti Marlida3, Eng-Keng Seow4 

...d treatment had caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in pH and expressible moisture, apart from improving the gel strength and folding test score of egg white gels. Improvement of gel strength was substantiated by the significantly higher (p<0.05) hardness and springiness of egg white gels. Hardness and springiness of ultrasound-treated chicken egg white gels were 3019.17-3399.67 g and 8.71-9.23 mm, respectively. Whi...
Emel Hulya Yukseloglu1, Fatma Cavus Yonar1*, Omer Karatas1, Gulten Rayimoglu1, Faruk Asicioglu1, Elif Canpolat1, Onur Ozturk2 and Itir Erkan3
...evealed that there was a significant difference between Turkish and South Africa (0.1198) population and no difference was observed for Azerbaijan (0.0097) population.
...
Shahrokh Mojarradgandoukmolla* and Hasan Akan
...nly lymphocytes showed a significant change in the treated group with T. uncinata. The levels of liver enzymes, lipid profile and glucose in the ethanol group increased significantly compared to the control, while these parameters were significantly improved in the groups treated with these three taxa. In the ethanol group, renal function and oxidative indices along with ESR showed ...
Ahmad Zaman, Azhar Rafique*, Farhat Jabeen and Tayyaba Sultana
...ites. There was a highly significant difference (P<0.01) in the diversity and abundance of open field area and built-up area. All 87 species and 203304 individuals were observed from open field area while built up area harbor only 55 species and 64709 individual birds. Among sampling sites, agriculture land was the most dominant site in terms of number of individuals while highest avian diversity was observed at river Chenab sides. Summer season was the mos...

Monis Hussain Shah1*, Rizwan Rafique2,6, Munawar Almas1, Muhammad Usman3, Sadia Yasin4 and Sajida Bibi5

...development due to that; significant increase in production were observed during second, third and fourth development plan. Small land holdings, poor quality/low quantity of inputs and lack of crop improvement programs with respect to the disease, lack of disease and problem oriented research in major fruits such as Guava, Grapes and Banana. Addressing these challenges of fruit production industry can further improve yield and quality of fruits local fruits. S...

Riaz Noor Panhwar1*, Abdul Fatah Soomro1, Muhammad Chohan1, Illahi Bux Bhatti1, Ali Hassan Mari1, Samia Arain1 and Sagheer Ahmad2

...ons. The ANOVA exhibited significant (p≤0.05) differences among the genotypes for cane thickness, cane height, number of millable canes, and cane yield, whereas, non-significant (p≥0.05) variations were observed for brix%, pol%, purity% and commercial cane sugar percentage (CCS%). The mean data showed a maximum cane yield of 150.84 t ha-1 for YtTh-1705, followed by YtTh-1707 (145.42 t ha-1) and YtTh-1701 (142.29 t ha-1...

Andi Tenri Bau Astuti Mahmud1, Lellah Rahim2, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2*, Sri Rachma Aprilita Bugiwati2, Wempie Pakiding2 

...e same, and there was no significant difference in the RFI with feed intake or body weight gain in Kalosi chicken based on high and low RFI phenotypes. High RFI has good carcass quality, which lies in the weight of carcass parts, larger meat and high meat percentage with low bone percentage. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the selection based on the residual feed intake phenotype did not produce any difference in the sarcomere and physical qua...

Eighty Mardiyan Kurniawati1*, Budi Santoso1, Fedik Abdul Rantam2, Widjiati3, Budi Iman Santoso4, Tri Hastono Setyo Hadi1, Gatut Hardianto1, Hari Paraton1  

...ntrol group. There was a significant difference between groups only in angiogenesis at day 21. Conclusion: Freeze-dried amnion plays a role in the wound healing process, especially in angiogenesis in the vesicovaginal fistula repair model. The use of freeze-dried amnion can be applied to assist the wound healing process in patients but still needs to be studied in humans.

Keywords | Freeze-dried amnion, Wound healing, Vesicovaginal fistula, Histology, ...

Kamel Etman Ibrahim Etman*, Salah Kamal Sayed, Farouk Amin El-Sayed, Abd-Alghany Hasaneen Ghoniem, Mostafa Mohamed El-Nahrawy, Mona Ahmed Alsayed Farag 

...plemented rations showed significant better feed utilization efficiency as kg DM, TDN or DCP per kg gain. The feed cost per kg weight gain recorded 28.874, 27.899 and 26.815 LE with animals fed ration A, B and C, respectively. So, the improvement of economical efficiencies were found and recorded 3.46 and 7.76 % with animals fed ration B and C , respectively. Using probiotics bacteria and fibrolytic enzyme in rations of fattening buffalo calves tended to impr...

M. Mansoor Javed*, M. Aslam Mirza, M. Aziz ur Rehman and M. Saif ur Rahman

...version ratio (FCR) were significantly (P<0.05) positively affected in response to diets having FFSB processed at 90°C for 45 minutes. Processing FFSB at 90°C for 15 minutes resulted in lowest weight gain, while poor FCR was observed in the birds fed FFSB processed at 110°C for 45 minutes. Extending the toasting time from 15 to 45 min improved FCR at 90°C. The AME and AMEn values were non-significant (P>...

Jinzhao He1, Pengfei Feng2, Junqi Qin2, Yun Teng1, Xu Luo2*, Zigui Chen1*, Huawei Ma2* and Dayan Zhou1

...tor Sp6 expressions were significantly increased in the low temperature group, while MC1R, Transcription factor (MafB, jun-D, AP-1, E2F5, ETV6, Sp9, Sp7, E2F1, Sp4) expressions were notably decreased. Further, the color variation of red tilapia at low temperature may result from the change of tyrosine activity in the body. The in-depth study of its regulatory mechanism contributes to understanding the genetic mechanism of red tilapia and improving the body sha...

Ergi Bahrioglu1, Mustafa Hac Isa2, Sibel Cengiz2 and Ertan Ercan2*

...ed white worms reached a significantly lower density (627 worms/unit) although the optimal nutritional value for the fish diet was ensured. These results showed that the carbohydrate content of the feed for white worm should be adjusted for optimal growth. Furthermore, the use of a combined plant- and fish feed-based diet can result in high growth performance and improved nutritional value during fish feed production.

...

He-Cai Zhang, Tian-Ge Hu, Chang-Ying Shi, Guang-Wen Chen* and De-Zeng Liu

...=0.405, P<0.01). This significant genetic variation mainly occurred within populations (59.52%), followed by 36.54% deriving from among populations. As for demographic analysis, positive Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs values (0.250 and 1.657, respectively) were found in concatenated Cytb/ITS-1 sequences as a whole for neutrality test. Moreover, the mismatch distribution was multimodal. Therefore, D. japonica in Taihang Mountains might have been undergoi...

Uzma Zulfiqar1, Mahroze Fatima2, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3*, Muhammad Afzal1, Shazia Shamas3, Sadia Roshan3, Moazama Batool4 and Muhammad Bilal5

...s activities also showed significant results by increasing vitamin E level in the diet. However, an inverse relation was recorded between the contents of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and vitamin E level in the diet. Moreover, analysis of fatty acids profile showed decrease in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). While, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were increased in all vitamin E supplemented diets compared to contr...

Hashem Saeed Murad1*, Salah Jassem Amin2, Rawa’a Muhammad Al-Chalabi3, Mahmood Khalaf Wasmi4 and Sundus Salim5

...he results also showed a significant correlation between the degree of knowledge of the respondents and each of the independent variables, (extension service duration use of information sources in the Domain of climate changes). On the other hand, there was no correlation between the degree of knowledge and each of the (age, gender, upbringing, academic qualification, specialization, training courses in the Domain of climate change). Focusing on the agricultur...

Most. Shakila Sarmin1,2, Md. Ashekur Rahman1,2, Most. Farida Parvin2,3, Mst. Shefaly Khatun4, Kazi Ahsan Habib5, Wasim Sabbir6, Jun Ohtomi7 and Md. Yeamin Hossain1*

...ht relations (LWRs) were significantly correlated (p < 0.0001), with values of r2 ≥ 0.961. The monthly co-efficient (b) revealed negative allometric growth (< 3.0) of all LWRs for both sexes, excluding males showed isometric growth in December (TL vs. BW). Additionally, length-length relationships (LLRs) indicated notable relation (p < 0.0001), with all r2 ≥ 0.991. The estimated Lm was 27.82 and 23.92 cm for male and female of M. cordyla, separa...
Dong-Min Hou1, Ting Jia2, Hui-Juan Wang1, Zheng-Kun Wang1 and Wan-Long Zhu1*
...s showed that there were significant differences in the expression of 2879 genes in cold acclimation group compared with that of control group, 1181 were up-regulated and 1698 were down-regulated in cold acclimation group. Pathway analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, steroid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid and fatty acid metabolism pathways relate...

Sumaria Maqsood1*, Muhammad Ali 2, Amna Shoaib3, Shahbaz Ahmad2 and Noor-ul-Ain2

...eat germ + tomato paste) significantly reduced the larval and pupal developmental duration by 30%, while, considerably enhancing eclosion rate, pupation survival rate, and the number of eggs by 20-30% along with the 40-50% reduction in the pupal and larvae mortality rate as compared to the tomato paste diet and chickpea diet. The rearing expenses for 200 larvae on the modified diet (674/Rs) were 2.5 folds less than the expenses for rearing the same number of l...

Maha Mostafa1, Sohail Soliman1, Reham I. Mohamed2 and Wael M. El-Sayed1*

...tion of testosterone has significantly increased the body weight and decreased the gonad weight in both sexes. It drastically affected the histology of testes and ovaries, causing a reduction in the sperm count and motility with a parallel reduction in the acid phosphatase activity. It also directly reduced the concentration of free testosterone and estradiol in both sexes without any apparent effect on LH or FSH hormones. It increased the total cholesterol in...

Zaheer Ahmed Lashari1, Muhammad Saleem Sarki1, Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1, Muhammad Sachal Khokhar1 and Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio2*

...(10 tons ha-1) +1/2 NPK) significantly improved the growth and yield attributes of onion crop than all other treatments. Compost or NPK application either in integration or alone boosted the NPK levels in onion leaves with respect to control treatment. The upmost content of N (0.91 %), P (0.91 %) and K (2.80 %) were recorded from T8, T2, and T7 respectively. We suggest that an integration of compost with inorganic fertilizer is a better choice for improved gro...
Farah Abid1,2, Mohammad Saleem1,3*, Tahir Maqbool4, Tania Ahmed Shakoori5, Faheem Hadi4, Tahir Muhammad4, Saira Aftab4, Yasir Hassan7 and Shabana Akhtar4,6*
...se were determined to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in the group treated with E-AM compared to the arthritic group. In addition, histopathological examination indicated reduction in the index of C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor and bone and cartilage erosion after treatment with E-AM. Collectively, our findings suggest that E-AM extract might have potential to perform anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity which could have beneficial impact f...

Saima Rubab1,3*, Ghazala H Rizwani2, Arjumand Iqbal Durrani3, Iram Liaqat4*, Urooj Zafar5, Mahjabeen6, Farah Batool7, Noor-E- Seher3, Naveera Younas3 and Ayesha Sadiqa8

...ammatory effect was less significant (p < 0.05) in seed extract, while leaf extract displayed highly significant results both at low and high doses. Likewise, both seed and leaf showed significant analgesic effects. However, compared to seed extract which showed highly significant (p < 0.001) increase in concentration dependent manner, leaf extract...

Sumreen Begum, Atta-ur-Rahman and Asmat Salim*

...Six2 and HNF1β were significantly expressed with concomitant expression of pluripotency genes. Nanog was highly expressed as compared to Oct4 and Sox2 at neonatal stage. Aicda, Glis1, Tbx3 and Dppa5 revealed higher expression among the regulatory genes in neonates, while Lin28, Klf4 and Stat3 were found with no significant difference as compared to adult stage. The nephron specific and pluripotency genes co-expressed in...

Lei Zeng1,2,3,4, Pimao Chen1,2,3,4, Zhenzhao Tang1,3,4, Jie Yu1,2,3,4 and Guobao Chen1,2,3,4*

... (30220 ind/km2) was not significant (P= 0.17). Therefore, the ecological effects evaluation of AR merely based on density assessment is not sensitive enough. Shannon-Wiener diversity (Hˊ) and Pielou evenness (Jˊ) in group A (2.74 and 0.78) were significantly higher than that in group B (2.3 and 0.7), implying an obvious ecological restoration effect of AR. Furthermore, crustaceans such as Alpheus brevicristatus, Charybdis...

Ahmed Fathy1, Rania A. Hassan2, Essam S. Soliman3* 

...minant function showed a significant association between the predictor variables and groups of dependent variables. The model explains about 19.2% of the variations in the dependent variables. The individual percentages correctly classified for the analysis, cross-validation, and holdout samples were 83.1, 82.6, and 82.2%, respectively. The three benchmarks used to judge the goodness of the model (Maximum chance = 83.1, proportional chance = 66.2, and press Q ...

Edhy Sudjarwo, Muharlien Muharlien, Osfar Sjofjan, Danung Nur Adli, Dyah Lestari Yulianti* 

... (GLM) and if there is a significant effect (p < 0.05) continued with Duncan multiple ranged tests. The effect of cage locations was presented significant differences (p < 0.05) on the average daily feed intake (ADFI), egg mass, temperature, NH3 and CO2 concentration. the first cage location (near inlet) in the closed-house system resulted the highest egg mass, the lowest temperature, and the lowest of ammonia and carb...

Xuan Liang, Rongfang Zhang, Yan Xu, Hui Yang, Li Guo, Feiyang Na and Donghai Liu*

...B, showing statistically significant difference (P<0.05); after 2, 4 weeks of treatment, the observation group had higher contents of trace elements Ca and Zn than the control groups A and B, lower TLR2 and TLR4 levels than the control groups A and B, showing statistically significant difference (P<0.05); after 2, 4 weeks of treatment, the observation group had higher ATER, FEER, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ levels, lower FEIR and ...

Nourhan M.M. Hassnin, Ali H.H. Ali and Hosny H. Kesba*

...otstock, 6001 F1 reduced significantly nematode parameters meanwhile BS F1 was insignificant. Levels of ClabZIP59 and ClabZIP52 genes expression were upregulated significantly in nematode infected treatments compared to the check. Root exudates of Aswan F1/6001 F1 (HR) and Aswan F1/BS F1 (MS) cultivars were analyzed by GC/MS/MS and revealed that the most abundant components in the root exu...

Amal G. Abdelrahman1, Nabil A. Yassien1, Hussein M.H. Mohamed1, Khaled S. Tolba2, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem1* 

...l enzyme-treated samples significantly increase protein content and significantly decrease the fat content, pH, and thiobarbituric acid value with a significant improvement in raw and cooked sensory attributes as compared to their counterpart control samples. Such effect was more pronounced in spent hen meat patties treated with a mixture of kiwi (5%) and pineapple (5%).

Keywords |...

Faisal Khurshid1*, Asad Ullah1 and Sana Manan2

...cultural innovations was significantly associated with knowledge of ICTs, (P=0.002), mobile/Applications as the most popular media of agriculture innovations and way of acquiring information (P=0.009), mobile play vital role in the transfer of knowledge of agricultural innovations (P=0.001), information provided through mobile application are accurate about weather updates, market subsidies, fertilizers, etc. (P=0.014), and mobile application/information enabl...

Umar M. Bello1*, Samuel A. Ojo1, Abdurrahman Ghaji1, Ambrose A. Voh (Jr)2, Muazu N. Bappah3, Casmir O. Igbokwe4  

...thermal study, there was significant (P< 0.05) difference in both mean rectal temperature (MRT) and mean vaginal temperature (MVT) values on day of estrus, the same not the case during the three other stages of the oestrous cycle, however, there was no significant (P> 0.05) difference between the mean rectal temperature (MRT) and mean vaginal temperature (MVT). Taken together, these results indicate that vaginal cyto...

Adrial Adrial1*, Rudy Priyanto2, Salundik Salundik2, Ahmad Yani2, Luki Abdullah3 

...he crossbred cows showed significantly higher concentration of Ca, P and Cu in blood serum if compared to Bali cows. However, the blood serum analysis of minerals suggested that there were Ca and Cu deficiency the beef cows raised in peatlands. In general, Ca and Cu deficiency in breeding cows raised in peatlands of Central Kalimatan Province had negative impact on reproductive performances including delayed age at puberty and first calving, delayed postpartu...

Maskur1*, Muhammad Muhsinin1, Sulaiman Ngongu Depamede2 

...size in sheep breeds are significantly impacted by the BMP15 (FecXG) and BMPR-1B (FecB) gene alterations. Based on this knowledge, the study’s objective was to determine the presence of BMP15 and BMPR-1B gene polymorphisms and how they affected the prolific traits of Kacang and Boerka goats. This study indicates that the FecXG and FecB mutations were associated with litter size in Kacang and Boerka goat breeds. The FecXG has two genotypes in both Kacang ...

Manzoor Ali Magsi1*, Naimatullah Laghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, and Habibullah Magsi2

... 31 to 45 cm) and showed significant influence on pH, electrical conductivity of soil (ECe), soil aggregates, organic matter (OM), calcium, magnesium, chloride, carbonate, and bicarbonate. The tillage practices were shallow and deep tillage-assisted with compost, poultry residuals, NPK, and FM (farmyard manure) in the study area for the wheat crop. It was found that the most effective tillage practices were Deep + NPK and Deep + FM in the study area for the cr...

Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil1*, Abdus Subhan3, Ghani Akbar1, Muhammad Asif1, Zafar Islam1, Adnan Shakeel1 and Fawad Anwar2 

...rain weight per ear were significantly changed by the application of different amounts of water (treatment) during the two years of the experiment. Conventional irrigation showed significantly higher values ​​of growth parameters, but was comparable to the irrigation regime applied to 50 and 75% of the field capacity. Similarly, the use of different amounts of water significantly affec...
Huma Abbas1*, Nazir Javed1, Muhammad Kamran2, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Abdul Jabbar1, Akhtar Hameed1, Hira Abbas3, Azhar Iqbal2 and Ehetisham-ul-Haq2
...ages. All the treatments significantly reduced invasion and subsequent development of M. incognita in roots. Different application methods regarding protective and curative were used to test the efficacy of Cartap, Virtako, Cure and Azadirachtin. Results revealed that Protective application of bio and synthetic chemicals was more effective at nematode suppression rather than being curative. Then the impact of bio and synthetic chemicals were tested in combinat...

Mohamed M. Bahr1, Mohamed S. Amer1*, Khaled Abo-EL-Sooud2, Shaimaa M. Kamel3, Marwa A. Fouly4, Ahmed N. Abdallah5, Ashraf A. Shamaa1, Omar S. El-Tookhy1 

...y rapid reepithelization significantly earlier than control groups which were still fluorescein positive. AS-OCT (Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography) showed well-healed epithelium with intact and homogenous stroma on the 5th day in both treated groups, but control groups showed irregular arrangements of epithelial plaques and presented some abnormalities as stromal fibrosis and sub-epithelial cyst formation. Histopathology in both treated groups sho...
Wasim Akram1, Azhar Hussain2*, Sartaj Ali2, Iqbal Hussain3 and Muhammad2
...evealed that there was a significant difference between the species and month to month. B. zonata had a substantially larger population than B. dorsalis. To predict the spatial variability of fruit fly species, geostatistical analytic techniques were used. Using an inverse distance weight with a spherical semivariogram model, the spatial distribution maps were created. Both species had nugget/sill ratios of 0.00, 0.69, 0.61, and 0.73, indicating moderate to st...

Müge Aliye Hekimoglu and Sırma Sönmez

...of 2000 mg/kg of dietary significantly increased weight, length and specific growth rate (P < 0.05). While no change in colour was observed in the control group at the end of the experiment, it was determined that carnitine could have a 27% effect on the colour change of fish in the other groups. Better results were obtained between the L-carnitine groups compared to the control group for in terms of digestive enzymes, while and the difference between the g...

Nam Thanh Nguyen1,2,3, Linh Manh Ha4, Anh Thi Nguyen5, Nam Hoang Chu5, Hau Duc Tran5, Hung Phuc Nguyen5 and Thuy Thi Ta6*

...eason, but this was only significant in females. The higher intra-seasonal variability in the slope values was evaluated, showing females undergoing gonad depletion of the two sexes during their spawning season. The condition factors of both sexes were higher in the wet season when water temperature and food availability are higher. Female fish seemed to be more sensitive to environmental changes. The high value of the condition factors was shown for fish 9.9�...

I Wayan Lanus Sumadiasa*, Enny Yuliani, Lukman Lukman 

... and 57.1 ± 1.6%, significantly higher (P<0.05) than control, TEY with 10% GF and Citrate with 10% egg yolk. The spermatozoa abnormality was 12.9 ± 0.3%, the lowest in extender Citrate with 10% egg yolk and 10% GF on the fourth-day storage. In conclusion, supplementation of GF to extender improves the spermatozoa quality of Brangus bull after sex activity break for a long time. Moreover, the best quality of spermatozoa is found in supplementi...

Salma Bessalah1, Samira Jebahi2, Asim Faraz3*, Amel Raoufi2, Cem Tırınk4, Walid Dridi2, Mahmoud Daouad2, Hassib Keskes5, Touhami Khorchani1, Khaled Farah2, Abdul Waheed3 and Mohamed Hammadi1

... gelatin yield increased significantly (P<0.05) as the extraction temperature and time increased (19.71%) at 70°C for 12 h. EPR spectroscopy demonstrated that 10 kGy of radiation-induced the decomposition of side groups. New peak positions (Paramagnetic centers) were located at around 3800 G. Moreover, an enhancement of EPR peak (3300 and 3400 G) (g-factor = 2.0) was detected. In addition, free radicals trapped in the crystalline regions were moved towa...

Nauman Zaheer Ghumman, Muhammad Ijaz*, Arslan Ahmed, Muhammad Umar Javed, Iqra Muzammil and Ahmed Raza

...k factor analysis showed significant variation among risk factors associated with S. aureus and MRSA-induced mastitis. The phylogenetic analysis of MRSA mecA gene showed a high resemblance of the study isolates with MRSA isolates of the USA, Turkey, India, Africa, and Brazil. This is the first study regarding molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of MRSA isolates from the study area.

...

Hongfeng Guo

...ry tract of SD mice were significantly lower than those in the normal air group (P<0.05); after the premature mice were treated with drugs, the contents of MDA, SOD and PGE in the lower respiratory tract of SD mice were almost normal compared with those in the intermittent hypoxia group. RT-PCR results showed that compared with the blank control group, the expression of VEGF gene in the lower respiratory tract of SD mice increased after intermittent hypoxia...

Mian Shamas Murtaza1,*, Aysha Sameen2, Saima Rafique3, Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Nabeela Gulzar4, Mian Anjum Murtaza5, Umar Farooq1 and Iram Hafiz6

...y. Different levels have significant effect on the physic-chemical (moisture, fat, protein, ash,) characters. Melt-ability and flow-ability showed inverse relationship with levels of inulin. Melt-ability and flow-ability decreased by increasing level and increasing hardness. Yield calculation showed non-significant effect within levels but significant effect as compared with control. The f...

Mustafa Erkan Özgür1*, Selim Erdogan2, Songül Aydemir3 and Hatice Yumusakbas2

...noic (DHA) determined no significant different (p>0.05). Additionally, we found negative correlation between the straight line velocity (VSL) and pentadecanoic acid (r = -0.78, p<0.05), stearic acid (r = -0.76, p<0.05) and nervonic acid (r = -0.89, p<0.01) for rainbow trout, while there was negative correlation (r = -0.96, p<0.05) between angular path velocity (VAP) and EPA for brown trout. Finally, it can be concluded with these results that th...

Atilla Yıldız* and Ayse Kılıç

...ntrations in group T was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of group C. Likewise, mean erythrocyte GSH-Px concentrations raised significantly (P<0.05) in group T after resveratrol therapy compared to pre-therapy ones. In group T, there were significant differences between values before and after application in both, conceiving and non-conceiving cows. Resveratrol therapy improve...

Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi1, Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1*, Entesar H. Taha2, Mona M.S. Zayed3 and Nora R.A. Saleh1

...roups, but there were no significant differences among them.

...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Mariam Temitope Baker2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji2

...ot and soil were reduced significantly at 0.75 and 0.50 mg/ml of FAE in comparison with control. Late flowering was recorded in the untreated control experiment, while plants treated with FAE flowered notably earlier. Application of FAE is recommended for the sustainable management of M. incognita in Jew’s mallow plants.

...

H. M. Hassan† and S. A. Ibrahim

...c nematodes. Magic smart significantly surpassed other insecticides causing the mortality of 11.6 and 13.8 % to the entomopathogenic nematodes S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora, respectively as compared to Coragen that caused slight mortality, 2.5 and 4.4%, respectively and did not differ significantly than the check. Nomolt and Ekio caused 5.4 and 8.8 % mortality of S. carpocapsae as well as 8.8 and 12.0 % to H. bacteriop...

Siti Dharmawati1, Muhammad Halim Natsir2, Hartutik Hartutik2, Danung Nur Adli2, Osfar Sjofjan2*  

...al linear model and if a significant effect was identified, least significant differences (LSD) then applied. The result showed using freshwater snail for fish meal give significant difference (p < 0.05) on the apparent metabolizable energy-n corrected (AMEn) and reduce feed conversion ratio (FCR). It can be concluded using fresh water snail can be used as replacement for fish meal on A...

S. Ahmed†, Q. Liu and H. Jian

...eriments. In green house significant reduction in white
female development was observed for avermectin (84.53%) followed by B. cereus strain B48 (78.10%) as compared
to results of the untreated control treatment (P≤0.05).
...

A. Beyan1, A. Seid†2 and H. Shifa1

...) was found to be highly significant in reducing the tomato growth, biomass and pathogen related parameters compared to the un-inoculated control or single pathogen inoculated treatments. Among the three tomato genotypes evaluated, Assila was found to be moderately resistant as measured by the lower number of root galls and egg-masses per plant compared to the susceptible Marmande genotype. Hence, further study is required to evaluate the performance of Assila...

W. M. El-Nagdi,1†, Z. , E. Ghareeb2 and E. M. Zayed3

...vernorate, Egypt. Highly significant differences among the genotypes were detected for all studied traits except for fresh foliage weight. The relative susceptibility to root-knot nematode parameters (gall index, gall size, gall area and damage index) indicated that two fodder beet genotypes Beta Rozsa and Jamon were considered as the best with high yield and resistant reaction to M. incognita; in contrast Starmon genotype had highly susceptible reaction while...

A.H. Choshali1, S. Rezaee2, S. Jamali3, H. Reza3, Zamanizadeh4 and F. Rejali5

...pre-inoculation caused a significant decrease in RKN pathogenicity factors (number of galls, eggs, egg sacs and J2) in both tolerant and susceptible cultivars. Inoculation of susceptible roots with AMF significantly reduced the nematode pathogenicity factors. Also the results indicated that the activity of both enzymes increased in the plant with AMF compared with the cucumber roots inoculated with M. incognita alone. Cucumb...

L. Yue, S. Ahmed†, Q. Liu and H. Jian

...eriments Fosthiazate had significant increased the root length, shoot length and reduced the number of root-knot nematode galls on tomato roots followed by biocontrol agent S. rubrogriseus and Bacillus sp., as compared to the untreated control treatment after 60 DPI and 90 DPI.

...

Y. Danso†, J. Adomako, K. Osei and B. Abugri

... matter weights were not significantly affected. These maize varieties could be incorporated into well planned crop-land rotational and maize breeding systems to minimize M. incognita populations’ build-up and damage to susceptible crops such as okra which follow maize in a crop rotation system.

...

Hira Anwar1, Muhammad Jabran1,3, Anam Moosa2, Usman Arshad2, Abdul Haseeb1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Burhan4, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed5 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*

...of Enterobacter sp. MN17 significantly enhanced the root length (19.0), root weight (8.7), and shoot dry weight (19.6) as compared to other treatments. However, the combined treatment of Bacillus sp. MN54 + Enterobacter sp. MN17 + B. phytofirmans PsJN has successfully reduced the number of galls (10.5), number of females (23.2), egg masses (19.5), egg mass index (4.1), and galling index (2.1) against the RKNs. Conclusively, the combined application of all the ...

Aqsa Javaid, Masoom Yasinzai* and Khunsa Saeed Kiyani

... enzyme activity was not significantly affected by Cu 2+ and Mn 2+ metal ions while the inhibitory effect of Ca 2+, Co 2+, Zn 2+, Hg2+ and Fe2+ was recorded with 27.12%, 32%, 57.31%, 14.76% and 13.54% residual activity.

...

Cuiping Liu

...e observation group were significantly improved. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after 3 and 6 months of treatment; Compared with the situation before treatment, KDTA scores in the two groups increased after 3 and 6 months of treatment, and the increase in the observation group was higher. The application of compound alpha keto acid tablets combined with hybrid blood purification th...

Shafia Riaz1, Khalid Abbas1*, Tanveer Ahmed1,2*, Huma Naz3, Hina Amjad1 and Shahbaz Ahmad1

...enetic analysis revealed significant differences based on allelic frequencies, heterozygosity, inbreeding and genetic distance among hatchery genotypes. Impact of G×E interaction is illustrated by results where genetically diverse FQB genotype performed maximum under similar cultural environment among all genotypes.

...

A. M. Rahoo1, 2, †, T. Mukhtar3, B. A. Bughio4, S. R. Gowen1 and R. K. Rahoo5

...ia mellonella. There was significantly greater
emergence of IJ of S. affine from the Galleria mellonella using White traps than with modified Baermann extraction
trays. In Baermann extraction trays, the maximum emergence of IJ of S. affine was observed at an inoculation dose
of 400 IJ followed by the dose of 50 IJ. The minimum emergence was found with an inoculation dose of 100 IJ. On

M. S. Bajestani1, K. Dolatabadi2†, E. Mahdikhani-Moghadam1

...root infections rate and significantly effect on root weight (P ≤ 0.05). It was observed that when the
nematode inoculum increased, reproduction factor also increased while extract treatments effect decreased. In
between treatments, rosemary extract has the greatest impact on the reduction of nematode populations @ 40%
concentration as compared to control.
...

A. S. A. Saad1, M. A. Radwan2†, H. A. Mesbah1, H. S. Ibrahim3 and M. S. Khalil3

... nematicides
significantly reduced the population of J2 in the soil ranging from 69.49 to 90.31
...
A.M. El-Baha1, A. A. El-Sherbiny2†, M. Z. M. Salem1, N. Shaarawy3 and N. H. Mohamed3
...ions. All concentrations significantly inhibited egg
hatching (31.24–66.35%) and mortality of second stage juvenile. Inhibition of egg hatching (%) and mortality (%) of
J2 were increased linearly with increasing concentration of EOs. Corymbia citriodora EO was more effective than
E. camaldulensis in inhibiting egg hatchability and suppressing J2 viability. Probit analysis results showed median
inhibitory co...

S. Feroza1, A. G. Arijo1† and I. R. Zahid2

...s of groups B and C were significantly (P>0.05) decreased as compared to the control (group A). However, no significant difference was observed between group B and C. It was concluded that the ethanolic extract of both the papaya and neem was effective in controlling the Ascaridia galli infection in chicken. However, papaya extract was found more effective than neem.
...

M. A. Radwan†, M. M. Abu-Elamayem, S. A. A. Farrag and N. S. Ahmed

...
application methods significantly reduced tomato root galls and 2nd stage juvenile numbers in soil compared with
control. Except DNSA and AA, foliar application of tested organic acids was more effective in reducing nematode
galls than soil drench application. Foliar application of ASA caused superior effect in the reduction of J2 in soil (100
%) followed by AA (89.44 %), OA (88.25 %) and SA (70.69 %). CA (96.52 %) was ...

D. A. Darban†, S. R. Gowen and B. Pembroke

... the soil. A very highly significant difference was observed between the treatments as compared to
control treatments of both crop cycles. The bioassay revealed a significant decrease in the total number of second
stage juveniles from 50 g of the soil samples from second crop than the first crop soil samples. Three weeks duration
allowed more endospores as compared to one week and two week...

Nadia A Eltablawy1, Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed2, Hamed Mohamed Abdel Barry2, Marwa A. Ibrahim3*, Maha Nageib Ahmed Serag ElDein2 

...tions were recorded. DOX significantly increased serum AST, LDH, CK-MB activities, Troponin1, iron accumulation, and oxidative stress as evidenced by the increased MDA, and NO in association with significant reduction of GSH content in cardiac tissue. Furthermore, mRNA expression of iNOS was significantly upregulated and eNOS and Top 2 ß mRNA expression levels were downregulated. The...

D. A. Darban1†, S. R. Gowen1, B. Pembroke1 and F. Hussain2

...he crop cycles decreased significantly (P < 0.05)
more in the ten females treatment as compared with control. A highly significant difference was found in total
number of females per plant where ten Pasteuria penetrans infected females were originally added as compared to
the control treatment. A separate line model was fitted to compare the percentage of infected females by observing

A. M. Rahoo1,2,†, T. Mukhtar3, S. R. Gowen2, B. Pembroke2 and M. A. Rahu4

...st and dry conditions. A significantly high number of infective juveniles of S. feltiae emerged in moist
conditions as compared to dry. A positive correlation was found between the weight of the Galleria
larvae at infection and the numbers of IJ recovered in the moist as compared with dry conditions.
...
M. M. A. Youssef† and W. M. A. El-Nagdi
...bean, root-knot nematode significantly (p≤0.05) reduced on
that cultivar of dry bean as influenced by the tested treatments made to sugar beet i.e. cutting or uprooting (removal)
and time of harvest. In general, the nematode parameters as indicated by the numbers of galls, egg-masses and
hatched juveniles on roots of dry bean and number of juveniles in soil were higher on dry bean plants replacing
cutting suga...

A. M. Rahoo1,*, †, T. Mukhtar2, S. I. Abro3, S. R. Gowen1 and B. A. Bughio4

...e kept at 5oC. Likewise, significantly greater number of infective juveniles emerged in moist
conditions as compared to dry. The relationship between both the temperatures and wet and dry conditions was
highly significant (P<0.001).
...

I. K. A. Ibrahim1, M. A. EL-Saedy2, S. F. A. Awd-Allah3 and Z. A. Handoo4,

...div>
resulted in a significant increase in the number of cysts of H. goldeni as compared to plants inoculated with M.
incognita concurrently or a week beforehand. When H. daverti or H. zeae were inoculated one week after
inoculation with M. incognita on rice cultivars Giza 178 or Sakha 101, respectively, the final population of these
cyst nematodes increased. Treatments with M. incognita alone or one week before inocul...

A. M. Korayem1†, M. M. M. Mohamed1 and S. M. El-Ashry2

...was negative, however no significant
reduction in growth and yield (p= 0.05) was obtained at all nematode root gall indices. Correlation coefficient
between nematode damage and yield was low, 0.38 in case of pod yield and 0.40 in case of dry seeds. In second
season (2015-2016), both pods and dry seeds yield were significantly reduced by 10.6% and 15.2%, respectively at
severe i...

K. Taimoor1† and F. Shahina2

...all tested plants showed significant effect on management parameters
of M. incognita; however, minimum juvenile population were recorded from extracts of Matricaria lesiocarpa
which was 3532.5 at dose 3g/liter. Similarly minimum root-knot index (1.0) was recorded from extracts of fourteen
medicinal and aromatic plants at dose of 3.0g/liter and reproductive factor was also minimum 0.56 at dose of
3.0g/liter from e...

S. Anwar1, K. Wieczorek1 and E. Inselsbacher2

...rmed. The results showed significant increase in arginine, proline and glutamine amounts in syncytia. Ammonium ions were also increased as an important precursor in arginine, proline and glutamine biosynthesis. In addition, branched chain amino acids and amino acids of shikimic acid based pathway were also enriched in syncytia. This study opens a door to understand the remodeling of amino acid metabolism in response to H. schachtii infection in plants.

...

S. Fatemy†1 and H. Ghasemi2

... hatched J2. There was a significant difference in the numbers of J2 that had entered the roots as well as a delay of 1-2 weeks in the rate of development of juveniles in the resistant compared to the susceptible cvs. Overall, 44%, 23%, 10% and 4% of inoculated J2 were found in the roots of susceptible Marfona, and resistant Satina, Agria and Banba cultivars, respectively. The first J3 appeared in roots one week after J2 entered the roots in Marfona and Satina...

S. Ahmed†, Q. Liu and H. Jian

...he isolate XZ33-3 showed significant results against juveniles (J2s) mortality followed by the isolate of XZ 17-1, XZ 24-2-1, MH 58-60-10, MH 58-60-04 and isolate MH 01-04-01, respectively. Among them four Bacillus isolates were identified on molecular basis using 16S rDNA, physiologically and biochemically and grouped as plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). In the green house experiments identified isolates; B.cereus XZ 24-2-1, B. cereus XZ-33-3, B. weihen...

A. S. A. Saad1, M. B. Al-Kadi1, A. A. A. Deeabes2 and A. M. El-Kholy2

...hibited the egg hatching significantly after 2, 5 and 7 days of exposure. Moreover, the juvenile mortality increased with increase in concentration of chemical compounds and the exposure time. In vivo studies data showed that all treatments reduced root galls, egg-masses, number of J2 in soil, total eggs, final population and reproduction rate significantly. Meanwhile, the applied treatments exhibited enhancement in plant gr...

M. Israr†1, F. Shahina1 and M. Habib2

...ts show that there was a significant difference in root-knot development and reproduction in infected and un-infected host plants. Data indicates that highest reproduction rate and root-knot index was observed in vegetable plants infected with root-knot nematodes after three months as compared to un-infected (control). The physiological parameters as well as biochemical contents showed significant difference in different gro...

S. Riffat†, S. Kumar and A. Soomro

...on showed that there was significant suppression of oocytes and testis development in infected individuals.

...

Shaista Naz1*, Muhammad Arif2 and Akhtar Ali3

...head as the negative and significant ones, while livestock rearing experience, extension contact, access to credit, age of the respondent, and farm income were the positive and significant ones. Concluding, the literature shows the considerable evidence of women’s participation in livestock management but the determinants were not fully explored in the developing countries. Moreover, the time allocation studies (quanti...

Farwa Batool1*, Riaz ur Rehman1, Samia Ikram2 and Maham Zahara3

...strate (SGS) is the most significant factor in foliage plant production and low-cost growing substrate is critical factor in nursery business profitability. The soil substrates must be non-toxic, environmental friendly, highly sustainable and good in nutrients capacity for better plant growth and economical plant production. The agriculture waste is a good option for soil substrate source in nursery plants production. The present research is focusing on the ut...

A.S. Ardakani

...l)
and thus, significantly (P  0.05) less gall formation (237 and 361) respectively, as compared to untreated
inoculated control (1368 galls per plant). Also the treatment of H. indica @ 160 J3/g soil alone, reduced the
number of galls (433) significantly in comparison with inoculated control (only M. incognita J2/g soil). All
the treatments resulted in improved plant growth c...
A.A. Tanimola and B. Fawole1
.../div>
was observed significantly when compared with water control. The AE of AKY leaves at 50,000 mg/kg was the
most effective in egg-hatching inhibited (95.4±1.7%), followed by AVR (94 ± 0.8%) and AST (88 ± 1.4%). Water
extracts of leaves of AKY, AVR and AST inhibited egg-hatching by 85.5±1.2%, 77.8 ± 0.7% and 81±1.3%,
respectively. The AE of AKY, AVR, AST and WE of AKY leaves...

A.M. Korayem, M.M.M. Mohamed† and S.M. EL-Ashry1

...nsity and bean yield was significantly negative (r = -0.6). A significant reduction in bean yield (P = 0.05) was
obtained when nematode density was more than 100 J2/200 g soil. While, damage threshold level (DT); nematode
density at which yield begin to decrease; was estimated by 3 J2/200 g soil. For the second season, no significant
relation (P = 0.05) ...

A. Khan†, S.S. Shaukat1, K.A. Khanzada and M.S. Khan2

...s showed that amendments significantly influenced the nematode population
though the nematode populations themselves did not differ significantly. The effectiveness of various amendments
was in the order Carbofuran > Fertinemakil > marigold + Fertinemakil > neem powder + Fertinemakil against
Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus. With respect to Xiphinema americanum, Carbofuran > neem...

R.R. Arain, R.N. Syed, A.Q. Rajput, M.A. Khanzada1, N.A. Rajput and A.M. Lodhi1

.../div>
plant growth significantly. Three different concentrations of neem extract, furadan and Trichoderma harzianum
were evaluated to control the M. incognita. All concentrations proved effective in reducing the disease
development in nematode inoculated tomato plants. However, high dose of furadan became phytotoxic and plant
growth was checked together with a number of galls. While, higher doses of neem extract and T....

S.A. Khan†, M. Abid and F. Hussain1

...ifferent seaweeds showed significant difference. Methanol extract was more effective as compared to water extract.
In conclusion, use of seaweeds is positive sign against harmful microorganisms which are responsible for
considerable losses in agriculture yield.
...

D.A. Darban†, S.R. Gowen, B. Pembroke, F. Hussain1 and R.A. Memon2

...ycles. There were highly significant decreases in the total number of egg-masses per plant between the 3
weeks and other treatments. Infected females (%) over both crop cycles were compared by the estimated coefficients
of the fitted lines and increased significantly with degradation period and significantly higher in the second crop.
The 3 week duration...

H. Ravindra†, M. Sehgal*, A.S. Pawan, B.S. Archana, S.A. Shruti and H.B. Narasimhamurty

... All the treatments were significantly superior over
untreated check. Acasia compost enhanced the growth parameters with drastic reduction in root-knot index.
However, the treatment combinations of acasia compost with different bioagents performed well with highest
growth shoot, root length, root weight, yield and lowest root-knot indices. Among the integrated treatments, P.
lilacinus with acacia compost recorded...

A.W. Amin† and A.W. Mona*

...>6001) and Bh had highly significant less root galling, number of females and egg-masses than non-grafted and
infested one. The reduction in number of galls ranged between Rugby 10G (47%) grafted onto Bh (98.3%) and
Rugby 10G (30.2%) grafted onto Ercola 6001 (84.5%), respectively in two seasons followed by grafted onto Ercola
6001 and marigold and finally Rugby 10G. These results indicated that maximum reduction in number of...

T. Shiferaw†, N. Dechassa* and P.K. Sakhuja*

...v>
except 5 ton/ha significantly reduced eggs per egg-mass, root galling and final population of root-knot nematode
at p < 0.001. Rapeseed cake at 200 kg/ha significantly reduced final population and eggs per egg-mass compared
to control treatment at p < 0.05. Applications of poultry litter at 5 ton/ha to 15 ton/ha in combination with
rapeseed cake at 200 kg/ha remarkably suppr...

O. A. Fabiyi

...oded DNLO/Me2CO caused a significant increase in plant height, number of leaves,
number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant as compared with Carbofuran (p<0.05). In the laboratory,
chromatographic fractions from acetone extract had the highest percentage juvenile mortality. The infrared analysis
of the fractions revealed the presence of anhydride and carbonyl stretching frequencies at 3638, 1702, 1735 and
...

Farhana Binte Zalal, Prodip Kumar Sarkar*, Mahbuba Sultana, M H Kawsar, Swapon Kumar Fouzder 

...ity of 87.9%. We found a significantly low body weight of broody hens after egg incubation. A high percentage of farmers (42%) preferred the spring season compared to the summer and rainy seasons to incubate eggs. For the selection of broody hens, 66.7% of farmers preferred hens aged 1-2 years. We did not find noticeable significant differences in parameters among the three Upazilas. Although egg hatchability by broody hens ...

M.M.A. Youssef and A.M.S. Lashein†

...as compared with control significantly (p≤0.05). GABA achieved at the highest and moderate
concentrations the highest dates yield (%) increases (25.4 and 17.8%) as compared to ASA (16.2% and 12.9%),
respectively. The lowest concentration from each material achieved the lowest result.
...

A.A. Mokbel

...pT isolate resulted in a significant increase of
51.7-77.0% in dry weights of shoot and root systems and number of peanut pods/plant, followed by treatments with
the same concentrations of PpB and PpG isolates, which showed 32.7-48.5% increase. Number of bacterial
nodules/root system was significantly increased with Pp treatments in both seasons. However, numbers of adherent
en...

A.A. Anter, A.W. Amin†, A.H. Ashoub* and A.S. El-Nuby*

...oses wer e
insignificant. On the other hand, plant fitness was slightly impaired with third dose than second one. INA
and SE showed pronounced effect in inhibition nematode population after third dose compared with the rest
chemicals. However, three doses of SE were reduced plant fitness after enhanced by double doses. While,
INA showed phytotoxicity gradually increased by repeating doses. Gathering between the m...

A.W. Amin†, A.A. Anter, A.H. Ashoub* and A.S. El-Nuby*

...rains
showed significant reduction in nematode development and reproduction. The most effective strains were M.
methanica, B. cereus, B. brevis and O. proteus. They were achieving the highest reduction in nematode total
population and fecundity. Plant growth was improved as a result of application of rhizobacteria. Antioxidant
enzymes activity for both peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were elevated in bacteriazi...

W.M.A. El-Nagdi†, M.M.A. Youssef and M.G. Dawood*

...ared to untreated plants significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Lower concentration of the tested materials caused
higher percentages reduction the mentioned nematode criteria. Vice versa, increase in length of shoots, dry and fresh
weights of shoots and roots occurred by higher concentration of each material followed by those occurred by
moderate and lower ones. The percentages of total soluble carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic and c...

O.A. Fabiyi†, G.A. Olatunji* and A.T. Aramide*

...ed orange peel oils were significantly effective at (p ≤ 0.05) than ordinary orange peel oils and
compared with the standard mocap. The decomposed orange peel oil was effective than the fresh peel oil and
showed 51.42% mortality as compared to 39.38% after 24 hrs. Plants received brominated/oxidised oils were taller
with better yields than untreated and nematode infested plots in the field. Th...

Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Khalida Unar2 and Roshan Jamali3

...207.1. Total fruit flies significant values (f = 41.36, p<0.05) with total mean population of fruit flies (15.62±137.4) in different talukas during two seasons of mango. The climatic parameter shows the relationship with occurrence of Bactrocera dorsalis species with mostly positive impact, temperature (r=0.66, r= 0.77 respectively), rainfall (r = -0. 45, r= 0.82 respectively), Humidity (r=- 0.37, r = - 0.024, respectively) and wind velocity (r=-0.62...

Soshe Ahmed1*, Mst. Ishrat Zerin Moni1, Maksuda Begum2, Md. Jafar Eqbal3, Md. Shahidul Islam4, Mst. Samira Tanjim1, Mst. Rokeya Sultana1 

...er deprivation durations significantly affect the production parameters. Feed intake, body weight gain and average daily gain were significantly (p<0.01) lower in the T5 group. Significantly (p<0.01), a poor feed conversion ratio was observed in the T5 group. The lowest (91.66%) survivability (p<0.01) was found in the T5 group compared to other groups. There was a

Jax Vincent Gamulo, Maye Pearl Bolina, Jessica Serena Brion, Via Crishiela Nicole Dela Rosa, Roxanne Francesca Maglaya, Carl Lexter Tan, Aimee Caye Chang* 

... available drugs posed a significant difference (P < 0.05), while ten (10) among the plant species differed in fasciolocidal activity (P < 0.05). Albendazole (62.5%) was the most used reference drug, along with Piperazine Citrate, and Triclabendazole, wherein ANOVA showed no significant difference in mortality time among them (P > 0.05). Notably, plant parts and extraction techniques used affected the resulting fasc...

Yuejing Yang1,2, Mengbin Xiang1,2, Zhengshi Zhang3, Minrui Zhou1, Bingjie Hu1, Tingsen Jing1, Zhe Li1, Fenglin Liu1, Hui Luo1, Qinglu Li1* and Hua Ye1*

...ed that ug25066-1502 had significantly associated with total length and body weight; and ug22539-1605 and total length, body length, body height, and body weight were significantly associated. In conclusion, ug25066-1502 and ug22539-1605 were significantly associated with the growth traits, which could be used as important candidate molecular markers for selective breeding of S. prenanti.&...

Lulu Ding, Ke Wang, Ruxue Huang, Wenjing Yu, Bingzhao Yan, Mengli Jiang and Jicang Wang*

...ocrit(HCT) of serum were significantly reduced after Cd exposure for 4 weeks. Cd increased the expression of GSH and MDA and decreased the activities of CAT and T-SOD. Furthermore, in the Cd-treated rats, the glomerulus contracted, the renal tubular structure was damaged, the epithelial cells were disordered and degenerated, and a large area of lesions occurred. However, treatment with Nar slowed down the occurrence of oxidative stress induced by Cd. Therefore...

Muhammad Iqbal Anjum*, Shahbaz Javaid, Agha Waqar Yunus, Faisal Ashfaq and Javed Iqbal

...TMR with 25% MC attained significantly higher weight gain (830 g/d, P<0.05), followed by the calves fed TMR with 35% MC (760 g/d) whereas, those fed TMR with 35% MS got lowest weight gain (687 g/d). Similarly, better feed conversion ratio (6.63) was observed in calves fed 25% MC based TMR while poor (7.90) FCR was observed in TMR with 35% WS. Intake of calves for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (AD...

Mengxue Sun1, Yanjiao Li1,2, Zhen Gao1, Qinghua Qiu1,2*, Xianghui Zhao1,2, Lanjiao Xu1,2, Huan Liang1,2, Ke Pan, Mingren Qu and Kehui Ouyang1,2*

...ith 40 mM niacin with no significant effect on the cell viability. Under pH 5.2 or 5.0, pre-treatment with niacin reduced the cell viability compared with the control group (P < 0.01). 2) Concurrent treatment protection of niacin: under all pH value, all concurrent treatment with niacin reduced the cell viability compared with the control group (P < 0.01). 3) Post-treatment protection of niacin: under pH 5.8 or 5.5, post-treatment with 20 or 40 mM niacin...
Ghulam Jelani1, Qudratullah Kalwar1*, Asmatullah Kaka2, Abdullah Channo2, Ayyaz Ahmed1, Majid Hussain Soomro1, Hidayatullah Soomro1, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1 and Yar Muhammad Jalbani1
...>In recent decades, many significant improvements have taken place accompanying different assisted reproductive biotechnologies like estrous synchronization, artificial insemination, superovulation, cloning, embryo recovery and its transfer, in vitro fertilization, cryopreservation and transgenesis. Among these technologies, embryo transfer has achieved a great importance having produced numerous offspring from a genetically superior female. After the first su...

Rukhsana Anwar1*, Ammara Abd-Us-Sattar1, Afifa Noor2, Kanwal Ashiq1,3 and Shah Jahan4 

... C. oppositifolia showed significant interaction with drugs. This can modulate drug-metabolizing enzyme activity and reduce oxidative stress.

...

Yanjie Liu

...he basic state, and have significant and independent effects on the activities of WBC and NK cells, which can be used as for monitoring of effective immune indicators.

...

Kalsoom1, Nasir Shah2, Muhammad Ibrahim3*, Tahira Bibi1, Kazim Ali4 and Zahir Shah2

...ving gene AtNHX1, showed significantly more resistance than wild variety.

...

Hina Safdar1,2*, Nazir Javed2, Sajid Aleem Khan2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3, Arif Mehmood3 and Muhammad Arshad4

...S. litura and were found significantly effective against all larval instars. Maximum average mortality (52.80%) was observed in Xenorhabdus spp. derived metabolites against 2nd instar larvae as compared to Photorhabdus spp. In both bioassays, mortality was increased along with the exposure time and reached 100% in all S. litura larval instars at fourth day post-treatment. Findings of this in-vitro study demonstrate that EPNs and their symbiotic bacterial isola...

Ahmad Abrar Khan1*, Ghulam Qadar1, Asif Ali Abro2 and Muhammad Awais3

...fruit fly were found non-significant while cutworm, whitefly and leaf miner have significant negative effects on per acre yield of tomato. Inappropriate and cultural practices, high dependency on agrovet dealers and fellow farmers were the key factors of yield losses. It is recommended to spray on the proper time along with follow-ups and physical control techniques. Selection of right time, control methods, appropriate inse...

Ayesha Bakhtiar1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Abdul Rauf Bhatti3*, Shabir Ahmad2, Naqash Khalid2, Javed Iqbal5, Azra Nadeem4 and Waqas Ahmad1

...mean titers, there was a significant difference (p 0.05) between the groups. On days 7, 14, 21, and 35 of the experiment, data on other performance indicators, including as feed intake, water intake, total body weight, and feed conversion ratio (FCR), were gathered. Throughout the course of the trial, there were significant differences in these performance metrics (p 0.05). There was no discernible difference in the producti...

Saima Mumtaz1,3*, M. Imran Kasana1, Riaz Alam1, Noorullah Khan1, Muhammad Noman1, Sanjeela Sabahat1 and Hussain Shah2

...l of rooted cuttings was significantly influenced by IBA concentrations, litchi cultivars and their interaction at p<0.01. The interaction of 5000ppm IBA with “Gola” was found appropriate for development of heavier (10.2±0.57gm), longer (27cm) and more number of roots (6.4±0.81) compared to all other cultivars. Moreover, considerable difference was observed for root ability among all litchi cultivars tested as “Gola” pr...

Sri Setyaningrum*, Dini Julia Sari Siregar, Tengku Gilang Pradana  

...he treatment of CGLp was significantly increased (p <0.05) of body weight gain, live body weight, carcass percentage, meat protein content and lactic acid bacteria. The treatment decreased (p<0.05) of feed conversion ratio (FCR), meat fat content, meat cholesterol and total coliform in the ileum and caecum. The treatments of CGLp were not affected (p> 0.05) of feed intake, immune organs, hematological and pH in the ileum and caecum. In conclusion, the...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Wali Muhammad1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahamad1, Annum Sattar2, Hera Gull3, Sonia Sumreen4, Malik Waqar Yousaf5, Nazakat Nawaz6 and Nazim Hussain7

...per plant also reflected significant results among the fifty-eight genotypes. In all trails genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV) was found lesser then phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV). Principal component analysis showed that first three PCs reflected eigen values more than one where cumulative value was 61.78% of the total variability. The first one accounted as highest proportional value of total variability in all PCs and in remaining PCs l...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Wali Muhammad1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahamad1, Annum Sattar2, Hera Gull3, Sonia Sumreen4, Malik Waqar Yousaf5, Nazakat Nawaz6 and Nazim Hussain7

...per plant also reflected significant results among the fifty-eight genotypes. In all trails genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV) was found lesser then phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV). Principal component analysis showed that first three PCs reflected eigen values more than one where cumulative value was 61.78% of the total variability. The first one accounted as highest proportional value of total variability in all PCs and in remaining PCs l...

Hendro Prasetyo1*, Diah Karmiyati2, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Ahmad Fauzi2, Trias Agung Pakarti1,3, Mardiana Sri Susanti4, Waris Ali Khan5, Leila Neimane6,7 and Maizirwan Mel8,9

...s. Social stratification significantly affected the farmers’ response on the programs. The farmers’ cognitive, affective, and educational aspects are also significantly influential in their response. Further motives are of internal factors (social) and external ones (official, organizational, private, cultural, and natural).

...

Asmatullah Kaka1*, Wahid Haron2, Nurhusien Yimer3, Abdullah Channo1, Ali Raza Jahejo2, Mahdi Ebrahimi3, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro4 

...en-thawed results showed significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in all sperm parameters with 10 ng/ml of DHA supplementation. DHA improved (p < 0.05) SOD levels in all supplemented groups compared with the control group. Level of TBARS was higher (p < 0.05) at 15 ng/ml as compared to other DHA supplemented and control groups. A dose-dependent increase (P<0.05) was found in C22:6n-3, DHA and n-3PUFA as compared to control group. In conclusion, supplemen...

Zubair Aslam1, Ali Ahmad1*, Korkmaz Bellitürk2, Hira Kanwal1, Muhammad Asif1 and Ehsan Ullah1

...ed that treatment T5 had significantly (p<0.05) higher fruit yield (1.50 kg/plant, 15.5 kg/plot and 13657 kg/ha) while treatment T0 had significantly lower fruit yield (0.87 kg/plant, 8.33 kg/plot, and 7900 kg/ha) as compared to all other treatments.

...
Ulvi Fitri Handayani1, Wizna2, Irfan Suliansyah3, Yose Rizal2, Maria Endo Mahata2*
..., and triglycerides very significant (P <0.01).   The highest cholesterol is in administration 0% PTW (119.20 Mg/dL), and the lowest is in administration 0.03% Simvastatin (101,55 Mg/dL). The triglyceride content of 0% PTW (693.08 Mg/dL) and 6% PTW (691.08 Mg/dL) was higher (P<0.05) than administration 12 PTW (615.98 Mg/dL) and 18% PTW (597.95 Mg/dL), and 0.03% simvastatin supplementation (595.85 Mg/dL). The lowest LDL is in the administration ...
Makruf Arif1*, Claude Mona Airin1, Dwi Sunu Datrianto2, Dinda Anggun Roro Sejati3
...brane integrity were not significantly different. However, at the 24th and 48th-hour results revealed significant differences by adding honey (P < 0,05). The 0.4% honey supplementation was the best to maintain KUB rooster quality until the 48th hour with motility of up to 41.50±1.19%, the viability of up to 59.75±0.63%, and membrane integrity of up to 66.50±1.32%. It can be concluded from the current ...

Eman S Ramadan, Mohamed E Ali, Mohamed A Elkhiat 

...chemical analysis showed significant elevation in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and Globulin with significant reduction in albumin and A/G ratio. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed anechoic ascetic fluid in between internal organs, abdominal lymphadenopathy, and peritoneal adhesion. Serum microRNA-122 analysis showed significant elevation by 11.31 fold c...

Owolabi Olutunmise Victoria1*, Saka Olusola Stephen2, Olashinde Oluwaseun Ruth1, Alli Smith Yemisi Rufina3

...lamide. Results showed a significant reduction of blood glucose level in the extract-treated rats (p <0.5) especially at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight. Samples were obtained for some biochemical (parameters) related to oxidant and antioxidants such as antioxidant enzymes, Reduced glutathione (GSH) activity, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and Malondialdehyde (MDA) activity. When compared control and glibenclamide-treated rats, the antioxidant acti...

Tariq Mahmood1*, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Sami Ullah1, Bilal Ahmad3, Zarmina Aslam4, Naveed Ahmad Khan5, Muhammad Shahzaib Tariq6, Muhammad Ali Raza6, Rana Usama Iqbal7 and Samia Zain8

...crease, there has been a significant loss of ecological activities, negatively influencing the global economy. This work covers the management of foraging activities, factors influencing this behavior, foraging preference, subspecies variations, monitoring approaches, and the need of preservation and conservation of these essential pollinators. To determine honey bee ecotypes and local species that are more resistant to pests, diseases, and pesticides, as well...

Bashir Ahmad1*, Ali Muhammad Yousafzai2, Waqar Ali1, Ikram Ilahi1, Farman Ullah3, Saeed Ahmad1, Ayaz Ali Khan1, Umair Ahmad2 and Hafsa Maria2

..., and HCT levels did not significantly alter after treatment with garlic aqueous extract and silymarine. However, a substantial (P 0.05) rise in the overall WBC count was seen. The current research findings revealed that silymarine, a common drug for hepatoprotection, might be replaced by garlic aqueous extract as a herbal remedy. However, more research is needed to identify the bioactive ingredient and determine the effectiveness of this herbal substitute.

Shakeel Ahmed Tunio1, Muhammad Naeem1*, Atique Ahmed Behan1, Asmatullah Kaka2 

..., the higher (P<0.05) significant difference was also observed in body conformation with regards to body girth, length, and height of lambs in group B as compared to lambs of group A. The carcass weight and weights of neck, shoulder, thorax, loin and flank, legs, kidneys, and weight of liver of lambs in group B was recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher than the lambs of group A managed under intensive and semi-intensi...

Nurul Isnaini*, Karl Wenas, Muhammad Firdaus Solihin, Hanief Eko Sulistyo, Dedes Amertaningtyas, Faizal Andri 

... hatching yield were not significantly differed across three egg weight groups (p > 0.05). The egg shape index had a significant effect on the hatchability of white-nest swiftlets (p < 0.05). Group ESI3 had a higher hatchability as compared to ESI1 (p < 0.05), while ESI2 did not differ with ESI1 and ESI3 (p > 0.05). The egg shape index did not significantly affect egg weight, h...
Farid S. Nassar1,2, Abdulaziz M. Alsahlawi3, Mohammad A. Al-Mahaish4, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2*, Abdulaziz A. Alaqil1, Nancy N. Kamel5
...ations in the serum were significantly (p < 0.05) improved by increasing the level of MWM into broiler diets up to 6%. In contrast, some traits of carcass composition and meat quality as well as physiological parameters deteriorated when adding higher levels of the MWM (8-10%) to the diets, compared to the control. Economically, there was a linear and quadratic (p < 0.05) decrease in the protein cost of the diet and a linear increase in birds’ tota...
Magda A. Eldomiaty1,2, Manal E. Elsawaf2, Soad S. Ali3, Heba El-Sayed Mostafa4,5*
...tive cells was seen with significantly higher mean number of the proliferative cells. By EM, the nuclei were shrunken, secretory vesicles were depleted, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum showed massive dilatation. These findings were partially restored in rats of group IV. This study concluded that voluntary exercise enhanced recovery from the injurious effect of depression on adrenal cortical cells that partially showed regain of their normal structure and...
Shaker Al-Suwaiegh
...0% Azolla pinnata caused significant increase in feed efficiency and body weight gain. In addition, the plasma metabolites (total protein, globulin, and urea) and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium) were improved due to 20.0% Azolla pinnata feeding. In conclusion, Azolla pinnata contain high protein compounds and other components might be helpful in modulating body weight gain and plasma metabolites if fed to growing goats in subtropics.
Chalothon Amporn1, Somchit Guntaprom1*, Sarawut Duongmawong1, Wilasinee Srisanyong1, Sirikanda Thanasuwan1, Phalita Koonnadilokpot1, Dechawut Bunyaluk2, Juggrid Jugsumrit3, Jakrit Yaeram4, Chompunut Lumsangkul5
... and the control was not significant (p>0.05). The findings confirm that adding 100 µM cysteine to IVM media significantly increased the percentage of matured oocytes, fertilized oocytes, 8-16 cells developments and blastocyst stage.
 
Keywords | Bovine, Embryo, Cysteine, In vitro maturation, In vitro production
...

Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1, Muhammad Afzal1, Liu Yu Feng2, Muhammad Shahroaz Khan1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*

...idal treatments affected significantly the mean mortality or reduction of S. litura larvae recorded both at two and five days post-treatment. In laboratory bioassay, combinations of flubendiamide and A. indica, flubendiamide and N. tabacum and of spinetoram and A. indica formulations caused significantly high mortality (100%), followed by B. thuringensis and S. litura-NPV (94.92%) and A. indica and B. thuringensis (93.22%) a...

Aiman Amur*, Nasreen Memon, Reshma Sahito and Seema Memon

...ango the infestation was significantly different (F 54.05, df 52, p<0.5). The highest number of flies emergence were found from Beganpali (60.9%) followed by Sindhri variety (43.2%), while least No.of emergence found 6% from Sindhri variety (6%) during September. Ratio of fruit flies like B. dorsalis 54.7%, from Beganpali, followed by Sindhri variety 41.6% (F 53.24; dF 51, 108; p=0.29) during mean functional time of season. While less no. of B. dorsalis wer...

Aamir Mushtaq1*, Fatima Habib2, Umar Farooq Gohar3, Abdul Malik4 and Mobasher Ahmad2

...TB) in mice. However, it significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the level of ALP in mice but on the other hand it lowered the blood glucose and cholesterol levels significantly along with increase in body weight of mice. It is concluded that P. anisum methanolic extract has a broad therapeutic index and does not produce considerable liver, kidney and blood toxicity. So, its use in therapeutic doses is considered safe for the ...

Tilahun Bekele* and Abebaw H. Georgis

...under consideration were significantly (P<0.01) influenced by seed rate, variety, and interaction of both factors except for days to maturity, plant height, and thousand seed weight. Based on the over-year combined analysis, the highest capsule number per plant (10.4), yield per plant (2.46), and total yield (703.9kg/ha) were noticed for the Darbera variety treated with a 15 kg/ha seed rate. The highest seed number per capsule (87.2) was also recorded for t...

Nachaat Sakr

...d pathogen strains. Most significantly, stability of cultivars for head blight resistance was fulfilled during seasons as well as under several experimental conditions, suggesting that cultivars with stable and high disease resistance could be incorporated to crossbreeding programs to reinforce host resistance to fungal infection. This primarily study has recognized some favorable barley and wheat cultivars for selected breeding and commercialization aims in t...

S.H.M. Faruk Siddiki1*, Md. Golam Morshed2, Md Robiul Karim1, Lutfun Naher1, Md. Sodrul Islam3

...: justify;">Cattle are a significant component of livestock that provides food, draft power, transportation, hides, bones, and biogas. However, they are affected by various diseases that can lead to economic losses for the farmers. This study was conducted to determine the clinical prevalence of diseases in cattle attended at the Upazilla (sub-district) Veterinary Hospital, Mirzapur, in the Tangail district during the period between January 2017 and December 2...
Lovita Adriani1*, Chitra Kumalasari1, Endang Sujana2, Ronny Lesmana3
...tistically, there was no significant differences (P>0.05) in hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, leukocyte, cholesterol, and triglyceride blood levels. Meanwhile, our data showed statistically significant difference in glucose blood levels. However, the administration of powder probiotics of 3% and 4 % has improved the hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, and leukocyte levels, and decreased cholesterol, and triglyceride ...
Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti1, Sri Rahayu3, Gatot Ciptadi2, Trinil Susilawati2*
...Academics, and the least significant differences were applied if there is significance. The result showed that semen quality, including individual motility, viability, abnormality, concentration, and total motile spermatozoa in sexed semen, is lower than in unsexed semen. In addition, the sexed semen had a lower percentage of intact acrosome hood and higher chromatin damage, acrosome reactions, and sperm capacitation than unsexed semen. In conclusion, the qual...
Hendrikus Fatem1,3, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Herry Sonjaya2
...under palm oil field had significantly (p<0.01) lower than services per conception at second pregnancy (1.5±0.6 vs. 1.9±0.9) at the average of 1.45±0.58. After the first pregnancy, the average interval from calving to first AI, the interval from calving to conception, and the calving interval were 68.6±39.9 days, 90.6±37.9 days, and 363.8±38.7 days, respectively. The length of pregnancy at first and second calving w...

Aiman Al-Mufarji, Shaker Al-Suwaiegh, Abd El-Nasser Mohammed*

...plementation resulted in significant improvement in hematological (RBCs, Hb, Ht, WBCs, neutrophils, and lymphocytes) and plasma parameters (total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, urea, and minerals) of ewes and lambs. It could be concluded that M. oleifera leaves supplementation to pregnant ewes from eight weeks prepartum to eight weeks postpartum might be ameliorative for both productive and reproductive performances of ewes through modulating thermo-tole...

Roni Pazla1, Novirman Jamarun1*, Elihasridas1, Arief1, Gusri Yanti2, Zaitul Ikhlas2

...ration composition had a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, and production performance. This study concluded that the combination of 35% fermented sugarcane shoots +14% fermented tithonia + 1% avocado waste (AW) +50% concentrate resulted in the best feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, and production performance of Kacang goat.
 
Keywords | Avocado waste, Daily gain, Kacang goat, Sugarc...
Seyedmohammad Karimi1, Mohammad Darvishi2*, Mohammad Barati3, Ramin Hamidi Frahani4, Mohammad Hassan Kazemi5
...considered statistically significant. No significant difference was seen between case and control groups regarding age, gender, BMI and severity of the disease at the time of hospital admission (P > 0.05), which shows a random classification of two groups. The mean AST, ALT, ALP and CBC of patients in case group decreased compared to the control group but the difference was not statistically signi...
Fatma Salih Mohammed1*, Nasser Khedr1, Tahia Ahmed1, Liza S. Mohammed2
... to broiler diets had no significant effect on carcass traits, but pancreas weight (%) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in D3 and D1. Moreover, the jejunum diameter increased significantly (P < 0.05) in D1. The intestinal morphological examination revealed that EE-SBM had a beneficial effect, significantly increasing villi length, width, crypt de...

Muhammad Humayun Kabir* and Md. Saiful Islam

...sample t-test explored a significant difference between public and private extension services regarding farm and home visits, demonstration, and training programs. These services of public extension organizations were more effective than the private sector. The public extension organizations should strengthen their services that were not more effective than the private sectors and the private extension providers should rethink how they can increase the effecti...

Tariq H.Y. Al-Maliky*, Mahmood S. Hashim and Amal S. Al-Sheraa

...is (A) in salinity 3 was significant (P>0.05) between the average weights of all the average weights during all periods, while there were no significant differences (P<0.05) between the average weights of the 15 and 30-day periods. In treatment (B) 15, significant differences (P>0.05) were found between all periods of the experiment. Shrimp M. nipponense in salinity 3 (C) treatmen...

Ahmad-ur-Rahman Saljoqi, Sadar Iqbal and Imtiaz Khan*

...e yield data showed that significantly maximum yield was recorded in Voliam flexi and Neem oil treated plots. It was concluded from the experiment that Voliam flexi is the best control measure against brinjal fruit and shoot borer, L. orbonalis. The effective treatment which resulted high marketable yield after synthetic insecticide was Neem Oil. Herefore, by sacrificing some yield of brinjal the Neem oil is recommended as an environment friendly management te...

Mishal Bano1, Amir Shakeel1, Waqar-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Nouman Khalid1*, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Muhammad Sajid Sharif3, Sadia Kanwal2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Amna Bibi2 and Ifrah Amjad1

...he genotypes were highly significant for most of the plant height, sympodial branches/plant, monopodial branches/plant, first fruiting nodes, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, number of seeds per boll, seed cotton yield/plant, lint index, lint percentage, seed index, seed density, seed volume, fiber fineness, fiber strength, and fiber length. For plant height, fibre strength, and seed density, Tarzon-05 stood out among the lines as a very effective gener...

Ghulam Sarwar Shah1,2, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani1, Rab Dino Khuhro1, Rehana Naz Syed1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1

...squo;s effect are highly significant. Generally, based on their effectiveness, all tested fungicides were divided into three groups i.e., highly effective, moderately effective, and completely ineffective. All isolates of P. aphanidermatum were grown at par with the control when exposed to different concentrations of mandipropamid and fluoxastrobin. Both fungicides completely failed to cause any negative effects on in vitro growth of all isolates. On the other...

Yuli Retnani1*, Heri Ahmad Sukria1, Indah Wijayanti1, Didid Diapari1, Muhammad Dimas Erlangga1, M Fatahillah Ibsyah1, Taryati1, Nisa Nurmilati Barkah1,3, Novia Qomariyah2,3

... silage and wafers had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the dry matter, crude protein, and crude fat intake and was able to increase final body weights and feed efficiency compared to sheep fed with conventional feed. Processing of agricultural waste into silage and wafers can improve the performance of local sheep so that agricultural waste has great potential to be used as animal feed. 

...

Faustin Dokui1*, Frédéric M. Houndonougbo1, Service G. Djidda1, Venant P. Houndonougbo1, Edith Gangbedji1, Gwladys Menon Agbo2, Sedjro Ludolphe Dedome2, Séverin Babatoundé1, Soumanou Seibou Toleba1, Christophe A.A.M. Chrysostome1 

...n the control group lost significant body weight. Thus, supplementation of lick stones based on local feedstuffs improved milk production, prevented body weight loss, and improved the economic return of Borgou cows in the dry season. 

...

Mutia Rizkia Shaffira, Nurhayati, Dwi Desmiyeni Putri* 

...al fat, and cooking loss significantly (p<0.05). Administration of a combination of red ginger and brotowali extract in drinking water resulted in the best body weight gain (1100.28 g/head), Feed conversion ratio (1.37), carcass percentage (83.58%), abdominal fat percentage (0.56%) and cooking loss (8.56%). 

...

Hussein Jabar Jasim1*, Amer Murhum Al-Amery2

...lts showed statistically significant increases in the serum total bilirubin, creatinine, and active serum enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT. In contrast, the serum total albumin showed a significant decrease in infected buffaloes. Moreover, the results of the gross pathological examination revealed that cirrhosis and paleness of the liver with multiple abscesses appearing as pale necrotic areas, as well as thickness and calcifi...

Sepri Reski*, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli, Montesqrit, Maria Endo Mahata

...ent levels showed a very significant effect (P≤ 0.01) on the cholesterol content of egg yolks. However, no significant effect (P≥0.05) on egg weight, shell thickness, shell percentage, yolk percentage, white percentage and egg fat content. This study concludes that Turbinaria murayana seaweed fermentation products can be used in laying quail rations up to 20% by producing low-cholesterol eggs.
 
...

A. N. Mahar, N. D. Jan†, A. Q. Mahar and S. R. Gowen

...the experiments showed a significant difference in mortality percentage among all isolates. All the nematodes were found more effective when exposure time increased up to 8 days. S. carpocapsae

M. A. Radwan†, S. A. A. Farrag, M. M. Abu-Elamayem and N. S. Ahmed

...f the nematicides tested significantly affected shoot length, fresh shoot weight and root length compared to the untreated inoculated control. Except oxamyl, all of these nematicides significantly decreased root fresh weight.

...

B. K. Goswami, C. Bhattacharya, R. Paul and T. A. Khan

...treated plants exhibited significantly outstanding performance on growth and reduced disease incidence as compared to the ones treated with chemical pesticides and other treatments including control. Forskohlii content of biopesticides, T. viride

A.E. Ismail and M. M. Mohamed

...reatments at their rates significantly (p≤ 0.05 and / or 0.01) reduced females, galls and egg-mass numbers as compared to un-amended plants. All rates of Ch M treatment gave best results in protecting sugar beet plants and diminishing the nematode population densities in various stages. But, SM treatment with their rates ranked statistically in the second category. However, the three levels of CM treatment achieved the third category in managing the nematod...

A. Khan, B. Nawab, S. S. Shaukat, M. A. Samad and J. K. Tareen

..., 255, 255);"> were significantly reduced by both the nematicides.

...

O. A. Fabiyi, G. A. Olatunji and O. Atolani

...eggs. The fractions were significantly effective in causing juvenile mortality. 75% concentrations of fraction being more active and showed significant differences from other concentrations. Fractions from A. boonei

Saima Akter1, Md. Rasel Prank1, Shariful Islam1, Sharmin Akter1, Injamamul Hasnine1, Murshed Uddin Ahmed2, Md. Shohel Al Faruk3* 

... livestock industry is a significant economic factor. Parasitic infestations create a risk that impairs the livestock industry. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors of parasitic infestation of cattle in the Livestock Office and Veterinary Hospital, Ullapara, Sirajganj, Bangladesh. A total of 121 fecal samples were collected and examined through a direct smear to detect the presence of the egg and oocyst of parasites. The over...

Tae-Kyung Eom1, Jae-Kang Lee1, Dong-Ho Lee1, Ho-Kyoung Bae1, Hyeongyu Ko1, Kyu-Jung Kim1, Sung-Cheol Jung2, Jong-Hwan Lim2 and Shin-Jae Rhim1*

...ished that there were no significant differences in the distribution of activity patterns in the two areas. However, we detected differences between the Seoraksan and Jirisan sites with respect to the activity patterns of water deer particularly their patterns of nocturnal activity, which could be attributable to differences in community inter-specific interactions and food resources for water deer inhabiting the Seoraksan and Jirisan National Parks.

...

Salahud Din

...icates, no statistically significant (p>0.05) differences between the lateral and medial phalanges of all measured parameters. All the measured parameters for the digits of the forelimb were statistically significantly different (p>0.05) between male and female adult Chinkara except greatest Length (Lg) of the phalanx media of the forelimb. Similarly, significant differences (p>0....

Shah Murad Khan1, Hamayun Khan1, Younas Muhammad1, Haq Aman Ullah1*, Muhammad Tariq Tunio2, Ali Gohar2 and Fazli Rabbani

...n cows receiving TAI was significantly higher in MSS than POP group (66.66% vs 33.33%;). Efficiency of MSS protocol was virtually double than POP for estrus synchronization and conception in Achai cattle.

...

Rehman Shabbir1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Noor us-Sabah1, Mukkaram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Luqman*2, Muhammad Fahad Ullah3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Imran Shahzad1

...rigation with wastewater significantly improved the growth and nutrient acquisition of tomato plants. Highest values for N (5.8%), P (0.88%) and K (2.4%) content of tomatoes were recorded when 100% wastewater was applied as a source of irrigation. However, it is the cyclic use of wastewater with canal water that can safely be used for getting good quality tomatoes and to mitigate hazardous impact of heavy metals contained in wastewater. 

...

Esam A Razin1, Hassan Sobhy2, Tarek R. AboElnaga1, Asmaa A. Darwish1*, Rasha S. Mohammed1

...h treatments presented a significant improvement (P<0.05) in their parasitological and clinicopathological results, DAG suffered from lower levels of GR than BG, and its organs microscopical examination clarified severe lesions similar to TG. While, BG clinicopathological parameters and histopathological results were so close to CG. CK, CK-MB, LDH, and GR had high sensitivity and NPV values and moderated specificity, PPV, LR, and accuracy rate values. Concl...

Ghada A. Ibrahim1*, Mohamed Sayed Helal1, Nahed Abd Elhafeeze Kamoura2, Mohamed Samir3,4, Amira Mohamed Mazid5, Mohamed F.M. Farag6

...solates, respectively. A significant positive correlation (R = 0.7) was reported between aerobactine and magA virulence genes and blaTEM and blaSHV ESBL resistant genes, respectively. In addition, the hemato-biochemical analysis of 100 blood samples (50 from naturally infected and 50 from apparently healthy cattle) revealed significant decreases in the haemobiogram parameters levels meanwhile, leucogram picture total protein...

Asmaa A. Darwish*, Mona A. Mahmoud, Adel M. El-Kattan 

...nfected species showed a significant (P<0.05) macrocytic hypochromic anemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, decreased A/G ratio, increased hepatic function tests, hypertriglyceridemia, increased matrix metalloproteinases activity, T/HDL/LDL-hypocholesterolemia, and decreased minerals, electrolytes, and trace elements concentrations and these changes were more prominent in goat than in sheep. While, the diseased ewes suffered from higher degrees of leuk...

Abdul Azis*, Afriani Afriani

...ed time restriction were significantly lower than broilers fed ad libitum at the end of the feed restriction. The empty of crop and gizzard weight were significantly higher than the broilers fed ad libitum at age 14 and 21 days. The weight of bursa Fabricious increased (P<0.05) with the feeding time restriction at age 14 days. However, there were not significant different in all of para...

Sadaf Aman1, Fouzia Tabssum2, Ali Hussain3, Shamsa Jabeen1 and Javed Iqbal Qazi1*

...ty parameters differed insignificantly for different treatment groups and remained in favorable range throughout the study period. All the treatments showed lower values of fat contents and higher values of crude protein. No negative change was observed in the histological parameters of the liver and intestinal tissues for the fishes fed with plant based feeds added with probiotics. Conclusively, fish production can be enhanced with the addition of probiotics ...

Muhammad Shahid1*, Muhammad Idrees1, Afza Rasul2, Iram Amin1 and Samia Afzal1

...HDL, LDL, VLDL, TC) were significant predictive factors in HCV infection. Similarly, ROC analysis suggested that ALT, AST, ALP, MCHC, TC, and VLDL variables have the potential to discriminate HCV infection from healthy individuals. Biochemical markers like liver enzymes, blood cell count, lipid profile are the main predictive factors of Chronic Hepatitis C patients as compare to the healthy group.

...
Ferzana Bhatti1, Fiaz Hussain2, Zain ul Abdin1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Saqi Kosar Abbas2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Shabbir3
...retion did not cause any significant mortality. The secretions injected by an ovipositing female not only contributed to a reduction in egg mortality but also positively affected survival and development of immature insect parasitoids. These will be helpful to explore novel bioactive molecules useful for sustainable insect biological control programes, especially from the insect parasitoids of Pyralidae (Lepidoptera).

...

Zongliang Li1, Rongxin Ma2,*, Yan Wei1 and Jianghua Zuo3

... group 32 (80.00%) had a significantly reduced tumor depth compared with the conventional treatment group 21 (52.50%). There was no difference in the rate of bronchospasm between the conventional treatment group and the combination treatment group (P>0.05). 32P application combined with timolol maleate has a good therapeutic effect on hemangiomas, which can reduce the expression of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth f...

Rana Aamir Shehzad1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Sabir Hussain Shah2, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Imran Shehzad1 and Usman Saleem4

... growth and yield traits significantly (T1) and T11 was found more effective for achieving the optimum output.

...

Bin Hu1*, Jianchang Qu2, Tenglong Han3 and Jun Leng1

...s and periodontitis were significantly different from the control group. The basic periodontal treatment combined with probiotics has a significant effect on the oral and intestinal flora, inflammatory factors and blood sugar control of patients with diabetes and periodontitis.

...
Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Iqra Javed1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Shaukat Ali3, Muhammad Khan1, Farah Rauf Shakoori1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1 and Muhammad Abrar Yousaf1
...n: justify;">Tannase has significant importance due to its various industrial applications. Tannase production using pure tannic acid as substrate is very expensive especially at industrial level. In present study, various physical parameters and medium components were optimized for maximum tannase production employing Raoultella ornithinolytica in solid state fermentation (SSF) using corn (Zea mays) leaves as substrate to reduce its production cost. The maxim...

Songruo Tao1, Cuiyi Liao1, Jinju Peng1, Yuexia Ding1,* and Yi Ma1,2,*

...tify;">Florfenicol has a significant therapeutic effect on animal bacterial diseases, most of metabolites enter the soil in the form of metabolites in feces or urine and pollute environment. Soil ecological model was established by experiment to investigate the effects of florfenicol residues in soil on 16S rDNA sequence diversity of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria. Five different concentrations of florfenicol (0 mg·kg-1, 0.1 mg·kg-1, 1 mg&middo...

Alsaied Alnaimy Habeeb*, Amaal M. Kamal, Mostafa Abbas A. Atta, Ahmed K. Sharaf  

...conception rate (28.6%), significantly lower (P<0.05) feed intake, and milk output than mothers in the DLT group. At all experimental ages, the body weight of the separated offspring from their mothers was considerably lower than that of the DLT group (P<0.05). Concentrations of blood biochemical and hormonal levels were affected (P<0.05) due to separation. On day 7, the antioxidant enzyme activities were considerably lower (P<0.05) in the DLS grou...

Muhammad Sohail1* , Zubair Ali1, Hamidullah1, Yasir Amin1, Mehwish Malik1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah2 

...uminant was found highly significant (p-value˂0.001). Mixed infections were more pronounced in Kaghani sheep (33.5%) followed by Rambouillet (31.3%), Angora (28%), Beetal (23.5%) and Ramghani (21.1%). It was found that mixed infections were more pronounced (32.4%) in females as compared to males (16.9%). The Strongylus was higher (20%) followed by Eimeria (12.3%) and Haemonchus (8.2%). It is evident from the results obtained in current study that Strongylus, ...

Athhar Manabi Diansyah1, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2, Tulus Maulana3, Hasrin4, Abdullah Baharun5 

...ned bulls did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) in terms of fertility rate on conception rate. In conclusion, sperms post-thawing quality of Bali-polled bull have a good category according SNI 4869-1:2017 and proteomic seminal plasma of Bali-polled bull has a protein profile linked to reproductive function.

Keywords | Bali-polled bull, Sperm, Thawing, Proteomic, Fertility 

...

Shabana Memon1*, Aamir Ali Abro1, Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro2, Aqsa Farid3, Maliha Habib4, Maqbool Ahmed5, Liaquat Ali Bhutto6, Saba Ambreen Memon7 and Muhammad Farooq8*

...: justify;">Drought is a significant issue because of the worldwide effects of climate change and the negative effects it has on wheat output. For improving production in water-scarce locations, screening drought-tolerant wheat cultivars is crucial. At the Plant Physiology Division of NIA, Tando Jam, the current experiment was conducted during the Rabi year of 2021. At both the P0.01 and P0.05 probability levels, the growth measurements at the seedling stage r...

Imdad Hussain Soomro1, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Naeem Rajput1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2,6*, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani3, Raza Ali Mangi4, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi5, Sheva Dhari6, Abdul Wahid Solangi6 and Zoya Parveen Soomro

...analysis showed that non-significant (P≥0.05) difference between groups from 1st to 4th week. However, showed significant (P≤0.05) effect was recorded from fifth week to eight week of age, respectively. Final weight was also significantly higher in B group when compared with A group. Statistical analysis showed non-significant (P≥0.05) differenc...

Syed Hilal Sardar1, Yousaf Jamal1*, Iltaf Ullah2, Abdul Basir1, Hidayat Ullah1 and Mukhtar Alam1 and Ikramullah3

...n yield (kg ha-1) varied significantly (P≤0.05) among different hybrids while no significant variations were observed in terms of emergence m-2, days to 50% emergence and ear length (cm). Our data revealed maximum plant height (245.00 cm), 1000 grain weight (363.00 g) and grain yield (5031.11 kg ha-1) for PSHW-201916. 30K08 produced maximum ear weight of 229.33 g and grains ear-1 of 379.33. Our findings revealed maximum 1...

Saleem Hussain1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Tauqir Anwar1, Talha Nazir2*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3, Zohaib Asad2,4, Muhammad Adnan3 and Tajwar Alam5

... trial. Results showed a significant mortality and suppression of S. graminum individuals at 72 h after treatment in the laboratory and at 10th day post-treatment in the field. In laboratory bioassay, maximum aphid mortality was caused by the extracts of D. stramonium (92%), A. indica (84%), N. tabacum (78%) and M. azedarach (70%) at 72 h post-treatment at their highest concentration (1000 ppm). Results of field trial showed significan...

Ambrin Rajput1* and Mehrunisa Memon2

...5 kg ha-1 N and K2O) had significant effect on mungbean growth parameters, 75 kg ha-1 P2O5 gave highest result of yield related parameters. The maximum plant height (70 cm), number of plant/ treatment (82), number of fruits bearing branches (23), number of pods plant-1 (88), 1000 grain weight (45.3 g), biomass yield (2478 kg ha-1), yield of grain (2986 kg ha-1), yield of straw (509 kg ha-1), protein (22%), leaves P (0.46 %) content, P uptake (11.49 kg ha-1) an...

Ali I. Al-Ameedi1, Zahraa M. Ayad2*, Wed Abbas Mohammed3, Salim K. Hajwal4

...exposed group (T1) had a significantly lower mitotic index (the number of cells in mitosis per 1000 bone marrow cells) than the control group (which only drank distilled water). These results showed a significant decrease (p>0.05) of the mitotic index of (the T1) group that received hydroxyurea orally compared with the control group that received distilled water alone. On the other hand; (T2 and T3) groups that received G...

MARIUM ASLAM, MUHAMMAD JAVED, FAIZA AMBREEN* & FARIHA LATIF

...m all the treatments was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of kidney. The results of these studies in fish tissues may prove that peroxidase activity can be used as a sensitive bio-indicator of the antioxidant defense system.
 
Key Words: Catla catla, Sub-lethal, Zinc, Antioxidant Enzyme
...

MUHAMMAD EJAZ*1, MUHAMMAD JAMIL YOUSAF5, ASMA MAQBOOL3, ALTAF HUSSAIN4 & ABDUL QAYYUM KHAN SULEHRIA2

...d/ml). ANOVA displayed a significant difference in population density of rotifers among months. Rotifers exhibited positive correlations with temperature, total hardness pH, TDS, electrical conductivity and turbidity however, DO and transparency indicated negative correlations. Shannon-Weaver index stretched from 3.036 to 3.802 and exhibited great diversity. Values of species evenness extended from 0.932 to 0.970 that showed even distribution.
&nbs...

Subramaniyam Suresh, Saravanakumar Marimuthu*, Prashanth D’Souza 

...p. Milk fat (%) was also significantly (p < 0.001) improved on weeks 2, 3 & 4 as compared to baseline in PTF supplemented group. Serum total cholesterol (p < 0.001) and triglycerides (p < 0.05) levels were significantly increased after 4 weeks of PTF supplementation. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that PTF has potential to imitate the biological functions of choline chloride, and hence, PTF could be recom...

Chun Ik Lim, Hyeon Kwon Kim, Kang Nyeong Heo, Are Sun You, Hyo Jun Choo* 

.../kg. FGP addition had no significant effect on egg production (EP) or egg weight (EW). However, eggs from groups fed a diet supplemented with FGP showed linearly (P < 0.05) higher hatchability (HAT) than those from the CON group fed a basal diet. Regarding blood parameters, serum concentration of albumin (ALB) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the group fed diets supplemented with FGP than in the CON group fed a b...
 
 MUHAMMAD MUNEEB SOHAIL1, FATIMA AMEER2, GUR CHARN SINGH2, MUHAMMAD ZAID1* 
...his study. Statistically significant and non-significant results were obtained for different lipoprotein fractions. Although, Body Mass Index (BMI) was a good classical indicator of obesity, other indicators like A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI), also proved significant in assessing the type and severity of dyslipidemia. Different lipoprotein fractions behaved diffe...
 
 ASMAT MEHMOOD, ZAEEMA KHAN AND NAILA MALKANI* 
...uded that oral cancer is significantly increasing in Pakistan, and there is a dire need to address this problem. In addition, we recommend the development of an appropriate nationwide system of cancer registry. 
...
 
 MUHAMMAD WAHEED MUSHTAQ1*, NAUMAN JAMIL KHAN1, NAVEED ASLAM DOGAR1, AISHA HAMEED2, ABDUL HAMEED2, MALIK ADIL2, HAROON IFTHIKHAR3 & SAIRA ISHAQ
... at room temperature was significantly affected by loss of Vit. C as compared to refrigerated LVs. The average % age loss of ascorbic acid observed in refrigerated and room temperature stored vegetables was 34.18 % and 40.9 % respectively, as compared to fresh one. The highest concentration of vitamin C in fresh LVs was shown by spinach (268.7 mg/L) and least by lettuce (98.03 mg/L). This study shows that fresh vegetables are good source of vitamin C as compar...
 
 SYED ALI RAZA1, MUHAMMAD WASEEM MUMTAZ2*, AYOUB RASHID CH1, ABDUL WAHEED1, JAMES WILLIAM3 & MUHAMMAD ARSHAD
... being statistically non-significant from BHA (89.41 ± 2.45%). The in-vitro anti-obesity attribute of extracts was assessed by measuring the inhibition of enzymatic activity of pancreatic lipase. The 60% ethanolic leaf extract exhibited maximum pancreatic lipase inhibition of 54.55 ± 0.72% but lower than standard drug orlistat (66.65 ± 0.68%). Findings explored the hidden antioxidant and pancreatic lipase inhibitory potential of Conocar...

Arief1, Roni Pazla2*, Rizqan1, Novirman Jamarun2 

...hat the treatment had no significant effect on production, fat content, milk lactose, intake, and digestibility of fat, crude fiber, and NFE but there was a relationship between fat intake with milk fat contents, crude fat intake with milk fat contents, and NFE intake with milk lactose. Tithonia diversifolia, cassava leaves, and palm concentrate up to a level of 30% were able to maintain production, milk fat and lactose content, intake and digestibility of c...

SAIMA SHARIF*1, SHAGUFTA NAZ1, RIDA IRAM1, FARKHANDA MANZOOR1, TASNIM FARASAT1 and MUHAMMAD SAQIB2

...;">Anaemia is one of the significant public health problem among children in the world especially in those who live in rural communities having low socioeconomic status. This cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anaemia in children of rural communities of Punjab from January 2016 to July 2016. The children were selected from Services hospital, Lahore and District hospital Sharqpur, Dist. Sheikhupura. A total of 500 samples of chil...
Jian-Cheng Zhai1,2, Sheng-Nan Wang1,3, Qiang-Hui Wang1, Yan-Ling Xia1, Wei-Shi Liu1, Ya-Jie Yin4 and He-Ping Li1*
...1 (2.23 ± 0.92%), significantly higher in methylation level than that of female reindeer and sika deer (0.01<P<0.05). Methylation levels of KGF in antler mesenchyme were highly significantly higher in male reindeer and sika deer (45.53 ± 3.87% and 42.20 ± 1.91%, respectively), compared to female reindeer (0.00 ± 0.00%, P<0.01). Methylation level of NGF in antler mesenchyme was highly

Ubaida Hussain1,2*, Amtul Jamil Sami1*, Shazia Rafique3*, Muhammad Idrees khan3 and Ahmad Ali Shahid3

...t HCV without having any significant cytotoxic effects.

...

Amber Khalid1*, Amjad Rashid Kayani1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1, Muhammad Mushtaq1, Mirza Azhar Beg1 and Surrya Khanam2

... different seasons. Non- significant difference (p>0.05) was calculated between consumption of different food items in male and female rats. It is concluded that Indian gerbil damaged the cash crops of Pothwar. Therefore, preventive measures should be taken as part of integrated pest control program.

...

Hemayet Hossain1, Md. Masud Parvej1*, Khadiza Akter Brishty3, Muhammad Ali4, Junayed Ahmed4, Asibul Hasan4, Rubel Miah4, Md. Piplu Mia4, Saad Muhammad Rafe-Ush-Shan4, Md. Nazmul Alam4 and Md. Zahidul Islam Khan2

... be valuable and provide significant insight to prioritize research on diseases and develop effective prevention and treatment plans. It also serves as a baseline for ongoing epidemiology and prevalence research on diseases in this region.

...
Ayesha Ahsan1, Rabia Arif2*, Samina Nazir1, Muhammad Saleem2 and Memunna G. Shahid1
... all eukaryotes and play significant role in growth, development and cell differentiation through phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation of other proteins. In this study, we have amplified PKC and beta tubulin homolog bml gene from six strains and F3 and F4 generations of Sordaria fimicola collected from the Evolution Canyon-1. Sequenced products of 464 bp of tubulin gene and 548 bp for PKC gene were aligned to observe the genetic variations between the eight ...

Jianli Xiong1,2,*, Hongtao Ren2, Guanglu Li2, Xiaochan Gao2, Yong Huang2 and Shiyang Gao2

...E supplementation had no significant effect on body weight, but significantly decreased the average daily feed intake and the feed/gain ratio. Moreover, compared with control, the thymus index, serum SOD and GSH-Px increased significantly, while MDA decreased significantly in the 20, 40, and 80 IU/kg groups. In conclusion, dietary VE supplementation can ...

Dalia Mansour Hamed1, Mohsen Zaky El Dimerdash1, Ahmed Abdelatif Ali2, Samer Adel Abd El-Gaffar3, Mona Salim Abdallah1* 

...emi-closed group (B) had significantly the highest body weight throughout the observation period. In the challenge group, the mortality rate was 100% (6/6) in group (1), followed by group (2) with 66.6% (4/6), and 33.3% (2/6) in group (3). S. aureus was the predominant and lethal bacteria in young rabbits. In addition, the semi closed nursing system improved the health of newborn rabbits. finally, probiotic/antibiotic combination is the best choice against S....

Ovirup Bhushan Paul1, Shodipta Sharma Urmi2, Md. Ashraf Ali Biswas3* 

...incubation period and no significant difference of pH between TMR & FTMR feeds at 24h, 48h incubation period. The highest mean digestibility of both TMR and FTMR feed was obtained at 34.78% (34.78±1.28) and 45.91% (45.91±1.09) respectively, at 48h incubation period. Among five replicates of both TMR and FTMR, the highest mean gas production was 74ml (73.8±1.11) and 59ml (59±0.89) respectively, at a 48h incubation period. The dig...

Lei Jiang, Yi Huang, Runfeng Yang, Xiaohui Jiang* and Hao Yan

...9910 and PAX2 genes were significantly up-regulated in SKOV3/DDP cells, and miR-455-5p was significantly down-regulated in SKOV3/DDP cells. circ_0009910 could enhance cisplatin sensitivity of SKOV3/DDP cells. circ_0009910 targeted miR-455-5p, and knockdown of circ_0009910 up-regulated the expression of miR-455-5p in SKOV3/DDP cells. Overexpression of miR-455-5p can enhanced cisplatin sensitivity of SKOV3/DDP cells. miR-455-5...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Ziaul Islam2, Assar Ali Shah3 and Saad Ullah1

...se-1 and 2 were recorded significantly higher for the control group than all other treatment groups.It is concluded that the effect of different levels of soy hulls in diet did not affect egg weight and egg quality parameters during different phases but economic parameters were significantly higher (P<0.05) amount in the control group than all soybean hull treatment groups. Among soybean hulls groups, 3% and 6% SH group s...

Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1*, Mansoor Tariq1, Zubair Ahmed Leghari2, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Barirah Rehman Talpur1 

...ory disease which causes significant losses in goat population throughout Asia, Middle East, Europe and Africa. In order to investigate the seroprevalence of CCPP in goat population of Sindh province, a total of 800 serum samples from four districts of Sindh (Thatta, Tharparkar, Jamshoro and Larkana) representing four agro-ecological zones of Sindh were examined by using c-ELISA. The overall seroprevalence of CCPP in goat population was found to be 18.0%. The ...

Doaa H. Assar1, Rasha A. Al-Wakeel2, Zizy I. Elbialy3, Mahmoud M. El-Maghraby4, Helmy K. Zaghlool5, Adel A. El-Badawy4, Abdel-Khalek E. Abdel-Khalek6*

...tary SPL supplementation significantly increased body weight, count of red and white blood cells, packed cell volume, and serum total protein, high-density lipoproteins, testosterone, and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), and significantly decreased activity of aspartate and alanine transaminases (AST and ALT), triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very-LDL, and urea. Semen variables including semen volume,...

Theresia Nur Indah Koni*, Tri Anggarini Yuniwati Foenay, Stormy Vertygo

... and their mixture had a significant effect (P<0,05) on the value of pH, NH3 and lactic acid. Treatment T2 had the lowest values of pH and NH3 but had highest lactic acid. Additionally, the use of urea, palmyra sap and their mixture had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the value of dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber content of rice bran. Treatment T3 had the lowest dry matter and crude fiber content, but the hig...

Doungnapa Promket1,2,4*, Khanitta Pengmeesri2,4, Jennarong Kammongkun3, Thassawan Somchan2

...lysis results discovered significant associations between the three candidate genes (NPY, DRD2 and VIP). Egg production 270EN, 360EN and E_M of BB genotype were higher than bb genotype for the NPY gene (P < 0.01), while CC and TC genotypes of the DRD2 gene were associated with high 270EN, 360EN and E_M (P < 0.01). The DD genotype had higher 270EN, 360EN and E_M compared to ID and II genotypes, whereas other egg production traits were not influenced by th...

Hanaa M. Abdelkhalek1, Hanan E. Nagib1, Randa S. Elias1, Saad S. Mansour1, Walid S. Mousa2*

...kacin and norfloxacin is significantly reduced from 64 µg/mL to 1 µg/mL and from 256 µg/mL to 8µg/mL respectively with frictional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index 0.25. Therefore, the FIC index recognized a synergistic activity between amikacin and norfloxacin against all P. areuginosa isolates. The mPCR was an efficient tool for detection of virulence genes (exoT, toxA, oprL, and isaI) at 152, 396, 504, 606 bp respectively. In addi...

Zulaikha Zainool Abidin1, Fahim Hafiy Idris2, Suriya Kumari Ramiah1, Elmutaz Atta Awad1, Zunita Zakaria3,4, Zulkifli Idrus1,2* 

...pulation of Lactobacilli significantly but had a negligible effect on E. coli and Clostridium spp. counts. Prolonged duration of road transportation and lairage increased caecal counts of E coli. Birds road transported for 8 h had a higher caecal population of Clostridium spp. but lairage duration had no significance on the bacteria. In conclusion, the present findings strengthen the notion that minimising the stress associated with pre-slaughter practices is ...

Siti Fairus Mohamed Yusoff1, Annie Christianus1*, Yuzine Esa1, Muhammad Fadhil Syukri Ismail1, Bashiru Garba2, Nik Siti Zaimah Safiin3, Nur Hamid Hidayahanum4

... fatty acids (SFAs) were significantly higher in hybrid PH×PN and P. hypophthalmus. Also, crude protein and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) were higher in the hybrid PH×PN and P. nasutus. However, there were no significant differences recorded between the hybrid and its parents for omega-3 (n-3PUFA), total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3, EPA) and (C22:5n-3, EPA). Like...

Anhar Ibrahim Elhanafy*, Amr Mohamed Mousa, Amaal Mohamed Kamal 

...hat BV treated does were significantly improved RBCs count, WBCs, serum total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations, as compared to control. Upon treatment, a significant decline in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and in direct bilirubin, serum creatinine, urea content, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein, and vice versa re...

Khitam J. Yahya*, Mohammed T. S. Al-Zubaidi

... meleagridis. There were significant differences between the curcumin (4.33 mg/kg/day) and paromomycin (100 mg/kg/day) treatments. Curcumin was able to treat the infection and needed father evaluation.
 
Keywords | Cryptosporidium, Biology study, Histopathology examination, Curcumin, Paromomycin, Herbal medicine, Quails
...

Imran Muhammad Siddique1, Naseem Sharif1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Mudassar Naseer1, Ammara Noreen3, Naseem Akhtar4 and Safeer ud Din5

...s per liter was obtained significantly high in less seeded strain LSKS-2. Total soluble solids as 11.70% remained in the same strain (LSKS-2). Vitamin C was18.43 mg/100gms besides total phenolic compounds 94.78 μgms in LSKS-2. However, somewhat tenacious fruit with more peel thickness was observed in LSKS-4 which was 3.31 mm. Highest firmness remained 2.48kg in LSKS-1 of less seeded kinnow. Conclusively less seeded strain LSKS-2 proved best of all the five ...
Muhammad Arabi Awan1, Hafiz Husnain Nawaz2*, Naeem Akhtar2 and Azmat Ali Awan3
...s. The psyllid can cause significant damage to the olive tree, affecting its growth and yield, and also reducing the quality of the olives produced. A study conducted in 2020 at the agricultural research center in Tarnab, which evaluated the effects of different pesticide treatments on the population of olive psyllids in an olive orchard. The study tested three treatments: CHLORPYRIPHOS 50% EC (T1), THIAMETHOXAM 25 WG (T2), and Detergent (T3), and compared the...

Ijaz Haider1,2*, Muhammad Riaz2, Sikandar Ali2, Qurban Ali1, Ali Noman3, Dilbar Hussain1, Imran Nadeem1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Aqsa Abbas1, Asad Aslam1, Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa2, Ejaz Ul Hassan2, Muhammad Zubair2, Muhammad Saleem1 and Muhammad Kamil Malik1

...ace wing and spiders was significantly higher as compared to other treatments. It is evident from the results that SA has enhanced plant resistance against whitefly and thus reduced the damage of pest. SA can be used as alternative combination for the management of cotton whitefly and the amount of insecticide can be reduced for the control of whitefly.

...

Rashid Khan1, Muhammad Sajid2, Saud Khan3*, Jehanzeb4 and Aslam Noor5

...times;SD and PP×SD significantly influenced various quality attributes of apricot fruits. The fruits harvested at the greenish stage had the lowest physiological weight loss and decay index that shows an increase in fruits harvested at orange yellow stage respectively after 25 days of storage. Similarly, after 25 days of storage, fruits stored in plastic bags having 10 pores retained fruit weight and attained minimum physiological weight loss with low de...

Dian Septinova*, Hananda Sofia, Nari Ratih, Armelia Rizqika, Riyanti, Veronica Wanniatie, Madi Hartono 

...east meat with FWC had a significant effect on reducing pH, total meat bacteria, and raw meat color, but not on water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, organoleptic (raw meat odor, color, odor, and the taste of cooked meat). Storage time at cold temperatures (5oC) for 7 and 14 days affected the decrease in cooking loss, total bacteria, but not pH, and WHC of control and marinated meat. The 40 minutes of marinating using FWC can be applied to get the best q...

Hasanain Jihad Neamah 

...PPE2 group exhibited the significantly (p≤0.05) enhanced sperm motility at 2 and 48 hour of cooling. A non-significant (p>0.05) increase in HOS-test percentage for all groups after 2 hours of cooling was observed. The PPE1 and PPE3 groups recorded the lowest percentage of HOS-test after 48 hours, however, groups PPE2 and the control recorded the significant (p≤0.05) excess in thi...

Shaimaa M. Ahmed1, Gehan M.A. Kassem1*, Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez2, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem1 

...imum growth rate was non-significantly different between turbidity and plate count methods and the primary models fit well (R2; 0.83 vs 0.93) in the two methods, respectively that indicating a good model fitting to our experimental data. The potential growth of S. aureus in raw chicken breast and thigh meats at room and refrigeration temperatures showed that regardless of meats type, S. aureus counts were significantly highe...

Abubakar Sadiq Muhammad1,2, Latiffah Hassan1, Saleha Abdul Aziz1, Zunita Zakaria1, Hassan Ismail Musa1, 2*, Maswati Mat Amin3 

...ression analysis found a significant association between soil water content and ST (sequence type) 84 (OR = 0.833, 95% CI: 0.708 to 0.980; p=0.027) when compared to ST51. This showed a unit increase in soil water contents was associated with a 1.2 times increase in the odds of recovering ST51 compared with the odds of recovering ST84. Also, a statistically significant protective association was recorded between water pH and ...

Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob1, Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef2*, Entesar H. Taha1, Mona M.S. Zayed3, Hassan Abd- El-Khair4 and Nora R.A. Saleh2

...centrations (25 and 50%) significantly (p≤0.05) inhibited M. incognita- egg hatching at each exposure period (24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs) compared to untreated control. As for the percentages of the second stage juveniles mortality increased with increasing the concentrations and exposure periods. Generally, the highest egg hatching inhibition and juvenile mortality occurred after 96 and 72hrs exposure to the suspensions of the tested isolates of P. fluorescens ...

Mostafa Mohamed Attia Hammam, Moawad Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed* and Mahfouz Mohamed Mostafa Abd-Elgawad

Usama Saleem1, Muhammad Asrar1*, Dilbar Hussain2, Saddam Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar2, Hassan Usman1, Muhammad Imran1, Mubshar Saleem3 and Maryam Hamid1

...-damaging bug. It causes significant damage by sucking cell sap, injecting a poison into the plant, eliminating photo-assimilates, and spreading plant-destroying viruses. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of botanical extracts and synthetic insecticides in combating wheat aphids. Data regarding the aphid population was recorded 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours after the application of plant extracts and insecticides. Maximum mortality recorded after 1...

Muhammad Ahsan Riaz1, Ayesha Riaz2, Muhammad Asif Mahmood3, Muhammad Uzair Mukhtar3*, Zaib Un Nisa1, Beenish Ijaz4 and Muhammad Shahid Rasool5

...atures of breeding water significantly increase (P≤0.05) the body size, head, thorax and abdomen of larvae. The results convinced that temperature inversion affects the immature development stages of Ae. aegypti. This study concluded that, Ae. aegypti larvae’s body size depends upon seasonal temperature inversion in the breeding water. These findings can help in predicting the variation in the development rate of Ae. aegypti larvae under different sea...

A. A- E. Abo-Elkhier1, K. S. E. Abdel-Wahab2, M. A. Ali3, M. A-H. El-Sayed4, N.A-K. Saleh5 and A. A. Atef6

...rences was statistically significant (P 0.05) (Except total protein and alkaline phosphatase). It was found that 3 anti-HEV IgM. anti-HEV IgG. HEV RNA and HEV Ag positive pregnant women transmitted the virus to their all fetus (100%). While 14 anti-HEV IgG, HEV RNA and HEV Ag positive pregnant women transmitted the virus to 12 (85.7 %) of their fetus and the fetus died and terminated to abortion. However, the 7 anti-HEV IgG positive aborted women did not trans...

Hala A. Amin1; A. Barakat2; A.A. Abou Zeid1

...atic techniques requires significant amounts of immunoreagents. Hence, using directional cloning technology, a 38-KDa fusion protein containing a complete coat protein (CP) gene or Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) encoded by the expression vector plasmid (Pinpoint™ Xa3, Promega) with a fragment of biotin binding protein (BBP-rCTV-CP) was highly expressed and purified from E. coli cell culture. Antiserum obtained from rabbits after injection with the BBP-rCTV-...

S.A. El-Kewey1; R.A. Omar1; S.A. Sidaros2 and Samaa Abd El-Khalik3

...weight of bulb decreased significantly with the increasing of severity symptoms on garlic plants of both cultivars. The electron microscope preparations of crude sap extracted from naturally infected garlic plants and negatively stained with 2% PTA showed flexuous rod-shaped particles 657-714 nm long. Biological relationships between the virus and insect vectors were studied.

...

Waheed Khan1, Muhammad Ajmal Khan2, Bakhtawar Khan1*, Aftab Amin3, Muhsin Ali4, Awais Farid, Ali Hazrat5 and Muhammad Yahya5

...ic extract of V. thapsus significantly (P>0.05) reduced the blood glucose level, TC, TG, LDL, increase HDL and body weight at 400mg kg-1 compared to 200 mg and 10 mg of the standard drug after 28 days of treatment. The results of our study suggested that methanolic extract of V. thapsus have potent anti-diabetic activity, with comparatively less toxicity for its use in ethno-medicine for diabetes management.

...

Asim Faraz1*, Nasir Ali Tauqir2, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Muhammad Arslan Akbar3, Muhammad Abubakar Sufyan1, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Usman Saleem4, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel5, Morteza Bitaraf Sani6, Amal AlKharusi7, Samira Jebahi8 and Ayman Balla Mustafa9

...nd yield was found to be significantly (P<0.05) high. Solids not fat (SNF), protein, and total solids in milk were found to be highly significant (P<0.05) in early lactating and non-pregnant females while milk density and lactose were studied to be highly significant in mid-end lactating and pregnant she-camels. A significant reduction in milk fat,...

Muhammad Ismail1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2, Zarina Qasim3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*

...r (T4), fruit damage was significantly reduced remained 0.32 to 0.49% in both years. In addition, T5 (control) plots where no IPM treatments were applied showed highest number of infected fruits (3.06 to 4.59%) in both years. Moreover cost-benefit ratio was lowest for the combined treatment (T4) during both years i.e., 2.7:1 for 2015 and 3.08:1 for 2016 as compared to other treatments. Overall results of this field trial demonstrate the significance of integra...

Tanvir Ahmed1, Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury1, Bibek Chandra Roy1Shubash Chandra Das1*, Khan Md. Shaiful Islam2, Bipul Chandra Ray1, Sukumar Saha3 

...Antibody titer increased significantly (p < 0.05) with PB supplementation in both collections against ND and IBD. Villi length increased (p = 0.05) in the PB-fed group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of MOS enriched with β-glucans may be considered as a performance enhancer, reducing the pathogenic bacteria load, and boosting the immune response. PB may be a suitable alternative to AGP.  

...

Nguyen Thi Kim Dong1*, Nguyen Van Thu2 

...t and thigh weights were significantly higher for the SP0.2treatment (p<0.05). The supplement of SP and VE products significantly decreased density of E. coli and C. perfringens in the chicken excreta (p<0.05). It was concluded that the Guinea fowls supplemented SP and VE in concentrate basal diets improved growth rate, carcass performance as well as had better intestinal health and the treatment offered at 0.2% SP gav...

Galuh Chandra Agustina1*, Erwin Syahfitri1, Viski Fitri Hendrawan1, Siska Aditya1,2 

...black cumin seeds powder significantly decreased the caspase-3 expression, whereby P3 revealed the lower value compared to other treatment groups (P < 0.05). Besides, an increased the number of Sertoli cells was significantly in line the supplementation of black cumin powder (P < 0.05), showing P3 had stronger effect than their counterpars. Furthermore, this study suggests that the administration of black cumin seed p...

Jaswandi, Ananda*, Rusfidra, Kusnadidi Subekti, Harif Gusdinal, Raziah Sri Wahyuni, Fahmi Ariansyah Caniago 

...50×106 spermatozoa significantly (P<0.05) increased fertility (50.87±4.92 %) and fertile period (6.05±4.75 days) and did not affect the sex ratio. Combination research on spermatozoa concentrations and insemination time intervals needs to be carried out to optimize fertility and the fertile period of spermatozoa in KBC. 

...

Behari Lal Meghwar1*, Attaullah Khan1, Imran Ali Lakhiar1, Asif Ali Mirani2, Muhammad Siddique Daper1 and Muhammad Waseem Kalroo

...d that T1 and T2 methods significantly reduced the moisture compared to T3 method. T1 and T2 method reduced the moisture level from 80% (w.b) to about 10-12% (w.b) in 63 and 54 hrs, respectively, compared to 81 hrs taken by T3. However, the total aflatoxin content of T1, T2, and T3 were 1.4, 3.0, and 2.7 ppb, respectively. The measured values were below the recommended values of the aflatoxin. Based on the experiment result, it was concluded that the T2 and T2...

Yun Zhang*

...d that exosomes could be significantly observed in the PE group. The expression of surface markers that included CD63 and CD81 were dramatically upregulated in PE group. The protein level of ET-1 and Ang-II were significantly increased in PE group, and the upregulated ET-1 and Ang-II expression were highly correlated with PE progression. The present study demonstrated that the exosome protein ET-1 upregulated the expression ...

Xiaoying Liang1,2, Xiaofang Jiang3, Honglin Jia1, Ru Zhang1, Li Gao4* and Qing Yang5*

...sensitisation revealed a significant increase in CD4+ T cells. However, analysis of regulatory T cells revealed the opposite results. The decrease of Th2 cells, cytokine proteins, and genes was reversed by a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in vitro and in vivo, which also increased the allergen sensitisation status and decreased the inflammatory response. Epigenetics has an impact on disease occurrence. Epigenetic regulation in T cells contributes to the devel...

Fang Chen

...3p mimic group showed no significant effect on the activity of mutant 3’UTR luciferase of PTEN (P>0.05). The miR-4728-3p inhibitor group had less cell migration and invasion, and its apoptosis rate increased (P<0.05). The abnormal expression of miR-4728-3p mediated the apatinib resistance of SCLC by targeting PTEN and regulating PI3 K/AKT pathway.

...

Yisi Chen*, Jun Zhang and Fayin Li

...in in propofol group was significantly reduced within 2h after incision (P<0.05). In the propofol group, the phosphorylation level of GluN2B, p38MAPK and EPAC1 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The number of dorsal spinal cord neurons co-expressed with EPAC1 and c-fos was significantly decreased in the propofol group after surgery (P<0.05). To conclude, propofol could reduce p...

Chun Shi, Juanjuan Guo, Meng Li, Qi Yang and Jingang Li*

...showed that there was no significant alpha diversity during the four periods; however, the beta diversity was different, especially in the awakening period. These differences in beta diversity may be due to the significantly increased abundance of 11 kinds of bacteria, including Anoxybacillus, Geobacillus, Klebsiella, Thermus, and Acinetobacter (P<0.05), and the significantly reduced ab...

Rafik Soliman1*, Rafik H. Sayed2, Hanan Mahmoud3, Heidy Abo El-Yazeed1, Marsell Saad1, Shaimaa Abdelall Elsaady2, Khalid Sh3 

...ks post immunization was significantly higher in the serum and milk whey of immunized cows as compared to the non-immunized cows (P<0.01). The highest ELISA titers against E. coli (O111), S. aureus, Str. agalactiae and Str. dysgalactiae were recorded 4 weeks post immunization in the serum and milk whey of immunized cows as compared to the non-immunized group. In cows suffering from subclinical mastitis the vaccination and /or antibiotic treatment induced

Saad Zaghlou El-Damrawy1, Reda Ali Hassan2*, Ahmed Maher Bakhaty1, Adel M. Nasr2, El-Sayed A. Abu El-Hassan2  

...-treated chicks showed a significant decrease in their total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit levels (HCT), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), as well as lymphocyte %, neutrophil %, and monocyte %. All the indicators, including feed intake, body weight gain, haematological tests, and serum biochemical tests, we...

Muhammad Arshad Iqbal*, Aamir Ghafoor, Irfan Ahmad, Muhammad Ijaz 

... important sector with a significant contribution to the national GDP. However, there are several diseases that impact poultry health. The Salmonella Enteritidis can cause systemic infection in chicks and laying hens with prolonged faecal shedding. C. perfringens cause necrotic enteritis (NE) which instigated extreme economic losses and usually occur in broiler chicken. Use of AGP in Poultry feed has several negative implications involving public health concer...
Zhao Fulin1,2, Liang Chen2, Tao Lin1, Jiang Yanting3, Ouyang Yina3, Hong Qionghua3* and Chu Mingxing1*
...cated that there were no significant correlation between FGFR1 gene g. 12120297A> G locus and EPB41L5 gene g. 64266715G> C locus and litter size, litter weight at birth and weaning (P> 0.05). There were significant correlation between EPB41L5 gene g. 64237881A> C and g. 64266710 G> C and litter size (P< 0.05), and were no significant correlation and litter weight at birth...

Wuritunashun*, Burenbatu, Narenqiqige, Jiuguniang, Eerdunduleng, Shuanglian Wang, Cuiqin Gong, Hashengaowa, Huizhi Jin, Baiwurihan and Chunhaizi

... HSP patients. Out of 14 significantly differentially expressed proteins, four proteins immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-27, immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-11, neural cell adhesion molecule L1-like protein, and immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-33 were upregulated, whereas 10 proteins i.e., protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor, C4b-binding protein alpha chain, heparin cofactor 2, complement C4-A, complement C4 beta chain, vitamin K-dependent protein Z, coagul...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1,  Muhammad Arshad2, Sohail Akhter3
Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Rizwan1, Muddassir Ali1 and Arshad Makhdoon Sabir1
...ambda; cyhalothin has no significant impact on developmental life stages of larvae of ladybird beetle but it significantly reduced the span of total adult longevity (30.8 to 26.91 d), female adult longevity (31.5 to 27.79 d), and male adult longevity (29.4 to 25.56 d) as compared to control. Among population parameters, λ cyhalothin had a non-significant impact on adult preovipositi...
Mansoor Ayoob1, Atta Hussain Shah1, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani2, Muhammad Faisal Ayoob2,3*, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1,5 and Abdul Sattar Baloch4
...lycogen content showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase among the groups except for the control. Whereas peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in all the groups, excluding control, which showed an increase. Moreover, the total viable and total coliform counts were markedly decreased at the 4, 8 and 12th days of storage in all the groups, except in group A. It concludes that the hon...

Keatisak Soisuwan1, Hatairat Plaimast2, Atichat Thongnum3, Soranot Chotnipat4, Manatsanun Nopparatmaitree4* 

...e supplementation had no significant effect on the growth performances of broilers as compared to the control (P > 0.05). However, supplementation of natural multi-enzymes increased the viability rate of broilers during the starter period (P < 0.05). In addition, natural multi-enzyme supplementation exhibited positive effects on the productivity index, salable bird return, net profits return per bird, return on investment, and feed cost per gain compared...

Maria Endo Mahata1*, Oriyanti Br Situngkir1, Yan Heryandi2, Takayuki Ohnuma3, Yose Rizal1 

... pellet binder had a non-significant (p>0.05) effect on crude fiber digestibility, nitrogen retention, and energy metabolism of Miana plant pellets on broilers. However, the dosage of pellet binder had a highly significant impact (p<0.01) on crude fiber digestibility, nitrogen retention, and energy metabolism of Miana plant pellets on broilers. In conclusion, there was no interaction between the type and dosage of pel...

Shaimaa A.Tawfik2,3, EL S.T. Awad1*, Hoda O.Abu Bakr1, Amira M.Gamal-Eldeen4, Esmat Ashour2, Ismail M.Ahmed1  

...bino rats evidenced by a significant enhancement in the activity of ALT, GGT, LDH, AST, also creatinine and uric acid. CSO induced antioxidant activity GSH, CAT and inhibited MDA. Histopathological examination in sections of liver, kidney and heart tissues were confirmed these findings. In liver tissues, DOX resulted in an observable induction in CYP3A4 and MRP-1, while CSO/DOX showed an inhibition in both proteins. c-MYC was dramatically decreased in DOX gro...

Adel B. Salama and Reham M. Sabry*

...vested plants produced a significantly much more harvestable total flower yield of 297-350 per plant than control with 48-51 flower/plant. Further, petal harvesting has significant effect on the flowers number and it increased 6-7 folds; hence possibly improve the compensation ability of plants to set new buds. Petal harvesting had positive significant effects on plant fresh and dry weight...

Muhammad Mohsin Abbas1*, Sajjad Ur Rahman1, Muhammad Abubakar2, Muhammad Imran Arshad1 and Khurram Ashfaq3

...and type A (21.33%) were significantly higher in vaccinated bovine group as compared to non-vaccinated bovine with (12.93%), (9.45%) and (5.22%) respectively across the district. More specifically the cow population was carrying maximum seroprevalence of type O with (60.55%) compared to buffalo with (36.58%). It was concluded that serotype O was more prevalent in district Bahawalpur followed by serotype Asia 1 and serotype A and cow population was found more s...

Fatimah Mohammed Alsarawi1*, Azharia Abdelbagi Elbushra1,2 and Ishtiag Faroug Abdalla1,3

...s showed a statistically significant positive association between domestic consumption of poultry meat and GDP, and a negative significant statistically relationship with meat price index in the long run. Furthermore, the results depicted a positive significant relationship in the short run between domestic consumption of poultry meat and GDP. The study recommended improvement of poultry s...

Najamuddin Solangi1*, Mushtaque Ahmed Jatoi1, Adel Ahmed Abul-Soad2, Abdul Aziz Mirani1, Muhammad Aslam Solangi3 and Ghulam Sarwar Markhand1

...Cl) solution resulted in significantly highest survival, lowest mortality and contamination in spikelet explants. The spikelet explants obtained from immature spathes (avg. 17 cm) resulted in significantly highest callogenesis in cvs. Begum Jungi (83.6%) and Ajwa (75.6%). Significantly highest callus induced in floral buds in cvs. Begum Jungi (87.3%) and Ajwa (84.3%) on medium comprising o...

Muhammad Asim Bhutta1,2*, Amna Bibi2, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Sadia Kanwal2, Zarmeena Amjad1, Hafeez ur Rehman3, Umar Farooq3, Muhammad Nouman Khalid4 and Syeda Fiza Nayab5

...is. Photoinhibition is a significant and extremely complex phenomenon, which is basically light-induced damage to the photosynthetic machinery that principally affects the Photosystem II complex and leads to less photosynthetic productivity. A light-independent photosynthetic activity restricts the consumption of electrons produced in the early photoreactions, which appears to be the principal cause of photoinhibition by visible light. There is a chance that e...

Tajul Islam Mamun, Jillur Rahman, Mahmudul Hasan, Md. Jamal Hossain, Md Wakil Mahmud and Kamruz Zaman

...r health conditions were significantly associated with the occurrence of FIP (p ≤ 0.05). Sex and breed were not statistically associated with FIP but had a comparatively high prevalence. Most of the suspected FIP clinical feature was effusive (66.66%). This outcome provides an empirical analysis of FIP in the city of Dhaka. The results demonstrate an unambiguous correlation between age and neutering status. This finding will contribute to develop future inv...
Balquees Kanwal1*, Syeda Saba Shah1, Syed Waqas Hassan2 and Farzana Shaheen3
...ue to be one of the most significant global level public health issue in the world. Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) produces a principal virulence factor shiga toxin (Stx), which can lead to diarrhea, haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and other lethal complications. Consumption of STEC contaminated food has been associated with food related illnesses outbreak. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of O157:H7 strain o...

Luqman1*, Zahid Hussain2, Tamana Bakht3, Fazli Wahab1, Miftah-ud-Din1, Haroon Khan2, Imran Shinwari1, Ata Ullah1, Liaqat Khan1 and Sara Hidayat

...nd weed control measures significantly affected all the studied parameters except plant height at maturity (cm). Furthermore, the N-S sowing direction proved to be more effective in terms of weed control and enhancing the yield of onion crop. Among the weed control measures, hand weeding proved the best in terms of weed control and desirable onion yield. The weed fresh biomass was higher in the E-W sowing direction of onion crop (930 kg ha-1) than in the N-S s...

Mehwish Kanwal1, Muhammad Mushtaq1*, Surrya Khanam2, Irfan Ahmed3, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1, Amjad Rashid Kayani1 and Tariq Mehmood1

...d the intake of the bait significantly over the basic / plain bait, while a non-significant difference of consumption was recorded in case of 2.5% egg supplemented bait over the control bait. While none of the other additive could enhance the consumption of the bait material at both the concentrations. Milk powder added bait was the less preferred bait combination, followed by sugar and monosodium glutamate added baits. Resu...
Gilyan V. Fedotova1,2, Marina I. Slozhenkina1, Ivan F. Gorlov1,  Aizhan A. Kaidulina1, Alexander A. Mosolov1, Daria A. Mosolova1, Mohammadreza Poorghasemi3 and Alireza Seidavi3*
...e muscles analyzed was insignificant (P>0.05). We revealed a comparatively high biological value of flesh from steers in all groups. The moisture retention capacity ranged from 63.75 to 64.12% due to intramuscular fat in the meat. The pH value of the beef samples in all studied groups was at the optimal level.

...

Rahma Boukarine*, Leila Hamdi and Kamel Khelili

...hich was manifested by a significant elevation of AST, ALT, ALP, urea, uric acid and creatinine plasma levels. Additionally, a significant decrease in GSH levels and GPx activity accompanied with an increase in MDA levels were noted due to the exposition of xylene. However, animals that received ESAE with xylene (REX1 and REX2) showed an adjustment of these perturbations, by a significant ...

Meng Wang, Dongliang Zhou, Huixia Li, Chunqin Wu,Yan Zhao and Houqiang Luo*

...s the intensive study is significant.

...

Thobela Louis Tyasi1* and Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra2

...ively high statistically significant association (P < 0.01) with rump height ( r = 0.74) and withers height (r = 0.57), and a positive statistically significant association (P < 0.05) with face length (r = 0.40), body length (r = 0.47) and sternum height (r = 0.48). Three principal components (PC’s) were obtained in Nguni cows that explain about 68.12% of total variance in animals morphostructure. The first compo...

Xiaowei Huang1, Chao Ma1, He Lin1, Yuchen Wang1, Yan Xu1, Guangfu Lv2* and Zhe Lin1*

...ts showed that, OR could significantly reduce the contents of CRH, ACTH and CORT in serum and improve the damage of hippocampal structure, and increase the expression levels of GR, MR, BDNF, TrkB and CREB in hippocampus. In conclusion, Oviductus ranae can reduce hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperfunction induced by CUMS, increase the expression level of BDNF related signal pathway proteins, improve hippocampal tissue damage, and thus play an antid...

Yong Bin Zhao1, Hui Song1, Guo Gong Yi1*, Xi Lian Hao1, Bai Wang2, Zhi Wen Chen2

...od. The results showed a significant difference between the isotope values of the rachis and barbules from the same feather. In addition, the isotope values of the rachises and barbules differed between individuals, although the food sources of the samples might be slightly different. Based on the above results, the cluster analysis was able to distinguish individuals, with the highest accuracy of 85%; the more factors that were used, the higher the accuracy o...

Jihan Abd Wahab, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris* and Jasmin Arif Shah

...ting are the skills that significant towards work performance, and the evaluating skill became the highest independent variable that contributes to the work performance of extension agent. About 71.2% variance of work performance is explained by PIME and the balance 28.8% is explained by the other factors. This study suggest that the extension agent should improve their planning and implementing skills to suite with pandemic situation, so that the program that...

Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Kashif Afzal2, Muhammad Luqman1*, Tahir Munir Butt3, Muhammad Yaseen1 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1

...s have a highly positive significant relationship with the level of awareness about olive cultivation practices. The systematic promotion of fortnightly and monthly training of olive growers without any discrepancy should be planned under realistic monitoring and evaluation. Agricultural extension department should arrange the training for different progressive farmers’ fields to develop an interest in updating their knowledge and analyzing their problem...

Seyi Olalekan Olawuyi1*, Adedotun Oluwagbenga Anjorin2, Oluwagbenga Titus Alao3, Tosin Dolapo Olawuyi3, Rachael Ajibola Ayinla3 and Rasheed Ayodele Ayinla3

...food system, and causing significant loss of farm output, disruption of food supply chain, as well as loss of returns and other economic damages. This research interrogated the effect of adoption of bio-security threats management practices on arable crop farmers’ food security status in South-West, Nigeria, using cross-sectional research design, with the dataset elicited from 403 farmers drawn through a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data were a...

Muhammad Kefayatullah* and Said Wahab

...d storage interval had a significant effect on physicochemical and sensory analysis of apricot fruit during postharvest storage.

...

Faiza Siddique1, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Rana Arsalan Javaid1, Alvina Hanif1, Maria Rabnawaz1, Muhammad Arshad2, Irum Raza3 and Abid Majeed1*

... growth, drought poses a significant reducing stress towards crop yield and its stability over the time and locality. In terms of sensitivity to this environmental stress, rice, which is a drought-sensitive crop, exhibits notable varietal variability. for the estimation of elite coarse rice lines to withstand against the drought stress especially during early plant developmental phases and germination and seedling stage, an experiment was carried out from June...

Muhammad Hasnain1, Qudsia Nazir2, Ifra Saleem2*, Syed Shahid Hussain Shah1, Muhammad Asif Ali1 and Noor ul Ain3

...mproved Zn concentration significantly in rice grains, which were maximum (66.8%) and minimum (55.3%) increase was in rice observed as compared to where no (Zn) was applied (in control) at Faisalabad and Chiniot (FSD and CHT), respectively. EZU also showed improved results of Zn contents in grains as compare to the treatment where ZnSO4 and urea was applied separately. On the other hand, with application of EZU, agronomic parameters including straw and grains ...

Nitya Salsabila, Djalal Rosyidi, Agus Susilo* 

...tion liquid smoke had no significant effect (P>0.05) on protein, ash, and organoleptic quality, could have a very significant effect (<0.01) on water, fat, and carbohydrates, and had a significant effect (P<0.05) on Aw . The best value was obtained by sonication liquid smoke for 20 minutes with Aw content of 0.65, water 40.04%, fat 9.09%, protein 29.14%, ash 0.37%, carbohydrates 2...

Lalu Ahmad Zaenuri*, Rodiah Rodiah, Adji Santoso Dradjat, Oscar Yanuarianto, I Wayan Lanus Sumadiasa , Lukman Hy 

... normal spermatozoa were significantly higher in the bucks during SGtab supplementation compared to those before supplementation. It can be concluded that SGtab supplementation in the basal diet has a positive impact on the semen quality of Kacang Bucks. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the effects of different quantities of SGtab on semen quality.  

...

Sahar Ezeldien1,2, Foromo Dramou2, Fatma M. Yousseff3*, Alexander A. Nikishov2, Sergy B Seleznev2

...ratio. Chamomile extract significantly increased serum levels of total protein and albumin while decreasing glucose level compared to the control group. Eggs of Japanese quail supplemented with chamomile extract showed a higher egg weight, egg length, albumen weight, albumen length, and yolk index. It could be concluded that the chamomile aqueous extract can positively affect the egg quality and productivity of laying Japanese quail. 
 

Ngoc Tan Nguyen1*, Tan Loi Le1, Thi Kim Ngan Vo1, Chi Hieu Do1, Tuan Thanh Hoang2, Nguyen Khang Duong3, Quang Minh Luu4

...otype laid the first egg significant earlier (P<0.05) than CT/PstI or TT/PstI genotype ducks (145.3 vs 152.3 days or 153.2 days, respectively), the total of egg number up to 38 weeks of age was higher (P<0.05) in the group of ducks with CC/PstI genotype compared to CT/PstI or TT/PstI genotype (99.3 vs 93.1 or 91.7 eggs). The average egg weight did not significant difference among genotypes (72.3, 72.2 and 70.6g; P>0...

Sukandi Sukandi1,4, Djoni Prawira Rahardja2*, Herry Sonjaya2, Hasbi Hasbi2, Sudirman Baco2, Sri Gustina3, Kirana Dara Dinanti Adiputra1

... polled Bali cattle were significantly (P<0.05) different in rectal temperature, erythrocytic counts, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit values but not in skin surface temperature, respiration rate, pulse rate, and leukocyte counts. The time factor of measurement (morning and afternoon) showed significant (P<0.05) differences in rectal temperature, skin surface temperature, respiration rate, pulse rate, erythrocyte coun...

Edwin Ormachea V1,2*, Bilo Calsin C1,2, Eyner Aguilar S3, Buenaventura Ormachea V4, Henry Gonzales C1, Yecenia M. Masias G5

...cal characteristics were significant and high. Age significantly influences morphological characteristics, showing high correlations between characters. Two principal components were obtained for sheep morphological characteristics that were evaluated according to Kaiser’s criteria, PCA 1 and PCA 2 had high values for variables related to body size and body shape. The conclusion is that morphological characteristics ca...

Munasik*, Titin Widiyastuti, Caribu Hadi Prayitno

... phosphorus, and protein significantly increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, fermentation reduced the phytic acid content to 90.83% at 1.5% Na-glutamate and 15% red oncom mushroom level. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that the quality of cassava-tofu dreg mixture can be enhanced through fermentation using red oncom mushrooms enriched with Na-glutamate. This approach can increase the sustainability of feed availability and reduce the dependence on co...

Bambang Hartoyo1*, Tri Rachmanto Prihambodo1,2, Wahyuningsih3, Sri Rahayu1, Fransisca Maria Suhartati1, Muhamad Bata1, Efka Aris Rimbawanto1

...ential feed additive had significant influence (p<0.05) to improve performance such as average daily gain (50.28 g), average feed intake (93.57 g) and feed conversion ratio (1.91) of broilers in ameliorate condition of digestive tract by decreasing the amount of Escherichia coli. Due to pathogen bacteria decrease, the histologic structures of digestive tract encounter improvement through minimizing damage of villus. In conclusion, lactobacillus supplementat...

Mahpara Fida Ahmed1, Abdul Hanan2* and Sher Ahmed2

...her results indicated no significant differences among the parameters recorded for the row to row and plant to plant spacing experiment except for total flower production where the highest production (162.3) was recorded in 15 cm spacing. The results also indicated that corms with a weight of 8-11 g are suitable for sowing while below 8 g are not suitable for flower production of saffron.

...

Nawfal Hammadi Jasim1, Yasmeen Jassim Mohammed2 , Jala Amir Salman Alahmed1, Majdy Faisal Majeed3* 

...f ALT in the blood serum significantly increased in groups 1 and 2 of MPH-treated rats, meanwhile, the ratio of AST remained unchanged significantly in Group 1. In the liver, MDA and GSH-PX rates were significantly increased (P≤0.05) in 1 and 2 groups compared to the 3 groups (the control), while SOD level significantly rises only in Group 2, also d...

Saima Mehar1, Amtul Sami2 and Erum Iqbal3*

... sativa (BeOH) had a non-significant difference in nematotoxic impact (90.0±10.3, 88.0±7.2 mortality %, respectively) in 1% concentration. According to decreasing order, MeOH>BuOH>Chloroform>ether >Hexane, all fractionates showed positive reactivity and potential.

...

Pawinee Kingkan1, Thanathip Supcharoenkul1, Chaowit Rakangthong1, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak1, Komwit Surachat2,3, Wiriya Loongyai1* 

...ry pigs, and there was a significantly increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the Amox-Phage group. Concurrently, the Amox-Phage group showed an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae in the caecum. The results of this study indicate that the bacteriophage cocktail has the potential to alter the abundance of intestinal microbiota without increasing the incidence of diarrhea or negatively affecting growth. Hence, a bacteriophage cockt...

Md. Rashedul Islam1, Abul Farah Md. Hasanuzzaman1*, Md. Latiful Islam2, Ghausiatur Reza Banu1 

...s were statistically non-significant (p>0.05). While, most of the components along the larval production line had significantly (p<0.05) varied Vibrio counts for different batches. Larval feeds were found mostly contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, especially with pathogenic Vibrio in the production line of the hatchery; hence, special biosecurity measures are needed in this particular component to substantially redu...

Rukhsana Anwar1*, Muhammad Usman Khalil1 and Kanwal Ashiq1,2

...est doses of the extract significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (96.75±3.9 mmHg and 104±3.8 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (73.12±5.2 mmHg and 65.37±8.2 mmHg), mean arterial blood pressure (81±4.1 mmHg and 78.25±6.7 mmHg), and heart rate (370±33.9 beats/min and 298.25±19.1 beats/min) respectively as compared to hypertensive rats. Sub-acute study results showed that the extract

Javeria Khourshid*, Ghulam Abbas, Shahnaz Rashid, Asma Fatima* and Abdul Malik

...wed that WG and SGR were significantly higher in T1, in which we applied Oxy Aqua organic® product without aeration than T2, whereas no significant difference (p>0.05) was found in FCR between treatments. No mortality was occurring during the whole experimental period. Comparative growth analysis of both fish species revealed that OxyAqua organic is highly suitable for enhancing the biological performance of fish in c...

Muhammad Zeeshan Siddiqui1, Mujahid Ali2*, Shoaib ur Rehman3, Shahid Iqbal4, Malik Abdur Rehman5, Hafiz M. Tayyab Khan4, Muhammad Ali6, Muhammad Azher Nawaz4 and Saqib Ayyub1

...cted genotypes displayed significantly dissimilar responses toward the concentration of sodium ions according to their genetic potential. Various agronomic traits and physiological traits along with seedlings’ ionic content of sodium, phosphorous, potassium, and sodium in leaves revealed that ‘Round ball’ has better NaCl tolerance ability compared with other genotypes used in this study. The highest ionic sodium concentration (10.34 µg ...

Asim Zubair1*, Ayesha Aziz2, Ghulam Akbar Malik3, Iffat Batool4 and Zohaib Atta Mehdie5

...ver the world contribute significantly to both the growth and stability of rural regions as well as to agricultural production. Rural men and women both contribute significantly to the agriculture business, including cottage industries, animal production, and crop production. For this research data was gathered from 100 female respondents using random sampling technique. The data that had been gathered, was examined using SP...

Bahlouli Fayçal1*, Chourghal Nacira2, Salamani Amel3, Benaini Mohammed4, Maamri Khelifa2, Kachaou Cherifa5, Djaballah Melak5, Atek Younes6 and Aissat Fares6

... has many varieties with significant phenotypic diversity. In our work we studied 6 varieties: Azéradj, Frontoio, Neb Djmel, Limli, Sigoise and Chemlal, at the level of the area of El-Annasser, wilaya of Bordj-Bou-Arréridj, this study is based on phenological, physiological and agronomic characterizations established by COI (1997).The results obtained indicate that the large number of stomata in the leaves of the Azeradj variety (1.22 stomata/1mm...

Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Monday Eneojo Akor1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Zainab Penninah Ochada1, Ugbane Eleojo Okolo2, Benjamin Mudi Idache3, Andrew Isiramen4, Julius Akor Omatola5 and Moses Adaji David6

...ere was no statistically significant correlation (P>0.05). The rate of HIV/TB co-infection, though low in this study, could worsen the clinical outcomes in affected patients. Therefore, there should be increased public health awareness of TB and HIV transmission and prevention in the study area. 

...

Aamir Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Summer, Ali Haidar Gormani, Saira Nawaz and Ayesha Muzamil

... of pain. These extracts significantly decreased edema in mice paw. The level of TLC and RBCs was increased to normal. Platelets level was also increased in mice treated with mulberry leaves extracts. Furthermore, these extracts significantly reduced the inflammatory pain and licking response triggered by injection of formalin in mice paw. These findings showed that the hot water extracts of leaves of these two plant species...

Tasew Getu1*, Wassu Mohammed2, Awol Seid3, Tesfamariam Mekete4 and Bekele Kassa

...s and their interactions significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the development of MI, RS, and impacted potato yield. The cultivar Gudenie had the lowest mean value (2.2) of MI reproduction factor with drip irrigation amended with VC. Belete registered the lowest mean values of galls (6.6) and eggmasses (7.0) per root system and tuber, and RS final colonies (2.6 × 105) with same treatment. The presence of VC greatly increased tuber yield, and Guassa and Bu...

Hafiz Muhammad Walayat Ali1, Hafiz Basheer Ahmad1*, Zaheer Ahmad Nazar2, Muhammad Akhlaq Mudassir1, Mahmood-Ul-Hasan1, Abdul Khaliq1 and Muhammad Shahzad Afzal1

...sis of variance revealed significant variations in cane weight, sugar recovery and smut incidence for both years. During the evaluation 84 and 80 clones were found resistant to smut in plant and ratoon crop respectively. Principal component analysis showed that first eigenvalue was equal to (1.78) and represented that (35.6%) of the total variation. The 2nd eigenvalue (1.077) and represented of the total variation (57.2%) for the crop plant. For the ratoon cro...

Imtiaz Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad1, Ahmad ur Rahman Saljoqi1, Shah Alam Khan1, Javed Khan3 and Muhammad Azim Khan2

...s and nymphs/adults) was significantly positive, the correlation of P. perpusilla (eggs clusters and nymphs/adults) with cane length was non-significant but positive while negative non-significant correlation was found between P. perpusilla (eggs clusters and nymphs/adults) population and cane diameter. The population of P. perpusilla on sugarcane variety CPF-249 was comparatively less whi...

Asmaa A. Darwish*, Adel M. El-Kattan, Mona A. Mahmoud, Mohamed T. Ragab, Amani A. Hafez 

...p and goat resulted in a significant (P˂0.05) increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins (APPs), free radicals, cortisol, growth hormone, and TSH concentrations and a significant (P˂0.05) decline in the anti-inflammatory cytokine, anti-oxidants, insulin, T3, and T4 levels. The iron profile of infected animals was characterized by a significant (P˂0.05) hypoferremia...

Abdulaziz A. Alaqil

...nvestigation displayed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the productive performance traits, including the total feed intake, final body weight (FBW), BW gain, and feed conversion ratio in the EC group by approximately 7.7, 22.5, 30.6, and 33.3%, respectively, relative to the group C. The spleen, thymus, and bursa indexes as relative weights of FBW were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by approximately 16%, 20%, a...

Thekra Fadel Saleh, Omar Younis Altaey*

...a in Muscovy duck play a significant role in microbial digestion and immunological functionality and Insight into caecal morphology enhance bird’s productivity and health.
 
Keywords | Biochemical, Food security, Histology, Histochemistry, Histomorphometry, Muscovy ducks
...
Nasir Ali Tauqir1*, Asim Faraz2, Abdul Waheed2, Ayman Balla Mustafa3, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh4, Michela Pugliese5 and Shahid Nazir6
... and total proteins were significantly affected by methionine supplementation. Blood urea nitrogen was lower in buffaloes fed ration containing higher level of methionine. The highest triglycerides (15.40 mg/dl) were observed in buffaloes fed ration containing higher amount of methionine as compared to those fed rations containing lower amount of methionine. Total protein was also higher (8.27 g/dl) in animals fed ration containing higher level of methionine w...

Navjot Hothi 

...rld, and this provides a significant economic contribution to small-scale farmers. The summer and monsoon months of 2022 witnessed a sudden spurge across 14 states and 1 union territory in India, with a spread spanning 251 districts and 43,759 epicenters. Around 2.4 million cattle were affected in India, and 0.11 million cattle succumbed to the disease. The 10 most affected states have been analyzed for mortality and morbidity. The mortality rate in different ...

Md Tariqul Islam1,5 *, Aditya Chowdhury Avi1,5, Md Saiful Bari2,5, Most Rebeka Sultana Swapna Khandoker3, Homaira Pervin Heema4, Goutam Buddha Das1 

...he result showed that no significant variations were observed in survival rate, feed conversion ratio, or carcass yield within the broiler trial groups even fed potatoes 40% replacing maize according to the findings. In diets that contain potato meals, the percentage of fat was also lower, which could be advantageous for health. It was concluded that the substitution of maize with potato meals in the diets of broilers may be up to 40% without causing any delet...

Meltem Kızıl1*, Ali Rişvanlı2, Murat Abay3, Tarık Şafak4, Mehmet Akif Kılınç5, Öznur Yılmaz6, Burak Fatih Yüksel1 and İbrahim Şeker1

...id not lead to any other significant changes. The irisin levels of the calves in the vaginal delivery group were compared to those in the other groups, and their levels were found to decrease on the 15th day, and IGF-1 levels were higher on the 15th day. As a result, it was revealed that there were significant changes in the levels of these molecules in the umbilical cord and blood serum of cows and calves depending on the m...

Suleman Irfan1*, Masood Rabbani1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Sehrish Firyal2 and Arfat Yousaf Shaheen1

...d 3.60, respectively and significant (p < 0.05) results were obtained. The mean log values of total coliform counts in meat samples were 2.7, 2.31 and 2.11, respectively. E. coli was predominant 73% in coliform count of all samples. Salmonella was found in 3.75% of samples in which retail poultry shops showed 10%, supermarkets showed 10%. While, processed meat was found negative for Salmonella. The mean log values of total viable counts of feed samples of s...

Khalil1*, Dwi Ananta1, Andri Bachtiar2, Hermon3

...tored rice straw gave no significant effects on cattle performances. The results suggested that wrapping was the most appropriate method to maintain the moisture, and nutrient content of supplemented rice straw during storage.
 
Keywords | Calcined mineral, Physical appearance, Rice straw storage, Supplemented rice straw, Pesisir cattle
...

Rameez Raja Kaleri1,2*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri1, Raza Ali Mangi3, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptan4, Sana Noor5, Zainab Lanjar6, Hubdar Ali Kolachi7 Abdul Wahid Solangi1 and Sheva Dari1

...s showed a statistically significant influence of sex, breed, and birth type on the live body weight for all age categories (P< 0.05). Variations in twining were also observed significantly higher between the two breeds (P< 0.05). It is suggests that the economic traits of both the Rakhshani and Harnai breeds can be improved through better management, effective breeding plans, and proper selection. This could lead to b...

Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Waqar Younus1, Qaiser Shakeel3, Yasir Iftikhar2*, Sonum Bashir2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2 and Azhar Hussain1

...aks. Herein, we describe significant diseases and pests that are catastrophic to GB’s crops in the future. In addition, this review shows how diseases and pests impact the yields of GB’s crops.

...

Mohamed Adam1*, Hassan Sobhy2, Mohamed Abouzid3, Dalia Elhafny4 and El-Desouki Ibrahim5

...n of all tested products significantly reduced the nematodes populations in soil compared with the untreated control in both trails. Among chemical and bio-nematicides, there was no significant differences in their control potential towards M. incognita. The best bionematicide was Taglis causing over 85% reduction while the best chemical nematicide was Nemacab with over 94% reduction in nematode populations after two months ...

Lu Xie1,2,3,4,5, Ye Gu1,2,3,4, Qiang Liu1,2,3,4, Hongzhang Shen1,2,3,4, Yifeng Zhou1,2,3,4, Jiangfeng Yang1,2,3,4, Xiaofeng Zhang1,2,3,4* and Jinyu Huang1,5*

...s by GEPIA supported the significant roles of SET7/9 and E2F1 in the progression of HCC. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the SET7/9-E2F1 axis is involved in the regulation of cell cycle, DNA repair and replication, and gene transcription. Our results implicated the potential of SET7/9 in combination with E2F1 as novel therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma.

...

Munir Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Riaz Hussain2* and Rifat Ullah Khan3*

...emical parameters showed significantly (p < .05) higher concentrations of liver biochemical profile, biomarkers of kidneys, triglyceride, glucose, and cholesterol in fish treated with pesticide. Histopathological examination showed renal tubular degeneration, widening of Bowman’s space and necrosis in kidneys. Different histopathological lesions in liver of treated test specimens including edema, hemorrhages, atrophy of hepatocyte and hepatocyte havin...

Imtiaz Kashani and Sher Khan Panhwar*

...achi fish harbors showed significant taxonomic variability. An eigenvalue 7.251 and canonical correlation 0.937 among four groups was appraised from PCI whereas Wilks’ Lambda test of function λ = 0.27 was significant at P <0.05. The highest variance percentage was the most correlated among the groups defined by total length, girth, 2nd dorsal fin, pectoral fin rays, eye dia, snout to extended gill cover and h...
Guo-Hai Wang1,2,3, Chuang-Bin Tang1, Yuan-Xin Yang1, Yan-Ling Huang1, Wei-Ning Tan4, Qi-Hai Zhou3* and Chang-Hu Lu2*
.... Seed survival rate was significantly affected by leaf litter (P<0.001). Finally, as all the seeds were completely consumed or removed by rodents, we deduced that leaf litter coverage only prolonged the seed survival time of K. septentrionalis but did not improve seed survival rate. Our results indicate that the higher predation rate of seeds by rodents may be the main reason for the endangerment of this plant.

...

Aditya Chowdhury Avi1,4*, Md Tariqul Islam1,4, Md Saiful Bari2,4, Rebeka Sultana Swapna Khandoker3, Goutam Buddha Das1 

...and FCR of broilers were significantly higher in the 2% and 3% FO-supplemented groups. Data for cost-benefit analysis revealed significantly increased net profit in FO-treated groups. However, abdominal fat increased linearly with increasing levels of FO supplementation. The serum HDL level was increased, whereas cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels were significantly decreased with i...

Saba Yasin, Kausar Imran, Komal Mukhtar, Muhammad Amir Iqbal and Nabila Roohi*

...nterpretation. There was significant increase in Alanine Aminotransferae (ALT), Alanine Phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin in painters as compared to control group. However, Aspartate Aminotransferae (AST) was mildly increased in painters. Creatinine and urea exhibited significant elevation in painters as compared to controls. Conclusively, long-term exposure to paints and associated chemicals may lead to severe hepatic a...

Indri Juliyarsi1*, Sri Melia1, Rizki Dwi Setiawan1, Deni Novia1, Lailatul Anshor2, Tomi Candra2 

...a calyx extract led to a significant difference (P<0.05) in color (redness), antioxidant activity, and color sensory attributes, but did not affect the moisture content, aroma, and flavor (P>0.05). The greater the amount of rosella extract added, the higher the a* value of the color attribute (redness), which gives a deeper red color to the whey edible film. Increasing the concentration of rosella added to the whey edible film also increased antioxidant ...

Sarwat Yousuf1, Shaista Emad2 , Mohammad Misbah ur Rehman3, Zehra Batool4, Sara Qadeer5, Yousra Sarfaraz1, Sheeza Sheikh1, Sana Sadaf6 and Tahira Perveen1,*

...rticosterone levels were significantly decreased following the administration of a low dose of lemon peel oil. However, rats administered with higher doses of lemon peel oil that act as prooxidants showed depression and anxiety-like effects, and impaired muscular strength. Altered brain antioxidant enzyme activity and elevated corticosterone in plasma were also observed in rats treated with a high dose of lemon peel oil. The present study demonstrates that a l...

Amina Rahat1, Zahin Anjum1*, Sehlina Zehra2, Fatima Umal Baneen3 and Rabia Chishti1

... infections due to their significant antibacterial activity. Additionally, Different fractions of the A. sativum, P. ovata, N. sativa were prepared anad analyzed for antibacterial, insecticidal and antifungal activities. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that almost all the plant extracts showed potential antibacterial, insecticidal and antifungal activities against different microbes.

...

Ahmad Noor and Malik Muhammad Shafi*

...encies showed positively significant impact on the groundwater level as climate factor and decline in rainfall showed significant positive effect. Groundwater was also highly significant and positively affected by the rising temperatures as the respective coefficient was 4.19 and p-value was 0.000. Delay in seasons showed significant and positive effect....

Salvator Minani1,2*, Eric Nsengiyumva1, Anatole Bigirimana1,2, Arnaud Cubahiro1,2, Dieudonné Ntakirutimana1,2 and Vénuste Bizoza1,2

... goats was statistically significant (OR= 4.60 (95% CI: 1.57-13.46), χ2 = 7.345, p = 0.007). The result of this study confirmed the presence of fascioliasis in domestic ruminants in Burundi. Further studies assessing the epidemiology and socio-economic impacts of fascioliasis as well as the ecology of snails and larval fluke transmission in the definitive host should be conducted in Burundi. Effective control methods of liver flukes for intermediate and de...

Chairdin Dwi Nugraha1, Rafika Febriani Putri1, Ari Ardiantoro2, Wike Andre Septian1, Ahmad Furqon3, Kuswati Kuswati1, Nashi Widodo4, Suyadi Suyadi1* 

... process, and especially significant changes are seen after freezing than after cooling. This research analyzed the effect of genistein supplementation in the basic diluent of tris-aminomethane on the quality of spermatozoa. Bulls aged 3–4 years used in this research. This research used an experimental method to examine the effect of genistein levels in the diluent on the characteristics of spermatozoa during pre-freezing at 4–5 0C and post-thawing...

Eliseo Pelagio Fernández Ruelas1, Ali William Canaza-Cayo2,3*, Francisco Halley Rodriguez Huanca1, Uri Harold Perez Guerra1, Roxana Churata-Huacani3, Tales Jesus Fernandes3, Ysabel Mendoza Aguilar1 

...OL. The results showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on productive parameters like feed intake, live weight and feed conversion ratio at MOL2.5. Egg quality characteristics like whole egg weight and egg albumen weight, were improved (P<0.05) at MOL2.5 and MOL4.5, whereas higher (P<0.01) eggshell weight was observed only at MOL2.5. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the average egg weight/week and egg...

Luigi Liotta1, Vincenzo Lopreiato1, Fariborz Asroosh2 and Alireza Seidavi2*

...nalysis to determine the significant differences between species/breeds. The acidity, density and fat in Talesh sheep’s milk was higher than milk from other species/breeds (P<0.01). Also, the amount of protein in Talesh sheep’s milk was significantly higher (P<0.05) than all animals tested with the exception of Talesh buffalo milk. The pH of Saanen goat’s milk was higher than the pH of milk from all o...
Daud Khan1, Naila Chand1, Muhammad Saeed2, Muhammad Tahir3, Alam Zeb4 and Rifat Ullah Khan5*
...dressing percentage were significantly (P<0.05) higher in infected +SN100 compared to positive control. Fecal E. coli count was similar in infected + SN100 and infected + SN150. The pH in gizzard and small intestine was similar (p>0.05) in infected + SN100 and infected + enrofloxacin, however, it was significantly (p<0.01) different from infected + SN150. Villus height, crypt depth, goblet cells and epithelial thick...

Xiaoyan Yang1* and Xiuli Xu2

...s showed a statistically significant difference (CI=1.165-8.551, OR=4.5, P=0.005). The frequency of influenza-like infections in both sexes was higher in the case group than the control group (men CI = 1.032-6.742, OR = 3.8, P = 0.002 and women CI = 1.102-11.155, OR = 5.7, P = 0.003). The influenza-like test was more than twice as positive in the case group as in the control group. Therefore, influenza-like infection is a risk factor for heart attack and getti...

Ayesha Anwar, Sadia Aslam and Nauman Khalid*

...ein content. There was a significant difference between the pH values of cooked and uncooked patties from different treatments. Increased lipid oxidation content was observed in cooked and uncooked patties containing different concentrations of emulsions, together with non-significant difference in values of water holding capacity and cooking yield among different treatments. A slightly higher scores were obtained for sensor...

Trinil Susilawati1*, Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti1, Amir Firdaus2, Dinda Ayu Damayanti2, Rizki Prafitri1, Nanang Febrianto1, Kuswati1, Achadiah Rachmawati1, Sri Wahjuningsih1, Nurul Isnaini1 

...lculated using the least significant different testing. The results showed that NRR-1 was 83.75% and 85%, while NRR-2 was 62.5% and 68.75% on T1 and T2, respectively. Furthermore, the failure of AI was mainly caused by repeat breeders, which were 28.75% on T1 and T2. It consists of 95.65% and 87.5% of normal ovaries, Corpus luteum persistent at 4.35% and 8.34%, and ovarian hypo function at 0% and 4.16% in T1 and T2, respectively. In conclusion, Artificial Inse...

Dalia M. Amin1*, Noha Mohammed Halloull1, Walaa E. Omar2, Basma A. Ibrahim2, Nahla M. Ibrahim1 

...tinine levels as well as significant pathological alterations as tubular injury and infltration of infammatory cells. Elevated TGF1, pERK1/2, and pSTAT3 levels were also present. Bcl-2 levels were down while p53 levels were up. All of the detected adenine-induced biochemical and histological alterations were reduced by erlotinib and Garcinia cambogia. Conclusions: we concluded that oral administration of erlotinib and garcinia cambogia may be able to reduce th...

Siswanto Imam Santoso*, Agus Setiadi, Wahyu Dyah Prastiwi 

...nd technological factors significantly affect production. Social factors, egg processing, technology, and production significantly affect sustainability. To improve the sustainability of duck farming, it is necessary to increase the role of the farmer association, apply feed processing technology, diversify duck egg processing and boost technical efficiency in regard to increasing duck egg production. Focusing on these effor...

Abdulaziz A. Alaqil*

...sts the poultry business significantly in lost revenue. This investigation was carried out to determine the beneficial effects of dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) on laying hens exposed to endotoxic shock induced by intravenously injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). A total of one hundred twenty, 40-week-old, laying hens from the Hy-line breed were allocated at random into four groups of 30 hens each. For eight consecutive weeks (40–48 weeks of ...

Samin Ullah1, Huma Rizwana1, Abdul Kabir1,2*, Atique Ahmed Behan1, Muhammad Naeem1, Ghulam Shabbir Barham1, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Anees ur Rahman1, Naseeb Ullah1 and Shafiq ur Rahman Shah1

...ife of calves, which has significant implications for their long-term growth and development.

...

Muhammad Hasnain1*, Muhammad Hussnain Babar1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Kashif Nadeem2, Sajid Nadeem3, Muhammad Akram4, Ali Raza4, Mussurrat Hussain5, Qaisar Abbas5 and Muhammad Shahid4

...prayer. Results showed a significant mite reductionby allacaricides as compared to control. Among the tested acaricides, hexythiazon 10% WP (Nissorun) gave the highest reduction of mites (i.e., 41.42, 55.56 and 37.90%) after 3, 5, and 7 days of first spray, respectively. Similarly, after second spray, hexythiazon 10% WP (Nissorun) again gave maximum reduction (i.e., 41.65, 39.33 and 16.40%) of T. urticae at 3, 5 and 7 days, respectively. 

...

Altaf Ur Rahman1, Muhammad Ajmal Khan2*, Ali Hazrat3, Awais Farid4, Muhammad Yahya3* and Inam Ullah5

...howed that extract had a significant effect on antioxidant activity. Therefore, the present study supports the effectiveness of methanolic leaf extract of C. jacquemontii in traditional medicine and may be investigated further for mode of action on molecular basis.

...

Abdullah*, Imtiaz Khan, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim and Muhammad Fawad

...er to highlight the most significant and challenging weeds of the chickpea crop in the southern regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, during the Rabi season 2022. Five chickpea growing regions were selected in chickpea growing area of district Karak. The quadrate method was used to determine the relative weed density. The data were recorded on density (%), relative density (%), frequency (%), relative frequency (%) and importance value of weed species. The ...

Abdur Rauf1*, Muhammad Jawad1, Farooq Jan1, Muhammad Qayash2, Muhammad Yasin4, Samrin Gul5, Wisal Khan3, Ikramullah Khan1, Farkhanda Bibi1, Wajid Khan6, Tanweer Kumar6, Muhammad Arif6 and Khilwat Afridi7

...e environment revealed a significant difference (P ≥ 0.01) for all the parameters i.e., days to heading, days interval, plant height, flag leaf area, tillers m-2, spike length, spikelet spike-1, grain spike-1, thousand grain weight, grain yield and biological yield across three planting dates i.e., early, normal, and late respectively. Differences between wheat genotypes and genotype-environment interaction were also highly signific...

Shujaullah Khan1, Zahid Hussain1*, Haroon Khan1 and Omer Suha Uslu2

...ts. The treatments had a significant effect on the performance of wheat crop and also on the weed control. The HW treatment was statistically the most significant in terms of reduction in weed density m-2, weed abundance and weed frequency. Plant height of wheat crop and number of grains spike-1 were non-significantly affected by the applied treatments. However, the tallest plants and the ...

Abdur Rauf1*, Muhammad Sadiq1, Farooq Jan1, Muhammad Qayash2, Wisal Khan3, Ikramullah Khan1, Khilwat Afridi4, Muhammad Shuaib5, Muhammad Khalid6 and Samrin Gul7

...lysis of variance showed significant differences for all the mentioned parameters (P ≤ 0.05). In local germplasms, all parameters revealed significant results excluding the 1000-grain weight, while the exotic germplasms also showed significant genetic variation except spikelets per spike and 1000-grain weight. The local varieties took more time for days to heading (Paseena-17, 147.7 day...

Zaki Al-Hasawi1* and Reda Hassanine2

...ding concentrations were significantly high in the polluted site. Mean concentrations of other metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn) in water, sediment and fish liver samples from polluted site were significantly much higher than those from the unpolluted one. In contaminated fishes from polluted site, mean levels of blood biochemical parameters, serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT), serum glucose, triglycerides and urea were

Zaki Al-Hasawi1* and Reda Hassanine2

...ding concentrations were significantly high in the polluted site. Mean concentrations of other metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn) in water, sediment and fish liver samples from polluted site were significantly much higher than those from the unpolluted one. In contaminated fishes from polluted site, mean levels of blood biochemical parameters, serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT), serum glucose, triglycerides and urea were

M.A.M.M. Shehab-El-Deen1,2*, S.A. Al-Dobaib1 and K.A. Al-Sobayil1

...hereas oleic acid had no significant effects. The results of the present study concluded that compromised oocyte microenvironment by metabolic stressor such as high NEFAs concentrations which is the situation during the negative energy balance that are happened post-partum in dairy cows could decrease the quality of preimplantation embryos as indicated by the incidence of apoptosis.

...

Qi Zhuo, Yuanchun Yao, Meisongzhu Yang* and Jinhua Chen and Miao Tian

...feration rate died down, significantly lower than that in CON and DGT groups (p<0.05). Cells migration and invasion results in all groups showed that after cells were transfected with trangelin gene, the number of migrated cells decreased significantly lower than in CON and DGT groups (p<0.05). Cells invasion results showed that after cells were  transfected with tranglin gene, the number of invasion cells decreas...

Beenish Shahid1* and Muhammad Ijaz Khan2

...E2+rhFSH showed a highly significant increase in the diameter and maturation of oocytes (P<0.0001), as a greater number of the oocytes progressed to the metaphase II stage, and a lower proportion of the oocytes became degenerated (P<0.0001) after 24 h of incubation. The supplementation of medium with E2+rhFSH+hCG or E2+rhFSH+hCG+insulin also showed a significant increase in the meiotic maturation rate after 24 h (P<...

Fuji Astuty Auza1*, Sri Purwanti2, Jasmal A. Syamsu2, Asmuddin Natsir2, Rusli Badaruddin1, Deki Zulkarnain1, La Ode Muh. Munadi1 

... of village chicken feed significantly (P<0.05) increased growth performance, live weight, carcass weight, carcass weight percentage, abdominal fat mass, abdominal fat percentage, and the digestibility of crude fat. Furthermore, BSF treatments increased (P=0.09) digestibility of crude protein and fiber. Based on these results, BSF larvae flour was recommended as an alternative protein source to replace fish meal in the diet of village chicken. 

...

Rizki Palupi*, Arfan Abrar, Fitri Nova Liya Lubis, Yuni Kurniati, Bianca Ikriza Octa Nadia Putri 

...cated that the CCI had a significant (P<0.05) effect on nutrient digestibility, hematological status and malondialdehyde levels in blood of broiler chicken. The CCI at a level of 10% in the ration increased hemoglobin levels by 17.09% and reduces malondialdehyde levels by 14.28% in broiler blood compared to commercial feed (control group). The results suggested that combination of cassava tubers and indigofera leaves (CCI) at a level of 10% could be used in...

Luh Gde Sri Surya Heryani1*, Ni Luh Eka Setiasih1, Ni Nyoman Werdi Susari1, I Made Merdana1, I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Tri Laksana2, I Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan2 

...ht, and chest width were significantly different (p<0.05) between male and female Bali pigs. In addition, the main characteristics of size for this specie include hip height, rump length, body length, shoulder height, chest width, and head width and length, while that of the shape include chest and hip-width
 

...

Salman Ahmad1*, Muhammad Asim1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2, Muhammad Atiq3, Yasir Ali4, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad5, Malik Abdul Rehman6 and Naeem Akhtar7

... respectively. There was significant and positive correlation between ACP population and CG on kinnow, musambi and feutrell’s early cultivars. Maximum and minimum temperatures and rainfall also showed positive and significant correlation with CG, while relative humidity showed not significant correlation with CG. During current study, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and rain...

Sarfraz Ahmad1, Mian Anjum Murtaza1,* and Kashif Akram1,2

... showed that there was a significant impact of added hydrocolloids (inulin and resistant starch) and their concentrations on the meltabilty, stretchability, hardness and yield of low fat mozzarella cheese. On the basis of functional parameters, cheese samples with inulin @ 0.4% and resistant starch @ 1.0% exhibited the best results. Hence, it was concluded that the addition of inulin @ 0.4% and/or resistant starch @ 1.0% as fat replacers revealed the exception...

Abiyu Tadele 1,2*, Gebreyohannes Berhane2, Wondmeneh Esatu3

...The Tetra H genotype had significantly greater (p < 0.05) body weight, feed consumption, hen-housed egg production, egg mass, and a lower (better) feed conversion ratio than the other genotypes. Similarly, the naked-neck chicken genotype outperformed the normal-feathered chicken in terms of age at first egg, body weight, egg number per bird, hen-housed egg output, and egg mass. Furthermore, Tetra H had a 29.8% higher body weight at the first egg and a 20.72...

Supawadee Piratae1*, Noraphat Khiewkham2, Nattawut Maungmungkun2, Chanakan Tippornwong2, Tossapol Seerintra2, Sirikanda Thanasuwan3, Luyen Thi Phung4 

...ection with E. canis was significantly related to hematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and platelet levels (p < 0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in white blood cell (WBC) and platelet levels between A. platys-infected and uninfected groups (p < 0.05). The results confirmed that E. canis and A. platys pathogens are circulating in dog populations in Thailand....

Sumbul Zulfiqar and A.G. Rizwana*

... They consist of all the significant nutriments that are very necessary for human health. Diseases in fishes caused by invasion of parasite especially due to Philometra species is considered very much problematic in fish culture and aqua tilling. There are number of complications in fishes that arose due to presences of Philometra sp. Presence of these parasites directly affect fish reproduction and ultimately decline their populace. This research work was don...

Yuliaty*, Brigida A. Correia, LigiaT. Correia, Joao Americo, Mateus Da Cruz De Carvalho, Joana da C. Freitas 

...(72,87 leaves/plant) and significantly different (P<0,05) to A0, A1 A2. The highest height was at A3 (94,72 cm) significantly different with A0, A1, and A2. The highest biomass production was A3 (1,70 kg/plant) not different (P>0,05) with A2 but significantly different with A0 and A1. The highest seed production was A3 (0,60 kg/plant) no different to A2 but had

Selvaraj Thanga Malathi¹, Venkatraman Anuradha1*, Mohamed Yacoob Syed Ali2, Muhameed Sajjad Sarwar3, Nagarajan Yogananth2

... FT4 and TSH tested were significantly decreased in treated groups when compared to the normal. Thus, it is evident that determination of thyroid hormone secretion and histological studies (FESEM – field emission scanning electron microscopy) were useful in determining the effect of trace metal pollution and its effect in freshwater fish species. 
 
Novelty Statement | The study is based on t...

Yoshio Hamano1*, Yasuji Kurimoto2 

...ts remained constant. No significant interaction between LIP and AWP was detected in the free amino or fatty acid profiles in the ante- and post-mortem breast muscles. AWP reduced total and glucogenic free amino acid concentrations in antemortem breast muscle. LIP decreased total fatty acid concentrations and monounsaturated fatty acid components. In post-mortem breast muscle, the effects observed in antemortem muscle disappeared. In contrast, AWP increased a ...

Muhammad Shoaib Azeem1, Hafiz Qadeer Ahmed2,3*, Adil Shahzad2,4, Umar Farooq2,5, Ghayyoor Ahmad6, Muhammad Yaqoob3, Jamal Nasir1

...ts showed that age had a significant effect on the percentage of retail cuts, with two-teeth animals (male or female) having higher values than milk teeth animals. When comparing different age groups, the retail cuts in two teeth male goats showed higher percentages for forelimb (19.78% vs 17.09%), neck (9.96% vs 8.48%), ribs (7.31% vs 6.02%), breast (7.06% vs 5.57%), shoulder (15.46% vs 12.97%), chops (12.73% vs 10.61%), hind limb (37.34% vs 30.48%), flank (5...

Zia Gul1, Muhammad Sajid1, Muhammad Noman Khan1*, Faheem ul Haq1, Zohra Nawaz1, Muhammad Bakhtiar2, Sajid Siddique1, Komal Aslam3 and Muhammad Irshad1

...and irrigation intervals significantly affected most of the growth and yield parameter of Aloe vera plant. However, irrigation intervals exhibited the highest leaves (number) (9.9) plant-1, plant height (34.5 cm), leaf length (36.8cm), leaf area (173.5 cm2), leaf breadth (4.0 cm), leaf thickness (3.1 cm) leaf weight (181.3 g), number of suckers (5.5) plant-1, amount of gel (149.3 g) leaf-1, and survival percentage (80.8) was recorded when plants were irrigated...

Akbar Hayat1*, Muhammad Asim1*, Tehseen Ashraf2, Ehsan-Ul-Haque1, Rabia Zulifqar2, Maryam Nasir3, Ahmed Raza1, Fahim Khadija1, Sohaib Afzal1 and Shafqat Ali1

...ing media concentrations significantly influenced all the growth parameters of rough lemon citrus rootstock. The growing substances comprising Soil + silt + sand (2:1:1), and Rice husk + sand + soil (2:1:1), shows the prominently significant impact on rough lemon, in contrast to others media. In this experiment, an eight-month-old seedling of uniform height were used. The container was a 14′′x8′′ size...

Kazi Afsana Homayra Orchy1, Mst. Antora Akter1, Nelema Yesmin1, Md. Moshiur Rahman Khan1, Marzia Rahman2, Md. Mahmudul Alam1* 

...d morphological features significantly earlier than those of group B which was confirmed in the histological analysis of biopsy sample. Regarding the liver and kidney functions, the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) and kidney function biomarkers (creatinine, BUN) showed a significant increase in burn patients of the saline-treated control animals, whereas, the animals treated with hPRP exhibited the normal r...

Walaa I. Mohameden1, Haidy G. Abdel-Rahman2, Ibrahim M. Hegab3* 

..., TNF-α, and MMP-9 significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. Furthermore, buffalo calves showed significant ( P < 0.05) increases in both ingestive and locomotor activities, while grooming and lateral recumbency significantly (P < 0.05) declined. Mineral supplementation had a favorable effect on animal skin, health conditions, and antioxidant activity, as well as it has a minimiz...

Ayoub Hadjeb1,2*, Ismahane Lebbouz3 and Yasmine Adjami4

...ood showed a very highly significant difference (RRI,RGR, ECD and ICE: P <0.0001; AD: P <0.0004) between larvae fed by the dates of the three varieties of dates (Deglet Nour, Mech Dagla and Ghars).We have determined the influence of different food substrates on biological parameters of dates moth. While the nutritional quality of the three varieties of dates has no effect on the fertility of females and eggs. The control of this pest requires knowledge o...

Dajun Su1, Tao Deng2* and Mingshui Xie2

... cancer SKOV-3 cells was significantly up-regulated and the expression of miR-761 was significantly down-regulated; compared with the miR-NC group, the expression level of miR-761 in SKOV3 cells was significantly increased in the miR-761 group; after LOXL1-AS1 interference, SKOV3 cell proliferation and colony formation were significantly decreased. miR-7...

Amna Mushtaq, Asia Bibi* and Nahid Kausar

...ne (55.4% vs. 10.7%) was significantly high in PCOS women as compared to controls (p<0.001). Infertility was significantly linked to psychotic implications and PCOS female (p<0.001). So, infertile PCOS patients were more depressed and anxious as compared to fertile. Infertility, especially primary infertility represents a major risk factor for psychological implications in Pakistani PCOS women of southern Punjab. Psych...

Li Qiao*, Shubao Geng, Shibao Guo, Hongmin Liu, Jian Yin and Quan Zhang

...avelength treatments was significant; while the mortality increased, the pupation rate decreased, and the pupa weight and adult emergence rate decreased. The development duration of 5 instar larvae was significantly shortened, and the pupation rate and abnormal pupation rate were significantly increased. The pupa weight of 5th instar larvae was significant

Muhammad Ashfaq ur Rahman1*, Saleem Khan1, Aurang Zeb2, Zia ud Din1 and Zafar Iqbal3

...ccess of TB treatment is significantly influenced by nutritional status (BMI) and albumin level.

 

...

Maryam Beheshti1, Mohammad Reza Taheriyan2*, Sikander Shahzad3, Memoona Siddique4, He Tianwei5, Muhammad Farooq5*, Huzaifa Kashif6 and Naila Ilyas7*

... showed no statistically significant different (P<0.05). Palm oil had a saponification index of 202 mg/g and a peroxide time of 5.8 hours compared to hemp and soybean oil. The greatest ionic index was found in hemp oil, which had a value of 136. In terms of oxidative resistance, soybean oil was more stable than palm and hemp oils, with a value of 5.25 hours. Linoleic acid (53.8), linoleic acid (57.59), and oleic acid (40/33) are the principal components in ...

Jie Wang1, Di Fang1, Jianqing Zhao1, Fei Huang2, Bo Liu2, Weikun Tao2, Baoshan Cui2 and Qinghua Gao1,2,3*

...ganelle part” were significantly enriched in cell composition categories. As for molecular functional categories, DEGs were significantly enriched in cellular process “,” biological regulation “and metabolic process” during biological processes. Moreover, KEGG analysis showed that the most abundant pathways were oxidative phosphorylation and Wnt signaling pathway”,”MAPK signaling pat...

Qi Liu1,2, Weiyuan Li2,3, Qi Zhang2,3, Ziwei Wang2,3, Rui Gao1,2, Wenlei Liu1,2, Lei Zhang1,2, Ying Liu1,2, Tao Tian2,3 and Hongwei Yan2,3*

... and 2019. We observed a significant Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium across all stocks. The inbreeding coefficient (Fis) was positive (0.121–0.131) for all stocks. A loss of genetic diversity was detected in the 2019 stock and significant differences were observed for number of different alleles, number of effective alleles, allelic richness and unbiased expected heterozygosity in the 2019 stock (P < 0.05). The highes...
Xiangjie Zhao1, Zheshi Kuang2, Jiyuan Yang2, Muhammad Bilal1 and Rongling Yang1*
...od. Results showed a non-significant difference (P > 0.05) between control and treatment groups on the average daily weight gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (feed/gain, F/G) at 21d. At 42 d, the F/G of three treatment groups were all less than the control group. Moreover, the broiler meat quality increased with treatment group compared with the control at 42 d. It also showed that FSP addition could improve the thymic ...

Alisher Safarov1*, Nasreen Nasreen4, Firuza Akramova5, Shukhrat Djabbarov1, Adolat Mirzaeva5, Javokhir Esonboev5, Djalaliddin Azimov5, Mourad Ben Said2,3 

...ns and disease rates can significantly reduce animal production and productivity. Understanding the prevalence and distribution of ectoparasite species will aid in the development of informed control measures. 

...

Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi1,4,Wan Nur Hanani Wan Roslan1, Athirah Zawani Zulkifli Amin Rashid1, Siti Aisyah Mohd Hafiz Ngoo1, Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor1, Muhammad Azrolharith Rashid1, Mohd Zamri Saad2, Danung Nur Adli5, Hasliza Abu Hassim1,3* 

...weight and pH value were significantly differ (p<0.05) in treated group 3 compared to the control without soybean waste. The carcass crude protein and fat were also significantly (p<0.05) better. In conclusion, adding soybean waste into quail diet for up to 30% could be a potential protein source that enhances the growth and improves meat quality of quails.
 

...

Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi1,4, Hafandi Ahmad1, Norhariani Mohd Nor1, Goh Yong Meng1, Mohd Zamri Saad2, Md Zuki Abu Bakar1, Norafizah Abdul Rahman5,6, Agung Irawan7,9, Anuraga Jayanegara8,9, Hasliza Abu Hassim1,3,9*

 

..., but Swamp buffalo were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Ruminococcus albus and total fatty acid. This study showed that supplementing concentrates solely or a mixture with bypass fat into a grass-based diet could decrease methane production, as well as methanogens without giving a detrimental effect on rumen fermentation but also increase the degree of fatty acids saturation partially via increasing the abundance of fibrolytic bacteria. Thus, both dieta...

Luthfiralda Sjahfirdi1*, Zulfi Atsiil Suandhy1, Tatang Mitra Setia2 

...e two individuals is not significantly different. With nest-building ability not significantly different between the two orangutans with a moderate predicate, the two orangutans can be released together.
 

...

Vui Van Nguyen1, Samorn Ponchunchoovong2, Sajeera Kupittayanant3, Pakanit Kupittayanant2* 

...ls, which demonstrated a significant difference from the control treatment throughout the 12-day storage period (P<0.05). In summary, the results indicate that the properties of dog sperm during preservation are influenced by the dosage of Ocimum gratissimum leaf essential oils in a manner that depends on the concentration. The most favorable outcomes were observed when using a maximum essential oil concentration of 100 µg/ml. 

...

Abdul Hadi, Muhammad Rais*, Ifrah Muddassir, Abdullah Tasib, Maria Zafar and Sumbul Gill

... and encounter rate) was significantly different among the studied habitats. The encounter rate is provided as an index of monitoring and bioassesmnet of the National Park. The bioassessment of the National Park, based on the studied biometrics using avifauna as an indicator of biotic integrity, revealed excellent biotic integrity.

...
Asadullah Memon1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Saeed Ahmed Soomro2, Muhammad Ammar Khan3, Akeel Ahmed Memon4 and Hubdar Ali Kolachi1
...revalence of Q fever was significantly (p<0.05) higher than chlamydiosis and brucellosis (43.82% vs. 37.7% and 17.98%). The districts-wise incidences of seroprevalence were also significant in this study, as C. burnetii antibodies were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Hyderabad than Tando Allahyar and Mirpurkhas (70.37% vs. 37.25% and 9.09%); C. abortus higher (p<0.05) in Mirpurkh...

Yao Xixi1, Zhou Rui2* and Ma Yinshan3

... the phenological phases significantly affected the content of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, total fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and total volatile fatty acid (tvfa) (P<0.05), and these were significantly higher in flowering time (P<0.05). The content of fatty acid and total fatty acid in yak milk were significant

Afifatul H.A. Adilah1, Junun Sartohadi2* and Suci Handayani1

...s between the two plants significantly affect the production of runoff. Field evidence is needed to support it as a suitable plant for soil and water conservation efforts. The study was conducted using a field survey method equipped with soil characteristic measurements in the laboratory. The data collection process began with a study of the landscape of the research area which was divided into three zones, namely residual, erosion, and deposition. In each zon...

Bushra Ainy Dars1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo1, Muhammad Hanif Chandio2, Hamida Narejo3, Majida Parveen Narejo4, Faheem Saddar5, Ghulam Dastagir6, Ghulam Abbas7 and Shahnaz Rashid7

...h gape were examined. No significant difference between male and female was noted; though, there was a small variation in the percentages of lengths such as standard and anal fin, which were greater in females (85.0 and 15.3 percent, respectively) than in males (83.2 and 10.6 percent, respectively). The length of the head, the width, the pectoral fin, the pelvic fin, and the dorsal fin were all bigger in males (90.76, 70.31, 11.28, 11.97, 4.95, and 4.51%) than...

Ertika Fitri Lisnanti1,4, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari2*, Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah3, Mohammad Anam Al Arif2, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi4,5 

...VA), if the results were significant, continued with the LSD test. The value is considered significant if P < 0.05. Blood collection from the axillary vein of broiler chickens which is put in an EDTA tube. The parameters measured were: the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, types of leukocytes and blood glucose levels in broilers. The additi...

Rameez Raja Kaleri1,2*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri1, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro5, Raza Ali Mangi3, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4, Deepsh Kumar Bhuptani6, Sher Muhammad Khosa1, Abdul Wahid Solangi1, Ayaz Ali Lashari7 and Sheva Dari1

...ody weight revealed that significantly higher body weight was recorded in male birds as compared with female 2425±27 and 1482±11, respectively. The result for overall average body weight was revealed in our study 20.37±25.76 gram. In our study strong positive and significant correlation was observed among the average body weight and linear body measurement of poultry birds. We have used two principal com...

Elihasridas, Mardiati Zain*, Roni Pazla, Simel Sowmen, Qurrata Aini 

.... The results revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the digestibility of ammoniated aromatic lemongrass waste in the rumen. The degradation of ammoniated aromatic lemongrass waste was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher when supplemented with cassava leaves and mineral zinc (T3) compared to others. However, it was observed to be significantly (P<0.05) lower than T4. Ca...

Deny Juniwati1, Hadri Latif2*, Trioso Purnawarman2, Zhang Shuqi3

 

...but this method does not significantly reduce nitrite levels. Therefore, an alternative method is needed. This study aimed to analyze the effect of washing using RO water combined with ultrasonic waves to reduce nitrite level of EBN. The result of this study illustrated the effectiveness of reducing nitrite levels in EBN from two different methods. Nitrite levels in the samples were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Utilizing an ultrasonic wave freque...

Satya Fahriani1, Hadri Latif2*, Herwin Pisestyani2, Zhang Shuqi3, Suyanto Chen3

...ilization method did not significantly change EBN nitrite levels. However, the distribution range of nitrite levels between samples became more extensive. The retort sterilization affects EBN quality by decreasing its rehydration capacity.
 
Keywords | Edible bird nest, Nitrite, Rehydration capacity, Retort
...

Saddam Hussein Mahmoud* and Shaimaa Nabhan Yassein

...) results which are high significant. All milk samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) for (3-5) days at 37 ºC. According to the result, 46.34% of the isolates had mycotic mastitis, with 33 isolates (34.74%) belonging to mold and 62 isolates (65.26%) returning to yeasts. Candida albicans had the highest percentage (high significant) of yeast isolation of (67.74%) with 42 isolates which were detected by us...

Mohamed Mahrous Amer1*, Hanaa Sayed Fedawy2, Hoda Mohamed Mekky2, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi2, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila2

...negative control without significant difference. Histopathological changes of infected non-treated groups showed inflammation of s.c tissue with massive heterophils and mononuclear cell infiltration, hydropic degeneration of the hepatocytes and congested splenic sinusoids. While treated groups showed limited skin inflammatory condition at the site of injection and return of skin to normal color and thickness. Doxycycline+ colistin combination helps in reductio...

Novirman Jamarun1, Roni Pazla1*, Arief2, Elihasridas1, Gusri Yanti3, Rani Winardi Wulan Sari4, Zaitul Ikhlas4

...he levels of MLH and FTD significantly affected (P< 0.05) on body weight gain, intake, and nutrient digestibility. The ratio composition in the T4 treatment, namely mangrove leaves hay 20% + fermented T. diversifolia 20% + Concentrate 60% was able to increase body weight gain (65.25 g/head/day), and maintain dry matter intake (478.95 g/head/day).
 
Keywords | Body weight gain, Kacang goat, Mangrove leaves hay, Nutrient digestibi...

Wizna1, Rusfidra2, Robi Amizar3, Romi Andika1, Muhammad Haikal1, Zurmiati1*

...ns and fermentation time significantly effect (p<0.05) the total colony count of Bacillus sp. in the fermented product, but there was no interaction. The dose of B. amyloliquefaciens had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the water content, dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, and calcium. In addition, the dose of B. amyloliquefaciens and fermentation time did not affect crude fiber, phosphor, and ash. In conclusion, fe...

Khalid M. Al-Syaad1,2

... functioning, as well as significant histopathological abnormalities. Therefore, the present study investigated the toxic effect of CC and the protective effect of Propolis aqueous extract on CC-induced toxicity in male rats. A total of 24 Wistar albino rats were included in this study, divided into four groups; each group containing 6 rats and administered the treatment doses orally by gavage for 28 days. Control, treated with a physiological solution (5.0 ml...

Rusul Adnan Dawood, Hasan F.K. Alghetaa*

...sfunction represented by significant (P<0.05) increase in blood urea of HD and HR groups in comparison with control group. Total antioxidants were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the blood of HR group than all others. Moreover, peritoneal exudate showed significant (P<0.05) exacerbation of immunocyte counts in HgCl2-administered groups in comparison with others. However, resverat...

Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan and Abdul Rauf Shakoori*

...eracting partners of the significantly differentially expressed TFs out of the selected ones, and the mRNA expression changes were studied for both the differentially expressed TF along with its interacting partners. Finally, we explored the expression of these genes from some online available RNA-seq datasets for brain tissue, neurons, microglia and astrocytes. The results showed significant upregulation of Etv5 TF in male ...

Ramanathan Baluchamy* and Gnanamani Radhakrishnan

...litter decomposition and significantly change nutrients of soil through egestion of faecal pellets. In the present study, examined the interactions between soil fertility and millipedes occurrence in Alagar hills Reserve forest. Millipedes as detritivores significantly affect nutrient cycling through the redistribution of organic material and consequently, the release of biochemical elements such as N, P, K and calcium and r...
Hung Phuc Nguyen1*, Doan Van Thuoc2*, Nguyen Thi Trung Thu1, Huong Tran Thi Mai3, Nguyen Tran Khanh Hoa1, Nguyen Thi Tuyet Nhi1, Nguyen Phuong Thao1, Tran Thi Loan2 and Nguyen Thi Huyen My2
... fed SR35D and SR50D had significantly lower final BW, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR), but higher feed conversion ratio (FCR), than fish fed FMD (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, no significant differences in growth performance and feed utilization between the FSR35D and FMD groups were detected. Fish fed FSR-included diets showed significantly better growth performance and FCR th...
Iram Liaqat1*, Noor Muhammad1, Muhammad Mubin2, Najma Arshad3, Tehreema Iftikhar4, Sumera Sajjad5 and Farzana Rashid5
...ate extracts also showed significant ZI in the range of 06 – 14.0 mm (P ≤ 0.05) against these pathogens thus confirming their bioactive potential. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of screened Actinomycetes was in the range of 1.3 - 3.5 mgmL-1 and 1.9 – 4.0 mgmL-1 of bacterial biomass, respectively. Three isolates, S. monticola, S. septentrionalis and S. polaris showed 100 % mortality at 1000...

Weijun Chen1*, Shiyang Gao1, Ping Sun1, Xiaohui Sun2, Yongbin Wei1, Jingyang Chen1 and Jialong Chen1

...er. In addition, diet HF significantly increased hepatic oxidative stress by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content, decreasing activity levels of antioxidant enzymes and contents of reduced glutathione (GSH). Furthermoure, diet HF significantly decreased the mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and simultaneously increased the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis ...

Lili Zhao1, Fan Zhao1 and Yaping Jin2*

..., and the cell size also significantly increased. Furthermore, Grp78 knockout significantly decreased proliferation and adhesion activity, while increasing invasion activity. The secretion of estradiol and progesterone was also dramatically decreased after Grp78 knockout. Our results strongly suggest that GRP78 plays an important role in maintaining the normal functionalities of GTCs.

...

Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan1, Amina Arif1 and Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2*

...r study reported that no significant difference in biochemical profile among treated with Nilotinib or Imatinib tretated groups while in comparision to control group, a marked difference was observed. Antioxidant biomarkers i.e. MDA, SOD and CAT were augmented in control group as compared to CML treated groups. Decreased GSH level was reporetd in the CML group while increased in the nilotinib treated group compared to the Imatinib treated group. Other stress m...

J. Ma1, F.B. Zhang1,2, J. Li1, Z.Y. Lv1, C. Zhang1, L. Mao1 and Y. Zeng1*

...sition of S. dabryi were significant (P<0.05). Hierarchical cluster analysis shows that the food composition in autumn was significantly different from other seasons at a similarity level of 60%. The results indicated that the feeding rhythm of the S. dairyi in the lower reaches of the Jialing River showed significant seasonal changes (P<0.05); The feeding intensity and food amount g...

Yongman Guo1,2, Jundong Tian1,2,3, Dong Yang1,2 and Jiqi Lu1,2,3*

...lusmn; 117.85 ng/g) were significant higher than that in non-mating period (AM: 705.97 ± 82.86 ng/g; AF: 699.51 ± 56.06 ng/g). (2) there was significant difference in fecal IgA levels between mating and non-mating periods in AF, but not in AM. (3) there were obvious negative correlations between fecal cortisol and IgA levels both in AM (P = 0.04) and AF (P = 0.01) in mating period, but not in non-mating period ...

Gang Liu*, Na Xu, Zhizhong Gong and Jiahui Feng

...versity indices differed significantly between the Shengjin Lake and Caizi Lake geese. The Shengjin Lake geese ate mainly Poaceae species, whereas the Caizi Lake geese ate mainly Carex spp., suggesting that different diets might induce varied gut fungal communities between the geese. More fungal genera were significantly correlated with bacterial genera (Sphingobacterium, Brevundimonas, Stenotrophomonas, Chryseobacterium, Ac...

Kiran Afshan1*, Sobia Baseer1, Shanza Kiran1, Ghulam Narjis2 and Sabika Firasat1

... toxoplasmosis was found significantly (p<0.001) higher in 34.7% to 44.2% of pregnant women as compared to non-pregnant. The high prevalence of infection was recorded among women belonging to the 20-30 years and 31-40 years age group (16.78%-36.45), 1st and 3rd trimesters (33.2%- 40.3%), and housewives (28.8%-37.4%). The mean of IgG and IgM antibodies titer was observed higher than >1.3 in pregnant women and in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The present stu...

Moustafa M. Zeitoun 1,3; Mohamed M. Mansour 2,4* 

...in vivo fertility varies significantly for camels considered fertile. Aim; Study the blood and seminal plasma aldosterone and testosterone levels of male dromedary camels and their outcome on semen parameters and fertility. Methods; From breeding history records, depending on fertility status, sixty camels had divided into two groups; control “fertile” (n = 20) and infertile (n = 40). Blood and seminal plasma have obtained from all camels for hormo...

Irtaza Hussain1, Muti ur Rehman Khan1*, Asim Aslam1, Masood Rabbani2 and Ahsan Anjum1

...ep (7.7%). In goats, the significant association (P<0.0001) of contagious ecthyma infection with seroprevalence was found in 4 districts; however, contagious ecthyma antibodies titers were found positive in sheep of Muzaffargarh only. The risk factors such as young age, female gender, grazing without stall feeding, presence of lesions on the lips, and injuries on the skin caused by prickly trees and cotton stubbles were found signif...

Rosidi Azis1, Gatot Ciptadi2, Sri Wahjuningsih2, Dwi Nur Happy Hariyono3, Yuli Arif Tribudi4, Veronica Margareta Ani Nurgiartiningsih2* 

...BW had a positively high significant correlation (P < 0.01) with HH (r = 0.756), BL (r = 0.754), and CG (r = 0.877). The stepwise regression results showed that the model using three predictors (BW = -159.57+0.44HH+0.69BL+1.38CG) was the best-fitted model (R2 = 0.814; RMSE = 0.834) for the prediction of BW, followed by using BL+CG, HH+CG, CG, HH+BL, HH, and BL. The correlation results imply that BW might be improved by the enhancement of HH, BL, and CG. In ...

Feng-Yan Liu1,2,3, Ting Chen1,2,3, Yu-Hui Li1,2,3, Zheng Liu1,2,3, Jing-Jin Zheng1,2,3, You-Bang Li1,2,3* and Zhong-hao Huang1,2,3*

...f GCs and T3/T4 were not significantly different among seasons, indicating adult males have more intensive mating competition during the winter, rather than to the food intake and ambient temperature. The levels of T4 in adults were significantly higher than those in immature macaques, Also, T4 in males was significantly higher than those in females, indicating different energy intake/expe...

Chen Zhao, Lulu Ding, Ying Ye, Congying Kou, Haoran Xiao, Jing Zhu and Jicang Wang*

... dismutase. Instead, Nar significantly attenuated these Cd-induced toxic activities. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of Beclin1 and P62 were increased in the Cd-treated group. Treatment with Nar can significantly inhibit the increase of P62 protein expression level caused by Cd, indicating that Nar has a certain inhibitory effect on cell autophagy. In general, this study shows that Cd caused oxidative stress and a...

Mohammed Naji Odhah1,2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1*, Bura Thlama Paul3,4, Bashiru Garba5, Zaid Mahmood1, Eric Lim Teik Chung6, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila7  

...th C. pseudotuberculosis significantly (p<0.05) increased at week 2 (18.97±0.28 ng/ml), week 3 (33.97±0.59 ng/ml), week 4 (31.94±0.28 ng/ml) and week 5 (12.51±2.42). Whereas, in the mycolic acid group, the IgG antibody titre increased consistently from week 1 to week 3 (20.99±1.96 ng/ml; 15.52±3.78 ng/ml; 14.74±0.34 ng/ml) respectively. On the other hand, the Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration was found to ...
Hari Prashad Joshi, Kuaanan Techato, Khamphe Phoungthong* and Keshav Raj Panthee
...long-term, favorable and significant impact on rice production. Whereas cultivation area has a short-term significant impact. Precipitation and cultivation area did not have a long-term effect on rice production. The study recommends prioritizing the expansion of rice cultivation area and area-specific practices for adapting to climate change for increasing rice production in the scenario of an almost stable cultivation area...

Sajid Ali1, Ghulam Abbas1, Shahnaz Rashid1, Asma Fatima1*, Abdul Malik1, Dilawer Ali1, Muneer Hussain Bijoro1, Ushra Batool Hashmi1, Rumaisa Abdul Rahim1, Shahid Hussain2, Kashif Ali3, Jabbar Memon4 and Javeria Khourshid1

...condition factor was non-significant (p ˃ 0.05) among both treatment groups, whereas, food conversion ratio was significantly different (p<0.05). No mortality was observed (100% survival ratio) in both treatments. Relative growth of black fin seabream juveniles (A. berda) remained significantly different while regression values were found to be non-significant<...

Laikun Ma1,2, Jiaojiao Wang1, Shanshan Lyu2 and Jianhua Hou1*

...est Park. We observed no significant differences in physical and song behaviours in male dusky warblers in response to simulated intruders with different song length. However, there was a tendency for both the physical and song behaviours of males to enhance as the song length of intruders grew. In addition, the mean song length of territorial males increased during competition with intruders, and maximum song length was positively related to a stronger song r...

Muhammad Noman Khan* and Ghulam Nabi

... its time of application significantly affected various attributes of sweet lime. Among different sources, KNO3 was more effective in increasing leaf chlorophyll content (46.47 mg g-1 FW), leaf area shoot-1 (135.29 cm2), fruit weight (85.64 g) number of fruits tree-1 (808.75) and fruit yield tree-1 (69.48 kg). Potassium sulfate application decreased days to full bloom (33.58). Whereas the application of potassium sources on 17th March ...

Imbang Dwi Rahayu1, Ali Mahmud1*, Wahyu Widodo1, Adi Sutanto1, Apriliana Devi Anggraini1, Devi Dwi Siskawardani2, Wisnu Nurcahyo3, Tri Untari3

...he herbs’ addition significantly (p<0.05) affected albumin, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Adding herbs through drinking water gave lower TG and LDL levels than through feed or the control. The control had the lowest level of ALT, which increased along with adding 2% herbs through drinking water. Adding 3% herbs through the feed reached the highest ALT level. Adding herbs t...

Mudawamah Mudawamah1*, Sumartono Sumartono1, G. Ciptadi2, E. Susanto3, Y. Hartoyo4, L. Affandhy5,6

...l protein did not show a significant relationship (p>0.05) to differentiate broodstock in a single or twin brood in Sapudi sheep or their crosses, except for Suffas sheep. Total protein could show the difference between twin lambs having total protein > 6.36 g/dL and single lambs having total protein < 6.36 g/dL. The conclusion was that there was no relationship between physiological status, morphology, and total protein of the single and twin ewe in ...

Reza Esmaealzade Dizaji1, Arasb Dabbagh Moghaddam1*, Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi2, Mohamad Foad Heydari3, Seyyed Javad Hosseini Shokouh4 and Ana Shirzad Shahrivar5

...P/BNF and PRP groups had significantly lower expression levels of the mRNAs for interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and interleukin 10 than those in the untreated group. In contrast, those in the untreated group had significantly higher expression levels of those genes. The PRP/BNF and PRP promote wound epithelization by raising the expression of EGF, VEGF, TGF-, HIF-1, and Integrin 3, while boosting the release of Integrin 1 and ...

Jaiperkash Moolchandani1*, Geeta Moolchandani2, Syed Mohsin Turab3, Nasima Iqbal4, Ambreen Rehman5 and Shaima Sultana Memon6

...ms than females- but non-significantly. No any major difference was noted in frequency of non-motor symptoms of Parkinsonism between the rural and urban area patients. It was noted that anxiety decreased, insomnia increased while depression remained same with the decreasing duration of the disease but the results were non-significant. Lesser the mini mental status examination (MMSE) score, higher the frequency of depression,...

Saeed Ahmad1, Muhammad Iqbal1*, Muhammad Akram1, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid1, Muhammad Shahid1, Taj Muhammad1, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah1, Zunera Saeed2 and Mazhar Ali3

...ncreasing organic matter significant increase was observed in all studied traits (Number of bolls per plant, boll weight, boll retention %, seed germination %, seed index and fiber characteristics). However, T3 (organic matter (1.5%) showed maximum increase in all characteristics. In T2 (organic matter 1%) varieties showed 15.8 to 19% increase in bolls per plant and 33.3 to 36.8% in T3. In treatment with organic matter (0.5%) the boll weight was (2.46gm), numb...

Nosheen Jehajo* and Naheed Shah

...festation percentage was significantly (P≤0.05) variable among different host pulses. Moderate temperature (30°C) and high relative humidity (60%) were the most favorable for growth and multiplication of beetles because the maximum damage (97.8, 93.2, 59.0 and 27.7%) and weight loss (58.0, 57.8, 37.8 and 34.46%) was found on cowpea, green gram, chickpea and mash gram, respectively. While the lowest temperature (20°C) and humidity (55%) were found un...

Ali A. M. Al-Kuhla1*, Yaman S. Fadhil1, Saffanah K. Mahmood2 

.... Results demonstrated a significant (P<0.05) increase in the body weight of the birds in response to the dietary malic and acetic acids, while there were no significant differences in the rate of weight gain, the amount of feed consumed, and the feed conversion ratio. Histologically, it was observed that there was a significant (P<0.01) increase in the villi length, villi width, cry...

Peter Amuguni Mbato*, Wanzila Usyu Mutinda, Noah Kipkoech Maritim, Nicholas Edwin Odongo 

...onfinement treatment was significantly associated with bacterial infection (RR = 3) at week 8. These results show that broilers in FRPS had significantly lower body weight and fewer foot pad lesions, reducing bacterial infection and antibiotic use. Reduced antibiotic residues and pathogens in meat suggest improved meat quality. The free-range broiler production system would be a better production system to improve the welfar...

Sameh Abdel-Moez Ahmed Amer1*, Aly Mohammed Ghetas1, Asmaa Mahmoud Maatouq1, Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila1, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy2

...ns, moreover displayed a significant decrease in the shedding of NDV with drastically blocked shedding 7 days PC compared to group B with little clinical protection, higher mortalities, lower antibody titers and longest viral shedding PC. In conclusion, the NDV genotype VII-based vaccines homologous to challenge virus ensure a significant control on VNDV in terms of clinical protection, mortality, and virus shedding than the...

Mehmet Akif Cam1,* and Koray Kirikci2

...mponents (MC, P<0.01) significantly. With the increase in the number of sucking lambs in the Bafra breed, the SCC in the milk decreased (P<0.05), but not in Karayaka.

...

Eman M. Abdelhady1, Nader Y. Mostafa1, Mohammed A. El-Magd2* and Ghada A. Kirrella1

...treated with CNPs showed significantly lower E. coli and total mesophilic counts than samples treated with CP. The pH values and antioxidant properties (as measured by the DPPH radical scavenging assay) of CNPs-treated samples were significantly higher than CP-treated samples. There were no significant differences in organoleptic characteristics between the two treatments. With these antim...
Sri Rahayu*, Muhaimin Rifa’i and Widodo 
...crine hormones and other significant paracrine variables regulate ovarian follicle growth from the preantral to the antral stages. Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), which is secreted by oocytes, is a paracrine factor that plays a vital role in follicular development. We performed a computational biology analysis to determine the role of GFD9 in mammalian ovarian function. We constructed a three-dimensional model of GDF9 using I-TASSER and human GDF9 prot...

Tahir Rasool Qamar1, Sanaullah Iqbal1*, Muhammad Nasir1 and Habib-ur- Rehman2

...t in this group and were significant (p≤0.05) when compared to group G2. Percentage of total aberrant crypt foci (ACF) inhibition was also higher (30.14%) in group G4 as compared to group G3 (18.55%). Elevated levels of short chain fatty acids were observed in chicory root powder groups particularly in G4 which having significant higher levels of acetate and butyrate compared to group G2. Group G4 also hindered body weigh...

A.M. Abdul Azeem1, A.N. El shahat1* and Mohamed H.M. Abd el Megid2

...one naringenin that play significant roles against various physiological threats. Synthesis of nano-selenium particles (SeNPs) using a natural source as a reducing agents might have more advantages as an alternative to physical and chemical methods because it is inexpensive and considered environmentally friendly. Therefore, the objective of this study was to synthesize selenium nanoparticles from Citrus paradise peels extract (SeNPs-CP), their general charact...

A.M. Abdul Azeem1, A.N. El shahat1* and Mohamed H.M. Abd el Megid2

...one naringenin that play significant roles against various physiological threats. Synthesis of nano-selenium particles (SeNPs) using a natural source as a reducing agents might have more advantages as an alternative to physical and chemical methods because it is inexpensive and considered environmentally friendly. Therefore, the objective of this study was to synthesize selenium nanoparticles from Citrus paradise peels extract (SeNPs-CP), their general charact...
Mohamed A. Abu El-Hamd1*, Abdelslam M. Metwally2, Zahya R.  Ghallab2, Wael A. El-Hamady and Mohamed A. El-karamany1
...vely. Pregnancy rate was significantly higher in G1 (80%) and G2 (60%) than in G3 (50% ) and G4 (40%) in cows. The concentration of progesterone (P4) significantly decreased in pregnant cows compared with non-pregnant in G2 and G3 at artificial insemination (AI), while it was higher at days 7, 14 and 24 post-AI in pregnant than in non-pregnant cows. At oestrus, the P4 concentration was significant

Xiaowei Huang, Yajie Wang, Jia Zhou, Junxiu Liu, Zhe Lin and Ruili Li*

...hole blood viscosity was significantly decreased, while the thymus index, peripheral blood WBC, RBC, Hb, HCT, PLT levels, and NO, SOD, GSH-Px levels in serum were significantly increased. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MDA, LDH in serum were significantly decreased. The protein expression levels of TLR4 and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in kidney were

Azza M. El-Kattawy1, Tarek Abou Zed1, Randa Megahed1 and Mohammed El-Magd2*

...ted group. Sim treatment significantly 1) downregulated the expression of immunomodulatory genes [interferon gamma (IFNγ) and lactoferrin (LF)], 2) decreased the expression of inflammation-related genes [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1β)], 3) declined the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and oxidized-LDL receptor (OLR1), 4) upregulated the expression of...

Ming Wang1, Nan Yang2, Xiaolin Zhang2 and Wei Liu1*

...nt (76.35%). There was a significant difference in the awareness of rodent control among the herdsmen having different education levels. The consciousness for deratization among the herdsmen was affected by age, education level, attitude towards killing rodents, and several other factors. Thus, it could be concluded that improving the levels of education, the prevention, and control mechanisms, as well as reshaping the deratization concept can encourage the he...

Wei Wang1, Meifeng Zhou2, Yuebo Liang1, Fan Zhang1, Zhong Wu3, Shaowei Mo4* and Yi Qing Wang1*

...protein level of YAP was significantly increased in the tumor tissues of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Consistently, the expression of YAP and TAZ were both dramatically upregulated in SK-BR-3-TR cells. The cell viability was increased, while cell apoptosis was inhibited in SK-BR-3-TS cells compared with SK-BR-3-TS. The depletion of YAP by si-YAP reversed the YAP/TAZ expression, cell viability and cell apoptosis in SK-BR-3-TR cells. YAP/TAZ pathway mig...
Md. Abdullah Al-Mamun1,2, Al-Mamun2,3, Sanjay Kumar Mohanta2,3, Md. Farhan Tazim2,3, Mohammed Rashed Parvej 2,3, Md. Sharif Uddin2,3, Suman Barua1,2 and Liu Qun1*
...ning time, the sex ratio significantly differed from 0.5, with females dominating over males, according to a Chi-squared test (p<0.05). To ensure sustainable exploitation of this valuable species, implemention of the mesh size regulation for protecting this species less than 145 mm and seasonal closures in the Bay of Bengal (BoB), Bangladesh would be very effective.

...

Abdullah Naser1*, Nirwana1, Sri Wulan1, Zaenal1, Mustafa1, Effendy2 

... the stall roof showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in body weight, dry matter intake, growth performance, and digestibility in rams, with the highest value in the palm leaf roof. Likewise, substituting soybean meal with fermented kapok seeds makes a significant difference (P < 0.05) with the highest value in the R4 and R5 diet groups. However, there was no interaction between the roof of the stall and substitut...

Yuyu Wang1,2, Mingzhu Li 3,4, Gang Lin4, Xiaohua Guo5, Aihua Sun5, Hao Dong5, Qinghui Ai1,* and Kangsen Mai1,*

...d 21:00) for 28 days. No significant differences were observed in survival and intestinal morphology among fish fed various levels of algae meal (P>0.05). Fish fed diet S5 had significantly higher final body weight than that of fish fed diet S15, and no significant differences were observed among fish fed diets S0, S5 and S10 (P>0.05). Trypsin in intestinal segments, specific activit...

Kandiah Pakeerathan*, Konesalingam Jeyavithuyan, Aruchchunan Nirosha and Gunasingham Mikunthan

...; 0.05. The results were significant among them at P < 0.05. Bio-fortified vermicompost’s pH range was 7.28-8.11, C/N ratio was 25.01-9.96, and OMC was 22.66-51.53. Nitrogen, P and K ranges were 1.06% to 2.1%, 0.73%-1.87%, 0.654% to 1.38%. Trichoderma viride + P. fluorescens enriched showed lower DSI. The highest growth, yield parameters, and lower Fusarium basal rot incidents were recorded in T. viride and P. fluorescens fortified paddy straw and kit...

Mehran Ali* and Inamullah

...d that, AM fungi had non-significant effect on initial phenological stages of wheat like days to emergence and tillering and anthesis but considerable variations were recorded for physiological maturity as well as physiology and yield of wheat crop. Different P levels also revealed the similar trend, 90 kg P ha-1 noted better phenology, physiology and yield of wheat, however keeping monetary and sustainability in consideration reduced P level (60 kg ha-1) was ...

Yasir Ali1, Muhammad Shahbaz2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif1-2, Salman Ahmad3*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed4, Saqib Saeed2, Mohsin Iqbal1, Mozam Ejaz1 and Saima Naseer5

...lications. Statistically significant (P<0.05) disease control was observed by Propiconazole (29.30 %) in the first crop season 2018-2019 and 28.50% in the second crop season 2019-2020, followed by Polyram DF (27.60% and 26.30%), Tubiconazole+trifloxystrobin (21.50% and 26.30%), Diphenoconazole (23.30 and 22.57), Sulphur (25.38, 24.50), Pyraclostrobin (19.57 and 18.38), Cholorothalonyl+metalyxl (18.30 and 16.30) and control (0%) during both successive season...
Yousef Ahmed Alkhamis1,2*, Basanti Mondal3, Roshmon Thomas Mathew2, Ganesan Nagarajan4,5,6, Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman3, Md. Mostafizur Rahman7, Adnan Alhajji1 and Md. Moshiur Rahman3,8*
...evealed that ST fish had significantly smaller standard length and body area compared to CT fish especially after the 1st month of the experiment, while no significant variations were found in other months. The study also showed no significant variations in tail length and color patterns between CT and ST fish throughout the experimental months. The findings revealed that ST fish showed a ...

Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Masood Rabbani1*, Sohail Raza1, Ali Raza Awan2, Aleena Kokab1 and Iqra Nazir3

...r the globe resulting in significant economic losses therefore, disease mitigation and control measures are of pronounced significance. The two available vaccines of Brucella abortus in Pakistan, RB51, and S19 have many limitations in the light of residual virulence, induction of abortion, diagnostic interference, and human pathogenic potential. In this study, we have developed a Brucella abortus pUC19-K-UP-DN plasmid cassette for the construction of Δpu...

Nasir Ali1,2,6, Muhammad Ilyas2,3, Nazia Akbar1,2*, Gohar Rahman2, Shakirullah Khan4, Mujaddad Ur Rehman6, Abdul Samad5, Habib Ahmad1,2 and Bibi Nazia Murtaza7*

... studies have revealed a significant genetic link between ancient and modern peoples of northwestern Pakistan. Our findings regarding maternal lineages of the people of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, presumed in mtDNA, has their origin from the West Eurasian and South Asian stocks. These results we have offer a reference to better understand the biological linkage of ancient and modern inhabitants living in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

...

Abdullah Alsrhani1*, Aisha Farhana1, Shahid Hussain2 and Muhammad Ikram Ullah1

...ti-Tg, and anti-TPO were significantly increased in HT cases than in the healthy controls, while serum FT4, 25(OH)-D and ferritin were significantly reduced (p <0.0001). A negative correlation between serum vitamin D with anti-TPO and a positive correlation with FT4 and ferritin (p <0.05) was observed. The results indicated that reduced serum levels of vitamin D are associated with higher serum anti-TPO and lower serum...

Sajida Batool, Iqra Ashraf, Shafaat Yar Khan, Sitara Shameem* and Breha Kazmi

...ra treatment exhibited a significant decline in pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines on PHA stimulated T-cells in time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. These findings are suggesting the immunomodulatory potential of methanolic leaf extract obtained from C. procera that together with its other therapeutic properties can be used towards modulating the immune response.

...

Jialing Zhang1, Yan Ma2, Lili Lian3 and Min Wei1*

...the two groups showed no significant difference between the two groups, p>0.05. Moreover, the incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups showed a relatively higher irregular uterine bleeding rate in the reference group than in the study group, p < 0.05. When compared to sole GnRH-a, this is the first trial to indicate that adding gestrinone to the GnRH-a regimen resulted in significantly less irregular uterine bl...

Mohammed A. El-Sayed1*, Mahmoud H Hatab2, Heba AEM Assi3, Nashaat S Ibrahim2, Hisham M Saleh2, Waheed AA Sayed2, Birgit A Rumpold4 

...vealed that diet B and C significantly increased overall live body weight (LBW), relative carcass weight, small intestine, heart, liver, gender organs, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius of quails when compared to diet A. The LBW, relative carcass weight, and measured organs of the diet A group were significantly impacted by the interaction of dietary treatment and HS, whereas these traits had no or minimal effects on the diet B...

Shaista Ilyas1, Safdar Ali1, Amer Habib1, Misbah Ali1,2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan3*, Yasir Iftikhar3, Muhammad Usman Ghani4,5 and Muhammad Umair1

...he major constraint that significantly affects the productivity of mungbean. This research was aimed to manage the Cercospora leaf spot diseases by using different chemicals by foliar spray using 0.05g of boric acid, ZnSO4, MgSO4, and a combination of all these. The in-vivo experiment was carried out in the open field using randomized complete block design (RCBD). Effects of different chemicals on disease management were examined statistically by using Tukey&r...

Javed Hussain Umrani1, Roseena2, Ashfaq Ahmed3, Saba Iqbal2, Amtul Sami4, Mumtaz Ali Salito5 and Gulnaz Parveen2*

...rsabz, and Moomal showed significantly superior germination and seedling growth, while T.D-1 and Kiran-95 exhibited reduced germination and seedling growth under 0 (control ), 50, 100, 150 and 200 mol m-3 salinity levels. It was observed that increased salinity from 50 to 200 mol m-3 significantly affected all the initial growth traits. However, seeds germination percentage  root and shoot length were remained satisfact...

Tahir Abbas Khan1*, Imran Ashraf1*, Athar Mahmood1, Muhammad Ilyas2, Sardar Alam Cheema1, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal3 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

... cultivars also differed significantly in terms of growth, yield and P utilization. Therefore, present study was performed to assess P efficient maize genotypes on the basis of growth and yield. The study was comprised different maize genotypes; CS-2Y10, KSC-SB 9663, FH-949, 30Y87, NT-6621 and DK-6789 and of diverse P levels; control (No P), 40 and 80 kg P ha-1. The maximum root length (RL), shoot length (SL) and root and shoot biomass was noted with 80 kg P h...

Qingjin Li1,2, Zhiyuan Sui1,2, Jihu Zhang1,2, Zhishuai Zhang1,2 and Feng Xing1,2*

...the ovary at puberty was significantly higher than that in other tissues. These results suggest that CTSD may play an important role in the onset of puberty in sheep by regulating the development and ovulation of follicles in the ovary.

...

Mahmood Davoodi-Omam, Hossein Mansoori Yarahmadi*, Jafar Fakhraei and Mehdi Changizi

...y of 10% had the highest significant difference compared to the control (p <0.05). The highest thymus weight was observed in the treatments with Globacid levels of 0.5 and 1 mL/L, respectively (p < 0.05). Also, the highest humoral immune response among the groups was seen in the group containing Globacid (1 mL/L) and the restriction intensity of 10% (p < 0.05). The results of this study generally showed that increasing the level of organic acid togeth...

Nida Sadaqat1, Sheheyar Ahmed Khan1, Amna Bibi1, Sadaf Zahra1, Muhammad faisal Salamt1, Noreen Latief2 and Fatima Ali1*

...sue inflammation with no significant change in blood parameters. There were no significant differences in weekly and final body weights and no significant changes observed in hematological and biochemical markers. A significant increase in collagen synthesis was observed in the NAC treated group with up-regulation of VEGF, IGF-1, PCNA, SDF-1 and CXCR-4 a...

Murat Durmus* and Hasan Rüstü Kutlu

...n rate or mortality rate significantly (P > 0.05). With regard to the fatness of the carcass, a higher amount and proportion of abdominal fat were found in low-quality female chicks (P < 0.05).

...
Sami Ullah1, Choudary Ihtasham Ali1, Umar Ijaz Ahmed1*, Shoaib Nasir1 and Amjad Masood2
... family size, and income significantly influence the preference for oil over vanaspati ghee. At the same time, the taste has a negative and significant influence on the choice of vegetable oil. The estimates indicate that the highest income group in the data prefers edible oil more than the lowest income group. As vegetable oil is costly as compared to ghee, consuming healthier food, price is an essential criterion for low-i...

Muhammad Hasnain1*, Ghulam Mustafa2, Asif-ur-Rehman3, Ali Raza4, Abrar Ahmad4, Taj Muhammad4, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid4, Umair Faheem5, Muhammad Shahid4, Muhammad Akram4 and Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5

...there were statistically significant differences. The increased the percentage of amino acids also increased the yield, Izabi on was 105.9kg/plant, whereas Promise and Flagon showed 96.65kg/plant and 95.86%, but both were non-significantly different. Fruit ripening caused changes in those factors, which were noted. Spraying amino acids had no appreciable impact on the physical features of fruit during storage, such as weight...

Bdour Muhammed Al-Shweily1*, Jawad Bulbul Al-Zaidawi2, Muhammed Jubair Hanawi1 

..., a pest responsible for significant economic losses in cucurbit crops, lays its eggs in the fruits and feeds on them. Consequently, extensive studies and experiments have been undertaken to identify optimal methods for its control. Due to the adverse effects of chemical pesticides on consumer health, particularly human health, the pursuit of alternative safe measures has been paramount. Among the prominent alternatives, biological control has garnered attenti...

Frah Razzaq Kbyeh1, Ahmed N. Abedsalih2* 

...negative groups resulted significant increase(P< 0.05) in white blood cells, monocyte, and neutrophils in blood after three days comparison with negative control and in all experimental period (14 days) which was increase significant (P< 0.05) positive control (P.C.). However,(DC,COM1,COM2) groups decrease significant (P< 0.05) in white blood cells, monocyte, and neutrophils val...

Muneer Abbas1*, Sohail Abbas2, Imran Faraz3, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Zubeda Parveen1, Muhammad Nadeem1, Sana Ullah4* and Malik Akhtar Iqbal5

...nsect control have faced significant challenges, primarily due to the extensive use of pesticides. This overreliance on pesticides has led to issues such as pest resistance and environmental pollution. Some formerly minor pests have transformed into major threats by altering their biology and host preferences. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) offers a promising solution by reducing the reliance on insecticides. Many countries worldwide have successfully adopte...

Fatima Ali1*, Rimsha Tahir1 and Tahir Rehman Samiullah2

... and chemotaxis genes. A significant increase was observed in the percentage of wound contraction and significant decrease in the period of epithelialization in honey+3% NAC group as compared with control group. Histologically, honey+3% NAC Group treatment resulted in almost complete re-epithelialization and re-structuring of the wound tissue. There was a significant rise in catalase and d...

Meryem Betmezoğlu1*, Dilek Arsoy2 and Mahmut Çerkez Ergören3

...re were no statistically significant differences between the breeds. The use of Cyprus Cyprus native hair goat in animal husbandry has a critical importance in terms of species genetic diversity We believe that this breed will play a key role in the reduction of scrapie cases, based on its resistance genotype H154 ratio. Larger studies are needed to gain a complete understanding with regards to the impacts of the 146D, 146S, and 154H alleles in Damascus, Cypru...

Omar Berkani1*, Souheila Slimani2, Nora Sakhraoui3 and Cherif Abdennour1

...eeks, characterized by a significant growth in the testicular volume, followed by spontaneous gonadal regression up to week 10. Azoospermia in control birds was noticed, with a significant increase in FT4 level and a fall of flying feathers in the 8th and 10th weeks, which assert the testicular regression. Compared to the control, CYP1 and CYP2 increased the testicular weights significantl...

Mamona Jabeen1, Sumra Naz1, Hina Amjad1, Khalid Abbas1*, Sajid Abdullah1, Muhammad Anjum Zia2, Taqwa Safdar1 and Muhammad Sarfraz Ahmed1

... C. marulius and provide significant guidelines over the effective management and conservation strategies for sustainable fisheries of Channa species in Pakistan.

...
Yongming Zhang1,2, Yuyu Wang2*, Jing Jia2, Sihe Zhang2, Xiaohua Guo3, Aihua Sun3, Hao Dong3, Peiqiang He4 and Xiefa Song1*
...ntent of farmed fish was significantly higher, while moisture content was significantly lower than that of the wild fish (P<0.05). The contents of all essential amino acids (EAA), half essential amino acids (HEAA) and Tyr, Asp, Glu were significantly higher in farmed Conger myriaster than that in wild fish (P<0.05). The ratios of the WEAA/WTAA (39.92% vs 39.77%) and WEAA/WNEAA (84.29...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Jamshaid Iqbal2, Tariq Mustafa3, Gul Rehman2, Muhammad Faisal Shahzad2, Muhammad Younas4,5*, Aftab Ahmad Khan6, Ameer Hamza2, Abdul Ghaffar1 and Muneer Abbas1

...a at 7.5 % concentration significantly increased the yield to 1018.9 kg per hectare than the other tested EPFs. B. bassiana was a potential candidate for thrips management in mung bean and had a significant impact on the total return. Consequently, the EPF, B. bassiana, may potentially be incorporated into the Mung bean thrips IPM program. 

...

Momina Raheem1, Muhammad Fiaz2*, Muhammad Mushtaq1, Umana Niazi1, Evelyn Saba3 and Mansoor Abdullah3

...mongst treatment was not significant. The weight of the lambs at birth and 7th day age was increased (P<0.05) with CRS 25g/d and 50g/d as compared to control but no difference (P>0.05) was found between treatments. The higher survival rate of lambs (P<0.05) was found in CRS 25 g/d, followed by 50 g/d and then 0 g/d. Milk constituents; solid not fat, density, lactose, minerals and protein were increased (P<0.05) with increasing rate of dietary suppl...

Waqas Alam1, Sar Zamin Khan1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2*

...and feed efficiency were significantly (P<0.05) higher in cage birds compared to the floor. Fertility and hatchability percentage were lower (P<0.05) in pre-peak stage and then increased during peak and post-peak stages. There was no significant effect of the housing system on the immunocytochemistry of the cells of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), leutenizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH). The results of the...

Sehrish Ishtiaq1, Mahroze Fatima1*, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2, Noor Khan3, Muhammad Bilal4, Maryam2 and Sobia Nisa1

...ining 2% Ca and 2% P. No significant difference in survival rate was recorded except for the diet containing 1% Ca with 2% P supplement. The feed intake (FI) of juvenile remained unaffected (p > 0.05) by mineral supplementation. Whole body protein content increased (p < 0.05) slightly with Ca and P supplementation. However, moisture, fat and ash contents remained unaffected (p > 0.05). Dietary Ca and P supplementation improved (p < 0.05) the protei...

Ayoola J. Shoyombo1, Ake A. Moses1, Comfort I. Ukim2, Mustapha A. Popoola2, Olayinka O. Alabi1, Noah C. Edozie1, Faith Ogbor1, Jacob Kuusu1, Ekemini M. Okon3* 

... caprine species faces a significant challenge in maintaining homeostasis and increasing productivity due to the constantly changing climatic conditions and the increasing demand for protein in developing regions. The effect of seasonal variation on reproductive endocrinology was examined in a group of West African Dwarf (WAD) does and bucks. Throughout the study, the animals were kept in the same environment. The results showed that most hormones in the does ...

Syed Nouman Shah1, Anees Ur Rahman1, Abdul Kabir1,2*, Midrar Ullah3, Shahab Ahmad Nawaz1, Muhammad Said1, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Maaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Sadiq1

...oxin contamination poses significant risks to animal health and performance, affecting various physiological systems and functions. This paper aims to review the current literature on mycotoxin occurrence, effects, and management in silage and identify effective strategies to ensure animal health, productivity, and minimize economic losses. We synthesized evidence from studies on harvest and ensiling techniques, silage additives and preservatives, postharvest ...

Fatimah A. Al-Saeed 

...-6 and TNF-α) were significantly increased in rats of the second group. Moreover, the levels of total protein, albumin and CAT were statistically declined. The O. oleaster leaves’ extract could nearly normalize those blood parameters for protection against Cd toxicity. It might be concluded from this study that the protective effect of O. oleaster leaves extract against Cd toxicity may be attributed to its antioxidant activities.
 

...

Dhurgham K. Seger1, Rahman H. H. Al Qasimi2, Azhar A. Jaffar3, Salah H. Faraj4, Ahmed I. Ateya5* 

...respectively. There were significant impacts of SSTR1 gene polymorphisms and the weights of carcass characteristics including heart and liver weight alongside recovery rate. Meanwhile, there was no significant effects between polymorphisms of SSTR1 and the remaining carcass traits including live weight, carcass weight, clearance percentage, and spleen and kidneys weights. This study highlights the possible efficiency of usin...
Yafang Wang1,2,3, Fugui Jiang2,3, Haijian Cheng2,3, Yifan Liu2,3, Chen Wei2,3, Ce Liu2,3 and Enliang Song1,2,3*
...ased ASIV. There were no significant differences among treatments on body measurement indexes. Serum blood urea nitrogen levels decreased (P = 0.028) and glucose levels increased (P = 0.029) with increasing ASIV. The average concentrations of CAT (P = 0.0005), GSH-Px (P < 0.0001), and T-SOD (P = 0.013) increased, and MDA (P = 0.006) decreased with increased feeding amount of ASIV. Furthermore, concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were not affected ...

Nazia Haider, Asia Bibi* and Nahid Kausar

...ical evaluation revealed significant decrease in Hb (p<0.001), MCV (p<0.001) and MCHC (p=0.006) values in cases as compared to controls whereas no significant differences found between the case and control groups in terms of RBC, WBCs, HCT, MCH, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and PLT (p>0.05). It is concluded that the age groups 35-39 years and significant changes in the values of Hb, ...

Blessing Ndenum Peter1, Olufemi Bolarinwa Adedeji1, Reuben Chukwuka Okocha2,3*, Ekemini Moses Okon4 

...otal bacterial count was significantly lower in ready-to-eat shrimps sourced from Alesinloye [6.29 (6.24 – 6.33) log CFU/g] compared to those from Eleyele [6.43 (6.40 – 6.46) log CFU/g] and Bodija [6.43 (6.41 – 6.46) log CFU/g]. Of the 80 ready-to-eat shrimps samples, Escherichia coli was isolated from 52 (65.5%), Salmonella spp. from 68(85.0%), Shigella spp. from 52(65.5%), Bacillus spp. from 52(65.5%), Staphylococcus aureus from 56 (70.0%) ...

Yunilas1*, Muheri Indra Aja Nasution2, Edhy Mirwandhono1, Adi Fathul Qohar3 

... d). The treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on color, odor, texture, and total titrated acid. In addition, crude protein, nitrogen, crude fat, and ash had no significant effect (P>0.05). The treatment had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on chitin and pH. There is an interaction between organic acid dosage and fermentation time for chitin. Using a mixture of organic aci...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Mika Tania Sidabutar, Liman, Arif Qisthon 

...cated that there were no significant differences in feed consumption (P0:7.38 ± 1.26 kg; P1:7.32±1.47 kg; P2: 7.26 ± 2.10 kg), body weight gain (P0: 0.85 ± 0.16 kg; P1:0.97±0.13 kg; P2: 0.90 ± 0.23 kg) and feed conversion (P0: 8.79 ± 1.62; P1:7.56±1.22; P2: 8.04 ± 0.35) among the treatments P0, P1, and P2, respectively; however IOFC was higher (p<0.05) in P1 (Rp. 34.054) and P2 (Rp. 30.620) as c...

Salma Jameel Askar 

...centration all decreased significantly at in the G2 compared to G1 while clotting time, serum uric acid, blood urea nitrogen levels, and liver enzyme functions all increased significantly. Rats in G3 had significantly higher RBCs, platelets, PCV%, and Hb concentrations, while clotting time, serum uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen levels, and liver enzyme functions were all

Wafaa AL. Bnyean1,2 ,Zainab A.H. AL-Mousawi1* 

...ycyrrhizic acid improved significantly (P<0.05) in serum cortisol, ACTH, CRH hormones, and (11β-HSD) enzyme concentration, while was a significant reduction in serum MDA level in the therapeutic and protective group compared with the positive control group. Our results concluded that glycyrrhizic acid improves the alteration caused by hydrocortisone of hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis hormones and reduces the free...

Wei Fang1,2,3, Jiawei Hong1,2,3,4, Zhengyi Fu1,2,3, Jing Hu1,2,3, Gang Yu1,2,3, Zhenhua Ma1,2,3* and Humin Zong5*

...d the infected group was significant. PHGDH, PASAT1, RPL38, RPS2, ATP6V1D, ATP6V11, etc. may be the key genes that affect the expression of anti-NNV for E. fuscoguttatus, which mainly related to the inhibition of the capsid protein encoded by NNV’s RNA2. This research not only provided a theoretical basis for the breeding of anti-NVV, but also made up for the gap in the research field of anti-NVV of E. fuscoguttatus.

...

Khadija Begum, Azizunnessa and Md Ahaduzzaman*

...ave been identified as a significant factor in the declining profitability of goat farming. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of reproductive problems in does and how they are currently treated. Relevant data on different gynecological cases in does were collected from the record sheets of a teaching veterinary hospital in Chattogram district from August 2021 to July 2022. Cases were diagnosed through evaluating symptoms, physical examination, and ...
Muhammad Abdul Mannan1,2, Sharmin Chowdhury2, Md Abul Hashem3,4 and Md. Hazzaz Bin Kabir1,5*
...ll ruminants that causes significant economic losses to sheep and goat breeding operations worldwide. To combat this problem and minimize economic damage, effective preventative measures should be aimed at high-risk populations and a thorough understanding of the epidemiology is crucial. This study aimed to improve the understanding of the molecular epidemiology of Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goat carcasses in the Chattogram Metropolitan area in Banglade...

Bilal Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Avais1*, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Masood Rabbani2, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Muhammad Awais1, Sohail Ahmad3 and Shahan Azeem2*

...paramount importance and significantly reduces the use of antimicrobial agents. This study aimed at preparing and evaluating inactivated polyvalent mastitis vaccines containing bovine origin Staphylococcus aureus (tst), Streptococcus uberis (cpn-60 targeted STUB), and Escherichia coli (aggR) in a rabbit model. Four types of mastitis vaccines viz. formalin-inactivated plain polyvalent mastitis vaccine (FPPV), formalin-inactivated montanide adjuvanted polyvalent...

Komal Mukhtar*, Saba Yasin, Husna Ahmad, Muhammad Amir Iqbal and Nabila Roohi

...al analysis. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in RBC in the painters as compared to the control group. Red cell indices such as HGB, HCT, MCH and MCHC were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in painters. On the contrary, PLT, MPV, WBC, LYM and Gran count were substantially (P < 0.05) elevated in the painters. In conclusion, chronic paint exposure predicts future illnesses such as anemia and cancer. 

Naeem Akhtar1*, Sana Noureen1, Muhammad Asif2, Ahsan Aziz2, Usman Saleem1, Talat Mahmood3, Nadeem Raza4 and Waqas Raza5

...ting factors that causes significant losses of sugarcane production. Here we are reporting the assessment of genetic variation among sugarcane accessions based on morphological parameters, SCMV severity, incidence and resistance/tolerance. The experiment was conducted in College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan using randomized complete design in triplicate. Different morphological parameters were calculated to observe sugarcane produ...

Mustafa M. Khalaf*, Rana A. Salih 

...cators. Cyclophosphamide significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA), liver biomarkers (ALT, AST, ALP, and TP), and prothrombin time. Otherwise, glutathione (GSH), and total protein (TP) level was substantially reduced in the control group. Studies have demonstrated quercetin’s capacity to decrease cyclophosphamide’s effects on (MDA, ALT, ALP, TP, and AST) while increasing GSH. Also, quercetin significantl...
Qiangsheng Wu1, Yumei Yin2, Hui Gao1, Baoding Chen3, Jianjun Yu2, Jian Zhang4, Donglai Zhu5, Fang Liu6, Guohong Ge7 and Ya-Mei Dang8*
...issues to screen out the significant abnormal expressed genes. The potential interactions and mechanisms of these genes in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed through bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that the functions of these 1495 differently expressed genes enriched in cell cycle, oxidation-reduction and drug metabolic process. Additionally, the top 10 core genes of these differently expressed genes were mainly participated in cell c...
Guo-Hai Wang1, Ji-Feng Long2, Li-Juan Wei3, Zhi Qin2, Wei Yao4, Chuang-Bin-Tang1* and Qi-Hai Zhou4*
...orthern tree shrews were significantly different in dry season and rainy season. The overlap coefficients between red-bellied squirrels and Northern tree shrews was high (Δ=0.86), with significant differences in both dry season and rainy season. The activity duration of red-bellied squirrels was significantly lower than that of Northern tree shrews (5.49±0.57 vs. 6.80±0...
Mohamed I. El-Katcha1, Mosaad A. Soltan1, Seham M. El-Kassas2*, Mahmoud M. Arafa3, El-Sayed R. Kawarei 3, Karima M. El-Naggar1*
...; 0.05), and the CuO-NPs significantly increased it (P < 0.05). Both organic and CuO-NPs non-significantly increased average egg production, shell composition of calcium and phosphorus % and yolk Cu contents (P > 0.05). In contrast, the organic and Nano-CuO salts reduced egg yolk cholesterol contents (P < 0.05). Besides, they caused an interesting reduction of cracked egg percentage (P < 0.05). Additionally, both...

Muhammad Altaf1*, Arshad Javid2, Abdul Majid Khan3, Sadia Nazer4, Irfan5, Khalid Javed Iqbal6, Muhammad Sultan Haider7 and Sana Ashraf7

...and small mammals varied significantly. A decrease in mammalian diversity was observed from forest habitat to urban landscapes. Indian wild boar, Asiatic jackal, Indian fox, jungle cat, Indian pangolin and long-eared desert hedgehog preferred forested areas as well as slightly modified habitats while northern palm squirrel, house mouse, house shrew and rat species preferred human habitations. Similarly, a few species like small Indian mongoose, soft-furred fie...

Syed Shakeel Shah1, Ayesha Jameel1, Sabila Afzal1*, Muhammad Zubair2, Iram Fatima Bokhari1

...ical inquiry indicated a significant relationship (P < 0.05) of parasitic contaminations and raw vegetables. This study infers that raw and unwashed vegetable consumption is an essential route of parasitic infections to humans.

...
KHALID JAVED IQBAL1, ARSHAD JAVID2, NOOR KHAN3, IRFAN BABOO4, AHMED ALI5, KASHAF
MOHSIN6, AZRA ANWER7, USMAN ATIQUE8, MUHAMMAD ALTAF9, DILAWAR HUSSAIN10 & ASMA
CHAUDHRY11
...asonally have also shown significant percentage effects on consumer‘s
attitudes towards fish consumption.
...

MAH NOOR KHAN, NABILA ROOHI, BILAL JAVED & MUHAMMAD AMIR IQBAL*

...of the Punjab, Lahore. A significant decline (P ≤ 0.05) of T3 was seen in automobile workers as compared with controls. Both, automobiles workshop workers and petrol station workers demonstrated a significant decline of T4 as compared to controls. Mild elevation of TSH was present in both Automobiles and Petrol filling Station workers as compared to controls. Reduced levels of T3 and T4 and elevated TSH may lead to hypoth...

SYED SHAHID IMRAN BUKHARI*, ZULFIQAR ALI & RIDA AHMAD

...
observed to have a significant impact on PM levels. The study is
significant for being the first of its kind, as previously no data is available
focusing on PM10 and PM(Total) levels in the urban houses of asthmatics in
Pakistan. Even though there is no practical implication to reduce or
remove the load of pollutants present in the air but it is recommended to
SAIMA SHARIF*, NIMRA PERVEEN, SHAGUFTA NAZ, TASNIM FARASAT, FARKHANDA MANZOOR,
ASMA ABDUL-LATIF & FARZANA RASHID
...div>
statistically significant inverse association (r=-0.063, p<0.05) was
observed between dietary calcium intake and obesity suggesting that an
increase in calcium intake can decrease the chances of obesity
incidence.
...

SAGHIR AHMAD*, WARDA HANIF & SANA YOUNAS

.../160) for non-farmers. A significant difference (P-value 0.00; OR: 3.655; CL: 1.77-7.51) was found between seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in farmers and non-farmers. Furthermore, the infection rates higher in females as compared with male subjects. The results suggested that milk and meat of infected sheep and goats might be responsible for transmission of T. gondii from sheep and goats to farmers of study area.

...

SADAF IFTIKHAR1, SAMAN SHAHID2*, MUHAMMAD UMAR HASSAN1 & UBAID ULLAH3

...cal cases were not found significantly different in platelet counts and LDH values. In developing countries, LDH along with platelet count and D-dimers can make a cost effective trio for an earliest detection of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC). Regular monitoring of these biomarkers can prompt early detection and timely management of CAC.

...

Muhammad Syarif Djaya1, Osfar Sjofjan2, Hartutik Hartutik2, Irfan Hadji Djunaidi2 

...arch to identification a significant effect. The results showed used different carotenoid give insignificant difference (p < 0.05) on the whole egg quality and yolk quality. In summary, even though present slightly different the carotenoid can be used as natural pigmentation on Alabio laying ducks.  

...

Saloua Ziani1*, Khalid Sohaib2 , Youssef Lhor3, Ikhlass El Berbri4, And Ouafaa Fassi Fihri4  

...ng animals, which varies significantly. The objective of this study is to investigate the reasons for variations in antibody titers in dogs. Data from 848 dogs exported from Morocco was collected. The results revealed that too-old dogs (over six years) or too young (under four months) are also less likely to respond to vaccination than dogs that are four months to six years old. A dog receiving a booster dose is better immunized than a dog receiving a single d...

Nusrat Habiullah1*, Shah Nawaz Kumbar1, Fahmida Parveen Samo1, Shamusuddin Bughio2, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Burirah Rehman Talpur1 

Muhammad Ashfaq ur Rahman1*, Saleem Khan1, Aurang Zeb1, Zia ud Din1 and Zafar Iqbal3 

...group were statistically significant at both 3 and 6 months PI. Patients in the control group either maintained or lost weight, with an average loss of 3.29 kilograms (7.1 pounds). In conclusion, pTB patients benefited from organized nutrition counselling sessions and the supply of extra food packs, which led to an increase in weight and an improvement in their nutritional condition. 

...

Qasim Ali1, Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed

...: justify;">Litchi holds significant importance as a global fruit crop due to its rich content of essential vitamins such as C, B-complex, and flavonoids, which play a crucial role in maintaining a balanced human diet. The process of pollination, a vital ecosystem service, substantially contributes to enhancing the nutritional quality and yield of cross-pollinated fruits and vegetables. To evaluate the impact of bees and syrphid flies on enhancing the physical...

Muhammad Umar Farooq1, Kashif Ishaq1*, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Muhammad Farooq Iqbal1, Tanveer Ahmad1, Jamil Akbar1, Asim Fraz2, Sara Naeem1 and Aansa Latif1

...easurements. The FCR was significantly (P=0.014) lower (6.83) in the T1 group during the re-alimentation period followed by T2 and T3. Total feed cost was also significantly (P<0.05) lower in T1 (Rs. 1938). Serum glucose was also higher (P=0.04) in group T1 (63.11 mg/dl) and least in T3 (55.97 mg/dl). This is also confirming the physiological modification in feed restricted animals that are responsible for compensatory gr...

Shakirat Bolatito Ibrahim1, Raheem Olatunji Aminu1,2*, Aisha Olushola Arowolo1 and Adams Sanusi Musa1

...nces, and land ownership significantly influenced household dietary diversity status. In the logit model, age, household size, land ownership, cooperative society, extension visits, credit availability, land rights, and distance to medical centres are significantly correlated with food insecurity. Thus, policy strategies aimed at improving households’ access to functional healthcare services and cultivable agricultural...

Ali Mosa Rashid Al-Yasari1, Zahid I. Mohammed2, Haider S. Almnehlawi3,4, Ali F Bargooth5, Nawar Jasim Alsalih1, Huda F. Hasan6*, Mohenned A Alsaadawi1 

... the research parameters significantly differed across the groups on day 0. Days 1 through 28 showed that STZ-Diabetes group had the uppermost blood glucose level with lowermost blood insulin among the study groups as a result of the induction of diabetes. Comparing the STZ group to the control and camels’ milk groups, the blood glucagon level was the highest in the STZ group. Comparing the diabetes group to other groups, immunohistochemical analysis rev...

Romedi Çelik

...and beak width were also significant (P < 0.05). Moreover, the differences in beak length and beak width were significant (P < 0.05). Today, although anguts are morphologically similar to the Demkeş breed in Turkey, they do not have trumpeting sound ability. The trumpeter breeds of fancy pigeons are so named because of their unique vocalizations, which sound vaguely like low laughter. The data obtained on the morpholo...

Erni Damayanti1, Herry Sonjaya2*, Sudirman Baco2 and Hasbi Hasbi2

... of cells did not differ significantly (P>0.05). However, the results of the correlation test between the H2O2 concentration and the embryo’s ability to reach the morula stage were negatively correlated. The lower the concentration of H2O2, the higher the chances of the embryo reaching the morula stage. The conclusion is that the high H2O2 can inhibit the development of Bali cattle embryos that are cultured in vitro.

...

Jyotsana Shakkarpude1*, Aditya Mishra2, Deepika D. Caesar2, R.K. Sharma3, Anand Kumar Jain2, Sanju Mandal2, Rajesh Kumar Vandre4, Danveer S. Yadav5, Bhavna Ahirwar6 and C.P. Solanki6

...ich differed (p<0.05) significantly between groups. The overall mean value of plasma HSP70 of high betaine group was minimum followed by low betaine group and control group had maximum mean value which differed (p<0.05) significantly between groups. The overall mean values of albumin/globulin ratio of control group were higher than the betaine groups which differed (p<0.05) significant
Saad Ibrahim Al-Sultan1, Mariam H.E. Khedr2, Ahmed S. Abdelaziz3, Mostafa M. Abdelhafeez4, Tamer Mohamed Gad5, Sabry Mohamed El-Bahr6,7*, Sherief Abdel-Raheem1,8 and Hesham A. Khalifa3
...collected from Egypt had significantly (p< 0.05) higher metal residues than that collected from Saudi Arabia. Cadmium content exceeded the established maximum permissible limits (MPL) in 65%, 20%, and 70% of liver, kidney, and tongue samples collected from Egypt, while only 35%, and 20% of the Saudi liver and kidney samples exceeded MPL. Arsenic residue levels exceeded MPL in 50%, 50%, and 25% of the Egyptian liver, kidney, and tongue samples. None of the e...

Baoxuan Nong1,2, Biqiu Wu3, Anlong Xu2, Wenai He2 and Yongfu Qiu2*

...aacute;th), has become a significant threat to rice production. Identification of WBPH-resistant germplasm and genes can promote the development of resistance varieties and effectively limit pest damage. In this study, fourteen varieties of rice were surveyed for insect resistance by assessing growth rates via seedbox screening, feeding activity via measurements of honeydew excretion, and insect development by counting the number of hatched nymphs. Two resista...

Shafi Muhammad1, Bibi Nazia Murtaza2, Aftab Ahmad1, Muhammad Shafiq3, Nurul Kabir4 and Hamid Ali1*

...IL-17A serum levels were significantly higher in fibrotic patients compared to chronic HCV patients and showed a positive correlation with age. The constructed gene network revealed interactions between IL-17A and various other genes, especially chemokines. IHC analysis revealed significant changes in the architecture of liver especially an abnormal expression of alpha (α)-SMA and the activation and transmigration of K...

Sidra Mumtaz1, Sidra Arshad1, Rizwan Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Usman Rashid2 and Naila Malkani1*

...d OR calculated showed a significant relation between Ets factor expression and breast cancer risk (OR=3.185, 95% CI=2.161–4.69, p<0.001). In subgroup analysis, Ets-1 overexpression was found highly associated (OR=2.149, 95% CI=1.141–4.048, p= 0.018) with breast cancer as compared to other Ets factors. Funnel plots confirmed no publication bias. Our study suggested Ets overexpression (especially Ets-1) might indicate an increased progression rat...

Urosevic Milivoje1, Matejevic Milosava2*, Mandic Radomir3 and Dameski Pance4

...n showed a statistically significant positive correlation between certain morphometric parameters of the horns, such as the length of the horns and the circumference of horn in the second and in the third third distance from the base. A positive correlation was also observed between curvature of horns and circumference in the first and second thirds, as well as between curvature of horns and horn span.

...

Sha Li1,2, Yacheng Hu1,2, Wenjing Li3, Wei Su1,2 and Wei Jiang1,2*

...species were found to be significant (P <0.05). The values of b in LWRs ranged from 2.455 to 3.009. New maximum total length (TL) and standard length (SL) records for two of the nine species were reported, and the first report of LWRs of Xenocypris davidi was provided. The results of our study provided Fish Base with new data and basic biological information for research, management, and conservation of the middle Yangtze River ecosystem.

...

Jaweria Iqbal1, Muhammad Tanveer Altaf2, Muhammad Faheem Jan3, Waqas Raza4*, Waqas Liaqat5, Ikram ul Haq6, Amna Jamil7, Sameer Ahmed1, Amjad Ali2 and Arif Mehmood8

...sypium hirsutum L.) is a significant global crop and a vital raw material for industries. Studying existing cotton germplasm is crucial for discovering new genetic resources for future breeding. In this study, the effectiveness of EST-SSRs and ISSRs markers were compared for assessing genetic variation among 45 Pakistani Bt and non-Bt cotton varieties. ISSR and EST-SSR primers yielded 108 and 28 loci, respectively. The polymorphism was found 32.40% for ISSR, w...

Getulio A. Barcenas Jr.1* and Luisa Marie I. Barcenas2 

...ications. Results showed significant differences in plant responses wherein the application of GA3 resulted in the longest vine length at the two-leaf stage (3.24 m) and enhanced the staminate flower production. Ethrel enhanced pistillate flower tendency and improves yield when applied at cotyledon stage. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) showed the shortest vine length (1.49 m) at the two-leaf stage and improved pistillate flower production. BAP application enhanced yield ...

Salim Saifullah1*, Tasmina Kanwal2 and Khadija Rehman2

...interactions can exert a significant influence on the formation and characteristics of clouds, thereby affecting climate patterns at both regional and global scales. Understanding the complex relationships between various factors are of the utmost priority in formulating productive policies and strategies for mitigating air pollution and the detrimental impacts of climate change. The objective of this review is to examine the complex interplay between chemistr...

Nur-E-Farjana Ilah1, Md. Joynal Abedin2, Esmout Jahan Alice1, Taiba Akter Laboni1, Mst. Shahinur Khatun1, Most. Shakila Sarmin1, Md. Ashekur Rahman1, Obaidur Rahman1, Md. Akhtarul Islam1, Muhammad Ali Fardoush Siddquy3 and Md. Yeamin Hossain1*

...ues below 0.945 and were significant (P<0.001). The estimated allometric coefficient (b) suggested the combined sexes showed isometric growth (b~3). The statistical analysis conducted in this study revealed a highly significant LLR (p<0.001) with an r2 value exceeding 0.944. The form factor (a3.0) was found as 0.0155, while the size at first sexual maturity (Lm) was determined as 12.36 cm TL. The natural mortality (Mw)...

Muhammad Shahid Nisar1*, Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Ghulam Fatima2, Irfan Ahmed4, Khizar Sami Ullah2 and Syeda Amber Hameed2,5

...) (25% BF + 75% FW). Non-significant results (p>0.05) were found in feed intake and body weight gain and carcass characteristics in all treatment groups while feed conversion ratio (FCR) were resulted significantly difference (p<0.05) in D2 (1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th week), D3 (1st and 3rd week) and D4 (1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th week). In case of organs weight except gizzard, all other organs (liver, heart, intestine, pancreas, l...

Aamir Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Farooq Bhatti, Muhammad Summer and Ali Haidar Gormani

...extracts have also shown significant pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-diabetic and antidepressant activities. Further studies should explore the mulberry leaves potentials as these plants have got the attention of both the pharmacological and commercial industries.
 
Novelty Statement | The mulberry leaves possess various therapeutic po...

Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Afzal1,2, Muhammad Arshad1, Samina Khalid3, Naunain Mehmood4

...optera: Noctuidae), is a significant agricultural pest that can cause extensive damage to maize crop. We determined the effectiveness of various insecticides against S. frugiperda and their ability to deter feeding. Radiant and voliam flexi had the highest mortality rates of 95.0% and 91.7%, respectively, at higher concentrations, while Coragen and Proclaim were moderately effective, with mortality rates ranging from 36.7% to 81.7%. The least effective insecti...
Nighat Nisar*, Hasina Maham Qadri, Asad Afridi, Muhammad Sami Khan, Muhammad Abdullah Khan
... quality of services and significant factors leading to students’ level of satisfaction towards services provided by cafeterias in public sector medical institute of Karachi, Pakistan. A cross sectional study design was adopted with a sample size of 318 round of to 400 and by using qouta sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data regarding cafeteria use, food consumption, frequency, waiting time, cost, ambience, attitude of cafe...

Slamet Widodo1*, Mohammad Ikhsan Shiddieqy1, Teguh Wahyono2, Yeni Widiawati1, Zultinur Muttaqin1

...nutrients. A total of 27 significant (p<0.05) among nutrient content, digestibility, and gas production were determined in this study. The most significant correlations were between OMdPeps and NdPepsin, CP and NdPepsin, OMdPeps and CP, CP and Fat, CP and Ca, OMdPeps and Fat, DMdPeps-Fat with the highest R (0.853 to 0.985) and R2 (0.728 to 0.970). In conclusion, there were significant c...

Mohammed M. Jassim, Mohammed R. Abduljaleel*, Zainab B. Abdulkareem, Noor H. Sanad, Ibrahim M.H. Alrashid

... the osteotomy sites was significantly improved in the rabbits that had been subjected to the SMF. When comparing to the controls, the SMF group’s cellular morphology ratings were significantly higher (P 0.050). These findings showed that using the osteotomy gap model with SMF enhanced the histological and radiographic features of rabbit bone healing. Rabbits that were under the risk of the delayed fracture healing cou...

Maria Endo Mahata*, Yose Rizal, Zurmiati, Sepri Reski

.... The results revealed a significant (p<0.05) impact on OM, CP, ash, salt, and alginate contents but did not significantly affect DM. Immersing P. australis in flowing water for 4 h is the optimal duration for decreasing salt content up to 97.62% while increasing CP and alginate levels proportionally. Immersion treatment in flowing water maintained the DM, OM, and ash contents.
 
Keywords | Br...

Rokhani Rokhani1, Amam Amam2*, Mochammad Wildan Jadmiko2, Dhimas Yusantoro2

...powerment positively and significantly affected the economic dimension with the equation Y = 27.712 + 0.305X and the social and cultural dimension with the equation Y = 13.531 + 0.310X. It is concluded that it is necessary to increase the implementation of farmer empowerment regulated in the Government Regulation Number 6 of 2013 and evaluate all lines to support the One Thousand Cattle Village Program sustainability.
 

Arief1*, Roni Pazla2

...cated that there were no significant differences in FCM production among the treatments, except for T3, which demonstrated higher production. Milk fat and lactose levels also did not exhibit significant differences. However, there were significant variations (P < 0.05) in the consumption and digestibility of crude fiber, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extract. A mixture of forages, includ...

Sri Suharyati, Tiwi Aries Pani, Akhmad Dakhlan, Syahrio Tantalo, Kusuma Adhianto*

...he single-birth-type was significantly (P<0.05) different from twin-breed Saburai goats. The quantitative performance of the Saburai goat doe with twin birth types was higher than that of the single birth type. 
 
Keywords | Birth type, Body measurements, Quantitative performance, Saburai goat doe
...

Nur Saptahidhayat1, Claude Mona Airin1, Yanuartono1, Dyah Ayu Widiasih1, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto1*, Sri Handayani Irianingsih2, Meta Iqomah3

.... This result presents a significant difference (p<0.05) in milk production, which is a combination of basal feed with Protelis® concentrate supplementation. However, the milk quality presents insignificant differences (p>0.05). In summary, the composition between basal feed and Protelis® concentrate increased milk production by 28.3% and improved the quality of milk protein, milk fat, lactose, solid non-fat, a...

Al-Moataz Bellah Mahfouz Shaarawy1, Wael Mohamed Wafa1*, Ashraf Ali Mehany1, Reda Abdel Samee Ahmed Rezk2, Shereen Kamal Genena1, Mohamed Hamada El-Sawy1 

...ST and ALT in serum were significantly increased (P<0.05, 0.01 and 0.001), while TSH, T3, T4, total protein, glucose, cholesterol, Ca, P, Na, and K, ALP activity, and milk yield significantly decreased (P<0.05, 0.01 and 0.001) in summer than in spring in Friesian and crossbred cows. In summer season, Friesian cows showed significant increase (P<0.05, 0.01 and 0.001) in RR, PR, cre...

Sajid Mehmood Shahzad

...urces that have received significant attention in terms of study for their biological properties. Marine organisms rely on Seaweeds as a crucial component of their environment and the food chain. People can use Seaweeds for many purposes, such as food, medicine, cosmetics, and industrial processes. Several types of aromatic and cosmetic Seaweeds used in the cosmetics industry may be found off the coast of Pakistan. Pakistan generated $1.94 million in 2020 as t...

Shafqat Ullah1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Rafiq Ullah1, Raheela Taj3, Fatima Syed3, Shumaila Gul4, Faiza Khan5, Ibad Ullah Jan6, Muneeb Islam7 and Sumaira8

...oventriculus etc. showed significant (P≤0.05) results in each of selenium-supplemented groups. Overall, 0.3 mg/kg (Basal diet) of selenium showed better results with respect to the positive control group.

...

Siddique Ahmad1*, Basit Ullah1, Sajid Ali2, Ali Zaid1, Zeeshan Ahmad3, Muhammad Usaid1, Muhammad Zeeshan1 and Saif Ullah3

...e application of bio-aab significantly (P≤0.05) improved tillers m-2 (12%), grains spike-1 (15%), biological yield (31%) and grain yield (39%) as compared to control plots. Results of the bio-aab treated plots were found (8%) superior yield than without bio-aab. 

...

Salma Sharif1, Rana Arsalan Javaid2*, Abid Majeed2, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed2, Qurat ul Ain Sani2, Faiza Siddique2, Muhammad Arshad3 and Niaz Ali

...ree replications. highly significant differences were observed for all the quantitative traits as days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of tillers, panicle length, flag leaf area, leaf length, culm length, culm diameter, number of grains per panicle, grain length, grain diameter, chlorophyll content, net differential vegetation index, thousand grain weight and grain yield. The overall mean for Grain yield ranged from 1.71 tons/ha to 6.18 tons...

Sona Salem El-Nwehy1*, Assem Abbas Mohammed El-Naggar2 and Adel Badr El-Nasharty1

...rcent or 100 percent NPK significantly improved yield and growth, as well as improved quality, because of increasing bio-N, P, and K production and saving one-fourth of the amount of chemical fertilizer, lowering production costs, and obtaining a high-quality product with decreasing pollution. 

...

Muhammad Raza Salik1, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal1,2*, Ayesha Komal3, Muhammad Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah4, Faheem Altaf5, Akbar Hayat1 and Hira Tariq1

...ad and canopy volume was significantly higher in T4 as compared to T1. Fruit of larger size was obtained in 2013 in T4 while in 2012 no such effect was observed. Fruits obtained in the year 1 (2012) did not differ in weight but in the second year (2013) plants of T1 yielded fruits of significantly less weight. Significantly less number of seeds/fruit was found in plants grown at a distance...

Moazzam Baig*, Sohaib Ahmed and Arz Muhammad Umrani

...ypothesis shows that the significant relationship between Dependent and Independent variables i.e. Forest Degradation and Socio-Economic Factors.

...

Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Ayaz Khan2 and Nowsherwan Zarif1

...ss carbon stock has been significantly reduced. The study recommends to conserve and develop these forests through initiation of a REDD+ Project with active community participation. It is also recommend to stop open grazing and illicit cutting for the rehabilitation of these valuable forests.

...

Khalid Hussain1*, Tanvir Hussain2 and Muhammad Inamullah Khan3

...hip was found relatively significant showing limitations of climate in the radial growth. Precipitation found as a strong growth limiting factor in comparison to temperature. Beyond the year 2000 C.E, the rainfall ratio was found to be on the decline, whereas the tem perature was on the rise; this phenomenon triggered fast radial growth. Moreover, increase in the diameter of the vessels was observed in the species more probably as a result of rise in mean annu...

Aishat Adetola Anifowose*, Nkechi Betsy Izuogu and Benoit Katchitche Sossou

... nematode population was significantly higher (P=0.05) in treated plants than in control plants. Galling was most severe in negative control plants with poor yield. Even so, the yellow jersey variety was more susceptible to Meloidogyne incognita infection. However, the combination of EM and compost manure had significantly higher performance than the other treatments, especially on the Boniato variety. The implications of EM...

Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1, Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi1*, Hassan Abd- El-Khair2, Usama S. Elkelany1, Mahfouz M.M. Abd-Elgawad1 and Mona G. Dawood3

...ce of PP. All treatments significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased weights of plant branches and tubers; especially by individual than combined treatments. Biochemical compounds were influenced by different treatments of the tested materials. The diversity and community of aerobic bacteria, spore-forming bacteria and fungi and frequency% of fungi in potato rhizosphere varied among different treatments.

...

Wisit Ketpanyapong1, Kulisara Marupanthorn2*

...d hemoglobin levels, and significantly influenced serum antioxidant concentrations. The 50 mg/kg showed the highest serum antioxidant capacity, followed by 10 mg/kg. The boars in the MOLE-supplemented group exhibited a significant (P=0.004) reduction in the percentage of total sperm abnormalities. MOLE in the diet can notably enhance blood parameters in breeding boars and improve antioxidant status and sperm quality.
...

I Nyoman Sumerta Miwada1*, I Nyoman Sutarpa Sutama1, Agus Susilo2

...ter content, and fat but significantly affected protein and ash content (p<0.05). In the color aspect, the L* and a* values ​​significantly decreased (p<0.05), but the b* values ​​significantly increased. Texture profile analysis showed a significant increase in hardness, guminess, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness (p<0.05). The a...

Retno Setyaningsih1, Sri Murtini2*, I Wayan Teguh Wibawan2, Surachmi Setiyaningsih2, Ekowati Handharyani3

...re to male rabbits but insignificant among breeds group of Oryctolagus cuniculus species or European rabbits. There were no RHDV antigen can be found from asymptomatic seroconverted RHDV rabbits in this study using DAS ELISA while seroconversion was affected by age and sex while there was no significant difference of seroconversion among breeds of Oryctolagus cuniculus or European rabbits which spreading among asymptomatic r...

Nurul Isnaini*, Dedes Amertaningtyas, Hanief Eko Sulistyo, Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti, Faizal Andri

...hed media gave gradually significant differences (p < 0.05) in the egg weight, number of eggs of BSF success to hatch, hatchability, length, width, and number of change becoming flies at period shown. Conclusively it has been shown that the different enriched media gave positive effect until 75% replacement. Those treatment controls are not recommended.
 
Keywords | Black soldier fly, Feed, Fermentation, Health, Reproductive

Abd-Alfattah Abd-Alhamid Alderey1, Nabila Elsaid Mahmod El-Kassas1, Eman Said El-Hadad1*, Manal Hamdy Gomaa1, Eman Ashour Hussein2  

...l assays. Results showed significant (P<0.001) increase in feed intake with all SOP diets compared with controls. Feed conversion ratio was improved (P<0.05) in response to feeding hens on the diet containing SOP15%+E compared to control. Number, daily mass, and production rate of eggs were increased (P<0.001) by SOP15%+E and SOP20%+E or DY. Egg shape index and plasma cholesterol and triglyceride were improved (P<0.05 or P<0.001) by all SOP20% d...

Naeem Tariq Narejo1*, Muhammad Hanif Chandio2, Faheem Saddar3, Majida Parveen Narejo4, Bushra Ainy Dars5, Hafeez ur Rehman Narejo6, Athar Mustafa Laghari2, Shafiq ur Rehman Shaikh3, Shahnaz Rashid7 and Ghulam Abbas7

... by T-III. Conversely, a significant drop in performance was observed in T-I (p < 0.05). The highest temperature, measured at T-III, was recorded as 32 °C during the month of June. Conversely, the lowest temperature, observed at T-I, was recorded as 25.5 °C in the month of April. The month of June exhibited a higher dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in T-II, measuring at 5.6 mg/l. Conversely, the month of April recorded a minimum DO concentration ...

Abir Ishtiaq1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Maria Younas1, Tasveer Ishtiaq1, Zara Naeem3 and Muhammad Naeem4*

...y, in H. nobilis. Highly significant (P<0.001) positive correlation was observed between fish size (weight and total length) and various body constituents of the fish. Positive allometry for all the studied constituents was found except for log total water content which represented negative allometric pattern with an increase in body size of farmed H. nobilis. Condition factor showed no significant correlation (P>0.05)...

Tanvir Hussain1,2*, Kafeel Ahmad2, Muhammad Bilal Zia1, Hammad Uddin1, Khalid Hussain1, Muhammad Inamulla Khan3 and Said Akhtar Khan1

... genetic variability has significant promise for the management and conservation of this species in the future. 

...

Afshan1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Rafiq Ullah1, Tahira Tayyab1, Fatima Syed3, Raheela Taj3, Shumaila Gul4, Faiza Khan5, Ibad Ullah Jan6, Syed Weqas Ali7 and Assad Ullah8 

...ldehyde (MDA) both shows significant (P≤0.05). In conclusion I assume that 0.3mg/kg of selenium supplementation in redox status and thyroid hormone show better results in comparison to the control group.

...

Ikramullah and Inayatullah Jan*

...y showed that OFWM has a significant positive effect on irrigated land expansion in the research area. The results show that the average irrigated land area increased significantly for major crops, viz., wheat (16.7 kanal), maize (14.5 kanal), and rice (1.71 kanal). The results of the paired t-test revealed a significant increase in the mean differences of wheat, maize, and rice, after the...

Ahmad Khan1, Muhammad Amjad Ali1, Muhammad Tahir1, Samreen Nazeer2*, Muhammad Zubair Akram3*, Muhammad Arslan Azmat1 and Sabina Asghar4

...alls per pot. There were significant variations observed among the varieties, indicating varying levels of resistance or susceptibility to nematode infestation. Ujala-16 and Sehar-06 demonstrated resistance (R) having maximum RGS (Root gall Severity) of 2.2 and 3.1 with minimum RI (Resistance Index) of 34.6 and 32.5, respectively. Faisalabad-85, Zardana-80, Morocco, and Mexipak-65 displayed moderate resistance (MR) while six varieties exhibited intermediate (I...

Muhammad Mukhtar*, Syamsul Bahri, Syahruddin 

...the treatment had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on growth and biomass production, and a significant effect (P<0.05) on nitrogen uptake. The highest yield for plant height growth reached 446 cm and the growth of tiller number reached 39 tillers. The highest yield in the production of fresh matter weight was 40 kg/m2 and dry matter weight was 688.2 gr/m2. The highest leaf blade percentage obtained was 65% in LOF Bio...

Fateh A. Badi*, Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati, Naif Al-Gabri 

... of plant and mashroom insignificantly increased the total WBCs compared with G group. Mixture and Ganoderma groups was significantly decreased the heterphiles/lymphocytes ratio in comparing with C (p=.004, .03 respectively). The eosinophils were significantly increased in the GO group in comparing to G and C groups (p=.04, .05 respectively). G group result in sig...

Haneen Imad Al-Sultani1*, Ahmed Obaid Hussain1, Hazar Shakir Saleh2 

...copic examination showed significant histopathological changes in the kidneys of the groups treated with rosuvastatin compared to the control group, which included mild, moderate, and severe injuries: necrosis, congestion, hemorrhage, glomerular degeneration, fatty changes, cysts and vacuoles in the renal tubule cells and lymphocytic infiltration in the kidney tissue with gradual increase in rosuvastatin concentrations 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Conclu...

Sajida Batool1, Mubeen Akhtar1, Shafaat Yar Khan1,2*

...that body mass index was significantly (P<0.05) elevated in PCOS patients when compared with BMI of control females. Number of successful pregnancies were noticed to be significantly (P<0.001) increased in control females. Percentage of infertile, hirsute and acne patients was higher in PCOS group, while serum interleukin-3 level was significantly (P<0.05) lower in PCOS patients t...

Md. Ariful Alam1, Mst. Misrat Masuma Parvez1, Md. Salauddin2*, Rakibul Islam1 and Md. Bazlar Rashid1

...y which is statistically significant (P<0.01) and highest body weight gain was recorded from T3 group treated with yeast 1.5g/kg feed. In the case of hematological parameters, the values of Hb and TLC were statistically highly significant (P>0.01) at 10 days and 30 days of post-infection. Total White Blood Cell (WBC) number was increased and Hb level was decreased in 10 days post-infection in all infected groups. Where...

Md. Ariful Alam1, Mst. Misrat Masuma Parvez1, Md. Salauddin2*, Rakibul Islam1 and Md. Bazlar Rashid1

...y which is statistically significant (P<0.01) and highest body weight gain was recorded from T3 group treated with yeast 1.5g/kg feed. In the case of hematological parameters, the values of Hb and TLC were statistically highly significant (P>0.01) at 10 days and 30 days of post-infection. Total White Blood Cell (WBC) number was increased and Hb level was decreased in 10 days post-infection in all infected groups. Where...

Javed Iqbal*, Mamoona Hanif, Nadia Hussain Ahmad, Amna Bibi, Zaib-un-Nisa and Sadia Kanwal

...ere fifty genotypes with significant variation. Five heat-sensitive genotypes (Ali akbar-703, Ali akbar-708, IR-1524, Tarzan-1, CIM-598) and seven heat-tolerant genotypes (CIM-602, Cyto-178, MNH-1020, FH-142, MNH-1026, MNH-886 and IUB-222) were chosen. These selected heat tolerant genotypes can be utilized further in breeding program.
...

Imtiaz Khan1*, Abdullah1, Muhammad Ibrahim1, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan1, Saima Hashim1, Shomayela Afzal2 and Khalid Nawab3 

...enuifolius Cav. that has significantly increased the yield and yield components of chickpea. Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl also showed positive effects on weed control and chickpea yield, although to a lesser extent than Pendimethalin. The study highlights the importance of using appropriate weed control methods to enhance crop productivity and reduce weed competition in chickpea cultivation. However, it is essential to consider factors like herbicide resistance, environ...

Afsheen Khattak1, Shahida Naveed1*, Naila Khalid1, Inayat Ullah Khan2 and Tamana Bakht

... V. encelioides extracts significantly affected all the growth variables of wheat and maize seeds. Results revealed that V. encelioides has prominent allelopathic potential against the tested species.

...
Zahir Muhammad1, Muhammad Zubair Anjum1*, Shamim Akhter1, Muhammad Irfan1, Saira Amin1, Yousaf Jamal1, Sharjeel khalid2 and Shakira Ghazanfar2
...T1 and T2 did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from each other but improved (P<0.05) as compared to control. Probiotic treatments significantly (P<0.05) affected the morphometric parameters also. The highest TL (13.94±0.33cm), SL (11.74±0.33cm), DFL (2.14±0.14cm), HL (3.4±0.09cm), ED (0.89±0.02cm), PFL (3.34±0.09cm), PvFL (2.44±0.11cm), AFL (1.88±0.09cm), and ...
Waheed Ahmad1, Muhammad Tayyab1*, Bushra Muneer2*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Mansurud Din Ahmad3, Shagufta Saeed1, Muhammad Nauman Aftab2, Sehrish Firyal1, Muhammad Wasim1, Muhammad Azam4, Muhammad Talha5 and Ali Raza Awan1
...ks of trial demonstrated significant change (P≤ 0.05) in weight gain, feed up take and feed conversion ratio (FCR) as compared to negative control. Locally produced protease showed promising results as compared to positive control which is being used currently in the poultry industry. The weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of 1891.54g, 3750g and 1.98 of experimental group D were comparable to 1874.49g, 3740 g and 1.995 in case of positive co...

Kristina Morkūnienė*, Rūta Insodaitė, Laimutis Kučinskas, Renata Bižienė 

...ype of this polymorphism significantly reduced the odds for varroosis (odds ratio=0.166, 95% confidence interval = 0,049-0,562, p=0.004). SNP at position 7454459 (Asn → Thr) of the Mblk-1 gene has a prominent interface with resistance to varroosis. 

...

Ghani Khan1, Saeed Ahmed Soomro1, Abdul Kabir2, Abdullah Iqbal3*,Naik Muhammad Marri 4, Syed Ahmad khan5, Muhammad Roidar Khan6 , Anees ur Rehman1, Muhammad Zakir Khan7 

... that oxytocin treatment significantly decreased pH levels in milk from the first lactation, while specific gravity did not differ significantly between the control and oxytocin-treated groups. Total solids, ash, and protein concentration were significantly higher in the oxytocin group, while lactose concentration significantly increased in all lactation...

Frah R Kbyeh1*, Ahmed N. Abedsalih2 

...all groups resulted in a significant increase in urea creatinine, sodium, Potassium, chloride concentration in the blood after three days comparison with negative control and in all experimental period (14 days) which was no significant change (P < 0.05) between positive control (PC) and diclofenac treated groups but combination (ciprofloxacin 3.5 mg/kg+diclofenac1mg/kg) COM1 group and combination (ciprofloxacin 1.75 mg/...

Abdul Hayee Gabol1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir Rajput1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi3, Ghulam Qader Mangrio1 and Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito4

...ato varieties were found significantly more susceptible than hybrid varieties that also differ in their relative resistance against T. absoluta. Overall, significantly the highest T. absoluta infestation on tomato leaves and fruits was recorded on Desi local (27.19±9.10 and 9.10±0.44%) and Shimlo (26.47±8.76 and 8.76±0.43%) varieties, whereas T1057 (9.70±3.54 and 3.54±0.19%) suffered...

Muhammad Nauman Arif1, Muhammad Mansha1* and Tanveer Hussain2

...eer (Axis porcinus) is a significant species in Pakistan due to its meat, skin and antlers, but there are insufficient molecular data, provoking us to explore its genetic variation and phylogenetic analysis using ATPase 6/8 genes of mitochondrial DNA. The blood samples from hog deer were collected and DNA was extracted by using in-house organic methods. PCR was used to amplify a total of 880 bp of overlapping genes, which were then sequenced. Bioedit software ...

Yanmei Wang1,2, Haoyun Li1, Lijuan Han1 and Wenkui Wang1*

...Rb, E2F in PH group were significant higher than that of control. Moreover, the expression levels of MIF, p-Raf, p-ERK, p-Akt, p-GSK3β, cyclin D1, p-Rb, E2F proteins in PH group were significantly higher than that of the control. It can be concluded that, MIF participated in the occurrence of PH, possibly through Raf/ERK and Akt/GSK3β pathways by increasing the expression of cyclin D1, phosphorylation of Rb, and tr...

Faiza Naeem1, Muhammad Farooq Sabar1, Muhammad Usman Ghani2,*, Qurat Ul Ain1 and Qurat-ul-Ain Zafar1

...current study, a list of significantly asthma-associated genes was created to identify asthma-associated pathways and ranking of genes based on protein interactions and centrality-lethality hypothesis representing that knockdown of influential node and edge leads toward the development of the disease. This ranking allows identification of the influential protein for the targeted drug discovery and therapies. An extensive study of published articles was conduct...

Shudong Liu1,2, Shuai Wang1,2, Haoran Cui1 and Genyuan Chen1,2*

...luded four SNPs that are significantly associated with the ACMS of sheep. We identified four quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions for ACMS. These QTLs on Ovis aries (OAR) 2 and OAR26. We observe genome-wide significant association with ACMS at four genomic loci: OAR2_130068033.1, OAR2_216769207.1, OAR2_128282778.1 and OAR26_29848682.1. After gene a notation, we found five candidate genes associated with ACMS, including CTL4...

Muhammad Ayub1*, Syed Arif Husain Rizvi2, Ishtiaq Hussain3, Musa Ali Hashmi4, Iqbal Hussain5, Shahid Hussain1, Zakir Hussain1 and Rehmat Kabir6 

...techniques resulted in a significant reduction (92.29%) in the population of mealybugs compared to the control trees. Furthermore, a maximum number of adult mealybugs (512) were recorded in Gunny bags wrapped on willow (S. wilhelmsiana M. Bieb) tree trunks among three types of forest trees during July 2020. In conclusion, soil racking and egg removal should be carried out simultaneously during winter for eco-friendly mealybug management.

...

Ahmed H. El-Anwar, Eid A. Mabrouk, Khaled M. Ali, Nermeen A. Helmy, Rehab M. Reda* 

...he n-ZnO group exhibited significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvement over that of the ZnO group on all growth performances and serum biochemical parameters compared with the control group except for FC, T3, and T4, which were insignificantly changed. Moreover, AR gene expression and microscopical findings of the testis exhibited a significant improvement in the 2nd and 3rd groups compared to the...

Saboor Naeem and Amjad Usman*

...aharat Kaveri F1 yielded significantly higher (9539 kg ha-1) followed by Durga Seeds and Nutech Seeds while Advanta 303 and Black Long yielded lower 1992 kg ha-1 and 2350 kg ha-1, respectively. Results further revealed the host plant susceptibility indices (HPSI) values was lower for resistant and higher for susceptible genotype. Over all, Baharat kaveri F1 gave better results as it was resistant to L. orbonalis as well as high yielding than other tested genot...

Sara H. Zughayyar*, Amer H. Gyad 

...testinal contents varied significantly (P≤0.05) in volume and weight. Histopathological examinations of the duodenum corroborated the antidiarrheal efficacy of the extract. In contrast to the positive control group, which showed significant edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, rats treated with the Prosopis farcta L. fruit extract exhibited varying degrees of tissue recovery. Particularly, the group receiving 500 mg/...

Muhammad Farooq Bhatti1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Aamir Ali1, Hooria Ashraf Khan1, Rabia Fajar Ali2, Ayesha Muzamil1, Fariha Munir3, Fatima Ijaz1, Rizwan Khurshid3

...(6) per day. Moreover, a significant increase in biological traits including average larval weight (0.979±0.038) and ratio silk gland to body weight (27.386 % ±0.843) was also observed in this group as compared to other groups. The economic traits including cocoon length and width as well as fibroin content of larvae of the Chinese race were significantly higher as compared to Pakistani and Bulgarian races. It ...

Arslan Muhammad Ali Khan1, Rao Zahid Abbas1*, Zia ud Din Sindhu1, Muhammad Shahid Mahmood2

... subulatum essential oil significantly (p<0.05) enhanced the rates of mortality in a dose-dependent manner of adult and larvae of Hyalomma spp. Egg number, egg mass, and larval hatching were also reduced significantly (p<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. As a result, reproductive index (RI), reproductive efficiency index (REI), and nutrient index (NI) were also decreased significantl...

Syed Nouman shah1, Anees Ur Rahman1, Midrar Ullah2, Shahab Ahmad Nawaz1, Muhammad Said1, Abdul Kabir1,3*, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Maaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Sadiq1

...oxin contamination poses significant risks to animal health and performance, affecting various physiological systems and functions. This paper aims to review the current literature on mycotoxin occurrence, effects, and management in silage and identify effective strategies to ensure animal health, productivity, and minimize economic losses. We synthesized evidence from studies on harvest and ensiling techniques, silage additives and preservatives, postharvest ...

Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1*, Ali Zachi Abdul Qadeer Alhilifi2, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Tehniyat Naz Shah3 and Touseef Ahmed1

....E. Smith) is one of the significant insect pests of agricultural crops due to its polyphagous nature. The plants on which it feeds possess variable chemical and physical properties which may influence its biology particularly for growth and reproduction. This study evaluated the growth and fecundity of S. frugiperda on artificial diets. The FAW larvae were reared on two distinct composed artificial diets (bean D1 and chickpea flour D2) and one natural diet D3...

Ying Chen1, Chao-Zheng Li2, Zhun Yu3, Jia Zhou4, Yan Xu4, Zhe Lin4, He Lin4* and Xiao-Wei Huang4*

...lly established; VAP can significantly reduce the activities of LDH, CK-MB in serum of rats, increase the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT in myocardial tissue, reduce the activity of MDA in myocardial tissue, reduce interstitial edema and inflammatory infiltration, and improve the structural damage of rat myocardial tissue. The expression levels of HO-1, NQO1 and Nrf2 protein in rat myocardial tissue were up-regulated. In conclusion, VAP can improve the structu...
Hina Mumtaz, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Arshad, Arif Mehmood and Muhammad Qasim
...52.0–98.0%) showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher mortality than other chemicals. Higher concentrations of abamectin (6000 ppm), chlorpyrifos (12000 ppm) and chlorantraniliprole (700 ppm) showed 100% larval mortality at 24 h post-exposure. Lambda-cyhalothrin (3500 ppm) showed 95% larval mortality at 24 h and 100% mortality at 48 h of application. The medium dose rate of abamectin (4000 ppm) and chlorantraniliprole (600 ppm) also showed 100% larval mo...

Siswanto Imam Santoso*, Agus Setiadi, Maulina Syafa’ati Ningrum 

...or stratum I, there is a significant difference between the profitability of the broiler farm and BRI Bank deposits. 

...

Nazia Suleman* and Asia Riaz 

...nella septempunctata was significantly higher on control (live aphids, Mean= 171.5 days) than other treatments including frozen aphids, frozen eggs of Angoumois grain moth and soaked raisins. Among all treatments, longevity was minimum on frozen aphids (Mean= 66.4 days) for seven spotted beetles. Similarly for zigzag beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus, the number of days the beetles survived was significantly higher on live aph...

Nusirat Aderinsola Sadiku1, Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi2* and Tesleem Taye  Bello

...reated with BPL recorded significantly higher (P< 0.05) mean number of leaves, plant height and yield compared to the untreated control. In addition, BPL at 400 mg/ml had substantially higher nematicidal effects on both the soil and root population of nematodes of L. sativa and compared favourably with the carbofuran treatments. We concluded that BPL could serve as a very potent eco-friendly alternative to synthetic nematicides in managing M. incognita of l...

Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3, Tariq Usman4, Bilques Bano5, Nazia Rubab6, Syed Tasadak Mehdi7, Muhammad Wasim Iqbal8, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar9, Hira Hameed10

...ntic activity. There was significant difference among the various treatment (p< 0.05) and on various days (p<0.05). The highest decrease in the egg per gram was depicted by levamisole; the reduction in EPG was 99.05% as compared to day zero (pre treatment), the lowest reduction of fecal egg per gram was revealed by CAE of neem, the reduction in eggs per gram was 11.25% as compare with day zero and levamisole, oxyclozanide and cobalt in combination repres...

Shu-Zhi Qin, Wen-Pei Ling, Mei-Fang Yin, Chun-Yu Luo and Cheng-Guo Zhao*

...ession in H/R group were significantly increased, while cell survival rate and Bcl-2 protein expression were significantly decreased (P <0.05). Moreover, compared with H/R group, H/R+PF group could reduce the levels of AST, LDH, ROS (P <0.05), reduce the apoptosis rate and the expression of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK proteins (P <0.05), and increase the cell survival rate and the expression of Bcl-2 protein (P <0.05)....
Xiao-Wei Huang1,2, Mei-Li Liu1, Jin-Ji Wang1, Yue-Xin Liu3, Zhe Lin1, Chun-Shu Rong4* and Ji-Xiang Ren4*
...H and VAPL groups showed significant decreases in slient period, significant increases in exercise time and behavior path, and center residence time in the PIR and VAPH groups were also increased significantly. The MDA content in serum of PIR, VAPH and VAPL groups significantly decreased, while the SOD, BDNF and NGF content in serum of PIR and VAPH group...

Yu Song1*, Yueping Wei2 and Peng Wang3

...t four growth stages was significantly low (P <0.05). The dominant taxa phyla for bacterial community were similar in different growth stages. The LefSe analysis indicated that 32 distinctly taxa that were abundant among four stages with a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score higher than 3.5. The α-diversity of the bacterial community in rhizosphere soil was not significantly different among different growth sta...
Subudao Eerdun1, Hai Si1, Rui-Lin Tian1,2*, Hua Mei1, Caicike Badumu1 and Ridunhu Hu1
...or Aeropus Gistel, where significant differences exists in the morphological characteristics of Epiphallus and Phallic complex between Aeropus sibiricus and Aeropus licenti, which is the reliable basis for identifying the two species.

...

Adnan Ibrahim Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa S. Ali3 and Anwer Thamer Ghaffoori2

...le farming projects have significantly and effectively contributed to the development of rural youth in Anbar province and their relative development of administrative and economic skills. It also became clear that there are problems and obstacles that hinder the work of agricultural projects in the areas of financing, financing, marketing, and some managerial and technical aspects. These projects will change the behavior of rural youth as they acquire knowled...

Nguyen Huu Van1*, Nguyen Thi Mui1, Dinh Van Dung1, Van Ngoc Phong1, Tran Ngoc Long1, Le Tran Hoan1, Le Duc Thao1, Vo Thi Minh Tam1, Ngo Mau Dung1, Bui Van Loi1, Nguyen Xuan Ba1, Ton Nu Minh Thi2, Nishino Naoki2

...e DGW of the animals was significantly higher in treatments 3.0% and 2.25% (161.3g/day and 117.1g/day, respectively). Concentrate supplement had significant effects on apparent digestibility of the animals where crude protein (CP) digestibility increased as concentrate level increased, whereas digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased. There were no significant differences i...

Abida Mushtaque1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Aamir Ghafoor1*, Wasim Shehzad2 and Nadeem Ahmad3

...purified rOmpH exhibited significant protection (80%) when challenged with LD50 of P. multocida B:2. From the obtained results it is evident that rOmpH can be used as subunit vaccine against P. multocida B:2 and the purified rOmpH can also be further used to develop diagnostic test i.e., ELISA to screen and assess the immune response of cattle and buffaloes against P. multocida B:2 in developing countries like Pakistan.

...

Wei Wan1, Xiao-Li Wang1, Shu-Juan Wang2, Qin Si2 and Li-Qing Duan1*

...binations), and the most significant antagonism was observed when combining β-pinene and estragole, with an expected mortality of 29.0% and actual mortality of 3.8%. Furthermore, AChE inhibition was observed with estragole, cuminaldehyde, and 1,8-cineole displayed high potency. L-carvone showed the highest GST inhibition activity, followed by cuminaldehyde. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative co...

Dan Song1,2, Ming-Juan Ge3, Jie Li1,2, Yi Jiang1, Xiu-Mei Kong1, Jiao-Jiao Xu1, Xu Ji1,2, Rui-Xin Shi1 and Qin Zhao1,2*

...raminea ethanol extracts significantly increased ATP content, up-regulated the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, PK, and PFK in hypoxia mice brain. In conclusion, this research demonstrated the anti-hypoxia activity of ethanol extract of G. straminea, which may be related to increased energy metabolism. Our findings provide a basis for investigating hypoxia-related diseases and drug development.

...

Farhana Umer1, Muhammad Sheryar2 and Sangam Khalil3*

... affected their habitats significantly. Dangerous types of power poles in the middle voltage lines which have small distances between the lines and short insulators cause short-circuits between conductor wires or ground-faults. This paper presents a survey conducted in Multan city, Pakistan. In this survey, all 132kV high voltage grids and their 11kV outgoing feeders are observed and their locations are also marked on Google map. This survey includes current c...
Qingsen Ran1,2, Manjing Li3, Jiayin Han3, Lifang Wang3, Han Wang3,4, Shaobo Liu5* and Yanping Wang1*
...fore, it is of potential significant to find biomarkers based on glycolysis-related genes in predicting the prognosis of colon cancer (CC), a common invasive gastrointestinal tumor. In this study, clinical and gene data were collected to identify glycolytic genes that significantly associated with overall survival (OS) rate of CC patients through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Cox regression models. The K-M method w...

Hualong Jiang1, Tao Li2,3*, Jing Xiang3, Hanqing Yang3 and Maolin He3

...ER approaches revealed a significant abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in group EG, while these taxa were rare in sediments of a control group. Increased abundance and metabolic functions of these rare ectomycorrhizal fungi suggested that rare microeukaryotes should play fundamentally ecological roles in local ecosystems, especially when environmental perturbations occurred. This report is the first to address the ecological impacts of sea-crossing bridge con...
Iko-Ojo Charity Ikwe Agada, James Agbo Ameh, Olatunde H. Olabode and Martha Echioda-Ogbole*
...ses in this study showed significant difference (p<0.05) characterized by high prevalence in the dry season with peak of infections in the month of January. Breed disposition to CPE showed highest occurrence in Rottweiler, Alsatian and Boerboel dogs with susceptibility in male dogs (54%) than female dogs (33%) while age distribution showed high CPE affinity for younger dogs less than 12 months (86%) than older dogs (10%). In conclusion, this highlights CPV ...
Amany M. Reyad1*, Aya Maher Rabie1, Reda Mohamed Taha1 and Khalid El-Dougdoug2
...esults obtained showed a significant reduction in the bacterial count of E. coli, Staph. aureus, and K. pneumoniae, indicating that the cocktail phage therapy has a potential application for replacing antibiotics and other means u...
Akram A. Salama1, Moustafa A. Zaghloul2*, Ahmed A. Zaghawa1, Mohamed A. Nayel1, Ahmed M. Elsafey1, Mohamed F. Azooz2, Hanem S. Harb1 and Walid S. Mousa1
...f cattle that has a significantglobal economic impact. This study aims to identify the lumpy skin disease virus that circulated in El-Menofia Governorate between April 2020 and April 2022 by partially amplifying the EEV gene. Additionally, the amplified gene sequence was subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, and the acquired LSDV sequences were compared to those in GenBank. Using the standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and spec...
Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1*, Dalia Y.A. Amin1, Mona A. Ismail1, Basma Hamdy2, Khaled A. El-Dougdoug3
...acquired resistance were significantly increased including total proteins, salicylic acid, phenol, proline, Peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities Nanochitosan and biomagic were treated and improved tissues, cell membranes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and nucleus damage caused by FLV infection in fig plants. Treatment of fig plants with nanochitosan and biomagic led to a significant increase in pl...

Amal Hammad*, Shaaban Gadallah, Tarik Misk, Ahmed Mourad 

...f vomiting. Sedation was significantly higher in XH than other groups at certain time points. Slightly higher sedation was evident in XLL and XLV than XL (greater potentiality in XLL). Sedation was longer in XH followed by XLL then XL and lastly XLV. Vomiting was observed only in XL. Milder alterations in cardiorespiratory parameters and rectal temperature were recorded in XL, XLL and XLV than XH. Significant changes in hema...

Zhimin Wu1,2, Yaping Yang1, Arshad Zahoor1, Aftab Shaukat1 and Ganzhen Deng1,2*

...ween both groups were no significantly different (p>0.05). Only vertebrophrenic angle (cranial) and vertebrophrenic angle (caudal) in all angles measured significantly differed in healthy group versus unhealthy group (p<0.01).

...

Milena Vlahovic*, Dragana Matic, Marija Mrdakovic, Larisa Ilijin, Anja Grcic, Aleksandra Filipovic, Jelica Lazarevic and Vesna Peric-Mataruga

...tion and was found to be significantly reduced compared to control in both acute effects and chronic treatment at 30 μg and its three-day recovery. The PMM reduction during acute treatments is a consequence of cadmium action, while in chronic treatment, the genetic factor (egg mass) plays a crucial role in the change of PMM. According to the index of plasticity, distinct phenotypes were not produced. Significant correlati...

Usama Mahalel1, Barakat M. Alrashdi1, Ibrahim Abdel-Farid1, Sabry El-Naggar2, Mohamed Hassan3, Hassan Elgebaly1 and Diaa Massoud1,4*

...owed that CCl4 injection significantly reduced the body weights of mice and increased the relative liver weight. Treatment with M. forsskalii extract after CCl4 injection restores the weights of mice to the normal range and reduced the relative weight of the liver. Mice that were injected with CCl4 exhibited elevation in the liver enzymes; aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), reduction in the cholesterol content, and altered the...

Aleena Kokab1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1*, Masood Rabbani1, Wasim Shehzad2, Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Sohail Raza1 and Rida Haroon Durrani1

...lmonella outbreaks, is a significant concern for public health and the agro-food sector. The use of bacteriophages, as a potential replacement, for antibiotics and as food antimicrobial agents to potentially target foodborne pathogens is gaining augmented attention. This study’s goal was to isolate and physiologically characterize lytic bacteriophages against Enteritidis, and to ascertain their efficacy in modulating bacterial population on chicken breas...

Taidong Wang1, Xiaowei Huang1, Jian Huang2, Guangfu Lv3 and Zhe Lin1*

...w-dose group (P<0.01) significantly decreased body temperature in rats; high-dose group significantly decreased TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels (P<0.01), and low-dose group significantly decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels (P<0.01); high-dose group significantly decreased BAX, caspase3, COX2 and TNF-α protein expression levels in...
Yi Zhao1,2,3, Lei Luo1,2, Liqi Tan4, Jianhua Huang1,2, Dongliang Liu1,2,5, Shigui Jiang1,2 and Lishi Yang1,2*
...°C and 30°C were significantly lower than the control group of 25°C. Furthermore, lysozyme, catalase and superoxide dismutase in 10 °C and 30 °C were significantly lower than that of 25 °C. ELISA revealed that HSP90 activities was enhanced with the increasing temperature in hepatopancreas after 36h of treatment. HE sections showed that high temperature stress or hypothermia caused deformation of R cel...

Rasema Majeed, Alaa Kamil Mahmood* 

...itosan nanoparticles all significantly reduced DNA damage compared to saline From this study concluded ginger ethanolic extract loaded with chitosan nanoparticles provided greater protection than ginger ethanolic extract or chitosan nanoparticles alone. Encapsulation of ginger ethanolic extract in chitosan nanoparticles enhances these protective effects, warranting further research into ginger ethanolic extract loaded with Chitosan nanoparticles as a therapeut...
Haigang Wu1,2, Bingjie Ma1, Jinni Liu1, Fei Zhang3, Kaiwei Deng1 and Hualing Gong1,2*
...yolk viscosity increased significantly (P < 0.05) by 40, 77 and 74%, respectively. Compared with the control group, crude fat, methionine, isoleucine, valine, aspartic acid and proline, Crude fat increased by 6.17, 7.18 and 7.09 respectively (P < 0.05). This study provides evidence that the overall laying performance of aged hens was improved with CHM additions and the effects were dosage-dependent with an optimal dosage of 1 % w/w. 

...

Franciscus Rudi Prasetyo Hantoro1,2,*, Dwi Sunarti1, Turrini Yudiarti1, Sri Sumarsih1, Rini Nurhayati2 

...h stocking density has a significant impact on increasing the number of LAB and coliforms in the ileum, reducing the weight of the thymus, and reducing the amount of feed consumed. The lower the crude protein level, the lower the NDV antibody titres, but it did not affect the blood profile, LAB and coliform numbers, lymphoids, MDA levels, or growth performance. It was concluded that high stocking densities and reduced crude protein levels have the potential to...

Lijiao Wang1, Haibin Chen2*, Hongyan Yu1, Zexian Fu3 and Jianjun Zhao2*

...ion of EPAS-1 in RCC was significantly increased (P < 0.05, χ2 = 4.311). The correlation between the expression of EPAS-1 and primary tumour staging, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade of clear cell RCC patients were analysed. The classification using ISUP was significantly correlated with the expression of EPAS-1 (P < 0.05). The ROC curve sh...

Ho Thi Dung, Nguyen Van Chao, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Le Dinh Phung, Tran Thi Na, Nguyen Thi Thuy, Tran Nguyen Thao, Pham Hoang Son Hung* 

...p>...
Suneela, Sajida Mushtaq*, Sadia Maalik, Asma Waheed Qureshi and Moazama Batool
...atistical analysis  significant difference (p-value< 0.005) was found in presence of diversity in different months of sampling. Shannon index was maximum in the month of May (H’=2.819). Canonical Corresponding Analysis (CCA) determines the impact of different environmental factors on presence of different species.
...
Kanwal Nisa1, Sadia Roshan1, Shazia Shamas1,2*, Raheela Atta Mustafa3, Shamaila Irum1, Kalsoom Sughra4 and Memoona Iqbal1 
...igen (PSA). Testosterone significantly affects the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with (P<0.05). In the cases, the mean testosterone, age, PSA was 38.45±36.66, 66.28±6.386 and 9.655±6.656, respectively while in the control group mean testosterone, age and PSA were 194.1±84.08, 59.35±6.794 and 1.295±0.809 respectively. The present study concludes testosterone levels as negatively affected by prostate specific antige...

Asma Sadia Authoy2, Aneek Chanda2, Aparna Datta3, Md Shohel Al Faruk4, Towhida Kamal1* 

...ulnerable (statistically significant p = 0.002). Dogs with ash-colored coats (77.27%) and white-coated dogs (84.62%) showed higher susceptibility than black-coated (47.62%) and brown-coated (58.82%) dogs. Vaccination showed statistical significance for both dogs and cats, whereas deworming was significant only for cats. The study highlights the need for further investigation through structured surveillance to understand vari...

Wang Teng1,2,3,4, Li Chunhou1,2,3,4, Liu Yong1,2,3,4* and Zhu Ren5*

...Beibu Gulf has decreased significantly, especially in large predatory fish and demersal fish. Now, overfishing, habitats destruction, pollution and eutrophication, and non-native species are important threat to native fish biodiversity. The results shed light on the importance of conservation and ecosystem-based fishery management. For better to protect fish biodiversity and fisheries resources, more international cooperation on protected areas, fishing ban, a...

Abroo Fatima Qazi* and Din Muhammad Shaikh

...cids treated rats showed significant decrease in blood glucose level and rise in serum insulin as compared to positive control group (P < 0.001). At the same time, they showed significantly increased expression of insulin gene along with transcription factor PDX1 in group A (P < 0.001). It was concluded that the effect of appropriate dosage of O3FAs on the transactivation of insulin gene by expressing PDX1 can be a new...

Rizki Dwi Setiawan1, Zurmiati2, Wizna2, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli2, Ade Trisna3, Surya Aulia4 

...ementation resulted in a significant difference (P<0.05) in meat lightness (L*) from 35.21 (control) to 40.91 (treatment group) and water-holding capacity from 64.31% (control) to 72.70% (group treatment), but had no effect (P>0.05) on a*, b*, cooking loss, and meat hardness. The administration of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059) also did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on the moisture, ash, crude pro...

Roheela Yasmeen1,3* , Faheem Hafeez1 , Umme Ammara1 , Rubab Younas1 , Sibtain Ahmad2 , Zulfiqar Ali3, Zaheer Ahmad Nasir4 

...d using one way ANOVA. A significant difference of feed was present with litter and air samples within groups (p<0.05) however, no significant differences were recorded among different groups. Overall it was noticed that the concentration of metals in feed samples were reflecting in litter and air. So, there is a need to ensure intervention and management policies in intensive poultry farming facilities to establish stand...

Rahmat Elahi1, Gulnaz Parveen1*, Nazara1, Faryal Ali2, Nain Tara3 and Saba Iqbal1

...ger accounted for 13.32% significantly was less compared to untreated seed. It appears that Fusarium semitectum was found in 13.33% of untreated seeds, while Alternaria solani accounted for 6.66%. However, in the treated varieties, both of these fungi did not appear. Aspergillus niger, on the other hand, had the highest colonies in both treated (46.64%) and untreated (56.66%) seeds. Additionally, Fusarium oxysporum was present in 16.66% of treated seeds and 49...

Daniel Offiong Etim1*, Idorenyin Asukwo Udo2, Rosemary Anietie Bassey1, Victoria Barrong Ogar1 and Etim John Umana1

...erma applied singly were significantly (P< 0.05) reduced root galling, nematode density in soil per plant and nematode reproduction factor (Rf). The combination of different rates of poultry manure with either species of Trichoderma at various spore densities were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited root galling and nematode population more than single application. The combination of T. viride at 2.65 x 107 spores/ml or T...

Amer Hakeem Chyad1, Omar S.I. Al-Janabi2*, Orooba Mohammed Saeed Ibrahim1, Najeeb Mohaamed Hussein3

...m majus L. roots extract significantly altered all tested parameters (sperm count, total testosterone levels, FSH, and LH) compared to the CP group (P 0.05). Root extract of Chelidonium majus L. can be administered. Increase in all parameters and decrease in CP’s adverse effects on the testis.
 
Keywords | Herbal medicine, Biochemical indices, Chelidonium majus L. roots extract, Sperm count, Testo...

Rana Mahmood Ahmad*, Orooba Mohammed Maeed  Ibrahim

...extract on infected rats significantly decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α value after nine days of treatment, which are central inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. Clove oil extract also increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which is crucial in preventing tissue damage due to inflammation. These results led us to hypothesize that clove oil extract therapy speeds up the swit...

Montesqrit Montesqrit1*, Harnentis Harnentis1, Sepri Reski1, Fadhli Fajri2 

...sion of ROSE in the diet significantly (p<0.05) reduced the Escherichia coli population in the intestine as compared to the control group (group A). However, ROSE inclusion in the diet of laying quails had no (p>0.05) effect on the performance parameters. Therefore, 1 to 2% ROSE in the diet of laying quails can be used to replace with synthetic AGP. 

...

Maria Endo Mahata1*, Yose Rizal1, Zurmiati1, Sepri Reski1, Indah Fitri Sakinah Limbong2, Dian Saputri2 

...ithout skin; however, it significantly (p<0.05) reduced the abdominal fat pad percentage of broiler. In conclusion, the inclusion of brown seaweed Sargassum crassifolium in the broiler diet up to 18% reduces corn utilization by 24.49% and rice bran by 54.45% at the starter period and reduces corn up to 21% and rice bran by 50% at the grower period without interfering with their performance.

...
Johan Sukweenadhi1*, Stefan Pratama Chandra1, Finna Setiawan2, Christina Avanti2, Kartini Kartini2, Arief Koeswanto3 and Deok-Chun Yang4
...tion, and TIME-H scores, significant differences began to occur from day 12 to day 14. The average wound area, epidermal reconstruction, and TIME-H scores in the diabetic mice group that were given a dermal patch formulated with silver nanoparticles synthesized using Plantago major L. extract were not significantly different from the normal group and the ACA and ACA Ag groups. Based on these results, it can be conclud...
Hagag, N.M.*•, Arafa, A.*; Shalaby, M. A. ** El-Sanousi, A. A. **and Aly, M. M. 
...za A H5N1 virus, poses a significant threat to the poultry industry and humans in Egypt. Since it was first recognized in 2006, the disease has become enzootic in poultry throughout Egypt and still circulates in the poultry population, so the ability to rapidly recognize AlVs in biological specimens is critical for limiting further spread of the disease in poultry. Application of molecular methods such as Reverse Transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR...

Wisit Ketpanyapong1, Kulisara Marupanthorn2* 

... supplementation did not significantly affect blood indices, except for a reduction in neutrophils and an increase in MCHC at 500 mg/kg diet (P=0.025 and 0.042, respectively). Villus height/crypt depth in the 250 mg/kg diet MOLE group was significantly higher than in the control group (P=0.002). Our study is the first to report that dietary supplementation with MOLE granules at 250 mg/kg improved growth performance, reduced ...

Zein Salwa N; Abd El-khalik, Samaa; Khatab  , Eman A.A.H and Azzam4,Clara R.

...tical analysis indicated significant differences among irradiation doses on plant height; all used doses increased plant height comparing with the control. Inoculation with TMV-S caused decreases in plant height over all other factors. Number of leaves differed significantly according to the used cultivars, gamma ray doses and T&W-S. The highest number of leaves were found during M2 generation, The differences in head di...

Ahmed, Amal A. and Fath-Allah, Mervat M.

...fected apricot plants is significantly higher than that of single infected plant. Increase of CMV in doubly

...

El-Tarabili M. M., El-Shahidy M. S., Rifaat M. M., Kania S. A. and Abdelwahab Shahira A.

...attle and deer shows the significant economic burden of the disease in these animal species.

...

Abeer, E.Mansour and Hegazi, A.Z.

...ther hand, there were no significant differences between the levels of cellular immunity in different vaccinated animal species.

...

M. E. Shawky and A. M. Daoud

...ped ELISA Kit may have a significant impact on initiating emergency control of FMD outbreaks. 

...

Ahmed Abd El-Samie H. Ali

...espectively. There was a significant and minor diminution in the expression of the MHC-II and MHC-I molecules respectively in virus infected calves on days 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-days post infection when compared to control calves. There was close correlation between both in vitro and in vivo of virus immunodown regulatory effects associated with blocking the transport of MHC complexes and prevention or antigen presentation to the immune cells associated with even...

Maria Kikelomo Adegun1*, Femi Godwin Ekundayo1, David Daisi Ajayi2 

...not show a statistically significant difference (p>0.05) among any of the treatments in feed intake. The experimental animals’ final body weight was significantly low in T1 (p<0.05). Although the total weight and average weight gain showed similarities (p>0.05) across different levels of GSF inclusions in the experimental diets, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) ...

Huda M. Hamid1, Fadia W. Al-Azawi2* and Zaid F. Makki3

...pulation, Iraq is facing significant challenges in managing water resources. Dams play a crucial role in managing the country’s water resources through storing and releasing water during periods of high and low precipitation. Understanding the hydrology characteristics of Iraq dams is essential to sustainable water resource management. In this study, different types of dams have been selected (arch concrete, rock fill, rock with a lot of core and stone s...

Tariq I. Almundarij

...eir estrogen levels were significantly different at P<0.01 at age ≥ 8. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in repeat breeder female Majaheem and Waddah camels with a BCS over 4.5 were compared to levels in healthy female camels and revealed that the MDA levels in the two breeds were considerably higher (P<0.05). When compared to the corresponding controls with a BCS of 4, the catalase (CAT) values in overweight female camels with a BCS over 4.5 were substant...

Anak Agung Ayu Sri Trisnadewi*, I Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra

...ed consumption showed no significant differences between all treatments and tended to be the highest in treatment C. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility of treatment A was the lowest but the highest on nitrogen-free extract (NFE) compared to treatments B, C, and D. The crude fiber digestibility was highest in treatment C and significantly different compared to treatment A, B, and D. The nutrient consumption, digestibi...

Nahariah Nahariah1*, Hikmah Hikmah1, Faridah N. Yuliati1, Endah Murpiningrum1, Abdul W. Jamaluddin2, Titis S. Kusuma3, Andi Febyana4, Kartina Kartina1

... yolk fermentation had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the swelling ability and stability of the egg yolk emulsion. There was no effect of fermentation time and the interaction between the two on the swelling ability and stability of the egg yolk emulsion. However, the treatment showed a significant effect on the pH value of fermented egg yolks. Fermentation time and level had no significant

Makmun1, Imam Mujahidin Fahmid2, Muhammad Saleh S. Ali2*, Muhammad Yamin Saud2, Rahmadanih3

... fall in egg prices have significantly impacted small and medium-sized farms, driving many into bankruptcy. Farmers can also make do with fewer animals, altered feeding regimens, and a waiting period for more steady prices. In conclusion, farmers who operate large-scale enterprises are less impacted by changes in the cost of inputs and outputs because they have access to independent input suppliers and market networks that support productive and efficient busi...

Divanildo Outor-Monteiro1,2,3*, José António Silva2,3,4, José Luís Mourão1,2,3, Victor Pinheiro1,2,3

...roduction system did not significantly impact dressing out, visceral development, Warner-Bratzler Shear Force – WBSF and meat pH. In contrast, 84-day-old rabbits reared in cages displayed reduced digestive organ development, decreased caecal acetic acid and increased butyric acid concentration, compared to their counterparts. When comparing slaughter ages, the 84-day-old rabbits exhibited higher dressing out percentages, lower relative organ weights (liv...

Firda Dimawarnita1*, Edwina Gabriela Tesalonika Mustamu2, Yora Faramitha1, Haryo Tejo Prakoso1, Wildan Aulia Noorsy1, Komang Gede Wiryawan2

...treatment did not have a significant effect on DMD, OMD, pH, NH3 concentration, methane gas, and bacterial populations. Treatment showed a significant result (P<0.05) on total VFA. The contents of fulvic acid in raw and delignified EFB, both unfermented and fermented using rumen fluid in-vitro, were around 6.12-6.46%. The use of delignified EFB can accelerate rumen fermentation and increase VFA production.
&nb...

Rizkie Elvania1, Tintin Rostini1, Sakiman2, Ani Susilawati2, Emilda Adriani2, Abd Malik1*

...efore freezing exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) spermatozoa motility. Moreover, the viability and motility of post-thawed semen significantly improved (P < 0.05) at lycopene doses of 1% and 2%. The addition of 1% to 2% lycopene in the extender demonstrated a positive effect on the sperm qualities, particularly enhancing the viability and motility of post-thaw semen from Kalang buffalo.
 
...

Nurlan Akhmetsadykov1*, Tanatar Kydyrov2, Moldir Akhmetzhanova1, Gulnazi Akhmetova3, Maxat Berdikulov4 

...s, such as Surra, causes significant damage to livestock worldwide. The development of new serological diagnostic methods is highly relevant. The primary objective of this study was to produce a recombinant GM6 antigen derived from T. evansi and investigate its immunological properties for the detection and diagnosis of trypanosomosis. To create a recombinant antigen, bioinformatic analysis of the primary structure of T. evansi GM6 antigen from several regions...

Zurmiati1*, Ade Trisna2, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli1, Yelsi Listiana Dewi3, Ulvi Fitri Handayani4, Wizna1 

...subtilis FNCC 0059 has a significant (p<0.05) effect on feed intake (being low in 53x1012 and 65x1010 CFU/ml), body weight, body weight gain (being high in 69x108, 65x1010 and 53x1012 CFU/ml) and feed conversion (being low in 53x1012 and 65x1010 CFU/ml) of male Bayang ducks. In conclusion, the administration of probiotic Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 in drinking water to male Bayang ducks at a dose of 65x1010 CFU/ml can improve the performance and feed effici...

Faisal Alzahani1* and Mohammed Abu El-Magd2*

.... The results revealed a significantly higher cytotoxic effect for CAPE on HepG2 cells than CNPs. The combined therapy with CAPE and CNPs exhibited significantly higher expression of the apoptotic Bax gene and lower expression of the antiapoptotic Bcl2 gene than treatment with each alone. CAPE and CNPs co-treatment also inhibited global DNA methylation levels and downregulated the expression of DNA methylation-related genes ...

Syed Majid Rasheed1*, Tauseef Ali1, Saad Jan1, Faiz ur Rehman2, Muhammad Ali Shah3, Zahid Hussain1 and Abdul Waheed4

...ete block design. Highly significant differences were observed for most traits, except stem diameter and marketable fruit diameter. Among genotypes, G10 flowered earliest (41.5 days), G22 had longest internodes (3.59cm), G16 had heaviest fruits (9.65g), and G14 had longest and thickest marketable fruits (13.8 cm, 1.74cm). Combing ability analysis revealed that non-additive gene action was involved in controlling all traits. Non-additive gene action was importa...

Doungnapa Promket1*, Khanitta Pengmeesri1, Jennarong Kammongkun2, Thassawan Somchan1 

...ropeptide Y (NPY) have a significant influence in the chicken egg production characteristic. In our study, we worked with three hundred Thai indigenous chickens. This study employed PCR-RFLP genotyping of the MTNR1C and NPY genes to investigate their association with egg production traits. The results revealed significant associations between these genes and several egg production parameters on Thai indigenous chicken popula...

Saddam Hummadi1, Nadia Al-Falahi2* 

...e of wounds closure were significantly increased (P≤0.05) in GII and GIII as compared to GI from day six extended to day thirty, while the significant increase in wounds closure in GIII were began from day 15th until day 24th post treatment and completely closed at day 27th without scar formation, in contrast with wounds area of GII which was nearly closed at periods of day 30th, while the wounds of GI exhibited incomplet...

Estabraq Hayder Khayoon, Ammar Ahmed Abdulwahid*  

...e of Acrylamide to rats significantly reduced their tendency to gain weight, a marked rise in the concentration of malondialdehyde and decrease levels of Total antioxidant in blood serum and behavioral differences like Acrylamide greatly decreased the struggling and ascending time in the swimming test, dramatically lengthens the time needed to turn an animal’s head 180 degrees during a negative geotaxis test and decreased locomotors activity in the Y...
Saliha Bashir*, Muhammad Shafique, Muhammad Shahzad, Muhammad Sohail Anjum and Ahmad Ali Shahid
...Fuchs’ crypts were significantly correlated with contraction furrows in both populations. Likewise, crypts were significantly associated with Wolfflin nodules and furrows were significantly related to conjunctival melanosis and pigment spots in KPK sample set. Based on unique iris patterns, these phenotypic traits would be helpful for individuals’ discrimination in the populati...
Raed M. Al-Atiyat1,2*, Gamaleldin M. Suliman3, Khaled Abu-Alruz4, Firas Al-Zyoud5, Amer Mamkagh6, Ahmed M. El-Waziry7, Abdullah N. Al-Owaimer8 and Rifat Ullah Khan9
... head weight which had a significant effect on breed. The phenotypic associations between the traits were also studied and strong associations between economically important traits were reported. The analyses of principal components were efficient in showing the total variation of 13 traits accumulated in linear combinations of four traits of most discriminant power body depth, ear length, body height at the rump, and head length. About 77% of the total variat...

Muhammad Talha Sajjad1, Hamid Akbar1*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Muhammad Abid Hayat4 and Ghulam Mustafa2

...at PRP-wounds had highly significantly (P<0.01) increased levels of neovascularization on days 14 and 28 than control wounds. PRP-wounds had highly significant (P<0.01) increases in re-epithelialization levels and fibroblast numbers at days 14 and 28 than control wounds. In conclusion, PRP-treated wounds accelerated cutaneous wound healing by fostering re-epithelialization and neovascularization in rescued horses than ...

Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain2, Ishtiaq Hassan3, Muhammad Tahir Latif2, Tahira Tabassum1 and Naeem Faisal2

...lings sown in trays were significantly increased with increase in seedling age. Increase in puddled soil settling period and seedling age significantly interacted in increasing filled hills and decreasing missing hills after transplanting the nursery. Root length, plant height and root/shoot ratio was significantly higher at 72 hours puddled soil setting period; however, seedling age didn&...

Farid S. Nassar1,2, Osama A. El-Sayed3, Saidi Ouassaf4, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2* 

...rase, and uric acid were significantly (p < 0.05) lowered. Additionally, the triglycerides were dramatically (p < 0.05) decreased while the high-density lipoprotein composed a higher proportion than the low-density-lipoprotein of the total cholesterols (p < 0.05). Additionally, as dietary FS levels increased, plasma corticosterone (CORT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as stress markers in broilers reduced significant<...

Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu1*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon1, Sachin Kumar1, Tejdeep Kaur Kler1 and Anureet Kaur Chandi2

...harif crop (rice) showed significant difference as compared to Rabi crop wheat. Daily foraging frequency of each individual bird species has signified their year round ecological services as biocontrol agents corresponding to Rabi and Kharif crops. Results have shown that foraging frequency of black drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus) was the highest followed by green bee-eater (Merops orientalis), wire-tailed swallow (Hirundo smithii), common swallow (Hirundo rusti...

Sarah G. Yousef1*, Ahmed Shehta2, Hend M. El Damaty1 and Hussein A. Elsheikh3

...ublic health issue and a significant threat to the dairy and agricultural food businesses. This study was conducted for the molecular investigation of MAP in cattle reared for small-scale dairy production in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Seventy-five fecal samples were collected from diarrheic and healthy dairy cows that came into contact with diarrheic ones for molecular screening. Clinically, 32 of 75 examined cattle showed variable degrees of body weight loss...

Sajjad Khan*, Naila Chand, Abdul Hafeez and Nazir Ahmad

... test. Results indicated significantly high feed intake, body weight gain, improved (P<0.05) FCR, livability and EPEF in group D followed by C, B and E. Same pattern of improved weight of heart, liver, gizzard, pancreas, bursa, spleen and thymus was recorded for the groups studied. Significantly higher (P<0.05) VH, lower (P<0.05) CD and higher (P<0.05) VH:CD in duodenum, jejunum and ileum were recorded in synbiot...

Lingang Dai1,2,3, Xiang Chen1,2,3, Jiajin Huang1,2,3, Jiali Xu1,2,3, Meimei Xiao1,2,3, Jiajing Chen1,2,3 and Yong Ruan1,2,3*

...s, and there were highly significant (P<0.01) and significant (P<0.05) differences in live weight and carcass weight, respectively. In meat quality, the marbling score of female goats was significantly higher than that of male goats (P<0.01), and the shear force of female goats was significantly lower than that of male goats (P<0.01). Regardi...

Rahmat Rahmat1, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Herdis Herdis3, Athhar Manabi Diansyah2, Hasrin Hasrin4 

...f sexing media showed no significant difference (P>0.05) on motility, viability, abnormality, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and movement patterns of spermatozoa in treatment between T1, T2 and T3 treatments both in the upper and lower fraction. In the movement pattern of sexed sperms, There was no significant difference in the kinematics parameters (P>0.05) in the T1, T2 and T3 treatments. The proportion of X...

Hillary M.O. Otieno1,2*

...-targeted organisms that significantly contribute to the well-being of the ecosystem. This review, therefore, explores the potential benefits of widespread herbicide adoption in the region. Also, the study investigates the potential crop and environmental risks that may arise from the improper use of herbicides and highlights the importance of implementing mitigation strategies to ensure sustainable and responsible herbicide usage in the region.

...

Shakir Ullah1* and Lubna Shakir

...their interactions had a significant influence on the phytochemical composition of E. helioscopia. The plant location had the highest effect on the marginal means of compounds (81.517) while the age influenced a variation by a marginal effect mean of 3.863. Some conjugated and non-conjugated compounds were common in all plant parts and ages whereas others either developed or diminished at certain ages. The conjugated compound (UV+, with blue fluorescence) was ...

Tabinda Nowsheen1, Sayed Wadood Ali Shah2, Ali Hazrat1*, Muhammad Yahya1, Gul Rahim1, Muhammad Mukhtiar4 and Muhammad Ajmal Khan3

...thanolic extracts showed significant inhibition against all tested bacterial strains at25, 50 and 100 µg/ml. The methanolic crude extract of A. maritime various parts showed MIC of 37.5µg/ml for S. aureus which is gram-positive bacteria followed by 75µg/ml for P. aeruginosa, (gram negative), and B. subtilis (gram positive) that is nearly similar to the activity of ciprofloxacin (standard). The methanolic leaves extract of A. maritime displaye...
Geeta Moolchandani1, Jaiperkash Moolchandani2*, Nasima Iqbal3
Syed Mohsin Turab4, Muhammad Kashif5 and Lubna Farooq6
...l anemia was found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of HIE. The frequency of HIE risk increased with increasing maternal age. Lowest the serum pH level, highest was the frequency of HIE risk factors. Prolonged 2nd stage of labor was significantly associated with lower neonatal weight, overall, very low and very high birth weight neonates were having higher frequency of HIE risk. To conclude the risk factors...

Taleeha Roheen1, Shagufta Kamal1*, Shazia Anwer Bukhari1, Ghulam Mustafa1 and Saima Rehman2

...ion of MG-1 and MT-1 was significantly higher in the soil of Faisalabad region (FSD) as compared to MG-2 and MT-2 in soil of Sargodha region (SGD). Overall FSD soil was observed to be more suitable for methanogenic and methanotrophic growth than SGD soil according to the conditions needed for microbial growth in soil.

...

Sena’a M. Hussein1,2, Raffal A. Omar3* 

...ctions scores revealed a significant different injections between liposomal lidocaine groups and lidocaine groups. In motor block after injection, there was no significant differences were observed between the two groups during the study periods. Analgesia after recovery clinical evaluation show significantly different between groups, the motor after recovery recorded in

Tinda Afriani1*, Jaswandi1, Yurnalis1, Putri Oktavially1, I Made Merdana2 

...opment of livestock were significantly influenced by genes, particularly, growth hormone (GH). The gene holds potential as a candidate in the Marker Assisted Selection program, which involves using genetic marker technology to enhance livestock selection for desirable growth traits. One approach to improving the performance of Pesisir with Holstein Friesian cattle crosses involves identifying growth hormone variations through analysis of the exon 5 gene. This ...
Muhammad Saleem1, Saifullah Khan2* and Mahmood ul Hasan3
 
...actors, two have found a significant association with the metro bus project delay and four elements as insignificant. The factors that have found with a significant association are material and external issues, whereas, the client, contractor, consultant, and labor-related factors have been found as insignificant. The research recommends that project man...

Aalaa S. Saad1*, Taghreed H. A. Ali2, Nayerah Alatfeehy3, Dalia Elmasry4 

... PNs gradually decreased significantly (P < 0.05) on chilling compared to the control. Moreover, in the PE and PN-treated groups, the relative expression of hemolysin A (hlyA) decreased until the 9th day, reaching 0.251 and 0.125, respectively, and the relative expression of IAP reached 0.293 and 0.125, respectively. Additionally, treating the chicken panne with either PE or PN did not appear to affect the average sensory score of the breaded chicken p...

Haseeb Zafar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Zain-Ul- Abideen1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2, Sibtain Ahmad3 , Umbreen Zafar2 

...ferent broiler farms was significantly varied (P= 0.0011). Some antibiotics like amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, streptomycin, and tetracycline were found 100% resistant while, imipenem, chloramphenicol, tobramycin and ciprofloxacin showed 100% susceptibility to E. coli isolates. These results showed that the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli is very high in Quetta district thus, strict biosecurity and control o...

Abdul Hassan1*, Shahnaz Akhtar1 and Muhammad Ishaq2

...ihood asset has positive significant effect on the choice of agricultural households’ livelihood strategies in the models of rural households type II and rural households type III. The empirical findings depicted that the more human capital, financial capital and social capital that are owned by agricultural households, probably more they have to select strategies of livelihood involving to be engaged in rural households type II and rural households type...

Pedro Nunes1*, José Teixeira1,2, José Luís Mourão1,2,3, Divanildo Monteiro1,2,3, Victor Pinheiro1,2,3

...up at 64 days of age. No significant differences were observed among the treatment groups, except for caecum length, which was greater in the control diet compared to the EOC diets, and cecal content dry matter, which was lower in the control diet relative to the EOC10 diet. Consequently, this study validates the potential utility of exhausted olive cake as a valuable component in rabbit fattening diets, serving as a substitute for dietary fiber in traditional...

Sudeb Saha1,2*, Jay Prakash Ray3, Apurbo Kumar Mondal4, Md. Irtija Ahsan5, Marina Debnath6, Dilruba Afrin7, Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed5, Jayanta Datta Gupta3, Nivedita Datta8, Hugo O. Toledo-Alvarado9, Haruki Kitazawa1

...and monocyte counts were significantly higher for T1, T2 and T3 groups, however, white blood cell and neutrophil counts were decreased. The data suggest that application of a probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC 25250 as a feed supplement might be beneficial in milk yields and composition in subclinical mastitis cows. This potential probiotic strain would be useful for the mitigation of subclinical mastitis and improves the productivity of dairy cows. 
...

Mathew O. Ayoola1*, Kayode Sasona1, Oluwakamisi F Akinmoladun2, Tolulope O. Faniyi3, Abel O. Oguntunji1, Tunde E. Lawal1

... their interaction had a significant (p<0.05) effect on measured growth and hematological parameters. Measured serum biochemical indices of rabbits were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by treatments. Rabbit carcass weight (kg) and dressing-out percentage (%) were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the main and interactive effect of housing with feeding systems. Overall, H3 and...

Salema Lafta Hassan1*, Taghred Jabbar Humadai1, Sabrin Ibraheem Mohsin

...A) method. G1 revealed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the first group when compared to G2, G3, and G4. Histopathological examination of the testes revealed testicular degeneration, together with the absence of spermatids, no epididymal sperm in the epididymal tubules. In conclusion, Folcord has a severe toxic effect on mice, as evidenced by histological and immunological changes in the male reproductive mice, according to the results of the current stud...

Theresia Nur Indah Koni*, Yeria Banoet, Welhelmina Wahon, Cytske Sabuna, Melkianus Dedimus Same Randu, Yanse Yane Rumlaklak, Tri Anggarini Yuniwati Foenay

...ented banana peels had a significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight gain, feed intake but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed conversion. Body weight gain and feed intake of crossbred native chickens up to eight weeks of age, fed banana peels up to 20% were not significantly different (P<0.05) with control diet.
 
Keywords | Banana peel, Ferment...

Nasir Shah1,4, Muhammad Ibrahim1*, Zarnosh Habib2, Kalsoom3 and Zahir Shah4

...tential but these had no significant difference from each other, while A. indica showing nonsignificant but most promising results. Similarly, there was no significant combine effect of plants extracts and its various concentrations. However, various doses of plant extracts showed significant difference in reducing the number of oviposition, pupae develo...

Faramin Javandel Soum Sarai1, Mir Daryoush Shakouri2* and Alireza Seidavi3*

... of age. All supplements significantly improved daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio of birds compared with the control (P<0.05). The treatments reduced the abdominal fat (P<0.05) and had no effect on the other carcass traits. Relative weight of immune organs was significantly increased by the dietary treatments (P<0.05). The supplements caused a significant<...
Rahmat Ullah Khan*1, Karim Gabol1, Abbas Khan1, Asif Sadam2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Hamid Ullah5, Muhsin Ali4, Gul Bacha Khan4 and Habib Ul Hassan1
... In the Gharo Creek area significantly (P<0.05) higher diversity was recorded as compared to the Scrubland forest area and Bhambor (Terrestrial) Fort area. However, threats responsible for the decline of biodiversity and density of avifauna include destruction of habitats, soil erosion, human interaction, drought, illegal killing, predation, water pollution, scarcity of food, and unfavorable environmental conditions. The study area is rich in bird diversity...

Aimal Zeb1, Abdur Rauf1*, Nabila Bano2, Muhammad Qayash3, Muhammad Yasin4, Ikramullah Khan1, Syed Abidullah1, Wisal Khan5, Muhammad Asmat Ullah2, Abdul Ghaffar Khan6 and Samrin Gul

.... Analysis showed highly significant differences (P>0.01) among varieties for examined traits. The maximum number of green leaves (28), was produced by PVH-2324 at first picking, while PVH-1600 showed the maximum number of leaves (22), leaf area (1241cm2), green leaves (29.3 Kg) and cured leaves weights per plot (4.6 Kg). Furthermore, PVH-1600 and K-399 showed the maximum mean values for green leaves (0.97 Kg) and cured leaves (0.227 Kg) weights respectivel...

Limbang Kustiawan Nuswantara, Eko Pangestu, Marry Christiyanto, Santoso Dwi Pratomo, Elyza Zahrotul Muhtaromah

...onal tree legume did not significantly of DMD, OMD and TDN in dairy goats (P>0.05). The conclusion of this research is that feeding treatment in the form of different levels of addition of concentrate with the addition of tree legume does not increase the value of DMD, OMD and TDN in dairy goats.
 
Keywords | Dairy goat, Digestibility, Concentrate and total digestible nutrients, Antioxidant activity
...

Khaeruddin1, Gatot Ciptadi2, Muhammad Yusuf3, Iswati4, Setya Budhi Udrayana4, Sri Wahjuningsih2*

... membrane integrity were significantly higher (P<0.01) when 2-3 mM BHT was added, while acrosome integrity was elevated after the addition of 1 and 3 mM BHT. Furthermore, the addition of BHT did not significantly change semen pH. DNA damage was lower (P<0.05) when 3 mM BHT was added and mitochondrial activity was enhanced under the same condition. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower (P=0.05) with the a...

Kadhim Kh. K. Al-Khayat1*, Athmar K. A. Al-Azawi2

...es 11.76% (2/17) without significant differences (P≥0.05 ). Fifty-five cysts  were isolated from abdominal cavity of 14 positive samples as balloon filled with clear fluid, white floating scolex (evagenated or invagenated) or pus-filled in the older cysts , distribution of cysts was 47.27% (26/55) in mesentery, 21.82% (12/55) in liver, 21.82% (12/55) free within abdominal cavity and 9.09% (5/55) in omentum with Significant
Pratap A. Divekar1,2*, Sampat K Patel2, Guru Pirasanna Pandi G3, Manimurugan C2,4, Vikas Singh2 and Jagdish Singh1
...0 g a.i. per ha recorded significantly higher larval population reduction (>80%) with least crop damage ratings (˂ 2) for both the insect pest population. Spinosad, emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole were also the found best treatments in controlling DBM and CB. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed in any treatment after spray application. Chlorpyriphos, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and flubendiamide were found adverse to natural en...

Muhammad Yasin1, Azhar Abbas Khan2*, Sana Rubab2 and Sumaira Maqsood3

...he progeny emergence was significantly lower in combined treatments of B. bassiana and DE at highest dose rate for both insect species, while highest was recorded at low dose of B. bassiana.

...

Afrasyab Khan1,3, Ali Raza Jahejo1,3, Meng-li Qiao1,3, Xin-yu Han1,3, Raza Ali Mangi1,3, Ding Zhang1,3, Yu-hai Bi2, George F Gao1,3* and Wen-xia Tian1,3*

...-α expression were significantly downregulated during early time intervals such as 0 h, 2 h and 6 h while later on the expression level significantly increased. These results will lead to increased insights on M. synoviae infection resistance mechanisms and the role of NF-κB signaling pathway and other immune system genes in the control of the host immune response.

...

Shakir Ullah1*, Lubna Shakir2, Ghani Subhan3 and Mohammad Sohail4

...egime applications had a significant effect on most of the traits except the weight of the plant. The pod full stage is more affected by the drought than other stages on most of the parameters tested. Irrigation regimes at pod full stage reduced the number of pods plant-1 by 38.4% and 26.0%, the weight of pods plant-1 by 23.7% and 53.6%, the number of seeds plant-1 by 29.0% and 28.8%, seeds weight plant-1 by 17.2% and 38.8%, 100-seeds weight by 35.3% and 38.1%...

Riaz Hussain1, Adnan Ihsan2*, Jawad Sarwar2, Nauman Ahmad2, Noor Ullah2, Arbab Luqman2, Muhammad Junaid2 and Hizer Ali2 

...icamid 50WG (0.3g/l) was significantly better in minimizing the whitefly population, followed by Diafenthiuron 50WP (0.6g/l), Diptrex (Trichlorofom) 80-SP at 1250 gm/ha, Thiamethoxam 25 WG (0.2g/l), Chinaberry (200g/l), Garlic (20g/l), and Neem oil (2% cont). Similarly, highest yield (1556.38 kg/ha) and cost benefit ratio (1:9) was observed in Flonicamid 50WG (0.3g/l) treated plots. From the above study, it is concluded that all the insecticides reduce the pop...

Joseph Oyiguh Abraham1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Ruth Foluke Aminu1, Emmanuel Edegbo1, Olubunmi Marvelous Emurotu1, Danjuma Muhammed2, Jesse Joseph Chock3, Helen Ojomachenwu Ocean4 and Yahaya Ocholi5

...s C virus (HCV) remain a significant public health concern globally. However, there is a dearth of information about the prevalence of the three viruses in the study area. Therefore, the current study determined the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV among students of a tertiary institution and its environs in Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria. Sera obtained from 1000 consented individuals were screened for HBsAg, anti-HCV, and HIV antibodies using commercial immunoassay...
Yongtao Xu1, Dandan Wang1, Xiaolong Hu1, Minling Li1, Ming Tang1, Wuhua Liu2, Jianwen Zhan2 and Weiwei Zhang1*
...showed that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). The NMDS analysis found considerable overlap at the three sampling sites, and the niche breadths of SS (Fir forests), MP (The nursery base), and NJS (Nie Jiashan) were 9.593, 9.426, and 9.419, respectively. High-throughput sequencing and metabarcoding trnL could provide higher taxonomic resolution, identify more food items, and can simultaneously analyze a larger number of samples compared with tra...

Pankaj Gargotra1, Judith Betsy C1*, Cheryl Antony2 and Stephen Sampath Kumar J3

...ared to control and were significantly different (p<0.05). The results obtained were statistically analysed using One way ANOVA following Duncan multiple range test in SPSS- 22.0 to compare the significant differences in growth parameters among all treatments and discussion was made in the light of available literatures.

...

Rehana Shahida1, Shagufta Naz1*, Tasnim Farasat1, Saima Sharif1, Shah Jahan2 and Farkhanda Manzoor1

...amage. This study showed significantly elevated serum concentration of IL-6 and altered lipid profile in diabetes individual when compared with the control subjects. IL-6 and thrombomodulin was progressively higher in diabetic group. IL-6 correlated positively with thrombomodulin in the control group but an inverse association was seen in the IGT group and revealed that imbalance of the vascular damage initiated and that lead to damage of vascular endothelium ...

Riaz Alam1*, Muhammad Sajid2, Imtiaz Hussain3, Gulzar Ullah1, Hussain Shah3, Muhammad Arshad Farooq3 and Rashid Muhammad4

...Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in carotenoids and chlorophyll content from 3.17 to 1.49 mg L-1 and 4.99 to 2.41 mg L-1, respectively in the extracted oil as fruits progressed from lemon green stage to ripe stage of harvesting. Olive cultivars Frontoio, Manzanilla and Picual are recommended for the production of extra virgin oil, while semi-ripe stage of harvesting is the optimum stage for quality oil extraction in olives in the local environmen...

Muhammad Tahir Latif1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Ali Zohaib2 and Ishtiaq Hassan3

... data the SS resulted in significantly higher values of emergence count (211 m-2), productive tillers (322 m-2), grains count (38.93 spike-1), 1000 grains weight (38.91 g) and grains yield (3497 kg ha-1) delineating more yield (13.10%) over the CT. Thus, SS has conserved soil moisture, increased soil organic matter, better soil tilth and enhanced fertilizer uptake efficiency which ultimately increased the yield over the other comparative wheat sowing technique...

Anisa Muthia Fakhira1, Madihah Madihah1, Susi Susanah2, Erick Khristian3, Ratu Safitri1*

...rom 20 mg/kg BW showed a significant increase in pancreatic beta cell necrosis of 1.6 ± 0.55 and a fasting blood glucose level of 167.40±11.45 mg/dL, classifying it as a prediabetic state, that significantly different with control (p<0.05). Thus, ID as low as 20 mg/kg BW impaired the structure and function of pancreas of male wistar rats.
 
Keywords | Blood glucose, Iron excess, ...

Makruf Arif1*, Claude Mona Airin1, Dwi Sunu Datrianto2, Vincentia Trisna Yoelinda1, Sarmin1, Yuda Heru Fibrianto1, Pudji Astuti1

...eur group did not show a significant difference. However, corticosterone levels in this group showed significant differences (P<0.05), with post-contest levels being higher than pre-contest. In the experienced group of Stone Magpie birds compared to the amateur group, the values of testosterone hormone showed higher results both before and after the contest. On the other hand, the corticosterone levels were lower than the...

Pramudya Andiana*, Moch. Geerhan Miraja Syahdan, Khothibul Umam Al Awwaly, Abdul Manab

...omelain and papain had a significant effect (P<0.01) on pH, soluble protein concentration, peptide concentration, degree of hydrolysis, IC50 of DPPH, reducing power, iron and copper chelating ability, and α-amylase inhibitory activity. CHP1 showed the best bioactivity with a DPPH IC50 value of 4.62 mg/ml, iron chelating ability of 81.07%, copper chelating ability of 35.97%, and α-amylase inhibitory activity of 32.67%. While the best reducing pow...

Tran Trung Tuan1,2, Nguyen Binh Truong1,2

...mount of CP consumed was significantly (p<0.05) higher in goats fed supplementation of RDB than control treatment. Overall, the RDB supplementation did not affect the DM, DM/ BW, OM and ME intake of the goats (p>0.05). However, DM, DM/ BW, OM and ME intakes of supplementation treatments were quantitatively higher than the control group. The dietary addition of RDB had a significant effect on the CP digestibility (p<...

Noor A. Namaa*, Hayder A.N. Al-Zamely

... concentration increased significantly in the Ginseng extracts and Ginseng NPs groups. However, there was no discernible difference in the values of the Ginseng extract or Ginseng NP groups. When compared to the control group, the Ginseng extract and Ginseng NP groups showed increased mitochondrial expression of the SDHA protein. Comparison of the values of the therapeutic groups showed that the Ginseng NP group had higher values than the Ginseng extract group...

Diky Ramdani1*, Dwi Cipto Budinuryanto1,2, Siti Darodjah Rasad1, Novi Mayasari3, Krisna Rizki Rismawan1, Muhammad Fajryanto Solihin1, Ririn Siti Rahmatillah1

... PPS inclusion showed no significant impact (P > 0.05) on the average daily gain (ADG, g/head/day) of the infected sheep. However, the total dry matter intake (DMI, g/head/day) was reduced (P < 0.001). The inclusion of dietary PPS-50 and PPS-75 effectively maintained fecal egg counts (FEC, eggs/g feces) of Strongylus sp. within the mild infection category. Additionally, fecal oocyte counts (FOC, eggs/g feces) of Coccidia were consistently lower for PPS-5...

Mahmoud Hamouda1*, Ahmed Al-Jazzar1, Fahad Al-Hizab1, Ahmed Azab2, Mohamed Al-Hammadi3

...ine disorders may play a significant role in female buffalo infertility. A total of 340 reproductive tracts of female buffaloes have a previous history of infertility was collected from different farms in Egypt through the period of two years. Uteri have been visually and manually inspected as well as examined bacteriologically and histologically. Several uterine lesions either external or internal were noted in 78/340 animals (22.94%) as follows: internal les...

Wael Halawa1, Raed M. Al-Atiyat2*, Jamal Abo Omar1, Faisal S. Rashaydeh3, Fath Ullah4, Shakirullah5 and Berkant Ismail Yildiz6

...ing lambs will result in significant cost reductions. However, these reductions were expected from the savings in milk expenses and the significant decrease in lambs’ mortality rate. We recomend the use of milk replacer in Assaf lambs for better performnce and economic cost. 

...

Hossam F. Abou-Shaara

...lonies but bees consumed significantly more yeast and sugar candy within 72h than corn and turmeric. All feeding types did not impair the ability of young larvae to develop into pupae. Bee colonies had high sealed brood area and number of bees in yeast group followed by sugar candy and corn flour. Each of corn flour and turmeric affected the survival ability of bee workers negatively unlike yeast and sugar candy. All the feeding types showed approximately the ...
Raza Ali Mangi1,2, Ali Raza Jahejo1,2, Afrasyab Khan1,2, Meng-li Qiao1,2, Muhammad Farhan Qadir1,2, Mazhar Hussain Mangi3,  Shi-xiong Yang1,2, Xin-yu Han1,2, Sheng Niu1,2, Ding Zhang1,2, Ying Wang1,2 and Wen-xia Tian1,2*
... receptors (PRRs) play a significant role in the immune response. However, the function of HDR and PRRs in thiram induce TD chicken is not fully known yet. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of recombinant glutathione-S-transferase A3 (rGSTA3) protein on HDR and PRRs in the thiram-induced TD chicken. One hundred twenty arbor acres (AA+) broiler chickens of seven-day-old were equally divided into six groups. Group A, B, and C were treated...

Xin-yu Han1,2, Afrasyab Khan1,2, Ali Raza Jahejo1,2, Qian-qing Cheng1,2, Meng-li Qiao1,2, Raza Ali Mangi1,2, Muhammad Farhan Qadir1,2, Ding Zhang1,2, Ying Wang1,2, Yu-hai Bi1,3, Rui-wen Fan1,2 and Wen-xia Tian1,2

..., 3, 15, and MHC II were significantly upregulated at 6 and 10 h post-infection in infected chicken erythrocytes. However, significantly upregulated expression of TLR5 and MHC I were noted at 2, 6, and 10 h while TLR4 and MyD88 mRNA expression was also significantly upregulated but at different time intervals. This study provides the first evidence of upregulated expression of TLR signalin...

Peixia Yu1*, Lijun Bo2 and Xueyin Song1

... and Fen2 groups dropped significantly (all P<0.05); moreover, Bcl-2 protein and mRNA expression rose significantly in the Fen group by being compared to the I/R group, while Bax protein and mRNA expression were declined clearly (all P<0.05). Regulating Bcl-2 and Bax of Fen pretreatment can inhibit I/R-induced myocardial apoptosis of rats. As a result, Fen may be a potential drug to treat of I/R injury-related heart di...

Suhad Mohmmed Alrobyrai1 , Falah Muosa Al-Rekabi2*

...ter 30 days, G5 showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in body weight (29.2±1.32) compared to the positive control (20.8±1.2). After withdrawal, G5 displayed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in body weight(31.4±1.17) compared to all other experimental groups G1(29.2±0.37),G2(25.8±2.4), G3(25.0±1.38) and G4(27.2±1.02). Positive control (117 ± 42.9) had

Frennada Lu’fatul Azizah1, Osfar Sjofjan2*, Eko Widodo2

... a feed additive yielded significantly different results (p < 0.05) for the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and performance index (IP) of broiler chickens. In summary, the use of different BSF oils has the potential to be employed as a natural feed additive for broiler chickens.
 
Keywords | Alternative growth promoters, Black soldier flies, Broiler chickens, Feed conversion ratio, Growth performance
...

Ruth Dameria Haloho1*, Jisril Palayukan1, Agus Setiadi2, Edy Rianto2, Nadlirotun Luthfi3

...on inputs simultaneously significantly affected farmers profit (P<0.05). Forage cost and capital were the main production factors affecting the profit of the buffalo farming business (P<0.05). It is concluded that buffalo farming to fulfil the “Rambu Solo” traditional Ceremonial needed was profitable and feasible to run.
 
Keywords | Buffalo, Business, Feasibility, Factors, Production
...

Hilwah Nora1,2, Rajuddin2*, Hafizuddin3, Rachmad Suhanda4, M. Fathurrahman5

...showing no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). Similarly, there were no significant variations (P>0.05) observed in all variables related to testis and seminal vesicle morphology. The administration of curcumin did not yield a statistically significant effect (P>0.05) on decreasing spermatozoa quality concerning testicular morphology, morphometry, and seminal vesicle w...

Roni Pazla1, Mardiati Zain1*, Fauzia Agustin1, Yetti Marlida1, Zaituni Udin2, Jaswandi2, Masrizal2, Hendri2, Windu Negara3, Totti Tjiptosumirat3, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Multiviza Muslim4

.... The results revealed a significant interaction between factors concerning consumption and nutrient digestibility. However, there was no significant interaction for production performance. Notably, the highest percentage of first estrous was found in heifers that received A1B2. A diet with 10% CP and 65% TDN could increase consumption, feed digestibility, production performance, and the estrous number of Pesisir heifers.

Roni Pazla1, Mardiati Zain1*, Fauzia Agustin1, Yetti Marlida1, Zaituni Udin2, Jaswandi2, Masrizal2, Hendri2, Windu Negara3, Totti Tjiptosumirat3, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Multiviza Muslim4

.... The results revealed a significant interaction between factors concerning consumption and nutrient digestibility. However, there was no significant interaction for production performance. Notably, the highest percentage of first estrous was found in heifers that received A1B2. A diet with 10% CP and 65% TDN could increase consumption, feed digestibility, production performance, and the estrous number of Pesisir heifers.

Junita Mayasari, Vira Oktavia, Indri Juliyarsi, Ade Sukma, Sri Melia*

 

...r to fermented goat milk significantly (P<0.05) decreased the total lactic acid bacteria total titrated acid increased the pH value, dietary fiber content, water content, viscosity, texture value, and color value. Still, it had no significant effect (P>0.05) on protein content, sensory value of taste, and flavor. The study concludes that adding 0.25% porang flour (B) yields the most favorable results. This treatment re...

Sepri Reski*, Maria Endo Mahata, Montesqrit, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli

... The results revealed no significant interaction (p>0.05) between temperature and storage duration concerning the physical quality (egg weight, shell thickness, shell weight, yolk weight, albumen weight, yolk colour, and Haugh unit) of quail eggs fed with fermented T. murayana seaweed. The experiment concludes that quail eggs fed with fermented T. murayana can be stored for up to 3 weeks at room and refrigerator temperatures without adversely affecting thei...

Irfan Ullah1, Asad Ullah2*, Tahira Tayyeb1, Rafiq Ullah1, Muhammad Hanif1, Faiza Khan3, Imad Khan2, Raheela Taj4, Fatima Syed4, Shumaila Gul5, Muhammad Sadeeq6, Muneeb Islam7, Arsalan Khan8 and Khudija Ghani9

...hatase (ALP) were higher significantly (P≤0.05) in negative control group (B) as compared to the group C, D and E. The level of uric acid, creatinine and blood urea were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in group A (negative control) (P≤0.05) as compared to the group B (positive control) C, D, and E. The blood cholesterol level and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in group B (positive control) was ...

Moazama Batool1*, Saima Naz2*, Ghulam Abbas3, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha4, Mamoona Mahmood1, Asma Aziz1 and Fatima Yasmin2

... 21- day. Results showed significant increase in WBC (white blood cell), whereas red blood cells count, Hb (hemoglobin) and Hct (hematocrit) were significantly reduced in treated groups compared to the control. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MHC) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) showed a non-significant decrease in treated groups compared to the control group. Serum b...

Wahid Hussein El-Dabae*, Eman Shafeek Ibrahim, Eslam Gaber Sadek, Mai Mohamed Kandil

... (ND) is one of the most significant poultry viral diseases threatening the poultry industry worldwide. Despite mass vaccination against ND, genotype VII.1.1 epidemics in vaccinated and non-vaccinated flocks are still recorded, indicating an urgent need to generate a new vaccine candidate. In this study, the live Orthoavulavirus javaense (AOAV-1) genotype VII.1.1 strain (CH-EGY-GIZA-VVTNRC-2021) (Genbank accession number MW603772) was attenuated by combining p...

Aalaa S. Saad1*, Amira A. Elokle2, Dalia Y. Youssef2, Neven M. Omara2, Samr Kassem3

...-NPs gradually decreased significantly (P<0.05) on chilling than the control. Moreover, eaeA and stx2 relative gene expression decreased until the 10th day, reaching 0.3 and 0.41 in the CS-LZ-NPs group and 0.5 and 0.48 in the CS-NPs group. Also, the treatment with either CS-NPS or CS-LZ-NPS did not affect the average sensory score of the chicken fillets. 
 
Keywords | Chicken fillet, Chitosan nanoparticles, E. coli O157, Ge...

Sara Brikat, Mouloud Lamtai*, Miloud Chakit, Laila Ibouzine-Dine, Ilhame Fitah, Oumaima Abouyaala, Abdelhalem Mesfioui, Aboubaker El Hessni

...urc and/or Los increased significantly the recognition index (p < 0.01) as compared with the HFD group, and were able to prevent this effect on the memory induced by the HFD (p < 0.01). Additionally, the levels of TBARS and NO in HFD group significantly exceeded the respective values in female animals when compared to control rats (p < 0.05). In contrast, the administration of HFD + Curc + Los lowered NO levels

Ahmed K. Fahd*, Ali H. Saliem

...ls treated with apigenin significantly increased in time than with diclofenac. The number of writhes in both apigenin and diclofenac-treated groups has been significantly reduced in the acetic acid test when compared to the control. The formalin test revealed that both apigenin and diclofenac-treated groups reported significantly lower flinches and licks than the control. For the tail-flic...

Zahid I. Mohammed

...ult of this study showed significant reduction (P< 0.05) of serum total lipids in growing kids of the groups (2, 3 and 4) at the end of the experiment. Also, the kids were fed 10 grams of Spirulina supplement had the lowest serum cholesterol concentration as compared to the control and other groups. kids which were fed diets with Spirulina showed significantly (P<0.05) higher HDL-C concentrations in blood serum. Treatm...

Munifah Siti Amira Yusuf1, Norsida Man2*, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris1, Ismi Arif Ismail3, Siaw Shin Yee1 and Tengku Halimatun Sa’adiah T Abu Bakar1,4 

...l extension programs may significantly affect the effectiveness of adopting urban agriculture practices, which eventually help the participants with better living standards and productivity. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of urban agriculture programs. Primary data was collected from 230 urban agriculture program participants registered under the DOA Malaysia. The data was analysed using the PLS-SEM analysis method with the help of SMART-PLS sof...

Shahid Iqbal1, Arshad Khan, Ali Hazrat1*, Gul Rahim, Mohammad Ihsan1, Umar Zad Gul1, Maryam Bibi1, Khadija Bibi1 and Muhammad Mukhtiar2

...antitative traits showed significant divergence among the 36 genotypes of R. capitata. It was determined that the 4principal component with an Eigenvalue of above 0.99 accounted for 61.4% of the total variation, where the 1st PC shows a total variation of 19%, the 2nd PC showed 34.87%, 3rd PC had 49.38% while the 4th PC showing a total variation of 61.4%. Based on cluster analysis all the genotypes were divided into 2 main lineages and further subdivided into ...

Genlong Zhan1*, Yunhua Zheng2, Desheng Li*4 and Hongmei Zhang3

...ue Tongmai Decoction has significant clinical effect in the treatment of DPN, can effectively improve the blood rheology of patients, and has the advantages of simplicity and high safety.

...
Sijie Jian1,2,3,4, Wei Sun1,3, Jia Chao1,2, Na Rong1,4, Xiang Liu1,2,3,4* and Chen Chen1,2,3,4*
...intestines; there was no significant change in the antioxidant-related factors of MDA, SOD, CAT and GSH-PX. Therefore, Slp has passive protection (A. hydrophila) and passive cross-protection (P. fluorescens) abilities and it can boost resistance to infection using major freshwater aquaculture etiologic agent of fish.

...

Kenyum Lollen1, Judith Betsy C1*, Cheryl Antony2 and Stephen Sampath Kumar J3

...alues were statistically significant. Hence the results revealed that for successful cryopreservation of C. carpio milt, use of non-induced milt at 1:10 dilution ratio using slow freezing rate will give the best results in terms of motility, fertilization and hatching rate.

...
Fen Wang1,2, Lin Zuo1,2, Xiang Zhou1,2, Zhu Chen1,2, Xiao Na Xu1,2, Suo Fei Ji1,2, Guan Jun Hou1,2, Cheng Jun Zhu2, Ye Zhang3, You Feng Su4, Gendong Jin5, Jia Jia Wang1,2, Yuan Gao6, Guang Tong Song1,2* and Ye Lin Jiang1,2*
...he muscle of type A were significantly higher than those of type B (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed in the calipash. Additionally, the amino acid score (AAS) in the muscle of type A was >1, which was significantly higher than that of type B (P<0.05). The contents of all fatty acids and EPA+DHA were significantly higher in...

Rahib Ali Chachar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* and Manatbai Bakhetgul2

...treated groups exhibited significantly high (p < 0.01) total bacterial count, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium count as compared to the control group (T0). Whereas, E. coli and Salmonella count was found significantly lower (p < 0.01) in treated groups as compared to the control group. Hemoglobin and erythrocyte count was higher (p < 0.05) in T1 and T3 groups as compared to T2 and T0. MCHC (mean corpuscular haemogl...

Lijuan Liu1, Jinghang Chen2*, Min Wang3 and Wei Li4

...aled pharmaceuticals has significant hurdles due to a lack of comprehensive theoretical and practical experience guidance. Personalized customization of candidate pharmaceuticals to fulfill the needs of inhalation treatment using prodrug technology is now an alternate method of inhalation drug development. This article examines the use of prodrug technology in inhalation administration throughout the last 20 years. These studies discovered that: esterification...

Muhammad Azhar1,2, Rida Ahmad3*, Bushra Nisar Khan3 and Zahra Hussain3

...nal factors which impose significant effects on hematochemical factors were also considered to rationalize the results. Most of the values were in accordance with the mean values published in the literature, but values of few parameters e.g., hematocrit, platelet, AST, ALT, ALP and blood urea nitrogen were found different from the reference values. It was concluded that biological, analytical and operational factors as well as their respective partialities aff...

Waseem Abbas1, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1*, Hasina Baloch1,  Muhammad Abubakar3, Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro1, Neluma Wali2, Mazhar Hussain Mangi1, Azhar Ali Laghari4, Shahid Hussain Abro1, Rani Wagan1 and Mehkar Hussain5

...d to Gilgit and leads to significant economic losses. This is the first study demonstrating the prevalence of an important pathogen in yak, zo and cow of Pakistan.

...

Fazal Ur Rehman1*, Saeeda Fatehullah1, Ayaz Qadir1, Suleman Ahmad2, Siddique Usman2, Muhammad Asif2, Mukhtiar Ahmed1, Sunaina Rafi3, Muhammad Mohsin2, Ayesha Amanullah4, Faisal Shahzad2, Hasnain Raza2 

... version. There was a no significant difference between both groups with respect to vital signs and hematology profile. However, seroma, abscess, stricture of anal sacs, urine incontinence, wound dehiscence and fistula formation was observed more in group A of open anal sacculectomy compared to group B of closed anal sacculectomy. It was concluded that closed technique is somewhat superior in post-surgical outcomes than open sacculectomy in terms of post-opera...

Sepri Reski*, Maria Endo Mahata, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli

... laying hen diet did not significantly affect (p>0.05) egg weight, egg length, egg width, egg shape index, eggshell strength, eggshell weight, and eggshell thickness. The fermented T. murayana seaweed meal can be utilized up to 20% in the diet of laying hens without impacting the external quality of eggs.
 
Keywords | Egg quality, Egg weight, Laying hens, Seaweed meal, Turbinaria murayana
...

Huda S.J1*, Nasr T.M1, Mohanad A. Al-Bayati2

...osome-CoFe2O4 NP complex significantly improved RBC count, WBC count, PCV, and Hb levels within four days, bringing them closer to pre-anemia levels in control rabbits. The preferential uptake of CoFe2O4 NPs by the targeted delivery Nanohemosome. As well as leading to improved cell health and increased RBC production.
 
Keywords | Hemorrhagic anemia, Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles, Nanohemosomes, nano-medicine, Toxicity, Rabbit
...

Faris Sahib Imran1*, Layth Hamzah Merzah2, Mohammed Mohsin Kareem3

...e experimental group was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the control group A diet containing C. demersum has the potential as a protein source with a significant (P < 0.05) positive effect on the growth performance and hematological and biochemical parameters of Iraqi Awassi sheep and warrants further investigation to determine optimal levels of inclusion.
 
Keywords | Awassi s...

Kunlayaphat Wuthijaree1, Pattaraporn Tatsapong1, Sukanya Yung-Rahang2, Prayad Thirawong2, Koonphol Pongmanee2*

...ere was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of helminth infections among male and female chickens. The prevalence of natural helminthic infections increases with chicken age. The results revealed that most Thai native chickens reared in backyard environments have subclinical infections with at least one helminth species.    
 
Keywords | Helminth, Worm burden, Infection intensity, Indigenous chi...

Moazama Batool1*, Saima Naz2*, Sheeza Bano1, Sadia Nazir3, Ghulam Abbas4, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha5, Maria Lateef2 and Fatima Yasmin2

...ession analyses revealed significant positive correlations between metallic ion concentrations in the test mediums and carbon dioxide, sodium, potassium, and electrical conductivity. On the contrary, a negative correlation was established between dissolved oxygen levels and both fish species in the test environment. These findings contribute to understanding the differential responses of Catla catla and Labeo rohita to the toxic effects of lead, nickel, and ca...

Wafa’a Mohammad Abduwhab1*, Waseem Ali Hasan2, Mohanad Abdulsataar AL-Bayati3

...n of 100%  showed a significant entrapment % and loaded efficiency%,  entrapment %  were 95.2 ± 9.41, and 87.32 ± 8.1 respectively, while loaded efficiency% were 86.84 ± 7.77, and 79.40± 3.72 respectively. As well as, both the Nano phytosome pumpkin-lidocaine gel at a concentration of 100% and the Nano phytosome pumpkin gel at a concentration of 100% revealed a significant closure r...

Sandriana J Nendissa1,2, Meta Mahendradatta3, Zainal3, Februadi Bastian3

... of variance indicated a significant impact (p >0.05) of Tomi-tomi fruit tannin extract treatments at various concentrations on the water content and protein of tuna fish meatballs However, there is no significant difference on the sensory and total bacteria (p > 0.05) of tuna fish meat balls.  The best treatment, determined to be the addition of 2% Tomi-tomi fruit tannin extract concentration (C3), resulted in ro...

Feri Eko Hermanto1, Yuli Frita Nuningtyas1, Filoza Marwi1, Fajar Shodiq Permata2, Agus Susilo1, Muhammad Halim Natsir1*

...e natural additives hold significant promise for revolutionizing poultry intestinal health in a sustainable, antibiotic-free manner.
 
Keywords | IL-6 inhibition; Intestinal health; Mucosal immunity; Natural feed additives; Poultry industry.
...

Shanti Fitriani*, Usman Pato, Yusmarini Yusuf, Emma Riftyan, Evy Rossi

...entration of bacteriocin significantly affected moisture, ash, and protein contents but did not significantly influence the descriptive test.   The best treatment in this study was B5 (the addition of bacteriocin 0.6%), which can maintain the quality of fishballs for up to 12 days at cold temperatures with a moisture content of 73.10%, ash 1.29%, protein 8.35%, and a descriptive test had a surface less smooth, slig...

Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory1*, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2, Majeed Ajafar1, Nihad Abdul-Lateef Ali1

...od. Our results showed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.01) for the G5 group in live body weight (LBW) and cumulative weight gain (W.G.). The study compared the feed intake (F.I.) and relative growth rate (RGR) of this group with those of other groups. It found a significant improvement in feed intake (F.I.) for all melatonin additions. When comparing total mortality to the G1 group, there was a sign...

Nadya Indriyani1, Sri Murtini2*, Sri Darwati3, Cece Sumantri3

...and AbNDV did not have a significant effect on the growth and production of IPB-D3 chickens.
 
Keywords | Chicken IPB-D3, IgY, AbNDV, Body weight, Egg production, Phenotypic correlation
...

ISHRAT FATIMA1, MOAZZAM JAMIL1, AZHAR HUSSAIN1*, MUHAMMAD ZAHID MUMTAZ2, MUHAMMAD LUQMAN1, SAJID HUSSAIN3, SAIF UR REHMAN KASHIF4 & MAQSHOOF AHMAD1

...oculation of ZSB strains significantly increased these attributes of okra. Inoculation of strain Bacillus sp. ZM20 followed by Bacillus aryabhattai ZM31 was significantly more effective among the tested ZSB strains. Strain Bacillus sp. ZM20 improved relative water contents up to 17%, chlorophyll a and b up to 67 and 71%, respectively, plant height up to 30%, shoot fresh weight up to 19%, shoot dry weight up to 31%, root leng...

KAFEEL AHMAD1, NIMRA ARSHAD1, ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, KINZA WAJID1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA2, MAHPARA SHEHZADI3, HAFSA MEMONA4, MADIHA SANA4, KHALID NAWAZ5, MUDASRA MUNIR1, IFRA SALEEM MALIK1, TASAWAR ABBAS6, ABRAR HUSSAIN7, MUHAMMAD SHER8, MUHAMMAD FAHAD ULLAH6, MUHAMMAD AKRAM QAZI9, MUHAMMAD NADEEM10, MUHAMMAD RIZWAN QURESHI10

...d that Ni was positively significant when the soil and forage was correlated unlike the result of correlation for blood and forage which was negatively significant. The daily intake of metals and health risk index was found highest in the samples collected from site IV. The pollution load index was found highest in the samples collected from site V (Bhalwal Road).

...

NAILA MALKANI*, IRFAN ISHAQUE, KHALID SHAHBAZ, RIZWAN ULLAH KHAN, ARIFA SHABBIR & ATIF YAQUB

...er function enzymes were significantly altered in wild-caught fish as compared to farm raised fish. Also, significant difference was noted in serum creatinine and urea values between the two groups. Histology of liver and kidney tissues revealed signs of chronic damage in the wild captured fish as characterized by lymphocyte infiltration and altered morphology of functional units. It is concluded from findings of the present...

ARIFA ZEREEN & ALMAS JAHAN

...etermine the harmful and significant effects of exotic plants on local flora. Fourteen species of exotic and invasive plants viz., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., Populus deltoids W. Bartram ex Marshall, Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent, Lantana camara L., Cannabis sativa L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Xanthium strumarium L., Alternanthera pungens Kunth, Trianthema portulacastrum L., Pistia stratiotes (Sw.) DC., Phragmites aus...

SYEDA NADIA AHMAD1, MEHWISH NASIR1, AQSA NAUREEN1, SHAGUFTA ANDLEEB4, KAUSAR RAEES3, TAHIR ABBAS2, ASMA YOUNIS1 & KHAWAJA RAEES AHMAD*1

...tical analysis has shown significant (p<0.001) variations in mean follicular size of thyroid indicating dose dependent depletion of colloid (thyroglobulin). Mean Cross-Sectional Area (MCSA) of follicular cells showed increase in DZ groups as compared to the control with maximum rise at 2.5 and 5mg exposure levels while the MCSA of their nuclei remained more-or-less constant. Statistical analysis has shown significant vari...
MAIMOONA KANWAL, MUBASHAR HUSSAIN*, ZAHEER ABBAS1, SHAKIL AHMAD KHAN2, FATIMA
ZAFAR & RIZWANKHURSHEED2
... 5th instars showed significant variations in larval body length (2.81, 4.27 and 6.02 cm),body weight (0.35, 1.03 and2.74 g) and food consumption (2.60, 3.26 and 4.12 g) when larvae were fed on mulberry leaves dipped in 10 % Vitamin C Solution + 2 % Glycine + Alanine (T9).Significant differences were also observed in all growth parameters. Fecundity (439.67 #), Fertility (86.0%) and Hatchability (84.67%) were ...

ASIFA BASHIR1, AAMIR MUSHTAQ2* & TOOBA MEHBOOB3

...lanthus emblica 80 mg/kg significantly reduced the glucose level in diabetic rats up to 166 ± 0.7 mg/dl on day 8th at 8th h as compared to diabetic rats 380 ± 0.7 mg/dl. Similarly, it also reduced the weight in rats up to 274.11 ± 0.97 g as compared to 310.71 ± 0.57 g which was recorded before treatment. It was thus concluded that Phyllanthus emblica is a potent antioxidant and antidiabetic agent.

...

MUJIBUR RAHMAN1, MUHAMMAD AYAZ KHAN1*, WISAL SHAH1 & ALIA NAZ1

...y applying Two-way ANOVA significant variation at P≤ 0.05 was found among the concentration of Cd and Pb in B. rapa and soil samples collected from various sample points. It was concluded that the B. rapa along different roads sides were found contaminated with Pb and Cd which may pose health risk.

...

MUSHTAQ HUSSAIN LASHARI1*, RABIA HAMEED1, UMER FAROOQ2, MUSADIQ IDRIS2 & ZIA UR REHMAN2

...lues for Barr bodies was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in human females (7.7 ± 0.63) as compared to their male counterparts (2.2 ± 0.38). However, statistically non-significant (P ≥ 0.05) result was noticed between female and male dogs being 1.8 ± 0.32 and 0.8 ± 0.24, respectively. In a nutshell, it is concluded that both the females of humans and dogs have a higher occurrence of Barr bodi...

*SHAJAHAN BAIG1, MUSHTAQ AHMAD SALEEM1, MUHAMMAD AZMAT ULLAH KHAN1 ZEESHAN NADEEM2, SUFIAN AHMED2, MEMUNA GHAFOOR SHAHID3 & TANZEEM AKBAR CHEEMA3

...over all the information significant for profiling. These methods are also significant in identifying the changes at various stages of development under diverse environmental conditions.

...

ASADULLAH KHAN1, MUHAMMAD AYAZ KHAN1, ALIA NAZ1, ABDULLAH KHAN1 & NAUREEN AURANGZEB1

...ghlighted that there was significant variation in the chlorophyll content which amplify the heavy metal accumulation and subsequently inhibited growth of lichens.

...

MUSHTAQ HUSSAIN LASHARI1*, UMER FAROOQ2, AMMARA ARSHAD1, MUHAMMAD NAEEM TAHIR2, MUSADIQ IDRIS2, ANAM KHURSHID3 & ZIA UR REHMAN2

...ues for Barr Bodies were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in female cattle (9.61±1.11) as compared to their male counterparts (0.92±0.28). Similar results were revealed for buffaloes being 6.23±1.15 and 0.92±0.28 for females and males, respectively. In a nutshell, it is concluded that female cattle and buffaloes have a higher occurrence of Barr Bodies on their PMNs as compared to males. Furthermore, it can also be deduced that sex d...

SAIMA SHARIF, SHAGUFTA NAZ, FARKHANDA MANZOOR, AYESHA NOOR & ZAHRA JAMIL

... PEFR was direct and non-significant (r = 0.17 p > 0.05). In overweight subjects, there was inverse relationship between BMI and PFM (r = -0.494) and was highly significant. Similar result were obtained in obese females in which the inverse association was highly significant (r = -0.580; p < 0.01). It was concluded that subjects with the increase BMI demonstrated a decline in respira...
NOREEN RAZA1*, TASNEEM A. SAQIB2, SYED NAEEMUL HASSAN NAQVI3, MUHAMMAD ZAHEER
KHAN2 & MAZHAR HIJAZI3

HANNANA MARYAM, SANA MAQSOOD & SIKANDER ALI*

...ntial for bacteriocin. A significant (p≤0.05) increase in laterosporulin biosynthesis was observed when the parameters like medium volume, buffer pH (7.0) and incubation temperature (37°C) were optimized. Antimicrobial potential of laterosporulin was also exploited using various techniques. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and critical dilution assays (CDAs) were performed for exhibiting bacteriocin inhibitory potential against various indicator s...

ZAHRA NASEEM1, MUHAMMAD AMIR IQBAL1, SHAAF AHMAD2 & NABILA ROOHI1*

...f ALT and AST were found significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) in overt hypothyroid patients compared to controls and after treatment the concentrations of both enzymes were decreased non-significantly in post therapeutic group. Subclinical group also exhibited non-significant elevation in ALT and AST levels. Creatinine levels were significantly (P ≤ ...

ZUBIA RASHID1, ZULFIQAR ALI MIRANI2, SITWAT ZEHRA1, SYED MUDDASSAR HUSSAIN GILANI3, ARIF ALI CHISHTI1, ABID AZHAR1 & SADDIA GALANI1*

... and quality have been a significant and crucial predicament recently. In poultry, development of novel antimicrobial strategies for drug-resistant pathogens is desired. Here, Phytogenic Feed Additives (PFA) were administered in chicken diet to decipher their impact on animal performance and gut microbiota composition. One-hundred-fifty-day-old chicks were randomly divided into three treatment groups with five replicates/group as (i) Control diets (CON); (ii) ...

ZAHID FAROOQ1, IRFAN BABOO2, MUHAMMAD WAJID3, HAFIZA SADIA4, MUHAM

...er was statistically non-significant (p>0.05) except MPV and P-LCP values which were significantly different (p<0.05). The plasma chemical values including the Urea, Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase, Creatinine, Total Protein and Albumin were determined. The overall biochemical blood values of Urea 282.06±37.18mg/dL, ALT 13.61±2.597 μL, AST 48.23±28.157 μL, Creatinine 61.0...

UMER YOUNAS, SHAHID IQBAL* & JAMSHED AKBAR

...t drying methods have no significant influence on recovery of antioxidants from sample matrix. However, methanolic extracts exhibited highest antioxidant potential that confirmed superiority of methanol as extraction media over the other solvents used. In addition, microwave-assisted extraction technique for the recovery of antioxidants from M. nigra leaves was optimized using response surface methodology. For the purpose, oven dried samples were further extra...

SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL2 & MUNAZZA AJAZ3

.... No doubt, man has made significant achievements in effective and neo-antimicrobials research, one wonders why not a single infectious agent has been completely knocked out. Our group has been focusing on ascertaining the basis of antibiotic deferring processes acquired by (indigenous) clinical strains. Accordingly, sub-lethal doses of the drug result in development of hyper-resistances. The bacteria have evolved the molecular genetical basis (and other param...

MUHAMMAD AMJAD ALI1*, MUMTAZ AHMAD KHAN2, WAQAS AHMAD3, FAIZ-UL HASSAN4, SYED MUHAMMAD RAIHAN DILSHAD5, MIAN MUHAMMAD AWAIS1, MUHAMMAD IRFAN ANWAR1, MUHAMMAD RAZA HAMEED1 , MUHAMMAD ASHRAF SULTAN6 & HASEEB ANWAR7

... and total proteins were significantly different among dogs of both treatment groups. The changes in TLC values were insignificant amongst both treatment groups. Hypertonic colloid fluid can effectively be used as resuscitation fluid in medical emergencies.

...

MUHAMMAD MANSHA*1, QAMAR ALI1, UROOJ FATIMA DILAWARI1, ABRAR HUSSAIN1 & MUHAMMAD TARIQ1

...ound to be inactive or insignificant against E. coli. Chalcone analogue 9 showed moderate activity against E. coli. Similarly, compounds, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 were found to be inactive or insignificant against S. aureus. Analogues 4 and 5 displayed moderate bioactivity against S. aureus. Similarly analogues 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 and 9 were found to be inactive or insignificant against C. albican...

*AMNA SHOAIB, AROOJ SHEZAD, ARSHAD JAVAID, SUNDUS AKHTAR & ZOIA ARSHAD AWAN

...es extract of R. sativus significantly decreased pathogen biomass by 6-96% and three Trichoderma species also caused significant inhibition in pathogen growth variably between 30-100%. In potted soil, application of separate or combined application of myco- and phyto-fungicides proved highly efficient in managing collar rot disease. However, combined effect of T. harzianum or T. viride + leaves biomass of R. sativus found mo...

Olaolu Fadeyi1,2, Oluwatoyin Fabiyi3*, Tesleem Bello4 and Gabriel Olatunji5

...nace of RKNs and causing significant yield losses in production. Many growers result to the use of synthetic nematicides to combat this risk. However, due to the increasing awareness about the detrimental effects of chemicals on human health and the environment, its continuous use is discouraged worldwide. The search for other eco-friendly alternatives has led to the use of different plant extracts with known pesticidal properties. This current research was co...

Aziz Ahmed1*, Anila Naz Soomro2, Muhammad Ramzan Ali1, Muhammad Aleem Khan1 and Hasina Basharat1

...media C showed a highest significant effect on percent sperm motility i.e., 89.66%±2.88, motility interval 300sec±2.67%, Viability: 74.48±0.39% and fertilization rates: 90.04±1.70% followed by activation media A. motility: 78.24±1.90, interval: 280sec±1.65 viability: 68.21±0.64 and fertilization rates: 78.01±1.81 while B. motility: 68.62±1.08, interval: 250sec.54±0.75%, viability:58.02&plusm...

Lendrawati*, Tinda Afriani, Eli Ratni

...Body weight had a highly significant (P< 0.01) correlation with BL (r = 0.723), CG (r = 0.814), and SH (r = 0.549). The optimal estimation of body weight was achieved through a blend of chest circumference and body length, as indicated by the regression model: BW = -15.705 + 0.133BL + 0.457CG.0.457CG with the highest r (0.822), R2 (0.676) and adjusted R2 (0.668) and the lowest RMSE (13.427). These findings suggested that chest girth and body length can be u...

Karima Akool Al-Salihi1*, Luay Jumaah Jihad2, Abbas Najm Aldin Saleh3

... reasonably, noticeably, significantly affected). In conclusion, this study approved that COVID-19 lockdown adversely affected animal and human health. Online education appeared as an alternative mode of veterinary education during COVID-19 lockdown with various challenges in practical lessons and clinical subjects.
 
Keywords | Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, COVID-19 lockdown, Education, Google classroom, Smartphone, Veterinary<...

María Julia Traversa1*, Mónica Saracco2, María Alejandra Colombatti Olivieri3, Fernando Paolicchi4, Edgardo Rodriguez5, Silvia Estein5, María Cristina Jorge5, William C. Davis6

...pressing cells increased significantly after specific stimulation. In PPDbEPPp group, B B2 cells expanded significantly (p=0.004), and cells with the activation marker CD25 (or interleukin-2 receptor α chain) expanded significantly (p= 0.03) with half IFNγ production. Results from this study suggest that in naturally M. bovis infected dairy cows EPP period would not influence t...

Bela Putra1*, Budi Prasetya2

...cation of a 15 Gy dosage significantly enhanced the absorption of P (p<0.01), N (p<0.01), and Ca (p<0.01) in the plant. Additionally, gamma irradiation at a 25 Gy dosage demonstrated a notable effect, resulting in the highest calcium (Ca) content (p<0.01). However, the treatment did not exhibit a significant impact on pH (p > 0.05) in the rumen fluid, while NH3 (p<0.01) and VFA (p<0.01) parameters in the...

Deni Novia*, Indri Juliyarsi, Rizki Dwi Setiawan, Clara Mustika, Cindi Melani

...rent drying times showed significant differences (P<0.05) in antioxidant activity, energy value, protein, fat, ash, moisture content, color (L*, a*, b*), and sensory properties, except for color attributes in the hedonic preference test. The longer the drying time, the lower the antioxidant activity, moisture content, solubility, and color values (a* and b*) and the higher the energy value, protein, fat, ash content, brightness (L*), and hedonic preferences...

Ho Xuan Nghiep1,2, Nguyen Binh Truong1,2*

...M digestibility were not significantly different in this study but CP and NDF were otherwise. The CMW0 treatment was lower than (P<0.05) the CMW75 treatment for CP digestibility (71.5 & 75.6%) and NDF digestibility (54.5 & 64.3%). The weight gain of cattle was 576, 584, 537 and 459 g/animal/day (CMW0, CMW25, CMW50 and CMW75, respectively). It is concluded that 25% of coconut meat waste changes maize in the diet of fattening Charolais crossbred cattl...

Jacob Situmeang1, Lovita Adriani1*, Deny Saefulhadjar1, Safri Ishmayana2

...t probiotic powder had a significant effect (P≤0.05) on increasing the protein and cholesterol, and decreasing the lipid content of egg yolks.
 
Keywords | Yogurt, Protease, Lipase, Probiotic, Protein, Lipid, Egg yolk
...

Alyaa S.K. Al-Shammari1, Mozhir K.K. Almahdawi2*, Manar H. Allawi3, Abdul Sattar S.S.Al-Bayati2 

... using flow cytometry. A significant (P≤0.05) reduction in leukocyte counts was observed during the gestation period in all experimental groups. In the lactation period, there was a significant (P≤0.05) elevation in the levels of total white blood cell count, percentage of lymphocytes, and CD4+ and CD8+ subsets of T lymphocytes in the E1 and E2 groups in comparison to the control group. The results of the present exper...

Ngoc Tan Nguyen1*, Thi Tuong Vi Trang1, Thi Thuy Tien Nguyen2, Tuan Thanh Hoang2, Duc Thoa Nguyen2

...th the DD genotype had a significantly (P<0.05) higher ANE than hens with the ID or II genotypes. The regression equation, Y = 1.5437X + 58.386 (R2=0.0185) showed a positive correlation with the correlation coefficient (R) at 0.136. Polymorphism at the 24 bp PRL/indel with DD genotype and the correlation coefficient can be used for molecular-aided selection to improve egg production in native chickens, requiring more in-depth study.
 
...

Putri Okta Shafura1, Mardiati Zain2*, Elihasridas2, Bima Bagaskara1, Ummi Amanah1, Laras Sukma Sucitra1, Bella Veliana Utami1, Roni Pazla2, Erpomen2, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Rusmana Wijaya Setia Ningrat2, Riris Delima Purba3, Ruslan Abdul Gopar3, Putut Suryo Negoro3

.... The results revealed a significant impact (P < 0.05) of these treatments on nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics. The combination of 0.5% S. cerevisiae and 0.3% sulfur tended to increase nutrient digestibility, total VFA production, and microbial protein synthesis. Additionally, there was a notable difference (P > 0.05) in rumen pH. Thus, the ammoniated citronella ration supplemented with 0.5% S. cerevisiae + 0.3% sulfur tended...
Aliya Irshad Sani1, Shumaila Usman2*, Zile Rubab1, Sufyan Ahmed3, Sana Iqbal3 and Zehra Ahmed4
...CR. The results revealed significant difference between the cycle threshold (Ct) values in the saliva and blood of OX40 (p value=<0.001) and OX40L (p value=<0.001) in OSCC patients. The fold change overexpression in blood and saliva is also compared in relation to histological gradings and clinical staging. Based on our observations we suggest these particular markers can be evaluated in blood and saliva less invasively compared to tumor biopsies.

...

Pham Tan Nha*, Le Thu Thuy

...P20 treatment (3.44) was significantly (P<0.05) lower than LP60 treatment (3.52) and LP80 treatment (3.59). It is possible to replace 60% of the fish meal protein with the black soldier fly larvae protein, providing the highest profit without affecting the growth of broiler Muscovy ducks during the 7 to 12 weeks period.
 
Keywords | Black soldier fly larvae protein, Fish meal, Growth, Muscovy duck
...

Muhammad Yusuf1*, Abd Latief Toleng1, Sahiruddin1, Masturi1, Hasrin1, Musdalifa Mansur2, Hendrikus Fatem3, Johan Koibur4

...nch protocol was 25.1 h, significantly higher (P=0.029) than the mean duration of estrus (19.5 h) in Select Synch protocol. It can be concluded that dairy Holstein Friesian heifers synchronized with both the Heatsynch and Select Synch protocols had a good response in synchronizing the estrus regardless of the condition of the ovaries.
 
Keywords | Dairy, Holstein Friesian Heifers, Estrous synchronization, Ovarian activity, Heasynch...

Xin Yan Ku1, Phek Jin Kwong1*, Chaiw Yee Teoh1, Mohammad Mijanur Rahman2, Fakar Fariz3

... in the T2 groups showed significantly (P<0.05) higher total weight gain (14.50 vs. 11.33 kg) and final weight (19.67 vs. 13.67 kg) at day 90 compared to the full suckling male kids, respectively. Similarly, the female kids in T2 group compared to T1 group showed significantly (P<0.05) higher total weight gain (10.17 vs. 7.5 kg) and final weight (15.83 vs. 13.17 kg) at day 90, respectively. The feed conversion ratios f...

Wasan Ali Hasan1*, Manal Abdulkhaliq Ibrahim2 

...ith famotidine, showed a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the eosinophils, neutrophils, mononuclear cells, and total white blood cell count. Additionally, the histopathological examination revealed that both of these groups showed reduced accumulation of inflammatory cells within the lungs and dilation of the bronchiolar wall across the lung tissue. In conclusion, famotidine has a protective effect against airway inflammation by the reduction of inflammato...

Srisukmawati Zainudin1,3, Hartutik2, Edhy Sudjarwo2, Osfar Sjofjan2*

...OVA). The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in nutrient digestibility when skipjack tuna offal meal was used as a fish meal replacement. In conclusion, fermented skipjack tuna offal meal was recommended as a source protein for local chickens.
 
Keywords | Fatty acid, Local chicken, Nutrient digestibility, Skipjack tuna, Omega
...

Nawab Ali1, Akeel Ahmed Memon1, Asmatullah kaka1, Amjad Hussain Mirani2, Muhammad Ibrahim Panhwar3*, Nisar Ahmed Solangi1, Kashif Ali Malik1, Fazul U Rahman1, Moin Akhtar Vistro1 

... D (6mM). Results showed significantly (P<0.05) higher motility (78.1±0.22), morphology (86.5±1.08), membrane integrity (85.6±0.30) and live dead ratio (85.3±0.37) for chilled semen in group B than the other groups. Significantly (P<0.05) improved post-thawed motility (68.1±0.42), morphology (73.5±0.3), membrane integrity (70.8±0.36) and live dead ratio (77.1±0.41...

Erika P. Grijalba-Bernal*, Fernando Rodríguez-Villamizar, Martha L. Chaparro-Rodríguez, Juan C. Ovalle, Martha I. Gómez 

... 6 months at 4ºC, a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) of viable cell counts, from 1.95 x 109 CFU/mL at time zero to 3.02 × 108 CFU/mL at 6 months, was noted; despite this, viable cell counts were never less than 1 × 108 CFU/mL; the minimum suggested for probiotic effectiveness. During in vivo trials, weanling dairy calves were given either a no-bacteria control, a freshly prepared, or stored probiotic emulsion. After 2 and 3 months, as compa...

Nabaa Fadhil Abbas*, Raffal A. Omar

...entanil with epinephrine significantly slowed down the wound-healing process in rabbit burn models compared to the other groups studied. This study investigated the effects of different medications on wound healing in rabbits. The results at various time points, including 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days, were analyzed. At 7 days post-treatment, Tramadol showed a reduction in wound diameter compared to the control group, suggesting potential wound healing effects....

Marwa R. El-Deken1, Raouf E. Rizk1, Mona R. Ahmed1, Fouad A. Tawfeek1, Hossam A. Shahba1, Wesam A. Fares1, Ayman M. Khalifah2*

... 3 and Glu 4 groups were significantly improved compared to those for the rest groups. Also, supplementing the diets with all concentrations of Glu acid significantly improved feed conversion ratio besides, eggshell calcium and phosphorus compared to those for control. Moreover, both Glu 3 and Glu 4 groups represented best significant improvement of hatchability and hatched chick weight. H...

Shahabaz Ul Haq1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Arsalan Khan2*, Adeel Khalid1, Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui3,4, Raheela Taj5, Asad Ullah6, Hidayatullah Soomro7 and Muhammad Wasim Usmani8*

...oats is a condition that significantly impacts animal welfare and dairy production. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and semiotic aspects of udder edema in the goat population of Faisalabad, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the OPD clinic of the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, over a one-year period in 2018. Sixty goats, comprising clinically diagnosed cases of udder edema and healthy controls, were enrolled. Data were c...

Waseem Abbas, Imtiaz Ahmed* and Imran Khan 

...ate composition showed a significant increase in ash at 2 and 3 % incorporation. The fiber content also significantly increased at the incorporation ratio of 1, 2 and 3%. In CWB, fat concentration at 2 and 3% incorporation remained almost equal to that of CB. The protein content increased “significantly in a dose-dependent manner with the increasing incorporation of these two herbs&r...

Safdar Hassan1, Shaukat Ali Bhatti1, Fawwad Ahmad1, Asad Ullah Hyder1, Muhammad Arslan2, Ashar Mehfooz3, Ijaz Saleem3, Muhammad Umar Yaqoob4,5, Mushrraf Nazir1, Muhammad Sharif1* 

...hat body weight gain was significantly (P=0.006) improved in all Zn-supplemented groups than in the control group. Significantly higher (P=0.027) dressing percentage and lower (P=0.028) abdominal fat rate were observed in Zn-50 than the control group. Results showed that weight of thymus and bursa were increased with supplementation of Zn (70 mg/kg) in diet. Optimal broilers’ performance requires a higher dietary Zn (...

Tianhoun Denté Fidèle1,2*, Meda Nãg-Tiéro Roland2, Zabré Geneviève3, Koama Benjamin2, Kaboré Adama1, Tamboura H. Hamidou1, Bélem Adrien Marie Gaston4 

...xtracts of C. micranthum significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) parasite life stages comparatively to negative control (PBS). Similarly, concentrations of both plant extracts inhibited egg hatching and larval development of the parasite in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) for egg hatching ranged from 2.189 and 2.994 mg/ml for the hydroacetone and aqueous extracts respectively, and that for larval development was 1.970 for the hyd...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

... bird disposal showed no significant associations (p > 0.05) with the prevalence of the disease. In conclusion, this study helps to fill a knowledge gap in the prevalence and distribution of NDV in the Barishal district of Bangladesh, provides a framework for future longitudinal research on NDV risk, and may help to formulate appropriate disease control strategies for commercial chickens.  

...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

... bird disposal showed no significant associations (p > 0.05) with the prevalence of the disease. In conclusion, this study helps to fill a knowledge gap in the prevalence and distribution of NDV in the Barishal district of Bangladesh, provides a framework for future longitudinal research on NDV risk, and may help to formulate appropriate disease control strategies for commercial chickens.  

...

Kiran Khan1*, Ata ur Rehman2, Jai Dev Maheshwari1, Ghazala Nasim Pasha3, Tayyaba Mumtaz4 and Ruqaya Nangrejo5

...is was not statistically significant.

...

Addisu Jimma1,2*, Aberra Melesse1, Aynalem Haile3, Tesfaye Getachew3  

...ed. The results revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in various aspects between CBBP members and non-members. CBBP participants showed higher numbers of lambs below 3 months, male lambs between 3-6 months, intact males between 6-12 months, breeding rams, mature ewes, and the mean flock size of sheep at the household level. The major routes of sheep entry into the flocks were birth (81%), and purchase (17%). The total number of entries and births was ...

Nadia Kèmi Assana Chabi1, Gildas Codjo Tchemadon1,2*, Olaïgbé Lydie Hounkpatin3, Paul Kouété Jimmy4 and Leonard Antoine Chaffara Afouda1

...al infections contribute significantly in reducing the yield of sweetpotato. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate farmers’ knowledge and perception of viral diseases that can affect sweetpotato, as well as the control strategies used to manage them. A semi-structured survey was conducted in March and October 2022 among 156 sweetpotato farmers in 11 townships in agro-ecological zones (AEZ) II, VI and VIII of Benin. Among the respondents, 96.3% do not re...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar*, Riffat Maqsood, Muhammad Zain, Muhammad Suleman, Tayyab Ur Rehman, Sana Asif, Abdul Wadood and Jawad Hussain

...ypically modest, despite significant neurologic symptoms and a deadly prognosis. The Rabies virus uses several strategies to circumvent the host’s defenses. As a major zoonosis, initial treatment and successful preventive and control efforts depend on a clear and prompt diagnosis. For the diagnosis of Rabies, conventional techniques such as Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test (dFAT) and histopathology are still employed. The OIE and WHO both frequently prop...

Iqtidar Hussain1*, Muhammad Inam Ullah Qaisrani1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Zuhair Hasnian2, Umar Khitab Saddozai1, Muhammad Naeem4, Hadia Gul5 and Moneeza Abbass3

...me and vigour index were significantly affected by various parthenium dry powder percentages. The smaller amount of parthenium powder (5, 10 and 15%) promoted the maize germination and seedling growth. The highest parthenium dry powder (20%) negatively affects the maize germination and seedling growth. Germination %, time to start germination and the time taken to 50% germination were not be affected by parthenium dry powder. Growth parameters like plant, root...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Woo Kyun Kim2, Aamir Khan3 and Abubakar Sufyan4

...roximate analysis showed significantly higher crude protein during phases 1 and 2, while crude fiber during phase1 and 3 for the SH treatment groups. The crude fat had a significantly higher value for the control group than all SH treatment groups during all (three) phases. The ash amount was significantly higher in the 3 and 6% SH groups during phase 1 while 6% and 9% SH groups during pha...

Abeer Alahmari1,2*

...ucture and functions are significantly influenced by toxins. Because the protective impact of myrrh resin on renal damage induced by alcohol intake has not been previously evaluated, this study was designed to investigate the in vivo antioxidant activity of aqueous myrrh extract (AME) on oxidative stress-dependent nephrotoxicity caused by ethanol in rats. Male Sprague‒Dawley rats orally received 40% ethanol (3 g kg-1) and were then orally treated with (500�...
Fahad Shahzad1, Muhammad Tahir1, Abdul Hafeez2, Muhammad Shuaib2*, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair2, Abdul Jabbar3, Abubakar Sufyan4, Muhammad Aamir Khan5, Muhammad Ayaz5, Hameed Ullah5 and Hammad Ullah5
...rameters were calculated significantly different. The interaction effect of (P21.5) and enzyme gave the highest feed intake and weight gain value among all the interactions. The highest crude protein was noted for protein level (P19.5) and maximum crude protein was obtained with enzyme treatment. Protein level (P19.5) and treatment having enzyme gave the highest AME. It was noticed that the lowest level of protein gave the highest FCR while the enzyme effect s...

Javairia Shafi*, Kashifa Naghma Waheed, Zahid Sharif Mirza and Shaista Razaq

...e of 5% fish biomass. No significant difference (P>0.05) in fish growth parameters and feed efficiency was observed among the treatments. There was no significant difference in apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter among treatments. Feed ADC (protein) with duckweed at 30% inclusion level was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to the other treatments. There was no ...

Muhammad Usman1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Nasir Mehmood2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3

...wed that doxycycline had significantly (p < 0.05) greater efficacy than Azithromycin till the end of the trial and clindamycin till the 21st day. However, the comparative efficacy of doxycycline and amoxicillin showed a significantly (p < 0.05) greater efficacy of the former till the 7th day. These results have proved that doxycycline is the best drug, followed by amoxicillin, to treat dogs suffering from Lyme borrelio...

Xin Niu1, Xuelan Fang2, Sang Ba3, Yihao Fang1,4, Davide Fornacca1,7, Kun Tan1,4, Yanpeng Li1,4,5*, Zhipang Huang1,4,5* and Wen Xiao1,4,5,6,7

...00 m - 3,500 m, but with significant differences in seasonal frequencies in the same elevational gradients. The two species avoided encountering each other to limit direct competition and conflicts. Moreover, differences in foraging strategy and dietary selection contributed to the coexistence of the two primate species in mountain habitats. Our findings suggest that, to support the coexistence and survival of these two primate species living in high altitude ...
Abdul Asim Farooq1,2*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Hamid Akbar1
Muhammad Ashraf3, Saima Inayat4, Muhammad Usman Saleem5
Saeed Murtaza2, Maqbool Hussain Shah2 and Muhammad Arshad Javid5
...nd 45. Our data showed a significant difference in the healing of fractures treated with BMA as compared to NS on days; 7 and 14. Moreover, the RUS, WBS, and serobiochemical profiles of goats treated with BMA showed improved healing of fractures as compared to the goats treated with NS. In summary, we observed that the healing process of the metacarpal and metatarsal fractured bones was reduced by bone plating, and bone wiring was ameliorated with the applicat...
Mouhamed Zakiou Kolawole Adissa Raimi1, Ghulam Hussain2, Nousheen Zafeer3, Faheem Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan4, Anwar Ullah1, Imdad Kaleem1 and Asghar Shabbir1*
...d but this too have some significant side effects. Alternatively, natural products can potentially serve as an affordable and effective substitute for the treatment of MS with minimum or no side effects. Blackseeds (Nigella sativa) and honey possessing potent neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties with no reported side effects can be a prospective candidate for an alternate remedial treatment of MS in animal model as well as in humans. ...

Zuhair Dardona1,2, Adnan Al-Hindi3, Mohamed Hafidi1, Ali Boumezzough1 and Samia Boussaa1,4*

...hown to be statistically significant, with p  values < 0.05. Meanwhile, this investigation found that beef samples were devoid of T. gondii infection. Regardless of whether it was examined with an ELISA or a PCR, this study revealed the occurrence of T. gondii in mutton. The current study also concluded that eating raw or undercooked mutton is a potential risk factor for the transmission of T. gondii infection to humans. Besides, the occurrence of T. g...
Qun Lu1,4, Yang Zhou1, Hangyu Lin1,4, Zhong tang He1, Feifan Ma1, Yonghua Zheng1,2, Hongyu Tang1,2 and Tao He1,2,3*
...a) showed that there was significant difference between Se. grahami and Sp. sinensis, which could be used to distinguish two species of fish belonging to different genera of the same family. This research could also provide data reference for the study of the migration route between Sc. grahami and Sp. sinensis.

...

Syed Makhdoom Hussain*, Hafiza Hina Shafqat, Muhammad Faisal, Mahnoor Saleem, Zeeshan Yousaf and Muhammad Amjad

...esults demonstrated that significant (p<0.05) improvement in growth performance i.e. weight gain % (WG %) (210.48), minimum feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.11) and maximum specific growth rate (SGR) (1.61) of fingerlings were noted when fed with test diet-VI-based on plant mixture oil. When compared to a control diet (0%) and other oil based experimental diets, such results were significantly different. While minimum growt...

Fika Yuliza Purba1,4*, Andi Magfira Satya Apada1, Andi Ariyandy2, Irwan Ismail1,4, Subaedy Yusuf3,4

...yte count in Group B was significantly higher than in Group A, while the lymphocyte and mid-cell count in Group B were higher compared to the other groups. The concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit in Group A was significantly higher compared to the other groups. In contrast, the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in Group A were significantly higher compared to G...

Ali Hassan1, Javaria Ashraf1*, Salman Wahid1, Kamran Alyas1, Samaria Nisar1, Sadia Kanwal2, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Amna Bibi2 and Rameen Nawaz3

...alysis of variance found significant variation between the parents and hybrids, demonstrating the presence of genetic diversity. For several traits including plant height, number of nodes per plant, number of bolls, boll weight, yield per plant, percentage of ginning outturn (GOT%), fiber length, micronaire value and fiber strength, the ratio of general combining ability (GCA) variance to specific combining ability (SCA) variance (2 GCA/2 SCA) indicated the pr...

Shishir Sharma1*, Suk Bahadur Gurung2, Ritesh Kumar Yadav1, Bibek Phulara1 and Laxmi Prasad Joshi1

...ine main components were significant (eigenvalues > 1) and accounted for 44.60%, 15.30%, and 13.60%, respectively of the total variance. PC1 comprised parameters including percent disease index (PDI), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), disease incidence percent (DI%), and infected leaves per plant (IL/P) that were mostly connected to quantitative resistance; PC2 was related to lesion number and lesion breadth; PC3 was mostly concerned with grain...

Shakil Ahmed1, Mahin Das2, Md. Rayhan Sojib3*, Shishir Kanti Talukder4, Sadia Sultana5, Prantika Datta1, Shofiqul Islam1 and Gazi Md. Mohsin2

...varieties had a positive significant difference (p<0.001) in the number of seeds per fruit compared to other local hybrids. Local hybrids showed positive significant differences (p<0.05) in the number of fruits per plant than exotic hybrid variety. However, germination percentage and first flowering were disproportionate, with exotic V3 (White Beauty) showing moderate germination and fast first flowering, while local h...

Muhammad Usman1, Majid S. Hashmi1, Ayaz Ahmad1*, Fawad Ahmad2 and Zahid Alam1

...D2 formulation exhibited significantly (P≤0.05) higher pH and ascorbic acid content while having lower TSS and TA content compared to the sugar-based sample and other stevia-containing samples. During the organoleptic assessment, OD2 consistently received higher scores from the panel of judges throughout the storage period. Statistical analysis confirmed that this particular formulation had a substantial impact on both the physicochemical and sensory charac...

Shahbaz Hussain1, Asif Ameen2*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar3, Atif Naeem1, Ahmad Jawad1, Madad Ali1, Muhammad Ather Nadeem3, Ghulam Abbas2, Muhammad Arif2, Muhammad Ahmad Zafar4, Zahid Hassan5

...d applied at either dose significantly (p≤0.05) reduced the population and growth of Cyperus iria (90-97% weed density and 93-97% weed dry biomass) and Echinochloa colona (94-97% weed density and weed dry biomass) weeds over control, while Puma Super proved efficient in suppressing Leptochloa chinensis and Echinochloa colona weeds. Among all the tested treatments, application of Puma Super at 92.66 g a.i. ha-1 furnished the highest number of tillers (137.3 ...

Umair Ahmad1*, Asad Sultan1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Tahir2

...00mg kg-1 feed exhibited significant effect on body weight, FCR, and carcass traits compared to the control. The highest body weight gain was recorded in birds fed GPP2, followed by birds on GPP1 and the lowest in N-CON fed birds. Ginger-derived phyto-protease supplementation significantly lowered serum cholesterol (TG and LDL) while HDL was raised in GPP2 compared to the N-CON group showing a positive effect on lipid profil...

Philip O. Akporhuarho1, Ufuoma Godstime Sorhue1*, Adimabua Mike Moemeka2, Onyinye Stella Onwumere-Idolor3, Jonathan Ujomu1, Emmanuel Abadah1, Jennfer Aaron1

...ed intake data showed no significant changes (P>0.05);likewise the final weight, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency, while weight gain was significantly different (P<0.05) with values of 1986.74 ± 13.54 (T2) to 2202.59 ± 53.34 (T1). Sensory attributes varied significantly (P<0.05) and improved with increased inclusion of Aframomum chrysanthum seed meal (ACSM)....

Hayder S. Rwayyih*, Tahani S.S. Al-Azawi

...pplemented groups show a significant decrease in CPK, CRP and troponin serum level. Moreover, there is an increase in heart index (0.45% and 0.41%) as compared with none supplemented intact and ovariectomized groups (0.43% and 0.35%) respectively. The histological sections of the heart from the supplemented groups show no clear lesions with normal spindle shape cardiac muscle and intercalated disc with normal aorta and epithelial cells. From the other hand, th...

Bushra AL-Khaqani, Amira Mohammed*  

...vealed that RES improved significantly (P<0.05) allergic asthma attenuation by decreasing the number of infiltrated mononuclear cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) and non-significantly (P>0.05) the number of infiltrated mononuclear cells intraperitoneally. RES increased lung integrity by reducing Evans blue extravasation in the lung (P<0.05) and liver (P>0.05). Additionally, in the BALF, RES therapy red...

Abdelghafour El-Hamzaoui*, Mouloud Lamtai, Laila Ibouzine‑Dine, Sofia Azirar, Mohamed Yassine El-Brouzi, Ayoub Rezqaoui, Aboubaker El-Hessni, Abdelhalem Mesfioui

...5 and 100 mg/kg, with no significant variation observed at lower doses (25 and 50 mg/kg). Our study confirms the dose-dependent effect of subchronic exposure to GBH, implicating markers of OS in the hippocampus as potential contributors to the observed neurobehavioral changes. Thus, our findings underscore OS as a plausible mechanism explaining the underpinnings of the neurotoxic effects observed following exposure to GBH.

...

Saadatin Nurul Jannah1, Edhy Sudjarwo1, Osfar Sjofjan2*

...f Variance (ANOVA), if a significantly different result is obtained, it is continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed no significant effect of treatment (P>0.05) on production appearance (feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, production index) and blood profile (haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocytes, leukocytes. Although the addition of garlic peel powder, shallot peel, and...

Ahmed Kareem Kadhim Al-Wasmee1, Waddah Salam Hassone2, Hawraa Talib Al-Janabi3, Hamed AH Al-Jabory1

... bovine herds and causes significant economic losses in the cattle sector. We estimated and interpreted the frequency of theileriosis in the calf herds in Babylon Province. We carried out the study from July until the end of December 2022 in several regions of Babylon Province. Ninety jugular vein blood samples were collected. The calves ranged from <1 M to ≥4 M and both sexes were represented. Two ml of blood were placed in sterile, EDTA-treated tubes, ...

Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Masood Rabbani1*, Sohail Raza1, Ali Raza Awan2, Aleena Kokab1, and Rida Haroon Durrani1

...ta;purD mutant exhibited significant attenuation of virulence and cleared from the mice spleen after 20th DPI when inoculated at the dose of 108 CFU per mice. In contrast to this, the parent RB51 strain induces splenomegaly and showed higher persistence with significantly higher splenic CFUs in the mice group at 10th and 20th DPI as compared to B. abortus ΔpurD mutant. The histopathological comparison of spleens from b...

Noor-ul-Ain1, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Saba Naz1, Kiran Saleem1,2, Syeda Rida Hasan1, Sana Arif1, Rida Ahmad1,3, Nida Naeem1, Zarmina Zainab1 and Aliza Batool1,3

... showed that there was a significant increase (p=0.003) in cage exploration by the installation of feeding enrichment while a significant increase was observed in cage exploration (p=0.04), drinking (p=0.04), and resting (p=0.001) behaviours by the installation of wooden platforms. All the other activities had no significant impact of both enrichments. This study revealed the significance ...
Asad Ali1*, Khalid Javed1, Imran Zahoor1, Khalid Mahmood Anjum2, Numan Sharif1, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Aftab Hussain Aftab3
...espectively. The YOS had significant (p≤0.01) impact on LSB, LWB, LMWB, LWW and LMWW. However, SOS did not affect any reproductive trait except for LI (p≤0.01). Parity significantly affected LMWB (p<0.05) as well as LSB, LWB, LSW and LWW (p≤0.01), but not LMWW and LI. Breeding ram influenced LSB, LSW and LWW significantly (p≤0.01). Genetic parameter estimates were very low d...

Muhammad Asif Iftikhar1, Talat Naseer Pasha2, Saima Inayat1, Khalid Javed3 and Rahman Ullah4*

...ffalo milk (To) showed a significant (p≥ 0.5) overall acceptability as compared to other treatments. Yoghurt made from Nili Ravi buffalo milk (To) were followed by T3, T4, T1 and T5 respectively. The Nili Ravi buffalo milk showed higher acceptability to the consumers.

...

Igor Ponjiger1, Milutin Kovacevic1*, Vladimir Markovic1, Zoran Ristic1 and Vukan Lavadinovic2

...density of European hare significantly differed between four fractions of the hunting ground - Bački Petrovac, Kulpin, Gložan, and Maglić. Density varied from 27 in Bački Petrovac to 50 individuals per 100 ha in Maglić. The population was negatively affected by mean patch size and by the area under no vegetation during the winter period. Conservation measures should focus on enhancing habitat heterogeneity by reducing field size, and fostering sowing duri...

Noura K. Al-Suwailem1, Nancy N. Kamel2, Ahmed O. Abbas1,3*, Farid S. Nassar1,3 , Dalia A.A. Elsayed4, Gouda F. Gouda1,5, Hosam M. Safaa6

.... The results revealed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HBG) concentration, hematocrit (HCT) percentage, albumin level, and endogenous antioxidant activity. Meanwhile, plasma total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea levels, and liver enzymes activity were significantly (P<0.05) increased. The carcass yield and meat quality showed sig...
Gilmar Jesús Cañarte-Cañarte1, Ernesto Gonzalo Cañarte-Bermúdez2*, José Bernardo Navarrete-Cedeño2, Luis Fernando Díaz-Toral1, Carlos Eddy Alvarado-Zamora1 and Fernando David Sánchez-Mora1*
...g between plants (m) was significantly influential in most of the agronomic and productive variables, compared to the spacing between rows, while the interaction was not significant. The plant spacing of 0.2 m showed the best plant development in the growth stage. The spacing of 0.2 m between plants recorded the lowest values in the productive traits, whereas spacing with 0.3 m and 0.4 m reported the best behavior. The spaci...

Minh Thi Le Bui1, Thanh Minh Le2, Thuan Khanh Nguyen1*

...atments. Weight gain was significantly different among the five treatments. Weight gain was significantly higher in T2, T3, and T5 treatments than in control treatment T1. The supplementation of A. fistulosum L. powder at 5 g/kg and 15 g/kg feed improved the weight gain of chickens.
 
Keywords | Allium fistulosum L., Antibody titer, Chicken growth, Local chickens, Newcastle disease
...
Yanis Cruz-Quintana1*, Ana María Santana-Piñeros1, Byron Manuel Reyes-Mero1, Leonela Griselda Muñoz-Chumo1 and Lenin Cáceres-Farías1,2 
...from El Coca farm showed significantly lower average sizes and weights than the fish from the other two farms, confirming the susceptibility of the smaller fish to these parasites. This is the first record of T. heterodentata for P. brachypomus in its entire range of distribution, and the first report of Trichodina in aquaculture systems of Ecuador. 
...

Faisal Ali1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Iqtidar Hussain1, Ghazanfar Ullah1, Atiq Ahmad Ali Zai2, Moneeza Abass3, Zuhair Hasnain4* and Sara Zafar5*

...s on the plant. The most significant interaction between the Sudan grass hybrid and fertilizer increased the crop growth rate (16.43 g day), leaf area index (5.01), net photosynthesis rate (66.07 mole m2 sec’’), green fodder yield (109.99 t ha’’), reducing sugars% (2.47), brix% (13.50), and pol% (8.11). Based on the research results, it has been found that Sudan grass hybrids fertilizer using NPK @ (150:120:100 kg ha’’) atta...

Muhammad Ayyub, Mitha Khan*, Syed Abdul Malik, Sakhawat Ali, Syed Shamsullah, Mujeeb ur Rehman, Ikhlaq Ahmed, Ameer Uddin, Habibullah Kakar, Mohammad Zahid, Khalil Ahmed, Mana Khan, Mukhtiar Ahmed, Muhammad Rafiq Khetran, Zia ul Haq and Muhammad Azam

...sis of variance exhibits significant differences at (p<0.001 and 0.005) for all studied parameters. In hybrids, Benazir×Raskoo had the highest average value (92%) and in parents, TD-1 (89.66%) found best among hybrids. Similarly, correlation coefficient results indicated significant association among all genotypes for all characteristics. Most of the parameters among crosses showed highly positive

Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Bilques Bano3, Muhammad Muddassir Ali4, Nazia Rubab5, Syed Tasadak Mehdi6, Muhammad Wasim Iqbal7, Kumay Hassan Akhtar8, Aqeel Raza9, Ujala Fatima Shan10, Muhammad Aftab11

... result is statistically significant and against the Null Hypothesis. It shows that significant difference has been estimated among all of the positive samples of yogurt. We found the commonly used antibiotics (Penicillin and oxytetracycline) in routine food i.e., in yoghurt samples collected from open market of Lahore, District of Punjab Province, Pakistan. 
 
Novelty Statement | The detect...

Asmit Subba1*, Jash Hang Limbu2 and Laxman Khanal1*

...cterization. They differ significantly from their congeners based on small size, completely separated pectoral spine from rays bearing 9–10 serrae along the inner edge and united anal-caudal fin. In Nepal, only one species of Heteropnuestes, i.e., H. fossilis has been reported. Based on the morphometric and meristic characteristics, this study reports the first-ever record of another species (H. nani) under the genus from eight locations in Jhapa Distric...

Bilal Atta1*, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Asif Farooq3, Muhammad Ijaz1, Tahir Hussain Awan1, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub4, Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Amara Nasiba1

...ion in September, with a significant increase from 2019 to 2020, followed by a decline from 2020 to 2021. However, a remarkable increase was observed from 2021 to 2022. Sesamia inferens displayed varying peak populations across the years, with a slight decrease from 2019 to 2020, a significant increase from 2020 to 2021, and a subsequent decline. Scirpophaga incertulas showed different peak populations at various times throu...

Naveed Akhtar, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Aamir Ali

...stricts was about 95%. A significant change in the population dynamics of Coccinellidae was observed at different phenological stages (BBCH Principal Stage) of maize crops during different study months. The highest species density was recorded during April and May in both districts. A positive correlation of the Coccinellidae was observed with temperature and negative for rainfall and humidity. This work is the first to characterize coccinellids biodiversity f...

Muhammad Adnan Khalid1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain1*, Shafaqat Ali2,3*, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain4, Muhammad Asrar1, Nisar Ahamd5, Majid Hussain6 and Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan7

...Mineral content was also significantly different in each fish group as compared to control diet. The diet contained Parthenium biochar showed poor results (P<0.05) in terms of minerals except Se (0.65±0.004 mg/kg). Antioxidant enzymes activity was the highest (P<0.05) in fingerlings fed with poultry waste biochar (peroxidase: 43.48 U/ml, catalase: 46.39 U/ml and superoxide dismutase: 48.20 U/ml) followed by the farmyard manure biochar (peroxidase:...

Saira Jabeen1, Muhammad Avais1*, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2, Aftab Ahmad Anjum3

... mastitis pathogen and a significant contributor to clinical mastitis cases in dairy cows. Due to environmental nature of this pathogen, conventional mastitis control measures often prove ineffective. Hence, the endeavor to combat E. coli mastitis through vaccination appears feasible and economically prudent. This study was aimed at preparation and evaluation of mastitis vaccines prepared by using local E. coli isolate, bearing the aggR gene, derived from mast...

Jinzhao Li1, Yawen Zhang2, Binghan Jia1, Yuqiong Zhao1, Huijuan Luo1, Xiaojie Ren1, Yuan Li3, Xiaoyan Bai1, Jing Ye3 and Junping Li1*

... propulsion velocity was significantly slower, especially in the distal colon. P-Ser396-Tau, P-Ser404-Tau, PKC, p-p38, p38, and Tau positive cells were distributed in the intestinal muscle plexus of the distal colon, and all of them were colocalized with MORs; though the expressions levels of tau and p38 remained unchanged, others indexes above significantly increased in the distal colonic muscle layer of OIC rats. However, ...

Yan Wang1,2*, Lin Liu3, Na Li4, Yijun Zong1, Wei Liu1, Wenhua Xu1, Qi Wang1, Peijuan Zhang1 and Huiling Feng2,5*

...ression of LY6K was most significant in A549 cells. In A549 cells, LY6K knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation and plate clonal formation (all p < 0.05), and inhibited tumor formation in nude mice (p < 0.01). The protein expression levels of GLUT1, HK2, PFKL, ALDOA, PGK-1, PKM2 and LDHA were down-regulated (all p < 0.05), and the glucose consumption and the contents of lactic acid and ATP were decrease...

M.J.Al-Saadi*, Jassim E.Q.Al-Musawi 

...mented groups, exhibited significantly (P<0.05) higher feed intake, body weight, ALT, and AST levels compared to the positive control group, which showed significantly (P<0.05) lower levels. In contrast, the positive control group showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher cortisol hormone level compared to all other treated and negative control groups. In the histological examination...

Shangmei Peng1 and Changhe Yu2*

...on methods. There was no significant difference compared with that in contrast-enhanced CT group (4.90%, P>0.05). The serum creatinine, uric acid and urea nitrogen in the contrast-enhanced CT group decreased, while cystatin C and eGFR increased after the examination, with statistical significance (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in creatinine, urea, urea nitrogen, cystatin C and eGFR between the two gr...
Danish Riaz1,2, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2*, Majid Hussain3, Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan4 and Eman Naeem2
...cal indices all improved significantly (p<0.05) after being supplemented with probiotics. Fish fed a diet supplemented with probiotics at a rate of 2.5 g/kg had substantial improvement in body weight (20.29 g), body wt.% (272.78 %), feed conversion ratio (1.24) and specific growth rate (1.46). At a supplementation dosage of 2.5 g/kg, the maximum apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) were observed for gross energy (73.54 %), crude protein (74.57 %), and ...

Moazama Batool1*, Syeda Ansa Fatima1, Saima Naz2*, Qurat Ul Ain1, Sheeza Bano1, Ghulam Abbas3 and Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha4

...ns rate, air gulfing was significantly (p<0.05) increased by increasing the bifenthrin concentration. Fin movements and swimming rate was also increased with increase in bifenthrin concentration but at later stage fish became motionless and sluggish. Body color was changed from grey to pale and gills from bright to light red color as bifenthrin concentration increased. Blood parameters such as red blood cell counts (RBCs), White blood cell counts (WBCs), He...

Khurram Nawaz Saddozai1, Muhammad Nasrullah2, Jahangir Khan3*, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Raheel Saqib4, Naheed Zahra5 and Mansoor Rasheed6

...sitive and statistically significant effects on tobacco production. Results of the study also corroborate an insignificant relationship of fertilizer with tobacco production. Findings of the study also showed that the allocation of inputs utilized during production e.g. labour, irrigation, seed, poultry manure and tractor are under-utilized, chemical is optimally-utilized while fertilizer is over-utilized by the growers in t...

Md. Khayrul Basher1, Sumon Sarkar2,3, Md. Samiul Haque1, Sourav Sarker4, Md. Rashedul Islam1*

...chemical, and many other significant systemic illnesses. The current study on adult female mice assessed the protective effects of Na-selenite against arsenic-mediated hematological, biochemical, and organ development toxicities. In this study, adult female mice (Swiss Albino) were categorized into four groups namely control, NaAsO2, NaAsO2+Na2SeO3, and Na2SeO3 (10 µm NaAsO2 and 10 µm Na2SeO3, respectively) were orally administrated via drinking wa...

Hilarius Yosef Sikone1*, Gomera Bouk2, Edelnia Kristina Bere2, Yohana Kamlasi2, Elisabeth Yulia Nugraha1

... production and differed significantly from those raised in lowland areas. With average birth weights of 14.70 (cow calf) and 16.21 (bull calf), for weaning weights of 107.43 (cow calf) and 109.37 (bull calf), and for the weight of mothers aged > 4-5 years, 248.11 the income of cattle breeders is greatest for breeders with the TDKT system reach IDR 7,137,737.00, followed by the SIMK system, which the breeder’s income amounting to IDR 5,377,735.00, the...

Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Khadija Akram1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Arshad1, Samina Khalid2, Hamza Latif1, Aqsa Amjad1, Nahdia Perveen1, Emaan Sajid1

... insect pest that causes significant economic losses and food insecurity in stored grain products. This research aimed to assess the efficacy of plant essential oils against T. castaneum. The study found that cinnamon oil exhibited the highest insecticidal activity, with a 100% mortality rate for all tested concentrations and time intervals for adult beetles. Clove oil also displayed significant insecticidal activity, result...

Apurbo Kumar Mondal1, Md. Rabiul Auwul2, Md. Momotaj Hossen3, Md. Sodrul Islam1*, Narayan Paudyal4, Md. Shahidul Islam1 and Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil1

...16 % from 2000-2021 with significant heterogeneity (P < 0.01) among the studies. A subgroup analysis was also performed for species, age, sex, study duration, and sample size for the assessment of the potential risk factors. The prevalence rate was found highest in sheep at 42.91%, female individuals at 32.32%, 500 or below sample size at 43.63%, in the period of 2000–2010 at 42.05% and aged animals at 41.23% non-significant
Shahid Iqbal Khattak1, Mohammad Safdar Baloch*1, Khalid Naveed2, Muhammad Amjad
Nadim1, Asghar Ali Khan1 and Kaleem Ullah3
...s (g m-2) influenced non-significantly for both the
years. These findings suggest that foliar application of potassium sulphate @ 60 kg ha-1
along with recommended dose of nitrogen (120 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (90 kg ha-1) is the
most suitable for successful wheat production under rainfed conditions.
...

Saad Parvaiz1, Khuram Mubeen1*, Mudassir Aziz1 and Tanveer-ul-Haq2

...45 days after emergence, significant reduction in yield and growth of maize
was observed. It can be concluded that farmers should control horse purslane within first 45
days in maize field.
...

Arshad Javaid1* and Iqra Haider Khan

...>doses of soil amendment significantly suppressed root length by 21–48% over control. A
1.2% soil amendment significantly reduced biomass of parthenium seedlings by 23%. This
study concludes that leaf and stem extracts of parthenium possess potent herbicidal
potential for control of parthenium.
...

Rehan Habib1, Khuram Mubeen1, Ammar Matloob1 and Muhammad Baqir Hussain2

...ns were done with honest significant
difference (HSD), Tukey’s test at 0.05 probability. The maximum biological yield was
achieved in plots kept weed free over crop growth cycle 6536.0 kg ha-1 and statistically
minimum yield achieved inweeds free (whole season(5145.4 kg ha-1). While T7all weeds free
till 60 DAE and T4horse purslane free till 60 DAE treatments attained 6345.8 kg ha-1 and
6251.8 k...
Mona Adel El-Wakeel1*, Salah El-Din Abd El-Ghany Ahmed, Sanaa Abd El Rahman Mohamed
and Nadia Khalil Messiha
...d 45 g pot-1
significantly developed most of growth parameters and yield traits of C. annuum than the
healthy plants in both seasons. On the contrary, acetic acid treatment alone recorded the
lowest value of all growth parameters and yield traits of C. annuum plants.
...

Nimra Javaid1, Mukhtar Hussain Shah1, Iqra Haider Khan2, *Arshad Javaid2 and Syed Muhammad Waleed1

...says. ANOVA revealed the significant effect of plant part bioassay and extract concentration on germination as well as various root and shoot growth parameters. Leaf extract was found as the most herbicidal where a 10% extract completely inhibited the germination and growth of parthenium. Root and inflorescence extracts were also highly inhibitory in suppressing the germination up to 89% and 95%, shoot length up to 80% and 89%, root length up to 86% and 91%, a...

Felix O. Takim*1, Gideon Z. Nayan2, Oluwafemi O. Osatuyi1and Israel O. Olayiwola1

...in the month of June had significantly higher tuber yield of 9.56 t/ha of sweet potato and maize grain yield of 3.28 t/ha while intercropping 33,333 plants/ha of sweet potato (1 vine of sweet potato planted at 0.40m apart on the ridge and 0.75m between ridges) and maize at 53,333 plants/ha (0.25m x 0.75m) gave an intercrop yield of 7.32 t/ha tubers and 3.46 t/ha grain yield with highest LER of 1.74, a net profit of ₦566,435.00 and benefit cost ratio of 1.44 ...

Pradeep Shah1*, Shrawan Kumar Sah2, Komal Bahadur Basnet2 and Mina Nath Paudel3

...rly, weed densities were significantly lower when seed rates of DDSR was increased to 75 to 100 kg ha-1 as compared to 25 to 50 kg ha-1 in both years at most of observation dates. Sesbania knockdown at 42 DAS recorded significantly higher grain and straw yields but was statistically similar to knockdown dates of 35 DAS. Similarly, higher seed rates of 75 to 100 kg ha-1 produced better grain and straw yields than 25 to 50 kg ...
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Abdul Rehman1, Amjed Ali1,
Nasir Iqbal2, Qaisar Mumtaz1, Amir Javed1
...ll herbicides have shown significant
decline in weed density (up to 94%) and dry weight (up to 88%); and caused significant
increases in plant height (up to 85%), pod bearing branches (up to 77%), number of
pods per plant (up to 83%), 100-seed weight (up to 37%) and seed yield (up to 160%)
of soybean. Among herbicides, topramezone at 21.5 g a.i ha-1 gave <...

Muhammad Rafiq,1 Amna Shoaib,1 Arshad Javaid1

...ealed fungal biomass was significantly reduced (52–97%) with increase in
concentrations of the extract (1.56–200 mg mL-1). GC-MS analysis revealed that benzoic
acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-, methyl ester; 13-cis-retinoic acid; pyridine, 2-pentyl-; 9-
octadecenamide, (Z)- and L-proline were important compounds responsible for the
antifungal activity. Hence, methanolic root extract might be a potential lib...

Arshad Javaid, Amna Ali, Iqra Haider Khan and Amna Shoaib

...replications. S. rolfsii significantly reduced dry
biomass of shoot, root and grains of chickpea by 21, 36 and 50%, respectively, as
compared to negative control (without fungus or C. album). Likewise, chlorophyll and
carotenoid contents were also reduced by application of S. rolfsii. Application of different
concentrations of dry biomass of C. album (DBC) significantly improve...
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan 1, Sadia Afzal2, Muhammad Azim
Khan3, Tasawer Abbas4, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid1, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1,
Naila Farooq5 Amir Aziz5
...t parts of C. tinctorius significantly inhibited the mean
emergence time, emergence index, emergence percentage (%), time taken to 50%
emergence as well as growth of O. punctata weed. However, maximum mean emergence
time (4.73 days), time taken to 50% emergence (4.19 days) was noted at 8%
concentration and emergence index of O. punctata was noted at 0.25% concentration when
fruit extract was applied. ...
Luqman1, Zahid Hussain1, Mohammad Ilyas2, Azmat Ali Awan3, Javed Rahman 2,
Mazhar Ali2 and Tamana Bakht4
...ight. The results showed significant effect for all the parameters during both years. Weed
biomass was the highest (2971 and 3595 kg ha-1, respectively) in weedy control treatments,
and lowermost in the hand weeded treatments (68 and 83 kg ha-1) in 2012 and 2013,
respectively. Moreover, the effect of the mulching treatments and the herbicidal treatments
were statistically quite close to each other but

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1, Sadia Afzal2, Hasnain Abbas3, Muhammad Khuram Dar3, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Ishtiaq Hassan4, Muhammad Asif1, Muhammad Adnan1, Amir Aziz5

... flower of P. somniferum significantly inhibited the emergence, seedling growth as well as root length (cm), shoot length (cm), fresh weight (g) and dry weight (g) of O. punctata. Maximum mean emergence time (9.18 days) and minimum shoot length (1.13 cm) emergence index (0.89) and emergence percentage (6.67%) was observed under fruit extract at 8% concentration. P. somniferum aqueous extract of stem at 8% concentration took maximum time to complete 50% emergen...

Khalid Ali1, Asif Tanveer1, Naila Farooq2, Tasawer Abbas3*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Muhammad Ather Nadeem4, Ishtiaq Hassan3, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid4, Anees-ul-Hussnain Shah5, Bilal Ahmad Khan4 , Ali Raza6

...eedling growth decreased significantly. Larger seeds have more potential to germinate and grow vigorously at an increased salt concentration as compared to medium and small seeds. Salt stress caused 40-73%, 59-96% and 40-100% inhibition in seed germination, seedling length and dry weight, respectively. Among various salt stresses CaCl2 showed less inhibition of R. capitata. The higher tolerance of this weed to wide range of salt stresses is alarming factor und...

Shabana Mangi1, Waheed Ali Panhwar1, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, G. Sarwar Solangi2, Khalid Hussain Rind3, Nazir Ahmed Abro4, Zaibun-nisa Memon1, Gul Hafeeza Lund1 and Paras Somroo1

...e instant species causes significant damage to crops, feeding on different weeds including; Gnaphalium, Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus and Cortaderia sellona, while the crops include; maize, potatoes, tomatoes, sugar cane. Its larva is known as wireworm that is yellowish to brown in color. The members of this genus badly affect the economy of the growers in the affected areas. Aptopus opata is a differ from the closely related species on the taxonomical basi...

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan*1, Saima Anwar2, Hasnain Abbas3, Muhammad Yasin1, Rizwan Maqbool3, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz5, Muhammad Sikander Hayyat1, Muhammad Shozib Javed5

...he parts of S. oleraceus significantly inhibited the seed emergence, emergence index, emergence percentage (%), growth and delayed mean emergence time and time taken to 50% emergence of E. cruss-galli. However, maximum mean emergence time (5.20 days) and time taken to 50% emergence (3.49 days), were noted at 8% concentration of fruit and leaf aqueous extracts, respectively. Fruit aqueous extract at 8% concentration caused the lowest germination index (1.70), g...

Haroon Khan1*, M. Mubassir Khan1, Bakhitar Gul1, M. Fawad1 and Imtiaz Khan1

...eby indicating them as insignificant among the weed flora of the study area. Importance value data revealed that C. dactylon, D. sangunalis, C. rotundus and S. halepense having IV % of 34.03, 19.99, 16.89, and 10.17, respectively. Looking at the overall distribution of weeds flora in NDF-Malakandher, UAP during the summer season C. dactylon is distributed on roadsides, field ridges, irrigation channels, agricultural fields, orchards and wastelands, while P. hy...

Shazia Shafique1, Sobiya Shafique1 and Sonia Sahar1

...ery important due to its significant yield losses. Therefore, control of this disease is obligatory to reduce the causal agent lower than commercial thresh hold level. Biological control provides safe fungal management program. Presently, the research was under taken to ascertain the antitoxic effect of Thymus serpyllum against eggplant leaf spot pathogens i.e., Exserohilum rostratum, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Curvularia clavata. For this, 10 concentrat...

Sanaullah1*

...y area. Study observed a significant decrease in crops yield due to various weeds found in farmers’ fields. Effective extension services are needed to encourage farmers integrate cultural practices with chemical control management in order to get better crop yield and avoid environmental and human health hazards.

...

Salman Ali1*, Muhammad Arif1, Mehran Ali1, Muhammad Afzaal2, Gohar Saeed32, Muhammad Bilal4, Fazal Munsif1 and Sajjad Zaheer1

...: justify;">Weeds pose a significant threat to successful crop production. To meet the increasing future food demand, sustainable and efficient weed control remains a cornerstone practice. Usage of high doses of herbicides for killing weeds has created several ecological and environmental problems which cannot be overlooked. Therefore, other weed control practices and techniques should be adopted to minimize weed-crop competition and increase the growth and pr...
Farrukh Avais1, Anser Ali1, Hamza Javed2, Muhammad Saleem3, Tehreem Tahir4,
Muhammad Rafiq5,*
...racts
showed significant anti-oxidant activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.05 ± 0.2 mg/ml
to 4.3 ± 2.3mg/ml. Moreover, AS and MP all 16 extracts have significant anti-tyrosinase
activity with IC50 range from 0.014 ± 0mg/ml to 1.205 ± 0.07mg/ml. Interestingly, AS
leaf MetOH_EA, AS leaf MetOH_CHCl3, AS root MetOH_EA and MP leaf MetOH_CHCl3
<...
Barkatullah1, Sumayya Noreen1.Khushnood Ur Rehman1, Zahid Ali Butt2, Tabassum
Yaseen3, Kamran Akbar3, and Salma Noreen3
...ns of Z. mauritania have significant negative allelopathic effects on the tested plant
species. Additional study is mandatory to understand its allelopathic performance in field
conditions contrary to its related types and to recognize the noxious value.
...

1Bakhtiar Gul1*, Muhammad Ibrahim and Haroon Khan

...nd experiment herbicides significantly affected the
re-sprouting ability, growth and biomass production of common reed and minimum resprouting
and shoot biomass (3.33% and 6.00 g), respectively, were noted for fenoxapropp-
ethyl as compared to control treatment (90.00% and 38.67 g) where no herbicide had
been applied. Therefore it is concluded from the results that on either side from water
regime (T5...
Haseeb Ahmad1*, Muhammad Shafi1, Waqas Liaqat1, Muhammad Faheem Jan1,
Shahzad Ahmad2 and Muhammad Farooq3
...hisel plough + rotavator significantly reduced weeds m-2 (122,
101 and 125 weeds m-2), weeds fresh weight (19.73 g m-2, 116.35 g m-2 and 252.56 g m-2)
and weeds dry weight (6.83 g m-2, 38.69 g m-2 and 80.61 g m-2) at 30, 45 and 60 days
after sowing, respectively. The operation of chisel plough + rotavator produced tallest plants
(221.22 cm) with maximum grain rows ear-1 (16) and shelling percentage (78.14%).
Imtiaz Khan,1 Muhammad Kabir, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Haroon Khan, Saima
Hashim and Muhammad Azim Khan
...thods were statistically significant for plant height, grains spike-1,1000grain weight and
biological yield that showed a clear effectiveness of the recorded data parameters. In
addition to this, herbicides applications were also statistically significant for all the
parameters except grains spike-1, while the interaction of sowing methods and herbicides
application were also n...

Iqra Haider Khan1, *Arshad Javaid1 and Nadeem Shad1

...rganic solvent fractions significantly controlled the growth of A. versicolor. There were 71–
100%, 59–100%, 65–100% and 69–100% decline in the biomass of A. versicolor due to nhexane,
chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions, respectively. It is concluded that
different fractions of leaf extract of C. sativa have remarkable potential in controlling growth
of A. versicolor.
...
Muhammad Sikander Hayyat1*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Mansoor
Javaid1
...sidue of red sprangletop significantly reduced the germination
percentage, germination index, seedling length and seedling vigor index by 35.13, 23.26
and 41.61% compared to control. It very well may be presumed that liquid concentrates of
leave and stem soil-decomposed plant residues of 6% concentration had different kind of
allelochemicals that inhibited the germination, seedling growth and development of rice....

Iqtidar Hussain1, Ejaz Ahmed Khan1, Jawad Nazir and Ehtesham-ul-Haq1

.... M.azedarachexhibited a significant negative impact on germination of T. aestivumat100, 200, 300, 400 glitterof leaves than control (sterilized soil).M. azedarachhalted the coleoptilelength of T. aestivum@ 400 gleaves litter-1 (T4). Powdered leavesof M. azedarachin clay loam soil appeared to have strong allelopathic inhibition under maximum concentrations on growth and germination ofT. aestivum.Hence, M.azedarach proved to be a strong allelopathic plant that ...

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1*, Saima Anwar2, Rizwan Maqbool3, Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz4, Iram Batool3, Athar Mahmood3, Abdul Rehman1, Aafaq Ali5, Aneela Nijabat5

...s of various plant parts significantly inhibited the mean emergence time, emergence index, emergence percentage (%), time taken to 50% emergence as well as growth of O. punctata. However, maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days), minimum germination index (1.69), germination percentage (40%), root length (2.04 cm), shoot length (5.71 cm), fresh weight (59 g), dry weight (4.06 g) was noted at 8% concentration with fruit aqueous extract. Seeds of O. punctata took...

Muhammad Nasir Mazhar1, Muhammad Arif*, Naeem Akhtar1 and Muhammad Shafiq1 and Muhammad Yousaf1

...ynil + MCPA and mulching significantly reduced the weeds density, fresh and dry weight of weeds. However, covering the soil surface with the organic mulch may have a great impact on the growth and yield-contributing attributes, hence produced maximum grain yield.

...

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1* Sadia Afzal2, Rizwan Maqbool3, Hasnain Waheed1, Aneela Nijabat4, Muhammad Ikram5, Amir Aziz6, Muhammad Adnan1, Qaisar Mehmood7, Hasnain Umer3

...t parts of P. somniferum significantly reduced mean emergence time, germination index, germination percentage, time to 50% germination as well as well growth of E. cruss-galli weed. However, maximum mean emergence time (9.07 days), time to 50% germination (3.67 days) was noted by applying leaves and stem extract, respectively. Application of aqueous extract of stem at 8% concentration resulted in greatest time to complete 50% germination (5.42 days) and lowest...

Afrah Adil Hassan1*, Hawraa F. H. Alowaid1, Majdy Faisal Majeed2 

...cated that lead toxicity significantly (p≤0.05) increased MDA and MOP levels while decreasing GSH activity in the liver compared to the control group. However, this effect was significantly (p≤0.05) altered by the supplementation of Chy and Gnk. Similarly, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly decreased (p≤0.05) by the treatment with Chy and Gnk, which were m...

Makruf Arif1, Asmarani Kusumawati2*, Kurniawan Dwi Prihantoko3, Agustina Dwi Wijayanti4, Sri Gustari2 

...ion phases, there was no significant effect on motility, viability, and membrane integrity (P > 0.05). However, supplementing genistein and glutathione improved the post-thawing results significantly (P < 0.05). The addition of 10 µM genistein and 0.02 mM glutathione to KUB rooster semen post-thawing improved motility (43.00±1.41% and 41.75±1.70%), viability (54.75±1.70% and 53.75±1.50...

Mushtaq A.Alabodi1*, Imad Majeed Almeeni2 

...at interestrus days were significantly higher in the G2 group (111.00 ± 2.68 days) compared to the G1 group (28.00 ± 8.38 days), with a significant difference (P < 0.05). While there was a non-significant effect on estrus duration, with only a numerical increase (P > 0.05) in the estrus phase in G2 (9.20 ± 1.11 days) compared to the G1 group (7.00 ± 0.70 d...

Nittaya Thongtip1, Sukanya Poolthajit1, Sirikhan Thartrak1, Qiongxian Yan2, Suntorn Wittayakun1* 

...dding RDA, ZBC, and RAZC significantly increased blood hematocrit (p = 0.010). Adding either RDA or ZBC and RAZC combination did not affect blood metabolites regarding glucose (p = 0.074) or blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.364). Creatine was the lowest in goats fed RDA but the greatest in ZBC (p = 0.003) compared with CON and RAZC. Supplementation of RDA, ZBC, and RAZC affected concentrations of free T4 hormones, especially for ZBC (p = 0.008). However, there were ...
Ali Bouzekri1,2*, Souheila Slimani1,2, Meryem Nassar1,2, Souad Zaaboub3 and Nora Sakhraoui1
...ol and TT groups, with a significant increase in testicular volume followed by spontaneous gonadal regression up to week 10. But testicular weights were superior in TT pigeons compared to the control during all experiments. However, the administration of SPT has suppressed gonadal growth and delayed photo-refractoriness. Sex hormones levels revealed a significant increase in LH and FSH levels in all groups compared to contro...

Liyun Chang1*, Yumei Cai1, Chenghui Li1 and Jianhua Qin2*

... PLGA microspheres group significantly increased (P <0.05) and the peripheral blood IgG levels were significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the naked plasmid group and the control group, but no difference was found between naked plasmid DNA vaccine group and the control group (P>0.05). The results of the present study indicated that the immune response was induced in the chickens after oral delivery of oral susta...
Memoona Adil1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Jibran Hussain2, Sehrish Firyal1, Saadat Ali3, Muhammad Azam4, Muhammad Wasim1 and Ali Raza Awan1*
...rements was found highly significant (p-value = 0.000). A multiple linear regression model for both male and female birds was found to be highly significant (p-value=0.000). In male birds, there was a strong positive correlation between BW and BL (p-value=0.000) and a moderate negative correlation between BW and DC (p-value=0.000). Other body measurements were observed as weakly correlated with BW (p values >0.05). In fem...

Haoneng Guo1,2, Shuangshuang Xiao3, Wenfang Lou1,2, Rifat Ullah Khan4, Juanjuan Wu1,2, Bo Huang2, Sifa Dai2,3* and Guanhong Li1*

...day-old broilers with no significant difference in weight, were randomly divided into four groups, each group with four replicates and 12 broilers per replicate. Group Ⅰ was a control group, the broilers were fed the basal diet, and the broilers in Group II, III, IV were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.0% and 1.5%, respectively 2.0% Gln. The broilers were kept at 25±2 ℃ for 14 days. Samples were taken and analyzed at 7 and 14 days of age. On th...

Eman Ali Hussein1*, Majdy Faisal Majeed2

... groups 3 and 4 recorded significantly (p≥0.05) enhanced of renal functions during blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine (CT), and urea (UR) as well as noted hyperactivity of antioxidant enzyme, SOD, and GSHt, while CAT and GPx have remained within the boundaries of the negative and positive control group 1 and 5 respectively. The above results were reflected in the acute histopathological changes of the kidneys in the diabetic animals of group 2, while showe...

Md. Shahidul Islam*, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Md. Sodrul Islam, Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil and Apurbo Kumar Mondal

...formances group B showed significantly (p< 0.05) higher comparing to the group A and C. The lowest FCR found in group B comparing to the group A and C. In hematological analysis there was significant (p< 0.05) changes in TEC, HB, PCV in the group B compared to the group C and A. So, it can be concluded that probiotics has positive effects on the growth performances (daily and final body weight improvement, FCR and orga...

Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi1*, Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1, Mona M.S. Zayed3, Entesar H. Taha2 and Nora R.A. Saleh1

...nd Pf isolates decreased significantly (P≤0.05) root-knot nematode as indicated by numbers of egg masses, eggs and galls per root system more than single treatments. Co-toxicity% for the two applied combined treatments of each bacterial isolate+ AMF, added at the same time with nematode (Ne) or added at 7 days before Ne inoculation, showed additive or synergistic interaction effects. The tested isolates increased significant<...

Aya A. Saber1, Mohamed Fawzy2*, MokhtarM. EL-Tarabili2, Eman K. El Sayed2

...t affect cattle, causing significant economic losses. The application of a promising vaccination strategy requires the utilization of safe and effective vaccines capable of successfully preventing and controlling these disastrous diseases. The current study explored the effect of simultaneous vaccination of cattle with BEF and RVF vaccines on the calves’ humeral immune response. Four groups of BEF and RVF seronegative calves were used in this study; grou...

Nabeel Akhtar1, Owais Iqbal1,2*, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani1, Rehana Naz Syed1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1

...d Kocide at 1000 ppm can significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of R. solani leading to 100% growth inhibition. Additionally, three fungicides, namely Systhane, Shincar, and Topsin M, were highly effective at all concentrations and caused 100% growth inhibition of M. phaseolina, followed by Antracol (87.22%) at 800 ppm. The Nativo, Evito and Moncut were moderately effective at 1000 ppm, causing more than 78% mycelial growth inhibition of M. phaseolina. More...

Suparada Saphaphan, K. Teepalak Rangubhet, Phongthorn Kongmun*

...s production at 72 h was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the MSGBTRS treatment, while PH exhibited the lowest value (P<0.05). Additionally, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) at 24 and 48 h was highest in the 3.5% UTRS treatment (P<0.001), while that in the MSGBTRS treatment was comparable to PH. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) showed no significant differe...

Nguyen Thuy Linh, Nguyen Hoang Qui*

...different (P>0.05). A significant effect of HI in replacing FM recorded in immune organ weights, especially, improving bursa of Fabricius and thymus weight (P<0.05). The inclusion of 15% and even 30% HI in diets to replace FM did not record changes in hematological and hepatic enzyme indicators. It can be concluded that FM replacement by HIM could improve growth and health of broilers without detrimental effect.
 
Keywords | ...

Claude Mona Airin1*, Miyayu Soneta Sofyan2, Galy Hardyta3, Khrisdiana Putri4, Pudji Astuti1

...he afternoon. There is a significant (P<0.05) difference in the average daily cortisol levels and morning cortisol levels during the low session and peak session. The number of tourists and the number of tourists riding horses is correlated positively with cortisol levels but not significantly. The mean cortisol levels in the afternoon and evening are not significantly different during ...

Wali Muhammad Mangrio1*, Faheem Ahmed Jatoi1, Hakim Ali Sahito1, Fahmeeda Imdad Sahito2, Bhugro Mal3 and Naseem Qureshi4

...rall (24.96%). There was significant effect of all the botanical insecticides but neem oil proved with best efficacy against this potential pest, hence recommended. Given district is regarded as the date palm biodiversity centre, here more than three hundred date palm varieties are being grown. It is strongly needed to develop new strategies with combination of commercial botanical pesticides. As an alternative and minimize the toxic chemical pesticides, becau...

Mthi S. 1,2, Ikusika O.O.1*, Washaya S.3, Mpendulo C.T.1, Nowers C.B.2 

... scale. Treatments had a significant difference (P<0.05) in the weight gain of lambs. Improvement in the average daily weight gain performance of lambs was also observed at 10% DME inclusion levels, followed by T1 (31.96±7.787 kg), T2 (31.86±7.787 kg), and T3 (31.5±7.787 kg), respectively. Coccidia and roundworms were the only species found in the collected faecal samples. Significant differences were...

Khalid Hussain*, Tanvir Hussain, Zahid Rauf and Nowsherwan Zarif

...tors as well. Strong and significant relationship was found between diameter and age. Time series revealed a drought period spanned between 1760-1950 CE; however, beyond 1950 CE uptrend in growth which remain constant upto the years 2000 CE. Species may be used to study climatic variations and reconstruction of the past climate and predictions of future changes.

...

Zia Ur Rahman1*, Naveed Ahmad1, Adnan Ahmad2, Hammad Ud Din1 and Fazli Amin1

...sis of variance revealed significant variations in phenological parameters, specifically days to flowering and days to maturity, among the tested Sesame varieties at a significance level of (P < 0.01). Similarly, significant effect was also observed for seed yield and other yield attributing traits. Numerically, the top-performing Sesame varieties in terms of seed yield were Till-18 (11 qt/ha), TS-3 (10.3 qt/ha), and DM-1...

Ashar Farooq1*, Farrukh Waheed1 and Asad Abbas Khan2

...on in un-grazed site was significantly higher (P<0.01) than the grazed site. The results further revealed that air dried forage production and cover percent of Cenchrus ciliaris and Cynodon dactylon were significantly higher in the un-grazed area. This is attributed to protection from grazing while the cover percent and air dried forage production of Eleusine flagellifera and Cymbopogon jwarancusa were higher in grazed ar...

Amir Afzal1*, Sairah Syed1, Hafiz Husnain Nawaz2, Ruqeah Mustafa1, Marjan Aziz1, Madeeha Khan1, Azra Khan3, Uzma Javed1, Attiq Ur Rehman4, Rubab Altaf 5 and Qamar Shakil6

...nd diversity of Pst pose significant challenges for the management and control of stripe rust in wheat crops. Effective strategies for disease control require a better understanding of the genetic and geographic diversity of Pst populations and the factors driving their evolution. Effective monitoring of Pst populations is critical for developing strategies to control stripe rust and ensure the long-term sustainability of wheat production. Pathogenicity survey...
Rameez Raja Kaleri1,5*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri1, Ahmed Nawaz Khosa2, Raza Ali Mangi3, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4 Mushtaq Ahmed Jalbani1, Irfan Ali Sahto1 and Muhammad Ismail1
...tage and boneless weight significantly higher (P≤0.0) in Balochi sheep breed followed by Bibrik, Rakhshani and Harnai sheep breed. The result for thoracolumbar vertebrae variation were 20, 18, 18 and 19, Balochi, Rakhshani, Harnai and Bibrik, respectively. It is concluded that Balochi sheep breed carcass traits are better expressed and produce more meat as compared with other sheep breeds whereas, thoracolumbar vertebrae number is positively associated with...

Nageen Iqbal1,2*, Abdul Mateen2, Laiba Shafique1,*, Huma Naz3, Saif ur Rehman4, Nouman Nazir2 and Qingyou Liu4

...at there was observed no significant differences in carbohydrates and moisture content of fish was observed. Bone meal could replace fish meal as an acceptable protein source to promote growth of L. rohita without any negative effects on growth and body composition.

...
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1, Muhammad Afzal1, Liu Yu Feng2
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Hina Safdar3, Arif Mehmood1, Shahid Iqbal4 and Muhammad Adnan1
...al formulations showed a significant toxicity of oil and extract formulations of neem (Azadirachta indica) causing 70–77% larval mortality in 72 h observation and exhibiting minimum medial lethal concentration (LC50) and time (LT50) values (i.e. 12.32 and 38.01 ppm and 16.67 and 11.68 days, respectively). Among microbial formulations tested, S. litura-nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki appeared as the most effective micr...

Yanhong Zhao, Bo Guo, Lin Fu, Biao Liu and Jing Xue*

... BMFC typing. There were significant differences in bone marrow flow cytometry immunogen level between T lymphocyte type and B lymphocyte type (P<0.05). CD3, BCL-2, CD7, TDT and CD34 were the dominant PI typing of T cell type. The expression rate of BCL-2 was 100.00% and that of CD3 was 91.67% (33/36), followed by TDT, CD7 and CD34. CD20, CD79a, BCL-6 and BCL-2 were the dominant PI typing of B-cell type. CD20 had the highest expression rate (100.00%), follo...

Youlin Fu1, Zhongming Yang1 and Chongrong Qiu2*

...star group. There was no significant difference in BK channel BK α protein expression between the two groups. The expression level of BK β protein in hypertension group of rats was markedly higher than that in Wistar group. The BK channel current and protein of CA smooth muscle cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats were significantly higher than those in normal rats, suggesting that the diastolic function of sm...

Majid Ali1*, Naila Chand1, Sarzamin Khan1, Shakoor Ahmad2 and Muhammad Tahir3

...days. The results showed significantly higher feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, broiler performance efficiency factor, and broiler farm economy index in the M50T50 diet group. Digestibility of ash, dry matter, ether extract, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extract were not affected except for crude protein which was significantly higher in the M50T50 diet group. Similarly, hematological parameters were not...

Xiaodong Lin*, Guangyao Wu and Fu Zhang

...he observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). β - defensin positive cells were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells and interstitial cells, with a small amount in the nucleus. The expression of SIgA was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). SIgA positive cells were primarily expressed in epithelial cells...

Li Min1, Yong Chen2, Shunying Wu3, Xuefei Zheng1 and Mucheng Xu1*

...activity in group B were significantly higher than those in group D. The protein expression of OCN and ALP in group B was significantly higher than that in group A. ALP protein expression in group D was significantly higher than that in group C. The protein expression of OCN and ALP in group B was significantly higher than that in group D. It is conclude...

Sri Purwanti1*, Wempie Pakiding1, Marhamah Nadir1, Nurhayu2, Kusumandari Indah Prahesti1, Sitti Nurani Sirajuddin1, Jasmal Ahmari Syamsu1,4, Andi Mushawwir3 

...ed fatty acid) was found significantlyr (p<0.05) better in R0 compared to the R1 and R2 groups. These results suggested that inclusion of maggot, indigofera and turmeric in the diet of local chickens may affect the lipid regulation and cardiovascular biomarkers.
 

...

Hadi Awad Hassooni1, Safaa Sabbar Atiyah2*, Alaa Saleh Jassim1 

... Results obzerved highly significant differences (P≤0.01) between the genetic variants. The study also found significant differences (P≤0.05) between the genetic polymorphisms 180/170 and 190/181 in the California mastitis test. However, no statistically significant differences noticed in the genetic polymorphisms related to fat, protein, lactose, and solid non-fat in milk elements, ...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Sarzamin khan1, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Abubakar Sufyan2 and Muhammad Ayaz3

... feed. The result showed significantly higher digestibility of crude protein (CP) in the T1 group and crude fat in the T1 and T2 groups while the digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude fiber (CF), and ash were not effected (P>0.05). Digesta viscosity and feces consistency were not effaced (P>0.05) but duodenum, jejunum, and ileum villus width, height, crypt depth, and surface area were recorded higher (P<0.05) in the T2 diet group. It is concluded th...

Mohamed A. Abu El-Hamd1*, Abd El-Salam M. Metwally2, Mohamed I. Bassiouni2, Mohamed M. Hegazy2, Mohamed A. El-Gendy1 and Mohammed A. El-Magd3

...M and NFE digestion were significantly larger in G5 and G4 compared to other groups. Cows supplemented with OTM and/or ITM showed significantly higher average daily milk, 4% fat corrected milk yield, and fat % than the control group. Protein % and total solid % significantly increased in G5 than in G1. The interval from calving to estrus was shorter in G5 than in other groups. G4 and G5 ha...

 

Chika Bright Ikele1*, Ugwu Venita Uju1, Chioma Faith Ikele2

...ion. The likelihood of a significant effect of duration of exposure on infective theront mortality resulting from the extracts was significant (Likelihood ratio [LR] χ2 = 973.95, p < 0.0001). The lethal concentration (LC50) estimates of bitter leaf ethanol and chloroform extracts were 0.137 g/ml (0.006 – 3.434) and 0.157 (0.004 – 6.099), re  

...

Majeed Ajafar1, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory1*, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2

...embryo age resulted in a significant superiority (P < 0.05) for groups G1, G4, and G5 regarding the hatching rate. The embryonic mortality rate was significantly reduced in groups G1 and G5. The percentage of pipped eggs and dead pipped chicks was significantly increased in the G2 and G3 groups, respectively. Chick activity increased significantly in ...

Viranga Kumudini Jayasundara¹*, Ali Khatibi², Jacqueline Tham²

...wed that RDO and VS were significant and positive predictors of SDP population management. This model can be used to better understand the insights of dog-keeping practices and behaviours of dog owners for planning and implementing cost-effective and sustainable SDP population management interventions in a area.
 
Keywords | Responsible dog ownership, Free-roaming dogs, Veterinary services, Abandonment
...

Habib Asshidiq Syah1, Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti1, I Putu Arya Girinata1, Ahmad Fahrudin Husen1, Rizki Prafitri1, Nurul Isnaini1, Nanang Febrianto1, Putri Utami1, Muhaimin Rifa’i2, Trinil Susilawati1*

...n NRR-1 values showed no significant difference (P>0.05) 77.00% vs 86.96%, NRR-2 values showed no significant difference (P>0.05) 62.00% vs 73.04%, and CR values showed no significant difference (P>0.05) 49.00% vs 46.09%, respectively. Although AI success based on NRR1, NRR2 and CR showed no significant difference (P>0.05), this study found t...

Marah Salim Hameed1, Raad Mahmood Hussein Al Zubaidi2, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy3*

... extract vs control). No significant variation was reported in total serum bilirubin between groups (ethanolic extract vs control, aqueous extract vs ethanolic group; aqueous extract, ethanolic vs control. No significant variation in serum ALT, AST, ALP were reported between groups. Ethanolic extract of Melia azedarach at 28mg/day dose has significant effects on serum cholesterol level and...

Katleho Lephuting, Lebelo Joyceline Selala, Kwena Mokoena, Thobela Louis Tyasi*

...y positive statistically significant correlation with BW (p < 0.01). Testicular measurement traits are positively correlated with each other (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that when the measured testicular measurement traits increase the BW of the Savanna breeding bucks also improves. Regression analysis findings revealed the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.81) was recorded on SC as compared with other testicular measurement traits. Regr...

Kingsley O. Omeje1, Juliet N. Ozioko2, Amaechi L. Ogara2, Benjamin O. Ezema2* and Dilibe C. Urama3

...ty lipoprotein, with non-significant increase (p>0.05) in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The extract did not show alteration in the liver function. Hence, prolonged consumption of the extract has not shown any sign of toxicity and may not predispose the animal to cardiovascular diseases.

...

Chun Shi*, Ziyu Cao, Mingyuan Yang and Meijing Zhai

...roup, low dose group are significantly increased (P<0.05). The results of WB confirm the expression of FAM209 (P<0.05). downregulated of FAM209, and PICK1protein may be involved in the development of rodent pest.

...

Quart ul Ain1, Arfan Ahmad1*, Aftab Ahmad Anjum1 and Mamoona Chaudhry2

...ce in viral load was non-significant (P<0.5) within the local vaccinated groups while significant (P>0.5) when compared local with imported vaccine and control groups. Post challenge infection, virus shedding started on 3rd day in group D while in all vaccinated groups it was (A: 730, B: 470 and D: 430 copies) on 4th day PCI and was maximum on 6 days PCI (A: 1940, B:1645 and D: 1550 copies) followed by decline. The she...

Safdar Abbas1, Jawaria Ali Khan1*, Syed Saleem Ahmed1 and Aftab Ahmed Anjum2

...(p<0.05). There was a significant (p<0.001) decrease in MCV (fl) and a significant (p<0.006) increase in TLC (1x103/cm3) on haematological analysis in BCoV-infected calves. TEC (1x106/cm3), WBC (1x106/cm3), RBC (1x106/cm3), and Hct% were significantly (p<0.05) higher. Similarly, infected calves had a non-significant (p<0.090) increase in K...

Abdul Rahman Sesay1,2, Muhammad Saif-ur-Rehman1*, Faisal Ramzan1 and Faisal Saeed Awan3

...ed of dairy cattle holds significant importance in Pakistan, mostly attributed to its ability to withstand high temperatures, resilience to diseases, and satisfactory performance when fed low-quality roughages. Domestication and breeding of mammals have exerted a consistent selection pressure on a wide range of characteristics in many domesticated species, resulting in discernible genetic modifications at the individual genome level. The study aimed to discove...

Zeinab A. El-Moaty1,2*, Hoda Ahmed1,3, Wafaa Sorour4,5 and Tarfa H. Alsheddi6

...at its concentration was significantly higher in the cement site. In addition, six mean differences of MHs out of seven were proven highly significant in plants and insects collected from the cement site. Mg level was the same in plants and insects collected from the two inspected sites. The concentrations of different MHs were higher in beetles than soil and plant. Only, the concentration of Zn in plant (163.59 µg/g) ...
Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Abubakar Sufyan2 and Hammad Ullah3
...esults indicated overall significantly lower egg shell thickness in the control group while all other overall internal and external egg quality parameters were not affected (P>0.05). It is concluded that the replacement of soybean meal in the diet of laying hens by 3 and 9%SH in combination with enzyme (β-Mannanase) at the level of 20 and 30mg/kg feed has a positive effect on the egg quality parameters during early peak egg production period in the lay...
Mubashar Hussain1,2*, Hifza Liaqat1, Muhammad Faheem Malik1
Kiran Aftab1, Moazama Batool3, Razia Iqbal1 and Somia Liaqat1
...milarity. Results showed significant differences between Vatala - Deva with higher Shannon value in Vatala (H’ = 4.03) than Deva (H’ = 3.92), Deva-Barmala with higher Shannon index in Barmala (H’ = 4.05) than Deva (H’ = 3.92) and Vatala-Barmala have a higher average value of Shannon diversity in Barmala (H’ = 4.05) than Vatala (H’ = 4.03). DVNP offers habitat and plentiful resources for the insect pollinator assemblages of f...

Wei Li1, Xvming Qi2, Xueli Lu3, Li Yuan4 and Huaiqing Deng1*

...n;2.4 days. There was no significant difference in progesterone levels between individuals of different age and sex classes, no significant periodicity in the change of testosterone in the feces samples of Hainan gibbon group C, and no significant difference in the level of testosterone between individuals of the same sex and age. However, there was a significant

Asad Sultan1, Ziaul Islam2*, Faiza Shahzadi3, Sarzamin Khan1, Rafiullah Khan1 and Ihsan Ali4

... received yucca showed a significant decrease in litter nitrogen content when compared to the non-supplemented group. The chicks that received liquid Y. schidigera had reduced total bacterial counts (p<0.05), Escherichia coli, and a non-significant increase in the number of lactic acid-producing bacteria. They also showed increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased levels of lipid peroxidation biomarkers, with...

Basheer Ahmad, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*

..., when well-managed, can significantly enhance agriculture and mitigate wood shortages. Despite concentrated efforts to familiarize and encourage innovative agri-forestry practices in Pakistan, the achievement of such initiatives is influenced by various factors. This paper examines the current limitations to agri forestry promotion in the country, which include attitudes of extension staff, weak coordination between research and extension, insufficiently trai...

Sumaira Fiaz1*, Huma Naz1*, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Iqra Zulfiqar1, Khalid Mehmood1, Muhammad Jabbar1, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Usman4

...r 60-days. Result showed significant decrease in daily weight gain, daily length gain, condition factor, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio of Cd-treated fish as compared to control fish. In liver, the diameter of hepatocytes was significantly lesser in Cd-treated fish in comparison with control fish. The width of sinusoids in Cd-treated fish was significantly greater in compar...

I Ketut Puja1*, I Nyoman Sulabda2, Ni Nyoman Trinayani3, Ni Wayan Patmawati3, Made Rahayu Kusumadewi3, Putu Bulan Sasmita Dewi3, I Wayan Sukernayasa4, Anak Agung Gede Oka Dharmayudha5, Putu Devi Jayanti5, I Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan5 

...ion in pregnant cows was significantly different from that of cows that were not pregnant. The results of research on Bali cows showed that the accuracy of the PAG test in diagnosing pregnancy was 100%. Therefore, it was concluded that the circulating concentration of PAG is a suitable marker for determining pregnancy in Bali cattle. However, in order to better manage the reproductive system of Bali cows, further research is needed to increase the prediction v...
Salman Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Basheer Ahmad1, Nowsherwan Zarif1* and Saif Ullah Khan1
...tices on farmers and the significant reasons for planting as well as the primary advantages obtained from agroforestry in order to comprehend the effects of agroforestry practices on farmers in Tehsil Thana, District Malakand, KP. A structured questionnaire was used to gather the necessary data from 40 respondents using a two-stage random sampling procedure. According to our findings, 72% of respondents are farmers, 20% work for the government, and 8% are labo...
Muhammad Umair1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
... farm to the market were significant factors in determining agroforestry adoption. In contrast, farmers who are older, less educated, and whose properties are located closer to markets were less likely to plant trees in between and on the border of the fields. Cultivators should be aware of the potential benefits that might be derived from agroforestry systems and should strive toward making the growth of these systems economically and environmentally. Furthe...
Ashar Farooq1 and Shakeel Ahmad2
...bilization measures have significant positive effect on vegetation parameters. The statistics show that the cover percent at Asrait, Niam, Kullaly and Dabargai sites was 55.5%. 51.4%, 41.4%, and 24.3% respectively. At Asrait site, 62.53% were planted species and 37.46% were indigenous; at Niam site, the planted species were 37.98% and 62% were indigenous; in Kullaly site, 63.4% were planted species and 36.57% were indigenous; in Dabargai site 91.25% were plant...
Basheer Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Salman Ahmad1, Nowsherwan Zarif1* and Saif Ullah Khan1
...elieve that there are no significant types of damages in plantations, whereas 28% believe that damages have happened in plantations. In accordance with the survey, 38% of people do not engage in self-cultivation, 48% of people are tenants who work on other lands under a share cropping system, and 7% of people have their own land but have also purchased land from owners....
Muhammad Rayyan1, Basheer Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Saif Ullah1 Khan and Salman Ahmad1
... used, and total income, significantly impacted the planting of trees on agricultural land. For the promotion of national agroforestry, policies that improve forestry and agricultural extension services and agricultural education are imperative.
Keywords: Agroforestry, Farmers, Fuel wood, Household
...
Ashar Farooq1*, Mohammad Salim2, Muhammad Tahir Khan3, Zahid Rauf1, Ahmed Hussain2 and Muhammad Bilal Zia1
...m maximum was higher significantly (P< 0.05) followed by Panicum antidotale and Panicum coloratum. Dry matter (%) of Panicum antidotale was higher significantly (P< 0.05) than that of Panicum maximum and Panicum coloratum. The results of the study for comparison of clipping stages revealed that the fresh yield at Full Flowering stage was higher significant
Asad Abbas Khan1, Amina Batool2, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Ehtesham Asghar3, Abdul Ghafoor1 and Muhammad Arif1
Asad Abbas Khan1, Amina Batool2, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Ehtesham Asghar3, Abdul Ghafoor1 and Muhammad Arif1
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Hakim Shah
...nbred 206MKD. A positive significant (p<0.05) to highly significant (p<0.01) correlation was found between the female pupal body weight and fecundity. The correlation coefficient (r2) ranged from 0.728 to 0.957. A positive linear model was established between the female pupal body weight and fecundity. The coefficient of regression varies between 0.53 and 0.92, thus indicated a moderate-good fit of fecundity predi...
Ashar Farooq1; Farid Shah2; Saifullah Zahri2 and Samiullah Jaffar2
...luded that there was non-significant impact of browsing upon the nutrient concentration but there was a significant difference in plant cover, height and density at un-protected and protected sites....
Mazhar Iqbal, Ashar Farooq, Zulfiqar Ali Sheikh and Waseem Abbas
....30) of ANNOVA indicates significant difference among the mean infiltration values (P< 0.05) of Zone-I, Zone-II and Zone-III. Hence it can be inferred that the mean infiltration rate of Zone-III was higher than Zone-II and Zone-I.

Key Words: Chir, Robinia, infiltration rate, bulk density

...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir and Hakim Shah
... were also found to have significant variation in the value of basic density of wood. Further, the wood samples possessing maximum and the minimum growth rate, both had an intermediate value of basic density of wood. Likewise, the wood samples possessing the highest and lowest value of basic density, both were found to have a medium value of average annual ring width....
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Muhammad Waseem
...emperature showed highly significant (p<0.01) impact on species number. There was a positive linear correlation between increasing temperature and number of insect species, as well as between precipitation and species number.

Key words: Climate change, Temperature, Precipitation, Insect fauna, Lepidoptera, Insect species, Ayubia National Park, Pakistan

...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad1, Hakim Shah1, Nowshad Khan2 and Mohd Zaki Hamzah3
... activities indicated no significant differences (p=0.231) between program and no-program areas, nor between participants and non-participants (p=0.128), even though more forest trees were planted under PWSMP. The participants planted more trees than non-participants. The programs succeeded in getting significant involvement (p=0.000) of people in forest protection activities. These two accomplishments serve th...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...ed the species displayed significant habitat selection in relation to the availability. The species showed highly significant habitat selection for woody ravines, preferred northerly aspects and foraged in the morning and evening. The findings conformed generally to other studies on the species. ...
Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry1, Ashar Farooq2 and Ghulam Muhammad3
...sis of data revealed non-significant effect of tree rows on plant density in all the farms. Crop height was significantly affected up to 3.0 m distance from the base of tree rows on eastern and western aspects with north-south orientation while it was non-significantly affected on northern and southern aspects of East-west oriented tree rows. Crop yield was signifi...
Madiha Batool, Tariq Khan, Mazhar Iqbal and Anwar Ali
... technology adoption has significantly reduced the fuelwood consumption and hence pressure on the forests. Similarly, the technology has contributed significantly in improving the socio-economic condition of the households using this technology.

Key Words: Solar Water Heaters, Forest Conservations, Social and economic impacts, Fuel Wood

...
Sarfraz Hasan Dogar and Ashar Farooq
...ction in seeded area was significantly higher than in the unseeded area (P<0.01). The forage production was about 5 times more in seeded area as compared to un-seeded area. As a result of re-seeding, the carrying capacity has also been increased. This study clearly depicts that range re-seeding is an effective technique to enhance the forage production and carrying capacity of less producing range areas of Dera Ghazi Khan Rangelands....
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...he species showed highly significant preference for woody ravines, preferred northerly aspects and foraged in the morning and evening. The findings conformed generally to other studies on the species....
Muhammad Bilal Zia and Muhammad Tahir Laeeq
...he results showed highly significant differences in the tested traits among the four species. Paulownia catalpifolia was top ranking followed by Paulownia tomentosa. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were higher i.e. 23.43% and 24.36% for DBH. During the study of both years this trait also showed genetic consistency for these coefficients, broad sense heritability (0.93, 0.96) and genetic advance (2.62, 2.92). Based on these ...
Muhammad Tahir Laeeq and Muhammad Asif Aziz
...nd 8 days with urea gave significantly better survival as compared to those seedlings treated at an intervals 2 days. However, height growth of control seedlings was found significantly better than those of seedlings treated at intervals of 2, 4 and 6 days. In Terracottem study, the chemical did not show any positive effect on survival as well as height growth of the seedlings. In the experiment of four different soil mixtur...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...ed the species displayed significant habitat selection in relation to the availability. The species showed highly significant habitat and preferred mountain slopes highly significantly. The species preferred northerly aspects and foraged in the morning and evening to reduces stress heat. The findings conformed generally to other studies on the species. ...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan
...pon agriculture with non-significant water storage capacity to meet its agricultural needs. During the year 2003, the water storage capacity was 13.64 MAF of its three reservoirs (Tarbela, Mangla and Chashma) which is around 9% of total (154MAF) runoff water. Contrary to this India has 245 MAF storage capacities through 4636 reservoirs which is 33% of its total 750 MAF runoff water. Total water storage capacity throughout the world is 8000 MAF which is 40% of ...
Naveed Ahmed and Amjad Usman
...ll the insecticides were significantly effective in reducing the larval population of the pest as compared to the untreated check. Steward 150 EC (Indoxacarb) was found to the most effective insecticide with maximum % mortality of 96.167, 98.167 and 100.00 %, after 24 hours, 72 hours and one week respectively, closely followed by Tracer 240 SC, with 92.880, 97.003 and 100.00 % mortality while Proclaim 19 EC with 90.673, 97.643 and 100.00 % mortality and Match ...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Miskeen Ali
...he results showed highly significant (p<0.01) variation in all agronomic traits. Both direct and indirect interactions were found among the traits. The highest genetic coefficient of variation (GCV) was 48.18% in total shoot length (TSL), while the lowest GCV was 3.27% in number of branches per plant (NB). The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was 48.19% in TSL, and the lowest PCV was 4.01% in moisture content. The PCV was slightly greater than...
Muhammad Nawaz Rajpar and Mohamed Zakaria
...nd terrestrial birds are significant component of freshwater wetland ecosystem. The objectives of this study was to determine and compare the species composition and relative abundance of waterbirds and terrestrial birds using mist-netting method at Paya Indah Wetland Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 1,478 bird individuals that belong to 65 species (18 waterbirds and 47 terrestrial birds) and 33 families (6 waterbird families and 27 terrestrial bird fa...
Ashar Farooq, Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry and Ghulam Muhammad
...ement. Plant density was significantly affected on northern, eastern and western aspects up to 7 m distance from the base of tree rows while it was non-significantly affected on southern aspect. Crop height was significantly affected up to 7.0 m distance from the base of trees on northern and southern aspects while significant effect on eastern and weste...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Miskeen Ali
...he results showed highly significant (p<0.01) difference in rearing performance of inbred and hybrid breeds. Hybrid JL04xCL04 showed superior performance in the fecundity (596.50±4.03 eggs per female), larval body weight (3.55±0.07 g), pupation rate (94.80±1.23%), cocoon yield (14.85±0.22 kg per 10,000 larvae) and cocoon weight (1.42 ±0.03 g), while hybrid C02x05M was superior in the shell weight (0.37±0.01 g) and shell ratio (26....
Waqar Ahmad, Zahid Ali, Muhammad Rafique and Tariq Mahmood
... (DRC) and height was in-significant under partial shade and no shade treatments during the course of study. Fresh and dry weight of plant was adversely affected by partial shade. Similarly the root-shoot ratio was not found to be affected by partial and no shade treatments. It was statistically confirmed that the Albizia lebbeck should be raised under full sunlight for better results....
Tahir Laeeq1, Tariq Mahmood2 Mohammad Amin3 and Khurshid Alam4
...il moisture content were significantly higher on steep slope followed by medium and gentle slope. The variation in bulk density on varying slopes was non significant. It was concluded that presence of good vegetation cover (50-60 percent on slopes >60%, followed by 20-30 percent on both 30-60% & <30% slopes) on steep slope was responsible for high infiltration rates. The soil was intact too on resulting in less erosion and r...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim, Muhammad Shabbir Mughal and Imtiaz Hussain
...he treatments are highly significant at 95% and 99% level of confidence. LSD at 5% shows that all the treatments are highly significant among themselves while the T1 (Daughter) corm is highly significant. Furthermore, it is recommended that the cultivation of Colchicum luteum should be done by one year old corm i.e., Daughter corm....
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
... The results indicated a significant feedback mechanism among temperature, rainfall and evaporation. The temperature showed negative correlation with rainfall (r2 = 0.49) while positive correlation with evaporation (r2 = 0.78). The range of variation and coefficient of variation of temperature, rainfall, evaporation and wind showed a great volatility especially in the spring and autumn seasons. Present findings forecast a likely increase ...
Muhammad Hamayoon Khan, Abid Farid, Muhammad Naeem and Fazal Syed
.... Emergence time was non significantly different in all treatments of neem seed extract but was significantly different from Ripcard where the emergence time was 9.75 days. Longevity and sex ratio was also non significantly different in all treatments of neem seed extract....
Naveed Ahmed, Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi and Muhammad Hamayoon Khan
...ercent mortality was not significantly different among different concentrations of neem oil but was different significantly from control treatment....
Shad K. Khalil, John G. Mexal, Abdur Rehman, A. Z. Khan and Iftikhar Hussain Khalil
... the treatments produced significantly heavier seedlings. Early emerged seedlings resulted in heavier shoots and roots than late emerged seedlings.

Key word: PEG 8000, concentration, duration, stratification, biomass, eldarica pine.

...
Ghayyas Ahmad, Anwar Ali, Miskeen Ali and Irfan Akhtar
... significance there were significant differences between the three treatments as far as diameter growth was concerned. As regards the effect on height growth, no significant differences between the three treatments were observed. It is concluded that pruning of hybrid poplar may result in the production of good quality knot-free timber but it may reduce its volume considerably if the intensity of pruning is high....
Hasanuzzaman, Md., H. Mahmood, H.L. Sharif and Md. N. Islam
... of leached water showed significant (NAOVA, p<0.05) curvilinear relationship with leaching time. During the leaching process, 71%, 75% and 36% of initial concentration of P, K and Na in leaf litter were decreased, respectively after 24 hours and they showed significant (NAOVA, p<0.05) negative curvilinear relationship with the leaching time.

Keywords: Dalbergia sissoo, Leaching, Nutrients, Weight loss.

...
Ashaer Farooq, Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry and Ghulam Muhammad
...op. The crop density was significantly affected on northern, eastern and western aspect upto 3.0 m from the base of tree rows. There was non-significant affected of tree rows on southern aspect. Crop height was also significantly affected upto 3.0m distance from the base of trees on northern and western aspects while it was non-significant on eastern and...
Ghazala Yasmeen
...at rhizobium inoculation significantly increased the number of nodules, weight of nodules, plant height, weight of shoots and weight of pods per plant. The study reveals that rhizobial strain Thal 8 being more efficient as compared to TAL 620, can be used to increase root nodulation and yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)....
Nasar Iqbal and Naveed Anwar Virk
...re was statistically non-significant difference in respect of fruit drop at pea stage. The varieties regarding fruit set by selfing portrayed a sequence of V4, V6, V3, V5, V2, and V1 in descending order giving 2.25, 2.05, 0.60, 0.50, 0.37 and 0.22 %, respectively. Pollen viability by staining with acetocarmine showed that V6 had the highest number of viable pollens followed by V4 with 95 and 91.30 percent. Similarly pollen viability with iodine gave almost the...
Wali-ur-Rahman and Muhammad Khan
...rs are statistically non-significant therefore, 1 hour mating duration can be used for the maximum fecundity and the maximum fertility of eggs.

Key word: Mating duration, Fecundity, Fertility, Silkworm.

...
J. Kayode and P. O. Tedela
...tering treatments had no significant effects on these growth parameters in different soil samples. Both the soil type and the frequency of watering affected the number of nodules. The dry weight of nodules was affected by soil type but the soil type and the frequency of watering did not significantly affect the dry shoot and root weights.

Keywords: Irrigation frequency, Germination, Root and shoot yields, Leucaena l...

J. Kayode
...l. However, there was no significant difference in the heights of the seedlings from the three soil samples at 5% level. Nodulation occurs in seedlings growing in the three soil samples....
Muhammad Aftab Majeed
...to the environment cause significant soil and ground water pollution In situ enhanced bioremediation techniques are effective in remediation of MGPs particularly for contaminants such as the dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL), like coal tar The aim of this study was to assess the potential of in situ technologies in a laboratory column experiment. In situ amendments of nitrogen, phosphorus and oxygen releasing compound were performed on site Soil samples ...
Sardar M. Rafique and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
.... The results revealed a significant difference among the silkworm strains for ingestibility, ECI, ECD, AD and LBWG During spring season maximum and minimum ingestibility, ECI, ECD and AD were 69 08% (J-101, 5th instar), 34.93% (205-MKD, 5th instar), 54 4% (205-MKD, 5th instar), 56 48% (J-101, 4th instar) and 39.63% (207-PO, 4th instar), 18 86% (205-MKD, 4th instar), 23.85% (205-MKD, 4th instar), 43.86% (207-PO, 5th instar), respectively. Ingestibility, ECI an...
Sardar M. Rafique and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...lberry cultivation forms significantly influenced silkworm growth and cocoon characters Maximum (3 11g) per larva body weight gain, absolute body weight (3 06g) increment, daily body weight (0 23g) increment and growth rate (34 78%) was recorded on low cut while minimum body weight (1 86g) gain, absolute body weight (1 81g) increment, daily body weight (0 15g) increment, and growth rate (30 12%) on bush Similarly, the highest (1 14g) single cocoon weight, sing...
Sardar M. Rafique and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...H, overall mortality was significant (P0.05). 205-MKD strain was the most resistant while C-102 the least resistant with 4.0% and 10% mortality, respectively. However, difference among 205-MKD, J-99, J-101 and 208-PO was statistically non-significant. Overall mortality at higher temperature and relative humidity (30+1oC and 80+2% rH) was highly significant (P0.01). Mortality was...
Mohammad Anis and Farooq Ahmed Dar
...in the laboratory Highly significant differences were observed among the families, treatments and their interactions. The results suggest that in hormonal control of dormancy, gibbere Uric acid plays a primary role in regulation of germination.

Keywords: Cedrus deodara, germination, gibberellic acid.

...
Md. Aktar Hossain , Mohammad Kamaluddin and M. Serajuddoula
...n of etiolation does not significantly affect the rooting ability of cuttings of the species. During propagation, cutting morphology is not significantly changed due to the etiolation of the stockplants. ...
Mohit Gera, Neelu Gera and Farooq Ahmad Dar
... characteristics. Highly significant variations were observed among the genotypes for all the characters studied. The extent of variation observed for germination characters was large compared to other characters studied. Significant positive correlations were observed for seed weight and germination, pod size (length & width) and germination, number of seeds per pod and germination. The seed from families F7, F10, F13, F14 ...
Mohammad Zubair Sulemani* Mohammad Safdar Baloch** and Khalid Abdullah**
...n of all sevel crops was significantly and negatively affected due to the application of extracts as compared to tap water treatment. Highest adjusted reduction in germination (89.67%) was recorded in Sorghum followed by Taramira (85.36%), while maize was least affected (60%).

Keywords: Allelochemicals, kiker, Acacia nilotica, field crops, germination.

...
Amjad Ali Ch., Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Afzal and Muhammad Mushtaque
...hs was statistically non-significant....
Aman Ullah Bhatti, Shamsher Ali and Farmanullah Khan
...ineral N and soil P were significantly (P<0.01) lower under agro-forestry than under agricultural crops because eucalyptus is evergreen and shed little leaves and also utilize the soil nutrients. In the subsoil, soil pH, EC, soil P and K significantly differed between the two systems. Geostatistical analysis of data showed that EC and soil P were spatially distributed in the surface soil while only EC in subsoil under agro-f...
Altaf Hussain and Shams-ur-Rehman
...is of variance indicated significant differences for rooting between treatments (F = 9.3) and seasons (F = 18.2). The observations on average root length / cutting (cm), average number of roots/cutting and average number of secondary roots were non-significant. The highest average root length/cutting (8.90 cm) was attained in October whereas maximum average number of roots/cutting (2.90) and maximum average number of seconda...
M. Rahim Niazi, G. Habib and M.M. Siddiqui
...alochistan. Tree species significantly influenced ADF-P (P<0.001) and ISPD (P<0.001) of the leaves. ADF-P was higher (P<0.01) in wild than cultivated tree leaves (19.23% vs 9.01%). Conversely, ISPD was higher (P<0.001) in cultivated than wild tree leaves (54% vs 18%). A negative relationship between ADF-P in tree leaves may be done of the major factor limiting bio-availability of protein. It is concluded that in tree leaves crude protein is not a good indicato...
Abdul Ghaffoor, Kashif Waseem and Hafiz Sabir Ali
... / falsa. Pruning levels significantly affected the days taken to sprouting, flowering, fruit setting, number of branches/plant, length of branches, number of fruit clusters/plant and weight of clusters. Among different pruning intensities, 100 cm pruning gave the maximum number of clusters/plant (1771) and the highest yield/plant (18.41 kg). Various pruning dates significantly affected the days taken to sprouting, number of...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Muhammad Nawaz Rajpar
...e plant species provided significant protection against termites for three months in the field. D. alba and C. procera were the most effective against termites with 62.5% protection. While M. communis and L. camara with 18.5 and 18.75% protection, respectively were the least effective. Similarly, cold water extract of these plant species showed positive biological activity against D. lusca and P. obliquifasciella. Afte...
Raza-ul-Haq and Muhammad Tahir Laeeq
...on frequencies indicated significant differences on initial survival of seedlings. Plants showed better survival under mulching and irrigation thrice a month, while E. camaldulensis gave the best survival (1%) followed by A. altissima (6%) after 4% years of planting....
G.A. Bajwa and H. Gul
... and the mixture was non-significant. The three plant species inhibited growth of P. orichalcea by retarding larval body weight and prolonging larval period. The mortality was heavy....
Anwar Ali, Kamran Khan, Ayaz Khan Marwat, Sajid Aman and Irfan Ullah
...fferent species were not significantly different from each other. Maximum survival percentage (75%) was recorded for Acacia catechu followed by Zizyphus mauritiana (74%) and the lowest survival percentage (62%) was recorded for each Acacia ampliceps and Acacia victoriae in the final year 2020. The mean values of survival among the different species were not significantly different from each other....
Ayaz Khan Marwat, Kamran Khan, Anwar Ali, Sajid Aman and Irfan Ullah
...fferent species were not significantly different from each other. Maximum survival percentage (100%) were recorded for Acacia nilotica and Zizyphus mauritiana whereas the lowest survival percentage (19%) was recorded for Casuarina equisetifolia in the final year 2020. The mean values of survival among the different species were not significantly different from each other....
Naveed Ahmed and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...ll the insecticides were significantly effective in reducing the larval population of the pest as compared to the untreated check but DDVP gave best results (82.32%) in terms of reducing the pest population 14 days after treatment....
Siraj-ud-Din and Abdul Waheed Baloch
...vation techniques have a significant effect on survival and growth of plants as compared to conventional planting methods. Within the various water conservation techniques contour trenches and earthen moistures are more economical and are able to keep the period happy and vigorous for a longer period of time. Biological treatment to sand dune stabilization is the only permanent and everlasting solution to this problem.
...
Ayaz Khan Marwat, Anwar Ali and Saz Muhammad
...action of timber and non-significant reduction in carbon stock in the forests....
Anwar Ali, Muhammad Ayaz Khan and Ayaz Khan Marwat
...od was found to be a non-significant pool of carbon in the riverine forest ecosystems. Average organic soil carbon was estimated at 31.95/t. There is a potential of carbon sequestration upto 20 tCO2/ha/year in this highly fertile landscape. This can be achieved with sustainable forest management practices and effective policy measures. The study recommends to initiate reforestation programs on urgent basis and stop open grazing and illicit cutting for the reha...
Muhammad Muslim and Hafiz Muhammad Sufyan Babar
... and Bergenia ciliata is significantly higher on many areas. The study has suggested that protection from grazing, logging, firewood collection and plantation/reforestation may be a source of improvement of ground vegetation....
Anwar Ali, Muhmmad Ayaz, Saz Muhammad
...Reserved forests is also significantly higher than Guzara forests. A poor regeneration condition was recorded in the forest area of Kaghan. There were 332 plants per ha in the forest area. Reserved forests have significantly higher number of regeneration than Guzara Forests. It was astonishing to know that the highest number of regeneration was recorded for Fir which was 43%, followed by Kail as 27%, deodar 14%, Spruce 12% ...
Iqtidar Hussain and Adnan Noor Shah
...of each tested weed were significantly reduced compared to the treatment with water (control). Germination, root length (cm), shoot length (cm) and chlorophyll content of the weeds are adversely affected by the application of the extract instead of the control. These results indicate that the water extract of eucalyptus can be used as a biological inhibitor of weed control in our planting systems....
Abdul Samad Mumtaz, Mir Ajab Khan and Tanweer Akhtar
...is genus are potentially significant in species delimitation....
G. A. Bajwa and M. N. Ashiq
...mortality did not differ significantly among C-102, J-101 and 206-MKD. Viral grasserie resulted overall 16.65 6.95, 5.52 and 1.87 percent mortality in J-101, C-102, 206-MKD and 207-PO, respectively. There was non-significant difference of mortality between 206-MKD and C-102. White muscardine was not found in 5th instar larvae as well as in spinning larvae; however it caused maximum 2.99% mortality in J-101 during pupil stage...
Hanif Gul, G. A. Bajwa and G. N. Panhwar
...uced the pest population significantly over control with Mepra 50 EC most effective affording 2.4, 108 and 0.97 individuals of D. stebbingi per 225 cm2 bark area after 24, 48 and 72 hours of treatment, respectively. In the second experiment same five insecticides were sprayed on stems of Jacranda mymosipholia at the dose rates of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5% of active ingredients. All the test insecticides were sig...
Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi
...ent class A flakes were significantly superior to those of 100 percent class C. the properties of the panels produced from class B and C flakes were improved when they were mixed with 50 percent class A flakes....
Syed Zainul Arifeen and Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry
...diment concentration was significant and non significant at 5% level, respectively....
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Shams-u-din Jalbani
... seed germination was insignificant affected and better plant growth and height was observed in all treatments. The grain yield was higher and significant in doses of manure than control. It is concluded that Paulownia leaves manure shows positive effect on wheat and improves the grain yield of the crop. On account of this, Paulownia spp. are ideal for agro-forestry in Pakistan....
Shad K. Khalil and John G. Mexal
... mycorrhizas resulted in significant change in total dry matter or shoot-root allocation of dry matter. Net photosynthesis measured over time increased from morning then it declined to the minimum at mid-day, thereafter, net photosynthesis slightly increased towards the end of the day. Seedlings inoculated with Hebeloma crustuliniforme mycorrhizal fungi resulted in maximum net photosynthesis compared with seedlings either inoculated with Rhizopogon v...
Altaf Hussain
...growth results indicated significant differences between the nine provenances for height and diamter. Lehtrar provenance is the most vigorous amongst all the provenances. Provenances originated from Batrasi, Dadar and Ghoragali are the best in diameter and height growth under local climatic conditions at Pir Sohawa, Islamabad. ...
Altaf Hussain
...e-to-one segregation was significantly distorted. Single trees segregation for SKDH zones often was in accordance with the Mendelian expectation while for the other putative loci as well as pooled data, it deviated significantly from 1:1 segregation. In most cases segregation heterogeneity was significant for certain putative loci as well as for certain provenances....
Shad K. Khalil, J. G. Mexal and M. Ortiz
...d treatment up to 9 days significantly reduced days longer than 9 days was deleterious. ...
Fauzia Balqis Malik and Bashir Hussain Shah
...nvestigated. There is no significant inhibitory effect due to allelochemicals on various growth parameters including yield (weight and number of pods) of Phaseolus vulgaris. However, the growth of Pisum sativum was significantly reduced due to allelopathic effect of all the three Eucalyptus species, maximum being of the decayed leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora followed by Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus tere...
Mohammad Noor and Bashir Hussain Shah
...cia tortilis showed significantly higher growth than the other species. The airdried biomass of 65 kg/plant of Acacia albida was significantly greater than other tree species. Acacia victoriae gained minimum height, dbh growth, and produced minimum airdried biomass of 14 kg/tree. None of the other three tree species showed any significant difference in airdried bio...
G. A. Bajwa and H. Gul
...the two tree heights was significant (P< 0.05), while it was insignificant on southern side. Similarly, the overall damage on the four directions differed significantly. The highest (36.49%) and the lowest (31.88%) overall damage was recorded on western followed by eastern (34.96%, 31.81%), southern (30.93%, 29.67%) and northern (30.29%, 28.95%) sides....
Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry, Sahibzada Muhammad Hafeez and Muhammad Jahangir Ghauri
...eld phase were found non-significant. Economy in irrigation water and use of labour for irrigation without affecting the growth of plants was also worked out....
Mohammad Noor, Bashir Hussain Shah and Asad Lodhi
...on capacity (mm/hr) was significantly higher on grazed area than on off-road track while the average soil bulk density (gms/cm3) was higher on off-road track as compared with grazed area....
Muhammad Hafeez and Wahid Rasheed
...t was statistically non-significant. Similarly the tree size did not have any significant effect on crop height. Above-ground biomass was significantly affected by the distance from the trees. Acacia nilotica reduced wheat biomass yield by 51.69% and grain yield by 55.10% at 1 meter distance as compared to control. The reduction in biomass and grain yield was noted upto 11 me...
Mohammad Rafique and Mohammad Hafeez
...ch were statistically insignificant....
Hanif Gul, Nighat Mansoor Chaughtai and Rukhsana Kausar
...na has given a non- significant result against the pests even after 72 hours but results were significant after 96 hours upto 168 hours of treatment. The study showed that after treatment the fungus first established and then caused the mortality of Poecilocerus pictus within 2-3 days while in case of Brachutypes portentosus within 7 days. The fungal hyphae developed in the treated insect pests firs...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Hanif Gul
...he only parameter which significantly increased in response to Temik, while others were non-significant. Temik 10g at the dose of 3.2 g/plot increased 32.13 percent plant height over control....
Bashir Hussain Shah
...p cropping. There was no significant difference in water and sediment yield from the other two catchments treated with conservation benches with trees and grasses on slopes respectively. The crop, forage, and the biomass production of Ipil ipil data showed that maximum farm productivity is from the catchment treated with bench terraces. Ipil ipil on the risers of the terraces conservation benches ipil ipil was planted. In strip cropping Eucalyptus camaldule...
Shaukat Ali
.... Root weight increased significantly with 100 ppm of nitrogen while there was slight increase in nodulation. Frequent application of N resulted in increase in root weight while a reduction in the number of nodules was recorded. Phosphorus fertilization increased root weight but there was no effect on the number of nodules with phosphorus alone....
Bashir Hussain Shah and Mohammad Noor
...collected. There was no significant difference among the tree in survival. Acacia albida showed significantly greater growth in height dbh and biomass followed by Prosopis cineraria; Acacia modest and Tecoma undulate. Acacia albida produced 75 kg/plant air dry biomass and out yielded all the other multipurpose tree species tested in the experiment. Zizyphus mauritiana had minimum height dbh...
Raza-ul-Haq
... net photosynthesis, was significantly reduced (57 percent) for seedlings subjected to High light and the severest water stress. The light use efficiency of seedlings was greatest under Low light and moderate and severe water stresses. The results indicated that after two weeks transpiration and stomatal conductance were significantly reduced by High light and high water stress treatment; while the needle water potential of ...
Raza-ul-Haq
...3 and 12 month old) was significantly affected by age while the effect of cover and fencing was least....
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
...y had greater, but not significantly greater, tiller and leaf development and shoot biomass than Cymbopogon jwarancusa seedlings. Chrysopogon aucheri seedlings had greater total numbers, total lengths, and biomass of primary, seminal, and adventitious roots than Cymbopogon jwarancusa seedlings. Both species showed evidence of sub-coleoptile internode elongation and sub-coleoptile internode root development characteristic of...
Muhammad Arif Chaudhry and Altaf Hussain
...%, 0615%) caused highly significant reductions in plant height in A. ampliceps, A. lebbek, L. leucocephala and A. nilotica in a decreasing order....
Inayat Ahmad Hafiz
... of PFI-1 and PFI-2 was significant on economic cocoon characters of the variety. The chemical analysis of these varieties showed that protein contents of PFI-1 and PFI-2 were higher then in Japanese hybrid and Karyansuban varieties and hence gave better cocoon shell ratio. The cocoon quality did not show much difference and the percentage of good quality cocoons was 89.5....
Muhammad Tahir Laeeq
... seed germination and PV significantly and all the three seed lots were found significantly different from each other. Moisture content of seeds continuously increased with increasing AA time Lot A had the highest vigor followed by lot B, while lot C was the lowest in vigor....
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
... All test materials gave significant control over control with maximum by Dhatoora (90%) followed by neem (73.3%), Calotropis (66.7%), Bakian (60%) and control (13.3%)....
Raza-ul-Haq
...(3-24 month old) is not significantly affected by shade which is however highly co-related to seedling age. Significant growth was observed even under reduced PAR (2-4% of the open) showing the extreme shade-tolerant nature of the species. Age of the planting stocks therefore, plays an important role in the initial survival, establishment and growth of the seedling in natural forests....
Rash Khan and Faridullah Khan
...e first growth year. No significant difference was observed in the growth during the 2nd and 3rd years in both the treatments. The plant height and fresh yield of the covered crop during the first year was high as compared to that uncovered crop due to high temperature under the polyethytene sheet It is also brought about early germination, whereas the low temperatures delayed the germination by70 days....
Bashir Hussain Shah, Altaf Hussain and Raja M. Omer
... and bare soil differed significantly although other physical characteristics were not significantly different....
Fazal Said Khan
.... The study also showed significant differences of tree growing among owner ship categories at tehsil as well as district level....
Mohammad Noor
...otype (269) had produced significantly more air-dried forage (4726 kg/ha) and was one of the best among all ecotypes. The ecotypes from Australia (426) USA (235) and Pakistan (229) produced higher (p< 0.05) quantity of air -dried for age compared with other ecotypes except No.269, but did not differ significantly among themselves. The average number of established plants of the ecotypes from India (269), Australia (426) USA ...
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...rate of 150:30:30 kg/ha significantly increased the yield of green herb as compared to other doses.The mint oil content are comparable with the main producing countries like Japan, India and China. Pilot-scale cultivation of Japanese mint in the irrigated areas is recommended to the farmers for growing as specialized crop....
Mohammad Noor, Mohammad Khan and Gul Nabi
...nd trees/shrubs were not significantly different in the exclosed and adjacent grazed areas. The higher ( P = 0, 05) forage production and composition of Aristida depressa in the grazed area showed that this species increased under continued grazing. Frequency of grasses, forbs and trees/shrubs was not affected by the exclusion of livestock. The data indicate that direct manipulations In semi-arid environment are essential for rapid improvement of overgr...
Wahid Rashid and Mohammad Hafeez
...ct was statistically non-significant. On the other hand both the biomass and grain yield was significantly affected up to a distance of 8.5 meters....
Farrukh Hussain and Ihsan Ilahi
... up to 12 months had no significant effect on germination. The seeds germinated better at pH 5-7. ...
Mohammad Noor
... the ANSWERS model were significantly higher (P = 0.05) for the grazed areas then for the un-grazed areas. Evidence indicated that livestock grazing in the sheep Creek riparian zone reduced inltration, which, in turn, increased runo and soil loss but of minimal biological importance....
*Moinuddin Ahmad, **Ehsan Elahi Nagi and **Eugene Liang Min Wang
...sity and basal area were significantly correlated (r =.35, P< .05). Density of female trees was higher than male. Healthy trees produced only 21% of heavy (embryonic) seeds. Healthy trees produced only 21% of heavy (embryonic) seeds. Trees were slow growing (18 years/cm radial growth rate). Leaves and soil analysis were also performed. Sandy clay loam with a calcareous nature was the dominant soil of the area. No correlation was observed between tree de...
P. H. Haydock Wilson and A. R. Beg
...he difference to be non-significant. Mycorrhixal growth intensity on the seedling roots was also assessed at different depths in the soil in each sample plot and an attempt was made to correlate this with soil phenol concentration. Results were inconclusive and lend no support to the hypothesis positing allelopathic suppression of mycorrhiza by phenols secreted by Imperata. No recommendations for management are made, as the problem of Impera...
Mian Muhammad Muslim
...age industry, capable of significant contribution towards easing the employment problems and improving the socio-economic of the rural masses. The export of silk can also be an excellent source of foreign exchange earning due to its enormous demand world over.

Sericulture was introduced in Taxila locality of Punjab immediately after independence in 1947. Subsequently, it was introduced in and around the irrigated forest plantation where mulberry was a...

K. M. Siddiqui
... that, over the years, a significant part of the country's requirement of timber and wood products had to be imported. At the same time, the pressure on the indigenous forest resources continued to rise, increasing the demand for timber and pushing up its price steeply. Until early seventies, the forests in Pakistan were harvested by private contractors, who became heavily involved in malpractices, and institution of private contracts came into s...
Muhammad Hanif and Bashir Hussain Shah
...y these values were not significantly different from each other. On the other hand, in all land uses, permeability, moisture holding capacity and porosity values were higher for surface soil than those below 0.3 meter depth but these differences were only significantly less at the surface than that below 0.3 meter depth of soil. ...
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...d that yield of rhizomes significantly increased with the increase in duration of time. The yield was optimum after 6 years growth period followed by progressive decline in yield of rhizomes harvested after 8th and 10th years of growth. Monsoon planting provided more number sprouts and higher yield of rhizomes as compared to fall planting. Application of NP fertilizer at 135 kg N and 65kg P/ha basal dose gave higher yield as compared to control. ...
M. B. Bhatti, M. I. Sultani, M. Aslam and Ehtesham Ali Syed
... (Lam.) de Wit yielded a significantly higher amount of great matter of 64.83 tons per hectare when grown at a close spacing of 0.3 m x 0.76 m producing 48.66% more fodder than at the wider spacing of 0.3 x 1.5 m. While the per plant height differed significantly, plants being taller under closer spacing, the variations in per-plant fresh weight were found insignificant....
Bashir Mohammad Khan and M. Ismail Chaudhry
... N.W.F.P. The fumigants significantly reduced the number of sick bees and showed gradual increase in assumption of normal routine foraging than in the control where the colony population quickly dwindled resulting in complete collapse. Folbex strip fumigation proved comparatively economical and more effective. Perizin was better than Frow mixtures....
Jehandar Shah and Zakaullah
...i>et al., 1987) have significantly contributed to the record of rust fungi from Pakistan. The present paper adds four more fungi to the list as occurring either for the first time or recorded on new hosts. The hosts include horticultural and medicinal plants....
Hanif Gul, M.I. Chaudhry M. Farooq and Rahmatullah Jan
...a Lindl there was no significant difference in extractives and check (no treatments)....
S. Rehman, A. Hussain and S. Ameen
... in the nursery gave significant differences among sources indicating the possibilities of selection of best seed sources for afforestation in Pakistan. Further scope of improvement of these species is discussed....
Ghulam Sarwar Khan
... 7to 15 KR doses showed significant increase in tillering, plant height, fresh and dry matter yield. Flowering was earlier in 5 to 15 KR and delayed for other doses. Germination was not much affected. Pollen fertility gradually decreased with the increase in radiation dosage....
F. O. C. Nwonwu
...ng and soil mix are both significant at the 1% level with LSD (0.01) of 6.9 cm and 5.5cm respectively. However height gains for soil mixes A and C were higher then the Viterra treated soil mix B. Result on the water retaining ability of Viterra showed that the plan in Viterra treated mix continued normal growth for over 8 days while the plant in the untreated mix died 6 days after watering was stopped. The results show that Viterra 2 does not aid the growth of...
M. Ayaz
...his increase was highly significant. Improved tools reduced the physical workload in the workers highly significantly as shown by their lower average total pulse by 9 beats/min. These results indicate that introduction of improved tools and vocational training of forest workers are very essential for higher labor productivity and improvement of socio-economic condition of forest workers in Pakistan....
Zakaullah, Jehan Ara and Abdul Jabbar
...adiq and Shah 1986) have significantly contributed to the records of fungi and their hosts occurring in different regions of the country. The present article describes the fungi comprising 3 Classes: Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Fungi Imperfect with information on habitat, locality and date of collection etc. Five types of diseases, i.e., powdery mildews, rusts, needle blight, leaf spot and root rot were found incited by the fungi on previously unrep...
S. Hasan Abbas and M. Hanif
...The reduction was highly significant....
Shams-ur-Rehman and Altaf Hussain
...Tested at Peshawar gave significant differences among geographic areas. The broad-sense heritability at 6-year-age for diameter was 0.83 indicating that the trait is heritable. Further possibilities of selection and genetic improvement in the species are discussed in irrigated plantations of Pakistan. ...
K.M. Siddiqui, M.I. Sheikh and S. Rehman
...ation of hormone had no significant effect on rooting. The narrow and broad-sense heritability was low emphasizing the importance of uniform site conditions and inclusion of a large number of progenies and clones in test plantations. These investigations suggest that a suitable breeding strategy would further bring about genetic improvement in Populus ciliata....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and B. H. Bangash
...ent combination did not significantly influence the height and diameter growth of the trees. Likewise, fertilization did not significantly affect the foliar contents of P or K except N which changed with the rates of fertilizer applied....
Mohammad Iqbal Sheikh
... the dose of water was insignificant. However, clones between themselves showed different rates of growth; significant at 1%level for dia and height and at 5%for volume; 1-69/55 showing the overall best performance followed by 1-4/64, 1-90/60 showed the poorest growth....
M. I. Sultani, Muhammad Banaras Bhatti, Sartaj and Anjum Amin
... matter yield was found significantly higher in monoculture pure form as compared to the other treatments throughout the growing period. Legume in the pure form as well as in mixture significantly increased the total soil nitrogen in soil. The increase in crude protein contents was associated with the increase of legume in the grass legume mixture. Similarly increased of crude fiber was found with higher proportion o...
Ioryisa Verinumbe
...nd quality, there was no significant variation between the ply-woods tested (p>0.05). ...
M. I. Shiekh, S. H. Bangash and S. Hasan Abbas
... recorded in 1981 gave a significant response to NPK combined treatment whereas over all diameter and height growth from 1979--82was not affected. Also the diameter and height measurement recorded at Authmuqam during 1981and 1982 did not show any significant response to the application of fertilizers. However the height increments for the period 1979-82 were found significantly affe...
Mohammad Noor
...r (Kenwell) yielded significantly more air-dried forage (2139 kg/ ha) while in May, 1979 Medicago sativa (Viuta) produced significantly more air-dried forage (1516 kg/ha) as compared with other forage species. The two ecotypes of Festuca elatior did not show any significant difference in the air-dried forage production between themselves. Phalaris tuberose p...
M.I. Sheikh
... tree (East and West) is significantly more when the tree is worked simultaneously on two faces (East plus West). It has also been found that western faces of the trees yield more gum as compared to eastern faces....
M. I. Shiekh and S. H. Bangash
...sults did not reveal any significant differences in plant height and diameter. However, the nutrient uptake by the leaves of treated plants during the first vegetative growth period increased significantly....
M.I. Sheikh and Raza-ul-Haq
...o the trees has a highly significant effect on diameter, and height growth. Spacings had also highly significant effect on volume production; highest volume under 1.8 x 1.8 m spacing and the least under 5.5 x 5.5 m....
M.I. Sheikh, Afzal Cheema and Raza-ul-Haq
...t these distances is non significant. ...
M.I. Sheikh, Bashir Hussain Shah and Abdul Aleem
...ts, plastic aprons were significantly effective in improving the growth rate of both the species; stone pitching and grass mulch had rather negative effect on growth. ...
Mohammad Noor
...incarnatum produced significantly more air dried forage (2200 kg/ha and 2160 kg/ha) as compared with Trifolium pratense,(1007 kg/ha). There was no significant difference in forage production between Trifolium hybridum and Trifolium incarmatum. None of clovers showed any significant difference in the number of established plants...
M.I. Sheikh and S. H. Bangash
...nd Azad Kashmir revealed significant difference in height and diameter growth in the younger crop. Also the foliar mineral composition of the young stands had significantly increased, while there was no such indication for the older plants. Higher dose of the fertilizers is recommended for future trials. ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Muhammad Rafique
...reatments were found non-significant. However, seedlings placed in open showed better growth and form....
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...lysis of variance snowed significant difference between the stands and t test gave significant difference between the shrubby and non shrubby stands. The herbaceous cover and total vegetation cover were found positively correlated and shrub cover negatively correlated with the soil depth. The shrubs and herbaceous vegetation occupied thin and deep soils respectively. ...
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...idges (2064g/m2) was not significantly different from that of the depressions (1951g/m2). This showed that the bulk of root system in short grass prairie ecosystem was close to the ground surface. ...
Adil Al-Kinany
...concentration of 200 ppm significantly enhanced the length of transplant roots, while P5 had no significant influence on all the characters observed. Similarly, CO2-gas exchange level of transplants was found to be of the same magnitude in different treatments....
Sarfaraz Hussain Bangash and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...eenzit nutrient solution significantly increases the height growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Juniperus excelsa and Pinus reoxburghii seedlings. However, there seems to be no positive response of the nutrient on diameter of species under study....
Mohammad Noor
...April 1978. There was no significant difference of forage production amongst the Medicago spp. and Vicia spp. Forage production of grasses was significantly more as compared to Medicago spp. and Vicia spp. However, Festuca arundinacea (70), Loium perenne (334) and Lolium multiflorum (191) did not show any significant difference in forage pr...
K.M. Siddiqui and Mohammad Pervez
...ty of blue pine seed is significantly reduced within short period if it is stored at high temperature. Seed stored in dry cold or stratified condition retains its viability and maximum terminations per cant as well as speed of germination are obtained if the seed is stratified for 120 days. Insecticidal treatment of seed in storage adversely affects its germination. Large differences were also noticed between different seed sources of blue pine in res...
Sarfaraz Hussain Bangash and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
... as compared to control, significant at 1% level. However, none of the fertilizers affected the crude protein content of the leaves....
Adil Al-Kinany
...ixture with NAA, highly significantly increased the survival percentage of the rooted cuttings of Populus alba, while IBA up to 200 ppm had a significant effect in terms of increasing the number of branches and leaves, and fresh and dry weight of stems as well as roots. The experimental results of Populus tremula cuttings indicated that there are bright prospects of boosting their rooting and survival p...
G. M. Khattak and Ashiq Ahmad
...e influenced germination significantly: Maximum germination was obtained from Nala and Chanian seed sources and minimum from Kalabagh and Kuzagali. ...
Mohammad Amjad and Iqbal Mohammad
... of badminton rackets, insignificant. The increase in prices of raw material and wage rates of the workers has raised production costs and undermined the competitive power of the industry. High quality mulberry and willow timber is in short supply. The industry can be assisted by increasing the availability of quality timber at reasonable prices and providing subsidy on exports....
Abdul Aleem and M. Noor
.... Final harvest produced significantly more forage as compared to monthly and bimonthly (Napier hybrid bajra) and 1-1/2 monthly and bimonthly (Vicia sativa) harvests (0.05 levels). Highly significant (0.01) results were obtained in case of fortnightly (Napier hybrid bajra) and monthly (Vicea sativa) harvests as compared to final harvests....
Mohammad Noor
... sibbaldia increased significantly inside whereas Poa alpina was more outside the exclosure. The later reacted as increaser in the area open to grazing. Agrostis gigantea and Potentilla sibbaldia reacted as decreasers in the grazed area. The frequency of grasses and fobs was not affected....
Anwar Ahmad Khan, Shakeel Haider Zaidi and Zainul Arifeen
...d revealed that there is significant increase in the weight of rhizomes with increase in the duration of time (number year). Soil working and application of NP135 kg per hectare gave higher yield as compared to control. Interim result based on the yield of three years, 1975, 1d976 and 1977 are presented in this paper. The experiment would continue for further period of two years. ...
Mohammad Noor
... Vicia sativa was significantly greater in October 1977, compared to other species. The difference in the number of plants of species established did not show any significance. ...
Anwar Ahmad Khan, Munawar Sultana and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...nths storage period gave significantly high (at 5%level) sprouting as compared to one month storage. Planting of full size rhizomes were tested against rhizome pieces (5, 7.5 and 10 cm). though full rhizomes gave significantly higher sprouts, planting 5 cm pieces with one or two buds each would give a higher total number of plants. At Dungagali July planting gave significantly higher sprou...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...nd 5.5x5.5 m) are highly significant at 1% level as compared to closer ones (3.7x3.7 m and 1.9x1.9 m). As regards height, the closet spacing has an edge over the rest. ...
S. Rehman
...eatments increased yield significantly. Three and two rows were superior to one. Soil moisture in the 0-6 inch layer in plots protected by the belts was consistently higher than in the unprotected plots. ...
Zakaullah and Khial Badshah
...ger; the incidence being significantly lower in trees below 30cm diameter and ten meter height, corresponding to the age of about 180years....
Mohammad Ayaz
...sh, Elm and Mulberry had significantly more rays per unit area in the sample with wider growth rings than in the sample with narrow growth rings. The rays in bakain samples with wider rings had more cells and cell size was larger, both along their height and width; in elm , cell size was significantly higher but not cell number. No significant relationship was found between rate of growth ...
Abdul Aleem and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ekly or fortnight has no significant effect ...
M.I. Sheikh, Abdul Aleem and Mohammad Hafiz
...ults indicate:
1. Insignificant survival of plants.
2. Better rate of growth with aprons.
3. Significant effect on height by the material and colour of aprons.
4. Light resistant type of plastic was mere durable....
Mohammad Hafeez
...ults indicate:
1. Insignificant survival of plants.
2. Better rate of growth with aprons.
3. Significant effect on height by the material and colour of aprons.
4. Light resistant type plastic was more durable. ...

Ali Mohammed Obayes*, Zaid Salah Hussein 

...te of 2.5 %. However, no significant variations (p <0.05) in glanders seropositivity were observed between different sex or age groups. These findings highlight alarming seropositivity in equines and warrant future investigations on the prevalence of active infection. 

...

Helal F. Al-Harthi1*, Essam H. Eldrehmy1,2, Afaf Eladl3, Marwa I Abd El-Hamid2*

...reus (MRSA) has become a significant threat worldwide. Thus, the current work was designed to elucidate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of S. aureus among meat and meat products’ samples in Egypt and to determine the virulence genes profiles of MDR biofilm-producing MRSA isolates. A total of 150 samples were obtained from bovine meat (n= 30) and meat products (n= 120) samples in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Conventional identifica...

Anup Sarker1, Dibyendu Biswas1, Md. Fakruzzaman2, Gautam Kumar Deb3, S.M. Jahangir Hossain4, Md. Ashadul Alam2, M.A.M. Yahia Khandoker5, Ashit Kumar Paul1*

...the pregnancy rate had a significant (P<0.05) result on parity, reproductive health, and previous records of calving difficulties. It could be concluded that the use of a penis-like device helps to raise the rate of pregnancy of cows subsequent to AI. However, the PLD must be modified to make the device more convenient and useful in buffalo cows. In further study, it is suggested to modify the device with the clitoral massage.
 

Sony Eka Nugraha1*, Marianne Marianne2, Rony Abdi Syahputra2, Aji Najihudin3, Nikmatul Ikhrom Eka Jayani4, Shaum Shiyan5, Nabila Nabila6,7

... and 200 mg/kg BW showed significant improvement in the hematology profile from that of the heparin control (p < 0.05). In particular, doses of 200 mg/kg BW have the best potential for the development of anti-thrombocytopenic agents. Furthermore, an in silico study found that the main compound of C. papaya interacts with multiple amino acid residues, indicating stable binding affinity. Finally, it can be concluded that C. papaya has potential as an anti-thr...

Fatima Aziz Mahdi Al-Badry

...ma administration led to significant increase (P≤0.05) in urea and creatinine concentrations with significant decrease (P≤0.05) in ALT, AST and ALP these changes in functions of kidney and liver enzymes were elevated by increasing consumption of Puma (super fat). Histological sections of studied organs were manifested lesions in tissues by receiving of puma, it involved many histopathological changes (mild, middle and ...

Kremlin Mark B. Ampode

... OLM. OLM demonstrated a significant positive impact on growth performance (P < 0.05), with birds in the 3% OLM group achieving the highest live weight (1185.40 grams) and average daily gain (38.01 grams) by day 28. Notably, no significant differences were observed in feed conversion ratio, and groups with 3% and 5% OLM supplementation displayed no mortality. Additionally, OLM did not induce gut inflammation or the presen...

Ari Firmansyah1, Lovita Adriani1*, Andi Mushawwir1, Novi Mayasari1, Denny Rusmana1, Safri Ishmayana2

...tic yogurt resulted in a significant effect in reducing yolk cholesterol levels in 42- and 44-week-old hens and reducing yolk fat and triglyceride levels in 44-week-old hens (p < 0.05).
 
Keywords | Laying hens, Yolk, Probiotic, Yogurt, Lipid, Metabolism
...

Danh Mo

...and dry matter (DM) rose significantly (P<0.05) when harvesting at times from 3, 5, 7 to 9 weeks following planting and regeneration. With a yield of 22.4 tons/ha/year, the harvest period of 9 weeks had the best yield. Wedelia tends to lose nutritive value (P<0.05) when harvesting time increases (crude protein, CP 10.4-18.8% DM and acid detergent fiber, ADF 20.1-33.5% DM). Significantly (P<0.05) lower in CP and high...

Amal Mohammed Ali Alah Al-Marmadhi*, Saadeya Ali lefelef Al-Gnami

...ys. The results showed a significant increase in thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)) and iodine levels in T1 as compared with control group while decreasing these parameters in T2, T3 and T4 as compared with T1. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) decrease in T1 while increase in T2,T3 and T4. The histopathological changes in thyroid gland showed normal thyroid tissue in control group whereas, in T1 thyroid tissue showed normal with dilat...

Ahsan Abbas Abro1, Imrana Khushk1, Abdul Nabi Jatt2, Chaudhary Haider Ali3, Abdul Sattar Qureshi1*, Farah Naz Talpur4, Safia Bano1

... These findings could be significant advancement in biodiesel production from its commercialization prospects.  
 
Novelty Statement | Utilization of onsite produced lipase from locally isolated strain to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil.
...

Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari

...SS (v.22), statistically significant correlations between open and closed windows of indoor CO2 levels have been found. Every micro environment’s lowest and highest air exchange rate per hour (ACH) was evaluated, and its effects on asthma were noted. Elevated symptoms of asthma have been linked to low ventilation rates. The findings indicated that the ambient air’s CO2 concentration above regulatory limits set by NEQS (National Environmental Qualit...

Abdul Aleem Memon1*, Inayatullah Rajpar2, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2, Javaid Ahmed Shah3 and Saima Kalsoom Babar2

...ncentration, seed yields significantly. Application of NoP and SoP raised the seed yield by 9.09% and 8.66% , respectively, over control. Oil content increased by 15% with NoP and 13% with SoP, over control, respectively. The significant Kft variations were also observed for most of the variables studied for field-grown sunflower plants. Among interaction of Kfs x Kft, seed and oil yields were obtained to be highest in T3 wh...

Rafiullah1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1*, Muhammad Ilyas Khan2, Anwar Ali3, Imtiaz Ali Shah1 and  Sohaib ul Hassan4

... parameters, there was a significant reduction in hemoglobin level and hematocrit values and a significant increase in total leukocyte count, whereas all other parameters were in the normal range. Microbiological results revealed sporulated bacilli indicative of Bacillus cereus, which is an important cause of food poisoning, causing diarrheal and emetic illness. Analysis of feed samples showed a higher level of Aflatoxin B1 ...

Mohammad Umar* and Gohar Ayub

...d their interactions had significant effects on growth, yield and quality parameters of broccoli. Broccoli plants irrigated early in the morning resulted in early curd formation (66.8), maximum plant height (45.21cm), leaves plant-1 (15.84), leaf weight (11.00 g), primary curd weight (340.94 g), secondary curd weight (189.50 g), primary curd diameter (8.60), secondary curd diameter (7.56cm), curds plant-1 (8.73), yield (8.03 t ha-1) and survival (92.67 %) than...

Kashif Shehzad* and Ikramul Haq

... field of specialization significantly influence expertise in crop management, while the impact of education is practically negligible. It is concluded that the expertise of EFS in crop management significantly improves agricultural productivity and promotes sustainable farming techniques by sharing knowledge and providing on-ground assistance to encourage farmers’ adoption of advanced crop management practices. To fur...
Javairia Mehboob1, Syeda Hafsa Ali1*, Fahima Ashraf Kasi1, Syeda Ayesha Ali2, Safa
Farooqi3, Muneeza Arbab4,
...P was highly
significant, followed by artichoke mediated AgNP and Alkanet AgNP. However, in contrast,
Artichoke mediated AgNP showed significant activity against plant fungal strains, followed
by Alkanet AgNP, and finally by Lavender mediated AgNPs. We concluded that the three
plants have versatile biochemical molecules responsible for wide range of AgNP and its
act...
Muhammad Naeem Korejo1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1 and Niaz
Ahmed Wahocho2
...tices caused
significant suppression of weeds and increased seed yield as compared to weedy check. The
application of sunflower extract @ 15 L ha-1 in combination with herbicides (atlantis @ 0.1 L
ha-1 + puma super @ 0.156 L ha-1) resulted in minimum weed parameters viz. density (52.0
m-2) and dry weight (99.0 g m-2) and produced maximum mungbean growth and yield traits
particularly seed yield (2404 k...
Muhammad Yahya1, Muhammad Ajmal Khan2, Fazle Subhan3, Ali Hazrat1*, Javed Khan5, Aftab
Amin4, Hayat Ullah1 and Tabinda Nowsheen1
... tomato crops and caused significant damage.
The application of Flurofenafire was able to control these infestations. In conclusion the
pesticide Flurofenafire was found effective against a wide range of insect pest of tomato plant.
...
Abdul Basit1, Ayesha Zahid1, Syed Tanveer Shah1, Inayat Ullah2, Sana Ullah3*, Muhammad
Kashif Nawaz4, Muhammad Areeb Khalid1, Izhar Ullah5, Fawad Ali1, Shaukat Ali1
... can
cause a significant loss in okra yield which needs urgent integrated management. Cyperus
rotundus, Echinochloa crusgalli and Digitaria sanguinalis were the main weeds observed
during the study against which local farmers used various manual, mechanical and chemical
control methods. It is concluded that okra plant sown on ridges and almost 3 picking
intervals significant

Hina Gul1, Amjad Usman1*, Karishma1 and Seema Zubair2

...green lacewing were also significantly affected when recorded 7 days after spray
application. However, Flonicamid 50%WG proved to be the most effective till 7th and had
lowest pest population followed datura and neem extract. neem extract in all the three
spray application . Garlic and eucalyptus also produced significant results compared to
control. Neem, tobacco, datura and f...

Hina Ilyas1, Umar Hanif2, Anser Ali1, Zahid Hassan Tarar3,Hamza Javed4, Tehreem Tahir5, Muhammad Rafiq6*

...ca crude extracts showed significant anti-oxidant activity with IC50 range of 384.2 ± 19.1 to 77.3 ± 10.0 μgmL-1, collectively. Moreover, significant anti-tyrosinase activity for C. bergamia (IC50 range = 4.1 ± 0.3 to 366.8 ± 36.5 μg mL-1) and F. carica (IC50 range = 156.5 ± 12.4 to 15.1 ± 2.9 μg mL-1) was found . Interestingly, C. bergamia MeOH-EA peel and C. bergamia MeOH-...

Abid Hussain Khoso1, Mahmooda Buriro1*, Bakht-un-Nisa Mangan1, Naimatullah Laghari1, Muharam Ali Qambrani1, Allah Ditta2, Muhammad Saeed3, Taufiq Nawaz4

...nana leaves at 12 t ha-1 significantly reduced the weeds infestation, resulting in enhanced growth, yield, and physiological parameters of the cotton crop.

...

Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Iqbal1, Malik Muhammad Hashim2, Muhammad Saleem Jilani1, Mohammad Safdar Baloch3, Muhammad Sohail Khan1, Asif Latif1, Muhammad Amjad Nadim3, Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid4

...a-1). The results showed significant variation among the treatments for all parameters during both years of study. Among the treatments, the dual gold (S-metolachlor) applied as pre-emergence reduced weed fresh and dry biomasses (g m-2) and also enhanced number of leaves plant-1, leaf area (cm2), leaf and root weight plant-1, sucrose (%), TSS (%), root and sugar yields (t ha-1) during both years. Hence, it is concluded that dual gold (S-metolachlor) applied as...

Sumaira Abdul Raouf1, Nadia Jabeen1* and Sundus Akhtar1

...hat of T. portulaacstrum significantly suppress the shoot length (46 cm to 18 cm), shoot fresh biomass (2.6 g to 0.66 g) and shoot dry biomass of V. mungo (1.31 g to 0.33 g). Pseudomonas sp. (PF-097) PGPR incorporation in vivo experiment significantly increased the shoot length (4% to 12%), shoot fresh biomass (18% to 35%), shoot dry biomass of V. mungo (17% to 35%). Physiological activity of Catalase and peroxidase consider...

Farhatul-Ain Arshad1, Asia Bibi1*, Amna Mushtaq1, Rubaida Mehmood2 and Nahid Kausar1

...variables in PCOS showed significant association with geographical area, diet, monthly income, smoking status, education, medication, infertilitycomplications and family history in obese and non-obese cases compared to controls. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in BMI, lipid profile (serum level of HDL, LDL, CHOL/HDL, HDL/LDL and LDL/HDL ratios) and endocrine profile (estradiol and insulin levels) between...

Ghodrat Akhavan Akbari1, Saman Hayadokht1, Saeed Sadeghiyeh Ahari2 and Ahmad Gasi1*

...e (in recovery room) was significantly lower than the Meperidine group. But in other times, oxycodone had no significant effect on shivering compared to Meperidine. In both studied groups, there was not significant differences between rate of nausea and vomiting. We showed that oxycodone pills immediately after surgery may reduce the incidence of shivering signific...

Hong Chen1,2, Jiawei Liu1,2, Chuan Lin1,2, Hao Lv1,2, Jiyun Zhang1,2, Xiaodong Jia1,2, Qinghua Gao1,2 and Chunmei Han1,2*

...down-regulated; the most significant changes were seen for the BVES gene (up-regulated gene); thus, this gene was further explored. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry further indicated a higher expression of BVES in the mesenchymal tissues of regenerated antlers than in the antler skin, cartilage, and bone tissues after top pruning treatment (P < 0.05); the brown immunohistochemical reaction products were concentrated...

Muhammad Arslan Akbar1, Khalid Javed2, Asim Faraz3, Abdul Waheed3*, Ecevit Eyduran4 and Muhammad Tariq5

...sW). Positive and highly significant (P≤0.01) correlations among different morphometric traits were present in overall animals of 0-12-month age groups of Thalli sheep such as WH, BL, HL, HW, EL, EW, NL, NW, HG, RL, BD, SPW, BiW and BW. The results of principal component analysis of data for all age groups of young Thalli sheep were showed that three principal components (PCs) were extracted as PC1, PC2, and PC3. For the 0-3-month age group, PC1 showed high...

Muddassir Ali, Fraz Ahmad Khan*, Mohsin Ali Raza, Muhammad Shahid Munir and Muhammad Usman Saleem

...crop parameters were non-significant except for the productive tiller, filled and unfilled grain, and 1000-grain weight which were significant at p < 0.05. The grain moisture content during harvesting was 21% which was within the recommended range. The effect of harvesting methods on grain losses and head rice yield was highly significant at p < 0.01. Higher grain losses (10.73%) and...

Muhammad Nadeem1, Jamshaid Iqbal2, Muneer Abbas1*, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Tariq Javeed1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Irshad1, Muhammad Aslam1, Gul Rehman2 and Shahar Yar Ahsan1

...ous combinations, showed significant differences in efficacy when compared with each other. A combination of treatments viz., imidacloprid seed treatment+ installation of blue sticky traps and chlorfenapyr 360 SC @ 100ml/acre spray was observed to be the most successful against thrips and resulted in maximum yield 1970.1 kg/ha of mungbean. While imidacloprid seed treatment with blue sticky trap installation, alone, did not show distinctive impact on the thrips...

Mariana Isti Dwiningsih1, I Ketut Suatha2 and I Ketut Puja3*

... analysis did not reveal significant differences. In conclusion, chilled semen from Kintamani Dogs transported for up to 3 hours remains suitable for artificial insemination.

...

Rwaida Adnan Ali1, Rahman Hussain Hamza¹, Hayder Mohammed Hassan Habeeb1, Ali J. Al-Nuaimi2  

...individual motility were significantly greater (P<0.01) in crossbred goat bucks than in local black and Cyprus goat bucks. In addition, the Cyprus goat showed a significant reduction (P<0.01) in dead and abnormal sperm compared with local black and crossbreed. However, local black and crossbreed exhibited significant increase in live sperm compared with Cyprus goat. Furthermore, test...

Md. Maniruzzaman1, Md. Kamrul Haque1,3, Md Rokonuzzaman2, Md. Mahmudul Hasan3, Rumana Biswas4, Md. Mustafizur Rahman5, Tahmina Akter Rimi6, Md. Rahat Uz Zaman7*, Md. Alauddin8, Md. Abdul Baki9 and Md. Yeamin Hossain10

...oped, and mainly without significant institutional, technical and financial support. Still, the size of the agribusiness sector in the domestic economy is relatively small, and the country’s total exports are also negligible. This study aims to determine the prospects and challenges of agribusiness in developing countries considering Bangladesh as an example, and investigate the opportunities. With the country’s massive population, agribusiness wou...

Asad Alam1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Yaseen1, Rafiq Ullah1, Tahira Tayyeb1, Muhammad Hanif1, Maiz ur Rahman1, Muhammad Owais Khan1, Fatima Syed3, Raheela Taj3, Shumaila Gul4, Muhammad Sadeeq5 and Muneeb Islam6

...sults were recorded with significant value in the growth of fish during 4th to 9th weeks. The values of fish weight were recorded higher (P<0.05) in group 3 than the group 1 and group 2. The floc concentration, feed and physico-chemical parameters have positive effects on biofloc system at winter session for quality production of Nile Tilapia (O. niloticus) production. 

...

Muhammad Ramzan Ali1*, Hasina Basharat2, Aziz Ahmed1, Mubeen Fakhar1 and Aleem Khan1

... CP level did not differ significantly. The results of cost benefit analysis pointed out that 35% protein level is optimum for African catfish as increasing protein levels beyond 35% increases the cost of feed without affecting the growth rate in a significant way thus reducing the net profitability. It was concluded that dietary protein requirement of African catfish ranged between 35-40% CP. For the commercial production o...

Ali D. Nashmi1*, Jawad K. Hasan1, Manal A. Ibrahim2 

... treated group C was non significant (p-value>0.05) there was also an improvement in histological characteristics regarding bronchial dilatation and improvement in the alveolar sac and modification of inflammatory cells in lung tissues in dipyridamole treated rats (group C) and prednisolone treated (group D) was observed in contrast to ovalbumin (ova) sensitized rats (group B). Collectively, dipyridamole has the ability to decrease inflammation to a lower l...

Sariffudin Fatmona*, Abdurahman Hoda, Sri Utami 

...and Pubic Bone Width had significant differences (P<0.05) in size. First-generation crossbreed chickens (G1) have varying male feather colors while the female’s color is predominantly gray. The male’s comb is shaped like a canary and a pea, while the female’s comb is mostly the shape of a canary. The main component variable in G1 chickens is the length of the tibia bone. Cluster analysis based on morphometrics contained three clusters: the...

Humam T. Hadi1*, Orooba M. S. Ibrahim2 

...howed that SaAuNPs had a significant (P≤0.05) anti-inflammatory effect, with the groups treated with 0.003% and 0.005% SaAuNPs showing a significant reduction in psoriasis symptoms. The physicochemical properties of SaAuNPs were characterized using numerous techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, Zeta potential measurement, particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The...

Hafiz Ishtiaq Ahmad1, Jinlong Zhang1, Fuxun Luo1, Owais Iqbal2 and Yuying Wang1*

...dth and root number were significantly increased in the red, blue and white (RBW) composite treatment, while composite red, blue and yellow (RBY) subjected seedlings exhibited maximum leaf number, root length, and proliferation rate as compared to the others. Therefore, seedlings exposed to the light combination of red and blue (RB) exhibited the highest chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll content, catalase and root activity. The soluble sugar, soluble prot...

Muti Ul Hannan1, Wazir Ahmed1, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2*, Muhammad Baqir Hussain1 and Khuram Mubeen1

... stages which results in significant reduction of yield with poor fiber quality. Additionally, soil health of Pakistani soils is very poor due to low soil organic matter, non-judicial use of fertilizers and high cropping intensity with mono-cropping pattern. The integrated and judicial use of organic and synthetic fertilizers boosts the soil and plant health and mitigates the deteriorative effects of heat stress on plants. Based on past studies, the objective ...

Hafiz Muhammad Usama Shaheen1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1*, Muhammad Atiq1, Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo1, Hadeed Ahmad1, Muhammad Wahab1, Muhammad Faran Tahir1 and Abuzar Hasnain2

...Allium sativum expressed significant effect against BLS of rice with least disease incidence percentage (18.07%), when applied as preventive treatment. These extracts could be significant in biological management strategies for the control of BLS of rice, as indicated by the reduction in disease incidence in all experiments as compared to control treatment. The current findings may provide a way for the synthesis and exploit...
Hong Su1,2, Lu Chen1,3, Wenrui Guo1, Daqing Wang1,3, Aolei Dou1,2, Jie Su1, Yanyan Yang4, Ying Tian4, Tingyi He4, Caiyun Wang1, Chenguang Du1, Haijun Li1, Xihe Li5, Guifang Cao1*, Yongli Song5* and Fuxiang Bao3*
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Mohammad Nafees2, Tooba Saeed3, Sarzamin Khan1, Hazrat Hussain4, Adila Bashir2 and Nida Naz1
...hand, stone crushing has significant effects on the environment and human health. This study reviews the contribution of stone crushers in the construction sector and the degradation of environmental quality with special reference to Pakistan. For this purpose, literature from various journals was studied to collect the data. The results of the study revealed the increasing population in Pakistan, with an annual demand of 2.4% for accommodation and housing. Wh...
Sajid Hussain Shah1, Akeel Ahmed Memon1*, Asmatullah Kaka1
Ahmed Nawaz Tunio2, Abdullah Channo1, Qudratullah Kalwar4
Muhammad Ibrahim Panhwar3, Kashif Ali Malak1 and Baban Ali Rahoo1
...hat estrus response vary significantly among the groups (P<0.05). Overall estrus response was observed significantly higher in group B (80%), followed by A (60%) and C (10%). Intensity of estrus was determined by observing the estrus signs. Results showed significantly higher intensity of estrus signs in Group B than A and C for mucus discharge 90%, 65%,10%, flehmen 90%, 60%,10%, standi...

Ayoola Mathew Oluwaseyi1*, Aderemi Foluke Abimbola1, Alikwe Philip2 , Tumgbulu Samuel2, Eniufuoma Augustina2 

...ed conversion ratio were significantly (p<0.05) affected by ECLM while spleen and bursa of fabricius were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by ECLM feed additive. Measured serum total protein of the groups on ECLM were significantly (p<0.05) higher, while serum cholesterol were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those on control group. Birds...

Saddam Hussain1, Muhammad Asrar2*, Usama Saleem2, Dilbar Hussain3, Muhammad Sohail Qadir3, Muhammad Saleem3, Rashid Ali2, Zeeshan Javed2 and Mubshar Saleem4

... can potentially inflict significant agricultural losses, ranging from 20% to 45% of the harvest yield. Termites are also known to cause damage to stored food, wooden objects, household furniture, paper products, and various synthetic materials. They can attack both buried and above-ground parts of plants. They bite and chew on tubers, young and old leaves, stems, lower branches of the plants, and peanut seeds. Termite infestation is a considerable problem in ...

Lei Chu1, Jie Yang2, Zhenshi Chen2, Xiajun Zhang1, Weidong Wu3*, Shaoru Zhang2 and Lihui Wang2*

...that MCM2 and GINS2 were significantly correlated with overall survival. Expression analysis showed that MCM2 and GINS2 were highly expressed in cancer tissues, but low in normal tissues, which was consistent with the results of GEO analysis. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between MCM2 and GINS2. This study suggests that MCM2 and GINS2 may be new biomarkers to predict the progno...

Shaofei Zhang1, Na Xu2 and Gang Liu2*

...ersity analysis showed a significant difference in composition between the Shengjin and Caizi Lake samples, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) analysis indicated that geese were well-matched with their lakes of origin. Stamp analysis revealed a difference of 27 gut archaeal species between A. erythropus wintering at Shengjin Lake and those at Caizi Lake. Archaeal network analysis results fell into four major modules, with Meth...

Yaowu Zhan, Dandan Su*, Jinxiu Bai, Fang Li and Yulian Dong

...ildren with ARTI changed significantly, with the increase of time, the concentration decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The concentrations of amyloid A and C-reactive protein were significantly different, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Finally, the predictive effect of serum amyloid A a...

Xiaowei Zhang*

...intervention groups were significantly different. The correlation between survival time and CEA, CA125, CA19-9 tumor markers was 0.611, 0.603, 0.598, respectively, and all were significant. It was concluded that the combined treatment group of apatinib and trastuzumab can effectively intervene gastric cancer with ascites disease, reduce postoperative adverse reactions, promote cell apoptosis, especially the survival rate of ...
Fangmei Zhang1,2, Xiaocen Zhao1,2, Li Qiao1,2, Shibao Guo1,2, Li Zhang1,2
Jian Yin1,2, Zhou Zhou1,2, Chuleui Jung3 and Shubao Geng1,2*
...conica dimensions showed significant sexual dimorphism between male and female adults. In addition, the possible functions of sensilla were analyzed and discussed according to their morphology, distribution, and the previously reported sensilla function. These results could help to understand the chemical communication of S. subpunctaria and their host, and provide a scientific basis for the development of a novel biological control strategy of S. subpunctaria...

Muhammad Qasim1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Umair Abbas1, Mehar Zubair Shehzad1 and Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2

...terranean termites cause significant damage to agricultural crops and wooden infrastructures worldwide. Coptotermes and Odontotermes were found as the most abundant and damaging genera of subterranean termites in Pakistan. Many conventional synthetic insecticides are being used to combat termite infestations with often unsatisfactory control results. This study assessed the comparative toxicity of some prevailing synthetic insecticides with different modes of ...
Suherman Suherman1*, Muhammad Fahri Rizky1, Zaki Bahrul Fikri1, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto1,  Zane Vincevica-Gaile2, Anwar Saeed Khan3, Erkata Yandri4,5 and Iswahyudi Iswahyudi6 
...vely low drying quality, significant damage, and the sun’s ultraviolet rays can also damage the chemical components of dried materials. Therefore, a new drying process technology, Photovoltaic Ventilation (Solar Dryer) was developed to overcome the above problems. In this research, onions were dried using a photovoltaic ventilated solar dryer, and temperature analysis and bioactive compounds were performed to evaluate the performance of the system in ter...

Tarek Mahmoud Mousa-Balabel* and Karima Mohamed Abdo Abofarag

... under BLC and WES had a significant (p> 0.05) higher body weight gain, with obviously, economic feed conversion ratio (FCR), Newcastle disease virus antibody titer and low heterophil/lymphocyte ratio in comparing with WLC. Poultry producers can use blue light color or vitamin E and Se supplementation shortly before and after the vaccination to reduce the stress of vaccination and the post vaccinal reactions in IR broilers.

...
Guangcan Lin1,2,3, Xingyu Chen1,2,3, Xiaohao Shi1,2,3, Xiaolin Li1,2,3
Anwar Tanwari Kamran4, Zhengxiang Wang1,2,3, Qing Zhu5, Gaodao Liang5* and Lei Pan1,2,3*
...nd Schlegel, 1842) has a significant potential to spread outside of its current locations and regions, all-continents-spanning invasive range. The invasion of P. parva has threatened the existence of native species. Therefore, evaluation of the condition and fitness of the invasive P. parva population in different regions is necessary. However, no systematic reports of the P. parva length-weight relationships (LWRs) around the world has been documented, especi...

Ying Li, Peng Zhan, Qiang Wang and Dongfeng Chen*

...artilage wear group were significantly higher than those of the non-wear group (P<0.05). The results showed that the heavy labor intensity, the absence or insufficiency of the lateral meniscus, the absence or insufficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament, the long course of disease, and the high level of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β was an independent risk factor for cartilage wear of lateral compartment in patients with VKO (P<0.05). It was conclu...
R. Javed1,2, T. Usman1, S. Niaz2, N. Ali2,3, H. Baneh4, K. Ullah5, I. Khattak1, M. Kamal1,2
S. Bahadar6, N.U. Khan1, S. Khan1,7, Y. Wang3*, Y. Yu3* and Mostafa K. Nassar8
...als with higher SCC have significantly lower (P<0.01) milk fat %. Breed-wise analysis showed significantly higher (P<0.01) protein % in Achai, lactose % in Jersey and its crossbred (Jersey x Achai), and LMY was recorded significantly higher in Friesian and its crossbred Jersey x Friesian (JF). The analysis of the environmental effect on milk composition and LMY showed that animals ke...

Gökhan Ulukan1*, Zeynep Pekcan2, Zülfükar Kadir Sarıtas3, Ilker Etikan4, Serkan Sayıner5, Feride Zabitler6 and Fatma Eser Özgencil1

...GCPS-SF scores showed no significant difference between the GCPS-SF scores at postop0, postop2, postop4, postop8 and postop24 h and the cortisol, TNF-α, IL1-β and NO levels determined at the same timepoints. TNF-α at postop24 h showed a significant positive correlation with the postop0 h GCPS-SF score. NO at postop8 h showed a significant negative correlation with the post...

Komal Hingoro1, Muhammad Saleem Chang1,2* and Ghulam Sarwar Gachal1

...emical analysis showed a significantly higher and lower values of red blood cells in Pangshura tecta and Kachuga smithii, PDW in Nilssonia hurum and Kachuga smithii, MCV in Chitra indica and Kachuga smithii, haemoglobin in Chitra indica and Kachuga smithii, PLT in Pangshura tecta and Chitra indica, MPV in Nilssonia hurum and Lissemys punctata, TLC in Nilssonia hurum and Kachuga smithii, LYM in Chitra indica and Kachuga smithii, NEU in Chitra indica and Kachuga...

Jagdish Jaba1*, Sumit Vashisth2, Sivakumar Golla1 and Suraj Prashad Mishra1

...n two cultivars differed significantly across sowing dates. ICPL 87 was most vulnerable to insect pests as it suffered more damage by the pod borer H. armigera, pod sucking bugs (Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal.) than ICPL 88039. The maximum leaf/pod feeding insect population was recorded on first sowing and then gradually decline for the rest of the plantings. Maximum H. armigera egg population exhibited 21.10 on ICPL 87 in first sowing and at least 1.23 on ...

Noor-ul-Ain1, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Rida Ahmad1,2 and Nida Naeem1

... results showed that the significantly altered behavior in all animal groups was moving (p<0.05). Seasonal variation had a significant impact on the resting (p<0.05) of Bengal tigers, Bengal tigresses, and lion cubs. Auditory behavior (p<0.05) of Bengal tigers and lion cubs while aggressive behavior (p<0.05) of Bengal tigers significantly varied in the summer and winter seasons...

Lin Li1*, Lu Lu2, Gang An2 and Xiaoguang Zhang3

...lls and cell debris were significantly reduced compared with the blue light model group. Hoecht staining showed that the apoptosis rate of the blue light model group and TF-TP 150 μmol/L group was significantly higher than that of the blank control group (P<0.01). The apoptosis rate of TF-TP 150 μmol/L group was significantly lower than that of blue light model group, and the diff...

Yue Guo1,2*, Hai Yan Dong1, Hong Chang Zhou1,2, Hui Zhang1 and Ming Ke Lu3

...and 60-69 age groups had significantly higher incidence. The incidence of schistosomiasis was concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and people over 50 were at higher risk.

...

Rumisha Raza1*, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Aftab Ahmed Anjum2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali1 and Sehrish Firyal1*

...purposes and also play a significant role in maintenance of ecosystems. 

...
Qurat-ul-Ain Ijaz1, Amna Sulaman1, Dost Muhammad Baloch2, Muhammad Shafi2, Faiz Muhammad1* and Shahnaz Rashid1
...tropods are ecologically significant and can be found in a wide range of habitats. Their taxonomy is complicated by their perplexing morphological characteristics. Therefore, a molecular based identification approach was used to confirm the variety of gastropod species commonly found on the coast during low tide at rocky shores. In the present investigation, nine species of gastropods were identified using the foresaid modern technique such as (Thalessa savign...
Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammard Memon2 and Niaz Hussain Khuhro2
... trapping. Results shown significantly (P<0.05) maximum parasitization of T. daci (342.00±16.26, 320.00±14.85) respectively in EA-2 (guava) treated blocks at Hyderabad and Larkana. Whereas, minimum parasitization of both parasitoids were observed in the untreated blocks of mango at discrete regions. Furthermore, significantly (P<0.05) reduced number of B. dorsalis (510.00±118.57, 558.40±...

Chao Du1, Li Liu1, Li Gao1, Yongqi Ren2, Shiqiang Wang3 and Wei Liu4*

...their biomass in TAN was significantly lower than HQN. According to the breeding records of relict gulls in HQN, we roughly estimate that up to 400 relict gulls pairs may be able to breed in TAN. The low availability of food supply during the brooding period might still be a limiting factor for the restoration of the TAN relict gull population in the following years.

...

Camilo Romero Núñez1, Laura Miranda Contreras1, Rafael Heredia Cárdenas1, Ariadna Flores Ortega2*, Linda Guiliana Bautista Gómez3 

...f Toxocara was 33.09%. A significant association was observed (Chi2= 73.22, p= 0.0001) between age and positivity for this nematode. Access to the outdoors exhibited a strong association (Chi2= 48.31, p= 0.0001) with Toxocara spp. prevalence and was identified as a risk factor (OR= 1.63, p= 0.0001). Additionally, farm-raised cats also showed an association (Chi2= 15.26, p= 0.001) with Toxocara prevalence in feces. Younger cats exhibited an association with Tox...

Chukwujekwu A. Obianefo1,2*, Ngozi J. Obiekwe1, Nma O. Okoroji3, Zahoor A. Shah4, Uzochukwu V. Uchemba5 and Ebele G. Osegbue5

...onal support, these were significant at various levels of probability. Constraints on the use of e-extensions were rotated into three factors (commitment, political, and institutional), and in the commitment factor, the extension worker suffered from a lack of support and inadequate training for the e-agriculture extension. At the political level, the advisors lacked the needed skills due to underfunding from the government, and at the institutional level as w...

Shoaib Zawar1, Muhammad Waqas Yonas1,2*, Muhammad Mujahid Akbar1 and Abeer Ahmad1

...aled that sowing methods significantly influenced wheat production. Among treatments, augmented furrow expressed consistently the higher grain yield (42.46%) compared to conventional broadcast method, which was due to its ability for plants to maintain optimum density per unit area, reduced intraspecific competition, and enhanced grain formation, leading to higher grain yield (5562.38 kg ha-1 in 2020-21 and 5220.22 kg ha-1 in 2021-22). Adapting an appropriate ...

Anom Yusuf Tri Bambang Susilo1, Muhammad Fathin Hanif1, Bambang Ariyadi2, Ahmad Romadhoni Surya Putra3, Ali Agus1*

...n laying hens has gained significant attention in animal production research, particularly after the ban on conventional cages. Meanwhile, a bibliometric analysis entails the use of statistical methods to discover patterns and trends in scientific publications. This approach includes studying the quantity of publications, identifying the countries with the highest productivity, and defining the main fields of research. Through this analysis, we could gain valu...

Azhar Ali1, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Wu Di3, Huang Chunjie3, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1, Bilal Ahmed1, Farwa Shakeel1, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari1, Windu Negara2, Bambang Waluyo Hadi Eko Prasetiyono1*

...tibiotic resistance is a significant public health issue, and animals have a vital role in the development and preservation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This work employed shotgun metagenomics to examine antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) present in the feces of dairy cattle. The presence of resistance genes in the feces indicates that certain microorganisms carry several resistance genes, which are often found in close proximity and originate from variou...

Amal Ahmed Abdel-Halim1, Esteftah Mohamed El-Komy2, Ahmed Mosaad Abdelsalam2, Gomaa Said Ramadan2*

...rs. The results revealed significant variations in the weekly mean body weight of the quail birds at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 among the different hybrid lines. These differences imply varying growth rates and body weights throughout the study period. Furthermore, the average carcass characteristics displayed significant variation among the hybrid lines. It was observed that Hy5 Imported Quail, which represents hybrid li...

Wadood Shah* and Sanam Zarif Satti

... consumption is hampered significantly by drought stress. Plants adjust their cellular osmotic potential and water potential in response to stressors, by increasing root length, closing stomata to reduce transpiration and also activating their natural defensive mechanisms by producing anti-oxidative enzymes and accumulating osmoprotectants. Changes in photosynthetic pigments are one of several factors that affect how much water is accessible to plants under sc...

Aura Oktiefa Adyantono, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Daud Samsudewa*

... with Bos taurus, but no significant difference in other reproductive hormone levels. This also occurs in estrus activity parameters, where there is no significant difference in the estrus cycle and duration between Bos indicus cattle and their crossbred with Bos taurus. No significant differences in several reproductive parameters due to adaptation or resistance to stress. The increase in...

Diyar Mohammad Hussein*, Iman Mousa Khaleel

...n adult cats were higher significantly than those in suckling at p <0.05. The adrenal glands in suckling and adult cats contains two creamy small glands, located on each side of vertebral column, the right gland situated on the cranioventral pole of the right kidney, while the left one situated more away from the left kidney anterior pole. Statistically, there were significant difference between right and left adrenal gla...

Iman Hernaman1*, Budi Ayuningsih1, Diky Ramdani2, Romy Zamhir Islami1, Shelvia Octaviana1, Ina Aviana1, Galuh Rahayu1, Aldena Bina Salimah1, Urip Rosani1, Atun Budiman1, Muhammad Rifqi Ismiraj3

...nd crude fiber decreased significantly (P <0.05) while rice hull ash filtrate concentrations increased. The highest decrease in ADF and NDF was achieved at concentrations of 0.2 w/v. The use of corncobs with rice hull ash filtrate soaked by 0.2 w/v (RHAF 4) in rations resulted in differences between treatments (P <0.05). CSRHAC 2 gave the highest (P <0.05) ​​of DMD, OMD, N-NH3, and VFA among the treatments, namely 52.65±0.73%, 44.76±...

Tariq Zaman1*, Fawad Khan2, Sajjad Ahmad2*, Alia Mehsud2, Atta Ur Rahman3, Muskaan Zaman2 and Sumaira Noor2

...rs of 1 specie. The most significant number of plant species that helped alleviate digestive problems was 12 (58.57%) of the total, followed by intestinal problems with 8 species (19.04%), abdominal pain with 7 species (16.66%). Different quantitative indices like Use Value (UV), Relative Frequency Citation (RFC) and Family Important Value (FIV), were used to find out comparative signficiance of plant species. The species with high Used Value were Mentha longi...

Salman K.A.A1, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory3*

...ncentrations for T3 were significantly lower at 6 hours than for T1 across all exposure durations. When comparing the injectable treatments to T1, the same phenomenon occurred at 12 and 48 hours. At 6 hours, the glucose concentration at T3 and T4 was considerably (P<0.05) lower than at T1, and at 12 hours, all injection parameters were lower than at T1. At 24 o’clock, the glutathione concentration in T3 increased significant

Hafizuddin1, Sri Wahyuni2, Tongku Nizwan Siregar1*, Amalia Sutriana3, Ririn Triyuliani4, Siti Hanyyah Herviani4, Muhammad Farhan Syuhada4, Nur Salimah4, Muharni Mardiah Eriswandi4, Ratu Permata Ayu4, Putroe Hayatun Nufus4

...plantation site showed a significant difference between R1 with R2 and R3 (P<0.05). The concentration of estrogen in R3 increased on day 5 after mating, while FSH and LH showed no significant differences between all groups on days 1, 3, and 5 after mating. Based on these findings, the administration of BPE could be considered as an alternative superovulation preparation in local rabbits in terms of ovarian and hormonal po...

Indah Nurfauziah1, Lovita Adriani1*, Rahmad Fani Ramadhan1, Andi Mushawwir1, Safri Ishmayana2

...t been able to provide a significant difference in reducing feed conversion and increasing egg production in laying hens.
 
Keywords | Probiotics, Bacteriocin, Layer, Hen day production, Feed conversion ratio, Egg weight
...

Hawraa F.H. Alowaid1*, Afrah Adil Hassan1, Majdy Faisal Majeed2

...ion) 30 days in a row. A significant decrease in liver and kidney tissue SOD, CAT, NO, and MAD was detected in TML groups, while, hepatic and Renal histopathological alterations included inflammation, necrosis, hemorrhage, and congestion, in TML-treated animals, generally, the complementary results of the histological study, by evaluating the degree of histopathological changes, the distribution of lesions by scores (Sc) and an important factor (Fi), and the i...

Talal Jabal Hussen1, Sattar J.J. Al-Shaeli1*, Baidaa H.R. Al-Mahna2, Hasanain A.J. Gharban3

...emical markers displayed significant increased in estrogen administration mice compared to control. These markers are including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Whereas, administration estrogen to mice caused significant dropdown the activity of antioxidant markers including catalase (CAT), glut...

Istna Mangisah*, Lilik Krismiyanto, Vitus Dwi Yunianto Budi Ismadi, Mulyono Mulyono, Nyoman Suthama, Fajar Wahyono

...to Tegal duck feed had a significant effect (p<0.05) on coliform, blood cholesterol and LDL levels, and duck body weight. Treatment had no significant effect on relative intestinal weight, HDL and blood triglycerides, and feed consumption. This study concluded that a dietary strategy providing A. paniculata decreases gut coliform and improves the performance of Tegal ducks reared in different cage densities.
&...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar*1, Riffat Maqsood1, Hussain Abbas1, Musharraf Manzoor1, Muhammad Suleman1, Hassaan Ahmad Bajwa2, Ali Hamza2, Shaher Yar1, Muhammad Zain1, Abdul Wadood1 and Noman Aslam3

...nder control, contribute significantly to crop productivity, and shield humans from vector-borne and viral illnesses, yet they also seriously contaminate our environment. These hazardous materials can be found in plants, soil, water, air, food, and feed. Through the food chain, their residues build in humans and animals after entering plants and animal products.They destroy useful species in the ecosystem and put our lives and health in peril. This review high...

Mahfuza Ferdous1, Sabuj Kanti Nath1 and Mustasim Famous2*

... SNF, and protein showed significant variation (p<0.005). Feeding methods by implementing new technological approaches, farmers can improve milk quality and gain more profit by minimizing feed costs. 
...

Chinenye Maria-Goretti Ohanu, Chika Bright Ikele*, Okoye, ChukwuEbuka Kingsley, Charity Chidera Eze

... chloramphenicol’s significant (P=0.05) performance. However, between 72 h and 96 h post-treatment, both the intensity of theronts and trophonts declined to a non-detectable level at a concentration of 500mg/L ELEOG with linear similarity with the standard drug. A positive and strong relationship was observed between pH and Ich intensity, although no Ich was detected at 5.5. There was no relationship between the temperature (25° C and 29° C) and ...

Husnurrizal Husnurrizal1,2, Hafizuddin Hafizuddin2*, Sri Wahyuni3, Cut Nila Thasmi2, Tongku Nizwan Siregar2,4 

...istration of PGF2α significantly affected spermatozoa concentration (p<0.05) at the 90th minute (P3), increased motility (P<0.05) overall treatment times, enhanced viability (P<0.05) at the 30th and 60th minutes (P1 and P2), and reduced abnormalities (P<0.05) in all treatment groups, but it did not affect testosterone levels (P>0.05). The peak of cAMP concentration occurred at P1, while that of ATP occurred at P4 (P<0.05). The time inte...

Yugang Meng1*, Xiting Yan2 and Haiying Liang3

...up was 95.65%, which was significantly higher than the control group of 80.43% (P <0.05). After treatment, the VEGF level in the study group was significantly lower than the control group, and the EMAb, CA125 levels, and EMAb positive rates were significantly higher In the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); after...

Ashiq Ullah1, Sarzamin Khan1, Muhammad Shuaib1*, Sohaib ul Hassan2, Abubakar Sufyan3, Kinkpe Lionel5, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Majid Ali1, Aamir Khan4, Qudrat Ullah2 and Waqar Azeem6

...oups. The results showed significantly reduced feed consumption, increased weight gain, and better FCR in 2ml/l of LE group. Similarly, 2ml/l of LE group showed increased (P<0.05) villus height, crypt depth, villus width, and villus height to crypt depth ratio. The digestibility of dry matter, ash, crude fiber, crude protein, ether extract, and calcium was also calculated significantly higher in the 2ml/l of LE group. Tot...

Kashif Haleem, Basheer Ahmad, Muhammad Rayyan, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*

... minor reason (1.25%). A significant majority (78.75%) of respondents grow trees on their farmland to sell them and support their families, while 21.25% use the trees for personal purposes. Most respondents (61.25%) use LPG for cooking and heating due to its availability, while 32.5% also use firewood, and 6.25% use crop residues along with firewood. Of the 80 respondents, 63.75% use fuelwood from their farmland, and 36.25% purchase it from the market. Regardi...

Ameer Sultan1, Abdur Rauf1*, Farooq Jan1, Muhammad Qayash2, Muhammad Yasin3, Tanweer Kumar4, Wajid Khan4, Muhammad Arif4, Kashmala Jabbar5, Wisal Khan6, Farhan Ullah1, Syed Shabab Hussain1 and Ikramullah Khan1

...ons of contaminants vary significantly from one industry to another. Recently, there has been a growing interest in utilizing industrial waste as a soil amendment. The distillery spent wash (DSW) released through the sugarcane processing, is abundant in organic materials and a variety of essential nutrients, including Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, and Sulphur. Different concentrations of spent wash were applied to sugarcane crops to explore their e...

Ihteram Ullah1*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil2, Said Salman1, Nasir Mehmood3, Abdul Majid4, Syed Noor Muhammad Shah5 and Zahoor Ahmed6

...anthesis drought poses a significant threat to wheat productivity on a global scale. To assess the performance of wheat genotypes under differing moisture regimes, a study was conducted at Agricultural University, Peshawar, using 24 advanced wheat lines alongside four check cultivars grown in irrigated (normal) and rainfed (stress) conditions. All measured traits, except grain weight per seed, showed significant differences ...

Arshad Bhat1*, Abid Sultan2, M. Latief3, Parvaiz Rashid3, H.A. Malik4 and Iqra Qureshi5

...ts employed. There is no significant short run relation between the variables, as shown by the Vector Error Correction model and its probability output, except for the case where horticulture production is considered an independent variable and GSDP as a dependent variable. The Johansen Cointegration Test results indicate that there is a long-term relationship between the variables. The Granger Casualty Test revealed that there was no cause-and-effect relation...

Nask Jawher Ahmed and Kawa A. Ali*

...wed that adding SA has a significant impact on seed yield during drought in both locations, with the highest values recorded (320.47 kg d-1) and (327.56 kg.d-1) at 300 ppm of SA. In both locations, stopping irrigation after flowering (65BBCH) has a higher negative impact on seed yield than stopping irrigation after seed development (79 BBCH). The seed yield in Erbil was 231.53 kg d-1 and in Kifri was 353.38 kg d-1, indicating the adverse effects of drought, wh...

Atyab Amjad1*, Riaz-Ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Shafique Khalid2, Samia Ikram1, Riaz Bukhari1, Muhammad Shafique3 and Muhammad Luqman4

...er plant did not exhibit significant variation across growing conditions, although Crystal Blanco again displayed a trend of superior performance. The largest bud diameter (20.2 mm) was recorded for Crystal Blanco grown under green netting. Crystal Blanco cultivated in a shade lath house demonstrated the longest vase life (8 days). In conclusion, this investigation suggests that the Crystal Blanco cultivar exhibited superior growth performance compared to the ...

Efi Rokana1, Iin Rohmatul Fatimah1, Brilian Desca Dianingtyas1, Niswatin Hasanah2, Wulandari3, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,3* 

... types of forage did not significantly impact dry matter intake (P>0.05) but significantly affected body weight gain, feed conversion, feed efficiency (P<0.05), and IOFC (P<0.01). The ration formula containing corn plants (T2) emerged as the optimal treatment, exhibiting average values for body weight gain, feed conversion, feed efficiency, and IOFC of 25.1 ± 4.93 g/head/day, 15.71 ± 2.85, 53.02% &plus...

Hamid Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Anas1*, Rozina Gul1, Waseem Ullah Shah1, Abdul Haleem2, Muneeb Ahamd Khan1, Muhammad Taimur1, Tahreem Shah1, Sajjad Ur Rahman1, Noman Anjum1 and Muhammad Saqib3

...f variance showed highly significant differences (P<0.01) between years and between genotypes and genotype-year interaction (GYI) for all traits examined, except plant height. On average over two years, a minimum of (126) days to flowering were recorded over two years for genotypes D-15015 and D-13011, while a maximum of (136) days to flowering were recorded for genotype K-01209. For plant height over two years, the lowest and highest data were recorded for...

Bushra Irfan1, Muhammad Shahbaz1*, Asif Mukhtiar1, Muhammad Zubair Akram2, Muhammad Atif Bashir3, Sabina Asghar4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Samreen Nazeer6*

...stify;">Salinity is most significant abiotic factor limiting sesame growth, physio-chemical mechanisms and productivity. To address this issue a pot trial was conducted to check the effectiveness of hydropriming (water; control), thiourea (150 mM) seed priming under normal (10.8 mM) and saline conditions (70 mM). The seeds of two varieties (TS-05 and TH-06) was sown at Botany Garden, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Results showed that salinity decreases...

Barkat Ullah Khan*, Ayaz Ahmad, Ashar Farooq, Muhammad Bilal Zia, Hammad-Ud-Din and Muhammad Atif Majeed

...r 1984 stands out with a significant leap in data collection efforts. The years 2012 and 2013 demonstrate a notable surge in recorded observations, followed by a gradual decrease in subsequent years. However, there are fluctuations and variations in different years, indicating potential variations in data collection intensity or other factors influencing observation counts. Month-wise observations show a seasonal pattern, with higher counts during the summer m...

Salam N. Aritonang1*, Yulia Yellita1, Dwita Saningtias2, Eka Putri2, Rizqan1 

...ic flour supplementation significantly increased (P<0.05) erythrocytes (4.8 - 6.51 x 106/mm3), hemoglobin (9.85 - 13.22 g/dl), hematocrit (25.82 - 33.32%), and leukocytes (8.55 - 11.17 x 103/mm3), while maintaining values within normal ranges. Based on the results, supplementation of turmeric flour up to 0.03% (C) was found to be the most optimal for blood profile improvement and can enhance the health of Murrah buffaloes.  

...

Dwi Putri Nurmala1, Tri Eko Susilorini1, Osfar Sjofjan2*, Danung Nur Adli2

...mentation in dairy goats significantly enhanced GSH-Px activity (P<0.01), but had no significant effect on blood parameters (RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, cholesterol, glucose, and total selenium). Organic selenium, such as selenium yeast, selenium-enriched yeast, selenomethionine, selenium proteinate, and lactate protein complex, was found to be more effective than inorganic selenium after a post hoc analysis between...

Muhammad Ardas Daruslam1, Muhammad Irfan Said2*, Nancy Lahay3

...able waste sources had a significant effect (p<0.05) on Ec-En properties such as pH (<4), protease enzyme activity (0.3835-0.4259 U/mL) and total Lactate Acid Bacteria (LAB) (5.5-6.00 log CFU/mL). The Ec-En product produced from P1 produces the best characteristics compared to other treatments. Application of P1 for 15 minutes (T1) of fermentation time was able to reduce ammonia gas in laying hen feces by (9.77-36.90 ppm).
 
...

Alain Kouam Simo1, Roland Nankam Chimi1*, Stevine Ngoueni Megouo1, Ariane Megne Fossouo1, Félicité Flore Djuikwo-Teukeng2, Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini3

...its prevalence showed us significant variations, the region of origin of the animals (p=0,0001), the department (p=0,0001), the breed (p=0,0001), body condition score (p=0,0001), body condition (p=0,002), watering site (p=0,0001). Bovine schistosomiasis is endemic in the northern and Adamawa regions of Cameroon. This pathology is favoured by factors such as the place of watering, the body condition score, and the place and department of origin of the animal. O...

Kh. Amber1, S.G. Kotb1, W.A. Morsy2* and W. Khalifa1

...enting in diets led to a significant increase in final body weight by 1.04%, as compared with un-supplemented diets. Chicks fed pellets diet had the highest carcass weight percentage; while those fed mash diet had the lowest value (P<0.05). Serum total protein was significantly decreased with chicks fed mash diet, as compared with those fed pellets and crumble diets. Conclusively, it could be concluded that pellets feed f...
Shawky M Aboelhadid1*, Abdel-Azeem S Abdel-Baki2, Khaled M Hassan3
Samar M Ibrahium4, Saleh Al-Quraishy5, Ahmed O Hassan6 and Asmaa A Kamel1
...l the treatments induced significant increase in the malondialdehyde activity. In conclusion, nanoemulsion tech and mixing GO+SO increased their insecticidal potency against house fly, C. pipiens and T. castenum. This is a useful method in the integrated pest management. 

...

Abdul Ghaffar1*, Kashfa Akram1, Habiba Jamil1, Riaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas3, Fozia Afzal4, Ahrar Khan5,6, Rabia Tahir7, Muhammad Ahmad Chishti1 and Shahnaz Rashid3

...nd chest tightness, were significantly more prevalent among pesticide-exposed individuals. Hematological parameters revealed significant decreases in hemoglobin, white blood cell count, erythrocytes, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocytes, and neutrophils, alongside significant increases in...

Murad Muhammad1,2,3*, Shahid Ullah1, Nimrah Ameen4, Abdul Wahab3,5, Abdul Basit6, Muqadas Batool7, Muhammad Nazim2,3 and Haroon Khan

... diverse weed flora with significant medicinal value for daily use. Surveys using semi-structured open-ended questionnaires were carried out in distant villages of the Larjam subdivisions, specifically interviewing 120 local respondents (85 males, including herbalists and pansiris, and 35 women) regarding the naturally occurring medicinal weeds in the area. During the field survey, traditional knowledge and the ethnobotanical relevance of seasonal weeds were c...

Daniel Offiong Etim1*, Etim Johnson Umana1, Idorenyin Asukwo Udo2, Ndarake Eden Ini-Ibehe1

...mbination with T. viride significantly (P≤0.05) reduced root galling, nematode population and nematode reproduction. Soil amendment with Trichoderma species significantly (P≤0.05) reduced root galling, nematode population and nematode reproduction factor with T. viride having a higher efficacy than T. harzianum. S. rolfsii root colonization index showed that the colonization index was significa...

Marwa M. El-Deriny1,2*, Rania H. Wahdan1, Marwa S. Fouad3 and Dina S.S. Ibrahim1,2*

...luorescens or T. viride, significantly reduced the total population of root-knot nematode, M. javanica, with a reduction percentage of 67.23 and 71.02% respectively. Also, concomitant treatment of NPK and T. viride or B. subtilis improved the plant growth parameters with the 70.82 and 48.60% respectively. Under field conditions, the growth parameters increased significantly as shoot length (59.98%), shoot weight (114.06%), s...
Olagbaju Olawole1, 2, Ayoola Mathew*1, Lawal Tunde1, Olorunleke Solomon3, Oladejo Opeyemi1, Oguntunji Abel1 , Alabi Olufemi1 , Aderemi Foluke1, Ajayi Abimbola1
...dicting estrus, while no significant difference in VER means the two protocols offer flexibility to goat farmers in choosing synchronization methods based on specific breeding objectives. 
 
Keywords | Small ruminant, Reproduction, Estradiol, Progesterone, Estrus, Goat
...

Saba Mehnaz1*, Farhan Ahmad Atif2, Rao Zahid Abbas1, Muhammad Kasib Khan1 and Muhammad Saqib3

...ally, the prevalence was significantly higher in female buffaloes (P=0.0001) during summer season (P=0.0001). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of A. marginale showed that Sequence Pak-4* was closely similar to sequences CP006847.1 and appeared in the same clade. Sequence Pak-4* was ascended to Pak-3* isolate and descendant to MK792344.1 Pakistani isolate. On the other hand, phylogenetic analysis of T. annulata showed that the Pak-2* sequence appeared to be...
Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Muhammad Mushtaq1, Muhammad Shuaib1*, Saqib Nawaz2, Mehboob Ali2, Faiz ur Rehman2, Abubakar Sufyan3, Usman Zeb4, Muhammad Ayaz5 and Muhammad Aamir Khan5
...rds in SN-3 group showed significantly larger zone of inhibition, increased feed intake, weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio compared to standard and control groups. Moreover, reduced (p<0.05) mortality and morbidity index was found in SN-3 group among all the treated groups. It was concluded, that use of serratiopeptidase combination with neomycin has better impact on broiler chickens to enhance the antimicrobial effect of Neomycin against E. co...

Muhammad Zahir Shah1,2 and Syed Basit Rasheed1,*

...tic variables, which was significant with temperature only. The high abundance of Phlebotomus sergenti support the endemicity of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the study area. Presence of species of subgenera Adlerius and Larusius suggest the possibility sporadic visceral leishmaniasis in the region.

...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Abou Bakar Siddique1*, M. Jahangir Shah1, Mumtaz Hussain1, Bashir Ahmad1, M. Bilal Zafar1, Maryam Hayat1, Shamsa Rasool1, Zainulabdeen1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza3, Malik Ibrar Yousaf2 and Usman Majeed1

...SL (Spike length) is non-significant and has negative effect with DFI (-0.1856), DF (0.2161), NTPP (0.6880), DM (-0.1100) and SYPP (0.5901). SYPP (Seed yield per plant) shows negative correlation with DFI (-0.4126), DF (-0.0489), and DM (-0.3370) and positive correlation with NTPP, NSPP, SL and PH. The mean DFI values differ across treatments, with C0 having the greatest mean (95.998) and IN2 is having the lowest mean (89.66). The F-Value (11.12) illustrates t...

A 90-day feeding trial was designated to evaluate how canola meal (CM)-based diet supplemented with phytase (PHY) and citric acid (CA) affects whole-body composition and hematological parameters in Cirrhinus mrigala and Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. Sixteen experimental diets (T1─T16) with varied CA (0 and 2.5%) and PHY (0 and 750 FTU/kg) levels were prepared. The fingerlings were fed at the rate of 5.0% of live fish body mass. Fifteen fish were randomly stocked into triplicate tanks for each of sixteen test diets. Significant (p<0.05) increase in crude protein (CP) and crude fat (CF) was noticed in fish fed T12 (2.5% CA and 750 FTU/kg PHY) diets. Comparison of treatments showed maximum values of RBCs (3.57×106 mm-3 and 3.18×106 mm-3), PLT (83.32 and 80.35), Hb (8.92g/100ml and 8.62g/100ml) and PCV (29.07% and 30.07%) in C. mrigala and C. carpio fingerlings, respectively, when fed with T12 diets. Conclusively, a 50% CM-based diet with 2.5% CA and 750 FTU/kg PHY supplementation, performed better in terms of whole-body composition and hematological parameters in C. mrigala and C. carpio fingerlings.

Hui-juan Yan1, Wei Wang2,*, Jian-qiu Yu1, Jun Yi2, Li-li Niu1, Hong-wei Chen1, Yu Qu1, Yang Pu 1, Ang Chen1, Yan Zhong1, Wei-gang Chen1 and Xing-ming Yu1

...erved species) of Z2 was significantly higher than that of Z3 (P < 0.05). The Shannon Index of Z1 was higher than that of Z2. At the genus level, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Ruminiclostridium_5 had higher abundance in Z2 compared with Z3, whereas other genera, such as Fibrobacter, Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group and Oscillibacter were enriched in Z3. In conclusion, our results reveal significant microbiota composition ...

Maqsood Jan1, Muhammad Zubair Anjum1*, Zahir Muhammad1, Misbah Farooq1, Muhammad Qayash Khan2 and Shamim Akhter1

...or the identification of significant differences within the treated groups by using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) computer software. After the 90 days of experimental trial the results revealed that probiotics treated groups had significantly (P < 0.05) better meat quality as compared to control. The best meat quality was observed in D4 in terms of crude protein, crude fat, ash content and total moist...

Tahani Ahmad Al-Matrafi1, Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh2, Mamdoh S. Moawadh2, Waheeb S. Aggad3, Rawabi Mohamed almuhimed4, Zamzam Alhuwaymil5, Aishah E Albalawi6, Ifat Alsharif7, Hailah M. Almohaimeed8, Fatima S. Alaryani9 and Mona H. Soliman10,11*

... levels, demonstrating a significant improvement compared to the elevated levels observed in the paracetamol control group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a reversal of hepatoarchitecture was recorded. The study highlights the pronounced hepatoprotective effects of T. dioica leaf extracts against paracetamol-induced toxicity in albino mice. The extracts not only successfully normalized liver function indicators and hepatic antioxidants but also exhibited a

Sushan Chowhan1,2*, Md. Moshiur Rahman3, Razia Sultana4,5, Md. Abdur Rouf6, Majharul Islam7 and Sharmin Ara Jannat8

...cultural sector has made significant strides in production and yield, ensuring food self-sufficiency through the adoption of advanced technologies and policy improvements. However, despite these progressions, the sector still faces considerable challenges, including climate change, land shortage, and ecosystem stresses. These pressing issues necessitate the implementation of robust agricultural policies and focused research and development (R and D) across the...

Deden Sudrajat*, Dewi Wahyuni, Burhanudin Malik, Dede Kardaya 

... leaf meal content had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the color of the egg yolk. Nevertheless, in terms of hedonic quality, the proportion of betel leaf meal content markedly (P < 0.05) influenced texture. Additionally, the inclusion of rations containing betel leaf extract substantially diminished the fishy odor of eggs. The color of the egg yolk, when supplemented with betel leaf meal, was preferred over that with betel leaf extract. Similarly, in ...

Endy Triyannanto1, Danung Nur Adli2, Diah Pratiwi3, Lukman Hakim3, Selma Noor Permadi3, Taufik Kurniawan3, Angga Maulana Firmansyah3, Lina Ivanti3, Dinar Suksmayu Saputri3, Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin4, Hari Hariadi5, Tri Ujilestari3, Teguh Wahyono3* 

...ected, gamma irradiation significantly increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide-oxygen value (POV) (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, total aerobic bacteria, coliform, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) decreased after irradiation treatment (p < 0.01). In conclusion, even though it can decontaminate pathogenic microbes, gamma irradiation can affect the texture, change color, increase oxidation parameters, and reduce the sensory parameters o...
Dian Septinova1*, Isnaini Nurfianti2, Denita Eptiana2, Khaira Nova1, Riyanti1
 
*Correspondence | Dian Septinova, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung; Email: [email protected]
...e results showed that T1 significantly (P<0.05) had lower salt content and saltiness compared to T0, but the other egg characteristic parameters were not significantly different (P>0.05). T2 significantly (P<0.05) had lower salt content, moisture content, yolk physical characteristics, saltiness, sandiness and oiliness compared to T0, but did not differ si...

Masoumeh Hosseynikhah 

... the wheat cultivars had significant differences in terms of growth response to different concentrations of sodium chloride, and it was the most tolerant to sodium salt stress and was used in the second part of the study. In the greenhouse experiment, it was cultivated in the hydroponic system under different levels of NaCl (20, 60 and 100 mmol/L) and silicon treatment (0, 2 and 4 mmol/L, final concentration in nutrient solution using potassium). Findings show...

Junaid Khan* and Muhammad Sajid

... its time of application significantly affected fruit firmness of guava fruit while TSS, ascorbic acid, TSS-acid ratio, reducing and non-reducing sugar was found non-significant. It is therefore concluded from results that optimum dose of urea as a source of nitrogen should be applied during the month of September at the rate of 150 kg ha-1 to guava fruit trees for better quality fruit production of winter season guava under...

Muhammad Ihsan Ullah2, Muhammad Hasnain1*, Muhmmad Luqman2, Hammad Hussnain2, Muhammad Tauseef2, Abrar Ahmad2, Muhammad Shahid2, Qaisar Abbas3, Mussurrat Hussain3, Ali Raza2, Muhammad Musadique Ahmad Khan4, Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5, Sajid Nadeem6

...ed insecticides caused a significant reduction in jassid, whitefly, and thrips even after first and second spray.

...

Muhammad Iqbal1*, Saba Iqbal1, Asmat Ullah2, Arbab Jahangeer1, Naveed Akhtar3, Tahira Tabassum3, Ali Zohaib3, Naveed Ramzan3

...and FYMM + WSM. Mulching significantly increased soil water contents (32%), hydraulic conductivity (5%) whereas reduced soil salt contents (67%) and bulk density (12%) compared to control especially where FYMM + WSM were applied. This treatment also gave higher values of soil organic matter (43%), total nitrogen (31%) and available phosphorous (62%) than control. Physiological parameters including stomatal conductance (14%), photosynthetic rate (50%), transpir...
Supardi Rusdiana1, Tatan Kostaman1*, Priyono Priyono2, Diana Andrianita Kusumaningrum1, Lisa Praharani1, Yeni Widiawati1, Agustin Herliatika1, Nurul Pratiwi1, Nurul Azizah1, Paul Ade Iji3
...early pandemic, but they significantly rebounded at the end of the pandemic. Nevertheless, the cost of broilers among farmers has experienced a significant decline of 6.34%, while the price of broiler meat at the consumer level declined by 3.9% during the early pandemic. The crucial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indonesian broiler production included disruption in supply chains, increased production cost, reduced broil...

Abdulaziz S. Alatawi*

...di Arabia and there is a significant lack of information about this species. All three detected wild carnivores are officially protected species in Saudi Arabia. It can be concluded that agricultural areas represent potential survival sites offering suitable conditions in a harsh desert ecosystem, especially under conditions of prey depletion and native habitat degradation. Further research is required to better understand how agricultural areas can be used to...
Nan Jiang1,2, Chaochao Luo3, Mingying Shao4, Ziping Zheng4, Qudrat Ullah6, Muhammad Zahoor Khan5,6*, Guangming Sun2, Dun-Zhu Luosang2, Rubina Mushtaq7, Yulin Ma5 and Wang-Dui Basang1,2*
...inhibition of RPL8 had a significant effect on triglyceride (TG) secretion, which also affected the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) pathway. Similarly, the intervention of SREBP1 revealed that RPL8 promoted TG secretion through the SREBP1 pathway. Additionally, the study found that over-expression or inhibition of RPL8 regulated the signaling activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which promoted the SREBP1 signal...
Nguyen Van Vui1*, Duong Hoang Oanh2, Nguyen Thi Kim Quyen1, Nguyen Thuy Linh1, Kim Nang1, Nhan Hoai Phong1
...here was a statistically significant difference in egg yolk color core between the Spirulina supplemented groups and the control group. Additionally, differences were observed between treatments in serum HDL and LDL levels. HDL levels increased and LDL levels decreased in the Spirulina supplemented groups as the concentration increased. Notably, the antioxidant capacity of the egg yolk increased with higher Spirulina concentrations (P<0.05). It was conclude...

Usman Ali*, Badat Muwakhid and Dewi Masyithoh

...oya bean meal with FCCSB significantly (P<0.05) improved production performance and feed digestibility in rabbits and had no significant effect on the cholesterol levels of rabbit meat. The optimal response was observed at the 30% substitution level of FCCSB.
 
Keywords | FCCSB, Fermentation, New Zealand white, Rabbit, Performance
...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Tina Rahmawati, Rio Ramanda, Muhtarudin Muhtarudin, Sri Suharyati 

...ndicate that there is no significant (P>0.05) difference in pH, consistency, color, and odor between natural vitamin E and synthetic vitamin E supplemented groups, and they do not significantly impact the motility, live spermatozoa, abnormalities, and semen concentration. However, there is a significant (P<0.05) difference in semen volume. The study concludes that inclusion of synthe...

Paulus Klau Tahuk*, Gerson Frans Bira, Wolfhardus Vinansius Feka 

...ncy. While there were no significant differences in dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) intake among treatments, significant variations (P<0.05) were observed in the intake of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), carbohydrates (CHO), and metabolizable energy (ME). OM intake in treatments T2 and T3 was higher than in T1; CP intake in treatment T3 was higher than in T1, but similar to T2. CF intake i...

Noor Nemia Hafed 

...rch show that there is a significant difference between sick and healthy children. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that children with vitamin B12 deficiencies, particularly young children, which is a significant issue that most children experience. Causes anemia, poor motor development, and severe nerve damage. This disease has been seen to spread in low-income countries where the majority of children are malnourished...

Real Datta1*, Md- Tariqul Islam2, Md. Afradul Islam3, Apurbo Kumar Mondal4, Tilak Chandra Nath1, Kazi Mehetazul Islam1, Jamal Uddin Bhuiyan1 

...onducted to identify the significant gastrointestinal (GIT) nematodes species affecting cattle and to ascertain the prevalence and associated risk factors of GIT nematodes in cattle in Sylhet district of Bangladesh. The investigation included the identification of nematode species, a questionnaire survey, and fecal testing. This study investigated the connections between various significant risk factors and the prevalence of...

Barkat Ali Jatoi1*, Amjad Hussain Mirani1, Abdul Latif Bhutto1, Ambreen Laghari2, Abdul Samad Magsi3, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi4, Aneela Sultan Jatoi5, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon6, Aarab Khan Lund7, Om Parkash1, Atif Ali Malak8 

...ract of Moringa oleifera significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the P. multocida growth by formation of inhibitory zone diameter 18.33, 15.33, 14.00, 13.00, 10.67 and 9.33mm at concentration level of 2.50, 2.00, 1.50, 1.00, 0.50 and 0.10mg/ml, respectively in contrast to that of Eucalyptus camaldulensis where the zone diameter was 13.00, 9.67, 9.33, 8.33 and 8.33mm at concentration 2.50, 2.00, 1.50, 1.00 and 0.50mg/ml, respectively. The average inhibition zone fo...

Md. Zahid Hossain1, Md. Mahfuzul Haque2, Md. Masud Parvej3, Hemayet Hossain3, Faija Sadia  Pory4, Dipsana K.C.5 and Md. Imranuzzaman5*

...ercentages displayed not significant (p<0.05) among three groups. In addition, age of cow and variety of breed are also representing statistically significance (p<0.05) difference among the others as well as interrupted NRR. As the consistent growing livestock economy is grossly dependent on the success rate of AI, the Government should take much more research works to improve the non-return rate. Except for percentages of semen, this experiment conclude...

Byamungu Mayange Tomple1*, Ik-Hwan Jo2, Rajaraman Bharanidharan1, Seun-Gun Won2 and Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid3*

...ertilization level had a significant diminishing effect on acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, concurrently escalating neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content. Notably, the manure fertilization levels of 200 and 250 kg N/ha exhibited the highest total digestible nutrient (TDN) content. The temporal progression of kenaf growth was characterized by increasing height, while no statistically significant differences were detected i...

Sairah Syed1, Rafia Urooj Saman1, Ayesha Manzoor1, Muhammad Arsalan1, Abdul Latif1*, Madeeha Khan1, Rehmat Ullah2, Muhamad Bilal2, Rizwan Latif3, Ejaz Ahmad4, Muhammad Amjad1, Muhammad Aslam5, Sair Sarwar6, Sabir Hussain Shah7 and Amaima Masood8

...vegetable plants behaved significantly and depicted maximum yield as compared to T0. Whereas, T5 and T6 showed a gradual decline in the growth and yield of spinach, peas, and radish as compared to T4. The results of this experiment suggest that 1.5 tonns of VC per hectare of land is best suitable for vegetable production in clay loam soils of district Chakwal.

...

Mohammed Nasir Uddin1, Maimona Monir Jhilam1, Most Zannatun Nahar Mukta1, Zujaja Wahaj2, Mohammad Maruf Hasan1* and Samiha Khan3

...entify factors that made significant impacts on the livelihood changes of wetland farmers. The findings indicated that 64% of the farmers had a moderate change in their livelihood while about 36% had high changes. None of the farmers reported low changes in their livelihoods due to the practice of crop interventions. Among the selected characteristics of the farmers, level of education, annual family income, organizational participation, and media contact were...

Jamal Abdul Nasir1, Naila Chand1, Abdul Hafeez1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2*

...ke. However, there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in weight gain observed in the PO-3 group, accompanied by a considerably lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the same group. No instances of mortality were recorded in either the control or experimental groups. Nevertheless, there was a noteworthy improvement in dressing percentage observed in the PO-3 group. Additionally, the antibody titers against NDV, IBV, and IBDV were sig...

Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1, Tarek Al-Shaheen1, Mohammed Al-Saiady2 and Ahmed El-Waziry3

...r among groups. Flaxseed significantly (P<0.05) increased milk yield, fat corrected milk and energy corrected milk if compared to other groups. Milk fat (%) decreased significantly (P˂0.05), while saturated short-chain (C12:C15) and long-chain (C17:C20) fatty acids were higher (P˂0.05) in Salmate and extruded flaxseed groups. Moreover, the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 was the lowest in flaxseed group (3.76) compared to cont...

Catur Suci Purwati1, Chusnul Hanim2*, Lies Mira Yusiati2, Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto3

...head/day, but it was not significantly different from other treatments. Cinnamon powder added at 30 g/kg feed DM reduced protein in faeces, which protected feed protein and had no negative effects on protein consumption, amount of digestible protein, protein urine, protein retention, BV, NNU, Glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, BUN, and phosphate.
 
Keywords | Blood profile, Cinnamon powder, Etawa crossbreed goats, Protein p...

Rijanto Hutasoit1,3, Edison Purba2*, Simon Petrus Ginting3, Nevy Diana Hanafi2

...showed that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the M2 I. zollingeriana generations in terms of quantity and quality. Numerically, 300 Gy treatment produced the most dry matter production (11.08 t ha-1 y-1). When compared with those that are not irradiated, the impact of radiation can result in an increase in dry matter yield of 1.2 t ha-1 y-1. The highest crude protein content (26%) was seen in the 300 Gy treatment. The digestibility of ...

Hazrat Younas1,*, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai1, Amjad Ali1 and Rizwan Ahmad2

...monstrated statistically significant, while urea, DAP, and irrigation were statistically insignificant. Moreover, the study identified experience as a significant contributor to inefficiency factors affecting farmers’ technical efficiency. The research also shed light on the cost disparities between vertical and linear staking methods, with former incurring a production cost of Rs. 6...

Islam S Alani*, Huda Sadoon Al-Biaty

...%), with a statistically significant difference (P≤0.01). Additionally, PN expression was shown to be significantly higher in the advanced age group (10–15 years), with a 100% expression rate. Furthermore, there was a significant variation in periostin expression among different breeds (P≤0.05). The statistical analysis indicates that there is no signif...

Waqas Ahmad Shams1*, Gauhar Rehman2, Muhammad Ismail3, Rahmul Kabir4 and Abdul Qahar1

...The results demonstrated significant antioxidant activity across different extracts in different in vitro assays. Particularly, the aqueous extract exhibited potent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity compared to other extracts. Similarly, the aqueous extract displayed high anti-OH* activity in the H2O2 assay. In contrast, the ethanolic extract showed superior antioxidant potential in the ferric cyanide (Fe3+) reducing assay compa...

Qais Abdulrahman M. Al-Jaghifi, Zina Saab Khudhir* 

...om frozen meat decreased significantly more when treated with 2% chitosan at refrigeration temperature compared to ambient temperature. The antibacterial activity was also evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition (mm). Results indicated that 2% chitosan was significantly effective (P≤0.05), showing the highest zone of inhibition (38 mm) against MRSA. In conclusion, the application of chitosan as a natural food-grade ...

Ali Nawaz*, Qazi Bilal Ahmed, Anwar Ali, Nowsherwan Zarif, Faizan Ahmad and Asim Karim 

...ical Observatory reveals significant trends in these variables. The findings indicate an upward trajectory in both maximum and minimum temperatures, with rates of 0.6°C per decade for maximum temperature and 0.4°C per decade for minimum temperature. Conversely, relative humidity displays a declining trend of 2.83% per decade, while annual rainfall demonstrates a notable decrease of 63.2 mm per decade. These trends underscore the dynamic nature of clima...

Razaq Animashahun1, Funmilayo Okeniyi1, Olayinka Alabi1, Samuel Olawoye1, Precious Oluwafemi1, Princess Odhe1, Oluwatola Akintola1, Adedeji Animashahun2

... The results indicated a significant impact (p < 0.05) on the growth performance due to the addition of these leaf meals. The highest weight gain (2.95 kg) was observed in treatments 1 and 4, while the least feed conversion ratio (5.63) was noted in treatment 4. Although the carcass indices were not influenced (p > 0.05) by the leaf meals, there was a significant (p < 0.05) effect on visceral organs. The general acc...

Desak Putu Mas Ari Candrawati*, I Gede Mahardika, I Gusti Nyoman Gde Bidura, Ni Wayan Siti

...tion of 0.2% PPS in feed significantly (P<0.05) increased feed efficiency by 3.77% and reduced cholesterol in serum by 24.79% compared to the control. Administration of 0.6% PPS significantly (P<0.05) reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, while 0.2% PPS (P<0.05) reduced total cholesterol. Coliform and E.coli bacteria populations in broilers intestines had no significantly ...

Mohammed Abdulameer Rashid Al-Sarray1, Hasanain Jihad Neamah2*, Sarah Gatea Fayyadh AL-Omairi1

.... The pH level increased significantly in the group O2 compared with other groups. We investigated the MDA level by thiobarbituric acid reaction (TBAR) methods, however, 2, 2 – Diphenyl - 1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to estimate the TAC of seminal plasma depending on the absorbance. The P1, P2, O1, and O2 groups recorded a highly significant (P≤0.01) decrease in seminal MDA level. The P1, P2, O1, and O2 groups ...

Sana Nawaz1, Shahzor Gul Khaskheli1*, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1, Inayatullah Rajper2, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh3, Ashfaque Ahmed Khaskheli1 and Shaista Soomro1

...ioactive compounds, with significant implications for various industries and applications. Common and unconventional manufacturing processes for FV waste utilization are discussed, emphasizing the importance of adopting new technologies to achieve high recovery rates of substances that are bioactive. These extracted compounds hold potential applications in food, medicine, cosmetics, chemistry, and functional foods. Fruits and vegetables are highly valuable hor...

Abdul Mannan1*, Naveed Iqbal1, Randhawa1, Abdul Hanan1 and Abdul Qadeer1

... biological control plot significantly decrease borers infestation as contrast to the less tricho gramma card used. It is very cheap and fully control as well as co-friendly, no effect on the crop stress as compared to the pesticides application. To increase the quality about 0.2-0.5 in sugarcane recovery and more than 150 -200 mound per acre increases due to application of trichogramma cards. Whole minimum to high amount of trichogramma cards T3 600000 parasi...
Muhammad Ambar Islahuddin1, Yuli Retnani2*, Despal2
...evels. Results indicated significant (p<0.05) effects of molasses viscosity and binders on wafer supplement quality. Molasses with 6400 mPas-1. Viscosity and pollard binders exhibited superior WDI (80.14%), MC, and aw values. In vitro tests demonstrated significant (p<0.05) impacts on fermentability and digestibility in dairy cows, showing potential for increased values by 2.77% initially, followed by a decline due to ...
Saadeya Ali Lefelef Al-Gnami1, Fatima Ibrahim Mohammad2, Huda Jassim Mohammed Al-Helali3
...le these parameters were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in T3 group that drenched with dexamethasone. T4 and T5 exposed a substantial rise(p<0.05) in all these blood parameters when compared to T3. Exa-mination of liver tissue in control , T1 and T2 exposed normal tissue appearance. T3 exposed the normal radial arrangements of hepatocyte with a trifling infiltration of inflammatory cells and multiplying in kuffer cells. T4 and T5 revealed normal appear...

Ria Dewi Andriani1, Lilik Eka Radiati1, Teti Estiasih2*

...O in dairy creamer had a significant effect (p<0.05) on moisture content, emulsifying activity index (EAI), emulsion stability index (ESI), and solubility, which increased from HGSVO concentration of 0.20% to 0.40%, but decreased at 0.60%. Meanwhile, increasing HGSVO concentration decreased the particle size. This study did not include the sensory analysis and consumer acceptance as a new developed dairy creamer stabilized with HGSVO. Consumer acceptance is...
Ilker Ugulu1*, Zafar Iqbal Khan2, Kafeel Ahmad2, Humayun Bashir2
Naunain Mehmood3, Asma Zafar2 and Muhammad Sohail2
...ed heavy metals differed significantly with different seasonal periods. The mean Fe, Co, Mn and Se values in blood plasma samples of 4 years (Cohort-8), 3 years (Cohort-9) and 2 years (Cohort-10) cohorts were 1.34, 0.18, 0.026 and 0.019 mg/L; 1.23, 0.17, 0.026 and 0.015 mg/L and 1.19, 0.15, 0.029 and 0.015 mg/L, respectively. No statistically significant changes were observed for heavy metal concentrations in plasma samples ...

Ying Zhong1,3,4, Jingni Chen1, Chunping Huang1, Huaiyuan Jin1, Jinlu Huang1, Lining Zhao1, Yi Geng3, Guiping Wang1,4 and Xueqiao Qian1,2*

...:KUT to L. vannamei were significantly higher than those of the other serotypes. The three V. parahaemolyticus strains had the same growth characteristics, and they all entered the growth plateau at 4 h after inoculation. In addition, the pathogenicity of the three V. parahaemolyticus strains were similar. In the present study, V. parahaemolyticus was identified as one of the pathogenic bacteria causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis of L. vannamei, and the O...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and 
Amal M. Abd El Raof2
... (LSD) is among the most significant poxvirus diseases that affect livestock, with high morbidity but low mortality. The disease spreads in various climatic zones, including Africa, Asia, and Europe, causing substantial economic losses in the animal industry. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological state and risk factors for LSD virus (LSDV) in the six governorates of Egypt (Al-Menia, Alwady ALgaded, Al-Bhera, Al-Dakahlia, Al-Menofia, and Al-Sharqi...
Ayub Khawar1, Noor Khan1*, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Mahroze Fatima1, Fayyaz Rasool3, Khalid Mahmood Anjum4, Hamda Azmat1, Shahid Sherzada1, Anjum Khalique5, Sadia Nazir1, Sheeza Bano1, Sakhawat Ali6 and Muhammad Asghar1
...cane bagasse (T3) showed significantly (P<0.05) higher growth as compared to T2, T1 and CTRL. The feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate were also significantly higher in T3 fish group, followed by the T2, T1 and CTRL groups. Proximate analysis of fish showed that the level of crude protein was higher significantly in T2 fish than other groups and crude fat level was

Sher Afgan1, Muhammad Asif2, Iqra Yaqoob3, Muhammad Latif4, Zureesha Sajid2, Kainat Akram3, Ghulam Mujtaba5, Manzoor Hussain6, Muhammad Farooq1, Mourad Ben Said7,8* and Furhan Iqbal3*

...ons with GATM1 and T1. A significant association of absence of GSTT1 and heterozygous genotype (AG) at rs1695 in GSTP1 was found to be associated with RA in the present study. Subjects whose age varied between 41 and 55 years and women suffered more from RA.  It is concluded that polymorphisms in GSTs may disturb the protection provided by them against oxidative stress which may influence disease progression in RA.

...

Mukondwa Olivia1, Rugare Joyful Tatenda1, Mabasa Stanford1 and Mandumbu Ronald2*

... showed that there was a significant (P < 0.01) effect of sorghum and pearl millet cultivars on germination / emergence and dry weight of goose grass and blackjack. It was established that sorghum and pearl millet cultivars has no significant (P > 0.05) effect on germination of upright starbur and pearl millet landrace. However upright starbur dry weight was significant affected by s...

Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1*, Muhammad Sikander Hayyat, Muhammad Zeshan Maajid, Mubashar Nadeem and Amjed Ali

...uced its plant height. A significant reduction in wheat growth and yield was recorded by increasing C. arvensis density. Wheat plant height, number of productive tillers, spike length and grain yield showed a significant decline at and beyond C. arvensis density of 8 plants per m2. Whereas number of grain spike-1 and 1000-grain weight of wheat were prone to substantial reduction at and above 4 and 12 C. arvensis plants m-2, ...

Umm-e-Kulsoom1, Saima Hashim2, Fazli Wahid3, Haseena Gulzar4 and Tamana Bakht5

...ogens or insect that can significantly affect the potato while presence of weeds is a major concern for the potato growers. As per our documentation survey, Amaranthus viridis and Chenopodum album were found as major weeds infesting potato fields. At maturity, the seeds of these weeds were collected and the major trees that were found on the sides of nearly all potato fields were identified as Juglans sp, Cedrus sp, and Pinus sp. The bark, stem and leaves of t...

Rafaqat Hussain Shah1, Mohammad Safdar Baloch1*, Muhammad Zubair2, Khalid Naveed3, Muhammad Amjad Nadim1 and Aminullah Khan4

...le concentrations showed significant effects over tap water treatment in almost all the parameters, however, germination and seedling vigour of wheat were gradually suppressed as the concentration of extract increased. It was concluded that 40% concentration of leaf aqueous solution was found most effective, which is evident that mesquite must be uprooted prior to the cultivation of any economically important crop.

...

Gul Hassan, Anees Amin, Haroon ur Rashid, Naqib Ullah Khan and Hussain Ali1

...wo experiments were non- significant, the data were pooled before subjecting it to ANOVA and mean separation. The statistical analyses of data exhibited significant differences for fertilizer treatments for all the parameters studied and the differences between maize and sorghum were also significant for all the parameters studied except fresh biomass, whereas the interaction was

Zuyang Zhou1, Xi He2, Yufang Liu1, Qiuling Li3, Pingqing Wang2, Yongfu An4, Ran Di1, Yuze Yang5 and Mingxing Chu1*

...mozygous genotype AA was significantly higher than the other genotypes. The polymorphism information content (PIC) analysis showed that g.17924G>A in the cows population belonged to the intermediate polymorphism level. The results preliminarily indicated that g.17924 G>A of FASN gene is a potential genetic marker for application of marker-assisted selection programmers to improve milk fat percentage in Chinese dairy cattle.

...

Uzma Zafar1*, Zaima Ali1, Ambreen Tauseef2 and Saba Khaliq3

...m adiponectin was higher significantly in the wild genotype (CC) of -11377 C>G in cases and controls. Serum adiponectin correlated inversely with blood pressure, waist circumference and fasting serum glucose; and it exhibited positive correlation with serum high density lipoproteins in the controls while no significant relation was found in the cases. The major “GG’’ variant of adiponectin +276 G>T wa...
Adyasha Sahu1*, V. K. Venkataramani1, Natarajan Jayakumar1
Durairaja Ramulu1, Preetysh Nanda Patnaik1 and Sudhan Chandran2
...and CWW were found to be significant between all the selected species at 1% level (P > 0.01). The Relative Condition factor (Kn) showed wide variations among these four species between CLWR and CWWR. This study presents the first reference on CLWR and CWWR for these species from the Gulf of Mannar. In addition, it also reports CLWR and CWWR for P. gladiator for the first time and for C. natator for which only limited information is available.

...

Taqwa Safdar, Khalid Abbas*, Muhammad Sarfraz Ahmed, Hina Amjad, Sumra Naz and Jamal Kazam

...tion combinations showed significant deviation (p<0.05) from HWE. The AMOVA indicated that most of the variation lied within individuals in populations of H. molitrix. Based on Nei’s genetic distance, UPGMA dendrogram was constructed that resulted in two clusters: one cluster consisted of JB and CB while other consisted of GG, GB and TB. The findings of this research will be useful for restoring, conservation and monitoring the natural aquatic fish sp...

Huzaifa Hammad1, Bakhtiar Gul1, Haroon Khan1, Muhammad Fawad1*, Hafizullah2, Haidar Ali3 and Tamana Bakht4

... of cowpea and mung-bean significantly improved growth and yield attributes of maize crop. Whereas, the cost-benefit analyses revealed that hand weeding and watermelon mulch were the most economical. However, for sustainable maize cultivation integration of hand-weeding and legume mulches is the best choice.

...
Safaa Sabbar Atiyah1*, Ali Abdullah Zuairi Al-Sadoon2, Shifaa Kadhum Jieish2
...ours. The results show a significant effect (P≤0.01) of AEAV on sperm motility, abnormal sperm percentage, dead sperm percentage, and membrane integrity. The overall means were 51.11 %, 65.55 %, and 60.55%, for motility, 4.00 %, 4.33 %, and 1.5%, for abnormal sperm, 19.80 %, 17.64 %, and 19.33%, for dead sperm, and 74.25%, 78.63%, and 78.33%, for membrane integrity, respectively, for T1, T2, and T3. No significant differe...
Never Assan1,2, Michael Musasira3, Maphios Mpofu3, Nicholas Mwayera4, Kwena Mokoena5, Thobela Louis Tyasi5
...eart girth (HG) showed a significant correlation (r = 0.68) (p<0.05) at I2 stage. Simple regression models demonstrated good predictive power on BWT at the FM stage for HG (R2 = 74%), BL (R2 = 65%), and WT (R2 = 53%) (p<0.05). The predictive power of multiple regression models for I3 was slightly reduced when non-significant components were removed. The findings suggest that HG is the best predictor of BWT during the I...
Sohaila Fathi El-Hawary1, Nermeen M.L. Malak2, Reda A. Gomaa3, Hesham Z. Tawfeuk3, Suzan Ismail4, Nady Khairy Elbarbary5*
...i>Vibrio species are significant pathogenic bacteria found in fish that induce gastroenteritis, a major public health issue. The present research investigated the occurrence, virulence gene detection, antibiotic resistance profile, and the antibacterial influence of lemon juice and pomegranate peel extract on V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus. Samples were 150 fish (30 of each Nile tilapia, Nile perch, sardine, Mugil cephalus, and Sea bass)...

Essa D Alhtheal1*, Sufian S Salman2, Salah M AL-Kubaisi3

...red blood cells revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) between the negative control group and the other groups, where the myeloid cells to nucleated red blood cells after induction of aplastic anemia in adult male dogs decreased from 2 on day 0 to 0.61 On day 15 for the positive control group, from 2.13 to 0.8 for the first group, and from 2.1 to 0.3 for the second group and from 2 to 1.07 for the third group and in the induction stage before giving it...

Ibrahim Ali1,2, Hanan Mohamed Fathy Abdien1*, Wael Kamel Elfeil1, Mohsen Mohamed Zaky ElDemerdash1, Mohamed Ali Zain El-Abideen2,3, Walid Hamdy Kilany2,3

...tively. ISA70/IM G5 also significantly enhanced mucosal immune responses (IgA level) post-challenge. In contrast, groups receiving intranasal vaccine (G1 and G3) showed unacceptable humeral immune response with protection rates of 45% and 15%, respectively. IMS1313 (G4) provided 0% protection accompanied with substantial increase in IL-6, IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels post-challenge, indicative of acute infection.  We conclude that the vaccine adjuva...

Ahmed J. Jaafer1*, Alaa K. Jassim1, Nidhal A. Hashim2 

...er. The results showed a significant increase in cholesterol levels in the case group compared to the control group with a normal body mass index. While cholesterol and LDL levels increased in the case group of overweight women. While the results showed a significant increase in cholesterol, HDL and DL levels in the obese case group. While insulin, fasting sugar, and HBA1c levels increased in all condition groups depending o...

Muhammad Farooq* and Sanam Zarif

...an, invasive plants have significant negative effects on ecosystems and local flora displacement. For instance, the allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis have adversely affected the growth of grass and bushes in the Malakand highlands. In order to stop invasive species from spreading, many management techniques are used. These consist of chemical control with herbicides such as glyphosate, mechanical removal, and organic pesticides. The use of biolo...

Saima Naz1*, Moazama Batool2*, Qurat Ul Ain2, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha3, Sheeza Bano2, Sadia Nazir4, Ghulam Abbas5 and Unab Zahra1

...especially as they are a significant source of protein and easily accessible. The current study focuses on histopathological alterations, nuclear changes in erythrocytes, and DNA damage in fish brain after exposure to Malathion at environmentally relevant concentrations. The research aimed to assess the potential toxicity of Malathion on fish health, utilizing histological examinations and genetic toxicity assessments through micronuclei and Comet assays. Fres...

Mohammad Wasiullah Khan* and Abdur Rab

...al treatments result was significant for all studied growth attributes when compared with control. Zn at the rate of 1.1 kg ha-1applied 15 days after fruit set increased leaf protein content (6.53 %), the total number of fruits plant-1 (916). Among application stages, Zn sprayed 15 days after fruit set increased leaf protein content (6.70 %), total number of fruits plant-1 (932). Various attributes studied for storage duration of plum fruit were

Abdel Fattah A. Khalaf1, Karam T. Hussein1, Shehta A. Ali2, Doaa K. Barakat2*, Mohamed I. Gad1

...ifespan of C. carnea was significantly reduced by all treatments compared to the control group (41.34 days).Fixed oils and ethanolic extracts affected the levels of total protein, fat, and total body carbohydrate. The obtained results concluded that the two fixed oils (Croton tiglum and Simmondsia chinensis) and the two ethanolic extracts (Urtica dioica and Hyoscyamus muticus) can be used as safe alternatives to the chemical insecticides. 
&nb...

Israa M. Essa*, Ghazi Y. Azzal, Alaa Tariq Abdulwahid

...ile flukes were observed significantly (79.31%) when compared to adults (20.69%). Based on morphology, all adult flukes were diagnosed as Fasciola. Accordingly, positive rate, risk and Odd ratio of fasciolosis were reported significantly in sheep of larger than 3 years than those of larger than 2-3 years, 1-2 years and sheep of less than 1 year. Concerning sex, no variation was detected between female (9.02%) and male (5.26%...

Roy Sukbir Singh1, Jekson Martiar Siahaan2,3*, Endy Juli Anto4, Syafruddin Ilyas5, Putri Eyanoer6, Hendrika Andriani7,8

... Aloe vera extract had a significant effect improving their lipid profiles, and reducing MDA activity and inflammation (P < 0.05) with significance measured using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s Multiple Comparison Test. Hence, the ethanolic extract of Aloe vera has demonstrated efficacy as a hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory agent.
 
Keywords | Aloe vera, Anti-inflammatory, Lipid, In Vivo, In Silico
...

Muhammad Luthfi Hidayat, Istna Mangisah, Lilik Krismiyanto, Vitus Dwi Yunianto*

...o. However, there was no significant effect (p >0.05) on ration feed consumption. In conclusion, the administration of ESCLP improved the performance, small intestine bacterial balance, protein digestibility, and immune system of broiler chickens.
 
Keywords | Antioxidant, Broiler growth, Intestial microbial, Probiotic, Phytobiotic
...

Doni Supadil1, Sri Melia2*, Indri Juliyarsi2

...nt. The results showed a significant effect (P<0.05) of sweet potato type and flour percentage on increasing total lactic acid bacteria, decreasing pH value, increasing acidity, and antioxidant activity. The optimal treatment was fermented milk with 6% purple sweet potato flour, yielding 117.67 x 109 CFU/ml of lactic acid bacteria, a pH value of 3.75, titratable acidity of 1.40%, and antioxidant activity of 78.90%. This study suggests that fermented milk wi...

Noor Nemia Hafed 

... development, which is a significant issue that most children experience. As there is a strong correlation between them, it also causes anemia, poor motor development, and severe nerve damage. This disease has been seen to spread in low-income countries where the majority of children are malnourished and vitamin B12 is required to create red blood cells and participate in the synthesis of RNA that is deficient. 

...

Bunga Rimta Barus1, Masfria Masfria2*, Aminah Dalimunthe3, Sovia Lenny4

...r leaf extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with the 5% concentration showing the largest zone of inhibition (11.20 ± 0.30 mm). Histological analysis revealed that the 5% gel concentration significantly enhanced epidermal thickness (52,407.77 ± 1.34 nm) and promoted angiogenesis (26.33 ± 0.31) in the wound area. These results indicate that the 5% ethyl aceta...

Ririn Siti Rahmatillah1*, Diky Ramdani1, Iman Hernaman2, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Yulianri Rizki Yanza2

... urea levels. However, a significant reduction in blood glucose levels was observed (P = 0.002). A sub-group analysis showed that spent tea leaves supplementation affected the DMI (P=0.004) and ADFD (P = 0.032). In contrast, tea extract influenced blood glucose (mg/dl, P < 0.001) and blood urea (mg/dl, P < 0.001) levels. Based on the results, the tea can reduce glucose absorption in the intestines and further affect urea synthesis in the liver.

Ali Abd Kadhum  

...isolates showed a “significant” change in resistance to antibiotics, as the isolates showed the bacterial species Staphulococcu aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Moraxilla catarrhalis, and Klebsiella pneumonia resistance (100%) to the antibiotic Amoxycillin. While isolates of the bacterial species Staphulococcu aureu, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus vulgaris showed resistance (100%)...

Edy Rianto1, Nadlirotun Luthfi2*, Retno Adiwinarti1, Agung Purnomoadi1

...f T1 and T2 did not have significant difference in FCR (averaged 8.21). There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of feeding levels on body composition. However, the body composition changed as the body weight increased (P<0.01). The higher the body weight, the lower the body water content and the higher the body fat content, while body protein content was relatively constant from 11 to 25 kg body weight. The average of...

Mohammed Haider Asker1*, Yahya Fawzi Hashim2, Huda Hamid Mohsen3

...ardiotoxicity presents a significant concern in clinical practices, necessitating exploration of potential protective therapeutic agents against cardiotoxicity. This study investigates the cardioprotective efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) against nitrofurantoin-induced cardiac damage. For this purpose, rabbits were categorized into four groups: control group was mock-treated with distal water only (G1), another group was treated with nitrofurantoin alone (G2),...

Saima Maher1*, Salma javed2*, Gul mina1, Rizwana Salam1, Farah Mukhttar1, Noureen Khan3 and Fakhra Batool3 

...e plant extracts possess significant potential as nematicidal agents based on their phytochemical composition and demonstrated activity against nematodes. The effectiveness of medicinal plant extracts against M. incognita, the research also emphasizes the need for further investigations to isolate active components, optimize concentrations, and develop practical application methods for field use. The research emphasizes the need for further investigations to i...

Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi1, Majeed Ajafar2, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory2 * 

..., and G5 groups showed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in IgG antibody titers throughout the entire experimental period. Moreover, all manganese treatments significantly improved (P ≤ 0.05) AST enzyme levels, while the G3, G4, and G5 groups showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvements in ALT enzyme levels. Hens in G1 and G2 had significantly (P ...

Wazir Ahmed1*, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2, Muhammad Waseem Akhtar3, Muhammad Nauman Hanif1, Aiman Salah ud Din4 and Ahmad Mahmood1

...ults indicated that CaC2 significantly induced 100% early seed germination, with significant improvements in post-germination variables. CaC2 applied at 14 mg petri-plate-1 was found to be an optimum dose for regulating seed dormancy and post-germination growth positively. However, CaC2 >16 mg petri-plate-1 proved lethal and suppressed the germination or growth of the seedlings. Compared to control treatment, improvements...

Auras Muhi Taha*, Ibrahim Ahmed Ibrahim, Hassanein Abduladeem, Mohammed Qais Yassen, Omaima Khalid Ahmed and Tabark Najim Abdul-Allah

... drought periods, and he significant differences between drought level rates over 35 years. This study indicated a decrease in SAVI values over thirty-five years, i.e., the absence of a large portion of vegetation cover in favor of fallow soils. The regression coefficient also showed a substantial negative relationship between drought conditions and SAVI, where R2 = 0.855. The drought led to the transformation of 64.88% of the study area into urban areas, in a...

Dalia M.A. Elmasry1*, Dalia M. El-Husseini1, Asmaa A. Eissa1, Zakaria R. Elkanawati2, Momtaz A. Shahein3, Amany Adel4

..., among ailments, pose a significant danger to the health and well-being of honeybees, causing beekeepers to be concerned about economic losses. One hundred samples has been collected from bee colony farms had bees loss 20% or more during 2021-2022 from some Egyptian governorates. The samples have been prepared and suspected viruses detection for Sacbrood virus (SBV), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Lake Sinai Viruses (L...

Nadlirotun Luthfi1, Edy Rianto2*, Endang Purbowati2, Christina Maria Sri Lestari2, Agung Purnomoadi2, Nurul Mukminah3 

...cretion. The study found significant differences in nutrient intake between age and feeding level treatments (p<0.05). Volatile fatty acids (VFA) levels were similar at 0 hours before feeding (p>0.05) for both age and feeding level treatments, but significantly differed at 3 and 6 hours after feeding among feeding levels. Rumen ammonia levels were similar across age groups (p>0.05) but signi...
Namaat R Abdulla1*, Abdullah FA2, Ali Abd Kadhum3, Ghanyem HS4, Noor R Abdulla5
...ered to be statistically significant (p >0.05). The highest prevalence of slight (38%) and severe (31.4 %) SCM reactions are observed in ewes and cows respectively. PCR Detection of NTM 16S rRNA in milk samples indicaecal saated that the higher prevalence (22%) of SCM was observed in ewes followed by prevalence of SCM in cows (6%). The difference between this two prevalence was considered to be statistically significant (...

Idrissi Ouedrhiri Housna1, Bikri Samir1,2*, Benloughmari Douae1, Aboussaleh Youssef1

...er, the combined therapy significantly improved depression-related behaviors in this mouse model (P<0.001). These findings suggest that the combination of MEL and MET could be promising as a potential antioxidant supplement for patients with T2DM. By mitigating oxidative stress and metabolic disorders, this combination could improve disease management and the quality of life for patients.
 
Keywords | Diabetes, Melatonin, Oxidat...

Muhammad Ariana Setiawan1, Ujang Hidayat Tanuwiria2*, Andi Mushawwir2

...FC in the ration gave no significant effect (P>0.05) on total gas production, maximum gas production, and methane gas production. However, it had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the cumulative gas production rate. The conclusion of this study is that the balance of RDP:NFC in cattle ration is a more important factor in feed formulation.
 
Keywords | Rumen degradable protein, Non-fiber carb...

Dwi Walid Retnawati1,2, Mohamad Agus Setiadi 3*, Iman Supriatna 3, Ligaya Ita Tumbelaka3

...m in RP and NRP were not significantly different (7.76  Vs 7.78  g/dl) then at ± 1 week prepartum  was a decrease in RP (7.72 g/dl)  while In the NRP  was  increase (9.00g/dl) significantly. In the other side, BUN concentrations at ±3 weeks prepartum in RP and NRP were not significantly different (12.79 vs 13.20 mg/dl), however at ±1 week ...

Adsadawut Sanannam1, Worawatt Hanthongkul2, Yu-Jing Liao3, Kunlayaphat Wuthijaree4, Pattaraporn Tatsapong4, Amornrat Wanangkarn4,5, Anurak Khieokhajonkhet4,5, Niran Aeksiri4,5, Sureeporn Saengwong6, Wilasinee Inyawilert4,5*

...re. Pregnant pigs showed significantly higher levels of MMP-9 compared to non-pregnant pigs (p≤0.05). While the level of MMP-2 expression was greater in pregnant pigs, there was no statistically significant differences in MMP-2 levels seen between pregnant and non-pregnant pigs (p≥0.05). Thus, vaginal cytology is a direct and efficient technique for detecting pregnancy in pigs. Furthermore, further investigation is nec...
Niaz Hussain1, Muneer Abbas1*, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Aslam1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Khalid Hussain2, Muahammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Irshad1, Zubeda Parveen1, Fiaz Hussain3 and Azhar Mahmood Aulakh4
...roduction is expected to significantly enhance the sustainability and profitability of chickpea cultivation.
...

Bilal Ahmed1, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari1*, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1 and Asep Setiaji1 

...cularly enteric methane, significantly contribute to global warming. As concerns about climate change intensify, the livestock sector, especially dairy and beef cattle, is under scrutiny for its substantial role in greenhouse gas emissions. The need for higher productivity has resulted in use of natural fermentation agents like Saccharomyces cerevisiae that can be methanogenic. The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been under question for it’s possible...
Plinio Vargas Zambrano1*, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Julio Ibarra Arteaga4, Camilo Chávez Ceballos4 and Ramona Párraga Alava1
...ermined that there was a significant difference in the useful life of the product with respect to fungi, yeasts and mesophiles. In conclusion, results showed that the inclusion of 3ml, 5ml and 7ml of extract prolonged the shelf life without the presence of Coliforms and E. coli, reaching a durability of 21 days, however, at a higher concentration of garlic, acceptance decreased. The most widely accepted products in terms of color, odor, flavor, texture ...
Damat Damat1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Shazma Anwar3, Mohammed Ali Wedyan4
Zane Vincevica-Gaile5, Yogo Adhi Nugroho2, Tony Liwang2, Thontowi Djauhari Nur Subchi1*, 
Ahmad Fauzi1, Hanif Alamudin Manshur1, Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Vritta Amroini Wahyudi1
Yolla Muvika Ananda1 and Hemalia Agustin Rachmawati1
...nd sugar contents were insignificantly different. Regarding dietary fiber content, it is slightly lower in Mengani CP, while crude lipid content is significantly lower than in La Boitê. It is, therefore, conclusive that Mengani CP is viable for CCF production serving as a functional food and improving circular economy.
...
Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker1*,Nuratiqah Emran1, Nurul Elyni Mat Shaari1, Arba Aleem2, Zanariah Mohd Nor1 and Ali Majrashi3
...> concentration led to a significant decrease in the length of root and shoot of germinated seedlings significantly. The seedling’s growth of Pak Choi was inhibited three days after germination, and the seedling’s height (root and shoot) in higher concentrations of CdCl2 was lower than lower doses of Cd. Chlorosis symptoms in the leaf were visible in hydroponic Pak Choi containing Cd. The growth of Cd-...

Kremlin Mark B. Ampode1,2,3*, Ramanathan Solaiyappan1, Baskaralingam Vaseeharan1 

...resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge to animal health. One promising strategy to address this issue is the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) synthesized from probiotics like Bacillus subtilis. This study explored the potential effects of ZnONPs synthesized using Bacillus subtilis on the performance, antioxidant activity, and neurotoxicity of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). A total of 96 fish were divided into four groups: T1 (Control), T2 (...

Rafika Febriani Putri1, Chairdin Dwi Nugraha2, Ari Ardiantoro3, Irida Novianti1, Irisa Trianti4, Wike Andre Septian1, Ahmad Furqon5, Kuswati Kuswati1, Nashi Widodo6, Suyadi Suyadi1*

... Feeding levels provided significant improvements (P<0.05) in MCV and PLT parameters. Low feed consumption caused a decrease in MCH in Kacang goats, but it was not significant (P>0.05). In conclusion, when evaluated in terms of animal welfare, the results of the current study may indicate that Kacang goats had a high ability to manage restricted feeding.
 
Keywords | Kacang goat, Stress, Nu...

Renny Fatmyah Utamy1*, Ambo Ako1, Hasbi Hasbi1, Zyahrul Ramadan2, Andi Arif Rahman Hakim2,3, Siti Annisa Sukri2

...riesian dairy cows has a significant impact on their production performance. Therefore, it is important to observe and determine the dairy cows’ physiological status, performance, and heat tolerance at different lactation phases. This study utilized a completely randomized design with three experimental and five replicates, involving 15 Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows. The cows were divided into three experimental based on their lactation phase i.e., early ...

Sumaya Loay Mohamed Shams Al-Dean1*, Sura Shakir Hammoud2, Mohammedali J. Ghafil3

...considered statistically significant. After thawing, the sperm cells’ motility dramatically increased with the addition of 2 mM (56.8±1.16), 4 mM (57.6±1.36), and 7 mM (62.1±1.67). The sperms viability is improved post-thawimg and at 5C after addition of anti-oxidants vitamin C. When compared to the control values, the fresh, 5C, and post-thaw sperm motility improved significantly for each concentr...

Elham M. Hosny1*, Saad Mahmoud Saad1, Marionette Zaghloul Nassif2, Amani Mohamed Salem1

...s at such concentrations significantly (p <0.05) inhibited 100% of the fungal growth. Meat samples were inoculation with Candida albicans into at an infected dose of 105 cfu/g. The initial group (control 1) did not get any inoculation or treatment. The second group (control 2) received an inoculation without treatment. The third and fourth groups were thoroughly mixed with 0.5 mg/ml of SPP and 6 mg/ml of PEE, respectively. All samples were refrigerated at 4...

Mohamed Ahmed Abaza1, Amany O. Selim2, Mona Abdallah3, Shimaa A.E. Atwa4, Hala El Daous5, Mona Abd-Allah Abd-Elrehim6, Mohamed M.S. Gaballa7, Reda R. Fathy1*

... (E. coli) infection has significant public health impact on both chickens and human. Antibiotic resistance as well as antibiotic residues in chicken meat are some of the negative outcomes of the traditional antibiotic-based approach to prevent and control bacterial infections. Therefore, the main goal of current investigation was to control the drug-resistant E. coli O6 infection using nano-production of zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) in both in vitro and vivo studies....

Wali Muhammad Mangrio1*, Hakim Ali Sahito1, Abdul Hafeez Mastoi2, Sanaullah Sattar3, Fahmeeda Imdad Sahito4 and Shahid Ali Jakhrani1

...on. This study also have significant implications for pest management against destructive insect pest species of the cotton crop in future endeavors. 

...

Nasr Tarq Mohammed 

...s study demonstrates the significant, dose-dependent anticancer effects of aqueous garlic extract on breast cancer cell lines, highlighting its potential as a promising and accessible therapeutic agent in cancer treatment strategies. 

...

Mohsin Rafique1*, Muhammad Atif Majeed2, Aamir Shakeel3, Tahir Iqbal4 and Ziad Raza5

Ngele Blessing Alfred, Agba Mary-Ibenreh Ogaboh*, Bassey Rosemary Anietie and Egeh Ajah Egwu

...t concentrations did not significantly affect the germination and growth of maize. However, fresh and dry weights of the plants decreased significantly (P≤0.05) as detergent concentration increased, with fresh and dry weights at 0 g/l being 1.68g and 0.69g, respectively, and at 5g/l being 0.50g and 0.69g, respectively. Seedlings irrigated with 5 g/l detergent solution showed higher peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activi...

Hina Yasin1,2*, Shaukat Mahmud2, Hina Abrar1, Kaneez Fatima3, Rabia Bushra1 and Saima Zahid2

...lts showed that extracts significantly responded as analgesic drug comparable to standard drug using different methods of evaluation for analgesic activity. Brine shrimp bioassay in different leaves extracts also showed similar effects likewise to the standard drug vincristine sulphate. All extracts exhibited marked cytotoxic activity as well against the Artemia salina (brine shrimp eggs). Based on the findings, it is concluded that the leaves extracts of the ...

Shah Fahad* and Akhtar Ali 

...clining was found highly significant at .01 confidence level. A highly significant association (P=0.000) was disclosed between urban sprawl and decreasing of agricultural land. Likewise, a significant association (P=0.000) was found between industrial expansion. Similarly Parks construction, high population growth, rural-urban migration, lack of proper planning of the city, lack of vertica...

Iqrar Hussain1, Ibrar Hussain2, Fazal-i-Wahid2, Ghani Gul3, Waseem Ullah Shah*4, Muhammad Numan5 and Muhammad Anas4*

...ertilizers and cultivars significantly affected potato growth and quality. Among all the organic fertilizers, Leaf-Mold fertilizer showed maximum sprouting percentage (57.77 %), number of tuber plant-1 (5.22), tubers weight plant-1 (0.659 g), tuber diameter (3.28 cm), tuber yield ha-1 (25.57 tons) and minimum days to emergence (17.44 days). Among the three cultivars, Desiree showed maximum sprouting percentage (62.08 %), number of tubers plant-1 (4.58), tuber ...

Milivoje Uroševic1, Darko Drobnjak1, Radomir Mandic2* and Sava Lazic3

...iffer statistically very significantly before and after milking, especially in relation to udder circumference, teat circumference and teat width. No statistically significant difference was found for the amount of milk obtained from left or right mammary complex.

...

Muhmmad Bilal Islam1* and Sar Zamin Khan2

...th and surface area were significantly affected by the treatment groups. The villus surface area for ileum for T-1 to T-5 groups recorded were 129497, 129013, 135655, 137894, 120535 µm2. A significantly (p<0.05) lower pH value was recorded for T-3 group for crop, small intestine and gizzard having the aqueous concentration of garlic, onion and chilli as (50:37.5:12.5). The weight of lymphoid organs like the weight o...

Mokammel Hossain Tito, Most Hoor E Jannat, Marzia Afrose, S.M. Jubayer Ahmed, Shah Md Maruf, Md. Arafat Hossain, Safiullah Samani, Ruksana Jahan Mira, Barshon Saha, Asraful Islam Jihad and Tonmoy Kumar Das

...livestock industry, with significant implications for food security, trade, and animal welfare. Despite advancements, FMD remains endemic, with a profound impact on economies worldwide. This study, conducted in Ethiopia’s East Wollega zone, we utilized a dataset comprising 266 bovine sera samples collected from Diga, Guto Gida, and Nekemte districts, employed machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict FMD outbreaks and assess attribute correlations. The...

Mohammed H. Asker*, Nagham S. Mohammed, Zinah S. Zamil  

...idney tissues. Vitamin C significantly reduced blood levels of urea, creatinine, salt, potassium, and calcium in both intact and ovariectomized groups (p≤0.05). Additionally, gene expression decreased significantly in the ovariectomized group (p≤0.05). These findings underscore the crucial role of vitamin C in renal function. Upregulation of Nrf2 and TSPO gene expression in ovariectomized rabbits suggests an adaptive r...

Dwi Walid Retnawati1,2, Mohamad Agus Setiadi3*, Iman Supriatna3, Ligaya Ita Tumbelaka3

...(48.45 ng/mL), decreased significantly in 1 week prepartus (34.74 ng/mL) and 1 day postpartus (33.39 ng/mL), followed by an increase at 3 weeks postpartus (34.04 ng/mL). Se levels of NRP cows during 3 weeks prepartus (60.96 ng/mL), decreased significantly at 1 week prepartus (38.84 ng/mL) and 1 day postpartus (37.09 ng/mL) but increased at 3 weeks postpartus (39.53 ng/mL). MDA level of preliminary research showed that RP cow...

Rand K. Abbas1, Zahraa S. Hadi1*, Zainab A. Hussein2, Sajad K. Matooq3

...lts showed that there is significant decreasing in the concentration of Hb, PCV, and RBC (P values= 0.021, 0.009, 0.034) respectively of chickens infected with helminthes compared to the control group. While the WBC was noticed with increased significantly (P value= 0.045) in the infected chickens. Histological examination of the chickens’ intestinal sections showed heterophilic infiltration together with villi and muc...

Heba El-Sayed Mostafa1,2*, Lama Sulaiman Alahmadi1, Shiyma Abullah Alrahule1, Nada Fareed Alzughaibi1, Hala Rafat Zulali1, Yasmin Islam Magdi3, Saada Saad Alharbi1

 
...here was a statistically significant difference in overall knowledge among the age groups, with students above 22 years having the highest mean knowledge. About animal research, most participants agreed that animal research has great benefits for humans (80.7%). Unexpected findings that 39% believed that animal research should be conducted in favor of human benefits even if it causes harm to animals. The study found that a considerable number (75.5%) of partic...

Fahmida Manin1*, Yusrizal1, Mairizal1, Lovita Adriani2, Andi Mushawwir2

...biotics and phytobiotics significantly (P < 0.05) affected ration consumption, body weight gain, ration conversion, mortality, small intestinal dysbiosis, total cholesterol, triglycerides and blood LDL of broilers, but had no effect on blood HDL levels. It markedly (P < 0.05) decreased saturated fat and insignificantly (P > 0.05) increased unsaturated fat. This study concluded that   small intestine dysbio...

Md. Gausur Rahman1*, S.M. Harun-Ur-Rashid1, Md. Golam Azam1, Md. Ahsan Habib2, Golapi Rani Devsharma1 

...(1.00%), respectively. A significantly (P<0.01) higher prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was recorded among Sonali chicken of 5-9 weeks of age (37.39%) than 1-4 weeks (15.29%). Eimeria sp. was significantly higher in 5-9 weeks aged Sonali chicken but Ascaridia sp. and Raillietina sp. were non-significantly (P>0.05) higher in 5-9 weeks old birds. It was also observed that gastr...

Emad M. Gad1, Haidy G. Abdel-Rahman2, Mohy Eldin Abd-El-Fattah1, Merna M. Kamal1, Ahmed Shaker Eltahan3, Amina A. Dessouki3*

...diabetic ones manifested significant decrease in these measures in contrast to the untreated diabetic rats. Also, renal tissue IL-6, NF-κB and NADPH oxidase manifested significant (P≤0.05) increase in untreated diabetic rats, while treated groups revealed significant decline in comparison to the untreated one. DAPA and mulberry fruit and leaves extracts optimized IL-10 and renin e...

Ashraf Samir Hakim1*, Doaa Diab Khalaf1, Engy Farahat1, Mohammed Darwish Mohammed1, Wahid Hussein El-Dabae1, Khaled Abd El-Hamid Abd El‑Razik2, Amany Nabil Dapgh3, Ehab Ali Fouad4, Hussein Ahmed Abuelhag1

...l antibiotic groups. The significant existence of blaNDM-1gene among E. coli isolates which responsible for resistance against carbapenems as a last antibiotic resort may constitute a public health concern and highlights the need of more regulation and monitoring of antimicrobial use in pet clinics.
 
Keywords: Carbapeneme, Egypt, Dog, Cat, Patient, UPEC, Virulence 
...

Isti Anindya1, Ibnu Agus Ariyanto2  and Amin Soebandrio

..., no other statistically significant variable was identified. Taken together, CMV infection in autism had high prevalence (98%) and have relationship with children gender in children with autism group. We found no additional and statistically significant varibles in children without autism group.

...

Eman Mamdouh Qenawy1, Mohamed Abou-Ellail1, Fatma Abdel-Motaal2, Mohammed O. Alshaharni3, Nady Khairy Elbarbary4*

...nt issue that has been a significant concern for humanity as it reduces the quality of food by either adding low-quality nutrients or removing useful components from it, which can affect consumers who rely on meat as a primary source of these nutrients. Food adulteration can be intentional (for the financial benefit of producers, processors, and retailers), or incidental (happens during production, handling, and storage). This study used the sensitive and spec...

Muhammad Al-Maruf1, Mahfuzul Islam2, Md. Rashedul Islam3, Syidul Islam1, Md. Sirazul Islam4, Md. Roknuzzaman Khan1, Md. Khairul Islam1, Md. Akib Zabed1, K. B. M. Saiful Islam1*

...or analysis, the factors significantly associated with Campylobacter colonization were “water supply”,“more than one person entering the house”, “use of separate footwear to enter in to the shed”, and “broiler house empty for >14 days between flocks”. “Footbath facility” and “presence of rodents in the poultry house” were revealed as the factors associated with increased risk for Campyl...

Jaisy Aghniarahim Putritamara*, Tina Sri Purwanti, Budi Hartono, Awang Tri Satria, Izdihar Ratnaduhita Hidayat

...n. Social value does not significantly affect consumer attitudes, implying it may be influenced by individual traits and environmental background. Hedonic value positively influences consumer attitudes, showing that enjoyment and positive emotions associated with UHT milk enhance favorable purchasing behavior. However, environmental value negatively affects consumer attitudes, as consumers may perceive eco-friendly packaging as less convenient. Product knowled...

Suparmin Fathan1*, Nibras K. Laya1, Safriyanto Dako1, Sayekti Handayani2, Siti R. Machieu3, Mohammad Z. Hippy3

...ture have a positive and significant impact on the effectiveness of the cattle assistance program policy in Bone Bolango Regency, both directly and indirectly (through communication). Communication also has a significant impact on the effectiveness of the cattle assistance program policy in Bone Bolango Regency. This indicates that public policy factors in the development of the agricultural and livestock sectors in Bone Bol...

Jahid Hasan Tipu1, Md Ashraful Islam2, Md Altafur Rahman3, Md. Nazim Uddin4, Obaidul Islam5* 

...d that heart girth has a significant positive correlation with body weight, with 0.97 correlated values. Finally, it can be strongly ascertained that Schaeffer’s formula is one of the most reliable and cost-effective methods for predicting live body weight in Black Bengal goats. 

...

Preetysh Nanda Patnaik1, V.K. Venkataramani1, N. Jayakumar1, R. Durairaja1, Adyasha Sahu 1 and C. Sudhan2*

...ely related commercially significant portunid crab species such as Portunus pelagicus, Portunus sanguinolentus, Charybdis natator and Portunus gladiator were selected based on body morphometry and morphology to delineate them by employing a truss network. With regard to conventional morphometry in portunid species, only few characters are seemed to be diagnostic and many characters are found to be overlapping. Hence, Truss morphometry was attempted. Eleven tru...
Rehana Yasmin1,2, Rashda Abbasi2*, Tariq Saeed2, Madiha Sadiq2, Nuzhat Yasmeen3, Muhammad Iqbal4, A. Khuzaim Alzahrani5, Nadeem Kizilbash5, Ugur Bilge6, Nafees Ahmad2 and Sajid Malik1*
....57, 95%CI=1.24-1.98) as significant risk factors for leukemia. However, odds ratios were significantly lower for patients using microwave oven (OR=0.25; 95%CI=0.18-0.35), and perfumes (OR=0.42; 95%CI=0.33-0.53). Males exhibit an increased risk for lymphoid leukemia as compared to myeloid leukemia (OR=1.97; 95%CI=1.38-2.80). Paraclinical parameters indicated that 71% of the cases had >50% of blast cells. Leukocytosis (OR=...

Rahmat Ullah Khan* and Karim Gabol

... most insightful and had significantly (P<0.05) rich population density as house sparrow (15464±92), common myna (2954.33±23), red-vented bulbul (1671±11), afghan babbler (1181±66), long-tailed shrike (1126±11), chakor partridge (1019.5±10), bank swallow (1073±27), bank myna (568.33±58), house crow (806±20) and common chiffchaff (1128±00). The avifauna is going to decline because of heavy...

Jawwad Rehman1,2, Muhammad Khizar1, Muhammad Naeem1, Atique Ahmed Behan3*, Huma Rizwana1, Nasir Rajput4, Ghulam Shabir Barham5, Syed Uzair Ali Shah1, Nisar Subhani2,4  

...d specific gravity, were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Group B compared to Group A. Conversely, the moisture content was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the milk of Group A goats. Behavioral observations indicated that eating, ruminating, and sleeping time were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Group B, whereas lying, standing, drinking, and licking times were

Shiguftah Khalid1, Muhammad Jahanzaib2*, Haris Khurshid2, Rabia Khalid3, Sundas Waqar3, Faiza Siddique3, Fazal Yazdan Saleem Marwat3 and Zahid Akram1

...tion analysis revealed a significant relation of pod yield with directly contributing yield components like, Peg-1, Pods -1, MPP-1, APL and HSW. In contrast, LA, LLA, PB, SB, MPP-1 and SP were those characters that were in a strong negative association with pod yield. The association of these characters with pod yield indicated the importance of these traits for selecting high yielding genotypes under the screening process. Path analysis revealed a positive di...

Saleem Abid1* and Muhammad Jahanzaib2

... on AMMI model confirmed significant differences (P<0.01) among genotypes, environments, and the genotype by environmental (G x E) interactions. The environmental factors explained 81.29% of the total yield variation. Environment variations proved to be the main factor influencing the performance of groundnut-genotypes in most of the locations where the study was conducted. The initial two components (IPCA1 and IPCA2) clarified 83.2% of the variance because...

Basirat Opemipo Amoo-Adeboye1*, Kazeem Olanrewaju Amoo2, Saheed Adeyinka Odediji3, James Akinwunmi Ogunniran1, Adenike Titilayo Olayinka1 and Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye1

...dy population, leaving a significant percentage of the pregnant women at risk of congenital rubella infection. Hence, increasing rubella vaccination awareness among women of reproductive age and possible inclusion into the National Programme of Immunization in Nigeria is recommended to increase immunity coverage.

...

Aya Salah Eldin Mohamed1*, Gamal E. Shams1, Gihan G. Moustafa2, Reda M. Abd El-Aziz3

...opram for 60 days ensued significant (p<0.001) upsurges in the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum with non-significant (p > 0.05) alterations in serum testosterone (TS) level when compared to the control group. Treatments by citalopram plus ginseng, vitamin D, or both caused significant declines in the circulating serum TS (p<0.01),...

Suroor Hafedth Mohammed, Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini* 

...evealed that litter size significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influences the live body weight and adipose tissue hormones of Awassi ewes. Ewes with twin births had higher live body weight, leptin, and visfatin (50.41±0.92 kg), (192.16 ±27.63 pg/mL), and (3.56 ±0.96 ng/mL), respectively, compared to single births ewes. There was the highest correlation (P ≤ 0.05) between litter size with live body weight and adipose tissue hormones of ewes with s...

Aisha Khalid1,2, Roheela Yasmeen1*, Farah Ahmad1, Mudassar Aslam2, Muhammad Tayyab2  

...tiple Range Test, showed significant improvements (P < 0.05) in weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency ratio for enzyme-treated groups, particularly from the 3rd to 7th week of the trial. Group D, with 1000 IU of the local cellulase, demonstrated the most significant effects, with a weight gain of 3460.11 grams, feed intake of 6332.40 grams, and a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.83. These results indicate that the...

Zahraa Ahmed Khlaf*, Alfred S. Karomy, Qutaiba Jassim Gheni 

... feed, as indicated by a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in the logarithm of total bacterial counts and E. coli counts in the ozone-treated feeds compared to the control. Furthermore, ozone treatments T4 and T5 resulted in a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the concentrations of aflatoxin and ochratoxin compared to the other treatments. Additionally, all ozone gas treatments led to a signifi...

Iram Alam Sthanadar1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Sami Siraj2 and Omar Malik2

...y found a modest but non-significant effect of the CYP2C9*3 rs1057910 polymorphism on susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in KP Pakistan, highlighting the need for further research on gene-environment and gene-gene interactions.

...

Rongrong Wang1,2, Da Ji1,2, Junjie Yao1,2*, Wenzheng Zhang1,2, Xianjun Zhou1,2, Xin Su1,2 and Tianquan Bai3

...o;s D tests did not show significant negative values. The overall nucleotide diversity of the three C. sowerbyi populations in Guizhou Province was low, especially in the Xiuwen County population, the genetic variation mainly occurred within the populations.

...

Bingzhao Yan1, Guiping Chen2, Lulu Ding1, Ruxue Huang1, Wenjing Yu1 and Jicang Wang1*

...dition, cadmium exposure significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of PERK, CHOP, ATF4, eIF2α, GRP78, and the pro-apoptotic factor Bax, while the expression of the apoptosis inhibiting factor Bcl-2 was significantly decreased, and compared with the CdCl2 group, the CdCl2 + Que group showed significantly decreased gene expression of PERK, CHOP, ATF4, eIF2α, ...

Zhongjiang Niu1, Periyannan Velu2, Annamalai Vijayalakshmi2*

...SH and CAT. PTZ-kindling significantly decreased locomotion, memory and learning. Neuronal damage and hippocampus swelling were reversed with NF45 in a dose dependent manner. P2y agonist, methylene - ATP, significantly reduced the positive effect of NF45.P2y3 receptors had a significant role in epilepsy kindling. This mechanism has potential in epilepsy therapy and future research.

...

Muhammad Luqman1,*, Aqsa Ashraf 1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehmood1, Anwar Saeed2 and Rizwan Ahmad3

...rove their admittance to significant knowledge.

...

Pangesti Nugrahani1*, Hery Purnobasuki2, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori3, Jatuporn Anuchai4 and Anugerah Dany Priyanto5,6

...rm of cytokinin, plays a significant role in stimulating cell division and differentiation. This study aimed to assess the impact of BAP on various growth parameters, including shoot initiation, root initiation, leaf initiation, shoot and root length, plantlet weight, root number, leaf number, and shoot number. The study followed a completely randomized design with one factor, namely the composition of the planting medium, consisting of five treatments: full M...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Chindy Damanik, Dandi Oherman Girsang, Erwanto, Liman, Muhtarudin and Ali Husni 

...oniation treatment had a significant impact (P<0.05) on the digestibility of dry matter for treatments P0 (54.33%), P1 (57.97%), and P2 (56.52%), organic matter P0 (57.56%), P1 (58.89%), and P2 (58.38%), as well as acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility P0 (49.08%), P1 (55.84%), and P2 (54.80%). However, there was no significant effect (P>0.05) on NDF digestibility for P0 (59.45%), P1 (63.06%), and P2 (63.22%). In su...

Tamadhur H. Hussein, Layth H. Merzah, Tahreer M. Al-Thuwaini* 

...evealed that litter size significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced the live body weight, body measurements, and adipose tissue hormones of Hamadani ewes. Ewes with twin births had higher live body weight, chest girth, tail length, tail width, leptin, and visfatin hormones (65.35 ± 0.65 kg), (102.12 ± 0.38 cm), (35.15 ± 0.10 cm), (31.72 ± 0.22 cm), (268.51 ± 7.12 pg/mL), and (5.88 ± 0.19 ng/mL), respectively, compared to e...

Muhammad Khubaib1*, Muhammad Salman Khan1, Zia Ur Rahman2, Nafees Ahmad1, Muhammad Atif Haider1 and Mushtaq Ahmad Khan3

...er and BSF-larvae showed significantly better result in terms of weight and length gain. The survival rate of C. marulius fed with chicken liver, BSF-larvae, commercial feed and beef mince were estimated as 90%, 85%, 80% and 60% respectively. The absolute weight of C. marulius fed with chicken liver, BSF-larvae, commercial feed and Beef mince were estimated as 2.24 g, 2.00 g, 1.9 g, and 1.86 g respectively while the value of the absolute length of C. marulius ...

Shahid Ali Khan1*, Farooq Ahmad1, Muhammad Zubair Akram2, Yan Tongyu3, Fatima Urooj1, Kamran Ahmad1, Saeed Ullah4, Sharmeen Zulfiqar5, Tahira Batool6, Aqsa Sarwar1, Yaqoob Sultan7 and Samreen Nazeer8*

...ess and cell area play a significant role in different habitats. In conclusion, Euphorbia hitra showed very specific modifications in morphological and anatomical attributes that reveal their ecological success in a variety of habitats.

...

Abid Jan* and Asad Ullah

...ood wastage had a highly significant and negative association with having alternatives to expensive food items (P=0.000 and tau-b=-0.256), expansive food is less wasted compared to less expensive (P=0.000 and tau-b=-0.276), economic loss due to food waste compelling to prioritize food waste reduction strategy (0.000 and tau-b=-0.268), encouraging households to perceive their food waste habits through the lens of financial loss (P= 0.000 and tau-b=-0.292), the ...

Sadia Rashid1, Muhammad Waqas Alam Chattha2, Almazea Fatima1*, Muhammad Farooq Hyder3 and Nazia Tabasam1

...pendent variables have a significant effect on wheat yield 2022 as compared to the recent year. The value of R2 shows variation in the model due to the independent variables. The main increase was observed in DAP, urea, NPK, pesticide cost and quantities. It is suggested that there is a need to lower the fertilizer prices, timely availability of fertilizer, pesticide, and seed. The reason for the decline in wheat productivity was mainly attributed to less use ...

1Md. Faruq Hasan, 2Nazmunnahar Kolpona, 3*Atia Shahin, 3Md. Rayhan Sojib and 3Susmita Sarmin

...findings revealed that a significant proportion (72.8 percent) of the respondents held a moderately to highly unfavourable attitude towards government extension services. The key factors influencing farmers’ attitude were individual extension contact, training experience, educational qualification, farm size, annual income, and mass media contact, respectively. Thus, to enhance farmer engagement and trust in government extension services, policy formulat...

Elkhan Rajaf Allahverdiyev1*, Azer Agazade Khalilov2, Araz Mustafa Gasimov2, Zahid Gurban Khalilov2, Parvana Bahlul Bayramova2, Kamala Fatiaga Abilova2 and Sait Engindeniz3

...mass yield has increased significantly. Thus, 62,400 kg/ha of green mass was obtained in the version with manure 10 t/ha+N70P125K90 fertilizer, which was 26,300 kg/ha or 72.85% increase compared to the control option without fertilizer. The effect of fertilizer treatments on quality indicators of fodder obtained from mixed sowing was studied. It was found that the amount of crude protein, absolute dry matter, yield of feed unit, amount of digestible protein in...

Rawya Shakir Mohammed*, Baraa Najim Al-Okaily

...dy. The results showed a significant rise in VEGF gene expression levels, as well as the presence of histological alterations in the G1 group characterized by clear congestion of graffiti follicles and necrotic lesions. with decrease in the number of primary, secondry and graafian follicles as compared to other groups. Nevertheless, current results indicated that the administration of CurSeNPs with or without doxorubicin in the G2 and G3 groups revealed a decr...

Rico Anggriawan1*, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari2, Sri Hidanah3, Muhammad Anam Al Arif4, Diyah Ayu Candra5

...ts. The results showed a significant increase in the use of antibiotics over the past decade, as well as the discovery of enrofloxacin and tylosin residues above the permissible limits in some broiler product samples. These findings indicate the need for increased awareness and regulation of antibiotic use in the livestock sector to protect consumer health.
 
Keywords | Residue, Broiler chickens, Enrofloxacin and tylosin, Commercia...

Ridha Tunnisa1, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2*, Sri Purwanti2, Sri Rachma Aprilita Bugiwati2, Wempie Pakiding2

...pe of the IGF-1 gene was significantly related (P<0.05) with final body weight, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio in hens Alope chicken. So the IGF-1 gene has the potential to be used as a genetic marker for the initial selection process of Alope chickens.
 
Keywords | Alope chicken, Growth traits, IGF-1, PCR-RFLP, Polymorphisms
...

Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti, Ani Atul Arif, Putri Utami, Habib Asshidiq Syah, Anggita Dian Pramudhita, Rr. Ani Rizqianti, Trinil Susilawati*

...lysis of variance showed significant differences in the upper layer for motility, concentration, and Total motile sperm (P<0.01), as well as in the lower layer for Motility and Total motile sperm (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in concentrations between treatments. Viability and abnormality showed significant differences in both layers (P<0.01). The proportion of s...

Yusuf Subagyo*, Merryafinola Ifani, Hermawan Setyo Widodo

...30% of goat feed without significantly affecting productivity and milk quality.
 
Keywords | Peranakan etawa goat, C. calothyrsus, Concentrate, Milk quality, Milk production, Phytochemical
...

Nguyen Thi Ngoc Trang1, Nguyen Thi Thu Hong2,3*

...tion of fresh garlic had significant (P<0.05) effect on weight gain (increased 11.54% compare with control) and feed conversion effectiveness (decreased 12.35% compare with control) and the values were observed to be maximum at the highest level of fresh garlic (3%) and the least in control group. Daily feed intake was not affected by the addition of fresh garlic as well as meat quality (carcass percentage, pH value, drip loss, cooking loss and chemical of ...

Sutaryo Sutaryo1*, Jeksen Nikolas1, Nain Ufidiyati1, Ivena Setiany1, Nadlirotun Luthfi2, Retno Adiwinarti1, Agung Purnomoadi1 

...utrient intakes were not significantly different among treatments (p > 0.05), and ILM inclusion did not affect nutrient digestibility (p > 0.05), retained nutrients, growth performance, or feed efficiency (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of ILM up to 12% in the ration did not negatively affect the productivity of growing NZW rabbits. Therefore, ILM can be considered a viable protein source to replace SBM in the ration for growing NZW rabbits.&...

Sana Eijaz, Asmat Salim* and Mohammad Anwar Waqar

...in kinase-1 (PDK-1) were significantly increased whereas those of protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) and protein kinase C-theta (PKC-θ) were significantly decreased in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of the test groups as compared to the diseased control. Moreover, both the extracts also restored the level of serum adiponectin and leptin. Our data suggests that the antidiabetic activity of these herbs may...

Hina Abrar1*, Hina Yasin1, Hira Naeem2, Rabia Bushra1, Shaukat Mahmood2 and Kaneez Fatima3

... reported to possess the significant hepatoprotective effects owing to the reduced blood flow. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of PHY alone and in combination with PRL in healthy male rabbits. Post treatment level of various liver enzymes including alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and bilirubin (BRB) were measured and compared with the normal values. Additionall...

Efi Rokana1*, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,2, Khoirul Wafa1, Kalvin Putra Wahyudatama1, Ferdian Ginanjar1, Rini Mastuti3, Amiril Mukmin1, Miarsono Sigit4 

...The results did not show significant differences in productivity parameters (feed consumption, average daily gain, feed conversion, and income over feed cost) between control and beer waste fed groups. Health parameters, including hematology (hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes) and blood chemical parameters (total protein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine), remained within normal ranges in all beer waste fed groups. The study concludes that incorporating beer...
Hajjar Hartini Wan Jusoh1,2, Hafizan Juahir1,2*, Azimah Ismail1, Nurfarahana Mohd Nasir3,5, Setyo Budi Kurniawan1,4 and Ahmad Jusoh5
 
 
...ranular activated carbon significantly affect the removal efficiency of malathion from agricultural runoff. As the initial malathion concentration (7 µg L-1) was lowered to approximately 1.14 and 1.5 µg L-1 for CBAC and 2.87 µg L-1 for PBAC at respective diameters of 0.063 and 1.0 mm, the best circumstances for the highest removal efficiency of 90 % were observed. The features of adsorption behavior were descr...
Wan Norhafizah Wan Azman and John Yew Huat Tang* 
...r 30 min was shown to be significantly more efficacious than that for fifteen minutes (p<0.05). On the other hand, at a concentration of 2.0%, the results indicated that acetic acid is highly effective in eliminating L. monocytogenes without the need for physical application. However, with agitation, it exhibits a notable decrease at the minimal concentration of 0.5%. The amount of L. monocytogenes does not, however, s...
MohamadRahijan AbdulWahab*andAhmadAimanSalahudin
 
...tamean=3.66±0.58.Asignificantdifferenceincustomersatisfactionwithstingless bee honey consumption was found among groups of employment status andfrequentconsumers.However, there was no discernible difference in the satisfaction of customers about the use of stingless bee honey between groups according to gender, age, ethnicity, educational attainment, and monthly income. Customers’ attitudes on the consumption of stingless bee honey did not differ ...

Fazli Amin1*, Amjad Usman1, Maqsood Shah¹ and Sarzamin Khan²

...sults showed the highest significant total weight gain, improved feed conversion ratio, and dressing percentage, and reduced feed intake in the D4 group compared to all other groups. Similarly, the highest antibody titers against the Newcastle disease, and lower mortality rate were calculated in the D4 group than in the remaining groups. Meat quality was not affected. A significant increase in the net profit was observed in ...

Ishtiaq Ahmad Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1, Muhammad Shuaib1*, Sohaib ul Hassan2, Abubakar Sufyan3, Waqas Alam1, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Aamir Khan4, Qudrat Ullah2, Muhammad Ayaz4 and Tayyab Khurshid5

...gg lay cycle without any significant decline in egg lay. Floored flocks produced 2% more eggs during pre-peak but 2% fewer eggs during peak and post-peak phases compared to cage-housed hens (P>0.05). The Hatchery percentile was the same before the peak and then improved (P<0.05) by 4 and 10% during and after the peak, respectively. Insemination frequency, cockerels’ body weight, and production cycle had no significant
Abdussalam Muhyideen Zainab Funmilayo and Lee-Hoon Ho*
...t of the beetroot juices significantly (p <0.05) decreased during storage. However, there was no significant influence on the total soluble solids over storage time. The total titratable acidity of the juices showed significantly (p <0.05) increase over the storage time. The untreated beetroot juice showed be consumed in less than 6 days, while 24 days’ storage for pasteurised ...
Nurul Aini Kamaruddin, Nur Qistina Afiqah Muhamad Asri and Nur Alya Adila Rosli 
...nt growth performance is significantly dependent on adequate nutrient intake, as these animals obtain essential nutrients from their diets. This study aims to determine the nutrient composition of a basal diet supplemented with Azolla microphylla and measure its effects on the growth performance of Saanen doelings. The feeding treatments consisted of Control (100% Pak Chong Napier), T1 (90% Pak Chong Napier + 10% A. microphylla), T2 (80% Pak Chon...
Mok Sam Lum, Nurul Fadhilah binti Aldam and Clament Fui Seung Chin* 
...used for analysis, where significant differences between treatments were determined using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) Test (SAS 9.4 software). Results revealed significant differences (p <0.05) in sweet corn that received AE foliar spray in plant height (p = 0.0098), stem diameter (p = 0.0419), leaf area (p = 0.0364), cob length (p = 0.0077), and number of grains per cob (p =...
Mohd Aiman Hamdan1, Muhammad Fitri Yusof2, Hajar Fauzan Ahmad3,Mufafikri Musa4, Najmuddin Mohd Ramli5,6 and Mohd Najib Razali5,6*
...A cat food product has a significantly higher protein, fat, moisture, and ash content in comparison to Grade B cat food. Meanwhile, Grade B has a significantly higher carbohydrate content as compared to Grade A cat food. The new cat food formulation innovated from this work via utilizing the local raw materials has the highest protein, fibre, and ash contents but is lower in fat, moisture and carbohydrate content in comparis...

Layth H. Merzah, Tamadhur H. Hussein, Tahreer m. Al-Thuwaini*

...evealed that litter size significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influences the body weight and cortisol hormone levels of Awassi ewes. Twin-born ewes were heavier and had higher cortisol hormone levels, as determined by an ANOVA test. However, they had lower lamb weights at birth and weaning compared to ewes with single births, as indicated by the t-test. The highest Pearson correlation (P ≤ 0.05) was found between cortisol hormone levels, litter size, and body weight...

Jennarong Kammongkun1, Doungnapa Promket2*

...g. The analysis revealed significant associations between growth performance and morphology traits in PH chickens. The correlations between average daily gains (ADG4 to ADG16) and body weights (BW0 to BW16) ranged from 0.33 to 0.99, indicating a consistent upward trend over time. The high body weight (HBW) group exhibited superior growth performance and morphology traits compared to the low body weight (LBW) group (P<0.01), except for shank length (SL). Not...

Tran Ngoc Bich1*, Vo Tuan Khai Huyen2, Nguyen Tran Phuoc Chien1, Dang Thi Tham1, Nguyen Vinh Trung1, Truong Van Hieu3, Thai Quoc Hieu4, Huynh Truong Giang1, Le Quang Trung1

...er six months old have a significantly higher risk of LSD compared to cows aged 6–24 months (OR 1.84, 95%CI: 1.14–3.00) and compared to animals older than 24 months (OR 4.82, 95% CI: 2.73-8.51). Phylogenetic analysis of the P32 gene of LSDV (PP934191-PP934205) indicated 100% similarity with other isolates from China, Russia, and Thailand. The findings of this study provide critical epidemiological insights into the risk factors associated with LSD ...

M.J.Al-Saadi*, Dahfir A. Alobaidi, Jassim E.Q.Al-Musawi 

...one water (G5) exhibited significantly lower aerobic bacteria counts (p < 0.05) compared to all other treatments. Furthermore, the study found that longer washing times with tap water increased the degree of contamination. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that using ozonized water and reducing the washing time can effectively decrease the total aerobic bacteria count in meat. Therefore, the use of treated water, especially ozonized water, is hig...

Wahedul Karim Ansari1, Md. Yeasin Arafat1, Md. Kamruzzaman Akimul1, Md. Saifur Rahman1, Md. Jahirul Islam2, Mahamud Hasan2, Md. Ibrahim Mridha2, Md. Aminul Islam3 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1*

...kerganj upazila showed a significant association. The study emphasizes an awareness campaign program and a greater extent of epidemiological investigation to control lumpy skin disease virus infection in Bangladesh.

...

Danyal Khan1, Abdur Rahman1, Muhammad Shuaib2,3*, Sohaib Ul Hassan4, Abubakar Sufyan5, Wajid Ullah1, Seema Jani1, Obaid Ullah6 and Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui7

...ed that total intake was significantly higher in groups B and C than in groups A and D. Total live weight change was the highest in group C followed by groups B, A, and group D. Whereas body condition score (BCS) change was higher in group C than in group D and B respectively. Group A recorded the lowest BCS. Group B had the highest average expenditure of the remaining groups. The difference between expenses and the worth of weight gain was the lowest in Group...

Khawla Abdul- Aziz Salman1, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory3*, Rasha Fajer Al-Jebory4

...here was a statistically significant increase (P≤0.05) in the concentration of glutathione in T3 compared to T1. At the age of 14 days, the addition treatments resulted in a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the concentration of malondialdehyde compared to T1. Additionally, at the ages of 21 and 35 days, the concentration of malondialdehyde reduced in treatments T3 and T4 compared to T1. At 35 days of age, the concentra...
Ahmad Ibrahim Jalali1, Mudssar Ali1*, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad2,4 and Fawad Zafar Ahmad Khan1,3
...ants and whiteflies were significantly higher as compared to other groups. Overall, live observations showed higher arthropod abundance in biorational treatments as compared to synthetic insecticide treatment. The pitfall trapping differences showed significant differences in the insect orders captured. Moreover, the maize yield at the end of the trial was higher in synthetic pesticide treatments (field recommended doses) as...
Aamir Khan Awan1, Nighat Sultana1*, Rahmat Ali Khan2, Rifhat Sultana3
Umm-e-Kalsoom1, Fayaz Ahmed Sahibzada4, Rifat Ullah Khan5, Naimat Ullah Khan6, Nazir Ahmad Khan7, Syed Haider Zaman8, Mir Sadiq Shah9 and Assar Ali Shah10*
...queous extracts showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the blood glucose level as compared to diabetic control while slight differences were seen in body weight. The total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, serum creatinine and total proteins were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in response to oral dosing of three varieties...

Abd El-Alim F. Abd El-Alim1, Abdelhakeem El-Murr2*, Tahsein Hasan1

...th lead acetate exposure significantly improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) in T3 (1.26 ± 0.01g) in comparison to positive control (1.34 ± 0.02 g). One-way ANOVA revealed significant reduction (P < 0.05) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from 57.36 ± 1.02 to 36.27 ± 1.08 IU/ L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from 72.45 ± 1.86 to 72.45 ± 1.86 IU/ L, creatinine from 1.42 ± ...

Shimaa R. Hamam, Reham A. El-shafei, Nani N. Abdelaziz, Magdy S. Amer

... sperm profile, were all significantly reduced while taking ibuprofen. Significant changes were also brought about in the testicular, epididymal, and seminal vesicle histological architectures. Important components of male fertility, such as testosterone, LH, and FSH levels, sperm profile, and testicular GST and NO activities were significantly increased when ginseng and ibuprofen were com...

Adham Omar Mohamad Sallam1*, Ashraf Abd El-Hakem Ahmed El-Komy1, Enas Abdulrahman Hasan Farag2, Samar Saber Ibrahim3

...cam, are associated with significant hepato-renal toxicity due to their inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes. This study hypothesizes that grape seed extract (GSE), rich in potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory flavonoids, mitigates the hepato-renal toxicity induced by Meloxicam. Fifty albino rats were divided into five groups: A control, vehicle control, Meloxicam-treated, GSE-treated, and a combination treatment group. The study evaluated biochemical par...
Sultan Çobanoğlu1, Waheed Anwar2*, Muhammad Asim Javed2 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan3
...sopliae have also caused significant mortality ranging from 40.1 to 65.4% of both strains at the 4×108 conidia/ml suspension. Based on smaller LT50 value and non-overlapping 95% CI, T. longibrachiatum took the least significant time to kill 50% of the subjected mites population at both concentrations when compared with rest of the fungi. The adult female T. urticae exposed to the infection of respective entomopathogeni...
Phuong-Thao Ho1, 2, Thi Tuong Vy Nguyen3, Ngoc Hai Tran3 and Tran Van Giang4*
...ll. Besides, we detected significant differences body mass, body length, introvert length, BM/BL and IL/BL ratios but not trunk length and diameter, number of tentacles, and longitudinal muscular bands of those thriving at different habitats. Additionally, we examined the growth pattern for the Vietnamese sipuncula using a least-squares regression model computed for weight–length relationships. The BM – BL relationship exhibited a
Dyana Louis Anak Peter, Elldiwirna Saimen, Lucky Poh Wah Goh, Mohd. Khalizan Sabullah, Rahmath Abdulla, Jualang Azlan Gansau and Roslina Jawan*
...angan, noniand mung bean significantly increased with increasing concentrations (0.5 – 2.5%, v/v). However, the viable cells count was decreased in medium supplemented with tuhauand torch ginger within 24 h of fermentation. Result shows that the type and concentration of prebiotics exhibited a significant effect on the bacterial growth population of Lactobacillus mindensis CA4 and can be used in the production o...

Siew Ing Nguang, Nur Syafiqah Binti Zainal, Ahmad Mukhlis Bin Hafas, Hou Chew Ha, Connie Fay Komilus, and Asmad Kari*

...opreservation, T1 showed significantly highest viability with 63.4±3.0%. The improved viability in T2 likely resulted from the antibiotics while the reduced viability in T3 may be due to their absence, with values of 45.7±1.9% and 36.6±1.8%, respectively. After 48 hours of storage, T1 exhibited decreased motility with most spermatozoa displaying strong vibration. In contrast, T2 and T3 experienced a greater decline in motility with a weake...

Muhammad Tahir1, Muhammad Saqib1, Shahbaz ul Haq2, Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui3,4, Khurram Ashfaq1, Urfa Bin Tahir5, Mughees Aizaz Alvi1*, Shujaat Hussain6, Talha Javaid1, Raheela Taj7, Muneeb Islam8, Imad Khan9, Asad Ullah9* and Shakirullah Khan10

...icated animals and poses significant threat to human population as well. Toxoplasma gondii is transmitted to ruminants through ingestion of oocytes-contaminated herbage. The purpose of the current study was to report prevalence and access the risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis. A total of 652 specimens of blood were taken from 9 regions situated within the jurisdiction of Punjab province, Pakistan. The collected samples were labeled in order to have ra...

Farhan Anjum1*, Sheraz Ahmad Khan1, Raees Muhammad2, Yousaf Jamal1, Durrishahwar1, Jawad Ali Shah1 and Hidayat Ullah1*

...urity, there were highly significant differences among the maize genotypes for almost all traits. Genotype ‘Saleem Khan-2’ had the maximum days to tasseling, whereas the ‘Bamkhel-2’ genotype had the shortest. The genotypes ‘CIMMYT Yellow’ and ‘Saleem Khan-2’ took the maximum number of days to silking, while ‘Bamkhel-2’ had the minimum days. Genotype ‘Eidhi’ had the lowest plant height, whe...

Hassan Ismail Musa1,3*, Latiffah Hassan1, Chandrawathani Panchadcharam2, Zunita Zakaria1, Saleha Abdul Aziz1 

...sitive and statistically significant correlation (r =0.58, 95% CI, 0.12-0.87, p=0.047) between the disease prevalence and average monthly rainfall. There was a moderate but non-significant positive correlation (r =0.47, 95% CI, 0.13-0.82, p=0.11) between disease prevalence and average monthly rainy days and weak and non-significant correlation (r =-0.23, 95% CI, 0.71-0.39, p=0.47) with the...

Safaa El Bialy1*, Nabil Bker2, Hossam Ibrahim3, Saber, A. Saad4, Eman Ali5

...h 3% PEO, pH levels were significantly (p< 0.05) dropped by 22.06%, TVN levels dropped by 62.55%, and TBA levels dropped by 82.75%. The most significant reduction in biogenic amines was observed in tyramine, which decreased by 89.04%. This was followed by reductions in putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine, respectively, at the end of the experiment using 3% PEO. Regarding the microbiological status, the results were dose...

Dalia Hamid Mansour1, Mohamed Elshabrawy Ghanem2, Marwa Hassan3, Yousry Ibrahim4, Ibrahim M. Hegab5*

...and carcass weights were significantly (P=0.007 and P= 0.009, respectively) improved in groups (AandC) received Biocid® (13.5% and 8.7 %, respectively) as well as an elevated levels of albumin (P=0.03) in group A (8.8%) compared to groups B and C. while the other biochemical parameters including total protein, liver enzymes, creatinine Alkaline Phosphatase and urea in serum did not show any significant alterations betwee...

Nahed Yehia1*, Rania I. Mohamed2

...fluenza (H9N2), can have significant economic losses in poultry farms associated with other viral and bacterial infections. The purpose of this research is to study the genetic evolution and pathogenicity of the H9N2 virus during 2022. The forty tracheal samples were gathered from broiler chicken farms from 5 governorates (El-Dakahlia, El-Sharqia, Alexandria, Al-Qalyubia, and El-Gharbia) and tested using Real-Time Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reactio...

Ali Bain*, Musriah, La Ode Nafiu, La Ode Muh. Munadi, La Ode Muhsafaat, Nur Santy Asminaya, Astriana Napirah, Widhi Kurniawan, Fuji Astuty Auza, Deki Zulkarnain 

... oil at different levels significantly (P<0.01) affected fermentation characteristics and ration nutrient digestibility. The different levels of CaS-soybean oil (1.5%-4.5%) produced optimal fermentation characteristics (pH, NH3-N and total VFA) to support the growth and activity of microorganisms to optimally digest nutrients during in vitro incubation. Supplementation of 4.5% CaS-soybean oil in the fermented corn cob-based rations resulted the best NH3-N l...

Nguyen Hoang Qui*, Nguyen Thuy Linh 

...< 0.05). There was no significant effect of FG on the carcass quality or blood lipid markers (p > 0.05). The addition of a 0.8% fermented grain (FG) improved the carcass quality of turkey broilers, without negatively affecting the blood parameters. The utilization of 0.6% and 0.8% FG shows potential for extensive implementation in poultry production.
 

...

Pankaj Gargotra1*, C. Judith Betsy1 and J. Stephen Sampath Kumar2

 

...rder Cypriniformes, is a significant alternative species for Indian aquaculture. Aquaculture breeding strategies for loaches must be carefully investigated in order to meet their rising demand. Owe to the aquaculture potential of L. thermalis, the current study was conducted to establish the importance of various minerals (Mn, Se, and Zn) in improving its growth, maturity, and spawning. According to the findings of this study, Se is a crucial mineral impacting...

Mona F. Shousha1*, Aml M. Ragab2 and Salwa M. Helmy1

... from poultry to humans, significantly burdening public health, especially with the currently high rates of antimicrobial resistance and the emerging multidrug-resistant strains. As a result, this study determined the patterns of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp., which was isolated from sick broilers from different farms in Egypt. Then, we investigated the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in ...
Anum Razzaq*, Tariq Mahmood, Ammara Saman, Ammara Baig, Nadeem Munawar and Muhammad Farooq
...(spring) and there was a significant difference in the diets of this rat species during cropping and non-cropping period. The gerbil also supplemented its diet with insects (animal matters) in higher quantities highlighting its positive role as biological control of insect pests of croplands. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) later followed by Least Significance Difference (LSD) revealed significant differences during cropping se...

Abdul Zahir1*, Asad Ullah1, Yonis Gulzar2*, Mohammad Shuaib Mir2, Abdus Salaam3 and Arjumand Bano Soomro2

...ribution. Results showed significant positive associations between farmer’s satisfaction and other factors e.g. adherence to prescribed water shares (P = 0.000, Tc = 0.294), strict irrigation schedules (P = 0.000, Tc = 0.206), predetermined time schedules (P = 0.000, Tc = 0.347), lack of influence by large landlords (P = 0.020, Tc = 0.318), fair water redistribution during stress periods (P = 0.000, Tc = 0.511), the ability to lodge complaints (P = 0.000...

Muhammad Ahmad1, Safdar Ali1*, Amer Habib1, Muhammad Usman Ghani2,3, Humaira Kalsoom4, Yasir Iftikhar5 and Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan5*

...ation upto 11 hours also significantly positively correlated with the severity of the disease while relative humidity between 65-85% favored disease severity. 

...

Faisal Noor1, Shahid Iqbal1, Muhammad Irfan Shan2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3*, Abbas Sheer4, Muhammad Shahroz Khan3

...s in cucurbit fields can significantly improve the yield and fruit parameters of round gourd.
...

Bushra Sial1, Arif Muhammad Khan1, Mohsan Raza1,6*, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Sayyad Ali Raza Bukhari1, Muhammad Kashif Hanif3, Sher Khan Panhwar4, Muhammad Ashfaq5

...lue of 0.75 indicating a significant differentiation between populations of Taiwan and Pakistan. In contrast, the lowest Fst value of 0.04 manifested minimal genetic differentiation between populations in the USA and Bangladesh. An average genetic distance using the Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) model using BOLD systems revealed 20.17 and 19.87 percent within genus and family respectively. Nevertheless, this study documented the COI sequence of Caesio varilineata a...

Ali Meawad Ahmed1, Asmaa I.A. Morsy1, Rehab E.M. Gaafar2, Nada Ibrahim H. Ahmed1

...ty was 6.61%. There were significant positive correlations (p<0.05) between the eye’s fluid salinity on one and sensory and bacteriological results. Furthermore, the obtained results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in fish eye’s salinity along the storage period which strongly correlated with changes in total bacterial and enterobacteriacae counts. In conclusion, fish eye’s salinity can be used...

Nesreen Z. Eleiwa1, Radwa A. Lela2, Eman K. Fathalla2

...ectively. In addition, a significant difference (P<0.05) in levels of total bacterial, psychrotrophic, and yeasts and molds counts, especially on the 7th day between the control group (7.78±.01a, 4.38±.01a and 4.96±.01a), water Kefir 1% (6.83±.01b, 3.73±.01band 4.66±.01b), 3% (5.69±.01c, 3.54±.01c and4.53 ±.01c) and 5% (5.60±.03d, 3.41±.01d and 4.50±.01d), respectively. It w...

Mustafa Abd El Raouf*, Mostafa Abdelazim, Abdel Basit M. Abd El-Aal, Shebl E. Salem

...n=4). After recovery, nonsignificant lower pH of urine in Group II (5.4±0.2) than Group I (6.7±0.14) was recorded. Consequently, in conclusion, Walpole’s solution had more efficacy to dissolute urethral calculi than ammonium chloride in buffalo calves treated with tube cystostomy.
 
Keywords: Urolithiasis, Tube cystostomy, Walpole’s solution, Ammonium chloride
...

Muhammad Iqbal1*, Saba Iqbal1, Arbab Jahangeer1, Muhammad Arshad1, Naveed Akhtar2, Ansar Hussain3, Mussarrat Hussain4, Muhammad Shahid5 and Qaisar Abbas4

...ht. De-topping at 90 DAS significantly improved the number of branches, bolls and yield, whereas 75 DAS had the lowest values. Higher seed cotton yield was observed with 30 cm spacing and de-topping at 90 DAS. Hence for optimal cotton yield and growth, the recommended treatment is sowing at 30 cm plant spacing with de-topping at 90 DAS that provides the best balance of plant population, height, number of sympodial branches, boll number, and seed cotton yield.&...

Muhammad Salim1,2*, Muhammad Zakria2, Ahmad Ur Rahman Saljoqi2, Shahid Sattar2, Ayhan Gökçe1, Amjad Usman3 and Hayat Badshah4

...However, after 14 days a significantly lower mean number of aphids was recorded in plot treated with stem extracts (0.001 plant-1) as compared to the others. Data regarding the percent aphids reduction showed that 50% aphids reduction was recorded in plot treated with stem extract and reached to 100% after 21 days. Data regarding ladybird beetle, showed that the highest means number of ladybird beetle was found with whole plant extract (5.00 plant-1) while the...

Budi Guntoro1*, Nguyen Hoang Qui1,2, Ahmad Romadhoni Surya Putra1, Nguyen Thi Anh Thu1,2 and Nguyen Van Vui2

... and perceived cost were significant predictors of farmers’ willingness to adopt biogas. Specifically, occupation (B = -0.088, p = 0.007) and perceived usefulness also negatively affected (B = -0.149, p = 0.005) the willingness to adopt biogas; in addition, farmers having off-farm jobs or having high perceived usefulness of biogas were less likely to adopt biogas. In contrast, information awareness (B = 0.295, p < 0.001), social influence (B = 0.389, ...

Mohammad Lalmoddin Mollah*, Arobi Jahan Disha and Dipa Rani Pal

...holds were identified as significant risk factors. The study underscores the need for vaccination, hygiene practices, and further researchs to mitigate the impact of cat flu on feline health and welfare is needed.

...
Khaled A. El-Dougdoug1, Wael S. El-Araby2* and Rehab A. Dawoud3
...s) DNA viruses also make significant contributions to the viromes of land plants. In this article, we present a thorough taxonomy of viruses that was recently adopted and is based on phylogenomic investigations. This taxonomy is then applied to the plant virome. We continue our investigation by tracing the evolutionary origins of various plant virus lineages all the way back to the first genetic mobile components. We investigate the role of horizontal viral tr...

Nguyen Khanh Thuan1*, Bui Thi Le Minh1, Ngo Van Thong1,2, Nguyen Ho Thanh Tuyen1, Nguyen Lam Truong1, Pham Minh Thien1 

...m pigs’ feces were significantly resistant to ampicillin (61.30%, 81.81%), followed by streptomycin (54.84%, 63.64%). However, those E. coli strains were still sensitive to some of the antibiotics, especially ofloxacin (100%). A total of 71.43% of E. coli strains depicted resistance against multiple antibiotics, and the resistant pattern of ampicillin and streptomycin was the most predominant. Detection and confirmation by PCR assay revealed that blaampC...

Md Kamrul Hasan1,2, Hong-Seok Mun1,3, Keiven Mark Bigtasin Ampode1,4, Eddiemar Baguio Lagua1,5, Hae-Rang Park1,5, Young-Hwa Kim6, Md Sharifuzzaman1,7, Chul-Ju Yang1,5*

...technology, has garnered significant attention recently due to its potential applications across various industries, including the livestock sector. To facilitate the adoption and integration of DT technologies in livestock farming systems, this study aims to discern and appraise the most recent advancements by assessing scientific and technological progressions. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review of the literature to determine th...

Adi Tiya Warman1, Panjono1*, Tri Satya Mastuti Widi1, Sigit Bintara1, Bayu Andri Atmoko2, Endang Baliarti3

...eef cattle is influenced significantly by social (total cows owned), technical (breed of cows), and economic (AI cost) factors.
 
Keywords | Farmers, Preference, Breeding, Artificial insemination, Beef cattle, Crossbreeding
...

Shaymaa Jabbar Hassoon1*, Hiba Ibrahim Ali2, Ayat Jasim Mohammed3, Oras Salman4

... biosynthesized showed a significant difference in the effectiveness of AgNPs-cinnamon extract compared to the cinnamon extract alone with p value (0.0032) , but the least zone was established alongside pseudomonas with clear significant difference in the effectiveness of AgNPs-cinnamon extract compared to the cinnamon extract alone with p value (0.0165), while the moderate zone showed E.coli with a clear

Manar Mousa Alhussein*, Eman Faisal Albghdady

...eated group (G2) shows a significant reduction in total length of epididymis and segments, as well as a non-significant drop in total weight. Histologically, the epididymis tubules showed a significant decrease in diameter; the lumen was empty of sperm; there was an increase in epithelial height; hyperplastic epithelia; and an appearance of cribriform forms with infiltration of inflammator...

Efe Peterson Irikefe-Ekeke1, Oghenebrorhie Obakanurhe1*, Adimabua Mike Moemeka1, UfuomaGodstime Sorhue2, Ifeoma Jane Onwumelu1, Ifo Alex Amata2

...um supplementation had a significant (p< 0.05) effect on all parameter measured respectively. The diet containing 0.04g/kg and 0.06g/kg organic chromium produced the superior weight gains per day and better feed conversion ratio. It was concluded and recommended that an addition of organic chromium at 0.04g/kg and 0.06g/kg can be successfully supplemented in weaned rabbit’s diets without any negative effect on their performance and their blood biochem...

Wirokartiko Satyawardana1,4, Umi Cahyaningsih2*, Fadjar Satrija2, Safika Safika3, Arifin Budiman Nugraha2

...that only the male had a significant difference in Babesia canis vogeli infections with P-value of 0.023. In contrast to the other categories, there were no significant differences. Based on the construction of a phylogenetic tree of Neighbour Joining using pairwise distance, the sample isolates showed close relationships between several origins, including Babesia canis vogeli from Taiwan (JN717134), India (MN700646), and Br...

Muhammad Yusuf1*, Abdul Latief Toleng1, Hasrin Hasrin2, Abdullah Baharun3, Athhar Manabi Diansyah1,4, Santoso Santoso4, Rahmat Rahmat1

... width ovary in GRTS was significantly higher (p<0.05) from PRTS. The fertility rate of GRTS showed was significantly higher (p<0.05) from PRTS. The characteristic cervical mucus on fertility rate of Bali heifers showed that all variables in GMC was significantly higher (p<0.05) from PMC. The fertility rate of GMC showed was significantly higher...

Dheyaa Ali Aljuhaishi*, Firas Hussain Kadim Albawi 

...ndicated a statistically significant (P < 0.05) increased value of body weight, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion in G1, G3 then G2 and G5 respectively, as compared to G4 (control positive). Meanwhile, bacteriophage fed birds had higher Lactobacillus and lowered coliform bacteria counts in G1, G3 than G2 and G5 respectively, compared to G4 (control positive). The bacteriophage additives groups showed significant

Y. Eid1, S. Abo El-Sood1, A. Fawzi1, W.A. Morsy2* and H. Mehany3

...rotein concentration was significantly increased (P<0.01) with increasing fish oil levels in diets. Malondialdehyde contents of serum, meat, and liver were significantly decreased with increasing fish oil levels in diets. It may be concluded that the inclusion of fish oil up to 1% of growing rabbits’ diet enhanced the growth performance and improved their physiological status without any harmful effects on liver and...

Qamar Ullah1,2, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1*, Raheela Akhtar1 and Aftab Ahmad Anjum3

...raught power and gives a significant share to the agricultural economy of the globe. The river buffalo and the swamp buffalo are two distinct types of water buffalo that are present in different places of the world. River buffalo have been preferred for their superior ability of milk production. Mastitis is among the topmost health concerns of farm animals, causing massive financial damage to the agro-livestock sector globally. A total of 96 udder quarters/tea...

Tarek M. Mousa-Balabel1*, Ebrahim M. Farg2 and Abobakr A. Elkot1

...evealed that there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in feed intake and body weight gain on the concrete and long rice straw beddings (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio was significantly improved in rubber mat. The ingestive behavior (feeding and drinking time) was improved in the concrete floor group. On the other hand, the longest and shortest resting duration of the calves after feeding belonged to the rubber mat...

Mukhtiar Ali1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain1*, Muhammad Asrar1, Majid Hussain2, Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan3, Zeeshan Yousaf1 and Aumme Adeeba Bano1

... mg/kg polyphenol showed significant (p<0.05) increase in growth performance having weight gain% (233.24%) and better feed conversion ratio (1.44). Similarly, significantly (p<0.05) improved body composition with crude protein (17.96%), crude fat (8.72%), ash (4.94%) and moisture (68.43%) were also recorded at same polyphenols supplementation level. However, in terms of antioxidant activity, increasing trend in inhibit...

Thaer W. Enad*, Khalefa A. Mansour

... 0.05), but there was no significant difference. The female was the predominant sex infected (p > 0.05). However, this observation did not reach statistical significance. By semi-nested RT-PCR was used on epithelial tissue samples, 84.31% of samples were positive SAT2 serotypes. Those sequences were deposited into GenBank with accession numbers (PP898191-PP898192). At the same time, the seropositive rate was 80.39% on the ELISA test, which was used on serum...

Nguyen Ba Trung1,2*, Pham Thi Kim Phuong1,2

...plotype, which implies a significant level of genetic diversity within their maternal lineage. According to the SRY gene sequence study, all of the males have a zebu-type haplotype, which could have resulted from a hybrid between Bos javanicus and zebu. Based on the genotyping analysis of the functional genes, the DGAT1 gene exhibits polymorphism, whereas the NCAPG and RNF212 genes display monomorphism. This result may have important implications for improving...

Syarifah Nurul Waqiah1, Ratmawati Malaka2*, Ambo Ako2, Sadam Suliman Mohamed Yousof3, Hanif Uzwa Hasanah Sudirman4

...days, and P3=5 days; and significantly faster wound healing time at P0=14 days, P1=12 days, P2=11 days, and P3=10 days. The compounds of the herbal spray, saponins at P0 = Not exist, P1 = Exist, P2 = Exist, and P3 = Exist; tannin content at P0=0.00%, P1=1.11%, P2=1.12%, and P3=1.27%; flavonoid content at P0 = 0.00 ppm, P1 = 276.74 ppm, P2 = 288.43 ppm, and P3 = 292.97 ppm, and for pH values at P0 = 7.50, P1 = 5.74, P2 = 5 .69, and P3 = 5.62. It can be conclude...

Mohamed T. A. Soliman1, Hadeer M. Shosha2, Hala M. Ebaid2, Heba Nageh Gad El-Hak2, Heba M.A. Abdelrazek3*

...ly P≤0.05 exhibited a significant elevation in IL-2, IL-6, IgG, IgE and TOS levels in comparison to the control rats. On the opposite hand, IL-4 and TAC showed reduction in their level. Rat pups of the mothers that were given 73.5mg COC exhibited a statistical P≤0.05 increase in lymphocytes accompanied with hypertrophy in the white pulp of the spleen. The results suggested that when pregnant rats are exposed to moderate levels of COC, their offspring exp...

Eman Wahsh1, Tarek M Ibrahim2, Mirna E. ElAwady3*

...Caffeine treatment could significantly decrease the number of licks and shocks, which reflected an anxiogenic effect. In contrast, treatment with diazepam produced an anxiolytic effect as evident by a significant increase in the number of licks and shocks. The anxiolytic effects of nifedipine and propranolol were evident at the high dose level as measured by increase in licks and shocks.
 
Keywor...

Muhammad Ashfaq Khan, Basheer Ahmad, Sami Ul Haq, Bilal Ahmed Qazi*, Saifullah

...us camaldulensis make up significant portions of the forest at 6.4%, 0.1%, 4.6%, and 4.3%, respectively. Other species like Prunus domestica, Pyrus communis, and Olea spp. contribute as well, at 1.0%, 1.4%, and 6.9%.The study also identified key soil factors influencing species distribution in the area, which included soil pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, and organic carbon. These factors had average values of 7.04, 4.83 ms/cm, 6.11%, and 2.21%, ...

Halla H. Ahmed, Aurass Muhi Taha Al-Waeli and Fadia W. Al-Azawi*

...dy showed that there are significant differences in the NDVI values within wheat growth season in the ROI. Since the maximum significant increase in (March, February, January, and December), respectively. The results showed a very poor wheat yield within the seasonal growth progress; this is suitable with the groundwater nutrient growth by rains? While most of the east part from ROI classified as fair following by good, the ...

Ahmed Shamkhi Jabbar1* and Saadoon Murad2

...on host plants can cause significant economic losses and damage. The effectiveness of commercially available chemical insecticides and biopesticides against cotton mealybugs was evaluated under lab and field conditions by using the secreted toxins of symbiotic bacteria Xenorahbdus nematophlia, Blaiser® as a biopesticide, and chemical pesticide Sivanto®. Our results indicate that the efficacy of secreted toxins by symbiotic bacteria X. nematophlia was t...

Aamara Ibrahim1, Ihsan Mabood Qazi1, Majid S. Hashmi1, Ayaz Ahmad1*, Hisham Javed1, Fawad Ahmad2 and Sadia Mukhtar1

...of cottage cheese varied significantly across blends; higher goat milk content resulted in lower protein (15.13±0.3%) and higher fat levels (23.6±0.3%). Microbial analysis indicated that goat milk and blends with higher concentrations of it exhibited more microbial growth compared to cow milk (7.46±0.01 log CFU g-1 and 7.14±0.06 log CFU g-1 respectively). However, blends with up to 30% goat milk had minimal impact on microbial growt...

Rehmat Ullah, Riaz Ahmed*, Muhammad Tahir, Abdul Majid Nasir and Mushtaq Muhammad

... as a potent driver that significantly boosted the production of food crops, cash crops, pulses, and oilseeds during the study period. A 10 percent increase in small-scale farm credit resulted in substantial production gains ranging from 1.44 to 5.98 percent across these crops. Medium-scale farm credit also exhibited a positive association, notably enhancing yields of food crops, cash crops, and oilseeds by 2.61, 7.49, and 3.61 percent respectively. However, t...

Elfira Kariane Suawa1*,  Juliet R. Roberts2, Greg Parkinson3,  Angelina Novita Tethool1

...signed to be both at and significantly above the breeder standard, were allocated into one of 3 groups in accordance with their body weights. Each group had 20 replicates of one bird each. Eggs were processed for measurements of eggshell and egg internal quality variables, scoring of ultrastructural mammillary layer features, completeness of cuticle cover. Body weight at point of lay and mature body weight at 40-45 weeks did not signif...

Tamadhur H. Hussein1, Zainab M.A. Alrubayei2, Tahreer M. Al-Thuwaini1*

...nd hormone levels varied significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with litter size among both non-pregnant and pregnant ewes. Awassi ewes with twin births exhibited significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) follicle-stimulating hormone levels (1.13 ± 0.11 ng/ml) compared to those with single births. Conversely, lamb weights at birth (4.08 ± 0.27 kg) and weaning (22.25 ± 1.41 kg), as well as triiodothyronine (T3) hormone lev...

Nuttanun Leamkrajang, Somkiert Prasanpanich, K. Teepalak Rangubhet, Phongthorn Kongmun*

...uction, and IVDMD showed significant differences across treatments (p<0.05). The swamp buffalo and the 70:30 ratio exhibited the greatest gas production and IVDMD, while beef cattle followed, and goats produced the least (p=0.004, p<0.001, p=0.001). The swamp buffalo and the 70:30 ratio exhibited the highest concentration of ammonia nitrogen (p<0.001, p=0.002). The ratio of concentrate to roughage influences the overall production of VFAs, the proport...
Sanaullah Sattar1, Ali Hussain2*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Arshad Javid1 and Shahid Mehmood1
...it was found that CR was significantly higher for the coupons that were dipped in inoculated media. For these coupons, the average CR appeared as 210 ± 17 µg dm−2 d−1. However, CR was significantly lower (210 ± 17 µg dm−2 d−1) for the coupons dipped in inoculated water only (Fig. 2). In un-inoculated vials having nutrients, CR appeared higher (97 ± 16 µg dm&minus...

Walid Elmonir1*, Ahmed Abdel-Fattah Tayel2, Suzan Abdelbaky Kotb1 and Wael Fawzy El-Tras2

...rawberries. There was no significant difference in prevalence of T. gondii between different fresh produce type (P value= 0.1 – 0.6). T. gondii was not detected in any fish samples. Two agriculture produce (1 carrot and 1 strawberry) samples were misdiagnosed by microscopic analysis, which emphasized the importance of molecular detection of Toxoplasma oocysts in environmental samples. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular detection of T. gondii o...

Bounthan Sounyvong1, Yohan Lee2 and Eun-Jae Lee3*

...rse woody debris all had significant differences among study sites. We captured 456 individual small rodents during the dry and rainy seasons. The mean number of small rodents captured in primary forests was significantly higher than that in two secondary forests. In addition, there were more rodents in burned rice field stands than in burned rubber plantation stands. The value of overstory to understory vegetation coverage ...

Kamal Ahmed El-Shazly1, Amira Abd El-Latif1, Nagwa Elhawary2, Asmaa F. Alswaf1, Foad Farrag3, Samy Sayed4, Mohamed El-Sharnouby5 and Mustafa Shukry6*

...dings, G2 demonstrated a significant increase in feed conversion rate, oocysts count, lesion score, mortality rate, count total leucocytic, ALP, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, and MDA level, the body weight significally reduction, weight gain in the body, feed consumption, hematological parameters, lymphocytes%, cholesterol level, and Catalase enzyme activity. These results followed the histopathological findings. Treatment with the te...

Ray Adil Quddus1, Nisar Ahmad1*, Jalees Ahmad Bhatti1, Anjum Khaleeq2 and Asfand Yar Khan3

...roximately 5 h which was significantly higher in comparison to pre and post estrus days. Estrus is correctly detected by NEDAP than visual observation, which improve the success rate of insemination in Buffalos.

...

Karar Ali Abdulkhuder* and Abdul Kareem Salman Alyassari 

...iotic resistance poses a significant challenge in the management of Staphylococcus aureus infections, particularly those affecting the eyes. Understanding the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and genetic mechanisms underlying resistance is crucial for guiding effective treatment strategies. This study aimed to assess the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from eye infections. For this pu...

Jumiati Asis1, Nur Aainaa Hasbullah1, Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh1, Noor Khairani Mohamad Basri1, Palanivell Perumal2, Peter Mojiun2 and Mohd. Rashid Mohd. Rakib1* 

... agents (BCAs) that have significant antagonistic activity against various fungal phytopathogens. On the other hand, Ganoderma boninense has been identified as the phytopathogen causing basal stem rot (BSR), a devastating disease in oil palm crop (Elaeis guineensis). In this study, the in vitro and in planta inhibition of G. boninense using Trichoderma isolates were evaluated. A total of 20 Trichoderma isolates ...

Moh Sofi’ul Anam1, Ali Agus1, Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto1, Gunawan2, Andriyani Astuti1*

.... The findings showed no significant changes in the levels of AST, ALT, total protein, glucose, BUN, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, or creatinine (P>0.05) due to supplementation. However, the SUP group showed a significant increase in WBC (41.50%), lymphocyte count (74.70%), and MCHC (2.20%) (P<0.05), with no influence on other haematological parameters (P>0.05). Additionally, the SUP group exhibited

Ivania Farrah Nadhira1, Trioso Purnawarman2, Chaerul Basri2*

...as moderate and it had a significant effect (p<0.05) on Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus on meat. This implied that animal welfare practice might as well affect the presence of microorganisms on meat.
 
Keywords | Animal welfare practice, Ducks, Meat, Microbiological quality, Slaughter facilities
...

Heni Suryani1, Sri Novianti2*, Fatati2, Jul Andayani2, Saitul Fakhri2, Muhammad Ambar Islahudin3

...regression. There was no significant of treatment on the DMD, OMD, NH3 cocentration, but the VFA cocentration increased form 100.80 mM (without Binahong extract) to 105.78 mM (with Binahong extract). The evaluated extract dose was insufficient to impact certain parameters, or microbial adaptability to environmental changes nullified any effect. Meanwhile, VFA production increased due to changes in the rumen fermentation pattern. Treatment

Nbaa Mutea Abid AL-Alh1, Nuha Hatem Khalaf1, Nagam Khudhair1*, Ahmed Khalid2

...(G3, G4 and G5) while no significant difference (p>0.05) in liver and body weights were observed between the groups under study. There was a significant (p<0.001) increase in G2 group ALT, AST and ALP compared a significant decreasing (p<0.001) in prophylactic groups in particular a concentration 5mg/kg or G5 group. Histopathological changes of the liver of G2 including acute cell...

Nguyen Phi Bang1,2*, Nguyen Thi Hanh Chi1,2, Ngo Thuy Bao Tran1,2, Nguyen Thi Bich Hanh1,2, Nguyen Ba Trung1,2, Le Thi Thuy Hang1,2

...health in this area have significantly affected the vaccination’s effectiveness. This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the efficacy of the Rabisin vaccine in preventing rabies in dogs in An Giang province (Vietnam). The study surveyed 343 vaccinated dogs of different ages to determine the presence of antibodies in the serum and compare factors related to the dogs’ natural characteristics (age, gender) and other factors, such a...

Zainab Sadik Chetheer*, Aseel Abdullah Ibraheem

... (T4 and T3) levels were significantly increased (P< 0.05) and the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level was decreased in group treated with both PTU and Withania somnifera supplement compared with control and other treated groups. In contrast, the PTU treated group showed a significant reduction (P< 0.05) in T4 and T3 hormones levels with an increase in TSH levels compared with the other treated groups. The results ...
José J. Cedeño-Díaz1, Caridad A. Torres-García1, Marina García1, Freddy Zambrano-Gavilanes1, Naga Raju Maddela2* and Felipe R. Garcés-Fiallos3*
... amendments did not show significant effects on maize seedlings under in vitro conditions; however, urea only improved the seedling height by 18% (P ≤ 0.01). Physic nut seed cake amendment resulted in the higher increment of chlorophyll (30%) and grain yield (231%) over the control. With respect to the disease resistance, there was a significant decrease of disease incidence (12.5-48%) and severity (34-46.5%) by ph...

Qasim Jawad Amer, Wissam Ahmed Sabah Al-Janabi* 

... evansi (T. evansi) is a significant pathogen affecting camels arround the globe. The study aims to evaluate the potential of molecular methods as a reliable alternative to traditional techniques for accurate and rapid diagnosis of T. evansi in camel populations. For this purpose, this study was designed to collect seventy-five blood samples (n=75) from camels of different ages of both sexes (male and female) from different areas of northern and southern Babyl...

Abeer S. Hafez1, Shereen M. Aly1, Dalia M. A. Elmasry2*, H. A. Hussein3, Marwa A. Abdelmagid4

...ained data illustrated a significant impact on feed intake in the (PN) group and the feed conversion ratio in the (PN) and (PEE) groups compared to control group. PN results in an earlier elevation in lysozyme concentration at 14 days old, while PEE causes late elevation at 28 days old. Both PEE and PN had an equal elevating effect on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at 14 and 35 days old compared to control group. (PN) group possessed a ...

Azza Mohamed Morsi Fahd1*, Al-Sadik K Saleem2, Mohamed Y Ibrahim2, Azhar F. Abdel Fattah2, Gehad R. Donia1

...hat transportation has a significant impact on the growth performance, behaviour and welfare of turkey pullets.
 
Keywords: Turkey pullets, Transportation, Behaviour, Growth performance, Crop filled test ,Welfare
...

Mariam Ismail Ali1*, Rania Helmi Abdou1, Mary Ayad Sargious2, Omnia Mohamed Khattab2, Kawthar Abdelwahed Elhady1

...xic effect of cadmium: a significant increase in serum creatinine, urea, and histopathological lesions in the kidney of cd-treated rats. Bee venom showed nephroprotective effects, decreasing serum creatinine and urea by 16.9% and73.4% respectively and also improving histopathologic lesions in the kidney. Also, the neuroprotective effect of bee venom appeared in the improvement of the histopathological lesions in the brain.
 
Keywor...

Diaa El-Boraey1, Mousa A. Ayoub1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Said Ibrahim Fathalla3, Ibrahim Said Abu-alya3, Mohamed Abaza4, Ahmed R. Gado5, Mobarez A.A.6, Nehal K. Alm Eldin6

...ell-being of poultry are significantly affected by the repeated handling to administer antibiotics or inactivated vaccines. As a result, it observes a lot of Egyptian chicken farmers started mixing antibiotics with inactivated vaccines then administrating as one shot. Therefore, this study conducted to examine the impact of some antibiotics: amikacin and gentamicin on their effectiveness of an inactivated oil in water adjuvant avian influenza vaccine (H9) in b...

Muhammad Ahsan Raza1,2*, Nabila Roohi2, Abdul Qayyum Khan Sulehria3 and Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan4

...f variance also revealed significant difference in population density of rotifers in various months. Shannon-Weaver diversity index reflected greater diversity among rotifer species in June. Environmental variables and heavy metals generally drive the population dynamics of rotifers during the whole year cycle. Findings of this study suggested that rotifer fauna could be a robust bioindicator of water quality in aquatic ecosystem.

...
Chang Guoliang1,2*, Pan Zhengjun1,2, Zhu Chuankun1,2, Zhao Haitao1,2
Yan Zhang3, Summaya Rajput4 and Laghari M. Younis4*

Kai Wang, Weifeng Xu, Pengyuan Dai and Chunmei Li*

...;g/ kg Arg resulted in a significant increase in mean daily weight gain (ADG), liver weight, and liver coefficient. However, Arg treatment in the PNP group showed an elevated trend relative to the rats treated with PNP alone, and the results were not significant. Moreover, in animals treated with 13 g/kg Arg plus PNP, hepatic morphological impairment was alleviated, including hepatic sinusoid damage and inflammatory infiltra...

Asfand Yar Khan1, Syed Saleem Ahmad1*, Muhammad Avais1 and Kamran Ashraf2

...ight gain of chicks were significantly higher (P<0.05) in G5 compared with all other groups. However, none of the medicinal plant extracts affect liver function and blood parameters. Finally, in conclusion, C. procera was found to be highly effective to protect birds against E. coli O157:H7 infection.

...

Sehar Aslam1, Muhammad Qasim1*, Mohsin Khurshid2*, Usman Ali Ashfaq1 and Muhammad Akhtar Ali3

...-hemolytic and displayed significant antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The anti-cancer activity of all isolates was also evaluated against the Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2), and all isolates showed significant anticancer activity. These findings validate the beneficial therapeutic values of novel probiotic strains isolated f...

Zuhaib Nishtar1, Wang Fangzong1,  Nan Yang1 and Jamil Afzal2*

...us. This article reveals significant prospects for integration and collaboration through a thorough examination of the existing condition of animal conservation and renewable energy in Pakistan. The future we envision fosters peaceful coexistence between animals and clean energy infrastructure by meticulously planning renewable energy projects and minimising potential habitat interruptions. The study predicts that renewable energy sources including solar, wind...

Bibigul Sansyzbayeva1, Sholpan Adylkanova1, Toleukhan Sadykulov1 and Koray Kırıkçı2*

...the MN genotype produced significantly (P<0.01) more live weight (4.48 kg) than lambs with the MM genotype. The study was the first to demonstrate that the Saryarka breed has a genetic variation of the CAST gene and its effects on lamb live weight. Consequently, it can be said that the CAST gene could potentially be a molecular marker for the Saryarka breed to increase lamb production and be integrated into the current selection program for the breed. ...

Sadaf Aman1, Yung Fu Chang2, Javed Iqbal Qazi1*, Rahman Ullah3* and Farah Aman4

...he study period, and non-significant differences were recorded for the different treatment groups. All the treatments showed low fat contents and good crude protein values of the fish meat. It is concluded that fish production can be enhanced with the addition of the probiotic in the feed derived from plant origin ingredients. This practice will economize, promote growth and prevent feed associated stress in the aquaculture industry in this country in an envir...

Yonghong Ma1, Jinlan Ma2, Qifu Zhang3, Huajie Zou1 and Shenghua Ma1*

... experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), but the microRNA103 content of the groups was compared. The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05); after modeling, the expression levels of TGF-β1 and P53 protein in the experimental group were signific...
Zarinah Zakaria1*, Nur Nabilah Norsham1, Nur Hasyimah Mat Shah1, Nurul Zaizuliana Rois Anwar1, Napisah Hussin2, Fauziah Tufail Ahmad3, Faridah Yahya3 and Norshazila Shahidan4
 
...and crude fibre which is significantly different as compared with green tea and oolong tea. The thirteen mineral elements in Sacha Inchi tea leaves powder and infusion were assessed. Potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) were found higher in both tea leaves and tea infusion, with values ranged from 5-7 mg/kg, 1-3 mg/kg, 3-6 mg/kg, and 150–203 mg/l, 22–37 mg/l,10–20 mg/l, respectively. The sensory analysis demonstrated that black...
Rukayat Omolara Folarin1,2, Nurhadirah Hairil1, Nurafiqah Anis Ismail1, Putri Athirah Zamrifana1, Lina Nadhirah Abdullah1, Muhammad Afiq Zabhin1, Ariff Imran Alkaf1, Farrah Izzuanie Zainudin1, Hanisah Basir1, Asmad Kari1, Enike Dwi Kusumawati3, I Wayan Karyasa4 and Connie Fay Komilus1*
...nd production yield with significantly highest crude protein. In conclusion, 300 g of goat manure can be used as fertilizer in hydroponic forage production.
...
Pia Amabelle M. Flores1,3, Connie Fay Komilus2, Emelyn Joy Mameloco3 and Rex Ferdinand M. Traifalgar3
...retention (PR) showed no significant differences up to 50% FCM replacement. Significantly decreasing growth performance indices and feed conversion ratio (FCR) relative to the full soybean meal control were observed in 75% and 100% FCM replacement levels (P < 0.05). Carcass composition did not differ significantly in all treatments (P < 0.05). High survival was observed...
Mat Zin Ain-Auzureen1, Maizan Mohamed1, Tan Li Peng1, Mohd Faizal Ghazali2, Choong Siew Shean1, Kamaruddin Mardhiah3, Najiah Musa4, Nora Faten Afifah Mohamad5, Chai Min Hian2 and Ruhil Hayati Hamdan1*
...in Besut, Terengganu was significantly higher than in other locations (P=0.032). Additionally, the index score between MARi and MVGi was found to be significantly different (P=0.013), indicating a possible relationship between the two variables. The outcome of this study may be helpful in elucidating V. alginolyticus pathogenicity and evaluating antibiotics misuse for the development of sustainable disea...
Norsyasya Shari1, Nur Nabilah Husin1, Zalilawati Mat Rasid1, Maaruf Abdul Ghani2 and Noroul Asyikeen Zulkifli1*
 
...d in sugar concentration significantly reduced the moisture content with a corresponding increase in the carbohydrate, fat and ash content of CMD. The pH reduced from 6.65 to 6.55, while total sugar content and total solid increased from 3.28 °Brix to 12.85 °Brix and from 15.90% to 22.50% respectively as the concentration of sugar increased. In terms of colour, the addition of sugar caused the increased in the lightness (L*), reduced the redness (+ a*)...

Shireen Ali Hasan1*, Ahlam A. Al-Rikaby2, Maitham Ali Al-Rikaby3  

...he administration of ASP significantly affected all the studied parameters in both doses (low and high). After 45 days, there was body weight gain and significantly increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) which was accompanied by a significant elevation in blood glucose, TC, TG and LDL-c. However, a significant reduction in the level of HDL-c was notice...

Sherine Abbas1, Hadeer M. Shosha2, Hala M. Ebaid2, Heba Nageh Gad El-Hak2, Heba M. A. Abdelrazek3*

...ults indicated there was significant tolerance of female offspring than male as indicated by ALT, urea and creatinine. A notable alteration in the biochemical parameters of blood serum (ALT, AST, albumin, total protein urea, uric acid and creatinine), as well as in the histopathological changes and immunohistochemical expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in liver and caspase-3 in kidney tissues were observed when the pregnant rats exposed to CO especially...

Ahmed E. Orbano1, Mohsen El Dimerdash1, Mohamed Abaza2, Ali Zanaty3, Mohamed Rady3, Mohamed H. Nemr3, Wael K. Elfeil1*

...ct on animal welfare and significant financial influences on the poultry industry. Avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease (ND), and infectious bronchitis (IB) are the most economically significant illnesses impacting the poultry sector worldwide, including Egypt. Also, infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) may cause massive financial losses. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence and co-infection d...

Sherine Abbas1, Heba M.A. Abdelrazek2*, Eman M. Abouelhassan3, Nayrouz A. Attia4, Haneen M. Abdelnabi4, Seif El-Eslam E. Salah4, Abdelrahman M. Zaki4, Mohamed A. Abo- Zaid4, Nadia A. El-Fahla5

...gnant female rats caused significant (P<0.05) declines in birth and final body weights of male offspring and their thymus absolute weight (P<0.05). It also caused significant neutrophil (%) promotion (P<0.05) and lymphocyte (%) reduction (P<0.05), reduced serum TAC levels statistically (P<0.05), and affected DNA and lymphoid tissues evidenced by increased (P<0.05) immunohistochemical expression of IL-6, NFK...

Bassant Mahmoud Emam1, Jehan Abd Elrazek Hassanen1, Abeer Gaffer Ali Hassan3, Azza Mahmoud Abdullah1, Hadeer Said Aboelnaga2, Amina Ali Dessouki2*

...align: justify;">Despite significant efforts to manage diabetes mellitus (DM), its prevalence and related complications continue to increase. There are already well-established antidiabetic drugs in the pharmaceutical sector like Dapagliflozin (DAPA). However, medicinal plant remedies, e.g., Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), are efficiently utilized for DM treatment with low side effects. Accordingly, the study aimed to compare the effects of DAPA and Fen...

Khalid Nabieh1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Ahmed Ali1, Ali Zanaty3, Magdy F. Elkady1

...IBDV) is one of the most significant viruses that responsible for immunosuppression and high mortality in young chicks. In Egypt, the prevalence of IBDV is complicated as multiple strains co-circulating, including classical, variant, and very virulent (vvIBDV). This study aims to investigate the genetic variability and reassortment interactions between co-circulating IBDV strains in Egyptian field, with a particular focus on the VP1(segment B) and VP2 (Segment...

El-Sayed I. Hassanein1, Abdallah E. Metwally1, Hossam Eldin M. Abd Elbaky1*, Walaa Fathy Saad Eldin2

...inseed oil resulted in a significant (P<0.05) improvement in dressing % and carcass attributes. The breast muscle of broilers fed linseed oil had considerably (P<0.05) greater values of poly unsaturated fatty acids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids than that of the control groups. Additionally, there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the amounts of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, and TAC. Nevertheless,...

Mohamed E. Enany1, Ahmed M. Hamouda2, Reem M. Khashaba3*

...he isolates demonstrated significant sensitivity to Colistin, with a sensitivity rate of 94.73% while were 60.52% and 52.63% for Gentamicin and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole . the antimicrobial activity of five methanolic plant extracts (garlic, cloves, rosemary, Ficus sycomorus and Ziziphus spina-christi,) were examined toward intermediate resistant strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Among the plant extracts used, c...

Ashraf B. Said*, Ibrahim A. Ibrahim, Hoda I. Bahr, Marwa A. El-Beltagy

...ed diabetic group showed significant (P≤0.05) hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and elevation in inflammatory cytokines with hepatic and kidney tissues disruption. At the same time, treatment alleviated hyperglycemia and IR with a significant (P≤0.05) decrease in inflammatory biomarkers levels and tissue expressions, especially GLP-1 and Stem cell groups combined with metformin. The study concluded that whether BM stem ...

Asim Karim*, Anwar Ali, Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Nowsherwan Zarif and Wadood Shah

...d climatic circumstances significantly affect the growth value of individual clones. This difference is not only related to the development of the growth-related features, but also to the properties of the wood and the possibility of its utilization. Paulownia hybrids and cultivars have a similar appearance, but they react to their environment differently depending on the situation. The best growth (with good results) for this tree is in the Middle East and So...

Talha Shafique1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Yasir Iftikhar2, Qaiser Shakeel3*, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2, Haseeb Ahmed Lalika4, Malik Abd-ur-Rehman5, Atta ur Rehman2, Muhammad Irfan Zafar6 and Farwa Seemab2

...ch. The results revealed significant variation in CTV incidence and severity across the three citrus varieties. Musambi exhibited the highest incidence rate at 4.5, followed by Feutrel’s Early at 2.89 and Kinnow at 1.71. Musambi also had the highest severity score at 53.5 pits per square inch, followed by Feutrel’s Early at 27.5 and Kinnow at 11.5. Geographical analysis of CTV incidence indicated that Kot Momin had the highest incidence rate at 4.7...

Muhammad Usman Saleem*, Tahir Hussain Awan, Bilal Atta, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir and Muhammad Ijaz

... performed well, showing significant improvements in these traits compared to the control. Conversely, the control treatment exhibited the lowest values across all parameters, highlighting the essential role of appropriate fertilizer combinations in enhancing the growth and yield of Basmati 515 under DSR cultivation. Results suggested that NP + CAN fertilizer combination is the best option in DSR cultivation which promoted agronomic traits and hence the yield....

Sanjita Gurau1,2 and Ram L Ray1*

...hini. The results showed significantly higher plant spreading in Sunny House. The highest number of male flowers plant-1 (29.56) and female flowers plant-1 (13.81) were recorded in Shlesha 1214, while the lowest number of male and female flowers were recorded in grey zucchini, i.e., 24.43 and 11.68, respectively. Similarly, a higher number of days to 50% female flowering (29.56), higher number of pickings plant-1 (5.50), higher average fruit weight plant-1 (91...

Anisa Aprilia*, Syafrial, Djoko Koestiono, Fitria Dina Riana and Silvana Maulidah 

...onmental risks that pose significant challenges. Recognizing environmental hazards present throughout the agricultural food supply chain can improve its sustainability. This review compiles relevant data from recent literature and evaluates it to identify strategies for managing sustainable agro-food supply chains while mitigating environmental risks. It emphasizes the importance of gathering such information in order to devise approaches that can effectively ...

Hammad Ali, Basheer Ahmad, Asim Karim*, Saifullah and Salman Ahmad 

...forest is a distinct and significant ecological habitat, the researchers aimed to learn more about the different animals that call it home. The researchers employed a methodology to guarantee that their findings would accurately represent the entire forest. 72 plots, each 20 by 20 meters, were chosen randomly from the forest. They meticulously recorded the quantity and kinds of different tree species they came across in each of these plots. This study’s ...

N. M. Abed 

...lts analysis indicated a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in TSH and lower T3 and T4 levels in the NiCl2, CCl4 and NiCl2+ CCl4 groups compared to the control group. Propolis treatment in the NiCl2 and CCl4 groups significantly (P < 0.05) lowered TSH levels compared to the control group. In contrast, the CPF-treated group had significantly higher serum levels. Our investigation conclude...

Eman Abdelrazik1, Sahar H. Abdel-Baset2*, Abdelghafar M. Abu-Elsaoud3,4 and Shimaa M.A. Mohamed5

...nic amendment treatments significantly reduced the number of galls, root egg masses/root and nematode population (J2s) in the soil, while fosthiazate resulted in the greatest reduction. All the treatments markedly increased the enzymatic antioxidant enzyme activity in peanuts relative to the control, i.e., peroxidase, catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chitinase, β-1,3 glucanase, and total phenolic activities. The integration of several techniques, in...

Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi* and Abigail Abosede Olojede 

...il. Similarly, there was significant reduction (at 5%) in soil and root nematode population at the above volume of application against (50 mMole) 25mL. Thus, we suggest that green synthesis of AgNPs could serve as an eco-friendly method of combating nematode pests of cabbage.

...

Rehan Ullah1, Fazli Rahim1, Muhammad Sajid1, Shakir Ullah2*, Shahab Ali2, Lubna Shakir3, Mohammad Sohail4 and Ghani Subhan5

...tion on ethnobotanically significant plants, focusing on medicinal species, in Khazana Munda, District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study was conducted in 30 isolated villages of the research area through questionnaires to collect information from 500 native people of different ages (35 to 75 years old) who were interviewed and included men and women, who were involved in the compilation and utilization of plants. The study region was carefully visited i...

Mahisba Waris1, Muhammad Azim Khan2*, Muhammad Fawad1*, Nabeela Jafer1, Rashid Hussain3 and Haseeb Ahmad3

... moringa aqueous extract significantly affected germination indices of okra seeds with highest germination (93.3%), followed by germination energy (93.3%), germination rate index (22.7), and the mean germination rate (0.245) observed in the control. In addition, the mean germination time was short but exhibited a maximum control level of 4.1 days. At the 25% concentration, the germination was (80%), and germination energy (73.3%), being remarkably the lowest, ...

Mohsin Raza1, Zeshan Hussain2, Fazil Abbas2, Muhammad Atiq Ashraf3, Hadj Henni Imene4 and Talha Riaz5

...ytoplasmas. In Pakistan, significant viral infections, particularly PVY, PMTV, PLRV, PVM, PVS, PVA, and PVX, are of serious concern, with alarmingly high prevalence of PLRV, PVX, and PVY in key potato-growing regions. Effective management of these viral threats is challenging due to the lack of direct chemical controls, underscoring the importance of prevention as the primary strategy. Rapid and precise detection methods are essential for controlling the onset...
Khalid Abdullah1, Muhammad Mamoon-ur-Rashid2*, Muhammad Safdar Baloch3, Iqtidar Hussain3, Zuhair Hasnain4 and Muhammad Naeem2
...cross the globe, causing significant economic losses. In the present investigations, a series of experiments were conducted comprising of food and sex lure, and neem oil to devise an IPM model for the management of fruit fly B. zonata in mango orchards. The data were recorded on the percent infestation in dropped and harvested fruits. The neem oil at 5% and 3% concentrations was found effective for controlling fruit flies. Pheromone traps lured with Methyl Eug...

Saiqa Jehan1*, Tahir Sarwar1, Naveedullah1, Shahzad Khan Khattak2 and M. Jamal Khan3 

...">Climate change is most significant environmental problem affecting human activity, either directly or indirectly, and it has an impact on every community in the world. This study examines the local community’s perception of climate change and its impact on water resources of selected areas in district Chitral with high climatic vulnerabilities. General observations and a survey based on questionnaires were used to collect field data. The questionnaire ...

Muhammad Noman Tariq1, Saeed Ahmed*1, Ghazanfar Ali Chishti1, Muhammad Shahbaz Zafar1, Muhammad Saadullah2, Muhammad Usman1, Mohsin Ali1 and Ghulam Qadir1

...pplementation (80 mg/kg) significantly improved (P < 0.05) the digestibility of crude protein (CP) by 2.87%, ether extract (EE) by 5.98% and NDF by 5.65% in bucks fed a high concentrated diet, compared to those fed non-supplemented diets. It was concluded that CSH supplementation with roughage: concentrates (20:80) resulted in increased digestibility of CP, EE and NDF which can improve the growth performance, reduce nutrients loss and decrease the productio...

Saima Bibi* and Nazir Ahmad

...cid treatment. pH varied significantly from 4.70 to 5.20. The in sacco digestability showed significant differences with DM disappearance ranging from 39.5% to 59.3% after 36 hours of incubation, CP disappearance from 52.4% to 82.3%, NDF from 49.6% to 69.9% and ADF from 39.8 to 73.5%. Treated berseem generally had higher digestibility. Among phenolic compound treatment, Bakayan seed with 4.5% tannic acid had highest CP (22.2...

Hussain Shah1, Ali Hazrat2*, Ateef Ullah1, Hafsa Razzaq3, Shabir Ahmad1, Muhammad Yahya2, Muhammad Abdullah1, Sahar Nasim2, Waqar Ahmad2, Muhammad Junaid1 and Gul Rahim2

...L-8 variety recognized a significantly higher yield than the rest.

...

Ammara Khan1, Khalid Mehmood1,2*, Ali Raza1, Ishtiaq Hassan3 and Ayesha Sultana4,5

...oration and zero tillage significantly contributed to soil phosphorus (by 0.02-0.03 ppm), potassium (by 5 ppm) and organic matter (by 0.02%). Contrarily, the residues burning practice reduced the soil potassium (by 1 ppm) and organic matter (by 0.01%). The empirical findings conclude that eco-friendly practices can perform at least equally to or better than conventional practice of crop-residues burning in terms of soil health and yield of subsequent wheat cro...

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture

September

Vol.40, Iss. 3, Pages 680-1101

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